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Open Access Article
1 - the effect of shooting equipment and space on stress, mental health and satisfaction of professional athletes in Golestan province
Zahra Bazrafshan Asra AskariThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of shooting equipment and space on stress, mental health and satisfaction of professional athletes in Golestan province. The statistical population includes professional shooting athletes of Golestan province in 1400. MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of shooting equipment and space on stress, mental health and satisfaction of professional athletes in Golestan province. The statistical population includes professional shooting athletes of Golestan province in 1400. Sampling method Due to the limited statistical population, the number of statistical samples is equal to the statistical population. The sample size was 30 people. The research instruments were Keys Mental Health Standard Questionnaire (2008), Harry Stress Inventory Standard Questionnaire (2005, quoted by Adineh, 2015), Rehabilitation Satisfaction Standard Questionnaire (2013) and Siddiq Pourmand Sports Facilities and Equipment Standard Questionnaire (2015). Data analysis is used using descriptive statistics to estimate the central characteristics and adjust the tables of statistical frequency distribution and inferential statistics to test the hypotheses with the help of SPSS software. The results show the effect of shooting equipment and space on stress, mental health and satisfaction of professional athletes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Comparison of Factors Related to Aggression in Professional Taekwondo Players and Semi-professional Work and Sociological Analysis of their Religious Beliefs
Mojtaba Salemi Khozani Mohammad Ali Aslankhani Kaveh Khabiri Reza Behdari -
Open Access Article
3 - Presenting the model of the effectiveness of environmental and health teachings on the citizenship behavior of athletes in Semnan province
mohamad jalali seyed mostafa tayebisani lobat taghaviAbstract: In our country, where the young generation of athletes constitutes a high percentage of the population, environmental education can have a significant effect on strengthening environmental culture and achieving sustainable development goals. The purpose of the MoreAbstract: In our country, where the young generation of athletes constitutes a high percentage of the population, environmental education can have a significant effect on strengthening environmental culture and achieving sustainable development goals. The purpose of the present study is to provide a model of the effectiveness of environmental and health teachings on the citizenship behavior of athletes in Semnan province. This research is of applied type in terms of outputs and descriptive-analytical in terms of data review method. The statistical research community of athletes in Semnan Province is the pilot of the research. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, whose validity and reliability have been accepted. Structural equation modeling was used to design the model. The results showed that the teachings of environmental and health teachings on the citizenship behavior of athletes is effective and the model has sufficient and favorable fit. Therefore, despite the existence of awareness and a relatively appropriate attitude towards the environment, the majority of people have performed poorly in terms of environmental behavior. Therefore, having environmental awareness cannot be a guarantee for environmental behavior, but in the meantime, there is a need for conditions and social structure that encourage and facilitate environmental behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation on Body Composition, Leptin and Muscle Strength of Non-Athletic Men
Kh. Moonikh M. Kashef A. AzadIntroduction: The supplementation of Conjugated Linoleic Acid in animal studies has shown to increase the lean body mass and reduces the fat mass. Few studies have been investigating the effects of CLA supplementation in human. The aim of this study is to examine the ef MoreIntroduction: The supplementation of Conjugated Linoleic Acid in animal studies has shown to increase the lean body mass and reduces the fat mass. Few studies have been investigating the effects of CLA supplementation in human. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid supplementation on body composition, serum leptin and muscle strength in non-athletic men. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental, double-blind study, 24 non-athletic men were randomly assigned to two groups; the supplement (12) and placebo (n=12) groups. The supplement group took 3 gr CLA/d and the control group or placebo group received the same amount of nutrients as the supplement group but without the addition of CLA. Blood samples were taken before and after the intervention in order to determine the levels of leptin. Body fat mass, lean body mass percent and muscular strength were also measured before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 19 using independent and paired-samples T-test. Results: There were not significant differences in serum leptin levels between the groups examined. In addition, significant differences were not observed in muscle strength, fat and lean body mass percents. Conclusion: 6 weeks of supplementation with conjugated Linoleic Acid did not improve the body composition, serum leptin levels and muscle strength in non-athletic men. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Political Sociology of Sport: The impact of sports and professional athletes on political life
Mehdi Mohammadi aziz abadi Seyed samad BeheshtyThe purpose of the present study is to show how the impact of professional sport as a supporter of the ubiquitous political functions available to social forces affects the different levels of today's political life. In other words, what areas of world politics today ar MoreThe purpose of the present study is to show how the impact of professional sport as a supporter of the ubiquitous political functions available to social forces affects the different levels of today's political life. In other words, what areas of world politics today are most affected by sports and athletes. The research method is descriptive-analytical using library and internet resources. The hypothesis under study is that with the modernization of sport, this new phenomenon has influential political capabilities including identity politics, nationalism, reducing or increasing conflicts and gaps in society, controlling political and social affairs, propaganda tools, political participation, electoral incentives, Promote ideology and so on, And it plays many roles in some of the most important areas of community politics. The results of the article showed that sport is considered as a new and influential political-social tool on the political scene of societies and social forces have been able to gain considerable political empowerment with this phenomenon in the past. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The Effect of Media Consumption on the Athletic Performance with the Intervening Role of Quality of life among Table Tennis Athletes in the Province of Tehran
Alireza Zand Golamreza FarajiThe purpose of the present study is to review the effect of media consumption on the athletic performance with the intervening role of quality of life among table tennis athletes in the province of Tehran. This study is descriptive-correlational and was conducted throug MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review the effect of media consumption on the athletic performance with the intervening role of quality of life among table tennis athletes in the province of Tehran. This study is descriptive-correlational and was conducted through field research using questionnaires. The statistical population consisted of all table tennis athletes in the province of Tehran among whom 1500 members were active according to the obtained information from the province assembly. Based on Morgan table, 306 athletes were chosen as the sample of study. In this regard, three questionnaires including Media Consumption by Mahmoudian et al. (2015), World Health Organization Quality of Life (1999), and Athletic Performance by Qasemi (2012) were used. The reliability of the questionnaires was calculated to be 0.86%, 0.081%, and 0.91% respectively. Descriptive statistics was used for the classification of raw scores, design of frequency distribution table, and assessment of dispersion indices such as mean, standard deviation and frequency. Besides, the research hypothesis was tested using Path Analysis and SPSS. The results showed that media consumption is effective on the athletic performance of table tennis athletes with the intervening role of quality of life among table tennis athletes in the province of Tehran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - A Comparison between Resting Levels of Interleukin-6, Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha, and Some Portions in the Immune System of Athletes and Non-Athletes with Spinal Cord Injury
Reza Shafiee soork Mohammad MashahdiThe purpose of the present study is to compare resting levels of Interleukin-6, Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha, and some portions in the immune system of athletes and non-athletes with spinal cord injury. Convenience sampling was used in this study and accordingly 10 non-a MoreThe purpose of the present study is to compare resting levels of Interleukin-6, Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha, and some portions in the immune system of athletes and non-athletes with spinal cord injury. Convenience sampling was used in this study and accordingly 10 non-athletes and 10 athletes from different fields were chosen. For testing the immune system, the number of white blood cells (lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils), and for testing inflammatory indexes, resting levels of Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha in the blood serum sample were measured. For measurement of blood parameters, ELSA method and the special kit were used. Descriptive statistics was used for data explanation/description and inferential statistics was used to explore the research results. Independent t-test was applied for the comparison between the research variables related to two athletic and non-athletic groups. The results revealed that there is no significant difference between athletes and non-athletes in Interleukin-6 (p=0.859), Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (p=0.539), and the number of white blood cells (p=0.942). It seems that exercising is not considered as a threat for the immune system of those who have spinal cord injury although more research is needed to explore the effect of sport on the immune system of such patients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The Comparison of Physical Self-concept between Blind Female Athletes and Non-athletes
maryam lotfi مهدی سهرابی مهدی سهرابی فضل ا... باقرزادهThe aim of this research was to compare athlete and non-athlete blind girls' physical self-concept. The method of this study was causal-descriptive, and the statistical population consisted of a ll athletes and non- athlete blind girls who referred to the Blind Societ MoreThe aim of this research was to compare athlete and non-athlete blind girls' physical self-concept. The method of this study was causal-descriptive, and the statistical population consisted of a ll athletes and non- athlete blind girls who referred to the Blind Society of Tehran in 2012(1390s.c).From all blind athlete girls 45 completed the questionnaire and 63 non-athlete blind girls with mean age of 20 ± 6.54 were randomly selected. The research instrument was Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ) (Marsh et al., 1994). The r esults of analysis of variance by spss-18 indicated that there are significant differences between the athlete and non-athlete blind girls in the subscales of coordination (P < 0.007), health (P < 0.028), physical activity (P < 0.001), strength (P < 0.014), endurance (P < 0.022), sport competency (P < 0.001) and general self-concept (P < 0.001). In all components, except health and physical fat that have been recorded reversely, athlete group had a higher mean. According to the results, it can be concluded that sport and physical activity can increase physical self-concept of female blind population . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Comparison of personality characteristics and personality types of contact and non- contact sport majors
Shirin Khosravi Sayed Abbas HaghayeghThe aim of the present research was the comparison of characteristic and types of personality between the athletes of contact and non- contact sport majors. It was a type of scientific-comparative research and its statistical population consisted of the professional spo MoreThe aim of the present research was the comparison of characteristic and types of personality between the athletes of contact and non- contact sport majors. It was a type of scientific-comparative research and its statistical population consisted of the professional sport activities in 2015. The forenamed samples consisted of 120 persons, including 2 groups 60 member’s athletes of contact and non- contact sport majors, which were opted by the way of accessible sampling technique the research instruments were Big Five Personality Factor Inventory (NEO-PI-R) (Costa & McCrae, 1985), and A/B Personality Type Questionnaire (Friedman & Roseman, 1963), which were completed by the participants. Data was analyzed using independent t-test, and analysis of covariance in SPSS23. The results implied that in personality types of Big Five Personality Factor Inventory (there are a significant difference between the contact/non-contact group’s depressions.) The scores of the contact sport player in depression variable is more than the scores of the non-contact sport player (p=0/020). Furthermore, according to this results there is a significant difference between the contact/ non- contact groups personality types (P=0/039). In personality types the non- contact sport major player’s score is more than the contact sport major players. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Meta-analysis of researches on relationship between coaches’ democratic leadership style with athletes’ satisfaction
