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Open Access Article
1 - Influence of chemical properties of liquid environment on the physical characteristics of laser ablation produced tungsten nanostructures
Zohreh Famili Davoud Dorranian Amir Hossein Sari -
Open Access Article
2 - Magneto-plasmonic properties of hybrid nanostructures prepared by laser ablation in different solutions
R. A. Ejbarah Ahmed K. Kodeary Talib M. Abbas -
Open Access Article
3 - Providing Design Strategies for Ventilation System in Treatment Environments (Proposed Sample: Hybrid Ventilation System in Hospitals)
Farah Habib Ebrahim Ramez -
Open Access Article
4 - Role of activated carbon from natural adsorbent for removal of textile dyes: effect of pH, kinetic and adsorbent mass
Ameneh Khorsand Reza Fazaeli Mahboobeh Manoochehri -
Open Access Article
5 - The Ending of Divine Retribution in Ibn al-Arabi's Mystical Eschatology
H. SiahkuhianThe Constancy of Divine Retribution is an important subject inIslamic eschatology. This subject which is related to "the committer ofcardinal sins" has a special place in theological discussions. Ibn-al-Arabi among Islamic thinkers is the only one who belives in DivineR MoreThe Constancy of Divine Retribution is an important subject inIslamic eschatology. This subject which is related to "the committer ofcardinal sins" has a special place in theological discussions. Ibn-al-Arabi among Islamic thinkers is the only one who belives in DivineRetribution no to be perpetual. He holds that Hell is a changeablephenomenon and anunstable affair. According to Ibn-al-Arabi viewpoint, the Divine Retribution finally will be transformed in to DivineGrace and eventually eternal peace(1) In Mechanics, Nature is regarded in the abstract, in the simplest andvaguest form of its idea -- that of externality. (2) Physics: In all thethree portions of mechanical Nature it is quantity and quantity only thatis exhibited. The matter which physics verifies is qualitative orindividual. (3) Organics, where Nature first acquires the character ofsubject, with the power which a subject has of gathering up all its partsor differences under its own control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The Concept of Faith from the Viewpoint of Mohammad Ghazzālī and Martin Luther
احسان شکوری نژاد قربان علمیIn Islamic and Christian theology faith is defined as an inner assent.This assent, as a divine grace, grants to man's heart the hope of beingblessed in this mundane world and eternal happiness in the Hereafter.As a result, man loses his selfishness and submits his desir MoreIn Islamic and Christian theology faith is defined as an inner assent.This assent, as a divine grace, grants to man's heart the hope of beingblessed in this mundane world and eternal happiness in the Hereafter.As a result, man loses his selfishness and submits his desires to God'swill and commands, moreover, when he reaches a higher place, God’swill would be manifested in his all existential aspects. MuhammadGhazzālī and Martin Luther, as two influential Islamic and Christianthinkers, look at faith as such. By referring to their theological works,this essay reaches the conclusion that according to them faith is aninner assent which is given to man’s heart as a divine gift and grace. Inthis respect both thinkers have a common view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Hermetic, Platonic and Middle Platonic Origins of Gnosticism
nasrin vakilian Fatemeh Lajevardi Abolghasem EsmaeelpourGnosticism is one of the most important and influential religious- mystical schools of thought in pre- and post- Christian centuries, which considers salvation on the basis of the divine wisdom, containing some of the deepest epistemological and philosophical ideas of t MoreGnosticism is one of the most important and influential religious- mystical schools of thought in pre- and post- Christian centuries, which considers salvation on the basis of the divine wisdom, containing some of the deepest epistemological and philosophical ideas of that period in theology, cosmology, anthropology and eschatology. It refers to a number of ancient schools of thought, which has widely spread in Western Asia as a theological and mysteical discipline, under the influence of Hellenism or Greco-Hellenic, Hermetic, Platonic and Middle Platonic schools, as well as religions such as Judaism, Christianity and Zoroasterianism. Because of the widespread exchange of ideas and concepts, these religions and schools of thought had mutual influences on each other and displayed various common features in their beliefs. This paper examines the essence and origins of Gnostic worldview by assessing the main principles and foundations of the Hermetic, Platonic and Middle Platonic ideologies in various topics such as divinity; existential dualism; fate of the world; man and his relation to God; and descent along with return of the spirit, in order to uncover the similarities and differences of these systems of thought. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The effect of core@shell nanoparticle concentration on the barrier properties of carboxymethyl cellulose-based films
S. Tavakolian H. Ahari M. H. Givianrad H. Hosseini -
Open Access Article
9 - Measurement of boron in aqueous solutions containing Zannichellia palustris L. and Ruppia maritima L. with different salinity
Amir Parnian Mostafa Chorom Nematolah JaafarzadehBackground and Objective: Existing of brackish and polluted drainage is one of the environmental problems in the southern Iran region, and also many of these drainages move down to the local wetlands. So the aim of this study was B remediation from three aqueous solutio MoreBackground and Objective: Existing of brackish and polluted drainage is one of the environmental problems in the southern Iran region, and also many of these drainages move down to the local wetlands. So the aim of this study was B remediation from three aqueous solutions with different salinities, by two native hydrophytes of Iran’s southern wetlands.Material and Methodology: In this study, during 120 hours treatment of waters with distinct salinity that contaminated with four different B levels (1, 2, 5, and 10 mg per liter of water), B remediation by two hydrophytes (Zannichellia palustris L. and Ruppia maritima L.) were examined.Findings: The study showed for non-saline water plant uptake a high amount of B and both plant removal efficiency achieved more than 70%. The uptake index of Z. palustris and R. maritima respectively were 0.51 – 8.16 and 0.18 – 8.14 mg pot-1 but these values increased in the saline waters. Biomass production measurement of Z. palustris decreased by increasing B contamination but R. maritima was not affected, and it showed the higher B tolerance of R. maritima.Discussion and Conclusion: Totally, Z. palustris removed more B than R. maritima but the bad effect of salinity on R. maritima less than Z. palustris. The results approved the ability of both plants for B remediation in saline waters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Efficiency of the processed walnut shell in removal of red reactive 2 dye from aqueous solutions
Fatemeh Asadi Abdollah Dargahi Ali Almasi Chiman Ali Karami Ahmad MohamadiBackground and Objective: Red reactive 2 dyes are colors which have many uses in textial industries the aim of this study is to eualuvate the efficiency of the processed walnut shell in the removal of red reactive 2 dye from aqueous solutions. Method: This study is an MoreBackground and Objective: Red reactive 2 dyes are colors which have many uses in textial industries the aim of this study is to eualuvate the efficiency of the processed walnut shell in the removal of red reactive 2 dye from aqueous solutions. Method: This study is an experimental type. Powder and granule walnut shell and red reactive 2 dyes have been used in different concentrations. Findings: The adsorption rate was affected by adsorbent rate and expose time. By increase of adsorbent rate from 0.5 to 2 g in 100ml, the adsorption rate increased from 50% to 96%. The maximum adsorption rate occurred in the first 10 min. Dye adsorption rate was adopted according to Langmuir isotherm adsorption. Conclusion: The comparisons indicate that the adsorption rate is much better in powder type than in granule type. Considering the acidic characterization of some dyes and high temperature of most of the industrial effluents, it is concluded that walnut shell can be used as dye sorbent in such wastewater. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Dante and the Effectiveness of His Writings from Eastern Sources
Ismāil ĀzarDante’s “Comedy” has three sections or volumes. The first section is the hell, the second one is the purgatory (in other words a place for being purified from sins) and the third is the heaven. Her book involves one hundred rhymes. MoreDante’s “Comedy” has three sections or volumes. The first section is the hell, the second one is the purgatory (in other words a place for being purified from sins) and the third is the heaven. Her book involves one hundred rhymes. Every section (volume) consists of ten layers. There are two special numbers in this book; one of them is 3 which is a symbol of trinity and the other is 10 which is a symbol of unity. Dante’s trip starts from the hell then goes to the purgatory and purifies himself; finally, he moves to the heaven. “Ardavirafnameh’’ is one of the writings which had a great influence on Dante. Ardaviraf is a Zoroastrian person who reports his seven-day fanciful trip about what he has seen. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - A Journey to Paradise (Comparative Study of Divine Comedy and Stairway to Heaven)
Abbas Nikbakht Sediqeh Mousavi QomiOne way to understand the facts is to discover and witness which the gnostic attempts to find the world’s fact by his heart and passing the completeness ways. “Dante’s Divine Comedy” and Sanaie’s “Stairway to Heaven” are the sam MoreOne way to understand the facts is to discover and witness which the gnostic attempts to find the world’s fact by his heart and passing the completeness ways. “Dante’s Divine Comedy” and Sanaie’s “Stairway to Heaven” are the samples of inner journey and fact discovering by heart in which both authors try present the levels of journey and releasing of worldly and sensual wishes and expectations. The present researching paper attempts to study the abovementioned works comparatively and show their similarities and differences in order to find and discover the fact, ways of journey to completeness and human excellence which Molana and Dante have tried to express them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Study and Comparison of the Two Jewish and Zoroastrian Spiritual Journeys to the Post Mortal World
Gordafarin Muhammadi Mehdi MomtahenThe present article analyses the quality and nature of two Jewish and Zoroastrian journeys of the afterlife namely “Book of Ardaviraf” and “Dream of Enokh” while expressing their similarities and differences. The main characters of both works (V MoreThe present article analyses the quality and nature of two Jewish and Zoroastrian journeys of the afterlife namely “Book of Ardaviraf” and “Dream of Enokh” while expressing their similarities and differences. The main characters of both works (Viraf&Enokh) are great men of their nation who experience this spiritual journey and visit heaven and hell and walk with creator of the universe and finally they come back to their people with great experiences and instructions. They inform people of what they have observed. In the “Dream of Enokh” the way the universe was created and how it works systematically is also explained but this article mainly focuses on the differences of Heaven and hell in these works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Kholud and Everlastingness in Heaven and Hell from the Point of View of Holy Quran
Nayereh Jamshidian Soosan Ale RasoolKholud (eternity) and everlastingness has always been taken into consideration by Islamic scholars. There is no difference of opinions among scholars about being everlasting in heaven. However, concerning hell-dwellers some scholars believe in Kholud in inferno and eter MoreKholud (eternity) and everlastingness has always been taken into consideration by Islamic scholars. There is no difference of opinions among scholars about being everlasting in heaven. However, concerning hell-dwellers some scholars believe in Kholud in inferno and eternal suffering and they refer to tradition and some Quranic verses in this regard while others, mostly philosophers and mystics, believe in Kholud in inferno but either suffering will diminish due to the mercy of God or hell-dwellers will get used to it. The present article deals with the meaning of Kholud, verses and tradition about it, eternal suffering of pagans, eternal reward for believers and the reasons scholars accept or deny them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Analysis of the truth of the intermediary world
Reza Rostamizadeh Halimeh MohammadiGod in the Quran has noticed the life after death, the hereafter and the intermediary world from different aspects. Referring to the Quran, we can find at least twenty verses that imply the intermediary world.And from the sum of these verses, it goes clea MoreGod in the Quran has noticed the life after death, the hereafter and the intermediary world from different aspects. Referring to the Quran, we can find at least twenty verses that imply the intermediary world.And from the sum of these verses, it goes clear the reality of the intermediary world.This study seeks to examine the intermediary world in the above verses.That, on one hand, attracts the audience’s mind to the truth of the intermediary world; and on the other hand, by managing their actions and behavior that affect his status in intermediary world, let them think about the basic measures. Therefore, in this context, the concept of intermediary world, interpretation, explanation of the verses relating to this subject, philosophy of the intermediary world, and eventually intermediary Heaven and Hell and its differences with the Heaven and Hill of the resurrection are mentioned in order to express the state of that world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The Epic "Hell revolution" in Jamil Sidqi Azzahawi’s poem
Samad Soleymani Rahmatollah Heydari maneshSaga is considered of the oldest types of poetry at the ancient nations, and of the richest world literature. And as we know contemporary Arabic literature is of the richest and the most well-known in the art of epic Literature and many of contemporary writers MoreSaga is considered of the oldest types of poetry at the ancient nations, and of the richest world literature. And as we know contemporary Arabic literature is of the richest and the most well-known in the art of epic Literature and many of contemporary writers and poets were interested in epic poetry. Jamil Sidqi Azzahawi is considered one of the greatest epic poetry poets and among the most famous contemporary poets. The study of epic poetry, which is one of the finest, and richest, and oldest arts literature is of a great importance. As we study the epic poetry, we see the story of championships and legends in it. To study the epic in the Diwan of Jamil Sidqi Azzahawi is of a great importance. And the epic "hell revolution" is of the best poetic epics in contemporary Arabic literature. Because it is an epic dealing with literary issues, as well as historical, religious, political, ethical, and mythical issues in the community. And it puts in front of the reader and listener a mythical model, and a fictitious or realistic hero. And it’s the epic that hasn’t got any attention, and from this viewpoint this article deals with its study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Comparison of manna, phenol, seed germination, morphology and anatomy of Echinops polygamous and E. tenuisecta
