The Effects of Various Essential Oils of Medical Plant Seeds and Spices on Digestion Characteristics and Population Changes of Ruminal Anaerobic Fungi in in vitro Condition
Subject Areas : Camelم. سجادیان 1 , م. دانش مسگران 2 , ع.ر. وکیلی 3
1 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 - گروه علوم دامی-دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد-مشهد-ایران
3 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
Keywords: اسانس, یونجه خشک, جمعیت قارچی, realtime-PCR,
Abstract :
AOAC. (1990). Official Methods of Analysis. Vol. I. 15th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA.
Arroquy J.I., Cocran R.C., Nagarja T.G., Titgemeyer E.C. and Johnson D.E. (2005). Effect of type non-fiber carbohydrate on in vitro forage fiber digestion of low-quality grass hay. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 120, 93-106.
Bakkali F., Averbeck S., Averbeck D. and Idaomar M. (2008). Biological effects of essential oils: a review. Food Chem. Toxicol. 46, 446-475.
Balandrin M.F. and Klocke J.A. (1985). Natural plant chemicals: sources of industrial and medicinal materials. Science. 228, 1154-1160.
Benchaar C., Calsamiglia S., Chaves A.V., Fraser G.R., Colombatto D., McAllister T.A. and Beauchemin K.A. (2008). A review of plant-derived essential oils in ruminant nutrition and production. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 145, 209-228.
Benchaar C., Petit H.V., Berthiaume R., Ouellet D.R., Chiquette J. and Chouinard P.Y. (2007). Effects of essential oils on digestion, ruminal fermentation, rumen microbial populations, milk production, and milk composition in dairy cows fed alfalfa silage or corn silage. J. Dairy Sci. 90, 886-897.
Bonhomme A. (1990). Rumen ciliates: their metabolism and relationships with bacteria and their hosts. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech-nol. 30, 203-216.
Busquet M., Calsamiglia S., Ferret A., Cardozo P.W. and Kamel C. (2005). Effects of cinnamaldehyde and garlic oil on rumen microbial fermentation in a dual flow continuous culture. J. Dairy Sci. 88, 2508-2516.
Busquet M., Calsamiglia S., Ferret A. and Kamel C. (2006). Plant extracts affect in vitro rumen microbial fermentation. J. Dairy Sci. 89, 761-771.
Calsamiglia S., Castillejos L. and Busquet M. (2006). Alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters in cattle. Pp. 129-167 in Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition. P.C. Garnsworthy and J. Wiseman, Eds. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, UK.
Cardozo P.W., Calsamiglia S., Ferret A. and Kamel C. (2004). Effects of natural plant extracts on protein degradation and fermentation profiles in continuous culture. J. Anim. Sci. 82, 3230-3236.
Cardozo P.W., Calsamiglia S., Ferret A. and Kamel C. (2005). Screening for the effects of natural plant extracts at different pH on in vitro rumen microbial fermentation of a high-concentrate diet for beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 83, 2572-2579.
Cox S.D., Mann C.M. and Markam J.L. (2001). Interaction between components of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia. J. Appl. Microbiol. 91, 492-497.
Dorman H.J.D. and Deans S.G. (2000). Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. J. Appl. Microbiol. 88, 308-316.
European Commission. (2003). Regulation (EC) No. 1831/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2003 on Additives for Use in Animal Nutrition. Off. J. Eur. Union L L268/29.
Feldberg R.S., Chang S.C., Kotik A.N., Nadler M., Neuwirth Z., Sundstrom D.C. and Thompson N.H. (1988). In vitro mechanism of inhibition of bacterial cell growth by allicin. Antimicrob. Agents Chem. 32, 1763-1768.
Ferme D., Banjac M., Calsamiglia S., Busquet M., Kamel C. and Avgustin G. (2004). The effects of plant extracts on microbial community structure in a rumen-simulating continuous-culture system as revealed by molecular profiling. Folia Microbiol. 49, 151-155.