Ali Zamani Nokaabadi mehrdad AfkhamiObjective: Coach leadership style can be defined as the process of influencing the individual and group trying to achieve goals. Democratic styles are behaviors that allow the athlete to participate in group decisions. The authoritarian style, on the other hand, involve MoreObjective: Coach leadership style can be defined as the process of influencing the individual and group trying to achieve goals. Democratic styles are behaviors that allow the athlete to participate in group decisions. The authoritarian style, on the other hand, involves the coach making independent decisions based on his personal authority. Athlete satisfaction is considered as a consequence or achievement of the coach's work in leadership research. The present study aims to quantitatively combine the results of research conducted in this field in the country.Methodology: The statistical population of the present study includes all articles on the relationship between democratic leadership style and athlete satisfaction and in order to collect the data needed for meta-analysis, a coding form was used. Using meta-analysis method and comprehensive meta-analysis software (CMA2), 7 articles were selected and reviewed. This study was performed using the effect size calculation technique. In this way, the statistical tests used in the hypotheses were analyzed after becoming the effect size. The statistical population of the present study included all articles on the relationship between democratic leadership style and athlete satisfaction. In this meta-analysis, the results of researches that have met the necessary conditions in terms of methodology have been studied. That is, articles and criteria within the treasure have been used. These criteria in the research are: 1 research has been done in Iran. 2 In the relevant research, leadership style and athletes' satisfaction have been used as an independent or dependent variable. 3 The research must have provided the necessary information for the practical extraction of the effect size (relationship strength). Therefore, the number of researches selected for meta-analysis is seven.Results: The results of meta-analysis showed that in all studies, democratic leadership style and satisfaction were effective, which software output with an average effect size of 0.25 confirms this issue and this amount of effect size is less than average. The funnel diagram also showed that there is a publication bias in the studies, which indicates that some studies have not been published or researchers do not have access to some articles or study results. The relationship between democratic leadership style and athlete satisfaction is below average. About 25% of the calculated effects are in the lower middle class (with an average effect size of 0.25).Conclusion: The findings of this meta-analysis showed that democratic leadership style and athlete satisfaction have an effect with an average effect size of 0.25. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - A Comparative Study of Civil Liability for Sporting Accidents (Based on Fault) between Iranian and Common Law
Meghdad Mahmoodi Alami Vahid Shojaei Mohammad Hami Mohammad SanaeiIn private law, it is very important to define the basis of civil liability. As Stark puts it, it is no exaggeration to say that civil liability is the most important thing in private law. In civil liability, it is said that no one should harm another and no harm should MoreIn private law, it is very important to define the basis of civil liability. As Stark puts it, it is no exaggeration to say that civil liability is the most important thing in private law. In civil liability, it is said that no one should harm another and no harm should be left without compensation. The rules of civil liability are so flexible in some cases that they pass by some damages without compensation. In other words, some activities, the most prominent of which are sports activities, on the one hand, cause harms, and on the other hand, have found so much social, spiritual and material value that they force the rules of responsibility to comply with their rights. Civil liability, which demands compensation for all damages, should give up its slogan.Injured consent was initially considered a complete defense in the Commonwealth. Violence and injury are unintended consequences of the increasing spread of sport. An important part of the losses and injuries are related to sports operations (games and sports competitions). This research seeks to examine the responsibility of athletes in sporting events and to determine the circumstances in which a person is held responsible. The role of fault in sports accidents in Iranian and common law is also examined. In common Law when a person does the job carelessly and the result is harm to another according to the law, the offender is responsible for any damage she has caused. Determining the basis of liability and the athlete responsible for injury in sports accidents is an important issue in civil liability. In fact, civil liability seeks to restore the right to the victim and leave no harm without compensation. To identify the person responsible for sports accidents, one must refer to two important features of sports activities, namely, the doctrine of inherent dangers and the doctrine of risk acceptance. The principle of inherent risk and acceptance of risk is also accepted in our law and the ability to cite is considered a criterion of responsibility, but this criterion does not negate the principle of fault and fault is at the heart of this concept of citation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The Role of tendency toward spirituality and moral ideology among Athletes
Hamid Reza Sadeghi Rasool Nazari Ghasem Rahimi seroshbaderaniObjectiveGiven the importance of issues such as spirituality in the sports community, this study is trying to analyze the impact of moral ideology on tendency toward spirituality among the province's athletes Premier League. MethodologyThe present research purpose and c MoreObjectiveGiven the importance of issues such as spirituality in the sports community, this study is trying to analyze the impact of moral ideology on tendency toward spirituality among the province's athletes Premier League. MethodologyThe present research purpose and cross - is a correlation. The populations in this study are all league players in Isfahan province. Number of athletes has been estimated as 400 people. 196 Cochran based on sampling as a statistical sample were randomly selected. Instruments included religiosity questionnaire Karami and Shaeeri (2008), classification questionnaire moral ideology by Forsyth (1990) consists of idealism and moral relativism law to verify the idealism and moral laws of relativity was used. Face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts in sports management. Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability in a preliminary study on the amount of (0.88 and 0.93) was calculated. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Data analysis was SPSS version 22. ResultsThe findings showed that the value of 0.505 is the result of moral ideology can justify fifty percent of the athlete's approaches to spirituality. According to the results on the influence of moral ideology on tendency toward spirituality among league players Isfahan, Recommended organizations, to strengthen the moral ideologies and approaches to spirituality to strengthen ethics in athletes have effort.ConclusionAccording to the results of research on the effect of moral ideologies on the tendency to spirituality among athletes, it is suggested that the responsible organizations try to strengthen moral ideologies and morality in the tendency to spirituality among athletes, while institutionalizing idealism in athletes. Sports managers should hold spiritual psychology workshops and in order to institutionalize the rule of law in athletes, encourage coaches and athlete managers to respect the rule of law. In general, it can be acknowledged that there is a direct and strong relationship between moral ideologies and the tendency towards spirituality among athletes, so athletes need a moral teacher as much as they need to learn sports science and technology; because the art of heroism requires a complete course of mental and physical construction to achieve success and continuity. If sports can adapt to these lines, then the athlete can be induced to find a healthy life with good morals along with sports, so the need to pay attention to moral training for sports coaches and also to develop courses called applied ethics. In sports, it seemed necessary, so it seems that the more dynamic and idealistic athletes are, the deeper and more institutionalized the level of meaning in them, leading to the creation of a strong person for society in order to become a role model for adolescents and The youth will become a community. The need to pay attention to moral teachings for players in sports seemed necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Relationship between leadership reactions to athletes 'off-field behavior and fans' team identity based on social identity theory and balance
Elham MoshkelgoshaObjective: The present study aim was to investigate the relationship between the leader reactions to the Off-Field Behavior of Athletes with team identity of Sepahan and Zob Ahan fans in 1393.Methodology: This study is a quasi-experimental survey was conducted in two st MoreObjective: The present study aim was to investigate the relationship between the leader reactions to the Off-Field Behavior of Athletes with team identity of Sepahan and Zob Ahan fans in 1393.Methodology: This study is a quasi-experimental survey was conducted in two stages. The sample for all fans of football teams Sepahan and Zob Ahan formed in 1399. Samples are available for sampling and sample size due to the limitations of quasi-experimental study was 82. In the pretest participants and measure their team identity and the identity of the two teams were divided up and down team identity. Then each of these groups were divided into two groups randomly. Two weeks later, participants with either a newspaper story that involves the reaction of strong leadership and weak leadership faced reactions manipulation.Results: The result showed that the team identity among different categories (F= 0.58, P<0.05). Tukey test results showed that the reaction of the fans, who led the team up strong and weak leadership there, but the reaction of the fans, who led the team down the strong and weak make no difference.Conclusion: From the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the decisive attitude of managers to inappropriate behaviors off the field of athletes helps maintain the team identity of fans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - A Review of Professional Ethics Studies from the Perspective of Sports Sociology
Mehdi Salimi Mahboubeh KhodaparastObjective: Today, sports and its various dimensions are considered as an important topic in various circles and as an efficient tool and a unique phenomenon in order to create a dynamic and lively society and solve many social, cultural and even economic and political c MoreObjective: Today, sports and its various dimensions are considered as an important topic in various circles and as an efficient tool and a unique phenomenon in order to create a dynamic and lively society and solve many social, cultural and even economic and political crises. It has shown its many uses; However, this global phenomenon today faces a serious challenge that cannot be easily overcome, and this challenge is the weakening of the category of ethics and especially professional ethics in all aspects of the great sports community, including athletes, coaches, judges, and spectators. , mass media and managers and employees of sports organizations, which is the concern of many researchers and accounts for a significant part of the research done in the country's publications; Based on this, the current research aims to have a comprehensive review of the most important researches conducted in the field of professional ethics in sports, which have been published in the form of articles in the country's publications. Thus, the aim of the current research is to review the studies of professional ethics from the sociological perspective of sports.methodology: The current research is of a descriptive and review type and examined the articles with the keyword "professional ethics" along with other keywords related to the field of sports such as "football", "sports organizations", "sports", " "Players and Coaches" and "Physical-Training" in their titles and were published in the country's publications database, humanities portal, Noor specialized magazines database and academic Jihad database. In order to increase validity, this process was done separately by two researchers, and then by discussing and exchanging opinions, existing differences were resolved and the final classification was prepared; In this way, the final review was done on more than 70 articles.Results: According to the subject of the articles and based on content logic, the collection of articles identified in three main categories: 1) professional ethics in relation to physical education professors and teachers, 2) professional ethics in relation to sports organizations and 3) professional ethics In relation to athletes and coaches, it was divided, and in order to better understand the research fields, we tried to break each category into smaller categories as much as possible. Accordingly, for each category, three sub-categories were considered, which are: First category: 1. Investigating the components, models and methods of institutionalizing professional ethics among physical education professors and teachers; 2. Examining the role of professional ethics of physical education professors and teachers on their personal and professional characteristics or vice versa and 3. Examining the effect of professional ethics of physical education professors and teachers on the personal and academic characteristics of students. The second category: 1. Presentation and review of professional ethics development models in sports organizations; 2. Examining the obstacles to the creation or development of professional ethics in sports organizations and 3. Examining the issue of professional ethics in relation to managers and employees of sports organizations, and the third category: 1. Obstacles to the development of professional ethics in players and coaches; 2. Designing and presenting professional ethics development models among athletes and coaches and 3. Studying the professional ethics of athletes and coaches in relation to other personal and professional components.Conclusion: According to the findings of the research, it can be concluded that due to the relative youth of the literature of professional ethics in sports in comparison with many other sports subjects and areas where the subject of professional ethics has been studied, there is room for defining More research topics are available to deepen previous findings or to understand new dimensions of professional ethics in sports; It also seems that what the field of professional ethics in sports needs in order to grow and improve itself is to move towards conducting research with different, newer and more efficient research methods, in accordance with the level of development of concepts and paying more attention to parts have been less researched so far. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Investigating the situation and analyzing the dimensions of superstitions of football and futsal athletes in Kerman