Gudarz Tahmasebi Babak Delnavaz Hashemloian Azra Ataei Azimi Mojtaba Yosefirad Nastaran JalilianIntroduction: Echinops polygamous from Saveh and E. tenuisecta from Sarpol-e Zahab are two medicinal plants belong to the Asteraceae family. The aim of this study was to compare two medicinal plants of Echinops in terms of morphology, anatomical structure, manna trehalo MoreIntroduction: Echinops polygamous from Saveh and E. tenuisecta from Sarpol-e Zahab are two medicinal plants belong to the Asteraceae family. The aim of this study was to compare two medicinal plants of Echinops in terms of morphology, anatomical structure, manna trehalo production, seed germination and phenol content. Methods and materials: Morphology by examining the appearance characteristics, anatomical structure by fixing the plant organs, cutting and staining, manna by counting the Larinus cocoons, seed force germination percent, and phenol by Folin Siocaltu's method were studied. Results: Blue spherical inflorescence, prickly leaves and manna were common in both. Seed germination force of E. polygamous was better. Phenol was abundant in the shoots and inflorescences. The stems of E. polygamous have fallen to the ground and it had dense inflorescences, larger and thicker leaves, and more mana. E. tenuisecta stems were erect with smaller and thinner leaves. The extensive sclerenchyma, in the stem and root of both were observed. Vascular cambium was not observed in the stem. The vascular bundles of stems of E. polygamous were located in a circle and bundles of E. tenuisecta were located in two circle. Root cork cambium was continuous, but vascular cambium was interrupted.Conclusion: E. polygamous was better in terms of having thicker, larger leaves and fewer spines for insect larvae feeding and forming cocoons. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Imagination and symbolism of hell from myth to mysticism
leila aminilari Farah NiazkarImagination and symbolism are tools that mythology language and mystic language choose for expressing their fundamental teachings.The concept of hell is one of the universal topics that mythology and mysticism have attention to this. Terrible images that has presented MoreImagination and symbolism are tools that mythology language and mystic language choose for expressing their fundamental teachings.The concept of hell is one of the universal topics that mythology and mysticism have attention to this. Terrible images that has presented from this evil and dark place in the mythology, expresses human’s depth of thought and world review in old ages and shows the man’s deep religious and moral needs.The hell-this valley of fire and eternal of the spirit’s fearful metamorphosis- has described in most texts with the words are related to material.The hell’s fire punishes evils and from another dimension, is a passage way for the ascent of the soul and the soul attains perfection with symbolic passage from fiery hell in its evolution.Also from a mystical view, the allegorical of hell is a point to degrees of separation and neglect from manifestations of God and to be cover sensual veil.If we die out the fire of internal hell, we can travel the path to perfection in a heavenly relaxation.With a look to the process of human’s insight to the hell’s concepts and its teachings, from the mythology world to mysticism’s arena, causes the extent of vision and a deeper understanding of different dimension of the adventure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Preparation and Application of Fe3O4@SiO2@OSO3H Nanocomposite as a Green Catalyst for the Synthesis of Octahydroquinazolinones
Mohammad Ali Ghasemzadeh -
Open Access Article
20 - Synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles Catalyzed by Eggshell-supported-Cu(I) Metformin Complex as a Heterogeneous Catalyst in Water
Mohammad Bakherad Raheleh Doosti Zeynab Qasemifar -
Open Access Article
21 - Separation and Recovery of Platinum by Magnetic Coreshell Nanostructures Modified with N-(2-aminoethyl)-3- aminopropyltrimethoxysilane
Mansoor Anbia Ruholla Mehrizi -
Open Access Article
22 - Degradation of Phthalocyanine by a Core-Shell TiO2 Photocatalyst: Effect of Iron Dopping on Band Gap
Amir Hossein Haghighaty Shahram Moradi Dehaghi Kambiz Larijani -
Open Access Article
23 - Separation and Recovery of Platinum by Magnetic Core-shell Nano-structures Modified with N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane
Mansoor Anbia Ruholla Mehrizi -
Open Access Article
24 - Microwave Assisted Multi-component Synthesis of 4Hchromene Derivatives by Nano-coconut Shell-BF3 as a New Heterogeneous Catalyst
Hamid Reza Molaei Bahareh Sadeghi -
Open Access Article
25 - Ardavirafnameh: Manifestation of Myths of the Apocalypse in Ancient Iran
Azar DaneshgarIn all places and eras, human has been concerned with thought of fate of the spirit and he has some imaginations about the world after death and destiny of dead souls based on his knowledge. Ardaviraf's travel story to Hell, Purgatory and Eden and visiting Emshasepandan MoreIn all places and eras, human has been concerned with thought of fate of the spirit and he has some imaginations about the world after death and destiny of dead souls based on his knowledge. Ardaviraf's travel story to Hell, Purgatory and Eden and visiting Emshasepandan and Ahooramazda is of this kind. This paper is to investigate and analyze this valuable literary masterpiece and to describe experiences of Ardaviraf about visiting Eden, Hell and Purgatory and reward or punishment that spirits of benefactors and evildoers will receive because of their actions in this material world. It also shows what he observes and features in this journey has not been born of his mind and imagination but corresponds with myths of end of the universe among ancient Iranians. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Chemical composition essential oil obtained from Fruit and stem of Drema ammoniacum D. Don. By spectroscopic manner GC and GC-MS
Jafar Izadi Nia Aeyed Javad Hosseini farhad salmani محمدامین نوعی آقاییAbstract In this research, the essential oil of Fruit and stem Drema ammoniacum was obtained whit hydrodistillation and analyzed by spectroscopic manner gas chromatography and gas chromatography coupled whit mass spectroscopy. 90.06% of essential oil obtained from Fru MoreAbstract In this research, the essential oil of Fruit and stem Drema ammoniacum was obtained whit hydrodistillation and analyzed by spectroscopic manner gas chromatography and gas chromatography coupled whit mass spectroscopy. 90.06% of essential oil obtained from Fruit were recognized. Limonene (%5.81) ، Alpha-fenchyl acetate (%6.16) ، Alpha-amorphene (%9.57) ، Alpha-Pinene (%10.60) and 4-Carene (%38.84) were the main component in the Fruit essential oil. 77.83% of essential oil obtained from stem were recognized. Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol (%5.86) ، Alpha-terpinolene (%6.50) ، Sabinene (%7.19) ، Beta-myrcene (%2.30) ، Beta-phellandrene (%13.28) ، and Dillapiole (%18.04) were the main component in the Fruit essential oil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Chemical composition of the essential oil obtained with hydrodistillation and head space solid phase micro extraction of the Prangos uloptera DC. From IRAN by spectroscopic manner GC AND GC/MS
Jafar Izadi NiaChemical composition of the essential oil obtained with hydrodistillation and head space solid phase micro extraction of the Prangos uloptera DC. From IRAN by spectroscopic manner GC AND GC/MSIn this research prangos ulopetra DC. collected from Miami shahrood aria. the MoreChemical composition of the essential oil obtained with hydrodistillation and head space solid phase micro extraction of the Prangos uloptera DC. From IRAN by spectroscopic manner GC AND GC/MSIn this research prangos ulopetra DC. collected from Miami shahrood aria. the essential of the plant obtained with hydrodistillation and HS-SPME instrument. Analysis essential oil obtained by two manner, with GC and GC/MC showed that 2-metheyl Benzoaldehyd(11/37%), α-Pinene (10/03%) ، β-Phellandrene (9/74%) Sabinene(9/04%) E-β-Ocimene(8/90%) octane(8/81%) γ- Terpinen(6/82%) Allo-Ocimene (6/76%) were the main component of the oil obtained with Hydrodistillation.α -Pinene(20/43%), 1 (1-propynyl) cyclohexene(13/52%), sabinene(12/31%), β-Phellandrene (11/49%), E-β-Ocimene (6/76%) were the main component in the oil obtained with head space solid phase micro extraction Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - A Survey of the Merajnameh (Ascension Writing) and Intuitive Itineraries
Qadamali Sarrami Salma SaediThis study focuses on meeraj, and tries to, comparatively; analyze the existing merajnamehs (ascension writings) in Persian literature and translations. The motivation, date, quality, type and the scientific and rational analysis of such a phenomenon by the experts, how MoreThis study focuses on meeraj, and tries to, comparatively; analyze the existing merajnamehs (ascension writings) in Persian literature and translations. The motivation, date, quality, type and the scientific and rational analysis of such a phenomenon by the experts, how meraj (ascension) is reflected in the literary and mystic texts, and the spiritual journey of some Moslem and non-Moslem figures, including Bayazid-e-Bastami, Zarathusrtra, Buddha, Dante, and Milton are emphasized, too. Besides, the following points are also discussed: the characteristics of the heroes of this phenomenon (in terms of their intellectual and spiritual ranks), those who accompany them throughout the journey, its time, place, and those who are met, rewards and punishments and its worldly and spiritual reasons, the intellectual justification of these rewards and punishments, and the final destination of this spiritual journey. Based on their importance, the results achieved have been pointed out at the end. Meraj (ascension) and merajnameh (ascension writing)–which is still being created and realized - in human history is regarded as a combinatory and secondary genre; and, as a literary genre, it has not been analyzed or criticized independently. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Pareto Optimum Design of Heat Exchangers based on the Imperialist Competitive Algorithm: A Case Study
Mohammadjavad Mahmoodabadi Soodeh Zarnegar -
Open Access Article
30 - Characterization of Stress Concentration in Thin Cylindrical Shells with Rectangular Cutout Under Axial Pressure
O. Sam Daliri M. Farahani -
Open Access Article
31 - Evaluation of γ-Al2O3/n-decane Nanofluid Performance in Shell and Tube Heat Recovery Exchanger in a Biomass Heating Plant
Navid Bozorgan Maryam Shafahi -
Open Access Article
32 - Frequency Analysis of Ring-Stiffened Composite Cylindrical Shell using Experimental, Analytical and Finite Element Methods
Hadi Salimi Ali Davar Mohsen Heydari Beni Jafar Eskandari Jam Majid Eskandari Shahraki -
Open Access Article
33 - Analysis of FGM Cylindrical Shell under Impact Loading of Explosion
reza azarafza puya pirali Ali Javadi -
Open Access Article
34 - Magnetic Field Effect on Ferro-Nanofluid Heat Transfer in a Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger with Seven Twisted Oval Tubes
Mansour Talebi Mehran Tabibian -
Open Access Article
35 - Adaptive-PGRP: Routing Algorithm Based on PGRP Algorithm with Adaptive Hello Messages in VANET
Robabeh Ghafouri Vayghan Reza Akbari SefidehIntroduction: In the vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), routing is a challenging issue due to the nodes mobility speed and frequent changes in the network topology. In these networks, geographic routing algorithms are more popular and have attracted more attention. T MoreIntroduction: In the vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), routing is a challenging issue due to the nodes mobility speed and frequent changes in the network topology. In these networks, geographic routing algorithms are more popular and have attracted more attention. The efficiency of geographic routing algorithms depends on the two factors: strategy of choosing the best neighbor and how to manage the mobility of neighbor nodes by the procedure of broadcasting Hello messages. Broadcasting Hello messages leads to the exchange of many control packets and causes the channel saturation and increases the probability of congestion and collision. Method: In this work, with the aim of reducing the control overhead messages, the broadcast rate of Hello messages is adjusted adaptively based on the congestion and link expiration time. By applying the proposed method on the PGRP (Predictive Geographic Routing Protocol) algorithm, the broadcast rate of Hello packets is adjusted according to the network conditions. As a result, routing overhead packets are reduced and service quality in the network is improved. Results: Two groups of experiments have been conducted. In the first group, the aim is to investigate the effect of increasing the number of vehicles. In the second group experiments, the goal is to investigate the nodes speed increasing. The simulation results show that the proposed method improves the performance of the PGRP protocol in different scenarios. It has been shown the proposed method for a different number of vehicles increases the packet delivery ratio on average by 16%; decrease end to end delay on average by 7%; decreases normalized routing overhead by 18% compared to PGRP. Also, it has been shown the proposed method for a varying speed of vehicles increases the packet delivery ratio by 18%; decreases average end to end delay by 5% and decreases the normalized routing overhead by 22% compared to PGRP. Discussion: When the number of vehicles increases, the sources of broadcasting Hello messages increase, and the probability of collision increases. In the proposed method this situation is detected and the broadcast rate of Hello messages reduces. As the same way, when the speed of the nodes is low, the expiration time of links increases, and the proposed method reduces the broadcast of Hello messages to avoid wasting the network resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Vertex Decomposability of Path Complexes Associated to Cycle Graphs
Seyyed Mohammad Ajdani Kamal Ahmadi Asghar MadadiAbstract:Introduction: Monomials are the link between commutative algebra and combinatorics. With a simplicial complex ∆, one can associate two square-free monomial ideals: the Stanley-Reisner ideal I_∆, whose generators correspond to the non-faces of ∆, or the facet id MoreAbstract:Introduction: Monomials are the link between commutative algebra and combinatorics. With a simplicial complex ∆, one can associate two square-free monomial ideals: the Stanley-Reisner ideal I_∆, whose generators correspond to the non-faces of ∆, or the facet ideal I(∆), which is a generalization of edge ideals of graphs and whose generators correspond to the facets of ∆. The facet ideal of a simplicial complex was first introduced by Faridi. Let G be a simple graph. The edge ideal I(G) of a graph G was first considered by R. Villarreal. He studied the algebraic properties of I(G) using a combinatorial language of G.Method: In combinatorial commutative algebra, one can attach a monomial ideal to a combinatorial object. Then this ideal's algebraic properties are studied using the combinatorial properties of the combinatorial object. One of the interesting problems in combinatorial commutative algebra is the vertex decomposability of simplicial complexes, which many researchers study. In this abstract, we recall some definitions which will be needed later. A simplicial complex ∆ over a set of vertices V={x_1, … ,x_n} is a collection of subsets of V , with the property that {x_i }∊∆, for all i and if F∊∆, then all subsets of F are also in ∆ (including the empty set). An element in ∆ is called a face of ∆. The dimension of a face F of ∆, dimF, is |F|-1 where |F| is the number of elements of F. The maximal faces of ∆ under inclusion are called facets of ∆. The dimension of the simplicial complex ∆, dim∆, is the maximum of dimensions of its facets. If all facets of ∆ have the same dimension, then ∆ is called pure. Let Ƒ(∆)={F_1, … , F_q } be the facet set of ∆. It is clear that Ƒ(∆) determines ∆ completely and we write ∆=. Results: Let G be a simple graph, and ∆_t (G) be a simplicial complex whose facets correspond to the paths of length t in G (t≥2). We show that ∆_t (C_n ) is matroid, vertex decomposable, shellable, and Cohen-Macaulay if and only if n=t or n=t+1, where C_n is an n-cycle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Interactions between D1 Dopaminergic Systems Of Nucleus Accumbens Shell and Glutamatergic System Of Prelimbic on Anxiety- Like Behaviors Of Wistar Male Rats
