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Open Access Article
1 - The Relationship Between Spirituality and job burnout Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran"
M. Asgharpour Hajiabadi H. Rezghi Shirsavar Sh. HashemniaThe purpose of the current article is to investigate the relationship between spirituality and employee burnout of the Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad university of Tehran.The article defines burnout in three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalizati MoreThe purpose of the current article is to investigate the relationship between spirituality and employee burnout of the Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad university of Tehran.The article defines burnout in three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and lack of individual success. Spirituality in the workplace has been conceptualized as work with meaning in individual level, solidarity in group level and alignment with organizational values in the organizational level.The population of this study ,which is composed of over 817 people , are the total employee of the Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad university.Among these, according to Morgan & Krejcie sampling table, 277 were randomly selected.To collect data, Maslach burnout questionnaire (1981) consisting of 20 items and Miliman & et all spirituality questionnaire (2003) consisting of 20 items were used.The validity of questionnaires is confirmed by using Expert opinions & pilot implementation.Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient test was determined 93% for spirituality in the work place and 87% for the burnout rate which is acceptable.This study analyzed data on the descriptive statistics including frequency, percentage, mean, medium, standard, deviation, variance and charting and on the inferential statistics analysis was done using Kolmogorov – Smirnov test, correlation & independent T test and regression.The findings of the current research reports that there is a significant, inverse relationship between spirituality in the workplace and burn out and with the rise of spirituality in the workplace, burn out reduces.Some of the demographic variables such as age and working experience are related to job burnout. Moreover aging as well as working experience can lead to increased burnout.However, we found no association between spirituality in the workplace & demographic variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Evaluation the effect of Generics-Prone Purchaser Demographics and Pcychographic Characteristics on Generics Purchase’s Decision-Making
B. Kheiry M. Haji mohammad rezaIn the history of the food business, few things have been as surprising or in some cases ascontroversial as the rapid proliferation of so-called generic products. The present study, have beendone in order to evaluate the effect of generics-Prone Purchaser Demographics a MoreIn the history of the food business, few things have been as surprising or in some cases ascontroversial as the rapid proliferation of so-called generic products. The present study, have beendone in order to evaluate the effect of generics-Prone Purchaser Demographics and PcychographicCharacteristics on Generics Purchase’s Decision-Making. The present investigation of a relativelybroad spectrum of variables in connection with generics should serve to enlarge our understanding ofthis market. This study considers five types of segmentation variables: demographics, requirements forprice and quality, Requirements for brand, information seeking behavior, relevant behavioralcharacteristics. In addition to identify generic products Purchaser generally, generic purchase, haveconsidered at three level (none, low, high), toward to demographics and psychographic characteristics.Requirement information have been gathered by Descriptive-Correlational research and cluster, simpleRandom sampling of 265 people at Shahrvand chain store and Tehran grand market by using of validand reliable questionnaire. For testing hypothesis have been used of One-Sample T Test, Independent-Sample T Test, One-Way ANOVA and Univariate ANOVA, and have been analyzed through SPSS16software. The findings shows that price proneness, quality proneness, less brand loyalty, private( Vs.national) brand proneness, personal source usage, general change proneness, venturesomness,innovativeness and less perceived risk were determined to be positive influences on purchase ofgenerics .On the other hand, label readership, electronic and print media usage and approval ofadvertising were determined to be reverse influences on “high” generic purchaser group and finallypurchaser generics were characterized to be younger and married. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The Investigation of the Relationship among Organizational Commitment, Organizational Virtuousness, and Procrastination at Work with Regard to the Role of Demographic Variables
Akbar Etebarian Khorasgani Mojtaba Changizi MohammadiBackground: The Housing Foundation of Islamic Revolution is a governmental institution whose clients are mainly from deprived and vulnerable rural areas. The major portion of its activities is conducted in villages, regions affected by natural disasters, and deprived ur MoreBackground: The Housing Foundation of Islamic Revolution is a governmental institution whose clients are mainly from deprived and vulnerable rural areas. The major portion of its activities is conducted in villages, regions affected by natural disasters, and deprived urban areas. This study aimed at investigating the relationship of organizational commitment and perception of organizational virtue with procrastination at work, by considering the role of demographic variables. Research Method: This was an applied descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population included all employees of the Housing Foundation of Islamic Revolution in Isfahan, with at least an associate degree. The Kerjeci-Morgan's table and simple random sampling techniques were used for determination of sample size and selection of samples, respectively. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, as well as the Partial and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient were used for data collection and analysis. Findings: There was a significant correlation between all three variables, namely organizational virtue, organizational commitment, and procrastination at work. Investigation into the role of demographic variables in the quantity and quality of relationship between research variables produced the same result. The only exception was with educational level, in which the relationship of organizational virtue with procrastination was not significant. Results from investigation into the relationship between different dimensions of variables showed that organizational virtue dimensions (optimism, trust, and sympathy) were not significantly correlated with continued commitment. The same result was observed with demographic variables, as moderating variables. Investigation into the relationship of procrastination with dimensions of organizational commitment also showed a significant correlation between emotional and continued commitments with procrastination. The same result was also observed with demographic variables. The only exception was with age and educational level, in which emotional commitment and procrastination were not correlated. Finally, a significant correlation was observed between procrastination at work and two dimensions of organizational virtue. Conclusion: To decrease procrastination at work among employees, some measures, including training through performance contagion, should be taken to improve their perception of organizational virtue and organizational commitment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Changes In Iran Building Industry
Arash Ghahramani The population of Iran has expanded rapidly in the last decades notabley in city areas. Current housing construction has been unable to satisfy the demands some imported industrialised, prefabricated concrete and steel building systems wer More The population of Iran has expanded rapidly in the last decades notabley in city areas. Current housing construction has been unable to satisfy the demands some imported industrialised, prefabricated concrete and steel building systems were introduced into Iran to respond to the increasing demand for house building and to improve building construction generally, but these efforts have largely failed. Despite this failure, it is generally understood that industrialised building is the only practical solution to the current problems in Iran of housing shortages and poor quality. This shortages of housing and lack of a relevant construction system to satisfy the demand, are the reasons of this research, and presenting a solution for this problem is, its main aim. Rather than introducing radically new methods of construction which ignore the existing structure of the Construction Industry and construction skills, improvements may be achieved by building upon this structure and the skill. So, neither traditional methods of construction, nor modern imported technology can meet building construction demands successfully; a blend of the two is necessary. It must be noted that besides socio-cultural conditions, any change must consider the present structure of the Construction Industry and the climate natures such as earthquakes in the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - بررسی و تحلیل عوامل اقتصادی-اجتماعی مؤثر بر رشد جمعیت کشور
رضا رنجبران -
Open Access Article
6 - تأثیر ساختار سنی جمعیت و نرخ پسانداز بر رشد اقتصادی ایران: با رویکرد رگرسیون چندک
جبرئیل دودکانلوی میلان سید کمال صادقی محمدعلی متفکر آزاد -
Open Access Article
7 - تأثیرآزادسازی تجاری بر رشد اقتصادی کشورهای منتخب حوزه خاورمیانه (با تأکید برمدلهای رشد درونزا)
ابوالقاسم مهدوی مرضیه طاهری هنجنی فاطمه شمس الاحرار -
Open Access Article
8 - بررسی اثر تحولات جمعیتی کشور بر پایداری مالی سازمان تامین اجتماعی با رویکرد خودرگرسیون با وقفههای توزیعی
بایرام پاکروان مریم خوشنویس -
Open Access Article
9 - برآورد اثر بازگشتی مستقیم بهبود کارایی مصرف گاز در بخش خانگی ایران
مریم عباسی عباس امبنی فرد -
Open Access Article
10 - مولفههای موثر در استقرار بیمه پایه سلامت در ایران
سمیه صدیقی سمیه حسام محمدرضا ملکی -
Open Access Article
11 - بررسی میزان اضطراب کامپیوتر در اعضای هیات علمی و مدیران پرستاری
قهرمان محمودی سید عباس سیادتی -
Open Access Article
12 - ارزیابی درصد استقرار جمعیتهای گونه گیاهی Salsola rigida در مناطق مختلف رویشی استان سمنان
علی محبی* مسلم مظفری سمیه ناصری محمد امیرجان رضا سبوحی -
Open Access Article
13 - The relation between cultural intelligence and demographic factors of banking industry managers with their communication quotient . ( case study: keshavarzi bank )
sahar sadraei rashid zolfaghari zaferani ahmad vedadiIntroduction & Objective: In the present era, effective management has shifted to a new model based on openness, trust and general knowledge. A manager's communication intelligence helps him / her to adjust his / her own communication style with his / her employees MoreIntroduction & Objective: In the present era, effective management has shifted to a new model based on openness, trust and general knowledge. A manager's communication intelligence helps him / her to adjust his / her own communication style with his / her employees and colleagues in the environment in which he / she works. Communication intelligence, like other phenomena, is affected by several factors that the researcher in this study with the aim of investigating the extent and share of cultural intelligence and demographic factors affecting the communication intelligence of managers in the Agricultural Bank.Research Method: This research is descriptive-correlational in terms of applied purpose and in terms of data collection. The statistical population in this study includes all managers, deputies and experts of Keshavarzi Bank headquarters and branches in the whole of Tehran province in the number of 387 people and according to Morgan table, the number of sample was 193 people who were selected using random sampling method. The research instruments were the standard cultural intelligence questionnaires of Ang et al. (2012) and the communication competence of Burmster (1988). The validity of the questionnaires was calculated and confirmed based on face validity as well as content validity of 0.893 and Cronbach's alpha method was used for the reliability of the questionnaire. Data analysis was performed at both descriptive and inferential levels using correlation method.Results: The results showed that demographic factors had a positive and significant relationship with communication intelligence. Cultural intelligence variables also have a positive and significant relationship with communication intelligence.Conclusion: Although the correlation matrix between demographic factors, cultural intelligence and communication intelligence is established and the model designed based on demographic factors and cultural intelligence was able to significantly explain the changes in communication intelligence, but among personality traits, only gender variable 25% And the marital variable 35% were able to explain the changes in communication intelligence and in the dimensions of cultural intelligence only the motivation dimension entered the model and 30% were able to explain the changes in communication intelligence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Analysis of social capital based on demographic variables in Hormozgan province
Mohammad AshinehThe concept of social capital has the potential to direct behavior based on network, norm, value and social trust in the structure. Social capital is considered a desirable element for doing intra-group work, and its existence is necessary for social solidarity and achi MoreThe concept of social capital has the potential to direct behavior based on network, norm, value and social trust in the structure. Social capital is considered a desirable element for doing intra-group work, and its existence is necessary for social solidarity and achieving society's goals; The higher the amount of social capital, the lower the cost of society. The purpose of this research is to describe the amount of social capital in terms of demographic variables. The statistical population of this article includes 13 cities of Hormozgan province, and the data was collected from the land survey center and as a whole. The results showed that the social capital of citizens living in Hormozgan province is at an average level, they are all over the country.Also, social capital among men with an average of 2.74, people over 55 years of age 2.79, Shia religion 2.74, people with primary education level 2.92, retirees 2.78 more than others. These statistics are approximately close to the amount of social capital across the country. It shows that men often communicate with a wider range of people due to the connection with the outside environment and as a result of more social activities and being in better social and professional positions than women, and the opportunity to communicate and expand Social ties are much more for men. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - The place of women and family in the bill of the seventh economic and social development program of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Hamed Mohammadi Fateme AbediFive-year development plans determine the path of growth and development of our country in economic, social and cultural dimensions. These programs are compiled based on the constitution, the country's 20-year vision document and general policies announced by the S MoreFive-year development plans determine the path of growth and development of our country in economic, social and cultural dimensions. These programs are compiled based on the constitution, the country's 20-year vision document and general policies announced by the Supreme Leader. Due to the important and valuable position of women in society, in all programs, there are provisions dedicated to women's issues in all cultural, social and economic dimensions. Although some of these provisions are useful, they are not enough for this area. The Seventh Development Plan Bill is not an exception to this rule and, despite the good points raised in it, it also faces shortcomings. In this article, the method of categorical content analysis has been used, and the previous development programs have been reviewed, and it has been tried to analyze the materials and clauses mentioned in chapter 16 of the seventh development program, which is dedicated to women, family and the population. To improve and complete the mentioned materials, provide tips, criticisms and suggestions. In this program, we have positive and better points regarding the status of women and family than in previous development programs, still the general evaluation of the proposed rulings in the field of women, family and the young people of the population shows the lack of comprehensiveness in problem analysis and the lack of discourse consensus in it has the field of women and family. So, it has been tried to provide corrective rulings in accordance with each section and the identified challenges Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - مهاجرت ، رشد جمعیت ، کلانشهر تهران
سید کمال الدین sh -
Open Access Article
17 - A Prediction of Urban and Rural Population by 2040
Habibollah Zanjani -
Open Access Article
18 - A survey on population and social aspects of marriage portion in Iran (A case of Tehran city )
Seyed Mohammad Seyed Mirzaie Ahmad Raoof -
Open Access Article
19 - Corrosion study of the spatial distribution of rural population of the three census periods 1996, 2006 and 2011
ammar rahmani abdolreza farajirad bijan rahmaniBoth population growth and aging of the population will have undesirable consequences on the economic and social dimensions (Gheysarian, 2009: 1) Given that the spatial distribution of population, population structure is one of important issues (Mohajerani, 2010: 45) Th MoreBoth population growth and aging of the population will have undesirable consequences on the economic and social dimensions (Gheysarian, 2009: 1) Given that the spatial distribution of population, population structure is one of important issues (Mohajerani, 2010: 45) The study with indicators of aging, the aging of the rural population's spatial distribution using Geographic Information System GIS in census periods 1996, 2006 and 2011 were analyzed. The results of this study indicate that the three census periods of 1996, 2006 and 2011, the cluster model in our aging index and means that we focus on the central part of the country's population aging populations are not distributed and balanced in the country and continue this process will lead to more focus on the elderly population. The space between the center and the control center for a high rate of aging in our country, Finally, the rural elderly population is increasing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Spatial analysis of population and municipal services with the approach of spatial justice Case Study: the city Khorramabad
علی شماعی سمیه تیموری حسین بهرامیThe purpose of this study, "Analysis of the spatial distribution of population and municipal services in the areas of Khorramabad" is. Based on this study, the distribution of municipal services tailored to the needs of the population in 23 urban areas in Khorramabad de MoreThe purpose of this study, "Analysis of the spatial distribution of population and municipal services in the areas of Khorramabad" is. Based on this study, the distribution of municipal services tailored to the needs of the population in 23 urban areas in Khorramabad deals. The research, analytical and utilizes the model vikor, AHP, GIS map based on field data and documents. Based on the results of 10 city services 2 area index score, 5 score and the rest of the half area is unbalanced. To study the dispersion of population and municipal services Spearman correlation coefficient calculated the coefficient obtained (0/062), which show that distribution utilities with the population density is uneven. Social justice as well as to assess the three criteria of justice in the city of David Harvey indicated that the criteria has not been met in order to achieve social justice and the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Analysis of distribution of population and services in Ahwaz by Hybrid models
علی اصغر عبدالهی مجتی سلیمانی دامنهThis study analyzes the spatial distribution of population among districts in Ahvaz by ranking them. The research way is descriptive analytical models and taxonomy, SAR, SAW, entropy , Kapland and borad index is used. The population is eight area of Ahwaz metropolitan. MoreThis study analyzes the spatial distribution of population among districts in Ahvaz by ranking them. The research way is descriptive analytical models and taxonomy, SAR, SAW, entropy , Kapland and borad index is used. The population is eight area of Ahwaz metropolitan. Ahvaz city, according to latest census of 1390 the population was 1112668 and intern of distribution and access to municipal services, population growth is not appropriate. The correlation coefficient obtained with a value of 0.619 indicates that the distribution and population density in the city of Ahwaz, there is a weak relationship. Combining the results of the model show in 1 area looks increase in population and in region 6,7 and 8 in order to increase the level of coordination between the needs of the population and service so we can say with a balance distribution of service across metropolitan areas in Ahwaz according to the needs of population can reach a balance in urban areas. Therefore, the relationship between the distribution of the population and services in eight districts in Ahwaz to achieve sustainability and social justice seems necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - An analysis of the evolution of the population hierarchy system with an emphasis on the position of the middle cities under study in East Azarbaijan province
Ali Taghipour Mohammadrezq rezaiThe term development has been widely used after the Second World War. This phenomenon is a valuable, multidimensional and complex category, which is the most important discussion of countries, especially developing countries, as a process. Development is a comprehensive MoreThe term development has been widely used after the Second World War. This phenomenon is a valuable, multidimensional and complex category, which is the most important discussion of countries, especially developing countries, as a process. Development is a comprehensive process of economic, social, cultural and political activities, the goal of which is to continuously improve the life of the entire population, and fair distribution of resources is one of its main pillars. The main goal of this article is an analysis of the evolution of the population hierarchy system. The research is of applied type and the required data were collected from the results of the last official population and housing census of the country in 2015. The western half or the semi-developed area of the province includes a north-south axis from Jolfa, Marand, Tabriz, Azarshahr to Malkan, which is adjacent to national and interregional communication networks and suitable infrastructure networks. The establishment of large industries, small and medium industrial workshops, agricultural and garden areas, large villages, densely populated cities, industrial livestock farms and commercial activities are among the characteristics of this area. The eastern half of the province, which has always been deprived due to the natural and mountainous features of the region and the inability to connect with other neighboring provinces. Although in some cases the possibility of development in them has been more than other regions of the province. The establishment of a large part of sparsely populated and scattered villages with the dominant economy of herding and traditional animal husbandry, rainfed agriculture and the establishment of sparsely populated cities are the main features of the eastern half of the province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Analyses of spatial-local condition of ballot-boxe in 15th district of Tehran municipality using GIS
Asghar Nazarian Morteza Ghourchi Hamid BakhshiGeography of election is a field of geography with background in European countries from mid of 1910s. Later this field was expanded in 1960s along with little revolution in USA. Geography of election considers condition before and after election; on the other words, it MoreGeography of election is a field of geography with background in European countries from mid of 1910s. Later this field was expanded in 1960s along with little revolution in USA. Geography of election considers condition before and after election; on the other words, it analyzes actors of election through spatial point of view. One of the fields for study on geography of election is study on spatial-local condition of ballot-boxes before election; it was tried in this study to analyze 15th district of Tehran municipality using GIS for 2 cases: first case is relationship between demographic zones and quantity of ballot-boxes and second case is way of access to hospital and clinic in case when unexpected accident is occurred. 15th district of Tehran is one of the 22-fold districts of Tehran metropolitan, located in southeastern of Tehran at entrance gate of old Khorasan road. According to predictions of a universal plan, population of this district will be 942400 people in 2021. Therefore, 15th district is one of the important demographic centers. In regard to such condition, spatial-local analyze of GIS maps is considered in this research which accordingly, relationship between population and quantity of ballot-boxes in districts is not suitable; actually ballot-bases of district is not distributed proportionally considering current population in its areas. Moreover, positions of local hospital, firefighting stations as well as clinics existing in this district are considered in relation to ballot-bases. Condition of mentioned district’s access networks is interested and findings are shown lack of a planned systematic network. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Migration and its background factors in Iran
حبیب اله ZanjaniIran is one of those countries that has affected by population movements in someperiods of it’s long history. These movements were mostly because of wars andinversions. But in recent century the political and economic aspects have dominatedthe mentioned factors. T MoreIran is one of those countries that has affected by population movements in someperiods of it’s long history. These movements were mostly because of wars andinversions. But in recent century the political and economic aspects have dominatedthe mentioned factors. The historical background of migration in Iran has its roots inthe population, economic and political characteristics and the rate of population growthin Iran in comparison with the whole world has been much more. the spatialdistribution of population is so that some of the areas of Iran enjoy more favorablefacilities for the settlement and suitable activities for the settlers. And this fact resultsin the migration from some areas to other areas.The development policies and the management activities are also among the factorsthat have resulted in unequal development and have facilitated the natural conditions inthe absorbing and driving the population from one area to another. To this factorshould be also be added the type of living and the settlement system of the populationfrom the urban and rural point of view and therefore it should be emphasize on thecontinues reduction of the population of the small villages.The great income difference between cities and villages is not only seen in the wholecountry but also among the provinces and inside them and is one of the backgroundmakingfactors for migration. The unsuitable of investment system in different parts ofthe country from one side and the diversity of environmental conditions with socioeconomicand tribal specifications of the country on the other hand are also of such atype that make many problems and difficulties for a comprehensive definition andpolicy-making, and has limited its effects. In such conditions a more exact survey ofthe subject for finding the essential strategies is unavoidable.Key Words: Iran, population, migration, development, city, rural, socio-economic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Examination of the role of the economic activities in the distribution of population between city and village in Iran
Majid Vali Shareeat PanahiThe identification of the circumstances of the population distribution and its geographical dispersion, in particular between city and village, as well as factors influencing this distribution is necessary for the judicial planning in the country. The economic activitie MoreThe identification of the circumstances of the population distribution and its geographical dispersion, in particular between city and village, as well as factors influencing this distribution is necessary for the judicial planning in the country. The economic activities which are divided into three main groups (agriculture, industry and services) are among the numerous factors overshadowing the population distribution. The results of this research show that the activities in the sphere of industry and services have contributed to the concentration of population in the urban areas by creation of job opportunities. The agricultural activities have contributed to the stabilization of the population in the rural areas and the differences of the provinces from the viewpoints of city-dwelling and village-dwelling is somehow due to their difference from the viewpoint of employment proportion in each of the economic activities. Also the change in the proportion of the city-dwelling during 1956 to 2006 results from the changes in the range of employment in the industry and services sectors and changes in the degrees of village-dwelling has correlation with changes in the proportions of employment in the agricultural activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The Evolution of Urban Network
Azita Rajabi Sh BineshpajoohThe study of the urban network of Tehran, the urban development and the populationpattern in recent years have followed the increasing growth of urbanization, and thecreation of deep chasm of the Tehran population in proportion with capacities andpotentials and have led MoreThe study of the urban network of Tehran, the urban development and the populationpattern in recent years have followed the increasing growth of urbanization, and thecreation of deep chasm of the Tehran population in proportion with capacities andpotentials and have led to microsophalic phenomenon and the escalation of the earlierpattern of urbanization. This was a phenomenon which has created numerous social,economic and cultural problems in the entire province of Tehran. Deriving from proposedparadigms, the present article deals with the results and studies the city of Tehran and itstrend in recent years. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Predict of Expand Informal Settlements in Urban of West Azerbaijan Province and Management Strategies
دکتر رحیم سرور مجید روستاOne of the problem in urban planning and Management in west Azarbaijan province is rapid Growth of urbanization and population and informal settlement in the recent 30 years. 4milion will increase before 1405 and it means more problems at province Government. The purp MoreOne of the problem in urban planning and Management in west Azarbaijan province is rapid Growth of urbanization and population and informal settlement in the recent 30 years. 4milion will increase before 1405 and it means more problems at province Government. The purpose of this research is prediction of expand of informal settlement in 1405 and to show the strategies of urban management. The part of problems at informal settlement is: The lack of housing places; Environment pollution; Decrease of feeling security and Growth of unemployment and social problems. So it is necessary to strategic planning for urban development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - The evaluation of amount of pardis new city establishment succes in absorbing extra population from tehran capital city
رحیم سرور بیژن صفوی بهروز درویش ورچه زادهintroduction and Aim: move than half a century,new cities theory applied in various form in previous sociolistic and third word system and leads to different results.in according to population growth, capital cities involved with lots of proplems, and following decrease Moreintroduction and Aim: move than half a century,new cities theory applied in various form in previous sociolistic and third word system and leads to different results.in according to population growth, capital cities involved with lots of proplems, and following decrease of life quality in them dueto. Economic, social and bio environmental problems and compression of population and activited in capital cities, leads to decentralize, control of immigration and absorb of capital cities extra population in domain of these cities, the present survay full filled to investing the amount succes of pardis new city establishment in absorbing extra population of tehran Method: in this study, analytic and descriptive manner are used, first gathering data about the case study (description) and then analysis of data by use of SWOT table analysis. Findings: 1) tehran_pardis highway is one of the most important factors in immigration to pardis, Which is one of the main way of access to pardis suburban .2) most important irritation factors of immigration, is joa and employment that based on last census of 1390, following family and seeking job are most important factors in immigration to tehran province . 3) fundamental foundation are the main problems of pardis residents, the sample of this problem is lock of forming complete system of city gas, which lock of facilities and services predicated as one of most important factors in unsuccess of pardis new city in absorbing population and un satisfaction of residents . 4) growth rate of tehran city was less than grotwh rate of them province which in recent decaded growth of them population distributes more in cities around tehran. Conclusion: with population study of tehran capital city and other city places of tehran, we end to this conclusion that in over all evaluation pardis could not achive the predicated amount of absorbing population and if population have extered to pardis, it has not major effect on decrebse of population in Tehran. Also in this study we concluded that new city has factors can help to absorb population in new cities such as: proper finding location, various accesses to other place, job opportunity for residents and services relative to house. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Analysis of quantitative and economic indicators of housing and forecasting of population structure, housing prices and houses required till 1410 in Tehran
javad mahdianpoor hamidreza saremiIntroduction and Objectiv: the quality of the urban housing indicators is one of the indicators of the socio - economic development in the countries of the world.in developing countries, including Iran housing supply is one of the Acute issues, are due to the presence o MoreIntroduction and Objectiv: the quality of the urban housing indicators is one of the indicators of the socio - economic development in the countries of the world.in developing countries, including Iran housing supply is one of the Acute issues, are due to the presence of the defects in the planning of Housing and also increase urbanization rapidly. Over the decades, the changes in the city of Tehran have made it important for housing planning. The purpose of this article is to analyze Indicators of the quantitative and economic housing. Method: The method used in this research is based on objective, applied and based on data collection, descriptive and analytical - quantitative. The library and documentation method were used to collect information. Finally, the prediction of population structure (exponential method), housing needs (aggregation and index methods) and housing prices (Arima method) have been addressed in three minimum, average and maximum scenarios. Findings:The research findings indicate that the population of Tehran will reach from 8537000 to 9734000 by 1410 And will require 2863,000 to 3534,000 residential units. It is also expected that the average price per square meter of housing will reach 6.4 to 6.8 million tomans. Conclusion:Housing Analysis in Tehran shows that quantitative indicators of housing have improved and economic indicators of housing have declined. And for the future of Tehran, a scenario with at least population growth and the scenario of maximum housing prices seems more likely. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Demographic Analysis of Villagers’ Perception toward Environmental Sustainability of Rural Areas in Baghmalek Township, Khuzestan Province
S.kosar Mousapour Amir Naeimi Roholah RezaeiThe goal of this descriptive survey research was to demographic analysis of villagers’ perception toward environmental sustainability of rural areas in Baghmalek Township. Statistical population of the study was rural households in central region of Baghmalek town MoreThe goal of this descriptive survey research was to demographic analysis of villagers’ perception toward environmental sustainability of rural areas in Baghmalek Township. Statistical population of the study was rural households in central region of Baghmalek township located at Khuzestan Province (N=3005). Sample size determined via Krejcie and Morgan’s table (n=341). Sampling method was proportional stratified random sampling. Research instrument was questionnaire. Face and content validity of the questionnaire revised and verified by panel of experts. To determine the reliability of the questionnaire, a pilot test was conducted then Cronbach’s Alpha was calculated (α=0.80). Descriptive results showed that villagers’ perception toward environmental sustainability was less than moderate level. Results of Compare mean tests showed that there was a significant difference between perceptions of villagers who have participated in natural resource projects and those who have not participated toward environmental sustainability (ES). Results of One way ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference between perceptions of villagers with different occupations toward ES. Results of Correlation analysis showed that variable such as: duration of residence in the village and literacy had significant and negative relationships with perceptions of villagers toward ES. Moreover, size of agricultural land had a significant and positive relationship with perceptions of villagers toward ES. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - A serological study of antibodies to H9N2 Avain Influenza Virus in Human Population of Ardabil area, Iran
آیدین عزیزپور سعید بکائی نریمان شیخی شهرام حبیب زادهOrthomixoviridae family viruses (Influenza viruses) are major cause of death in human withrespiratory diseases. Although avian influenza in iranian chickens are associated with H9N2subtype, there was not any study for seroprevalence of H9N2 avian influenza virus in huma MoreOrthomixoviridae family viruses (Influenza viruses) are major cause of death in human withrespiratory diseases. Although avian influenza in iranian chickens are associated with H9N2subtype, there was not any study for seroprevalence of H9N2 avian influenza virus in human ofardabil area as yet. This study was to carried out to determined antibodies to H9N2 avianinfluenza virus in different human populations during November to February 2010 in Ardabilarea, which is situated in the northwest of Iran.Antibodies against H9N2 virus were measuredusing HI test in 311 sera from two populations (patient and healthy) with different sex and agegroupsincluding 86 serum samples of patients hospitalized with clinical symptoms ofrespiratory disease, 88 sera of patients hospitalized without respiratory complications , 41 seraof veterinarian and vaccinators, 44 sera of hospitalized medical personnel who related to healthprofession, and 52 sera of farmers, poultry-farm and slaughter-house workers. Data wasevaluated with SPSS.The results of the HI test showed that in patients: 37.2% with 22.03±10.74titer of the patients hospitalized with clinical symptoms of respiratory disease and 23.9% with21.88±10.41 from patients hospitalized without respiratory complications, in healthy: 29.3%with 21.14±10.59 titer from veterinarian and vaccinators, 18.2% with 20.00±10.00 titer fromhospitalized medical personnel who related to health profession and15.4% with 26.02±11.35titer from farmers ,poultry-farm and slaughter-house workers were positive (HI titers ≥1/20).Seroprevalence of 27.0% and 23.6% were determined in male and female, respectively(P≥0.05).The highest and lowest seroprevalence among four age-groups of two humanpopulations (patient and healthy) were observed in 30≤ (26.5%) and 46-60 (22.4%) years,respectively, (P≥0.05). According to results of this study, different groups of humans werecontacted with H9N2 avian influenza virus that the highest contact was detected in patientshospitalized with respiratory complication and in regard to occupation was observed inveterinarian and vaccinators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Presentation of Regression Model to Prediction of Pesticide in Iran
Maryam Sheykholeslamy Bourghani Mohamad Rezvani Seyed Mohamad ShobeiriBackground and Objective: Environmental pollution and organisms health threat is a negative consequence of pesticides usage. The research hypothesis is that increasing pesticide usage due to population growth threatens the environment. Presenting a model for pesticide u MoreBackground and Objective: Environmental pollution and organisms health threat is a negative consequence of pesticides usage. The research hypothesis is that increasing pesticide usage due to population growth threatens the environment. Presenting a model for pesticide usage prediction and proposing educational strategies to reduce of pesticide usage is the goals of research. Method: At first trend of pesticide usage analyses according to comparative method. In the next stage Demographic Studies is done and population is predicted in 2026 vision. Then, with statistical modeling, a nonlinear regression model between population and pesticide usage is presented. By this model, pesticide usage in 2026 vision is predicted. Findings: Results show that pesticide usage in the period of 2005 to 2014 has been decreased. Calculated regression model between pesticide usage and population shows in 2026 vision ,that the country should has suitable environment, pesticide usage will be reduce as much as Thirty-fourth times lower than 2012. Discussion and Conclusion: Moving towards a suitable environment in terms of reducing of pesticide usage is positive and hypothesis is rejected. In order to enhance decreasing trend of pesticide usage educational strategies presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Estimating Western mole-vole (Ellobius lutescens) Population Size Using Distance methods In Hamedan Province
golnar makhfi Mahmod Karami Morteza Nadery Aliakbar YalpaniyanBackground and Objectives: knowledge about the animal Population size is important for Wildlife management and is the main requirement tool for management and is the prerequisite for management. Western mole-vole have special life. It has underground life and for this r MoreBackground and Objectives: knowledge about the animal Population size is important for Wildlife management and is the main requirement tool for management and is the prerequisite for management. Western mole-vole have special life. It has underground life and for this reason the researchers have been little attention to it. Estimating abundance is important and first information that use wildlife management. Therefore study estimating abundance is done for this species. Method: We use to distance models (T-square sampling and Byth and Ripley). This models don’t need plot and quadrats and Using Seber (1982) model for sample size. Also we use Burnham et al. (1980) for total length of transect and using Ecological Methodology software. Findings: The T-square method, the sample size n=27, density was estimated 56 species per hectare that the 95% confidence interval limits of 38/44 to 63/8 species per hectare (SE=0/0039). The Byth and Ripley method, the sample size n=27, density was estimated 49 species per hectare that the 95% confidence interval limits of 45/2 to 52/6 species per hectare (SE=0/00076). Discussion and Conclusion: The final mean population size was considered 50 species per hectare. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - The Biological Assessment of the Samsami River Using the Structure of Benthic Macroinvertebrates (Chaharmahal-o-Bakhtiary Province)
parviz Parviz Mansouri B Mehrdad Fattollahi Ahmad GhaneBackground and Objective: There are different methods for assessing river water quality. One of these methods is to use the large population structure of bulk invertebrates. Accordingly, this study was carried out to evaluate the quality of water of the Smsami River usi MoreBackground and Objective: There are different methods for assessing river water quality. One of these methods is to use the large population structure of bulk invertebrates. Accordingly, this study was carried out to evaluate the quality of water of the Smsami River using large invertebrates. Method: In this study, 7 stations were selected along the 10 km of Samsami River and sampling was done in a one-year period every 45 days. Data were collected as population measurements including total richness, EPT richness, EPT frequency ratio to Chironomidae family, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and biological index in Hallesinof family. Findings: The results of this study included 11 orders and 45 groups (family and sex) of the large invertebrates, the larvae of aquatic insects had the highest diversity and abundance. The maximum and minimum mean of total frequency per square meter during the study period was at station 2, (1694 ± 232.72) and (314.71 ± 13.7) At station 7 respectively. The dominant orders in this study were Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera. Discussion and Conclusion: Evaluations showed that in stations 2 and 6, due to the entry of rural wastewater and fish farming, the quality of river water has changed and the frequency and frequency of infected families have decreased and contaminated groups have increased. Based on this, it can be concluded that the use of the measurement of the diversity and abundance of large invertebrates as an indicator of the biological contamination of water is a good way to evaluate the water quality of the river. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - 5
Nasser Moharramnejad Mahsa Safaripour -
Open Access Article
36 - Mathematical modeling for the phytoremediation of oil-contaminated soils
Faraz Montazerolsedgh Reza Ezzatian Soheila YaghmaeiIn recent years, the use of plants for soil remediation has been of much interest. Much effort has been put into lab work to obtain experimental data, but despite the great importance of theoretical aspect, less attention has been paid to this issue. The present study i MoreIn recent years, the use of plants for soil remediation has been of much interest. Much effort has been put into lab work to obtain experimental data, but despite the great importance of theoretical aspect, less attention has been paid to this issue. The present study is an effort to investigate the theoretical and mathematical concepts governing this process. Basic definitions are presented briefly. Also, the governing mechanisms are discussed. After presenting the continuity and mass transfer equations, first the validity of the obtained equations is verified in a real example with experimental data. Then, the equations are solved numerically and the results are studied and discussed. The findings show that variables such as root length (as an index of plant species), humidity, soil texture and the other parameters, which appear in the equations, affect the process. Moreover, by the proper selection of plants, the operation provided a model which can predict the result of phytoremediation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Impact of Population Ageing on Environmental Pollution in Iran
Navid Kargar Dehbidi * Mohammad Hassan TarazkarAbstract Background and Objective: The world’s population is ageing and virtually every country in the world is experiencing growth in the number and proportion of older persons in its population. It is predicted that old population will double from 2015 to 2030 i MoreAbstract Background and Objective: The world’s population is ageing and virtually every country in the world is experiencing growth in the number and proportion of older persons in its population. It is predicted that old population will double from 2015 to 2030 in Iran. Actually, more than half of the world’s population lives in urban areas, and urbanization rate is over 70% in Iran. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of population ageing and urbanization on air pollution over the period of 1971 to 2013 in Iran. Method: In this study, based on the results of variables stationary, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach was applied. Findings: The results revealed that the relationship between old population and CO2 emission per capita is inverted U-shaped and statistically significant, and CO2 emission initially increases with the increase of old population and then drops with the increase of old population. Moreover, the results imply that a relative increase in urbanization in the short and long terms is associated with the increase of CO2 emissions per capita. It was also found that gross domestic production and energy consumption per capita positively affect CO2 emissions per capita in the short and long terms. Technological advances have a significant positive effect on per capita CO2 emissions in the long term. Discussion and Conclusion: In this study, according to the urbanization coefficient which has the greatest influence on pollution emissions (3.63 in the long term), the measures should be taken by policymakers to minimize the damage of urbanization growth to the environment. In other words, urban development plans should be designed in harmony with the environmental issues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - 1
محمدکریم جاذبی زاده مهرداد شیرین آبادی -
Open Access Article
39 - 12
سیدمحمد شبیری ان . ان پاهالادا12 -
Open Access Article
40 - 11
محمدکریم جاذبی زاده مهرداد شیرین آبادی11 -
Open Access Article
41 - Determination of ED50 in a Calcareous Soil Contaminated with Different Concentrations of Ni
Mansoureh Malhan Saeid Hojati Naimeh EnayatizamirBackground and Objectives: Soil microbial properties such as biomass, microbial respiration and nitrogen mineralization can be used as indicators to show the stress caused by heavy metal pollution on soil quality. The aim of this study was the measurement soil microbial MoreBackground and Objectives: Soil microbial properties such as biomass, microbial respiration and nitrogen mineralization can be used as indicators to show the stress caused by heavy metal pollution on soil quality. The aim of this study was the measurement soil microbial activity to evaluate the effect of soil Ni contamination on soil quality and determination of ecological dose 50 (ED50). Method: This study was conducted as a factorial experiment in year 2016 based on a randomized completely design with three replications. The experiment factors including Ni concentration in six levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 300 and 600 mg Ni kg-1) and two incubation times (15 and 60 days). Soils sample was spiked uniformly with different concentrations of NiCl2. Microbial respiration, microbial biomass carbon, heterotrophic population and metabolic quotient were measured after incubation times of 15 and 60 days, then according to the results, ED50 was determined by using the dose-response curve. Findings: Soil Nickel contamination on the indicator was significantly effective at P<0.01 level. Heterotrophic population, respiration and microbial carbon biomass decreased significantly (P<0.01) compared to control by increasing the Ni concentration and incubation times, whereas the increase of Ni concentration and incubation times were not significantly affected on metabolic quotient. The minimum amount of microbial respiration, microbial biomass carbon, and the heterotrophic population was observed at the end of incubation times and 600 mg Ni kg-1 with 77.07, 75.72 and 99.99% decrement compared to the control, respectively. ED50 value (mg/kg soil) of microbial respiration, microbial biomass carbon, and heterotroph population increased from 77.55, 78.63, 81.34 to 97.84, 111.04 and 84.67 respectively, with increased incubation time. Discussion and Conclusion: The soil contaminated with Nickel acutely decreased the biological activity of soil and the ecological dose increased with increasing the incubation time, suggesting that toxicity of Ni to soil microbial activity was decreased with increased incubation time. Ni concentration of 100 mgNikg-1 soil can be considered as the critical range of Ni for soil quality at which negative effect was observed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Investigating the Effect of Demographic Variables on Environment Quality Based on STIRPAT Model