Elham Sadat Hosseini Moghadam Hossein Poursoltani Zarandi Reza ShajiObjective: Despite the advances in science and technology and the dominance of knowledge over human society, superstitious beliefs and behaviors still operate in different societies. Sport is one of the areas that is no exception. The tendency to superstition is a defen MoreObjective: Despite the advances in science and technology and the dominance of knowledge over human society, superstitious beliefs and behaviors still operate in different societies. Sport is one of the areas that is no exception. The tendency to superstition is a defense mechanism that arises as a result of not believing in one's abilities, the tendency to control and certainty in the future. The purpose of this study is to analyze the dimensions of superstitions in football and futsal athletes in Kerman.Methodology: The research method in terms of type and data analysis is quantitative and field survey. The statistical population of the study consists of 200 football and futsal players in Kerman, which were selected by the stratified sampling method.Results: The results of this study show that among the various dimensions of superstitious behaviors, the individual, psychological, belief and environmental dimensions have the greatest impact on creating belief and, consequently, superstitious behaviors among the athletes of Kerman.Conclusion: The dimensions of superstition are affected by different degrees of influence on athletes which are due to individual differences between research samples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The role of passion, satisfaction of needs and conflict in the perception of burnout in athletes
Reza NikbakhshObjective: The general purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of passion, satisfaction of needs and conflict in the perception of burnout in athletes.Methodology: The current research was a descriptive correlational research based on structural equatio MoreObjective: The general purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of passion, satisfaction of needs and conflict in the perception of burnout in athletes.Methodology: The current research was a descriptive correlational research based on structural equation modeling, and the data was collected in the survey and through a questionnaire. The statistical population of this research was made up of all volleyball players aged 13 to 17 in Tehran, whose number was 295. In this research, the questionnaires of passion (Wallerand et al. 2003), satisfaction of needs in sports (Lopez et al. 2020), conflict (Wallerand et al. 2010), athlete burnout (Raedeke and Smith, 2001) were used.Results: The results showed that adaptive passion has a significant negative effect on conflict in athletes. While harmonious passion has a significant positive effect on the satisfaction of needs in athletes. Also, obsessive passion has a significant positive effect on conflict in athletes. While extreme passion has a significant negative effect on the satisfaction of needs in athletes. In addition, contrast has a significant positive effect on attrition in athletes. Satisfaction of needs has a significant negative effect on burnout in athletes.Conclusion: Basic psychological needs should be considered as the necessary energy to help actively engage with the environment, develop skills and healthy growth. Because when players receive more positive energy from attending training and matches and have a desire for more active interactions in training and match environments, in this case, their burnout rate will decrease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Explain the pattern of reduction in the emigration of elite athletes based on the acceptance of policies
Ali Zivari Mozhgan Khodamoradpoor Mozafar Yektayar Taibeh ZargarObjective: The role and influence of policies on public opinion in any country is undeniable. The acceptance and acceptability of sports policies by the people can be one of the potential research fields and provides an effort to understand the public attitude towards s MoreObjective: The role and influence of policies on public opinion in any country is undeniable. The acceptance and acceptability of sports policies by the people can be one of the potential research fields and provides an effort to understand the public attitude towards sports policies. A high level of public support for sporting success is required as one of the resources required for the successful development of an elite sport system. This research was conducted with the aim of explaining the pattern of reducing the migration of elite athletes based on the acceptance of policies.Methodology: The method of this research was mixed (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population in the qualitative section was elite sports experts who were selected purposefully and 12 experts were interviewed based on the theoretical saturation index. In the quantitative part, the statistical population included elite athletes, 407 of whom were selected as samples. The research tools were interviews and questionnaires. Data analysis was done using structural equations and PLS software.Results: The results of the research showed that the main factors affecting the reduction of migration of elite athletes based on the acceptance of policies, including building trust (with concepts such as the development of elite sports infrastructure, supporting the growth and development of athletes), facilitating conditions (with concepts such as innovation in acquisition of general knowledge and talent management), limitations (with concepts such as political culture, meritocracy and systemic communication network), contextual policies (with concepts such as research and efficiency of the financial system), quality improvement (empowerment and motivation), understanding success (with concepts such as personal and social interests) is the acceptance of policies (with concepts such as usefulness of acceptance, acceptance of support and ease of use) which were categorized in the form of causal factors, contextual factors, limitations, intervening factors, strategies and consequences. Also, the results of the quantitative section showed that all paths have a positive and significant path coefficient.Conclusion: Understanding and accepting the policies of the elites, which will reduce the migration of the elites, requires a strategic approach. This approach includes supporting the growth and development of athletes with the benefit of advanced technologies, supporting veterans, recognizing the patterns governing the public opinion of society and adopting policies aligned with organizational goals in sports organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The relationships between Galectin-3 levels with cardiac structure and function in well- trained endurance athletes
Ibrahim Radmehr -
Open Access Article
19 - Changes of insulin-like growth factor-1 and cortisol levels following the Wingate anaerobic test among female athletes and non-athletes
Sara Momeni Eskandar Rahimi Sarah Hojjati -
Open Access Article
20 - Effect of 8 weeks moderate intensity aerobic exercise on brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in female athletes
Roya Zare Mehrjardi -
Open Access Article
21 - Effects of exercise intensity on RBP4 levels in female athletes
Narges Ahmadi -
Open Access Article
22 - The Effect of 12-weeks Selected Physical Exercise Alone or Combined with Omega-3 Supplement on Ghrelin and Leptin Levels in Young Non-Athlete Women
Eskandar Rahimi Somayeh Saffari Sarah Hojjati Salman Vojdani Mehdi Noura -
Open Access Article
23 - The relationships between BNP levels with cardiac structure and function in resistance-trained athletes
Roya Karim Zadeh -
Open Access Article
24 - The relationships between galectin-3 levels with cardiac structure and function in resistance-trained athletes
Ebrahim Radmehr -
Open Access Article
25 - Comparison of Hardiness Personality Trait in Athlete, Non-Athlete Disabled and Healthy Athlete Women
سمانه Rezaee Farahabadi Gh. R. Manshaei مونا SarsharThe purpose of this study was to compare the hardiness personality trait and its three components (commitment, control and challenge) in disabled athlete, disabled non-athlete and healthy athlete women. The research compared a sample included 25 women who were the membe MoreThe purpose of this study was to compare the hardiness personality trait and its three components (commitment, control and challenge) in disabled athlete, disabled non-athlete and healthy athlete women. The research compared a sample included 25 women who were the members of disabled national team with 25 disabled non-athlete and 25 healthy athlete women with respect to Kobasa Hardiness Inventory. According to demographic data, 25 disabled non-athletes and 25 healthy athletes were matched with 25 disabled athlete women. The results of one-way ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference between hardiness and its three components. Dunett Test also showed that the mean of hardiness and its three components in the healthy athlete and disabled athlete women were equal but disabled non-athlete women acquired less mean score compared to healthy athlete and disabled athlete women. Conclusion: sporting can increase hardiness personality trait in disabled athlete women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The Effect of Isotonic Resistance Training on selected Immune System Markers in Female Athlete University Students
sepide mohamad khan beigi hadis bayat Mandana Gholami hojatollah nikbakhtThe purpose of this study was to evaluation of the effect of isotonic resistance training on selected immune system markers in female athlete college students. To perform this study, 20 healthy female volunteer athletes (table tennis player) (Age: 22/3±2), (Body MoreThe purpose of this study was to evaluation of the effect of isotonic resistance training on selected immune system markers in female athlete college students. To perform this study, 20 healthy female volunteer athletes (table tennis player) (Age: 22/3±2), (Body mass index: 22/41± 1/35 kg/ms) were selected for this study and randomly was divided in two groups; 10 subjects in resistance training group (RG), and 10 subjects in control group (CG). All of the athletes was done the physical fitness evaluation and 1RM was taken before, middle, and end of resistance training. 48 hours before first training, the athletes were be familiar with exercise protocols. Then RT group exercised protocol three times per weeks for eight weeks. The protocol included 7 stations and the training volume was carried out exceedingly (80% .85%.90%.95%1RM).24 hours after the last training section, the blood test was taken from all of the subjects. In pre and post protocol white blood cells (WBC), IL6, lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes sample were collected and measured by using Elisa. In order to indicate the normal distribution of data, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used. , before and after the exercise protocol. (p<0.05). The results of the current study indicated that, significant reduction (p=0.006) in rest IL6 level of RT group after eight weeks was observed. More over significant reduction (p=0.041) in amount of WBC of RT group after eight weeks was observed. These results suggest that, regular exercise can be critical point to reduce systematic inflammation, and the related index, such as IL6. It is one of the advantages adaption via these exercise. Isotonic resistance exercise can be the important and basic factor in systematic inflammation decrease and also reduction in relative factors such as interleukin 6 which is one of the reports of these kind exercises. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Designing a communication model of conflict management strategies with the satisfaction of athletes of Iranian national teams for the deaf
saeid solgi faride ashraf ganjoui ali zarei jasem manouchehriThe overall purpose of this study was to design a communication model of conflict management strategies with the satisfaction of athletes of national teams of the Deaf Sports Federation of Iran.The statistical population of the present study consists of all athletes of MoreThe overall purpose of this study was to design a communication model of conflict management strategies with the satisfaction of athletes of national teams of the Deaf Sports Federation of Iran.The statistical population of the present study consists of all athletes of the national teams of the deaf in Iran,whose number is 220 athletes and the statistical sample of the research consists of 150 athletes selected by the national teams.In this study used Robbins (1998) Conflict Management and Athletes Satisfaction Questionnaires of Rimrochladora (1998).To analyze the data and prioritize and determine the dominant style of conflict management,Friedman test and to determine the relationship between variables and the effectiveness of variables while using Pearson correlation coefficient, structural equation modeling method has been used.Smart PLS was used to perform calculations and model design.The results show that the coaches of the national teams for the deaf use the non-confrontation strategy more and the control style has the least use.Among the dimensions of athletes' satisfaction,after the satisfaction of individual performance has the highest average and after satisfaction with team performance has the lowest average.Also the results of structural equation modeling showed that the relationship between conflict management styles(t = 2.81,f = 0.68)with athlete satisfaction,solution orientation strategy(t = 2.64, f = 0.46)and non-confrontation strategy(t = 2.78,f = 0.32)Have a positive and significant relationship with athletes 'satisfaction and 46 and 32% are effective on athletes' satisfaction,respectively.According to the research,when the coaches use solution-oriented and non-confrontational strategies,they are more successful in managing conflicts and creating athlete satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Identify and explain the factors affecting perfectionism in managers, coaches and professional athletes of the country
