Resilience assessment of Sadra urban water distribution network based on urban crisis planning and management under earthquake

Subject Areas :

Alireza Nariman ¹ (Ph. D. Candidate, Civil Engineering Department, Tehran Central Branch, Islamic Azad University,Tehran,Iran.)
mohammad hadi fattahi ² (Assistant professor, Civil Engineering Department, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran.)
Naser Talebbeydokhti ³ (Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Head of Environmental Research and Sustainable Development Center of Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.)
Mohammad sadegh Sadeghian ⁴ (Assistant professor, Civil Engineering Department, Tehran Central Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.)

Received: 2021-06-21 Accepted : 2021-08-25 Published : 2023-04-21

Keywords: urban planning, Resilience, Water distribution network, population impact,

Abstract :

Cities are considered flexible but complex systems. Increasing the level of resilience of the urban environment to the stresses caused by the crisis and also minimizing the time of rehabilitation are among the most important factors that should be considered in urban planning and management. The amount of hydraulic resilience of Sadra city water network against earthquakes with different intensities and locations and considering the physical characteristics of the network and the complete characteristics of pipes, both geometric and hydraulic, have been studied. The population index affected by the decrease in the efficiency of the urban water supply network caused by the earthquake has been studied and compared as an important criterion for different scenarios. The results of this study are 5 objectives of identifying critical pipelines, determining the resilience of Sadra water network, determining critical areas based on failure criteria, determining the population affected by pipeline failure and examining different urban areas in terms of water leakage. For this purpose, 18 scenarios with changes in earthquake intensity, earthquake center and two repair strategies with a decrease in the expected consumer demand were examined. The results showed that in earthquakes with less intensity, the northern region has the highest amount of damaged pipes, while with increasing earthquake intensity, the city center is more vulnerable. Likewise, results regarding the Todini index depicted that North is the most vulnerable region and the south is the most resilient region against earthquakes. In addition, the study of leakage diagrams from the pipeline network also confirmed that the highest rate of leakage occurs in the north of the city, as a result of which the most affected population due to earthquake damage to the water supply network is concentrated in the North. Studying the PI index showed that North, with a population of nearly 74,000, is the most vulnerable area. Finally, the time of system return to normal was determined, which shows a positive correlation between earthquake intensity and system recovery time in all three areas.

References:

Asadi azizabadi, M. , ziari, K. , Vatankhahi, M. Explaining resilience Strategies for urban worn out texture (Case Study: urban worn out texture of Karaj).  , 2020; 10(39): 33-50

 

2. 2. Bałut A, Brodziak R, Bylka J, Zakrzewski P. Ranking approach to scheduling repairs of a water distribution system for the post-disaster response and restoration service. Water. 2019;11(8): 1591.

 

3. 3. Bruneau M, Chang SE, Eguchi RT, Lee GC, O'Rourke TD, Reinhorn AM, et al. A framework to quantitatively assess and enhance the seismic resilience of communities. Earthquake spectra. 2003;19(4): 733-52.


4. 4. Cimellaro G, Tinebra A, Renschler C, Fragiadakis M. New resilience index for urban water distribution networks. Journal of Structural Engineering. 2016;142(8): C4015014.

 

5. 5. Farahmandfar Z, Piratla KR, Andrus RD. Resilience evaluation of water supply networks against seismic hazards. Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice. 2017;8(1): 04016014.

 

6. 6. Gholami Bimaragh, Y. , heidary, R. , vahideh Berahman, V. , Abolfazl Dehghan Jazi, A. , osoli, H. Measurement, and Evaluation of Spatial Resilience of Earthquake Central Districts of Kashan.  , 2021; 12(44): 123-140.

 

7. 7. Holling CS. Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annual review of ecology and systematics. 1973;4(1): 1-23.

 

8. 8. Grossel S. Chemical process safety: fundamentals with applications, (2002)-By Daniel A. Crowl and Joseph F. Louvar, Prentice Hall PTR, Upper Saddle River, NJ, pp. 642, $94. 50. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries. 2002;6(15): 565-6.

 

9. 9. Hunter JD. Matplotlib: A 2D graphics environment. Computing in science & engineering. 2007;9(03): 90-5.

 

10. 10. Jabareen Y. Planning the resilient city: Concepts and strategies for coping with climate change and environmental risk. Cities. 2013;31: 220-9.

 

11. 11. Klein Richard J, Nicholls Robert J. Thomalla Frank (2003),“. Resilience to natural hazards: How useful is this concept. 35-45.

 

12. 12. Klise KA, Bynum M, Moriarty D, Murray R. A software framework for assessing the resilience of drinking water systems to disasters with an example earthquake case study. Environmental modelling & software. 2017;95: 420-31.

 

13. 13. Klise KA, Murray R, Walker LTN. Systems measures of water distribution system resilience. Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States), 2015.

 

14. 14. Kordabadi M, Najafi E. Evaluating earthquake risk using the AHP-FUZZY hybrid model in urban security(case study District one of Tehran. Journal Research and Urban Planning,6(20),2015,17-34

 

15. 15. Liu W, Song Z, Ouyang M, Li J. Recovery-based seismic resilience enhancement strategies of water distribution networks. Reliability Engineering & System Safety. 2020;203: 107088.

 

16. 16. Liu W, Song Z. Review of studies on the resilience of urban critical infrastructure networks. Reliability Engineering & System Safety. 2020;193: 106617.


17. 17. Maleki, S. , Razavii, S. , Ramazanpour Asadieh, K. Measurement and Evaluation of Resilience to Earthquake Urban Areas (Case Study: Western District of Izeh City).  2020;

 

18. 18. Parizadi, T. , shaikholeslami, A. , karimi razakani, A. (2019). 'Analysis of the state of urban resilience against natural hazards (Case Study: Baqer-shahr City)',10(37), pp. 41-54.


19. 19. Shi P, O’Rourke T. Seismic response modeling of water supply systems. Mceer-08-0016, 352. 2008


20. 20. Todini E. Looped water distribution networks design using a resilience index based heuristic approach. Urban water. 2000;2(2): 115-22.

 

21. Toprak S. Earthquake effects on buried lifeline systems: Cornell University; 1998.

 

22. 22. Uitto JI. Environmental hazards, climate change and disaster risk reduction: JK Mitchell’s relevance to the global sustainable development agenda. Journal of Extreme Events. 2016;3(02): 1671006.

 

23. 23. Zare N, Talebbeydokhti N. Policies and governance impact maps of floods on metropolitan Shiraz (the first step toward resilience modeling of the city). International journal of disaster risk reduction. 2018;28: 298-317.

 

24. 24. Zhao X, Chen Z, Gong H. Effects comparison of different resilience enhancing strategies for municipal water distribution network: A multidimensional approach. Mathematical Problems in Engineering. 2015;2015.