Seyed Kamal Sadeghi Sakineh Sojoodi Fahimeh Ahmadzadeh DeljavanBackground and Objective: Population size and composition are the most important factors affecting the quality of the environment. Empirical studies of the impact of demographic factors on pollution emissions have very different results. Identifying the impact of these MoreBackground and Objective: Population size and composition are the most important factors affecting the quality of the environment. Empirical studies of the impact of demographic factors on pollution emissions have very different results. Identifying the impact of these variables on the quality of environment, can play a significant role in formulation and adoption of policies and environmental regulations. Method: Using econometric analysis, STRIPAT model and carbon dioxide emissions data among the D8 group from 1995 to 2010, the impact of demographic variables such as population size, age of population, urbanization and concentration of population and also the impact of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on carbon dioxide emissions have been examined in this study. Results: The results indicate that the population size and concentration of population, have no significant effect on greenhouse gas emissions. On the other hand, the population aged between 15 to 64 years, urbanization, and per capita real income, respectively indicating the greatest impact on carbon dioxide emissions among D8member states. Conclusion:High rate of emissions related to the population raging from 15 to 64 years old in our society is important, because age distribution of the population in this age range has become more concenterated. Since this age range has a high proportion of production, economic growth and energy consumption, it has a high impact on CO2 emissions. Therefore, the environmental damage by users should be reduced to the lowest level through some measurments such as cultural environmental training and energy efficiency increase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Self-Control, Financial Literacy and Consumer Over-Indebtedness (Case Study: Yazd Tire Industries Complex)
Mahmoud Moeinadin Mostafa Kazemi Aliabad forogh heyraniThis research has been designed and implemented to assess the level of financial literacy of workers and to examine the effect of demographic (demographic) characteristics on financial literacy and the effect of financial literacy and self-control on their over-indebted MoreThis research has been designed and implemented to assess the level of financial literacy of workers and to examine the effect of demographic (demographic) characteristics on financial literacy and the effect of financial literacy and self-control on their over-indebtedness. The population of the research includes the personnel of Yazd Tire company and the sample consisted of 170 employees selected by random sampling using Cochran's formula that after distributing the questionnaires and referrals and repeated follow-ups of the researcher, 107 acceptable questionnaires were collected. This study is comprised of three main hypotheses tested using two independent samples t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). In examining the various hypotheses, the results indicate that the workers are generally financially low in literacy. But they are literate in some areas of financial literacy, including savings and savings, spending and borrowing, insurance, and retirement. Also, the effect of self-control on the over-indebtedness of consumers is negative or inverse. Finaly the financial literacy have a negative effect on over-indebtedness and positive effect on self-control in view of financial perspective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - The Demographical Factors Role in Explanation of Retail Investors’ Financial Risk-Tolerance and Their Risk-Taking Behavior
Mohammad Hassan Ebrahimi Sarv Oliya Amin SabunchiAmong the most important concerns of policy makers in monetary and financial markets and particularly in stock exchange are supervising how to make decision and what are the influencing variables on decision making by the activists of this field. The general aim of the MoreAmong the most important concerns of policy makers in monetary and financial markets and particularly in stock exchange are supervising how to make decision and what are the influencing variables on decision making by the activists of this field. The general aim of the current study is to investigate the role of demographic factors in explaining the risk tolerance of real investors and their risk-taking behavior. The main question of this research is to identify the impact of demographic factors such as: gender, age, marital status, education, job status and income on the level of risk tolerance and risk-taking of real investors. The statistical population of the present study was real people who are active on the stock exchange. The sample size was 384 individuals. In addition to expert opinions, factor analysis was used to confirm validity and reliability. Finally, in order to demonstrate the validity of the research model findings, the fitting indexes of structural equation models were used by partial least squares method. The results of current study revealed that the level of risk tolerance and risk taking for men is more than women. In addition, age, education, job status and income have significant effect on level of risk tolerance and risk taking. The results also indicated that marital status has no significant effect on risk tolerance and risk taking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Investigation of human population pressure on environment Case study: Masile basin of Qazvin
Saeed Rashvand Jamal MosaffaieOne of the main causes of land degradation or desertification is pressure of human population onnatural environment for resolve of economic and social problems in short term. For this reason, in thisresearch, human population and its pressure on environment was studied. MoreOne of the main causes of land degradation or desertification is pressure of human population onnatural environment for resolve of economic and social problems in short term. For this reason, in thisresearch, human population and its pressure on environment was studied. The base of research methodwas national project by title" Investigation and mapping of desertification in the Namak lake byrepaired method of FAO & UNEP ". In this method one of the factors affecting land degradation ishuman population pressure on environment that its quality and quantity was studied in sub basin ofQazvin Masile. For study the trend of population of Masile in 1956 and 2006 years (Oldest and newestpopulation data) in the 50 years period were collected and analyzed. Results shows increase area ofsever desertification class and decrease area of low desertification class. Continuing changes in thehuman population can make increase area of very sever desertification degree. Using the results,managers and planners can have appropriate assesment of the population pressure on the environmentand for Sustainable development, they can alter environmental management specially management ofquality and quantity of water resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Locating urban landfill, the city of Kermanshah Case Study
Said Amanpour Jafar Saedi Esmail Soleimani RadUncontrolled urban spread, resulting in Indiscriminate increase urban population Especially inrecent years has increased more than consumption, resulting in increased production of all kinds ofwaste in urban areas have been. The process of municipal solid medical waste MoreUncontrolled urban spread, resulting in Indiscriminate increase urban population Especially inrecent years has increased more than consumption, resulting in increased production of all kinds ofwaste in urban areas have been. The process of municipal solid medical waste urban managementrequirements for for each city that it can be neglected for any city and even villages around the cityis a problem. Including major Iranian city of Kermanshah that many industries are within the scopeof their political that proper disposal of waste in an appropriate area of environmentally andeconomically important to be. Present article an analytical method - Documentary method and itstarget to Locating the city of Kermanshah in landfill through GIS software, which is the mostappropriate place to be determined by the municipal landfill, So that the layers of topography, landuse type, land slope, rural habitats around town, faults, surface water mines and factories Aroundthe town and its distance from the city of Kermanshah is used Each of these layers is just one aspectof the characteristics of a waste excretion demonstrated optimum location They combine with theadvantages and disadvantages each layer and prorated together the best location were determined.To each of these layers through became given weight With AHP model. In the present investigation,five optimal locations for landfill location is the city of Kermanshah. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - اثرات برگ زیتون و پونه بر عملکرد، فراسنجههای خونی و جمعیت میکروبی ایلئومی در جوجههای گوشتی
فاطمه جلال فرد سیامک پارسایی محمد هوشمند رضا نقی ها نجف آبادی -
Open Access Article
48 - اثر منبع کاتیونی و اختلاف آنیون - کاتیون جیره گاو شیری در اوایل شیردهی بر قابلیت هضم شکمبهای، تولید گاز متان و جمعیت میکروبی شکمبه به روش واکنش زنجیرهای پلیمراز رقابتی
یاسر فیض دار برآبادی سید احسان غیاثی محمد باقر منتظر تربتی -
Open Access Article
49 - کارایی عصاره برگ زیتون (.Olea europaea L) به عنوان جایگزین آنتی بیوتیک در تغذیه جوجههای گوشتی
زهرا وزیری محمد هوشمند علی نقی کشتکاران رضا نقی ها نجف آبادی سیامک پارسایی -
Open Access Article
50 - مدیریت و برنامه ریزی ماندگاری جمعیت در سکونتگاه های روستایی شهرستان گرمسار با تاکید بر متغیرهای جغرافیایی- اقتصادی(گردشگری، کشاورزی و صنایع دستی)
احمد صبوری داود حسن آبادی -
Open Access Article
51 - ارزیابی میزان رضایتمندی از تحقق ابعاد شهر دوستدار سالمند از منظر اجتماع محلی (مطالعه موردی: منطقه ۳ کلانشهر کرج)
علی آرایی حسین نظم فر بختیار عزت پناه -
Open Access Article
52 - بررسی ویژگیهای جمعیتی موثر بر میزان مشارکت روستاییان در روند توسعه روستایی (مطالعه موردی شهرستان ایجرود)
علی اکبر عنابستانی حمید شایان علی اکبر تقیلو -
Open Access Article
53 - تحلیل روابط فضایی شهرهای کوچک و روستاهای پیرامونی (مطالعه موردی: شهر گهواره در استان کرمانشاه)
نوذر قنبری -
Open Access Article
54 - تحلیل توزیع فضایی جمعیت استان زنجان طی سالهای 90-1365 و پیش بینی جمعیت تا سال 1404
محسن کلانتری کیومرث یزدان پناه سمیه نوری -
Open Access Article
55 - تحلیل نقش تراکم جمعیت در بزه سرقت در سطح محلات شهری (مطالعه موردی: شهر کرمانشاه)
نوذر قنبری شهرام سعیدی علیرضا زنگنه جعفر معصوم پور سماکوش علی کرباسی -
Open Access Article
56 - سطحبندی سکونتگاههای روستایی بر اساس توانمندیهای اقتصادی و جمعیتی (مطالعه موردی: دهستان سرپنیران- شهرستان پاسارگاد)
علی شکور علی شمسالدینی یوسف شفیعی نجمه طیبی -
Open Access Article
57 - پراکنش جغرافیایی کارایی در بخش سلامت در استانهای ایران با تأکید بر شاخصهای بخش سلامت
سمیرا متقی -
Open Access Article
58 - تبیین ژئوپلیتیک رشد جمعیت و امنیت ملی ایران
علیرضا محرابی روح الله نیکزاد محمد ساسانیپور -
Open Access Article
59 - نقش تصمیمات ملی و منطقهای بر رشد و افزایش جمعیت استان سمنان
حیدر لطفی فریده اعرابی سید مسعود سیادتی -
Open Access Article
60 - ارزیابی پراکنش جمعیت و توزیع خدمات در نواحی شهری با رویکرد توسعه پایدار و عدالت اجتماعی با استفاده از مدلهایVIKOR و TOPSIS، (مطالعه موردی شهر زنجان)
محسن احد نژاد علی زلفی محمد جواد نوروزی -
Open Access Article
61 - مدیریت اراضی رها شده شهری و سامان دهی آنها با الگوی توسعه پایدار شهری (مطالعه موردی شهرسمنان)
مریم اسماعیلیان ناساری دکتر سعید کامیابی دکتر محمدرضا زندمقدم -
Open Access Article
62 - بررسی مسائل مدیریتی حریم کلانشهر تهران در ارتباط با روند فعلی و آتی تحولات کالبدی و جمعیتی
نعمت الله انوری سید جمال الدین دریاباری -
Open Access Article
63 - تحلیلی بر روند تحولات جمعیت شهری استان اصفهان در سه دههی 1365 تا 1385
سید رامین غفاری حمید بحیرایی کبرا گرجی -
Open Access Article
64 - ارزیابی عدالت فضایی در توزیع و توسعه پایدار فضای سبز شهری با استفاده از مدل آنتروپی و ضریب پراکندگی (نمونه موردی: مناطق 10 گانه شهر شیراز)
محمد رحیمی منصور صنیعی عبدالسلام اسماعیلزاده -
Open Access Article
65 - بررسی اثر اسید جیبرلیک و کلرید کلسیم بر حفظ کیفیت و ماندگاری گل های بریده نرگس
مژگان شهدادنژاد علی صالحی ساردویی -
Open Access Article
66 - Apple orchard weeds management by grasses perennial cover crops
بتول صمدانی hekmat EsfandiyariPlanting permanent cover crops is an eco-friendly approach for reducing weed problems without use of chemical. In order to study effect of perennial cover crop, in comparison with annual cover crops, on weed control and weed community structure this research was conduct MorePlanting permanent cover crops is an eco-friendly approach for reducing weed problems without use of chemical. In order to study effect of perennial cover crop, in comparison with annual cover crops, on weed control and weed community structure this research was conducted in an apple orchard interrows for 2 yr in Gazvin province. Treatments were: Festuca ovina, Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perene, Bromus inermis with replant and without replant, Secale cereal and control (without weed control). In the first spring, perennial cover crops and S. cereal reduced weeds dry weight 70 and 100%, respectively, and in the second spring perennial cover crops in average and S. cereal reduced weeds dry weight 58 and 94%, respectively. In the second year Bromus inermis and Festuca ovina reduced weeds dry weight 10 and 30% more than other perennial cover crops. Replant needed for establishment of perennial cover crops. Cover crops treatments had effect on weed community structure, as weed composition in the end of second year in Bromus inermis and Festuca arundinacea was different from control. However, weed composition in Lolium perene and F. ovina was same as control. Perennial cover crops can be an effective weed management in organic orchards. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - The effect of low and high input cultivation systems on weed production and diversity in wheat production fields of Qazvin province, Iran
Fatemeh Pourkarimi Saeideh Maleki Farahani Mostafa Oveisy Mohamadreza ChaichiTo evaluate the population and diversity of weeds in wheat fields in Qazvin, Iran, an experiment was conducted during 2015-2016 growing season. A net sampling method was employed to take samples from 9 fields of 3-hectar area which were managed either in dry farming, no MoreTo evaluate the population and diversity of weeds in wheat fields in Qazvin, Iran, an experiment was conducted during 2015-2016 growing season. A net sampling method was employed to take samples from 9 fields of 3-hectar area which were managed either in dry farming, no-tillage, or irrigated systems. Samples were taken at two growing stages when wheat plants were at tillering and when they reached full stem growth stage. The highest population and diversity of weeds was observed in dry farming system and the lowest was seen in irrigated system. The frequency of weed population was lowest in no-till system. The highest grain yield (6231 kg/ha) and total dry matter (18580 kg/ha) was measured in irrigated system, and the lowest grain yield (2078 kg/ha) and total dry matter (60180 kg/ha) was obtained in dry farming system, respectively. Based on the low weed population and a grain yield of 5830 kg/ha in no-till system, it seems that this production system is economically and environmentally justifiable for wheat production in Qazvin Provence, Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - The Relationship of Usage of Cognitive-Meta Cognitive Strategies and Demographic Characteristics with Studentsâ Academic Performances
Nahid Babaieamiry Mohammad Bagher Kajbaf Mohammad Mehdi Mazaheri Gholam Reza Manshaee Hooshang TalebiThis study was to determine the relationship between cognitive-meta cognitive strategies and students' academic performances, discipline, occupation, drug use and the number of their probation semesters. Method of study was descriptive and correlation. Statistical popul MoreThis study was to determine the relationship between cognitive-meta cognitive strategies and students' academic performances, discipline, occupation, drug use and the number of their probation semesters. Method of study was descriptive and correlation. Statistical population included all students in the first semester of Azad University, Yadegar-e-Emam RH Branch (Ray city) in 2013-2014. (N=22904). Sample was selected by random stratified sampling method (N=378). Personal information and (MSLQ) motivational strategies for learning questionnaires were research instruments. For data analysis, regression, Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test and One–way ANOVA were used. The results indicated that there was a positive significant relationship between usage of cognitive-meta cognitive strategies and academic performance (P < 0.05). Considering students’ occupation, discipline and the number of their probation semesters, there was a significant relationship between students’ cognitive-meta cognitive strategies usage and their academic performances (P < 0.05). But considering gender and drug usage, there was no significant relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - The Comparison of Personality Traits in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients with Normal Matched Group in Shiraz City
nowshad ghasemiAbstract The aim of this study was to comparison of personality traits between patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and normal matched group. An ex-post- facto design were used and subjects were 35 (21 female and 14 male in 14-65 old age range) IBS patients dia MoreAbstract The aim of this study was to comparison of personality traits between patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and normal matched group. An ex-post- facto design were used and subjects were 35 (21 female and 14 male in 14-65 old age range) IBS patients diagnosed by gastroenterologist and normal matched group. Short form of NEO (Haghshenas, 2004) inventory and a checklist applied as measures of personality traits and demographic information. Data were analyzed with independent t-testis and chi square and indicated that IBS patients significantly are higher in neuroticism and lower in extroversion than normal group (p < .01). Although no significant differences were found in openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness between tow group. Also were found that there are some relations between IBS and demographic status such as order of birth, marital status, and age (p < .05). It seems that personality traits have an important role in severity and duration of symptoms in IBS patients. Key words: Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Personality Traits, Demographic Status. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - The Role of Demographic Variables in PredictingMental Health Among the Physically Disabledin Isfahan City
اعظم مرادی مهرداد کلانتر مرضیه سادات معتمدیAbstract The purpose of this research was to determine the share of each employment status, marital status, education, degree of disability and gender variables in predicting the mental health of the physically disabled. The subjects consisted of members of Isfaha MoreAbstract The purpose of this research was to determine the share of each employment status, marital status, education, degree of disability and gender variables in predicting the mental health of the physically disabled. The subjects consisted of members of Isfahani Society of the Disabled who had been randomly selected. To assess the mental health of the physically disabled, the General Health questionnaire ( GHQ - ) was used. The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that employment status can significantly predict the rate of mental health in the physically disabled (p= ) and adding the marital status variable to employment status variable increases significantly the predicting power of their mental health (p= ) but adding any one ok education degree of disability and gender variables to the employment status and marital status variables can not increase significantly the predicting power of the mental health in the physically disabled. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - The compare between divorced women's quality of life and undivorced women in Shiraz city and the study of Relationship between demographic variables of divorced women and their quality of life
لیلا حفاریان اصغر آقایی محمد باقر کجباف منوچهر کامکارThe aim of this research was compare between divorced women's quality of life and undivorced women in Shiraz city and study of Relationship between demographic variables of divorced women and their quality of life. Statistics society of this research selected among all MoreThe aim of this research was compare between divorced women's quality of life and undivorced women in Shiraz city and study of Relationship between demographic variables of divorced women and their quality of life. Statistics society of this research selected among all divorced women whom referred to the family court in Shiraz city and 24 months before the starting of this research their definite divorce verdict had been issued and also all undivorced women whom lived normally with their husbands. In this regard were selected availably sabject method 65 people among divorced women and also 63 people among undivorced women whom were the same aspects in view of age criteria, level of education and living places. Research tool include questionnaire conclude 26 question about the quality of life which has been provided by world health organization=α) 0.68) and another questionnaire of demographic had been made by researchers herself. Yielded data were analyzed by statistical analysis t and F by using the software SPSS11.5. The results showed that the average grades with all its aspects of quality of life (physical health, psychological cognition, social relation and environment of living) of divorced women are lower than undivorced women meaningly. (P < 0.01).in data analyses of between demographic variables , the variables of divorce causes, number of offspring, extention of a common life and the extention of life have not any meaningful relation with dimensions of quality of life, but in the education variable, and in the age variable (of recognition dimension and social relation), there is meaningful statistical differences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Prediction of marital conflict through the personality,psychological and demographic characteristics of spouses
سمیه شاهمرادی مریم فاتحی زاده احمد احمدیThe purpose of this research was to predict marital conflicts (of divorce prone and normal couples) through personality, psychological and demographic characteristics. Method of research was correlation and ex-post facto one and the statistical population was divorce pr MoreThe purpose of this research was to predict marital conflicts (of divorce prone and normal couples) through personality, psychological and demographic characteristics. Method of research was correlation and ex-post facto one and the statistical population was divorce prone and normal couples. For normal and divorce prone couples, each one included 60 persons, who were selected by two- stage cluster sampling method. The assessment tools included a Big-Five-Factor Personality Questionnaire (Costa & McCrae, 1989), the Symptom Check-List-90 (SCL-90) (Derogatis et. al., 1973) and a Demographic Questionnaire (made by researcher). The data were analyzed using independent sample t-test and stepwise regression analysis (logistic). The results showed that divorce prone and normal couples were significantly different in terms of neuroticism, openness to experience and conscientiousness and all nine subscales of SCL-90 (P < 0/05). From all of the personality, psychological and demographic variables, neuroticism, depression, paranoid thoughts, number of children, type of marriage and income could significantly predict marital conflict. Prediction of marital conflict Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - The relationship of love and belief in vilayat-e-faqih with psychological well-being, psychological distress, anxiety and depression during the Corona pandemic among the general population of Iran
Seyedeh Asma HosseiniThe main purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between love and belief in vilayat-e-faqih with psychological well-being, psychological distress, anxiety and depression during the Corona pandemic. The statistical population included all Iranian peo MoreThe main purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between love and belief in vilayat-e-faqih with psychological well-being, psychological distress, anxiety and depression during the Corona pandemic. The statistical population included all Iranian people in the age range of 18 to 65 years, and finally, 847 volunteers from the general population of the country who were randomly selected were included in the study and completed questionnaires of Love and Belief in the leader (Hosseini, 2022) the Mental Health Scale (Besharat, 2009), the Patient Health Questionnaire (Kroenke & et al., 2001) and the General Anxiety Questionnaire (Spitzer & et al., 2006). To analyze the data, Spearman's correlation coefficient was used with the help of SPSS version 26. The results of the research showed that love and belief in vilayat-e-faqih had a negative and significant relationship with anxiety, depression and psychological distress. Also, the relationship between love and belief in vilayat-e-faqih and psychological well-being was positive and significant. Considering the high and deep effects of vilayat-e-faqih on people's psychological life and beneficial effects which can increase psychological well-being, it is necessary to pay more attention to this variable in psychological researches and to use its effects and blessings as a component to improve mental health and prevent mental problems in educational programs and interventions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Investigating the Application of Components in Management of Human Relations by Principals of Middle Schools in Isfahan from Teachersâ Viewpoints
mahammadali nadi parivash jafari nadergholi ghooryanThe aim of this study is to investigate the application of components in the management of human relationship by principals of middle schools in Isfahan from teachers’ viewpoints. The method of the study is of survey-descriptive, and the statistical universe consists MoreThe aim of this study is to investigate the application of components in the management of human relationship by principals of middle schools in Isfahan from teachers’ viewpoints. The method of the study is of survey-descriptive, and the statistical universe consists of all the teachers of schools in Isfahan. The sample includes individuals selected by multi-phase random clustering. The tool was the a questionnaire for human relationship skills by Reis and Brendet. validity and reliability arrangment Reliability and validity was used to analyze the data from uni-variate t test and multivariate variance. The results showed that the resulting mean scores for the managers’ - human relationship skills (ie. communication skill, self-awareness, self-acceptance, provocation, trust, self-revelation, opposition management) analysis statistics was above the average . Indicating a significant difference only in the component of opposition management based on gender, and the mean of respondents’ views about managers applying the components of human relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Assessing the degree of coordination and compliance of the intended curriculum, implemented with the acquired knowledge of the family and population knowledge course in order to approximate between these three programs
Ali Zarei Marzieh dehghaniThe purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of coordination and compliance of the intended curriculum, implemented with the acquired knowledge of family and population in order to approximate between these three programs. This research is applied in terms of MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of coordination and compliance of the intended curriculum, implemented with the acquired knowledge of family and population in order to approximate between these three programs. This research is applied in terms of practical purpose in the education system. The research method in the intended curriculum section was content analysis technique in which the objectives of the textbook were matched with the objectives of the upstream document. In the implemented curriculum section, a qualitative research method of phenomenological type was used and family and population knowledge classrooms were analyzed. In the obtained curriculum section, a qualitative research method of phenomenological type was used. The research field included undergraduate students of the Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Tehran, who were included in the research by purposive sampling. The results showed that there is a good correspondence between the goals of the upstream document and the goals of the family knowledge book and the population of the second edition. It seems that the content of this lesson has been expressed by the teachers in a practical way in the classroom, which shows the curriculum acquired in the students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Intestinal histopathological investigation and microbial population diversity in rats consuming malt beverage and Rye-based beverage containing microencapsulated Lactobacillus casei
Shadi Rokhsartalab azar parvaneh jafari Amir Tukmehchi Hassan MalekinejadIntroduction & Objective: The need of human society is drawn towards healthier and more useful foods and the food industry is expected to pay attention to this need. This study was conducted with the aim of adding encapsulated Lactobacillus Casei to rye drink and in MoreIntroduction & Objective: The need of human society is drawn towards healthier and more useful foods and the food industry is expected to pay attention to this need. This study was conducted with the aim of adding encapsulated Lactobacillus Casei to rye drink and investigating the diversity of the bacterial population and intestinal histopathology in the rat animal modelMaterials & Methods: Lactobacillus Casei was encapsulated with a concentration of 2% sodium alginate polymer by emulsion method. After adding a standard dose of encapsulated bacteria to rye drink, in vivo experiments were performed on 4 groups of adult male rats as: control, malt drink, rye drink, and rye drink with probiotics. Animals received the recommended beverages for 28 days. Bacterial population diversity was done by molecular method (PCR-DGGE) and histopathological examination using staining (H&E).Results: There was bacterial diversity in the intestinal contents of the studied rats, and the highest population composition related to Lactobacillus Casei was detected in the intestinal contents of rats that received rye drink with probiotics. Also, histopathological studies did not have negative results in any of the groups.Conclusion: The results of this research show that the use of microencapsulation technique can increase the shelf life of Lactobacillus Casei in the intestine. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Human diginity and Social gnosis in the Light of Sustainable Social Security
Mohamadmehdi Hoseinmoradi Hasan Khosravi Reza Mousazadeh Mojtaba BabaiiRespect for human dignity, especially the elderly and the degradation of their status and the need to help vulnerable groups has led to While social security is one of the vital, main and comprehensive needs of human beings, its value and position in the context of soci MoreRespect for human dignity, especially the elderly and the degradation of their status and the need to help vulnerable groups has led to While social security is one of the vital, main and comprehensive needs of human beings, its value and position in the context of social mysticism discourse and its spiritual validity should be increased. In their research, the authors of the article, using the analytical-descriptive method and using library studies, intend to explain the issue of serving the poor in the framework of mystical and moral understanding. Research findings indicate that the mystical understanding of social security is strategic in order to pay more attention to helping the needy and setting related goals in the field of international welfare law. At the end of the discussion, the present article intends to address the issue of mystical capacities and teachings by referring to the establishment of sustainable social security. Because the establishment of justice and the establishment of mental well-being of the poor and the prevention of the grief of the elderly and their assistance introduces a part of the historical missions in the field of social mysticism in the world today. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Biology of Heart moth, Dicycla oo in the Fars province (Iran)
Seyed Asghar ALEHOSEIN Seyed Hasan SAADATI Hasan ALEMANSOURThe Heart moth, Dicycla oo (L.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), attacked a part of oak forests in Fars province of Iran in recent years. The larvae severely feed on buds and sprouts and cause the tree to be defoliated from leaves. The pest biological characteristic was studie MoreThe Heart moth, Dicycla oo (L.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), attacked a part of oak forests in Fars province of Iran in recent years. The larvae severely feed on buds and sprouts and cause the tree to be defoliated from leaves. The pest biological characteristic was studied in the Moordak region of the Kazeroon district during 2004-2007. The results showed that the pest had only one generation in a year. The life of the pest in egg stage was spent beneath the egg scales which had the same color to the oak barks in a part of spring, whole summer and winter. The neonate larvae appeared on the swelling buds from the first half of the March. The duration of embryonic period, larval stages, pre-pupae, pupae and adult longevity took long (320±8.37), (25±2.12), (3±0.34), (8±0.84), and (10±0.71) days respectively. The sex ratio was estimated 1:1 in laboratory and field conditions. The male and female adult longevity was determined 7 and 9 days, respectively. The first moths appeared in the late of April. The peak of moth’s flight occurred on 30th April to 9th May. The morphological characteristics including oviposition rate, body dimensions, head capsule width, pupae body dimensions, and adults were measured. The Male and female moths after forming was sent to Dr. Michael Fibiger in Denmark for confirmed of genus and species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Study of population dynamics of oak tortrix moth (Tortrix viridana) and its natural enemies in Fars province
Sayed Asghar Alehossein Sayed Hasan Saadati Habiballah Hamzeh ZarghaniTortrix viridana is a serious pest of oaks in the Kamfirooz oak forests.Oak bud tortricid (Tortrix viridana) has five larval instars in Kamfirooz oak forests. The pest overwinters as diaposed eggs. The first larval instar emergence coincides with tree budburst when they MoreTortrix viridana is a serious pest of oaks in the Kamfirooz oak forests.Oak bud tortricid (Tortrix viridana) has five larval instars in Kamfirooz oak forests. The pest overwinters as diaposed eggs. The first larval instar emergence coincides with tree budburst when they enter bud scales. First instar larvae appear between 10th to late march, depending on weather condition. Weather parameters such as low temperature at the time of egg hatching determine losses of the pest to the host tree. First, second, third, fourth and fifth instars of the pest take 4-7, 5-8, 5-8, 6-12 and 7-14 days respectively. Pest larvae make their feeding sites by attaching leaves in clusters through webbing. Larvae suspend themselves from a fine silken thread until they find a suitable feeding site and when there is a crowd of larvae on the some branches of the trees, larval movement between trees through hanging can be facilitated by wind. Many predators including spiders, ants, beetles and occasionally birds feed on pest larvae. The pest finishes its larval stages between 26 and 47 days (with an average 31.5 days). Pupal stage lasts 1-2 weeks. Trees can offset pest damages after pest outbreak, provided rainy winter precede, but if pest outbreak occurs in a year with low precipitation followed by a dry and hot summer, high losses due to pest will be unavoidable. Egg, larva, pupa and adult temporal distribution frequencies were 72.61, 10.14, 2.73, and 14.52 percent respectively. Direction had no significant effect on pest damage. Pest moths emerge during late April up through mid may. Moth population reaches its peak within 2-3 weeks after its appearance, and gradually disappears after its unimodal peak. Swarming as a social phenomenon may be observed during the emergence of adults. Twenty species of Aranidae belong to more than 7 families including Lycacidae, Oplinoidae, Clubionidae, Araneidae, Ulobridae, Phomicidae, Salticidae, four species of Coleoptera including Tenebrionidae (one unidentified species) and three coccinellids (Coccinellidae) as well as four species of Hymenoptera were among frequently collected natural enemies of the pest. Population dynamics of Exochomus quadripustulatus, one of the important coccinellids was also studied in sampling plots. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Seasonal population fluctuations of the cabbage white butterfly, Pierisrapaein cauliflower fields of the South of Tehran
Gholamhosein Hasanshahi Zahra Dousti Fatemeh Jahan Alireza Askarianzadeh Jaber Karimi Habib AbbasipurThe cabbage white butterfly, Pierisrapae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lep.: Pieridae) is one of the most important pests of Cruciferous or Brassicaceaefamily plants in regions of Shahriar, Kahrizak and Sahr’e Ray and every year its damage can be seen on the leaves of these p MoreThe cabbage white butterfly, Pierisrapae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lep.: Pieridae) is one of the most important pests of Cruciferous or Brassicaceaefamily plants in regions of Shahriar, Kahrizak and Sahr’e Ray and every year its damage can be seen on the leaves of these plants. In order to study the seasonal population fluctuation of P. rapae, One hectare cauliflower field in the middle of a large field was randomly selected in five regions of cauliflower fields in southof Tehran were chosen and sampled every 10 days. Each plant was presumed as a sampling unit and sample size was determined as 20 host plants and all eggs, larvae and pupa on the host plant were recorded. Results of this study showed that Jahanabad and Shahed fields had the highest egg density (18.91±5.60) and the lowest egg density (16.53±4.04) was seen in the Playin field during season. In the Shahed field, highest egg density occurred in June 19 and the lowest egg density was seen on October 25. In the Playin field, the highest and lowest egg density was seen on September 29 and June 19, respectively. In the Jahanabad field the highest (2.99±0.66) and lowest (0.41±0.10) larval density was occurred during the season among different regions. Highest density was observed in the Jahanabad field during the harvest time on October 25 and the lowest larval density was seen on June 19. The highest and lowest larval density was seen in the field of Playin on 25rd October and 19th June, respectively. Kahrizak (0.87±0.16) and Playin (0.19±0.05) fields had the highest and lowest pupal density in different regions during the season. In the field of Kahrizak, highest pupal density was occurred on 25rd October and in the playin field, the lowest pupal density was seen on 19th June. In the Playin field, highest density of pupae was occurred on 14th October and 25rd October and the lowest density of pupae was observed on 19th June and 2th July, respectively. The results showed that number of larval and pupal stages based on units density, between all experimental regions and Shahed university station had not significant difference. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Species Diversity and Population Fluctuation of Heteroptera Predators in Rice Fields of Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran
Hassan Ghahari Hadi Ostovan Mehrdad TabariThe predator bugs (Heteroptera) are one of the powerful natural enemies in almost agro-ecosystems which have important role in biological control programs. In attention to presence of diverse pests in rice fields and importance of this crop as the main food in Northern MoreThe predator bugs (Heteroptera) are one of the powerful natural enemies in almost agro-ecosystems which have important role in biological control programs. In attention to presence of diverse pests in rice fields and importance of this crop as the main food in Northern Iran, species diversity and population fluctuation of predator bugs were studied in rice fields of Mazandaran province through 2005 - 2006. In a total, 20 species of predator bugs were collected and identified from rice fields of Mazandaran province. Of the collected species, eight species including, Oncocephalus pilicornis Reuter, Oncocephalus plumicornis (Germar), Reduvius pallipes Klug, Rhynocoris iracundus (Poda) and Coranus cf. niger Rambur of family Reduviidae, Stenodema calcaratum (Fieb.), Orthotylus flavosparsus (C.Sahlb.) of family Miridae, and Brachynema puncticornis Rt. of family Pentatomidae are newly recorded from Iran. The results of population fluctuation indicated that the density of predator bugs increases through the crop season gradually, but application of insecticides causes damage to the density population severely. Also, the population density of predator bugs was varied through a day; the most abundant of population was obtained in hours 10 and 18, because of moderate climate. These beneficial insects rest beyond the rice seedlings and among the weeds around the fields through the hours 12 - 16, because of high temperature and humidity in rice fields. The results of population density of predator bugs on three rice varieties including, Fajr, Khazar, and Nemat indicated that highest density was obtained from Fajr and there was not significant difference between the two other varieties. Since the Fajr is a sensitive variety to C. suppressalis and the pest population density on it is higher than other studied varieties, there is higher density of heteropteran predators on this variety than the two others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - The spatial distribution pattern of immature stages of the tomato fruit-worm Helicoverpaarmigera (Lep.: Noctuidae) in Gorgan district
Mehdi Shabanipor Ali Afshari Mohsen Yazdanian Saeid Ghadiriradtomato pests, such as tomato fruitworm, Helicoverpaarmigera Hünber (Hym: Eurytomidae), cause high reduction in tomato production, but nosampling program for population estimate and management of them has been developed. Spatial distribution of immature stages of th Moretomato pests, such as tomato fruitworm, Helicoverpaarmigera Hünber (Hym: Eurytomidae), cause high reduction in tomato production, but nosampling program for population estimate and management of them has been developed. Spatial distribution of immature stages of the tomato Fruit-wormwas determined by fitting data to either taylor’s, iwao’s, mean_variance ratio, k and morisita calculating dispersion indices, during 2008 and 2009 growing seasons in tomato fields of Gorgan, Spatial distribution immature (egg and larvae) is a random. Based on R2 and p-values of regression analysis, for most of the natural enemy groups, Taylor’s power law generally provided a more adequate description of variance/mean relationships than Iwao’s patchiness regression model. The median part of plant were fitted most value of Taylor’s b index. Percentage fit of immature stages the dispersion more random ratio bionominal value of morisita, k and mean-variance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Responses of hoary cress (Cardaria draba L. Desv) populations to salinity stress
Marjan DIYANAT -
Open Access Article
84 - Population density of Eurygaster integriceps (Het., Scutelleridae) and spatial distribution pattern of its nymphs on irrigated wheat field in Chadegan city
Zahra Doosti Naser Moeini-Naghadeh Abbas Ali Zamani Leila NaderlooThe Sunn-pest, Eurygaster integriceps Put., is the most important insect pest of wheat and barley in Chadegan city, in Isfahan province. This study was conducted on a farm with an area of one hectare in 2015 and 2016 in Chadegan county. In this research with sampling re MoreThe Sunn-pest, Eurygaster integriceps Put., is the most important insect pest of wheat and barley in Chadegan city, in Isfahan province. This study was conducted on a farm with an area of one hectare in 2015 and 2016 in Chadegan county. In this research with sampling regular population fluctuation and spatial distribution nymphal stage different by using Taylor’s power law and Iwao’s patchiness regression was calculated. Based on the results of Taylor’s power law in 2015 (except 5 nymphal stage) and 2016 the spatial distribution of nymphal instars different, was determined aggregated. In Iwao’s patchiness regression, the spatial distribution of nymphal stages different in 2015, was determined aggregated and in 2016 the spatial distribution except 3 and 4 nymphal instars, was determined aggregated. Upon the results of this research, appearance date 1st to 5th nymphal instars in 2015 were observed in 10th, 16th, 16th, 19th and 26th May respectively. appearance date 1st to 5th nymphal instars in 2016 were observed in 18th, 21th, 23th, 31th May and 4th Jun respectively. Maximum density population 2nd nymphal instar that is the best time for control sunn pest was observed in 2015 and 2016, 30th may (2.43±0.65) and 4th Jun, respectively Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - An overview of site-specific based models of weeds
rahman khakzad Rasoul Loghmanpour Zarini Yosef Ramezani Abokheyli Heydar Ghasemi Zarin AbadiSite-specific weed management (SSWM) is a strategy of varying weed management within a crop field to match the variation in location, density and composition of the weed population. This concept is based on three facts: 1) weed populations are often irregularly distribu MoreSite-specific weed management (SSWM) is a strategy of varying weed management within a crop field to match the variation in location, density and composition of the weed population. This concept is based on three facts: 1) weed populations are often irregularly distributed within crop fields, 2) new sensors and platforms together with geospatial technologies (e.g., GPS, GIS) have provided the tools required to detect and map weeds, and 3) new smart sprayers, robots and mechanical cultivators have provided the possibility of careful tailoring of weed management to fit the different conditions found in each field. Site-specific weed management has a real potential to deliver a more productive and sustainable agricultural production based on a more precise and resource-efficient approach. This paper reviews the major conceptual approaches and specifications for the design of site-specific weed management decision support systems (SSWM-DSS), recent advances in the use of remote and ground platforms and sensors for information gathering and processing, and initial experiences translating this information into chemical and physical weed control actuations through decision algorithms and models. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Population Dynamics of the Gypsy Moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in Yasouj
Karim SaeidiA research was conducted in Yasouj region to determine population dynamics of the gypsy moth in 2006 and 2007. Also it was aimed to calculate the correlation coefficient between the population densities of 2006 and 2007, in order to build a predictive model for the pest MoreA research was conducted in Yasouj region to determine population dynamics of the gypsy moth in 2006 and 2007. Also it was aimed to calculate the correlation coefficient between the population densities of 2006 and 2007, in order to build a predictive model for the pest. The number of overwintering egg masses was counted during the winter months in ten different orchards. The number of egg masses of the pest was recorded at weekly intervals in ten orchards during the growth seasons in 2006 and 2007. Results indicated that the egg mass densities were 1.71 ± 0.2 and 2.88 ± 0.3 per fifty squares meter and 342 ± 22 and 576 ± 37 egg masses per hectare in winters 2006 and 2007, respectively. Regression analysis of the pest population density in 2006 and 2007 indicated that only 32.37% of the 2007 population variance could be accounted for the population density in 2006. It was obvious that more than 68% of the population changes are under the influence of unknown biotic and abiotic environmental factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Population dynamics of cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae and identification of its natural enemies in canola farms in the North of Fars province
Iman Khazdouzi Nejad Jamali Majid Fallahzadeh Abufazel DoustiAccording to this research the population dynamics of cabbage aphid andidentification the natural enemies in canola farms in the north of the Fars province that have been done during the years 2009 – 2010. Three species of aphids have been known; Myzus persica Sul MoreAccording to this research the population dynamics of cabbage aphid andidentification the natural enemies in canola farms in the north of the Fars province that have been done during the years 2009 – 2010. Three species of aphids have been known; Myzus persica Sulzer, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.)and Aphis gossypii Glover. The cabbage aphid was the dominate species with 75.5% abundance. M. persicae and A. gossypii with 16.5% and 8% relative abundance in order were in the second ranges. Also in order to consider the population dynamics of cabbage aphid in the selected farms with 2 hectare spaces for each, gathering 30 leaves regularly by random from canola bushes weekly. So on the basis of these samplings it has been considered that the aphid population began at the middle of March until the middle of May at the time of blossom and sheathes was at the highest point, with the average temperature 7.5ºC daily and 77% R.H. Also regarding the natural enemies, 13 species of predatory and 1 species of parasitoid in the Coccinelledae, Syrphidae, Chrysopidae and Braconidae families have been gathered. This study revealed that in the canola farms the peak of natural enemies density occurred after the aphid's population peak of the late growing season. The most abundant predators were as follow: Coccinella septempunctata (L.), Scaeva albomaculata (Macquart 1842) and Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens 1836). Also a species of parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh 1855) has been found. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - The spatial distribution pattern of cereal aphid Sitobion avenae (Hem., Aphididae) in wheat fields of Dehloran
Mehdi Shabanipour Azizollah Mokhtari Fatemeh BidarnamaniSitobion avenae (F.) is an important species infesting wheat spikes in region Dehloran, Iran. To evaluate the spatial distribution of O. avenae on wheat, weekly samplings were carried out from five winter wheat fields around Dehloran throughout 2010-2011. Spatial distri MoreSitobion avenae (F.) is an important species infesting wheat spikes in region Dehloran, Iran. To evaluate the spatial distribution of O. avenae on wheat, weekly samplings were carried out from five winter wheat fields around Dehloran throughout 2010-2011. Spatial distribution of different developmental stages and morphs of the aphid were described by fitting data to Poisson (random) and negative binomial (clumped) distributions. Based on R2 and F of regression analysis, Taylor’s power law provided a more adequate description of variance/mean relationships than Iwao’s patchiness regression model, and the b values ranged from 1.102 (alate adults) to 1.463 (apterous adults). Other distribution indexes and spatial distribution models showed the cumulative distribution of aphid population on clusters and fitting to negative binominal distribution in many section of season. Mature winged aphids were more likely to show a random distribution compared to other developmental stages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Population dynamics and density of the common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) on two pistachio cultivars, Badami-riz Zarand and Momtaz