Fernandez M., Serrano E., Frutos P., Gir´aldez F.J., Mantec´on A.R. and Llach J.R. (1997). Efecto del aditivo Crina HC sobre la actividad degradativa ruminal en la especie ovina. Inf. Tech. Econ. Agraria. 18, 160-162.
Firkins J.L., Yu Z. and Morrison M. (2007). Ruminal nitrogen metabolism: perspectives for integration of microbiology and nutrition for dairy. J. Dairy Sci. 90, 1-16.
Fraser G.R., Chaves A.V., Wang Y., McAllister T.A., Beauchemin K.A. and Benchaar C. (2007). Assessment of the effects of cinnamon leaf oil on rumen microbial fermentation using two continuous culture systems. J. Dairy Sci. 90, 2315-2328.
Greathead H. (2003). Plants and plant extracts for improving animal productivity. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 62, 279-290.
Guenther E. (1948). The Essential Oils. Publisher D. Van Nostrand Company Inc., New York.
Helander I.M., Alakomi H.L., Latva-Kala K., Mattila-Sandholm T., Pol L., Smid E.J., Gorris L.G.M. and von Wright A. (1998). Characterization of the action of selected essential oil components on gram negative bacteria. J. Agric. Food Chem. 46, 3590-3595.
Hodjatpanah-Montazeri A., Danesh-Mesgaran M., Vakili A.R. and Tahmasebi A.M. (2015). Effect of essential oils of various plants as microbial modifier to alter corn silage fermentation and in vitro methane production. Iranian J. Appl. Anim. Sci. 6(2), 269-276.
Jahani-Azizabadi H., Danesh-Mesgaran M., Vakili A.R. and Heravi-Moussavi A.R. (2009). Screening the activity of medicinal plants or spices on in vitro ruminal methane production. J. Dairy Sci. 92, 277-278.
Jahani-Azizabadi H., Danesh-Mesgaran M., Vakili A.R., Rezayazdi K. and Hashemi M. (2011). Effect of various semi-arid native medicinal plant essential oils on rumen fermentation characteristics of a high forage diet using in vitro batch culture. African J. Microbiol. Res. 27, 4812-4819.
Jahani-Azizabadi H., Danesh-Mesgaran M., Vakili A.R. and Rezayazdi K. (2014). Effect of some plant essential oils on in vitro ruminal methane production and on fermentation characteristics of a mid-forage diet. J. Agric. Sci. Technol. 16, 1543-1554.
Khorrami B., Vakili A.R., Mesgaran M.D. and Klevenhusen F. (2015). Thyme and cinnamon essential oils: potential alterna-tives for monensin as a rumen modifier in beef production systems. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 200, 8-16.
Kilic U., Boga M., Gorgulu M. and Şahan Z. (2011). The effects of different compounds in some essential oils on in vitro gas production. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 20, 626-636.
Kongmun P., Wanapat M., Pakdee P. and Navanukraw C. (2010). Effect of coconut oil and garlic powder on in vitro fermentation using gas production technique. Livest. Sci. 127, 38-44.
Lin B., Lu Y., Salem A.Z.M., Wang J.H., Lianga Q. and Liu J.X. (2013). Effects of essential oil combinations on sheep ruminal fermentation and digestibility of a diet with fumarate included. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 184, 24-32.
Lorenz M.M., Karlsson L., Hetta M. and Uden P. (2011). Recycling of microbial N and estimation of protein degradation by in vitro gas production. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 170, 111-116.
Macheboeuf D., Morgavi D.P., Papon Y., Mousset J.L. and Arturo-Schaan M. (2008). Dose response effects of essential oils on in vitro fermentation activity of the rumen microbial population. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 145, 335-350.
Maeda H., Fujimoto C., Haruki Y., Maeda T., Kokeguchi S., Petelin M., Arai H. and Tanimoto I. (2003). Quantitative real-time PCR using TaqMan and SYBR green for Actinobacillus actin Omycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, tetQ gene and total bacteria. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 39, 81-86.
