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Open Access Article
1 - Presenting a new model for ATM demand scenario
Alireza Agha Gholizadeh Sayyar Mohamadreza Motadel Alireza Pour ebrahimiIn today's competitive world, the ability to recognize predict customer demand is an important issue for the success of organizations. And since ATMs are one of the most important channels for cash distribution and one of the most fundamental criteria for assessing the MoreIn today's competitive world, the ability to recognize predict customer demand is an important issue for the success of organizations. And since ATMs are one of the most important channels for cash distribution and one of the most fundamental criteria for assessing the level of service to banks,In this paper, the number of referrers to ATM devices is reviewed based on the timing and location of the devices. This article seeks to find a dynamic and functional model for predicting the number of referrers to each ATM depending on the time and location of the device. Hence, 378 ATM machines were used throughout the city of Tehran for a time period of one month, containing 69,418 records. Finally, with the help of clustering of statistical data in spatial and temporal dimensions, this model finally succeeds in learning the pattern in the macro data, and based on the decision tree, the predictor can predict the number of referents to each device, which after the algorithm is presented. In order to improve the quality of banking services and improve the performance of the ATM network, it is proposed to combine the optimal location of ATMs in spatial and temporal dimensions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Future studies of aviation industry behavior based on demand and expansion capacity of passenger terminals scenarios using system dynamics
Ehsan Mohebbi Babak Shirazi Ali TajdinDue to the high speed of relocation, air transportation has particular importance for the development of socio-economic systems of each region or country. The wide area of Iran in order to the geographical characteristics and economic growth speed has the high potential MoreDue to the high speed of relocation, air transportation has particular importance for the development of socio-economic systems of each region or country. The wide area of Iran in order to the geographical characteristics and economic growth speed has the high potential for the expansion of air transport. The main purpose of this paper is to the future study of Iran’s air travel demand and passenger terminals capacity. The paper has presented a method for developing the air passenger demand forecast model and the scenarios related to runway and passenger terminals capacity expansion. The approach meets the future demand from the point of view of system dynamics in the horizon of 2020. Although there are a number of studies in the air transport field based on the system dynamics, the researchers have not been conducted to investigate the demand for air travel and the development of passenger terminals capacity in Iran. Due to the developed model and study, the pessimistic and optimistic scenarios different sensitivity values have been compared within these three scenarios . Scenarios are designed based on capacity factors, the number of flights per day, the use of airport runways, and airline congestion. Using the different conditions of scenarios and predicting the conditions that may occur in the future for the country's airline industry, it is possible to test the overall behavior of the model. In order to verification and validation of the proposed method, Vensim system dynamics simulation have been used for model development and sensitivity analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Forecasting of OPEC's Global Crude Oil Demand using Vector Self-Engagement Models, Collective Exploration and Gravitational Search
heshmatolah asgari mohammadreza omidi zahra malekinia ALIAKBAR OMIDIKnowledge about future oil demand is essential for OPEC member countries to set priorities and select policies in order to achieve economic growth and development. So in this study, the OPEC oil demand has been predicted using time series models Including Structural Vec MoreKnowledge about future oil demand is essential for OPEC member countries to set priorities and select policies in order to achieve economic growth and development. So in this study, the OPEC oil demand has been predicted using time series models Including Structural Vector Autoregressive model (SVAR), Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model (ARIMA) and Gravitational Search Algorithm (That is one of the Innovative Search Algorithms) applying demand data from 1970 to 2014. In this regard, three criteria including Mean Sum of Squared Errors (MSSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) have been used to measure the predictive power of triple models. Results indicate that the SVAR model has the most appropriate prediction of OPEC global demand. According to results of this model, net export variable has a positive and significant impact on oil demand and OPEC petroleum price and non- OPEC production variables have a negative and significant impact on oil demand. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Design of a Mathematical Model for Production and Delivery Planning in the Supply Chain Systems.
M. Aryanejad M. ModiriThe 1980s witnessed the establishment of many new production strategies, including Just-in-timemanufacturing, Lean manufacturing, Kanban systems, and Total quality management. (TQM)These strategies have been applied by many companies to improve system management, enhanc MoreThe 1980s witnessed the establishment of many new production strategies, including Just-in-timemanufacturing, Lean manufacturing, Kanban systems, and Total quality management. (TQM)These strategies have been applied by many companies to improve system management, enhance productand process quality, and reduce operating and inventory costs, in order to better compete in differentmarkets.Recently, however, the strategies have focused more on improving supply chain management to achievethese goals. Many of the advances in supply chain management can be analyzed with the aid of a computer.Computer – aided decision - support tools play a very important role in assisting and supporting decisionmakers managing a complex supply chain system.This dissertation develops a computer - aided decision - support tool: an integer linear optimization modelof a deterministic multi - item, multi - stage, multi - period, capacitated, with deterministic demandgeneralized network supply chain system. The model uses a kanban control system to plan and allocateproduction and delivery throughout the supply chain - The main objective of the model is to minimize thecost of Kanban injection, the cost of finished goods inventory, and the cost of work - in - process inventoryin the system. Practical problems of supply chain systems with associated optimal production and deliveryallocation are also presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Economic assessment and Policies on controlling air pollution due to Transportation: Case study of Tehran
J. Pejoyan A. moghiminiaThe air pollution which is at present on of the most important problems in the city of Tehran, as anexternality, imposes costs and expenses on the economy of the country. These costs which are sometimesunaccountable while add to the environmental issues in the long &nda MoreThe air pollution which is at present on of the most important problems in the city of Tehran, as anexternality, imposes costs and expenses on the economy of the country. These costs which are sometimesunaccountable while add to the environmental issues in the long – run and aggravate the circumstances inaccessing to sustainable development. So, by controlling and reducing the air pollution the necessarygrounds for creating appropriate and suitable conditions for growth and development should be prepared.Controlling the air pollution can be assessed in two directions (pivotal stages).First, posing rules and controls by the policymakers and second, setting environmental taxes. Using theestimations by the model which analysis the air pollution resulted from transportation in Tehran, weconclude that the distance demand is a less elastic factor (good) which is due to the low price of gas inTehran. The findings of the estimations after setting (posing) environmental taxes (taxes on the price of gasand distance plus taxes on vehicles) also, indicate that considering the less elasticity of the driven distancedemand, setting these types of taxes is merely useful for the income purposes of the government, while,pigovian purposes, that is, reducing the air pollution through reducing demand by consumers Will not besatisfactory via posing these types of taxes Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The Effect of Cultural Components on Life Insurance Demand from the View of Central Insurance Staff of Iran (With emphasis on Futuristic views)
Niloufar Mirsepasi Hajieh Rajabi FarjadThe present study aimed to evaluate the impact of cultural components on life insurance demand from the view of employees of central insurance of Iran by descriptive-correlation method. The study population is all staffs of Iran central insurance in 214. According to th MoreThe present study aimed to evaluate the impact of cultural components on life insurance demand from the view of employees of central insurance of Iran by descriptive-correlation method. The study population is all staffs of Iran central insurance in 214. According to the latest statistics, the staffs are 513.A sample size of 220 is selected by Cochran’s formula. Simple random sampling method is used for sampling method. To evaluate effective cultural components on life insurance demand, a researcher-built questionnaire is used with the same title. Pearson correlation test and regression analysis are applied for data analysis. The results of study show that there is a direct and positive association between cultural components and life insurance demand. In other words, cultural components lead to the increase of life insurance demand. The results of the study show that futuristic views component has direct and positive association with life insurance demand. IN other words, futuristic views lead to increase of life insurance demand. Also, there is a direct and positive association between awareness and life insurance demand. In other words, awareness leads to the increase of life insurance demand. It is shown that there is a direct and positive association between reasoning and life insurance demand. In other words, reasoning increases life insurance demand. Also, the results of the study showed that reasoning, futuristic views and awareness was predictor of increasing life insurance demand. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Evaluating impact Demand management policies (price and non price) on Energy conservation in IRAN using Energy system model
M. R. Sharifazadeh Ali A. EsmaeilniaEnergy as a fundamental factor of production processes an important place in the economics system so thatproviding secured energy is one of the most important problem for attaining sustained growth anddevelopment. Non consistency of domestic national product growth with MoreEnergy as a fundamental factor of production processes an important place in the economics system so thatproviding secured energy is one of the most important problem for attaining sustained growth anddevelopment. Non consistency of domestic national product growth with that of energy consumption growthin the country shows that energy productivity is reduced. Therefore for purposes of energy efficiency andenergy conservation you meet to apply appropriate policies for the country.Implementation of demand management, policy in line with rationalization of energy consumption, ispossible in the content of price and or non price policy or combination of there two. By using an energysystem model in the content of various scenario a suitable policy was chosen, and the result optimal showedthat potential for conservation in the case of using price scenario was much higher in combination of pricepolicy. But using a combination of price policy(moving towards prices with marginal cost) and non price(moving towards using of legal instruments, standards, regulations and….) can be a more suitable policypackage for the country. I fact evaluation results of policies in the content of five scenarios, showed thisfundamental finding that by implementing a combination of price policy and non price policy such as settingstandards, passing laws and applying regulations in line with increases in productivity and improvingtechnical efficiencies of energy consuming facilities, the country can benefit more of the results of demandmanagement policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Leveraging Engaged Parties in SIP Domains of eTOM Framework by using ITSM Reference Model
Faranak Mireskandari Ramin Nasiri Gholamreza Latif Shabgahi -
Open Access Article
9 - A Survey of the Relationship between Foreign Direct Investment, Clean Energy, Trade Liberalization, Economic Growth with Energy Demand in Iran
Ahmad Ali Asadpour Elena EskeroochiEnergy is one of the most important inputs for development and production. Trying to efficient use of energy in all the advanced countries of the world is the most important factor for sustainable industrial development. Determine the relationship between economic growt MoreEnergy is one of the most important inputs for development and production. Trying to efficient use of energy in all the advanced countries of the world is the most important factor for sustainable industrial development. Determine the relationship between economic growth, foreign direct investment and trade liberalization in the energy, not only considerable political implications, but it is essential to achieve sustainable development goals.The present study investigated how foreign direct investment, clean energy, trade liberalization, economic growth are related to energy demand in Iran over 1976-2012. Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) and Vector Error Correction Model were used to determine long-term relationships. Empirical results indicated that foreign direct investment, trade liberalization, CO emissions, and economic growth are directly correlated with energy demand. In addition, the results from Vector Error Correction Model indicated the slow trend of adjustment towards equilibrium. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Designing the demand model for social networks in the interpersonal communication of Iranian users
Ahmad Ghayuomi Ali Akbar Farhangi hamidreza Hoseini DanaAbstract This research, based on economic theories, has tried to explore the demand function of social networks and face-to-face communications and examine the relationship between these two functions. For this purpose, in this research, studies on economic modeling ha MoreAbstract This research, based on economic theories, has tried to explore the demand function of social networks and face-to-face communications and examine the relationship between these two functions. For this purpose, in this research, studies on economic modeling have been attempted to extract explicit and implicit content around this theme. Analysis Unit In this study, users of Iranian social networks are. A questionnaire was used to collect information that was completed in individual and group sessions. The research community of social network users in Iran is selected based on available population of 120 people and selected in Tehran (with homogeneous characteristics). Nonlinear logarithmic regression analysis and nonlinear one-dimensional search were considered. Findings show that social networking is more than just interpersonal communication in the face of necessity, and in the studied society, social networks are used as a substitute for face-to-face communication. Findings show that social networking is more than just interpersonal communication in the face of necessity, and in the studied society, social networks are used as a substitute for face-to-face communication. Findings show that social networking is more than just interpersonal communication in the face of necessity, and in the studied society, social networks are used as a substitute for face-to-face communication. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The Conceptual Model of Improving the Quality of the Environment in Urban Centers with Emphasizing on Policy of Transportation Demand Management
Mansoureh Fouladi Hamid Majedi Hosein Zabihi Zahra Sadat Saeideh ZarabadiNowadays in Tehran, one of the most important factors that have reduced the environmental quality of the cities historical, cultural, and tourism centers has been the growing number of private cars in the whole city. Especially in the historic city center, where has led MoreNowadays in Tehran, one of the most important factors that have reduced the environmental quality of the cities historical, cultural, and tourism centers has been the growing number of private cars in the whole city. Especially in the historic city center, where has led to increasing problems such as traffic jams and environmental pollution, which reduces the vitality and decrease the quality of the environment in the region and ultimately led to a reduction in tourist attraction to this valuable historical area (which has registered more than 177 valuable cultural-historical heritage as world heritage). Has been hence, the organs affiliated with the city's municipal administration have been implementing various traffic policies in this area to reduce their dependence on personal vehicles. In this research, using the exploratory mixed methods research method, five general dimensions for the environmental quality. Using the confirmatory factor analysis method (CFA analysis method), the effect of the policy was identified Traffic (including two punitive policies: car traffic restrictions, parking, and park management, and two incentive policies: pedestrian development and public transport development) on improving the quality of the five dimensions of transport, socio-cultural, infrastructure-Physical, Environmental and Economic center of Tehran Historical Center. The research instrument was a questionnaire, and 378 people were selected based on the Cochran formula. The questionnaire was distributed in the 12th district of Tehran (according to the historical Tehran (Tehran Safavid). The analysis of the questionnaire was done using Lisrel software. The results showed that it was vital to study five environmental qualities, then transport dimension had the most impact, and the socio-cultural dimension had the least one on the traffic policies applied in the study area. The results also indicate that the development of pedestrian development policy and public transportation development has the most effect on the quality of the public space in the historical center of Tehran. Finally, with the use of two winning traffic policies (pedestrian development policy and public transport development), suggestions have been made to improve vitality and the quality (especially in terms of environmental and socio-cultural dimensions) of the study area is given. The results of the present article are vital because of obtaining through quantitative-qualitative, exploratory research methods, field techniques and libraries, analysis of relevant conceptual models, and the instrumental use of a new social marketing approach in issues related to urban communities. Actually, many of the urban problems and the choice of travel behavioral patterns in Iran are based on the beliefs and unfavorable attitudes of citizens towards the environment around their life and city. Changing these behaviors can provide the grounds for solving traffic problems and reducing intra-city car-based travel, and consequently the realization of improving the environmental quality of urban spaces. As a result, to achieve better success in the proposal and executing the plan and for having metropolitan centers with more vitality, the use of citizen participation policy through the application of social marketing techniques, in implementing the transport demand management policies, confirmed as an optimal alternative. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Modeling the Spatial Characteristics of City Parks Based on Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) Analysis Using Coefficients of General Performance of Park (GPP) and Area of Supply and Demand (ASD) (Case Study: First Region of Tehran)
Seyed Hadi ghoddusifar Amir Mohammad Salehabadi Ali Mohammadpor -
Open Access Article
13 - Two Paradigms of Endogenous Development: Production Process & Supply-demand Relationship
Seyed Gholamreza Islami Seyed Yahya Islami -
Open Access Article
14 - The most productivity scale of the return on working capital versus the realization of demand
Mahnaz Ahadzadeh Namin Elahe KhamsehThe indicators used in economics to calculate the productivity scale are not always positive, therefore, existing models need to be developed to calculate the productivity scale for the semi-negative and semi-positive output index. However, companies with a lack of capa MoreThe indicators used in economics to calculate the productivity scale are not always positive, therefore, existing models need to be developed to calculate the productivity scale for the semi-negative and semi-positive output index. However, companies with a lack of capacity need to achieve economies of scale and demand for realization simultaneously in the presence of a negative outflow index, especially when demand of companies varies, but always the amount of customer demand is equal to the amount Output, the demand level may be less than the maximum output level of the most productivity scale (MPSS), between the highest output level of the MPSS and the maximum output level, or greater than the maximum output level. When the output indicator is evaluated, the return on capital is in circulation, since this index can have negative values. One of the questions is, what models can be used to maximize the efficiency of the ROI in comparison with the realization of the demand? In this paper, we intend to find, in the three scenarios, the demand level, the highest productivity efficiency indicator of the return on capital employed in comparison with the demand for 24 active insurance companies in 1396. In fact, we will provide a development of Lee's (2016) paper for the positive and negative outflow index, and eventually we will launch on 24 active insurance companies in 1396. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - The Most Productive Scale Compared to Demand Fulfillment (Case Study: Insurance Companies)
M. Ahadzadeh namin E. KhamsehEconomics depends on the economic scale of planning. Economists study the characteristics of the production function, while community operating management focuses on demand realization, so that loss of sales or inventory prevents cost reductions and maximizes profits. H MoreEconomics depends on the economic scale of planning. Economists study the characteristics of the production function, while community operating management focuses on demand realization, so that loss of sales or inventory prevents cost reductions and maximizes profits. However, companies with a lack of capacity need to achieve economies of scale and demand to realize them simultaneously, especially when corporate demand is fluctuating. But always the customer's demand is not equal to output, the demand level may be less than the maximum output level of the highest productivity scale (MPSS), between the highest output level of the MPSS and the maximum output level, or greater than the maximum output level. In this paper, we intend to find the highest level of productivity in relation to the demand for active insurance companies in 1396 in all three scenarios. In fact, we will examine the applicability of Lee's (2016) paper in insurance companies in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The Impact of Oil Price Shocks on the Stock Returns of Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE)
کیومرث شهبازی ابراهیم رضایی یاور صالحیThe objective of this study is to investigate the influence of the oil shocks caused bycrude oil supply and demand on stock returns of Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). For thispurpose, a Structural Vector Autoregressive model (SVAR) has been estimated based onthe monthly da MoreThe objective of this study is to investigate the influence of the oil shocks caused bycrude oil supply and demand on stock returns of Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). For thispurpose, a Structural Vector Autoregressive model (SVAR) has been estimated based onthe monthly data (1991 to 2010) including world crude oil supply, world demand forindustrial products, real price of the crude oil and real stock returns in TSE variables.Fluctuations of the real price of the crude oil are attributed to three structural shocks:World crude oil supply shocks, world crude oil demand shocks and world industrialproducts demand shocks. Furthermore, effects of these shocks on the real stock returns ofTSE have been studied in this study. The results show that the oil supply shock has nosignificant impact on the stock returns, but the global demand shock and the oil specificdemand shock have a significantly positive impact on the Stock Returns of Tehran StockExchange (TSE). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Evaluating the environmental and economic impacts of Carbon Tax Using Computable General Equilibrium Model (CGE)
جمشید پژویان حسن معین نعمتیThis paper deals with environmental, welfare and employment effects of Carbon Tax. Carbon tax as a policy instrument, internalizes the external cost of air pollution in price of fuel. The very objective of carbon tax is not only to reduce fuel consumption and hence redu MoreThis paper deals with environmental, welfare and employment effects of Carbon Tax. Carbon tax as a policy instrument, internalizes the external cost of air pollution in price of fuel. The very objective of carbon tax is not only to reduce fuel consumption and hence reduce harmful emissions made by economic agents, but also to lessen the tax burden on wage earners and reduce labor cost which in turn provides incentives for job creation. This study uses Computable General Equilibrium Model which is revenue neutral, i.e. total tax income is taken constant in the model. The model is a non- linear equation system. GAMS as a Software along with input – output table pertaining to Iranian economy is used to solve the mode. The model was calibrated to base year 1378[1]. The findings in this study indicate that the use Carbon Tax as a policy instrument to alleviate the Burdon of tax on labor income, would improve qualitavely the environmental standards and reduce the environmental concerns besides to positive impact on employment and welfare gains. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The estimation of residential Demand with Hedonic Model (Case study of Ghaemshahr city)
احمد جعفری صمیمی شهریار زروکی حسین اعتصامیHeterogeneous commodity residential units that has several dimensions, and is characteristic. Demand for residential units with regard to each dimension and its features can be ranked. This study using Hedonic method, each value specifies attributes. MoreHeterogeneous commodity residential units that has several dimensions, and is characteristic. Demand for residential units with regard to each dimension and its features can be ranked. This study using Hedonic method, each value specifies attributes. Hedonic model in this study using a cross-sectional data in 1387 as a field in which the city has been collecting Ghaemshahr and the place features, and physical environment of residential units has been estimated. Based on the results, the most important factors affecting the value of the land area of residential units. Under the surface, number of bedrooms, distance from residential units downtown, the distance from the main street of residential units, residential unit distance from the park and green space is. The demand functions for each of the specifications in terms of household income, age and number of people in households headed households, respectively. The results show that, for the income elasticity for all parameters is smaller than a interactively highest and lowest income elasticity related to the level of infrastructure is the number of bedrooms. Traction coefficient of land area, below the level and number of bedrooms than the number of people in the household is positive and significant, and this proves that if the number of people in a household will increase the demand for residential units with an area of land, infrastructure and level Number of bedrooms above goes further. The surface tension coefficient of infrastructure and the number of bedrooms than age households is positive and significant, and indicate that whatever age households exceeds his desire to have more residential units with an area above ground level and the number of building more rooms Sleep is more. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - An Analysis of Consumption Behavior among Urban Households through Error Correction model Linear Approximate of Almost Ideal Demand System
A. Moradi F. MostashariThe present paper studies consumption pattern of the following selected items; housing, appliances & furniture, fuel and clothing, for urban households in Iran through Error Correction Model Linear Approximate of Almost Ideal Demand System (ECM-LA-AIDS) based on a c MoreThe present paper studies consumption pattern of the following selected items; housing, appliances & furniture, fuel and clothing, for urban households in Iran through Error Correction Model Linear Approximate of Almost Ideal Demand System (ECM-LA-AIDS) based on a co-integration approach from 1980 to 2010. The results indicate that while Iranian households suffer from money illusion, there is speedy adjustment toward long-run equilibrium in the first three markets. Comparing short-term price elasticities of demand with long-term Marshal/Hicks elasticities indicate that implementation of price control are more effective in short run. However, expenditure elasticities for all categories except clothing are higher in the long-run. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The Effects of Macro economic Variables on Life Insurance Demand (Case study: MENA Region (
کامبیز پیکارجو فرهاد غفاری فهیمه شاهانیIn developed countries a significant part of trade volume of insurance industry (over 50 percent) belong to the life insurance. The share of life insurance in insurance markets in developed countries, is considered as a degree of development in insurance industries in d MoreIn developed countries a significant part of trade volume of insurance industry (over 50 percent) belong to the life insurance. The share of life insurance in insurance markets in developed countries, is considered as a degree of development in insurance industries in different countries, therefore developing countries intended to review the factors that affect growth and development life insurance to be able to accelerate development and increase the input size of insurance sector of capital markets. This research assesses the effects of macro economic variables on the demand for life insurance in the selected countries by using panel data estimation method between 1999-2008. Results of this study show that all macro economic variables( inflation, interest rates, financial development, GDP per capital and employment) have significant effect on demand for life insurance in studied countries. It is obvious that financial development has minimum effect on purchasing life insurance in this countries, also there is no significant relationship between oil shock and the demand for life insurance in studied countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Welfare Effects of Enforcing Targeted Protectiviste Policies on Food Security in Vulnerable groups
کامبیز هژبرکیانی فرنوش حاجیهاIn this study, due to the necessity of targeted subsidies to the need for supportive policies on food security of vulnerable and detailed cost data - household income in 1388 and mathematical programming techniques (MGA), the demand system is almost ideal (AIDS) and com MoreIn this study, due to the necessity of targeted subsidies to the need for supportive policies on food security of vulnerable and detailed cost data - household income in 1388 and mathematical programming techniques (MGA), the demand system is almost ideal (AIDS) and compensating variation (CV) was used.In this study, basket of food has been so favorable that, while fine for standard amounts of nutrients, the budget confirmed a household medicine community as well as it has been applied. In the next step the main group of edible materials which had highest share in household costs have been introduced oral material and after estimating these groups demand functions by approximated almost Ideal demand system and method of regression separate appearance patterns (SUR) demand functions coefficients were obtained. Then using the same elasticity values of the demand analysis, spontaneous, and introduces the crossover has been calculated and the results are used to estimate the effects on welfare. It is notable that goal of this study was to focus on the provision of food security is vulnerable strata, using economic estimates of damage to households that have been introduced in this regard and comparison of effects of welfare changes in some price of major household goods, edible basket, vulnerable households as community has been defining the target and finally, with the emphasis on the necessity of identification of that society, necessary credits to support of optimal shopping free get into account premises Of different goods have been introduced in scenarios price is achieved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Evaluation of Consumers' Welfare Costs Due to Rise of Energy Carriers Prices (A Case Study of Iran)
قدرتاله اماموردی رضا هفتلنگ مهدی فراهانیIn this research, in order to survey and assess the effects of increasing energy carriers on consumers' welfare costs in Iran, measurement indexes of welfare costs(EV,CV) and AIDS demand function has been used.Applied data including energy carriers' price (Gasoline, Ker MoreIn this research, in order to survey and assess the effects of increasing energy carriers on consumers' welfare costs in Iran, measurement indexes of welfare costs(EV,CV) and AIDS demand function has been used.Applied data including energy carriers' price (Gasoline, Kerosene, Gas Oil, Furnace Fuel Oil, and Liquefied Gas); consumption share and quantity are for the period from 1974 to 2008.Model results indicate that increasing in prices or realizing prices in according to government suggested price scenario results decreasing 16.5 % in utility level and in order to compensating consumers' income and achieving their initial utility level, sum of RLS 510,000 should be paid annually. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Estimation of the Housing DemandFunction for the city of Qom, using the Hedonic Price Pattern
فرهاد Ghafari طاهره OvasiThe objective of this research is to estimate the demand for housingin the city of Qom. We apply the Hedonic price pattern methodology and study household’s preference for various features of residential units. Based on our approach, the value of a residential uni MoreThe objective of this research is to estimate the demand for housingin the city of Qom. We apply the Hedonic price pattern methodology and study household’s preference for various features of residential units. Based on our approach, the value of a residential unit is influenced by its own specific as well as environmental characteristics.The data is provided bythe Qom municipality and Statistic Center for the year 2011. Based on the information from 497 households, the results of our study indicate that the specific features of a residential unit, such as the size of land, number of rooms and the quality of material used, are the most determinants of its price. Furthermore, the location and neighborhood features such as the width of the alley in which the house is located, distance from the nearest school, park, and mosque are also significant.JEL Classification: C81,R21 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Comparing the impact of information and communication technology on employment in Ilam and Lorestan province industries
فرید SefatiAs we know two provinces, Lorestan and Ilam, are as derived provinces in Iran despite their natural resources .on the other hand , today is the world of information technology and communication .according to these conditions, the question is , what is the effect of new MoreAs we know two provinces, Lorestan and Ilam, are as derived provinces in Iran despite their natural resources .on the other hand , today is the world of information technology and communication .according to these conditions, the question is , what is the effect of new economical achievements on the employment of these two provinces ? this essay has attempted to answer this question .therefore, the purpose of the essay is identifying, considering, comparing and estimating information technology effect on the employment in the industry of Lorestan and Ilam between 1385 and 1386(It is necessary to mention that one of the basic problem in this study I the lack of statistics and information, along with statistics dispersion. Thus,whit great effort only the information of these two years has been collected).this study has been done in a descriptive , analytic and deductive manner .Using econometrics model and panel data has analyzed and compared information technology effect or communication on the employment and demand labor in Lorestan and Ilam .the result shows that information technology has little effect on the job creation in these two provinces ,especially Ilam . The important reason is due the labors knowledge in the industry of these provinces and the lack of necessary infrastructure .generally all the given hypotheses in the study are not accepted. Therefore, information technology and communication don’t have similar effect on the job creation in these two provinces, Thus according to the great effects of knowledge of economics in economics, there is a need invest purposefully in order to achieve goals in these two provinces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Estimation of Natural Gas Demand Function in Residential and Commercial Sectors in Iran: a Nonlinear Approach
علیرضا حاج ملاعلی کنی مجید عباسپور زهرا عابدیThis paper attempts to model the demand function for natural gas in residential and commercial sectors in Iran using econometric approach of smooth transition regression in a continuous and nonlinear manner. To this end, the annual data of natural gas real price and ele MoreThis paper attempts to model the demand function for natural gas in residential and commercial sectors in Iran using econometric approach of smooth transition regression in a continuous and nonlinear manner. To this end, the annual data of natural gas real price and electricity real price in residential and commercial sectors, revenue, the number of natural gas consumers and mean temperature for the period 1972 to 2009 have been utilized as the impact factors of natural gas demand in residential and commercial sectors. The results indicate that natural gas demand follows a two-regime pattern of LSTR1 considering the real price of natural gas in residential and commercial sectors as the transition variable. The LSTR1 model estimated the regime switching point, or the threshold extreme, to be at 60.95 Rials-Cubic Meter of real price of natural gas, and determined the slope parameter to be 27.6. Variables such as revenue, real price of gas, and the number of consumers affect the natural gas consumption positively in residential and commercial sectors and their effectiveness increase as the threshold extreme is passed. Natural gas demand. On the other hand, it maintains an inverse relation with the real price of natural gas whose effectiveness increases with entry into the second regime. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Impact of Subsidies Targeting on Structural Stability of Model Coefficient of Consumer Demand
همایون رنجبر مهری کبیریانSubsidies targeting is one the most important and effective step in government action in the direction of economic reform in the country. With implementation of this plan the prices will be actualized leading to the possibility of change in the relative consumer welfare MoreSubsidies targeting is one the most important and effective step in government action in the direction of economic reform in the country. With implementation of this plan the prices will be actualized leading to the possibility of change in the relative consumer welfare and the composition of consumers’ expenses and their long run demand behavior. Accordingly, the goal of this research is to investigate the above mentioned effects in terms of country demand functions system via Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) in form of two groups of import goods and domestic sales in terms of durable and nondurable goods during (1978-2007). For this purpose, after estimating the model, the hypothesis of structural stability of model coefficient will be test in the forecast period of (2010-2015) via simulation of model variables according to the definition of different scenarios of inflation effects resulting from subsidies targeting and the growth rate of gross national product, once on the supposition of government achievement to the goals of the fifth program of development (growth rate of 8%) and the other on the basis of growth rate of 3%. The results showed that the implementation of subsidies targeting policy at the annual gross national product growth rate of 3% and 8% preserves structural stability of demand model coefficients at each inflationary level from 10% to 70%. Accordingly, with emphasis on the continuation of subsidies targeting plan, it is purposed to reduce and control inflation and also to support domestic products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Effect of Economic Stability on Demand for Money in Iran (1973‐2008)