tayebeh molazem Hossein Peymanizad Mohammad Reza Esmaeilzadeh Ghandehari Hassan Fahim DavinThe purpose of this study was to identify and explain the factors affecting perfectionism in managers, coaches and professional athletes. The present study was applied in terms of nature and in terms of descriptive-exploratory analysis method and in survey method. The s MoreThe purpose of this study was to identify and explain the factors affecting perfectionism in managers, coaches and professional athletes. The present study was applied in terms of nature and in terms of descriptive-exploratory analysis method and in survey method. The statistical population of the study in the qualitative section included all university experts in the field of organizational behavior and in the quantitative section included all athletes, coaches and managers of professional sports in the country. Questionnaire for observing the intensity of data analysis in the qualitative part was interviewed using the interview analysis method and in the quantitative part was used by the descriptive and inferential statistical methods with the help of SPSS software version 21 and AMOS. The results of Friedman test showed that according to the mean rankings, the variable of individual influential factors has the highest rank, and the environmental variable, interpersonal and organizational has the lowest rank among the variables. Findings showed that the model of factors affecting perfectionism in managers, coaches and professional athletes of the country had a favorable fit. The findings also showed that there is no significant difference between the perfectionism of managers, coaches and professional athletes in the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - تحلیل تأثیر سواد رسانهای بر رضایت ورزشکاران با نقش تعدیلگر تعهد حرفهای و مسئولیت اجتماعی (مطالعه موردی، لیگ برتر والیبال)
Hamed Ebadi Barbin Saeid Sadeghi Brojerdi Reza SabonchiThe present research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the effect of media literacy on the satisfaction of athletes with the moderating role of professional commitment and social responsibility (case study, volleyball premier league). The current research is a des MoreThe present research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the effect of media literacy on the satisfaction of athletes with the moderating role of professional commitment and social responsibility (case study, volleyball premier league). The current research is a descriptive research of the correlation type and based on structural equation modeling, and in terms of its purpose, it is considered a part of applied research. The statistical population of the research included all the athletes, supervisors and coaches of the top volleyball league of Iran (14 teams and 19 people in each team) who competed in the top league competitions in 1400 (266 people). Sampling was the total number and 241 questionnaires were returned correctly. The measuring tools of the research included media literacy questionnaires, athletes' satisfaction, social responsibility and professional commitment. In order to analyze the collected data, descriptive and inferential statistics methods were used. In the descriptive statistics section, tables and graphs of frequency and relative frequency of demographic characteristics of research participants, mean and standard deviation were used. In the inferential statistics section, structural equation analysis was used with the help of SmartPLS version 2 software in order to investigate the effect of research variables on each other and to design a communication model between them. The results showed that media literacy has a positive and significant effect on social responsibility, athletes' satisfaction and their professional commitment. Social responsibility and professional commitment have a positive and significant effect on the satisfaction of athletes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Analyzing the Brand Personality Attributes of Professional Athletes in the Instagram Social Media
Abed Mahmoudian Ako Ebrahim Fage Farid Ganji Hanieh Gholamithe present research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the personality attributes of the brand of professional athletes in the Instagram (case study: Veria Ghafouri). The authors of the article analyzed the number of 86 posts shared on the official Instagram page Morethe present research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the personality attributes of the brand of professional athletes in the Instagram (case study: Veria Ghafouri). The authors of the article analyzed the number of 86 posts shared on the official Instagram page of Veria Ghafouri during the 1400/1401 season and classified them based on the attributes of the athlete's brand personality. A small sample included 86 posts and 18/617/210 likes and 1/038/030 comments. The results of the analysis of Veria Ghafouri's Instagram page showed that this athlete focused most on the attributes of family man, sportsman, stylish and up-to-date, masculine, happy, hardworking, effective, demonstrative, successful, appreciative, encouraging, legal personality, inspiring. , supportive, harsh and rude, cold-blooded, exciting, leader and lively. The results show that attributes with content; athletic, successful, legal personality, supportive, family man, grateful, stylish and up-to-date, strong, effective, hardworking, etc. in order of highest average number of likes and attributes with content; Family man, hardworking, legal person, exciting, sportsman, successful, supporter, leader, effective, strong respectively have the highest average number of comments of the followers of this athlete's Instagram page. The results of the current research highlight the importance of the type of content produced by athletes on the Instagram social media for fans and followers, and with a better understanding of followers' responses (likes and comments), the necessary platforms to create a strong brand personality for athletes. It provides a professional through visual media for athletes and managers of their programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Factors affecting perfectionism in the field of professional sports in the country
Tayebeh Molazem Hossein Peymanizad Mohammad Reza Esmaeilzadeh Ghandehari Hassan Fahim DovinAbstractThe purpose of the present study was to examine the factors influencing perfectionism in the field ofprofessional sports in the country. It was applied in terms of its nature and descriptive-exploratory analysis method in the survey method. Sampling was availabl MoreAbstractThe purpose of the present study was to examine the factors influencing perfectionism in the field ofprofessional sports in the country. It was applied in terms of its nature and descriptive-exploratory analysis method in the survey method. Sampling was available in a targeted manner in the qualitativesection, and 10 experienced university professors were interviewed and it led to information saturation. The statistical sample in the quantitative section was determined by using Morgan's table of358 people. Data collection was done in the qualitative part by using qualitative interviews with elites and in the quantitative part by using a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 34 questions in 4dimensions and a five-point Likert scale. Data analysis in the qualitative part using the interview analysis method and in the quantitative part using descriptive and inferential statistics methods and with the help of SPSS version 21 and AMOS software, it was examined and analyzed between the amount of positive andnegative perfectionism in professional athletes of different disciplines. There is a significant difference in the study. The results of the Friedman test showed that according to the average ratings, the variable of individual effective factors has the highest rating and the environmental, interpersonal andorganizational variables has the lowest rating among the variables. The findings showed that the model of perfectionism factors in managers, coaches and professional athletes of the country has Thefitwas favorable and the findings showed that there is no significant difference between the level ofperfectionism of managers, coaches and professional athletes in the country Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - The Mediating Role of Self-Compassion in the Relationship between Perceived Stress and Body Image with the Mental Well-Being of Female Athletes in Tehran
Shadi Kabiri Agh Ziarat Afsaneh Taheri Khadijeh AbolmaaliPurpose: Mental well-being can play an adaptive role in facing adverse and stressful conditions, so the aim of the research was the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between perceived stress and body image with the mental well-being of female a MorePurpose: Mental well-being can play an adaptive role in facing adverse and stressful conditions, so the aim of the research was the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between perceived stress and body image with the mental well-being of female athletes in Tehran.Methodology: The research was applied in terms of purpose and from the point of view of data collection, it was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population was all female athletes who referred to sports clubs in Tehran in 2019, age range (20-50 years). 250 people by method Available sampling was selected. The research tools included Diener et al.'s Mental Well-Being Questionnaire (1985), Cohen, Komark and Marmelstein's Perceived Stress Questionnaire (1983), Winstead and Janda's Body Image Concern Questionnaire (1987) and Neff et al.'s self-compassion Questionnaire (2003). Data were analyzed using Spearman's correlation method and path analysis using SPSS and PLS software.Findings: In general, the path analysis showed that self-compassion played a mediating role in the path of body image to well-being, the results showed that perceived stress and self-compassion could predict mental well-being, also the path analysis showed that self-compassion in the path between perceived stress and mental well-being, it did not have the ability to play a mediating role. It played a mediating role in the path of body image to well-being.Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that strategies that increase self-compassion can provide a better picture of body image and increase the mental well-being of female athletes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - The Survey of Mental Health Profile among Female Athletes in Sport Organizations to Provide Counseling and Psychotherapy
Kambiz Kamkary Shohreh Shokrzadeh Sirous Fathi Vajargah Hossein SaeedyThe aim of this study was to Survey mental health profile among female athletes in sport organizations to provide counseling and psychotherapy. The research design is descriptive type. Measurement instrument to evaluate mental health was Personality Questionnaire Multip MoreThe aim of this study was to Survey mental health profile among female athletes in sport organizations to provide counseling and psychotherapy. The research design is descriptive type. Measurement instrument to evaluate mental health was Personality Questionnaire Multiphasic Minnesota Personality-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2RF) that has been validated by Kamkary and Shokrzadeh in Iran (1389). The results showed that the average female staff of physical education organization is in the sub-scales' "low positive emotions", "Malaise", "self-doubt", "Aesthetic-Literary Interests" and "introversion" above average and they need counseling and psychotherapy services. Hence, it is necessary to increase mental health and counseling services should be enjoying process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Distribution of sports human resources and sports fields in Semnan province using geographic information system (GIS)
باقر morsal hoseein ziariSports and physical activity as a social phenomenon has affected the lifestyle of many people all over the world in different physical, economic, educational, political and social ways. be This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms MoreSports and physical activity as a social phenomenon has affected the lifestyle of many people all over the world in different physical, economic, educational, political and social ways. be This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the research is experts and sports elites of Semnan province (84 people). Finally, the researcher made a questionnaire. In order to check the distribution of athletes, Arc-GIS software was used. The results showed that, in total, Semnan, Shahrood cities have the most athletes and Aradan city has the lowest amount of athletes, and in the examination of the coach-to-athlete ratio, Mehdi city is superior to other cities. Finally, Shahrood, Semnan, and Garmsar have the most athletes compared to other provinces. And football, badminton, wushu and basketball are among the priorities of Semnan province's sports fields. Due to the inequality and imbalance of sports fields at the first level The province, without a doubt, has a serious responsibility towards the sports community today, and all officials and people involved in the field of sports should take steps for the development and growth of sports. Because the modern world is a complex place for the growth and development of humanity. Sports is a very important part of this modern era. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Investigating the effect of social capital on improving and developing the quality of life of athletic and non-athletic students, a case study; Students of the four units of Islamic Azad University of Tehran