Hatam Ahmadi Parvin Rostami Mohammad Reza Zarrindast Mohammad Nasehi Homa Mohseni KokhesfahaniInroduction and Objective:Nucleus accumbens(NAC), prefrontal cortex(PFC) dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems are involved in regulating anxiety- like behaviors, while NAc dopaminergic system activity is mediated by glutamatergic projections, via PFC.This study has in MoreInroduction and Objective:Nucleus accumbens(NAC), prefrontal cortex(PFC) dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems are involved in regulating anxiety- like behaviors, while NAc dopaminergic system activity is mediated by glutamatergic projections, via PFC.This study has investigated the involvement of NAc shell D1 dopaminergic and prelimbic glutamatergic systems on anxiety- like behaviors.Material and Methods:Elevated plus-maze apparatus was employed to test parameters of anxiety-like behaviors After 5 days surgery of male Wistar rats in a stereotaxic frame ,Elevated plus-maze apparatus was employed for measuring parameters of anxiety-like behaviors due to intrabrain injection of drugsSKF38393(dopamine D1 receptor agonist)SCH23390(dopamine D1 receptor antagonistNMDA(receptor antagonist), D-AP7NMDA receptor antagonist on Wistar male rats.Results: Unilateral intra- prelimbic injection of NMDA (0.9 μg/μl), induced anxiolytic-like behaviors which has been blocked by D-AP7(NMDA receptor antagonist, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 μg/μl). Moreover, unilateral infusion of SKF38393 (dopamine D1 receptor agonist, 3 μg/μl) 0.25, 0.5 and 1μg/μl) into the left NAc shell induced anxiolytic-like behaviors which was blocked by SCH23390 (0.25μg/μl), while, SCH23390 (dopamine D1 receptor antagonistdid not so; Furthermore, intra-NAc shell administration of subthreshold dose of SKF38393 (1 μg/μl) potentiated the lower dose, whereas decreased the higher dose of intra-left prelimbic NMDA response. In addition, the subthreshold dose infusion of SCH23390 (0.25 μg/μl) into the left NAc shell, intra- prelimbic NMDA reduced induced anxiolytic-like behaviors. Conclusion: The results demonstrated a modulatory effect of NAC shell D1 dopaminergic system on anxiolytic-like response by injection in prelimbic NMDA. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - The study Of Mysticism in the works Of Contemporary Orientalists
Hamid Jafari Qariyeh AliThe present study investigates the works of some contemporary orientalists who have conducted broad scientific evidentiary studies on mysticism. As a mediator between Islam and the West, Annemarie Schimmel did extensive studies on mysticism, looking through the lens of MoreThe present study investigates the works of some contemporary orientalists who have conducted broad scientific evidentiary studies on mysticism. As a mediator between Islam and the West, Annemarie Schimmel did extensive studies on mysticism, looking through the lens of a believer and an academician. Hellmut Ritter’s studies on old manuscripts and the collection of Daryaye Jan are an indication of his devotion to and love of Iranian-Islamic mysticism. Fritz Meier revealed the hidden aspects of Baha Valad’s life and released him from being overshadowed by his son, Molana Jalaluddin. A decade of research on the life and thought of Abu-Saeed Abolkheir was his invaluable contribution to mystic studies. The elaborative and refinery studies of theses researchers, along with their exemplary knowledge and scientific courage, introduced to the world a great part of Persian mysticism and literary treasure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Position Of Recognition and Ways to Achieve in the Eyes Of Mullasadra According to the Book Titled Kasrul Asnaam-e-Jahelliah
Ali Ein Aliloo Jabbar MoradiA group of theologians disbelieve in wisdom to be a trustworthy instrument to achieve the desired perfection and exploring different aspects of existence. For using reason and causal evidences, they resort to love and recognition and take these two precious stones that MoreA group of theologians disbelieve in wisdom to be a trustworthy instrument to achieve the desired perfection and exploring different aspects of existence. For using reason and causal evidences, they resort to love and recognition and take these two precious stones that are stemmed from the polished and pleasant heart coming from the life ascetics as their guests. Those theologians who picked out love for wisdom are called mystic. Using the ladder of heart and the two wings of love and recognition, mystics step up to approach the divinity and achieve their real felicity and desired perfection. Mysticism is also misused just like any other ways. Pro mysticism persons have written books and articles to show the true image of the excellent thought under the façade of suspicion and distractions so as to introduce a balanced and non-extremistic way. Mullasadra is an advocate and wayfarer of the mystic journey who wrote the book “Kasrul Asnaam-e-Jahelliah” to reveal the true principles of mysticism and declare the distractors wrong methods. This paper tries to explore the thoughts of this mysticaccordingly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Buckling Analysis of Functionally Graded Shallow Spherical Shells Under External Hydrostatic Pressure
M Hosseini F Karami -
Open Access Article
41 - Temperature Effect on Mechanical Properties of Top Neck Mollusk Shells Nano-Composite by Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Nano-Indentation Experiments
A Nouroozi Masir A Darvizeh A Zajkani -
Open Access Article
42 - Experimental and Numerical Free Vibration Analysis of Hybrid Stiffened Fiber Metal Laminated Circular Cylindrical Shell
A Nazari K Malekzadeh A.A Naderi -
Open Access Article
43 - Size-Dependent Vibration Problem of Two Vertically-Aligned Single-Walled Boron Nitride Nanotubes Conveying Fluid in Thermal Environment Via Nonlocal Strain Gradient Shell Model
P Roodgar Saffari M Fakhraie M. A Roudbari -
Open Access Article
44 - Modelling of Random Geometrical Imperfections and Reliability Calculations for Thin Cylindrical Shell Subjected to Lateral Pressure
N Rathinam B Prabu -
Open Access Article
45 - Non-Linear Response of Torsional Buckling Piezoelectric Cylindrical Shell Reinforced with DWBNNTs Under Combination of Electro-Thermo-Mechanical Loadings in Elastic Foundation
M Sarvandi M.M Najafizadeh H Seyyedhasani -
Open Access Article
46 - Effect of Vertex Angle on Elastic-Plastic Stability of a Steel Open Conical Shell
H Shokrollahi -
Open Access Article
47 - Thermal Buckling Analysis of Porous Conical Shell on Elastic Foundation
M Gheisari M.M Najafizadeh A. R Nezamabadi S Jafari P Yousefi -
Open Access Article
48 - Free Vibration Analysis of Composite Grid Stiffened Cylindrical Shells Using A Generalized Higher Order Theory
H Mohammad Panahiha A Davar M Heydari Beni J Eskandari Jam -
Open Access Article
49 - Study of Torsional Vibrations of Composite Poroelastic Spherical Shell-Biot’s Extension Theory
R Gurijala M Reddy Perati -
Open Access Article
50 - Free Vibration Analysis of Bidirectional Functionally Graded Conical/Cylindrical Shells and Annular Plates on Nonlinear Elastic Foundations, Based on a Unified Differential Transform Analytical Formulation
M Molla-Alipour M Shariyat M Shaban -
Open Access Article
51 - Transient Dynamic Analysis of Grid-Stiffened Composite Conical Shells
M Zamani A Davar M Heydari Beni J Eskandari Jam -
Open Access Article
52 - Nonlinear Vibration of Smart Micro-Tube Conveying Fluid Under Electro-Thermal Fields
A Ghorbanpour Arani E Haghparast S Amir -
Open Access Article
53 - The Buckling of Non-Homogeneous Truncated Conical Shells under a Lateral Pressure and Resting on a Winkler Foundation
A.H Sofiyev A Valiyev P Ozyigit -
Open Access Article
54 - An Efficient Co Finite Element Approach for Bending Analysis of Functionally Graded Ceramic-Metal Skew Shell Panels
G Taj A Chakrabarti -
Open Access Article
55 - Nonlinear Vibration Analysis of the Fluid-Filled Single Walled Carbon Nanotube with the Shell Model Based on the Nonlocal Elacticity Theory
P Soltani R Bahramian J Saberian -
Open Access Article
56 - Comparison of Various Shell Theories for Vibrating Functionally Graded Cylindrical Shells
M Javadinejad -
Open Access Article
57 - Stress Analysis of Rotating Thick Truncated Conical Shells with Variable Thickness under Mechanical and Thermal Loads
M Jabbari M Zamani Nejad M Ghannad -
Open Access Article
58 - Simple Solutions for Buckling of Conical Shells Composed of Functionally Graded Materials
A Lavasani -
Open Access Article
59 - Magneto-Electro-Thermo-Mechanical Response of a Multiferroic Doubly-Curved Nano-Shell
S Razavi -
Open Access Article
60 - Electro-Thermo-Mechanical Vibration Analysis of a Foam-Core Smart Composite Cylindrical Shell Containing Fluid
A Ghorbanpour Arani R Kolahchi -
Open Access Article
61 - Finite Element Analysis of Buckling of Thin Cylindrical Shell Subjected to Uniform External Pressure
B Prabu N Rathinam R Srinivasan K.A.S Naarayen -
Open Access Article
62 - Vibration Analysis of Functionally Graded Spinning Cylindrical Shells Using Higher Order Shear Deformation Theory
M Mehrparvar -
Open Access Article
63 - Comparison of Two Kinds of Functionally Graded Cylindrical Shells with Various Volume Fraction Laws for Vibration Analysis
M.R Isvandzibaei P.J Awasare -
Open Access Article
64 - Free Vibration Analysis of Continuously Graded Fiber Reinforced Truncated Conical Shell Via Third-Order Shear Deformation Theory
M.H Yas M Nejati A Asanjarani -
Open Access Article
65 - Calculation of Natural Frequencies of Bi-Layered Rotating Functionally Graded Cylindrical Shells
I Fakhari Golpayegani -
Open Access Article
66 - Numerical and Experimental Study on Ratcheting Behavior of Steel Cylindrical Shells with/without Cutout Under Cyclic Combined and Axial Loading
M Shariati K Kolasangiani H.R Epakchi H Chavoshan -
Open Access Article
67 - Torsional Stability of Cylindrical Shells with Functionally Graded Middle Layer on the Winkler Elastic Foundation
A.H Sofiyev S Adiguzel -
Open Access Article
68 - Evaluation of Buckling and Post Buckling of Variable Thickness Shell Subjected to External Hydrostatic Pressure
A.R Ghasemi M.H Hajmohammad -
Open Access Article
69 - Influence of Rotation on Vibration Behavior of a Functionally Graded Moderately Thick Cylindrical Nanoshell Considering Initial Hoop Tension
H Safarpour M.M Barooti M Ghadiri -
Open Access Article
70 - Nonlinear Dynamic Buckling of Viscous-Fluid-Conveying PNC Cylindrical Shells with Core Resting on Visco-Pasternak Medium
A Ghorbanpour Arani A.A Mosallaie Barzoki R Kolahchi -
Open Access Article
71 - Buckling of Piezoelectric Composite Cylindrical Shell Under Electro-thermo-mechanical Loading
A Ghorbanpour Arani S Shams S Amir M.J Maboudi -
Open Access Article
72 - Elastic Buckling Analysis of Ring and Stringer-stiffened Cylindrical Shells under General Pressure and Axial Compression via the Ritz Method
A Ghorbanpour Arani A Loghman A.A Mosallaie Barzoki R Kolahchi -
Open Access Article
73 - Axisymmetric Buckling Analysis of Porous Truncated Conical Shell Subjected to Axial Load
M Zarghami Dehaghani M Jabbari -
Open Access Article
74 - On the Magneto-Thermo-Elastic Behavior of a Functionally Graded Cylindrical Shell with Pyroelectric Layers Featuring Interlaminar Bonding Imperfections Rested in an Elastic Foundation
M Saadatfar M Aghaie-Khafri -
Open Access Article
75 - Third Order Formulation for Vibrating Non-Homogeneous Cylindrical Shells in Elastic Medium
M Gheisari H Molatefi S.S Ahmadi -
Open Access Article
76 - Influence of the Elastic Foundation on the Free Vibration and Buckling of Thin-Walled Piezoelectric-Based FGM Cylindrical Shells Under Combined Loadings
M Mohammadimehr M Moradi A Loghman -
Open Access Article
77 - First-Order Formulation for Functionally Graded Stiffened Cylindrical Shells Under Axial Compression
A Hasani -
Open Access Article
78 - Transient Nonlinear Vibration of Randomly Excited Cylindrical Shallow Panels in Non Aging Viscous Medium
A Asnafi -
Open Access Article
79 - Weight Optimum Design of Pressurized and Axially Loaded Stiffened Conical Shells to Prevent Stress and Buckling Failures
M Talebitooti M Fadaee M.H Seyyedsharbati M.M Shojaee -
Open Access Article
80 - Thermoelastic Analysis of Rotating Thick Truncated Conical Shells Subjected to Non-Uniform Pressure
M Jabbari M Zamani Nejad M Ghannad -
Open Access Article
81 - Free Vibration Analysis of Microtubules as Orthotropic Elastic Shells Using Stress and Strain Gradient Elasticity Theory
F Mokhtari Y Tadi Beni -
Open Access Article
82 - Free Vibration of Functionally Graded Cylindrical Shell Panel With and Without a Cutout
k.S Sai Ram K Pratyusha P Kiranmayi -
Open Access Article
83 - Dynamic Behavior of Anisotropic Protein Microtubules Immersed in Cytosol Via Cooper–Naghdi Thick Shell Theory
M.R Ghorbanpour Arani Z Khoddami Maraghi E Haghparast -
Open Access Article
84 - Analyzing Frequency of Conical (∆ shaped) Tanks
F Saljughi -
Open Access Article
85 - Buckling Study of Thin Tank Filled with Heterogeneous Liquid
J El Bahaoui H Essaouini L El Bakkali -
Open Access Article
86 - Coupled Vibration of Partially Fluid-Filled Laminated Composite Cylindrical Shells
M.R Saviz -
Open Access Article
87 - Non-Linear Analysis of Asymmetrical Eccentrically Stiffened FGM Cylindrical Shells with Non-Linear Elastic Foundation
A.R Shaterzadeh K Foroutan -
Open Access Article
88 - An Investigation of Stress and Deformation States of Rotating Thick Truncated Conical Shells of Functionally Graded Material
A Thawait L Sondhi Sh Bhowmick Sh Sanyal -
Open Access Article
89 - Investigation the Role of Green Roof and Walls in the Thermal Performance of Urban Buildings based on Sustainable Architecture (A Case Study in Mashhad-Iran)
sara atashi golestan Mahmoud Golabchi -
Open Access Article
90 - Employment of the magnetic nano-catalyst Fe3O4@SiO2@CS@ PO(OH)2/Cu(II) for the amination of alcohols
Farzaneh Ebrahimzadeh -
Open Access Article
91 - Effect of ZnS shell on optical properties of Ni-doped ZnSe nanocrystals
Ehsan Soheyli Gholamreza Nabiyouni Reza Sahraei -
Open Access Article
92 - Preparation of polyethersulfone membrane coated by a nanocomposite structure
Farhad Heidary -
Open Access Article
93 - Optimizing the cost of asphalt road pavement using particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) and compare it with the Shell method
Mansour Tohidi Navid Khayat Abdoulrasoul Telvari -
Open Access Article
94 - The study of the use of Anodonta Cygnea oyster as an indicator of cadmium in anzali lagoon
farzin sayadghorbani shirinMolluscs , especially bivalves because of benthos grabs and capability benthos. high ability to absorb organic matter and heavy metals in the soft tissues of your body as well as their gills. In many studies evaluating the distribution and concentration of heavy metals. MoreMolluscs , especially bivalves because of benthos grabs and capability benthos. high ability to absorb organic matter and heavy metals in the soft tissues of your body as well as their gills. In many studies evaluating the distribution and concentration of heavy metals.analysis of the skin and soft tissue utilizes seashells.in this study , the concentration of cadmium in the soft tissue of mussels Anodonta Cygnea anzali wetland in the western part(of abkenar) was measured using atomic absorption.the results showed that the concentration of cadmium in the soft tissue of mussels average 0.15 µg/g dry weight.it also compares the findings with the standards EPA ,the average concentration in the Caspian sea , the earths crust , stream sediments and measured values in wetland sediments showed that the concentration of cadmium.in the soft tissue of mussels was below the standard.bioaccumulation factor for fish in the region less than 1 are obtained which indicates a lack of tissue accumulation of cadmium in high levels in oysters.given the small amounts of cadmium accumulation in the shellfish mainly due to the comparison with the calculated values in other studies. The western part of the lagoon that has been sampled at least pollution.it can be concluded that soft tissue of mussels Anodonta Cygnea.has the ability to reduce concentration of heavy elements and therefore it is not possible to monitor the concentration and distribution of heavy metals,especially cadmium used in the wetland Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Security in the Internet of Things (IoT): A review of the status, challenges and future issues )