رویا آل عمران فهیمه نصراله سیدعلی آل عمرانIn this survey, we study the impact of the economic stability on demandfor money in Iran. We use ARCH‐GARCH model to introduce an EconomicStability Index (ESI), which is a weighted average of variables such as grossdomestic product (GDP), foreign exchange rate, inflatio MoreIn this survey, we study the impact of the economic stability on demandfor money in Iran. We use ARCH‐GARCH model to introduce an EconomicStability Index (ESI), which is a weighted average of variables such as grossdomestic product (GDP), foreign exchange rate, inflation rate, long‐terminterest rate, and Stock Market Average Price Index.With the help our calculated ESI and employing the ARDL method weestimate the demand for money in Iran for the period of 1352‐1387. Theresults of our study show that the Economic Stability Index has a positiveimpact on demand for money in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Estimating the Time Value of Daily Occupational and Educational Trips to multiplicity from Their Nearby Regions
N. Rezaei O.K. SanginovThe goal of this study is to estimate the demand for daily trip to Tehran from the suburban areas. To determine the time value lost due to traffic congestion, following Gary Baker and considering the theory of time allocation, the value of daily trips has been estimated MoreThe goal of this study is to estimate the demand for daily trip to Tehran from the suburban areas. To determine the time value lost due to traffic congestion, following Gary Baker and considering the theory of time allocation, the value of daily trips has been estimated. To have a better understanding about the purpose and the consequences of these trips and based on the data provided by The Population and Housing Census 1385 (2006) demands for occupational and educational have been estimated. JEL Classification:C81 ,R21 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Comparing and Choosing Between the Almost Ideal Demand System and The Rotterdam Models For Household Demand Estimation in Urban Areas During the Period (1357-87
مصطفی رجبی آزاده علیخانی همایون رنجبرAnalysis of household behavior and how to allocate its limited income to purchase goods and services, is considered to be one of the important subjects of economics. Because in most countries, economic decision-making in order to adopt the proper economic policy for the MoreAnalysis of household behavior and how to allocate its limited income to purchase goods and services, is considered to be one of the important subjects of economics. Because in most countries, economic decision-making in order to adopt the proper economic policy for the benefit and welfare of the community, identifying household preferences and anticipating future needs is essential. Therefore, this study is aimed to analyze the consumption behavior of households in urban areas in the country (1357-87) and to estimate the demand for goods and services , representative of urban households, using the almost ideal demand and the Rotterdam demand: the two models which are compared to select the appropriate model. It should be noted that both models with the assumptions of the model with homogeneous and bound symmetrical form have been estimated. The results of own price elasticity are approximately the same (all with the expected sign) as cross-price elasticity in both models and differences found in the two models at the same level of income is 95 percent. While both types of model Product Groups of income represent equal income. Finally, the comparison test between the two models also indicate a lack of significant difference between the two models investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - The Effects of Targeting Subsidies in Iran on VAT Revenues
الهام غلامیThe main objective of the article is to evaluate possible effects of targeting subsidies on the performance of VAT revenues in IRAN. Considering the characteristics of the VAT system in Iran, the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS( and Panel data methods have been used to MoreThe main objective of the article is to evaluate possible effects of targeting subsidies on the performance of VAT revenues in IRAN. Considering the characteristics of the VAT system in Iran, the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS( and Panel data methods have been used to forecast the VAT revenues in two different scenarios (targeting and not-targeting of subsidies) for the years 1389,1390. The results of the study show that targeting subsidies in 1389 may result in 19 percent increase in the revenue, while targeting subsidies in 1390 increases VAT by 41 both in current prices. Furthermore, the results of the model show that if the subsidies is not targeted and the 1389 budget bill forecast of the VAT is also replaced with the Forecasts made by the author, then the growth of the VAT will be negative. However the negative growth will be slight if the subsidies are targeted in the current year. Therefore, it is concluded that targeting subsidies may realize the budget forecasts of the VAT. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - A Study of Demand Factors on Foreign Tourism in Iran
Meysam Musai -
Open Access Article
32 - Dual Spacization Approach to the Electronic Publishing
Saied Reza Ameli -
Open Access Article
33 - Offering and Testing a Model to Explain the Physician Induced Demand in Iran
Abvalqasem Golkhandan Elaham FatholahiIntroduction: According to the physician induced demand hypothesis, health care demand may be due to asymmetric information in health market, is influenced by the behavior of health suppliers. This study first assumes that the number of physician reduced health expendit MoreIntroduction: According to the physician induced demand hypothesis, health care demand may be due to asymmetric information in health market, is influenced by the behavior of health suppliers. This study first assumes that the number of physician reduced health expenditures, because of the increase the supply of health. But to achieve a specified level of physician, called threshold level, because of the physician induced demand hypothesis, competition between physicians, is leading to an increase in health spending. So, the major aim of this study is to evaluate the U shape hypothesis between the number of physicians and health expenditures in Iran. Methods: This study using time series data for 1971-2013, is investigated the possible non-linear relationship between per capita health expenditure (dependent variable), per capita physician (independent variable) and mortality rate (controlled variable). For this purpose, is used the Logistic Smooth Transition Regression (LSTR) model. Also, the statistical analyzes were performed using the EXCEL, EVIEWS and JMALTI soft wares. Results: The results of the model LSTR, in addition to confirm the nonlinear effects of per capita physician on per capita health expenditure, show that the per capita physician per 10,000 population, influence on the per capita health expenditure in the form of two regime structure with threshold level about of 12.24. So that, in the first regime, per capita physician had a negative impact on per capita health expenditure (disapproval the induced demand hypothesis), but this impact is positive in the second regime (confirm the induced demand hypothesis). So, U-shaped impact hypothesis of per capita physician on per capita health expenditure in Iran, is not rejected. Conclusion: Since at the moment the physician per capita per 10,000 population, is most of the threshold level, the country is located in the second regime. Accordingly, adopt more suitable policies to prevent from the induction of demand by physicians, is necessary. Introduction: This study first assumes that the number of physician reduced health expenditures, because of the increase the supply of health. But to achieve a specified level of physician, called threshold level, because of the physician induced demand hypothesis, competition between physicians, is leading to an increase in health spending. So, The major aim of this study is to evaluate the U shape hypothesis between the number of physicians and health expenditures in Iran.Methods: This study using time series data for 1971-2013, is investigated the possible non-linear relationship between per capita health expenditure (dependent variable), per capita physician (independent variable) and mortality rate (controlled variable). For this purpose, is used the Logistic Smooth Transition Regression (LSTR) model. Also, the statistical analyzes were performed using the EXCEL, EVIEWS and JMALTI soft wares.Results: The results of the model LSTR, in addition to confirm the nonlinear effects of per capita physician on per capita health expenditure, show that the per capita physician per 10,000 population, influence on the per capita health expenditure in the form of two regime structure with threshold level about of 12.24. So that, In the first regime, per capita physician had a negative impact on per capita health expenditure (disapproval the induced demand hypothesis), but this impact is positive in the second regime (confirm the induced demand hypothesis). Conclusion: Since at the moment the physician per capita per 10,000 population, is most of the threshold level, The country is located in the second regime. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Estimated Demand for Medical services Case Study of Shiraz and Arsanjan Cities "Generalized Logit and ANN Method
morteza hasanshahiIntroduction: The doctor is a health care provider which is depreciated due to, work, accidents, environmental pollution and age and increases the demand for health services; many factors have an impact on the demand for health services; this study attempts to measure t MoreIntroduction: The doctor is a health care provider which is depreciated due to, work, accidents, environmental pollution and age and increases the demand for health services; many factors have an impact on the demand for health services; this study attempts to measure the impact of 18 of the most important ones. Methodology: The model used is the Generalized Logit and ANN. The population includes those who referred to Shiraz and Arsanjan hospitals in 1994. The sample consists of 100 patients and 100 patient patients (non-patient) and data Collected through questionnaires. Findings: The results of model validity tests including fit of Goodness (Pearson and Deviance index), Parallel Regression, Maximum likelihood, and Newton-Raphson Algorithm indicate that the validity of the model is up to 84% confidence. According to the results, increase of 1% in visit, 2% of demand for services is reduced. The initial health and beliefs has the same interpretation of visit. An increase of one percent in premiums caused a decrease of 3.11% and increases one unit in health index, decrease of 1.3% and a one year increase in age, increase of 10%, and daily consumption of one cigarette, increases 0.04% in demand Health care. Conclusion: According to the results, health, insurance, education and awareness of body anatomy have the greatest impact and smoking and job have the least impact on the demand for health care. With increasing age, education, insurance coverage, awareness and income, the demand for treatment increases. On the other hand, over time, education, awareness and per capita income are rising, so, the demand for these services will increase in the future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Optimization of costs, time and transportation system's reliability in a four-echelon supply chain network; using mixed integer linear programming
Poriya Mohammadzadeh-Sagha Ahmad Ebrahimi maryam lotfiThe effectiveness and efficiency of each organization is the result of management performance and its supply chain structure. In order to optimizing the total costs, lead time and transportation system's reliability in all levels of supply chain network, a multi-objecti MoreThe effectiveness and efficiency of each organization is the result of management performance and its supply chain structure. In order to optimizing the total costs, lead time and transportation system's reliability in all levels of supply chain network, a multi-objective mixed integer linear programming has been used in this paper. This mathematical modeling has addressed the design of a four-echelon supply chain structure, including multiple suppliers, multiple manufacturers, multiple distributors, and several customers. Optimizing costs has been considered based on the uncertainty of customers' demand. Also, the shortage of products is eligible in the mathematical modeling. In this paper, the uncertain demand is converted to deterministic by using Chance - Constrained Programming (CCP) approach. Due to the complexity of the model structure in large sizes, this paper has also proposed a meta-heuristic algorithm called Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGAII) as a solving method and the results have been analyzed. Finally, in order to validate the efficiency of the proposed meta-heuristic method, we compared the results in both the exact solution of the model and the proposed algorithm in small sizes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Evaluating The Impact of Growth Opportunities on Asymmetric Behavior of Costs: Information on Past (historical) Experiences Compared with Prospective Information
Sahar Sepasi Aidin Kiani Vahid AhmadianOne of the core issues in selecting the cost structure in a range of high adhesion and flexibility is to consider the impact of growth opportunities and demand uncertainty that company faces with them. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the impact of growth expe MoreOne of the core issues in selecting the cost structure in a range of high adhesion and flexibility is to consider the impact of growth opportunities and demand uncertainty that company faces with them. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the impact of growth expectations on adhesion behavior of the cost of goods sold, sale, public, and official costs, and operational costs of the companies. The results of the regression analysis using pooled data for the years between 2005 and 2014 show that Q Tobin's ratio (prospective information) increases the adhesion of cost of goods sold, but average of sales growth rate (historical data) had no significant impact on adhesion of these types of costs. In addition, both of mentioned ratios (Q Tobin’s and average of sales growth rate) increased the adhesion of operating costs. On the other hand, variables of growth opportunity (historical and prospective) had no significant impact on sale, public and official costs. Based on obtained results, it can be concluded that the impact of growth opportunities on adhesion of sold cost structure related mostly to historical experiences, while adhesion sensitivity of total operating costs depended on both Q Tobin's ratio and average of sales growth rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Study on Trade Restrictiveness of Agricultural Policies in Iran
G. Norouzi R. Moghaddasi S. Yazdani -
Open Access Article
38 - Estimation of Cinema Demand Function in Islamic Republic of Iran
دکتر میثم موسایی عبدالرحیم رحیمیPresently, the culture of economics in somecountries is given top priority against other sectors of civilian economics. This importantis not only due to the economical values of culture but also due to the outmost importanteffects which are able to boost the civilian ec MorePresently, the culture of economics in somecountries is given top priority against other sectors of civilian economics. This importantis not only due to the economical values of culture but also due to the outmost importanteffects which are able to boost the civilian economics both direct and indirect. In Iranalso, the culture economics has its own specific importance and it includes industriessuch as cinema, theater, mass media, publications, tourism and sports. Among these,cinema industries as an attractive phenomenon is much more effective with compare toother cultural products and is considered as a center of attraction and interests not onlyby all the culture and art lovely people but also by the sensitive politicians andeconomists too. Unfortunately, cinema demand in Iran has been decreased during last 3decades. Therefore, in view of such importance issue, this paper is aimed at estimatingthe function of demand for cinema in Iran based on the Iran's time series data during1985-2007 periods.Research Methodology: this research tries to use Case and Field Study ResearchMethod. Also according to Classic demand theory and econometric models is usedOrdinary Least Square Technique (OLS) for function of demand for cinema in Iran. Thisestimation is carried out by Eviews economical modeling package.Findings: In this research we have selected the best linerly equation as function ofdemand for cinema in Iran after estimation some equations and tested them. Regardingcinema demand in Iran, average price of ticket, and income, we found all relevant teststatistics indicate that there is relation between these variables. Here, cinema attendance inIran (cinema demand) as dependent variable and other variables such as ticket price,population and income are independent.Conclusion: We start our analysis with the specification of several approaches for cinemademand. According to calculation all of cinema demands elasticity, we analyzed theeffective factors on cinema demand in Iran, such as iterance cost, consumers incomeindex and population growth during 1985-2007 periods in this paper. However, in thisstudy we found cinema demand to be inelastic and elastic with respect to price andincome. Thus, cinema in Iran as cultural good from economic of viewpoint may indeed beseen as a luxury good. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - A study of effective spatial elements on urban tourism demand (case study: Ilam city)
ناهید سجادیان فاطمه پیریAbstract This study was a descriptive analytical methodology to evaluate the factors influencing the demand for tourist attractions. Using simple random sampling without replacement can result. How to collect data, survey liberality extrusion. For data analysis, Without MoreAbstract This study was a descriptive analytical methodology to evaluate the factors influencing the demand for tourist attractions. Using simple random sampling without replacement can result. How to collect data, survey liberality extrusion. For data analysis, Without replacement. The results of data analysis showed a Pearson correlation coefficient between the space and have demand of urban tourism in the city of Ilam and there is a significant positive relationship. According to the test, ANOVA test a significant level (Sig) to Shakhs space in the ./630 is the city of Ilam. Therefore, no significant differences between the spatial indexes in Ilam has been reported neither by the local inhabitants, nor by the tourists. Thus, meaningful agreemwnt in between the responsible authorities. there are also The R squared corrected showed that %70 of indicators into the model changes in tourism demand within the city of Ilam moved to explanation. Results show how tourists expectations of the area is badically formed by former visits, adds, and motivation coming from others. Service quality, easy access, and well and nice treatment recieved all bear non conditional influences on the voyage's quality, tourism experience and also on their futur demand. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - prioritization of factors and categories affecting the demand of foreign tourist
sayyad Irani Heris Majid vali Shariat Panahi bijan rahmaniForeign tourists and tourism demand are important in developing city tourism. Based on this, planners and city managers have always sought to measure tourism demand and identify the factors and categories that affect it and identify and prioritize these factors in order MoreForeign tourists and tourism demand are important in developing city tourism. Based on this, planners and city managers have always sought to measure tourism demand and identify the factors and categories that affect it and identify and prioritize these factors in order to make the planning based on each group And clusters of influential factors in the demand for foreign tourism.The city of Tabriz, with its diverse tourist attractions, is one of the destinations of tourism for foreign tourists. The necessity of optimal development of foreign tourism in Tabriz city is to identify the factors affecting the demand of the city's foreign tourism and its clustering and prioritization. Therefore, the main objective of the study is clustering factors affecting the demand for foreign tourism in Tabriz for strategic planning purposes.For this purpose, through library and field methods, a set of factors influencing Tabriz tourism demand has been identified and after evaluating the amount of these factors through 221 foreign tourists entering the city of Tabriz, a sample from the Cochran formula in this study, Was evaluated and finally, clustered and prioritized through the exploratory factor analysis model. The final results show the main effects of factors such as the quality Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Review water tariff systems in European countries in order to water demand management strategies
عبدالرحیم رحیمی رمضانعلی محمودی مجید کلانتری محمد داودآبادی سید علی سید زادهResearch Objective: Nowadays, population growth, industrial development, increasing demand for water and sanitation, reducing water resources caused excessive consumption of water and environmental protection of water demand management has greater sensitivity. Therefore MoreResearch Objective: Nowadays, population growth, industrial development, increasing demand for water and sanitation, reducing water resources caused excessive consumption of water and environmental protection of water demand management has greater sensitivity. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to provide to help water demand management process of planning, organizing, directing and controlling water consumption to identify current practices and use of existing tools to improve efficiency levels and patterns of water. Method: This study is analytical- review and based It on water demand management, a combination of corrective measures for achieving appropriate utilization of production capacities and the real value of it is that the consumer is acting. Findings: The findings of this study indicate that in addition to applying demand management strategies to protect water resources and reduce environmental pollution causing reduce costs, increase value added and ultimately improve the quality of service to subscribers in improving urban management. Conclusions: The study some of the successful patterns of water demand in European countries such as Germany, Netherlands and Belgium are the most successful countries in the management of demand shows that countries with abundant water resources have been able to moderate their consumption 120 liters for every person per day reduction Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Providing a Participatory Management Model for the Quality of Inter-City Transportation Systems
کاوه جوانی اردشیر سیاح مفضلیExtensive change in recent decades occurred in urban issues, has made responsible organizations face new practical approaches that have been definite outcome of transformations in their relative position. Understanding this important system and recognizing that urban tr MoreExtensive change in recent decades occurred in urban issues, has made responsible organizations face new practical approaches that have been definite outcome of transformations in their relative position. Understanding this important system and recognizing that urban transportation and traffic (in Tehran), like a live and dynamic organization, does not have a rooted environmental ecological and cultural model, we are providing a professional model to improve this system based on scientific methodology. This model is called « Participatory Management Model for the Quality of Inter-City Transportation Systems » and its structures are formed as a result of eight major factors within eight systems. The most important feature of these factors is the «quality and responding to citizens» is. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Evaluation of the effect of cropping pattern on groundwater resources of Mehranplain using the system dynamics approach under scenarios of energy price changes
Ebrahim Darvishi Abdolrahim Hooshmand Hamza ali alizadeh zahra Izadpanahcropping pattern changes and increasing energy tariffs helps groundwater resources management. The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of crop pattern on groundwater level in Mehranplain using the system dynamics approach under different scenarios of energ Morecropping pattern changes and increasing energy tariffs helps groundwater resources management. The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of crop pattern on groundwater level in Mehranplain using the system dynamics approach under different scenarios of energy price changes. To develop the model, a conceptual framwok was designed and the dynamic hypotheses were formulated. The calibration and validation of the model were performed for a period of 8 and 6 years, respectively, and the model simulated in a 25-year period until 1420 in nine scenarios. The results showed that changing the crop pattern from alfalfa to conola with increasing 100 percent in energy tariff would have the most positive impact on aquifer is equivalent to an increase of about 55 million cubic meters of aquifer water volume, and an increase of about 8 meters in the groundwater level. Also changing the crop pattern from alfalfa to corn with increasing 50 percent in energy tariff lead to groundwater level stability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Assessing pressurized irrigation systems development scenarios on groundwater resources using system dynamics modeling
Hamzeh Ali Alizadeh Abdolmajid Liaghat Teymour SohrabiDevelopment of pressurized irrigation systems is of great important from optimal water resources point of view. The objectives of this study were to investigate the influence of pressurized irrigation systems development scenarios on agricultural sustainability in Varam MoreDevelopment of pressurized irrigation systems is of great important from optimal water resources point of view. The objectives of this study were to investigate the influence of pressurized irrigation systems development scenarios on agricultural sustainability in Varamin, and to study the effect of government facilities on development of these systems. This study developed a system dynamics model for water resources management in Varamin, Iran. Results indicated that unplanned development of pressurized irrigation systems not only didn’t save the water resources, but it resulted in damaging groundwater resources. Result also indicated, while using surface water resources, if cultivated area did not increase, then development of sprinkler systems leads to increase national income and groundwater level, otherwise with increase of cultivated area results in reduction of gross national income. Development of sprinkler systems leads to improvement of groundwater quality and quantity level with and w/o cultivated area increment, thus, development of sprinkler systems can help to sustainable development only if cultivated area remains constant and water consumption reduces. To achieve sustainable agriculture, it is proposed that the granted governmental facilities to farmers be prioritized. This means that governmental facilities for irrigation development be granted to groundwater users in first priority, the development of micro irrigation systems (type and diameter) due to reduce evaporation, in second priority, mechanized surface irrigation systems, new sprinkler irrigation systems as LESA in the next priority. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Suitability Evaluation for Agriculture with Regard to Ecological, Economic Power and Social Demand in Semnan Watershed
mojtaba ghandali kamran shayesteh Mohammad Sadi MesgariBackground and Purpose: Optimal and principled use of natural resources and land use management based on ecological potential, has an important role in environmental management and prevention of environmental degradation in the direction of sustainable development. Howe MoreBackground and Purpose: Optimal and principled use of natural resources and land use management based on ecological potential, has an important role in environmental management and prevention of environmental degradation in the direction of sustainable development. However, ignoring the social need, despite considering the economic and especially the ecological potential in land use planning, leads to inconsistency with the terrestrial reality, which is one of the basic principles of any land use planning. Materials and Methods: In this study, using weighted linear combination method and hierarchical analysis and standardization of criteria using fuzzy sets, in addition to preparing an ecological and economic potential map for agricultural use, the social needs to change land from barren lands to agriculture were also mapped. By combining all of them, a map of the desirability of changing barren lands to agriculture in the Semnan watershed was obtained, which can also be used in modeling land use changes. Results: In this study, unemployment rate and population growth rate in the next ten years as the most important social factors of agricultural land use change, access to roads and electricity as the most important economic factors, and soil and water as the most important ecological resources of agricultural land use were determined. Discussion and conclusions: Considering the social needs and economic potential along with ecological capability, is more in line with the ground reality and can be used in the optimal allocation of agricultural land. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Assessment Bio Capacity and Ecological Footprint of Urban Ecosystems (Case study: Hamedan)
Parisa Farhadi Alireza Eldermi Mirmihardad MigranirBackground and Purpose: Knowledge of the ecological conditions prevailing in the region is essential to achieve sustainable development and reduce the increasing degradation of natural resources and the environment. The ecological footprint index is of great interest as MoreBackground and Purpose: Knowledge of the ecological conditions prevailing in the region is essential to achieve sustainable development and reduce the increasing degradation of natural resources and the environment. The ecological footprint index is of great interest as a way to measure levels of sustainability. In this study, using the ecological footprint index of Hamedan urban ecosystem in 2014, it was studied. Material and Methods: In this study, ecological traces of consumption in two parts of consumption and production of the city were evaluated. The ecological footprint of the consumption sector was estimated in each of the four urban areas and using SPSS software, a significant difference between the areas, was determined. Results: The results showed that per capita ecological footprints in the consumption sector, including housing, transportation services, goods and food, were 0.13 globalhectares. The most significant ecological footprints in this section was of transportation with 3980.499 (gh) and the least important Foot print in this regard was food with 3864.6 global hectare; therefore, the urban living capacity was determined 0.59 globl hectare. Conclusion: The results indicate that the ecological footprint of the consumption sector does not create the unsustainability of the urban ecosystem and, by creating an ecological surplus in this part, the city of Hamedan is introduced as a creditor of ecology. Which indicates in this sector that the demand is lower than the supply. Besides, there is no significant difference between the ecological effects of consumption in four urban areas. It was also concluded that there was an ecological deficiency in production sector which indicates of ecosystem bioaccumulation consumption and it could disturb the ecological stability of the ecosystem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Surveying and Predicting Surface Currents of Khuzestan Province Using Time Series Models
Alireza Entezari Rasoul SarvestanThe purpose of this study was to study the surface currents of Khuzestan province and its prediction for the period (2019Background and Objective: The present study is to evaluate the surface currents of Khuzestan province and its forecast for the period 2019 to 2021 us MoreThe purpose of this study was to study the surface currents of Khuzestan province and its prediction for the period (2019Background and Objective: The present study is to evaluate the surface currents of Khuzestan province and its forecast for the period 2019 to 2021 using time series models.Material & Methodlogy: The present study was conducted in 9 selected stations from Khuzestan province in order to compare the accuracy of the time series model and predict the amount of surface currents. For this purpose, the monthly flow data of the hydrometric station for 22 years (1391-2014) has been used. The multiplicative seasonal time series model of surface currents was investigated and the best model was fitted. Findings: The results of these studies show that the best models fitted in SARIMA (1,1,1) (1,0,1), SARIMA, SARIMA (0,1,1) (1,0,1), telephoto SARIMA, Primate (1,0,1) (1,1,1) SARIMA, Dezful (1,0,2) (1,1,1) SARIMA, Plain SARIMA, Dokehe (0,2,2) (1,1,1) SARIMA, Gotvand (1,1,2) (1,0,1) SARIMA (1,1,1) And SARAB (1.1.2) (2.1.1), which had good accuracy to predict surface currents.Discussion and Conclusion: Surveying the annual prediction of surface currents for 2019 to 2029 showed that surface currents in all selected stations decreased and this decrease in Ahwaz station to the highest and the two-hill station to the lowest values reaches to 9.78 and 0/58 respectively; also, the monthly forecast showed that in December, with 6/98 and 1/67, the highest and lowest decreases would occur. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Evaluation of Water Obtained from Flood Spreading Project in GarehBygan-Fasa
Fardin Boostani Hamid Mohammadi Iman NajafiSpreading flood in GarehBygan-Fasa district has resulted significant improvement in ground water resources of the district. So, yearly water providing capacity of the district has increased from 4.08 to over 14.03 million m3. However, more than 26.9 million m3 is exploi MoreSpreading flood in GarehBygan-Fasa district has resulted significant improvement in ground water resources of the district. So, yearly water providing capacity of the district has increased from 4.08 to over 14.03 million m3. However, more than 26.9 million m3 is exploited now that is beyond of the capacity of the district’s water resources. The main objective of this study is the environmental evaluation of the Gareh Bygan project. Environmental value of the project is considered equal to the value of the water provided by the project. Water evaluation was also done in two parts, the over drawn water that is beyond the project capacity and the water that has been available after performing the project within the project capacity. Value of the overdrawn was estimated in two approaches. First the gross margin obtained from the over drown water and based on residual method was attributed to water and second demand for water was estimated. Based on the first approach, price of each m3 overdrawn water was estimated 460 Rials. The corresponding figure obtained from demand approach, was 399.6 Rials, while the price of water within the project capacity was estimated more than 2770 Rials. Based on the residual method total benefits obtained from over drown and within project capacity water was evaluated 5.93 and 27.57 billion Rials, respectively. It was also found that water price is highly dependent on the applied amount of water. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Using Price Factor in Agricultural Water Consumption Management With Emphasis On Environmental Problems: Case Study Fars Province
Hossein Gharadaghi Hamid Mohammadi Parviz HaghjooThe purposes of this study are to determine marginal value of irrigation water, estimation of priceelasticity of water demand and distinguish different method of water pricing. Then, the required datawere obtained from 127 farmers which were selected from 24 villages of MoreThe purposes of this study are to determine marginal value of irrigation water, estimation of priceelasticity of water demand and distinguish different method of water pricing. Then, the required datawere obtained from 127 farmers which were selected from 24 villages of Fars Province by samplingmethod. Results showed that:One percent increasing in water price in 1-5 region for group of farmers who own less than 10 hectares(owning hectares<10), decreases the water demand 0.51 , 0.77, 0.97, 0.61 and 0.72 percent,respectively. For the farmers groups who own more than 10 hectares (owning hectares>10), increasingone percent in water price in 1-5 region, decreases the water demand 0.9, 0.48, 0.56, 0.62 and 0.66percent. Water price had significant effects on water demand in all regions and estimated more than%89.For the farmer group owning more than10 hectares in the first regions, increasing one m3 of extraapplied water in summer and autumn season, increased farmers’ income between116 and 505 IR.Rialrespectively, and in that irrigation season applying water was limited. For the farmers group owningless than10 hectares, marginal value of irrigation water for 1-5 regions estimated 65 , 148 , 190, 230and 102 IR.Rial and for the farmer groups owning more than10 hectares, marginal value of irrigationwater for 1-5 regions estimated 208 , 113, 77, 69 and 120 IR.Rrial. Thus, government could presentnon-price policies (encouragement of water carriers, presenting related information, water pricing) inorder to decrease water pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Fabrication and Evaluation of anaerobic baffle reactor for leachate treatment of Sari province
Amin Arvin majid peyravi Mohsen JahanshahiBackground and Objective: Landfill leachate has been identified as a potential source of ground and surface waters contamination due to the generation of leachate. Further, landfill leachate may percolate through soils and cause the large pollution of streams, creeks an MoreBackground and Objective: Landfill leachate has been identified as a potential source of ground and surface waters contamination due to the generation of leachate. Further, landfill leachate may percolate through soils and cause the large pollution of streams, creeks and water. Hence, the aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of a laboratory-scale ABR in different COD concentrations and hydraulic retention time for COD removal. Method: In this research, an anaerobic baffle reactor (ABR) was used for biological landfill leachate treatment. The ABR was 10 cm wide, 60 cm long, and 10 cm depth and was constructed from Perspex with an effective volume of 6 L. The ABR was seeded with anaerobically digested sewage sludge taken from an anaerobic digester of a wastewater treatment plant in Qaemshahr city. Landfill leachate used in this study was collected from a landfill leachate waste municipal site located in Kiasar, Sari. The experiments used in this study were chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH, suspended solids (SS) and alkalinity. Findings: The anaerobic baffle reactor (ABR) has been have an appropriate performance for COD removal of landfill leachate. Also, the results showed that this reactor presented an acceptable capability of pH control and acidogenic microorganism separation from others. On the other hands, the results demonstrated that an alkalinity remained at the desirable level in the reactor and it is not necessary to add chemical materials to control it. Moreover, the suspended solids were significantly removed in this reactor. Discussion and Conclusion: The obtained results indicated that the highest COD removal (86%) was achieved at the HRT of 2 days where the COD concentration of 2700 mg/L was reduced to 380 mg/L. Furthermore, the system performance at lower hydraulic retention time was decreased. At the COD concentration of 2700 mg/L, 70% decrement of the reactor efficiency was observed by decreasing hydraulic retention time to 12 hr. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Study of land use and urban development effects on rapid mass transportation system
Mohsen Aghdas Vatankhah Fereydoun GharibA rapid mass transportation system refers to a complex of transportation means in special corridors, which takes travelers from a specified point to a certain destination in the least amount of time and with sufficient safety. Such a system often uses high technologies MoreA rapid mass transportation system refers to a complex of transportation means in special corridors, which takes travelers from a specified point to a certain destination in the least amount of time and with sufficient safety. Such a system often uses high technologies and usually rails. The role of such systems and their effect on urban planning and residential areas development are important because often they do not have the limitations of other modes of transportation; therefore, they minimize the time of travelling from the city’s main administrative and trade centers to major residential areas. And this factor has mutual effects on travel demands on the one hand and urban development on the other hand. This article is part of a more comprehensive study and only investigates the effects of various land uses and urban design role in decreasing or increasing transportation demands and the three important factors affecting such demands. Theses factors are spatial organization, density zoning, and urban design and its effects on transportation demands. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Investigating factors affecting demand in mutual funds, focusing on cash flows.
