کاربری اراضی

Open Access Article

1 - Measurement And Evaluation Of Metropolitan Areas Of Tehran In Terms Of Diversity And Mix Of Urban Uses
Vahid BostanAhmadi majid akbari سیمین ارمغان Arash Ghasempour

In recent years, mixing of land use and mixed development has become one of the important areas of research in urban studies. One of the important topics related to the mix of uses is how to measure it in urban areas. Due to the fact that in many researches, the mix of More

In recent years, mixing of land use and mixed development has become one of the important areas of research in urban studies. One of the important topics related to the mix of uses is how to measure it in urban areas. Due to the fact that in many researches, the mix of uses is assumed as an independent variable that affects other aspects of the urban environment, so how to measure it is very important to achieve reliable results. This research has been carried out in order to measure and evaluate the areas of Tehran metropolis in terms of diversity and mix of urban uses. This research is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of targeting. The methods of collecting information and data are in the form of documents (municipal statistics and detailed plan). Shannon's entropy, Gray's relationship analysis, Shannon-Wiener and Simpson's dominance models were used to analyze the data and information obtained in ARC/GIS software. Region 3 ranks first with diversity index (0.496) and Simpson dominance index (0.059487). Regions 20 and 19 are ranked second and third respectively with diversity index (0.395) and (0.304) and Simpson dominance index (0.019127) and (0.007362). On the other hand, region 8 with the lowest diversity index (0.022) and Simpson dominance index (0.000006) is ranked last. It shows that 2 regions (4 and 1) are in very high condition, 2 regions (5 and 2) are in high condition, 7 regions (3, 9, 6, 22, 18, 16 and 15) are in medium condition. 5 regions (12, 11, 7, 19 and 20) are in low status and 6 regions (14, 13, 21, 10, 8, low and 17) are in very low status. Statistically, %9 of the regions are in a very high condition, %9 in a high condition, %32 in an average condition, %23 in a low condition, and %27 in a very low condition. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Mapping of the distribution and canopy density of Northern Zagros forests using Sentinel-2 satellite images in the West Azerbaijan province, Iran
جلال هناره خلیانی Naser Ahmadi Sani Farahnaz Rashidi

10.30495/jrnr.2022.69094.10255

Since there are different statistics on the area, distribution, and density of Zagros forests, continuous monitoring and evaluation of these forests are facing implementation problems. The available statistics and information from Zagros forests are not effective in the More

Since there are different statistics on the area, distribution, and density of Zagros forests, continuous monitoring and evaluation of these forests are facing implementation problems. The available statistics and information from Zagros forests are not effective in the management decisions of these forests due to many reasons such as their preparation in the traditional way or their oldness. In this research, a high-accuracy map of canopy density and distribution of Zagros forests as well as the determination of other land uses have been prepared using Sentinel-2 images of 2019 in the south of West Azarbaijan province. The image classifications were performed with the supervised method and ML and SVM algorithms in the ENVI 5.3 software environment. The Bing and Google Earth images were used to prepare the ground truth map to evaluate the accuracy of the output maps. In this research, the five non-forest land uses including ranges, gardens, agriculture, water sources, and barren and residential lands were classified. The results showed that the maximum likelihood algorithm with an overall accuracy of 87.3% and a kappa coefficient of 0.74 was the most accurate in preparing the canopy density map. The available statistics showed that the state of forest cover in the province is not in a favorable condition and the area of Zagros forest in the province is equal to 60200.55 ha, which is equivalent to about 90% of the updated statistics of the forests, rangelands, and watershed management organization of the country (67235,91 ha) in 2020. It can be stated that Sentinel-2 data has an acceptable efficiency in terms of accuracy and cost for preparing the canopy density and distribution map of forest areas and preparing the land use map. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Evaluation of land-use change and its effect on flood hydrograph in Amameh watershed, Tehran Province
Maral Pezeshki Baharak Motamedvaziri Hasan Ahmadi

Changes in the land-use pattern has affected hydrological processes in the watersheds and disrupted the natural balance of water flow. In the present study, changes in hydrological components of Amameh watershed as a result of land-use changes from1988 - 2013 were studi More

Changes in the land-use pattern has affected hydrological processes in the watersheds and disrupted the natural balance of water flow. In the present study, changes in hydrological components of Amameh watershed as a result of land-use changes from1988 - 2013 were studied. Due to lack of the land-use map in past years, the land-use map was prepared and analyzed by Landsat TM satellite images in the ERDAS Imagine software in 1988. Furthermore, the available &lrm;information were used to provide land-use map &lrm;in 2013. Land-use maps of 1988 - 2013 were prepared using ArcGIS software. In existing maps, six land-use classes; class 1, 2, and 3 rangelands, agricultural and &lrm;garden, arid land, and river-bed were designed. &lrm; The results showed that Amameh watershed was affected by severe changes in the land-use&lrm; during the study period, so that the class 1 rangelands&lrm; to class 2, class 2 to class 3, and even arid&lrm; land were changed. In addition, the residential areas (villa) were increased from 2.5% in 1988 to 8.4 in 2013. The HEC-HMS model was used to investigate the effect of land-use changes on the hydrological flood hydrograph of Amameh watershed&lrm;. The results of hydrograph study of 1988 and 2013 showed the volume increase of runoff and peak discharge rates during the 25-year period, and also the watershed runoff coefficient was increased from 0.82 to 0.89. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - The Analysis of Landscape Structure and Land Use Changes as an Ecological Approach to Acheive the Sustainable Regional Planning (case study: Latian Dam Watershed)
Banafsheh Shafie Homa Irani Behbahani Amir Hossein Javid Hassan Darabi Farhad Hosseinzadeh Lotfi,

Landscape changes occur by natural trends or disturbing events. The current study evaluated the landscape structure changes of Latian Dam watershed by means of landscape metrics to achieve the ecological approach in order to formulate sustainable regional development an More

Landscape changes occur by natural trends or disturbing events. The current study evaluated the landscape structure changes of Latian Dam watershed by means of landscape metrics to achieve the ecological approach in order to formulate sustainable regional development and planning for area of the study. Land use changes were identified using four time-series atmospherically-corrected surface reflectance Landsat images from 1987 to 2017.Then,7 metrics in landscape level and 8 metrics in class level were chosen to quantification the landscape structure by Fragstats 4.2 software, in order to analyze the landscape changes. The results and analysis show the increase in NP and IJI, and the decrease of AREA-MN which mean the fragmentation occurs in landscape level. The increase of AREA-MN and NP in built-area class shows the tendency to coarse grain structure (homogeneity), and the decrease of AREA-MN and increase of NP in vegetated area class, shows the tendency to fine grain structure (heterogeneity) in landscape level. These scientific findings of past, present and ability to estimate the future land use of the study area will assist planners and decision-makers to formulate environmental protection plans to conserve natural heritage. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Evaluation and analysis of urban land use resilience (Case study: District 22 of Tehran)
elnaz rezaie esmail salehi akramolmolok lahijanian amir hoshang ehsani

Cities are often the site of overcrowding and man-made phenomena. For this reason, in the absence of earthquake preparedness, the probability of human and financial losses is high. The main issue is to what extent the society is able to return to its original state afte More

Cities are often the site of overcrowding and man-made phenomena. For this reason, in the absence of earthquake preparedness, the probability of human and financial losses is high. The main issue is to what extent the society is able to return to its original state after a major disaster. Therefore, measuring and analyzing the resilience of urban land use clarifies the importance and necessity of the present study. The general purpose of this article is to determine the importance of the role of each of the criteria and indicators of resilience in District 22 of Tehran as an environmental area. The research method of this research is descriptive-analytical, and its nature is applied. In this study, first the theoretical framework of the research was done by collecting information through documentary studies, then the degree of resilience of urban land use, based on the opinions of experts and review of previous research, criteria and sub-criteria of resilience were determined. After that, pairwise comparisons of indicators were performed with the help of 20 faculty members and experts who specialized in urban planning and management. In order to evaluate and evaluate the final degree of resilience, FAHP method and GIS system have been used. Finally, evaluations and studies showed that the average resilience of the structural-natural criterion is moderate in District 22 of Tehran Municipality. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Detection and monitoring of land use change using supervised classification method and post classification comparison (case study of Assaluyeh area)
farhad hamze Hadi Abdollahi

10.30495/sarzamin.2022.33776.1579

Coastal areas has been important for mankind because of the abundance of potential possibilities for development since long time ago and this can be the reason for concentration of %75 of the world's population at radius of 200 km from the coasts.The purpose of this stu More

Coastal areas has been important for mankind because of the abundance of potential possibilities for development since long time ago and this can be the reason for concentration of %75 of the world's population at radius of 200 km from the coasts.The purpose of this study is the change detection of land use in coastal areas of assalouye by using landsat images in two 16-year periods (2984-2000-2016). Land use maps for these years was extracted from landsat satellite imagery and was corrected by using of available maps and also google earth images and was verified through the error matrix approach, kappa coefficient and overall accuracy. kappa coefficient ( 0.94; 08808 and 0.9517) and overall accuracy (96.56%; 95.4952% and 93.5883% ) was obtained for 1984, 2000 and 2016 years respectively.The results show that increase in area in the residential areas use unit (126.36 square kilometer ) and vegetation (6.13 square kilometer) and decrease in area in the bayer areas use class (-125.37) and water range (-7.15 square kilometer) has been created during 32 years. Bayer lands has the most changes and residential areas unit as the most development. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The Determination of Andimeshk Urban Physical Development With the Application of R.S and G.I.S
اصغر Nazarian سیمین Tolaei مریم Khosravi

Most of the cities have been exposed by physical growth. This could be explained byhigh population groyth as well as rural – urban migration. This in turn, resulted the inthe development of cities upon unsuitable lands.This study deals with the determination of An More

Most of the cities have been exposed by physical growth. This could be explained byhigh population groyth as well as rural – urban migration. This in turn, resulted the inthe development of cities upon unsuitable lands.This study deals with the determination of Andimeshk urban physicaldevelopment using T. M (1987), (ETM (2002), and LISS PAN (2003) projectionsystems.The Methodology of this study is as follows:At first urban land use maps were drawn. The urban physical development rates werecomputed based on comparsion between the maps. In the next step, taking intoconsidration the relevant factors responsible for urban physical development potential,distance layers pertaining to distance of the city from C.BD, from main routes, fromwest ravine were determined and scaled. This is followed by calssification of land into10 brackets. The final aereage devoted to future development were computed by 1408.it is suggested that urban physical development of Andimeshk were confined to justvertical development due to preservation of agricultural lands of the city. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The analysis of land use planning trends in city of tabriz with sustainable development view point during 5 years (2004-2008)
K. Hoseinzade Dalir Rahim Sarvar Hossein Bejani Tohid Ahmadi

Land use planning is type of use, distribution and protection of land. This type of planning can studied in deferent point of view, for instance sustainable development is one of most acceptable appointment in land use planning. In this research we have tried to study a More

Land use planning is type of use, distribution and protection of land. This type of planning can studied in deferent point of view, for instance sustainable development is one of most acceptable appointment in land use planning. In this research we have tried to study and evaluate the land use planning in city of Tabriz according to sustainable development criteria. In this study we have suggested coordinating or non coordinating of land use planning with sustainable development in Tabriz for 5 years since 2004-2008. our methodology and technique followed of document analysis. In this research All of data are documented and consist of approvals in commission of article of 5 of urban planning low. in result we suggest that the land use planning in Tabriz is not perfectly according to sustainable planning criteria.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Effect of land use and vegetation on erosion forms and sediment production (Case Study: Watershed Vers Qazvin province)
Mehrdad Esfandiari Abolfazl Moeini Rahele Moqadasi

In recent years, the interaction of land use change with soil erosion has become a major environmental concern and has a dramatic impact on soil erosion and sediment yield. In this research the impact of land use and vegetation on erosion forms and sediment production o More

In recent years, the interaction of land use change with soil erosion has become a major environmental concern and has a dramatic impact on soil erosion and sediment yield. In this research the impact of land use and vegetation on erosion forms and sediment production of the basin vers in Qazvin province was investigated using MPSIAC erosion model by Geographical Information System (GIS). The different forms of erosion (Surface, Rill, gully, bank, Stream) can be seen as moderate to severe in vers watershed. Amount of sediment for the whole of watershed was 7.1 ton per hectare per year and the amount erosion was 7.04 tons per hectare per year. Dryland farming with 2.14 (metric tons per hectare per year) has the greatest impact on erosion and sediment yield. In pasture (type 3) and dry farming have very high sediment yield and indicated the improper use of land. Sediment produced on pasture (Type 1) Less than a garden land use that reflects the positive impact of proper pasture vegetation in reducing the amount of erosion and deposition. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Anzali Wetland and morphological characteristics of the impact of changes in land use
Mohsen Ranjbar

Caspian basin after being removed from the open seas or lakes in Pliocene time, money andsince then a series of tectonic activity, fluctuating water levels, the effect of waves andcurrents of the river morphology and current as it created. Sediments along the shoreline More

Caspian basin after being removed from the open seas or lakes in Pliocene time, money andsince then a series of tectonic activity, fluctuating water levels, the effect of waves andcurrents of the river morphology and current as it created. Sediments along the shoreline toerosion and sedimentation caused severe changes in morphology are Anzali wetland.Morphological forms based on the manufacturer and type deposits occur in differentenvironments. Recognizing symptoms and morphological changes that could be a pivotal rolein coastal planning and coastal management have. Swamps and wetlands, Delta, tab, sand,sandy zones, sand dunes, marine terraces and flood plains, mud zones, alluvial Fans,landscape morphology are observed in different parts of the Caspian Sea and Anzali Wetland.Current status of the beach about 10 thousand years ago with the general trend of lowering thewater levels is. In recent decades, human factors, the coast is one of the basic parameters ofthe deformation. Margin morphology can identify shifts in the development and landuseplanning coastlines, coastal areas to be effective. In this research, studies, documents andsoftware using Ilwis, Autocad and photoshop and aerial photographs, geological maps,topographic1/ 20000 and 1/50000 and a method based on RS and GIS methods to separatethe units in the sedimentary environment they have been marked And the resulting changes inthe rate of water level changes and coastal morphology and sedimentary units, replacement ofthe final maps will be prepared. Anzali wetland in coastal sediments of the tab is made up ofcoastal and coastal barriers. Anzali lagoon behind the beach is one of the lakes that were oncepart of the Caspian Sea coastal waters. Anzali wetland in the past had a large spread butgradually by alluvial sediments - Sefidrood deltaic branches and rivers of Rasht region, Masaland Fouman is filled. Anzali indentation tectonics is derived from the Caspian Sea backwardsomewhat isolated from the sea and sand with a blade (the area between Anzali andKapurchal) is formed. Facies of Pleistocene marine and coastal areas indicates the presence ofPleistocene Sea coast at the foot of the Alborz. Gradually with the gradual retreat of the seaand tectonic activity has increased the extent of the coastal plain. Coastal facies, especiallyalong the asphalt road protrusion City - Friday Market (Friday Market on the northern sidereached a three-way road) that is visible is located in the south of Anzali wetland. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - An Analysis of the Feasibility of Urban Land Use in Comprehensive plans of small cities (Case Study of Asgaran City)
Mehdi Ebrahimi Boozani reza mokhtary Naser Karimi

10.30495/ums.2022.19612

Introduction and purpose of the research :The most important issue in the process of preparing and implementing urban development plans is the issue of their feasibility, and if these plans are implemented in the prescribed manner, public benefits and facilities will be More

Introduction and purpose of the research :The most important issue in the process of preparing and implementing urban development plans is the issue of their feasibility, and if these plans are implemented in the prescribed manner, public benefits and facilities will be provided and many urban problems will be resolved.. However, there are very few studies that show the feasibility of these projects in small towns.For this reason, in this article, the master plan of Askran city of Isfahan province with the level of small-scale cities has been studied.Research method: The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature and its data is based on documentary sources and field observation.Findings:The results show that the average percentage of feasibility of the proposed population of the comprehensive plan of Asgaran city is equal to 60.84%, which can be selected as the average feasibility of land uses. Accordingly, the feasibility of administrative and disciplinary uses, residential, educational, historical heritage and urban facilities above average, and the feasibility of other land uses have been below average.Among these uses, two commercial-service uses and park and green space had less than ten percent feasibility and recreational-tourism use, protective and therapeutic green space had zero and even negative feasibility. Thus, it can be said that the feasibility of land use proposed by the Asgaran Master Plan has been very low.Conclusions: Asgaran city master plan, like all comprehensive plans prepared with a traditional model, has little feasibility and with most of the weaknesses and bottlenecks of this model, including the separation of the design process from the implementation stage, definite planning and user location Followed by little flexibility and non-adaptation to changing spatio-temporal conditions, disregard for the financial and administrative resources of the municipality, stereotyping of the plan, disregard for the interests and needs of stakeholders, disregard for macroeconomic and political factors And social, ignorance of land ownership, and so on.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - The role of Detailed plan in the planning and organization of Zanjan city land use
Mir Saeed Moosavi Seyed Mohammad Hossein Jafari

Introduction and Aim: In urban planning, Land use optimization for organizing and creating the right environment with different functions for optimal access of citizens to be well used. The objective of most development projects and urban. The is target, Examines the La More

Introduction and Aim: In urban planning, Land use optimization for organizing and creating the right environment with different functions for optimal access of citizens to be well used. The objective of most development projects and urban. The is target, Examines the Land use state  of City Zanjan and Detailed plan role in the planning and organization of land use. Method: The is Research method This Paper descriptive-analytical. The Library and field data collection method was performed. The Probit regression and compatibility matrix, utility, capacity and dependence for data analysis was used. Findings:According to the functionalism approach, the detailed plan of Zanjan, amount of land use compliance with standard capita, lower than normal. And the performance of plan was weak. Conclusions: The probit regression test results, use per capita in the city on the basis 0.05 P> is 0.073 times normal, the user after a detailed plan is not in the standard range. Also, the matrix compatibility, user privacy with 1.99, Transport 2.60 and religious 2.92 are most compatible with other urban land. In Matrixes utility, office User, religious and gardens is with rank of the fully compatible to relatively compatible and fit the needs the city is projected. for improve the situation land use of Zanjan, Proportional distribution of land use, determine the radius of performance for land use and assignment services expert advisors and commitment is essential to the plan.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Introducing the land use classification methods in Regional Planning and presentation of an appropriate pattern for Iran
REZA ahmadian Bahar Abdolah

Introduction: One of the significant outcomes of Regional Physical plans and In other words, one of its main documents is producing a land use map and determining the macro uses in the study area. In the Regional Physical and Spatial plans, this is generally known as th More

Introduction: One of the significant outcomes of Regional Physical plans and In other words, one of its main documents is producing a land use map and determining the macro uses in the study area. In the Regional Physical and Spatial plans, this is generally known as the Land use Zoning map (The Uniform Contract 19). It is regarded as one of the primary results of Regional plans through which the objectives, strategies and proposal for a plan are made possible. There are several distinct methods for preparation of land use zoning map in the theoretical literature and plan preparation. But before any action, It is necessary to establish the systematic structure in lands classification. As a result, it is necessary that the planner determines land use at the region scale by establishing an accurate method to present the zoning document. The study aims to check different land use and land cover classification systems to propose a pattern at regional and spatial scales.   Methodology: The present research is to establish the structure and an applied research with a descriptive and analytical methodology. Therefore, the data are taken from the libraries to address the subject of research and to propose a pattern in this regard. Conclusion: According to the global systems of classification, the Suggested classification has been done in three levels with using Alphabetic code. The most important features of this pattern is generalization, systematic and flexibility.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Combination of land- uses and measurement of its effect on neighborhood- based sustainability (Case study: Velenjak and Darroos neighborhoods- Tehran city)
Shahabeddin Isalo Zohreh Fanni Behzad Dousti

Introduction and purpose of study: the diversity of land- uses is one of the key elements in contemporary urban planning that due to its social, economic and environmental advantages has been widely emphasized in modern urbanization patterns. The main purpose of present More

