Study of anaesthetic effect of ketamine and midazolam as separate and concomitant sublingual administration in animal model

Subject Areas : Journal of Comparative Pathobiology

محسن علیلو ¹ , ایلیاد عیسی بیگلو ² , حمید میرزائی ³

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Received: 2011-04-19 Accepted : 2011-08-09 Published : 2011-11-22

Keywords: CNS depression, Oral Ketamine, Oral Midazolam, Cat,

Abstract :

Ketamine is a suitable injectable anesthetic in human and animal that has a low intestinalabsorption rate. It's bioavailability in human with oral administration is %207 and with rectaladministration in cat is %43.56.1 .this drug has some side effects such as hypertension,histamine releasing effects , hallucination , hyper salivation (specially with oral administration)and etc. Midazolam is a short acting benzodiazepine that can pass trough blood-brain barrier andcauses CNS suppression. Then it seems that co administration of Midazolam and ketaminecause more effective & deep CNS depression effects.The aim of this study was evaluation of ketamine and Midazolam CNS suppression effects inthe manner of single and together in cat. Ten free roaming male & mature cats received drugs[ketamine (20, 40, 80mg/kg) & Midazolam (0.3, 0.6, 1.2mg/kg)] first in mixture of milk (40ml)or meat (30g) or sublingual spray rout. In 2nd stage they received concomitant doses ofMidazolam & ketamine by the method mentioned above. Each animal was observed continuallyby educated observer for CNS depression as graded on the behavioral scales.Almost all of the animals rejected receiving drugs in mixture of milk and meat. So subligualspray rout used for oral administration of drugs. Ketamine & Midazolam showed a dosedependent effect in different administered doses. Concomitant use of Midazolam with ketamineimproved ketamine's CNS depression effects. Also duration of CNS depression was longer withco administration of these two drugs. Results showed that administration of ketamine &Midazolam in mixture of milk & meat is not a suitable method in cats. But a strong and longtime CNS depression is achieved when ketamine sprayed in mouth (as sublingual form).