mehdi hedayat pejman shabanpourfard seyedmojtaba mirlohiDemand for investment in mutual funds can be measured as the total net cash flows experienced by the fund during a period. On the other hand, many authors estimate the net cash flows using fund size and return information. This method provides a good estimate of cash fl MoreDemand for investment in mutual funds can be measured as the total net cash flows experienced by the fund during a period. On the other hand, many authors estimate the net cash flows using fund size and return information. This method provides a good estimate of cash flows. Therefore, two methods can be used to calculate net cash flows and analyze the factors affecting each of them. This study uses monthly data from 41 mutual funds from February 2012 to October 2017 using a panel method to test hypothesizes. The results show that the implicit flows are an appropriate measure for estimating net cash flows, but there are a few errors in its calculations. The results also indicate that variables such as returns, risk and lagged cash flows have a significant effect on investors' demands for investment funds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Provide an innovative model of fluctuation of the daily trading volume of shares in Tehran Stock Exchange; Central Bank Financial and Monetary Policy
Hashem Nikoomaram mohammadreza monjazeb Mahdi BayatmaneshHow many years have passed since the creation of a base volume basis in the capital market. A rule that inevitably makes pricing in place of value and determines the real price on the market. Determining the size of the base and the price of the price to prevent price f MoreHow many years have passed since the creation of a base volume basis in the capital market. A rule that inevitably makes pricing in place of value and determines the real price on the market. Determining the size of the base and the price of the price to prevent price fluctuations is known as one of the most important control policies of the supervisory entity in the stock market of Iran, which has been developing for several years. This policy does not provide a clear scientific basis, but in order to prevent fluctuations in stock prices, it has been widely accepted in the market every day. Of course, there are scattered criticisms. For some stocks, when creating long sales queues, for systematic reasons and excitement such as a boycott, the stock price is reduced, and this is sometimes reduced to 10 working days or more without many of the people in the queue succeeding in selling their share. . The mismatch of the fluctuating range for the daily transient price of securities transactions has created problems for reducing the stock market value of corporations, which is affected by the volatility of macroeconomic policies. Given the impossibility of short-term and medium-term policies, the fluctuation of the monetary and fiscal policies of the central bank can prevent further depreciation of the securities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Investing in the oil and gas industry using estimates of crude oil and natural gas consumption in Iran by VECM model
vahid rajabian reza taleblo hamidreza arbabAbstractThe main objective of this research is to estimate the demand model for crude oil and natural gas in the country during the period from 1988 to 2015 and also to predict crude oil and natural gas demand functions in Iran during the sixth development plan with the MoreAbstractThe main objective of this research is to estimate the demand model for crude oil and natural gas in the country during the period from 1988 to 2015 and also to predict crude oil and natural gas demand functions in Iran during the sixth development plan with the aim of studying the effect of important variables affecting their consumption in the country. VAR - VECM model is used to investigate the relationship and the effects of variables and the short-run and long-run relationship between variables, and finally, extracted model has been used to predict crude oil and natural gas demand in the country at 1400 horizon. The results indicate that: (1) income elasticity is low and the sensitivity of oil consumption to changes in income (here, per capita income) is small. (2) There are no long-term causal relationship between intrinsic independent variables and exogenous independent variables, such as oil price and natural gas prices, towards natural gas consumption and per capita income. (3) In the short term, there is no causal relationship from natural gas consumption, natural gas prices, oil prices, and per capita income towards crude oil consumption. (4) Variance decomposition for oil consumption variable indicates that in the long run, natural gas consumption has a significant contribution to explaining changes in crude oil consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Interest rate of the securities with fixed-income in Iran
Taghi Torabi Peyman Tataei Samaneh Tarighi Abdollah DaryaborInterest rate of the securities with fixed-income in Iran which is determined in terms of policy and regulatory package of central bank, typically it is considered as fixed and interest rate of the county. Obviously, the interest rate should be floating and more than in MoreInterest rate of the securities with fixed-income in Iran which is determined in terms of policy and regulatory package of central bank, typically it is considered as fixed and interest rate of the county. Obviously, the interest rate should be floating and more than inflation rate. However, due to available mechanism for notifying the interest rate, there are not floating interest rate in Iran unlike most world countries and notified interest rate is not fair rate. On the other hand, according to high inflation, lake of flexibility, attractiveness of other parallel markets, redeem volume of increased and handling market securities is forced to high volume from unattractive securities. In this article, modern method for securities handling market is introduced with fixed-income. In this procedure, the securities price supplied to auction and or fair price method, is variable without amplitude and securities transactions into single-price auction during trading session and the handling marketer is obligated to import simultaneously sale and purchase orders. After describing possible and specific conditions model using a corner solutions and considering possible condition strongest and its efficiency is evaluated. With verifying the model efficiency can be expected to occur in the country the finding interest rate and reducing the financing with supplying the securities to the auction method, escrowing the handling market process to the market mechanism, discovering optimum price, increasing the efficiency and attractiveness, interest rate form the securities and reducing handling market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Investigation of Economic Effects of Energy Carriers Price Increases on the Composition of Consumption Expenditures of Urban Households
Seed Mohamad Mehdi Ahmadi Jamshid PajhuyanThe main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of energy carriers price increases on composition of consumption expenditures of urban households using Almost Ideal Demand System(AIDS). For this purpose, initially seven groups of goods and services includin MoreThe main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of energy carriers price increases on composition of consumption expenditures of urban households using Almost Ideal Demand System(AIDS). For this purpose, initially seven groups of goods and services including: food and beverage portion, shoes and clothing, transport, communication, hotels and restaurants, water, electricity, gas and other fuels, and other groups is estimated by applying seemingly unrelated regression method and data years of 1380-1389 for 10 cost deciles.Then, the average share of the groups for the years 1390 to 1392 by considering two scenarios increased by 20 and 38% of the price of water, electricity, gas and other fuels as a proxy for energy carriers is predicted. Our results indicate that despite the change in the share of each group of goods based on these two scenarios, but this does not shift in consumer preferences or combined groups of urban households in different deciles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Effects of Nonstationary and Uncertain Demand on an Inventory System Under Belief Structure Condition
امید تهرانیان A. میرزازاده بهمن نادری -
Open Access Article
58 - A Hybrid Heuristic Algorithm to Solve Capacitated Location-routing Problem With Fuzzy Demands
A. ‎Nadizadeh‎‎ A. Sadegheih A. Sabzevari ‎Zadeh‎ -
Open Access Article
59 - The Impact of the Corona Virus on the Global Oil and Gas Market and Its Future Prospects
Ashkan Abdalisousan Mostafa Khalatbari shayesteh Ebrahimi zaker Nastaran Heidari Mohammad amin Tavana Mohammad reza GharehdaghiThe outbreak of Corona virus has led to instability in the global economy, especially in the oil and gas industry, and has boosted volatility in financial markets. The reaction to the price of oil for the virus was gradually accepted until March 9, 2020 and internationa MoreThe outbreak of Corona virus has led to instability in the global economy, especially in the oil and gas industry, and has boosted volatility in financial markets. The reaction to the price of oil for the virus was gradually accepted until March 9, 2020 and international prices fell by more than 20 percent in one day. Increase in the number of patients and the strengthening of financial market volatility have a long-term negative impact on the recent dynamics of crude oil and gas prices. Due to the recession in 2020 and the re-growth projected in 2021, the annual growth of global oil demand will increase. Between 2019 and 2025, global oil demand is expected to grow at an average annual rate of under 1 million barrels per day, and demand will increase by 5.7 million barrels per day over the entire period. Given the current situation, the trend of demand for oil and gas will continue to decline, which will lead to an increase in global demand for renewable energy and its replacement in the world. This article examines the effects of the spread of the virus on prices, supply, demand, exports and imports of crude oil and gas in the world and the factors that can calm this economic chaos. Its results include reducing OPEC production and preventing price failures that weaken the global economy, or maintaining sustainable production and accepting the risk of price failure. At the end, several solutions are presented for quick use of the opportunity in the crisis of the Corona outbreak and separation of the country's economy from fossil fuels and move towards clean and sustainable energy, which leads to reducing environmental pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Estimating the Recreational of Taleghan Dam by Travel Cost Method
Zahra Abedi Payam Mahmood KalayehTaleghan zone is located in 150th km of Northwest of Tehran in a great valley in Alborz Mountains and is considered a summer resort. It attracts many tourists due to its cheering nature and historical and cultural appeals. Construction of Taleghan dam and the resulting MoreTaleghan zone is located in 150th km of Northwest of Tehran in a great valley in Alborz Mountains and is considered a summer resort. It attracts many tourists due to its cheering nature and historical and cultural appeals. Construction of Taleghan dam and the resulting lake have a considerable influence on the natural view of this zone and are the main factors for attracting the tourists. Considering the above-mentioned special conditions of the zone, its economic values may be studied. in this research, an action has been made in investigating and calculation of Taleghan dam tourism value through travel cost method. For this purpose, some semicircles with constant intervals have been drawn encompassing the whole regions from which the visitors have come considering the dam as the center. Then the economical and social data obtained from the questionnaires completed by the visitors was analyzed. Considering the available data, the diagram is drawn between travel cost and number of visitors to the region. The new ratio of visitors will then be obtained and the demand curve of the zone will be drawn by considering different entries and its addition to total access costs. Finally, tourism value of the zone will be calculated through calculating the level below the demand curve. This value is equal 4965000 Rls per day. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Evaluation the sustainability of agricultural activity in Iran: with emphasize on ecological footprint and actual land demand approach
Adeleh Esmaeeli Dastjerdi poor Hossein mehrabiboshabadiPopulation growth, changing pattern life, increasing migration to cities, low level of technology and limitation of convenience agricultural land and incorrect use of basic resources would intensify resources damage. While mention to natural resources and environment fo MorePopulation growth, changing pattern life, increasing migration to cities, low level of technology and limitation of convenience agricultural land and incorrect use of basic resources would intensify resources damage. While mention to natural resources and environment for keeping their production ability is so important. Desirable keeping of these resources is related to understanding the situation, path and scale of resources changing by measurements like ecological footprint indicator. Because of importance of sustainable issues in different economical sectors special in agricultural sector because of using more environmental resources in this article ecological footprint indicator in agricultural sector is estimated by using actual land demand approach in Iran during 1376-86 then the results is used to evaluate the sustainable of agricultural activity in and out of country. The results indicated that agricultural activity in Iran is compatible with internal economy and is adverse with global economy. Also never less internal production is secured sustainability, actual land demand was increased specially in these years that mean sustainable situation was depressed in internal economy. So it suggested that must be used actions for adoption of sustainable method in agricultural sector in internal and review the trade pattern in global level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Evaluation of Performance and Quality of Effluent in Birjand Wastewater Treatment Plant for Agricultural Purposes
Mohammad Hosein Fathabadi Mohammad Hosein Ahmadi Shadmehri Seyed Masoud Faiz Sayyid Ali BanihashemiBasis and Goal: Today, the most basic action to control pollution from wastewater and their reuse is the construction of a wastewater treatment plant and strict monitoring of their operation. Disposal of non-standard effluents and their use in agriculture or surface wat MoreBasis and Goal: Today, the most basic action to control pollution from wastewater and their reuse is the construction of a wastewater treatment plant and strict monitoring of their operation. Disposal of non-standard effluents and their use in agriculture or surface water discharge will lead to many health and environmental risks. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of auditing the environmental performance and quality of Birjand wastewater treatment plant for agricultural use. Method of Studing: This study was conducted in 1399 using a cross-sectional study method from 1396 to 1398 on the wastewater treatment plant of Birjand. Finding: The findings showed that the COD index with an average of 225 had the highest non-compliance with the standard in 1396. TSS index with an average of 153 is in the second place, total coliform with an average of 1300 in the third place and gastrointestinal coliform with an average of 502.5 are in the fourth place. In 1398, these indicators are in a standard and optimal condition. Results: Comparison of the results of the current study with the effluent standards showed that the use of the effluent of this treatment plant for agricultural purposes is recommended due to compliance with the effluent standards. This trend has shown a favorable situation during the years 1396 to 1398. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Investigation of Outdoor Recreation Needs and Preferences of Visitors in Sorkhe Hesar Forest Park and Its Comparison with Sisangan Forest Park
Saeedeh Eskandari Jafar Oladi Ghadikolaei Ali YakhkashiNowadays, assessment of the outdoor recreation demand in forest parks is very important to prepare the successful outdoor recreation plans and to schedule the facilities development in these plans. Recognition of visitor’s economic- social needs is essential to es MoreNowadays, assessment of the outdoor recreation demand in forest parks is very important to prepare the successful outdoor recreation plans and to schedule the facilities development in these plans. Recognition of visitor’s economic- social needs is essential to estimate outdoor recreation demand, because visitor’s socio-economic conditions have the great effect on mall selection to use of it. In this study outdoor recreation demand of Sorkhe Hesar forest park in east of Tehran was evaluated by interviewing and completing of questionnaire in the spring. Obtained results of this study were compared with the results of another study done in Sisangan forest park to investigate visitor’s outdoor recreation demand changes during thirty years. Comparison of outdoor recreation demand and investigation of visitor’s needs in in-city forest parks (Sorkhe Hesar) and out-city forest parks (Sisangan) showed that visitor’s outdoor recreation demand has not changed during thirty years. In addition, visitor’s outdoor recreation demand is similar in in-city forest parks (Sorkhe Hesar) and out-city forest parks (Sisangan) (except demands that depend on visitor’s distance) and visitor’s major purpose is rest in the healthy environment and inspiration in the healthy air. Finally we suggest that outdoor recreation planners consider the visitor's demand and tendency to create and develop the forest parks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Jurisprudential study of the situation of floating price from the point of view of the owner of the jewel, Ayatollah Khoei, relying on the views of Imam Khomeini
Morad Jafarzadeh Seyed Mohsen Razmi Mohamadreza KazemiSale is one of the words that is known as one of the most widely used words in Islamic jurisprudence. Islamic jurists have each defined the nature, pillars and types of sale as one of the definite and important Islamic contracts. Regarding sale, it should be said that i MoreSale is one of the words that is known as one of the most widely used words in Islamic jurisprudence. Islamic jurists have each defined the nature, pillars and types of sale as one of the definite and important Islamic contracts. Regarding sale, it should be said that in some definitions, the early Imami jurists considered the nature of the exchange of two properties, while the famous Islamic jurists consider its nature as acceptance, which makes the seller the property of the customer and the price the property of the seller. Another point that exists is that in the definitions of late and contemporary Imami jurists, there is a kind of semantic change in the interpretation of sale. From Imam Khomeini's point of view, the elements of ownership and ownership in sale are concepts that have a wide range of concepts, and this is the superiority and distinction of the opinion of Imami jurists over jurists about the truth of sale. On the other hand, from Imam Khomeini's point of view, there are types of sale, the most important of which are mere sale, marriage, absenteeism, greed, goods for goods, generals, adjournments, reciprocity, religion, Murabaha, etc. . On the other hand, the elements of sale from his point of view are: demand and acceptance, buyer and seller, property sold and price in the contract of sale. Also, the characteristics of sale from Imam Khomeini's point of view are: the ownership of the sale, the exchange of the sale, the objectivity of the seller, the necessity of the contract of sale. The type of research method in this article is descriptive-analytical using the library method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Improving Accuracy of Tourist Demand Estimation of Asian Countries
Arshin Bakhtiari Yuhanis Abdul Aziz Azmawani Abdul Rahman Rosmah MohamedDue to the importance of accurate tourism demand estimation, the evaluation of estimating approaches is still ongoing. To address this challenge, the current study aimed to present a novel estimation statistical approach for modifying ARIMA to compare with two most prom MoreDue to the importance of accurate tourism demand estimation, the evaluation of estimating approaches is still ongoing. To address this challenge, the current study aimed to present a novel estimation statistical approach for modifying ARIMA to compare with two most prominent soft computing approaches, ANN and SVM. ARIMAadj is the modified ARIMA seasonal adjustment that declares a potential replacement to conventional ARIMA. Current study investigated the accuracy of seasonal adjustment on conventional ARIMA and compared its accuracy with ANN and SVM in estimating tourist demand of Asian countries to South Korea. The results show that the modified ARIMA outperform the soft computing approaches for tourism demand estimation accuracy of five out of six source Asian countries. Therefore, it could be concluded although there is no optimal approach to estimate tourist arrivals with certainty, the findings of this study show that the seasonal adjustment in ARIMA would be a worthwhile model to estimate tourism demand of Asian countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Estimating the Sensitivity of Foreign Health Tourism Demand to a Variety of Expenditures (In 5 advantageous land management areas
Mahdi kamali Hamid Asayesh Haidar Lotfi -
Open Access Article
67 - Demand Planning and Transmission Network Development in the Capacity Market Using Microgrids
mohammad khadem Mojtaba NajafiTransmission network development is one of the most important parts of the power system that determines the optimal configuration for the network based on load demand. Expansion of transmission lines is not always cost effective; For this reason, with the growth of dema MoreTransmission network development is one of the most important parts of the power system that determines the optimal configuration for the network based on load demand. Expansion of transmission lines is not always cost effective; For this reason, with the growth of demand and shortage of energy resources, Planning of Demand Response has received special attention. In this paper, the role of microgrids as an alternative solution for transmission network development is investigated and a proposed method for modeling microgrids in the capacity market is presented as a solution to the transmission network development planning problem. The results show that the addition of microgrids causes reduction in transmission network development costs. In addition, the addition of microgrids causes a slight increase in the profitability of selling capacity to consumers. These results prove that by continuing to grow the number and capacity of microgrids in each area, it is possible to ultimately eliminate the need for transmission network development and reduce the market cost of capacity to zero. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - The Role of Job Demands, Job Resources, and Burnout in the Prediction of Task Performance
majid barabadi mohsen golparvar hamid atash pourThis study was conducted to predict task performance through job demands, job resources and burnout. Statistical population of this correlation study was all the working employees of two textile complexes in Isfahan. 154 employees (116 male and 38 female) were selected MoreThis study was conducted to predict task performance through job demands, job resources and burnout. Statistical population of this correlation study was all the working employees of two textile complexes in Isfahan. 154 employees (116 male and 38 female) were selected through stratified random sampling and responded to the Task Demands Questionnaire (Chen & Kao, 2012), Job Resources Questionnaire (Chen & Kao, 2012), Burnout Questionnaire (Chen & Kao, 2012) and the task Performance Questionnaire (Chen & Kao, 2012). Data were analyzed by using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis, stepwise method. Results of regression analysis revealed that only burnout can predict task performance (P < 0.01). The results of this research indicated that burnout could be a Factor that weakens the level of task performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Evaluate of Demands for Cultural Places Development in Najafabad
علیرضا مرادی سید هاشم گلستانی رضا اسماعیلیThe current research aims to evaluate demands of citizens in najafabad to develop cultural places according to cultural Managers and citizens. The method used is descriptive-research of survey type and data gathering tools include 3 Kinds of researcher-made questiona MoreThe current research aims to evaluate demands of citizens in najafabad to develop cultural places according to cultural Managers and citizens. The method used is descriptive-research of survey type and data gathering tools include 3 Kinds of researcher-made questionares: questionares containing 12 questions especial for cultural managers, questionares containing 9 questions for children and Finally questionares for citizens containing 17 questions. Statistical population in the research are 2 groups of cultural managers and all citizens more than seven Years old who are most resident in najafabad and suburbs .i.e. Yazdan shahr, Amir abad and Villashahr. The number of cultural managers was estimated 50 persons for investigating whose opinions, census method Was used of citizens, 383 persons were selected as sample group using kocran formula. Data was analyzed in 2 levels as follows, at descriptivs statistical level, frequencies, pereentages, standard deriations and, means and at inferential statistical level, single- variable: independent tests, one- side, variance analysis and shefee test were used. based on the results Current cultural places in the city on error level of 5 percent are less than average to meet the demands of Citizens. Moreover, more than half of these places are located in city center so the access is difficult. According to managers , educational and research places as well as cultural centers have priority. Children see amusement parks as the most important places and citizens generally think that educational and research and recreational places such as park, play grounds and sport fields are of importance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Market-based Method for Reconfiguration of Distribution Networks Using Mine Blast Algorithm (MBA)
Sajjad Niroomand Alireza Bakhshinejad Mehdi Tabasi -
Open Access Article
71 - Integrated Planning of Renewable-Dominated Energy Systems and Demand Side Resources
Arman Armiun -
Open Access Article
72 - Presenting a Multi-Objective Stochastic Integrated Energy Management Model in Electrical and Thermal Microgrids by Locating CHP and Battery Sources, Thermal Storage and Demand Side Management