Alireza Zamani -
Open Access Article
96 - Heat Transfer Simulation in the Heat Exchanger U-Tube
فرامرز ملکی مقدم احد عابدینیHeat transfer used is one of the most important and applicable natural phenomenon. Heat exchangers are the must applicable member in the chemical process and we can consider them in lots of industrial units. That provided the hat energy transfer between two or several f MoreHeat transfer used is one of the most important and applicable natural phenomenon. Heat exchangers are the must applicable member in the chemical process and we can consider them in lots of industrial units. That provided the hat energy transfer between two or several fluid with different temperature. This operation can be done between liquid – liquid, gas - gas and gas - liquid. Heat exchanger will be used in order to cooling hot fluid and heating fluid with lower temperature or both of them. Many industries are acting in design kind of heat exchanger and many field with difference names in heat exchangers design are submitted by college and university. In this dissertation, heat transfer of heat exchanger shell and tube is simulated that it is U figure and the geometric of heat exchanger has been plotted and are meshed in GAMBIT software then are analyze in ANSYS FLUENT software. Finally the obtained answers are compare with designer is answers that have obtained in ASPEN software. The flow kind has been three-dimensional and turbulence that it has been used of turbulence model kω-sst. That should be noted the heat exchanger has been simulated by single phase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Wave Scroll Motif: Trace of Ancient Greek Art in Oriental Rural and Nomadic Carpets
Sara Moslehi Bahman Firoozmandi Arman ShishegarThe wave scroll motif is among the designs that, nowadays, are mainly seen in rural and nomadic carpets in a wide geographical area, from Central Asia to Anatolia and the Caucasus, as well as Iran. Historically, this motif originates from Hellenistic art and is still us MoreThe wave scroll motif is among the designs that, nowadays, are mainly seen in rural and nomadic carpets in a wide geographical area, from Central Asia to Anatolia and the Caucasus, as well as Iran. Historically, this motif originates from Hellenistic art and is still used in oriental carpets today. The purpose of this article is to find out how and the possible time of the arrival of this pattern from Greek art to Iranian carpets using archaeological evidence, including old museum carpets. Using valuable motifs of Sassanian Carpets, this article tracks the transfer of this motif from the Hellenic-Byzantine civilization to the art of pre-Islamic Iran and in various artistic disciplines such as pottery and textiles to clarify this motif’s long journey from pre-Islamic art to the Islamic period. This study shows that the motif was most likely known since the Seleucid period in the Persianate world, but the most evidence of it can be seen in the art of the Parthian and Sasanian periods, furthermore the findings show that this motif was used at least from late Parthian era on the border of hand-made textiles like carpets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Neural Prediction of Buckling Capacity of Stiffened Cylindrical Shells
Mehran Seyed Razzaghi N. Rahmani -
Open Access Article
99 - Buckling of Stiffened Thin-Walled Cylindrical Shells under Axial Compression with Symmetrical Imperfections
Armin A.NobakhtNamin -
Open Access Article
100 - Buckling of Cylindrical Steel Shells with Random Imperfections due to Global Shear
Nima Rahmani Mehran S. Razzaghi Mahmoud Hosseini -
Open Access Article
101 - Modeling a Kinetic Smart Shell to Optimize Daylight in a Hot and Semi-Arid Climate (Inspired by the Movement Algorithm of Carnivorous Plant)
Zahra Yarmahmoodi Tahereh Nasr Hamed MoztarzadehAim: Today, with the advancement of technology, buildings have mechanical systems of heating, cooling, etc., which have increased energy consumption. Therefore, to solve this problem, it is suggested to design buildings sustainably. In addition, with the updating of tec MoreAim: Today, with the advancement of technology, buildings have mechanical systems of heating, cooling, etc., which have increased energy consumption. Therefore, to solve this problem, it is suggested to design buildings sustainably. In addition, with the updating of technology, the construction of sustainable buildings has become important, and after that, new concepts of smart buildings have been proposed. Architecture that is designed based on fixed parameters does not react to external factors. Therefore, to reach a responsive architecture, these parameters must be changeable. Non-intelligent buildings cannot change with the path of the sun, wind changes, etc., and this creates a separation between the building and the surrounding environment. Therefore, today there is a need for buildings that adapt to changes in the external environment and learn to adapt using the information given. Also, when the systems achieve adaptability, they have a dynamic character and can respond to external factors, which ultimately increases the system's efficiency.Nature, which has one of the best responsive systems, can be a good model for providing a solution to this problem. The building facade communicates between the interior and the exterior of the building; Therefore, factors such as ventilation, light, cooling, heating, etc. of the building depend on a façade’s performance. Therefore, a facade design which has responsive to external factors can be very important to achieve a green building. In addition, with the correct design of a facade, energy consumption can be reduced and interior space can be provided for the comfort of the residents, which is one of the main goals of building design. Nature itself is made up of different parts which include: human, animal, plant form, and inanimate nature, and also the building has different parts that in this research to limit the title, from nature, the category of plants, and the building, a facade selected for research. The focus of the research is on providing solutions that bring compatibility between architecture and the environment, and finally, the ultimate goal is to provide new and innovative solutions for designing smart facades in buildings. Considering that plants are fixed like buildings with their roots in place, they need to react to external factors, and this reaction is realized with specific movements. In this sense, the plant is very similar to the building that is sewn to the ground and must protect itself from rain, storm, wind, light, etc. For this reason, the current research has investigated a type of plant with an opening and closing movement mechanism to make the facade of the building more intelligent so that a facade can adapt to the outside environment and protect the interior of the building.Finally, with the investigations, the carnivorous plant was chosen as the source of inspiration for this research, and the kinetic algorithm of the plant was analyzed. Because this plant reacts quickly in proximity to the surrounding environment and has a unique movement mechanism. Also, today it has been the attention of researchers from a behavioral point of view. The present research is hybrid and based on theoretical research, concepts, definitions, topics and gathering information from the compatible plant and presenting a program to convert the data related to the plant into the kinetic algorithm of the intelligent shell of the building facade. As a result, an idea to provide a solution with the combination of biology and technology for the climate adaptation of the building shell with the surrounding environment has been proposed, inspired by the adaptation of the plant to the surrounding environment.Method: The research method is modeling-simulation. In this way, the kinetic shell is modeled in Rhino 6 software and Grasshopper plugin and Radiance analysis due to sunlight hitting the shell is obtained by Ladybug plugin. The Daylight simulation is obtained by Honeybee plugin. Shiraz climate data is obtained from Energy Plus softwareResult: The results show that the kinetic shell, inspired by the carnivorous plant's kinetic algorithm is dynamic and adaptable and has the ability to control Radiant analysis and reduce the entry of Daylight up to 30% in the hot seasons of the year. Therefore, the kinetic shell modeled in the current research has a good performance in Shiraz climate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Fracture analysis of conical shells containing an internal semi-elliptical crack
C. Burvill M.M. Kheirikhah S. Omidi S. Gohari -
Open Access Article
103 - A study on the diet of Barbus luteus in the Dalaki and Helle Rivers
A.R. Pazira S. VatandostAt the caught period 765 of Barbus luteus at the Dalaki and 891 at the Helle Rivers were caught, so alimentary tract of fishes were investigated. Maximum and minimum of total length of fish was 350 and 45 mm respectively. Ratio of intestine length to total length (RLG) MoreAt the caught period 765 of Barbus luteus at the Dalaki and 891 at the Helle Rivers were caught, so alimentary tract of fishes were investigated. Maximum and minimum of total length of fish was 350 and 45 mm respectively. Ratio of intestine length to total length (RLG) was 4 for one year old and 2.2 for 5 years old. Ephemeroptera was the most frequent in food item in the Dalaki River but Barbus luteus prefer Plecoptera and Odonata in both Dalaki and Helle rivers. Results showed that this fish has omnivores diet. Biodiversity of macrobentose in the Dalaki River was more than Helle River and in the spring and summer was more than the other times. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Reason of the Wisdom (Dalile Aaqhl) and its Status on the Deductive Manner of Mohaghegh Helli
mohammad mousa motalebi hassan jamshidiGiven the importance of the reason of wisdom (Dalile Aghl) in inferring legal rulings, especially in new issue, examining the reason of wisdom would help a better use of the reason of wisdom. Examining the deductive manner of Mohaghegh Helli as an influential jurist in MoreGiven the importance of the reason of wisdom (Dalile Aghl) in inferring legal rulings, especially in new issue, examining the reason of wisdom would help a better use of the reason of wisdom. Examining the deductive manner of Mohaghegh Helli as an influential jurist in development of jurisprudence is befitting and praiseworthy in proving this issue. For this purpose, his discursive and theological (Usuli) legal texts have been examined on the basis of content analysis method and his legal judgments have been examined one by one. The results of the research indicate that Mohaghegh Helli has used the reason of wisdom for proving the necessity of the book (Quran) and tradition obedience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - A comparative study of bacterial agents in eggs, with or without eggshell's contamination that produced in Tabriz.
منصور Khakpoor مجتبی BozorgniaZoonotic bacterial diseases are considered as the most important human infectious diseases. In this category, a disease that transfer and infect human through food has an special role. Among foods with animal origin, eggs due to their application as food ingredient in f MoreZoonotic bacterial diseases are considered as the most important human infectious diseases. In this category, a disease that transfer and infect human through food has an special role. Among foods with animal origin, eggs due to their application as food ingredient in food products, like sauces, spices, ice creams and other food products that may use in half cooked or crude forms, always has the potential to transfer microbial pathogens to human. This study is about to prove that presence of remainder feces on eggshells leads the penetration of bacterial agents into egg yolk. A total of 120 daily egg samples (with and without fecal contamination) were collected from henneries around Tabriz and transferred immediately to microbiology laboratory. After performing microbial examinations (using BHI Broth, BHI Agar, Blood Agar, Selenite F, Tetrationate, XLD,SS Agar),Gram Staining, Oxidase and Catalase tests, bacteria of eggshells and egg yolks has been identified. Out of 120 eggs, 15.83% bacterial contaminants were found in egg yolks samples. Among them, 73.68% were gram negative and 26.31% were gram positive. Among gram negatives, Pseudomonas with occurrence of 8.3% and in gram positives group, Bacillus with abundance of 4.16% were the most frequent bacterias. Also in samples collected from eggshells, 99.16% of the eggs demonstrated bacterial contamination which 23.55% of positive samples were among gram negative group and 76.44% were gram positive. The most contribution of eggshell gram negative bacterias were relevant to Pseudomonas, E.coli, Proteus and Citrobacter with respectively 18.33%,10.83%,5.83% and 4.16% rations. Among gram positive bacteria that isolates form eggshell samples for the most frequent bacterias, were Bacillus, Staphylococccus, Streptococcus, Rhodococcus and Micrococcus with respectively 80.00%, 34.16%, 15%, 9.16% and 7.5% rations. Use and consumption of eggs with shells contaminated with faces in food products is a serious risk factor for human health and can lead to zoonotic bacterial diseases by transferring bacterial pathogens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Fluence and wavelength optimization of pulsed laser in photothermal therapy
Rasoul Malekfar Neda Amjadi -
Open Access Article
107 - From egg shell wastes (ESWs) into advanced materials: A rapid and simple synthesis of CaO/Ca2Fe2O5 as a novel nanocomposite-derived ESW biomaterial
Asadollah Hassankhani -
Open Access Article
108 - Investigation of Influence External Pressures on Vibration of Thin-Walled Cylindrical Shell Supported Composed of Functionally Graded Materials
Mohammad Reza Isvandzibaei -
Open Access Article
109 - Nonlinear bucking analysis of Polystyrene, Polyvinyl chloride, and Polypropylene cylindrical nano-composite shells reinforced by carbon nanotubes based on micro-mechanics and finite element methods
Reza Hosseini-Ara Mohsen Akbari -
Open Access Article
110 - Effect of Material Gradient on Stresses of FGM Rotating Thick-Walled Cylindrical Pressure Vessel with Longitudinal Variation of Properties under Non-uniform Internal and External Pressure
Mehdi Jabbari Mohammad Zamani Nejad Mehdi Ghannad -
Open Access Article
111 - Effects of Power-Law Distribution and Exponential with Uniform Pressures on Vibration Behavior of Reinforced Cylindrical Shell Made of Functionally Graded Materials under Symmetric Boundary Conditions
Mohammad Reza Isvandzibaei -
Open Access Article
112 - Schiff base functionalized Fe3O4@Boehmite Core-Shell Nano-Particles to Support MoO2(acac)2 for Catalytic Epoxidation of Alkenes
Mahdi Mirzaee Bahram Bahramian Mohadeseh Hematian -
Open Access Article
113 - Influence of Power Law Distribution with Pressure on the Frequencies of Supported Functionally Graded Material Cylindrical Shell with C-SL and F-SS Boundary Conditions
Mohammad Reza Isvandzibaei -
Open Access Article
114 - Synthesis of Fe3O4/Eggshell and egg membrane Nanocomposite and Application for Adsorption of Cationic and Anionic Dyes
Naereh Besharati nina alizadeh -
Open Access Article
115 - Synthesize and characterization of hollow and core/shell based on CeO2 as a alcohol sensor
zahra rasouli Mohammad Yousefi Susan Samadi Khadijeh Kalateh Maryam Torbati -
Open Access Article
116 - A theoretical study of the influence of solvent polarity on the structure and spectral properties in the interaction of C20 and Si2H2