Faezeh Najafpour Mohammad Reza Mehrnejad Majid FallahzadehThe common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt & Lauterer is known as the major pest in the pistachio plantation areas of Iran. The psyllid’s density on different pistachio cultivars is usually varied. Density and population dynamics of A. pistac MoreThe common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt & Lauterer is known as the major pest in the pistachio plantation areas of Iran. The psyllid’s density on different pistachio cultivars is usually varied. Density and population dynamics of A. pistaciae were monitored at field condition on Badami-riz Zarand and Momtaz as two native and local pistachio cultivars in Zarand vicinity, Kerman province, South of Iran. Results showed that the psyllid nymphs’ density on Momtaz was larger than on Badami-riz Zarand through the whole sampling time from April to October significantly. Psyllid nymphs’ density was grown up from late July, however this trend was drastically high from August and afterward. In addition the adult psyllid abundance was 3 times larger on Momtaz cultivar twigs than Badami-riz Zarand through the growing seasons. The relative abundances of adult psyllid on yellow sticky traps in the Momtaz pistachio orchard was significantly larger than the Badami-riz Zarand orchard, however the fluctuations’ trends were similar at both orchards. The population dynamics and density of A. pistaciae on two pistachio cultivars were compared and discussed in present article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - An abundance study of Thrips tabaci (Thys.: Thripidae) on different genotypes of eggplant in Varamin region, Iran
Parvaneh Baradaran Masoud Arbabi Shahab Manzari Horyeh RezaiAbundance of Thrips tabaci Lind., an important pest of vegetables, was investigated on upper and lower leaves of different genotypes of eggplant, including Siah-Mashhad, Borazjan, Black beauty, Siah-Neyshabour, Zabul indigenous, Imami-905, Juybar-Mazandaran, Sarkhoun-Ho MoreAbundance of Thrips tabaci Lind., an important pest of vegetables, was investigated on upper and lower leaves of different genotypes of eggplant, including Siah-Mashhad, Borazjan, Black beauty, Siah-Neyshabour, Zabul indigenous, Imami-905, Juybar-Mazandaran, Sarkhoun-Hormozgan and Galami-Varamin, during 2000-2001 in Varamin region. Eggplant seedlings were cultivated in May in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Each replication consisted of four rows of 10 plants. Five leaves were randomly sampled at weekly intervals until October to estimate the incidence and population fluctuation of T. tabaci. The number of thrips was counted on the surface of four square centimeters of leaves using a binocular microscope. All analyses and comparisons were carried out using statistical package SAS. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the number of thrips on upper and lower leaves, so that the number of thrips on lower leaves were several times higher than that of on upper leaves. Borazjan and Juybar-Mazandaran with the mean number of 1.55 and 0.86 had the highest population in 2000 and 2001, respectively. In complex analysis, there was no significant difference between the thrips abundance on lower and upper leaves. Incidence of thrips faced with increase from June, and the maximum number was recorded in early until late July in both years. The results indicated that, a trend of increase initiated from late June in Varamin. Borazjan had more thrips than other genotypes and the thrips abundance in the first year was two times of the second year. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - The effects of climatic conditions on seasonal population fluctuation of date palm scale Parlatoria blanchardi Targ. (Hem.: Dispididae)
Masoud Latifian Mahshid ZaeraePalatoria blanchardi Targ. is an important of date palm in Iran. The population was monitored monthly by leaf sampling during 4 years (2000-2004). Sample unit was 3 leaves that taken from 3 strata of the palm canopy of ten trees. Weather data (temperature and relative h MorePalatoria blanchardi Targ. is an important of date palm in Iran. The population was monitored monthly by leaf sampling during 4 years (2000-2004). Sample unit was 3 leaves that taken from 3 strata of the palm canopy of ten trees. Weather data (temperature and relative humidity) were obtained from Abadan meteorology station. Correlation analysis and sigmoid models including Monomolecular, Logistic, Gompertz, Weibull and Richard models were used to study the relationship between population density and weather parameters. Pest activities started in March and population increased by increasing of temperature and humidity. Result showed that there were three overlapping periods of activities in field. The first, second and third periods of activities started in April, September and December respectively. The first period was longest and the third period was shortest. There was significant correlation between population abundance and weather condition including temperature and relative humidity. The order of relative influences of climatic factors on seasonal population fluctuation showed that the effect of temperature was greater than the effect of relative humidity. The highest population occurred when temperature was between 16 º C and 24 º C and relative humidity was between 42 and 63 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Population dynamics of weevil Hypolixus pica, the natural enemy of wild amaranth, Amaranthus retroflexus, in citrus orchards and identification of its parasitoids in Dezful
Rajabali Pourtaherzari Parviz Shishehbor Rahim IslamizadehWild amaranth, Amaranthus retroflexus L. is one of the dominant summer weeds of citrus orchards in Dezful. Adults and larvae of snout beetle, Hypolixus pica (F.) feed on this weed and decrease its growth and reproduction. Population dynamics of H. pica was studied durin MoreWild amaranth, Amaranthus retroflexus L. is one of the dominant summer weeds of citrus orchards in Dezful. Adults and larvae of snout beetle, Hypolixus pica (F.) feed on this weed and decrease its growth and reproduction. Population dynamics of H. pica was studied during the growing period of wild amaranth in a citrus orchard in Dezful. Every two weeks 30 plants (replications) were sampled and developmental stages of weevil were counted. The population of eggs started at the beginning of May and peaked in mid-July (23 eggs in 30 plants). In early November no eggs were observed. The population of larvae started in mid- May, increased gradually and peaked at the beginning of November (103 larvae in 30 plants). Pupae population started in mid-July and peaked in mid-September (24 pupae in 30 plants). Peak of adult female population was observed in the mid-September while adult male population had two peaks in early October and November. The population of parasitoids started at the beginning of June. The lowest and the peak number of parasitoids occured in early May and mid-August, respectively. The parasitoids Habrobracon hebetor, Eurytoma curculionum and Cyrtoptx sp. had feeding activity on larvae. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Effect of two cotton cultivars on population fluctuations of spider mites (Acari : Tetranychidae)
Seyed Hamid Reza Forghani Hadi Ostovan Javad Shaterian Nazila HonarparvarCotton plant, Gossypium hirsutum L., is one of the most economic crop around the world and in GonbadKavous (located in North of Iran) is an important cotton cropping region. The spider mites (Tetranychus spp., Acari: Tetranychidae) are the most damaging pests on the fie MoreCotton plant, Gossypium hirsutum L., is one of the most economic crop around the world and in GonbadKavous (located in North of Iran) is an important cotton cropping region. The spider mites (Tetranychus spp., Acari: Tetranychidae) are the most damaging pests on the field crops. Use of resistant cultivar is one of the foremost accepted chemical-free techniques for controlling this pest. A two year study was conducted to evaluate resistance of two most-cultivated cultivars, sahel and siokra, against spider mites. The results showed that there was a significant difference in population of spider mites, so that the population on Sahel was more than Siokra for two years studied. The separate population figures for each year recorded 10.3 ± 0.6 eggs and 24.2 ± 1.3 mites on Sahel, 7.4 ± 0.4 eggs and 15.9 ± 0.9 mites on Siokra in first year whereas it was 22.6 ± 2.1 eggs and 35.2 ± 2.6 mites and also 8.6 ± 0.5 eggs and 16.9 ± 1.1 mites in second year for them. Mite’s populations increased from mid-season to the end of growing period. The results showed that effects of ambient temperatures on egg populations and number of active stages of mites was more favorable on Sahel compared with Siokra. Population assessment of mites on these two cultivars can be used in management of the pest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - جایگذاری بهینه ماشینهای مجازی در مراکز داده ابری بر پایه ترکیب الگوریتم جمعیت سالپ چند جمعیتی گسسته و الگوریتم تپهنوردی
ساسان قره پاشا احمد جعفریان محمد مصدری -
Open Access Article
95 - Study on demographic parameters of Trichogramma brassicae (Bezdenko) (Hym., Trichogrammatidae) on three host species in laboratory conditions
A. A. Lashgari A. A. Talebi Y. Fathipour S. FarahaniLife table, reproduction and population growth parameters of Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko were studied on eggs of two laboratory hosts, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller and Sitotroga cerealella Oliver and one natural host species eggs, Helicoverpa armigera Hubner. The expe MoreLife table, reproduction and population growth parameters of Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko were studied on eggs of two laboratory hosts, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller and Sitotroga cerealella Oliver and one natural host species eggs, Helicoverpa armigera Hubner. The experiments were carried out in a growth chamber with temperature of 25±1 °C, 50±5 % relative humidity and a photoperiod of 14L:10D hours. Adult life expectancy were 5.65, 9.45 and 4.95 days on eggs of H. armigera, E. kuehniella and S. cerealella, respectively. Gross fecundity rate of T. brassicae on eggs of E. kuehniella was higher than eggs of two other hosts. Net reproductive rate were 41.98, 55.65 and 42.17 females/female on H. armigera, E. kuehniella and S. cerealella, respectively. Intrinsic rate of increase of T. brassicae on eggs of H. armigera, E. kuehniella and S. cerealella were 0.298, 0.309 and 0.301 females/female/day, respectively. Mean generation time of T. brassicae was longer then on eggs of E. kuehniella. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Investigating seasonal massive population changes of Lobesia botrana Lep.: Tortricidae in Khondab (Arak) by using pheromone traps
sajedeh farzamfar Zahra Rafiei-Karahroodi A. NazariGrapes is one of the most important garden products in the entire world, but in Iran is reduced quality and quantity by Lobesia botrana (Tortricidae: Lepidoptera(. natural products are suite for replacing chemical pesticides. One of this is pheromones for controlling th MoreGrapes is one of the most important garden products in the entire world, but in Iran is reduced quality and quantity by Lobesia botrana (Tortricidae: Lepidoptera(. natural products are suite for replacing chemical pesticides. One of this is pheromones for controlling this pest. This research has been done in 3 replicate, for studying efficiency pheromone traps to study seasonal population changes of L. botranaat three regions: Khondab (Hoseinabad, Jenga and Hesar), Enaj (Tourgir and Dehsad) and Khosbijan (Zalian). For this reason has been done sampling at different dates and places, with Delta yellow and white pheromone traps. The results showed the pest had 3 generation in all regions but there were different number of that Regards to climate. On the other side, both traps were affected on number of catches adults. So for controlling this pest in wild area of grapes, pheromone traps could be suggested in integrated pest management control programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Biology of potato tuber moth, Phthorimea operculella Zeller (Lep.: Gelechidae), on two potato cultivars
M. Shahabi A. RajabpourPotato tuber moth, Phthorimea operculella, is one of the most important pests of potato in Iran. Biology of the pest on two commercial potato cultivars, Sante and Arinda, was studied in Andimeshk, north of Khuzestan province, Iran. Samplings were weekly performed from t MorePotato tuber moth, Phthorimea operculella, is one of the most important pests of potato in Iran. Biology of the pest on two commercial potato cultivars, Sante and Arinda, was studied in Andimeshk, north of Khuzestan province, Iran. Samplings were weekly performed from two separate fields cultivated by two cultivars during two agricultural seasons (2013-2015). Adults and immatures monitoring were done by using sex pheromone trap and direct count respectively. Results showed that adults occurred with two months difference in the first and second agricultural seasons which is related to different means temperature in the two studied seasons. Significant correlation was observed between adult densities and weekly means temperature. First adults appeared on both cultivars in early February and December in the first and second agricultural seasons and peaked at the end of March, respectively. The peaks of egg number were observed at The end of March for the first and second agricultural seasons, respectively. First larvae were observed in early and mid of March in the first and second years. Larvae peaked at The end of March and mid of April for the first and second years, respectively. No considerable difference was observed among occurrence, peak and activity time of the developmental stages of potato tuberworm on The two tested cultivars. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Morphometric comparison of wing characters in a populations, of Apis mellifera L. (Hym., Apidae) in 5 provinces of Iran
F. Yaghout-Nejad E. Soleyman-Nejadiyan R. Radjabi M. Esfandiari N. PalvanehPopulations of honeybees from 5 provinces of Iran were compared using morphometric tecnques. Five workers from each of 10 hives from 3 apicultures belonging to each province were selected randomly. Eight characters of the forewing consisted of length, width, A4 angle, D MorePopulations of honeybees from 5 provinces of Iran were compared using morphometric tecnques. Five workers from each of 10 hives from 3 apicultures belonging to each province were selected randomly. Eight characters of the forewing consisted of length, width, A4 angle, D7angle, G18, cubital index, anal length and ratio of forewing length to width of honeybees were measured and analysed. Results showed that populations of Markazi and Khuzestan provinces were distincthy located in two different places Ι and ΙΙ respectively and populations of Esfahan, Kordestan and Fars provinces had the most similar wing characters and located in place ΙΙΙ. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Population abundance of grape berry moth, Lobesia botrana (Denis et Schiffermuller) (Lep., Tortricidae) and its related crop damage in Orumieh vineyards
Gh. Akbarzadeh ShoukatGrape berry moth, Lobesia botrana (Denis et Schiffermuller) is the main pest of Iran and most vineyards of the world. The pest larva causes yield reduction by feeding on inflorescences and berries. The pest reduces the quality of grape by favoring the growth condition o MoreGrape berry moth, Lobesia botrana (Denis et Schiffermuller) is the main pest of Iran and most vineyards of the world. The pest larva causes yield reduction by feeding on inflorescences and berries. The pest reduces the quality of grape by favoring the growth condition of rot fungus such as Botrytis cinerea as well. The seasonal population abundance and related damage of the pest were investigated for 3 years in 3 main vine growing districts of Orumieh, Iran. The population dynamics and density of the moth were monitored by sex pheromone traps and the damage of inflorescence clusters and fruit bunches were determined by sampling from experimental vineyards in different years and generations. Results showed that the grape berry moth has 3 complete flight periods with an average of 37, 26 and 54 days for 3 generations, respectively. Population abundance was varied between years, districts and generations from 51 to 1647 male moths /trap/generation. There was no significant relationship between population abundance and damaged clusters at different districts and generations during 2 years study. Infestation rate of flower clusters at the first generation varied form 68 to 90 percent with a severity of 1 to 15 larval nests per cluster. In the second and third generations, the infestation rate of fruit bunches varied from 43 to 100 percent and the damaged berries per clusters were from 1 to 63 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - The effect of Teucrium Polium extract on life table of age-bisexual stage of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hom.Aleyrodidae) on two resistant and sensitive cultivars of Lycopersicon esculentum
Masoomeh Samareh Fekri mohammad Amin SamihBemisia tabaci (Gennadius.) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most important pests of crops, greenhouses, and ornamental plants. In this study, the sub-lethal effect of Teucrium polium(Lamark)(Lamiales:Lamiaceae) on parameters of life table age- bisexual stage of B MoreBemisia tabaci (Gennadius.) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most important pests of crops, greenhouses, and ornamental plants. In this study, the sub-lethal effect of Teucrium polium(Lamark)(Lamiales:Lamiaceae) on parameters of life table age- bisexual stage of B. tabaci (Gennadius.) was evaluated on the sensitive cultivar ( Ergon) and resistant cultivar (Cal-JN3) of Lycopersicon esculentum . 2-4 leaves seedlings of L. esculentum from sensitive and resistant cultivar were submerged in methanol extract of T. polium and water+ methanol (control) and were placed in cup cages. 30 imago insects of the same age were released in the cup cage and after 24 hours the imago insects were omitted and the eggs whose age was less than 24 hours were kept. The sexuality of the imago insects exiting these eggs exposed to the contaminated plant was determined and the rate of spawning of the female insect was daily recorded to the last day of its life. The experiment was investigated in a glass greenhouse and 27+ 2 temperature and relative moisture of 50 ± 5 and in lighting conditions of 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness. The results showed that there is a significant difference in the one percent level. The intrinsic value of population increase, reproduction gross rate, and reproduction net rate on the sensitive cultivar (Ergon) and resistant cultivar (cal-JN3) of the L. esculentum treated with T. polium L. was acquired 0.069, 31/43 and 11.03 and 0.061, 18.51 and 6.66 respectively. Generally, in this study conjugate application of resistant plant cultivar and extract caused more loss and considerable reduction of the intrinsic rate of population increase comparing other treatments which subsequently lower the population of B. tabaci. So, the combined application of using resistant cultivar and the herbal extract is considerable in the population control of this pest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Effects of temperature on development, fecundity and life table parameters of Adalia bipunctata (Col: Coccinellidae), the predator of Agonoscena pistaciae)Hom,:Aphalaridae)
N. Vahabzadeh M. R. Mehrnejad Sh. GoldastehThe common pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae, is known as a key pistachio pest in Iran. The two spotted coccinellid, Adalia bipunctata was reported as a psyllophagous beetle and the most abundant predator in pistachio plantations of Rafsanjan, south of Iran. The p MoreThe common pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae, is known as a key pistachio pest in Iran. The two spotted coccinellid, Adalia bipunctata was reported as a psyllophagous beetle and the most abundant predator in pistachio plantations of Rafsanjan, south of Iran. The present research was carried out to examine the influence of temperature on biological parameters of A. bipunctata using psyllid nymphs as diet and under controlled conditions e.g., constant temperatures (ranged from 17.5 to 35°C), 55±5% r.h. and 16L:18D. The reproduction, developmental thresholds, thermal constant and the intrinsic rate of natural increase of this ladybird were all tested. The lower threshold for A. bipunctata while fed on nymphs of A. pistaciae was estimated 13.1. Thermal constant for development of this ladybird from egg to adult was obtained 200°DD (Degree-Day) while reared on nymphs of A. pistaciae. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) and finite capacity for increase were obtained 0.172 and 1.19 respectively. Based on present results, A. pistaciae is considered as a suitable diet for this ladybird. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Efficiency of 1x1 meter quadrat for estimating of over-wintered adults of Eurygaster integriceps Put. (Hem., Scutelleridae) populations in rainfed wheat field
A. Mohseni AminThis research was carried out to evaluate different aspects of one square meter quadrat size to estimate sunn pest over-wintered adults, Eurygaster integriceps Put.(Hem., Scutelleridae) in rainfed wheat field of Borujerd, north of Lorestan province, Iran, during 2003 an MoreThis research was carried out to evaluate different aspects of one square meter quadrat size to estimate sunn pest over-wintered adults, Eurygaster integriceps Put.(Hem., Scutelleridae) in rainfed wheat field of Borujerd, north of Lorestan province, Iran, during 2003 and 2004. Iwao’s regression had higher determination coefficients (r2=0.93) and showed a better fit as compared to r2 values calculated by Taylor’s power law (r2=0.86). Iwao’s patchiness regression slope (β=1.07±0.05) was not significantly larger than 1.0. Consequently, random dispersion pattern was determined for over-wintered adults in rainfed wheat fields. Therefore, Kuno’s fixed precision sequential sampling scheme based on Iwao’s parameters was constructed for overwintered adults of E. integriceps. An additional nine independent data sets, was used to validate the fixed-precision sequential sampling plans with resampling software of RVSP. Sample size curves indicated that estimating over-wintered adult population in rainfed field can be accomplished with a few sampling efforts when population is >2 insects per quadrat. For example only six samples need to be taken for the over-wintered adults, on average to achieve a precision of 0.25 (Dexp=0.25) when =3 insects per quadrat. However, sample sizes increase suddenly when population density is less than 0.3 insects per quadrat. Based on these results, 1*1m quadrat is not recommended to estimate number of over-wintered adults in rainfed wheat field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Study on the population dynamics and spatial distribution of the cucurbit Fly; Dacus ciliatus Loew (Dip., Tephritidae)
M. Barzkar Sh. Goldasteh R. Eslamizadeh B. UsefiThe Cucurbits fly Dacus ciliates (Dip.,Tephritidae) is one of the most important pest on cucurbit crops in different parts of the Khuzestan province, Iran. Population dynamics of the pest was studied on three varieties (Spring cucumber, Armenian cucumber and Fall cucurb MoreThe Cucurbits fly Dacus ciliates (Dip.,Tephritidae) is one of the most important pest on cucurbit crops in different parts of the Khuzestan province, Iran. Population dynamics of the pest was studied on three varieties (Spring cucumber, Armenian cucumber and Fall cucurbit) in Safi Abad agricultural and natural resource research and education center of Dezful, in spring and fall, in 2009. The number of adults caught in yellow sticky traps, the eggs and larvae of different ages were counted weekly in infected fruits. The results showed that there were three population peaks of immature stages in all varieties. The highest number of adults in Spring cucumber caught was 6.65 per trap in middle of Jun and in Armenian cucumber was 4.35 in the late of Jun and in Fall cucurbit was 9.5 adult per trap in the Oct. The Iwao, s Index and Taylor, power law were applied to evaluate spatial distribution of the egg and Immature stages. Results showed that Taylor, s power law gave a better fitness result for egg and Immature stages. The results of this research could be apply in integrated pest management of cucurbit fly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Comparison of the biological characteristics of two local populations of Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hem., Aphididae) on rape seed in laboratory conditions
F. Eskuruchi A. A. Talebi A. Hajgozar Sh. GoldastehThe cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hem., Aphididae) is one of the most important pests of rapeseed and most other crucifera in many parts of the world. In this study, demographic parameters including life table, reproduction and population growth parameters of MoreThe cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hem., Aphididae) is one of the most important pests of rapeseed and most other crucifera in many parts of the world. In this study, demographic parameters including life table, reproduction and population growth parameters of two populations of B. Brassica, collected fromShiraz and Gorgan, were studied. Experiments were conducted in laboratory conditions at 25±1ºC, 60±5% relative humidity and a photoperiod of 16:8 hours (L: D). Data were analyzed according to Jackknife method using SAS and MINITAB statistical softwares. The results indicated that, there was significant difference between mean preimaginal developmental time of aphid in two population of Shiraz and Gorgan (P<0.05). There was a significant difference between mean lifespan of aphid in two population of Shiraz and Gorgan. The life expectancy of newly emerged adults was 7.92 and 9.46 days in two populations of Shiraz and Gorgan, respectively. The gross fecundity rate in Shiraz population was higher than Gorgan population. There was a significant difference between gross fecundity rate in two population of Shiraz and Gorgan (P<0.01). The net reproduction rate was 9.22 and 7.54 females per female per generation in Shiraz and Gorgan population, respectively. The intrinsic rate of increase in two populations of Shiraz and Gorgan were 0.21 and 0.19 females/female/day, respectively. The finite rates of increase were obtained 1.23 and 1.21 days in Shiraz and Gorgan populations, respectively. The mean generation time of aphid was 10.58 and 10.48 days in two populations of Shiraz and Gorgan, respectively. The doubling time of aphid was 3.30 and 3.59 days in Shiraz and Gorgan populations, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - The seasonal population fluctuations of pomegranate fruit moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zeller and quince moth, Euzophera bigella Zeller in pomegranate orchards
N. Naserian H. Farazmand R. Vafaei Shoushtari A. Avand-Faghih N. AzadbakhtThe pomegranate fruit moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zeller, and quince moth, Euzophera bigella Zeller, are the major frugivorous pest. They cause qualitative and quantitative losses of pomegranate fruit. Sexual pheromone traps may provide a real estimation of adult emerg MoreThe pomegranate fruit moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zeller, and quince moth, Euzophera bigella Zeller, are the major frugivorous pest. They cause qualitative and quantitative losses of pomegranate fruit. Sexual pheromone traps may provide a real estimation of adult emergence and flight activity periods, emigration and immigration of such pests. To fulfill such a purpose, an experiment was performed to observe the population fluctuation of E. ceratoniae and E. bigella using synthetic pheromone traps in pomegranate orchards of Tang-e-Siab Koohdasht (Lorestan, Iran), in 2011. Adults of E. ceratoniae and E. bigella appeared in late April and May, respectively, and their flights continued until mid November. These pests populations showed four and three flight peaks during the growth season, respectively. The quince moth's population was higher than on pomegranate fruit moth's population, while the peak of the moth flight was between late July to early August. So in the pomegranate orchards of Lorestan region, in addition to pomegranate fruit moth, quince moth is one of the important fruit pests. The quince moth appears a month later in comparison to pomegranate fruit moth and both are active until the end of the season. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - The population fluctuations of Euzophera bigella (Zeller) and Cydia pomonella (L.) at quince orchards
P. Kermani H. Farazmand J. Karimzadeh A. Avand-FaghihThe lepidopterans Euzophera bigella (Zeller) (Pyralidae) and Cydia pomonella (L.) (Tortricidae) are the most important pests of quince trees in Iran, as they cause the qualitative and quantitative losses on quince fruits. The present study was performed to monitor the p MoreThe lepidopterans Euzophera bigella (Zeller) (Pyralidae) and Cydia pomonella (L.) (Tortricidae) are the most important pests of quince trees in Iran, as they cause the qualitative and quantitative losses on quince fruits. The present study was performed to monitor the population fluctuations of E. bigella and L. pomonella using synthetic pheromone traps at quince orchards in Falavarjan (Isfahan, Iran). In addition, the influence of climatic factors on population fluctuations was studied. It was found that E. bigella adults appeared in early March, showing four population peaks during growth season. The adults of L. pomonella were, however, showed up in middle March with five seasonal population peaks. The populations of male E. bigella were positively correlated with relative humidity, weekly rainfall (up to 3.5 mm), weekly means of minimum and maximum relative humidity and temperature (higher than 25 °C). In addition, when rainfall was 1.2 mm, no significant effects of weekly means of minimum and maximum relative humidity and temperature were observed on E. bigella densities. The population densities of male E. bigella also showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.58) with relative humidity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Relationship between the biological parameters of Diuraphis noxia (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and the host phenolic content
H. Tabasian sh. goldasteh Gh. h. Moravvej E. Sanatgar M. Ghadamyari -
Open Access Article
108 - Determining the appropriate spray time to control Cydia pomonella L. (Lep., Totricidae) in apple orchards using sex pheromone traps and degree-day method in Urumia
J. Hosseinzadeh H. Farazmand M. Majdiafshar M. Abasi ChobtarashCodling moth Cydia pomonella L. (Lep., Tortricidae) is the most important pest in iranian apple orchards. In order to avoid the unnecessary usage of chemical pesticides, using pheromone traps is the most effective control way. We have used these traps in 4 areas of diff MoreCodling moth Cydia pomonella L. (Lep., Tortricidae) is the most important pest in iranian apple orchards. In order to avoid the unnecessary usage of chemical pesticides, using pheromone traps is the most effective control way. We have used these traps in 4 areas of different altitudes in Urmia villages. We counted the trapped insects twice a week. The results showed that this pest has three full generations in Urmia and their maiden appearance is in late April, with each generation peak in late May, mid-July and mid-August. The results show the best time to counter the pest is in the first generation, 5 to 7 days after flight peak and the 2nd and 3rd generations 4 to 5 days after flight peak. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Population abundance of Pronematus ubiquitus (McGregor, 1932) (Acari: Tydeidae) on different fig varieties
P. Baradaran M. ArbabiPronematus ubiquitus (McGregor) is a common predatory of fig pest mites in Iran and other part of the world. Investigation on population abundance of predatory mite was carried out on 11 commercial fig varieties in Saveh, a city of Iran during two years (2000-2001) in S MorePronematus ubiquitus (McGregor) is a common predatory of fig pest mites in Iran and other part of the world. Investigation on population abundance of predatory mite was carried out on 11 commercial fig varieties in Saveh, a city of Iran during two years (2000-2001) in Saveh region. Complete randomize block designed with four replications and each replicate consisted of a fig tree selected for the experiment. Fortnight sampling was followed from May up to middle of November. Abundance of P. ubiquitus on leaves were counted under stereo microscope by help of 4 squares centimeters plastic hallow frame which placed randomly bilateral of midrib under side of the leaf. Analysis of variance on collected mite data showed statistically significant at level of five percent. Maximum mean population density of mite recorded 9.82 and 11.32 mites for American No. 2 and minimum for Black Varamin 0.19 mites respectively during two years studies. Increasing predatory mite statistically was found significant with decreasing mean of temperature during Sept. –Nov. Maximum abundance of predatory mite was recorded during Oct.–Nov. with reduction of prey mobility, temperature and photoperiodic according to Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Population fluctuations of the citrus cottony scales, Pulvinaria aurantii (Hem., Coccidae) on the sour oranges
Sh. Faghihzadeh Gorji Shila Goldasteh A. ZamaniThe sour oranges is a horticultural crop in Iran and planted as ornamental trees all over the world (except polar regions) such as the north of Iran. The citrus cottony scales Pulvinaria aurantii Ckll. feeds on the foliage and stems of citrus trees and cause tree diebac MoreThe sour oranges is a horticultural crop in Iran and planted as ornamental trees all over the world (except polar regions) such as the north of Iran. The citrus cottony scales Pulvinaria aurantii Ckll. feeds on the foliage and stems of citrus trees and cause tree dieback in heavy infestation. In order to estimate the seasonal population fluctuations in Babol (Mazandaran province, Iran), sampling were done at the height of 1.5 to 2.5 meter of citrus trees and samples were collected from four geographical directions and three points including initial, medial and apical 40 cm of the branches. Further information such as daily temperature, relative humidity, and the amount of rainfalls simultaneously were recorded in each sampling date. The maximum number of population was observed in the January of 2014. We found that this species completes four generations per year. Based on the results of this study the best time for managements of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th generation of P. aurantii Ckll. in Babol is May, September, and to spot spraying in November and December, respectively. Pruning can be usefull too. In this study, natural enemies’ minority were observed which may be related to the insecticide treatments, absence of intermediate host and also the environmental pollution. Our results could lead to improve integrated pest management for P. aurantii Ckll.populations in the north of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Comparison of population density and spatial distribution of Tydeus longisetosus El-Bagoury & Momen, Tetranychus turkestani (Ugarov & Nikolskii) and their predator Zetzellia mali (Ewing) on two apple varieties
S. Khodayari K. Kamali Y. FathipourPopulation density of Tydeus longisetosus El-Bagoury & Momen, Tetranychus turkestani (Ugarov & Nikolskii) and their predator Zetzellia mali (Ewing) on two varieties of apple (Golden delicious and Golab) was studied in Maragheh (Northwestern of Iran) during summe MorePopulation density of Tydeus longisetosus El-Bagoury & Momen, Tetranychus turkestani (Ugarov & Nikolskii) and their predator Zetzellia mali (Ewing) on two varieties of apple (Golden delicious and Golab) was studied in Maragheh (Northwestern of Iran) during summer of 2006. The result showed that the mean density of T. longisetosus and T. turkestani on Golden delicious and Golab varieties were 3.35±0.67, 4.02±0.91 and 1.022±0.12, 1.26±0.45 per leaf, respectively. The mean density of Z. mali were 0.829±0.23 and 1.057±0.25 per leaf on Golden delicious and Golab varieties, respectively. Comparison of mean densities on two varieties was done by t-test and showed no significant differences between mean densities on two varieties. Spatial distribution of two species was determined by Taylor's power law, Morisita's coefficient and index of dispersion. Taylor's power law showed that spatial distribution of T. longisetosus on Golden delicious and Golab varieties wasaggregated and random, respectively. T. turkestani was distributed in aggregated pattern on Golab variety and there was no significant relationship between its parameters on Golden delicious, in this way Z. mali was distributed randomly on two varieties too. Aggregated spatial distribution of all species was determined by Morisita's coefficient and index of dispersion on two varieties in most cases. Linear regression between mean density of phytophagous and predaceous mites showed that the predator acts as density independent. Apple varieties have no effect on population density of studied mites but make an effect on spatial distribution of them to some extents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Biology, seasonal population fluctuation and distribution of the Cottony cushion scale Icerya purchasi Maskell (Hom: Margarodidae) in east of Mazandaran province, Iran
S. Javadi S. E. MahdavianThe cottony cushion scale Icerya purchasi Maskell is a polyphagous pest which has been distributed all around the word including Iran. The pest attacks to citrus and many other plants. The biology of I. purchasi at laboratory conditions (21.7°C, 75 R. H. MoreThe cottony cushion scale Icerya purchasi Maskell is a polyphagous pest which has been distributed all around the word including Iran. The pest attacks to citrus and many other plants. The biology of I. purchasi at laboratory conditions (21.7°C, 75 R. H. and 10:14 L:D) and its seasonal population fluctuations in two citrus orchards located in Sari (North of Iran) were studied during 2003- 2005. Samples were taken weekly from 10 trees in each orchard. Three 10cm twigs were taken randomly from each tree in each sampling occasion and number of adults and nymphs were recorded in laboratory. The mean number of eggs per female was 295. 7 with incubation period of 9. 1 days. Developmental period of the 1st , 2nd and 3rd instars was 19.5, 26.5 and 56.2 days respectively. Adults were observed from April to March. Three peaks of nymphs occurred in July, November and February and three for adults in May, August and February. According to these data, it is estimated that I. purchasi overwinters in all stages specially the 2nd instar nymphs. The investigation showed that the cottony cushion scale distributed throughout the east of Mazandaran from Behshahr to Noor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - The effect of different diets of Indian meal moth (Hübner) Plodia interpunctella on the biological characteristics and life table parameters of Habrobracon hebetor Say
Mahshid Heydari Abbas Hosseinzadeh Akbar ghassemi kahrizeh SH. AramidehThe effect of different diets were examined. on the growth period , fecundity and life table parameters of Habrobracon hebetor Say against the Plodia interpunctella Hübner under laboratory conditions at 26±2 °C, 65±5% R.H. and photoperiod 16:8hour MoreThe effect of different diets were examined. on the growth period , fecundity and life table parameters of Habrobracon hebetor Say against the Plodia interpunctella Hübner under laboratory conditions at 26±2 °C, 65±5% R.H. and photoperiod 16:8hours (L:D). Six diets were included pistachio, walnut, almond, date, figs and artificial diet. Results of this research revealed that the shortest period of pre-adult durations of parasitoid wasps on pistachio (9.92 days) and the longest period on figs diet (15.61 days). The highest sex ratio was observed on pistachio and artificial diets (0.52) and the lowest in figs and dates (0.46). The longest adult female longevity was on pistachio diet (30.50 days) and the shortest on fig (28.35days). The highest mean total number of eggs laid by H. hebetor was observed in pistachio diets (348.5-eggs) and the lowest in figs (306.09 eggs). The lowest duration of one generation (T) was on pistachio diet (15.61days) and the highest duration on figs (22.05days). Pistachio and artificial diet had the highest intrinsic rate of increase (rm) with 0.332 and 0.327 (day-١). Similarly, pistachio and artificial diet had the highest finite rate of increase ( ) with 1.39 (day-١). According to the results of the present study, pistachio and artificial diets were identified as the best diet for rearing H. hebetor. However, due to the fact that artificial diet is cheaper and more economical compared to other diets studied, so artificial diet can be used for mass-rearing programs of H. hebetor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Investigation on Spodoptera spp. (Lep., Noctuidae) and its population fluctuation using phero-traps in beetroot farms of Isfahan region
E. Danyalzadeh A. Avand-Faghih H. Farazmand J. KarimzadehS.exigua, S. litura and S. littoralis with a wide host range are the most important pests of beet. spread all over the word while two other species S. littoralis and S. litura are more limited. Spread seasonal fluctuations of these species population along the growing s MoreS.exigua, S. litura and S. littoralis with a wide host range are the most important pests of beet. spread all over the word while two other species S. littoralis and S. litura are more limited. Spread seasonal fluctuations of these species population along the growing season were studied by green funnel traps that were bated by sexual pheromone in a beet farm near Esfahan in 2010. S. exigua and S. littoralis were captured in traps but S. litura was not captured in pheromone traps because S. exigua and S. littoralis are similar concerning their molecules and their proportion. From mid-October as the weather gets cold, it reduced to the least. The average of trapped of S. littoralis was low till August and almost was fixed and any max or min was not observed. But trapped pests increased from 9Th September and it became maximum in mid-October. Results showed that the time of activation of these species were different in that the population of S. exigua was more than S. littoralis in the beginning of growing season of beet till late summer. But in the end of growing season means the population of S. littoralis was increase in late summer till autumn and over numbered to S. exigua population. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Thermal reaction of the intrinsic rate of population increase in Habrobracon hebetor (Say)
M. M. Montazeri shila goldasteh جلال shirazi E. SanatgarThe intrinsic rate of population increase (r) is one of the most important biological attributes of insects which is highly influenced by ambient temperature. In the present research, the response of Habrobracon hebetor (Say) (Hym.: Braconidae) intrinsic rate of populat MoreThe intrinsic rate of population increase (r) is one of the most important biological attributes of insects which is highly influenced by ambient temperature. In the present research, the response of Habrobracon hebetor (Say) (Hym.: Braconidae) intrinsic rate of population increase reared on Galleria mellonella L. (Lep.: Pyralidae) larvae was evaluated at 6 different temperatures (20, 22.5, 25, 27.5, 30, 32.5 ℃), 65±5% RH and 16:8 h L:D. For each temperature 80 to 250 fresh eggs of the wasp were reared as a cohort. The r was calculated using TWOSEX-MSChart software and obtained values were fitted to Briere-2 and Lactin-2 thermal models. Results showed that r was 0.0387 day-1 at 20 ℃ and increased to 0.0899 day-1 at 22.5, almost 2.3 folds higher. However, it was 0.1120 day-1 at 25 ℃ which only elevated 1.3 folds compared to that at 22.5 ℃. Nevertheless, the intrinsic rate of population increase of H. hebetor reached to its maximum value at 27.5 ℃ (0.2001 day-1), though, it decreased about 7.5 and 10% at 30 and 32.5 ℃, respectively. Thermal modelling proved that calculated values of r were almost identical to estimated ones only at low temperatures (20 and 22.5 ℃). In contrast, both models estimated H. hebetor intrinsic rate of population increase significantly lower compared with calculated ones at higher temperatures. Despite what was observed by calculations, Briere-2 and Lactin-2 models recorded the maximum r at 30 ℃ to be 0.1918 and 0.1922 day-1, respectively. It is recommended to consider insects’ life parameters estimations of thermal models along with real values. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Fauna of cereal aphids and their coccinellid predators and investigation on the efficiency and population dynamics of the dominant species in Kurdistan province
S. Kamangar S. H. MalkeshiWheat as the most important crop in Kurdistan province has several pests including aphids. The coccinellids have a fundamental role in controlling aphids. In this research, cereal aphid species and their coccinellid predators were identified and the efficiency and popul MoreWheat as the most important crop in Kurdistan province has several pests including aphids. The coccinellids have a fundamental role in controlling aphids. In this research, cereal aphid species and their coccinellid predators were identified and the efficiency and population dynamics of the most abundant species of coccinellids were studied during 2001-2003. Three irrigated wheat fields in Dehgolan and Kamyaran, and one rain fed field in Marivan were selected. Samples were taken weekly and the aphid species were counted in laboratory and the occurrence frequency of each species was recorded. Adult coccinellids were collected by random sweep netting and their relative occurrence was recorded. As results, 7 aphid species were identified which Sitobion avenae F. and Schizaphis graminum Rond. with respectively 66.5 and 30%, have the highest population densities. Also 6 coccinellid species were identified which Hippodamia variegata Goeze and Coccinella septempunctata L. with respectively 60 and 37%, have the highest population densities. Results showed that H. variegata as the most abundant coccinellid species in wheat fields was not able to control the aphids significantly (under this experimental condition) due to very fast reproduction of aphids and in absence of other natural enemies. Therefore, cereal aphids can be controlled by the presence and activities of their natural enemies complex. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on population changes and growth parameters of carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval (Acari: Tetranychidae) on different rose cultivars
R. Namdari R. Vafaie Shoushtari Sh. Goldasteh J. ShakaramiCarmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval, is an important pest of ornamental plants such as roses in the world. In this research, population changes and the growth parameters of T. cinnabarinus reared on three rose cultivars (Magic Red, Polar Star, Dolce MoreCarmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval, is an important pest of ornamental plants such as roses in the world. In this research, population changes and the growth parameters of T. cinnabarinus reared on three rose cultivars (Magic Red, Polar Star, Dolce vita) at different amount of nitrogen fertilization (0, 50 and 100 Kg ha-1) were evaluated at 27±2°C, 70±5% RH and 16: 8 h (L: D) photoperiod. The highest and lowest abundance of mites were observed at levels of 100 and 0 (control) Kg ha-1 nitrogen. In all levels of nitrogen, the density of pest were the highest (79.25) on the Magic Red and lowest on the Dolce Vita variety. Also results showed that on all varieties, the 100 Kg ha-1 nitrogen provided the highest intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (λ) and net reproductive rate of (R0). By increasing the rate of fertilizer, the doubling time of population (DT) decreased and the mite completed its generation in the shortest time (T). This study revealed that the use of high levels of nitrogen can considerably increase population and reproductive rate of carmine spider mite in rose greenhouse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Biology and seasonal fluctuation of cottony camellia scale, Pulvinaria (Chloropulvinaria) floccifera (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in Citrus orchards of northern Iran
M. F. Hallaji-Sani A. Rasekh B. GolainCottony camellia scale, Pulvinaria floccifera Westwood is almost cosmopolitan having been spread widely by the plant trade. This soft scale is one of the most important scales of citrus orchards in Mazandaran and Guilan provinces. The biology and seasonal fluctuation of MoreCottony camellia scale, Pulvinaria floccifera Westwood is almost cosmopolitan having been spread widely by the plant trade. This soft scale is one of the most important scales of citrus orchards in Mazandaran and Guilan provinces. The biology and seasonal fluctuation of pest was studied in natural conditions in the West of Mazandaran. Furthermore, the biology of this soft scale was studied in laboratory condition. To study population dynamics, 10 leaves from each five Thomson navel orange trees, Citrus sinensis L. were taken every two weeks. P. floccifera completed one generation per year, hibernating as an adult insect. The last overwintering females were observed in early June and Middle May in 2009 and 2010, respectively. First instar nymphs appeared in middle July and late June. Second instar nymphs were first observed in early August and middle July, peaked in last August and last July in 2009 and 2010, respectively, whereas the third instar nymphs peaked in late September and late August. The complete life cycle of females required 58.2±2.1 days in the laboratory conditions, 25±10ºC, 70-80% RH, and 14:10 (L:D). Number of eggs in egg sac ranged from 445 to 680. Data showed that the ladybirds Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant and Chilocorus bipustulatus Gordon feed on P. floccifera. This study revealed that P. floccifera is present in all citrus plants sampled in the area of study in Mazandaran and Guilan provinces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Seasonal population fluctuations of Mediterranean pine bark beetle, Orthotomicus erosus (Wollaston) (Coleoptera:Curculionidae:Scolytinae), in the Tehran Chitgar forest park
T. Arkani H. Ostovan H. Farazmand M. GheybiOne of the main problems of pine trees in the Chitgar park located in Tehran, Iran, is pine bark beetles, which not only cause direct harms to these trees but also is vector of some viral and bacterial pathogens. To study the seasonal population fluctuations of th MoreOne of the main problems of pine trees in the Chitgar park located in Tehran, Iran, is pine bark beetles, which not only cause direct harms to these trees but also is vector of some viral and bacterial pathogens. To study the seasonal population fluctuations of the pest, the sampling process of adults from pine barks was performed in different regions of the park in 2015 to 2017. Twelve infected centers in the park were selected and four cross trap were installed in each center. The mass capturing pheromone of Orthotomicus erosus and pine kairomone dispensers were used in each trap. The distance between traps was about 50 meters. According to the observed data, the emergence of adult beetles was started in early April and continued until mid-December. The average daily capture per trap was four beetles. From mid-December onwards, no beetles were caught in the traps. Mediteranean pine bark beetle had at least six flight peaks in the area of study. The most trapping were observed in 8 June, 28 June, 27 July, 16 August, 5 September and 25 September respectively. The The highest number of trap catches was registered in September, July, August, June, September and October, with 9.2, 7.7, 7.2, 5.7, 2.4 and 1.6 beetles per trap respectively. Also, the mean average of total capture during spring, summer, autumn and winter were 401, 1159,114 and zero beetles per trap; so, the most activity of the pest was observed in summer, spring and autumn respectively The highest number of beetle was in the north and the least was captured in the south of the park. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - The influence of applying Boron on life table parameters of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) on bean plants