Elmira Akhavan Maroofi Mahmoud Samiei Moghaddam Azita Azarfar Reza Davarzani Mojtaba VahediIn this paper, an optimization model based on stochastic quadratic mixed integer programming to provide an integrated energy management of electricity and heat in electrical and thermal microgrids, taking into account the uncertainty of renewable energy sources, locatio MoreIn this paper, an optimization model based on stochastic quadratic mixed integer programming to provide an integrated energy management of electricity and heat in electrical and thermal microgrids, taking into account the uncertainty of renewable energy sources, location of electricity generation sources and combined heat and power (CHP) along with energy and thermal storage systems and demand side management are provided in island operation and connected to the grid. A multi-objective function including minimization of energy loss, voltage deviation, cost of resource utilization, as well as reduction of renewable energy sources and reduction of installation cost is considered. The IEEE 69 bus distribution network was selected for analysis and coding was done in MATLAB software and CVX optimization package. The proposed model is also solved by the most powerful existing solver called Gurobi. The obtained results show the performance and accuracy of the proposed model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Optimizing Energy and Ancillary Services Markets in Transmission and Distribution Networks Through a Two-Stage Optimal Framework Considering Flexible Loads, Electric Vehicles, and Storage Systems
Azadeh Arezooye Araghi Amir Ahmarinejad Mohsen Alizadeh Mojtaba BabaeiIn this article, a comprehensive two-stage framework for conducting competitive energy and ancillary services markets in transmission and distribution networks is presented. In the first and second stages of the proposed framework, energy and ancillary services markets MoreIn this article, a comprehensive two-stage framework for conducting competitive energy and ancillary services markets in transmission and distribution networks is presented. In the first and second stages of the proposed framework, energy and ancillary services markets are held, respectively. In the proposed framework, the suppliers of spinning reserve market capacities are conventional thermal units, while the suppliers of regulation market capacities are fast response generators, energy storage systems, electric vehicles, and demand response aggregators. A linear AC power flow program is included in the proposed framework to verify the applicability of the simulation results in real operating conditions. The introduced framework is modeled as a linear optimization problem in which the objective function of each stage is solved separately. This framework is implemented on a test system that includes a 30-bus transmission network connected to four 8-bus distribution networks, and the CPLEX solver in GAMS software is used to simulate it. The simulation outputs clearly confirm that the participation of resources within the distribution networks in providing spinning reserve capacities significantly reduces the share of expensive thermal units in the market and thereby lowers the daily costs of the system. Moreover, the simulation outputs indicate that the participation of demand response aggregators, energy storage systems and electric vehicles in providing regulation market capacities, not only lowers the costs of this market but also significantly improves technical indicators such as voltage characteristics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Energy Management and Operational Planning of Networked Microgrids in a Stochastic Environment
Gilda Hosseini Seysed Babak Mozafari Soodabeh SoleymaniThis article introduces a two-stage linear model designed for the coordination of networked microgrids, aimed at optimizing energy management and enhancing profitability through proactive and corrective strategies. Initially, the first stage involves day-ahead hourly pl MoreThis article introduces a two-stage linear model designed for the coordination of networked microgrids, aimed at optimizing energy management and enhancing profitability through proactive and corrective strategies. Initially, the first stage involves day-ahead hourly planning for microgrids, executed in a deterministic environment without accounting for uncertainties. Subsequently, the second stage addresses these uncertainties in real-time network operation through a stochastic programming approach. The model's objective function quantifies and incorporates the variations resulting from both the proactive and corrective phases. To handle uncertainties in wind and solar energy production as well as load demand, probability distribution functions derived from Monte Carlo simulations are utilized. From these, representative scenarios are chosen using a scenario reduction technique. Specifically, the K-means algorithm is employed for scenario clustering, with the Davies-Bouldin (DB) index facilitating automatic clustering. Additionally, load management is conducted via a demand response program. The proposed model stipulates that, within microgrids, only non-critical load levels can be modulated based on the network's economic benefit. This optimization model, formulated as mixed integer programming, is simulated and resolved in the GAMS software environment. The primary goal of this two-stage model is to achieve optimal energy management by balancing economic efficiency with robust network performance. The results obtained validate the model's effectiveness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Measuring the Efficiency and Ranking of Photocatalytic Degradation of Azo dye AR 206 and COD Using Data Envelopment Analysis
Hossein Dibachi -
Open Access Article
76 - Role of Market Demand and Added Value in Optimizing the Iron Products
Abdollah Hadi-Vencheh -
Open Access Article
77 - The Effect of Fiscal Policies on Labor Demand in Iran
Alireza mahmoodzadeh Mino Amini Milani Mohammad Sadegh AlipourThe labor market is one of the main markets in the national economy and the equilibrium of the labor market is one of the main concerns of policymakers in every country. Theoretical foundations and empirical studies show that labor demand is the main factor in creating MoreThe labor market is one of the main markets in the national economy and the equilibrium of the labor market is one of the main concerns of policymakers in every country. Theoretical foundations and empirical studies show that labor demand is the main factor in creating employment and equilibrium in the labor market. This article evaluates the effect of fiscal policy on labor demand in Iran from 1976-2018. During this period, the government has implemented employment-generating projects, tax and insurance exemptions via annual development programs and budgets, and encouraged investment in areas with high unemployment rates. we examined the effect of current government expenditures, government development expenditures, and taxes to study the effect of government fiscal policies on labor demand. In this article, we estimate the dynamic function of labor demand using the ARDL technique. According to the theoretical foundations and empirical studies in the specified function, labor demand is a function of intermittent values and independent variables of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), real wages, capital stock, current government expenditures, government development expenditures, tax revenues, and dummy variables of imposed war and the UN Security Council sanction. The results showed that fiscal policy has not had a positive effect on labor demand in the Iranian labor market in the short and long term. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Coordinating the Two-Echelon Supply Chain of Perishable Products with Uncertain Demand: A Game-Theoretic Approach
Mohammad Hossein Shakerizadeh Shirazi Ahmad Jafarnejad Chaghoushi Hannan Amoozad Mahdiraji Hossein Safari -
Open Access Article
79 - Identification and Prioritizing Demand Chain Factors Based on Factor Analysis and TOPSIS
Rahim Moein Ali Rajabzadeh Ghatari -
Open Access Article
80 - An Uncertain Time Horizon Inventory Management Model with Partial Backlogging Considering Deterioration Cost
Sara Nodoust Aboulfazl Mirzazadeh -
Open Access Article
81 - Dynamic Facility Location with Stochastic Demand
Ali Gholinejad Devin Katayun Abedzade Ghuchani Reza Sadeghi Hamidreza Koosha -
Open Access Article
82 - برآورد شاخص های کارایی مصرف آب کشاورزی در شبکه آبیاری گتوند
بهنام شجاعی ستار کاظمی افشین سرکهکی علی عصارهدر این پژوهش کارایی مصرف آب با دو شاخص عملکرد به ازای هر واحد آب مصرفی (CPD) و درآمد ناخالص به ازای هر واحد آب مصرفی برای محصولات الگوی کشت موجود شبکه آبیاری گتوند در شمال استان خوزستان، با استفاده از داده­ های واقعی الگوی کشت و با برآورد نیاز آبی در چهار سنار Moreدر این پژوهش کارایی مصرف آب با دو شاخص عملکرد به ازای هر واحد آب مصرفی (CPD) و درآمد ناخالص به ازای هر واحد آب مصرفی برای محصولات الگوی کشت موجود شبکه آبیاری گتوند در شمال استان خوزستان، با استفاده از داده­ های واقعی الگوی کشت و با برآورد نیاز آبی در چهار سناریوی مختلف برای تحقق راندمان آبیاری، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد، بیشترین مقدار شاخص CPD مربوط به محصولات هویچ و چغندرقند بود. کمترین مقادیر CPD مربوط به محصولات کنجد و آفتابگردان به دست آمد. همینطور بیشترین مقدار شاخص BPD به ترتیب به محصولات توت­ فرنگی و بامیه اختصاص یافت. کمترین مقادیر BPD به ترتیب متعلق به محصولات زیتون و آفتابگردان بود. همچنین متوسط شاخص CPD شبکه آبیاری گتوند برای سناریوهای تحقق راندمان آبیاری 30، 35، 42 و 54 درصد، به ترتیب برابر 0.92، 1.08، 1.44، 1.85 کیلوگرم در مترمکب آب بدست آمد. مقادیر متوسط شاخص BPD شبکه آبیاری گتوند برای سناریوهای تحقق راندمان آبیاری 30، 35، 42 و 54 درصد، به ترتیب برابر 34699، 40482، 53326 و 68563 ریال در مترمکعب آب مصرفی بود. مطابق داده ­های موجود، مقدار متوسط درآمد در واحد سطح برای الگوی کشت منطقه برابر 451.6 میلیون ریال در هر هکتار حاصل گردید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Determining the optimal forecasting combination of the four-level supply chain to minimize the bullwhip effect
Maryam Daneshmand-Mehr Marzban Najafi Ramin SadeghianBullwhip effect that occurs in the chain, leads to inefficiencies such as excess inventory and overdue orders during the chain. These problems can be reduced by appropriate predictions. Forecasting must be done in all levels of a supply chain. This paper addresses the p MoreBullwhip effect that occurs in the chain, leads to inefficiencies such as excess inventory and overdue orders during the chain. These problems can be reduced by appropriate predictions. Forecasting must be done in all levels of a supply chain. This paper addresses the problem of optimal combination of forecasting to reduce the bullwhip effect in the four-level supply chain. For this purpose, a four-level supply chain is considered. One of the methods such as moving average, exponential smoothing, linear regression and multilayer perceptron artificial neural network can be considered for predicting in each level. First, the desired supply chain is simulated for this means. The different combinations of aforementioned forecasting methods are calculated. Then a combination of forecasting methods according to minimized bullwhip effects is selected. Finally, the results are analyzed by variance analysis model. Two combinations have the lowest bullwhip effects. Moving average, neural networks, exponential smoothing and linear regression for levels: retailer, wholesaler, manufacturer and supplier respectively as an answer and the other is: moving averages, exponential smoothing, neural network and linear regression in the same mentioned levels and other combinations have less utility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Designing a Causal Model of Water Consumption Management Using the FDelphi-FDANP Hybrid Approach (Case Study of Mazandaran Water & Wastewater company)
habibollah dadashi ali Sorayaei seyed ali Nabavi ChashmiLimitations of drinking water resources, the country's dry and water shortage, population growth and demand, improper water consumption in recent decades and unbalanced temporal and spatial distribution of water resources are very important. The need to change the metho MoreLimitations of drinking water resources, the country's dry and water shortage, population growth and demand, improper water consumption in recent decades and unbalanced temporal and spatial distribution of water resources are very important. The need to change the methods of managing drinking water demand and anticipate new demands has increased by analyzing the Effective factors water consumption. The purpose of this article is to provide a model for prioritizing water consumption management strategies in the home sector. Information was collected through library research in this field and interviews with water industry experts. Then, by sampling snowballs to form a Delphi panel with a fuzzy approach, the factors that were more comprehensive were identified that finally They agreed 7 main factors economic, social, cultural, technical and engineering, legal and managerial, Place and Time with 26 effective sub-criteria. To evaluate the degree of importance and relationship between factors and prioritization of sub-criteria using fuzzy DANP technique. The results showed that the main factor technical and engineering factors with the degree of importance (0.144), time (0.790) and cultural (0.040) as an effective have a significant impact on water consumption and the effective sub-criteria are diversification in supply, per capita income, population, consumer interests, tariffs and pricing, length of stay at home, consumption motivation, infrastructure level, female employment, network pressure and modify consumption patterns programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Decision Making in Two-Echelon Supply Chain under Stackelberg and Cornot Structures
Morteza Taherifard Ebrahim Teimoury Marzie Ebrahimi ShaghaghiThis article considers pricing and ordering decisions in the two-echelon supply chain consisting of one manufacturer and two rival retailers under stochastic demand. A Stackelberg structure is considered between two echelons of the supply chain that manufacturer acts as MoreThis article considers pricing and ordering decisions in the two-echelon supply chain consisting of one manufacturer and two rival retailers under stochastic demand. A Stackelberg structure is considered between two echelons of the supply chain that manufacturer acts as a leader, and retailers act as followers making decisions about pricing and ordering. Also, in the echelon of retailers, optimal pricing policy and profits of chain members are calculated and, in the special case that retailers are faced with similar market demand, Stackelberg structure is compared with Cornot structure. This research shows that among two competitive scenarios, Cornot structure causes that retailers set lower sale price as compared with Stackelberg structure and consequently retailers earn less profit in Cornot structure. Also in both competitive structures, manufacturer’s profit is higher than double of total retailers’ profit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Presenting a Dynamic Model of Manpower Demand in the Tax Affairs Organization of Iran
Arash Rouhani Malikeh Beheshtifar Hossein Kazemi -
Open Access Article
87 - Identification of the resistant bacterial strains from Kermanshah oil wastewater based on molecular 16S rDNA PCR ssequencing and the investigation of their growth in different chromium concentration
Sepideh Khodamoradi Ramin AbiriThe present study was conducted to identify the resistant bacterial strains from Kermanshah oil wastewater based on molecular 16S rDNA PCR sequencing and the investigation of their growth in different chromium concentration. To identify 16S rDNS, 94 samples were isolate MoreThe present study was conducted to identify the resistant bacterial strains from Kermanshah oil wastewater based on molecular 16S rDNA PCR sequencing and the investigation of their growth in different chromium concentration. To identify 16S rDNS, 94 samples were isolated from Kermanshah oil wastewater. Sequencing the best strain for most removal was conducted. Bactria were identified by morphology, Gram staining, Biochemical tests, Standard microbiology. Cr (VI) was incubated in the concentrations of 25, 50, 100 and 150 mg/ml for 96 h. The maximum Cr biosorption (0.35 ppm) was observed at 28°C and a pH=7.5-8. Biological oxygen demand was 126-530. The most isolates had a need from 7.2-7.90 for chemical oxygen demand. Based on obtained results, Klebsiella variicola, Bacillus aerius, Bacillus stratosphericus and Lysinibacillus fusiformis were most resistant strains. Bacteria growth was higher in control, 25, 50, 100 and 150 mg, respectively. All the bacteria showed a fix growth after 72h. Considering high resistant of Klebsiella variicola, Bacillus aerius, Bacillus stratosphericus and Lysinibacillus fusiformis, the strains can be used for bioremediation of chromium and decreasing aontaminations, especially in oil refinery. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Issues and demands of the people of Tehran in the petitions of the Nasserite era (1301-1303 AH)
Maryam Nilghaz sina foroozesh Reza Shaabani Samgh AbadiStudying of every period of social structures in Iran has a graet importance.Meanwhile, one of the most affective of research methos is, in general, to have access to documents, so that the realities and truths for every historical period of time are recognized; the pet MoreStudying of every period of social structures in Iran has a graet importance.Meanwhile, one of the most affective of research methos is, in general, to have access to documents, so that the realities and truths for every historical period of time are recognized; the petition documents as a group of historical documents, represent life issues and mutual relations among people. Society and the state, and also every line of them deals with social distinction for researchers.The purpose of this researchers to recognize the social problems of Tehran inhabitants during nearly three years of the reign of Nassar al-Din Shah Qajar, which were refleceted in the examined documents the documents include petitions for Tehran inhabitants from 1301 to 1303 AH. The method for inquiring of this research is to correct a corpus of manuscripts based on codicology, and to write this article on a historical(conductive) method. The style of writing is descriptive_analytical. All data were collected in a desk_study manner. Studing of the documents show that subjects freely with no fear, set forth their demands for the king. Petition data show that varios social groups, in general,enjoyed free speech and freedom of religion with no fear.Maintaining security and justice was missing link in Nassari reign, as usual through Iranian history. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Conditions and Effects of the Ruler on Determining the Demand and its Price in Iranian and French law
Gholamreza Rostamifar Saleh Yamrali Ali akbar EsmaieliThe subject of the request and its determination can be studied in jurisprudential texts and the law of some countries such as Iran and France. Determining the claim and its price in legal claims is a very important issue that is also known as the main and basic element MoreThe subject of the request and its determination can be studied in jurisprudential texts and the law of some countries such as Iran and France. Determining the claim and its price in legal claims is a very important issue that is also known as the main and basic element of any lawsuit. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the conditions and effects of determining the demand in Iranian and French law which has been studied in legal dimensions. The authors have used descriptive-analytical and library collection methods. Financial or non-financial demand, the criteria for evaluating the demand price, and the rules of demand determination are very important issues that can be examined. In French law, the demand and its determination can be considered important, and this issue is mentioned in Article 1128 of the French Civil Code, and the criterion and criterion for evaluating the demand and its price is its "tradability". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Optimization ELM neural network in prediction problem: case study forecasting demand steel in Iran
Jalal Rezaeenour Mansoureh Yari eili Esmaiel roozbahani Mohammad hossein RoozbahaniPrediction of supply and demand, is a crucial issue for supply chain partners. With the accurate forecasted supply and patterns that indicate the sizes and directions of future production flow, the government and suppliers can have a well-organized strategy and provide MorePrediction of supply and demand, is a crucial issue for supply chain partners. With the accurate forecasted supply and patterns that indicate the sizes and directions of future production flow, the government and suppliers can have a well-organized strategy and provide a better infrastructure for improving industrial sector.With the aim of developing accurate forecasting tool in steel industry, this study present a new optimized neural network, by combination of Extreme Learning Machine and genetic algorithm. We employed our model on a dataset for steel supply - demand in Iran from jul-2009 to jan2013 to estimating the performance. The results show that prediction accuracy and performance relatively better than other classical approaches, according to RMSE and MAPE evaluations. In our model. Based on statistical tests, our new model is better than other model in accuracy, so can be used in as a suitable forecasting tool in steel supply forecasting problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Three Approaches to Time Series Forecasting of Petroleum Demand in OECD Countries
Majid Khedmati Babak Ghalebsaz-Jeddi -
Open Access Article
92 - Design of Supply Chain Network Model for Perishable Products with Stochastic Demand: An Optimized Model
Teshome Bekele Dagne Jeyraju Jayaprkash Sisay Geremew Gebeyehu -
Open Access Article
93 - The Design of Inverse Network DEA Model for Measuring the Bullwhip Effect in Supply Chains with Uncertain Demands
Sajjad Aslani Khiavi Simin Skandari -
Open Access Article
94 - Solving a Multi-Item Supply Chain Network Problem by Three Meta-heuristic Algorithms
Amir Fatehi Kivi Esmaeil Mehdizadeh Reza Tavakkoli-Moghaddam Seyed Esmaeil Najafi -
Open Access Article
95 - Residential appliance clustering based on their inherent characteristics for optimal use based K-means and hierarchical clustering method
Shima Simsar Mahmood Alborzi Ali Rajabzadeh Ghatari Ali Yazdian Varjani -
Open Access Article
96 - An inventory lot Sizing model of deteriorating items with time and price dependent demand, by considering the time value of money
Rashin Babaei Davood mohammaditabarIn this paper, an inventory lot sizing model is proposed for a single deteriorating product with time and price dependent demand, by considering the time value of money.it is assumed the rate of deterioration is constant, the interest is compounded continuously, and the MoreIn this paper, an inventory lot sizing model is proposed for a single deteriorating product with time and price dependent demand, by considering the time value of money.it is assumed the rate of deterioration is constant, the interest is compounded continuously, and the shortage happens in the form of partial backorder. The product is purchased from several suppliers at different prices and sold at a unique price. The closed form solution is presented for a special case with no shortage. A numerical example is solved and analyzed in the GAMS software. It is shown that with an increase in the rate of deterioration, the model decreases the selling price in order to stimulate the demand and deplete the positive inventory faster to avoid extensive deteriorations. In addition, the fraction of time with positive inventory level is reduced. The sensitivity analysis of the interest rate showed that as the interest rate increases, the model increases the economic order size while reduces the selling price in order to get higher positive net cash flows as soon as possible. With the increase of the shortage costs, the model tried to expose less shortage by increasing the fraction of time with positive inventory level. This resulted in more deterioration in the inventory and required larger order size. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Vendor Managed Inventory of a Supply Chain under Stochastic Demands
Tahereh Poorbagheri Seyed Taghi akhavan niaki -
Open Access Article
98 - Effects of Structure Height on Seismic Demands of Under-designed RC Frames Considering Soil-Structure Interaction
Behtash JavidSharifi Gholam Reza Atefatdoost -
Open Access Article
99 - The ralationship between change-oriented leadership with performance and job satisfaction with the mediating role of job involvement and learning demand among faculty members of Islamic Azad universities in Fars province
marzieh heydari narges tahmasebiThe present study investigates the relationship between change-oriented leadership and performance and job satisfaction with the mediating role of job involvement and learning demand. The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of all fac MoreThe present study investigates the relationship between change-oriented leadership and performance and job satisfaction with the mediating role of job involvement and learning demand. The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of all faculty members of Islamic Azad universities in Fars province is 2000 people. The sample size was 322 using Krejcie and Morgan table. Data collection tool is five standard questionnaires. The reliability of the questionnaires was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and its composite reliability and validity were assessed by construct and content validity. Using structural equation modeling technique, research hypotheses and SPSS and Smart PLS software were analyzed. The results show a positive and significant relationship between change-oriented leadership and demand for learning, job involvement, job satisfaction and performance. Also, the relationship between job involvement and learning demand with job satisfaction and performance was positive and significant. In addition, the results showed that the demand for learning and job involvement play a mediating role between change-oriented leadership and performance and job satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Life Cycle Assessment of Irrigated Wheat Production under the Effects of Nitrogen Amounts and Splitting its Use in Boushehr Region
Morteza Siavoshi Salman DastanLife cycle assessment is an appropriate method to study the environmental impacts of producing a crop plant throughout its production cycle. This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the life cycle of irrigated wheat production under nitrogen amounts and sp MoreLife cycle assessment is an appropriate method to study the environmental impacts of producing a crop plant throughout its production cycle. This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the life cycle of irrigated wheat production under nitrogen amounts and splitting in Bushehr province during 2017-18The as split plots based on a randomized complete blocks design with four replications. Four nitrogen rates including 70, 140, 210 and 280 kg urea ha-1 was considered as main plots and three nitrogen splitting in basal, beginning of tillering, stem elongation and booting stages was chosen as sub plot.The results demonstrated that with increase of nitrogen application an amount of cumulative energy demand, cumulative energy demand, acidification, eutrophiction and malodorous air were decreased. The average amount of ecological footprint was 1125.87 m2 per year which CO2 emissions had shown the highest effect on the ecological footprint. The average amount of global warming potential (GWP) was 20a and GWP 500a were 400.53 and 384.30 kg CO2 eq, respectively. All pollutants released into the air and the water experienced a decreasing trend with increasing nitrogen rate. By group comparing between different levels of nitrogen at splitting levels, it can be stated that the main cause of variations in the amount of pollutants was the higher output (yield) compared to inputs. Indeed, nitrogen application in four developmental stages has resulted in maximum plant use, resulting in increased yield and emission reduction per unit area. Therefore, reducing the emission of pollutants by increasing nitrogen consumption can be due to yield increasing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Examining the relationship between social skills and marriage consistency of Tabriz working women.