Introduction and purpose of study: the diversity of land- uses is one of the key elements in contemporary urban planning that due to its social, economic and environmental advantages has been widely emphasized in modern urbanization patterns. The main purpose of present article is to compare the level of urban neighborhood sustainability in two planned neighborhoods (Velenjak and Darroos) in Tehran and the position of land- use diversity in the improvement of sustainability in two under study neighborhoods. Method: in the present research by emphasizing on qualitative indices the sustainability of two selected neighborhoods are evaluated. The proposed theoretical framework is based on neighborhood sustainability framework. For this purpose, a questionnaire was compiled containing 30 questions and neighborhood sustainability was evaluated based on Likert five- point scale by the residents. The value of Cronbach Alpha test (0.891) confirms the validity of questionnaire questions. Findings: the data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed using multi- variable regression analysis, t- test and Pearson correlation test. The hypothesis of the study stating the higher degree of desirability of sustainability in Darroos neighborhood was rejected and the mean score relating to the sustainability of Velenjak neighborhood with mean value = 81.3 and Darroos with mean value = 52.4 reflected the difference in the sustainability of two above mentioned neighborhoods. In investigating the other hypotheses, the significance of the effect of land- use diversity factor on neighborhood sustainability was rejected. Conclusion: the results of present study indicate that the low level of diversity and land- use diversity in Velenjak neighborhood compared to Darroos neighborhood not only increases the citizens’ satisfaction but also enhances the peace in this district; in the other hand, land- use diversity in Darroos neighborhood has led to the increase of density and traffic. The findings indicate that although the land – use diversity may enhance local access in short term basis but in long term it may led to the attraction of traffic trips, arrival of strangers into the neighborhood and elimination of confidentiality, increase of building density and consequently the population; so that gradually, the level of neighborhood sustainability may deteriorate. Hence, it is essential that in codification of regulations of detailed design a special attention is paid to this. For this purpose, proportional distribution of activities based on the density of households and also their needs, elimination of incompatible land- uses in neighborhoods, application of vacuous spaces and barren lands are proposed for development of new and more flexible activities, development of zoning regulations on neighborhood level (float planning) as the research suggestions.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Garden-City Model; Strategy for the Development of Small Cities in Rural Areas (Specially studying: The rural town of Haviq Talesh)
محمد سلطانی شهرام امیرانتخابی

During the past two centuries, the world has rapidly become urban. The most important aspects and outcomes of this process is spatial development and physical extension of cities towards rural areas which is done through the joining of villages with cities and transferr More

During the past two centuries, the world has rapidly become urban. The most important aspects and outcomes of this process is spatial development and physical extension of cities towards rural areas which is done through the joining of villages with cities and transferring rural centers into small towns. Although small cities start with a small population and range, but they rapidly take agricultural lands and rural areas. During the second half of the twentieth century, this process begun and quickly spread the number of cities, added to the urban population and many villages were converted to cities. During recent decade, the fast process of the conversion of villages into cities, resulted in the change of agricultural land use and the natural regional perspectives were degraded, although it was done with the aim of profiting rural from urban services, but in areas such as the Caspian plain; especially in cases where newly established cities are a combination of villages, the remaining population which is a range of low density, non-uniform and porous will be filled in the near future with constructions and urban instruments! To prevent this stressful process, the conversion program of centers into small rural cities can not be entirely taken for granted; but it should be considered in developing cities such as spatial and functional patterns suiting the development area. In the Caspian region, for example, tourism capabilities of rural areas could be activated, in addition to preserving agricultural lands and rural perspectives and taking use of the profits of urban services and facilities through the garden-city model.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Evaluation of Urban Land Sustainable Development (Case Study: Sabzevar)
Farzaneh Sadat Hosseini Jonbazi Nobakht sobhani

Land-use planning as a process of urban planning at the heart of sustainable development is crucial, So that in the world today, of basic urban and land use planning issues Sustainable urban development is one of the levers. The aim of this study was to evalua More

Land-use planning as a process of urban planning at the heart of sustainable development is crucial, So that in the world today, of basic urban and land use planning issues Sustainable urban development is one of the levers. The aim of this study was to evaluate sustainable development approach is a little bit of land use in Sabzevar. For this purpose, three criteria Quantitative evaluation of lands, Social justice and mixing land uses were selected. The aim of the research is based on descriptive-analytic and functional. To analyze the findings Statistical techniques nearest vicinity or neighborhood (RN) and Barbara Brown model are used. The results show that compared with the per capita Sabzevar proposed master plan 2009 Per capita are far common in the country. Also RN model showed that the distribution pattern of land uses in the city on the pattern perfectly distributed cluster, The accumulation and concentration of land in a location other than the location and  Only the military and security culture based on the random pattern is the same pattern and regular. On the other hand, based on Barbara Brown became clear that District 7 for mixing land uses in good condition and  District 11 is the lowest level mixing of land uses.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Analysis increase effective building density on transportationnetwork of urban old textures Tabriz city
هوشنگ سرور امید مبارکی صدیقه امیری

Introduction  and  Aim: The analysis and study urban old texture is for important subject urban planning. One of problem nowadays in this texture was propound urban transportation. In reality urban transportation planning is propound with title effective facto More

Introduction  and  Aim: The analysis and study urban old texture is for important subject urban planning. One of problem nowadays in this texture was propound urban transportation. In reality urban transportation planning is propound with title effective factor of guidance urban development and forming with environment and advance of quality and desired urban life. Purpose research is analysis increase effective building density on transportation network of urban old textures Tabriz city. Method research: The approaches methods in this research is survey, documental and kind is application. For analysis data’s to use of  GIS software.  finding: The great bulk of frequentation to be accomplished in Tabriz city to pass for city center or finishing and this is with reason building density kinds of financial, commercial, educational and tourism in district.Therefore access weakness and unsuitable structure urban transportation network. and also is effective use spatial location and building density more than in urban old textures, inexpressive in public transportation network, un regular going back and forth pedestrian passerby and transport means and existent many traffic knots in increase of traffic urban old textures. Results: Therefore is proposal for improvement urban transportation system urban old texture in Tabriz city not existent method unless equilibrium middle three factor population, services and transportation planning with land use planning and perfect those with density changes. Therefore is clouding with improvement transportation management, increasing efficiency busing system and improvement pedestrian and bicycle network in cities to find an with suitability transportation in framework concentrated city.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - The Phenomena of the Structural and Spatial Development of Cities to the Rural Areas
حمیرا بردبار اسماعیل ابراهیمی

The main citizenship effects in the present world are the physical growth and development of cities and the increasing urban population. This phenomenon intensified after the industrial revolution in the West, but after a while, it was controlled by the concerns of the More

The main citizenship effects in the present world are the physical growth and development of cities and the increasing urban population. This phenomenon intensified after the industrial revolution in the West, but after a while, it was controlled by the concerns of the fans of  the environment and rural perspectives; as such, some rules for urban construction and urban planning in European countries, the United States and Japan have been passed, which have made physical and structural development of cities around the rural environment function under some special regulations, so that agricultural lands, forests and other environmental fields to be less invaded by the urban land. While cities in developing countries are passing the fast citizenship period, they accelerate towards the rural and agricultural areas, and farm lands and forest lands are changing to urban areas. Therefore, considering the experiences and findings of the developed countries in this regard is very important. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - Design of Model for Agricultural Land Use with Emphasis on Sustainable Livelihood in Kahak County of Qom Province
seyed mojtaba monzavi seyed mehdi Mirdamadi Seyed Jamal F.Hosseini , Samad Rahimi Soureh

The purpose of this research was to “Design an Optimal Pattern of Agricultural Land use in the KahakRegion of the Qom Province”. This research as far as goal is an applied research, with descriptive -survey methods to achieve the facts. Dependent variable in More

The purpose of this research was to “Design an Optimal Pattern of Agricultural Land use in the KahakRegion of the Qom Province”. This research as far as goal is an applied research, with descriptive -survey methods to achieve the facts. Dependent variable in this research was “pattern of agricultural lands use” and independent variables are consisted: social, economic, environmental (natural) variables and individual characteristics variables. The study population of the research included all landowner farmers of the Kahak in Qom Province. According to the statistics, the study populations are 2010 individuals. The sample numbers are determined by Cochran formula which is 322 samples in this research. The required information was collected by questionnaire and analyzed by using AMOS software and SPSS20. The design of the model based on structural equations indicated that, economic and environmental factors have positive effect on the optimal pattern of objected agricultural land use with errors around one percent.  But latent variable social factors had no effect on the land use pattern. Land use pattern, the correlation coefficient between economic factors variables and environmental factors variables was 0.79 and 0.44 respectively. Also based on the results, 76% of variance differences of land optimal model were defined by social, economic and environmental factors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Effect of land use changes on some soil physical and chemical properties (case study: Baneh)
لیلا غلامی مسعود داوری کمال نبی اللهی حامد جنیدی جعفری

Non-scientific and unconscious changes in land use have negative impacts on &lrm;the soil physical and chemical properties. In this research, the effect of land use &lrm;changes on some soil physical and chemical properties was investigated. For this propose, three site More

Non-scientific and unconscious changes in land use have negative impacts on &lrm;the soil physical and chemical properties. In this research, the effect of land use &lrm;changes on some soil physical and chemical properties was investigated. For this propose, three sites in three &lrm;&lrm;&lrm;adjacent land use &lrm;types including pasture, forest and&rlm; &rlm;agricultural&rlm; &rlm;lands were randomly selected in region of Baneh, &lrm;&lrm;&lrm;&lrm;&lrm;Kurdistan &lrm;province. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected from three sites at each of the different land use types from depths of 0–15 and 15–30 cm &lrm;and were analysed in the laboratory&lrm;. The results indicated that land use changes have no significant effects on the percentage of sand, silt and clay. Change in the land use type caused increase in bulk density and decrease in total porosity, soil hydraulic conductivity and aggregate stability. The &lrm;most percentage of coarse aggregates (0.25-8 mm) and fine aggregates (0.053-0.25 mm) was found in forest &lrm;and &lrm;agricultural land, respectively. Land use change caused increase in electrical conductivity and &lrm;soil reaction which increases with depth too. The results also indicated that land use change significantly decreases the amount of soil organic carbon. The average of soil organic carbon in forest, agricultural land and pastures were 4.99, 2.26 and 1.79%, respectively. In general, the results of this research showed that changes in land use has adverse effects on the soil physical and chemical properties that can result in reducing soil quality and increasing its degradation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - Effect of different land- use management scenarios on soil erosion using USLE model in Kalaybarchay watershed
حبیب نظرنژاد اسلام قهرمان‌نژاد میرحسن میر‌یعقوب‌زاده

Soil erosion is one of the environmental problems which can be considered as a threat for natural resources, agriculture and the environment. Thus, determining the temporal and spatial extent of soil erosion is an effective way to management of soil erosion and sediment More

Soil erosion is one of the environmental problems which can be considered as a threat for natural resources, agriculture and the environment. Thus, determining the temporal and spatial extent of soil erosion is an effective way to management of soil erosion and sediment control through watershed management. Todays, the misuse of lands and converting forests and grasslands into agricultural land, overgrazing, tillage on steep slopes leads to increase soil erosion and sediment yield. Therefore, defining the contribution of different land uses has a significant role in preventing erosion and prioritization of land management activities The objective of this study is to estimate and compare the rate of soil erosion in in different land uses on the current status and prediction of erosion in Two main scenarios and each mail scenario has three sub-scenarios (25, 50 and 75 percent of area) at KalaybarChay watershed with an area of 452 km2 in the province of East Azerbaijan using USLE model. To predict the foregoing, land use map was prepared Using Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and TM Sensor of satellite image Landsat5 on the ENVI 4.3 software. After the preparation of USLE model factors includes R, K, LS, C and P model was performed and mean value of each factor was calculated and soil erosion map was prepared by multiplying the average values. Results showed that the average amount of soil erosion rate is 12.3 (ton/ha/yr). Also the highest and least rate of erosion is assigned on conversion of rangeland to dry farming scenario; and the rangeland to tree dryland scenario equal to 15.43 and 9.03 (ton/ha/yr), respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - Land use changes by using RS and Markov chain technique in the south-west of Tehran
Faezeh Rajabzadeh

Land use changes investigation requires the use of rapid methods and new techniques, respectively. The use of remote sensing and GIS and integrating them with accurate information and field data prepared multipurpose decision. In this study, used images of Landsat 2, se More

Land use changes investigation requires the use of rapid methods and new techniques, respectively. The use of remote sensing and GIS and integrating them with accurate information and field data prepared multipurpose decision. In this study, used images of Landsat 2, sensor MSS June 1975, Landsat 7, ETM + 2002, and Landsat 8 sensor OLI June 2013, from USGS site for developing maps and survey land use changes over the period of 38 years in ENVI and ERDAS software. The Landsat 5, TM sensor image, June 1991, used to prepare land use maps and compared with 2002 and 2013, to predict land use change in 2024. Results related to land use changes in the past 38 years show a reduction of 12% (9/7060 hectare) orchard area and an increase of 7% and 5% of residential areas and agricultural lands, respectively. Also the predicted land use changes in 2024 represents a decrease of 2% compared to the current state of the orchard, while the almost constant level of agricultural land, and residential area will increase 2 percent. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - Investigation of Land use Changes and Climatic Components in Meshkinshahr City
Batool Zeynali Elham Mollanouri Shiva Safary

10.30495/wsrcj.2022.68774.11316

Introduction: Climate change has negative effects on water resources and human societies, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Remote sensing is widely used in studies such as monitoring the environment, agriculture, and climate of the earth. This technology makes More

Introduction: Climate change has negative effects on water resources and human societies, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Remote sensing is widely used in studies such as monitoring the environment, agriculture, and climate of the earth. This technology makes it possible to research and investigate such studies in large areas with the high spatial and temporal resolution, especially inaccessible areas or areas that do not have ground measurement stations (such as synoptic stations) provides. Considering the expansion of the cold semi-desert climate in the northwestern region of the country and the changes in land use in the Meshkinshahr region in recent years, the purpose of this research is to investigate the interrelationship between climatic components of temperature, precipitation, and soil moisture with land use changes. Methods: Meshkinshahr city is located in the northwest of Iran and is one of the important cities of Ardabil province. In the present research, the studied area using satellite images of Landsat 5 for 2002 and Landsat 8 for 2021 in seven classes of irrigated agriculture, rain-fed agriculture, residential area, water areas, snow cover, good pasture, and poor pasture for investigation of the changes in land-use has been classified. In the following, temperature and precipitation components (along with verification with ground data) respectively using the single-channel algorithm and GPM database and soil moisture using the optical thermal algorithm (TOTRAM) by applying LST and NDVI parameters as a time series were reviewed for the years 2002, 2006, 2011, 2016, 2019 and 2021. Result: By examining the resulting maps, it has been observed that there have been significant changes in different land uses, and most of these changes have been related to the increase of irrigated agricultural lands and poor pastures, and the loss of quality pastures. Also, temperature and precipitation fluctuations in the studied years are quite clear and do not have a regular trend, so for example, in 2011, a sudden increase in precipitation to the amount of 46 mm is observed. But the minimum temperature compared to its maximum in different years shows a greater increase compared to 2002. Vegetation and soil fertility do not have a particular upward or downward trend and show different values in different years, but the maximum vegetation cover, i.e. value 1 in the case of the NDVI index, is observed in 2002. Conclusion: According to the results and fluctuations in the values of climatic components, especially sudden changes in some years, signs of climate change can be observed in the region, but a definite opinion cannot be expressed regarding the trend of land use changes and climate changes. Examining the results shows that land use changes, especially in the agricultural sector, can be affected by climatic conditions. The dependence of climatic components on each other and the influence of soil moisture and vegetation on these components are other results of this study. So, with the increase in temperature, we see a decrease in the amount of humidity and the level of vegetation. The times when soil moisture is higher than in other years, due to the cooling role of evaporation, low temperature, and vegetation cover are favorable. As a result, there is a clear dependence between the different components and the change in one parameter affects the other parameters, but it seems that the temperature component plays a more colorful role than the other parameters. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Investigation of the relationship between net radiation flux and environmental characteristics and land surface coverage using satellite image (case study: south of Kerman province)
Seyed Karim afshari poor saeed Hamzeh saman nadizadeh shorabeh

The amount of earth's surface net radiation directly depend on surface temperature, land use, soil and topography. In the present study, Landsat8 satellite imagery is used to estimate net radiation flux. Then, with using systematic sampling at 500 m intervals, the value More

The amount of earth's surface net radiation directly depend on surface temperature, land use, soil and topography. In the present study, Landsat8 satellite imagery is used to estimate net radiation flux. Then, with using systematic sampling at 500 m intervals, the value of each surface layer for example The LST, NDVI, altitude, slope, aspect, soil type and land use at the sample points for analysis were extracted. Mono-Window algorithm has been used to extract LST. The results showed that there is a direct correlation between the increase in altitude and NDVI with net radiation flux. The linear correlation coefficients were also 0.68 and 0.19 respectively. There is also an inverse relationship with the linear correlation coefficient of 0.74 between net radiation flux and LST. And from survey the rate of net radiation flux in different geographical directions in the case study it was found that in the northwest with 637(w/m2) the highest net radiation flux and eastern orientation with 582.7 (w/m2) had the lowest rate of net radiation flux. The net radiation flux in these directions with the slope rate had a direct correlation with correlation coefficient 0.54. In addition, the rate of net radiation flux at water levels such as lake and reservoir dam with 817 (w/m2) has the highest rate of net radiation flux and saline lands with 509 (w/m2) of minimum net radiation flux. There is the highest and lowest rate of net radiation flux in inceptisols and badland areas, respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Determination of optimum level of land use and biological measures to reduce erosion and sediment (case study: watershed saqqezchi, ardebil province)
ابوالفضل معینی masoome najafi sani shiva mohammadian khorasani sepideh mofidi

Nowadays, Soil erosion is one of the largest problems of the world, particularly in Iran. side effects and dangersof this phenomenon within the watershed field is the main problem that affected the overall ecological balance ofthe basin. The main objective of this study More

Nowadays, Soil erosion is one of the largest problems of the world, particularly in Iran. side effects and dangersof this phenomenon within the watershed field is the main problem that affected the overall ecological balance ofthe basin. The main objective of this study was to determine the optimal level land use for reducing erosion andenhance stakeholders income at Saghezchi watershed is located in the Ardebil. For this aim, linear programmingmodel for three different options include current situation land uses, standard land use and standard conditionswith biological measures land use in accordance with scientific principles and criteria were used. The resultsshowed that the current land use level to reduce erosion and increase the income of residents is not suitable andin optimal conditions must be changed. in optimal conditions the garden lands level from 132.29 hectare to1902.83 hectare (1438.4 % increased), rangeland level without change, irrigated land surface from 319.94hectare to 57.6 (81.99% decrease) and rainfed cultivation is also from 1549 hectare to 40.8 hectare (97.36%decrease) was changed. In addition, the results showed that land use optimization in the current situation, Theratio of soil erosion and total profitability, 0.07% decrease and 7.7% increase respectively, at the standardconditions land use 3.72% decrease, 7.7% increase respectively and at the standard conditions with biologicalmeasures land use, The ratio of soil erosion and total profitability, 5.48% decrease and 30.65% is increasedrespectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Investigation the effect of land use changes on the quantity of water resources using remote sensing data and SWAT model (Case study: Maroon basin-southwest of Iran)
khosrow shafiei Jahangir porhemmat Hossien sedghi Majid Hosseni

The Correct management watersheds is one of the most important methods is the optimal use of soil and water resources. To do this, it’s need for comprehensive information of different methods administrative management. Recent decades, correct and timely assessment More

The Correct management watersheds is one of the most important methods is the optimal use of soil and water resources. To do this, it’s need for comprehensive information of different methods administrative management. Recent decades, correct and timely assessment of quantitative and qualitative runoff is considered one of the concerns of the country's macro management. This project is modeling and evaluation and efficiency of the SWAT model to simulate the monthly runoff, sensitivity analysis, optimization of critical parameters, to evaluate the effect land use during the past four decades on Quantity of Maroon River watershed at the departure station (Idanak) in Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad. For this purpose, were used from semi-distributed SWAT model and SUFI2 program in the form of bundles SWAT CUP for sensitivity analysis, calibration, validation and uncertainty analysis.In this research first were prepared changes in land use map available as well as soil and vegetation in the watershed Maroon map within four ten-year period from 1980 to 2010 by using TM and ETM sensor of Landsat satellite .Observations Data of hydrometric Idenak station as base station was used during 1970 to 2010 in four ten-year period to observe changes in runoff during the calibration and validation. Compare the effect of land use management options on the different components of the hydrological cycle shows different amounts of runoff. Shows a the pessimistic scenario occurred in four decades. With continuing damage to the state in land use regression various amounts of runoff increases and decreases permeability and gullies on the surface and deep aquifers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Prediction of the land use change using markov chain and cellular automata (case study: Roze Chay basin, Uremia)
Farrokh Asadzadeh Kamal Khosravi Aqdam Laleh Parviz Hassan Ramazanpour Nafiseh Yaghmaeian Mahabadi