ZAHRA JAFARIPOURSANIJ Soroush Fathi Thmores ShiriToday; In developing countries, the distribution of social capital is considered one of the effective factors of sustainable development, which can be considered as the main pillar of development. Since trust, participation and social solidarity are among the dimensions MoreToday; In developing countries, the distribution of social capital is considered one of the effective factors of sustainable development, which can be considered as the main pillar of development. Since trust, participation and social solidarity are among the dimensions of social capital, it is considered a criterion for the development of quality in a social system. which in this case is a basis for development. This research was conducted with the aim of the impact of social capital on the improvement and development of the quality of life of athletic and non-athletic male and female students of Islamic Azad University of Tehran. The tool for collecting information was the researcher-made questionnaire of social capital with 18 questions, the reliability of which was obtained by Cronbach's alpha test method as 0.886. The statistical population of the research was determined from among 135,405 students using the limited population sampling method and through Cochran's formula by reducing d to 0.037. The sample number was 681 people, and after removing outliers and non-answers, 666 responses were examined.Descriptive tests were used to examine the data, and independent t-statistics and one-way analysis of variance were used to test the hypotheses using spss 25 software. The result is that; Sports is one of the categories that directly and indirectly affects health and quality of life and is considered one of the social assets of any advanced society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - The Effectiveness of Appreciation Education on Academic Buoyancy and Cognitive Flexibility in Volleyball Sports Students
Maryam Feyzbakhsh Vaghef Soleyman Kabini MoghadamThis research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of appreciation training on academic buoyancy and cognitive flexibility in volleyball students. The research method was semi-experimental with the implementation of pre-test & post-test and MoreThis research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of appreciation training on academic buoyancy and cognitive flexibility in volleyball students. The research method was semi-experimental with the implementation of pre-test & post-test and with experimental and control groups. The statistical population included all 9th grade female students of one school in Rasht district in the academic year of 2020-2021 in the number of 418 people, out of which 36 female athletes were randomly divided into 2 groups (18 people). The experimental group and 18 people were divided into the control group. Academic buoyancy questionnaires by Dehghanizadeh & Hosseinchari (2011) and cognitive flexibility by Dennis & Vanderwaal (2010) were completed by all the subjects of the two groups in the pre-test and post-test stages. Then, the experimental group was subjected to Emmons and McCullough's (2003) appreciation training intervention for 9 sessions of 90 minutes. While during this period, the control group did not receive any intervention. The data was analyzed using the inferential test of analysis of covariance. The results showed that appreciation training increased the academic buoyancy and cognitive flexibility of female athletes. (P<0.001). Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of appreciation training is useful and effective to increase academic buoyancy and cognitive flexibility in female volleyball athletes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - The Effects of Emotional Intelligence on Sport Orientation and Aggression of Young Athlete's
Arsalan Khanmohammad Otaghsara Alireza Homayouni Morteza Firoozjah Ameneh «اشمشفذشقهThe present research investigated the effects of emotional intelligence components on the orientation and aggression of young athlete's. This research design was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest. 40 young athletes were selected and randomly assigned in two groups MoreThe present research investigated the effects of emotional intelligence components on the orientation and aggression of young athlete's. This research design was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest. 40 young athletes were selected and randomly assigned in two groups with 20 experimental and 20 controls people. Emotional intelligence program was conducted for 12 weeks on athletes. Results showed that emotional intelligence training had significant effect in decreasing of aggression. In addition, results showed that emotional intelligence training had significant effect on sport orientation and increased it. Therefore, the use of emotional intelligence training is an effective factor on the reduction of aggression, and also an important factor in increasing of athlete’s sport orientation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Compare sensation seeking trait and their components in athlete’s individual and non athletes individual
Saeed Teymouri Hossein Moameni Mahmouei Ali MashhadiThe main aim of the study was to compare sensation seeking trait and their components in athletes individual and non athlete’s individual. The research method was the casual-comparative study.All subjects studied included 160 subjects (80 students, 80 student athl MoreThe main aim of the study was to compare sensation seeking trait and their components in athletes individual and non athlete’s individual. The research method was the casual-comparative study.All subjects studied included 160 subjects (80 students, 80 student athletes and non athletes) with a mean age of 22 years. For assessment of sensation seeking and their components politics Zuckerman scale (SSS-V) was used. Cronbach's alpha for this scale questions 0/75 and correlation between subjects score twice in the space of four weeks r=0/79 reported.Data analysis using t test, revealed that sensation seeking trait and their components in athlete’s individual higher than non athletes individual. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - The Perspective of Female National Hero Athlete about Gender Inequality in Sport
Masoumeh Nazari azad Akbar Talebpour Majid KashaniConsideration of gender inequality among female athletes is considered as one of the grounds for discovering women's interest in sports.The present study uses theories in this field such as theories; gender socialization, gender inequalities, sociology in the form of co MoreConsideration of gender inequality among female athletes is considered as one of the grounds for discovering women's interest in sports.The present study uses theories in this field such as theories; gender socialization, gender inequalities, sociology in the form of consciousness of the thirty Wright Mills, Collins Contradiction Theory, Bloomberg Gender Inequality Theory, Chapters Gender Equality Theory, Gender Equity Theory and Physiological Barriers Theory is based on an analytical model to explain the perception of gender inequality in sport. Based on research model, independent variables, socio- Economic, values and norms Social, pattern of parents, type of exercise, women, women's education, using the media as dependent variables affecting the perception of inequality in sports were selected. The method of this study was to use a survey method among female athletes at the national and transnational level as a statistical population. 200 of them were selected as a statistical sample by random sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha. The findings of the research were analyzed using multiple regression analysis and path analysis. Results of multiple regression analysis showed variables; socio-economic status, social values and norms, parental modeling, women's education and media use respectively The most effect on the dependent variable has been investigated and, in total, more than 48% of the variations of the function variable have been explained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - The role of professional ethics and social responsibility on athletes' satisfaction
Hamed Ebadi Barbain Saeid Sadegehi Burojerdi Reza Saboonchi The purpose of this study was the effect of professional ethics and social responsibility on athletes' satisfaction, which in terms of practical purpose and methodological, descriptive-survey of correlation. The statistical population of the study included selecte More The purpose of this study was the effect of professional ethics and social responsibility on athletes' satisfaction, which in terms of practical purpose and methodological, descriptive-survey of correlation. The statistical population of the study included selected athletes working in the country's sports clubs in individual disciplines of wrestling, karate, taekwondo and team disciplines of volleyball, basketball, and handball (592 athletes) who competed in 1397. Simple probabilistic random sampling was selected. To collect research data from Kadozir (2002) Professional Ethics Questionnaire with 16 items that have 8 dimensions of responsibility, honesty, justice and fairness, loyalty, competitiveness, respect for others, empathy with Others, respect for social values and norms. Carol (1991) with 25 questions in 4 dimensions of ethics, legal dimension, humanitarian dimension and economic dimension and satisfaction of athletes Barimer and Chaladorli (1988) with 14 questions. To analyze the data obtained from the research, the partial least squares method was used with Smart pls software version 2.8 / 3. Findings showed that professional ethics has a positive and significant effect on social responsibility (t=β, 8.736=0,449) the effect of professional ethics on athletes' satisfaction was positive and significant (t=β, 3.803=0,141). Findings showed that social responsibility has a significant effect on athletes' satisfaction (t=β, 23.340=0,735). Finally, the effect of professional ethics on athletes' satisfaction with the mediating role of social responsibility was confirmed (t=β, 8.082=0,700). According to the research results, it can be concluded that the managers of the country's clubs can use the social responsibility activities of their athletes in order to promote a desirable organizational behavior and increase the satisfaction of athletes in order to achieve positive results in the clubs. "According to the authors of this article, there was no conflict of interest." Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - An investigation of group and individual counseling effectiveness
li naghi AghadassiThis study is to determine the extent of individual and group counseling effectiveness based on Reversal theory in decreasing athletes’ stress. The statistical population is 36 male and female national athletes’ teams in various athletic fields. The statisti MoreThis study is to determine the extent of individual and group counseling effectiveness based on Reversal theory in decreasing athletes’ stress. The statistical population is 36 male and female national athletes’ teams in various athletic fields. The statistical sample size was randomly chosen consists of two experimental group and a control group. The variables include individual and group counseling. The reversal theory as independent variable and the extent of stress as dependent one. One group was exposed to individual counseling and the other got group counseling. Using the concepts, procedures and techniques that are emphasized by reversal theory, the two groups were examined. The control group did not get any counseling. The standard stress questionnaire of Lionel coudyron was implemented both before and after the experiment to determine the extent of stress of the subjects. The data were collected ad processed by statistical analysis of one and two way ANOVA, through repeated measurements, the T dependent and Tukey test was (P £ 0.05). The following results were obtained. There was a positive and significant effect of reversal theory both with individual and group counseling in decreasing national team’s athletes' stress (P£0.001). There was not significant difference in decreasing stress between individual and group counseling using reversal theory. In general, one can deduce that in order to decrease the national teams’ athletes’ stress, the individual and group counseling can be used. The reversal theory can also be used as one of the effective theories in individual and group counseling Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - The Comparison of Gender Differences in Athletic Students’ Sports Participation Motivation
Mozhgan Piri Saeid Ahar Ahmad MahmoudiThe aim of this study was to compare the sexual differences in athletic students’ sporting participation motivation. It was a descriptive - comparative field study. The population of this study was the students who participated in girls and boys’ sports even MoreThe aim of this study was to compare the sexual differences in athletic students’ sporting participation motivation. It was a descriptive - comparative field study. The population of this study was the students who participated in girls and boys’ sports events of high schools of Khorasan Razavi province in 2011. For this purpose, 589 boy and girl students were selected as the sample, using stratified Taxonomy sampling method. To collect the data, Gill et al, s question was used and to analyze the data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) and Mann-Whitney analyses were conducted. The findings revealed there are significant differences between girls and boys in motivation for sport participation (P≤0.001). Also, the results showed significant differences in motivational factors including success, preparedness, relief of energy, finding friends and fun between the girls and boys(P<0.001). No difference was observed in the components of the atmospheric group, situational factors and skill development (P≤0.001). In all of the components except skill development, motivation to participate in was higher among girls as compared to boys. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Compration of exam stress rate in male and female athlete and non-athlete Students in Islamic Azad University of Bonab
Abbas Mostafazadeh Khosroo Jahanseir Siyamak AshrafiThe present study aims to compare the general and exam stresses rate before examinations in male and female athlete and non-athlete students in Islamic Azad University of Bonab. In order to do so, based on the Morgan & Jersey table, there were "10240" students as th MoreThe present study aims to compare the general and exam stresses rate before examinations in male and female athlete and non-athlete students in Islamic Azad University of Bonab. In order to do so, based on the Morgan & Jersey table, there were "10240" students as the statistical sample,"380"of which were chosen as samples, separated based on being male or female, or athlete or non-athlete. Samples were chosen through multilevel stratified sampling, and were answered to exam stress questionnaire. The result revealed that exam stress is meaningfully different in athlete and non-athlete students. Also there was a difference between male athlete and non-athlete students and female athlete and non-athlete students. There was also a meaningful difference in boys and girls about their exam stress and average exam stress in girls is more than boys. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - The effect of four weeks of intense interval training (HIT) on some aerobic and anaerobic indicators of the women of the Iranian national basketball team.