Reza Ghiasi S Jamehbozorgi Z KazemiIn this investigation, the interaction of C20 and disilyne (Si2H2) fragment was explored in the M062X/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory in gas solution phases. The interaction energy was obtained with standard method were corrected by basis set superposition error (BSSE) du MoreIn this investigation, the interaction of C20 and disilyne (Si2H2) fragment was explored in the M062X/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory in gas solution phases. The interaction energy was obtained with standard method were corrected by basis set superposition error (BSSE) during the geometry optimization for all molecules at the same levels of theory. Also, the bonding interaction between the C20 and Si2H2 fragment has been analyzed by means of the energy decomposition analysis (EDA). The results obtained from these calculations reveal interaction between C20 and disilyne (Si2H2) increases in the presence of more polar solvents. There are good correlations between these parameters and dielectric constants of solvents. The wavenumbers of IR-active symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibrations of Si-H groups and 29Si NMR chemical shift values in different solvents were correlated with the Kirkwood–Bauer–Magat equation (KBM). our calculations showed the good relationship between chemical shift values of 29Si NMR, IR-active symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibrations of Si-H groups and KBM solvent parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Application of ZnO/TiO2 Nanocomposite for the Improvement of Heat Transfer Coefficient in Tube Heat Exchangers
M Yousefifar Mohamad Mahdi Zerafat S. Sabbaghi -
Open Access Article
118 - Synthesis of Fe3O4/Eggshell and egg membrane Nanocomposite and Application for Adsorption of Cationic and Anionic Dyes
Naereh Besharati Nina Alizadeh -
Open Access Article
119 - Synthesize and Characterization of Hollow and Core/Shell Based on CeO2 as a Alcohol Sensor
Zahra Rasouli Mohammad Yousefi Susan Samadi Khadijeh Kalateh Maryam Bikhof Torbati -
Open Access Article
120 - Experimental and FEM Analysis of Ribs Defects on Composite Lattice Cylindrical Shells
Amin Kolahdooz Seyyed Ali Latifi Rostami -
Open Access Article
121 - Numerical Analysis of Delamination Buckling in Composite Cylindrical Shell under Uniform External Pressure: Cohesive Element Method
Sayed Ali Sajjady Saeed Rahnama Mohammad Lotfi Reza Nosouhi -
Open Access Article
122 - The Study of Effects of Egg Shell Powder on The Attributes of Fresh Concrete and Hard set
Afshin Amiri Abdolkarim Abbasi Dezfooli Nowadays in most parts of the world, the technology for achieving the concrete with a higher durability has been revolutionized. The usage of the Pozzolan and other additives for this end, has become a common thing in the industry for the past f More Nowadays in most parts of the world, the technology for achieving the concrete with a higher durability has been revolutionized. The usage of the Pozzolan and other additives for this end, has become a common thing in the industry for the past few years. First, the Pozzolan being rather fine and second, its reaction to the Calcium Hydroxide existing in the concrete, are the two factors causing the reduction of the porosity of the concrete and its penetrability and also increasing its durability. This study investigates the effects of egg shell powder on the mechanical attributes of the concrete. In addition, the study attempts to find the optimized percent of the powder in order to reach a higher strength as well as experiments including the percentage of water absorption, the specific weight of the concrete, resistance test –indicating corrosion and permeability- and compressive test on the 15cm cube samples. The samples were prepared by 0%, 10 and 20% egg shell as cement replacement and were tested on 3, 7 and 28 days ones. The normal mixes of concrete were used. The result of the test shows that the samples with 10% replacement have a slump loss by 12%, increasing concrete strength by 1%, reducing in water absorption as 21%, increasing 2% in the specific density, and increasing electric resistance of 90% in comparison with control specimens (0%). The findings indicated the suitability of the egg shell as a waste material and as a replacement of cement in terms of quality and environmental pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - An efficient and simple method for synthesis of aldazines using Eggshell waste as environmentally friendly catalyst
Bushra Samer Ahmed H Alost Alosta Najeep Maglas Abdurazuaq Alshami -
Open Access Article
124 - ارزیابی ترکیبات شیمیایی و املاح موجود در پوسته میوه Cucurbita pepo L
اولیفونسو آدینی آنه آدامBackground & Aim: The leaves, fruit pulp and seeds of Cucurbita pepo are widely consumed as vegetables, and as food additives. They are used as condiments in some part of the country and also for their medicinal properties. This study, however investigated the fruit MoreBackground & Aim: The leaves, fruit pulp and seeds of Cucurbita pepo are widely consumed as vegetables, and as food additives. They are used as condiments in some part of the country and also for their medicinal properties. This study, however investigated the fruit shell of Cucurbita pepo for its proximate and mineral composition using standard analytical methods. Experimental: The fruit shell was separated from the pulp and seeds, washed, dried and homogenized. Proximate composition was determined using standard procedures; the sample was later digested with concentrated nitric acid and perchloric acid for mineral analysis. Results: The proximate composition showed that the fruit shell is rich in carbohydrates (44.60±0.06%) and crude fiber (28.53±0.08%). Protein, ash, moisture and fat were also present in considerable amounts. Minerals such as Na, K, P, Cu, Mg, Fe, Ca and Mn were present at varying concentrations while Zn and Cr were not detected. Findings from this study which correlate with previous works show that C. pepo fruit shell is a natural repository of nutrients which play a range of important roles in different metabolisms of the body. Recommended applications/industries: The results showed that C. pepo fruit shell is nutritious and can be used in formulating feed for livestocks, hence its disposal should be discouraged. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - نگرش زبان آموزان ایرانی نسبت به یادگیری مستقل زبان انگلیسی از طریق اپلیکیشن تلفن همراه 'هلوتاک'
علی صادقی عزیزه چالاکاین پژوهش به بررسی نگرش زبان آموزان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی متوسط نسبت به استفاده از اپلیکیشن هلوتاک برای بهبود توانایی یادگیری مستقل آنها پرداخته است. علاوه بر هدف اولیه پژوهش نگرش کارشناسان و فراگیران نسبت به استفاده از برنامه مورد توجه قرار گرفت. این پژوهش از نوع نیمه تج Moreاین پژوهش به بررسی نگرش زبان آموزان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی متوسط نسبت به استفاده از اپلیکیشن هلوتاک برای بهبود توانایی یادگیری مستقل آنها پرداخته است. علاوه بر هدف اولیه پژوهش نگرش کارشناسان و فراگیران نسبت به استفاده از برنامه مورد توجه قرار گرفت. این پژوهش از نوع نیمه تجربی بوده. بدین منظور ۵۴ زبان آموز زبان انگلیسی سطح متوسط از موسسه زبان فرگویان اصفهان (ایران) انتخاب شدند. آنها پرسشنامه تی ای ام برای به دست آوردن نتایج بهتر در مورد نگرش کارشناسان و زبان آموزان نسبت به استفاده از برنامه دریافت کردند. شایان ذکر است برای پی بردن به عوامل بیرونی و درونی دخیل در این نوع یادگیری (یادگیری به کمک تلفن همراه) از مصاحبه برگرفته از پرسشنامه استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد استفاده از اپلیکیشن هلوتاک تأثیر مثبت و معناداری بر خودمختاری (استقلال) زبان آموزان سطح متوسط انگلیسی ایرانی دارد. علاوه بر نتیجه فوق، کارشناسان و زبان آموزان نگرش مثبتی نسبت به استفاده از برنامه داشتند. این مطالعه میتواند برای زبانآموزانی که شایستگی کافی دارند، اما نمیدانند چگونه از طریق اپلیکیشنهای موبایل مستقل باشند، مثمر ثمر باشد، و همچنین ممکن است نگرش یا بینشی در مورد اینکه چگونه ابزارهای فناوری و برنامههای کامپیوتری میتوانند آموزش و یادگیری زبان انگلیسی را تسهیل کنند، پدید آورد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Snail shell as a natural and highly efficient catalyst for the synthesis of imidazole derivatives
Zakaria Benzekribe Houda Serrar Abdelkebir Zarguil Said Boukhris Abdelaziz Souizi -
Open Access Article
127 - Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles: An efficient, green and magnetically reusable catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of 14-aryl-14H-dibenzo[a,i]xanthene-8,13-dione derivatives
Mohammad Ali Ghasemzadeh Mina Azimi-Nasrabad Javad Safaei-Ghomi -
Open Access Article
128 - Eggshell-supported-Cu(II) salophen complex: An efficient and green catalyst for synthesis of propargylamines under solvent-free conditions
Mohammad Bakherad Ali Keivanloo Amir Hossein Amin Raheleh Doosti Ommolbanin Hoseini -
Open Access Article
129 - Hazelnut shell as a valuable bio-waste support for green synthesis of Ag NPs using Origanum vulgare leaf extract: Catalytic activity for reduction of methyl orange and Congo red
Bahar Khodadadi -
Open Access Article
130 - Nano-peanut shell-OSO3H: Green and natural-based renewable nanocatalyst for one-pot synthesis of dihydropyrano[3,2-b]chromenedione derivatives
Bahareh Sadeghi Zahra Lasemi Mansooreh Pisheh Abadi -
Open Access Article
131 - Eggshell: A green and efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of pyrano[3,2-c]quinoline
Leila Youseftabar-Miri Fatemeh Akbari Farshid Ghraghsahar -
Open Access Article
132 - Effect of Replacing Bone Ash with Eggshell Meal on Nutrient Digestibility and Blood Parameters of Broiler Chickens
S.E. Alu -
Open Access Article
133 - The Effects of Dietary Calcium Sources and Vitamin D3 on Egg Quality and Performance in Laying Hens
A. Safamehr S. Hedatyati M.H. Shahir -
Open Access Article
134 - اثر عصاره آبی الکلی کاسبرگ و برگ چای ترش بر عملکرد، کیفیت تخم مرغ، سامانه ایمنی و تعادل اکسیدانی مرغ های تخمگذار
ش. ثابت سروستانی س.م. حسینی س.ه. فرهنگ فراین آزمایش با هدف بررسی اثر عصاره آبی-الکلی گیاه چای ترش، بر عملکرد، کیفیت تخم­ مرغ، سامانه ایمنی و تعادل اکسیدانی مرغ­ های تخمگذار در طول شرایط محیطی خنثی طراحی شد. 200 قطعه مرغ تخم­گذار سویه های-لاین W-36 (در سن 23 هفتگی) به صورت پنج تیمار آزمایشی با چهار Moreاین آزمایش با هدف بررسی اثر عصاره آبی-الکلی گیاه چای ترش، بر عملکرد، کیفیت تخم­ مرغ، سامانه ایمنی و تعادل اکسیدانی مرغ­ های تخمگذار در طول شرایط محیطی خنثی طراحی شد. 200 قطعه مرغ تخم­گذار سویه های-لاین W-36 (در سن 23 هفتگی) به صورت پنج تیمار آزمایشی با چهار تکرار و 10 پرنده در هر تکرار تقسیم شدند. پرندگان تیمار یک با جیره بر پایه ذرت-سویا بدون عصاره تغذیه شدند، در حالیکه، تیمارهای دو و سه به ترتیب، 300 و 700 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم عصاره برگ (HSLE) و تیمارهای چهار و پنج به ترتیب، 300 و 700 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم عصاره کاسبرگ­ (HSLE) چای ترش را دریافت کردند. داده­ های عملکرد شامل تولید تخم ­مرغ، مصرف خوراک، توده تخم­ مرغ تولیدی و ضریب تبدیل خوراک به طور هفتگی ثبت شدند. شاخص­ های کیفیت تخم ­مرغ در هر 28 روز از دوره آزمایش مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. از هر تکرار دو پرنده انتخاب و برای تعیین سامانه ایمنی و MDA پلاسما خون­گیری شد. همچنین از دو زرده تخم ­مرغ در هر تکرار برای بررسی MDA، کلسترول و تریگلیسرید زرده استفاده شد. مقایسه نتایج نشان داد، HSCE در سطح 700 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم نسبت به گروه شاهد میزان تخمگذاری را در زمان اوج تولید (P<0.05) تا 8 درصد افزایش داد. با این حال، تعادل اکسیدانی و عملکرد ایمنی بین گروه­های آزمایشی متفاوت نبود. مقاومت پوسته، ضخامت پوسته، وزن پوسته و شاخص شکل تخم ­مرغ به وسیله تیمارها تحت تأثیر قرار گرفتند (P<0.05). مرغ­های دریافت­کننده 700 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم HSLE نسبت به گروه شاهد (44.74 در برابر 47.67) به ­طور معنی­ داری کلسترول زرده را کاهش دادند (P<0.05). نتایج نشان داد که چای ترش می­ تواند در طول دوره اوج تولید، عملکرد تخمگذاری و ویژگی ­های کیفی تخم ­مرغ را بهبود بخشد و کلسترول زرده تخم ­مرغ را کاهش دهد. اثرات سودمند چای ترش بایستی در شرایط تولید تجاری بیشتر مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - The Impact of Bentonite Feed Additives on Laying Hens Performance and Egg Quality: A Meta Analysis
A. Darmawan E. Ozturk -
Open Access Article
136 - اثر سطوح مختلف کنجاله آفتابگردان و نیاسین بر عملکرد، پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی، وضعیت آنتیاکسیدانی و کلسترول زرده مرغهای تخمگذار
پ. باغبان-کنعانی ح. جانمحمدی ع.ر. استادرحیمیاین آزمایش به منظور بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف کنجاله آفتابگردان و نیاسین بر عملکرد، پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی، وضعیت آنتیاکسیدانی و کلسترول زرده تخم ­مرغ مرغان تخمگذار انجام گردید. تعداد 960 قطعه مرغ تخمگذار لگهورن سویه تجاری های-لاین W-36 به طور تصادفی در قالب 12 جیره غذای Moreاین آزمایش به منظور بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف کنجاله آفتابگردان و نیاسین بر عملکرد، پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی، وضعیت آنتیاکسیدانی و کلسترول زرده تخم ­مرغ مرغان تخمگذار انجام گردید. تعداد 960 قطعه مرغ تخمگذار لگهورن سویه تجاری های-لاین W-36 به طور تصادفی در قالب 12 جیره غذایی آزمایشی، 8 تکرار و در هر تکرار از 10 قطعه مرغ به عنوان واحد آزمایشی استفاده گردید. روش آزمایش به ­صورت فاکتوریل 3 × 4 در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی شامل 3 سطح کنجاله آفتابگردان (0، 10 و 15 درصد) و 4 سطح نیاسین (0، 175، 225 و 275 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم) به مدت 10 هفته بود. خوراک مصرفی تحت تأثیر کنجاله آفتابگردان، نیاسین و اثر متقابل نیاسین و کنجاله آفتابگردان قرار نگرفت (05/0<P). تولید تخم ­مرغ، وزن تخم­ مرغ و توده تخم­ مرغ در مرغان تغذیه شده با سطح 15 درصد کنجاله آفتابگردان کاهش یافت (05/0>P). هر چند افزودن سطح 275 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم نیاسین موجب افزایش تولید تخم ­مرغ و توده تخم­ مرغ گردید (05/0>P). وزن تخم ­مرغ تحت تأثیر سطوح مختلف نیاسین قرار نگرفت (05/0>P). ضریب تبدیل خوراک تحت تأثیر سطوح مختلف کنجاله آفتابگردان قرار گرفت (05/0>P)، اما تحت تأثیر سطوح مختلف نیاسین و اثر متقابل نیاسین و کنجاله آفتابگردان قرار نگرفت (05/0<P). در حقیقت، سطح 15 درصد کنجاله آفتابگردان ضریب تبدیل خوراک را از 12/2 به 14/2 افزایش داد (05/0>P). بجز ضخامت پوسته، سایر پارامترهای کیفی تخم ­مرغ تحت تأثیر سطوح مختلف نیاسین قرار نگرفت (05/0<P). مکمل­سازی جیره غذایی با 15 درصد کنجاله آفتابگردان منجر به کاهش ضخامت پوسته از 29/0 به 28/0 گردید (05/0>P). سطح 275 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم نیاسین تأثیر معنی­داری بر استحکام پوسته تخم ­مرغ داشت (05/0>P). کلسترول زرده تخم ­مرغ به میزان قابل توجهی تحت تأثیر کنجاله آفتابگردان و نیاسین قرار گرفت (05/0>P). همچنین داده­های حاصل از این آزمایش نشان داد که غلظت آلانین آمینوترانسفراز، آسپارتات آمینوترانسفراز و تری ­گلیسیرید سرم تحت تأثیر کنجاله آفتابگردان، نیاسین و اثرات متقابل این دو قرار نگرفت (05/0<P). اما کلسترول سرم تحت تأثیر سطوح مختلف کنجاله آفتابگردان، نیاسین و اثرات متقابل این دو قرار گرفت (05/0>P). جیره­های آزمایشی خصوصیات آنتی­اکسیدانی سرم را تحت تأثیر قرار ندادند (05/0<P) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - The spiritual journey of Sanai and Abolalla
mahdi SalmaniThe characteristics of human beings for creating imaginations and the attempt for escaping from worldly limitations led him to think paranormally. The manifestation of this thinking is a form of literature which is called spiritual itinerary or itinerary to another worl MoreThe characteristics of human beings for creating imaginations and the attempt for escaping from worldly limitations led him to think paranormally. The manifestation of this thinking is a form of literature which is called spiritual itinerary or itinerary to another world. This literature is very noticeable in world and every culture has some types of it. There are some masterpieces in this style in the Islamic literature which somehow reflected in European literature and affect it. Just as Dante's Divine comedy which reflected in the works like Erdaveiraf Nameh, Fotoohat Makiyeh and etc….. We can claim that all works of this type dates bakes to ascending of Prophet Mohammad. Among Islamic spiritual itinerary, there are two masterpieces, namely; Seyr al- 'ebad elal-ma 'adof Sana'i and Moayeri's Thesis of Alghofran Abolala which have different points of view. These two masterpieces haven't been analyzed properly due to their complex structures and thoughts of their writers. In this article, the attempt is firstly to introduce theses two journeys and then to find common features of them. Therefore, the similarities and differences of these two journeys are presented within the limits of all spiritual journeys for those who are interested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - The Possibility Using the Composted Peanut Shells in the Growth of Marigold and Viola tricolor Plants