Land use surveys and investigations are a prerequisite for the study of watersheds, because regional planning is dependent on the awareness about land use type and future changes. As a result, modeling and predicting of land use is essential for land planning and manage More

Land use surveys and investigations are a prerequisite for the study of watersheds, because regional planning is dependent on the awareness about land use type and future changes. As a result, modeling and predicting of land use is essential for land planning and management in the future of a country such as Iran, where land use is changing rapidly In this regard, in order to reveal the land use changes in the 15 years and modeling the changes for the next 20 years, the markovin transmission estimator was used with Landsat 7 and 8 Landsat satellite imagery data from the Roze Chay basin of urmia. Based on the controlled classification algorithm with the maximum probability of land use as seven classes of land uses in this watershed were seven garden, irrigated farming, dry farming, grass land, residential area, water and salt marsh with a mean Kappa coefficient of 0.88 and overall accuracy of 0.9 for 2000 and 2015 were extracted. The changes of 15 years showed that the variation of water dependent uses in the region decreased during the mentioned time period (percentage reduction in the area of agricultural crops and gardens, 32.51). The modeling of land use changes in the region with the markovin transmission estimator suggests that the use of gardens, arable and dry lands, villages and water resources will decrease, and the use of grass land and salt marsh will increase in the region (from 2020 to 2035 percent increase in area grass land 13.11 and the percentage of dry farming 17.56). The results indicate that soil and water resources are used improperly in the studied area, which requires comprehensive planning and management in the watershed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Land use management change in Marvdasht plain - Fars Province
Khatereh Nobaharan Shahla Mahmodi seyad ali abtahi

In Iran, there are many investigations about landuse change which usually mention negative side. In this research landuse/land cover change trend investigate with use of landsat image and Markov chain in IDRISI Andes V15 software at the period of 1990, 2004 and 2018, an More

In Iran, there are many investigations about landuse change which usually mention negative side. In this research landuse/land cover change trend investigate with use of landsat image and Markov chain in IDRISI Andes V15 software at the period of 1990, 2004 and 2018, and predicted changes for 2032 in Marvdasht region. There are about 196000 ha, equal to 91%, that used for cultivation, while range land, bare land and urban area are about 20000 ha, respectively 4.9, 2.7 and 1.6 percent of region area. In 28 years, from 1990 to 2018, agricultural and range lands decrease about 9%, while bare lands and urban area increased. At this period bare lands increased from 2.7% to 11.29% of the total region area. In general, the results of this study indicate that in the long-term, agricultural lands are declining and bare land is increasing, Hence immediate management plans are necessary to prevent the destruction of agricultural land. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Perlite effect on changes of splash erosion in three collected soil types with different land uses
Leila Gholami Armin Balvayeh Nabiyeh Karimi Fatemeh شکریان

Splash erosion as the first stage of the water erosion process, caused by the raindrops effect on soil surface. The amount of soil splash can change with change in characteristics of soil physical. The conservation from the surface soil cause the effect of raindrop ener More

Splash erosion as the first stage of the water erosion process, caused by the raindrops effect on soil surface. The amount of soil splash can change with change in characteristics of soil physical. The conservation from the surface soil cause the effect of raindrop energy reduces on the surface soil and thus the amount of sediment from the splash erosion process decrease. Therefore, present study was conducted to performance evaluation of perlite at levels of 25, 50 and 75%in rainfall intensity of 80mmh-1 on splash erosion in three soil types with landuse of forestry, rangeland and agricultural. Experiments were carried in laboratory conditions and scale of splash cups and then splash erosion measured in different perlite amounts and various landuses. The results showed that application of different perlite amounts in the various landuses reduced the total and net splash compared control treatment. The results also showed that the separate effect of various landuses and different perlite on total and net splash was significant at level of 99%and also the interaction effect different perlite amounts and various landuses on total splash was significant at 99%. Also, the landuses soil of rangeland and agriculture, the perlite with amount of 25%had the more effect on control of splash erosion toward two another amounts. This amount caused the reducing the total splash with rate of 55.27 and 57.48%, net splash with rate of 55.11 and 91.03%up slope splash with rate of 62.78 and 36.85%and down slope splash with rate of 55.23 and 66.72%. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - Modeling Soil Organic Matter Distribution Using Remote Sensing and Random Forest Model and Kriging in Lenjan County
Fatemeh Shiranitabar Mozhgan Ahmadi Nadoushan

10.30495/wsrcj.2022.66981.11297

Background and Aim: Soil is one of the most important natural resources that provides more than 97% of human food needs. Soil organic matter (SOM) is an important soil quality factor that greatly affects soil’s physical, chemical, and biological properties. Modeli More

Background and Aim: Soil is one of the most important natural resources that provides more than 97% of human food needs. Soil organic matter (SOM) is an important soil quality factor that greatly affects soil’s physical, chemical, and biological properties. Modeling and mapping of soil properties are critical in many environmental, climatic, ecological, and hydrological applications. The main objective of this study is to model the distribution of soil organic matter and organic carbon using satellite images and random forest and kriging models in Lenjan County.Method: In this study, digital maps of four main soil parameters including soil organic carbon, soil organic matter, electrical conductivity, and pH are prepared using random forest and Kriging methods in Lenjan County. Based on homogeneous land units, a total of 110 points in the study area are determined, and in these points, samples are taken from a depth of 0 to 30 cm of soil surface. Sampling is done in July 2021 and Sentinel-2 satellite images are acquired from the same month because better information is available this month due to fewer clouds and increased direct reflection from the soil surface. In addition, 16 environmental variables affecting the distribution of soil parameters are used. Various auxiliary variables such as NDVI, NDWI, DEM, and Slope are used for prediction, which are all directly or indirectly extracted from satellite images.Results: The maps obtained by the random forest method showed more accuracy than the kriging method. The zoning map prepared using the random forest method displays much more details than the map prepared by kriging method. The output of the random forest model with the combination of different auxiliary variables showed values equal to 0.312, 0.54, 0.73 and 0.16 of the modeling error for soil organic carbon, organic matter, electrical conductivity and pH, respectively. In the study area, the maximum values of soil organic carbon and organic matter were observed in urban areas and the highest values of electrical conductivity and pH were observed in agricultural lands. The most important variables affecting the spatial distribution of organic carbon and soil organic matter are clay, slope and silt. While in modeling electrical conductivity, silt BI and Aspect and in modeling pH, MNDWI, NDWI and DEM variables are recorded as more important than other variables.Conclusion: In general, this study demonstrates that land use regression models based on random forest method can help mapping soil parameters faster and more efficiently. There is a strong need for efficient and accurate methods, including land use regression, for continuous monitoring of changes in soil quality in different landscapes. Land use regression contributes developing advanced maps of soil quality parameters using cost-effective and accessible spatial information. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - Effect of Land Use Trends on the Amount of Agricultural Water Consumption in Urmia Lake Watershed in the Next 20 Years Using Markov Chain
Kiyoumars Roushangar Mohammad Taghi Aalami Hassan Golmohammadi

10.30495/wsrcj.2022.68546.11310

Background and Aim: Reducing the water level of Urmia Lake and its effects on the environment around the lake has been one of the important national and international issues and challenges in the last two decades. In accord with the studies, one of the critical factors More

Background and Aim: Reducing the water level of Urmia Lake and its effects on the environment around the lake has been one of the important national and international issues and challenges in the last two decades. In accord with the studies, one of the critical factors affecting this declining trend has been the rise in harvest, especially for agriculture. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to simulate the future status of water resources in the Urmia Lake basin, influenced by the area of agricultural land uses.Method:  For this purpose, Landsat satellite image data for the period 2000 to 2020 are firstly classified using the SVM algorithm in ENVI5.3 software and the classification accuracy is analyzed using the Kappa Coefficient algorithm.In the following, the statistics and information related to the change of cultivation pattern (from arable to garden) and water sources discharging Lake Urmia are calculated. In the next step, the simulation of land use changes for 2030 and 2040 is done using two LCM and CA-MARKOV methods. And finally, after determining the amount of changes in each land use, the amount of water required for agricultural affairs in the catchment is simulated using NETWAT model.Conclusion: The results show that the area of two uses, irrigated agriculture and garden will increase from 1450 and 395 square kilometers in 2000 to more than 3600 and 1650 square kilometers in 2040, respectively, This will increase the amount of water Needed or agriculture from 1,500 million cubic meters in 2000 to more than 4,100 million cubic meters in 2040.Results: From 2000 to 2020, water consumption in irrigated agriculture has increased by 1253.05 Km2; which according to Markov's prediction method, this amount will reach 2049.54 Km2 in 2040 that raises the amount of water consumption by 1 billion and 473 million cubic meters. The gardens land use has increased by 688.02 Km2 from 2000 to 2020, and according to Markov's prediction method, this amount will reach 1276.14 Km2 in 2040, which raises the amount of water consumption by 703 million cubic meters. From 2000 to 2020, 367.06 Km2 has been added to the drayland farming, which according to the prediction of Markov method, this amount will reach 531 Km2 in 2040, which soars the amount of water consumption by 253 MCM. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - The Effect of Changing Land Use of Almond Orchards in Saman Plain of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province to Agricultural Lands on Some Physical and Chemical Indicators of Soil Quality
Kkamran Parvanak

10.30495/wsrcj.2023.72921.11371

Background and Aim: In recent years, some farmers in the plains of Saman in the province of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari have changed the use of almond orchards in this area to agricultural land and pastures in order to provide food and fodder. Since these activities are m More

Background and Aim: In recent years, some farmers in the plains of Saman in the province of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari have changed the use of almond orchards in this area to agricultural land and pastures in order to provide food and fodder. Since these activities are mostly carried out without sufficient knowledge of the soil environment, there can be a serious threat to reduce soil quality. Therefore, studies on the effect of different managements on different soil characteristics and in the direction of a sustainable soil resource are very important. In this research, the effect of land use change in these areas on some physical and chemical indicators of soil quality was investigated.Methods:In order to investigate the effect of land use change on some physical and chemical indicators of the soil quality of three land use systems comprising a permanent almond orchard, permanent pasture and almond orchard converted to land were selected in the plain of Saman. 15 samples of soil (45 samples in total) were taken from 0 to 30 cm in the form of networks (30 x 30 meters) in each of the three land use systems considered. Some physical and chemical parameters of studied soil samples measured by standard methods.After collecting and saving data in Excel, a one-side analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on using the SPSS18 software and the comparison of the means was also carried out on the basis of the LSD test at a probability level of 1%.Results:The results of analysis of variance data showed that changing land use (changing of almond orchards to agricultural land) had significant effect on the indeces examined physical and chemical of at 0.01 level. The Land use change did not change the surface soil texture of the study areas. The soil texture of all three-study system was almost the same (clay loam inclined to sandy clay loam). According to the findings of the mean comparison, when almond orchards were converted to agricultural land, there was a significant reduction in total porosity, mean weighted diameter of soil aggregates (MWD), base infiltration rate, and soil organic carbon by 12%, 56%, 50%, and 54%, respectively. Conversely, there was a notable increase of 10%, 5%, 44%, and 18% in bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity, and soil lime percentage at a significance level of 0.01 (pr<0.01).In this study, substituting improved pasture plants with land grazed pasture significantly augmented the average of soil organic carbon, total porosity, solidity of soil aggregates (MWD) and base infiltration rate by 48%, 14%, 69%, and 40%, respectively, as compared to agricultural land at a significance level of 0.01 (pr<0.01). However, no significant difference was observed at a significance level of 0.01 (pr>0.01) between almond orchard and pasture land concerning the evaluated indicators.Conclusion:Overall, the parameters analyzed indicate that organic carbon, mean weighted diameter of soil aggregates (MWD), and bulk density are reliable indicators of soil quality in the study area. The average values of these indicators provide an optimal alternative for management and tillage practices in various land uses. Moreover, due to the delicate and vulnerable ecosystems of Saman Plain, it is recommended to avoid converting garden lands (such as almond orchards) into agricultural lands within the study area. This approach will help prevent soil erosion in one of the most sensitive areas of the country. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - Evaluation of the Hydrological Response of Kiwi Chai Catchment Area to Land Use Changes Using SWAT Model
Shirin Mahdavian Batool Zeynali Bromand Salahi

10.30495/wsrcj.2023.69367.11322

Introduction: Land use change has a direct impact on hydrological components and water resources and plays an important role in aggravating possible risks such as drought and floods. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effects of land use on water components s More

Introduction: Land use change has a direct impact on hydrological components and water resources and plays an important role in aggravating possible risks such as drought and floods. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effects of land use on water components such as runoff. Thus, in this study, the runoff condition of the Kiwi Chai Basin, one of the most important basins in Ardabil province, from an environmental point of view in terms of land use change is investigated using the SWAT model.Methods: ArcGIS 10.1, Envi 5.1, and Ecognition software are used for data processing, classification, and analysis. Also, the method based on radiative transfer models, such as FLAASH, is used as the best method for atmospheric correction. Multiresolution algorithm is applied for segmentation and the nearest neighbor algorithm is used for classification. Then, educational samples are collected from the area using field visits and Google Earth satellite images and used to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the classification. At the end, the Thematic change dynamic detection method is applied in Envi5 to identify the changes that have happened over the years. The SWAT hydrological model is additionally used to investigate the effect of land use changes on the basin's runoff. After extracting the effective parameters in the basin’s outlet, the model is calibrated and validated with SWAT-CUP software and SUFI-2 algorithm. Nash-Sutcliffe indices and coefficient of determination are used to evaluate the results of this stage.Results: In this research, after applying object-oriented land classification, land use map in seven classes of Rainfed agriculture, irrigated agriculture, garden, forest, residential, pasture and water are provided. In the land use map of the basin, pasture cover is the dominant land use class; however, a significant decrease from 1224.18 square kilometers to 1046.59 square kilometers has been observed between 1987 and 2019. The values obtained for R-Factor, P-Factor, R2, NS indicators in the calibration period are, respectively, for Abgarm station (0.53, 0.47,0.71,0.69) and for Firozabad station (0.32,0.3,0.67,0.64) and in the validation period, for Abgram station (0.09,0,0.62,0.56) and for Firozabad station (0.13,0,0.53,0.51), respectively. Based on this, the results obtained in the calibration and validation stage are evaluated as acceptable. The evaluation of the SWAT model's response to land use also shows that, on an annual scale, the amount of flow in Firozabad station has decreases from 3.08 to 2.81 cubic meters per second -8,77percent) and in Abgarm station from 1.11 to 0.96 cubic meters per second (-13.51), which can be attributed to changes in land use, especially the change in the use of pastures and its conversion to rainfed agriculture, gardens, and forests.Conclusion: The trend of land use changes in the basin between 1987 and 2019 has been accompanied by a decreasing trend in rainfed, pasture and water uses and an increasing trend in irrigated agriculture, garden, forest, and residential uses. The high value of the fit of the indicators used in the evaluation of the model indicates that the model has a good capability in simulating the runoff of the basin. Moreover, the model implemented for different land uses illustrates that the flow of the basin in both hydrometric stations in most of the months increase in the short term and decrease in the long term average with the land use change. Continuous land use change is becoming a serious threat to watersheds. Land use change should be controlled in catchment areas, and measures should be taken to stabilize land use change.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - Effect of land abandonment on variation of soil water infiltration parameters
Amir Masoud Ghaiumi Mohamadi Shoja Ghorbani Dashtaki Faez Raiesi Pezhman Tahmasbi

Infiltration parameters are the most important indicators of soil quality. Soil water infiltration is one of the key properties for designing irrigation systems, hydrological studies, water resources management, drainage projects and soil conservation practices in water More

Infiltration parameters are the most important indicators of soil quality. Soil water infiltration is one of the key properties for designing irrigation systems, hydrological studies, water resources management, drainage projects and soil conservation practices in watershed scale. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of land abandonment on infiltration parameters in semi-stepped rangelands located in Karsanak, Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari province, Iran. For this purpose, five types of land uses including pasture, agriculture, 3-5, 10-15 and 25 years-long abandonment were selected and the infiltrated water was measured in six replicates by tension infiltrometer apparatus. The results indicated that land use changing led to reduce soil organic matters, soil aggregate stability, soil pores connectivity and to disarranging soil natural pores. Consequently, the negative and significant effect of land use changing on parameters of water infiltration was deduced. Average saturated hydraulic conductivity in pastures (7.4 mm/h) was almost twice of that for agricultural land use (4.4 mm/h). In addition, the sorptivity experienced 30 percent reductions in agricultural lands compared to pastures. However, because of the land abandonment i.e. restoration of vegetation and macro aggregate formation and increasing aggregates stability, the infiltration process was improved such that saturated hydraulic conductivity of the 25 years-long abandonment improved from 4.38 to 6.09 mm/h. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

35 - The Use of Remote Sensing and Detecting Changes in the Evaluation of Vegetation (Case Study: Maleh Galle (Mleh Galle) Protected Area)
Gholam Reza Sabzghabaei Mohammad Javad Ehsandoost Seyedeh Soolmaz Dashti Atefeh Mir Fariba Hedayatzadeh

10.22034/jest.2021.20134.2917

Background and Objective: Remote sensing techniques due to their specific features in providing rapid and inexpensive basic information is very important. Remote sensing is used these days in the important issues like making maps of the regions and the right decision ma More

Background and Objective: Remote sensing techniques due to their specific features in providing rapid and inexpensive basic information is very important. Remote sensing is used these days in the important issues like making maps of the regions and the right decision making. The aim of this study was to changes detection in vegetation of Maleh Galle protected area. Material and Methodology: In this study, satellite images of Landsat 7 ETM+, 2000 and 2010 were used and the vegetation changes using TerrSet software were considered regardless of the gardens and agricultural lands of the of, Maleh Galle protected area. In this study, after the preparation of Landsat ETM+ images for years 2000 and 2010 and necessary geometric corrections on them, for extract the parameters of vegetation cover, the original map was derived from processing images. Then, taking into account the classified land use map and map of NDVI index and keeping in mind the maximum likelihood parameter, ground truth map was prepared for the two years 2000 and 2010. Finally with two images difference method, the rate and the changes relation to each other investigated.     Findings: The quantity changes between the years of 2000 and 2010 were examined and it was found that within 10 years, the level of protective vegetation cover has been increased from 5278/5 hectares to 2521/25 hectares. With the Difference method between final maps, it was found that the density of vegetation area has been reduced to 181/17 hectares. 3417/48 hectares of Vegetation area remained unchanged and 21739/59 hectares of vegetation area has been grown. Discussion and Conclusion: Results showed that satellite images equipped with Landsat ETM+ has sufficient capabilities to extract vegetation cover, particularly vegetation of forest areas. In this nearly ten-year period, when the area was included in the list of protected areas in Iran, by 2010, the protected vegetation of region has been increased.                          Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

36 - Preparation of Land Use Map Using ETM+ Landsat (A Case Study in Hendodar Watershed)
Rezvan davodpour Hamid Toranjzar

10.22034/jest.2020.5723.1481

Background and Objective: High population growth rate has led to excessive use of capacity and double pressure on natural resources, resulting in rapid land use changes. Therefore, quick and accurate identification of types of land cover can play an effective role in pl More

Background and Objective: High population growth rate has led to excessive use of capacity and double pressure on natural resources, resulting in rapid land use changes. Therefore, quick and accurate identification of types of land cover can play an effective role in planning and management. Satellite data because of vast and integrated sight covering with different electromagnetic spectrums and updated images are very suitable for making applicable Land use maps. The aim of this study is preparation of land use map using ETM+ landsat (a Case Study in Hendodar Watershed) Method: The Landsat 7 satellite images were used to determine the land use changes of Hendodar watershed in Markazi province. The GPS was used to determine the position of land use and land cover types on the basis of taking test and ground control points on field investigation. Obtained samples were used for supervised classification with four different algorithms including maximum Likelihood, minimum distance, Minimum Mahalanobis Distance and Box Classification.  Findings: The optimum index factor (OIF) for the main bands and PCA (principal coordinate analysis) were used to select the optimum combination of three bands in a satellite image to create a color composite, sample set and other operation and classification. Among the algorithms, the maximum likelihood classification algorithm had better results from the types of coverage and lands use on the images.  Discussion and Conclusion: The maximum likelihood classification algorithm with combination of b7, b4, b1 bands with 81.25% accuracy is the best algorithms of land use determination and classification comparing with real ground map of the area. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