Hossein Pirani Omidreza Salehi Maryam KiansabIntroduction: Intense interval training (HIT) is an effective approach to improve performance in the short term, the effect of this method of training on physiological functional adaptations in elite athletes is still unclear, so the present study was conducted with the MoreIntroduction: Intense interval training (HIT) is an effective approach to improve performance in the short term, the effect of this method of training on physiological functional adaptations in elite athletes is still unclear, so the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of four weeks of HIT on some functional and physiological variables. Methods: For this purpose, 14 volunteer players of the Iranian women's national basketball team (with an average age of 23.0 ± 3.24 years, weight 63.6 ± 8.50 kg, and body mass index = 21.8 ± 3.15 kg/m2) were selected and randomly divided into two experimental (n=7) and control (n=7) groups. Before and after the exercises, the subjects performed 1 incremental test with breath gas analysis to determine some physiological variables and a Wingate test to determine maximum power (PPO) and average power (MPO). Both groups followed the same basketball training program for four weeks while the experimental group performed the anaerobic sprint protocol (RAST) as a HIT protocol twice a week along with the basketball training program.Results The results of the ANCOVA test showed that the experimental group had a significant increase in VO2max (p=0.001), vLT (p=0.011), VO2max (p=0.001) and maximum oxygen pulse (p=0.001). Implementation of HIT also caused a significant increase in maximum power (p = 0.03) and average power (p = 0.02). Conclusions: The present findings showed that the intense interval training program with short rest periods can increase aerobic and anaerobic performance in the short term. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - COVID19 and its impact on young athletes
yaser janbazBackground and Purpose: The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted organized sport in the community, cancelled, modified or postponed as part of a strategy to reduce transmission of the virus. This has had a significant impact on young athletes in terms of psycho-social, movem MoreBackground and Purpose: The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted organized sport in the community, cancelled, modified or postponed as part of a strategy to reduce transmission of the virus. This has had a significant impact on young athletes in terms of psycho-social, movement-physical considerations and their career development. Material and Methods: The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of covid-19 on young athletes. In this study, related articles from all databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, the system of prestigious scientific conferences, Magiran and Noor were examined. Also, in the process of searching for articles, the keywords of corona virus, covid 19, sports activity and corona virus, sports activity and the body's immune system, intense sports activity and the body's immune system were used. Results: Given the limitations of quarantine, the need to overcome inefficient national laws and conditions to provide medical care, finance and implement an effective vaccine program at the local, national and global levels, create adequate herd immunity and create the environment, this disorder is likely to continue for several years. Conclusion: This article will consider the temporal challenges related to the motor-physical and psycho-social importance of maintaining an active sports program for young athletes, that reflecting safety measures to modify sports equipment and environmental supports to allow safe participation in training and competition, and providing advice on gradual return-to-sport protocols for young athletes after contracting Covid-19. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between Brand Equity and Loyalty of Iranian Athletes
Bahman Ghardashi Kazem Mehri Mehrdad RahimianThe aim of this meta-analysis study was to analyze the relationship between brand value and loyalty of Iranian athletes. This research is from the point of view of practical purpose and is included in the category of qualitative researches. The statistical population of MoreThe aim of this meta-analysis study was to analyze the relationship between brand value and loyalty of Iranian athletes. This research is from the point of view of practical purpose and is included in the category of qualitative researches. The statistical population of the research is all the studies conducted in Iran in the field of the relationship between brand value and the loyalty of Iranian athletes at the level of master's and doctoral theses, as well as the studies published by executive and research institutions and indexed in scientific research journals. . The number of these articles was 90. The sample size is made up of 21 primary studies. The qualitative sampling methods used were also purposeful snowball sampling. In order to investigate the effect size, separate each intervention, the combined effect size with two models of fixed and random effects, funnel plot, sensitivity analysis, homogeneity test and Volume I were used in order to investigate the primary researches. Pearson's correlation coefficient was also used as r index. Finally, the size of the overall effect of brand equity on athletes' loyalty is equal to r=1.734 (p=0.05), which shows the size of the lifting effect according to Cohen. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - The study of relationship between social capital and tendency to consumption of enhancing drugs among athletes in shiraz city
Bijan Khajenoori Hamid SedaghatSports participation of the youth as active members of society is of great importance. Sports activity is an important factor both at the level of international competition and also in its relations with the health and vitality of the youth. But in recent years, an incr MoreSports participation of the youth as active members of society is of great importance. Sports activity is an important factor both at the level of international competition and also in its relations with the health and vitality of the youth. But in recent years, an increase in the use of performance-enhancing drugs is evident among the youth. With regard to the negative effects of using such drugs and also the damages to championship sports due to the athletes’ punishments and deprivations, considering this issue and studying its related factors may be important in preventing and reducing the use of performance-enhancing drugs. One of these factors is social capital. An increase in social capital can be important in many ways, including that it unites individuals with their society and this itself results in more following the usual social norms. So, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between social capital the tendency to use performance-enhancing drugs in the youth. This study was conducted with a quantitative approach through a survey research and the data were collected using a questionnaire. The study population is consisted of young athletes of Shiraz aging 15-29. The sample size is 400 people. The research findings show that there is a significant relationship between the dimensions of social capital (institutional trust, social trust, social and cultural participation, social relations, the support of friends and family, and social norm) and the tendency to use performance-enhancing drugs. There’s also a significant difference between basic variables such as age groups, sports, education status, and employment status based on the tendency to use performance-enhancing drugs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Sociological analysis of the Effect of Sportspersonship and Coach Power on Behavior and Risk Rate on Youth Martial with Due to the Mediating Role of Coach-Athlete Relationship
saeed kiyani oshtorjani rokhsareh badamiThe aim of this research was to investigate the effect of ethical behaviors and methods of coaches’ power on behaviors and risk-taking in martial adolescents with Due to the mediating role of coach and athlete communicate. Statistical population were included all MoreThe aim of this research was to investigate the effect of ethical behaviors and methods of coaches’ power on behaviors and risk-taking in martial adolescents with Due to the mediating role of coach and athlete communicate. Statistical population were included all the martial person in Najafabad, with age of 14-16, among them 304 participant were selected based on availability. Data collection instruments were included: Bolter and Weiss Coaching Behavior scale related to athleticism behavior, Sussman and Deep Methods of coaches’ power, Kavussanu and Boardley Social and anti-social behaviors, zadeh Mohammadi et al. adolescents risk-taking behavior in Iran sports and Joveit and Netomanis relationship between coach and athlete. The results of structural equation modeling showed that the effect of coach ethical behavior and exercise of power on riskiness and social and anti-social behaviors of martial arts work by mediating the quality of coach's and athlete's relationship is desirable. The results showed that the coach's ethical behavior affects both the risk of adolescents and their social behaviors, and the quality of the coach's relationship becomes more effective. The methods of exercising coach power do not directly affect the behavior and risk of combatants, but indirectly by mediating the mentor's and athlete's relationship affects the attitude and risk of combatants. In sum, the results of this study showed that the relationship between trainer and athlete was a mediator variable in the relationship between ethical behavior and the method of applying coach power on the attitudes and risk level of combatants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Identification of effective factors on sport tourism in Isfahan province
arsalan balalidehkordi negar arazeshiTourism is growing as one of the most important economic sectors. Leading countries in this dimension of economic activities account for a large share of the revenue generated by the arrival of tourists annually. This research was carried out with the aim of identifying MoreTourism is growing as one of the most important economic sectors. Leading countries in this dimension of economic activities account for a large share of the revenue generated by the arrival of tourists annually. This research was carried out with the aim of identifying the factors affecting sport tourism in Isfahan province by quantitative and field method. The statistical population of this study is physical education and tourism practitioners of Isfahan Province that are active in sports tourism affairs in the province. The statistical sample in this study was estimated according to the size of the statistical population through Krejcy Morgan's table. The sample size includes 132 people selected by proportional allocation method, of which 82 physical education and 50 tourists were selected and distributed 150 questionnaires among sports and tourism experts and completed and completed the completed questionnaires. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the viewpoint of sports and tourism in relation to the factors. Therefore, the province of Isfahan has a special place to attract domestic and foreign tourists, having historical and traditional values of the BCE era and its role in the development of the country's sport. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Description of Background of Participation in Physical Activities and Exercises of Family of Elite Athletes
ستاره دینلی رخساره بادامیThe present research is intended to describe history of sport participation in physical activity and sport by members of family of the elite athletes. For this purpose 119 athletes were chosen from various sport fields by available sampling method. Developmental history MoreThe present research is intended to describe history of sport participation in physical activity and sport by members of family of the elite athletes. For this purpose 119 athletes were chosen from various sport fields by available sampling method. Developmental history of athletes’ questionnaire (Hopwood, 2013) DHAQ was employed for data collection. In this inventory, rate of participation by father, mother, sister, and brother (siblings) of athletes in general fitness activities, recreational activities, and competitive sports was measured at two levels i.e. ‘I have never occasionally participated’ and ‘I have participated’. Based on findings, more than a half of fathers and mothers had history of participation in fitness and recreational activities but less percent of them had participated in contest activities. Similarly, frequency of participation by sisters and brothers (siblings) was 65.3% in general fitness activities, 83.1% in recreational sport/ informal sporting games, and 56.1% in competitive sports. Accordingly, more than a half of relatives of athletes had background in physical activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Sport and Psychosocial Development
Susan RahimzadehBecause sports and physical activities provide many interaction opportunities, they can accelerate socializa-tion, enhance coping abilities, and promote a healthy life style. The psychosocial development of 172 female and male athletes in individual and team sports and MoreBecause sports and physical activities provide many interaction opportunities, they can accelerate socializa-tion, enhance coping abilities, and promote a healthy life style. The psychosocial development of 172 female and male athletes in individual and team sports and of nonathletic students was assessed in this study, using Hawley’s Measure of Psychosocial Development (MPD) with 27 subscales of positive, negative, result and total. Manova results indicated: Sports effect psychosocial development (p<0.004, f=1.866); gender has no effect on psychosocial development; the psychosocial development of the athletes in individual and team sports were the same. According to these findings, it seems the study of participation, cooperation, reciprocity and cohesion, especially task cohesion, is necessary in order to understand more fully the effects of team and individual sports on psychosocial development Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Emotional intelligence in athletes with disabilities