E. Sadeghi R. Vafaie H. MadaniThe effect of four dose of Boron (0, 1, 1/5. 2 ppm) on the growth parameters of Tetranychus urticae Koch was studied on the red Akhtar bean cultivar under constant laboratory conditions (27±2ºC, 70±5%RH and 16L:8D) during 2014–2016. Results show MoreThe effect of four dose of Boron (0, 1, 1/5. 2 ppm) on the growth parameters of Tetranychus urticae Koch was studied on the red Akhtar bean cultivar under constant laboratory conditions (27±2ºC, 70±5%RH and 16L:8D) during 2014–2016. Results showed that the immature developmental times of males and females were significantly influenced by Boron. Tetranychus urticae laid significantly more eggs per day on control. The egg hatching percentage varied from88.25 to 94.20 percent. The minimum intrinsic rate of increase (rm) 0.210±0.01 (female/female/day), while the highest was recorded for 2 ppm tests 0.73±0.2 (female/female/day). The lowest net reproductive rate of female (R0) was observed in 2 ppm dose (4.2.±2/04) while thehighest was in control treatment (12.10±0.06) (female/female/generation). The lowest intrinsic rate of increase (λ) (0.93±1.02) was obtained in 2 ppm treatments, whenever 0 ppm treatment displayed the highest values of these parameters (1.230±1.40). The mean generation time varied from 15.2±0.24 day to 11.65±0.5 days. Doubling time (DT) varied significantly on different tests. The longest was in 2 ppm and the shortest was in control treatment. Therefore, the results have proved that 2 ppm sample has excellent potential for applying in Integrated Pest Management of Tetranychus urticae. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - تحلیل و بررسی ساختار فضایی تراکم جمعیت شهر بندرگز با استفاده از آمار فضایی در GIS
مصطفی آریان کیا پروین کهربائیان نگار خراسانی -
Open Access Article
122 - تبیین اثرات بعد اقتصادی و زیست محیطی کیفیت زندگی برماندگاری جمعیت سکونتگاههای روستایی ) مطالعه موردی: روستاهای بخش رضویه شهرستان مشهد(
ناهید گلی مهدی جهانی ثانی ابوالفضل بهنیافر -
Open Access Article
123 - Studying and Analyzing Influential Demographic Variables on Support Ratio in Iranian Social Security Pension Fund Using System Dynamics
zahra karimian sichani mohammad hassan cheraghali ali dehghaniEvaluation and reform of pension systems are among the complex issues that due to the multiplicity of variables affecting each other and significant changes in the variables in the long term horizons, they can not be easily studied and analyzed. The purpose of this arti MoreEvaluation and reform of pension systems are among the complex issues that due to the multiplicity of variables affecting each other and significant changes in the variables in the long term horizons, they can not be easily studied and analyzed. The purpose of this article is to study and analyze demographic variables on the support ratio(Ratio of insured to pensioners ) in Iran’s Social Security Pension Fund. This shows to some extent the ratio of input to output of the fund, and based on it, the pressure on the fund can be estimated according to the amount of current insurance premiums and pension amounts. In this article, using information and statistics of mentioned fund and Iran Statistics Center in the years from 2016 to 2018, a model based on system dynamics was designed and By testing the model under certain conditions, reproducing past behavior and examining different policies, the model was validated. By 2033, the country's elderly population will double, while the working age population will grow by nearly 12 percent. These changes will affect the demographic structure, Also, according to the forecast, if the current conditions are maintained, the support ratio of the Social Security Fund will reach 2.19 by 2033. Informal (non-salaried) job participation, unemployed youth employment, women's economic participation and fertility rate are the most important influential population variables that can increase the support ratio to 3, 1/2, 1/4 0/5 units respectively ،if appropriate policies and planning are implemented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Designing a Model for Employment Development in Yazd Province by the System Dynamics Approach
Hamed Fallah Tafti Syed Ali Naghavi Mir-Mohammad Asaadi FiruzabadiThe inquiry about labor market evaluation in provinces of the country shows that Yazd is one of the provinces that have been faced with the more increasing unemployment rate in the recent years; as the unemployment rate in this province has increased from 5.2% in 1375 t MoreThe inquiry about labor market evaluation in provinces of the country shows that Yazd is one of the provinces that have been faced with the more increasing unemployment rate in the recent years; as the unemployment rate in this province has increased from 5.2% in 1375 to 9.4% in 1389. In this research, we intend to identify the major effective factors on employment development by designing the Yazd province employment model. We also intend to anticipate the future of the province employment with regard to the reciprocal relations of the factors and with attention to various environmental and demographic circumstances. The implementation of this model offers several scenarios in employment development on the basis of system dynamics principles; that can help the major decision makers choose the appropriate policies. The mentioned model is designed on the basis of system dynamics methods. For this reason, the Yazd province employment development was simulated by “Vensim PLE” software concerning the public and private sectors. A period of 30 years from 1385 to 1415 was selected for implementation and test validity of the model. In the end, after explaining the conceived situation for the future of the province employment, with presenting results of the model, a number of suggestions will be given to help choose the appropriate policies in taking future opportunities and increasing the management power against future threats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Combination of Taboo Search and Ant Colony System Approach to Solve the Vehicle Routing Problem
Narges Mahmoodi Darani Azam Dolatnejad Majid YousefikhoshbakhtThe Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is one of the most important combinational optimization problems that is received much attention because of wide applications in routing problems. In this problem, fleet vehicles with Q capacity start to move from the depot and return a MoreThe Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is one of the most important combinational optimization problems that is received much attention because of wide applications in routing problems. In this problem, fleet vehicles with Q capacity start to move from the depot and return after servicing to customers in which visit only ones each customer and load more than its capacity not at all. The objective is to minimize the number of used vehicles and total distance traversed. This paper proposes a hybrid tabu search for the VRP. In this algorithm, three types of neighborhood moves including insert, swap and ant colony system are used for searching the neighborhood and moving from current solution to next solution. Computational experience with the benchmark test instances involving from 50 to 199 confirms that proposed algorithm is competitive in compared to the famous meta-heuristic algorithms in terms of the quality of generated solutions. In addition, this algorithm finds closely the best-known solutions (BKS) for most of the instances in which three best-known solutions are also found Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Evaluation of socio-demographic factors affecting burnout in Nurses
parand pourghane Farzin Farahbod Hasan Yousefpour gelsefidiSpend of most of the time in the hospital for nurses will bring. stress and burnout for them. In examining the factors influencing burnout, demographic variables play an important role in burnout. The aim of this study was to determine the role of socio-demographic fact MoreSpend of most of the time in the hospital for nurses will bring. stress and burnout for them. In examining the factors influencing burnout, demographic variables play an important role in burnout. The aim of this study was to determine the role of socio-demographic factors on burnout among nurses of Guilan university of Medical Sciences and, if necessary, Provide appropriate solutions to control it.This study was descriptive, correlational analysis. The sample size was 350. Sampling method was cluster random in one-stage and data collection tools was questionnaires Hiller(1985).To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used. All statistical analyzes were analyzed using the software spss 16. The highest number(37/7%) were 32 to 42 years, female (66.6%), BA (46%), work experience of 5 to 10 years(37/1%) Married(68/6%). Incomerevenue 49/1% of the samples was 000/000/3 تا000/500/ toman. Also,a significant relationship was seen between burnout and socio-demographic factors, age, income, gender, work experience, marriage and education were identified as the strongest variable for predicting burnout.Due to the effects of burnout, It is essential for use of Prevention methods among people with lower levels of burnout, Expand the scope of amendments problematic in people with moderate levels of burnout and take immediate corrective action in people with high levels of burnout. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - An analysis of the evolution of the urban hierarchy system in the development of the studied area of East Azarbaijan province
Ali Taghipour Mohammadreza rezaiIn regional planning, the urban system is defined as the distribution and distribution of cities in the context of the geographical space. Cities are not of the same size and shape in accordance with their location and ability to expand, and in relation to the different MoreIn regional planning, the urban system is defined as the distribution and distribution of cities in the context of the geographical space. Cities are not of the same size and shape in accordance with their location and ability to expand, and in relation to the different roles they play, they affect the villages and surrounding areas, sometimes Cities are distributed in a dense form and sometimes in a scattered form, which is more affected by the physical and geographical factors of the region. For this reason, it is necessary to carefully study the function and role of cities and the position of each one in relation to the provincial and regional network hierarchies in research studies. The purpose of this research is to analyze the hierarchical system in the regional development of East Azerbaijan province. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and of analytical design type, which was carried out with field and library method based on models of demographic and hierarchical changes. The findings of the research show that in the balanced urban system, each urban point provides a set of specific services based on its location and role and receives some of the services it needs from the upstream urban points. In East Azarbaijan Province, according to the studies, the service delivery and service receiving system is based on the hierarchy of the urban network of the province, and the cities with superior roles and performance play major roles in this system. The results of the research show that the trend of urban population changes in the province with the changes of the total population indicates a very rapid increase in urbanization in the decades 1966-1976 and 1976-1986, which respectively, their urbanization growth rates were equal to 3.58 and 5.12. In the following decades, with the implementation of population control policies and the reduction of births and the relative control of urban and rural migrations, this rate increased to 1.99% in 1975 and 1.57% in 1985, and finally, according to the results of the 2021 census, to It has reached 1.72. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Contribution of emotional intelligence, personality characteristics and demographic factors mediated by achievement motivation in explaining creativity of high school students
Maryam GhaforiAsar Malek MirHashemi Hamzeh Ganji Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the role of emotional intelligence, personality traits and demographic factors mediated by achievement motivation in explaining the creativity of high school students. Method: The population More Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the role of emotional intelligence, personality traits and demographic factors mediated by achievement motivation in explaining the creativity of high school students. Method: The population of this study consisted of all secondary school students in Hamadan in 93-92. 300 students were selected using multistage random sampling and stratified random sampling (gender as a class) and completed Torrance creativity, Shout emotional intelligence, personality (NEO), achievement motivation (HAMQ) and demographic factors questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22. Findings: The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between emotional intelligence and creativity. Among personality traits, extraversion and flexibility had significant positive relationship with creativity. Neuroticism has a significant negative relationship with creativity. There is not a significant relationship between agreeableness and accountability with creativity. There is a significant positive relationship between achievement motivation and creativity. Among the factors of population "economic situation of family", has about 143/0 impact on increasing students' creativity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Effect of plant nourishments on Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) abundance, in Watermelon Fields of Esfarayen region
isa jabaleh behzad amiri majid taherianWatermelon with a vast area of cultivation is one of the most important products of the North Khorasan Province and the city of Esfarayen. In these areas, Tetranychus urticae can be considered as one of the most important pests of this product; the uncontrolled use of c MoreWatermelon with a vast area of cultivation is one of the most important products of the North Khorasan Province and the city of Esfarayen. In these areas, Tetranychus urticae can be considered as one of the most important pests of this product; the uncontrolled use of chemical pesticides causes the population to become resistant to pesticides and remains; poisons are very important for their fresh food; Plant nutrition quality hosts a factor influencing pest growth and reproduction. In order to investigate the effect of nutrition in field conditions on different biological stages of T. urticae, an experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design with seven treatments (chicken manure, cow manure, sheep manure, NPK, NPK + Humic acid, Humic acid and control) in Three sampling times were performed in 2015 in Esfarayen city. The results showed that the largest population of T. urticae in chicken manure on biological stages (egg, larva, nymph and adult), respectively, with an average (34.1 ± 27.12, 78.1 ± 04.12, 35.1 ± 04 . 8 and 69.1 ± 73.12) and the lowest number in the NPK + Humic acid fertilizer granulation in biological stages (egg, larva, nymph and adult), respectively (67.0 ± 16.4, 55.0 ± 88.2, 38.0 ± 18.2 and 67.0 ± 07.5) was observed. The results of this research granular fertilizer treatment Humic acid and Humic acid + NPK granulated onion fields in order to control the two-spotted spider mite is considered Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Population fluctuation of egg parasitoids of sunn pest and determining of dominant species in Varamin and vicinity
Hasan GhahariPopulation fluctuation of sunn pests’ parasitoids (Scelionidae and Encyrtidae) was studied in 5 different localities of Varamin including, Javad-Abad, Dehmacin, Gharchak, Asgar-Abad and Pishva. Seven parasitoid species including, Telenomuschloropus, Trissolcusbasa MorePopulation fluctuation of sunn pests’ parasitoids (Scelionidae and Encyrtidae) was studied in 5 different localities of Varamin including, Javad-Abad, Dehmacin, Gharchak, Asgar-Abad and Pishva. Seven parasitoid species including, Telenomuschloropus, Trissolcusbasalis, Tr. grandis, Tr. rufiventris, Tr. semistriatus, Tr. vassilievi and Ooencyrtustelenomicida were collected from the mentioned regions. Upon the samplings in Gharchak, 4 species, T. semistriatus, T. grandis, T. Vassilievi and T. Rufiventris, were collected which of these T. semistriatus and T. grandis were determined as dominant species. Mean percent parasitism of T. semistriatus was higher than the other species and the highest parasitism (44.63%) was obtained in 22 May 2014. In Pishva, 5 parasitoids, T. grandis, T. vassilievi, T. semistriatus, T. chloropus and T. Basalis, were collected, which T. grandisand T. vassilievi were the dominant. The parasitism of these two parasitoids were started in 10 April 2014 and the maximum parasitism of T. grandis(27.89%) in 22 May 2014 and for T. vassilievi (22.39%) in 29 May 2014. Parasitoids of sunn pest in Javad-Abad were identified as T. rufiventris, T. grandis and Telenomus chloropus which of these, T. rufiventris was determined as the dominant species. The beginning of its parasitism activity was observed in 17 April 2014 and its maximum (26.44%) in 7 May 2014. The collected species in Dehmacin were included T. semistriatus, T. vassilievi, T. grandis and O. telenomicida which 2 species T. semistriatus and O. telenomicida were the dominant. The maximum percent parasitism was obtained in 22 May 2014 for T. semistriatus and 29 May 2014 for O. telenomicida. Six parasitoid species including, O. telenomicida, T. rufiventris, T. vassilievi, T. grandis, T. semistriatus and T. simony were collected from Asgar-Abad, which of these 3 first species were the dominant species. The highest percent parasitism for T. vassilievi(16.68%) and T. rufiventris (13.21%) was obtained in 22 May, 2014, and for T. grandis(23.72%)in 5 June 2014. Regarding to sex ratio of parasitoids, mean percent of emerged females was more than the male production in all sampled regions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - The effect of hydroalcoholic extracts of Mentha piperita L., Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Allium sativum on biological inhibition of Pratylenchus loosi in vitro
Ali Seraji niloufar Mahfouzi sanam Safaei Chaeikar abolfazl Yahyavi AzadIn this research, the inhibitory effect of aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of three medicinal plants including Mentha piperita L., Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Allium sativum on the mortality rate of juveniles and adults of Pratylenchus loosi were studied at MoreIn this research, the inhibitory effect of aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of three medicinal plants including Mentha piperita L., Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Allium sativum on the mortality rate of juveniles and adults of Pratylenchus loosi were studied at the Tea Research Center (HSRI, AREEO) of the country. The experiment was carried out as a two level factorial experiments in a completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor was the different concentrations of mint, Eucalyptusand garlic extracts in 5 levels (0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm for mint; 0, 500, 1100, 2300 and 4000 ppm for Eucalyptus and 0, 50, 125, 250 and 500 ppm for garlic) and the second factor included four intervals of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The results analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences between concentrations and time intervals at 1% probability level. Based on the results, the mean comparison of the interactions of concentration × time interval, each of the aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of mint, Eucalyptusand garlic showed a significant effect on the mortality of larvae and adults, and the results indicated the efficacy of the secondary metabolites in the extracts of these plants on the control of tea root-lesion nematode. The highest mortality rate of juveniles and adults was observed using 500 ppm garlic extract after 96 hours with 93.9 and 90.92%, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - تحلیلی بر پراکنش جمعیت و توزیع فضایی خدمات عمومی در مناطق شهری شهر ارومیه
هادی حکیمی پریا علیزاده مصطفی هرائینی -
Open Access Article
133 - Providing an Appropriate Model for Optimizing Energy Consumption and Achieving Sustainable Area Using GIS (Case Study: Tehran Region 6))
mojgan Rezaei mohsen ranjbar bahram azadbakht Alireza EstelajiToday's world is a world of progress and management in which most cities are paving the way for sustainable development and smart cities. In these cities, six key factors are air transport, economics, smart people, transportation. , The environment and, ultimately, inte MoreToday's world is a world of progress and management in which most cities are paving the way for sustainable development and smart cities. In these cities, six key factors are air transport, economics, smart people, transportation. , The environment and, ultimately, intelligent life, play an important role. It is therefore clear that the issue of energy can affect and influence all of these indicators. Due to its political and administrative capital, it has come to take this route and its 6th district is of great importance due to its centrality. Dey is a major part of the researcher's focus on residential-commercial energy and transportation, and has led the researcher to identify ways of achieving sustainable energy by providing an appropriate model and model. Regarding the research method, it should be noted that the variables in the present study were quantitatively and qualitatively verifiable and studied in two independent and dependent ways, including some controllers and some moderators to achieve this. It is important to use GIS software platform and the results show that the six regionof Tehran according to and It has a smaller fixed population than the mobile population, which has increased energy consumption in the office and commercial sectors, with increased pollutants throughout the day and reduced emissions during the day. From the model provided and the necessary training it can be controlled. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - the Analysis on the role middle cities Mazandaran province of regional development (Case study: Babol)
mehdi samimiyan rahimeh javadianImbalances and inequalities in the settlement systm and the need to achieve a balance of interest in the developmentand causes tente intermediatc in cities as one of the global straregy in this regrad it is essential to evaluate the roleand function of these citie MoreImbalances and inequalities in the settlement systm and the need to achieve a balance of interest in the developmentand causes tente intermediatc in cities as one of the global straregy in this regrad it is essential to evaluate the roleand function of these cities .in this regard it is essential to the role andevaluated the performance of these ities. Therefore,this article is to answer this question. Babol Ptansylhavtvanmndyhay system development in the region(province) what? In this paper, a method of cross-sectional study, which collected data from documents and librarymethod % pplied, Also, to data processing methods and quantitative models Nzyrmdl demographic,economic models used Vmdl hinterland the results show that the equilibrium population of the city of Babylon ableto play a role so no it increases regional imbalances. Dygrarzyaby aslo indicates that the economic performance ofthe service has a strong role in the development and economic balance of the province, and can act. Also check theinfluence of Babylon show that singnificant shhrbkhsh devoted his services to the hehinterland. Overall, theseresults suggest that in the middle of the city in the province of Babylon, as well as consistency of spatialdevelopment of the province can help. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Effect of modified atmospheric packaging and flexible films on the microbial population of Liquvan cheese
Nazanin Zand Donyaِ Mohammad Zaheri leyla nateghiIn this project, the effect of three types of flexible multilayer films and different concentrations of three types of gaseous mixtures (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen) as well as conditions under vacuum and also ordinary conditions as control to increase the shelf li MoreIn this project, the effect of three types of flexible multilayer films and different concentrations of three types of gaseous mixtures (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen) as well as conditions under vacuum and also ordinary conditions as control to increase the shelf life of Liquvan cheese at ambient temperature (250C) were evaluated. Non-gas injection packaging as a control sample were compared with four type of modified atmosphere packaging (70% CO2 + 30% N2) , (30% CO2 + 70% N2) , (47.5% N2 + 47.5% + 5% O2) and under vacuum. For packing samples were used different flexible multi-layer films, 3-layer{PET(12)/ AL(12)/LLD (100)},4-layer {PET(12)/AL(7) /PET(12)/LLD (100) } , and 3-layer { PET(12)/ AL(7)/LLD (100)}. Experiments were performed on samples as follows microbial test (aerobics count; mold and yeast count ; coliform count and chemical pH test, at different times 5,10 15,20 (during twenty days). The results were performed in a completely randomized design by SPSS (Ver:22) and Duncan’s new multiple range test, with confidence level of 95% (P <0.05). Using MAP was not enough to control spoilage, but it was delayed the spoilage process. Therefore, the using of packaging with 4-layers as a low water vapor transmition and gas composition (70% CO2 + 30% N2) as a high antimicrobial properties were used to maintain the long-term of Liquvan cheese during twenty days and have a good effect on the amount of pH was better. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - روند توسعه فیزیکی شهر فیروزکوه و تأثیر آن بر محیط زیست منطقه
محمدرضا زند مقدم -
Open Access Article
137 - مقایسه تطبیقی و تحلیلی جغرافیای جمعیت ناحیه شهری زابل
ژیلا سجادی محمدصادق افراسیابی امیر اشنویی -
Open Access Article
138 - ارائه الگوی چارچوب ساختار فضایی با تاکید بر ثبات و استقرار پایدار جمعیت (مطالعه موردی: استان هرمزگان)
حسن محمدیان مصمم عباس علیپور احسان علیپوری حسین یداله نیا -
Open Access Article
139 - An investigation of school principals’ emotional intelligence and its relationship to their demographic characteristics
ramezan hasanzadeh morteza sadatiThe present study is an attempt to investigate the effect of school principals’ gender, expertise, and emotional intelligence. It investigates the degree of school principals’ emotional intelligence at different grades(primary school, guidance school, high s MoreThe present study is an attempt to investigate the effect of school principals’ gender, expertise, and emotional intelligence. It investigates the degree of school principals’ emotional intelligence at different grades(primary school, guidance school, high school) and its relationship to their demographic characteristics. The research method is descriptive. Of the population of ascool principals in Sari, a stratified random sample of 140 was selected according to Kergesy Morgan table. To gather data, a questionnaire was used. It was comprised of two parts: demographic characteristics part and emotional intelligence part. The results showed: 1. The degree of school principals’ emotional intelligence at different grades was not different. 2. The school principals’ emotional intelligence with different years of experience was not different. 3. Emotional intelligence is different in male and female principals. 4. Emotional intelligence is different in expert and non-expert principals. 5. Emotional intelligence is not different among principals with different university degrees. 6. Emotional intelligence is not different among principals belonging to different age groups. Based on the study, it can be concluded that emotional intelligence is one of the essential factors of management and leadership. Training, expertise and emotional intelligence training courses will be helpful in its effective application. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - A study of principals’ emotional intelligence in different educational stages and its relationship with their demographic characteristics
ramezan hasanzadeh morteza sadatiOBJECTIVE :The present study investigates principals’ emotional intelligence in different educational stages and its relationship with their demographic characteristics. It was hypothesized that emotional control and emotional management would positively relate to MoreOBJECTIVE :The present study investigates principals’ emotional intelligence in different educational stages and its relationship with their demographic characteristics. It was hypothesized that emotional control and emotional management would positively relate to personnel performance. METHOD: This research is done by descriptive research. In this research , the sample included 140 principals (69men and 71 women) from region one of Ministry of Education and Training in Sari that were selected by using stratified random sampling. Subjects provided information about their EI and their demographic characteristics by completing the Travis Bradbery and Jean Geaves' Emotional Intelligence questionnaire and researcher made questionnaire. RESULTS :1-There were no differences in Principal's emotional intelligence in different stages(F=0/774,P>./.5).2-There were no differences in Principal's emotional intelligence with different managerial experiences(F=1/305,P>./.5).3-There were differences in Principal's emotional intelligence with respect to their gender(men and women) (t=2/285,P<./.5).4-There were differences in Principal's emotional intelligence with respect to their specialty(t=3/148,P<./.5)..5-There were no differences in Principal's emotional intelligence with different education(F=0/185,P<./.5).6-There were no differences in Principal's emotional intelligence with different ages(F=0/347,P>./.5). CONCLUSION :Emotional intelligence is a significant predictor of successful school administration. Specifically, the results of the present study suggest that professional development programs would be wise to focus on promoting or developing EI. Consistent with previous research, women were found to score higher than men on EI Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - The development of Iranian women’s organizations in the second Pahlavi era
ziba ghahremani aliakbar khedrizadeh mehdi goljanWoman presence in tobacco national- religious movement and constitutional movement is the beginning of women activities in different social , cultural and political field. Even though this presence has been presumed very little owing to dominance of religious and tradit MoreWoman presence in tobacco national- religious movement and constitutional movement is the beginning of women activities in different social , cultural and political field. Even though this presence has been presumed very little owing to dominance of religious and tradition – oriented forces at the beginning of the Reza shah’s reign ,but by the implementacion of new policies by Reza shah and Mohammad Reza Pahlavi activities of this brigade got more solidavity in the shape of institutions and women’s organizations and involved wider dimention . how to form and the mode of institutions and women organization’s activity in the second Pahlavi era and its relationship. With the state is the issue that addressed in this study. This research , conducted in the context of historical study and review of sources such as newspapers and books, reveals that the members of institutions and women’s organizations often consisted of educated women who their most trying at first to improve living , educational and health of women and then to fix the legal in equality and obtaining women suffrage. Some of these formations for the benefit of the government. And some also acted along to humour party needs or special population and have influenced the events of that period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Exploring the Effects of Demographic Factors and Brand Perception on the Intention of Iranian Consumers to Purchase Luxury Automobiles
Kambiz Heidarzadeh Fereshteh Rais RohaniConspicuous consumption is a fairly universal phenomenon: while possibly more pervasive in developed countries. It can be said, conspicuous consumption is more common in some cultures that have a tendency to materialism. This research provides deeper understanding of wh MoreConspicuous consumption is a fairly universal phenomenon: while possibly more pervasive in developed countries. It can be said, conspicuous consumption is more common in some cultures that have a tendency to materialism. This research provides deeper understanding of why consumers are willing to buy luxury cars. The population of this study consists of Toyota, Hyundai & Kia Motors automobile owners in the city of Tehran. The German made Mercedes Benz and the Japanese made Lexus are the luxury products of the population. The final sample consists of 390 participants, and the method is proportional stratified sampling. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), and SPSS and LISREL software are used for the data analysis. The main findings show that the Iranian consumer perception of the luxury brand is significantly more affected by the variables of hedonism, uniqueness, and quality than the conspicuous and social values. Marketing managers of luxury brands can use the results to get more consumers to buy. The five perceived values of luxury automobiles can be used as guidelines for salesmen to sell successfully to customers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - جهانی شدن و تحولات جمعیتی خانواده ایرانی
سیده زهرا میر محمد رضائی باقر ساروخانی حسن سرایی -
Open Access Article
144 - Sociological Factors of Domestic Violence towards Adolescent Female Children (case study: High schools in Ahwaz)
محمود یعقوبی دوست حلیمه عنایتThis study aimed to examine the sociological factors of domestic violence towards adolescent female children in Ahvaz. The study is a survey. The population of the research consisted of high school girl students and their parents in Ahvaz‚ from among w MoreThis study aimed to examine the sociological factors of domestic violence towards adolescent female children in Ahvaz. The study is a survey. The population of the research consisted of high school girl students and their parents in Ahvaz‚ from among whom 384 were selected as samples through multi –stage sampling technique. In this study, Four questionnaires" Childhood Trauma Questionnaire measuring instrument (Child Abuse and Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) (Bernstein, 1995), Duncan’s scale of socio-economic parents (SES)‚ Russell’s social isolation UCLA)) 1976, a scale of perceived emotional support (MSPSS Zimet & et al) (1998) were used. For data analysis, statistical indicators, standard deviation, t test, and ‚ Pearson regression analysis were used. According to the study, the variable "social isolation, perceived emotional social support, socio - economic, situation and the household population have a significant relationship with domestic violence of parents toulard young female children. The results of multiple regression showed that the variable of social isolation has the most impact to predict the dependent variable. According to the research findings, this issue requires consideration of both the families and the authorities to prevent control and reduce its negative impact on society and families. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Herbicide on Weed Composition, Diversity and Density in Silage Corn (cv. Sc 704)
M. Zafarian R. Sadrabadi Haghigi L. AlimoradiIn order to study the effect of plant density, planting pattern and herbicide dosage of nicosulfuron, a field experiment was arranged in a factorial split plot treatments based on RCBD with three replications in Chenaran, Khorasan Razavi, in 2010. The experimental treat MoreIn order to study the effect of plant density, planting pattern and herbicide dosage of nicosulfuron, a field experiment was arranged in a factorial split plot treatments based on RCBD with three replications in Chenaran, Khorasan Razavi, in 2010. The experimental treatments consisted of a factorial plant density (100000, 120000 and 140000 plants ha-1) in the planting pattern (single and double row) as main plot and herbicide dosage of nicousulforon in four levels (0, 1, 1/5 and 2, l.ha-1) as sub-plot. Samplings were made at in five stages (37days after the emergence of corn and it was repeated once per 20 days). The results indicated reducing the weed density and dry matter of weeds in the first stage after the herbicide treatment. Moreover, it was observed a significant interaction effect between plant density with planting pattern and between planting pattern with herbicides dosages during growth season on reducing weed density and dry matter. Also results indicated that in between of this experiment's treatments, nicosulfuron herbicide reduced weed density at the beginning of growth season and double row planting pattern suppressed weed density during growing season, and resulted in lowest Jacard similarity index (Sj) of weed species. Results also indicated that with increasing of plant density and herbicide dosage especially in composition of double row planting pattern, according to Shannon- Wiener index, sensitive population such as common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), buckhorn plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.), prostrate knotweed (Polygonum aviculareL.), black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.) and Johnson grass (Sorghum halepens L.) was reduced in during growing season. Simpson dominance index, showed that some low populated weeds such as redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.), field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) and Canada thistle (Circum arvensis L.) persisted their growth up to the end of growing season. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Adaptability Evaluation of 104 Potato Hybrids in Ardabil and Alborz Provinces
Davoud Hassanpanah Ahmad Mousapour Gorji Majid Kahbazi Hossein Karbalaei Khiavi Raouf MohammadiThis study was performed to assess potato hybrids for their promising agronomic, and marketability traits and their adaptability to climatic conditions of potato production areas in country. Some 104 potato hybrids selected during five years (2010-2014) along with Saval MoreThis study was performed to assess potato hybrids for their promising agronomic, and marketability traits and their adaptability to climatic conditions of potato production areas in country. Some 104 potato hybrids selected during five years (2010-2014) along with Savalan, Ceaser, Agria and Khavaran cultivars, as controls, were compared in an augment design (preliminary experiment) without replications both at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station of Ardabil and Seed and Plant Institute Improvement of Karaj. These hybrids (104), tested in this experiment, were from 8 breeding populations. One half of the hybrids (52) in Ardabil and the other half (52) in Karaj (a total of 104 hybrids) each were planted in the 4 blocks and each block consisted of 13 hybrids with four control (Agria, Khavaran, Ceaser and Savalan cultivars). During growing period and after harvest the traits like: plant height, main stem number per plant, main stem diameter, tuber number and weight per plant, marketable tuber yield and tuber dry matter percent were measured. Then 81 hybrids were selected as superior hybrids as to their marketable tuber yield and tuber dry matter content. Hybrids selected consisted of 17 hybrids from ♂ Satina × ♀ Luca population, 36 hybrids from ♂ Ceaser × ♀ Luca population, 14 hybrids from ♂ Savalan × ♀ Luca population, 7 hybrids from ♂ Savalan × ♀ Ceaser population, 4 hybrids from ♂ Ceaser × ♀ Savalan population, 1 hybrids from ♂ Satina × ♀ Savalan population and 2 hybrids from ♂ Satina × ♀ Savalan population. Cluster analysis divided 104 hybrids and cultivars into three groups. The first group with 49 hybrids had higher average tuber number per plant, marketable tuber yield and tuber dry matter percent than the remaining hybrids. In factor analysis, three independent factor total explained 73.90% of the variations. These were named as, 1- tuber yield and its components factor (marketable tuber yield, tuber number and weight per plant), 2- the plant structures factor (plant height, number of main stems per plant and main stem diameter) and 3- quality factor (tuber dry matter percent). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - The Comparative Observation of Quantitative Characteristics, Heterosis and Dominance Degree in Hybrids Derived from Breeding Populations of True Potato Seed
D. HassanpanahTo create genetic variations in potato during four years of study (2007-11) and use than in breeding programs, some 105 hybrids were selected from cresses of Agria, Savalan, Boren, Kennebek and Ceaser cultivars as hybrids parents, and planted in augmented design at the MoreTo create genetic variations in potato during four years of study (2007-11) and use than in breeding programs, some 105 hybrids were selected from cresses of Agria, Savalan, Boren, Kennebek and Ceaser cultivars as hybrids parents, and planted in augmented design at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station of Ardabil during 2010-2011. The marketable tuber yields produced by the parents and hybrids were 42-52 t.ha-1 and 10.4-138.8 t.ha-1, respectively. The marketable tuber yields of hybrids exhibited 23.81% over dominance, 52.38% incomplete dominance, 13.33% reduction dominance and 10.48% interval dominance. Almost 24% of all hybrids selected produced higher marketable tuber yield than their parents. Heterosis for marketable tuber yield was found to be 58%. Based on the traits considered like marketable tuber yield, tuber uniformity, shallow eye depth, short stolon and yellow flesh and skin color, heterosis and dominancedegrees some 28 hybrids were selected. Among hybrids selected, 14 belonged to ♂Ceaser × ♀Savalan cross (021, 022, 023, 025, 026, 049, 057, 081, 087, 088, 095, 098, 0104 and 0105), four to ♂Savalan × ♀Agria cross (0500, 0502, 0503 0508), five to ♂Ceaser × ♀Agria cross (0611, 0613, 0616, 0618 and 0623) with early to mid-early maturity group, one to ♂Boren × ♀Savalan cross (0205), two to ♂Savalan × ♀Ceaser cross (0300 and 0303) and two to ♂Ceaser × ♀Kennebek cross (0401 and 0403) with mid-late maturity group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Response of some Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties to Changes in Plant Density
Kazhal Pirzahiri Homayoun Kanouni Asaad RokhzadiChickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is commonly grown under dryland conditions during spring on soils that conserve moisture from the preceding season, in Iran. Seeding rate can have a major impact on production of chickpea. A field trial was carried out at Gerizeh Agricultur MoreChickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is commonly grown under dryland conditions during spring on soils that conserve moisture from the preceding season, in Iran. Seeding rate can have a major impact on production of chickpea. A field trial was carried out at Gerizeh Agricultural Research Station of Kurdistan (35°16’N 47°1’E), west of Iran during 2015-16 cropping season. The trial was carried out in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The factor "A" was plant densities, consisting of 15, 25, 35, and 45 plants m-2 and factor "B" was chickpea varieties (Kaka, Pirouz, ILC 482, and Samin). The effect of chickpea varieties and interaction between plant densities and varieties were significant on all measured parameters, except on number of seed per pod, plant height and height of first pod. Also, the effects of plant densities on seed yield, 100 seed weight, leaf chlorophyll index, protein content, plant height, and number of branch per plant were also significant. Results showed that an increase in plant density resulted in significantly higher seed yield per hectare. The mean yields indicated the sensitivity of "Samin" cultivar to high plant population, while it was, suitabilie to cultivar "ILC482" (45 plants m2). "Kaka" and "Pirouz" produce near optimum yields at medium plant densities (25 and 35 plants m-2). Mean yield comparison of cultivar × palnt density showed that cultivars "Pirouz", "ILC482" and "Samin" did not differ significantly in protein content but "Kaka" significantly produced higher protein content the three cultivars. Correlation coefficient for seed yield, number of pods/plant, seed weight, number of branch/ plant and plant height were positive and significant, while for seed yield, and height of first pod were negative and significant. According to the results of the this study Samin, with its large seed size and other desirable characteristics and plant population of 35 plants m-2 can be recommended for planting in Sanandaj and similar climatic areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - Analyzing the factors affecting population decline in the cultural background of Lorestan province based on the opinion of scientific experts (Delphi study)
Marjan Zarandi Khaledi Hasan EsmaeilzadeThe current research was conducted with the aim of finding the reasons for low population growth in Lorestan province. The interactive theory of the population as a theoretical approach is the template in the present research.Method: The research method is qualitative a MoreThe current research was conducted with the aim of finding the reasons for low population growth in Lorestan province. The interactive theory of the population as a theoretical approach is the template in the present research.Method: The research method is qualitative and Delphi type. The statistical population of the research is all media experts, psychology, sociology, demography and religious experts of Lorestan province. Out of this number, 20 people were selected in a targeted manner. A semi-structured interview technique was used to collect information. The duration of the interviews was 30 minutes and their analysis was done using the Claysey method.Findings: Negative individualism, the prevalence of western modernity based on consumption and diversity, women's identity changes, housing problems, marriage problems, youth migration, unemployment, education, the spread of divorce, changing attitudes towards marriage, the spread of virtual media, lack of security. Job, economic weakness, high cost of children, value changes, multiple children as a bad thing, attitude towards children as a luxury item, lack of trust, uncertainty in the future of the country, lack of openness of planners, lack of scientific and theoretical research and the importance of climatic conditions. One of the reasons for population decline in Lorestan province is that they are classified in the form of economic factors in the first place, cultural and social factors, environmental and climatic factors. The current situation can be explained in terms of youth marriage and birth control.Results: In general, it can be concluded that if social and economic platforms and facilitators are realized in the field of changing the society's attitude towards childbearing, with the help of the media in line with macro policies, the problem of decreasing the population of the province can be solved to some extent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Research in the field of economic sociology: Investigating the effect of population growth and population structure on economic growth in Iran
Mohamadreza alizade emamzadeEconomic sociology studies the main economic issues of markets, enterprises, industrial centers to production, consumption and distribution. The focus of the new economic sociology is on the role of relationships and institutions and social construction in the economy. MoreEconomic sociology studies the main economic issues of markets, enterprises, industrial centers to production, consumption and distribution. The focus of the new economic sociology is on the role of relationships and institutions and social construction in the economy. Population is considered as one of the important and key factors in the process of economic growth and development of countries. In addition to population growth, the age structure of the population also has important and decisive effects on economic growth by changing the share of the population in the working age. In this paper, the effect of population growth on economic growth with emphasis on the population structure of Iran during the period 1965-2014 has been studied using Markov-switching vector autoregression method. Estimates were made for the three age groups of 0-15 years, 15-64 years and over 64 years in 3 situations (before the war, during the war and the order to increase the population, the period after the war and the order to reduce the population). The results showed that the population group of 0-15 years had no effect on economic growth in any situation, the population group of 15-64 years and above 64 years and population growth on economic growth in position 1 and 3 had a positive effect on economic growth and In situation 2 (period of population growth and due to rising unemployment) have had a negative effect on economic growth. According to the results, the right population policies should be implemented to support and help economic growth and prevent inconsistencies and imbalances in various economic sectors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Investigation of trends to fertility and the related social factors (A case study of married women 15 to 50 years in Tabriz)
Hamideh Savabi FIRUZ RADIran as a transferring country from aging and developing points of view has quick fertility decline in recent years. Fertility relates to human’s biologic and social conditions. The aim of this study is the recognition of social factors related to tendency to fert MoreIran as a transferring country from aging and developing points of view has quick fertility decline in recent years. Fertility relates to human’s biologic and social conditions. The aim of this study is the recognition of social factors related to tendency to fertility. Using survey, data are obtained from 460 married women 15 to 50 years in Tabriz with multi-stage cluster sampling. The results show religious belief is one of the most important factors in women’s tendency to fertility. As shown in the results of multi-stage regression, the major part of tendency to fertility is religious belief (21%) and in total, 30%of tendency to fertility is determined by religious belief, ideal child, social capital, and residence period in Tabriz and social status. The obtained data show that women age has maximum effect on fertility and social status has the minimum effect on it. Finally it can be concluded that Bongart, Noshtein, Rang and Beaker’ s theories and also social status theories , religious beliefs and social capital are appropriate in determining the relationship between social factors and tendency to fertility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - The review of the relationship between out-group social capital and happiness among the citizens of Tehran in 1390
Mirtaher Mosavi Hassan Rafii Davood GasemzadehThis research reviews the relationship between out-group social capital and happiness among the citizens of Tehran. Joy and happiness are one of the essential needs of the modern man against the opportunities and challenges resulting from advances in information and com MoreThis research reviews the relationship between out-group social capital and happiness among the citizens of Tehran. Joy and happiness are one of the essential needs of the modern man against the opportunities and challenges resulting from advances in information and communication technologies. The research method is correlation and the data collected through quantitative method and by a questionnaire. The statistical population of the research is the citizens of Tehran and 412 people selected through Cochran formula and multistage cluster sampling method. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS. The results show that there is high correlation between out-group social capital and happiness. Also, there is meaningful and positive relationship between happiness and hypothesis concerning education, marital status, income and employment status. Also, there is no correlation between age and gender and happiness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Effects of chemical and microbial fertilizers on the biodiversity indices of phytoplankton and zooplankton orders and density of primary production of earthen ponds of common carp fry