37 - Assessment of Land Changes in Tajan River Watershed with Emphasis on Landscape Metrics
Fatemeh Rajaei Abbas Esmaili Sari Abdolrassoul Salmanmahiny Majid Delavar Ali Reza Massah Bavani

10.30495/jest.2018.16325.2477

Introduction: Land cover and its configuration in the landscape are crucial components in the provision of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Hyrcanian forests have a long history (arising in the Jurassic Period) and are among the world's most valuable forests; the de More

Introduction: Land cover and its configuration in the landscape are crucial components in the provision of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Hyrcanian forests have a long history (arising in the Jurassic Period) and are among the world's most valuable forests; the decline in the Hyrcanian forests is one of the most serious problems of recent years. Material & Method: This study aims at comparing multi-temporal land use and landscape pattern analysis using satellite images from 1984, 2001 and 2010. Land use and spatial structures were predicted for future time horizons in the Tajan Watershed by land change modeler (LCM). Also, the landscape patterns were calculated by FRAGSTATS 4.2. Result & Discussion: The results show that forest was the dominant land cover (72% of area in 1984 and 46% in 2040) in the study area. The total area of forest was 8/4 times higher than the agriculture land cover in 1984 and 1.8 times in 2040. The Largest patch Index (LPI) shows forest lands as dominant cover in the whole period. Also proximity index (PROX) in agriculture and pasture land use increase during 1984 to 2040. The Edge density (ED) will increase in the future for three land uses. The edge density will increase at forest land use from 2010 to 2040. An informed vision on past, present and future forest area dynamics may help guide and prioritize international decisions aimed at reducing forest loss. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

38 - Investigating the transmission potential of land use and land cover using Similarity Weighted Instance based Learning, Logistic regression and Geomod methods (Case study: Bastam basin, Selseleh city)
soheila naseri rad Hamed Naghavi Javad Soosani seyed ahmadreza nouredini sasan vafaei

10.22034/jest.2019.44248.4663

Background and Objective: Assessing and estimating the high-accuracy transmission potential is an important step in the process of land use and land cover changes modeling and predicting. The aim of this study is to investigate the transmission potential of land use and More

Background and Objective: Assessing and estimating the high-accuracy transmission potential is an important step in the process of land use and land cover changes modeling and predicting. The aim of this study is to investigate the transmission potential of land use and land cover changes using Similarity Weighted Instance based Learning, Logistic regression and Geomod methods. Method: The land use and land cover maps for a 30-year period (1985-2015) were prepared using Landsat 5 and 8 satellite imagery. Land use and land cover transmission potential modeling was done using Similarity Weighted Instance based Learning, Logistic regression and Geomod methods and effective variables in the process of change. The accuracy of the results obtained from the models was determined by comparing with ground reality map for mentioned year. Findings: The Kappa coefficient of Similarity Weighted Instance based Learning, Logistic regression and Geomod were 0.84, 0.76 and 0.67, respectively. The investigating predicted maps for 2030 prepared by Similarity Weighted Instance based Learning and Markov chain showed that the area of residential areas, gardens and agricultural lands is increasing and the area of bare land, forests, pastures and water resources will have a decrease trend. Discussion and Conclusion: Finally, the results indicate a relatively high accuracy of three methods in estimating the transmission potential for land use and land cover changes, but according to the kappa coefficients, the accuracy of Similarity Weighted Instance based Learning method more than the other two methods. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

39 - Investigating the Quantitative Trend of Land Changes in Kermanshah Province (Case Study: Gharesou and Mereg Watershed (in years 1984, 2000, and 2016))
Fatemeh Mardani Yaghouti Mehrdad Khanmohammadi Peyman Karami

10.22034/jest.2018.28911.3762

Background and Objectives:  Human activities change land cover at unprecedented speeds and large spatial scales. The rapid changes in ecosystems in recent decades have been more along all the human history and have led to unprecedented changes in ecosystems and env More

Background and Objectives:  Human activities change land cover at unprecedented speeds and large spatial scales. The rapid changes in ecosystems in recent decades have been more along all the human history and have led to unprecedented changes in ecosystems and environmental performance at local, regional and global scales. This research aims to investigate the process of landscape quantitative changes in Gharesou and Mereg watersheds. Investigation method: For monitoring changes, Landsat satellite imagery of 1984 (TM), 2000 (ETM+) and 2016 (OLI-TIRS) were used. The classification was performed using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model. Land cover was classified into seven categories. Metrics PLAND, NP (Number of Patch), PD (Patch Density), and ED (Edge Density) at the Level of Class, NP, LPI (Largest Patch Index), CONTAG (Contagion), and SHDI (Shannon's diversity index) were calculated at the level of Landscape for the study area. Results: The results indicate that the highest percentage of the land cover belongs to agricultural lands and then medium rangelands. The numbers of patches of agricultural land in the period of 1984-2004 has increased due to the conversion of rangelands to agricultural lands and then between years 2000-2016 have decreased due to the conversion to medium ranges with a lesser rate. The number of forest patches in the first period has decreased because of conversion to medium rangelands and increased during the second period. Conclusion: The study of the landscape metrics indicates the increase in continuity, the reduction of fragmentation and diversity in the first time period, and in contrast, in the second time period, continuity has decreased and fragmentation and diversity have increased. Given the fact that the process of landscape changes varies over two different periods, it can generally be noted that the fragmentation and diversity of the landscape have declined and the spatial continuity has increased. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

40 - The effect of climate change on land usage and agricultural sector performance in Mazandaran province
Alireza Keikha Ahmad Khanlary Ahmad Ali Keikha Mahmood Sabouhi

10.22034/jest.2019.7770.1642

Background and Objective: Climate change is today's problem and tomorrow's crisis. In this study, the effect of climate change on selected products and land usage was investigated in four regions in Mazandaran province. Method: Firstly, time series variables of tempera More

Background and Objective: Climate change is today's problem and tomorrow's crisis. In this study, the effect of climate change on selected products and land usage was investigated in four regions in Mazandaran province. Method: Firstly, time series variables of temperature and rainfall were examined during 1981-2012. Also we study the effect of annual mean temperature and rainfall, as the proxies of climate change, on the performance of under-cultivation wheat, barley and rice farms by using regression analysis from 1981 to2012. In the next step, the scenario effect of increasing 1-degree temperature and deceasing 1-mm precipitation on land usage and performance of agricultural crops were analyzed using regression analysis and considering them in Positive Math Programming model (PMP). Findings: The results of regression analysis showed that there was a noticeable temperature increase and rainfall decrease. In addition, they showed that climate change has a significant effect on wheat, barley and rice performance. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of PMP model analysis showed a change in land use to increase rice and barley cultivation. The findings show that the climate change effect is not necessarily negative on all crops, so we can pay attention to the positive effects as well and utilize them in optimum exploitation of resources and the region's facilities.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

41 - Investigating Capability and Evaluation of Spatial Temporal Variations in Yasuj in Urban Development
Arezoo salamatnia seyed Ali jozi Saeed Malmasi roya nezakati mojgan zaeimdar

10.22034/jest.2021.31370.3968

Sustainable development is a kind of development that responds to the needs of the present generation, without threatening the future generation's capabilities in meeting their needs. So one of the most important steps to achieve sustainable development is to carry out More

Sustainable development is a kind of development that responds to the needs of the present generation, without threatening the future generation's capabilities in meeting their needs. So one of the most important steps to achieve sustainable development is to carry out various environmental studies before implementing any development plan. Background and Purpose: In this study, with the aim of investigating capability and evaluation of spatial temporal variations in Yasuj, efforts have been made to implement weighted Linear Combination Technique in order to predict the capability of the region for urban development. Also satellite images were used to investigate the spatial temporal variation in Yasuj city. Analysis method: In order to investigate the amount of power and evaluation of temporal and spatial variation in urban development, the criteria and sub-criteria were determined based on experts' opinions and previous researches. Then the AHP technique assisted by 30 faculty members and experts was employed to paired comparison dimensions and criteria. After the paired comparison, the information layers were standardized in the Idrisi environment and in the GIS environment. Then the layers were combined to determine the land suitability for Urban development. Afterwards, in order to study the time-shift changes of land use in Yasuj city in the three periods of 1986, 2001, and 2016, Landsat satellite images, TM, ETM + and OLI sensors, which were prepared in the Envi 5.1 software environment, were used. Findings: Based on the land use change trends in the Yasuj area, residential or urban areas have undergone extensive changes that affected environment uses including forests, grassland, agriculture and aquatic structures. The forest, located inside and around the city of Yasuj, provides a lot of ecosystem services for the area, which by city development, these services have been reduced both quantitatively and qualitatively, which should be considered. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this study can be used as a model for selecting suitable locations for urban development with respect to environmental considerations and results of this work shown that studies based on spatial data, especially on human settlements (due to their inherent nature) can be the basis for accurate planning. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

42 - Monitoring Land Use Change Emphasizing Physical Urban Development of Tehran, Using Remote Sensing and GIS
fatemeh bokaeain Aliakbar Shamsipour Marzieh Alikhah Asl

10.30495/jest.2020.10913

Background and Objective: Surveying urban land use and cover and process of its changes is one of the important subjects and challenges in land management field and urban sustainable development. Physical development of cities and spreading its range is one of the impor More

Background and Objective: Surveying urban land use and cover and process of its changes is one of the important subjects and challenges in land management field and urban sustainable development. Physical development of cities and spreading its range is one of the important factors in urban land use changes which have variety environmental, economic and social impacts. In several past decades, Tehran city has been encountered with urban growth and development and several around towns that the subject has caused variety changes in urban lands of Tehran and around area. Surveying and analyzing urban land changes in Tehran city could be useful in land use planning. In this research Tehran land use changes in the past few decades have been examined.Method: In this research, the changes are surveyed and detected by satellite images of 7 bands TM sensor of Landsat satellite from 1988 to 2010 and three time period 1988, 2000 and 2010. For this purpose, the images from TM sensor of satellite images related Tehran and around area have been used. Before preprocess states, the images have been classified based on urban lands classes including urban, agriculture, water, jungle, rangeland and bare land in ENVI software and analyzed based on image difference and comparing post classification methods.Results:  Results show that in the period, urban lands has grown gradually and constantly and bare land also is increasing in a very low scale. Also rangeland has been decreased in past decade, but agriculture lands, in spite of decreasing than 1988, are faced increasing since 2000.Conclusion: In generally, because of developing industrial, military and tourism activities in around of the city, area of rangeland and agricultural lands is decreased and city area is increased which has different environmental and cultural impacts (mainly as negative impacts) in circumstance of the city. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

43 - Studying the Effects of Rangeland Conversion to Agricultural on the Chemical and Physical Soil Properties (Case study: Gonbad Area, Hamadan Province)
Davoud Akhzari Sajjad Ahmadi

10.22034/jest.2019.32372.4032

Background and Objective: Destruction of land due to land use change in arid and semi-arid areas has endangered sustainable land use. This research was carried out to investigate the effect of rangeland use change to agriculture and study the physical-chemical propertie More

Background and Objective: Destruction of land due to land use change in arid and semi-arid areas has endangered sustainable land use. This research was carried out to investigate the effect of rangeland use change to agriculture and study the physical-chemical properties of soil in Gonbad area of Hamedan province. Method: In this study, 6 soil samples were prepared from soil surface according to the type of land use change. After removing soil samples and preparing samples, some physicochemical properties of soil including Acidity, Electrical Conductivity, Silt, Clay, Gravel, Nitrogen, Potassium, Sodium, Organic Matter, Calcium and Magnesium were measured. In this research, Soil Texture was determined by hydrometric boiling, Acidity and Electrical Conductivity, using pH meter and EC meter, Organic Oatter using Walkley-Black, Calcium and Magnesium by titration, Sodium and Potassium using flame photometer and Nitrogen were measured by Kjeldahl method. Findings: After analyzing, it was determined that the change in the use of rangeland to agriculture caused a significant decrease in Acidity and Potassium at 5% and Organic Matter at 1% level. Average Nitrogen content in agricultural was 0.18% and in rangeland was 0.9% (p<0.01). There was no significant difference in Soil Texture components, Electrical Conductivity, Sodium, Calcium and Magnesium with land use change. The amounts of Silt, Sodium, Calcium and Magnesium in rangelands were more than agriculture area. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the land use change causes changes in the chemical and physical properties of the soil. One of the most important changes was soil texture alteration caused by selective soil erosion.The results of this research showed the necessity of paying more attention to the development of land management and land use planning programs according to the capabilities of the studied area. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

44 - Ecotourism Carrying Capacity Evaluation with Emphasis on Sustainable Development in Bisheh Waterfall as a Geotourism Area
Farzaneh Behrad Mehrdad Hadipour Morteza Naderi Azadeh Kazemi

10.22034/jest.2018.12900.2136

Introduction: Capacity assessment of natural areas in different directions is one of the tools to achieve sustainable development, to reduce pressure on ecosystems and to prevent their destruction. One of the most effective uses of natural ecosystems is circulation, whi More

Introduction: Capacity assessment of natural areas in different directions is one of the tools to achieve sustainable development, to reduce pressure on ecosystems and to prevent their destruction. One of the most effective uses of natural ecosystems is circulation, which can have negative effects on natural ecosystems if not planned and planned. In this regard, determining the capacity of the recreation can mitigate to some extent these effects. Because of the nature of the study area where is mountainous, Lorestan waterfall is one of the most fragile natural areas which needs planning to manage the influx of tourists into the area can be effective in protecting the sensitive resources of this ecosystem. Material & Methods: In this study, environmental units of the region were initially formed based on important factors such as the extent and area needed for circulation activities, climate variables such as hot days, stormy and rainy days, as well as topographical variables such as slope, elevation. And geographical directions, first the physical carrier capacity was calculated and then the actual board capacity was calculated. Results: The results showed that the physical board capacity for eligible zones is 1246792 persons and the actual board capacity for suitable zones is 1664 persons per day. Discussion and conclusion: The results obtained for the range of regionally susceptible regions of the grove yielded two types of range, namely physical and real for the development of tourism. Comparison of the calculated quantities shows that considering the ecological constraints in the bush area including altitude, soil depth, vegetation cover and determined parent rock strength, the physical board capacity in areas prone to tourism development is up to 80%. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

45 - Optimization of future land use changes using CLUE-s model in the Ramian Township
Majid Mohammady Jafar Dastorani

10.22034/jest.2018.18459.2721

Background and Objective: land use changes and conversion of natural resources to agricultural and residential area is an important problem in many countries. Land use change is an essential determinant factor in hydrological processes and is known as an affecting facto More

Background and Objective: land use changes and conversion of natural resources to agricultural and residential area is an important problem in many countries. Land use change is an essential determinant factor in hydrological processes and is known as an affecting factor on hydrological parameters such as runoff volume, flood frequency, base flow, subsurface and surface flow. Regard to importance of land use many models was presented to simulate land use changes. The main objective of this research was to simulate the land use changes of Ramian Township for future as a case study site.   Material and Methodology: The main objective of this research was to simulate the land use changes of Ramian Township as a case study site. At first, land use maps related to years of 2000 and 2012 were prepared using remote sensing techniques and Landsat images, and then CLUE-s model was applied to simulate land use map of 2030 and create scenarios. Four scenarios were designed using CLUE-s model and define some limitation of land use change. Discussion & Conclusion:  the results showed that the main land use change in Ramian Township was the conversion of forest and rangeland areas to agriculture and residential land. 18.07 km2 of forest and range were converted to agriculture and residential area. Of course in the designed scenarios conversion of this land use types were limited at the specific locations. Land use simulation and scenario design can be very useful for programmers and natural resources managers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

46 - The Effects of Constructing and Exploiting Karkheh Storage Dam on the Land Uses and Quality of Regional Water
Shahla Kaabzadeh Jamal Ghodousi Reza Arjmandi Nematollah Jaafarzadeh Haghighifard

10.30495/jest.2021.32943.4101

Background and Objective: One of the most important outcomes of dam construction is changing land use and investigating its effect on changing water quality and disturbing ecosystem balance of rivers in dam`s downstream.this study was conducted in the downstream watersh More

Background and Objective: One of the most important outcomes of dam construction is changing land use and investigating its effect on changing water quality and disturbing ecosystem balance of rivers in dam`s downstream.this study was conducted in the downstream watershed of the Karkheh dam locating in the south-west of Iran to analyze influences of land use change resulting of construction of Karkheh dam on water quality of Karkheh river as one of the indicators for destruction of ecosystem balance of the study river.Method: In order to conduct the study periodical Land Sat TM and ETM+ images were used to assess land use change before and after construction of the dam. Comparative water quality data collected. Hydrometric station was also used to analyze possible existence of correlation and relationship between land use and water quality changes.Findings: Results of the study indicated that there is a significant correlation between land use change and water quality of the river in the low land of the Karkheh dam at confidence level of 95 and 99 per cent(p-value=0.05 and 0.01) Application of regression models to formulate relationships between area of different types of land use and amount of each one of the observed parameters of water quality indicated that increase in area of irrigated land  due to the providing water is the main factor that tended to deterioration of water quality of rive trench in downstream of the Kharkheh Dam. While allowcated land for irrigated land in the study area is about 76%.Discussion and Conclusion: This study indicated that the allowed area allocated to irrigated agriculture was 46% of total basin of Karkheh dam`s downstream. Therefore, increasing irrigated agriculture use was the main reason for reducing the quality of river`s water. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

47 - Investigation of the Relationship Between Soil Salinity Trend, Land Use and Climatic Factors Change (Case Study: Shadegan, Khuzestan)
Donya Amini Mohsen Tavakoli Marzban faramarzi

10.22034/jest.2021.21834.3089

Background and Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between trend of soil salinity, land use and climatic factors in the region of Shadegan, Khuzestan. Method: In this study, using principal component analysis and 54 samples of soil, s More

Background and Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between trend of soil salinity, land use and climatic factors in the region of Shadegan, Khuzestan. Method: In this study, using principal component analysis and 54 samples of soil, soil salinity maps were prepared for the years 1990, 2006 and 2015. In the next step, land use maps of the region for the mentioned years have been prepared using satellite images and trend changes are determined. On the other hand, changes in climatic factors (temperature and precipitation) for the period of 1990-2015 were evaluated. Findings: Results showed that, reducing precipitation and increasing temperature caused increasing soil salinity during 25 years and also agricultural land and irrigation by saline water increases the salinity of the soil. Discussion and conclusion: Locating Hoor al-Azim wetland in the western part of the region, although it has fresh, brackish and saline water, it may have negative effects on soil salinity of the area because of using in agriculture irrigation. Finally, it can be concluded that soil salinity of the land might change land use and it can cause desertification in the region. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

48 - Investigation of Land Use Change Using Landscape Ecology Approach (Case study: Zagros Dam Basin in Gilan Gharb)
Parisa Pirouzinejad maryam morovati Nooshin Pirouzinejad

Background and Objective: The Zagros Dam watershed in Kermanshah Province is enclosed by the cities of Dalaho, Sarpol Zahab, Islamabad Gharb and Gilan Gharb and has experienced drastic land use changes in the last decade. The aim of the study was to investigate the chan More