McIntosh F.M., Williams P., Losa R., Wallace R.J., Beever D.A. and Newbold C.J. (2003). Effects of essential oils on ruminal microorganisms and their protein metabolism. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69, 5011-5014.
Menke K.H. and Steingass H. (1988). Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Anim. Res. Dev. 28, 7-55.
Nanon A., Suksombat W. and Yang W.Z. (2014). Effects of essential oils supplementation on in vitro and in situ feed diges-tion in beef cattle. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 196, 50-59.
Newbold C.J., McIntosh F.M., Williams P., Losa R. and Wallace R.J. (2004). Effects of a specific blend of essential oil com-pounds on rumen fermentation. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 114, 105-112.
Oussalah M., Caillet S., Saucier L. and Lacroix M. (2006). Antimicrobial effects of selected plant essential oils on the growth of a Pseudomonas putida strain isolated from meat. Meat Sci. 73, 236-244.
Pai S.T. and Platt M.W. (2008). Antifungal effects of Allium sativum (garlic) extract against the Aspergillus species involved in otomycosis. Appl. Microbiol. Lett. 20, 14-18.
Patra A.K. and Yu Z. (2014). Effects of vanillin, quillaja saponin, and essential oils on in vitro fermentation and protein-degrading microorganisms of the rumen. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 98, 897-905.
Reichling J., Schnitzler P., Suschke U. and Saller R. (2009). Essential oils of aromatic plants with antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and cytotoxic properties: an overview. Forsch. Kom-plementmed. 16(2), 79-90.
SAS Institute. (1999). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 8.2. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Taghavi-Nezhad M., Alipour D., Flythe M.D., Zamani P. and Khodakaramian G. (2014). The effect of essential oils of Zataria multiflora and Mentha spicata on the in vitro rumen fermentation, and growth and deaminative activity of amino acid-fermenting bacteria isolated from Mehraban sheep. J. Anim. Prod. Sci. 54(3), 299-307.
Tajodini M., Moghbeli P., Saeedi H.R. and Effati M. (2014). The effect of medicinal plants as a feed additive in ruminant nutrition. Iranian J. Appl. Anim. Sci. 4(4), 681-686.
Talebzadeh R. and Alipour D. (2013). The effect of ajowan (Ca-rum copticum) essential oils on eukaryotic ruminal microor-ganisms of Mehraban sheep. Iranian J. Microbiol. 4, 418-421.
Tamminga S. (1996). A review on environmental impacts of nutritional strategies in ruminants. J. Anim. Sci. 74, 3112-3124.
Ultee A., Kets E.P. and Smid E.J. (1999). Mechanisms of action of carvacrol on the food-borne pathogen Bacillus cereus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65, 4606-4610.
Van Nevel C.J. and Demeyer D.I. (1988). Manipulation of rumen fermentation. Pp. 387-443 in The Rumen Microbial Ecosyst-m. P.N. Hobson, Ed. Elsevier Applied Science, New York.
Van Soest P.J. (1982). Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. Comstock, Cornell Univ. Press, New York, NY.
Van Soest P.J., Robertson J.B. and Lewis B.A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and nonstarch poly-saccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74, 3583-3597.
Wallace R.J., McEwan N.R., Mclntosh F.M., Teferedegne B. and Newbold C.J. (2002). Natural products as manipulators of rumen fermentation. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 15, 1458-1468.
Wendakoon C.N. and Sakaguchi M. (1995). Inhibition of amino acid decarboxylaseactivity of Enterobacter aerogenes by active components in spices. J. Food Prot. 58, 280-283.
Yang W.Z., Benchaar C., Ametaj B.N., Chaves A.V., He M.L. and McAllister T.A. (2007). Effects of garlic and juniper berry essential oils on ruminal fermentation and on the site and extent of digestion in lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 90, 5671-5681.
Zhang C., Guo Y., Yuan Z., Wu Y., Wang J., Liu J. and Zhu W. (2008). Effect of octadeca carbon fatty acids on microbial fermentation, methanogenesis and microbial flora in vitro. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 146, 259-269.