Mehdi Shamsaie MehrganAbstractIn this study, the effect of chemical and microbial fertilizers on the density of primary products and biodiversity indices of phytoplankton and zooplankton biodiversity categories over a period of three months in a hydrothermal fish farm located in Abadan city MoreAbstractIn this study, the effect of chemical and microbial fertilizers on the density of primary products and biodiversity indices of phytoplankton and zooplankton biodiversity categories over a period of three months in a hydrothermal fish farm located in Abadan city were studied and compared. The experiment was completely randomized, consisting of two treatments, each with three replications, including the first treatment: water’s pond fertilized by chemical fertilizers and cow manure, and the second treatment: water’s pond fertilized by microbial fertilizers and cow manure. In this study, different types of phosphate fertilizers at the rate of 75 kg per hectare and microbial fertilizers including two nitrogen bacteria, Azotobacter chroococcum, and Bacillus coagulans were used. The results of this study showed that the mean of phytoplankton counted in the first treatment (chemical fertilizer) was significantly higher than their number in the second treatment (microbial fertilizer) (P<0.05). Among them, most of the counted phytoplankton belonged to the Bacillariophyceae class in chemical fertilizer treatment. However, the mean of zooplankton counted in the second treatment (microbial fertilizer) indicated a higher number of zooplankton compared to the first treatment (chemical fertilizer) (P<0.05). Among them, most of the counted zooplankton belonged to the Rotifer class in microbial treatment. In conclusion, due to the zooplankton being eaten by most carp juveniles in hydrothermal ponds in the first year of breeding and a significant increase in zooplankton population in microbial fertilizer treatment compared to chemical fertilizer, it can be concluded that microbial fertilizers have a positive effect on the number of zooplankton in hydrothermal pools. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - Genetic comparison of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea populations of the Cobia, Rachycentron canadum by means of microsatellite technique
M.A. Salari Aliabadi S. Rezvani Gilkolaei A. Savari H. Zolgharnian S.M.B. Nabavi In this study genetic diversity of Cobia, Rachycentron canadum populations were assessed using microsatellite technique in the northern coasts of Persian Gulf (Booshehr, Dayer Port, Lengeh Port & Ban More In this study genetic diversity of Cobia, Rachycentron canadum populations were assessed using microsatellite technique in the northern coasts of Persian Gulf (Booshehr, Dayer Port, Lengeh Port & Bandarabass) and Oman Sea (Pozm & Beris of Chabahar). Polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were conducted on the target DNA using 10 paired microsatellite primers. PCR products were electrophoresed on polyacrylamid gels (8%) that were stained using silver nitrate. Diagram of genetic distance was calculated using the UPGMA method in TFPGA version 1.3 for any level of the hierarchy. The results showed that the mean of observed and effective allele number was 12.357 and 8.319 respectively. Mean observed and expected heterozygosity was 0.655 and 0.874 respectively. Based on Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) the highest Fst (0.063) was observed when comparing specimens from Dayer Port zone and Pozm of Chabahar zone (Nm=3.7). The highest genetic distance (0.815) was observed between specimens from Dayer Port zone and Beris of Chabahar zone. The result obtained from the present study shows that at least 3 different population of R. canadum are found in the northern coasts of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, which are including: Booshehr region population, Bandarabass region population, and Chabahar region population. Specific markers were also identified for of the Booshehr zone population identified. The Booshehr population zone can be identified using primers Rca 1B-E08A, Rca 1B-F07, Rca 1B-H09 and Rca 1-A04. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - Genetic variability and differentiation of golden mullet (Liza aurata) in seashore of Mazandaran province using microsatellite molecular
Mohammad BehroozAbstractGenetic structure of golden mullet, Liza aurata, was investigated in the Ramsar and Fereidunkenar shores using 6 microsatellite markers designed for gray mullet (Mugil cephalus) and hand mullet (Mugil soiuy). Totally, 60 samples of adult golden mullet were colle MoreAbstractGenetic structure of golden mullet, Liza aurata, was investigated in the Ramsar and Fereidunkenar shores using 6 microsatellite markers designed for gray mullet (Mugil cephalus) and hand mullet (Mugil soiuy). Totally, 60 samples of adult golden mullet were collected from these regions. All primer sets as polymorphic loci were used to analyze the genetic variation. Analyses revealed that average of alleles (Na) per locus was 6.2 (range 3 to 9 alleles). All sampled regions contained private alleles. The average estimates of inbreeding coefficient (Fis) values of 6 microsatellites were positive. The average observed and expected heterozygosis was 0.394 and 0.743 respectively. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were in all cases (P<0.001). F-statistics (Fst) and gene flow (Nm) estimates in allele frequencies were 0.078 and 2.9, respectively. Rst and Fst estimates in AMOVA indicated significant genetic differentiation among regions (P≤0.01). Genetic distance was 0.679, indicating that the genetic difference among the studied populations is pronounced. The data generated in this study provides the genetic variation and differentiation in populations of golden mullet in the southern Caspian Sea (Mazandaran province). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - Comparative Study of Feyz Kashani's Policy by Implementing Islamic Criminal Law
mohesen safari reza ZahraviIn the modern criminal, decriminalization is an issue that have been inevitably raised because of criminal population inflation. In the present article, the authors tried to explain this issue. In the last part of this article, the view point of Fiqh Imamiyeh has been s MoreIn the modern criminal, decriminalization is an issue that have been inevitably raised because of criminal population inflation. In the present article, the authors tried to explain this issue. In the last part of this article, the view point of Fiqh Imamiyeh has been studied and analyzed too. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - Reinvestigation of Jurisprudential Policies at Population Control and Family Regulation
forozan alaei Sosan Aal RasoulTo give attention to importance of decrease or increase of human population at different aspects (scientific, cultural, social, political and economic) we try in this article to choose the best idea, to agree or disagree with birth control, to take into consideration of MoreTo give attention to importance of decrease or increase of human population at different aspects (scientific, cultural, social, political and economic) we try in this article to choose the best idea, to agree or disagree with birth control, to take into consideration of jurisprudences ideas and their basis. So we will analyze it, after explanation of four main ideas about population, in the opinion of Muslim jurisprudences that is conforming to each of them. Anyway, Islam never had ordered about increasing or decreasing population, explicitly and clearly, so the final strategy will he determined in respect to Islamic principles and doctrines and time and place necessities and social conditions. This important duty in this responsibility of Islamic ruler, that issues “The governor rule†to keep the public discipline, and orders new rules and occasional laws to regulate the social affairs, based on the interests and mischievous that determines, and reacts to special needs of time and place, while keeping the basis. It proves that Islam conforms to the theory of proportional population. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum on microbial population of Iranian fermented pickle
زهرا Nilchian S.H Razavi ابراهیم Rahimi Pickle fermentation is a natural process in which microorganisms could affect the quality of the product. Amongst, Lactobacillus plantarum strains that improve the quality of fermented pickle. In this study, in order to produce safe and desirable fermented More Pickle fermentation is a natural process in which microorganisms could affect the quality of the product. Amongst, Lactobacillus plantarum strains that improve the quality of fermented pickle. In this study, in order to produce safe and desirable fermented pickle, local cucumbers were immersed in 5% and 7% (w/v) brine solutions. The samples were inoculated with 0, 4 ´106, 4 ´107 and 6 ´108 cfu/ml of L. plantarum. The samples were kept at ambient temperature for 15 days followed by 30 days storage at 4 °C and 25 °C. The bacterial populations were analyzed during the aforementioned stages of fermentation and storage. According to the results, the maximum quantity (8.57 log10 cfu/ml) of L. plantarum was observed in the 9 day of fermentation and in the samples inoculated with 6 ´108 cfu/ml and kept in 5% brine solution. Moreover, compared to the other samples, the population of yeasts and aerobic mesophilic count were the least in the samples inoculated with 6 ´108 cfu/ml of L. plantarum and stored in 7% brine solution. During the storage period, the population of L. plantarum, yeasts and aerobic mesophilic in the samples stored at 25 °C were higher than the samples stored at 4 °C. Results revealed that in the 30 day of storage, the highest load (5.47 log10 cfu/ml) of L. plantarum was observed in the samples kept in 7% brine solution at 4 °C. It was concluded that providing the condition that favors the appropriate growth of L. plantarum could help to hinder the growth of undesirable organisms in fermented pickle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - The effects of different levels of arginine on cecum microbial population and serum antioxidant properties of healthy and coccidia-challenged broiler chicks
ّfatemeh Izadi ghoulam Ali moghaddam Ahmad Nematollahi monireh khordad mehr Mahdi Abbasabadi Hadi GhanbarzadehCocidiosis causes annual economic losses in industrial poultry farms and nutritional strategies can alleviate these losses. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of arginine on cecum microbial population and serum antioxidant proper MoreCocidiosis causes annual economic losses in industrial poultry farms and nutritional strategies can alleviate these losses. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of arginine on cecum microbial population and serum antioxidant properties of healthy and Eimeria-challenged broiler chicks. Experimental treatments included healthy and challenged broiler chicks fed with 85, 100, 125 and 150% of the recommended arginine. To conduct bacterial culture, samples were collected aseptically from cecum during slaughter (on days 21 and 42). The levels of antioxidant and oxidant factors and nitric oxide were also assessed in the serum of broiler chicks. The chicks which had received 125 and 150% of arginine showed lower E. coli population and higher population of lactobacillus, total bacteria, bifidiobacteria and pH in the cecum (p < /em><0.05), but entrococous population was not influenced (p < /em>>0.05). Eimeria challenge decreased the level of glutathione peroxidase, super oxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity and increased the levels of malondialdehyde (p < /em><0.05), but inclusion of arginine in the levels of 125 and 150% only increased the level of glutathione peroxidase (p < /em><0.05), and did not have any effect on other parameters (p < /em><0.05). In summary, consumption of arginine in higher levels (125 and 150%) decreased the pathogenic population and increased the beneficial bacteria and the level of glutathione peroxidase in Eimeria-challenged broiler chicks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Evaluating educational inequalities in attaining educational opportunities: A case study of Dehloran`s elementary schools in the academic year 2011-2012
Javad ShirKarami Saeed BakhtiarpourIn this study, the issue of educational inequalities is investigated in different educational areas through a case study at Dehloran`s elementary schools. The present study is a documentary study; the demographic data required for this study has been acquired by statist MoreIn this study, the issue of educational inequalities is investigated in different educational areas through a case study at Dehloran`s elementary schools. The present study is a documentary study; the demographic data required for this study has been acquired by statistical data from the recent census of population and Housing as well as information regarding education (students, teachers and educational buildings) using the statistics provided by Dehloran education office. Then, the statistics were classified and adjusted in the researcher made information. To compare and rank the amount to which different areas and regions (rural or urban) benefit from elementary education, indicators and formulas for educational planning such as the index of region selection, Gini coefficient, Lorenz curve, and benefit levels chart were used. Moreover, in order to determine the educational inequalities, the data was analyzed using enrollment fees and the actual educational coverage, the ratio of students to teachers, utilization coefficient of educational spaces, and rates of the educational efficiency. The results of this study indicate that there is not a proper balance among different regions and areas (weather urban or rural) of Dehloran in terms of benefited educational opportunities. In terms of enrollment fees and educational coverage as well as access to elementary school teachers, urban areas as compared with rural areas and boys as compared with girls are at a higher level. Urban areas have more access to educational spaces compared to rural areas. As for the rates of educational efficiency, girls and urban areas are superior to boys and rural areas, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - A Study of the Relationship between Bonding Social Capital and Happiness among the citizens of Tehran (1390)
Vahideh Zolfi Akbar Rezaei Mir Taher Mousavi Hassan Rafiei Davoud GhasemzadehThe aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between bonding social capital and happiness among the citizens of Tehran. Rapid developments in Technology and information have created a gop within contemporary human beings. The growing depression and other men MoreThe aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between bonding social capital and happiness among the citizens of Tehran. Rapid developments in Technology and information have created a gop within contemporary human beings. The growing depression and other mental-social problems show the lack of happiness among people. Through reviewing the related literature, it seems that bonding social capital has an important role in people's happiness. The present study is a correlational one, the statistical population of which are all the citizen in Tehran. The sample of the study, including 412 people, were selected through cluster sampling using Cochran formula. Two questionnaires of boding social capital and happiness (Oxford) were used to collect the data. The findings showed a high relationship between bonding social capital and happiness (0.49). In this research income, education, residential area, and employment had a positive significant relationship with happiness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - مشخصههای اقتصادی، اجتماعی ، جمعیتی و ادراک از فساد جوانان تهرانی
منصور حقیقتیان علی سیف زادهامروزه یکی از مهمترین آسیبهایی که نظم نوین اجتماعی در عرصه بروکراتیک اداری را به خطر میاندازد، مسأله فساد و نابسامانی اداری است که در مقابل سلامت اداری به عنوان یکی از اساسیترین دغدغه های مسؤولان اجرایی کشور به شمار میرود. فساد اداری به عنوان شکلی از انحرافات اجتما Moreامروزه یکی از مهمترین آسیبهایی که نظم نوین اجتماعی در عرصه بروکراتیک اداری را به خطر میاندازد، مسأله فساد و نابسامانی اداری است که در مقابل سلامت اداری به عنوان یکی از اساسیترین دغدغه های مسؤولان اجرایی کشور به شمار میرود. فساد اداری به عنوان شکلی از انحرافات اجتماعی در زمره یکی از مهمترین موانع پیشرفت اقتصادی و اجتماعی جوامع است. فساد دو رویه دارد. یک رویه آن، ادراکی است که نسبت به فساد در جامعه وجود دارد، یعنی باورهایی که جامعه نسبت به وجود فساد و گستره آن دارد. رویه دیگر، سنجش و ارزیابی فساد و تعیین شاخصهایی برای آن میباشد. هدف کلی این پژوهش بررسی رابطه مشخصه های اقتصادی، اجتماعی، جمعیتی و ادراک از فساد شهروندان تهرانی می باشد. در این پژوهش از روش پیمایشی و از ابزار پرسشنامه بهره گرفته شده است. جامعه (جمعیت) آماری تحقیق کلیه جوانان شهر تهران می باشند. همچنین از روش نمونه گیری خوشه ای استفاده شده است و حجم نمونه 2690 نفر می باشد. برای سنجش از دو نوع اعتبار محتوا و اعتبار سازه و برای محاسبهی پایایی از آزمون آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شده است. نتایج تحقیق نیز با استفاده از نرم افزار آماری SPSS در دو سطح توصیفی و تحلیلی استخراج شده است. یافتههای تحقیق نشان می دهد که : 1) بین جنسیت پاسخگویان و ادراک آنها از فساد رابطه معنیداری وجود دارد، به این معنی که ادراک از فساد پاسخگویان زن بیش از مردان می باشد و زنان میزان آلوده شدن سازمانها، نهادها، بخشها و فعالیتها را به فساد بیش از مردان ارزیابی کردهاند.2) رابطه ای مستقیم بین ادراک از فساد و سطح تحصیلات پاسخگویان وجود دارد، به این معنی که با افزایش سطح تحصیلات افراد ادراک از فساد آنها نیز بیشتر می شود. 3) بین وضع تأهل پاسخگویان و ادراک آنها از فساد رابطه معنیداری وجود دارد، به این معنی که ادراک از فساد پاسخگویان مجرد بیش از پاسخگویان متأهل میباشد. 4) بین سن و پایگاه اقتصادی و اجتماعی پاسخگویان و ادراک آنها از فساد رابطه معنی داری وجود ندارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - الگوهای ازدواج و ارتباط آن با رضایت زناشویی؛ مورد مطالعه دانشجویان همسردار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحدسنندج*
جلیل سحابی سعید خانی اسعد خانیهدف اصلی این مقاله، بررسی و شناخت الگوهای ازدواج و ارتباط این الگوها با رضایت زناشویی دانشجویان شاغل به تحصیل در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد سنندج است. چارچوب نظری مطالعه از ترکیب نظریات نوسازی، همسانهمسری، میدانی لوین و مبادله گرفته شده و بر مبنای آنها، مدل نظری و فرضیا Moreهدف اصلی این مقاله، بررسی و شناخت الگوهای ازدواج و ارتباط این الگوها با رضایت زناشویی دانشجویان شاغل به تحصیل در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد سنندج است. چارچوب نظری مطالعه از ترکیب نظریات نوسازی، همسانهمسری، میدانی لوین و مبادله گرفته شده و بر مبنای آنها، مدل نظری و فرضیات تحقیق ساخته و پرداخته شد. این مطالعه با رویکردی توصیفی- تحلیلی و به روش پیمایشی در سال 1391 انجام گرفت. دادههای تحقیق با تکنیک پرسشنامه ترکیبی (محققساخته و استاندارد) از 272 نفر دانشجوی همسردار که با روشهای طبقهای متناسب و خوشهای یک مرحلهای انتخاب شدند، جمعآوری گردید. نتایج مطالعه حاکی از به تأییدرسیدن اکثریت فرضیات تحقیق بود، هر چند که برخی از یافتهها در جهت مورد انتظار نبوده است. بر اساس نتایج، سطح و میزان رضایت زناشویی بر حسب الگوهای ازدواج، عوامل همسانهمسری و ویژگیهای جمعیتی پاسخگویان و همسران آنها متفاوت و معنیدار بوده است. نتایج رگرسیون چند متغیره حاکی از آن بود که در رضایت زناشویی دانشجویان ترکیبی از عوامل الگوهای ازدواج و عوامل جمعیتی و نوسازی تأثیر دارند و این عوامل حدود 65 درصد از تغییرات رضایت زناشویی را توضیح میدهند. به طور خلاصه، نتایج مطالعه حاضر با پیشفرضهای رویکردهای نوسازی و ایدهای، همسان همسری و تا حدودی نظریه میدانی لوین انطباق داشته است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - An analysis of the social effects and consequences of the increase in high-rise development in Iranian metropolises (case study: Tabriz metropolis)
Vida Hosseinpour Hossein Asghari Alireza Poursheykhian Seyyede Sedighe HasanimehrIn today's era, due to the increasing increase in urban population and the lack of enough empty land for construction, it has caused the vertical development of cities and high-rise construction in Iran. In addition to its positive effects, the tendency to build high-ri MoreIn today's era, due to the increasing increase in urban population and the lack of enough empty land for construction, it has caused the vertical development of cities and high-rise construction in Iran. In addition to its positive effects, the tendency to build high-rise buildings in the big cities of Iran has had harmful effects and consequences in different dimensions, especially in the social dimension. In this regard, the aim of the current research is to investigate the effects and social consequences of the increase in high-rise construction in Tabriz metropolis. The research method in the current study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical nature, in order to analyze the information were used partial least squares method in Warp-pls software and F test or analysis of variance. The statistical population of the research includes the citizens of the 1st, 2nd and 5th regions of Tabriz, that is, the residents of Aftab Towers in Valiasr (region 1), Asman Towers in El Goli (region 2) and Mehr Towers in Roshdieh town (region 5), which is in line with determining the sample size. Cochran's method was used and the sample size was determined to be 384 people. The findings of the research show that the most important social consequences of high-rise development in Tabriz metropolis are related to the components of disruption in social interactions, reduced sense of belonging to a place, disruption in socialization, reduction in mental health and disruption in privacy, which the coefficients obtained from the structural model are 0.651, 0.574, 0.433, 0.411 and 0.383 for each. Also, among the sub-components, the highest impact of high-rise development is related to the reduction of social connections with friends and neighbors, reduction of place identity and sense of place belonging, and lack of formation of participation and social trust between residents. The predictive power of the designed model is analyzed using the coefficient value for the dependent variables, values greater than or equal to 0.1 have been specified for the determination coefficient. Therefore, it was concluded that the structural model of the current research has sufficient power. In this model, 13.4% of the variance of the variables of social effects and consequences of high-ranking is justified by the variables entering it. Based on the Stone-Geyser test, because the values of the Geyser test are calculated to be higher than zero, it shows that the considered model has the necessary capacity and predictive power.Also, the comparative analysis of the studied towers based on the analysis of variance method shows that there is no significant difference between the social consequences caused by high-rise construction between these towers. Variance analysis test is used to measure the difference between the average of a variable in more than two groups (3 groups and more). According to the amount of F statistic with 22.321 and a significance level of less than 95%, the obtained results indicate that there is no significant difference between the selected indicators in the current research between the towers under study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - Evaluation of urban services in ten areas of Tabriz metropolis
Shokoofeh Moshfeghifar Bakhtyar Ezatpanah Mirnajaf MousaviThe disorder of the distribution system of service centers in urban spaces has paved the way for social inequality of citizens in accessing these services. Therefore, paying attention to services and how to distribute them in cities is a basic principle in the direction MoreThe disorder of the distribution system of service centers in urban spaces has paved the way for social inequality of citizens in accessing these services. Therefore, paying attention to services and how to distribute them in cities is a basic principle in the direction of sustainable development of cities and the basis of spatial justice. The aim of this research is spatial analysis of urban services in ten areas of Tabriz metropolis. For this purpose, the library method was used to collect information. The present study is descriptive-analytical in terms of purpose and applied in terms of results. To analyze and distribute urban services, 17 types of public services were used using quantitative models and also to determine the type of relationship between population and urban services, Pearson correlation test was used in Excel. The results showed that zones 2 and 3 have the best situation in terms of distribution of urban services and region 9 is in an unfavorable situation and has the least public services. The results also show a low correlation between municipal services and population. In general, the findings indicate that the distribution of services is not done properly and is more focused and polar. Therefore, suggestions were made to get out of this situation and achieve a balanced distribution of the city's public services. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - Analysis of Spatial Justice in the Distribution of Service Uses in Urban Areas (Case Study: 5 Regions - Urmia)
MirNajaf Mousavi Sajjad Omidvarfar Robab Hoseinzadeh Nima BayramzadehThe main purpose of this study is to rank the five regions of Urmia based on the spatial distribution of population and service uses. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. The information of this research collected by i MoreThe main purpose of this study is to rank the five regions of Urmia based on the spatial distribution of population and service uses. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. The information of this research collected by interview, observation and fish taking methods. The statistical population includes the population of the five regions of Urmia. Ginny coefficient, MABAC model, scattering coefficient and Spearman correlation coefficient used to analyze the collected data. The results of this study indicate that according to the results of the Gini model, the distribution of population in the five regions is balanced. The results of MABAC model show that region 5, ranked first, region 1, ranked second, region 4, ranked third, region 3, ranked fourth and region 2, ranked fifth. In terms of distribution and distribution of service uses. According to the results of the dispersion coefficient, the use of cultural and artistic centers with the value of 145.94 has the highest and the use of urban facilities and equipment with the value of 83.86 have the lowest dispersion coefficient among other uses. According to the results of Spearman correlation coefficient, there is a strong indirect relationship between the spatial distribution of population and the distribution of service uses in the city of Urmia. According to the collected results, the city of Urmia needs a general review in order to better plan for the fair distribution of service uses in the five areas of the city of Urmia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - Analysis of relationship between demographic characteristics and development Level in Provinces of Iran
Mirnajaf Mousavi Aliakbar Taghilo Ali Bagheri KashkooliToday, population has become an important issue in development and lack of development. Phenomena of urbanization, as one of the most important consequences population growth in the 21st century, is that had the crisis and seriously damaged to development process areas MoreToday, population has become an important issue in development and lack of development. Phenomena of urbanization, as one of the most important consequences population growth in the 21st century, is that had the crisis and seriously damaged to development process areas and cities and led to has the development of severe inequality. The purpose of this study is the relationship analyzing between population and development in the provinces. The method of Research is, descriptive and analytical. Parameters studied is, 7 demographic indicators, and 30 indicators economic, cultural, industrial, and housing. To the data analysis, was used from TOPSIS model, statistical correlation, regression, analysis of variance. The results show that, Tehran and the Alborz were identified the most development respectively 0.9861 and 0.9824 and the provinces of Sistan and Blochestan with the development of the 0.0069 as undeveloped. Multiple correlation coefficients will confirm with the 0.901 relationship between population and development indicators. Regression coefficient indicates that is the 76.5% of the changes development province from indicators’ population (population density, urbanization rate, activity rate, Dependence coefficient, literacy rate, sex ratio of immigrants entered). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - تمایل گردشگران صنعت جهانگردی مبتنی بر عوامل محصول و جمعیتشناختی (مطالعه موردی: نوشهر و چالوس)
داود کیا کجوری معصومه خلیلی صرافی -
Open Access Article
169 - بررسی نقش کشاورزی در پایداری جمعیت روستایی (مورد مطالعه: بخش دهدز؛ شهرستان ایذه)
هدایت الله نوری حجت اله صادقی هادی راستی هدایت الله درویشی -
Open Access Article
170 - بررسی نقش عوامل طبیعی در توزیع جغرافیایی جمعیت و سکونتگاههای شهری با استفاده از GIS و Geoda(مطالعه موردی: استان آذربایحانغربی)
میرنجف موسوی حسین نظم فر احمد آفتاب -
Open Access Article
171 - بررسی ارتباط بین ویژگیهای مکانی- فضایی و عوامل مؤثر بر مشارکت زنان در سطح جامعه روستایی (مطالعه موردی: دهستان درزآب – شهرستان مشهد)
علی اکبر عنابستانی سحر احمدزاده -
Open Access Article
172 - Study of Diversity and Population of Terrestrial birds in the Margin of Miangharan Wetland in Winter and Spring
Behrouz Behrouzi-RadIn this study, 32 bird species from 17 families on the margin of Miangharan wetland were identified. The identification of birds carried out every month in a day from December 2017 to the end of June 2017 by walking along the edge of the Miangharan marsh with the camera MoreIn this study, 32 bird species from 17 families on the margin of Miangharan wetland were identified. The identification of birds carried out every month in a day from December 2017 to the end of June 2017 by walking along the edge of the Miangharan marsh with the camera and the telescope through direct observation and the total count method. A total of 1,643 birds was counted, with the highest number in February of 386, and the lowest number in June was 209 individuals, and the highest number of birds was 970 in the winter and the lowest population in the spring of 673 birds. The similarity coefficient between the community of terrestrial birds in winter and spring was 95.5% and Euclidean difference was 125.22. The highest evenness was observed in March (0.691) and the lowest evenness was in June (0.448). The most diversity of Margalf, Shannon, and Menhinink were in March, 926/4, 807/1 and 854/2 respectively. Diversity of Whitaker, Harrison and William were zero in between winter and spring bird communities. The t-test showed that there was no significant difference between population and the number of species in both spring and winter seasons with 95% confidence. These studies have shown that the Miangharan wetland, in addition to protecting and maintaining waterbirds in the winter, is also important for the conservation and provides habitats for terrestrial birds and should be considered in its management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - The effect of population growth on land use change ( case study: Vaz catchment, noor)
shabanali gholami mahmood habibneghad roshan mostafa nooripoorThe effect of population growth on land use change ( case study: Vaz catchment, noor) S.gholami[1], M.habibneghad roashan[2], M.nooripoor[3] Abstract At present research impact­ of increasing population on land use changes were investigated in Vaz MoreThe effect of population growth on land use change ( case study: Vaz catchment, noor) S.gholami[1], M.habibneghad roashan[2], M.nooripoor[3] Abstract At present research impact­ of increasing population on land use changes were investigated in Vaz catchment. The Vaz catchment is having 14,102 hectares area and it is located at Natel-Restaq region in Chamestan district and Noor city. For this research is used descriptive method. And for preparing data and information is done laboratory study, field measuring and documents collection, and also they saved in data base bank by Excel software, then they were analyzed by SPSS.16 software, and then the results of them were compared by using T- test parametric and ANOVA test, and at final stage to terracing of graphs was used EXCEL, 2000. In this study, the stages of variations land use is done at three different durations by using aerial photos with 1/20000 scale from 1345 to 1371 and up to 1381 years. And also each of land use area was determined by using of GIS tools in each of duration. The results of variance analysis are shown affirmative on impact of increasing of population for each variations of different land use area. As the results of analyzes test have shown, increasing of population on variations of different land use were significant at 95% level. [1] - Nour branch, Islamic azad university, , nour, iran [2] - Sari agricultureal sciences sciences and natural resources university [3] - Department of Natural Resources and Watershed , Nour , Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - Effect of plant density on some growth and physiological responses, and antioxidant enzymes activities of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under different irrigation levels
Mohammad Barzali Mohammad Nasri Maziyar Karimi FarIn order to investigate the effect of different levels of plant density and irrigation on some morphologic and physiologic responses and antioxidants activities in chickpea cv. Hashem, an experiment was conducted at Goonbad-e-Kavoos region during 2012-2013 cropping seas MoreIn order to investigate the effect of different levels of plant density and irrigation on some morphologic and physiologic responses and antioxidants activities in chickpea cv. Hashem, an experiment was conducted at Goonbad-e-Kavoos region during 2012-2013 cropping season. Treatments were arranged as split plot in randomized complete block design with four replications. Different irrigation regime levels (rainfed without irrigation, irrigation at flowering stage, and irrigation during pod filling stage) were assigned to main plots and sub-plots comprised of different plant densities (20, 30, 50, and 70 plants/m2). Results showed that different irrigation regimes significantly affected traits except for days to 50% flowering and plant height but plant density factor had significant impacts only on days to 50% flowering, plant height, days to physiologic maturity, seed yield, biologic yield, and leaf chlorophyll index. Results showed that irrigation caused significant increase in leaf relative water content and leaf chlorophyll index while it decreased grain protein content, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Maximum and minimum grain protein contents were produced in no-irrigation and irrigation during pod filling stage, respectively. Meanwhile, the maximum and minimum grain yield was gained by irrigation at flowering stage and rainfed without irrigation, respectively. Under plant density levels, the maximum and minimum grain yield was produced in 70 plants/m2 and 20 plants/m2, respectively. Irrigation at flowering stage × 70 plants/m2 had the highest grain yield among all treatments of the study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - Genetic structure of population and association analysis of some morpho-physiological traits of bread wheat under salinity stress using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR)
Sasan Farhangian Kashani Amin Azadi shahab Khaghani Mehdi Changizi Masood GomarianAssociation analysis of 105 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes was carried out using 12 SSR markers. For this purpose, wheat seeds were planted in pots in a randomized complete block design with three replications under normal (10 mM NaCl) and saline (120 mM N MoreAssociation analysis of 105 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes was carried out using 12 SSR markers. For this purpose, wheat seeds were planted in pots in a randomized complete block design with three replications under normal (10 mM NaCl) and saline (120 mM NaCl) conditions and the activity of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and total protein contents were measured. The results of combined analysis of variance showed that the activity of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and total protein contents were significantly different in the bread wheat cultivars under study. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that gwm67b and gwm282d markers under salinity conditions were more correlated with catalase activity in the studied species. Also, gwm291a, wmc73a, and barc124a markers were the most effective markers in association with APX enzyme. Analysis of the population structure and the resulting plot showed that the K Index and the Average Likelihood Logarithm had the highest value at K =2 (57.38), thus the population under study has most probably 2 subpopulations. Tassel analysis of SSR markers under normal irrigation and salinity irrigation conditions obtained 54 loci related to the traits under study in control condition and 61 loci in salinity condition based on the general linear model (GLM) and also 35 related loci in control condition and 20 loci in salinity condition based on the mixed linear model (MLM) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - Study of morphological diversity, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity in different populations of Nepeta nuda and Nepeta crassifolia in habitats of Ardabil and East Azerbaijan provinces
Rasoul Narimani Mohammad Moghaddam Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbaloti Danial ShokouhiNepeta L., belongs to Lamiaceae family, is containing different annual and perennial species which are found in different parts of Asia, Europe and North Africa. In order to evaluate the morphological diversity, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity between 6 MoreNepeta L., belongs to Lamiaceae family, is containing different annual and perennial species which are found in different parts of Asia, Europe and North Africa. In order to evaluate the morphological diversity, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity between 6 populations of Nepeta nuda and Nepeta crassifolia, the aerial parts of these plants in flowering stages were collected in summer 2015 from Ardabil and east Azerbaijan provinces. The morphological traits included plant height, number of sub-branches, leaf length and width, number of nodes, inflorescence length, internode length and length of sub-branch were measured. Methanolic extract were obtained by maceration, phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalto method and antioxidant activity were measurement DPPH radical scavenging capacity method, respectively. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with 3 replications and the comparison of data average was done by LSD test at 5% probability level. Results were showed that the first population (Nepetacrassifolia - Razi) was superior in morphological characteristics compared to other populations of this species. The highest antioxidant activity (74.96%)and total phenolic content (9.88mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram of fresh weight), was obtained from the leaves and flowers of population 3 (Heyran), respectively. Maximum plant height, leaf length and width, number of nodes were observed in population 6 (Meshkin) of Nepeta nuda and also the highest antioxidant activity and total phenolic content were perceived in leaves of population 5 (Heris) and flowers of population 4 (Meshkin-Heris), respectively. Generally the most total phenolic content and antioxidant activity between two species were observed in population 3 (Heyran) which is belong to the Nepeta crassifolia. It seems that the height of sea level had significant effect on populations phenolic content and antioxidant activity. So the populations of 1 and 6, which both species were desirable at evaluated morphological traits so that these populations can be considered in breeding and domestication programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - Evaluation of essential oil composition in three population of Hymenocrater calycinus( Boiss.) Benth. in different regions of Mazandaran province
Younes Asri Fereshteh Sadeh Hoseinabad Ghaeini Atosa Vaziri Mohammad AkbarzadehHymenocrater calycinus (Boiss.) Benth. is belongs to Lamiaceae family as an medicinal plant with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, which has been wild distributed in rocky, Juniperus woodland and Artemisia steppe habitats in North, North East, East and Central o MoreHymenocrater calycinus (Boiss.) Benth. is belongs to Lamiaceae family as an medicinal plant with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, which has been wild distributed in rocky, Juniperus woodland and Artemisia steppe habitats in North, North East, East and Central of Iran (150-2500 m). In this research to purpose of evaluated of quality and quantity of plant essential oil, the aerial parts of plant in blooming were collected from three wild populations of Hymenocrater calycinus (Boiss.) Benth. (Baladeh paein, 1100 m; Baladeh bala, 1950 m and Orost, 1350 m) in Mazandaran province. Essential oils were obtained by hydro distillation method (Clevenger apparatus) and were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. A total of 56 compounds were identified in the essential oils of all H. calycinus populations. Most components of the plant were identified in the Baladeh bala site (37 compounds), while the highest yields was observed in the Orost site (1.27%). Hexadecanoic acid, spathulenol and 6, 10, 14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone were the main components of essential oils in all three regions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - Evaluation of glabridin content and its relationship with environmental factors in some different populations of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. native to Iran
ghasem eghlima mohsen sanikhani Azizollah Kheiry Javad Hadian mitra aelaeiGlabridin is one of the most flavonoid compounds in Glycyrrhiza glabra L. root with biological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, anti-cancer and neuroprotective properties. In this study, in order to investigate the content of MoreGlabridin is one of the most flavonoid compounds in Glycyrrhiza glabra L. root with biological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, anti-cancer and neuroprotective properties. In this study, in order to investigate the content of glabridin and its relationship with soil and climatic factors, roots with a diameter of 2 cm from 17 populations of licorice were harvested from different regions of Iran in October 2018. and transferred to the Laboratory of Research Institute of Medicinal Plants and Raw Materials at Shahid Beheshti University for analysis. Extraction of the extract was performed using 80% methanol solvent and the content of glabridin was studied by HPLC. Glabridin content of different licorice populations varied from 0.41 (in Yasuj population) to 22.87 (in Kashmar population) mg / g dry weight. Significant positive correlation was observed between glabridin and phosphorus and soil lime content at 1% level. Glabridin content had a significant negative correlation with altitude of 5%. Based on the results of cluster analysis, 17 licorice populations were divided into three main groups. Evaluation of populations for glabridin showed a high diversity so that Kashmar, Ilam and Bojnurd populations can be used as superior populations for domestication and breeding and for food and pharmaceutical industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Phytochemical evaluation of different populations of Tanacetum pinnatum Boiss. in natural habitats using multivariate methods
Fatemehalsadat Serri mohamad bagher Rezaei Abbas ghamarizare Hassanali Naghdi Badi Ali MehrafarinTanacetum pinnatum Boiss. is a perennial plant native to Iran belonging to the Asteraceae family. Which has been used to treat migraine, rheumatism and anti-inflammatory diseases. In this study, phytochemical charchterisic of different populations of T. pinnatum in natu MoreTanacetum pinnatum Boiss. is a perennial plant native to Iran belonging to the Asteraceae family. Which has been used to treat migraine, rheumatism and anti-inflammatory diseases. In this study, phytochemical charchterisic of different populations of T. pinnatum in natural habitats was evaluated by multivariate methods. First, the aerial parts of plant in blooming were collected from Tehran, Alborz, Hamedan and Kermanshah provinces in mid-June to mid-August 2016. The essential oils were extracted by hydro-distillation clevenger device and were analysed by using GC/MS. The results were showed that the effect of population on leaf and flower essential oil was significant (P<0.01) which seems to be due to geographical factors and type of climate. According to the results, 50 compounds were identified in the flower and leaf essential oils of the populations, of which 13 compounds had the highest frequency among the populations and the highest percentage in the leaf and flower essential oils. Based on the principal component analysis and cluster analysis, populations 1, 2, 9, 3 and 5 had the highest composition of flower essential oil, while populations 4, 8 and 10 had the weakest values for most essential oil compounds. Populations 6, 7, 11 and 12 also had moderate amounts of compounds in flower essential oil. However, for leaf essential oil, populations 1, 2, 6, 3, 5 and 10 had the highest essential oil composition, while population 4 had the weakest values for most essential oil compounds and only had a high amount of cubenol. Populations 9, 12, 7, 8 and 11 also had moderate amounts of compounds in leaf essential oil. Population grouping based on their phytochemical assessment did not match their geographical distribution. However, areas with higher E, Z-geranyl acetate،ß-eudesmol and cubenol levels in flowers and leaves had average annual rainfall and higher altitude, average sunshine, and lower annual temperatures (populations 4 and 1). While in areas where populations had higher levels of α-cadinene in flowers, they had the highest average relative humidity, the lowest rainfall and annual temperature. Population 1 had the highest amount of flower ß-eudesmol and was one of the populations that showed a positive correlation between the amount of flower and leaf essential oil and essential oil components. As a result, the best population in the natural habitat was population 1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - Investigation of phytochemical diversity of Viscum album L. populations grown on different hosts in Alborz, Gilan, Mazandaran and Golestan provinces
Hossein Hosseini Ali Mehrafarin Hassanali Naghdi Badi Kambiz Larijani Hossein ZeinaliEuropean mistletoe (Viscum album L.) a semi-parasitic plant that often grows on forest trees and shrubs, is used in the treatment of various diseases such as cancer due to its valuable active ingredients. The quantity and quality of active ingredients in parasitic and s MoreEuropean mistletoe (Viscum album L.) a semi-parasitic plant that often grows on forest trees and shrubs, is used in the treatment of various diseases such as cancer due to its valuable active ingredients. The quantity and quality of active ingredients in parasitic and semi-parasitic plants in addition to genetic and environmental factors, are also affected by the host tree. This study was conducted in a completely randomized design with the aim of investigating the phytochemical diversity of 20 populations of mistletoe on different hosts by collecting samples from different regions of Gilan, Mazandaran, Golestan, and Alborz provinces in the summer of 2017. The extracts were obtained by reflux method with 70% ethanol. The content of syringic acid, total flavonoids, phenolic compounds, protein, and antioxidant activity were measured by a spectrophotometer and HPLC methods in the leaves of plants in different populations. The results showed that the amount of chemical composition of mistletoe populations was affected by environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and altitude, and the type of host tree. These populations were classified into 3 distinct groups. The mistletoe collected from Gilan and Alborz provinces did not have much phytochemical diversity. Populations of Guilan province had the highest mean of total flavonoids, protein, and antioxidant activity. The mistletoe collected from Mazandaran and Golestan provinces had more phytochemical diversity. It seems that in addition to environmental conditions, the host tree type was also responsible for creating the phytochemical diversity of European mistletoe in these provinces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - Phytochemical variation of the seed essential oils of several populations of garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) in different habitats of Iran
Niloufar Jelvehgar Seied Mehdi Miri Khodadad Mostafavi Abdollah MohammadiThe genus Lepidium from the family Brassicaceae has 16 species in Iran, and the most famous species is garden cress (L. sativum), which is used as a vegetable or medicinal plant. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality and quantity of seed essential oil of MoreThe genus Lepidium from the family Brassicaceae has 16 species in Iran, and the most famous species is garden cress (L. sativum), which is used as a vegetable or medicinal plant. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality and quantity of seed essential oil of seven L. sativum populations collected from different climatic regions of Iran. Seeds of L. sativum populations were hydro-distillated by clevenger, and the chemical composition of the essential oils and their quantitative percentages were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The main compounds of seed essential oil were monoterpenes 1,8-cineole (44.5%), α-terpinyl acetate (13.9%) and α-pinene (7.7%). The populations of Karaj, Kerman and Qazvin had the highest amounts of 1,8-cineole, α-terpinyl acetate and α-pinene, respectively. The results of cluster analysis based on the chemical composition of garden cress seed essential oil using the Nearest neighbor method showed that seven studied populations were divided into two groups, and this grouping did not match the geographical coordinates of the regions. The first group included the populations of Kerman, Qazvin, Shahriar and Tabriz, and the second group were the populations of Shiraz, Hamadan and Karaj, which had the highest amount of 1,8-cineole and the lowest amount of α-terpinyl acetate and 7,10-hexadecadienoic acid, methyl ester. According to the results of the bi-plot diagram of principle component analysis (PCA), Karaj population -which had the lowest values of the first and second components- was placed in a distinct group. No significant correlation was observed between the main compositions of the essential oil with the geographic coordinates and weather conditions of the collection sites. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - Study on Phytochemical diversity and antioxidant properties of extracts from different populations of Perovskia abrotanoides Kar. in Eastern Alborz
Maryam Farzaneh Atefe Amirahmadi Vahid Poozesh Fatemeh SalimiThis study was conducted to investigate the biochemical diversity and antioxidant properties of three accessions of Perovskia abrotanoides Kar. in eastern Alborz mountain range including Semnan and Mazandaran provinces. Flowering specimens were collected from three natu MoreThis study was conducted to investigate the biochemical diversity and antioxidant properties of three accessions of Perovskia abrotanoides Kar. in eastern Alborz mountain range including Semnan and Mazandaran provinces. Flowering specimens were collected from three natural habitats of Damghan (station 1, 1504 m), Kordmir (station 2, 1672 m) and Shahrud (station 3, 1285 m) in July 2018. The amount of proline, protein, soluble sugars, phenolic compounds, hydrogen peroxide, potassium, copper, zinc, iron, nickel, magnesium, manganese and calcium as well as soil salinity were measured. Methanolic, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and hexane extracts were extracted by soaking method and the antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging capacity. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with 3 replications and the comparison of data means was performed using Duncan's test at a probability level of 5%. The results showed that the highest amount of proline and potassium was in station 1, the highest amount of protein, phenolic compounds, soil salinity and magnesium content were obtained from station 3 and the highest amount of iron was observed in station 2. Moreover, station 3 had the highest level of antioxidant activity in all extracts, and all stations had the lowest level of antioxidant activity in hexane extract. Dichloromethane extracts in stations 2 and 3 had the highest level of antioxidant activity, while in station 1 the highest level of antioxidant activity was found in methanolic extract. Therefore, we concluded that with increasing soil salinity, the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the populations of P. abrotanoides increase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - Comparison content of parthenolide as an anti-migraine in Natural samples and tissue culture seedlings of some populations of Tanacetum parthenium L.