Background and Objective: The Zagros Dam watershed in Kermanshah Province is enclosed by the cities of Dalaho, Sarpol Zahab, Islamabad Gharb and Gilan Gharb and has experienced drastic land use changes in the last decade. The aim of the study was to investigate the changes in land use using land surface ecology measures, due to the change in Zagros oak forests and data provision, lack of agricultural land, soil erosion and flooding in the area. Material and Methodology: Landsat 8 satellite images from 2010 and 2020 were used in this study. After the necessary image pre-processing, educational patterns were identified using false-colour imagery (FCC) and vegetation index (NDVI). Classification was done using 730 training points from agricultural, forest, pasture and residential areas using Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Maximum Likelihood Theory. Land surface measurements were used at two levels of class and landscape, and the changes that occurred in the landscape were quantified. After calculating the changes using the Markov chain, the potential of changes between different land uses was obtained for the year 2030. Findings: ¬ According to the results, the area of agricultural land use in 2010 was 23,933.43 hectares, which increased to 25,344.09 hectares in 2020, indicating the dominance of this land use in the changes that occurred. Forest and pasture land use showed a decreasing trend. Field measurements of the land surface also revealed significant changes in the class level and the landscape. The entropy metric of disorder and disturbance at the boundary of natural land uses such as forest and pasture showed an increasing trend from 2010 to 2020. The measure of the number of patches (NP) and the measure of continuity (CONTAG) showed that the changes that occurred in the area of the Zagros Dam were towards the fragmentation of the landscape and also towards the reduction of its continuity. Discussion and Conclusion: The future trend of land use change will be towards the predominance of agricultural land use and the reduction of natural land use, so it is necessary for the relevant executive bodies to have more control over the destruction of natural land at the edge of agricultural land. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

49 - 1
جلال عبداللهی محمدحسن رحیمیان کاظم دشتکیان مهدی شادان

1

1 Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

50 - Assessment of Environmental Management and Land Use Planning in the Airport Surrounding Areas (Case Study: Mehrabad Airport)
Akramalmolok Lahijanian Mahshid Mohammadi

10.30495/jest.2018.13777

Abstract Background and Objective: Airports are the most basic parts of air transport system, and presence of new generation of modern aircrafts, rapid growth of traffic volume and demand for air travel, and adoption of coherent and precise rules and regulations for var More

Abstract Background and Objective: Airports are the most basic parts of air transport system, and presence of new generation of modern aircrafts, rapid growth of traffic volume and demand for air travel, and adoption of coherent and precise rules and regulations for various stages of flight operations have made the airport a complex and dynamic system. The aim of this study is to perform management and land use planning using an environmental approach at Mehrabad Airport. The first hypothesis is that the airport surrounding areas are related to flight safety. The second hypothesis is that the use of the airport surronding areas is related to environmental protection, and the third hypothesis is that land management and planning affect the comfort and security of the people residing in the airport surrounding area. Method: The study was carried out through investigation of the study area using Arc GIS 9.3 software to produce geographic position maps of the area, land use areas, and communication networks. Then, by adjusting and distributing the questionnaire, the effective factors on land use management were assessed and the strengths and weaknesses of the strategic management method were identified. The questionnaires were analyzed by correlation analysis using the SPPS19 software. Findings: The findings of the first hypothesis suggest that there is a meaningful and direct relationship between the parameters of "the airport surrounding area" and "flight security". In the second hypothesis, there is a meaningful and inverse relationship between the factors "how to use the airport surrounding area" and "environmental protection". The third hypothesis indicated the meaningful and direct relationship between the variables of "land management and planning" and "comfort and security of the people residing in the airport surrounding area". Discussion and Conclusion: Results of the analysis show that among the respondents, most of the pilots (90.5%) believe that there is a strong relationship between the the airport surrounding areas and the flight safety. Only 4.8% believed that this relationship was insignificant. In contrast, 4.8% of the remaining respondants also reported this connection to be very much. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

51 - 12
Nahid Sheikhan

12

12 Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

52 - Investigation of Cover/Land Use Structure of Sefidrod Watershed by Landscape Ecology Metrics
Vahed Kiyani Jahangir Feghhi

Introduction: Awareness of the types of land cover and human activities as a data base of planning isimportant, which for optimum use of natural resources in sustainable development way to aware ofecological resources in limited time and minimum cost needed. The aim of More

Introduction: Awareness of the types of land cover and human activities as a data base of planning isimportant, which for optimum use of natural resources in sustainable development way to aware ofecological resources in limited time and minimum cost needed. The aim of this study has beenInvestigation of Cover/Land Use Structure of Sefidrood Watershed by Landscape Ecology Metrics.Material and method: In this study cover/land use maps of watershed with the goal Sefidrood paperusing Arc GIS 9.2 software maps the desired category and eventually became relevant measures usingsoftware Fragstat 3.3 were extracted. Measures used in the grade level (the user) in this studymeasures grade level, percentage area, the number of spots, total margin, shape, Land, the largestspots, the average level of spot, average spot shape index and mean nearest neighbor distances wereEuclidean.Results: Index numbers to measure tear stains classes used in this study, the largest number of spotsand tear, ie the most agriculture-related classes (691) and the lowest dissociation related to the forestclass (30), respectively. The highest rating land to grassland class (39/56) had the spots are moredispersed than classes and the lowest to the forest class (10/78) and in the forest of stain lessdispersion of have. The highest mean Euclidean nearest neighbor distance of the amount of disruptionpieces spots shows a class related to the agricultural class (6747/32 m) and the lowest value was to theforest class (908/32).Conclusion: User disruption in agriculture is the highest amount of fragmentation can therefore beconcluded their relationship with their collection has been discontinued and the notion that this isagricultural land have less integrity (fragmented more disruption) than other classes. The use ofrenewable resources should be a way that do not cause disturbs the balance of the environment, becusethe change in resources due to changes in ecological structure and function of Landscape is impressivein the area. However, applying principles of landscape ecology gives an initial assessment in thelandcape ecological scale that on the way for rapid assessment and scientific use and emphasizedservices of the nature, The prioritization each of the pathes is based on their quality. So suggestedutilization princpel of landscape ecology to provide structural information to design and landuseplanning. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

53 - Land use change detection using remote sensing and GIS (Case study: Qhaemshahr city)
Gholam Reza Sabzghabaei Kaveh Jafarzadeh Seyedeh Soolmaz Dashti Shaharam Yousefi Khanghah Mojgan Bazmara Baleshti

10.22034/jest.2017.11075

Background and Objective: One of the main issues in regional planning and development is land use change by human activities. Considering the benefits and potentials of satellite data, we can use remote sensing to extract and find this changes. Method: In this study, l More

Background and Objective: One of the main issues in regional planning and development is land use change by human activities. Considering the benefits and potentials of satellite data, we can use remote sensing to extract and find this changes. Method: In this study, land use changes of Qhaemshahr in a 15 years term has been detected. In this study, ETM+ images of 1999 and OLI images of 2014 of Landsat satellite has been used. After pre-processing via super wised classification, land use map has been extracted. Findings: Finally 5 land use types has been identified in this region. The kappa coefficient and the overall accuracy was 98.4 % and 0.97 % for ETM+ results and 99.67% and 0.97% for OLI results sequentially. The results showed that agricultural lands, forest, water covered areas has been converted to building zone and garden. The Results showed that 27.26% increase in garden regions, and 45.32 % decrease in agricultural zones during 15 years, also Forest lands and water covered decreased and building zones increased during 15 years. Discussion and Conclusion: The results confirm that satellite information for extracting land use maps and detecting land use changes is an effective method for planning the natural resources management. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

54 - Land Use Assessment on Gomishan Plain (With Emphasis On Soil Characteristics)
Azita Mehrani Borhan Riazi Seyed Akbar Javadi Khosro Shahidi Hamedani

Introduction: As we know ecological condition in terms of drought, lack of precipitation, salinity of soil and water level restricted restoration to life of plant layer, so selection the best managerial procedure is very important while in order to provide vegetation al More

Introduction: As we know ecological condition in terms of drought, lack of precipitation, salinity of soil and water level restricted restoration to life of plant layer, so selection the best managerial procedure is very important while in order to provide vegetation also has the capability to decrease the soil erosion .All of all this research concerning to one of the unique ecosystem zone salinity, high water level which due to several years ago, as a result of the overload grazing of animals cause destruction the power of generation, finally to intensify the soil erosion of the region. Materials and methods: For the purpose of investigation about the role of land use and its effects on soil surface two areas included of farmland   and   rangeland closest to the area which has fenced for 21 years.For measuring physical specification (texture and structure) and also chemical specification (nitrogen, PH, EC, organic material), Taking sample of soil from each of these zones is done. Sampling method for this matter is in according to the procedure  that consists of taking 3 transect with 100(meters) long in each zone and in along each transect taking 3 sample up to 15 (centimeter) deep by using spade.In order to measuring the amount of permeability of the soil in each zone (exclusion, rangeland, dryland farming) in 3 times and in all of these 3 situation.Altogether, 9 experiments are done. Results: The result of these experiments indicates that exploitation in form of rangeland and dryland farming has not meaningful effect on the soil texture, but the compressibility of soil surface increased. Consequently there was not any effect on the nitrogen and organic material of the soil.Land use in form of dryland farming increase EC factor of soil and in form of rangeland has no any meaningful effect on EC. The result of soil permeability experiment shows averagely, soil permeability in exclusion area approximately 10 times to the rangeland and 9 times to the dryland farming. Results and Discussion: With regard to the dangerous of desertification in this zone, it should be hesitate to exploitation in any form of land use (farming and pasture). In view of successful of researching exclusion, salinity decreases and increasing in soil permeability, exclusion should be considered as an amendatory method.Dry farming can cause high salinity and decreasing soil permeability, for this reason with attention to the low raining in this zone it is required that farmland convert to the implant pasture.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

55 - Investigation on the Qualitative Changes of Tehran green space, between 1990 and 2006(Case study: District 5 of Tehran municipality)
Mona Soroudi Seid Ali Jozi

Background and Objective: Regarding the vegetation's crucial role in urban environment, investigation on the change detection seems to be necessary. Therefore, the usage of remote sensing was noticed to be important to study the changes. Method: In this study, to estim More

Background and Objective: Regarding the vegetation's crucial role in urban environment, investigation on the change detection seems to be necessary. Therefore, the usage of remote sensing was noticed to be important to study the changes. Method: In this study, to estimate the qualitative changes of vegetation cover, the NDVI was applied and Tm and IRS images of 1990 and 2006 were used and vegetation maps of District 5 of Tehran municipality by underlining the different greenness levels were generated. Findings: Statistics revealed that the area of good and moderate greenness level vegetated lands decreased and the area of poor greenness level vegetated lands increased by 23.22, 684.27 and 299.43 ha respectively. It is important to mention that to find out the procedure of qualitative changes of the study area's vegetation cover post-classification change detection technique applied and results indicated that non-vegetated areas converted to poor and moderate greenness level vegetated lands by 0.9 and 186.48 ha respectively. Also the conversion of 419.58 ha of poor and 175.86 ha of moderate greenness level vegetated lands to non-vegetated lands was noticed.                                                                                                                Conclusion: The maximum amount of increased non-vegetated area and destroyed moderate and good greenness level vegetated lands were studied in region number 2. So, region number 2, in comparison with other six regions has been changed the most during 1990 to 2006. The equal amount of increased non-vegetated area and decreased vegetated area by 408.06 ha showed that land use changes have been accrued in study area, therefore conservation and increase the urban vegetated areas are important to develop urban master plans.                                                                                                                         Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

56 - Investigation of the process of land use change in Mahidasht plain watershed using Remote Sensing images
Samireh Saymohammadi Mohsen Tavakoli Kiumars Zarafshani Hossein Mehdizadeh Farzad Amiri

In this study, to the investigation of land use change trend in Mahidasht plain watershed, first, land uses of land in the region were provided by satellite imagery and user map of past years, and then was calculated the percentage of changes in the level of each applic More

In this study, to the investigation of land use change trend in Mahidasht plain watershed, first, land uses of land in the region were provided by satellite imagery and user map of past years, and then was calculated the percentage of changes in the level of each application. Satellite images taken from Landsat 8,7 and 5 satellites and for three time periods (1987, 2000, 2016), which were provided by international references. All map corrections were performed in ENVI 5.3 and ARC GIS 10.2 software. The results of this study showed that in the first period of the study (1987), the largest area of land use was for Rain fed land with an area of 1558.63 Km2 and the smallest area was the Residential area with an area of 15.77 Km2. Also in the second period (1987-2000), the largest area of land use was for Rain fed land with an area of 1465.74 Km2 and the smallest area belonged to residential land with an area of 19.44 Km2.Whereas in the third period (2000-2016), the largest area of land use was Irrigated lands with an area of 1054.60 Km2, and then the uncoated lands with an area of 1050.62 km2 and the smallest area related to Residential land with area 22.51 Km2. During the period from 2000 to 2016, the largest change was observed in Rain fed lands to Irrigated lands, and the area of uncoated lands and Residential lands also increased significantly. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

57 - Change detection of land use in Ardabil city by means of GIS and RS Technology
Mirmasood Kheirkhah Zarkesh Farhad Hoseinzadeh azad

Since agricultural plain lands of Ardabil have been important in providing food stuffs, and due to the necessities of land usage management in this section, determination of process and change-rating of land cover I important for developers. In this regard, dynamic temp More

Since agricultural plain lands of Ardabil have been important in providing food stuffs, and due to the necessities of land usage management in this section, determination of process and change-rating of land cover I important for developers. In this regard, dynamic temporal data of remote sensing can play an important role in searching and analyzing of land usage change which is done by means of numerical change detection techniques in which the descriptive process of changes in covering variety and situation of land use is based on the temporal series image data. Basic hypothesis in using remote sensing data is on the base of these criteria that claims the ascending or descending nature of changes between two or more periods is recognizable, and by comparing the related data from different years, we can detect mutual relationships between natural, social and economic parameters. In this study, maximum likelihood supervised classiﬁcation and change detection techniques were applied to Land sat images acquired in 1990 and 2007, respectively, to map land cover changes in the Ardebil city. A supervised classiﬁcation was carried out on reﬂective bands for the four images individually with the aid of ground truth data. Ground truth information collected were used to assess the accuracy of the classiﬁcation results. Using ancillary data, and expert knowledge of the area through GIS further reﬁned the classiﬁcation results. Change detection technique was used to produce change image through cross-tabulation Changes among different land cover classes were assessed. During the study period, a very severe land cover change has taken place as a result of agricultural and urban development projects. These changes in land cover led to vegetation degradation and cropland in part of the study area.                                                                                  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

58 - Investigating the Distribution of Urban Land Use in Urban Development Projects in Terms of Social Justice (Case Study: Sabzevar City)
Farzaneh Sadat Hosseini Jonbazi Aram Karimi

Background and Objective: Around the world, countries are increasingly moving toward urban but to meet the needs of their service is, appropriately, is accountable to citizens. Therefore, one of the main concerns of city planners and managers is how to fairly distribute More

Background and Objective: Around the world, countries are increasingly moving toward urban but to meet the needs of their service is, appropriately, is accountable to citizens. Therefore, one of the main concerns of city planners and managers is how to fairly distribute and allocate urban resources and services in different areas of cities in proportion to the needs of urban society. Optimal distribution services, is directly related to land-use planning. This article aims to examine the distribution of urban land use from the perspective of social justice in different. Materials and Methodology: areas Sabzevar been done The research method was analytical-comparative while using statistical techniques as well as practical models including standard rate and the closest proximity or neighborhood (RN) is used. Results: The results show that the proposed comprehensive plan Sabzevar compared with 1388 per capita and per capita are far common in the country. Sabzevar in comparison to the master plan, a shortage of 9.84 square meters in land services (commercial, education, higher education, cultural, religious, administrative, health, parks and green space, sports). The spatial distribution of urban services in 13urban wetland areas shows that unstable condition So that District 13 and 7 enjoyed the most disadvantaged areas and the District 11 area of public services and cultural user’s only random pattern and the military and police have a regular pattern is the same. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the present study, the authorities should try to create equal opportunities in terms of access and also using open space such as barren lands to meet the fees of each area and create a search living space to provide special services and facilities. With the population of the area and the radius of access. And the uses are evenly distributed among the districts in proportion to the population. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

59 - Simulation of the Spatial Pattern of Land Use Change in the City of Gachsaran Using Cellular Automata Model
Mohsen Derakhsh Soheil Sobhan Ardakani

Background and Objective: Simulation of land-use change is very useful for governmental plans and policies. A number of models including system models, Markov chains, the CLUES-S and the SLEUTH have been developed for the simulation of land-use change. Among them, cellu More

Background and Objective: Simulation of land-use change is very useful for governmental plans and policies. A number of models including system models, Markov chains, the CLUES-S and the SLEUTH have been developed for the simulation of land-use change. Among them, cellular automata (CA) modeling is widely applied to simulate complicated dynamic systems. In this regard, information on land use and also land cover and possibilities for their optimal use is essential for the selection, planning and implementation of land use schemes to meet the increasing demands for basic human needs and welfare.Therefore, this study was conducted to forecasting and modeling of urban development of city of Gachsaran using a CA Model for 2044. Method: In this descriptive study, the land use mapping, a predominantly cloud-free image of Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS, 1972), Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM, 1986), Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+, 1999), and Operational Land Imager (OLI, 2015) were used to the modeling of land-use changes of the study area between the periods 1972 to 2015, and also to the simulation of land-use changes of city of Gachsaran in 2044. Findings: Based on the results obtained, the increasing growth of urban use over time, particularly in the northern part of the city, and the decline in natural and ecological land use, especially agricultural land were observed. Also, the results clearly suggest that the development process of the city of Gachsaran during the recent years did not follow a proper pattern and, especially the unbalanced growth could be observed in the western part of the city. On the other hand, according to the forecasting of model output, in 2044 about 70% of the extent of the study area, will be dedicated to urban use. Discussion and Conclusion: In general, it can be admitted that the CA model has a high ability in simulating the urban development process and can effectively be used to study the urban dynamic, especially in rapidly growing cities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

60 - Classification and Assessment of the land use changes using Landsat satellite imagery (Case Study: Rey Plain)
pegah mohammadpour reza Arjmandi Amir Hesam Hasani Jamal Ghoddousi

Background and Purpose :Land use change due to human activities is one of the important issues in regional and development planning. Lack of attention to land use changes in recent decades has created many environmental problems such as pollution of water resources, soi More

Background and Purpose :Land use change due to human activities is one of the important issues in regional and development planning. Lack of attention to land use changes in recent decades has created many environmental problems such as pollution of water resources, soil, etc. Therefore, the study and analysis of land use at different scales with the aim of sustainable development in the proper management of the environment and natural resources is essential. Remote sensing and GIS provide the necessary and sufficient facilities for extracting and updating land use maps and determining its amount. This study aims to investigate changes in land use conversion using remote sensing technology and satellite images for four periods It has been done for 3 years, from 2008 to 2020 in Rey plain. Material and Methodology: TM and OLI satellite images of Landsat 5 and 8 satellites were used to prepare land use maps for the studied years. Then the satellite images were monitored by classification method and were classified using the maximum neighborhood probability algorithm with an overall accuracy of 87.39 to 95.78% and a kappa coefficient of 85 to 93% in four user classes.. In the next step, land use maps were compared. Results: Based on the analysis, it was found that in the period under study, 26.07 square kilometers of Barren lands in this area has changed to agricultural, industrial and residential lands. As a result, the area of Barren lands has decreased and other uses have increased during the studied years. , So that the area of land with agricultural, industrial and residential use has increased by 14.66 square kilometers, 9.77 square kilometers, 1.64 square kilometers, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of the research show that the most important factor in land use change in the region is human activities that have caused many changes in land use. Analysis of the area of these uses showed that the level of agricultural land has increased significantly, mainly this increase. The result is the conversion of agricultural land use. Finally, the results of this study indicate that the combination of remote sensing techniques and GIS in the implementation of models for assessing spatial-temporal changes in land use, in order to know the type and percentage of land use and the extent of their changes, is very effective. The title of a management parameter can help planners of different executive departments in monitoring and managing the environment.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

61 - Preparing Mighan wetland Land-use mapping in 2013: Using supervised and fuzzy classification methods
Zahra Alibakhshi Marziyeh Alikhah Asl Mohammad Rezavani

Introduction: Revealing changes is one the most fundamental needs in the management and assessment of natural resources. With regard to remote sensing images, it is then possible to prepare land-use change maps, which are the result of the change detection processes. It More