Kamran Sedaghat Nazli Pour lotfolahiSince family is a main and basic entity, maintaining of its basis has an important role in psycho-behavioral healthiness of couples. Lack of relational skills and sentimental, mental and social capabilities makes people vulnerable in facing problems and exposes them to MoreSince family is a main and basic entity, maintaining of its basis has an important role in psycho-behavioral healthiness of couples. Lack of relational skills and sentimental, mental and social capabilities makes people vulnerable in facing problems and exposes them to different kinds of mental, social and behavioral disturbances. So training of social skills is one of the preventing ways of occurrence of marriage problems. The main aim in this research is to determine the relationship between social skills and marriage consistence of working women in Tabriz and professional aims include determination of relation between behavioral and cognitional skills with marriage consistency, the extent of women’s independency demand and marriage consistency, marriage consistency, women’s age and marriage consistency and comparison of marriage consistence of familiarity before marriage and its theoretical framework consists of theories of Freimo, Nay, Gazda, Gatman, Roushe, Marks, Angles. The method of research is metrical. Its statistical population is women who have age range of 20-50 in Tabriz and its sample volume is 381 and the way of sampling is a proper level that was done by simple random method. The tool of researching is a questionnaire that for questions of social skills, the researcher-built questionnaire was used and Spiner questionnaire was used for evaluation of criterion variable (marriage consistency). In order to present results, descriptive methods and statistics were used and correlation coefficient of Pierson, Variance analysis and T-test were used in order to examine hypothesis. Analysis of data was done with spss software. Results show that there is a meaningful relation between variables of social skills (behavioral – cognitional), women’s independency, levels of women’s history of familiarity before marriage, duration of marriage, women’s age and marriage consistency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Anthropological Identification of the Theater Audiences with an Attitude to Understand the Cultural Demands (A Case Study of Shahr Theater (City Theater) and Talare Vahdat (Unity Hall)) Sharareh Jalali
Sharareh Jalali Farahani Jalaladin Rafifar Alireza KaldiIn the present research, we have neither been pursuing to have apathological study of the audience crises not to search for approaches toabsorb audiences in theater but through an anthropological attitude andusing the components of this field , it has tried to put forth MoreIn the present research, we have neither been pursuing to have apathological study of the audience crises not to search for approaches toabsorb audiences in theater but through an anthropological attitude andusing the components of this field , it has tried to put forth interlinkedquestions to gain a relative understanding of the people who form theaudience population of the theater at present time, those who refer to the"Theater Shahr" (City Theater) and "TalarVahdat" (Unity Hall) as the twomain poles of theater nationwide. On this basis, 70 people have beenchosen randomly out of the audiences with regard to their age and genderand have been interviewed with each of them for about 40 to 50 minutes.The research methodology was qualitative and the instrument was thesemi-structured interview. After summing up the interviews andclassifying the motifs, the data were interpreted. The results show that,the most of the audiences see theater merely for filling their leisure timerather than cultural demands. If they were not restricted economically,then they would have preferred trip or other recreations. The intervieweescited a total of ten reasons for going to the theater, the most important ofwhich was "purely for leisure". Theater audiences have similar tastes andconsequently the same cultural preferences. Over 40% of the concernedstatistical population have a high rate of objectified cultural capital andsuffer from poverty in the embodied cultural capital. Despite to thementality ruling over the atmosphere of the theater, more than 60% of theaudiences are comprised of the graduates or students of fields of studyapart from art. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - The Role of Psycho-Social Needs in the Relation between Job Demands and Positive Behavioral Performance
Mohsen Golparvar Zahra Adibi sedege Alzahramadanifar Faheme AbdoliThe main purpose of this research was to investigate the moderating role of psycho-social needs in the relationships between job demands and organizational citizenship behaviors, task performance, and creativity. The statistical population included the employees of a co MoreThe main purpose of this research was to investigate the moderating role of psycho-social needs in the relationships between job demands and organizational citizenship behaviors, task performance, and creativity. The statistical population included the employees of a company affiliated to Ministry of Petroleum in Bandarabas, and from among them, 187 persons were selected using simple random sampling. The research instruments consisted of: needs questionnaire (Yamaguchi, 2003), job demands and task performance questionnaires (Babakas et al, 2009), creativity questionnaire (Tierney et al, 1999), and organizational citizenship behaviors questionnaire (Bukhari and Ali, 2009). The data were analyzed with the use of hierarchical regression analysis. Results revealed that need for affiliation moderates the relationship between role overload and ambiguity with task performance and organizational citizenship behaviors, and need for power moderates the relationship between role overload and ambiguity with creativity. Also, need for power moderates the relationship between role conflict with task performance, with creativity and organizational citizenship behaviors. The results of the current research revealed that needs could relate behavioral tendencies to job stresses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Studying the Demand Schedule and Consumption Behavior of the Urban Households of the Country
Mohammad Ali Motafaker azad Habib Agajani Kazem Amjadi In this paper, the consumption behavior of the Urbanal households of the country in Iran has been studied over 1358-1380 through “Almost Ideal Demand System” model. The articles studied in five main groups include “ More In this paper, the consumption behavior of the Urbanal households of the country in Iran has been studied over 1358-1380 through “Almost Ideal Demand System” model. The articles studied in five main groups include “foods, drinks and tobacco products”, “clothing and shoes”, “residence, fuel and electricity”, and “other goods and services”. To study the consumption behavior of city households, Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) has been used. The estimation of the mentioned system has been performed by SUR method. After estimating this model for various article groups of the country urban households, the related, intersecting and income price elasticity has been calculated. The results obtained from hypotheses test show that the homogeneous hypotheses denoting the lack of users’ monetary suspicion, impressibility of household consumption basket by the relative changes of prices, the necessity of article group of " food, drink and tobacco products " and " furniture ", the concordance of price related coefficients with the demand theory has been verified and the conjunction hypothesis (on the intersection effect of prices) is rejected. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Evolving Fuzzy Systems in Taxi Demand Forecasting and Classification
Luis Linhares Alisson SilvaThis work presents an approach to taxi demand forecasting and classification. The proposed approach uses historical data from taxi rides and meteorological data. The Kruskal-Wallis variable ranking method is used to identify the most relevant variables. The selected var MoreThis work presents an approach to taxi demand forecasting and classification. The proposed approach uses historical data from taxi rides and meteorological data. The Kruskal-Wallis variable ranking method is used to identify the most relevant variables. The selected variables are used as input to an evolving fuzzy system to perform the prediction. Once the forecast is made, the demand results are classified by value ranges. Those ranges are also identified by colors that compose a heatmap, displayed at each time interval. In this work, to perform the prediction, four evolving systems are evaluated: Autonomous Learning Multi-Model (ALMMo); evolving Multivariable Gaussian Fuzzy Modeling System (eMG); evolving Fuzzy with Multivariable Gaussian Participatory Learning and Recursive Maximum Correntropy eFCE and; evolving Neo-Fuzzy Neuron (eNFN). Computational experiments were carried out to evaluate the evolving systems in predicting Pick-Up and Drop-Off, at intervals of 15 and 30 minutes, for 86 zones in New York, covering the period from 01/01/2018 to 31/ 10/2018. The results obtained by the evolving systems are compared with each other and state of the art. Among the evolving models, ALMMo presented the best results compared to the state of the art and other evolving models. Performance obtained by the evolving models suggests that the proposed approach is promising an alternative to forecasting and classifying passenger demand. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Analysis of Challenges, Solutions and Presentation of Desirable Model of Foreign Tourist Attraction (Case Study: Tabriz City)
sayyad Irani Heris majid vali shariat panahi bixhan rahmaniUrban tourism is one of the tools and strategies for sustainable development of cities.In this context, foreign tourists and markets and tourist attractions are important in developing city tourism. Accordingly, urban planners have always sought to plan and to prioritiz MoreUrban tourism is one of the tools and strategies for sustainable development of cities.In this context, foreign tourists and markets and tourist attractions are important in developing city tourism. Accordingly, urban planners have always sought to plan and to prioritize urban capital, to identify tourism demand and to recognize models for developing foreign tourism in cities.The necessity of favorable development of foreign tourism in Tabriz,recognizing effective factors, demand for foreign tourism of the city,providing strategies for foreign tourism development and finally providing an optimal model for urban tourism development. Therefore, the main purpose of the proposed model is to present a favorable model for development of foreign tourism in Tabriz. For this purpose, firstly,through the method of analyzing the content of quality inductive and with data from people, domestic and foreign tourists, experts and field observations, the categories and main factors affecting foreign tourism in Tabriz were identified and then,by completing a questionnaire of221Foreign visitors tourists’ demand has examined. The results show that tourism demand in Tabriz has high elasticity and the tourism potential and high security and new plans along with its competitors, urban challenges and weakness of protection and ethnic and racial issues play a role in formation of Tabriz foreign tourism system. Finally, the desirable model of tourism development in the city is designed and presented based on multifunctional tourists, multi-purpose agencies, development of tourism, tourism experiences, tourism competitors, integrated tourism management, product- tourism market alignment, innovation and entrepreneurship, and ethnic and cultural links of the project Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Vehicle Routing Problem with a Time Window and Stochastic Demand and by Assuming a Competitor in Meeting the Customers' Demands
Behzad Ghasemi Ebrahim Mohammadipirlar Amir Sadeghi -
Open Access Article
108 - Integrated Analytical Model for Relief Logistics in Uncertain Conditions
Ardavan Babaei Kamran Shahanaghi -
Open Access Article
109 - Factors Affecting the Prices of Housing)A Case Study of Rasht(
zahra shabanpoor asghar shokrgozar maryam jafarimehrabiThe correct analysis of the housing market and a true understanding of the factors affecting housing, especially for its price and the effectiveness of each of them, The planners and the authorities to analyze and forecast the future status and accordingly provide appro MoreThe correct analysis of the housing market and a true understanding of the factors affecting housing, especially for its price and the effectiveness of each of them, The planners and the authorities to analyze and forecast the future status and accordingly provide appropriate solutions. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting housing prices in the city of Rasht (2005-2014) years has been conducted. The method in this research is descriptive-analytical, Data is collected using documentary and survey. According to the results of T-test, the factors of the number of completed buildings and socio-economic characteristics have a great influence on the house price. Factors of land prices, inflation, municipal costs, construction services prices, geographic location, income,having title deeds for residential units, and extent of residential units have little impact on housing prices and, factor of access to services has moderate impact. According to the results of Fridman Test the factors affecting housing price in Rasht that have the high ranks are socio-economic characteristics factors (9.77), number of completed buildings (9.76), and access to urban services (9.36). Other findings have indicated that districts 1 and 3 of Rasht have had the highest fluctuations in housing prices during 2005-2014. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Two-stage Operational Planning of a Virtual Power Plant in the Presence of a Demand Response Program
Amirali Shahkoomahalli Amangaldi Koochaki Heidarali Shayanfar -
Open Access Article
111 - Review of women's educational demands in the Qajar period based on "Habalamatin Kolkata newspaper"
shirin sharifiThis article explains the reasons and motivations of knowledgeable and pioneering women of the Qajar era in order to make themselve enjoy the modern education. The women's need for education and training in a new and non-traditional style was a prerequisite for all thei MoreThis article explains the reasons and motivations of knowledgeable and pioneering women of the Qajar era in order to make themselve enjoy the modern education. The women's need for education and training in a new and non-traditional style was a prerequisite for all their desires, because without an effective education, their other desires would not be possible to be fulfilled. The findings show that reasons such as: the emergence of competent women to raise children, equalization with men, the right to vote, promotion of the family value, and the acquisition of rights and competencies formed their intellectual framework in justifying the patriarchal society of that time.The demands voices of women, and even men alike, were reflected in an atmosphere that was the inheritor of traditional cultures, religious readings and practices mixed with prejudice and self-thinking of its performers, that made the realization of this dream difficult. The women's community has set its expectations in the role of mother and wife from a long-term strategic perspective, and has left the idea of its independent individuality to the women of the future. The main source in this research is the texts of Habalamatiin Kolkata newspaper. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - The effects of Total Factor Productivity on Employment in Iranian Manufacturing Industries
shima sangsari mohammadgholi yousefy hamid amadehThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of total productivity factors on employment in Iran's industrial sectors using Autoregressive distributed lag and error correction model over the period 1996-2016. In modeling, industries are categorized into three gro MoreThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of total productivity factors on employment in Iran's industrial sectors using Autoregressive distributed lag and error correction model over the period 1996-2016. In modeling, industries are categorized into three groups of low-technology, Medium Low Technology, and Medium High Technology industries. The results show a significant and negative impact of total factor productivity on employment in Total industries and Medium High Technology industries that means meaning that the increase in total productivity factors in short and long term reduces total employment of Medium High Technology industries. In addition, total factor productivity has a negative effect on employment in low Technology and Medium Low Technology, meaning that increasing productivity in both the short and long run reduces employment in low-tech and medium-low industries. According to the results, increasing the skill and Workforce expertise and new Machinery can lead to increased productivity in the employment of Iranian industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Estimation of gasoline, electricity and gas demand system for urban households of Iran
Aliakbar KhosravinejadThe purpose of this paper is to estimate the income, price and crossover elasticity's of energy carriers of Iranian urban households. For this purpose, the demand system of energy carriers including gasoline, household electricity and household gas for urban households MoreThe purpose of this paper is to estimate the income, price and crossover elasticity's of energy carriers of Iranian urban households. For this purpose, the demand system of energy carriers including gasoline, household electricity and household gas for urban households is estimated from the combined household-year data with 77758 households during the years 2016-2017. The distinguishing feature of this article is the use of monthly price index data along with cross-sectional household budget data. The results show that gasoline, household electricity and household gas are among the essential goods. Of these three commodities, gasoline and household electricity are estimated to be elastic and gas domestic is elastic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Factors Causing Oil Price Shocks With Emphasis on the Behavior of Large Producers
Jalal Dehnavi Mir Hossein MousaviThe aim of the article is to present a new approach to the analysis of oil price shocks and, of course, a better explanation of oil wars. To achieve the goal, the structural vector autoregression model based on the Kilian (2009) model has been used with the aim of model MoreThe aim of the article is to present a new approach to the analysis of oil price shocks and, of course, a better explanation of oil wars. To achieve the goal, the structural vector autoregression model based on the Kilian (2009) model has been used with the aim of modeling oil market shocks during the period of 1985-2019. The results showed that the recent price war, due to the significant growth of the US oil supply (supply shock) and its simultaneous with the spread of the corona virus (demand shock), has caused a sharp decrease in the price of oil and shortened the price war period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Targeting the Price of Energy Carriers and Consumption Behavior of Urban Households in Iran
S.M. Ahmadi J. Pajooyan E. GholamiThe main purpose of this paper is to investigate the composition of consuming expenditures of urban households in Iran under various scenarios of the price of energy carriers. For this purpose, initially, goods and services consumed by urban households are divided into MoreThe main purpose of this paper is to investigate the composition of consuming expenditures of urban households in Iran under various scenarios of the price of energy carriers. For this purpose, initially, goods and services consumed by urban households are divided into 7 groups and the share of total household expenditures is estimated by applying an almost ideal demand system (AIDS) and the data of the years 2001-2010 for 10 cost deciles. Then, the average of the share of each of these groups is simulated for the years 2011 -2013 under two scenarios of 20 and 85 percentage of the price. The results indicate that using either of these two scenarios does not change the consumption composition of urban households and consumers preferences before relating the price to the needs and priorities. So, if the government plans to impose steep price scenarios, it should follow supporting supplements policies to compensate the decline of consumer welfare. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Modifying Adjusted Flag Location Quotient (AFLQ) (A case study o Tehran province)
Ali Azadinejad Abas Esari Arani Esfandiar Jahangard Alireza NaseriLocation quotient is a non-statistical method which brakes technical coefficient and uses some especial treatment to adjust them for regional studies. This method has evolved during the time and its latest version is known as augmented AFLQ based on specialty sector. Th MoreLocation quotient is a non-statistical method which brakes technical coefficient and uses some especial treatment to adjust them for regional studies. This method has evolved during the time and its latest version is known as augmented AFLQ based on specialty sector. This article attempts to challenge this method by using the data of Tehran Province (2007) as a case study underlining the crucial cracks in it. This crucial crack is inability in truly adjusting backward linkage of the demand of weak sectors which make regionally weak sectors wrongly being considered as the key sectors of the demand side. At last, a method will be presented much more accurate in converting national table to regional table in which this crucial crack has been resolved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Money Growth Uncertainty and Currency Substitution in IRAN: A Multivariate GARCH Approach
Sima Eskandari Sabzi Asad Allah Farzinvash Kambiz Hojabr Kiani Hamid ShahrestaniThe aim of this paper is surveying the effects of money growth uncertainty on currency substitution. For this, bivariate GARCH model and VAR-BEKK method was used on the base of data for 1979 to 2014. The results show that money growth uncertainty affects currency substi MoreThe aim of this paper is surveying the effects of money growth uncertainty on currency substitution. For this, bivariate GARCH model and VAR-BEKK method was used on the base of data for 1979 to 2014. The results show that money growth uncertainty affects currency substitution positively. Also, currency substitution, affected by its own past shock and the currency growth. On the other hand, there have been spillover of fluctuations from the currency growth to currency substitution and vice versa. Due to the existence of currency growth effective relationship on the currency substitution in Iran, it is necessary for controlling currency growth and preventing from currency irregular growth by policy makers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Education Demand and the Share of Educational in Income Inequality
Ali Falahati Shahram Fatahi Younes Goli Somayeh Goli Abstract This paper, by using household micro-level data over 2010-2014 and utilizing the generalized Logit model and Oaxaca-blinder and Machado-Mata decomposition, investigates the factor affecting educational demands and determining the share of education in More Abstract This paper, by using household micro-level data over 2010-2014 and utilizing the generalized Logit model and Oaxaca-blinder and Machado-Mata decomposition, investigates the factor affecting educational demands and determining the share of education in income inequality. The results show that increase the parents’ years of educational and decrease in number of children lead to increase the educational demand. The results of decomposition models, also, indicate the share of education in income inequality at the bottom deciles of income is 0.6 and at the top deciles is 2.5 percent. Averagely, the share of education in income inequality in 2010 was equal to 1.46 and in 2014 to 3.26 percent. To increase the efficiency of education in the country, the policies such as creation increase the relationship between university and industry, quality of education and increase investment in sectors whit higher forward and backward linkage is advised. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - A Systematic Analysis of the Effect of Civic Houses Real Expenditure Changes on the Share of New Automobile in Household Consumption Basket
parvaneh salatin azadmehr kahram maryam javadiThe effect of effective variables on the share of new automobile in household consumption basket has been considered and analyzed in this research during 1991-2007 by using Almost Ideal Demand System. Results of estimating seemingly unrelated regression represents that MoreThe effect of effective variables on the share of new automobile in household consumption basket has been considered and analyzed in this research during 1991-2007 by using Almost Ideal Demand System. Results of estimating seemingly unrelated regression represents that the real expenditure changes of household, household dimension and cost changes of other goods will affect this share. The study of expenditure elasticity and price elasticity estimation, respectively, shows the luxuriousness and elasticity of automobile in Iran economy. The results of automobile cross-price elasticity estimation by other groups explain that automobile is an alternate to three groups of food, non-food and housing, that is, the increase of automobile price will cause to increase the expenditure of household basket in all three groups share. More importantly is the point that the two groups of food and housing are the complements to automobile. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Estimation of Consumers’ Welfare Changes by Using True Cost of Living Index in Iran
Ali Akbar Khosravi nejad Ebrahim Siami AraghiThis paper introduce index numbers theory emphasis on economic approach and its applied welfare of consumer behavior. Price index number theory, product and welfare are one of the most important debate in economics while expand changes index numbers theory has been expe MoreThis paper introduce index numbers theory emphasis on economic approach and its applied welfare of consumer behavior. Price index number theory, product and welfare are one of the most important debate in economics while expand changes index numbers theory has been experienced in last three decades. These changes can be related to views differences of economists to index number theory. Some economists calculated welfare measurement and welfare changes with relating to demand system like Linear Expenditure System (LES) and Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS). In this paper, True Cost of living Index is estimated by using AIDS. The Results indicate that the Cost of Living Index in rural area is larger than urban during 1997-2007. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - The Demand for Away from Home Food in Iranian Households: An Application of Box-Cox Double Hurdle Model
hasan farazmand hamidreza hallafiAbstract Inspired by Becker’s model (1965) and Double-Hurdle pattern by the transformation of Box-Cox and also using the statistical data related to the income and expenses of the urban and rural households in Iran during the year 2012, the most important economi MoreAbstract Inspired by Becker’s model (1965) and Double-Hurdle pattern by the transformation of Box-Cox and also using the statistical data related to the income and expenses of the urban and rural households in Iran during the year 2012, the most important economic and demographic reasons affecting the probable participation and amount of consumption of food away from home has been identified and then the elasticities related to the probable participation and conditional and unconditional consumptions been calculated. The elasticities resulting from estimating the maximum likelihood function of the research under the study indicates that the results of the explanatory factors on the probable participation and the expenses pertaining to the food away from home are sometimes favorable and sometimes contradictory and contrastive. The families themselves and their educational level respectively have a negative and positive favorable effect on the consumption of food away from home. The average age factor of the household has negative elasticity on the probable participation and positive elasticity on costs. So, it has a contrasting effect on the consumption of food away from home. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Comparing the Performance of Linear and Non-Linear Models to Explain Almost Ideal Demand System
Mohammad Rezaei pour Mehdi Zolfaghari mojtaba yousefi dindarloo Abolfazl NajarzadehIn most of empirical studies based on almost ideal demand system (Aids), the elasticity of the price and income estimated by these equations resulted to some sensitive policy making recommendations in microeconomics and macroeconomics. It is in such a case that there is MoreIn most of empirical studies based on almost ideal demand system (Aids), the elasticity of the price and income estimated by these equations resulted to some sensitive policy making recommendations in microeconomics and macroeconomics. It is in such a case that there is some doubt about reliability of linear estimation of such models. In this study, the performance of linear and non-linear almost ideal demand system is under the investigation. For this purpose, seemingly unrelated regression (SURE) method will be applied to estimate linear model and multilayered feed forward neural network (MFNN) is used to estimate a non-linear one. The results indicate that multilayered feed forward neural network is associated with less error than the linear model, and consequently, leads to a better estimation of almost ideal demand system. This result creates some hesitate on application of Stone price index for linear zing estimation of almost ideal demand system. Therefore, it is suggested that feed forward neural network will be applied to estimate almost ideal demand systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Investigating the Living Situation of Householders in West Azerbaijan and Comparing It to the Whole Country
mohammad naghibi safiar aminiThe investigation of consumer behavior in rural and urban areas of west Azerbaijan province and comparing it to the whole countries the main purpose of this paper by using systematic demand of minimum cost of living. The results of this study show that the most marginal MoreThe investigation of consumer behavior in rural and urban areas of west Azerbaijan province and comparing it to the whole countries the main purpose of this paper by using systematic demand of minimum cost of living. The results of this study show that the most marginal propensity in urban and rural area of west Azerbaijan province and rural of Iran is devoted to "Foods, Beverages and Tobacco groups", but in urban area of Iran it is devoted to "Other groups". The summation of minimum cost of living in urban and rural areas of west Azerbaijan province was more than urban and rural areas of the whole country respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Estimating the Food Price and Income Elasticities in Tehran Urban Households
vida varahrami zohreh hoshmand reza yousefi haji absdAbstract The aim of this research is to estimate the food price and income elasticities in urban household of Tehran province. For this purpose, the data of household food items in Tehran province used by different groups of household consumer goods are gathered and th MoreAbstract The aim of this research is to estimate the food price and income elasticities in urban household of Tehran province. For this purpose, the data of household food items in Tehran province used by different groups of household consumer goods are gathered and then handled as a combination of linear almost ideal demand system based on seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) during 2004- 2012. In this paper, the behavior of price and income elasticities has been studied in urban households. The overall results represent that cereals, dairy products and oils group are a part of essential commodities. Meats, fish and marine animals are luxury goods. Cross-price elasticities, in term of absolute value, are less than one in most cases. Auto-price elasticity of fish and marine animals is more than one unit. In other word, this group is a kind of elastic goods Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Calculation of Elasticity of CO2 Emission Intensity of Energy-Intensive Industries with the Approach of Identifying Important Input-Output Coefficients
Elaheh Shareie Ali Faridzad ali asghar banoueiAbstract &nbs MoreAbstract The purpose of this study is to analyses the effect of changes in technology and distribution of economic sectors on CO2 emission intensity of the first five Iranian energy intensive industries used identifying Important Coefficients based on 2011 input-output table. The results of two Leontief Demand-Driven and Ghosh Supply-Driven Approaches show that one percent changing in technology of production and distribution of product of chemical materials and chemical products manufacturing, coking, processing of petroleum and nuclear fuel and manufacture of basic metal products will reduce more than one percent of CO2 emissions intensity. Since that mentioned sectors are in inappropriate condition due to their great potential CO2 emissions intensities, hence it is essential to make emission reduction policies about these sectors to reduce CO2 emissions intensity significantly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Economic Growth in the Middle East Countries