Mohammad A. Aslankhani Behrouz Abdoli Seied Hojjat Zamani Sani Zahra Fathi RezaieSamples of 163 disabled men (53 paralympics athletes, 50 athletes and 60 non-athletes) completed the Bar-On (1997) Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire. The results of ANOVA showed both groups of athletes had higher levels of emotional intelligence than non-athletes. MA MoreSamples of 163 disabled men (53 paralympics athletes, 50 athletes and 60 non-athletes) completed the Bar-On (1997) Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire. The results of ANOVA showed both groups of athletes had higher levels of emotional intelligence than non-athletes. MANOVA revealed that paralympics athletes had higher scores in self-actualization and independency subscales than disabled athletes. The athletes scored higher in self-awareness, social responsibility, interpersonal relationships, problem solving, stress tolerance and happiness subscales than non-athletes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Comparing the attitudes of athletic students and coaches tpwards sport psychology
Hadi Kajbafnejad Rezvan Rezvany Aslthis research compared the attitudes of college and high school athletes and coaches towards sports athletes, with equal number of males and females, completed the attitudes towards sports ps Morethis research compared the attitudes of college and high school athletes and coaches towards sports athletes, with equal number of males and females, completed the attitudes towards sports psychology questionnaire (Martin et. al., and college level athletes regarded sports psychology more positively than high-school athletes did. There was not a significant gender differences in attitude towards sport psychology. Possible applications of the results are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - The relationship between perfectionism and burnuot among physically disabled elite athletes
Sara Azizi Reza NikbakhshThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between perfectionism and burnout among physically-motionally disabled elite athletes. The sample consisted of 118 athletes (mean age 24.83±5.74 yrs, athletic experiences 12.43±6.53 yrs, and competi MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between perfectionism and burnout among physically-motionally disabled elite athletes. The sample consisted of 118 athletes (mean age 24.83±5.74 yrs, athletic experiences 12.43±6.53 yrs, and competitive experiences 8.39±4.40 yrs) who attended in Guangzhou Asian Games in 2010. The participants voluntarily completed the Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale (Haase & Prapavessis, 2004) and the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (Raedeke & Smith, 2001). The results of Pearson correlation coefficients indicated that (1) positive perfectionism had significant and negative relationships with the reduced sense of accomplishment, emotional/physical exhaustion, devaluation, and total level of burnout, and (2) negative perfectionism had significant relationship with only the reduced sense of accomplishment. The results of regression analysis indicated that positive perfectionism was the only determinant of total level of burnout. The findings indicate that the positive perfectionism tendencies are effective in preventing ruining effects of burnout in physically disabled elite athletes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Sociological explanation of stigma in sports for the disabled (Case study of men and women athletes with disabilities in Tehran in 1398)
aboolfazl Tajarrod Bahram Ghadimi zahra alipourdarvishi Shahla Hojat Massoumeh shojaeiThe aim of this study was to identify and explain the phenomenon of hot stigma in the sports community of the disabled and used a combined research method with an exploratory design. A quantitative survey questionnaire was provided to 120 athletes with disabilities. The MoreThe aim of this study was to identify and explain the phenomenon of hot stigma in the sports community of the disabled and used a combined research method with an exploratory design. A quantitative survey questionnaire was provided to 120 athletes with disabilities. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha (0.971). The findings showed how hot stigma as a social construct plays a role in the norms of the sports community and social exclusion in these individuals and the prevention of their active participation in the social arena of sports, which is considered a criterion for the validity of "theory based." Leads to the phenomenon of instrumental exploitation of the disabled athlete at the level of the individual, family and sports community. This phenomenon of exploitation of the disabled athlete can simultaneously be considered as causal conditions, phenomena, action and interaction conditions. / 0, which indicates the strong desirability of the model and can be a good model with a holistic, systematic and long-term view of the sport of the disabled and tries to guide the action of managers in the distant time horizons and wider areas of implementation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - The Effect of Skullcap Supplementation after a Session of Simulated Karate Activity on Some Antioxidant Indicators, Oxidative Stress and Selected Muscle Damage in Elite Karate Athletes
Mohammad Reza Fazli Reza Gharakhanlou Mohammad Shariatzadeh JoneydiKarate is considered as one of the most intense and challenging exercise due to its intensity and types of activities. In these activities, the body is inflicted by the number of injuries and its antioxidant capacity is disturbed. Therefore, the present study was aimed MoreKarate is considered as one of the most intense and challenging exercise due to its intensity and types of activities. In these activities, the body is inflicted by the number of injuries and its antioxidant capacity is disturbed. Therefore, the present study was aimed at assessing the responses of muscle damage markers, oxidative stress and plasma antioxidant enzymes to the simulated karate activities and supplementation of skullcap plant in the elite karate athletes. Twenty-four eligible elite karate athletes were randomly assigned to two groups, consisting of placebo-activity group (n=12) and skullcap-activity group (n=12). The considered activities were based on the World and European Karate Championships programs. First, blood samples were taken from research groups at the rest and then desired activities were performed by athletes. Next, the second blood sampling was taken, immediately after the activity and after that, the subjects in placebo and skullcap groups received 500 mg of placebo and skullcap capsules, respectively. The third blood samples were taken one hour after that and the fourth blood sampling was two hours after taking the supplement. Finally, plasma was removed from the blood and CK, LDH, MDA, GPx, TAC, and SOD indicators were measured.Results showed that the indicators of muscle damage and oxidative stress significantly increased (p < 0.001) immediately after simulated karate activates and decreased during the recovery period as well, while these changes were higher in supplement group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, antioxidant indicators have significantly increased after the activities, and this increase was at a higher level (p < 0.05) throughout the recovery period in the supplement group. The results of the present study showed that skullcap supplementation increased antioxidant indicators in the recovery period and decreased muscle and oxidative damage factors. Therefore, this plant can be recommended as a supplement to reduce damages, stress, and fatigue for karate athletes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - The comparison of Active and Passive Recovery After One Session of Exhaustive Exercise lactate Serum and Heart Rate Level among Runners
Aَlireza Babaei Mazreno Iman Nazerian Esmat Babaei Mazreno Sedighe Sadat Mohammadi ZarchiBackground: Considering the need of athletes to reach normal conditions and prepare for the next activities, the methods of removing lactic acid and reducing the heart rate are very important. The need of athletes to recover and to prepare for the next activities, metho MoreBackground: Considering the need of athletes to reach normal conditions and prepare for the next activities, the methods of removing lactic acid and reducing the heart rate are very important. The need of athletes to recover and to prepare for the next activities, methods of disposal lactic acid are important. Method: The purpose of this study was to compare of active and passive recovery after one exhausting exercise (Bruce) in blood lactate and heart rate in male runners. 26 healthy elite men were selected and then randomly divided in two groups of 12 men in active and 14 men in passive group. Before exercise, lactate acid and heart rate were measured, then each runner performed Bruce test so that he became exhausted completely then immediately and after 10 minutes lactate acid and heart rate measured again and analyzed by repeated measures test (p>. /05). Results: Results show that lactate acid and heart rate increase significantly immediately after exercise (p<.05). Changes 10 minutes after active and passive recovery decrease than after exercise but still increased significantly than before exercise.Conclusion: Finding of this study showed that active recovery after an exhaustive training session causes significant Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Measurement of sound level in sports clubs with the approach of maintaining the health of athletes
Ling-Hsiang Chang Hooman Bahmanpour Ali fahiminejad -
Open Access Article
59 - Qualitative Analysis of Encouraging Athletes to Purchase Iranian Sporting Goods: A Grounded Theory Study
مهداد نمازی مسعود ایمان زاده مهرداد محرم زادهAbstract Currently, there is a recent issue that has arisen among the Iranian athletes is the perspective of the superiority of foreign goods in Iran. This study aimed to qualitatively analyze the tendency of athletes to purchase Iranian sporti MoreAbstract Currently, there is a recent issue that has arisen among the Iranian athletes is the perspective of the superiority of foreign goods in Iran. This study aimed to qualitatively analyze the tendency of athletes to purchase Iranian sporting goods. In this study, which was a qualitative study, the data was obtained by relying on grounded theory and based on qualitative in-depth interviews with athletes of Ardabil province. The population included all the elite athletes of the province, who were selected by purposeful sampling and snowball method, and 22 athletes were recruited as the statistical sample. The data were analyzed in three coding levels of open, axial, and selective. In the analysis of five concepts of causal conditions (five categories), intervening conditions (five categories), contextual conditions (five categories), strategies (six categories), and consequences (three categories), the Strauss and Corbin coding framework (2014) was used. In general, the results in the form of a qualitative model showed that according to the causal conditions and the requirement to encourage athletes to purchase Iranian sporting goods, as well as considering the intervening conditions and the context of the study, these beliefs can be developed via some strategies such as combating the smuggling of sporting goods or improving the quality of domestically produced sporting goods. Overall, this study supports the idea that by increasing sports production in Iran, it is possible to boost the trade-in sporting goods, and by neutralizing economic sanctions and creating national solidarity, this trade can be supported to see a tendency in athletes under the title: Preferring to purchase domestic sporting goods, instead of foreign ones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Predicting the Risk of Injury in Athletes Based on Two Factors of Injury History and Functional Movement Screening Test Score
nadjmeh afhami reza siamaki najmeh sadeghiMovement patterns disorders can lead to injury, although can result from athletes'' injuries and the absence of proper rehabilitation. Studies on risk factors are necessary to prevent sports injuries. The present study aimed to predict predisposed athletes according to MoreMovement patterns disorders can lead to injury, although can result from athletes'' injuries and the absence of proper rehabilitation. Studies on risk factors are necessary to prevent sports injuries. The present study aimed to predict predisposed athletes according to injury history and functional movement screen test (FMS). Twenty-seven professional female athletes (15 handball and 12 futsal athletes aged 20.67±4.35 and 21/58±3/05 years old respectively) participated in this cross-sectional study. At first, the consent form and personal information were completed by the subjects, and their injury history was recorded according to the standard injury history form, and then they participated in the FMS test. Subsequently, athletes'' injuries were recorded during training and competition for a period of 6 months. Data were analyzed by Kappa, t-test, Fisher exact test, and Regression logistic with SPSS and alpha level set at α=0.05. The results of the study showed that the history of injury can significantly predict FMS test scores (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Designing a Model of Factors Affecting the Promotion of Tax Culture in Iranian Athletes and Professional Coaches