Introduction: Revealing changes is one the most fundamental needs in the management and assessment of natural resources. With regard to remote sensing images, it is then possible to prepare land-use change maps, which are the result of the change detection processes. It should be noted that different methods have been presented to detect changes and developments of land-uses. The purpose of this study is prepared Mighan wetland –land use mapping in 2013 and Comparison of supervised and fuzzy classification methods.Material and Methods: In this study, Mighan Wetland changes as well as its land-use and land-cover improvements were obtained through using OLI Landsat satellite images in 2013. Then, the images were geometrically and radiometrically corrected using appropriate algorithms. Subsequently, training samples were classified in five land-use classes based on fuzzy and supervised classification methods.Results and Discussion: After applying fuzzy classification and land use map was prepared on theSatellite image OLI .The classification accuracy was evaluated were to do a statistical profile accuracyand precision manufacturer for each of the classes was determined using Finally, the overall accuracy, the accuracy of the maps fuzzy and supervised classification was determined. Evaluating the accuracy of these two methods through determining the overall accuracy the results revealed that supervised method with an overall accuracy of 84.91 and kappa value of 0.7861 is more accurate than the fuzzy method with an overall accuracy of 83.49 and kappa value of 0.7667. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

62 - Using Fuzzy classification technique to produce land use map (The sub watershed of Hablehrood)
Marzieh Alikhah-Asl Elham Forootan

Land use, has been considered for mapping and resource management for a long time. Remote sensingtechniques are useful to produce land use map. In this study, Fuzzy technique; a remote sensingclassification method, was applied to produce land use map. The study area was More

Land use, has been considered for mapping and resource management for a long time. Remote sensingtechniques are useful to produce land use map. In this study, Fuzzy technique; a remote sensingclassification method, was applied to produce land use map. The study area was the sub watershed ofHablehrood watershed. In this investigation, ETM+ images acquired in 2002 were applied. The resultsshowed that dry farmlands and range lands with good and moderate condition, were separated by highaccuracy. The highest error of Fuzzy method is the determination of the boundaries between irrigatedfarmlands and poor range lands. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

63 - Land use map production of Kaftareh catchment using remote sensing technique
Marzieh Alikhah-Asl Dariush Naseri Teimour Tanha Ghezeli

One of the important factors for programming and management of natural resources, especially toachieve sustainable development purposes is acquiring enough information about current land use/landcover. Remote sensing techniques are the best methods to produce land use m More

One of the important factors for programming and management of natural resources, especially toachieve sustainable development purposes is acquiring enough information about current land use/landcover. Remote sensing techniques are the best methods to produce land use maps. In this research,supervised classification method with maximum likelihood algorithm was used to prepare the land usemap. The case study is Kaftareh catchment located in Ardabil province and in this investigation;Landsat 8 images acquired in 2014 were applied. The results showed that dry farming, irrigated lands,rangelands and bare lands are the major land uses respectively in the area. The classification accuracywas assessed by kappa index and overall accuracy that 93.20% and 96.24% were obtainedrespectively. According to our results, Landsat 8 images have high capability to produce the land usemaps. NDVI index was used to prepare the vegetation density map and the results showed that themajor parts of the rangelands are covered by weak vegetation density class in the studied area Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

64 - Ecological capability assessment of Urban, Rural and Industrial, development in Shiraz Township and evaluation of current establishment of these areas using Geographic Information System (GIS)
Parviz Jokar Masoud Masoudi

It is obvious for all to take into consideration intellectual and systematic methods in management and optimum using of resources especially natural resources. Inappropriate residential and industrial development, causing damage to agricultural and natural resources are More

It is obvious for all to take into consideration intellectual and systematic methods in management and optimum using of resources especially natural resources. Inappropriate residential and industrial development, causing damage to agricultural and natural resources areas, and expand to the vulnerable zones, such as flood areas and unsuitable slopes causing destroying the ecological balance and sustainability in land. The essential of ecological capability evaluation of urban, rural and industrial development is meant objectivity to capability of land potential. The purpose of this study is evaluation of ecological potential of urban, rural and industrial development in Shiraz Township. In this regard, Township of Shiraz was assessed with overlaying information layers and concluded them by using GIS technology. In this research the eleven indicators in five general criteria of physiography, climate, geology, soil and vegetation cover were used.  Also evaluation was done based on Boolean logic (And logic) and modifying of classification for indicators used in Makhdoum Model. Assessment results were presented in two classes of nearly suitable (2) and unsuitable (3). Also in this research percent of potential classes for assessing current establishment of industrial, rural and urban land uses were evaluated by overlaying industrial, rural and urban layers on ecological potential map. Results show that most of urban areas are located in suitable class of 2 and most of industrial and rural areas are located in unsuitable class of 3. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

65 - تبیین ساختار کالبدی-فضایی کاربری اراضی بخش مرکزی شهر تبریز
شکوفه مشفق فر بختیار عزت پناه میرنجف موسوی

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66 - بررسی و ارزیابی تغییر کاربری اراضی شهر قائمشهر با استفاده از سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی و تصاویر ماهواره‌ای
مهدی مدیری

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67 - اثر توسعه فیزیکی شهر تهران بر تغییر کاربری اراضی منطقه 5
لیلا واحدیان بیکی احمد پوراحمد فرانک سیف‌الدینی

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68 - بررسی میزان گسترش محدوده فیزیکی روستاها و عوامل مرتبط با آن (مطالعه موردی شهرستان همدان)
حمیدرضا وجدانی شاهبختی رستمی مصطفی طالشی اسماعیل علی اکبری

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69 - سنجش میزان رضایت از خدمات رفاه عمومی درنظام کاربری اراضی شهر بندر دیر استان بوشهر
غلامرضا امینی نژاد عنایت الله یزدان پناه حسین بهرامیان

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70 - بررسی تغییر کاربری اراضی شهری (مطالعه موردی منطقه 1 شهرتهران)
مهدی حق بین سید جمال الدین دریاباری

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71 - مدیریت اراضی رها شده شهری و سامان دهی آن‌ها با الگوی توسعه پایدار شهری (مطالعه موردی شهرسمنان)
مریم اسماعیلیان ناساری دکتر سعید کامیابی دکتر محمدرضا زندمقدم

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72 - تحلیلی پیرامون نابودی صنعت کرم ابریشم و اثرات و پیامدهای آن بر تغییر کاربری اراضی روستاهای بخش مرکزی شهرستان لاهیجان در دهه اخیر
نصراله مولایی هشجین محمدتقی قماش پسند

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73 - تاثیر نوع محصول (گندم و پسته) و خصوصیات خاک (عمق، بافت و محتوای نیتروژن) بر مقدار ترسیب کربن
احد مدنی مجتبی حسن زاده نسرین صداقتی

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74 - Comparison of spatial resolution of LandSat and SPOT satellite images in measuring landscape fragmentation
Ehsan Rahimi Abdol-Rasoul Salman Mahini Seyed Hamed Mir Karimi Hamid Reza Kamyab Sattar Soltanian

Since the foundation of landscape ecology, the correlation between spatial patterns and ecological processes has always been regarded as one of key topics in this discipline. In this context, landscape metrics provide valuable information for the interpretation of lands More

Since the foundation of landscape ecology, the correlation between spatial patterns and ecological processes has always been regarded as one of key topics in this discipline. In this context, landscape metrics provide valuable information for the interpretation of landscape patterns. It is clear that the scale of input data and the scale of analysis must be coherent in order to calculate and interpret landscape metrics correctly. One main method that is often used to assess the scaling effects on landscape pattern is to manipulate the grain size or pixel size in satellite images. In this study, The SPOT and LandSat satellite images of 1986 and 2010 and simulations and maps of Markov-cellular automata models of 2020 were used. The effects of spatial resolution on 8 metrics were evaluated using the software FRAGSTATS in class and landscape levels. The results showed that the changes in grain size have significant effects on landscape metrics and their changes in the future so that the increased grain size will lead to the deacreased number of patches (NP), patch density (PD), LSI and CONAG. In general, metrics showed two types of irregular and increase behaviors according to the reduced grain size; in this study, the changes in grain size are more sensitive than the other metrics. So, the application of these metrics in landscape studies shoulde be considerably paid attention. Manuscript profile

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75 - Predicting locational trend of land use changes using CA-Markov Model (Case study: Kohmare Sorkhi, Fars province)
Sara Azizi Ghalati Kazem Rangzan Javad Sadidy Peyman Heydarian Ayoub Taghizadeh

Land use changes act as a significant factor in the environmental changes and have become a global threat. Monitoring and prediction these changes by satellite images and models can help the planners and managers to make more conscious planning decisions. In this regard More

Land use changes act as a significant factor in the environmental changes and have become a global threat. Monitoring and prediction these changes by satellite images and models can help the planners and managers to make more conscious planning decisions. In this regard, the current research aimed to monitor, model and predict land use changes using CA-Markov model in Kohmare Sorkhi region, Fars province in 2024 for a period of 25 years (1987-2012). To implement the mentioned model, the land use map was first prepared by ETM+ and TM sensors during three years (1987, 2000, 2012). Then, validation of maps and change detection process were performed. The results of change detection for the first period (1987-2000) and second period (2000-2012) with an accuracy of 83% and Kappa index of 88% have shown the greatest increase in the rangeland area (4224.24 ha) and the greatest decrease in the forest area (3953.75 ha). In the next stage, in order to calibrate the CA-Markov model, land use map for 2012 was predicted; on the other hand, regarding Error Matrix between the modeling land use map and the reference land use map, the Kappa index wad given as 75%. Finally, considering the previous stage, the land use map for the outlook of 2024 was predicted. The final results for 2024 indicated that the forest area would endure the great amount of changes in comparison with 2012. The forests would change into the irrigated agricultural area and rangelands which can be considered in sustainable development planning by decision makers. Manuscript profile

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76 - Assessment of land use changes into dry land using satellite images and Geographical information system (GIS)
Alireza Moradi Mohammad Jafari Hossein Arzani Mahdieh Ebrahimi

The aim of this stydy is to proced the trend process of land cover changes as a result of land use changes into dry land using satellite images, remote sensing and GIS softwares and to find out the type and magnitude of changes by the image sensor Landsat ETM in 2000 an More

The aim of this stydy is to proced the trend process of land cover changes as a result of land use changes into dry land using satellite images, remote sensing and GIS softwares and to find out the type and magnitude of changes by the image sensor Landsat ETM in 2000 and sensor of Landsat OLI in 2014 using ENVI®5 software and unsupervised classification methods in Dehsard and kohsefeid, Kerman province. Finally, land use classification map including rangelands, agricultural lands and gardens was specified. In order to produce the training points, field visits, GPS and Google Earth software were utilized. Supervised classification was used to assess the accuracy of classification images. Afterwards, KAPA coefficie was applied to calculate the precision of produced maps. Precision matrix was created for each map. For the detection and assessment of land use changes as compared to the others, Crosstab was used. The results of land use changes in two regions showed that in this regard, the rangelands had the most changes estimated as 77% and 73% for Dehsard and Kohsefid watersheds, respectively. The precision of classification maps was given as 98% for both watersheds. The results of this study showed that the expansion of agricultural activities concerning the rangeland ecosystems could change the rangelands into the lands with low efficiency and in two mentioned regions, 9% and 20% of changes occurred in the low efficiency lands in Dehsard nd Kohsefid watersheds, respectively. Manuscript profile

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77 - Monitoring and forecasting of land use change by applying Markov chain model and land change modeler (Case study: Dehloran Bartash plains, Ilam)
Seyed Reza Mir Alizadehfard Seyedeh Maryam Alibakhshi

Nowadays modeling and forecasting of land use changes by application of satellite images can be a very useful tool for describing relations between natural environment and human activities to help planners to make decisions in complicated conditions. There are various m More

Nowadays modeling and forecasting of land use changes by application of satellite images can be a very useful tool for describing relations between natural environment and human activities to help planners to make decisions in complicated conditions. There are various methods for forecasting of land uses and coverage, in which the Markov chain model is one of them. In this research, land use changes in Bartash plain in Dehloran which is located in Ilam province in the area of 135244 hectares in 3 time periods (1988, 2001 and 2013) of landSat satellite images, providing land use map in 6 classes (low density forest, medium-dense grassland, poor grassland, agricultural, alluvium sediments and non-vegetated lands) by application of  Kohonens neural network and also Markov anticipation model and Land change modeler (LCM) approach was predicted for the year 2030. The classification results showed the rate of demolition and a reduction of the area of low density forests and medium grassland land uses and increase in area of other land uses. Reduction of low density forest and the medium grassland area and increasing growth of other land uses demonstrated the overall destruction in the region and replaced with poorer land uses. At the end, by application of the Markov chain model and LCM modeling approach, land use changes were a forecasted for the year 2030. The results of changes anticipation matrix based on maps of years 2001 and 2013 showed that it is likely that in the period of 2013-2030, 45% of low density forest, 71% of medium grassland, 96% of poor grassland, 81% of agricultural lands, 93% alluvialvium sediments and 100% of non-vegetated lands remain changeless; non-vegetated lands have the most stability and low density forest have the least stability. Manuscript profile

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78 - Investigating the relationship between temperature, net radiation flux by biophysical properties and lanuse using LandSat 8 satellite imagery
Mohammad Karimi Firozjaei Majid Kiavrz Mogadam

Due to high heterogeneity in the land surface properties including variation in the type of surface coverage, varied topography conditions and placement in different geographic locations, investigating the relationship between temperature and net radiation and listed pa More

Due to high heterogeneity in the land surface properties including variation in the type of surface coverage, varied topography conditions and placement in different geographic locations, investigating the relationship between temperature and net radiation and listed parameters of properties has great importance. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between temperature and net radiation surface with Indexes biophysical properties and land use in the region. For this purpose, LandSat8 satellite image, MODIS water vapor product and digital elevation model map of the city of Sari are used. In order to calculate the surface temperature, single channel algorithm, net radiation from Surface energy balance algorithm for land (SEBAL) mountain algorithm and the extraction of different surface properties from Tasselled cap transformation (TCT) Indexes were used. also, the combination of Maximum likelihood classification methods and decision tree are utilized to classify Image. Net radiation has a direct relationship with Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), Greenness and Wetness parameters and inverse relationship with mean correlation coefficient 0.8 with NDBI, Albedo, Brightness and surface temperature parameters. In this study, the correlation coefficient of relationship between Wetness, Greenness and Brightness indicators and net radiation surface is 0.94. The Built up lands with an average 600.38  have the lowest net radiation and forest lands with an average 759.5  have the highest net radiation flux in the region. The results show that using remote sensing data and considering the TCT parameters related to biophysical properties of surface are very useful to assess the temperature and net radiation of the region. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

79 - Evaluation of desertification hazard severity in the Jaz-Murian region
Mojtaba Soleimani Sardo Ali Tavili Abbas Alipour Seyed Mostafa Hashemi

Desertification is a phenomenon occurred in arid and semi-arid because of climate changes, human effects and leads to decrease of ecosystem productions and its potential. In this research, the sensitivity of the Jaz-Murian watershed to desertification was evaluated usin More

Desertification is a phenomenon occurred in arid and semi-arid because of climate changes, human effects and leads to decrease of ecosystem productions and its potential. In this research, the sensitivity of the Jaz-Murian watershed to desertification was evaluated using Environmental sensitive area scheme (ESAs) model. For this goal, the work unit map was extracted from Landsat (8 OLI) imagery (2015) by maximum likelihood classification algorithm. In each unit, the indices related to climate, soil, vegetation and land management criteria were weighted on the basis of ESAs methodology and expert advice and combined by calculating geometric mean of indices. The results showed that the ESAs value obtained from 1.46 to 1.72, it means that the study area is classified in the critical class of desertification, so that 3136 km2 and 12299 km2 of the area has been felt in C2 and C3 classes, respectively. Salty clay lands (ESAI=1.83), Playa (ESAI=1.78) and sandy lands (ESAI=1.72) had the most sensitivity to desertification that needs to consider as the priority of the management strategies in order to introduce de-desertification projects. Moreover, the climate and land management criteria were shown the more effects on desertification process and also must be focused by scientists who would like to improve the local methods of desertification monitoring and needs to be considered to introduce management plans. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

80 - Detection of land use changes in Hoor Al Azim wetland using remote sensing and geographic information system techniques
Soroor Makrouni Gholam Reza Sabzghabaei Shahram Yousefi Khanghah Sattar Soltanian

In order to protect the reasonable and sagely of wetlands and also recognize the changes in their characteristics which can be caused by natural factors or human activities used remote sensing techniques and satellite image analysis.  This study aimed to evaluate l More

In order to protect the reasonable and sagely of wetlands and also recognize the changes in their characteristics which can be caused by natural factors or human activities used remote sensing techniques and satellite image analysis.  This study aimed to evaluate land use changes of Hoor Al Azim Wetland using LandSat ETM+ (2003) and OLI (2014) satellite images. After geometric and atmospheric correction, maximum likelihood and post-classification techniques were used to detect land use/cover changes. The overall classification accuracy and the Kappa coefficient for the produced maps to 2003 and 2014 were 0.91 and 0.89, respectively. Map classification of 2014 showed that the area of Hoor Al Azim wetlands has been  decreased from 84300 to 45500 hectares. The results of change detection showed during the study residential, and rangeland area had increased, but agricultural and wetland had reduced. The findings of this study denoted that remote sensing data can provide appropriate information for specifying land use changes due to their repeatability, and broad vision. This approach will support adaptive management of wetlands such as Hoor Al Azim wetland. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

81 - Forecasting of forest land changes in the Chaloosrood watershed
Vajiheh Ghorbannia Kheybari Mir Mehrdad Mirsanjari Mohsen Armin

Deforestation affects watershed processes and biochemical cycles and lead to soil erosion and lack of water in the catchment areas. This study is aimed to investigate the changes in forest land in the Chaloorood watershed on the west of Mazandaran province using Geomod. More

Deforestation affects watershed processes and biochemical cycles and lead to soil erosion and lack of water in the catchment areas. This study is aimed to investigate the changes in forest land in the Chaloorood watershed on the west of Mazandaran province using Geomod. In this study, maps of forest in the years of 1987 and 2015 were prepared using satellite images. Then the suitability  forest map was produced by making a regression equation between suitability criteria maps and forest changes map in the period of 1987-2015. Finally, by using forest map in 1987, forest suitability map and the number of modified pixels in forest land between 1987 and 2015, Forecast of the forest map for 2043 was done using Geomod. Also, by using the Validate function and classified forest map 2015, as a reference map, and the forecasting forest map 2015,  as a comparative map, the validity of the production map was evaluated. The results showed that the area of forest land in 1987, 2015, and 2043 was 38683.65, 2464.354 and 15227.25 hectares, respectively. The extent of forest changes in the last 28 years and the next 28 years is 35.72% and 38.76% respectively. Forest changes in the period between 1987 and 2015 under the influence of factors such as distance from the road, forest cover density, distance from the village, slope and elevation above sea level, respectively. The Pseudo R2 and ROC coefficients are 0.29 and 0.85 respectively, which indicates the proper ability of the model to estimate forest changes over the past 28 years and the relative agreement of the model with the real changes. In this study the accuracy of resulting land use maps was 96%, which represent the appropriate capability of Geomod in land use changes modeling in Chaloosrood watershed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

82 - Change detection of Oak forests using object-based classification of multitemporal Landsat imageries (Case study: forests of the northern province of Ilam)
Hashem Rostam Zadeh Sadrolah Darabi Hejar Shahabi

Oak is the dominant forest species in the Zagros mountains, it is seen as a semi dense forest in western provinces. Multiple droughts, development of cities and villages, land use change from forest to farmland, are  the main causes of forest destruction in Ilam. T More

Oak is the dominant forest species in the Zagros mountains, it is seen as a semi dense forest in western provinces. Multiple droughts, development of cities and villages, land use change from forest to farmland, are  the main causes of forest destruction in Ilam. The purpose of this research is to determine the change detection of forest land to other land uses, using multi temporal TM sensor images (April 1986) and OLI (April 2015). In object-based classification, the data segmentation  as initial phenomena, with appropriate scale and compression parameters for each image, was performed. Two classifying phenomena,  nearest neighbor method and fuzzy functions were used. Land use classes were prepared by specifying training points and using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The Overall accuracy of the TM image was 88% and OLI image 94%, and the kappa coefficient for the TM and OLI image was calculated 84% and 91%, respectively. By post classification comparison method, the change matrix  for each districts and changes forest to other uses was formed. The results showed that all districts faced with the phenomenon of deforestation and forest wide change (-42%) have been made. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

83 - Comparing the accuracy of time series classification of Landsat images in monitoring land use change
Ahmad Azimi Najarkolaei Ali Akbar Jamali Zeynolabedin Hosseini