Reyhaneh Zandi Ali sonboli ghasem eghlima Hassan Rezadoost Mohammad Hossein MirjaliliSesqui-terpene lactone - parthenolide in Tanacetum parthenium L. is known as the most important medicinal substance with anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasm and especially anti-migraine effects. In this study, the content of parthenolide in the flowering branches MoreSesqui-terpene lactone - parthenolide in Tanacetum parthenium L. is known as the most important medicinal substance with anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasm and especially anti-migraine effects. In this study, the content of parthenolide in the flowering branches of some natural populations of T. parthenium L. from different habitats in Gilan (Masoleh), Mazandaran (Chalos), Qom (Vishnu) and Tehran (Ahar) provinces were collected at the full flowering stage and compared with their flowered seedlings under in vitro conditions. In vitro seedlings were seeded and cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium enriched with hydrolyzed casein (100 mg/l), salicylic acid (2 mg/l) and benzylaminopurine (5 mg/l). The parthenolide content of flowering branches of all samples was measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results of variance analysis of the data showed that the effect of population and cultivation conditions as well as their interaction at the probability level of 1% on parthenolide content was significant. The parthenolide content in self-grown populations ranged from 0.13±0.007 to 1.03±0.113 mg/g dry weight and in tissue culture seedlings from 0.23±0.011 to 1.21±0.148 mg/g dry weight was variable. The highest and lowest parthenolide content was observed in Qom (Vashno) and Gilan (Masuleh) populations, respectively. Parthenolide content for all populations was higher in tissue culture samples than in natural samples. The findings of this study can be considered and exploited for the commercial production of parthenolide pharmaceutical composition under controlled conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - Evaluation of some populations of Alyssum species based on the branch and seed yield and some morphological traits
Mohammad Ali Alizadeh Ali Ashraf Jaffari saiedeh sadat i mirzadeh vaghef Mohammad Dadmand saied Esmaiel saiedian mohamadreza pahlavani liela fallah hossieni Masomeh . Ramezani Yeganeh liela rasoolzadehTo investigate yield and morphological traits of 32 populations of 7 species of the genus of Alyssum shop including 3 populations of desert alyssum (Alyssum desertorum), 3 population of dwarf Alyssum (A. marginatum), 15 populations hairy Alyssum (Alyssum hirsutum), 8 po MoreTo investigate yield and morphological traits of 32 populations of 7 species of the genus of Alyssum shop including 3 populations of desert alyssum (Alyssum desertorum), 3 population of dwarf Alyssum (A. marginatum), 15 populations hairy Alyssum (Alyssum hirsutum), 8 populations of Shirazian Alyssum (A. stapfi), and one population from each of species of Alyssum szowitsianum, A.dasycarpum and A. linifolium were cultivated and evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the field of Alborz Research Station in 2018 and 2019. Based on data analysis and comparison between species and populations within each species, late lowering species such as A. linifolium and A. Stapfi had higher aerial and grain yield than early flowering species including dwarf alyssum (A. marginatum), desert Alyssum (A. desertorum), Araraty Alyssum (A.szowitsianum).The simple correlation between the studied traits showed that there was a positive correlation between plant height and aerial yield and grain yield. The rate of plant establishment was positively correlated with plant height and negatively correlated with the stems number. Result of principal component analysis (PCA) obtained three main components considering the eigenvalues greater than one that justified 90% of total variance. The results of cluster analysis led to the grouping populations into five groups. The species of A.stapfi, A. hirsutum and A.desertorum were placed in a one group. The studied populations provided a suitable genetic background for selecting superior populations with important traits from different clusters, so that they can be used in breeding improved varieties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - بررسی فیتوشیمیایی اسانس در جمعیتهای مختلف گونهThymus kotschyanus Boiss & Hohen. در ایران
مهدی میرزا مهردخت نجف پور نوایی بهاره الهوردی ممقانی -
Open Access Article
186 - Urban Population Systems in Iran: A comparative analysis of southern Alborz and Khorasan regions
Javad Rahmani Esfandyar ZebardastUrban systems in each country explain how the interaction of regional cities happen. In this study, we have analyzed the spatial distribution of city population on ten regions of national and regional physical plans, the years 1956 to 2011 are discussed and has bee MoreUrban systems in each country explain how the interaction of regional cities happen. In this study, we have analyzed the spatial distribution of city population on ten regions of national and regional physical plans, the years 1956 to 2011 are discussed and has been analyzed both the urban population system and the ten physical regions. Of the ten regions of national and regional physical plans, two regions of the southern Alborz (Including the provinces of Tehran, Markazi, Semnan, Zanjan, Qazvin, Qom and Alborz) and Khorasan (Including the provinces of South Khorassan, Razvi Korasan and North Kohorasan) ,respectively, had the highest and lowest rates of change between the ten regions. In the follow-up analysis , indicators such as the first twenty positions in the years 1956 to 2011, the analysis of the actual population and population number of twenty cities Primary of the region in relation to the theoretical Zipf in 2011 and also the analysis of primacy city and decentralization city in the South Khorasan and Alborz, was completed separately. Finally, a comparison between Khorasan region and southern Alborz together and with physical national and regional regions determined that southern Alborz region despite its position among the ten regions was not affected by a change but the intra-regional changes are massive and large altered. Conversely, Khorasan region that on the variations between Regions has been a fundamental change, in the intra-regional variations was found in relative comfort. The study also revealed that due to the changes between regional, it cannot be possible to make an intra-regional analysis and predictions are imposssible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - Constructing the Basic Urban Study Units Based on MAUP (A Case Study of Demographic Zoning of Zanjan)
Hassanali Faraji Sabokbar marzieh sedaghatkish Alireza RahmatiIn any type of geographic data analysis defining the primary unit has direct effect on the results. The key point in spatial studies is the exact definition of areal units. The necessity of defining the basic unit of study is that for instance if once we examine the rel MoreIn any type of geographic data analysis defining the primary unit has direct effect on the results. The key point in spatial studies is the exact definition of areal units. The necessity of defining the basic unit of study is that for instance if once we examine the relationship between income and crime rate in the neighborhood unit and again in the level of urban area, different results will be obtained. This problem originates from the fact that raw data (e.g. census) are shown in the census block format. So we have to aggregate this data into neighborhood units and urban areas or any other basic unit for our study. Since the choice of these basic units does not have any rule and is arbitrary, different results will be obtained. In fact results of statistical analysis are not independent of the scale at which analysis has been done. This problem was first identified by Gehlke and Biehlin as modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP). The purpose of this study is to identify the basic areal units which make the least bias in raw data after data aggregation in the unit. We have applied a comparative research method and layers of census blocks are utilized for statistical analysis. In this article, we have selected three basic units based on urban network, urban locality and fishnet as well as using twenty demographic indicators and measures of central dispersion and correlation to examine the effect of MAUP. The results indicate that rectangular base unit is less affected by the MAUP. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - Examining Social Conflicts Arising from Population Mismanagement in Iranian Metropolises
fatemeh dolati Majid Shams Behman KargarPopulation and its various dimensions have always been a concern for policymakers and experts. Natural population growth is the result of birth and death rates, while migration and mobility have a significant impact on the increase or decrease of demographic changes. Ma MorePopulation and its various dimensions have always been a concern for policymakers and experts. Natural population growth is the result of birth and death rates, while migration and mobility have a significant impact on the increase or decrease of demographic changes. Marginalization and the establishment of informal settlements, increasing land and housing prices, environmental degradation, indiscriminate use of groundwater, reduction of per capita green space, traffic and air pollution, urban waste generation and improper disposal, soil erosion, and industrial pollution are among the challenges and conflicts that arise from population growth and concentration in the country's metropolises. Based on the research methodology, this study follows a descriptive-analytical approach. According to the theoretical framework, all components were examined at the global and national levels with a focus on Iran, and the necessary information was collected to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the research. The ranking and prioritization model and Lorenz curve algorithm were used for screening and prioritization. First, the collected data were analyzed using Excel software and then transformed into numerical charts using the Lorenz curve. The research findings indicate that simultaneous with population growth and concentration in metropolises, development and progress have not occurred in parallel, and various differences and conflicts have emerged among different social classes and levels due to overcrowding, population movements, and development disparities in cities and metropolises. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - The place of the relationship between urban service standards and population in evaluating the rate of development of Ardabil Province cities using Topsis model
Biuok Safarzadeh Bijan Rahmani -
Open Access Article
190 - توزیع تراکم جمعیت در شهر رشت با استفاده از روش AHP
Hamidreza ZabetMahboob Bahram Aminzadeh Mehdi Bornafar -
Open Access Article
191 - Urban Hierarchy Analysis in Hamadan Province during a fifty years period (1956-2006)
Jila Sajjadi Majid Ekandarpou Hadi Rostami -
Open Access Article
192 - Rural population of Tehran ,opportunities & challenges (Case Study : Solaghan District)
Bijan Rahmani Hamideh AghamiriTrend of rural migration towars Tehran (as capital of Iran) has dramatically changed both social and economic structure of this city. In fact attractions exist in Tehran vis a vis to rural part of country are the main cause of current situation. The presence of rural MoreTrend of rural migration towars Tehran (as capital of Iran) has dramatically changed both social and economic structure of this city. In fact attractions exist in Tehran vis a vis to rural part of country are the main cause of current situation. The presence of rural population in Tehran is not totally negative. In case of good management of human resources of Tehran, it is possible to transforme entire population of Tehran to constructive factor that not only is not harmful for city but can help to devlpment of Tehran and other cities which have the similar problem. In This paper we try to study different aspects of prensence of rural population in Megapole of Tehran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - Study of Relationship between Food Security with Urban Population and Development Plans in Iran
jalal salemThe purpose of this study is investigating the food security among the Iranian's urban households and effective factors involved for the period of 1983 to 2011. For this purpose, time series pattern used for evaluating the effective factors. The results showed that duri MoreThe purpose of this study is investigating the food security among the Iranian's urban households and effective factors involved for the period of 1983 to 2011. For this purpose, time series pattern used for evaluating the effective factors. The results showed that during the period the food security of urban households had an increasing trend. Despite the enhancement of food security among urban households, 5.1 percent of the urban population received less than necessary calorie level in 2011. The effect of the percentage of urban population on urban households' food security index has been negative, although not significant at an appropriate level. The lag variable of aggregate food security index changes on growth of aggregate food security index in the next year will be negative, so that increasing in one unit growth of food security index in one year; its growth will be decreased by 0.008 units in the next year. According to the results, the index stability and keeping its increasing trend should be considered as a priority in the future development plans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - Improved Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) Using Fuzzy Logic
Omid Mokhlesi Seyed Hamid Zahiri Naser Mehrshad Seyed Mohammad RazaviResearchers tendency to use different collective intelligence as the search methods to optimize complex engineering problems has increased because of the high performance of this algorithms. Gravitational search algorithm (GSA) is among these algorithms. This algorithm MoreResearchers tendency to use different collective intelligence as the search methods to optimize complex engineering problems has increased because of the high performance of this algorithms. Gravitational search algorithm (GSA) is among these algorithms. This algorithm is inspired by Newton's laws of physics and gravitational attraction. Random masses are agents who have searched for the space. This paper presents a new Fuzzy Population GSA model called FPGSA. The proposed method is a combination of parametric fuzzy controller and gravitational search algorithm. The space being searched using this combined reasonable and accurate method. In the collective intelligence algorithms, population size influences the final answer so that for a large population, a better response is obtained but the algorithm execution time is longer. To overcome this problem, a new parameter called the dispersion coefficient is added to the algorithm. Implementation results show that by controlling this factor, system performance can be improved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - تاثیر استفاده از سطوح مختلف دانه شوید بر عملکرد، برخی فراسنجه های خونی و جمعیت میکروبی روده در جوجه های گوشتی سویه Ross 308
یاسر رحیمیان فرشید خیری محمد علوی مهران ابوذرمقدمه و هدف: شوید با نام علمی Anethum graveolens گیاهی یک ساله از خانواده Apiaceae و نام جنس آن Anethum می باشد از جمله مزایای مصرف شوید میتوان به افزایش سلامت دستگاه گوارش،جلوگیری از بیخوابی،سکسه، اسهال و اسهال خونی، کاهش دردهای قاعدگی، مشکلات تنفسی و سرطان اشاره Moreمقدمه و هدف: شوید با نام علمی Anethum graveolens گیاهی یک ساله از خانواده Apiaceae و نام جنس آن Anethum می باشد از جمله مزایای مصرف شوید میتوان به افزایش سلامت دستگاه گوارش،جلوگیری از بیخوابی،سکسه، اسهال و اسهال خونی، کاهش دردهای قاعدگی، مشکلات تنفسی و سرطان اشاره نمود. این مطالعه به منظور بررسی تاثیر استفاده از سطوح مختلف دانه شوید بر عملکرد، برخی فراسنجه های خونی و جمعیت میکروبی روده در جوجه های گوشتی سویه رآس 308 انجام گرفت. روش تحقیق: تعداد 300 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه در قالب یک طرح کاملا تصادفی با 4 تیمار و 6 تکرار با تعداد 15 قطعه جوجه در هر جایگاه استفاده شد. تیمار های آزمایشی شامل گروه شاهد(کنترل) بدون هیچ نوع ماده افزودنی و به تربیت مقادیر 200 ، 400 و 600 گرم از دانه شوید در هر تن خوراک بود. در این تحقیق افزایش وزن روزانه، میزان مصرف خوراک و ضریب تبدیل غذایی در هردوره محاسبه گردید. در انتهای آزمایش تعداد چهار پرنده نر از هر گروه کشتار شده و بازده لاشه محاسبه شد. همچنین برخی از صفات لاشه و وزن نسبی اندام های داخلی مورد ارزیابی واقع گردید. نتایج: نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از دانه شوید سبب افزایش مصرف خوراک، افزایش وزن روزانه بدن و بهبود ضریب تبدیل غذایی در مقایسه با گروه شاهد گردید. به علاوه اختلاف معنی داری(p<0.05) بین تیمارها از نظر FCR مشاهده شد. پیشنهادهای کاربردی و صنعتی: با توجه به نتایج، افزایش میزان شوید باعث بهبود عملکرد و فراسنجه های خونی در جوجه های گوشتی می شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - The Causes of the Defeat of the Muslim Brotherhood in Establishing a Durable Government in Egypt
Seyed Hassan Malaekeh Seyed Mohammad Amin HoseiniAbstract One of the important Islamic movements which have had tremendous impact on Egypt and few other Islamic countries is “Muslim Brotherhood”. This organization was formed when Egypt was in a critical situation from the viewpoint of political, economic a MoreAbstract One of the important Islamic movements which have had tremendous impact on Egypt and few other Islamic countries is “Muslim Brotherhood”. This organization was formed when Egypt was in a critical situation from the viewpoint of political, economic and religious conditions. Muslim Brotherhood on the one hand tried to revive the prevalence of Islamic teachings and on the other hand tried to change Islamic beliefs from stagnation and inactivity to dynamism and liveliness. With the emergence of Arab Spring movement which started with overthrow of Ben Ali in Tunisia, the movement spread to Egypt and Muslim Brotherhood did not succeed in establishing a stable and sustainable government. The present article by a descriptive analytical method and by the help of historical facts wants to examine the causes of failure of Muslim Brotherhood in establishing a stable government. The finding of the research shows that the causes of failure of them lie in internal factors like the destructive role of the army, the influence of secular forces, distancing of Al-Azhar from Morsi government and the external factors like interference of the United States and Saudi Arabia on the one hand and Turkey and Qatar on the other hand. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - A Study of the Potentials and Challenges of India to Become a Major Power with a Futures Studies Perspective
Ebrahim TaheriAbstract: The position of countries like England, China, Russia and France as big powers in international system shows that for becoming a great power one has to activate the domestic, regional and international potentials and the absence of any of these components can MoreAbstract: The position of countries like England, China, Russia and France as big powers in international system shows that for becoming a great power one has to activate the domestic, regional and international potentials and the absence of any of these components can impede the process of becoming influential power in international arena. This is also true about India and its position in international system. Although India has an important place in technological field, the world largest democracy and the world second largest population but in terms of economic, political and socio-cultural dimension face serious problems. For example more than 400 million people of the population live with one dollar a day. At the regional level India faces serious challenge from China and Pakistan and there are complicated border problems with these countries which are not resolved easily. Internationally also India is not an influential country. The present paper wants to evaluate the opportunities and challenges facing India to become a great power taking into consideration the economic, political, military and security determinants. The methodology used in the paper is futures studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - A comparative study of the population policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran with a number of UN countries
mojtaba taheri ali pezhhan mohammad javd mahmoodiIn recent years, many countries in the world have a positive view of population growth, and accordingly, they have moved their policies towards incentive policies. Also, due to the decline in Iran's fertility below the replacement level in the mid-2000s, Iran's peronata MoreIn recent years, many countries in the world have a positive view of population growth, and accordingly, they have moved their policies towards incentive policies. Also, due to the decline in Iran's fertility below the replacement level in the mid-2000s, Iran's peronatalist policies resumed in 2006 after almost two decades. The purpose of this study is to review Iran's population incentive policies and compare it with other countries in the world. European countries are at the top of the list with negative population growth rates Who have tried to change the appearance of their population. Their incentive policies are mostly in the form of financial aid, education facilities, health, even in the form of vacation packages,. But in Iran, barriers to childbearing and even higher barriers to marriage have not yet been removed from young people, and incentives for marriage and childbearing have been written only on paper. Therefore, it is necessary for the authorities in the Iran to solve the necessary conditions as well as the economic problems of families as well as the problems of youth marriage, so that families can increase the generation and youth for marriage, without any economic or social problems, etc. Encourage the issue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - The effect of demographic variables on dramatic collective behaviors in the context of Corona virus "Study of Bushehr"
Ali moradi Sina Mansoori Gholamreza JafariniaThe present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effect of demographic variables on collective behavior in the context of the Corona virus in Bushehr city. The research method is a survey that was conducted with a descriptive approach. The statistical popu MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effect of demographic variables on collective behavior in the context of the Corona virus in Bushehr city. The research method is a survey that was conducted with a descriptive approach. The statistical population is all residents over 15 years of age in Bushehr city (197,864 people) in 1400. To determine the sample size, 384 people were selected from random cluster sampling. To collect data from a researcher-made questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha was used to check the content validity of the questionnaire from the point of view of professors and its reliability, which was calculated as 0.79 for the entire questionnaire. One-sample t-tests, Friedman's test and analysis of variance were also used to test the research hypotheses. The obtained results showed that the real average of the amount of show collective behavior for the respondents is equal to 195.11, which is higher than the average (174). In the ranking of the average dimensions of the collective performance variable, the dimension of social fashion has the first priority with an average rating of 6.28. Based on the results of the variables of gender, marital status, educational status and the type of residential house of people, they have a significant effect on the dramatic collective behavior. Based on the results of married people, women, people with low education and people who live in private homes, they are more affected by the dramatic collective behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - .
مسعود گلچین صباح الدین مفاخری -
Open Access Article
201 - The effects of demographic variables on dramatic collective behaviors in the context of Corona virus (case of Study: city of Bushehr)
Sina Mansoori Ali Moradi Gholamreza JafariniaThe present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effects of demographic variables on collective behavior in the context of the Corona virus in Bushehr city. The research method was survey that was conducted with a descriptive approach. The research p MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effects of demographic variables on collective behavior in the context of the Corona virus in Bushehr city. The research method was survey that was conducted with a descriptive approach. The research population consisted of all residents over 15 years of age in Bushehr city (197,864 people) in 1400. To determine the sample size, 384 people were selected through random cluster sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the data. The content validity of the questionnaire was obtained by consulting experts and its reliability was calculated as 0.79 via Cronbach's alpha. One-sample t-tests, Friedman's test and analysis of variance were also used to test the research hypotheses. The obtained results showed that the real average of the amount of collective behavior for the respondents was equal to 195.11, which was higher than the average (174). In the ranking of the average dimensions of the collective performance variable, the dimension of social fashion has the first priority with an average rating of 6.28. The variables of gender, marital status, educational status and the type of residential house of people had a significant effect on dramatic collective behavior. Married people, women, people with low education and people who live in private homes were more affected by the dramatic collective behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - مدیریت و برنامه ریزی ماندگاری جمعیت در سکونتگاه های روستایی شهرستان گرمسار با تاکید بر متغیرهای جغرافیایی- اقتصادی(گردشگری، کشاورزی و صنایع دستی)
احمد صبوری داود حسن آبادی -
Open Access Article
203 - ارزیابی میزان رضایتمندی از تحقق ابعاد شهر دوستدار سالمند از منظر اجتماع محلی (مطالعه موردی: منطقه ۳ کلانشهر کرج)
علی آرایی حسین نظم فر بختیار عزت پناه -
Open Access Article
204 - بررسی ویژگیهای جمعیتی موثر بر میزان مشارکت روستاییان در روند توسعه روستایی (مطالعه موردی شهرستان ایجرود)
علی اکبر عنابستانی حمید شایان علی اکبر تقیلو -
Open Access Article
205 - تحلیل روابط فضایی شهرهای کوچک و روستاهای پیرامونی (مطالعه موردی: شهر گهواره در استان کرمانشاه)
نوذر قنبری -
Open Access Article
206 - تحلیل توزیع فضایی جمعیت استان زنجان طی سالهای 90-1365 و پیش بینی جمعیت تا سال 1404
محسن کلانتری کیومرث یزدان پناه سمیه نوری -
Open Access Article
207 - تحلیل نقش تراکم جمعیت در بزه سرقت در سطح محلات شهری (مطالعه موردی: شهر کرمانشاه)
نوذر قنبری شهرام سعیدی علیرضا زنگنه جعفر معصوم پور سماکوش علی کرباسی -
Open Access Article
208 - سطحبندی سکونتگاههای روستایی بر اساس توانمندیهای اقتصادی و جمعیتی (مطالعه موردی: دهستان سرپنیران- شهرستان پاسارگاد)
علی شکور علی شمسالدینی یوسف شفیعی نجمه طیبی -
Open Access Article
209 - پراکنش جغرافیایی کارایی در بخش سلامت در استانهای ایران با تأکید بر شاخصهای بخش سلامت
سمیرا متقی -
Open Access Article
210 - تبیین ژئوپلیتیک رشد جمعیت و امنیت ملی ایران
علیرضا محرابی روح الله نیکزاد محمد ساسانیپور -
Open Access Article
211 - نقش تصمیمات ملی و منطقهای بر رشد و افزایش جمعیت استان سمنان
حیدر لطفی فریده اعرابی سید مسعود سیادتی -
Open Access Article
212 - ارزیابی پراکنش جمعیت و توزیع خدمات در نواحی شهری با رویکرد توسعه پایدار و عدالت اجتماعی با استفاده از مدلهایVIKOR و TOPSIS، (مطالعه موردی شهر زنجان)
محسن احد نژاد علی زلفی محمد جواد نوروزی -
Open Access Article
213 - مدیریت اراضی رها شده شهری و سامان دهی آنها با الگوی توسعه پایدار شهری (مطالعه موردی شهرسمنان)
مریم اسماعیلیان ناساری دکتر سعید کامیابی دکتر محمدرضا زندمقدم -
Open Access Article
214 - بررسی مسائل مدیریتی حریم کلانشهر تهران در ارتباط با روند فعلی و آتی تحولات کالبدی و جمعیتی
نعمت الله انوری سید جمال الدین دریاباری -
Open Access Article
215 - تحلیلی بر روند تحولات جمعیت شهری استان اصفهان در سه دههی 1365 تا 1385
سید رامین غفاری حمید بحیرایی کبرا گرجی -
Open Access Article
216 - ارزیابی عدالت فضایی در توزیع و توسعه پایدار فضای سبز شهری با استفاده از مدل آنتروپی و ضریب پراکندگی (نمونه موردی: مناطق 10 گانه شهر شیراز)
محمد رحیمی منصور صنیعی عبدالسلام اسماعیلزاده -
Open Access Article
217 - تأثیر عصاره بره موم ایرانی بر تخمیر شکمبه، تولید متان و جمعیت میکروبی در شرایط برونتنی
ش. احتشام ع.ر. وکیلی م. دانش مسگران و. بانکوابرای انجام این تحقیق دو نوع خوراک (پر کنستانتره و پر علوفه) به همراه غلظتهای مختلف عصاره الکلی بره موم زنبور عسل ایرانی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. تیمارهای بکار رفته در پژوهش شامل: خوراک پرکنستانتره (کنترل)، خوراک پرکنستانتره + عصاره بره موم 25 درصد، خوراک پرکنستانتره + 5 Moreبرای انجام این تحقیق دو نوع خوراک (پر کنستانتره و پر علوفه) به همراه غلظتهای مختلف عصاره الکلی بره موم زنبور عسل ایرانی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. تیمارهای بکار رفته در پژوهش شامل: خوراک پرکنستانتره (کنترل)، خوراک پرکنستانتره + عصاره بره موم 25 درصد، خوراک پرکنستانتره + 50 درصد، خوراک پرکنستانتره + 75 درصد، خوراک پر علوفه (کنترل)، خوراک پر علوفه + عصاره بره موم 25 درصد، خوراک پرعلوفه +50 درصد و خوراک پر علوفه +75 درصد (یعنی 25، 50 و 75 گرم بره موم زنبورعسل ایرانی در 100 سیسی الکل اتانول 70 درصد) بود. این آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی انجام شد. نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد تیمارهای حاوی بره موم 75 درصد تولید گاز را به طور معنیداری افزایش میدهد. افزودن بره موم موجب تغییر معنیداری در pH شکمبه نمیشود. در تیمار خوراکهای پرکنستانتره تیمار حاوی بره موم 50 درصد موجب کاهش معنیدار نیتروژن آمونیاکی در مقایسه با سایر تیمارها میشود. همچنین تیمار حاوی بره موم 75 درصد موجب کاهش معنیدار تولید گاز متان میشود. بیشترین کاهش و بیشترین افزایش جمعیت پریوتلا بریانتی به ترتیب در تیمارهای حاوی 75 درصد و 25 درصد مشاهده شد. در تیمار خوراکهای پرعلوفه کاهش معنیدار جمعیت پروتوزوآ در بره موم 75 درصد در مقایسه با سایر تیمارها مشاهده شد. بعلاوه جمعیت متانوژنزها کاهش معنیداری در تیمارهای حاوی 25 دصد، 50 درصد و 75 درصد بره موم در مقابسه با کنترل داشت. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که عصاره بره موم موجب بهبود تخمیر، کاهش متان و نیتروژن آمونیاکی میشود. Manuscript profile -
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218 - اثر معماری ژنتیکی مختلف بر صحت انتخاب ژنومی به کمک سه روش بیزی
ف. علاء نوشهر س.ع. رأفت ر. ایمانی-نبئی ص. علیجانی ک. روبرت گرنیهارزیابی ژنومی با استفاده از تعداد زیادی از چندشکلی­های تک نوکلئوتیدی (SNP) در سراسر ژنوم و ترکیب روشهای آماری با داده­های ژنومی جهت پیش­بینی ارزش اصلاحی، قابل اجرا می­باشد. پیش­بینی ژنومی وابسته به وجود عدم تعادل پیوستگی بین نشانگرهای ژنتیکی و QTLها Moreارزیابی ژنومی با استفاده از تعداد زیادی از چندشکلی­های تک نوکلئوتیدی (SNP) در سراسر ژنوم و ترکیب روشهای آماری با داده­های ژنومی جهت پیش­بینی ارزش اصلاحی، قابل اجرا می­باشد. پیش­بینی ژنومی وابسته به وجود عدم تعادل پیوستگی بین نشانگرهای ژنتیکی و QTLها در جمعیت است. روش­هایی که به طور همزمان می­توانند اثر تمامی نشانگرها به کار بگیرند، سبب افزایش صحت پیش­بینی شده و در نتیجه بخش اعظم واریانس توسط این روش­ها قابل توصیف است. فرض بر این است که روش­های ژنومی به طور گسترده­ای توسط معماری ژنتیکی صفات و ژنوم تغییر می­کند. روش­های غیرخطی ژنومی شامل بیزA، بیزB و بیز LASSO، توسط شبیه­سازی با سه اندازه مؤثر جمعیت متفاوت (Ne) باهم مقایسه شدند. بنابراین ژنومی شامل 3 کروموزوم، هر کدام به طول 100 سانتی­مورگان شبیه­سازی شد. برای هر حیوان صفتی با وراثت­پذیری 5/0، سه سطح مختلف تراکم نشانگری (1000، 2000 و 3000) با سه سطح متفاوت تعداد QTL شامل 100، 200 و 300 فرض شد. داده­ها با دو توزیع متفات اثر QTL شامل توزیع یکنواخت و گاما (66/1=α و 4/0=β) شبیه سازی شدند. تراکم نشانگری، تعداد QTL و توزیع اثرات QTL به طور معنی­داری صحت ارزش اصلاحی ژنومی را در سطوح مختلف اندازه مؤثر جمعیت، تحت تأثیر قرار دادند (05/0>P). در مقایسه سه روش آماری، بیشترین میزان صحت ارزش اصلاحی ژنومی توسط روش بیز B در صفاتی با تعداد QTL پایین، تراکم نشانگری بالا، توزیع گاما اثر QTL و اندازه مؤثر جمعیت بالا حاصل شد. Manuscript profile -
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219 - اثر روغن اسانسی آویشن شیرازی، اکالیپتوس و مخلوط آنها بر فراسنجههای تخمیر با استفاده از مایع شکمبه بز مرخز
س. میرزایی چشمهگچی م.م. معینی ف. هژبری م.ا. نوریان سروردر این مطالعه، سطوح مختلف روغن­های اسانسی آویشن شیرازی، اکالیپتوس (0، 100، 250، 500، 750 و 1000 میکروگرم در میلی­لیتر) و مخلوط یکسان آنها به علوفه یونجه همراه با مایع شکمبه بافری شده بز مرخز اضافه وگرمخانه گذاری شد تا تولید گاز، تخمیر شکمبه و جمعیت پروتوزوآ در ش Moreدر این مطالعه، سطوح مختلف روغن­های اسانسی آویشن شیرازی، اکالیپتوس (0، 100، 250، 500، 750 و 1000 میکروگرم در میلی­لیتر) و مخلوط یکسان آنها به علوفه یونجه همراه با مایع شکمبه بافری شده بز مرخز اضافه وگرمخانه گذاری شد تا تولید گاز، تخمیر شکمبه و جمعیت پروتوزوآ در شرایط آزمایشگاهی مورد مطالعه قرار گیرد. پتانسیل تولید گاز (B) و سرعت تخمیر (C) در تمام تیمارهای آزمایشی کاهش یافت درحالی­که فاز تأخیر (L) افزایش نشان داد. آویشن شیرازی و اکالیپتوس تأثیری بر pH نداشتند ولی در سطوح بالای مخلوط روغن­های اسانسی نسبت به شاهد، pH بالاتر بود (001/0>P). تولید نیتروژن­ آمونیاکی به سبب افزودن مخلوط روغن­های اسانسی کاهش یافت (01/0>P) و غلظت کل اسیدهای چرب فرار با اضافه نمودن روغن­های اسانسی آویشن شیرازی و اکالیپتوس کاهش نشان داد (01/0>P). گاز تولیدی 24 ساعته، تولید متان و میزان ماده­ آلی تجزیه شده کاهش یافت (01/0>P)، درحالیکه ضریب تفکیک­پذیری در همه تیمارها افزایش نشان داد. انرژی متابولیسمی کاهش یافت (05/0>P). افزودن روغن اسانسی سبب کاهش تعداد پروتوزوآی کل و جنس­های مختلف پروتوزوآ شد (001/0>P). نتایج نشان داد که روغن­های اسانسی آویشن شیرازی و اکالیپتوس می­توانند در تعدیل تخمیر شکمبه مؤثر باشند ولی در سطوح بالا، دارای اثر ضد پروتوزوآیی میباشند. Manuscript profile -
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220 - The Effects of Various Essential Oils of Medical Plant Seeds and Spices on Digestion Characteristics and Population Changes of Ruminal Anaerobic Fungi in in vitro Condition
م. سجادیان م. دانش مسگران ع.ر. وکیلی -
Open Access Article
221 - تعیین ساختار جمعیت میکروبی شکمبه در بزهای سانن سازگار یافته به جیرهای با فیبر بالا در شمال شرق ایران
س.ه. ابراهیمی ر. ولیزاده و. حیدریان میریبز سوئیسی سانن نژادی است که در گلههای تجاری سراسر جهان یافت میشود. در مقاله حاضر، ساختار جمعیت میکروبی بز سانن که به جیرههای حاوی علوفه خشبی عادت کرده بودند با استفاده از تکنیک پایروسکوئنسینگ مطالعه شده است. نمونه محتویات شکمبه از تعداد 4 رأس بز با استفاده از لوله شک Moreبز سوئیسی سانن نژادی است که در گلههای تجاری سراسر جهان یافت میشود. در مقاله حاضر، ساختار جمعیت میکروبی بز سانن که به جیرههای حاوی علوفه خشبی عادت کرده بودند با استفاده از تکنیک پایروسکوئنسینگ مطالعه شده است. نمونه محتویات شکمبه از تعداد 4 رأس بز با استفاده از لوله شکمی پس از چرای صبحگاهی گرفته شد. پس از خشک کردن نمونههای فوق با روش فریز درایر و استخراج دیانای، ژنهای 16S rRNA باکتریایی و آرکهای و 18S rRNA پروتوزوآیی با واکنش زنجیره پلیمراز تکثیر شدند و پس از توالییابی با روش پایروسکوئنسینگ تیتانیوم 454، با نرم افزار کیمه آنالیز شدند. تجزیه دادهها نشان داد که در سطح جنس، پریوتلا که در شاخه باکتریودتز قرار دارد با غالبیت نسبی 41/29 درصد کل باکتریها اکثریت جنس باکتریایی شکمبه را تشکیل داده بود. جنس طبقهبندی نشدهای از گروه باکتریودالز در همین شاخه (باکتریودتز) با سهم 01/11 درصد جمعیت باکتریایی به عنوان باکتری غالب دوم تعیین شد. شاخه غالب دوم باکتریایی در شکمبه بزهای سانن فرمیکوتس بود و 3 جنس طبقهبندی نشده رده کلستریدیالز ذیل این شاخه جمعا 42/21 درصد جمعیت باکتریایی را به خود اختصاص داده بودند. غالبترین جنس پروتوزوآیی انتودینیوم بود که 78/46 درصد کل جمعیت پروتوزوآ را به خود اختصاص داده بود. پس از آن، اپیدینیوم و افریسکولکس با سهم 37/12 و 92/11 درصدی از کل جمعیت پروتوزوآ در رتبه دوم و سوم قرار داشتند. توالیهای مرتبط با متانوپلاسماتالز به عنوان آرکه غالب جمعیت میکروبی در شکمبه بزهای سانن شناسایی شدند. متانوبرویباکتر گوتسچالکی کلید و متانوبرویباکتر رمیننتیوم کلید با فراوانی به ترتیب 79/35 و 36/13 درصد دومین و سومین گروه تولیدکننده متان بودند. نسبت توالیهای طبقهبندی نشده بالا در نمونههای محتویات شکمبه بزهای سانن در شرایط این مطالعه نشان میدهد باید مطالعات بیشتری بر اساس روشهای مبتنی بر کشت در خصوص شناسایی گونههای مربوطه که احتمالاً در هضم فیبر نقش مهم و اساسی دارند انجام شود. Manuscript profile -
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222 - انتخاب اسپرم نریان بر مبنای سانتریفیوژ گرادیان چگالی شامل کلویید دو لایه: تأثیرات بر روی اسپرم
جی. میرو ف. رکوئنا اچ. مارین جی. جردنا ای. آگوئراتکنیک­های انتخاب اسپرم یکی از ابزارهای مهم در بهبود انزال­های کم بارور است. هدف اصلی در این مطالعه، دستیابی به دینامیک زیرجمعیت­های اسپرم متحرک از انزال­های اخذ شده از نریان­های کم­ بارور با استفاده از سانتریفیوژ گرادیان چگالی (DGC) و یک کلویید د Moreتکنیک­های انتخاب اسپرم یکی از ابزارهای مهم در بهبود انزال­های کم بارور است. هدف اصلی در این مطالعه، دستیابی به دینامیک زیرجمعیت­های اسپرم متحرک از انزال­های اخذ شده از نریان­های کم­ بارور با استفاده از سانتریفیوژ گرادیان چگالی (DGC) و یک کلویید دو لایه (DGC2)، پیش و پس از 24 ساعت و 48 ساعت ذخیره است. انزال­های اخذ شده از 8 نریان دارای مشکلات باروری در تیمارهای مختلف مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. تیمارها شامل کنترل (C)، سانتریفیوژ (CT)، سانتریفیوژ گرادیان چگالی همراه با کلویید دولایه (DGC2) و سانتیرفیوژ گرادیان چگالی همراه با کلویید دو لایه پس از چگالی (DGC post) بودند. در تیمارهای C، CT و DGC2، متغیرهای اسپرم در 0، 24 و 48 ساعت پس از ذخیره در 4 تا 7 درجه سلسیوس مورد آنالیز قرار گرفت. در تیمار DGC2 post منی در 4 تا 7 درجه سلسیوس ذخیره، و نمونه­های اسپرم با کمک DGC2 در 24 و 48 ساعت انتخاب شدند. سپس زنده­مانی، نقایص و تحرک اسپرم با کمک یک سامانه رایانه­ای مورد سنجش قرار گرفت. 4 زیرجمعیت اسپرم متحرک با خصوصیات تحرک متفاوت در کلیه تیمارها مشاهده شدند. اسپرم DGC2 سریع­تر بوده و مستقیم­تر حرکت کرده و دارای سلول­های فعال­تر در ساعت صفر بودند. ولی در ساعت 24 و 48، مقادیر متغیر تحرک کاهش یافته و اندازه زیرجمعیت­های اسپرم کُندتر افزایش یافتند. تیمار DGC2 post مقادیر متغیر تحرک بهتری را در ساعت 24 و 48 نشان داده و درصد بیشتری از اسپرم­ها در زیرجمعیت­های سریع­تر قرار گرفتند. به طور کلی میتوان نتیجه گرفت که DGC2 می­تواند برای بهبود منی اخذ شده از نریان­های کم بارور و منی­هایی که باروری پایینی پس از ذخیره­سازی نشان می­دهند، به­کار گرفته شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - اثر پریبیوتیک و نوع تنظیم خوراک بر عملکرد، جمعیت میکروبی روده و تولید گاز در روده کور مرغان تخمگذار
ه. جهانیان نجفآبادی ع.1. ساکی ز. بهرامی ع. احمدی د. علیپور م. عبدالملکیدر این آزمایش، اثر پری­بیوتیک بایوماس® و نوع تنظیم خوراک (بر اساس اسیدآمینه کل و قابل هضم) بر عملکرد و جمعیت میکروبی روده باریک مرغان تخمگذار در یک دوره آزمایشی به مدت 10 هفته مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. تعداد 168 قطعه مرغ تخمگذار سویههای لاین 36-W در سن 73 هفتگی Moreدر این آزمایش، اثر پری­بیوتیک بایوماس® و نوع تنظیم خوراک (بر اساس اسیدآمینه کل و قابل هضم) بر عملکرد و جمعیت میکروبی روده باریک مرغان تخمگذار در یک دوره آزمایشی به مدت 10 هفته مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. تعداد 168 قطعه مرغ تخمگذار سویههای لاین 36-W در سن 73 هفتگی به طور تصادفی به 4 تیمار آزمایشی، 7 تکرار و 6 پرنده در هر تکرار اختصاص داده شدند. این مطالعه در قالب آزمایش فاکتوریل 2 × 2 با طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی شامل دو سطح پری­بیوتیک (0 و 5/0 کیلوگرم در تن جیره) و دو نوع تنظیم اسیدآمینه خوراک (کل و قابل هضم) انجام شد. تولید تخم مرغ، وزن تخم مرغ، توده تخم مرغ، میانگین مصرف خوراک روزانه و ضریب تبدیل غذایی بوسیله پری­بیوتیک بایوماس®، نوع تنظیم اسیدآمینه خوراک و اثر متقابل آنها به طور معنی­داری تحت تأثیر قرار نگرفتند. پارامترهای کیفی تخم مرغ شامل وزن مخصوص، ضخامت پوسته، وزن پوسته، واحد هاو و رنگ زرده تحت تأثیر پری­بیوتیک بایوماس® و نوع تنظیم اسیدآمینه خوراک قرار نگرفتند (05/0P>). هیچ اثر معنی­داری از پری­بیوتیک بایوماس®، نوع تنظیم اسید آمینه خوراک و اثر متقابل آنها بر شمارش باکتری­های لاکتوباسیل در ایلئوم مرغان تخمگذار مشاهده نشد (05/0P>). هیچ اختلاف معنی­داری از نظر سرعت و حجم تولید گاز در روده کور بین تیمارهای آزمایشی وجود نداشت (05/0P>). در نتیجه افزودنی خوراکی مورد استفاده در این مطالعه تأثیر معنی­داری بر عملکرد، شمارش باکتری لاکتوباسیلوس در روده و تولید گاز و جمعیت میکروبی روده کور مرغان تخمگذار نداشت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
224 - آنالیز مقایسهای مجموعه آللی اسبهای تروبرد در کشورهای مختلف
A.V. Shelyov O.V. Melnyk I.O. Suprun V.G. Spyrydonov S.D. Melnychuk V.V. Dzitsiuk B.M. Gopkaهدف از مطالعه حاضر، اجرای یک آنالیز مقایسهای از مجموعه آللی موجود در جمعیت اسبهای تروبرد اوکراین با جمعیتهای موجود در انگلستان، آمریکا، روسیه و کره جنوبی بر مبنای جایگاههای ریزماهواره موجود در DNA آنها با توجه به نتایج حاصل از پژوهشهای شخصی و مقالات موجود است. آن Moreهدف از مطالعه حاضر، اجرای یک آنالیز مقایسهای از مجموعه آللی موجود در جمعیت اسبهای تروبرد اوکراین با جمعیتهای موجود در انگلستان، آمریکا، روسیه و کره جنوبی بر مبنای جایگاههای ریزماهواره موجود در DNA آنها با توجه به نتایج حاصل از پژوهشهای شخصی و مقالات موجود است. آنالیز مقایسهای مجموعه آللی جمعیتهای تروبرد در کشورهای مختلف با کمک شش جایگاه ریزماهواره (AHT04، AHT05، HMS03، HMS06، HMS07 و HTG04) که توسط انجمن بینالمللی ژنتیک حیوانی (ISAG) برای آزمونهای انساب و تعیین هویت اسبها توصیه شدهاند، صورت گرفت. تعداد آللهای مشاهده شده در جمعیت اوکراین بیشتر از سایر کشورها است. جمعیتهای اسب تروبرد انگلستان و آمریکا بیشترین شباهت را بر مبنای فراوانیهای آللی دارند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - اثربخشی استفاده از پروبیوتیک چند سویهای در عملکرد، پاسخهای ایمنی و جمعیت میکروبی سکوم در جوجههای گوشتی پرورش یافته در شرایط استرس گرمایی
ن. لندی ا. کاویانیاین پژوهش جهت بررسی اثرات استفاده از پروبیوتیک چند سویهای (پریمالاک) در عملکرد، پاسخهای ایمنی و جمعیت میکروبی سکوم در جوجههای گوشتی پرورش یافته در استرس گرمایی انجام شد. در این آزمایش 96 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه (سویه راس 308) بهطور تصادفی به 8 گروه 12 قطعهای تقسیم Moreاین پژوهش جهت بررسی اثرات استفاده از پروبیوتیک چند سویهای (پریمالاک) در عملکرد، پاسخهای ایمنی و جمعیت میکروبی سکوم در جوجههای گوشتی پرورش یافته در استرس گرمایی انجام شد. در این آزمایش 96 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه (سویه راس 308) بهطور تصادفی به 8 گروه 12 قطعهای تقسیم و سپس با وجود 2 تیمار آزمایشی هر 4 گروه بهطور تصادفی به یکی از تیمارهای آزمایشی اختصاص داده شدند. در طول دوره آزمایش (42-0 روزگی)، جوجههای گوشتی جیره پایه (کنترل) و جیره پایه مکمل شده با 9/0 گرم پریمالاک در کیلوگرم خوراک را دریافت کردند. میانگین مصرف خوراک روزانه، ضریب تبدیل غذایی و افزایش وزن روزانه در سنین 14، 28 و 42 روزگی تعیین شدند. جمعیت میکروبی لاکتوباسیلوسها و کلیفرمها در سکوم اندازهگیری و محاسبه شدند. در سن 28 روزگی نمونه خون از ورید بالی برای اندازهگیری عیار پادتن بر علیه نیوکاسل، برونشیت، و گامبرو گرفته شد. نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق نشان داد که استفاده از پروبیوتیک بهطور معنیداری (05/0P<) باعث افزایش عملکرد در جوجههای گوشتی گردید، بهطوریکه وزنبدن و متوسط افزایش وزن روزانه افزایش و ضریب تبدیل خوراکی کاهش یافت. جمعیت میکروبی لاکتوباسیلوسها در جوجههای مکمل شده با پروبیوتیک بهطور معنیداری افزایش یافت و جمعیت کلیفرمها بهطور معنیداری کاهش یافت (05/0P<). همچنین استفاده از پروبیوتیک عیار پادتن تولیدی بر علیه ویروس نیوکاسل، برونشیت و گامبرو را افزایش داد. از جمعبندی نتایج این تحقیق چنین بهنظر میرسد که مکمل کردن جیرههای جوجههای گوشتی پرورش یافته در شرایط استرس گرمایی با 9/0 گرم پریمالاک در کیلوگرم خوراک اثرات مطلوبی را در عملکرد، پاسخهای ایمنی و جمعیت میکروبی سکوم القا نمود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - همخونی و پسروی ناشی از همخونی صفات وزن بدن در گوسفندان نژاد شال ایران
ز. پتیآبادی ش. ورکوهی س. ساور-سفلیهدف از انجام این مطالعه برآورد مقدار همخونی و اثر آن بر عملکرد صفات رشد، در گوسفندان شال بود. برای انجام این پژوهش از اطلاعات شجره و وزن بدن در سنین مختلف (وزن تولد، 3 ماهگی، 6 ماهگی، 9 ماهگی و 12 ماهگی) 6692 رأس بره حاصل از 90 رأس قوچ و 1007 رأس میش که طی سالهای 1376 ت Moreهدف از انجام این مطالعه برآورد مقدار همخونی و اثر آن بر عملکرد صفات رشد، در گوسفندان شال بود. برای انجام این پژوهش از اطلاعات شجره و وزن بدن در سنین مختلف (وزن تولد، 3 ماهگی، 6 ماهگی، 9 ماهگی و 12 ماهگی) 6692 رأس بره حاصل از 90 رأس قوچ و 1007 رأس میش که طی سالهای 1376 تا 1392 در ایستگاه پرورش و اصلاح نژاد گوسفند قزوین جمع­آوری شده بود، استفاده شد. برای برآورد ضریب همخونی از برنامه CFCو برای محاسبه میزان تابعیت صفات از همخونی، از نرم افزار WOMBAT استفاده گردید. تعداد حیوانات همخون موجود در شجره 1616 رأس (15/24 درصد گله) بود. میانگین ضریب همخونی کل جمعیت و جمعیت همخون به ترتیب برابر 51/1 و 28/6 درصد برآورد گردید. مقدار تغییر در صفات به دلیل همخونی برای اوزان تولد، 3 ماهگی، 6 ماهگی، 9 ماهگی و 12 ماهگی به ترتیب برابر 001/0-، 017/0-، 005/0-، 019/0- و 019/0- کیلوگرم محاسبه شد. بیشترین مقدار همخونی 25/31 درصد و بیشترین حیوانات همخون را حیوانات با ضریب همخونی صفر تا 5 درصد تشکیل دادند که این نتایج، در حال حاضر میزان پایین همخونی در این گله را تأیید می­کند. روند تغییرات سالیانه ضریب همخونی 07/0 درصد و به لحاظ آماری غیر معنی­دار بود. بنابراین با مدیریت همخونی به صورت افزایش آمیزش­های دور در گله و استفاده از آمیزش نرهای مولد برتر در گله به صورت کنترل شده، می­توان از اثرات زیان­آور احتمالی، ناشی از افزایش بیش از حد همخونی جلوگیری نمود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - Detection of Knowledge Governing on Demographic Characteristics of Customers in Selecting Banks by through using Associative Rules in Data Mining
Naser Ghabouli Alireza Bafandeh Zendeh Samad AaliThe purpose of the present study is to explore the dominant knowledge of the demographic characteristics of customers in choosing banks through using associative rules in data mining. Effective decision-making and learning in a growing and complex world with with MoreThe purpose of the present study is to explore the dominant knowledge of the demographic characteristics of customers in choosing banks through using associative rules in data mining. Effective decision-making and learning in a growing and complex world with with the help of thinkers and executives is a necessary which also need employing some mechanisms to understand the structures of complex systems and mass data acquisition as well as knowledge generation to make decisions. Most businesses identify their key customers through a variety of demographic characteristics. Businesses also target their consumers by promoting similar marketing features. Targeting consumers with similar demographic characteristics is useful for maximizing sales and profitability of the business. Banks are no exception to this rule because they are essential elements of the economy of a country. Data mining solves this problem through providing methods and software for automating analytics and discovering large and complex data sets. This research was conducted according to CRISP-DM standard and data were collected by questionnaire. Then, the results were converted into a database of ninety sources and after that they were extracted by using SPSS modeler software association rules for each bank. Extraction rules show how changing variables have an effect on other factors and ultimately on achieving goals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - Evaluation and Analysis of the Population Structure of Rural Settlements (Case study: Sistan and Baluchestan Province)
Gholam Reza Miri ُSajad Poudineh Morteza Sadegh bakhtiari Zahra sarabandiRural settlements, as the smallest geographical unit, have been formed under the influence of various factors in the geographical context and in the form of human-environment relations. Rural areas around the world tend to offer similar characteristics. Populations are MoreRural settlements, as the smallest geographical unit, have been formed under the influence of various factors in the geographical context and in the form of human-environment relations. Rural areas around the world tend to offer similar characteristics. Populations are spatially dispersed. Agriculture is often dominant and in some cases the economic sector and the opportunities to mobilize resources are limited. The aim of this study is to evaluate and analyze the population structure of rural settlements in Sistan and Baluchestan province. The research method is descriptive-analytical according to the research topic; the purpose is applied and the data have been collected by documentary method. The statistical population in this study includes all rural settlements in Sistan and Baluchestan province in 2016. Spatial correlation tests in Geoda software and Moran’s I have been used to analyze the data. The results of Moran correlation show that the amount of spatial correlation is significant and positive in all cases at the 95% confidence level and there are significant differences in terms of spatial pattern. Also, there is always a big difference between different regions of the province in terms of distribution of specified criteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - Spatial Equilibrium Analysis in Rural Population Distribution in Small Towns of Golestan Province (Case Study: Kalaleh City)
فضل اله اسمعیلیToday, the issue of inequality and spatial imbalances between urban and rural settlements is an important issue for economists and regional planners. Existence of economic duality, growth poles and dispersion of rural areas are among the effects of this phenomenon. Ther MoreToday, the issue of inequality and spatial imbalances between urban and rural settlements is an important issue for economists and regional planners. Existence of economic duality, growth poles and dispersion of rural areas are among the effects of this phenomenon. Therefore, in order to achieve balanced and integrated development in the regional space, creating a balanced and systematic hierarchy of settlements is one of the basic needs, among which attention to small towns is one of Balancing solutions to this situation. The aim of this study was to identify the status of settlement pattern, how to concentrate and the process of population distribution in the regional space of Kalaleh. In this regard, 11 villages have been considered as a sample and first entropy models have been used to measure the concentration of population in the network of settlements. Findings obtained from the entropy coefficient show the population imbalance in Kalaleh urban area has a coefficient of (0.572). In fact, spatial imbalance prevails in the urban area of Kalaleh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
230 - On the Analysis of Urban Hierarchy and Balancing the Spatial Distribution of Urban Centers Population in Guilan Province
E. Pourramzan E. Darvish-RahimabadiUrban hierarchy in terms of quantity is the best form of organizing space. Because it makes the distribution of activities and services at the community level, balancing classification, performance and appearance of different ways of life in the various geographical are MoreUrban hierarchy in terms of quantity is the best form of organizing space. Because it makes the distribution of activities and services at the community level, balancing classification, performance and appearance of different ways of life in the various geographical areas .Population distribution system is not balanced in the province and do not get a proper image form of accommodation and population settlement and cities .It was determined by studying the urban hierarchy of Gilan province during the years 1355 to 1395 .It was determined by studying the urban hierarchy Gilan during the years 1355 to 1395 the city of Rasht as the capital of Gilan and the metropolis area with a 42.41 percent of the urban population in 1395 in the "First City" demonstrated their dominant role and now all factors: geographical, social, economic, political, cultural and ...is in the interest of the city and to the detriment of small living centers. Meanwhile, concentration of the population led social and cultural difficulties such as housing problems, expensive land, rent, traffic congestion, failures in service and finally, a wide range of environmental contamination. This city in terms of having appropriate areas of political, economic and cultural, various migrants from surrounding areas has attracted and has been away urban hierarchy of Rank – Size law; So that in 1355 the city of Rasht was 3.41 equal the second largest city (Anzali).In 1390 the population of city of Rasht is 5.48 equal the second population (Anzali).To determine the population dynamics and rank cities in recent years, and its effects on the unbalanced development of urban centers, centralization and domination of one city in the provincial urban it is necessary to take measures in order to spatial organization of urban centers and a balanced distribution of geographical Society according to the possibilities and the limitations and comparative advantages of each region and with respect to land use planning policies and modify spatial development of urban centers. The most important approaches of this research is centralization Of city and Rasht area and attention to small and medium cities Province Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - Spatial analysis and hierarchical order in the town in Mazandaran province (in 1987-2017 Census)
Seyed Asgar Mirfatollahi Mansour Badrifar Hossein Shakohi Seyyed Rahim MoshiriAbstract Establishment of human settlements and modality it is distributed at the surface of the land will be the combined power of the region. On the other hand, the pattern of urban and rural settlements in the context of areas with each other can express the concepts MoreAbstract Establishment of human settlements and modality it is distributed at the surface of the land will be the combined power of the region. On the other hand, the pattern of urban and rural settlements in the context of areas with each other can express the concepts of territorial convergence and divergence. These concepts together form the spatial organization of cities, and on the other hand, they will also help to understand the hierarchy of these settlements. The present study was conducted with the aim of spatial analysis and studying the hierarchical system of cities in Mazandaran province. This research is an applied extension research. Because, while developing the study frameworks, it provides the necessary background for future analysis and the research methodology is descriptive-analytic. In this paper, the trend of distribution of urban population of the province in the 1987-2017 census was investigated by applying models such as rank-size, Lorenz curve, condensation coefficient, entropy coefficient, primacy city index and hierarchical profile. According to the findings of the research, the distribution of urban population of the province in the different classes is relatively balanced, although the share of Sari, Babol, Amol and Qaemshahr is higher than other cities, but cities with a population of less than a number are more numerous and the dominance of Sari city in the hierarchy system The provincial city network is negligible Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - Analysis of rural population structure in regions of Urmia city
Ali Akbar Taghiloo Ali Akbar Anabestani Reza KhosrobeygiThe purpose of this study is to investigate the distribution of demographic indicators based on the development levels of villages in the Urmia region. It also examines the demographic structure of rural areas based on environmental capacities. In this research, a combi MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the distribution of demographic indicators based on the development levels of villages in the Urmia region. It also examines the demographic structure of rural areas based on environmental capacities. In this research, a combination of descriptive, analytical and comparative methods has been used. The method of data collection is a documentary method and has been compiled from the statistics center, satellite images and documents, and statistics on natural resources and agriculture. The TOPSIS model for development analysis and model cluster analysis was used, and to analysis Population indicator was used of Gini index and measures inequality. The results show that have measures of population distribution in different ecological areas than in rural developmental areas. The Gini index show the same all parameters of population ecological region except density population areas And the Gini index of regional development show that is unequal population growth and mean of rural population. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - The Future of Population and Migration Developments in Cities of Razavi, North and South Khorasan Provinces
ali saffari raad ehsan alipouriGiven that today there are significant developments in the field of urbanization, especially population and migration, so future research and a vision for the future in adopting population policies, strategies and programs can be beneficial and ultimately likely to occu MoreGiven that today there are significant developments in the field of urbanization, especially population and migration, so future research and a vision for the future in adopting population policies, strategies and programs can be beneficial and ultimately likely to occur. To further the desirable future. The purpose of this study is to investigate the future of population and migration changes in the cities of North, Razavi and South Khorasan provinces. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. The method of data collection is also documentary and field. The trend impact analysis method has been used for future research on population changes and migration. The results show that according to population and migration forecasts, the urban population in Khorasan province during the years 1330-1394 has an increasing trend, but the population growth rate will continue to decline, as we approach the coming years the number of migrants. Also reduced. 50 key factors and 13 factors affecting population and urban migration in Khorasan provinces are considered by experts and ratings in micmac software. Using Scenario Wizard software, 3 strong or probable scenarios, 11 high compatibility scenarios and 261 weak scenarios, were extracted. Of the 3 and 11 scenarios, only three scenarios, which are more robust than the other scenarios, show a favorable population and urban migration in the coming years. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
234 - Analysis of the Relationship between City and Village in Fars Province for Sustainable Population Balance through Sustainable Tourism Development
Ali Shojaeifard ali shakoor mohammad omidThe relationship between the city and the village in various ways affects the animation, the growth and development of various industries in the village, as well as its internal and external relations. To meet the basic needs of the city and the countryside and create a MoreThe relationship between the city and the village in various ways affects the animation, the growth and development of various industries in the village, as well as its internal and external relations. To meet the basic needs of the city and the countryside and create a balanced and sustainable relationship between the city and its sphere of influence, you can measure population sustainability through sustainable rural development and tourism. Therefore, in this study, with the aim of investigating the relationship between city and village in order to balance a sustainable part of the population through sustainable tourism development and determining the sample size using the Cochran 34 Abadi formula from Shiraz and 363 households from selected villages using SPSS software Statistical analysis of data (cluster analysis and ANOVA test) in two groups of descriptive and analytical to evaluate the extraordinary goal. The results obtained that based on cluster analysis of rural-urban relationship based on improving population sustainability, in the economic dimension, 14.7% of villages are sustainable, in the socio-cultural dimension 14.7% of reports of sustainable villages and in the environmental dimension 9 / 52 There are reports from the village to the environment of a sustainable environment and according to the ANOVA test, rural-urban relations are stronger in sustainable villages, but the results of the ANOVA test in the study of the rural-urban relationship make tourism unsustainable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - Explaining the Consequences of Agricultural Land-Use Change on Demographic Changes in Rural Areas (Case Study: Sari, Mazandaran Province)