amirreza souri mohammad hassan sabouri deilami javad attaranThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between crude oil demand and economic growth in Middle East by panel unit root and co-integration developed techniques during 1980-2007. By developing a model, the crude oil demand, oil price and GDP and their gro MoreThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between crude oil demand and economic growth in Middle East by panel unit root and co-integration developed techniques during 1980-2007. By developing a model, the crude oil demand, oil price and GDP and their growth rates will be explained. In continue, we are going to estimate two various models for oil demand function and the effect of economic growth on Middle East oil demand. The findings represent that the demand function is asymmetric in respect to price and income. Also, economic growth rate is the most important factor for increasing crude oil consumption in Middle East countries. On the other hand, these countries’ oil demand elasticity based upon the price and income is low, but income elasticity is higher than price. However, the findings suggest that oil demand is more important than economic growth. It is because of these countries’ disability in replacing crude oil by new energy sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Economic Modeling of Agricultural Water Resource Management in Tehran Province with Emphasis on the Role of Water Market
Abolfazl Mahmoudi Abozar ParhizkariIn present study the formation effects of local and regional water markets in Tehran province were investigated and the potential of water transfer under water scarcity conditions in this province were analyzed. For this purpose, an economic modeling including positive MoreIn present study the formation effects of local and regional water markets in Tehran province were investigated and the potential of water transfer under water scarcity conditions in this province were analyzed. For this purpose, an economic modeling including positive mathematical programming (PMP) model and state wide agricultural production (SWAP) functions were used. The results showed that with establishment of the local and regional water markets in Tehran province; in addition to creation the balance between supply and demand of irrigation water and equilibrate the water trading between the studied regions, total irrigated lands 7/41% and total farmers’ gross profit 9/27% are increased. Finally, due to the supportive and constructive role of local and regional water markets, providing the required grounds to establishment and optimal use of this type of mechanism in Tehran province and other regions of the country where have shared water resources are suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Improving the Performance of Forecasting Models with Classical Statistical and Intelligent Models in Industrial Productions
Maryam Bahrami Mehdi Khashei Atefeh Amindoust -
Open Access Article
129 - A New Hybrid Prediction Reduces the Bullwhip Effect of Demand in a Three-level Supply Chain
Afshin Yousefi Ayub Rahimzadeh Alireza Moradi -
Open Access Article
130 - Demand Side Management in a Smart Micro-Grid in the Presence of Renewable Generation and Demand Response
gholamreza aghajani Davar Mirabbasi Behrooz Alfi Hadi Seyyed HatamiIn this study, a stochastic programming model is proposed to optimize the performance of a smart micro-grid in a short term to minimize operating costs and emissions with renewable sources. In order to achieve an accurate model, the use of a probability density function MoreIn this study, a stochastic programming model is proposed to optimize the performance of a smart micro-grid in a short term to minimize operating costs and emissions with renewable sources. In order to achieve an accurate model, the use of a probability density function to predict the wind speed and solar irradiance is proposed. On the other hand, in order to resolve the power produced from the wind and the solar renewable uncertainty of sources, the use of demand response programs with the participation of residential, commercial and industrial consumers is proposed. In this paper, we recommend the use of incentive-based payments as price offer packages in order to implement demand response programs. Results of the simulation are considered in three different cases for the optimization of operational costs and emissions with/without the involvement of demand response. The multi-objective particle swarm optimization method is utilized to solve this problem. In order to validate the proposed model, it is employed on a sample smart micro-grid, and the obtained numerical results clearly indicate the impact of demand side management on reducing the effect of uncertainty induced by the predicted power generation using wind turbines and solar cells. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Provide a Novel Two-Step Approach for Self-Healing Restoration of Smart Distribution Network
Hasan Keshavarz Ziarani Seyed Hossein Hosseinian Ahmad FakharianSelf-Healing is the most essential feature for smart distribution network Restoration when a fault occurs. Islanding of the fault zone can be done both offline and online. Using the online islanding method to restoration the service in the fault zone, the boundary of is MoreSelf-Healing is the most essential feature for smart distribution network Restoration when a fault occurs. Islanding of the fault zone can be done both offline and online. Using the online islanding method to restoration the service in the fault zone, the boundary of islanding micro-grids and the number of islands can be determined optimally during the fault. In this study, a novel two-step mathematical method for self-healing restoration after the fault is presented. In the first layer, the optimal arrangement of the system in the faulty area is determined by a new mathematical model. In the first layer, the boundary of island-operating MGs is determined after the fault, which leads to decreasing load shedding and operation costs of the distribution system. Then, in the second layer, the unit commitment problem in the smart distribution system is solved. The load shedding or outage, non-dispatchable distributed generation (DG) resources rescheduling, and optimal planning energy storage systems (ESSs) are determined. Low execution time and the optimal solution are the most essential advantages of the pro­po­s­ed scheme. Tools such as smart load shedding and demand response Programs (DRP) have also been used for optimal system restoration. The IEEE 33-bus distribution system is used to validate the prop­osed method. The results of case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Bi-Level Energy Management Optimization in Multi-Area Smart Grids
Mohammad Ali Hormozi Bahman Bahmani Firoozi Taher NiknamOptimal energy management in multi area smart grids will increase social welfare, reduce economic costs and environmental pollution. Power management solutions for smart grids include issues such as economical distribution of load, suitable load management, optimized ch MoreOptimal energy management in multi area smart grids will increase social welfare, reduce economic costs and environmental pollution. Power management solutions for smart grids include issues such as economical distribution of load, suitable load management, optimized charging and discharging of energy storages, and the availability of renewable resources considering limitation of power exchange in different area, all of which are issues in an intelligent grid, that in this paper has been considered. This paper presents a bi-level mixed integer quadratic programming (MIQP) model for energy management in multi-are smart grids with the aim of reducing economic costs and environmental pollution and increasing social welfare by considering energy storage systems, load management and Renewable resources are presented. In this paper presents a bi-level approach that the upper level is formulated to minimization economic cost and pollution of resource and lower level is presented to maximization social welfare in the form of Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions. The simulation is implemented in MATLAB with Gurobi solver that the results show that the proposed bi-level model is also an efficient way to optimize energy in multi-area smart grids compared to Pareto front and Weight methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Long-Term Demand Forecasting in Electrical Energy Supply Chain of Espidan Ironstone Industry using Deep Learning and Extreme Learning Machine
Sepehr Moalem Roya M. Ahari Ghazanfar Shahgholian Majid Moazzami Seyed Mohammad KazemiEspidan ironstone industries is one of the most consumed power industries in the electricity supply chain of Isfahan province as the second industrial hub of the country and one of the main suppliers of raw materials in the supply chain of the country's steel industry. MoreEspidan ironstone industries is one of the most consumed power industries in the electricity supply chain of Isfahan province as the second industrial hub of the country and one of the main suppliers of raw materials in the supply chain of the country's steel industry. Planning in a large-scale electricity supply chain, in a space full of uncertainty, is begin with electricity demand forecasting.In this paper, a hybrid long-term demand forecasting method in the electricity supply chain of Isfahan's ironstone industries using a combined data mining method including wavelet transform,deep learning and intensive learning machine is proposed. The used data in this study is according to the recorded information from the electrical energy demand signal of Espidan ironstone industries in a period of 40 months in the form of 24-hours. The data in a part of the study period due to the lack of production of this industry in some hours are interrupted. So that only 40% of the data had a value and the remaining, 60% were zero. This subject led to information deficiencies and increases the forecasting error up to 40% in the first step of the proposed algorithm. By completing the first step of the proposed model with intense learning machine (ELM) the forecasting error is reduced and it was possible to create an improved forecasting model for supervised training. Finally, simulation results are compared with other available approaches such as support vector machine and decision tree. The results show the improvement and reduction of error and a significant increase in the accuracy of the proposed method in long-term demand forecasting in the electricity supply chain of Espidan ironstone industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Demand Response Programs Modeling in Multiple Energy and Structure Management in Microgrids Equipped by Combined Heat and Power Generation
Majid Zare Seyed Amin Saeed Hamidreza AkbariEnergy management in microgrids is done with different goals such as reducing operation costs. In this approach, the microgrid operator tries to manage energy in order to supply the energy required by consumers at the lowest possible cost, by determining the amount of e MoreEnergy management in microgrids is done with different goals such as reducing operation costs. In this approach, the microgrid operator tries to manage energy in order to supply the energy required by consumers at the lowest possible cost, by determining the amount of energy generation by each of the available energy sources. These resources can generate electrical, thermal or combined energy. In this paper, energy and structure management in microgrids have been done with objectives such as reducing operation costs, reducing environmental pollution and improving technical indices such as reducing real power losses. For this purpose, it has been used from options such as demand response programs, storage devices, distributed generation resources such as combined heat and power generators, renewable sources such as wind and photovoltaic units and feeder reconfiguration. In this paper, the genetic algorithm, which is one of the most valid meta-heuristic algorithms, is used to solve the optimization problem. Numerical results show the efficiency of the proposed model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Distribution Systems Energy Management in the presence of Smart Homes, Renewable Energy Resources and Demand Response Programs by Considering Uncertainties
Seyed Alireza Alavimatin Pouria Radmehr Amir Ahmarinejad Seyed Amir MansouriIn this paper, a comprehensive energy management model is proposed in order to the operation of a ‎modified 33-radial bus distribution system, in the presence of smart homes. In the proposed model, ‎smart home customers are able to participate in a demand respon MoreIn this paper, a comprehensive energy management model is proposed in order to the operation of a ‎modified 33-radial bus distribution system, in the presence of smart homes. In the proposed model, ‎smart home customers are able to participate in a demand response (DR) program and their comfort ‎index is also considered as the main constraint. The model also considers uncertainties related to the ‎load demand, the generation of renewable energy resources and electricity price. The Monte Carlo ‎simulation method and the ScenRed tool are utilized to generate and reduce the scenarios, respectively. ‎In order to mimic the actual operating conditions, in the simulation, the seasonal variations of load ‎and generation are considered and the operation problem is solved for four seasons.‎‏ ‏A linear AC ‎power flow is also used in the model. Finally, the problem is modeled as a mixed-integer linear ‎programming (MILP) problem and solved by the CPLEX solver in GAMS software. The simulation ‎results demonstrate that the model proposed in this study is a comprehensive framework for the ‎operation of distribution systems in the presence of smart homes, which not only reduces operating ‎costs but also increases the consumers’ comfort index.‎ Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Dual-Objectives Energy and Load Management for an Energy Hub by Considering Diverse Plannings and in the Presence of CCUS Technology and the TOU Program
Fardin Niazvand Saeed Kharrati Farshad Khosravi Abdollah RastgouThis paper presents energy and load management by using a scenario-based assessment strategy for the optimal scheduling of a proposed hub by considering uncertain parameters (electricity price and wind turbine output power). Carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) MoreThis paper presents energy and load management by using a scenario-based assessment strategy for the optimal scheduling of a proposed hub by considering uncertain parameters (electricity price and wind turbine output power). Carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) technology and demand response programs (DRP), especially the time of use (TOU) program are investigated. Carbon technology helps to overcome pollution issues, on the one hand, and earn revenue for the power system, on the other hand. Also, the demand response programs help to reduce costs and pollution, make the load curve flatter, increase the reliability and power quality of the network. The proposed energy hub consists of various renewable and non-renewable distributed energy resources, as well different planning horizons, include deterministic and robust ones. The presented hub consists of diverse energy sectors like electricity, heat, cooling, gas, and water at the input and output sections. The problem is then modeled as a MILP and solved using the CPLEX solver in GAMS software. Epsilon constraint method with the fuzzy satisfying approach is used to obtain and select the best solution. The final results show that the cost and the pollution in the robust planning experience the increment by about 12.3% and 1.9% respectively in comparison to deterministic, as well, demand response programs and CCUS technology are had a significant impact on the objective functions. In addition, the load curve has become flatter and the reward by using a carbon system is obtained for the hub. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - A Three-Level Framework for Determining the Optimal Strategy of Microgrids to Participate in the Day-Ahead Competitive Market by Considering Electric Vehicles and Demand Response Programs
Abolfazl Bayatian Amir AhmarinejadIn this paper, a three-level scenario-based framework for determining the optimal strategy and planning of microgrids located in a 118-bus distribution system is presented. This paper considers the uncertai­nties of renewable energy resources, load demand, and the c MoreIn this paper, a three-level scenario-based framework for determining the optimal strategy and planning of microgrids located in a 118-bus distribution system is presented. This paper considers the uncertai­nties of renewable energy resources, load demand, and the charge / discharge schedule of electric vehicles. In order to increase planning flexibility, the operator will be able to change the flow through the distribution feeder reconfiguration. Also in the proposed model, customers will be able to reduce their costs by participating in a demand response program. In the first level of the proposed model, the bidding strategy of microgrids is determined. In the second level, the market clearing price is determined by the independent system operator and according to the submitted bids. Finally, in the third stage, the problem of final microgrid programming is solved by a participatory game theory method. The proposed model is solved by the CPLEX solver in GAMS software and the results show that the dynamic topology improves the planning flexibility and thus reduces the total operating cost by about 10%. The results also show that the coordination of electric vehicles with scheduling, the presence of storage systems and the implementation of the demand response program leads to a significant reduction in the level of market-clearing price and thus reduce operating costs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Optimal intensity measures for probabilistic seismic demand modeling of multi-span continuous concrete box girder bridges subjected to near-field earthquakes
Hoodean Malekzadeh Hassan Abbasi Mahmood Hooseini Armin Aziminejad Mohammadreza Adib RamezaniSeismic intensity measures (IMs) perform a pivotal role in probabilistic seismic demand modeling. Past studies investigated appropriate IMs for structures, including the vital component of the transportation system, the highway bridges. These studies were mainly focused MoreSeismic intensity measures (IMs) perform a pivotal role in probabilistic seismic demand modeling. Past studies investigated appropriate IMs for structures, including the vital component of the transportation system, the highway bridges. These studies were mainly focused on far-field earthquakes and did not consider the strong vertical component of ground motions in near-field earthquakes. In order to evaluate the optimal IMs for the multi-span continuous concrete box girder bridges subjected to near-field earthquakes, ten sample bridges were modeled and then subjected to three-component records of 164 near-field earthquakes applying the OpenSees software framework. In the present research, 5 engineering demand parameters considering the most critical response parameters related to columns and deck were selected, along with 24 intensity measures considering the horizontal and vertical components of ground motions. Base on the optimality investigation method, parameters such as efficiency, practicality, proficiency, sufficiency, and relative sufficiency were considered. In total, 8200 nonlinear time-history analyses were conducted. The results presented that the peak ground velocity of the horizontal component (PGVH), velocity spectrum intensity of the horizontal components(VSIH), and Housner intensity of horizontal components (HIH) were the optimal intensity measures, and vertical component of ground motions in near-field earthquakes should be considered in optimality investigation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - A New Approach for Solving Fuzzy Single Facility Location Problem Under L1 Norm
Nemat Allah Taghi-Nezhad Fatemeh Taleshian -
Open Access Article
140 - Cross-Border Gas Pipelines and Energy Security of Islamic Republic Of Iran
Hojjat SalimiAbstract: Nowadays the security of energy is one of the most important dimensions of national security and focus of attention of all states. Iran for the reason of having rich natural gas resources and special geopolitical location has great potential in int MoreAbstract: Nowadays the security of energy is one of the most important dimensions of national security and focus of attention of all states. Iran for the reason of having rich natural gas resources and special geopolitical location has great potential in international gas trade through pipeline. The purpose of the present paper is to explain the challenges that Iran is facing for providing security of energy through cross border pipelines. The basic point is what are the most important challenges which Iran is facing in natural gas trade through cross border pipelines and what are the solution for managing these challenges? The descriptive-analytical examination of the issue shows that Iran is facing challenges in three sectors. These challenges are the security of supply, demand and transit, but the most important among these three is the security of demand. In the direction of maintaining demand and diversification of it, the suitable solution is the increase in attraction of foreign investment and transfer of technical know-how, readiness to increase supply in emergency situation when the demand suddenly increases and subsiding the international disputes in supply of natural gas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - مدل کنترل موجودی بهینه محصولات منسوخ شدنی با در نظر گیری تاخیر مجاز در پرداخت و تقاضا وابسته به زمان، با استفاده از الگوریتم PSO
حسن زمانی باجگانی محمدرضا غلامیاناین مطالعه یک مدل کنترل موجودی را برای تعیین چرخه بهینه بازپرسازی اقلام منسوخ شدنی ارائه میکند، که در آن تقاضای مشتری به صورت یک تابع کاهشی از زمان در حالت منسوخ شدن ناگهانی در نظر گرفته شده است. علاوه بر این، برای تشویق خریدار به خرید بیشتر، فروشنده می تواند به خریدار Moreاین مطالعه یک مدل کنترل موجودی را برای تعیین چرخه بهینه بازپرسازی اقلام منسوخ شدنی ارائه میکند، که در آن تقاضای مشتری به صورت یک تابع کاهشی از زمان در حالت منسوخ شدن ناگهانی در نظر گرفته شده است. علاوه بر این، برای تشویق خریدار به خرید بیشتر، فروشنده می تواند به خریدار اجازه دهد هزینه را با تاخیر پرداخت کند. بر این اساس، مقاله حاضر بر بررسی یک مدل کنترل موجودی برای اقلام منسوخ شدنی با در نظر گرفتن سیاست اعتبار تجاری و تقاضای وابسته به زمان و حالت منسوخ شدن ناگهانی تمرکز دارد. با توجه به غیر خطی بودن مدل پیشنهادی، از تقریب سری تیلور برای حل آن استفاده شد. علاوه بر این، برای جلوگیری از تأثیر تقریب سری تیلور بر راهحل بهینه، از یک الگوریتم فراابتکاری بهینهسازی ازدحام ذرات کارآمد برای یافتن راهحل نزدیک به بهینه استفاده شد که نشاندهنده پاسخهای بهتر است. سپس مثالهای عددی در مورد مطالعاتی صنعت عمده فروشی تلفن همراه برای نشان دادن اعتبار مدل پیشنهادی در نظر گرفته و حل شد. در نهایت، یک تحلیل حساسیت در زمینه اثرات پارامترهای اصلی بر سود کل و زمان چرخه بازپرسازی انجام شد. نتایج عددی حاکی از آن است که گنجاندن ریسک منسوخ شدگی در مدل موجودی کالا برای اقلام منسوخ شدنی در افزایش سود و در عین حال کاهش هزینه های این اقلام تاثیر بسزایی دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Study of the Effect of Microwave and Energy Efficiency on Industrial Wastewater Remediation
Zeinab AMIN NEZIH KAMIL SALIHOGLU MERVE AHMADThe overall aim of this study was to investigate the effect of microwave radiation treatment on chemical oxygen demand, color and nutrients in the industrial wastewater in Bursa, Turkey without by products in the optimum time, according to the standard method. The resul MoreThe overall aim of this study was to investigate the effect of microwave radiation treatment on chemical oxygen demand, color and nutrients in the industrial wastewater in Bursa, Turkey without by products in the optimum time, according to the standard method. The results show that during microwave radiation with a power of 900 watts, the efficiency of removal of 79% chemical oxygen demand, 23.55% color, 65% phosphorus and 95% ammonium nitrate with sampling at 0, 60, 120, 150, 180, 240420,360,300, s. The power consumption is also 30.8 watts, 164 watts, 143.5 watts and 102.5 watts, respectively. After five minutes of microwave irradiation, the removal efficiency of over 50% for nutrients and chemical oxygen demand is observed, and the lowest removal percentage is related to color with maximum energy consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Measuring the incremental coefficient of water and sewage effluent and its applications in predicting the rotational economy of water for intermediate consumption and final demand based on the input-output table model
kourosh javadi pashakiFrom demand perspective, water is an essential and irreplaceable commodity in the household basket and production intermediate demand in the economic sectors. In economics, the price of a commodity depends on the final demand for it but this issue is not the same for wa MoreFrom demand perspective, water is an essential and irreplaceable commodity in the household basket and production intermediate demand in the economic sectors. In economics, the price of a commodity depends on the final demand for it but this issue is not the same for water due to its low price. All the economic sectors are dependent on water and no sector can operate and offer services without it. Water is in close contact with environment. The economy based on recirculating of water and use of sewage effluent in the manufacturing sector leads to decrease in usage of underground water. This paper uses the statistics of water accounting and based on the input-output tables, calculates the incremental coefficient of sewage effluent, surface water, underground water, Water abstraction from the sea, and usage of water in industrial units in different sectors of economy and predicts the amount of water consumption based on the national economic growth and population growth for the year 1410. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - The study and analysis of request and demand in Kamaloudin Esmaiel Esfahani's poetry
aliasghar Baba Safari zaynab Farahnak JafariLiterary works are divided into different groups based on their subject maters. They include epic, didactic, dramatic, and lyric. The category of request and demand which is the subdivision of lyric literature has been manifested in different forms in the poetry of many MoreLiterary works are divided into different groups based on their subject maters. They include epic, didactic, dramatic, and lyric. The category of request and demand which is the subdivision of lyric literature has been manifested in different forms in the poetry of many early and contemporary poets. Generally, different types of request and demands are divided into two main categories; namely, materialistic demand and non materialistic one .Poets by using various methods have presented them in their works. In this article the subject of demand and request in the poetry of Kamaloudin Esmaiel Esfahani has been investigated. In this field, the attempt is made to analyze all poems from his Divan including materialistic request and non materialistic one. The result shows that two third of the demands were materialistic ones due to poor living condition of the poet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - A Novel Caching Strategy in Video-on-Demand (VoD) Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Networks Based on Complex Network Theory
Venus Marza Amir. H JadidiNejad -
Open Access Article
146 - They analyze of supply and demand home in Tehran one Zone
rahmatollah farhoodi ali karim khanHousing problem is one of the outcomes industrialization and urbanization. Slum areas in developing countries are seen as a sign of seriousness of urban housing problems. Iran also a developing country which has been on the verge of changing from a traditional farming e MoreHousing problem is one of the outcomes industrialization and urbanization. Slum areas in developing countries are seen as a sign of seriousness of urban housing problems. Iran also a developing country which has been on the verge of changing from a traditional farming economy to an industrialized and urban economy since 1340,s has been a witness on the formation of urban problems especially in the housing sector. At the present time the demand for housing is higher than its supply, hence limited availability of housing, high price of property, and high rents has becomes a major problem in large cities like Tehran and as relevant to this paper in the Tehran's first district. Tehran as the First city of the country has always been facing lack of housing and hence high property prices. This hypothesis by its own is comprised of 4 sub categories. These hypothesis are based on information gathered from 100 questioners field by family's residing in the district and have been analyzed using SPSS software and by Pearson and kaydo (Chi square) methods. Despite the positive relevance between the unbalance supply and demand in housing sector (not owning privet property) in the study area and the migration issue the severest of this relation is at 99% between the two variables. However the relation concerning the impact of nominated land use to housing supply and demand stands at 95% and hence due to lack of relevance is not confirmed .The relationship concerning the nominated land use defined for commercial and service sector to the supply and demand of housing stands at 95% and not confirmed. The relevance between housing supply and demand to nominated land use for health and medical facilities also stands at 95% and a positive relation is confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Estimating the Export Supply Function of Flowers Case Study: The Dutch Rose of Fars Province in the Region of Persian Gulf
Seyed Nematollah MousaviThe main purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting the export of flowers in Iran. After data collection using by the index of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), the condition of business of flowers in Iran was compared with a number of countries ex MoreThe main purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting the export of flowers in Iran. After data collection using by the index of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), the condition of business of flowers in Iran was compared with a number of countries exporting the product. According to the results of study, the small elasticity of the exportation price in the function of export demand is negative and smaller than one, and it indicates that flowers are inelastic goods; moreover, the income from its export could be increased by in-creasing the price. It can be concluded that the domestic price increase will lead to a decrease in exports due to the high elasticity and negative of export supply in comparison with the domestic price. Partial elasticity obtained for the variable of the value of domestic production of flowers in the export supply function in this study indicates that uncontrolled increase production by increasing the acreage under cultivation makes the decrease of exportation price of flowers, and at the most it causes reducing of exportation income because of higher effect of low price in comparison with the effect of an increase in demand; thus, the income from the export of flowers can be increased by controlling the production and the value of export. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - مطالعه عوامل مؤثر بر پذیرش بیمه توسط تولیدکنندگان گیاهان زینتی، مطالعه موردی: استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد
یعقوب زراعت کیش نرگس میرزاییبیمه کشاورزی از جمله راه­کارهای مناسب برای غلبه بر ریسک حاکم بر تولید در بخش کشاورزی و افزایش اطمینان خاطر کشاورزان نسبت به درآمد آینده خویش است. در بخش کشاورزی استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد نیز با توجه به سابقه بالای بیماری­های کشاورزی و سایر تلفات محصول، احتمال ری Moreبیمه کشاورزی از جمله راه­کارهای مناسب برای غلبه بر ریسک حاکم بر تولید در بخش کشاورزی و افزایش اطمینان خاطر کشاورزان نسبت به درآمد آینده خویش است. در بخش کشاورزی استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد نیز با توجه به سابقه بالای بیماری­های کشاورزی و سایر تلفات محصول، احتمال ریسک تولید و متعاقب آن، ریسک درآمد در این حوزه زیاد است. از آنجائی­که اکثر کشاورزان در منطقهی مورد مطالعه، از سطوح پائین درآمدی و معیشتی برخوردار هستند، بنابراین مخاطرات طبیعی و انواع بیماری­ها می­تواند خسارات جبران ناپذیر معیشتی بر آنها وارد کند. در این راستا یکی از مهمترین سازوکارهای حمایتی در راستای کاهش ناپایداری و مقابله با ماهیت پیشبینیناپذیر این مخاطرات بیمه کشاورزی است. اما بیمه در این بخش در صورتی می­تواند بر تولید و درآمد تاثیرگذار باشد که عوامل موثر بر تقاضای بیمه توسط تولیدکنندگان گیاهان زینتی در استان شناسایی شده و طیف وسیعی از کشاورزان تحت پوشش بیمه قرار گیرند. هدف اصلی این مطالعه بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر توسعه پذیرش بیمه توسط تولیدکنندگان گیاهان زینتی در استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد است. در این تحقیق به منظور بررسی عوامل موثر بر تقاضای بیمه با تاکید بر نقش تولید گل­های زینتی، از مدل لوجیت استفاده شده که نتایج بیانگر تاثیرگذاری عوامل متعدد اقتصادی و اجتماعی بر تقاضا و پذیرش بیمه از سوی کشاورزان است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - Demand for Institutional Credit from the Nacrdb by Small Scale Farmers in Imo State, Nigeria.