In this research, artificial neural network, maximum likelihood and minimum distance classification methods for analysis of land use changes, during 1989 to 2015, were evaluated and compared images from three Landsat satellite sensors in Sari. After geometric and atmosp More

In this research, artificial neural network, maximum likelihood and minimum distance classification methods for analysis of land use changes, during 1989 to 2015, were evaluated and compared images from three Landsat satellite sensors in Sari. After geometric and atmospheric corrections, images of 1989, 2002, and 2015 were categorized under three artificial neural network algorithms, maximum likelihood and minimum distance in five land use classes. After assessing the accuracy of the methods, the Kappa coefficients were calculated for maximum likelihood, artificial neural network and minimum distance of 1989 were 92%, 87% and 65% in 2002, were 89%, 87% and 60%, and in 2015 were 91% %, 90% and 73%, respectively. These coefficients indicate the superiority of the maximum likelihood method in comparison with the other two methods in 1989. Also, the results of land use change over the whole period of the survey (from 1989 to 2015), showed that the areas of residential and irrigated lands were increased by 3615 and 575 hectares, but bare lands, gardens and forests were decreased to 1791, 1127 and 1272 hectares, respectively. According to the results, the two methods of maximum likelihood and neural network were more suitable for land use classification. The maximum likelihood method was better than the neural network method with a difference of 5% in 1989 and 2% in 2002 and 1% in 2015 in the Kappa coefficient. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

84 - Comparison of visual and digital interpretation methods of land use/cover mapping in Ardabil province
Azad Kakeh Mami Ardavan Ghorbani Farshad Kayvan Behjoo Amir Mirzaei Mosivand

Land use/cover mapping is one of the most common applications of remote sensing data. Remote sensing data by providing updated digital information, repetitive coverage, reduce costs and the possibility of processing and high potential for the preparation of land use/cov More

Land use/cover mapping is one of the most common applications of remote sensing data. Remote sensing data by providing updated digital information, repetitive coverage, reduce costs and the possibility of processing and high potential for the preparation of land use/cover maps in natural resources, is of paramount importance. In this study, the land use and cover map prepared using Google Earth and the Operational Land Imager image sensor (OLI) of Landsat 8 satellite and methods of visual interpretation (GE images), supervised classification, neural networks and object-based classification methods (Landsat 8 images), and compared with each other. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the classification, the overall accuracy, Kappa coefficient, producer’s accuracy and user’s accuracy were used. The results showed that the visual interpretation method with overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient of 99.4 and 0.99, in comparison to the object-based, supervised and artificial neural networks (with an overall accuracy of 94, 82 and 60.8, and a Kappa coefficient of 0.92, 0.77 and 0.50) are more reliable. According to the map of visual interpretation, the rangelands with an area of 946687 ha and water bodies in the area of 217.42 ha were the largest and smallest land use/covers, respectively. In terms of accuracy, the visual interpretation method using Google Earth images had the highest accuracy, but it is time-consuming and cost-effective. In contrast, object-based method with acceptable accuracy and with low cost and time is the best method for land use/cover mapping. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

85 - Study of land use change and its effect on erosion in Nir city using GIS and RS (Case study: Nir county)
sayyad asghari saraskanroud Leila Aghayary Elnaz Pirouzi

Due to human activities and natural phenomena, the face of the earth is always undergoing change. Therefore, for the optimal management of the natural areas, awareness of the land use ratio is a necessity. Soil erosion is one of the environmental disasters that annihila More

Due to human activities and natural phenomena, the face of the earth is always undergoing change. Therefore, for the optimal management of the natural areas, awareness of the land use ratio is a necessity. Soil erosion is one of the environmental disasters that annihilates thousands of soil, crops each year, and land use change is one of the important factors in erosion. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the land use change trend in Nair, Ardabil province, and its effect on erosion using GIS and RS in order to carry out the research, images from 2000 and 2016, OLI and TIRS sensors, Landsat 8 were used and land use map was prepared using a controlled classification method. The erosion zonation map was performed using landuse maps and factors such as slope, lithology, distance from the road, distance from the waterway, precipitation and soil using Critical Weighing and Weighted Linear Combination (WLC). The results showed that the highest amount of area in 2000 was related to dry land farming with 442.38 km2 and semi-condensing pastures with an area of 347.39 km2. In 2016, the highest area of use of rangelands density, and then the use of semi-metamorphic rangelands are 478.76 and 458.5 km2, respectively. According to the erosion zoning plan of 2000, 17.25% and 25.55%, respectively, according to the 2016 erosion zonation, 12.44% and 26.51% of the city area are located in two high risk and high risk categories. Mostly, high risk and high-risk areas are located in both dry land and aquaculture fields at both time periods. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

86 - Investigating the visual pollution of non-heterogeneous land uses in the tourist areas (Case study: Dohezar and Sehezar forests of Tonekabon)
Kobra Melhosseini Darani Samar Mortazavi Seyed Mohsen Hosseini Kamran Shayesteh Samereh Falahatkar

Development requires land, and the most obvious feature of the development, land use change, and hence pollution of the land's landscape. For an investigation into the effect of disturbance on the landscape, land use map, using Landsat satellite image of 2016, is produc More

Development requires land, and the most obvious feature of the development, land use change, and hence pollution of the land's landscape. For an investigation into the effect of disturbance on the landscape, land use map, using Landsat satellite image of 2016, is produced. Calculating the LPI, LSI, MPS and SHDI metrics, the two viewpoints are considered in the case study area. The height of the observer is applied to the DSM map of this region and a visible zone of these points is determined. Therefore, the visual disturbance criterion is examined. According to the man-made and natural uses, this criterion is quantified, considering the above-mentioned metrics. LSI value changes from one to infinity. At the first viewpoint, amounts of the LSI are 21.32, 19 and 2.35 for forest, pasture and mine respectively. Also, in the second one, 7.27, 26.91, 22.24, 1.66, 3.90 and 13.78 are obtained for residential land, forest, pasture, aquaculture, agriculture and rocks. Small LSI numbers of mine, aquaculture and agriculture, being about one, indicates the presence of a human in these areas. The results of MPS and SHDI metrics show that the natural land use of pasture and forest are cut by the man-made of mine. From the second viewpoint, forest, pasture and rocks, having large and close MPS numbers, give a natural face to the landscape. The presence of agriculture, residential and aquaculture with small MPS values, being different from the natural land use, causes a lack of naturalness and disturbance in this part of the region. This study could develop the new and basic method for the understanding of landscape changes in the planning and management fields. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

87 - Comparison of object-oriented and pixel-based classification methods for land use mapping (Case study: Isfahan-Borkhar, Najafabad and Chadegan plains)
Sedigheh Ghafari Hamid Reza Moradi Reza Modarres

Change detection algorithms of remote sensing image can be divided into two categories: pixel-based and object-oriented, according to the minimum processing unit. This paper deals with the comparison between application of pixel-based and object-oriented approaches in l More

Change detection algorithms of remote sensing image can be divided into two categories: pixel-based and object-oriented, according to the minimum processing unit. This paper deals with the comparison between application of pixel-based and object-oriented approaches in land use classification in Isfahan-Borkhar, Najafabad and Chadegan plains and evaluation of land use changes with Landsat TM (1985) and OLI (2015) data during the study period. The object-oriented approach involved the segmentation of image data into objects with multi-resolution segmentation algorithm by eCognition  software. Then objects were assigned and classified with the nearest neighbour algorithm in object-oriented classification The supervised pixel-based classification involved the selection of training areas and a classification using a maximum likelihood algorithm. Accuracy assessments of both classifications were undertaken. The results show better overall accuracy (higher 90%) of the object-oriented classification over the pixel-based classification. The land use maps indicate that residential area is increased 2.09, 9.66 and 3.74% and rangeland area is decreased 7.48, 10.94 and 17.73% in Isfahan-Borkhar, Najafabad and Chadegan plains in the study period, respectively. In Chadegan plain the increase in agriculture and fallow land use has been equal to 8.31 and 5.64%, respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

88 - Monitoring and prediction land use/ land cover changes and its relation to drought (Case study: sub-basin Parsel B2, Zayandeh Rood watershed)
Shahin Mohammadi Khalil Habashi Saeed Pormanafi

Land use and land cover (LULC) change because of its impact on natural ecosystems has become a concern for natural resources protectors and managers. The present study aimed to predict LULC changes and also to study the relation of drought with these changes in the sub- More

Land use and land cover (LULC) change because of its impact on natural ecosystems has become a concern for natural resources protectors and managers. The present study aimed to predict LULC changes and also to study the relation of drought with these changes in the sub-basin Parsel B2 with an area of 21100 hectares using CA-Markov model and Standard Precipitation Index (SPI). For this purpose, using the preprocessed images of the sensors TM, ETM+, and OLI for the years 1986, 2001 and 2016, respectively, the LULC map was provided with supervised classification and maximum likelihood method. To validate the CA-Markov model, the LULC maps have been predicting for 2016 and they were compared to the reference land use map of 2016. After ensuring the accuracy of the predicted results for the year 2016, the related land use and land cover maps were predicted for the year 2030. The result showed a relation between LULC changes and drought condition. Based on result predicted for the year 2030, rain-fed agriculture 6.95% increase and range land 6.66% decrease in area. Thus In the event of drought and abandonment rain-fed agriculture land, soil erosion, increasing and also grazing pressure on the remaining range land causing range land degradation. Therefore, if the current land use strategy with current management remain, land degradation in the region will be inevitable. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

89 - Predicting locational trend of land use changes using CA-Markov model (Case study: Safarod Ramsar watershed)
Nahid Salehi Mohammad Reza Ekhtesasi Ali Talebi

Predicting land use changes using satellite imagery is now a useful tool for helping planners in complex situations. The purpose of this study was to detect and predict land use changes during the 28-year period (1986-2014) by CA- Markov model in the Safarood-Ramsar wat More

Predicting land use changes using satellite imagery is now a useful tool for helping planners in complex situations. The purpose of this study was to detect and predict land use changes during the 28-year period (1986-2014) by CA- Markov model in the Safarood-Ramsar watershed of Mazandaran province. In this research, land use and NDVI maps were prepared using Landsat TM (1986), ETM+ (2000) and OLI (2014) satellite images. The accuracy of the CA-Markov model was estimated using the Kappa index of 87%. In order to calibrate the CA-Markov model, the land use map was prepared in 2014, and the Kappa coefficient of the mapping from modeling and user base map (2014) was 82%. The results showed that during the period between 1986 and 2014, the area of forest lands decreased by 10.26% and the total area of residential areas increased by 3.27%. The land use map for the years 2021 and 2028 was predicted by the CA-Markov model. The results showed that during the period 2014-2028, forested lands and rangelands decreased by 4.92% and 1.7%, respectively. Residential areas will increase by 8.04% and the agricultural land will change slightly, indicating the changes in land use to residential land. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

90 - Investigation of land use changes and its relationship with groundwater level (Case study: Ardabil plain)
Sayyad Asghari Saraskanroud Ehsan Ghale Elhameh Ebady

10.30495/girs.2021.675971

Background and Objective Groundwater is the most important source of fresh water in the world. Drinking water for two billion people is supplied directly from groundwater and is used to irrigate the world's largest food supply. Improper harvesting of groundwater re More

Background and Objective Groundwater is the most important source of fresh water in the world. Drinking water for two billion people is supplied directly from groundwater and is used to irrigate the world's largest food supply. Improper harvesting of groundwater reservoirs has led to the fact that the amount of feeder feed is not responsive to harvesting and the groundwater level has dropped. The drop in groundwater levels has led to problems such as drying up water wells, declining river and lake discharge, lowering water quality, increasing pumping costs and water extraction and land subsidence. Awareness of water level changes is necessary to understand the status of groundwater aquifers and their optimal management. By assessing groundwater level fluctuations, it can be used to manage water resources. One of the major applications of remote sensing is the detection and determination of land use changes. Using remote sensing, it is possible to study and identify various phenomena. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different land use on groundwater using interpolation geostatistical methods as well as object-oriented classification methods for land use mapping. Materials and Methods Ardabil plain is a mountainous plain located in northwestern Iran and east of the Azerbaijani plateau. The plain covers an area of 990 km2 among the highlands around it and in terms of political divisions includes parts of the cities of Ardabil and Namin. The data used in this study included a Landsat 8 satellite image of the OLI surveyor for the 2015 land use map, as well as a Landsat TM 5 surveyor for the 1987 land use plan. Also, in this study, the groundwater depth data of 43 piezometer wells in Ardabil plain were used. In this research, after preparing the statistics of piezometric wells, the data reconstruction method was used to eliminate the deficiencies in the study data. Reconstruction, which was used only to correct deficiencies in the data, is an interpolation method performed by the Neural Power software (based on the artificial neural network). To normalize the data, logarithmic transformations were used in SPSS and GS+ software was used for geostatistical analysis. ENVI software was used for atmospheric and radiometric corrections and ArcGIS software was used to extract the layer map. Results and Discussion The largest area in 1987 belongs to the irrigated agricultural class with an area of 51840 hectares. The second area belongs to the rainfed agricultural class, which has the largest area with 48,790 hectares. The smallest area also belongs to the use of water with 88.65 hectares. Looking at the uses of 1394, the results showed significant differences in such a way that the use of irrigated agriculture with 10.17 hectares has increased significantly compared to 1987. After extracting the land use change map to select the best intrusion model from among the various models, all models were evaluated and only the models that were more accurate than the other models were selected. The highest average water level was recorded in 1987 for agricultural agriculture and the lowest average water level was recorded for the forest area. Considering the land use map and the groundwater level map of 1394, the above analysis is confirmed and as it is known, the highest average water level this year belongs to the use of irrigated agriculture with 20.17 meters and the lowest average recorded water level is related to the use of the forest is 11.45 meters. Compared to 1987, water use has had a decrease in water level, which has reduced the water level of dams and also reduced the volume of water in rivers and even dried up several of these rivers. After water use, one of the most interesting uses that need to be analyzed and the reason for its search is the use of irrigated agriculture. This land use has the highest water level drop in 1987 and in 2015 it has faced the highest water level drop. The reason can be attributed to the over-harvesting of groundwater for irrigated crops that need more irrigation. Due to the fact that the Rain-fed crops in the study area are mostly wheat and do not need water or needless, but the amount of groundwater level in 2015 compared to 1987 has been accompanied by a significant decline. The use of pastures in 2015 compared to 1987 has dropped significantly, which indicates the critical situation of groundwater and excessive use of these resources. Conclusion In this study, in the first step, in order to classify and then examine the changes that occurred in a certain period of time in the study area. In order to classify the relevant images, An object-oriented classification method was used in eCognition software and the relevant outputs were extracted in ArcGIS software. Evaluation of classification accuracy for 2015 has a very high accuracy so that the overall accuracy and coefficient of the extracted Kapa at the highest possible level, the overall accuracy of 100% and the coefficient of Kapa 0.99 and for the year 1987 was extracted with less accuracy and general accuracy for In 1987, 98% and the Kappa coefficient was 0.95. After extracting the land use change map to select the best intrusion model from among the various models, all models were evaluated. Due to ME and RMSE values, the curing method has higher accuracy than other methods. Among the various modes of the curing method, the Gaussian model has the highest accuracy. According to the results, the most changed use in this area has been the use of pastures in irrigated agriculture and Rain-fed agriculture. This change shows that the increase in the use of irrigated agriculture and Rain-fed agriculture in this area has been accompanied by a decrease in the use of rangelands, which indicates the destruction of pastures. According to the groundwater level map, the highest average water level was recorded in 1987 for irrigated agricultural use and the lowest average water level was recorded for the forest area. Also, the highest average water level in 2015 belongs to the use of irrigated agriculture with 20.17 meters and the lowest average recorded water level is related to forest use with 11.45 meters. One of the interesting uses that need to be analyzed and the reason for its search is the use of irrigated agriculture. This land use has the highest water level drop in 1987 and in 2015 it has faced the highest water level drop. The reason can be attributed to the over-harvesting of groundwater for irrigated crops that need more irrigation. In general, all uses in 2015 compared to 1366 have faced a decrease in water balance. As a result of these changes, farmers have made more use of groundwater resources, which has led to a drop in groundwater levels over a 28 years period in the study area. This overuse is enough to reduce the average level of the plain by 4.9 meters during the mentioned period. http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.26767082.1400.12.1.5.6 Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

91 - The effect of Meighan wetland environmental changes on land surface temperature of surrounding areas by using Landsat satellite data
Saeed Mahmoodi Behrouz Sari Saraf Majed Rezaei Banafsheh Hashem Rostamzade

Wetlands are one of the most important aquatic zones that affect the climate of the surrounding areas and are also one of the most fragile natural phenomena. Therefore, it is very important to detect changes in the environment around the wetlands. The purpose of this st More

Wetlands are one of the most important aquatic zones that affect the climate of the surrounding areas and are also one of the most fragile natural phenomena. Therefore, it is very important to detect changes in the environment around the wetlands. The purpose of this study, the land use change detection, the normalized vegetation index, land surface temperature patterns in the surrounding of the Meighan wetland, were analyzed using Landsat TM multi-time sensor data for 30 May 2002, and 5 June 2010. Supervised classification algorithms with maximum likelihood were used to extract land use changes. The results of classification accuracy, using the Kappa coefficient for 2002 and 2010 were 99.13% and 98.93% with 98 and 97 kappa coefficients, respectively. The results of land use changes showed that the barren lands increased by 100 km2 and, in contrast, vegetation areas were reduced by 84 km2. The average of the normalized vegetation index was not significantly changed and the maximum and minimum values in 2002 were 0 and -0.52, and in 2010, -0.05 and -0.58, respectively. The warmer temperature classes in the regional temperature pattern in 2010 were more extensive than in 2002. The minimum, average and maximum temperature in 10 km of surrounding of Meighan wetland in 2002 were 16.72, 27.35 and 36.4°C with a standard deviation of 3.2, and in 2010, 15.5, 29.8 and 37°C with a standard deviation of 3.5. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

92 - Flood zoning and its impact on land use in the surrounding area using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) images and GIS
Khalil Valizadeh Kamran Reza Delire Hasannia Khadije Azari Amghani

Identification of flood zones is a basic step in flood risk management, and flood risk zoning provides a quantitative measure of flood risk, thereby enabling appropriate alerts to be provided in times of flood risk and facilitating rescue operations. The purpose of this More

Identification of flood zones is a basic step in flood risk management, and flood risk zoning provides a quantitative measure of flood risk, thereby enabling appropriate alerts to be provided in times of flood risk and facilitating rescue operations. The purpose of this study was to determine flood zoning using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) images and its impact on land use in the Lighvan river area, under the Ajai Chai Basin, southeast of Tabriz in East Azarbaijan province. The digital elevation model (DEM) with 70 cm accuracy was used for flood zoning. After converting the DEM to TIN for pre-processing, data were entered into HEC-GeoRAS software. And with TIN, three-dimensional UAV images were obtained and the height of profiles specified and hydraulic depth of the river extracted. After the pre-processing, the results entered in HEC-RAS software, so after the completion of flow specification and hydraulic data and entering capacity of flood discharges in return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 years, flow model and water surface profile with return period obtained. Then the flood zones were combined with the land use map. The results showed that as the increase of return period the capacity increases too; flood zones increase, So that during the return period of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50,100 and 200 years 6.24, 6.31, 6.75, 7.80, 9.69, 10.36 and 11.44  hectares, respectively, were covered by flood cover and It was also found that floods, gardens, barren lands, and residential areas were more affected by floods, respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

93 - Determination of quantity and allocation disagreement indices in selection of appropriate algorithm for land use classification in pixel and objected base in Gorgarood river basin
Mahboobeh Hajibigloo Vahed Berdi Sheikh Hadi Memarian Chooghi Bairam Komaki

Land cover and land use are an important variable in natural land processes. Land use change in environmental protection programs and natural resource management plays an important role in the intensification of natural crises such as floods. The Gorganrood River basin More