Ali Mahboub KhomamiThis research was conducted to evaluate the possibility using peanut shells compost as a suitable medium in cultivating ornamental plants. Effect of peanut shells composts on the growth of Viola tricolor and marigold was investigated during seven months. Peat + perlite MoreThis research was conducted to evaluate the possibility using peanut shells compost as a suitable medium in cultivating ornamental plants. Effect of peanut shells composts on the growth of Viola tricolor and marigold was investigated during seven months. Peat + perlite (with a ratio of 2:1) used as control treatment and peat replaced by 25, 50, 75 and 100 % v/v of peanut shells compost. Plant growth indices, including height, stem, leaf fresh weights, stem and leaf dry weights were measured in marigold and Viola tricolor plants. Results showed that peanut shells compost had more effects on growth properties like height, stem and leaf dry weigh in comparison to control. The lowest growth was related to 100% peanut shells and control treatments. The most growth of Viola tricolor and marigold plants resulted respectively in 25% and 75% peanut shells compost, respectively. Results showed that increasing compost peanut shells as well as reducing the use of peat, can be effective on the growth of Viola tricolor and marigold plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Risk assessment of the heavy metals mercury, cadmium, lead and arsenic in the two species fish Tor grypus and Capoeta capoeta in Helle River from Bushehr
laleh Roomiani Mohammad velayatzadehNowadays environmental pollutants, heavy metals attracted many researchers as one of the most important factors are threatening humans in many areas. The present study was done in order to determine concentrations of heavy metals, He, Pb, Cd and As in the two species fi MoreNowadays environmental pollutants, heavy metals attracted many researchers as one of the most important factors are threatening humans in many areas. The present study was done in order to determine concentrations of heavy metals, He, Pb, Cd and As in the two species fish Tor grypus and Capoeta capoeta in Helle River from Bushehr in 2014. In this research 60 samples of fish were prayed from Helle River. Evaluation of heavy metals was occurred by atomic absorption Perkin Elmer 4100. The concentration of heavy metals mercury, lead, cadmium and arsenic in two fish species were 0.0604-0.0755, 0.213-0.255, 0.108-0.134 and 0.109-0.142 mg/kg. In this study, the risk index heavy metals mercury, lead, cadmium and arsenic about Tor grypus and Capoeta capoeta fish consumption by adults was lower than 1, but risk factor for mercury, cadmium and lead for children was higher than more 1, respectively. Concentration of Pb in two fish species was higher than more other metals (P<0.05). Also it was the lowest metal content of the mercury. Concentration of heavy metals mercury, lead, cadmium and arsenic in muscle of Tor grypus was higher than more Capoeta capoeta. Concentration of heavy metals in muscle of the two species fish was lower than comparison of WHO, FDA, MAFF and NHMRC. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Synthesis of Chitosan-Folic acid/ Magnetite Nanocomposite from Shrimp Shells and its Antibacterial Activities on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus
Juliet Ordoukhanian Shahla Mozaffari Narges Ajami Shima NahalIn this study, by preparing chitosan from shrimp shell which is low- cost and available, the degradable and biocompatible nanocomposite from folic acid functionalized chitosan was obtained by the addition of magnetite nanoparticles. First, by adding folic acid in an aci MoreIn this study, by preparing chitosan from shrimp shell which is low- cost and available, the degradable and biocompatible nanocomposite from folic acid functionalized chitosan was obtained by the addition of magnetite nanoparticles. First, by adding folic acid in an acidic medium to the prepared chitosan, the chitosan-folic acid derivative was obtained via ultrasonic dispersion. Then, by adding it to the solution of magnetite nanoparticles prepared by co-precipitation method from Fe (II) and Fe (III) salts by addition of ammonia solution, chitosan- folic acid/ magnetite nanocomposite was prepared which has special antibacterial properties on some pathogenic microorganisms. The properties of the prepared nanocomposite were investigated by Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results of antibacterial tests showed that both the derivatives prepared from chitosan at the concentration of 200 μg/ml could inhibit the growth of gram-negative Escherichia coli and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Green synthesis of Ag nanoparticels using salvia hydrangea extract and Peach kernel shell as a natural valuable support: Investigation of catalytic activity in reduction of methylene Blue and Rhodamine B
بهار خدادادیIn these research, the green synthesis of Ag nanoparticles )AgNPs( and AgNPs/Peach kernel shell )Ag/ P.K. Shell(, using peach kernel shell as an environmentally benign support and Salvia hydrangea extract as the reducing agent in the absence of any stabilizer or surfact MoreIn these research, the green synthesis of Ag nanoparticles )AgNPs( and AgNPs/Peach kernel shell )Ag/ P.K. Shell(, using peach kernel shell as an environmentally benign support and Salvia hydrangea extract as the reducing agent in the absence of any stabilizer or surfactant is reported. Samples were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy )FTIR(, UV-Vis spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy )FE-SEM( equipped with an energy dispersive spectroscopy )EDS(, Elemental mapping, X-ray Diffraction analysis )XRD(, and Transmittance Electron Microscopy )TEM(. These synthesized catalysts were used in the reduction of Methylene Blue )MB( and Rhodamine B )RhB( at room temperature. The Ag/ P.K. shell showed excellent catalytic activity in the reduction of these organic dyes. In addition, it was found that AgNPs/Apricot kernel shell can be recovered and reused several times without significant loss of catalytic activity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Investigation of magnetic properties and photocatalytic performance of Fe3O4 nano particles after coating with ZnO and TiO2
سولماز قنبرنژاد علی نعمتی سعید باغشاهی محبوبه محمودیIn this research, magnetite NPs via sol/gel method was coated with ZnO and TiO2. Phases, microstructures, and magnetic properties of binary and ternary core/shell nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction )XRD), transmission electron microscopy )TEM) and MoreIn this research, magnetite NPs via sol/gel method was coated with ZnO and TiO2. Phases, microstructures, and magnetic properties of binary and ternary core/shell nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction )XRD), transmission electron microscopy )TEM) and vibrational magnetometer )VSM). Photocatalytic activities in methylene blue degradation under sunlight irradiation for 120 min were recorded using UV/Vis spectrophotometer, changes were studied using the photoluminescence spectrum (PL), and the specific surface areas were obtained by the nitrogen adsorption/desorption apparatus )BET). The results showed that 10 mg/ml core/shell nanoparticles during 120 min under sunlight radiation could degrade >90% of methylene blue molecules. However, the increase in the number of shells causes the change in the type of semiconductors from direct to indirect; following that heterogeneous interface reduces the photocatalytic efficiency Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Re-examination of Chelleh-neshini in Islamic-Iranian Mysticism
Tāhereh Koochakiyān Behnāz PayāmaniChelleh-neshini (worshipping for a forty days period), as one of the special rituals for connection with the Unique Truth (God), has emerged with common and different aspects in the cultures and schools of thought in Iran and parts of Europe and East Asia. The aim MoreChelleh-neshini (worshipping for a forty days period), as one of the special rituals for connection with the Unique Truth (God), has emerged with common and different aspects in the cultures and schools of thought in Iran and parts of Europe and East Asia. The aim of this research is to re-examine chelleh-neshini in Eastern mysticism and especially Islamic mysticism; in this regard, the attention has been paid to its social and historical resources and its individual and organizational structures. Chelleh-neshini should be considered as a religious and mystical ritual that pursues these goals: conquesting the supernatural, retreating in a secluded space, purifying the soul from impurities, acquiring high attributes, purifying the soul in order to harmonize with the spirit of creation and attaining the true perfection and the pure truth. Accordingly, the concept of chelleh-neshini is presented at two levels: general and specific. As a general concept, it refers to seclusion of the mystics based on their mystical, religious and belief foundations. By this way, we can distinguish chelleh-neshini from other methods of suluk (mystical journey). As a specific concept, it refers to sitting at a specific time in Sufi monastery (khanqah) in order to achieve the Truth. This research, by using historical and descriptive method, is based on library resources and written sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - Environmental Risks Analysis of Helleh Protected Area of Boushehr by Using AHP Method
S. A. Jozi M. ShafieeThis study is about Environmental Risks Analysis of Helleh protected area of boushehrwith using AHP method. Helleh protected area with extension about 48940.82 hectares, is located at geographic coordinates of ً24، ´38، 50) ( till ( ً23،´ 56، 50)eas MoreThis study is about Environmental Risks Analysis of Helleh protected area of boushehrwith using AHP method. Helleh protected area with extension about 48940.82 hectares, is located at geographic coordinates of ً24، ´38، 50) ( till ( ً23،´ 56، 50)eastern longitude and ( ً24، ´03، 29) till ( ً50، ´16، 29)northern latitude. In this study at the first Delphi method was applied for hazard identification in area. Also according to the field studies, interview with natives and studying the database of helleh, the couple of risks were added to the factors that were identified with Delphi method. Finally 26 risks were identified in two groups that are including natural events and environmental risks. At the next stage, analytical hierarchy process was applied for analysis and priority of identified risks. In this study, the risks were assessed by using of three criteria like severity, probability and vulnerability. With building of raeesali delvari dam on top of the helleh protected area almost 232300 m3 from fresh water of helleh wetland was layed off and only the salinity water of DalakiRiver is streaming to the wetland. This can cause threaten the wetland, fauna and flora of wetland. So the Raeesali delvari dam with weight 0.116 is in preference 1. The rest of risks are in preference 2 till 26. Some ways that have suggested for control the risks are including laying off water pumping from the wetland and regarding to the hunting season, multiplicity and type of legal hunting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Application of algebraic-ring in key exchange protocol
J. Sharafi H. Daghigh -
Open Access Article
146 - A NEW PROTOCOL MODEL FOR VERIFICATION OF PAYMENT ORDER INFORMATION INTEGRITY IN ONLINE E-PAYMENT SYSTEM USING ELLIPTIC CURVE DIFFIE-HELLMAN KEY AGREEMENT PROTOCOL
A. Zaghian M. J. Hashemi -
Open Access Article
147 - The effect of application plant mulches on weeds control of fig (Ficus carica) orchards in Estahban region
Zahra Tabesh Farhad MohajeriTo study the effect of different types of plant mulch and their thicknesses on weeds control of fig (Ficus carica) orchards, an experiment was performed in a factorial arrangement based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Estahban region of MoreTo study the effect of different types of plant mulch and their thicknesses on weeds control of fig (Ficus carica) orchards, an experiment was performed in a factorial arrangement based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Estahban region of Fars province, Iran in 2018, where factors were non-living mulch in three levels (Almond shell, Wheat straw and Licorice residues) and mulch thickness in four levels (Control, 5, 10 and 15 cm). The results indicated that mulches can significantly reduce weeds density and growth (dry and wet weight) in compare to control treatment. Application of Licorice residues better than other treatments controlled the growth and density of weeds in fig. Among the levels of different mulch thickness, 10 cm thick mulch, in addition to minimize soil moisture loss, resulted to reduce the biological yield of weeds. In general, non-living mulches can be an effective agronomic management to control the weeds in fig orchards. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Investigation of Soybean Oil Bleaching by Using Walnut Shell
Zeynab Forouzan Sepehr Maryam Gharachorloo Shima Yousefi -
Open Access Article
149 - Study on Nut Shell Lignification Progress in Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cv. Segorbe
Julien Toillon Julie Robin Maud Thomas Rachid Hamidi -
Open Access Article
150 - Investigating the Use of Chestnut Shells to Improve Brioche Characteristics
Khlood Waheeb Hussein S.H. Ridha Mais Mazin Al-Hamdani Thair L. Mizal Hayder Tariq Hanan Askar Hussny Mustafa Abdulkareem Mustaf -
Open Access Article
151 - Design and Construction a Walnut Peeler
G.R. Chegini A.R. Makarichian -
Open Access Article
152 - Recognition and Determination of Contaminated Pistachios to Aflatoxin in Processing Stage
Ali tajabadipour Hossein Afshari Hossein Hokmabadi -
Open Access Article
153 - Investigating Different Methods of Closed Shell Pistachios Splitting and Effects of Freezing Prior to Drying on Shell Splitting Percentage
Mehdi Nazari Davoud Ghanbarian Ahmad Shakerardekani Ali Maleki -
Open Access Article
154 - Removal of Dye (Blue 56) From Aqueous Solution via Adsorption onto Pistachio Shell: kinetic and isotherm study of removal process
A. Ravanpaykar A. Asfaram M. R. Fathi emadabadi -
Open Access Article
155 - Investigation of Kinetics and Equilibrium Isotherms of Direct Red 12B Dye Adsorption on Hazelnut Shells
Fathi M. R. Asfaram A. -
Open Access Article
156 - Effect of Kiwi Shell and Incubation Time on Mobility of Lead and Cadmium in Contaminated Clay Soil
Bahareh Lorestani Chia Arjangi Hajar Merrikhpour -
Open Access Article
157 - Removal of Chromium (VI) from Wastewater by Palm Kernel Shell-based on a Green Method
Maryam Razavi Mehr Mohammad Hossein Fekri Faezeh Omidali Noushin Eftekhari Behrouz Akbari-adergani -
Open Access Article
158 - Enhancing the Antimicrobial Properties Copper Oxide Shell with the Magnetic Mesoporous Core- Shell
Seyed Kamal Rajabi Shabnam Sohrabnezhad -
Open Access Article
159 - Synthesis and Characterization of SrFe12O19/SiO2/TiO2 Composite Powder with Core/Shell/Shell Nanostructure
fatemeh bavarsiha Mehdi Montazeri-Pour Masoud Rajabi samira Gholami Naeimeh MozaffariIn this research study, the coating of titania particles on the SrFe12O19/SiO2 composite was successfully accomplished by the sol-gel process. For this purpose, first, the strontium hexaferrite particles were prepared by co-precipitation route with Fe3+/Sr2+ molar ratio MoreIn this research study, the coating of titania particles on the SrFe12O19/SiO2 composite was successfully accomplished by the sol-gel process. For this purpose, first, the strontium hexaferrite particles were prepared by co-precipitation route with Fe3+/Sr2+ molar ratios of 11 and 12 and subsequent calcination treatment. The formation of single phase strontium hexaferrite particles, as hard magnetic cores of the composite, was attained in the molar ratio of Fe3+/Sr2+=12 after calcination at 950 °C. In the next step, the silica coating of hexaferrite particles was performed using the tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) precursor via the Stöber method. In the end, the covering of titania particles on the SrFe12O19/SiO2 composite was carried out by utilizing titanium n-butoxide (TNBT) precursor. The as-prepared composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) analyses. The results confirmed the core/shell/shell structure of the synthesized SrFe12O19/SiO2/TiO2 composite. The analysis of the magnetic properties showed that saturation magnetization (Ms) of strontium hexaferrite powder was obtained as 58 emu/g. After the successive coating of SiO2 and TiO2 shells, this amount has reached to 56 emu/g and 37 emu/g, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Fabrication of micro-structure of the Fe3O4 / SiO2 / TiO2 core / shell / shell and investigation of its structural properties