J. S, Orebiyi C.C, Eze A, Henri-Ukoha F.C, Akubude S.J, Ibitoye -
Open Access Article
150 - تأثیر افزایش قیمت برق بر رفاه بخش خانگی مناطق روستایی استان گیلان
حسین صالحی Esfandiar Doshman Ziari Mohammad Sadegh Ziaeiبه منظور بررسی اثر افزایش قیمت برق در بخش خانگی بر رفاه خانوارهای روستایی استان گیلان با استفاده از سیستم تقاضای تقریبا ایده­آل؛ کشش­ها و تغییرات رفاهی ناشی از افزایش 50 درصدی و افزایش 100 درصدی قیمت برق خانگی و افزایش تدریجی قیمت برق خانگی در چهار سال (هر سال ا Moreبه منظور بررسی اثر افزایش قیمت برق در بخش خانگی بر رفاه خانوارهای روستایی استان گیلان با استفاده از سیستم تقاضای تقریبا ایده­آل؛ کشش­ها و تغییرات رفاهی ناشی از افزایش 50 درصدی و افزایش 100 درصدی قیمت برق خانگی و افزایش تدریجی قیمت برق خانگی در چهار سال (هر سال افزایش 25 درصدی) با استفاده از دو معیار تغییرات جبرانی و تغییرات معادل طی دوره زمانی 91-1370 محاسبه شده­است. نتایج نشان می­دهد قدر مطلق کشش درآمدی و قیمتی برق کوچک­تر از واحد بوده­است. پایین­بودن کشش قیمتی تقاضا از طرفی نشان­دهنده تأثیر جزئی تغییرات قیمت بر روی تقاضای برق در دوره مورد بررسی بوده و از طرف دیگر بیان­گر عدم وجود جانشین مناسب برای برق در بخش خانگی می­باشد.محاسبات تغییرات رفاهی و مقایسه­ی آنها با سهم برق از یارانه­ی پرداختی، نشان میدهد که با افزایش 50 و 100 درصدی قیمت برق خانگی پول پرداختی به خانوار کمتر از میزان مبلغ به­دست آمده­است و می­توان گفت که اثر مستقیم واقعی­کردن قیمت برق خانگی (افزایش قیمت) جبران نشده­است. در واقع میزان رفاهی که خانوار در اثر افزایش قیمت برق از دست داده­است بیش­تر از رفاهی است که به­دست آورده­است و لذا خانوارها متضرر شده­اند. اما در مورد سناریوی افزایش تدریجی قیمت، مبلغ CV به­دست­آمده کمتر از میزان دریافتی خانوار بوده و به این دلیل در واقع تنها با اعمال این سیاست قیمتی است که خانوار متضرر نشده و رفاه آن افزایش یافته­است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - اثر تکانههای موقتی و دائمیبهرهوری کل بر تقاضای واردات بخش کشاورزی ایران
زهرا توکلی Sedigheh Nabieian محمدرضا زارع مهرجردی سید عبدالمجید جلاییتئوری­های اقتصادی نشان می­دهند که، مسیر حرکت و اندازه نوسان متغیرهای اقتصادی بستگی به نوع و اندازه تکانه­های وارده به آن­ها دارد. برای نوسانات تقاضای واردات علل متفاوتی ذکر می­شود. از آن جمله می­توان به تکانه­های بهره­وری اشاره کرد. برهمی Moreتئوری­های اقتصادی نشان می­دهند که، مسیر حرکت و اندازه نوسان متغیرهای اقتصادی بستگی به نوع و اندازه تکانه­های وارده به آن­ها دارد. برای نوسانات تقاضای واردات علل متفاوتی ذکر می­شود. از آن جمله می­توان به تکانه­های بهره­وری اشاره کرد. برهمین اساس، این پژوهش به دنبال شناسایی اثر تکانه­های بهره­وری کل عوامل تولید بخش کشاورزی بر واردات آن بخش طی دوره زمانی 1392-1360 بودهاست. بدین منظور تکانه­های مذکور با استفاده از تکنیک بلانچارد-کوآ به دو گروه تکانه­های دائمی و تکانه­های موقتی تقسیم شدند. سپس با استفاده از روش­ خودرگرسیون برداری ساختاری (SVAR) اثر تکانه تکانه­ها برتقاضای واردات بخش کشاورزی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد در کوتاه­مدت و بلندمدت تکانه­های موقتی و دائمی بهره­وری کل عوامل تولید بخش کشاورزی تأثیرمثبت و معنی­داری بر تقاضای واردات بخش کشاورزی می­گذارند و اثرگذاری تکانه­های موقت بیشتر از تکانه­های دائم می­باشد. لذا اگر هدف سیاست سیاست­گذاران کاهش تقاضای واردات بخش کشاورزی می­باشد باید بهره­وری کل عوامل تولید آن بخش افزایش یابد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - آیا مشارکت در برنامة ترویجی مدرسة مزرعهای کشاورزان (FFS) باعث افزایش عملکرد گیاهان زراعی میشود؟ شواهدی از نظامهای تولید چای خردهپا در کنیا
جسیاه آتکا پپرز اونونو مارتین اتیانگخدمات ترویج کشاورزی جزو مهمترین خدمات روستایی در کشورهای درحالتوسعه هستند. این خدمات ازجمله عوامل اصلی تغییر فناوری و رشد بهرهوری کشاورزی به شمار میروند. در کنیا همچون بقیة اقتصادهای درحالتوسعه، خدمات کشاورزی عمدتاً ازطریق رویکردهای مبتنی بر عرضه ارائه میشوند. با ت Moreخدمات ترویج کشاورزی جزو مهمترین خدمات روستایی در کشورهای درحالتوسعه هستند. این خدمات ازجمله عوامل اصلی تغییر فناوری و رشد بهرهوری کشاورزی به شمار میروند. در کنیا همچون بقیة اقتصادهای درحالتوسعه، خدمات کشاورزی عمدتاً ازطریق رویکردهای مبتنی بر عرضه ارائه میشوند. با توجه به تأثیر بهظاهر اندک خدمات کشاورزی، این کشور در حال اجرای سیاست ملی ترویج (NEP) است که براساس ترویج مبتنی بر تقاضا و مشارکت سایر بازیگران استوار است. در این مقاله با تمرکز بر زیربخش تولید چای توسط کشاورزان خردهپا به بررسی اثر ترویج FFS بر عملکرد گیاه چای در کنیا میپردازیم. در نظام FFS از رویکردهای مشارکتی مانند نمایش بهترین شیوههای پایدار در مزارع و یادگیری عملی کشاورزان استفاده میشود. دادههای مطالعهای از نمونهای متشکل از 525 خانوار کشاورز در غرب کنیا که ازطریق نمونهگیری تصادفی چندمرحلهای انتخاب شده بودند، جمعآوری شدند و با استفاده از مدل همسانسازی براساس نمرات گرایش (PSM) که درونزایی خودانتخابی را کنترل میکند، تحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان داد که مشارکت در ترویج FFS باعث شد که عملکرد سالیانة چای به طور متوسط 70/471 کیلوگرم در ایکر افزایش یابد (p = 0.009) درحالیکه نظام آموزشی و بازدید به هزینة خود کشاورز تأثیری بر عملکرد محصول نداشت. در کنار اینکه نشان میدهیم FSS در افزایش عملکرد گیاه نقش دارد، این مقاله نشان میدهد که مدلهای ترویج مبتنی بر عرضه ازجمله T&V برای تشویق تقاضا در مراحل اولیة اجرای مدلهای FFS ضروریاند. براساس یافتهها، توصیه میشود روی افزایش دسترسی FFS در میان کشاورزان خردهپا سرمایهگذاری بشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - آزمون جدایی پذیری ضعیف و برآورد سیستم تقاضای کالاهای خوراکی منتخب در خانوارهای شهری ایران ( مطالعه موردی: مرکبات، صیفی جات و سبزیجات)
امین دلاور غلامرضا یاوری سعید یزدانی افشین امجدی ابوالفضل محمودیوجود جدایی­پذیری در تابع مطلوبیت مصرف­کنندگان شرط لازم و کافی برای بودجه­­بندی چند مرحله­ای و جمعی­سازی سازگار کالاهاست که در آن مخارج با استفاده از شاخص­های قیمت بین گروه­های خوراکی تخصیص داده می­شود و تخصیص درون­گروهی هم به طور Moreوجود جدایی­پذیری در تابع مطلوبیت مصرف­کنندگان شرط لازم و کافی برای بودجه­­بندی چند مرحله­ای و جمعی­سازی سازگار کالاهاست که در آن مخارج با استفاده از شاخص­های قیمت بین گروه­های خوراکی تخصیص داده می­شود و تخصیص درون­گروهی هم به طور مستقل از سایر گروه­ها صورت می­گیرد. در این مطالعه از تابع تقاضای روتردام برای تعیین الگوی مصرف کالاهای منتخب (مرکبات، صیفی جات و سبزیجات) در ایران استفاده شده است. برای این منظور از داده­های مقطع عرضی در سال 1396 که از طریق بانک مرکزی و مرکز آمار ایران جمع آوری گردیده، استفاده شده است. نتایج حاصل از آزمون­های جدایی­پذیری این فرضیه را که مصرف­کنندگان ابتدا درآمد خود را بین کالاهای منتخب به صورت سه گروه مرکب (مرکبات، صیفی­جات و سبزیجات) تخصیص داده و سپس عمل تخصیص درآمد بین انواع زیررده­های آنها که بر اساس گروه­بندی صورت گرفته، را تایید می­نماید. همچنین نتایج تخمین سیستم تقاضا نشان داد ﻫﻤـﻪ ﮔﺮوه­های ﻛـﺎﻻﻳﻲ، دارای کشش قیمتی خودی منفی هستند. در این میان کشش قیمتی گروه­ مرکبات (پرتقال، نارنگی و لیمو)، گروه صیفی­جات (سیب زمینی، گوجه فرنگی و پیاز) و گروه سبزیجات (سبزی­های برگی) به ترتیب برابر 83/0-، 48/0-، 91/0- می­باشند. با توجه به کشش درآمدی که برای سه گروه کالایی محاسبه شده است، گروه دوم کالاها (سیب زمینی، گوجه فرنگی و پیاز) نسبت به سایر گروه­ها، کالایی ضروری­تر است که باید در سیاست­های دولت در رابطه با تولید و قیمت­گذاری محصولات کشاورزی لحاظ شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - Economic Analysis of Water Demand in Greenhouses of Khash Township
Javad Shahraki Neda AliAhmadiThe main goal of this study was to investigate the way of affecting of water in production of cucumber. From aspect of econometrics, mutual relationships of production function and expenses have been analyzed in which Translog cost function has been used. This function MoreThe main goal of this study was to investigate the way of affecting of water in production of cucumber. From aspect of econometrics, mutual relationships of production function and expenses have been analyzed in which Translog cost function has been used. This function has been estimated using the conditional input demand functions, the shefard theorem, chemical fertilizer, animal fertilizer, labour force, seed, and pesticide in the framework of a system of equations by taking advantage of the irrelevant regression method. Applied inputs is for 151 cucumber Beneficiaries in Khash in farming year of 2011-12 that insider and crossing tendency of input demand for this product has been investigated through collecting questionnaires and using obtained coefficients. The results show that the translog cost model is a good fit compared to the data of research. According to the reviews, demand for water has a minor Insider- succession tendency more than one which shows possible stretch of demand function rather than the price of the inputs. Hence, appropriate pricing policies can be used to take a positive step in preventing the extreme usage of this input and directing beneficiaries for optimum use of these inputs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - Examining Subsidy Polices on Maize Production in Iran (Panel Data approach)
Negin Hosseingholizadeh Jafar Haghighat Rassul MohammadrezaeiAmong the agricultural important factors, inputs are the most significant in agricultural production. This article aimed to examine the impact of government subsidy policies on production of one of the most strategic products, namely on production of one of the most str MoreAmong the agricultural important factors, inputs are the most significant in agricultural production. This article aimed to examine the impact of government subsidy policies on production of one of the most strategic products, namely on production of one of the most strategic products, namely maize, in Iran. To achieve this goal, panel data for the nine provinces of Iran's major producers of maize during the period of 1999-2007, is used. In this study, first the country's maize production function has been estimated by using data information for inputs: chemical fertilizer, labor, water, seeds and pesticides. And then, calculating the partial elasticity of production factors,sensitivity of production to changes in the value of inputs is evaluated. Also, using a methodology based on the maximum profit, inputs´ demand function is calculated.Results of analyzing government Subsidy Policy showed that, paying subsidy to chemical fertilizer decreases maize production 0.412 percent, because of low demand elasticity of this input. Also according to subsidy of seed, with regard to low demand elasticity of this input to its price, paying subsidy that decreases seed price, wouldn´t have so high effect on its consumption and consequently, on production growth, so that maize production only increased 0.478 percent due to paying subsidy to seed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - Socio-Economic Determinants of Supply and Demand for Convenience Foods (Okpa, Moimoi and Meat Pie) in Lafia Urban of Nasarawa State, Nigeria
E.G. Onuk C.N. Shailong B.A Beshi E.A. AdgidziThe study specifically described the socio-economic status of the people involved in the production, distribution and consumption of convenience foods in Lafia urban of Nasarawa State. It identified the factors that influence the entry into convenience food enterprise, MoreThe study specifically described the socio-economic status of the people involved in the production, distribution and consumption of convenience foods in Lafia urban of Nasarawa State. It identified the factors that influence the entry into convenience food enterprise, factors necessitating the demand and supply of the products and examined the costs and returns of three convenience foods. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, inferential statistics (multiple regression analysis), the four point’s likert type scale and the enterprise gross margin. The major findings indicated that female producers of convenience foods were more than male producers, the multiple regression result on the effects of socio-economic characteristics of consumers on the amount of money spent on consumer foods revealed that R value is 0.697. This implied that 69.7% of the total variation in output (Y) is explained by the combined influences of the independent variables in the model. The gross margin enterprise revealed that the sale of convenience foods in Lafia metropolis is profitable. The study concluded by advocating for provision of credit facilities amongst others to producers and distributors of convenience foods with limited income. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - Food Price Change and its Welfare Impact on Iranian Households
Mohammad Ghahremanzadeh Mohammad Bagher ZiaeiIran has experienced high food prices in recent years. This paper examines the welfare impacts of rising major food groups' prices on Iranian urban households using Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) approach. The elasticity coefficients derived from QUAIDS a MoreIran has experienced high food prices in recent years. This paper examines the welfare impacts of rising major food groups' prices on Iranian urban households using Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) approach. The elasticity coefficients derived from QUAIDS are used to estimate Compensated Variations (CV).The study uses Iranian Household Expenditure and Income Survey (HEIS) raw data, encompassing both low and high price periods. Prices of all food and agricultural products increased during the entire survey period of 2004 to 2012. Based on our estimates, the food groups of cereals, dairy products, vegetable and pulses, Potables and Spices are necessary goods, as their budget elasticity is positive and below one at the same time. Meat, edible oils, fruits and dried fruits and Sugary products are luxury goods, with income elasticity above one. We find that the remarkable increases in food prices resulted in severe erosion of purchasing power for the Iranian urban households and they need to be compensated on average about 48% of their initial income for the food price changes they faced during the 2004 and 2012. In addition the high share of cereals in year 2012 implies that urban households shift their consumption to cheaper calorie source. This figure is confirmed with the decline in the share of meat, dairy Products, fruits and dried fruits, vegetables and pulses and potables expenditure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - تخمین تقاضای آب بخش کشاورزی با استفاده از تابع آب محصول ( مطالعه موردی ، سیستان)
Zahra Ghaffari Moghadamدر این مطالعه با استفاده از تابع آب- عملکرد و تابع سود، تابع تقاضا آب برای بخش کشاورزی در منطقه سیستان بدست آمد. نتایج حاصل از تخمین تابع تولید نشان می­دهد نسبت تبخیر و تعرق واقعی به پتانسیل اثر مثبت و معنی­داری روی نسبت عملکرد واقعی به پتانسیل برای محصول گندم و Moreدر این مطالعه با استفاده از تابع آب- عملکرد و تابع سود، تابع تقاضا آب برای بخش کشاورزی در منطقه سیستان بدست آمد. نتایج حاصل از تخمین تابع تولید نشان می­دهد نسبت تبخیر و تعرق واقعی به پتانسیل اثر مثبت و معنی­داری روی نسبت عملکرد واقعی به پتانسیل برای محصول گندم وجود دارد و با توان دوم نسبت تبخیر و تعرق واقعی به پتانسیل رابطه منفی و معنی­داری دارد. چنانچه این نسبت افزایش یابد نسبت عملکرد کاهش می­یابد. پس از بدست اوردن توابع تولید، با استفاده از تابع سود، تابع تقاضا برای بخش کشاورزی نیز بدست آمد. کشش قیمتی تقاضای آب برای بخش کشاورزی 10/1- برآورد شد کوچکتر بودن مقدار این کشش از منفی یک نشان می­دهد که سیاست­های قیمتی می­توانند عامل مهمی در کنترل مصرف غیر بهینه این نهاده با ارزش باشند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - Investigating the Impact of Organizational Strategy on Life Insurance Demand (Case study: Bushehr insurance companies)
azimeh hamidian Esmaeil KamaliradLife insurance, like other insurances, is the answer to the worries and anxieties of the people of a society. The insurer's concern stems from unexpected events such as disability and death, or from changes in the family's income and economic conditions. In this type of MoreLife insurance, like other insurances, is the answer to the worries and anxieties of the people of a society. The insurer's concern stems from unexpected events such as disability and death, or from changes in the family's income and economic conditions. In this type of insurance, the insurer can, depending on the condition of receiving the insurance benefits of the insurance (life or death of the insured), how to receive the benefits (lump sum or as a pension), the time of receiving the benefits and paying the premium, any insurance policy that answer his needs, buy. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of organizational strategy on life insurance demand in insurance companies in Bushehr province. In this study, research variables were evaluated by a questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed among 136 sample people from the statistical population, which is all managers and experts of insurance companies in Bushehr province. The research method was descriptive-correlational. To answer the questions and test the research hypotheses with Smart-PLS software, the method of studying structural equations and path analysis using the partial least squares (PLS) method was used. The results indicate that all three organizational strategies (market penetration strategy, development strategy and product development strategy) have a significant effect on life insurance demand in insurance companies in Bushehr province. The results also showed that the product development strategy has the greatest impact on life insurance demand in insurance companies in Bushehr province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Optimal replenishment and credit policy in supply chain inventory model under two levels of trade credit with time- and credit-sensitive demand involving default risk
Puspita Mahata Gour Chandra Mahata Sujit Kumar De -
Open Access Article
161 - A two-level discount model for coordinating a decentralized supply chain considering stochastic price-sensitive demand
Jafar Heydari Yousef Norouzinasab -
Open Access Article
162 - An EMQ inventory model for defective products involving rework and sales team’s initiatives-dependent demand
S. Priyan R . Uthayakumar -
Open Access Article
163 - Optimization of two-stage production/inventory systems under order base stock policy with advance demand information
Koichi Nakade Shiori Yokozawa -
Open Access Article
164 - A multi-period distribution network design model under demand uncertainty
Babak H Tabrizi Jafar Razmi -
Open Access Article
165 - An inventory model for deteriorating items with time-dependent demand and time-varying holding cost under partial backlogging
Vinod Kumar Mishra Lal Sahab Singh Rakesh Kumar -
Open Access Article
166 - An iterative method for forecasting most probable point of stochastic demand
J. Behnamian S. M. T. Fatemi Ghomi B. Karimi M. Fadaei Moludi -
Open Access Article
167 - Application of queuing theory in inventory systems with substitution flexibility
S. M. Seyedhoseini Reza Rashid Iman Kamalpour Erfan Zangeneh -
Open Access Article
168 - An economic production model for deteriorating items and time dependent demand with rework and multiple production setups
R. Uthayakumar S. Tharani -
Open Access Article
169 - An optimal policy for deteriorating items with time-proportional deterioration rate and constant and time-dependent linear demand rate
Trailokyanath Singh Pandit Jagatananda Mishra Hadibandhu Pattanayak -
Open Access Article
170 - A credit policy approach in a two-warehouse inventory model for deteriorating items with price- and stock-dependent demand under partial backlogging
Gobinda Chandra Panda Md. Al-Amin Khan Ali Akbar Shaikh -
Open Access Article
171 - Seismic Fragility Analysis of Base-Isolated Buildings resting on Sloping Ground under real earthquake ground motions
RAMA DEBBARMA -
Open Access Article
172 - Optimization of supply chain delivery to customer and demand management using knowledge management: system dynamics approach
Elham Elmi Adel Azar Farhad GhaffariIn global competition, a variety of products should be made available according to the customer's request, customer's demand for high quality and fast service, increasing the pressures that have not existed before; Consequently, companies for this global competition hav MoreIn global competition, a variety of products should be made available according to the customer's request, customer's demand for high quality and fast service, increasing the pressures that have not existed before; Consequently, companies for this global competition have to use knowledge management and are aware of the necessity of using knowledge in the organization. In this research, we are looking for a model to optimize the supply chain delivery to the customer using knowledge management in petrochemical products manufacturing company, and also due to the dynamic nature of knowledge management and the impact of its components on the supply chain, the system dynamic methodology has been used. More demand and ultimately leads to increased delivery of goods and greater customer satisfaction Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - Evaluation of the reaction kinetic in degradation of Acetanilide from pharmaceutical industry effluent by ozonation process
aref shokri meysam abdolkarimiAcetanilide is one of the most important intermediate chemicals in the pharmaceutical industry, which is used as an antiseptic and analgesic, and so far no research has been done to treat and destroy the effluent containing this contaminant. In this study, for the first MoreAcetanilide is one of the most important intermediate chemicals in the pharmaceutical industry, which is used as an antiseptic and analgesic, and so far no research has been done to treat and destroy the effluent containing this contaminant. In this study, for the first time, synthetic wastewater containing Acetanilide has been treated with ozonation process and the effect of process variables was investigated using BoxBehnken design method in semi− batch reactor. The optimum condition was achieved at 15 mg/l of ozone, the pH at 9 and the initial concentration of Acetanilide at 50 mg / l, and in 30 minutes 100% of the Acetanilide and 61.5% of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) were removed. The most important influencing factor was pH, and due to the formation of hydroxyl radical, the efficiency of pollutant degradation in alkaline environment was higher. Due to the production of intermediate carboxylic acid, the rate of destruction of Acetanilide was much higher than the rate of mineralization and removal of COD. The rate equation of pollutant degradation was of the pseudo− first order type and the rate constant and half− life of the degradation reaction were determined to be as 152.2×10-3 min-1 and 4.55 min, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - Estimating the demand function of production inputs in the petrochemical industry
Roghayeh Marefati Narciss Amin Rashti were Azadeh Mehrabian Roya SeyfipourThe aim of the current research is to obtain the demand function of production inputs in the petrochemical industry. In order to test the relationship between the variables, the information of the time period 2015-2018 has been used. The statistical population of this r MoreThe aim of the current research is to obtain the demand function of production inputs in the petrochemical industry. In order to test the relationship between the variables, the information of the time period 2015-2018 has been used. The statistical population of this research is the companies that produce petrochemical products. The results of this research showed that the relationship between the share of raw material production factors in the total cost paid to production factors and the relative price of labor, raw materials and raw materials and products is positive and its relationship With the relative price of machines. and energy is negative. The results of substitution elasticities also show that capital with labor, raw materials with labor and capital with energy are alternative inputs, capital with raw materials, raw materials with energy are complementary inputs. In the estimated cross elasticities, see It was found that the price elasticity of raw materials is higher than other inputs in terms of absolute value, in other words, the demand for raw materials is more sensitive to price changes than other inputs. The inputs of capital, labor and energy are in the next ranks in this field. Also, the absolute value of the numerical value of the price elasticities of all inputs is less than one, and therefore it can be said that the demand for all inputs is inelastic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - The hidden variable and volatility of Iran's money demand function
farshad parvizian alireza erfaniThe Effectiveness of Monetary Policy Is Dependence with Shape, Stipulated and Stability the Functions of Money Demand and Liquidity. The Formation of Expected Inflation, can Be a Function of Knowledge, Information and Even Personal Understanding Based on Mental Patterns MoreThe Effectiveness of Monetary Policy Is Dependence with Shape, Stipulated and Stability the Functions of Money Demand and Liquidity. The Formation of Expected Inflation, can Be a Function of Knowledge, Information and Even Personal Understanding Based on Mental Patterns of Individuals from the Published Data Issue. The Economic Actors, Based on Expectations of Prices in the Future, Based on Knowledge and Information from the Economy, Deciding they Needed Information from Various Sources Directly or from the Media .In This Research, with the Introduction of the New Variable , the Presence of the Chairman of the Central Bank in the Media, the Demand Functions for the Short and Long Term for the Volume of Money M1, and Liquidity M2, Using Monthly Data of IRAN and Its Approach and Explain, Distributive ARDL Estimates we have. The Results Showed that the Entry Variable, the Presence of the Head of the Central Bank in the money demand Function, Causing Instability, this function will Be. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - Estimating the Function of Tourism Demand in Iran
Soheila Khoshnevis Yazdi Maryam GomamiIran has a great potential in the fields of environmental, historical, and cultural heritage. Relying on these capabilities can be expanded with its own tourism industry. Tourism development for developing countries with problems such as high unemployment rates, foreign MoreIran has a great potential in the fields of environmental, historical, and cultural heritage. Relying on these capabilities can be expanded with its own tourism industry. Tourism development for developing countries with problems such as high unemployment rates, foreign exchange and economic monoculture is encountering resource constraints. The heavy reliance on revenues from crude oil exports is of great importance in the economy of our country. Therefore, reliable forecasting and analysis of effective planning in industries related to tourism marketing is an absolute necessity. The main objective of this study is to estimate the demand of foreigners to tourism in Iran and to measure the impact of global GDP, the official exchange rate, consumer price index and oil prices on the demand for tourism in Iran. In this study, the method of ARDL model with the help of Tmymbafth Dykyfvlr unit root test and cumulative test Johansson was applied. Based on the evidence available, all the variables discussed in this study are meaningful and consistent with the theory. The review concluded that the price elasticity of demand in the consumer price index variables in long-term oil prices are stretching and official exchange rates and global GDP variables are inelastic. Cholera review found that the income elasticity of tourism products is essential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - Impact of Load Shifting on the Profit of Electricity Retailer based on Demand Response and Risk Management
Kourosh Apornak Soodabeh Soleymani Faramarz Faghihi Babak Mozafari -
Open Access Article
178 - Demand Response Potentials for the Economic Deployment of Multi-Carrier Microgrids
Mahdi Azimian Vahid Amir Saeid javadi -
Open Access Article
179 - Improvement of Regional-Market Management Considering Reserve and Emergency Demand Response Program
Seyyed Ebrahim Hosseini Mojtaba Najafi Ali Akhavein -
Open Access Article
180 - An Estimate of demand function for higher education of Islamic Azad University students, Abhar branch
Yadollah RajaeiThe aim of this study is to estimate of demand for higher education of Islamic Azad University, Abhar branch, according to demographic, economic, social, and psychological factors. The sample of research included 972 students that enrolled in 87-88 academic year. Subjec MoreThe aim of this study is to estimate of demand for higher education of Islamic Azad University, Abhar branch, according to demographic, economic, social, and psychological factors. The sample of research included 972 students that enrolled in 87-88 academic year. Subjects were asked to complete demographic, social and economic information form, achievement motivation questionnaire, and social acceptance questionnaire. Results of Binary Logistic Regression and Multinomial Logistic Regression revealed that house status, interest, marriage status, achievement motivation, age, tuition, education cost, and student/family income affect the demand of majors. Also, interest, coming job, parent’s job, marriage status, achievement motivation, age, tuition and education cost were significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - برآورد کششهای قیمتی و درآمدی گروههای مصرفی خانوارهای شهری با استفاده از سیستم تقاضای تقریباً ایدهآل مبتنی بر دادههای تابلویی
جمشید پژویان سید محمد مهدی احمدی -
Open Access Article
182 - Household Fuels Use and Related Environmental Policy options (A Case Study of Iran)
Jamshid Pajooyan Marjan DamankeshideEnvironmental taxes, so called Pigouian or Green tax, are considered as a policy instrument to control pollution. Green taxes are a sort of levies on expenditure and used by government as a fiscal policy tool to prevent pollution activities of any economic agents .in co MoreEnvironmental taxes, so called Pigouian or Green tax, are considered as a policy instrument to control pollution. Green taxes are a sort of levies on expenditure and used by government as a fiscal policy tool to prevent pollution activities of any economic agents .in contrast to direct and indirect taxes, Green tax has more advantages, for it can provide revenue for government and also can mitigate the negative effect of externalities. As such it renders a two-sided effect on efficiency ground. Towards this ends, the Rotterdam demand system was applied to this study. The findings of this paper indicate that the adoption of green tax policy would encourage the household to substitute other sources of clean energy for fuels use (oil and gas) and hence contribute to environment protection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - برآورد تابع تقاضای بنزین در ایران طی دوره زمانی 1381 تا 1386 با استفاده از تکنیک پنل دیتا*
علی امامی میبدی غلامرضا گرایی نژاد نگین دارابی -
Open Access Article
184 - An Estimation of Underground Economy in Iran Using Indirect Method
Gholamreza Geraeinejad Vahideh AsgharnejadUnderground Economy (UE) has grown in most countries during the last decades. Although this is not a new phenomenon in economics and could be seen in any economic system, but its size and determinants varies from country to country. It is important to have an idea about MoreUnderground Economy (UE) has grown in most countries during the last decades. Although this is not a new phenomenon in economics and could be seen in any economic system, but its size and determinants varies from country to country. It is important to have an idea about it and access to some information about UE to make policies for reducing tax invasion, promoting economic growth and improving income distribution. Macroeconomic indictors in Iran , such as unemployment rate, the gap between income tax and tax capacity, the gap between income and expenditures of household in household surveys and income distribution indexes show that the national accounts are not completely qualified for showing all the economics facts and it is partly due to UE in Iran. In this article we estimate the size of UE in Iran during the 1793-2005 periods by using currency demand approach. The results show that average UE size in that period is about 20 percent of GDP. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - The Estimation of province–wise demand function for commercial insurance services (1002-1002)
Mohammad Reza Mirzaei Nejad Mehdi MohammadiThe development dynamics between various sectors of an economy exerts an effective force towards sustainable development. The potential role of service sector in this regard is outstanding since it constitutes a larger share in GNP. In this context, insurance industry MoreThe development dynamics between various sectors of an economy exerts an effective force towards sustainable development. The potential role of service sector in this regard is outstanding since it constitutes a larger share in GNP. In this context, insurance industry, a key segment of service sector, play a cushioning role for other sectors as it provides financial and psychological support to the entire economy. Insurance activities in Iran, despite its century long existence and experience, have not exploited its potential role in business environment and have not fulfilled its expected role in the economy of Iran. This paper has aimed to estimate the demand function for commercial insurance across the country (province-wise demand function). Attempts have been made to measure statistically the effect of variable such as Income Per capita, premium, inflation, literacy rate and compensation paid, on the demand for commercial insurance in Iran. The author has applied Eviews software and Panel Data techniques to estimate the parameters. The time span covered it this study starts from March 20, 2110 to March 21, 2113. The findings of this research indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between Income Per capita and the demand for commercial insurance in Iranian provinces. An increase of 01 in Income Per capita brings about 11031 increase in demand for insurance. Moreover, there is a positive and significant relationship between compensation paid and demand for commercial insurances in the provinces. The demand for insurance services would increase by 1171 in response to 01 increase in compensation paid. The relationship between premium paid and the demand for commercial insurances in the provinces, is found to be negative and statistically meaningful. In other words, one per cent increase in premium per insurance issued would contract demand for insurance by 11.. per cent Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - مدل سازی علل درونی معوق شدن تسهیلات قرض الحسنه به روش "حد آستانه" (مورد کاربرد : بانک قرضالحسنه رسالت)
حسین میرزایی ابراهیم کریمی اصل -
Open Access Article
187 - The Analysis of factor affecting the household and commercial demand for gas (A case study of Gilan Province)
Abbas Ali Abounoori Teymoor Mohammadi Hadi Parhizi GashtiNatural gas enjoys a significant place among all energy sources and plays an important role in the economy of Iran in meeting the growing energy needs of country. Furthermore the household and commercial sector has the largest share in gas consumption. In this paper att MoreNatural gas enjoys a significant place among all energy sources and plays an important role in the economy of Iran in meeting the growing energy needs of country. Furthermore the household and commercial sector has the largest share in gas consumption. In this paper attempts are made to delineate factors affecting the household and commercial demand for natural gas with special reference to Gilan province. Towards this end this paper has measured the short run and long run price elasticity of demand for natural gas for household and commercial consumption sector respectively. The findings of this study have indicated that the short run and long price elasticity coefficient is in order of - 2354 and -23.6 respectively. The model has also estimated the short and long run cross elasticity of demand for household and commercial sector. Their respective coefficients are found to be in order of 2365 and 23.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - بررسی عوامل موثر بر اشتغال زایی صنایع کوچک در استان گلستان
بیژن باصری نوریه روشنی یساقی -
Open Access Article
189 - "Factors affecting demand for tourism in Iran"