Seyyedeh Fahimeh Hashempoor Nasrollah Molaei Hashjin Mohamad Baset Ghoreyshi Bahman RamzaniAgricultural land-use changes are considered as one of the undesirable phenomena indicating the greedy nature of humans. One of the most important consequences of this undesirable change is disorder in the livelihoods and income of local residents and the occurrence of MoreAgricultural land-use changes are considered as one of the undesirable phenomena indicating the greedy nature of humans. One of the most important consequences of this undesirable change is disorder in the livelihoods and income of local residents and the occurrence of population movements. Accordingly, the main objective of this study is to investigate the consequence of agricultural land-use change on the demographic changes in rural areas of Sari city. The method of this study is descriptive-analytical and library and survey methods were used to collect data. The statistical population of the study was 25 villages, which were selected by random quota sampling and according to Cochran formula, 381 families were selected as sample size. The results of the analysis showed that in the last decade, agricultural lands has been decreased by 6% in the studied villages. It has had a great impact on the rural population dynamics. In villages near to the city and the sea due to their proximity to Sari city and having more job opportunities and benefiting from services and infrastructure an increase in population density has occurred, while in remote villages due to lack of access and unfavorable services and facilities, and value added of agricultural land-use change population decline has occurred. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - Development Strategic Planning of the New Cities in Iran (Case Study of the New Pardis City)
nemat shakarami mohammad shokouhiIntroduction: In Iran, new cities have been established with the goal of reducing decentralization from metropolitan areas and regional equilibrium development, but these cities have been involved in a number of issues and problems since the very beginning, requiring fu MoreIntroduction: In Iran, new cities have been established with the goal of reducing decentralization from metropolitan areas and regional equilibrium development, but these cities have been involved in a number of issues and problems since the very beginning, requiring fundamental considerations and reviews.Research Aim: in the present research, the main goal is to study the capabilities and affective factors on the development of the new Pardis city and to seek strategic solutions and fit mapping for the successful development of the new city using the new Meta-SWOT technique.Methodology: The research method is descriptive-analytical and the purpose of the research is applied. The data and information required have been gathered from the document, library, and survey (questionnaire, interview) sources. The sample members were 42 experts and researchers in the field of urban planning.Studied Areas: The geographical scope of this research is the new city of the campus.Results: The results show that the position of the new Pardis city, in the competitive map regarding the socioeconomic development parameter (X-axis) has the score of 2.75 out of 5 that it is possible to be placed after its competitors Parand and the Andisheh in the year 2024, that respectively with the scores of 4 and 3/5 have the highest position. It has also a compact competition with Hashtgerd and Eshtehard, which have gained the score of 2.85. Regarding the population capacity parameter (chart Y), Pardis city with the score of 3 out of 5 will have a position equal to that of Parand and above Hashtgerd and Eshtehard in the year 2024.Conclusion: The macro factors affecting the development of Pardis include macro policies of the country's management, lack of workplaces, inadequate infrastructure, ministry of roads and urban planning in housing affairs and urban services issues, including providing drinking water to the city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - Measuring the Willingness to Immigrate in Rural Households in the Eastern Frontier Regions (Case Study: Torbat-e Jam County)
maryam Ghasemi Farhad RamezaniIntroduction: Border villages are among the most sensitive and strategic parts of the country that have unique and unique characteristics in various economic, social, political, cultural and security aspects. Migration of rural inhabitants of the border will deprive the MoreIntroduction: Border villages are among the most sensitive and strategic parts of the country that have unique and unique characteristics in various economic, social, political, cultural and security aspects. Migration of rural inhabitants of the border will deprive these regions of the productive and protective population of the country and create problems in the destination of migration.Research Aim: the present study aims to measure the tendency of households to migrate to the border villages of Torbat-Jam city which is more 95% of them are Sunnis.Methodology: The research method is descriptive-analytical and it is applied-developmental. Documentation and field data were collected using a questionnaire. The sample size is 214 Sunni households residing in 17 villages 10 km from the Iran-Afghanistan border.Studied Areas: The geographical area of this research is the villages located 10 kilometers from the Iran-Afghanistan border in Torbat-e Jam County of Razavi Khorasan province according to the country divisions of 2015 and before the separation of Saleh Abad County.Results: The results show that the mean tendency to migrate construct is 1.98 lower than the theoretical average and is low in the Likert spectrum. This is due to the religious dualism of the destination with the source of immigration, which creates a large social cost for the migrant at the destination. Therefore, among the inhabitants of the border villages of the city, migration as a defensive strategy in the face of livelihood challenges and the latest strategy to achieve Minimal living standards.Conclusion: This study showed that only the existence of some deprivations does not cause migration, because for the Sunni villagers living on the border, cultural reasons (living in birth place and with people of the same religion) cause a low desire to migrate. Since the population in the border villages is considered as a strategic reserve of the country, it is an inevitable necessity to try to solve the livelihood problems, especially considering the low desire of the residents to migrate and the relative stability of the population. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - Population and Urbanism In The Guilan Province A Geographical Study
teymor amarCity and urbanism is result of relation between human and environment. human’s interference in the nature have creating structural and spatial change that city is sign this alteration. Because, ci MoreCity and urbanism is result of relation between human and environment. human’s interference in the nature have creating structural and spatial change that city is sign this alteration. Because, city has different function, in the geographical study have special status. City and urbanism culture in the ours country have past long and “Guilan province” salient that urbanism has from past long. In this province creation and trans formation to be not reach the same position in the all part and show differents proportional geographical factors that this article attempts to explain this case by three factors of population, ‘Geography position‘, and topography. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - Analysis Location Movements of Population in Rural Settlements (Case Study: Central Destrict of Sardasht Township)
shirko ahmadi morteza tavakoliThe village and villagers in the place of great importance, lack of attention to rural areas, the rural areas and the neglect of human resources and facilities of the rural rich, the main problem in achieving the development of rural. Different geographical areas in gen MoreThe village and villagers in the place of great importance, lack of attention to rural areas, the rural areas and the neglect of human resources and facilities of the rural rich, the main problem in achieving the development of rural. Different geographical areas in general and rural areas in particular how the changes affected population requires examining several factors. In this context, the detection of interaction effects of population change on rural areas is essential. With regard to the impact on the population structure and evolution of urban and rural settlements, in this study we have tried to analyze Location movements of population in rural Habitations are reviewed and analyzed. This article is an attempt to briefly review the current status of the rural population, the study evolution and its causes and its clarification. The population of the study comprises 169 villages of the central city sardasht of which 32 villages were selected using random sampling as samples. In this study, based on survey research methods, quantitative methods, statistical and scientific models and tools to analyze the demographics of survey questionnaires. The T-test was used to determine the factors involved. The results show that the main cause of migration and population change in the region. That its effect is manifested as a decrease in the evacuation zone causing an imbalance in the distribution of rural areas and scattered rural population as well as to other places. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
240 - The Role of Middle Cities in Spatial Development of Hamedan province with Emphasis On Malayer
majid shamsThe rapid population growth and urbanistion increase are among the phenomena which have appeared in a lot of countries in the world including Iran in recent decades; although the urban population increase is not an undesirble phenomenon per se and some think of it as a MoreThe rapid population growth and urbanistion increase are among the phenomena which have appeared in a lot of countries in the world including Iran in recent decades; although the urban population increase is not an undesirble phenomenon per se and some think of it as a symbol of development . Thus, what is going to be discussed and analyzed here is the unbalanced distribution of population in urban centers rather than the percentage of urbanity . However Hamedan province possesses some natural capabilities and suitable strategic situation as well as a good history , it dose not have a suitable social and economical development; there is no hierarchy regardung dwelling system and ranking rational services in its cities, towns, and even rural areas . As a result ,a large number of its population is concentrated in the center of the province (i.e. Hamedan itself ) and a first-rank model governs the city . In this research, through a sstematic and comprehensive method , the present status of the province and the role of middle cities in the spatial development of the province has been studied in a logical and rational way . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
241 - Process’s of creating and spreading second home in mountain jangle area of north of Iran during (1345 to 1385)
khadijeh galin moghadamToday creating second home of type tourism development in some of area in the world is common. During recent popular creating second home in around of big cities respecting in north of Iran is common and spec ting. In this respect, Jannat Rodbar in Ramsar township. in MoreToday creating second home of type tourism development in some of area in the world is common. During recent popular creating second home in around of big cities respecting in north of Iran is common and spec ting. In this respect, Jannat Rodbar in Ramsar township. in result of having suitable geographic location, close to sea and jungle and, area that tourists come there Like Tehran.Today jannat rodbar as touristic area that is affected a lot of tourism development. On the basis of that, high density of population in summer season, lack of tourism service, Population, environment pollution, change of land use and so on are the most important negative impacts of tourism development. In this article doing this study in this area in 46 seasonal and continual settlement Process’s of creating and spreading second home in mountain jangle area of north of Iran during (1345 to 1385) is evaluated. Finding show tourism development planning and management in respect of second home can develop rural areas in this region Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
242 - investigate the effect of womens emoloyment on fertility between the age 15-49 in jahrom.
Nabiolah Ider Leila TaghvaifardIn this research, the effect of women's employment rate on the fertility level in Jahrom city has been investigated, as well as other factors such as the effect of kind of occupations on women's fertility, the effect of women's education on their fertility, family incom MoreIn this research, the effect of women's employment rate on the fertility level in Jahrom city has been investigated, as well as other factors such as the effect of kind of occupations on women's fertility, the effect of women's education on their fertility, family income survey The fertility rate of women and the effect of husband's education on the fertility of women in Jahrom city have been studied. Using a survey method and using Cochran sample size formula, 400 women from 49 to 15 years of age were selected by Journals in a proportional way, and the information was collected using a questionnaire technique and sometimes an oral interview from the sample population. The data is taken. The results of this study have shown that there is a relationship between women's employment, type of occupation, education level, family income, husband's level of education and fertility, and affects fertility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
243 - A Comparative Study on Pension System Macro Strategies in Iran and Selected Countries
Reza Nagafbagy shahram karimnejad karamollah daneshfard akbar alamtabrizPopulation aging is going to be the one of the most urgent challenges for IRAN pension system. Policy makers in pension funds are facing a changing demographic structure of the society and have to find a way to adapt their future capacity to it. Therefore, this study wi MorePopulation aging is going to be the one of the most urgent challenges for IRAN pension system. Policy makers in pension funds are facing a changing demographic structure of the society and have to find a way to adapt their future capacity to it. Therefore, this study will center on the policy responses that have been made so far, comparing the five countries. The main research question “How have pension systems in developed and developing countries responded to the aging of their societies?” will be divided into two sub–questions, “To what extent have the five representative countries been affected by Global Aging in recent years?", "What pension reforms have been made in the representative countries?” The research design is a comparative case study and focuses on information found in policy papers and scientific articles on representative countries. The aim of this study is to provide an understanding of the different kinds of responses that were shown so far and furthermore give an outlook on possible future approaches. This study suggests that policy makers in IRAN consider the parametric reform that mitigate financial pressure and consolidation of multiple funds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
244 - Study of socio-demographic factors associated with students' tendency to value the Islamic Revolution (university students azad Islamic and payam noor gilangharb city)
احمد آذین هابیل حیدرخانی حسن الهیان منوچهر رشادیValues of the Islamic Revolution because the answer fundamental questions in the assignments provide the basis for community youth and intellectual support for social behavior and thoughts is One of the most important issues facing young people today is that need to be MoreValues of the Islamic Revolution because the answer fundamental questions in the assignments provide the basis for community youth and intellectual support for social behavior and thoughts is One of the most important issues facing young people today is that need to be answered. The main objective of this study was to examine the socio-demographic factors associated with the tendency of students to the values of the Islamic Revolution. Field research methodology and Survey techniques and the questioner. A sample size of 320 students in university azad Islamic and payam noor gilangharb city. The result tends to be too moderate values of the Islamic Revolution among students (x=3/59) is between the variables of social involvement, religiosity, age, sex, marital status and trends among young Islamic Revolution Basics There is a cultural identity; but the economic base - the values of the Islamic Revolution significant association was observed social trends. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
245 - The Effect of Country Division Conversion on Region's Demographic (Isfahan in Recent 10 Years)
علی اصغر مهاجرانی اعظم شیریThe aim of conversion is, reaching improvement in life. country division conversion is being done in various aspects by politician in order to remove people's need. This research has been done with the study of country division's evolution on Isfahan (in recent 10 years MoreThe aim of conversion is, reaching improvement in life. country division conversion is being done in various aspects by politician in order to remove people's need. This research has been done with the study of country division's evolution on Isfahan (in recent 10 years) and investigate these conversions on demography. The dependant variable (country division conversion on one region)is conceptually investigated and has been codified with the emphasis on social science's idea, theoretical framework and hypothesis. Gender compound, occupation, housing and educational status are considered unaffected by changes in the country situation. These are major factors on economical planning program and are specially important for developing countries which have rapid population and distribution conversion. Comparing before and after conversions was done with the use of documentary method and present data in the government. Test of variable relation were analyzed by transforming raw data to percent. Interpretation of major findings obtained as follows: 1.There is relation between situation's conversion and gender compound of these 8 regions(Toudashk,Komshecheh,Barzac,Sefidshahr,Meshkat,Jouzdan,Bafran and Nasrabad) 2.There is relation between situation's conversion and occupation of people in these 7region (Toudashk, Golshahr, Nasrabad, Zibashahr, Chadegan, Barzac and Dehaghan) In summary, development solutions in region's conversion that are seemed frequently by transforming village to city is not completely and equally possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - Identifying the social factors influencing on populations tendency toward their communities (case study: contexts, southern and northen Tehran, 2012)
سیدرضا معینی تکتم هادی زادهSince consideration of sustainable urban development is located. Due to the importance of sustainable development in urban areas , the trends of population living in urban neighborhoods affected by social factors have been examined in this study . The fundamental questi MoreSince consideration of sustainable urban development is located. Due to the importance of sustainable development in urban areas , the trends of population living in urban neighborhoods affected by social factors have been examined in this study . The fundamental question "What social factors contribute to population trends Neighborhood” The main problem in this research. Neighborhoods tend to feel a sense of belonging and solidarity based on considered as the dependent variable and in conjunction with other variables (independent variables) were measured. Thus, orientation and sense of social factors that have been hypothesized variables, lifestyle, social and social security. It is assumed that each of the above variables in the Roth with a sense of orientation and choosing a neighborhood’s residents have been involved as a residence . To test the hypotheses of the study and a library methods and then survey questionnaire was used. Measurements are selected . The results and findings show that the most relevant and significant correlation between lifestyle and social status of people with a sense of location and orientation. Also, comparison of the two groups revealed significant differences in terms of lifestyle, social security, social status and sense of belonging to the local show. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - مقایسه رفتار کشت محصول سالم بر اساس متغیرهای جمعیت شناسی(مطالعه موردی: بهره برداران روستایی استان کرمانشاه در ایران)
مرضیه معرف alireza poursaeed roya eshraghi hamed chaharsoghi aminبا افزایش جمعیت روزافزون جهان ، تأمین غذای مورد نیاز جامعه بشری با محدودیت های جدی روبرو است ، این امر به دو دلیل باعث شده است که کشاورزان از سموم دفع آفات و سموم شیمیایی استفاده کنند: اول افزایش تولید و دوم مبارزه با آفات گیاهی .استفاده از سموم و کودهای شیمیایی افراد ر Moreبا افزایش جمعیت روزافزون جهان ، تأمین غذای مورد نیاز جامعه بشری با محدودیت های جدی روبرو است ، این امر به دو دلیل باعث شده است که کشاورزان از سموم دفع آفات و سموم شیمیایی استفاده کنند: اول افزایش تولید و دوم مبارزه با آفات گیاهی .استفاده از سموم و کودهای شیمیایی افراد را در معرض خطر بیشتری قرار داده است. کشت محصولات ایمن راهی برای مبارزه با این مشکل است. در مطالعه حاضر ، پژوهشگر رفتار کشت محصولات سالم را بر اساس متغیرهای جمعیت شناختی مقایسه کرده است. این تحقیق یک مطالعه غیر آزمایشی از نوع کمی ، پس رویدادی(تحقیق علی - مقایسه ای) است. جامعه آماری تحقیق 80304 نفربهره بردار روستایی استان کرمانشاه بود که 385 نفر به عنوان حجم نمونه انتخاب شدند. به دلیل پراکندگی جامعه آماری ، 400 پرسشنامه از طریق نمونه گیری خوشه ای چند مرحله ای بین کاربران توزیع شد.نتایج نشان داد که بین میانگین نمرات رفتاربهره برداران در خصوص کشت محصولات سالم در استان کرمانشاه بر اساس متغیرهای شرکت در کلاسهای آموزشی - ترویجی ، الگوی نقش ، سن ، سابقه کار، سطح تحصیلات و درآمد ماهانه ، تفاوت معنی داری وجود دارد. فقط متغیرهای تاهل و جنسیتی تفاوت معنی داری با رفتار کشت محصول سالم نداشتند. با برگزاری کلاسهای ترویجی در این زمینه و معرفی کشاورزان نمونه و موفق به عنوان الگو و دادن پاداش مالی به آنها می توان به موفقیت هایی در زمینه کشاورزی سالم دست یافت.دولت و سازمان ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی در دستیابی به این موفقیت نقش بسزایی دارند Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
248 - Investigating the role of demographic variables and attitudes towards success factors on the success of small and medium businesses under Science and Technology Parks in Iran
hosein Kazemi Najme MolaeiAbstract Background and purpose: Some small and medium businesses operate in the market for a longer period of time and the reason for that is the success of these businesses. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of demographic variables and attitu MoreAbstract Background and purpose: Some small and medium businesses operate in the market for a longer period of time and the reason for that is the success of these businesses. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of demographic variables and attitudes towards success factors on the success of small and medium businesses under science and technology parks. Research method: This research is descriptive and survey-type and practical according to its purpose. The statistical population of the research is the businesses covered by the technology parks, which were sampled by cluster method. 4 provinces (Kerman, Razavi Khorasan, Yazd and Fars provinces) were selected by a selective method and necessary data were randomly collected from companies located in technological parks. The data collection tools were interviews and questionnaires. One-factor analysis of variance, Friedman's analysis of variance and Mann-Whitney test were used for data analysis. Findings: The results showed that family businesses and businesses that focus on internal factors have achieved more success. Companies that give higher priority to the variables of knowledge acquisition, innovation ability, increasing product quality, improving the technical ability of employees, relationship with universities and research centers, have been more successful in comparison with other business. Conclusion: For the success of small and medium businesses in science and technology parks, focusing on family businesses and internal factors is of particular importance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
249 - رابطه ی جابجایی و طول گسل به روش مقیاس بندی توان - قانون در بخش مرکزی تاقدیس سبزپوشان
کورس یزدجردی سیدکامل حسینی قدرت الله فرهودی عبدالحسین جاهدی -
Open Access Article
250 - the Prioritization of the Influential Indicators on the Recruitment and Maintenance of Volunteer Groups to Serve
Hossein Samadi-Miarkolaei Hamzeh Samadi-MiarkolaeiThe investigation of influential factors on the recruitment and maintenance of the youths and volunteers groups to serve holds an especial importance in the strategic management of the Red Crescent Society, but there are few studies that address to these factors in the MoreThe investigation of influential factors on the recruitment and maintenance of the youths and volunteers groups to serve holds an especial importance in the strategic management of the Red Crescent Society, but there are few studies that address to these factors in the Red Crescent Society. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is the prioritization of the influential indicators on the recruitment and maintenance of the youths and volunteers groups to serve in the Red Crescent Society using Fuzzy DEMATEL-Based Analytic Network Process (FDANP) Approach. Present paper was a descriptive-analytical research along with applying the FDANP Approach for the prioritization of the influential indicators on the youths and volunteers groups to serve which is conducted in the Red Crescent Society of Mazandaran Province. Statistical population of the study consists of the managers and experts of the Red Crescent Society of Mazandaran Province those opinions received by a purposive method. Results showed that relevant factors to the maintenance are more important than relevant factors to recruitment sector. Among sub-criteria, organizational culture variable (0.1255), the variable of technical tools, communication, and advertisement (0.1218), and variable of the encouraging and hortative tools (0.1215) gain highest levels of weights respectively. On the one hand, the variable of human resource management (0.088) reaches to the lowest level of weight and importance. Nowadays, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and Grassroots Organizations (GROs) are continuously considered in the relevant debates to serving, consultant, social and philanthropic movements, donors, the creation of civil society, and social entrepreneurship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
251 - Improving peripheral services in Isfahan public libraries from the views of users based on demographic factors
Ebrahim Mollaee Ahmad Shabani Roghayeh Rezaei AderyaniPurpose: This research aimedatimproving peripheral services in public libraries of Isfahan province from the views of users based on demographic factors. Methodology: The research method is descriptive survey. The research data were collected by a questionnaire devel MorePurpose: This research aimedatimproving peripheral services in public libraries of Isfahan province from the views of users based on demographic factors. Methodology: The research method is descriptive survey. The research data were collected by a questionnaire developed based on IFLA and UNESCO guidelines. The population included all the members (210000) of the public libraries located in five regions of the province. A population size of 459 individuals was selected using a cluster sampling. Findings: Among the demographic characteristics, gender differences have been observed between mean components scores improved public library services in the province were no significant. The only difference observed between marital status scores were significant component library outreach services. Based on age and education level and employment status of each component in the improvement of public library service were significant. Based on years of using the library services of library services in library outside services of library services and storytelling events there is a significant difference among public libraries in Isfahan. Conclusion: Men and women share similar opinions expressed relative to the research questions. With regard to demographic factors, education level, users at all levels of school expressed positive comments regarding the three components of peripheral services. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
252 - Study of MNSODA16V gene polymorphisms of genes involved in type II diabetes patients in the population of Mazandaran province
zeynab noroozi Abbas Ali Dehpour joybariOne of the genes that can play a role in increasing the incidence of type 2 diabetes is the MNSODA16V gene. In this study, the relationship between this gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus among Mazandaran people was studied. About 1cc of blood containing EDTA (CBC) plasm MoreOne of the genes that can play a role in increasing the incidence of type 2 diabetes is the MNSODA16V gene. In this study, the relationship between this gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus among Mazandaran people was studied. About 1cc of blood containing EDTA (CBC) plasma were obtained from 50 infected and 50 individuals. In order to determine the amount and quality of DNA, two methods of quantitative evaluation using spectrophotometric method and qualitative evaluation using electrophoresis were used. In order to estimate the DNA concentration, 4 μl of the DNA base solution was mixed with one μl of the sampler buffer and evaporated once in the wells of 1.2% agarose gel in the TAE buffer. To evaluate the PCR product, 2% agarose gel was performed. 5 μl of the product of each reaction, with 1 ml of color, was transferred to gel wells and electrophoresis at 100 volts for 1.5 hours. The gel was stained in Ethidium bromide solution (0.5 mg / ml) for 20 minutes, and then transferred to distilled water from the dye gel apparatus. Unfortunately, due to the repeated use of up to 3 times and the use of the DNA extraction kit, this is not the work process and needs to be further explored. For this reason, this study shows little success with the association of MNSODA16V polymorphism and also requires more study in different populations to better understand the role of MNSODA16V. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
253 - Examining the Impact of Health Indicators on Economic Development Indicators in the Provinces of Iran
mahboobeh farzad Mohsen Zayandehroodi Seyed Abdolmajid Jalaei Esfand AbadiHealth indicators, as a significant factor, can play a crucial role in enhancing the levels of developmental indicators in countries. The present study aims to examine the impact of health indicators on economic indicators during the period 1395-1399 for 31 provinces of MoreHealth indicators, as a significant factor, can play a crucial role in enhancing the levels of developmental indicators in countries. The present study aims to examine the impact of health indicators on economic indicators during the period 1395-1399 for 31 provinces of the country. This research is of an applied and analytical nature. Data analysis is conducted using Stata 17 software, and model estimation is based on the Panel Data pattern. To test the hypotheses, Xtpcse test has been utilized to achieve the results.The results obtained from estimating the model indicate a positive and significant impact of health indicators on economic indicators such as the participation rate of the population aged 10 and older, the unemployment rate of the population aged 10 and older, the Gini coefficient of urban and rural areas, per capita gross domestic product, gross domestic product, health and treatment costs, and education. Therefore, health indicators can have a significant impact on economic development. Thus, by addressing barriers to improving health, efforts can be made towards enhancing the sustainable development of provinces in economic and other educational, human, and various other domains. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
254 - Predictors of job involvement among faculty members of islamic azad university
Malek MirhashemiA Sample of 214 full time and part-time faculty members of five Islamic Azad Universities, selected by multi-stage sampling method, answered the Job Involvement Questionnaire (Kanungo, 1982). The results revealed that male faculty members were significantly more involve MoreA Sample of 214 full time and part-time faculty members of five Islamic Azad Universities, selected by multi-stage sampling method, answered the Job Involvement Questionnaire (Kanungo, 1982). The results revealed that male faculty members were significantly more involved with their jobs than the female faculty were (t = -2.891, P < 0.01). The job involvement was higher among the faculty with a) more work experience (r = 0.182, P < 0.01), and b) higher academic rank (F = 2.785, P < 0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
255 - Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Cognitive Failures Questionnaire
Mahnaz ShahgholianThis study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the persian version of the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire. 300students (123 male and 177 female) were selected by cluster random sampling method. The subjects responded to the Cognitive Failures Questionna MoreThis study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the persian version of the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire. 300students (123 male and 177 female) were selected by cluster random sampling method. The subjects responded to the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire(Broadbent, Cooper, Fitzgerald & Parkes, 1982), Metacognition Questionnaire (Wells & Cartwright-Hatton, 2004), and Barkley Deficits in ExecutiveFunctioning Scale (Barkley, 2011). The results of the explorative factor analysis showed the 4 factors with an eigenvalue higher than 1 that wereexplaining 76.81% of variance together. Fit indexes of the confirmatory factor analysis model confirmed the fit of this questionnaire. The results of thecorrelation coefficient showed a significant positive relationship between cognitive failures with metacognition inefficiency and executive dysfunction.Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of Cognitive Failures Questionnaire subscales and the overall score were obtained in the range of 0.65-0.81. Based onfindings, Cognitive Failures Questionnaire appears to be reliable and valid in Iranian populations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
256 - Study on the structure of phytoplankton population in the Lar dam lake
F. KarbalaeeIn this study, in order to investigate limnological and biological parameters of Lar dam lake such as indentification determination of the density and distribution of phytoplanktons, sampling were done during 3 months (July-August-September) and fixed in formalin 4% and MoreIn this study, in order to investigate limnological and biological parameters of Lar dam lake such as indentification determination of the density and distribution of phytoplanktons, sampling were done during 3 months (July-August-September) and fixed in formalin 4% and transferred to laboratory for further investigation under inverted microscope. In this study, 24 genera which belonged to 5 phytoplanktonic phyla were identified. Among these genera, 8 were belonged to Ochriphyta, 7 generaus was belonged to Chlorophyta, 3 genera were belonged to Dinophyta, 1 genera were belonged to Euglenophyta, 5 generaus was belonged to Cyanobacteria. In this reservoir dam, Ochriphyta was the dominant phytoplanktom phylum with being annually 88.59% of the population, and followeding by genera Asterionella was dominat samples. The others Other phytoplanktonic phylla were: Chlrophyta, Cyanobacteria, Dinophyta and Euglenophyta with following frequencies: of 6.48%, 2.88%, 1.76% and 0.25% respectively, followed by the and following genera: (Pandorina, Scendemus, Closterium, Oocystis, Gonium, Chodatella and Chlorella), (Anabaena, Merismopedia, Oscillatoria, Gleocapsa, and Coelosphaerium), (Peridinium, Gymnodinium and Ceratium) and (Euglena). In all of the sampling months, the highest average density was belonged to Ochriphyta with 1560733 number per liter and the dominant genus of this phyllum which was observed in high number during in a months, was Asterionella. After that was, followed by Chlorophyta with average number of 164600 per liter and its dominant genera were Scenedesmus, Pandorina and Chlorella, respectively. Biological studies indicated that this reservoir had low planktonic generation potential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
257 - Identification and community structure of macro-benthose in Gahar Lake (Lorestan Province)
R. Mousavi Nadushan M.R. Fatemi N. HasaniLake Gahar is located in southwest of Iran, in East Lorestan province and at 2350m above sea level. There is little information and few studies on limnology of this lake . This tectonic lake is known to have a unique macro- invertebrate fauna. In order to perform a comp MoreLake Gahar is located in southwest of Iran, in East Lorestan province and at 2350m above sea level. There is little information and few studies on limnology of this lake . This tectonic lake is known to have a unique macro- invertebrate fauna. In order to perform a complete research on the zoo-benthic community of the lake, the present study was conducted during a period of seven months from April 2011 to December 2011 with the exception of 5 months during very cold seasons when the lake was covered by ice. The benthic assemblage was sampled monthly from 3 sites in profundal zone. In total 6 genera and species and 5 families were found from which 1 species is unique in Iran. In this research, the dominant species of the lake are Quistadrilus multisetasus , Stylodrilus herngianusof class Oligochaets and Pisidium casertanum of class Bivalvia. Their abundance percentage determined in respect of total distribution were %69, %13 and %6, respectively. The maximum abundance of total population of macro- benthos in Gahar lake was 11617.78±4910.379 individual per square meter in May and the minimum was 1436.32±671/87 individual per square meter in April. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
258 - The effects of pesticides on microbial population of saline soils using culture-dependent and next generation sequencing methods
Safoura Hashemi joker Mahmoud Shavandi Azam Haddadi Ebrahim AlaieBackground & Objectives: Despite of widely use of pesticides in agricultural industry, their ecotoxicological impacts on the environment are not still well understood. In the present study, the effects of chlorpyrifos and deltamethrin pesticides on soil microbial di MoreBackground & Objectives: Despite of widely use of pesticides in agricultural industry, their ecotoxicological impacts on the environment are not still well understood. In the present study, the effects of chlorpyrifos and deltamethrin pesticides on soil microbial diversity in different salinities were investigated.Materials and methods: Four soil samples with various salinities (0, 1%, 2% and 4%) were contaminated with 200 mg/kg of chlorpyrifos and deltamethrin. Then, the effects of these compounds were investigated by culture-dependent and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) methods. The dominant bacterial strains were isolated and compared with the results of the NGS method.Results: Remarkable groups of active soil species were destroyed. The main groups at the phylum level were, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. Examination of the pattern of operational taxonomic unit (OTU) showed that the lowest abundance belonged to the group of soil samples contaminated with chlorpyrifos and the highest abundance belonged to the non-contaminated sample. Alpha diversity analysis revealed that the highest number of strains was observed in non-saline and uncontaminated soil microcosms, and the lowest number of strains was observed in the presence of deltamethrin (1% salinity) and chlorpyrifos (0% salinity).Conclusion: The results indicated that soil salinity had significant impact on the resistance of soil microorganisms to the chlorpyrifos and deltamethrin. Every soil samples will have its own microbial composition based on its physicochemical conditions under the influence of pesticide contamination. By comparison of microbial composition by culture-dependent and molecular-based methods, almost similar findings were obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
259 - The study of two plant extracts inhibitory to the quorum sensing of Chromobacterium violaceum CV026
Milad Makhfian Nader Hassanzadeh Kambiz LarijaniBackground and Objectives: Many bacteria utilize quorum sensing mechanism in order to coordinate their vital functions such as survival, motility, production of biofilm, pathogenicity factors, etc. Interfering with the complicated cell-to-cell communication system p MoreBackground and Objectives: Many bacteria utilize quorum sensing mechanism in order to coordinate their vital functions such as survival, motility, production of biofilm, pathogenicity factors, etc. Interfering with the complicated cell-to-cell communication system paralyses bacterial calls to perform their different indigenous functions like pathogenicity. In this study interfering effects of two distinguished plant extracts, whitetop and dill, on bacterial quorum sensing of Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 was evaluated. Materials and Methods: Whitetop and dill plant species were collected from the surrounding agricultural areas and commercial fields of Urmia City. The collected plants were extracted using three organic solvents, 96% ethanol, n-hexane and methanol. The Antimicrobial susceptibility and anti-quorum sensing bioassays were then performed to find out their bactericidal property and depletion of violacein, respectively. Furthermore, the assays regarding pathogenicity suppression using anti-quorum sensing activity and acyl homoserine lactone induction through Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum strain were carried out. Results: Based on the results, both of the plant extracts possess meaningful anti-QS activities; however, the proportion of the activity in whitetop was fewer than dill. Furthermore, the aforementioned plant extracts had bactericidal activity in which whitetop had more proportion in comparison to dill. Conclusion: Due to decrease in the production level of violacein by CV026 as a result of the anti-quorum sensing activity of whitetop and dill extracts, application of the extracts can be considered as an appropriate approach for controlling bacterial pathogens without developing resistance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
260 - تاثیر توسعه مالی بر توسعه انسانی در کشورهای درحال توسعه با تمرکز بر ویژگیهای نهادی، اجتماعی و اقتصادی
سجاد برخورداری حمید ابریشمی مجتبی ذوالفقاری -
Open Access Article
261 - تحلیلی بر پراکنش جمعیت و توزیع خدمات درمحلات شهری میبد از منظر توسعه پایدار
ملیحه ذاکریان میرنجف موسوی علی باقری کشکولی -
Open Access Article
262 - بررسی ارتباط بین عوامل ژئومورفولوژیکی با توزیع فضایی جمعیت با استفاده از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی
صمد شادفر -
Open Access Article
263 - تحلیلی بر تأثیرات کلانشهر تهران بر متغیرهای جمعیتی شهرهای کوچک پیرامونی مطالعه موردی شهرهای رودهن و بومهن»
اسماعیل نصیری -
Open Access Article
264 - Exploring the Demographic Differences of Consumers with Different Decision-Making Styles Regarding the Purchase Behavior of Sunich Juices
Samira Ghashghayi Ghasem Bakhshandeh Roya Avalin chaharsoughi Zahra HosseiniAbstract Studying different decision-making styles in different groups helps to better understand the market because when customers are well characterized, we can better help them to make a purchase. The present research explored Sproles and Kendall’s eight decisi MoreAbstract Studying different decision-making styles in different groups helps to better understand the market because when customers are well characterized, we can better help them to make a purchase. The present research explored Sproles and Kendall’s eight decision-making styles of consumers (perfectionist and high-quality conscious, novelty-fashion conscious, brand conscious, price conscious, recreational and hedonistic conscious, confused by over choice, impulsive and careless, and habitual and brand loyal) with different demographic characteristics (gender, age, marital status, education, occupation, income, and household size). In this regard, the data of 530 consumers (selected by the convenience sampling method) of Sunich juices in Khuzestan province were collected. Afterward, the data were analyzed by ANOVA and T-test using SPSS software. The results revealed the demographic differences of consumers with different decision-making styles. Finally, the discussion and practical suggestions were presented based on the findings. Keywords: Decision-making style, Consumer behavior, Demographic differences, Sproles and Kendall model Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
265 - Antecedents and Consequences of Individual Investors' Behavior in the Iranian Capital Market Relying on Neural Financial Aspects: A Mixed Approach
morteza maryami yaghoubian ali najafi moghadam Farideh Haghshenas Kashani bita nasrolahiThe present study mainly aims to model the individual investors' behavior in the capital market following the neural financial approach. The present study is categorized as mixed method research. The grounded theory and the technique of the structural equations were use MoreThe present study mainly aims to model the individual investors' behavior in the capital market following the neural financial approach. The present study is categorized as mixed method research. The grounded theory and the technique of the structural equations were used in the qualitative and quantitative parts. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire. The sampling continued until theoretical saturation, which was achieved after 17 interviews. Then, the behavioral model of individual investors with antecedents and consequences was developed based on the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin's theory in three main steps, including open, axial, and selective coding. The results indicated that the causal conditions affecting investors' behavior in the same contextual conditions are generally in two main groups of neuropsychological and demographic factors. In a quantitative part, it was found that neuropsychological factors are effective with an intensity of 79%. Among the components of this variable, emotional behavior and location had the most and the least impacts, respectively, and the demographic factors were effective with an intensity of 12%. Financial support and gender also had the most and the least impact among the components of this variable, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
266 - بررسی مقایسهای مسائل جمعیتی موثر در حیات اجتماعی ایران و تاجیکستان
سعید خراطها -
Open Access Article
267 - تحلیل جامعه شناختی نگرش مردم نسبت به مهاجران خارجی
سعید بیگوند جعفر رجبلو -
Open Access Article
268 - Examining the psychological factors affecting impulse buying behavior in sports
hosein hasanpoor farshad tejari zinat nikaeinThe purpose of the current research was to investigate the psychological factors affecting impulse buying behavior in sports customers. The current research is applied in terms of the implementation goal and descriptive in terms of the collection process. The research c MoreThe purpose of the current research was to investigate the psychological factors affecting impulse buying behavior in sports customers. The current research is applied in terms of the implementation goal and descriptive in terms of the collection process. The research community included customers of sports stores and sampling was done by simple random sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect information. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by sports management professors. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained using Cronbach's alpha method of 0.70. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data and inferential statistics (factor analysis method and structural equation test) were used to analyze the data. The existence of all conditions of structural equations showed that psychological factors including self-esteem, excitement seeking, excitability, extroversion, enjoyment of shopping and self-confidence are effective in the emergence of impulse buying behavior in sports goods customers. Examining the identified demographic factors also showed that women more than men, married people more than single people, people interested in the brand more than those indifferent to the brand, and fans of sports teams make impulse purchases more than non-fans, and on the other hand, age , social class, income level, sports skill level and education level are not effective in the occurrence of impulse buying behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
269 - تحلیلی بر وضعیت نگرش و آگاهی جمعیتی دانشجویان
naser hajazi -
Open Access Article
270 - بررسی عوامل اجتماعی و فرهنگی مرتبط باکیفیت زندگی در بین سالمندان استان گلستان
sharzad bazrafshan -
Open Access Article
271 - بررسی رابطه پایگاه هویت و مدیریت بدن در بین دانشجویان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحدتبریز
mahmoud elmi baharak bagherizonoz -
Open Access Article
272 - بررسی مسأله اجتماعی محوری شهر تهران در سالهای نخست انقلاب اسلامیتا پایان جنگ (67-1357)و نسبت آن با شرایط اجتماعی حاکم بر این دوره
shirin alizadeh tahereh ghaderi -
Open Access Article
273 - Studying the effect of some demographic features on the media consumption among the employed women in Tehran
Alireza Manzari Farahnaz Gandforosh Armin Amir -
Open Access Article
274 - بررسی دیدگاه زنان در مورد رفتارهای باروری در قومیت
mahdi gadimi ayoob mardani seiedahmad mortazavi eydi mohamadsavari farzad mardani -
Open Access Article
275 - بررسی اثرات جمعیتی برنامههای توسعه اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی (1383ـ1327) بر توزیع، سلسله مراتب و اندازه جمعیت شهری ایران
hossein javadkhani -
Open Access Article
276 - The research of the manifestation of second demographic transition ( case study Tehran)
samira rostami Mohsen Ebrahim PourThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of demographic transition in Tehran, which is a functional, descriptive nature and the method of collecting data from the field. The study of 384 married women in Tehran is using simple random sampling. To evaluate relia MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of demographic transition in Tehran, which is a functional, descriptive nature and the method of collecting data from the field. The study of 384 married women in Tehran is using simple random sampling. To evaluate reliability, validity of methods used, and to assess its reliability using Cronbach's alpha values for all variables (both independent and interdependent) has been accepted. The results showed it is important that Signs of arrival in Second Demographic Transition with a high level of The desire to divorce and reduction in the compulsory marriage and Low levels of other variables because of the no change in the family structure in the country seems logical. It must be said in view of the rapid changes in society, the other aspects of the demographic transition, such as Increased sexual relationship outside of marriage and abortion, childless tend to be definitive and official statistics are not available, Is not far-fetched that it would need to continue research and statistics are unofficial observations. Therefore, it can be suggested with respect to this research, in Tehran, Researchers to investigate this phenomenon in other cities More detailed observations were recorded until a more clear vision of the country's population changes and The country's strategic planning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
277 - Economic, social and demographic characteristics and health in the old age
Hasan saraii Ali Seifizadeh -
Open Access Article
278 - The Relationship between Structure of Economic-Social Development and Demographic Structure in Family System in Iran over the Past Three Decades
Nahid Tahermohammadi Seifolah SeifolahiThis study aimed to examine the relationship between structure of economic-social development and demographic structure in family system in Iran over the past three decades. The theoretical framework of study is based on the theory of SaifullahSaifullahi in both macro a MoreThis study aimed to examine the relationship between structure of economic-social development and demographic structure in family system in Iran over the past three decades. The theoretical framework of study is based on the theory of SaifullahSaifullahi in both macro and micro levels. This study is obtained from documents, field study and survey by questionnaire technique that have formal and structural and credit validity (Cronbach's alpha upper than 70%). The statistical society of this study are the number of households living in Tehran in95-94 based on data from the Statistical Center of Iran reported 4/1 million households and were selected according to Cochran formula by the sample size via cluster and sharing sampling method and according to the variables measurement level it was reported form statistical tests by Kolmogorov-Smirnov and investigating hypotheses of study through one-sample t-test and following results were obtained. Documentary evidences have shown inseparable association of economic-social development and changes of demographic elements and components of family system. Interviews with experts showed that the most important developments in the family based on propagation of nuclear family and the survey findings showed the results of one-sample t-test representing significant relationship between the structure of economic-social development and demographic elements and components in family system in Iran over the past three decades. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
279 - Relationship Demographic and Cultural Characteristics with Citizenship and Withdrawal Behaviors
Naser Mirsepasi Gholamreza Memarzadeh Hosein Alipoor Mohammad Feizi The main purpose of this research is to reveal the differences of demographics and cultural characteristics in citizenship and avoidance of withdrawal behaviors.Primary problem of research is whether is exist significant differences between demographics cha More The main purpose of this research is to reveal the differences of demographics and cultural characteristics in citizenship and avoidance of withdrawal behaviors.Primary problem of research is whether is exist significant differences between demographics characteristics and contingency cultures in citizenship and withdrawal behaviors. The research method is based on a descriptive- Survey research and the statistical populationconsists of Iran public organization. Theoretical and Sequential sampling method is the basis of the choice of research environments. 21 organizations selected as research environments, then according to cochran sample volume method, 1392 questionnaires distributed among the sample members and1234completed questionnaire was collected. This questionnaire containing 38 questions and a questionnaire made by the researcher which is based on Likert Scale. The validity of questionnaire is confirmed by the authorities and the reliability coefficients calculated for organizational culture questionnaire 71%, for citizenship behavior 72%, and for avoidance of withdrawal Behaviors73%. The results of the statistical analysis (obtained from SPSS software) showed that there are significant difference among the demographics characteristics in citizenship behaviors and avoidance of withdrawal behaviors. Also observed, citizenship behaviors and avoidance of withdrawal behaviors has not equal importance in contingency cultures, and there are a significant relationship among the citizenship behaviors and avoidance of withdrawal behaviors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
280 - Developing Meta-heuristic AntLion-Genetic and PBILDE Algorithms to Portfolio Optimization in Tehran Stock Exchange
Mahdi Homayounfar Amir Daneshvar Jafar RahmaniIn financial studies, portfolio can be defined as a set of investments that are selected and accepted by an individual or institution. Portfolio selection is one of the main concerns of investors in financial markets. The average-variance model with bound restrictions i MoreIn financial studies, portfolio can be defined as a set of investments that are selected and accepted by an individual or institution. Portfolio selection is one of the main concerns of investors in financial markets. The average-variance model with bound restrictions is considered as one of the main models in solving the portfolio optimization problem. In terms of complexity, this model is a polynomials NP-hard non-linear problem that cannot be accurately solved. In this study, an Antlion optimizer- Genetic algorithm (ALOGA) and a population based incremental learning and differential evolution algorithm (PBILDE), which are modern meta-heuristic models for solving optimization problem, are used to optimize the investment portfolio through increase the return and reduce the risk. Among 591 companies listed on Tehran stock exchange from April 2012 through March 2015, 150 companies were selected as the final sample using screening method. The data of these companies were analyzed using the applied algorithms in this research and their efficiency was compared together. The results indicate that ALOGA and PBILDE algorithms both are suitable for solving the portfolio optimization problem. In addition, using the ALOGA algorithm, it is possible to create an optimal portfolio with high accuracy and efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
281 - The effect of drought on morphological characteristics of anisum (Pimpinella anisum L.)