fardin ghasemi piranlu fatemeh bavarsiha saeideh dadashianIn this study, Fe3O4 / SiO2 / TiO2 composite was prepared with core-shell-shell structure using a wet chemical method. At first the composite Fe3O4 / SiO2 was synthesized via Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) precursor. Then a shell of TiO2 was coated directly on it. Fe3O MoreIn this study, Fe3O4 / SiO2 / TiO2 composite was prepared with core-shell-shell structure using a wet chemical method. At first the composite Fe3O4 / SiO2 was synthesized via Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) precursor. Then a shell of TiO2 was coated directly on it. Fe3O4 / SiO2 / TiO2 microstructures produced were characterized by environmental scanning electron microscopy analysis (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy devices (FTIR). The results showed that SiO2 and TiO2 layers has been coating successfully. The results indicated that the mean size of Fe3O4 particles was about 300-400 nm and thickness of the TiO2 and SiO2 shells was about 4 and 30 nm, respectively. magnetic properties of the synthesized composite were studied by Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). Pure Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2 composites magnetization saturation (Ms) obtained 80 and 37 emu/g, respectively. also the remanent magnetization (Mr) value of Fe3O4 and Fe3O4 / SiO2 / TiO2 microstructures was 8 and 6.43 emu/g, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Fabrication of Nanofibers Core - Shell Oxide by One Step Electrospinning Method
حجت رفیعی پور محمد رضا واعظی اصغر کاظم زادهIn this paper, core - shell nanofibers were synthesized by single stage electrospinning. To achieve on this aim, a coaxial needle was used, and oxides precursor were solved in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution, and injected by separate syringes which connected to one pum MoreIn this paper, core - shell nanofibers were synthesized by single stage electrospinning. To achieve on this aim, a coaxial needle was used, and oxides precursor were solved in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution, and injected by separate syringes which connected to one pump. Calcination was done on synthsised core – shell nanofibers. The morphology and microstructure of nanofibers were examined by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The final structure is ZnO as shell and SnO2 as core. The core diameter and the shell thickness nanofiber from TEM image are approximately 45 nm and 25 nm, respectively. The average diameters of as-electrospun and calcined core - shell nanofibers are about 175 and 79 nm, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - The Influence of Temperature Variations on Masculinization of Sword Fish (Xiphophours helleri) in Aquarium
زهرا نیله چی شبنم فراهانیThis study was carried out in order to survey of temperature changes on masculinization Sword fish (Xiphophours helleri) in Aquarium in aquarium at Natural Resource faculty of Guilan University in 2008. 120 Xiphophours helleri (10- day- old) were evaluated on four treat MoreThis study was carried out in order to survey of temperature changes on masculinization Sword fish (Xiphophours helleri) in Aquarium in aquarium at Natural Resource faculty of Guilan University in 2008. 120 Xiphophours helleri (10- day- old) were evaluated on four treatments (21 andordm;C, 24 andordm;C, 27 andordm;C and 30 andordm;C) and three repetitions. After six weeks, their sex was determined according to their shapes(prolonging of caudal fins bottom rays, which the name of sword fish was derived from this character).The statistical analysis was done by SPSS, Tukey test and One way ANOVA(Pandlt;0.05). Regarding to the analysis, that was no significant variation in total length and weigth (Pandlt;0.05). The least and most length and weight growth were revealed respectively on treatment 1(21 andordm;C, 2.84cmو 0.30 gr), treatment 3(27 andordm;C, 2.98 cm,0.34 gr), treatment 2(24 andordm;C, 3.05cm, 0.33 gr) and treatment 4(30 candordm;, 3.04 cm, 0.36 gr). During these treatments survey and sex determination CF, BWI and SGR, treatment 1(21 andordm;C) showed the significant variation (Pandlt;0.05). The most and least making male percentages were achieved on treatment 4(30 andordm;C, 70%) and treatment 1(21 andordm;C, 46.6%). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Study of Biological, compound and Surface Topography if Granule Scaffold Hydroxyapatite/Ostrich Eggshell for Bone Tissue Engineering
Farideh Alahgahi Esmail Fattahi Mohsen Saeedi Mir Mahmoud Mortazavi RoudmianeThis study aimed to investigate the topography surface and ability of this scaffold in combination with the mesenchymal and fibroblast cells. In this regard, several different ratios of hydroxyapatite / ostrich eggshell scaffold were created to determine the surface pro MoreThis study aimed to investigate the topography surface and ability of this scaffold in combination with the mesenchymal and fibroblast cells. In this regard, several different ratios of hydroxyapatite / ostrich eggshell scaffold were created to determine the surface properties and responsiveness to the cells with different types of hydroxyapatite/ostrich eggshell (OsE/HA) combinations (ratios 0-1, 1-2, 1-1, 2-1, 1-0). Natural biomaterials including ostrich eggshells which contain the minerals such as calcium carbonate, play a major role in the fabrication of hard tissue scaffolds. Surface characterization was investigated using SEM and recognizing the scaffold properties by XRD, FTIR. Finally, direct contact (toxicity) test with fibroblast-like cells (L929) was performed to study the cytotoxicity response. After the scaffold toxicity test, the material was ready for in vitro acceptance test, which mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the adipose tissue of New Zealand white rabbit (RADMSCs) which kept with this bioscaffold. This study's results showed that this scaffold has the best biocompatibility and the highest surface lacuna for cell adsorption and attachment with hydroxyapatite / ostrich eggshell. Bioscaffold OsE/HA with the ratio of 1-2 has the best cell attachment among other groups. Natural biomaterials with synthetic materials can promote the bone tissue engineering in many ways. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Applying of Dioxide Titanium Nanoparticles (TiO2) on Performance of Silkworm
Masoud Alipanah Hasan Feizi Abdolazim Nasiri Farid SjameiThe present investigation was carried out to evaluate the effects of dioxide titanium particles on growth and performance character. Based on previous works, it is expected that TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) improving the feed efficiency and promote silk protein synthesis in MoreThe present investigation was carried out to evaluate the effects of dioxide titanium particles on growth and performance character. Based on previous works, it is expected that TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) improving the feed efficiency and promote silk protein synthesis in the silkworm can be improved important traits such as cocoon shell weight and cocoon weight. The experiment was designed in a completely randomized design with three replications. Five groups of silkworms fed diets with dioxide titanium nanoparticles at 0, 5, 10, 50, and 100 mg/l in duration 4 and 5 instars. Data were analyzed by SAS software, and Duncan test was used to compare the mean. It was observed that the addition of dioxide titanium nanoparticles at different levels significantly improved percent viability, cocoon and cocoon shell performance compared control group. In comparison to the control treatment, cocoon weights rose by 3.3 and 3.85 percent in 5 and 10 mg/l dioxide titanium, respectively. In comparison to the control treatment, 5 mg/l nanoparticles had a higher cocoon shell weight and cocoon shell ratio of 10.40 and 6.27 percent, respectively. Results showed that using dioxide titanium nanoparticles in 5 and 10 mg/l can increase cocoon and cocoon shell performance, but it has not effect on these traits with higher concentration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - The Comparative Study on the Performance of Iranian and Chinese Silkworms, Bombyx mori L, Hybrids in Khorasan Razavi Province
Masoud Alipanah Abdolazim Nasiri Atefeh Seyeddokht Shahla Nematolahian Zabiholah Abedian Farid SarjameiSilkworm rearing has been intermingled with the life and culture of the Khorasan Razavi people for a long time. This study was conducted to determine robust hybrids for economically important traits in mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori under numerous climatic conditions. To MoreSilkworm rearing has been intermingled with the life and culture of the Khorasan Razavi people for a long time. This study was conducted to determine robust hybrids for economically important traits in mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori under numerous climatic conditions. To identify the most suitable hybrid for Khorasan Razavi climatic conditions, 14 imported hybrids were compared with four Iranian local hybrids. In the spring of 2021, rearing was carried out under uniformed laboratory condition by adopting standard method. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications and 200 larvae per replication using procedure of GLM in SAS 9.2 in the Torbat Heydarieh sericulture center (Torbat Heydarieh, Iran). These eighteen hybrids were evaluated for their performance in eight metric traits viz., larval losses, percentage of pupae, percentage of cocoons (good, medium, weak and double), weight of cocoons (good, medium, weak and double), number per liter, weight of one liter, weight of cocoon cortex, percentage of cocoon cortex and percentage of raw silk. The results showed that Chines hybrid Q×B had higher cocoon weight with 339.57 gr (P <0.05). Also, L2×R had higher shell cocoon perecent with 24.36% (P <0.05) and L2×OR showed higher average mean of cocoon wight with 1.72 gr (P <0.05). The result of the present study indicated that six hybrids viz., 872 × 871, B × Q, BB × QA, HB × JA, JA × HB, and M × S exhibited better performance in imported Chinese hybrids, and three Iranians hybrids viz., 103 × 104, 151 × 154, 154 × 151 had better performance in Torbat Heydariyeh region of Khorasan Razavi province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - حل تحلیلی ارتعاشات پوسته کامپوزیت با لایه پیزوالکتریک
اکبر علی بیگلو عبدالمجید کنیدر این مقاله، ارتعاشات پوسته استوانه­ای کامپوزیت حاوی لایه­های پیزوالکتریک در سطوح داخلی و خارجی، بررسی شده است. ابتدا پوسته کامپوزیت بدون لایه­های پیزوالکتریک مورد مطالعه قرار می­گیرد و نتایج حاصل با نتایج محققین دیگر مقایسه می­گردد، آنگاه ارتعاشات Moreدر این مقاله، ارتعاشات پوسته استوانه­ای کامپوزیت حاوی لایه­های پیزوالکتریک در سطوح داخلی و خارجی، بررسی شده است. ابتدا پوسته کامپوزیت بدون لایه­های پیزوالکتریک مورد مطالعه قرار می­گیرد و نتایج حاصل با نتایج محققین دیگر مقایسه می­گردد، آنگاه ارتعاشات پوسـته استوانه­ای چند لایه با لایه­های پیزوالکتریک بررسی می­شود. روابط مربوطه از معادلات الاستیسیته سه­بعدی نتیجه شده است که چون هیچگونه تقریبی در بدست آوردن آنها اعمال نشده کاملاً تحلیلی می­باشند. پوسته موردنظر، بسته و دارای طول محدود می­باشد که تکیه­گاه­ها بصورت ساده در دو انتهای آن واقع شده­اند و نتایج برای نسبت طول به شعاع و شعاع به ضخامت­های مختلف بدست آمده­اند Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - کاهش ارتعاشات پوستههای استوانهای FGM هوشمند با استفاده از لایههای مگنتواستریکتیو
منصور درویزه رضا انصاری ابوالفضل درویزه رضا رجبیه فرددر این مقاله تحلیل رفتار ارتعاشی پوستههای استوانهای FGM هوشمند مجهز به لایههای سنسور و عملگر مگنتواستریکتیو مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. به منظور کاهش ارتعاش، از یک کنترل تناسبی فیدبک منفی سرعت در تعامل با لایههای حسگر و عملگر استفاده شده است. برای لحاظ کردن اثرات ت Moreدر این مقاله تحلیل رفتار ارتعاشی پوستههای استوانهای FGM هوشمند مجهز به لایههای سنسور و عملگر مگنتواستریکتیو مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. به منظور کاهش ارتعاش، از یک کنترل تناسبی فیدبک منفی سرعت در تعامل با لایههای حسگر و عملگر استفاده شده است. برای لحاظ کردن اثرات تغییر شکل برشی و عرضی و اینرسی دورانی، فرمولبندی مسئله براساس تئوری تغییر شکل برشی مرتبه اول موسوم به FSDT انجام شده است. پوستههای FGM مورد مطالعه ترکیبی از فلز و سرامیک در نظر گرفته شده است که خواص ساختاری آنها وابسته به دما و مدرج در جهت ضخامت پوسته استوانهای مطابق با کسر حجمی قانون توانی میباشد. لایههای مگنتواستریکتیو نیز از جنس ترفنول دی در نظر گرفته شدهاند. از روش انتگرال زمانی نیومارک و آنالیز مودال برای حل معادلات دیفرانسیل مربوطه به ترتیب در حوزه زمان و فرکانس استفاده شده است. اثرات مشخصههای کاهش ارتعاشات لایههای مگنتواستریکتیو در دو حوزه زمان و فرکانس، تأثیر موقعیت مکانی قرارگیری این لایهها، ضخامت آنها و پارامترهای کنترل مورد تحقیق قرار گرفتهاند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - تحلیل ارتعاشات آزاد پوسته استوانهای دو سر گیردار FGM با رینگ تقویت شده بر اساس مدل ردی
محمد رضا عیسوند زیبائی مهدی سلمان زاده رسول موسویفردر این مقاله به بررسی ارتعاشات آزاد یک پوسته استوانهای ساخته شده از مواد FGM (تابعی) با رینگ تقویت شده که ترکیبی از فولاد ضد زنگ و نیکل می باشد پرداخته میشود. خصوصیات مواد در جهت ضخامت پوسته مطابق قانون توزیع کسر حجمی تغییر میکنند. در این مطالعه پوستههای استوانهای Moreدر این مقاله به بررسی ارتعاشات آزاد یک پوسته استوانهای ساخته شده از مواد FGM (تابعی) با رینگ تقویت شده که ترکیبی از فولاد ضد زنگ و نیکل می باشد پرداخته میشود. خصوصیات مواد در جهت ضخامت پوسته مطابق قانون توزیع کسر حجمی تغییر میکنند. در این مطالعه پوستههای استوانهای رینگ تقویت شده دارند و این رینگها بهطور اختیاری در طول قرار دارند. این مطالعه بر اساس تئوری مرتبه سوم تغییر شکل برشی پوسته انجام شده است و استخراج معادلات حرکت این پوسته استوانهای FGM بر اساس اصل همیلتون انجام شده است. نتایج ارائه شده در این تحقیق شامل فرکانسهای طبیعی، اثر رفتار کسر حجمی، اثر موقعیت رینگ تقویت شده روی پوسته و اثر شرایط مرزی گیردار-گیردار روی فرکانسهای طبیعی پوسته استوانهای FGM است Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - تحلیل ارتعاشات آزاد و اجباری پوستههای مخروطی کامپوزیتی چند لایه تحت شرایط مرزی گوناگون به روش گلرکین
آیدین نصیری راد رضا انصاری حسام روحیدر این مقاله ، فرکانس طبیعی و پاسخ ارتعاش اجباری پوستههای مخروطی کامپوزیتی چند لایه به ازای شرایط مرزی گوناگون بررسی شده اند. معادلات پوسته نازک دانل به عنوان معادلات حاکم در نظر گرفته شده ، از روش تحلیلی گلرکین برای حل معادلات حرکت در مسئله ارتعاش آزاد استفاده ش Moreدر این مقاله ، فرکانس طبیعی و پاسخ ارتعاش اجباری پوستههای مخروطی کامپوزیتی چند لایه به ازای شرایط مرزی گوناگون بررسی شده اند. معادلات پوسته نازک دانل به عنوان معادلات حاکم در نظر گرفته شده ، از روش تحلیلی گلرکین برای حل معادلات حرکت در مسئله ارتعاش آزاد استفاده شده و توابع شکل مودهای تیر به عنوان توابع وزن روش گلرکین بکار گرفته شده اند که با این انتخاب میتوان شرایط مرزی گوناگون پوسته را در حل معادلات در نظر گرفت. به منظور یافتن پاسخ ارتعاش اجباری نیز روش تعیین ضرایب مشارکت مودال بکار گرفته شده است. نتایج عددی بدست آمده نشان میدهد که بیشترین مقادیر پارامتر فرکانسی در شرط مرزی FC و کمترین آن در شرط مرزی CC و FS اتفاق میافتد. افزایش تعداد لایهها و افزایش نسبت شعاع به طول منجر به افزایش پارامتر فرکانسی و افزایش نسبت ارتوتروپی منجر به کاهش پارامتر فرکانسی میشود. نتایج بدست آمده در تحلیل ارتعاش آزاد با نتایج مقالههای موجود مقایسه شده و صحت آنها مورد اطمینان میباشند Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - بررسی تأثیر نسبت نیروی محوری به نیروی جانبی بر کمانش پوسته استوانه ای جدار نازک اورتوتروپیک
مسیب اسماعیل دخت رضا اکبری آلاشتی محمدحسن قاسمی مرتضی دردلتحلیل کمانشی پوسته­های استوانه­ای جدار نازک به دلیل فرآیند ساخت آنها دارای اهمیت ویژه­ای میباشند. برای افزایش استحکام کمانشی معمولاً از تقویتکنندههای طولی و عرضی استفاده می­شود.در این مقاله با در نظر گرفتن یک پوسته استوانه­ای جدار نازک تقوی Moreتحلیل کمانشی پوسته­های استوانه­ای جدار نازک به دلیل فرآیند ساخت آنها دارای اهمیت ویژه­ای میباشند. برای افزایش استحکام کمانشی معمولاً از تقویتکنندههای طولی و عرضی استفاده می­شود.در این مقاله با در نظر گرفتن یک پوسته استوانه­ای جدار نازک تقویتشده با تقویتکنندههای طولی و عرضی داخلی، تحت ترکیب نیروهای محوری و فشار جانبی، به بررسی تأثیر نسبت نیروی محوری به نیروی جانبی بر مقدار نیروی کمانش برای نسبت­های مختلف ابعادی اعم از نسبت ضخامت به شعاع و نسبت طول به شعاع پوسته استوانه­ای پرداختیم. نتایج تحلیلی بر مبنای معادلات پایداری خطی کلاسیک دانل برای پوسته­های استوانه­ای غیر همسانگرد، با نتایج برآمده از تحلیل المان محدود بهوسیلهنرمافزارANSYSمقایسه شد.نتایج نشان می­دهد روش تحلیلی دانل در محدوده­ای از نسبت­های ابعادی کارایی دارد. همچنین در اکثر نسبت­های ابعادی،با افزایش نسبت نیروی محوری به نیروی محیطی، نیروی کمانش محوری افزایش و نیروی کمانش محیطی کاهش می­یابد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - تحلیل کمانش الاستیک پوستههای مرکب با سطح مقطع بیضی تحت بار فشاری محوری