Teymour Mohammadi Mojtaba karimi Negin Najarzadeh Masoomeh Shahkaram oghliSince tourism revenues play an important role in the economic performance of national economies, specifying factors affecting it and examination of demand for tourism have economic significance . A partial adjustment model of short run and long run demand for tourism sh MoreSince tourism revenues play an important role in the economic performance of national economies, specifying factors affecting it and examination of demand for tourism have economic significance . A partial adjustment model of short run and long run demand for tourism short run and long run demand for tourism has been specified. the period of study is 1331-88 and the estimation method is OLS. The Short and Long Run elasticities of demand for tourism with respect to price are 1732,1753. The results indicates that transport expenditures has no significant effect on demand for tourism but The number of tourist in iran,World GDP,Real exchang rate plays an important role. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - An Evaluation of Welfare Effects of Mechanization Policy in Sugar Beet Industry Production of Iran
رضا رحیمی سعید یزدانی امیر محمدی نژاد Abstract Mechanization to overcome technical limitations and time constraints of climate on the one hand, it is possible to increase agricultural production. The sugar beet is one of the industrial products, which plays an important role in meeting the More Abstract Mechanization to overcome technical limitations and time constraints of climate on the one hand, it is possible to increase agricultural production. The sugar beet is one of the industrial products, which plays an important role in meeting the needs of the domestic sugar. In this study, to investigate the welfare effects of mechanization policy beet, sugar beet supply and demand functions using seemingly unrelated equations approach and is estimated using panel data. The results showed that the degree of mechanization has been increased from 1370 to 1390. In the implementation of this policy Producers gain more Welfare than consumers. Therefore, according to the development of mechanization would stimulate backward and forward linkages to other economic sectors will lead to greater accuracy policymakers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - ارزیابی هزینه رفاهی ناشی از اثرات افزایش نرخ ارز و قیمت حاملهای انرژی بر هزینههای رفاهی مصرف کننده در ایران
محمد شریف کریمی قدرت اله امام وردی مجتبی کریمی -
Open Access Article
192 - Flaws in bank demand guarantees with emphasis on the uniform regulations of the International Chamber of Commerce
Musa Talebi Haider Hassanzadeh Sattar Zarklam Jalil MalikiAbstractThe autonomous principle with a special advantage granted to commercial documents, especially on-demand guarantees; It provides the means for immediate payment, in principle, regardless of the imperfections of the underlying contract, to obtain some kind of assu MoreAbstractThe autonomous principle with a special advantage granted to commercial documents, especially on-demand guarantees; It provides the means for immediate payment, in principle, regardless of the imperfections of the underlying contract, to obtain some kind of assurance in transactions. Exceptions to the autonomous principle include cases that relate in some way to the ineligibility of the beneficiary concerning the underlying contract, followed by the rule of law, a well-known example of which is a fraudulent demand. Some of the country's laws, and in particular the new draft of the Commercial Code, have recognized the use of guarantees, but the judicial procedure needs to be further developed to clarify the dimensions of the objections that can be cited in this regard. Defects that can be cited in The Uniform Rules of On-Demand Guarantees 758 is the main issue that seems to be able to be cited in the non-payment of the guarantee, according to other laws in this field, namely blatant abuse or fraud and article 19 implicitly refers to formal and substantive defects and these problems have been solved in a way, which has caused the functioning of the principle of independence in the international arena to face disorders, as a result of which the use of These rules has been followed for international trade. However, by analyzing these materials and complying with the domestic law of the country, the defects related to the autonomous principle and its exceptions can be eliminated by protecting the interests of the parties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - Syrian Crisis and the Intervention of Foreign Powers
Amir SajediMost of the Middle Eastern nations have been deprived from some advantages of economic, political and social culture for a long period. Political structures of their states for many years have been based on monarchical system with tribal and religious affiliations. So, MoreMost of the Middle Eastern nations have been deprived from some advantages of economic, political and social culture for a long period. Political structures of their states for many years have been based on monarchical system with tribal and religious affiliations. So, the Middle Eastern leaders are using these elements as important tools to manage their countries and for the survival of their political systems. But such political system only benefits a specific group in society and cannot encompass the entire community. Due to the said exclusions and with the development of technology and exchange of information on the relative economic, political and cultural rights of other communities, the Middle Eastern government have been faced with a lot of people’s demands. The Middle Eastern nations are demanding for -fundamental changes in their political, social and economic. Lack of proper response to these demands, have been leading to protest and unrest in the region over the past few years. The Syrian protest and turmoil has taken much longer time than other crisis in the Middle East region. The reasons for the continuation of the Syrian crises can be found in the strength and resistance of the Syria’s authoritarian regime and the support of the regional and cross-regional powers to the Syrian government and its oppositions. Interferences of foreign powers on Syrian crisis are due to strategically importance and geographical location of Syrian state which encompasses the interests and influence of each regional and cross-regional power Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - Optimization of petrol demand through pricing system and improving the efficiency of car engine (in the framework of autoregressive model with distribution intervals and error correction model in the period 1988 to 2016)
Mohammad Reza Shahbazi Amir Hossein JanMohammadi Mahdi Sadeghi Shahdani,petrol consumption in Iran has an average annual growth of 2.8 percent during the years 1988 - 2016.A good understanding of effective factors on petrol consumption in the short - term and long term can pave the way for the adoption of appropriate policies in this area. Morepetrol consumption in Iran has an average annual growth of 2.8 percent during the years 1988 - 2016.A good understanding of effective factors on petrol consumption in the short - term and long term can pave the way for the adoption of appropriate policies in this area. Promoting performance and modification of consumption patterns is essential to respond to an increasing demand for gasoline consumption, which has been emphasized in the overall policies of the resistance economy.In this paper, the effect of variables of real petrol price, average real household income and car engine efficiency in the form of an econometric model using time series modeling in Iran during the period 1988-2016 has been studied.The model is estimated using the autoregressive model with distributed intervals and the error correction model. The results show that among the variables used, petrol consumption is inversely related to the actual price of gasoline and the efficiency of motor vehicles, and is also directly related to the average real household income. According to the results, the effect of 1% improvement in car engine efficiency in reducing fuel consumption is 17 times more than 1% increase in real petrol price in reducing fuel consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - Two-stage Framework for Microgrids Energy Management Considering Demand Response Program and Compressed Air Energy Storages under Uncertainties
Alireza Azarhooshang Sasan Pirouzi Mojtaba Ghadamyari -
Open Access Article
196 - Optimal Economic Operation and Battery Sizing for Microgrid Energy Management Systems Considering Demand Response
Mehdi Mohammadjafari Reza Ebrahimi Vahid Parvin Darabad -
Open Access Article
197 - Security Constrained Unit Commitment in the Simultaneous Presence of Demand Response Sources and Electric Vehicles
javad nikoukar Majid Khalili -
Open Access Article
198 - The Effect of Demand-Response Program and Distributed Generation Resources on Optimal Establishment of Electric Vehicle Charging/Discharging Stations Using a Triple Optimization Algorithm
Monireh Ahmadi Seyed Hossein Hosseini Murteza Farsadi -
Open Access Article
199 - Optimizing Operation Scheduling in a Microgrid Considering Probabilistic Uncertainty and Demand Response Using Social Spider Algorithm
Amir Mortazi Seyedamin Saeed Hamidreza Akbari -
Open Access Article
200 - Day-Ahead Operation Scheduling of Microgrids Considering Conservation Voltage Reduction and Uncertainty-Based Demand Response Programs
Tahere Daemi Shahram Pourfarzin Hamidreza AkbariThe planning and operation of microgrids have become very important challenges in the electricity industry due to the expansion of distributed generation (DG) resources and the development of demand response programs (DRPs). Microgrids generally include renewable DG res MoreThe planning and operation of microgrids have become very important challenges in the electricity industry due to the expansion of distributed generation (DG) resources and the development of demand response programs (DRPs). Microgrids generally include renewable DG resources whose generation is random. This leads to uncertainty in system planning. This study discusses microgrid operation management considering DRPs and implementation of conservation voltage reduction (CVR) in the future operation horizon. For this purpose, a stochastic operation planning model for the next day is designed, which is associated with the implementation of DRPs, CVR, and the presence of DG resources to optimize the performance of a smart microgrid to increase reliability and reduce costs. In this study, DRPs are implemented using time-of-use (TOU) and incentive-based programs. Incentive-based programs are used to deal with uncertainty in the commitment of renewable resources, and TOU programs are used to deal with the fluctuation of generation of renewable resources by establishing a relationship between uncertainty and the fluctuation of generation of these resources. Besides, CVR is applied and voltage-dependent load modeling is performed considering innovation in addition to the format of DRPs to further reduce peak loads. The uncertainty of DG resources is modeled using the information-gap decision theory (IGDT) method. This optimization is carried out on a sample microgrid using genetic algorithm (GA). According to the results, the implementation of uncertainty-based DRPs leads to cost reduction and improvement of microgrid reliability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - Dynamic Demand Management in an Airconditioner System by Frequency Control in Smart Grid Environment
Sevda Allahyari Shahram Javadi -
Open Access Article
202 - Optimal Modelling for Decision Making of Electricity Retailer in Power Market Contracts by Considering Demand Side Management Programs
Kourosh Apornak Soodabeh Soleymani Faramarz Faghihi Babak Mozafari -
Open Access Article
203 - The Influence of Smart Grid on TOU Programs With Respect to Production Cost and Load Factor, A Case Study of Iran
Hassan Monsef Pouyan Khajavi -
Open Access Article
204 - Application of Demand Response Programs to Heavy Industries: a Case Study on a Regional Electric Company
Majid Aras Nejad Hessam Golmohamadi Amir Bashian Hossein Mahmoodi Mehdi Hammami -
Open Access Article
205 - Power System Reliability Analysis with Emergency Demand Response Program
Rahmat Aazami Nosratallah Mohammadbeigi Hadi Mirzaei Ali Mansouri Ehsan Mohamadian -
Open Access Article
206 - Optimal Energy Procurement of Smart Large Consumers Incorporating Parking Lot, Renewable Energy Sources and Demand Response Program
Mehrdad Ghahramani Kazem zare Behnam Mohammadi Ivatloo -
Open Access Article
207 - Congestion Management in Electricity Markets Using Demand Response Programs and Series FACTS Devices
Mohammad Moradi MahmoudReza Haghifam Soudabe Soleymani -
Open Access Article
208 - A Novel Market Optimization Model in order to Minimizing Environmental Cost Caused by Plants
Mehdi Nourinezhad Soodabeh Soleymani Hosein Mohammadnezhad Shourkaei -
Open Access Article
209 - Bidding Strategy on Demand Side Using Eligibility Traces Algorithm
Seyed Mohammad Ali Naseri Gavareshk Somayeh Hasanpour Darban Amin Noori Mahdi Besharatifar -
Open Access Article
210 - Price Spikes Reduction with EDRP Program
Ali Mansouri Nosratollah Mohammad Beigi Rahmat Aazami Amin Omidian Ehsan Mohamadian -
Open Access Article
211 - Stochastic Congestion Alleviation with a Trade-off between Demand Response Resources and Load Shedding
Abbas Tabandeh Amir Abdollahi Masoud Rashidinejad -
Open Access Article
212 - Power System Reliability Analysis with Emergency Demand Response Program
Rahmat Aazami Nosratallah Mohammadbeigi Hadi Mirzaei Ali Mansouri Ehsan Mohamadian -
Open Access Article
213 - Perishable Inventory Model with Retrial Demands, Negative Customers and Multiple Working Vacations
Vijaya Laxmi Pikkala Soujanya M.L. -
Open Access Article
214 - Purchasing Inventory Models for Deteriorating Items with Linear Demand and Shortages - in Third Order Equation
Sivashankari C.K. -
Open Access Article
215 - PRODUCTION MODEL WITH SELLING PRICE DEPENDENT DEMAND AND PARTIAL BACKLOGGING UNDER INFLATION
S. Singh Rakesh Dude R. Singh -
Open Access Article
216 - Investigating site demands of Sorbus torminalis Crantz.(L.) species in Arasbaran forests, , East Azarbaijan province, Iran
Tohid Ebrahimi Gajoti Zhila Balaei Yousef Imani Dizaj-Yekan Akbar Abdi Ghazi JahaniThis study aims to determine the habitat requirements (The site demands) of species samplings in 1392 in Arasbaran forests (North-West of Iran) has been applied. The studied area of 14000 hectare includes 13335 ha in Sutan-chay sub-basin of Kaleibar chai basin and 665 h MoreThis study aims to determine the habitat requirements (The site demands) of species samplings in 1392 in Arasbaran forests (North-West of Iran) has been applied. The studied area of 14000 hectare includes 13335 ha in Sutan-chay sub-basin of Kaleibar chai basin and 665 ha, a part of Ilghaneh chai basin. Six plots of 1000 square meters were established in sites with different land forms and geographical aspects. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to determine the most important factors affecting the establishment of Sorbus torminalis Crantz.(L.) species in Arasbaran. for this purpose statistical software SPSS (Version 9) were used. The distribution of Sorbus torminalis species is in the altitudinal range of 1020–1715 meter above sea level. Sorbus torminalis, as a kind of companion species in Carpinetum betuli L., association, is found in Arasbaran Forests. The tallest tree was measured on north slope with 11.78 m height and the diameter of trees is varied between 5.1 and 14.4 cm in different land forms and geographical aspects. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) analysis showed that factors such as CaCo3 and organic matter were more correlated with axes 1, while geographical aspect and silt content were more related to axes 2 that are representative for physical and chemical characteristics of soil, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - The Estimation of the Recreational Value of Taq-Bostan Park in Kermanshah Using Individual Travel Cost Method
Saeed Samadi M. Al-Sadat Nahvi M. RajabiThe main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of liquidity on national savings in the economy using econometric regression vector and vector error correction model in 1973 to 2007. The results of the model indicate that the effects of changes in short-term MoreThe main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of liquidity on national savings in the economy using econometric regression vector and vector error correction model in 1973 to 2007. The results of the model indicate that the effects of changes in short-term and long-term liquidity on national saving rate is positive and significant, and with the passage of time these works are neutral.there are negative and statistically significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - Investigateion The Effect of Macroeconomic Variables on the Demand for Life Insurance
F. NAzariThe aim of this study is to investigate the effect of macroeconomic variables on Iran life insurance demand in the period . We used ARDL Procedure to estimate the research model.The results show that the price of insurance and life expectancy in long-term has significan MoreThe aim of this study is to investigate the effect of macroeconomic variables on Iran life insurance demand in the period . We used ARDL Procedure to estimate the research model.The results show that the price of insurance and life expectancy in long-term has significantly positive effect on the demand for life insurance and financial development and inflation expectations in long-term has significant negative effect on the demand for life insurance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - The Estimation of the Recreational Value of Taq-Bostan Park in Kermanshah Using Individual Travel Cost Method
Gholamali sharzaei O. Moradi Y. goliRecreation and outing is one of the most important human needs, that the environment has resolved many aspect of it. But real value of environment due to its public is not known. This problem has great damage on this resource, however, economists had many efforts MoreRecreation and outing is one of the most important human needs, that the environment has resolved many aspect of it. But real value of environment due to its public is not known. This problem has great damage on this resource, however, economists had many efforts to determine the true value of ecosystems, because the market dose not have a ability to determine to value of non-market services of ecosystems. So they uses Non-market valuation methods. In this research, we examine the recreational value of Taq-Bostan forest park and visitors’ willingness to pay based on on-site collected data, using individual travel cost method (ITCM). Moreover, in order to estimate the demand function for visiting the park and subsequently, the willingness to pay of the visitors, Truncated poisson model and maximum likelihood method have been used. The result show that the average willingness to pay of each visitor for the recreational park under study is 11021 thousand tomans (according to 1392 prices) for each visit per year. To conclude, such willingness to pay provides policy-makers and government officials with enough justification to support the improve the quality of Taq-Bostan recreational park by at least investing on its preservation as much as the visitors’ willingness to pay. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - Analysis of Wheat Crop Cost Structure Using Translog Function"A Case of Kurdistan Province"
E. Pourmokhtar H. GhaderzadehThe current study attempted to investigate the mathematical sturcuture of cost function of irrigated wheat crop in Kurdistan province. The methodolgy is based on duality assumption. The sample size is 257 farmers for the agricultural year 2011-2012.data was collected by MoreThe current study attempted to investigate the mathematical sturcuture of cost function of irrigated wheat crop in Kurdistan province. The methodolgy is based on duality assumption. The sample size is 257 farmers for the agricultural year 2011-2012.data was collected byinterviewwith farmers and writing writerQuestionnaire.The multistage cluster random sampling used. The results showed that, the tarnslog cost function selected as the best model acorcding to collected data and structural assumptions such as constant return to scale, hemogenity, technological hemotetic were not statistical significant. Land allocated the most cost to itselfrecpectively. And again Allen elasticities of substitution except for labor with poison and water with fertilizer, all are subsititute. The amount of own price elasticity which is less than one,indicating inelastic demand of all input. In case of return to scale the results showed that, there is increasing return to scale for irrigated wheat farms in the study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - A Simulation Study on Impact of Climate Factors on Production and Requirements of Rice in Bangladesh
Md.AbuBakr Siddique Jun Furuya Shinataro Kobayashi M Abdus Salam -
Open Access Article
222 - Removal of Acid Red 33 from Aqueous Solution by Fenton and Photo Fenton Processes
Aref Shokri -
Open Access Article
223 - The effect of stock returns on the labor market demand in Iran
seyedabdolmajid jalali hedie mir akbar rahimipourInvestors in their decisions about their investments have paid attention to macroeconomic factors. This indicated that they intend to reduce their investment risk( systematic risk ) in terms of the expected returns are. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect o MoreInvestors in their decisions about their investments have paid attention to macroeconomic factors. This indicated that they intend to reduce their investment risk( systematic risk ) in terms of the expected returns are. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of stock returns on macroeconomic variables( demand for the labor market) in listed companies in Iran years 2006-2011 using dynamic pattern of labor demand (in order to consider the effects of labor market flexibility) and Limer test (to test the model using data combined with the fixed effects model) and data compilation methods (for the estimated model).Accordingly, the main research question is whether stock returns over Iran will affect demand in the labor market? To answer the first question and then said market demand was estimated using panel data. In this study, to consider the effects of labor market flexibility and dynamic labor demand model is used. The results have shown that the positive relationship between stock returns and there is a significant demand in the labor market. Thus, capital market development to create jobs in the labor market, although the coefficient obtained in the model suggest that this impact is negligible compared to the level of unemployment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
224 - Designing a Model for Predicting the Sales Potential of Iranian Movies (Data-Driven Approach) in Order to Determine the Market Entry Strategy
Babak Hamidia Mohammad Masteri Farahani Mohammad Javad Sohrabi Abbas RahimiHaving a predictive mathematical model regarding the sales potential of movies before the marketing and screening of movies is one of the needs of many producers, Cinema owners, etc. In this research, based on a systematic process and mixed exploratory approach, first t MoreHaving a predictive mathematical model regarding the sales potential of movies before the marketing and screening of movies is one of the needs of many producers, Cinema owners, etc. In this research, based on a systematic process and mixed exploratory approach, first the factors affecting the sales potential of movies were calculated and classified by content analysis method and by selecting the content factors of the film, i.e., the factors affecting the probability of pre-marketing and screening; The status of each of these factors in the top 100 films of a decade of Iranian cinema was examined. The required data were extracted from the statistical yearbook of Iranian film and cinema sales and based on Shannon entropy method and based on real data of 100 popular Iranian films, model coefficients were extracted and finally, a mathematical model to calculate the sales potential of a film up to Extracted before the marketing phase. The results of this study indicate that the 4 main factors of director (with coefficient of 0.25), actor (with coefficient of 0.253), genre (with coefficient of 0.251) and technical quality of film (with coefficient of 0.246) and a sub-factor of film series (with extra score) affect the sales potential of a movie. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - Identifying the Components Affecting Customer Dissatisfaction in Order to Design Competitive Strategies to be Studied: Requested Video Platforms (VOD) in Iran
Nader Jafari Haftkhani, Abbas RahimiIn discussing consumer behavior in marketing, and considering the importance of customer satisfaction in future buying behavior and customer loyalty for repurchase, the study of factors affecting customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction in businesses has become increas MoreIn discussing consumer behavior in marketing, and considering the importance of customer satisfaction in future buying behavior and customer loyalty for repurchase, the study of factors affecting customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction in businesses has become increasingly necessary. this research identifies the factors affecting customer dissatisfaction in the industry of requested video platforms (VODs) in Iran by accepting the framework of the two-factor (two-spectrum) theory of customer satisfaction. To achieve this goal, about 44,000 online data of customers of the two leaders of this market in Iran, namely Filimo and Nemava companies, were collected from three platforms: Bazaar Cafe, Twitter, and Instagram by crawling data method. And mapped the themes of this research were drawn. Findings show that four factors "content weaknesses", "software weaknesses", "high consumer costs", and "poor public relations and communication" are among the factors affecting customer dissatisfaction with Iranian VODs. As a result, it can be said that although improving the status of these factors by each platform will not necessarily lead to customer satisfaction, any effort by these companies to eliminate or reduce the causes of dissatisfaction or improve them can be effective in improving customer satisfaction and improving their competitive position. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - An Investigation of LTE Broadcast
H. Khanmirzaei Gh. Farsi V. Asgari Azad -
Open Access Article
227 - A critical analysis of the relationship between gender and politics in the discourse of the Islamic Republic and the Pahlavi era
sara soleimani ahoeiمطالبات حقوقی و مقایسه وضعیت حقوقی و اجتماعی زنان در قالب کتاب ها و مقالات متعددی همواره این دغدغه را مطرح نموده است که چرا در جوامع کمتر توسعه یافته در مقابل حضور زنان در عرصه های سیاسی مقاومت هایی صورت می گیرد و اجازه این بروز و ظهور داده نمی شود. شاید بتوان گفت جنسیت Moreمطالبات حقوقی و مقایسه وضعیت حقوقی و اجتماعی زنان در قالب کتاب ها و مقالات متعددی همواره این دغدغه را مطرح نموده است که چرا در جوامع کمتر توسعه یافته در مقابل حضور زنان در عرصه های سیاسی مقاومت هایی صورت می گیرد و اجازه این بروز و ظهور داده نمی شود. شاید بتوان گفت جنسیت و سیاست در بستر گفتمان های حاکم با روش تحلیل انتقادی گفتمان مورد بررسی قرار نگرفته و امید است با یافته های جدید در این خصوص و شناخت بیشتر از وضعیت زنان و مردان بتوان اکت های اجتماعی جدیدی در راستای برابری اجتماعی و سیاسی در ایران پیشنهاد شود. شایان ذکر است بررسی مواردی از اکت های سیاسی از جمله حق رای، حق انتخاب شدن و کاندیداتوری، اخذ پست های سیاسی، حضور زنان و نقش آفرینی زنان در محیط های نظامی و ... در دستور کار این پژوهش قرار داد. این پژوهش از نوع بنیادی و روش کیفی و با استفاده از روش مطالعه اسنادی و تکنیک تحلیل گفتمان انجام خواهد شد و به دنبال روش و نگرشی خواهم بود که هم تبیینی برای چگونگی نقش جنسیت در سیاست و هم ساز و کارهای لازم برای تحلیل متون مدنظر را در اختیار قرار دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - A Multi-objective Leagile Demand-Driven Optimization Model incorporating a Reliable Omnichannel Retailer: A Case Study
Farnaz Javadi Gargari Zahra Saeidi-Mobarakeh Hossein Amoozad KhaliliThis research proposed a comprehensive model designed for the optimization of supply chain networks, particularly emphasizing leagile demand-driven systems within the context of omnichannel operations. The proposed model integrates various parameters such as total cost, MoreThis research proposed a comprehensive model designed for the optimization of supply chain networks, particularly emphasizing leagile demand-driven systems within the context of omnichannel operations. The proposed model integrates various parameters such as total cost, lead time, service level, and residual capacity, addressing the complex interdependencies among an omnichannel environment of retailers. To enhance the model's reliability, a hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm is employed, combining the strengths of MOEA/D-DE (Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm with Differential Evolution), IBEA (Indicator-Based Evolutionary Algorithm), and NSGA-II (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II). The collaborative optimization approach ensures adaptability and efficiency in addressing diverse and intricate optimization challenges inherent in omnichannel networks. The numerical data from a case study on the supply of sanitary masks in Tabriz, Iran, during August 2021 is utilized to validate the model within the specific omnichannel context. The study includes a thorough sensitivity analysis, demonstrating the model's robustness against disturbances in the omnichannel network. The consistent performance of the odel across various disruption scenarios underscores its reliability and efficacy in ensuring the stability of supply chain operations within omni-channel frameworks. This observed resilience significantly enhances the overall robustness of the supply chain, especially when confronted with disruptive events. The model's ability to maintain stability under diverse conditions contributes to fortifying the supply chain against potential disruptions, thereby augmenting its adaptive capabilities in dynamic environments..Managerial and practical implications are discussed, emphasizing the significance of the proposed reliable omnichannel approach in leagile demand-driven systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - Energy Management in Microgrids Using Compensators, Energy Storage Systems, Demand Response, and Integration of Renewable Energies
Hamid Hematian Mohammad Tolou Akari Meysam AmirAhmadi Mahmoud Samiei Moghaddam Majid BabaeinikThis article examines the challenges of energy management in microgrids, considering the uncertainties associated with renewable energy sources, dynamic demand, and the presence of various devices such as batteries, distributed generation sources, and electric vehicles. MoreThis article examines the challenges of energy management in microgrids, considering the uncertainties associated with renewable energy sources, dynamic demand, and the presence of various devices such as batteries, distributed generation sources, and electric vehicles. The article introduces a complex optimization model designed for microgrid operations. This model focuses on mitigating the challenges of integrating power electronic generation units, managing demand within microgrids, and incorporating small-scale renewable energy sources. The goal of this model is to minimize various costs associated with energy losses, electricity purchases, load reduction, distributed generation operations, and battery costs over a 24-hour period. Simulations conducted on a test system demonstrate that the proposed model is effective, achieving up to a 20% reduction in microgrid operational costs. This approach provides an effective framework for enhancing the flexibility and efficiency of microgrid energy management, and the findings indicate that it outperforms comparative methods by a margin of at least 8%, demonstrating its effectiveness in improving critical indices in the microgrid system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
230 - The relationship between exchange rate overshooting and currency substitution in Iran’s economy
Seyed Mansour Heshmati Sanzighi Rahman Saadat Esmaeil AbounooriWhen a country's domestic currency fails to fulfill its roles, foreign currency often replaces it, a phenomenon known as currency substitution. This is particularly common in developing countries and influenced by both economic and political factors. One significant eco MoreWhen a country's domestic currency fails to fulfill its roles, foreign currency often replaces it, a phenomenon known as currency substitution. This is particularly common in developing countries and influenced by both economic and political factors. One significant economic aspect affecting currency substitution is exchange rate overshooting. The main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between exchange rate overshooting and currency substitution in Iran. Utilizing the Kamin-Ericsson (2003) method, we first examine the foreign currency in circulation and the volume of currency substitution in Iran’s economy using annual data from 1961 to 2021. Then, the Bayesian Vector Autoregression (BVAR) method employed to analyze the impact of exchange rate overshooting on currency substitution. The results indicate that exchange rate overshooting and inflation consistently lead to increased currency substitution in Iran’s economy. Conversely, economic growth negatively affects currency substitution. Additionally, neutralizing the effects of shocks related to exchange rate overshooting, economic development, and inflation requires more than five years. Therefore, economic policymakers must consider these factors when managing currency substitution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - Production structure of trout aquaculture industry in Chahar Mahal Bakhtiary province, Iran
Roya Eshraghi Samani Saeed Yazdani Sayyadmahdi Sadrolashrafi Gholamreza Paykani Production structure of trout aquaculture industry in the Chahar Mahal Bakhtiary Province of Iran were studied to identify the probability of reduction in production cost. The approach given in Duality theory was found useful and the system of Translo More Production structure of trout aquaculture industry in the Chahar Mahal Bakhtiary Province of Iran were studied to identify the probability of reduction in production cost. The approach given in Duality theory was found useful and the system of Translog cost function and cost share equations using pooled time series-cross section data were jointly estimated. The result of estimates showed that the production structure of the industry was non-homothetic implying that any change in the output level or scale could affect the cost shares. It was found out that the industry was labor and capital saving, and food and fish (larva) intensive. The estimated Allen partial elasticity of substitution showed the substitutability of inputs, except complementary relation of larva with food and labor. The results of study on own-price elasticities of demands in absolute values indicated that demands for labor, capital and food inputs were inelastic to changes of their price in trout aquaculture industry. In addition, the demand for food was less responsive to change in price of labor, capital and food inputs than responsivity of demand for these inputs to change in food price. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - Globalization and it’s effect on agricultural economy of Iran: Case study on Cumminum cyminum
Zahra Noori Toupkanloo In order to determine the effect of globalization on agricultural economy of Iran, exporting supply, domestic supply and domestic demand functions of Cumminum cyminum was studied during 1981-1999. The results revealed that globalization trend had positive e More In order to determine the effect of globalization on agricultural economy of Iran, exporting supply, domestic supply and domestic demand functions of Cumminum cyminum was studied during 1981-1999. The results revealed that globalization trend had positive effect on domestic supply and increased domestic production of Cumminum cyminum. However it had negative effect on domestic demand and decreased domestic consumption of the crop. Globalization index had also positive effect on exporting supply of Cumminum cyminum and indicated that it was responsible in increasing of the mentioned crop export. Manuscript profile
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