mohamad homayoonpor vali nowzari Seyed Ehsan AmirhosseiniThe purpose of this study was to design a model of factors affecting the promotion of tax culture in Iranian athletes and professional coaches. The research was conducted by a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods and in the framework of descriptive-survey MoreThe purpose of this study was to design a model of factors affecting the promotion of tax culture in Iranian athletes and professional coaches. The research was conducted by a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods and in the framework of descriptive-survey research. The statistical population in the quantitative section was all athletes and coaches working in professional leagues in Iran. A total of 45 coaches and 363 athletes were selected( equal to 368) and in the qualitative section, there were 12 sports and tax experts. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire which was validated by exploratory factor analysis and its validity and reliability and the factors were ranked by Friedman test. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-19 and LISREL8.8.8 software. Findings showed that individual factors, intra-organizational factors, socialization factors and extra-organizational factors have a positive, direct and significant effect on promoting the tax culture in Iranian athletes and professional coaches and intra-organizational factors were ranked first. It can be said that focusing on components such as transparency in tax laws and taxpayers' awareness and familiarity with tax laws is effective in promoting tax culture. Therefore, counting the indicators and criteria for taxation, especially for athletes and professional coaches, and passing and enforcing laws that block tax evasion, including the submission of formal documents, will help to promote a tax culture in the long run. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Qualitative Analysis of Encouraging Athletes to Purchase Iranian Sporting Goods: A Grounded Theory Study
mehdad namazi masuod emanzadeh mehrdad moharramzadehAbstract Currently, there is a recent issue that has arisen among the Iranian athletes is the perspective of the superiority of foreign goods in Iran. This study aimed to qualitatively analyze the tendency of athletes to purchase Iranian sp MoreAbstract Currently, there is a recent issue that has arisen among the Iranian athletes is the perspective of the superiority of foreign goods in Iran. This study aimed to qualitatively analyze the tendency of athletes to purchase Iranian sporting goods. In this study, which was a qualitative study, the data was obtained by relying on grounded theory and based on qualitative in-depth interviews with athletes of Ardabil province. The population included all the elite athletes of the province, who were selected by purposeful sampling and snowball method, and 22 athletes were recruited as the statistical sample. The data were analyzed in three coding levels of open, axial, and selective. In the analysis of five concepts of causal conditions (five categories), intervening conditions (five categories), contextual conditions (five categories), strategies (six categories), and consequences (three categories), the Strauss and Corbin coding framework (2014) was used. In general, the results in the form of a qualitative model showed that according to the causal conditions and the requirement to encourage athletes to purchase Iranian sporting goods, as well as considering the intervening conditions and the context of the study, these beliefs can be developed via some strategies such as combating the smuggling of sporting goods or improving the quality of domestically produced sporting goods. Overall, this study supports the idea that by increasing sports production in Iran, it is possible to boost the trade-in sporting goods, and by neutralizing economic sanctions and creating national solidarity, this trade can be supported to see a tendency in athletes under the title: Preferring to purchase domestic sporting goods, instead of foreign ones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Presenting a Model to Stimulate Demand for Sports in Iranian Society
fatemeh ghavami Rasool Nazari reza shajieAbstractMovement patterns disorders can lead to injury, although can result from athletes' injuries and the absence of proper rehabilitation. Studies on risk factors are necessary to prevent sports injuries. The present study aimed to predict predisposed athletes accord MoreAbstractMovement patterns disorders can lead to injury, although can result from athletes' injuries and the absence of proper rehabilitation. Studies on risk factors are necessary to prevent sports injuries. The present study aimed to predict predisposed athletes according to injury history and functional movement screen test (FMS). Twenty-seven professional female athletes (15 handball and 12 futsal athletes aged 20.67±4.35 and 21/58±3/05 years old respectively) participated in this cross-sectional study. At first, the consent form and personal information were completed by the subjects, and their injury history was recorded according to the standard injury history form, and then they participated in the FMS test. Subsequently, athletes' injuries were recorded during training and competition for a period of 6 months. Data were analyzed by Kappa, t-test, Fisher exact test, and Regression logistic with SPSS and alpha level set at α=0.05. The results of the study showed that the history of injury can significantly predict FMS test scores (P <0.05). In addition, athletes with a history of injury are more predisposed to injury. Athletes with a history of injury and FMS scores less than 17 were more 4 times predispose to sports injury than athletes with FMS scores above 17. Coaches, athletic trainers, therapists, and sports rehabilitators can design an accurate and effective injury prevention model by taking an injury history and performing FMS in line with other pre-season participation examinations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - The Effect of Core Muscles’ Fatigue on Agility in Female Athletes
sohila minaei aliakbar jadidiyanFatigue is a common phenomenon during sports activities affecting athletic performance. Core muscle actions can affect performance of the whole body and extremities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of core muscle fatigue on female athletes’ agi MoreFatigue is a common phenomenon during sports activities affecting athletic performance. Core muscle actions can affect performance of the whole body and extremities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of core muscle fatigue on female athletes’ agility. 30 healthy female students, active in sports teams, accomplished Illinois, 505 and T agility tests on two sessions. The first was held before and the second after the fatigue protocol. Within group comparisons were determined with paired t test. The results showed that core muscles fatigue can lead to significant reduction in agility tests scores (p < 0/05). Further, Cohen’s effect size value of T (d=0/673), 505 (d=1/925) and Illinois (d=1/873) agility tests suggested a moderate, and high to very high practical significance. According to the results, it is recommended to perform functional exercises simulated to sport activities; including agility and core stability exercises to prevent fatigue and injury. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Investigation of the Effect of a Four-Weeks Functional Training Program on Functional Movement Screen Test Scores in Resistant Training Athletes with Movement Impairment Patterns
momammad karimzadeh ramin arghadeh seyedrouhollah hosseini yosef moghadasmovement impairments are movement patterns that occur as compensation for the proper execution of a task. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of 4-week training based on functional impairment on functional movement screen scores in resistant t Moremovement impairments are movement patterns that occur as compensation for the proper execution of a task. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of 4-week training based on functional impairment on functional movement screen scores in resistant training athletes with movement impairment. In the present study, 30 resistant training athletes with movement impairment, whose functional movement screen test scores were less than 14, were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly divided into two equal experimental (n= 15) and control (n= 15) groups. The experimental group performed functional training based on functional impairment for 4 weeks (3 sessions per week and 40 minutes each session) and the control group continued their normal activity. A paired t-test was used to test for within-group differences and covariance analysis was used to examine between-group differences at the significant level of 0.05. Paired t-test results showed a significant difference in all FMS tests in the post-test compared to the pre-test only in the experimental group (P <0.05). Also, the results of the covariance analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in all variables (P <0.05). The scores of all variables in the experimental group were better than the control group. Results showed that four weeks of corrective exercises improved FMS test scores and improved functional impairments in resistant training athletes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Validation of Lateral Pair Jump and RAST tests and its relation with body mass index in non-athlete female
nazanin abdollahzadeh سعید صداقتیThe main goal of this research is to validate the lateral pair jump test with the RAST test and its relationship with BMI of non-athlete female students. The type of this research is practical in terms of purpose and semi-experimental in strategy, and it was carried out MoreThe main goal of this research is to validate the lateral pair jump test with the RAST test and its relationship with BMI of non-athlete female students. The type of this research is practical in terms of purpose and semi-experimental in strategy, and it was carried out by field method. The population of this research includes all non-athletic female students of Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr Branch, and the statistical sample includes 30 of the aforementioned students. which were selected randomly from non-athlete female students (students who attended general physical education classes and did not have any sports history). To collect data from the RAST anaerobic power tests and lateral pair jump as well as BMI Students have been used. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine the normality of the data distribution and the Pearson correlation coefficient test was used to determine the relationship between the variables. The results showed that there is a statistically significant relationship between the minimum, maximum and average power of the lateral pair jump test with the RAST test in non-athlete female students, but there is no significant relationship between the fatigue index of the two tests. There is an inverse and statistically significant relationship between the minimum, maximum and average power of the lateral pair jump test with the BMI of non-athletic female students, and there is a direct and statistically significant relationship between the fatigue index of the lateral pair jump test and the BMI of non-athletic female students. There is an inverse and statistically significant relationship between the minimum, maximum and average power of the RAST test and the BMI of non-athletic female students, and there is a direct and statistically significant relationship between the fatigue index of the RAST test and the BMI of non-athletic female students (α = 0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Forecast of Mental Wellbeing and Public Health Based on the stress perceived by the mediation of his compassion in women athletes in Tehran
shadi Kabiri Aq Ziarat afsaneh taheri khadijeh abolmaali al hoseyniHaving health and vitality with exercise can provide the conditions for different work and activities of the people and succeed in different areas of life, whether professional or family environment. This requires an active life. Well -being refers to a sense of health MoreHaving health and vitality with exercise can provide the conditions for different work and activities of the people and succeed in different areas of life, whether professional or family environment. This requires an active life. Well -being refers to a sense of health that the complete awareness of the integrity and integrity that deals all aspects of the individual was the purpose of this study was to predict mental well -being and public health based on the stress perceived by their compassion in Tehran's athletes. This was a descriptive correlational study performed by structural equations. It was also practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this study was all athletes referred to sports clubs in Tehran. 250 people were selected by available sampling method. Participants responded using a link to the mental well -being questionnaire, the public health questionnaire, their compassion questionnaire and the perceived stress scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation, and path analysis using SPSS and PLS software. In general, path analysis showed that compassion in the direction between stress and mental well -being did not have the ability to mediate. In addition, compassion had no role in the perceived sterile path to general health and body image to public health. And it can be concluded that women athletes probably managed their stress using coping strategies. Manuscript profile
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