M. Mohammadi Alborzi F. Safikhani J. Masoud Sinaki B. AbbaszadehIn order to investigate the effect of drought on morphological characteristics of Anisum, a split plot experiment was conducted in 2011 at Research Station located in the Alborz mountains in Karaj by using a randomized complete block design in four replications. The mai MoreIn order to investigate the effect of drought on morphological characteristics of Anisum, a split plot experiment was conducted in 2011 at Research Station located in the Alborz mountains in Karaj by using a randomized complete block design in four replications. The main factors included 3 populations (Sabzevar, Kerman and Jiroft) and the operating subsidiary of 4 Stress levels (10, 30, 50 and 70 Percent moisture depletion). Results showed that the main effect (population) the number of umbrellas, leaf dry weight, seed weight and seed weight of the sub-agent (drought) on plant height, canopy diameter, small diameter, large canopy, umbrella number, root dry weight, stem dry weight, leaf dry weight, dry matter yield and seed weight showed a significant difference . The main operating subsidiary of interaction in small canopy diameter and number of umbrella in 1% And the dry weight and stem dry matter yield in 5% was significant. Comparison of the main factor (population) showed that the greatest number of umbrella with an average population of Jiroft 66.62 n/p, leaf dry weight with an average population of Sabzevar 198.543 Kg/ha of grain per hectare and an average population of Kerman 2.95 g/p were obtained. Comparison of the effects of sub-factor (drought) showed that the highest plant (48.91 Cm), the number of umbrella (81.83 n/p), root dry weight (91.778 Kg/ha), stem dry weight (577.725 Kg/ha), leaf dry weight (272.724 Kg/ha), dry matter (942.227 Kg/ha) and seed weight (3.20 g/p) obtained from 10 percent moisture depletion. 10% moisture depletion level was the best water level to produce the highest dry matter production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
282 - معرفی ساختار جمعیت و فراوانی ماکروبنتوزهای رودخانه خبر در فصول مختلف سال
اعظم آتش برگ محمدرضا احمدی فلورا محمدی زاده مریم معزی -
Open Access Article
283 - ارزیابی زیستی رودخانه کر(استان فارس) در فصول مختلف با استفاده از ساختار جمعیتی ماکروبنتوز
اسماعیل تازیکه حجت الله فروغی فرد غلامعباس زرشناس علی اکبر صالحی احمدرضا تورجی مهدی حفار محمدرضا احمدی مازیار یحیوی -
Open Access Article
284 - پویایی جمعیت و زیست شناسی تولید مثل گل خورک یال دار (Boleophthalmus dussumieri, Valenciennes, 1837) درخوریات استان هرمزگان، خلیج فارس
علی سالارپوری محمد رضا طاهری زاده سیامک بهزادی محمد درویشی -
Open Access Article
285 - ارزیابی زیستی رودخانه چشمه کیله تنکابن(استان مازندران) با استفاده از شاخص های زیستی، ساختار جمعیتی و زیتوده ای درشت بی مهرگان کفزی
روح الله عباسپور حمیدرضا علیزاده ثابت مسعود هدایتی فرد جواد مسگران کریمی -
Open Access Article
286 - Analysis of the Long-term Effects of Human Capital and Research and Development on Iran’s Economic Growth, 1967- 2007
S. Safdarian A. Yahyaabadi A. HortamaniEducation and research are important factors in the process of growth and economic development. This article aimed to investigate the effect of physical capital, human capital and research and development (R&D) on Iran's economic growth. For the analysis, data from MoreEducation and research are important factors in the process of growth and economic development. This article aimed to investigate the effect of physical capital, human capital and research and development (R&D) on Iran's economic growth. For the analysis, data from 1969 to 2007 and, augmented of the Solow model were used. For a dynamic analysis, Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) was employed. After long-term relationship was confirmed by Fstatistic test, long-term coefficients were estimated. The result showed positive and statistically significant effect of physical capital, human capital and R&D on growth. The estimated coefficient of Error Correction Model equaled 0.33 showed that in each period 33 percent of the imbalances were adjusted towards the long–term equilibrium. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
287 - Distribution and population density of the cereal cyst nematodes (Heterodera Spp.) in rain-fed fields of wheat and barley of the Markazi province
M. Hajihasani A. Hajihasani M. GhalandarThe cereal cyst nematodes are one of the most important soil-born pathogens on wheat and barley throughout the world. The two species of the cereal cyst nematodes, H. filipjevi and H. latiponsare widely distributed in Iran, but H. avenae has limited distribution. A fiel MoreThe cereal cyst nematodes are one of the most important soil-born pathogens on wheat and barley throughout the world. The two species of the cereal cyst nematodes, H. filipjevi and H. latiponsare widely distributed in Iran, but H. avenae has limited distribution. A field survey was conducted for determining of distribution regions and population density of the cereal cyst nematodesin Markazi province in 2009. In this study 83 soil sample of wheat and barley fields were taken from Arak, Shazand, Farmahin, Ashtian, Komijan, Tafresh, Zarandieh, Mahallat, Khomein and Saveh regions. The modified Fenwick can technique was used to extract cysts from the soil. Based on the morphological characteristics of the second stage juveniles and the vulval cone structures, two species were identified as H. filipjevi and H. latipons. The results showed that H. filipjevi was the most dominant species in both wheat and barley fields, whereas, H. latipons was found on wheat in Khomein and Zarandieh regions. H. filipjevi had more distribution and population density in Farmahin, Tafresh and Khomein regions in comparison to other regions. The cereal cyst nematodes were found in 39.7% of rain-fed fields of wheat and barley of the Markazi province. The most of nematode population density was determined (20-40 cyst per 300 g of soil) in some cereal fields that can be as one of limiting factor in yield reduction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
288 - The Investigation of Abundance and Population Density of Mountain Racerunner (Eremias montanus) at Meydan Mishan of Hamadan Provine of Iran
عماد رهبر نصرالله رستگارپویانی محمود کرمی علیرضا محمدیMany biological studies require the estimation of population density or population size are also needed to determine the size of specimens of species distribution pattern is used. So the purpose of this study that on the mountain racerunner at Alvand heights such as acc MoreMany biological studies require the estimation of population density or population size are also needed to determine the size of specimens of species distribution pattern is used. So the purpose of this study that on the mountain racerunner at Alvand heights such as accepted, determine the density and distribution pattern .this species is Thus only within a small Zagros Mountains in the provinces of Kermanshah and Hamadan has been reported, and a species is considered native to Iran. In this study, that from April to October 2010 while starting activity species after hibernation done, the study area to two A and B share .was the exact density of these methods line transect using the Hine estimate respectively 16.9 and 20.1 individuals per hectare and the estimated population of this species respectively 725 and 321 individuals was calculated. the most important factors in the difference density such Among areas of plant density, the pores and gaps, bait needed, slope and elevation was determined, the pattern of distribution of this species using chi-squared random obtained, using plot and test index of dispersion, chi-squared goodness of fitness and G-test of Williams distribution pattern cavities and prey was Random and distribution pattern plants was pile. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
289 - The Study of Molecular and Population Diversity of Rutilus frisiikutum in Anzali Lagoon and Shirud River by Using of Molecular Genetic Method
فریدون چکمه دوز قاسمی شهرام بهمنش مهتاب یارمحمدی محمد حسن زاده صابرAnzali Lagoon and Shirud River are two important spawning areas in south Caspian Sea for kutum. Due to the economically valuable of this fish, molecular and population genetic structure of this fish was investigated using microsatellite markers.For this purpose, 100 sam MoreAnzali Lagoon and Shirud River are two important spawning areas in south Caspian Sea for kutum. Due to the economically valuable of this fish, molecular and population genetic structure of this fish was investigated using microsatellite markers.For this purpose, 100 samples from two regions were collected and DNA was extracted. Ten pairs microsatellite primer was used for PCR which all made polymorphic patterns. Data resulted: 191 alleles were observed. The maximum numbers of alleles (18) were found in two loci (Ca1 and Ca3) and the minimum number of alleles (2) was found in MFW1 locus. The differences between samples of two regions were not statistically significant (P>0.05) neither for average number of alleles per locus nor for observed heterozygosity. The calculated Fst was 0.056 and significant (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
290 - The Study of VEGF405CG Gene Polymorphisms Involved in Type II Diabetes Patients in the Population of Mazandaran Province
Z. Noroozi A.A. Dehpour JoybariType 2 diabetes is the most common diabetes and includes about 90% of all diabetic cases in the world. The most common gene polymorphism (VEGF405CG) is in the untranslated region of 5UTR, 405CG polymorphism probably has an effect on the level of expression after the gen MoreType 2 diabetes is the most common diabetes and includes about 90% of all diabetic cases in the world. The most common gene polymorphism (VEGF405CG) is in the untranslated region of 5UTR, 405CG polymorphism probably has an effect on the level of expression after the gene translation and increases the gene products. VEGF is a vascular endothelium factor that plays an important role in DR pathogenicity as an angiogenic and capillary permeability factor. Therefore, VEGF405CG may be a good candidate for potential of catching diabetes type 2. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between this gene and diseases such as type 2 diabetes in the population of Mazandaran province. The tested specimens consisted of 50 patient and 50 healthy people referring to the Atieh and Shahid Babaei laboratories. About 1 ml of blood containing EDTA (CBC) from 50 patient and 50 healthy individual was taken as a control after obtaining informed consent. In order to determine the amount and quality of DNA, which is a very important step in the RFLP method, spectrophotometric and electrophoresis method were used for quantitative and qualitative evaluation, respectively. To estimate the concentration of DNA, 4 μl of the base DNA solution was mixed with 1 μl of the sampler buffer and in a well, 1.5% agarose gel was evacuated in TAE buffer. A PCR product was evaluated on an2 % agarose gel. 5 μl of product of each reaction with 1 ml of color transferred to gel wells and electrophoresis was performed at a voltage of 100 V for 1.5 hours. The gel was stained in ethidium bromide solution (0.5 mg/ml) for 20 minutes and after transferred to distilled water was photographed with gel dock. This study does not show any association between VEGF405CG polymorphism among type II diabetic patients and further study is needed in different populations to better understanding the role of VEGF405CG. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
291 - Comparing morphomeristic Brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) in the rivers of Havigh and Shafaroud in Gilan Province
Mohammad Salavatian Keyvan Abbasi Akbar Pourgholami Moghadam Toraj Sohrabi Langroudi Hamid Abdollahpour BiriaSalmo trutta fario is a vulnerable population and usually upstream of most of the rivers in the Southern Caspian Sea and inland waters. The fish which is in the rivers of Havigh Astara and Shafaroud Rezvanshahr population and hence, respectively, 41 and 32 with a MoreSalmo trutta fario is a vulnerable population and usually upstream of most of the rivers in the Southern Caspian Sea and inland waters. The fish which is in the rivers of Havigh Astara and Shafaroud Rezvanshahr population and hence, respectively, 41 and 32 with a fishing device, electric, tour throw the hook in the years 2009 and 2010 catches and characteristics of morphometric and meristic were studied. Studied fish in the river of Shafaroud weighs 7.54 to 78.4 (29.65 ± 16.7) gr and fork length 85 to 184 (125.8 ± 22.4) mm and has weight in the river of Havigh 11.3 to 73.8 (26.17 ± 16.4) gr and fork length of 94 to 176 (121.6 ± 22.8) mm, respectively. The number of scales on the lateral line is 104 to 139, the number of scales between the adipose fin and lateral line is 14 to 19, the number of rays soft . The results show that the significant difference between the head length and head height, the length of the upper jaw, eye diameter, height maximum and minimum body height of the dorsal and anal fins, the pectoral and ventral fins. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
292 - Strategies of pressurized irrigation systems Development in desert areas of Iran, with an attitude sustainable agricultural development and population settlement
Morteza Delfan Azari Hadigheh Mohammadi Afshin Yusuf Ghomrokchi Mohammad Amel SadeghiIran has limited water resources combined with high evapotranspiration. The overpopulation and the increasing need of food and thus the lack of agricultural products always rings the alarm. Thus with development of water resources and saving water, we can raise surface MoreIran has limited water resources combined with high evapotranspiration. The overpopulation and the increasing need of food and thus the lack of agricultural products always rings the alarm. Thus with development of water resources and saving water, we can raise surface water irrigated fields and finally raise agricultural productivity. In this project, by using existing data from soil and water resources in the Central Desert, including provincesKhorasanRazavi and Jonoobi, Semnan, Isfahan, Qom, Yazd, Hormozgan, Kerman, Sistan and Baluchestan and by using Boolean logic and GIS software, suitable and talented areas, identified for the implementation of modern irrigation systems, And then based on the results of questionnaires, affecting factors of rejection the pressurized irrigation systems by farmers in desert areas were analyzed with SPSS software And finally by using sustainable agricultural development indicators of population, the population sustainable settlement, it was estimated. The results show that, with the proper use of water and soil resources and avoid wasting this valuable resource not only can be increase production per unit area index over the country and world but also by increasing acreage can be increase products in the range of 4 to 42 percent and establishment of population based on various indices in the range of 11 to 34 percent. While economic-administrative agent as the main challenge in the implementation of pressurized irrigation systems in desert areas were identified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
293 - بررسی تعالی هوش سازمانی در سازمان های آموزش و پرورش براساس متغیرهای جمعیت شناختی (مطالعه ای موردی)
مرضیه احمدپور رمضان جهانیان پریسا ایران نژاد -
Open Access Article
294 - Internal migration trends and demographic policy priorities of Iran
حمیدرضا قوام ملکی محمد مهدی رشیدی -
Open Access Article
295 - the relstionship between social and cultural amenity on the tendency of spatial to move in five selected areas of tehran
fatemeh heydarjamaat mansor sharifi Ali Baghaei SarabiThe Amenities can be defined in terms of the opportunities that a city provide to its..amenity is one of the dynamic of urban spaces that can provide the basis of urban health for sustainable urban development.accordingly the purpose of this article is to analyze the ro MoreThe Amenities can be defined in terms of the opportunities that a city provide to its..amenity is one of the dynamic of urban spaces that can provide the basis of urban health for sustainable urban development.accordingly the purpose of this article is to analyze the role of urban amenity from a social and cultural point of view of the tendency of citizens to movespatially in five selected areas of Tehran. For this purpose, 1103 citizens of districts two, seven, the, nineteen and twenty-one Tehran were selected using cluster sampling method. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionaire. spss software was used for analysis. Pearson correlation was used to show the relationship between demographic factors and social-cultural amenity factor analysis method and was used for qualitive differences and logistic regression was used to indicate the tendancy shift. Based on the Findings the social – cultural amenity of the city along with demographic correlations such as age, sex, education, income and length of stay in the study areas have a significant correlation with age, education, income and inverse relationship with the length of stay in the place of residence of the respondents. this means that the longer the stay the less there will be a tendency to move. the results obtained from the factor load showed that the value of the amenity index increases with age and the importance of amenity varies among the educational groups, womaen and men, income. the results of logistic regression analysis showed that demographic variables have a significant effect and and socio- cultural amenity is inversely related to the tendency of people to move in the five regions . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
296 - مهاجرت در رهیافتهای امنیت انتقادی
معصومه رشاد افسانه رشادمهاجرت به عنوان پدیده اجتماعی بر ساختار دموگرافیک کشورها تاثیرگذار خواهد بود. این امر ترکیب جمعیتی واحدهای سیاسی را تحت تاثیر قرار میدهد. کشوری همانند ایران که از ضریب و نرخ رشد جمعیتی بالا برخوردار است، طی سالهای دهه 1970 با پدیدهای به نام مهاجرت روبهرو بوده است. ا Moreمهاجرت به عنوان پدیده اجتماعی بر ساختار دموگرافیک کشورها تاثیرگذار خواهد بود. این امر ترکیب جمعیتی واحدهای سیاسی را تحت تاثیر قرار میدهد. کشوری همانند ایران که از ضریب و نرخ رشد جمعیتی بالا برخوردار است، طی سالهای دهه 1970 با پدیدهای به نام مهاجرت روبهرو بوده است. اصلیترین گروههای مهاجر را افغانیها تشکیل دادهاند. آنان در برخی از شهرهای کوچک «ترکیب جمعیت شاغل» را تحت تاثیر قرار دادند. از سوی دیگر، این امر بر «نرخ دستمزد»، «نرخ اشتغال» و «نرخ ناهنجاریهای اجتماعی» تاثیرگذار بوده است. در این پژوهش تلاش میشود تا مساله آسیبشناسی مهاجرت در ایران براساس رهیافت انتقادی مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. نظریهپردازان مکتب انتقادی بر این اعتقادند که در سالهای دهه 1990 به بعد مولفههای اجتماعی بر امنیت ملی کشورها تاثیر بیشتری به جا گذاشته است. این امر تحت تاثیر کاهش نقش دولت در کنترل تحرک نیروهای اجتماعی همجوار قرار گرفته است. از سوی دیگر، میتوان این موضوع را مورد توجه قرار داد که کاهش نقش دولت در کنترل فضای مهاجرت زمینه بروز برخی از ناهنجاریهای مشهود در ساختار اجتماعی – اقتصادی و همچنین توزیع مواد مخدر را به وجود آورده است. این امر در زمره دغدغههای مکتب انتقادی در ارتباط با ظهور و گسترش ناامنی اجتماعی میباشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
297 - تاثیر عوامل اقتصادی- اجتماعی جمعیتی بر مهاجرت افغان ها در شهرستان دماوند در سال 1398
Mohammad alii Jafarie SHirin Ahmadniya Hoseyin Hashemi Daranپژوهش حاضر به شناخت عوامل اقتصادی،اجتماعی و جمعیتی موثر بر میزان گرایش مهاجرت افغانها به شهرستان دماوند می پردازد. با طرح پرسشهایی از قبیل نقش عوامل اقتصادی – اجتماعی و جمعیتی و تاثیر آن بر میزان گرایش مهاجرت افغانها به شهرستان دماوند، میباشد.درچهار چوب نظری از ن Moreپژوهش حاضر به شناخت عوامل اقتصادی،اجتماعی و جمعیتی موثر بر میزان گرایش مهاجرت افغانها به شهرستان دماوند می پردازد. با طرح پرسشهایی از قبیل نقش عوامل اقتصادی – اجتماعی و جمعیتی و تاثیر آن بر میزان گرایش مهاجرت افغانها به شهرستان دماوند، میباشد.درچهار چوب نظری از نظریه های سرمایه انسانی،جاذبه و دافعه، دیدگاه وابستگی، مدل تودارو، دیدگاه سیستمی، قانونارتباطات ومهاجرت راون اشتاین ،مهاجرت زنجیره ای وجهانی شدن مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است ، روش این پژوهش،پیمایشی و ابزار گرد آوری اطلاعات،پرسشنامه محقق ساخته و نمونه مورد مطالعه 385 نفر از افغان های ساکن شهرستان دماوند هستند که با روش نمونه گیری خوشه ای و در نهایت بااستفاده از روش تصادفی ساده انتخاب شدهاند.به منظور تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات از نرم افزار spss استفاده شده است.رابطه بین متغیر های مستقل و متغیر وابسته مثبت ونسبتاً قوی می باشد.از مجموع تاثیرات،سهم میزان تاثیر عوامل اقتصادی در مرحله اول،عوامل اجتماعی در مرحله دوم و عوامل جمعیتی در مرحله سوم قرار دارد و در مجموع 98 درصد تغییرات متغیر وابسته گرایش به مهاجرت توسط این سه متغیر اصلی قابل تبیین است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
298 - Investigate the demographic and social health of the central office staff Imam Khomeini Relief Committee (RA) in Tehran in 1394
Mojhgan sadat Mahdiuon Mohammad javad GhaedmohammadiThe purpose of each individual's social health is related to how he communicates with other people or society comes along, How to treat others with him, or react and their interaction with social institutions and practices and how collective morality.The purpose of each individual's social health is related to how he communicates with other people or society comes along, How to treat others with him, or react and their interaction with social institutions and practices and how collective morality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
299 - Study on the anomaly of economic growth - social Rodhen 1391
Ali akbar Arshadi Hasan hashemodaranAbstract This study assesses the effects of population age structure on economic and social anomalies was conducted. The importance of this study it can be concluded that such surveys can be used in crowd control and abnormal control as well as social and economic bene MoreAbstract This study assesses the effects of population age structure on economic and social anomalies was conducted. The importance of this study it can be concluded that such surveys can be used in crowd control and abnormal control as well as social and economic benefit. The research method is descriptive - survey and statistical society where people are Rodhen of which 360 were chosen. The data collected in theoretical books and has been previous research in the field of self-administered questionnaire was used to the reliability of the amount of (83%) was confirmed. The data were analyzed in two parts: descriptive and inferential statistics and the results showed: Changes had the effect of age on education. Age changes on income, employment and housing affected. As well as changes in population age with parenting, religious, educational environment and the prevalence of crime is involved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
300 - check the status of primary school teachers motivation and its relation to the demographic characteristics year 2013-2014 in Andimesh city
afshin miri hammid farhadi rad abdollah parsaThis study was investigated to "check the status of primary school teachers motivation and its relation to the demographic characteristics year 2013-2014 in Andimesh city . “Methods of this research is describable – survey. The population includes all of ele MoreThis study was investigated to "check the status of primary school teachers motivation and its relation to the demographic characteristics year 2013-2014 in Andimesh city . “Methods of this research is describable – survey. The population includes all of elementary teachers in Andimishek that they’re about 380 people that choose 191 people random as sample. For collecting information was used one kind of questioner That is based 4 rate Likert to evaluate job motivation of teachers with 11 questions. Stability of questioner with Cronbach’s Alpha formula about is 0.95. Tool’s vitality approved by honorable experts and professors of university. A collected givens analyzed with utilization of descriptive statistics similar average, standard deviation, Frequency, percentage and also deduction statistics similar independent T-test , One-sample t test and Analysis of variance . Results demonstrated that Teachers motivation was very low and Among the demographic variables, gender and level of education had a significant relationship with job motivation, but the job motivation of teachers based on the degree and work experience, no significant difference was not found. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
301 - Binomial sequential sampling model to facilitate monitoring of greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) populations in broom corn farms
Habibollah Khodabandeh Shahram Shahrokhi KhaneghahThis study was conducted to develop a binomial (presence-non presence) sequential sampling model for saving time in determining population density of greenbug, Schizaphisgraminum (Rondani) in broom corn fields. For this purpose, 50 broom corn stems were sampled every th MoreThis study was conducted to develop a binomial (presence-non presence) sequential sampling model for saving time in determining population density of greenbug, Schizaphisgraminum (Rondani) in broom corn fields. For this purpose, 50 broom corn stems were sampled every three days for counting the aphid number. The mean and variance of population at each sampling date were used to estimate spatial dispersion parameters. Then, Taylor’s Power Law parameters were used to prepare binomial sequential sampling models at two precision levels of 0.10 and 0.25. The spatial distribution of S. graminum in the field was clumped and its mean population at different sampling dates ranged from 0.14 to 25.45 aphids per stem. Comparison of models showed that sample size required for estimating aphid population increased significantly by reducing the precision level from 0.25 to 010. Therefore, the binomial sequential sampling model at the precision level of 0.10 was very time consuming and was not suitable for estimating aphid population density. However, the model at 0.25 precision level reduced the required sample size compared to the fixed sample size method. Overall, using binomial sequential sampling model at 25% precision level, the proposed precision level for pest management programs can reduce sampling time in comparison to the fixed sample size method and is recommended for estimating the pest population in integrated pest management programs in broomcorn farms Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
302 - Sequential sampling model for monitoring of Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in broomcorn fields of Miyaneh region, Iran
Habibollah Khodabandeh Shahram Shahrokhi KhaneghahThe present research was carried out for determining spatial distribution type and developing sequential sampling models for precise estimating of corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) population in broomcorn, sorghum vulgare var. technicum, fields of Miyaneh re MoreThe present research was carried out for determining spatial distribution type and developing sequential sampling models for precise estimating of corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) population in broomcorn, sorghum vulgare var. technicum, fields of Miyaneh region, Iran. To investigate spatial distribution pattern, population was sampled every 3 days on 50 broomcorn tillers to calculate variance and mean number of aphids at each sampling date. Taylor’s power law was more suitable and so its parameters was used to develop sequential sampling models using Green (1970) method at precision levels of D = 0.1 and D = 0.25. Results revealed high number of corn leaf aphid in broomcorn field with an aggregated dispersion pattern. Mean aphid population at different sampling dates varied from 5.22 to 109.10 aphids per stem. Estimates of spatial distribution parameters were used to develop sequential sampling models and sampling stop lines using Green (1970) method at precision levels of D = 0.1 and D = 0.25. Comparison of sampling models showed that sample size required for estimating aphid density significantly increased by decreasing precision level from 0.25 to 0.1. So, sequential sampling model at 0.10 precision level was time­-­consuming and it was not suitable for estimating corn leaf aphid population. However, sequential sampling model at 0.25 precision level reduced sample size required for monitoring R. maidis population in comparison to the fixed sample size method. In conclusion, sequential sampling model at 0.25 precision level could reduce sampling time and so, it recommended for estimating population in IPM programs of the pest in broomcorn fields of Miyaneh region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
303 - Survey of the infective tick fauna on cows and their seasonal population variations in Azarbayejan-e-qarbi province, Iran
Jaber Davoodi Naser Hoghughi Rad Shahram ShahrokhiTicks are obligatory ectoparasites of animals especially mammalians. Tick species living on cow skin, their population variations and infection rate of cows according to age, gender and season were studied from March 2006 to February 2007 in Azarbayejan e qarbi province MoreTicks are obligatory ectoparasites of animals especially mammalians. Tick species living on cow skin, their population variations and infection rate of cows according to age, gender and season were studied from March 2006 to February 2007 in Azarbayejan e qarbi province, Iran. Tick specimens were collected from 1800 male and female cows of different ages in 21 cities of the province and data were analyzed by SPSS software. As a result, 183 cows (%10.16) have been infected by ticks. The highest and lowest infection rates were observed in late May and February, respectively. Results of data analysis showed that there were significant differences between numbers of ticks isolated in different seasons. From 703 adult and larvae of identified ticks, Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (%49.78), Rhipicephalus bursa (%18.91), Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum (%11.95), Rhipicephalus sanguineous (%13.37), Dermacentor marginatus (%4.55), Boaphilus anulatus (%0.71) and Rhipicephalus thuranicus (%0.71) had highest abundance, respectively. Ticks on the cow body surface were observed on inguinal region (%50.26), perineum (%30.1), breasts (%15.87) and testis (%3.7). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
304 - Studies on sheep tick fauna and their seasonal population variations in Azarbayejan-e-qarbi province
Sohrab Rasoli Naser Hogogi Rad Jaber Davoodi Hamed AhariAn investigation was conducted in order to determine the tick species of sheep body surface and their seasonal population variations in Azarbayejan-e-qarbi province from March 2006 to April 2007. Sampling was done from overally 1800 sheep of both sexes, from 21 cities a MoreAn investigation was conducted in order to determine the tick species of sheep body surface and their seasonal population variations in Azarbayejan-e-qarbi province from March 2006 to April 2007. Sampling was done from overally 1800 sheep of both sexes, from 21 cities and their suburbs of the province. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS computer software. The results revealed that 243 (13.44%) sheep was infested by hard ticks. The highest percentage of the sheep tick infestation was observed in Miandoab area during June 2006, while lowest percentage was in shahindegh area during February 2006. There was a significant difference (p<0.005) in the tick population of sheep during the seasons and months of the year. Out of 1200 ticks were collected on sheep and were identified as: Hyalomma anatolicum anatolium (36.7%), Rhipicephalus bursa (34.83%), Dermacentor marginatus (12.75%), H. a. excavatum (8.41%) , Boophilus annulatus (3.33%), Haemaphysalis punctata (2.8%), Hae. sulkata (1%) and Rhipicephalus sanguinus (0.83%). The difference of tick site preference was significantly noticeable. Distribution of ticks over different parts of sheep body surface according to their frequency were as follow respectively: under the tail (fat) (46%), groin (22%), head and meck (15%), on the breasts (12%). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
305 - Population fluctuation of broom corn aphid parasitoids in Miyaneh region, Iran
Shahram Shahrokhi Habibollah Khodabandeh Koroush SiamiAphids are the most injurious pests of broom corn in Miyaneh region, Iran. Chemicals are used in different times for plant protection by farmers, regardless to natural enemy activity. Identification of native natural enemies is essential in integrated pest management pr MoreAphids are the most injurious pests of broom corn in Miyaneh region, Iran. Chemicals are used in different times for plant protection by farmers, regardless to natural enemy activity. Identification of native natural enemies is essential in integrated pest management programs. In this research, broom corn aphid parasitoids were collected and identified and their population fluctuations were also studied in comparison to their aphid hosts. For this purpose, aphid colonies were sampled and mummies were collected. Live aphids were also reared on broom corn seedlings for 10 days to select parasitized aphids from unparasitized ones. Results revealed that, there were two aphid species in broom corn fields of Miyaneh region, including Schizaphis graminum and Rhopalosiphum maidis. Parasitoids were collected on both mentioned aphids and were belong to genus Aphelinus, family Aphelinidae. High parasitoid population was seen when aphid population was high, and vise versa. Significant positive correlation of aphid and parasitoid populations was duo to host specificity and might be a criterion of effective natural enemies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
306 - Biology and population fluctuation of broom corn aphids in Miyaneh region, Iran
Shahram Shahrokhi Habib Ollah Khodabandeh Koroush SiamiBroom corn is one of the most important crops in Miyaneh region, Iran. Aphids are major pests of the crop and farmers use different chemicals to their control in several times. In this research, broom corn aphids were collected and identified. Population fluctuation of MoreBroom corn is one of the most important crops in Miyaneh region, Iran. Aphids are major pests of the crop and farmers use different chemicals to their control in several times. In this research, broom corn aphids were collected and identified. Population fluctuation of the aphids was also investigated by weekly sampling and their biological characteristics were studied using leaf cages. The results revealed that, there were two species including Schizaphis graminum and Rhopalosiphum maidis in broom corn fields. Population peak of S. graminum (mean number of 10.725 aphids per tiller) was observed in June and decreased rapidly in July. R. maidis appeared later than S. graminum, but it was the most injurious aphid species of broom corn during all growing season. R. maidis population and it’s honeydew covered some plants and caused necrosis so that it’s number reached more than 1000 aphids per tiller. Mean number of this species reached to 114.75 aphids per tiller and then decreased rapidly. In laboratory studies, mortality rate of S. graminum and R. maidis on broom corn leaves was relatively low (3.2 and 5.6 percent). Nymphs of both species matured in less than 10 days. Mean longevity and mean fertility of mentioned aphid species was 28.2 and 32.6 days and 41.84 and 49.7 nymphs per female respectively. Mean generation time of S. graminum and R. maidis was also 11.3 and 10.9 days respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
307 - Population fluctuations of broom corn aphid specific predators in Miyaneh region, Iran
Shahram Shahrokhi Habib Ollah Khodabandeh Koroush Siami Jaber DavoodiAphids are the most important pests of broom corn, Sorghum cernuum, in Miyaneh region and chemical pesticides are severally used for plant protection by farmers regardless to beneficial insect’s activity. With respect to the importance of conservation strategy of MoreAphids are the most important pests of broom corn, Sorghum cernuum, in Miyaneh region and chemical pesticides are severally used for plant protection by farmers regardless to beneficial insect’s activity. With respect to the importance of conservation strategy of natural enemies in integrated pest management programs, aphid specific predators including lady beetles, flower flies and lacewings were collected and identified and their population fluctuation were compared to that of host aphids. Collection of predators was done by sweep net and visiting aphid colonies. The flower fly Sphaerophoria scripta , lacewing Chrysoperla carnea, and five species of lady beetles including: Coccinella septempunctata, C. undecimpunctata، ،Hippodamia variegata، Scymnus cf. frontalis and Propylea quatuordecimpunctat were collected from greenbug, Schizaphis graminum and maize leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis colonies. Synchronization and positive correlation of greenbug and flower fly populations was observed due to host specificity of Sphaerophoria scripta . Among lady beetles, Scymnus cf. frontalis was the most frequent and important species due to oviposition on broom corn and it’s population showed positive significant correlation with that of maize leaf aphid. However adult lacewing Chrysoperla carnea is a carbohydrate feeder and did not lay any egg on the field, and so it had not any role in controling aphid populations of broom corn. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
308 - Investigation on the genetic structure of Gnomonia leptostyla populations by PCR-RFLP in Azarbayejan-e-Sharqi, Iran
Siyamak Salahi Mohammad Javan Nikkhah Soleiman Jamshidi Gnomonia leptostyla (Fr.) Ces. et de Not., the teleomorph of Marssonina juglandis (Lib.) Magn., is the causal agent of the walnut anthracnose, a wide spread disease in almost all the walnut growing areas and causes severe damages particularly in the n More Gnomonia leptostyla (Fr.) Ces. et de Not., the teleomorph of Marssonina juglandis (Lib.) Magn., is the causal agent of the walnut anthracnose, a wide spread disease in almost all the walnut growing areas and causes severe damages particularly in the north of iran such as Kermanshah, Azarbayejan, Khorasan and Karaj regions. Sampling was conducted from several areas of Azarbayejan-e-Sharqi province during 2005-2006. 60 Fungus isolates were isolated from samples and cultured as streaked single spore on OMA. Molecular techniques based on PCR-RFLP applied to investigate the genetic variability of G. leptostyla.Total DNA was isolated from mycelial powder by rapid mini-preparation method. A region of 60 isolates coding for the small-subunit ribosomal RNA (SrDNA-18s) and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) were amplified and analyzed by restriction enzyme digestion. The results of PCR-RFLP showed no polymorphism either in length or in pattern among all the isolates tested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
309 - Faunistic survey and population fluctuations of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as predators of pests of rice fields in Mazandaran, Iran
Hassan Ghahari mehrdad Tabari abolfazl Rashidi hamireza MohebbiAnts (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) are one of the important predators in different agroecosystems. Considering the importance of ants in predating and feeding at different life stages of pests, fauna and population fluctuation of these beneficial insects were studied in ric MoreAnts (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) are one of the important predators in different agroecosystems. Considering the importance of ants in predating and feeding at different life stages of pests, fauna and population fluctuation of these beneficial insects were studied in rice fields of Mazandaran province. Of the faunistic survey, totally 15 species of ants were collected and identified from the paddy fields in Mazandaran province. The results of population fluctuations on the stubbles of three varieties including, Fajr, Khazar and Nemat indicated that the ants' population density was higher on Fajr than the two other varieties, and there was not a significant difference between Khazar and Nemat. Samplings from 11 September to 15 November 2005 indicated that the population density increased until last October and then decreased gradually; the highest density was obtained in 30 October. The means comparison revealed the significant reciprocal effect of "sampling date × rice variety" on population density of ants "P<0.01". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
310 - Effect of comb wax age on brood performance or population of honey bee, Apis melifera
Abolfazl Asadi Dizaji naser Maheri Sis ahad Shaddel Tili abolfazl Aghajanzadeh GolshaniUsing long lasting combs have deleterious effects on honey bee larval development due to pathogenic contamination and toxins. In this research, old combs with unknown age and dark colour and new maked ones were obtained and bee reproduction and population we MoreUsing long lasting combs have deleterious effects on honey bee larval development due to pathogenic contamination and toxins. In this research, old combs with unknown age and dark colour and new maked ones were obtained and bee reproduction and population were compared in old and new bee waxes. Old combs were placed in strong bee colonies to clean them of debris. Brood performance and population of honey bee were then measured for each colony on days 14 and 21 at reproduction season. Results revealed that queen reproduction and body weight of young adults were significantly higher in new combs (p<%1). Accumulated debris and numerous contaminants caused smaller mean cell diameters in older combs and resulted in decreased weight of young adults. Also, thoset had deleterious effects on bee health. Bees reared in new combs weighted about 8.3% more those reared in old ones. Results showed the effectiveness of new combs on brood performance and honey production. Thus, elimination of very old brood combs by bee keepers were recommended. Manuscript profile
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