منصور درویزه ابوالفضل درویزه رضا انصاری الهام کاظمیدر این مقاله به بررسی کمانش الاستیک پوستههای مرکب با سطح مقطع بیضی با چیدمان صفر و نود درجه که تحت بار محوری فشاری هستند، پرداخته می­شود. روش حل بر مبنای اجزا محدود، براساس تئوری تغییر شکل برشی مرتبه اول اتخاذ شده است. یک المان هشت گرهای برای به دست آوردن رف Moreدر این مقاله به بررسی کمانش الاستیک پوستههای مرکب با سطح مقطع بیضی با چیدمان صفر و نود درجه که تحت بار محوری فشاری هستند، پرداخته می­شود. روش حل بر مبنای اجزا محدود، براساس تئوری تغییر شکل برشی مرتبه اول اتخاذ شده است. یک المان هشت گرهای برای به دست آوردن رفتار الاستیکی پوسته بیضوی در نظر گرفته شده است. کرنشها بر اساس جابهجاییها در مختصات محلی پوسته به دقت محاسبه شده و کار انجام شده توسط بار اعمالی به سازه، در نظر گرفته شده است. معادلات تعادل با استفاده از حداقل کردن انرژی پتانسیل به دست آمدهاند و با استفاده از روش صفر کردن دترمینان ماتریس سیستم، حل شدهاند. اثر تغییر پارامتر سطح مقطع بیضی (نسبت شعاع بزرگ به شعاع کوچک بیضی) بر روی بار کمانش بحرانی پوسته استوانه بیضوی بررسی شده است. نتایج مؤید این مطلب است که تغییر در پارامتر سطح مقطع بیضی میتواند به طور محسوسی بار کمانش بحرانی را تغییر دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - حل عددی ارتعاشات پوسته استوانهای چند لایه با لایه پیزوالکتریک
عبدالمجید کنی اکبر علی بیگلودر این مقاله رفتار ارتعاشی پوسته­های چندلایه که سطوح داخلی و خارجی آنها مجهز به لایه­های حسگر و عملگر پیزوالکتریک می­باشد بررسی شده است. ابتدا پوسته چندلایه با تکیه­گاه­های ساده به روش تحلیلی بررسی و نتایج حاصل، با نتایج به دست آمده توسط سایر محققین Moreدر این مقاله رفتار ارتعاشی پوسته­های چندلایه که سطوح داخلی و خارجی آنها مجهز به لایه­های حسگر و عملگر پیزوالکتریک می­باشد بررسی شده است. ابتدا پوسته چندلایه با تکیه­گاه­های ساده به روش تحلیلی بررسی و نتایج حاصل، با نتایج به دست آمده توسط سایر محققین مقایسه شده است. آنگاه حل عددی به روش (GDQ) برای پوسته با لایه­های پیزوالکتریک و تکیه­گاه­های ساده، با حل تحلیلی آن مقایسه شده و در ادامه انواع شرایط تکیه­گاهی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. با استفاده از معادلات حرکت، معادلات بنیادین و روابط کرنش- جابجایی، معادلات حالت- فضا حاصل می­شود که این معادلات با استفاده از تقریب لایه مجزا، به معادلات حالت- فضا با ضرایب ثابت تبدیل خواهند شد. سپس با استفاده از حل این معادلات می­توان فرکانس­های طبیعی پوسته در حالت تکیه­گاه ساده را به دست آورد. در صورتی که تکیه­گاه­ها غیر ساده باشند، حل معادلات دیفراسیل حالت- فضا به روش تحلیلی امکان­پذیر نبوده و باید از روش­های عددی کمک گرفت. روش یک چهارم تفاضلی روش عددی متداولی است که با تعداد کم نقاط نمونه، می­توان به جواب دقیق دست یافت. با استفاده از روش dq ، معادلات دیفرانسیل حالت- فضا حل شده و در نهایت با اعمال شرایط عاری از تراکشن سطوح بالا و پایین، می­توان به فرکانس­های طبیعی دست یافت. در نهایت تأثیر مستقیم و معکوس پیزوالکتریک، نسبت ضخامت لایه کامپوزیت به لایه پیزوالکتریک و نسبت شعاع میانی به ضخامت در رفتار ارتعاشی پوسته مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - تحلیل ارتعاشات غیرخطی پوسته استوانهای از مواد مدرج تابعی بر روی بستر ویسکوالاستیک تحت بارهای محوری و جانبی
احمد مامندیدر این مقاله، تحلیل رفتار ارتعاشی غیرخطی پوسته استوانهای ساخته شده از مواد مدرج تابعی با شرایط مرزی دو سر ساده تحت بارهای محوری فشاری و جانبی بر روی بستر ویسکوالاستیک مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. معادلات حاکم بر ارتعاشات غیرخطی پوسته استوانهای بر اساس نظریه اصلاح شده پ Moreدر این مقاله، تحلیل رفتار ارتعاشی غیرخطی پوسته استوانهای ساخته شده از مواد مدرج تابعی با شرایط مرزی دو سر ساده تحت بارهای محوری فشاری و جانبی بر روی بستر ویسکوالاستیک مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. معادلات حاکم بر ارتعاشات غیرخطی پوسته استوانهای بر اساس نظریه اصلاح شده پوسته دانل (Donnell) استخراج شدهاند. سپس در تحلیل از روش گالرکین , فرض والمیر (Volmir) بهره گرفته شده است. برای حل عددی معادلات دیفرانسیل حاکم از روش رانگ-کوتای مرتبه چهارم با استفاده از نرم افزار MATLAB برای تعیین پاسخ دینامیکی پوسته شامل فرکانسهای طبیعی خطی و غیرخطی، رابطه فرکانس-دامنه و جابجایی غیرخطی شعاعی پوسته استفاده شده است. اثر تغییر پارامترهای مختلف هندسی و فیزیکی مانند پیش بار محوری فشاری، بار جانبی، خواص ماده و ضرایب بستر ویسکوالاستیک در رفتار دینامیکی پوسته استوانهای مورد بررسی و تحقیق قرار گرفته است Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - تحلیل کمانش پوسته استوانهای شیاردار تحت بار محوری
امین رحمت نژاد محمد مهدی نجفی زاده حمید محسنی منفرددر این مقاله کمانش پوسته­های استوانه­ای شیار دار تحت بار محوری به روش تئوری و آزمایشگاهی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. پوسته ها از جنس فولاد با استاندارد (USA/API – X42 5L)در نظر گرفته شده­اند که یکی از پرکاربرد ترین مواد استفاده شده در صنایع گاز، نفت و پ Moreدر این مقاله کمانش پوسته­های استوانه­ای شیار دار تحت بار محوری به روش تئوری و آزمایشگاهی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. پوسته ها از جنس فولاد با استاندارد (USA/API – X42 5L)در نظر گرفته شده­اند که یکی از پرکاربرد ترین مواد استفاده شده در صنایع گاز، نفت و پتروشیمی می باشند. اثر شیار مارپیچ برروی پوسته استوانه ای مورد تحلیل قرار گرفته است و در ادامه نتایج به دست آمده از نرم افزار Abaqusبا نتایج آزمایشگاهی مقایسه گردیده اند. جوابهای تئوری و آزمایشگاهی تطابق مناسبی را نشان می­دهند. لذا می توان از نتایج عددی مشروط به مدل سازی و تحلیل صحیح به خوبی استفاده کرد. همچنین مشخص شد که تعداد شیار بر روی بار بحرانی کمانش نقش مهمی دارد به طوری که با افزایش شیار بار بحرانی کمانش کاهش پیدا می­کند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - Control of Air Pollution by Shell (Architectural Solutions to Control Air Pollution in Ahvaz)
Anahid Sasan Reza Behbehani Hassan Ebrahimy AslEnvironmental pollution caused by climate change and human factors caused by the increase in the world's population and as a result of the uncontrolled development of cities, has caused problems in settlements. These include declining quality of living environment and r MoreEnvironmental pollution caused by climate change and human factors caused by the increase in the world's population and as a result of the uncontrolled development of cities, has caused problems in settlements. These include declining quality of living environment and residential buildings. This research has sought to control environmental pollution in the building space as the main goal. In order to solve this problem, construction shells have been selected as a solution and three different types with three different approaches of biological shells, intelligent moving shells and two-shell facades have been studied, analyzed and proposed. Due to the interdisciplinary nature of this research, combined methods and using different sciences have been used to do it. The research is applied in nature, to explain the theoretical framework and collect data, as well as to select the influential components, it has benefited from the study of the background effective on the subject, as well as the field method. In order to obtain the number of pollutants entering the building in each of the models, the simulation method has been used using related software. Data analysis and evaluation has been done through simulation method. One of the results of this research was to present a model to be used in the city of Ahvaz in order to control environmental pollution. At the end, after observing the analysis of the studied indicators in the current state of the building, the proposed models were also analyzed and reviewed and the results were presented in the form of a diagram. Comparing the current situation with the first model, the number of environmental pollutants, both outside the building and adjacent to the building wall and inside the building, has decreased significantly. This is despite the fact that the reduction of pollutants has increased compared to the current situation with the second model, and the proposed measures and model have been fully effective Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - Investigating the effect of different materials in improving the structural performance of active bending shells by analyzing a selected sample of grid shells
sahar sadeghi morteza rahbar katayoun Taghizadeh Azari حسین ذبیحیGrid shell structures are one of the types of active bending structures, which consist of a network of continuous elements with double curved shells. Therefore, the purpose of this article is the effect of different materials by selecting a sample of mesh shells in impr MoreGrid shell structures are one of the types of active bending structures, which consist of a network of continuous elements with double curved shells. Therefore, the purpose of this article is the effect of different materials by selecting a sample of mesh shells in improving their structural performance, for this purpose, the geometry of the selected shell was first modeled with the help of Grasshopper program and then using Kangaroo and Karamba physics modeling software in a The repetitive step at the same time, the mechanical and geometric considerations have been analyzed. In the selected sample, with the help of quantitative analytical method in Karamba software, the stresses are calculated, and then, considering the variables of materials with the same thickness and dimensions, which have a rectangular cross-section, to check the amount of displacement in bearing internal forces and stresses that The reason for the change in the weight of the structure has come about, and according to that, the Young's modulus has reached its minimum average, and the steps have been taken. In this way, it can be concluded that among the six different families of materials such as: steel, wood, concrete, steel, composite and polymers depending on the type of access and facilities in each country, polymer structures reinforced with glass fibers and structures Wood has the best structural performance for making grid shells. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - Analysis of cylindrical shell vibrations of MRI machine using finite element method.
Hamid Reza Mortazavy BeniMagnetic resonance imaging is one of the non-invasive medical imaging methods based on magnetic fields and radio waves. This study focuses on reducing acoustic noise inside the cylindrical of the MRI scanner in which the patient is placed. The wall of the scanner half-t MoreMagnetic resonance imaging is one of the non-invasive medical imaging methods based on magnetic fields and radio waves. This study focuses on reducing acoustic noise inside the cylindrical of the MRI scanner in which the patient is placed. The wall of the scanner half-tunnel is usually connected to the spiral gradient cylinder, which causes some vibrations to be transmitted to the wall, resulting in the generation of sound waves. One of the possible solutions to manage the noise from the scanner half-tunnel wall or the transmission noise from the spiral gradient cylinder is to design an additional panel absorber between the gradient cylinder and the scanner half-tunnel wall. In this study, with the help of modeling in ANSYS software, it was shown that numerical analysis of gradient cycles can accurately investigate vibration and noise levels based on sound analysis. The results showed that using a microporous panel absorber with a thickness of 20 mm provides transmission losses in the frequency range of 125 Hz to 3 kHz in the amount of 15 to 37 dB. Considering that the MRI device is one of the most popular and widely used imaging devices, many manufacturing companies are looking to improve and control these vibrations. Therefore, the results of this study can be a useful guide for MRI machine manufacturing companies to improve their performance and efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - The effects of dietary electrolyte balance on performance and eggshell quality of laying hens exposed to heat stress and thermo neutral condition in early laying period.
Ali Nobakht Mahmoud Shivazad Mohammad Chamani Ali Reza Safamehr This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different dietary electrolyte balance on performance and egg quality in early period of egg production under heat stress and thermo neutral condition. This experiment was done on hens that were in early of egg pr More This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different dietary electrolyte balance on performance and egg quality in early period of egg production under heat stress and thermo neutral condition. This experiment was done on hens that were in early of egg production period. Number of 256 Hy- line W-36 laying hens from 24 to 34 weeks of age were placed in two separated experimental room under heat stress and thermo neutral condition. Each experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design. Diets were formulated with inclusions of NaCl, NaHCO3, KHCO3 and NH4Cl to give different dietary electrolyte balances (DEB) as 0, 120, 240 and 360 mEq/kg and were fed to laying hens for 10 weeks. Results of these experiments showed that performance of laying hens were not significantly affected by diets of various DEB in both heat stress and thermo neutral conditions. Eggshell quality were significantly affected by DEB (p<0.05). Under heat stress, eggshell weight and egg weight/surfaces and under thermo neutral condition, egg specific gravity, eggshell weight, eggshell thickness, eggshell ash and egg weight/surfaces were significantly affected by DEB and improved by increasing dietary electrolyte balance from 120 to 360 mEq/kg in many cases. In conclusion, increasing DEB to 360 mEq/kg in early period of egg production in heat stress and thermo neutral condition can improve eggshell quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Evaluation of the effects of different nutrient levels on performance of laying hens
Ali Nobakht yosef Mehmannavaz saman MahdavyThis study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different nutrient levels on performance of laying hens. This experiment was conducted with 320 laying hens from 32 to 42 weeks in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replicates with 16 birds i MoreThis study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different nutrient levels on performance of laying hens. This experiment was conducted with 320 laying hens from 32 to 42 weeks in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replicates with 16 birds in each replicate. Experimental diets were isocaloric and included: diet nutrients recommended by Hy-line company for commercial laying hens (control), diet with 10 percent lower nutrient level than nutrient recommended by Hy-line company, nutrients recommended by NRC (1994), diet 10 percent higher nutrient level of nutrient recommended by NRC (1994) and diet with average energy of nutrients recommended by Hy-line company and NRC (1994). The results of this experiment showed that the performance and egg traits in laying hens were significantly affected by different experimental diets and the egg weight was significantly different between treatments (P<0.05). The highest amount of egg weight (60.35 g) was observed in control group. Also significantly differences were observed in egg mass between treatments (P<0.05). The highest amount of egg mass (53.72 g) was observed in control group, whereas nutrients recommended by NRC (1994) caused the lowest amount of that (49.84 g). Moreover, feed efficiency significantly affected by studied nutrients (P<0.05). The best amount of feed efficiency (2.13) was observed in control group. There was also significant difference between treatments for egg shell weight and the highest egg shell weight (6.07g) was observed in control group. The egg shell thickness was significantly affected by treatments, too (P<0.05) and the lowest egg shell thickness (304mm) was observed in control group. There was not any significantly difference between treatments in other traits such as feed price to produce one kilogram of egg (P>0.05). It can be concluded that performance and egg quality of laying hens can be improved by using nutrients levels recommended by Hy- line company for commercial laying hens. Manuscript profile