Narcissistic narrative in elite and non-elite athletes
Subject Areas : Sport psychologyShiva Lotfollahi 1 , Mirhamid Salehian 2
1 - Department of Educational Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
2 - Department of Physical Education, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
Keywords: Narcissistic profile, Elite, Non-Elite Athletes,
Abstract :
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the narcissistic profile of elite and non-elite athletes. This research is applied and descriptive survey method.
Methods: The statistical population included all calculated on basis of Cochran formula for unlimited society as 384 people, and finally 360 completed questionnaires. Data was collected by Russkin & Terry's (1988) narcissistic questionnaire. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to investigate natural distribution of data. After identifying abnormal data of research, non-parametric U-Mann-Whitney statistical method was used to examine the difference between the variables and to prioritize the variables by Friedman test.
Results: The results showed that there is a difference between narcissistic narrative (self-esteem, exploitation, pride, self-researcher) and elite and non-elite athletes. Also, there is no difference between narcissistic narrative (power and discretion, priority, self-esteem) of elite and non-elite athletes.
Conclusions: Using the results of this research, necessary and appropriate solutions can be provided to officials, coaches, athletes, and parents to use appropriate narcissism to increase them.
Bakkloer, F.C, Whiting H.T. (2009). Sport psychology concepts and application. Journal of personality and Social Psychology. 58: 785-801.
Bani Nosrat, A. (2006). Relationship between selective leadership styles and success rate of East Azarbaijan wrestler coaches. Master's Thesis. Urmia University. In Persian.
Campbell, W. K., Foster, J, D. (2011). The narcissistic self: Background, an extended agency model, and ongoing controversies. In: The self, Frontiers of social psychology. Sedikides C, Spencer SJ. Philadelphia: Psychology Press; 2011. Pp: 115-138.
Cox, R.C. and Yoo, H.S. (2016). Playing position and psychological skill in American football. Journal of Sport Behavior, 18, 183- 194.
Dineen, R. (2015). Personality characteristic differences of university student – athltetes and non – athletes (PhD dissertation). Eugene, OR: university of oregon.Pp: 8-15
Elman, W.F. and Makelvie, S.J.M. (2008). Narcissism in football players: Stereotype or reality? Journal of Sport Psychology. 49; Pp: 18-35.
Gilson, D. N., and Gieaft, D. L. (1992). Different provocations trigger aggression in narcissists and psychopaths. Social Psychological and Personality Science. 1; Pp: 12–18.
Hatami, H., Khodaverdi, A. A., Hatami, Z., Karimi, M. (2013). Comparison of narcissistic levels among female national, non-national and non-athlete students. Growth and Motor learning. 4; Pp: 107 - 124.
Hill, P. L., Lapsley, D.K. (2013). Adaptive and maladaptive narcissism in adolescent development. Implications of narcissism and Machiavellianism for development of prosocial and antisocial behavior in youth. Washington DC: APA Press.
Kaplan, S.N. and Sadouk, M.K. (1998). Sport and play in American life: A Textbook in sociology of Sport. New York: Saunders Publishing Company.
Kurrola, T. S., Aggen, S. H., Kendler, K. S., Torgersen, S., Reichborn-Kjennerud, T., & Neale, M. C. (2009). Measurement non-invariance of DSM-IV narcissistic personality disorder criteria across age and sex in a population-based sample of Norwegian twins. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 19; Pp: 156–166.
Miller, J. D., Maples, J., Campbell, W. K. (2015). Comparing construct validity of scales derived from the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Journal of Research in Personality. 12; Pp: 79 – 89.
Miller, J. D., Campbell, W. (2012). Examining the relations among narcissism, impulsivity, and selfdefeating behaviors. Journal of Personality, 77; Pp: 761–794.
Mirsefian, H. R., Arizi, H. R., Heidari, M. (2009). Comparing self-esteem of football players in different levels in Isfahan. Journal of Psychiatric Institute of Tehran. 26; Pp: 45 - 66.
Morgan, P.W. and Johnson J.K. (2013). WR, Personality characteristics of successful and unsuccessful. International Journal Sport Psychology. 12; Pp: 38-49.
Mujeck, Y.T. and Deivies, H.P. (2012). Personality differences between athletes and nonathletes. Mat. 31, 10. Journal of Sport Behavior. 22; Pp: 145-157.
Muris, H. A. (2006). Explorations in personality: A clinical and experimental study of fifty men of college age. New York: Oxford University Press.
Nelson, M.B. (2014). The stronger women get, here more men love football: Sex and the American Culture of Sports. New York: Harcourt Brace & Co.
Ourlic, P. K., Luevano, V. X., & Adams, H. M. (2003). How the Dark Triad traits predict relationship choices. Personality and Individual Differences. 53(3); Pp: 180–184.
Ranjbari, Sh. (2014). Relationship between leadership styles of wrestler coaches with level of narcissism and motivation for development of free and Greco Roman wrestling. Master's Thesis. Science and Research branch.
Raskin, R.N., & Tery, C.S. (1988). The narcissistic personality inventory: Alternative form reliability and further evidence of construct validity. Journal of Personality Assessment, 45, 159-16.
Saint Phard, D., Van Dorsten, B., Marx, R., York, K.A. (2013). Self-perception in elite collegiate female gymnastics, cross country runners kinetics runners and track and field athletes. Mayo Clin Pro. 74; Pp: 770-74.
Wallace, H.M., Baumeister, R.F. (2006). The performance of narcissists rises and falls with perceived opportunity for glory. Journal of Personality Social Psychology. 82; Pp: 819-34.
Wann, D.L. (2004). Sport Psychology. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: prentice Hall.
Young, S.M., Pinsky, D. (2008). Narcissism and celebrity. Journal Research Personality. 40: 463-71.