Land cover and land use are an important variable in natural land processes. Land use change in environmental protection programs and natural resource management plays an important role in the intensification of natural crises such as floods. The Gorganrood River basin in the Golestan province has historically experienced land use conversion. In this research was selected for land use classification using Landsat 8 OLI satellite images of the 25 June 2017. The goal of this study is to assess the accuracy of two approaches, pixel-based supervised classification and the object-oriented one base on quantity and allocation disagreement indexes. The accuracy assessment results indicated verified that for land use mapping the SVM algorithm using a 50 pixel segmentation in the object-based classification having a quantity disagreement of 2.03, an allocation disagreement of 4.58, and an overall accuracy of 92.65% and a kappa coefficient of 0.91 was more accurate than other algorithms in the object-based classification and other algorithms in the pixel-based classification. Based on this algorithm, the lowest of omission and commission error showed in forest lands and residential and industrial areas of 0.58% and 1.59% respectively. The highest of producer and user accuracy showed in forest lands and the water body of 99.44% and 99.41% respectively. The largest area of land use in the Gorganrood River basin is related to the Barren/Rangeland/Cropland class of 314110 ha. Finally, the SVM-SL50 algorithm in the object-based classification is suggested as an optimal classifier with a high accuracy for classification of land use classification maps in order to manage natural resources in Golestan province. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

94 - Studying changes in heat islands and land uses of the Minab city using the random forest classification approach and spatial autocorrelation analysis
Mohamad Kazemi Ali Reza Nafarzadegan Fariborz Mohammadi

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of the land use changes in the Minab city on the variations in the urban heat islands (UHI), using the random forest classification method and spatial statistics on TM and OLI Landsat images in 1988, 1998, 2008 and 2018 More

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of the land use changes in the Minab city on the variations in the urban heat islands (UHI), using the random forest classification method and spatial statistics on TM and OLI Landsat images in 1988, 1998, 2008 and 2018. First, land surface temperature (LST) was calculated using the split-window and the single-channel algorithms. Land use map was generated using supervised classification random forest method and its performance was assessed by two criteria of overall accuracy and kappa coefficient. In order to survey spatial autocorrelation and clustering, pattern of hot spots, the two statistics of Anselin Local Moran's I and Getis-Ord GI were applied. In 1988, land uses of vegetated, barren, and urban built-up lands were occupied 30.1, 32.53 and 37.37 percent of the city area, respectively; in 2018, the areas of these land uses were 16.36, 9.56 and 74.08 percents, respectively. A threefold and twice-fold decrease in the area was observed for barren and vegetated lands, respectively; while the area of urban built-up lands had more than doubled. The calculated values for urban-heat-island ratio index (URI) in 1988, 1998, 2008, and 2018 were 0.45, 0.34, 0.11, and 0.22, respectively. The outcomes of two considered spatial statistics indicated the clustering, pattern for UHI of the Minab city. In addition, there was a good agreement between the results of Getis-Ord GI statistic (hotspots spatial analysis) and the Local Moran's I statistic (spatial autocorrelation) on the spatial pattern of heat and cool clusters. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

95 - Study of the relationship between land use and vegetation changes with the land surface temperature in Namin County
Azad Kakehmami Ardavan Ghorbani Sayyad Asghari Sarasekanrood Ehsan Ghale Sahar Ghafari

10.30495/girs.2020.674652

Background and ObjectiveRapid development of cities due to extensive changes in land use and land cover has had negative effects on global environmental quality. Land cover and  land use changes, and the development of urban and agricultural regions and deforestati More

Background and ObjectiveRapid development of cities due to extensive changes in land use and land cover has had negative effects on global environmental quality. Land cover and  land use changes, and the development of urban and agricultural regions and deforestation are changing the regional and local temperature regime. Knowing the land surface temperature degrees contribute significantly to a wide range of issues relating to the Earth science such as urban climate, global environmental changes, and the study of the interaction of human and the environment. The lack of sufficient meteorological stations to be aware of temperature values in regions lacking a station is considered as a major flaw in monitoring the land surface temperature. Due to the information limitations, collecting data especially to a large extent,  is associated with many problems and obstacles, and the real-time access is difficult or impossible. Therefore, the need to use remote sensing technology with time conditions along with the feature of continuity and data collection in wide ranges can be very effective. The purpose of this study is to investigate the land surface temperature of Namin county in a period of 28 years and to compare the obtained results with land use and vegetation changes. Materials and MethodsThe data used in this study included  Landsat 8 satellite image of the OLI sensor in order to extract land use map and  TIRS sensor image to extract land surface temperature for the year 2015. Moreover, Landsat 5 satellite image of the TM sensor were used to extract land use map by using visible and infrared bands, and also to extract land surface temperature by using thermal bands for the year 1987. Images were taken in late spring and early summer due to the lack of high cloudy and snowy covers , as well as the high intensity of sunlight. The eCognition8.9 software was used for object-based classification. Classification in five classes (dry and irrigated farming, rangeland, forest and residential) and six classes (dry and irrigated farming, rangeland, forest, residential and water bodies) were selected  for the years 1987 and 2015 respectively. To assess the accuracy and comparison of the obtained maps, the error matrix, overall accuracy, and kappa statistics were used. Split-Window method was used to extract the land surface temperature of the study area. Finally, in order to analyze the relationship between land surface temperature with vegetation index, the correlation coefficients between land surface temperature and vegetation index were calculated based on land use types in the years 1987 and 2015. Results and Discussion The highest land use area in the years 1987 and 2015 belongs to the rangeland use with 43781 and 34114 hectares  respectively and the second land use area belongs to dry farming use with 23854 and 33277 hectares respectively. Moreover due to the lack of water use , the lowest land use area in 1987 belongs to residential use with 1301 hectares, while in 2015 with the construction of water structures, water use with an area of 86 hectares has the lowest land use area. The highest land use area increase was in the dry farming with 9423 hectares, which is a significant increase compared to 1987. The highest recorded temperature for Namin county in 1987 and 2015 was related to dry farming use (34°C and 27°C, respectively), indicating the concentration of heat in these regions. This type of land use has the highest temperature due to the factors such as the dryness of the products at this time and the harvest of the products. In 1987, dry farming use had the highest temperature (34°C), but in 2015 it experienced a decrease in temperature (27°C), despite the fact that it had the highest land surface temperature compared to other  types of land uses in 2015. The reason can be attributed to the factor of harvesting crops. Due to the fact that the rainfed crops in the study area are mostly wheat, and at this time of the season, most of the wheat is ripe or harvested, so the transpiration of these products is insignificant. The lowest recorded temperatures in Namin county are related to the uses of water bodies (21°C), forest (21°C) and irrigated farming (22°C), respectively. Since water has a high heat capacity, it has the greatest effect on reducing the temperature. In forest and irrigated farming land uses, due to the higher vegetation density, the land surface temperature has the lowest value (23°C and 24°C in 1987 and 21°C and 22°C in 2015 respectively) compared to the other land use types. Agricultural land use in this area has the lowest land surface temperature (24°C in 1987 and 21°C in 2015) after forest areas. Due to the fact that the crops cultivated in this area are plants such as potatoes and these plants have more water needs, therefore these plants have a high greenness value at June to early July, which has led to more transpiration in the area where they are cultivated than other areas, thus it has been very effective in keeping the land surface temperature cool. The rangeland use has had high land surface temperatures (27°C and 25°C, respectively) in the two study  years, and there is little difference between the two years. According to the study season which was late June to early July, the high temperature of this land use type is due to the increase in the areas lacking canopy cover or areas having low or scattered vegetation. Due to the fact that in August, most of the leaves and brunches of the existing plants are dry and the transpiration is low, high temperatures are also recorded. The relationship between land surface temperature and vegetation index in rangeland use in the two study years had the highest correlation (0.91 in 1987 and 0.83 in 2015), while the correlation coefficient of the forest use was the lowest (0.46 in 1987 and 0.23 in 2015). Conclusion Land use type and land use and vegetation changes have a significant effect on land surface temperature changes. However, areas without vegetation have a higher land surface temperature than the areas with vegetation. The results showed that there was no significant correlation between vegetation cover and land surface temperature, which is mainly due to sufficient vegetation. In general, the results showed that in most areas with lower temperatures, there is high density vegetation indicating an inverse relationship between vegetation index and land surface temperature. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

96 - Monitoring and predicting land use changes using landsat satellite images by Cellular Automata and Markov model (Case study: Abbasabad area, Mazandaran province)
Amer Nikpour Hamid Amounia Elahe Nourpasandi

10.30495/girs.2021.678602

Background and ObjectiveToday, land use change in many countries has become an important challenge that has many effects on the environment. Accordingly, the study of land use change at different scales is one of the important issues in the proper management of natural More

Background and ObjectiveToday, land use change in many countries has become an important challenge that has many effects on the environment. Accordingly, the study of land use change at different scales is one of the important issues in the proper management of natural resources and environmental change at various levels. Therefore, being aware of land use changes and investigating their causes and factors in several time periods, and predicting land use changes in the future can be properly planned to reduce adverse effects, which has been considered by planners and city managers. They help in land use planning. Also, converting land uses to each other and changing the use of vegetation is known as an important issue. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to monitor and predict land use changes and land cover in Abbasabad urban area in the future; Using these changes, appropriate management measures can be taken to preserve and rehabilitate lands. Materials and Methods A combination of an automated cell model and Markov chain in the Abbasabad urban area was used to predict land use change; The relevant images were taken from the TM and OLI sensors of the Landsat 8 and 5 satellites at the USGS site. Four user classes, including zone class built with code number 1, vegetation class with code number 2, water resources class with code number 3, and barren land class with code number 4, were separated for Abbasabad urban area. Obtained USGS. In order to extract land use classes, after checking several methods, object-oriented classification method and support vector machine (SVM) algorithm were used due to better efficiency. Evaluation of Babian satellite imagery classification The overall accuracy and kappa coefficient were performed for three periods of time. Each of these classified maps was evaluated by drawing an error matrix. 250 sample points were used to prepare this matrix. The type of sampling was stratified sampling. Also, to determine land use changes in 2030, classified maps were used and with the help of TerrSet software, changes made in classes and their percentages were obtained, and using the CA-MARKOV model, changes of different classes based on matrices. The possibility of transfer was predicted. Results and Discussion The results during 1997, 2006, and 2017 show that the constructed area has an increasing trend and the uses of vegetation, barren lands, and water resources have a decreasing trend and 23279 hectares of lands in the region are built area dedicated. The kappa coefficient calculated for 1997, 2006, and 2017 is 0.86, 0.89, and 0.89, respectively. Markov chain forecasting model with 85% accuracy stated that the trend of land use change for 2030 will be the same as in previous years, and this indicates that the conversion and change of land uses will proceed as before, and it is necessary to mention this point that the identical uses of vegetation to vegetation cover the largest area during the years 2006 to 2017, and this shows that in this area, vegetation is still stable and has undergone less changes. Conclusion The output of the 13-year forecast map for 2030 in this study indicates the appropriate accuracy of the CA-MARKOV model. In addition, this output shows that this method can be trusted for short-term planning. These forecast maps can be a good guide for managers and urban planners. To achieve better results, it is recommended to use a combination of automated cell model and Markov chain to monitor and predict changes nationwide. The results of this study, in addition to helping to reduce the volume of input data, but also in the processing of classified images and in predicting them for the future. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

97 - Evaluating the implications of urban growth on carbon fixation ecosystem services (Case study: Karaj Subcatchments)
Sareh Alsadat Sajjadi Ghaemmaghami Romina Sayahnia Naghmeh Mobarghei Dinan Majid Makhdoum Farkhondeh

10.30495/girs.2021.677995

Background and Objective In recent decades, natural ecosystems have undergone fundamental changes due to increasing population growth and increasing demand in order to provide the necessary facilities for human welfare. Since these changes are generally associated with More

Background and Objective In recent decades, natural ecosystems have undergone fundamental changes due to increasing population growth and increasing demand in order to provide the necessary facilities for human welfare. Since these changes are generally associated with environmental degradation, one should always be concerned about the damage to the ecosystem that supports human life. Therefore, the maintenance and protection of ecosystems are critical to achieving balance, equilibrium and coordination between human society and the ecosystem and their functional services. Ecosystem services have the potential to be considered as a key tool for policy-making and decision-making at the global, national, regional and local levels. Using ecosystem services, several applications including sustainable management of natural resources, land use optimization, environmental protection, nature conservation and restoration, landscaping, basic nature solutions, water conservation and weather, disaster risk reduction, environmental education and environmental research can be pursued. However, the relationship between ecosystem processes and functions and human well-being is complex and a multifaceted and preventive approach must be taken to evaluate these relationships and value the benefits. The purpose of this study was to investigate the trend of changes in ecosystem services in urban growth and development, evaluation of ecosystem services and the consequences of urban growth on carbon storage ecosystem service in the study area of Karaj catchment area in the period (before and after the development of irrationality). Materials and Methods Ecosystem services mapping is an effective tool to improve land planning and land use. Valuation of these services can be an effective factor and a promising way to explain the relationship between services, society and the economy and can play an effective role in the cost-benefit system of policies to rehabilitate and manage the environment. In this study, carbon storage service was investigated in three catchments of Alborz, Karaj, Hashtgerd and Eshtehard provinces. Since the study area covers almost two-thirds of the province, so in the study of the characteristics of the study area, the same characteristics of the Alborz province have been mentioned. In line with this research, In the first step, land use maps of the study area using trust software and GIS and Landsat satellite imagery (Landsat 5TM sensor images 1988, Landsat 8 satellite ETM+ sensor 2018), and the Supervised classification have been applied for the two periods of 1988 and 2018 in four classes of vegetation, man-made space, the aquatic environment and non-man-made space. After preparing the land use map, the accuracy of the maps was checked using Google Earth software and field visits. Then, using the land use map, the carbon storage ecosystem service map was extracted using Invest software and finally evaluated using soil carbon, ground carbon, basement and dead tissue information. Results and Discussion The results showed that the most changes in land use maps belong to non-constructed space and man-made space, which shows a decrease of 16% and an increase of 11%, respectively. Regarding carbon storage service, according to the plans obtained in two years, in the central part of the region, which has witnessed the growth of agricultural lands, the amount of carbon storage has also increased. The maximum carbon reserve, with a share of 78377470 tons per hectare in 1988 and 72618450 tons per hectare in 2018, belongs to the Tehran-Karaj basin, and the lowest with a share of 36078497 tons per hectare in 1988 and 34606913 tons per hectare per year. 2018, belongs to Eshtehard. In total, the value has increased from about 14163 billion rials per ton per hectare since 1988 to about 13163 billion rials in 2018, which has gone in a negative direction. Although the amount of carbon storage varied and changed in different places, the maximum amount of carbon storage remained unchanged during this period; because there is still unbuilt space. Conclusion In general, it can be stated that the use of ecosystem services valuation does not necessarily mean a reduction in the value of services in the development process, but it means that using this approach can be used to improve development planning to maintain and used to improve the quality of the ecosystem. In fact, it can be said that this approach can be used as an interface to link the anthropological and ecological sections under a single programmatic and managerial framework. and in order to; used instead of "to", especially after try, come, go More (Definitions, Synonyms, Translation).http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.26767082.1400.12.1.2.3 Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

98 - Modeling land cover changes in Golestan province using land change modeler (LCM)
Fatemeh Salarian Mohammadreza Tatian Abdolazim Ghanghermeh Reza Tamartash

10.30495/girs.2021.681267

Background and Objective In recent decades, land use change due to environmental and human factors has caused serious effects on the environment and the economy in Golestan province. On the other hand, wide rangelands and natural areas have been cultivated without obser More

Background and Objective In recent decades, land use change due to environmental and human factors has caused serious effects on the environment and the economy in Golestan province. On the other hand, wide rangelands and natural areas have been cultivated without observing ecological and scientific principles or have been exploited for special purposes and changing to other uses, while many of these lands are do not have the potential to become new land uses and they have a high potential for erosion, as a result of which we will see soil erosion, especially in sloping lands and the creation of destroyer floods. Therefore, it is necessary and essential to be aware of the type and manner of use and its possible changes over time, which will be important for planning and policy-making in the country. The aim of this study was to detection the land use changes in Golestan province during the years 1986 to 2019 and to predict the land use status of the region for 2050 using the Land Change Modeling (LCM) approach.Materials and Methods In order to monitor the trend of land use changes in the study area, Landsat 5 and 8 satellites (TM and OLI sensors for 1986, 2001, and 2019) were used. Interpretation and processing of satellite data were performed in ENVI software. The necessary pre-processing was performed on the images. First, the images were mosaic together and then cut according to the province boundary. In order to identify and separate the phenomena from each other, a false color image was created. Then, the supervised classification method with the maximum likelihood method was used. At this stage, five classes, including rangeland, agriculture, forestry, residential, and water areas were defined. Land use maps for 1986, 2001, and 2019 were prepared. Integration of land cover maps related to 1986, 2001, and 2019 was used as input of LCM model and digital elevation model (DEM) maps and road and stream layers to analyze area changes and prediction of land use changes of 2050. After the necessary analyzes in order to detect land use changes between the intended time periods, change maps and land use transfers were prepared. Finally, the amount of decrease and increase in each land use, the amount of net changes, the net change from other land uses to the desired class, areas without change and transfer from each land use to another land in different land cover classes in the form of maps and charts were prepared and analyzed.Results and Discussion The aim of this study was prediction and modeling of land use changes in a period of 33-years in Golestan province. According to the results during this period, the area of the rangelands has decreased a lot, equivalent to 181181.25 hectares. Much of the decline in rangelands is due to its conversion into agricultural, which can be attributed to population growth and the need to expand crop land. The area of forest lands during the mentioned years has decreased from 393018.75 to 349143.75 hectares in 2019, which has shown a decrease of 43875 hectares (2.2%). In general, the destruction of rangeland and forest areas is especially visible in developing countries due to population growth, technological growth and non-compliance with ecological principles and law enforcement. Also, the results of classified maps during the mentioned years show that the highest amount of changes in the region is related to agricultural lands, has increased to 173700 hectares equal to 8.5 % during the same period. The rate of land use changes related to the residential land class has also increased with the increasing trend from 18731.25 hectares in 1986 to 37518.75 hectares in 2019, which has increased by 18787.50 hectares (0.9%) during this period. Rapid growth of population has led to the development of residential and urban areas and the increase in this type of land use with a relatively steep slope, especially in recent years, which can be part of the government's plans for housing construction in the surrounding areas cities. This increase in the class of agricultural lands is more noticeable, especially in the central and eastern regions of the province, and can be a warning alarm for the future. It means that in an imperceptible trend, rangeland and forest lands become rainfed agricultural lands and after a while unprincipled exploitation, eventually become barren and unusable land. On the other hand, this could indicate an increase in population and demand for housing, and consequently securance of the needs of the residents of the region is a threat to rangeland lands which is necessary instead of increasing the agricultural and residential lands and turning rangeland lands into such land uses, the policy of increasing productivity in the agricultural sector should be pursued. About of water areas, it can be said that during this period, it has increased by 1.6% or 3268.75 hectares. This increase in water areas can be partly attributed to heavy rainfall and water intake and even floods in different parts of the province in 2019. Predicting the rate of land use change in 2050 indicates that in the coming years, the area of rangelands and forests will be reduced by 131906.25 and 291600 hectares, respectively, and in contrast to the area of agricultural land and residential areas will increase to 164137.50 and 25313.25 hectares, respectively. Therefore, the adoption of necessary measures and policies to further reduce forest and rangeland will be inevitable.Conclusion Understanding of the conditions of different land uses during the coming periods will facilitate planning for the future by creating information in terms of their spatial distribution pattern, but maintaining and creating sustainable conditions for the future both statistically and it is ecologically one of its limitations. These constraints play an important role in the safe use of different land uses in the planning process. Therefore, creating sustainable conditions in the region and modeling it in order to use the natural resources of a region regularly and sustainably is one of the preconditions for achieving upstream visions and documents, including the sustainable development plan. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

99 - Efficiency of Google Earth Engine (GEE) system in land use change assessment and predicting it using CA-Markov model (Case study of Urmia plain)
Naser Soltani Vahid Mohammadnejad

10.30495/girs.2021.679276

Background and ObjectiveLand use reflects the interactive features between humans and the environment and describes how humans are exploited for one or more purposes on earth. Land use is usually defined based on human use of land, with an emphasis on the functional rol More

Background and ObjectiveLand use reflects the interactive features between humans and the environment and describes how humans are exploited for one or more purposes on earth. Land use is usually defined based on human use of land, with an emphasis on the functional role of land in economic activities. Land use map is one of the main factors in the study of natural resources and environmental management. Knowing the changes in land use and examining their causes and factors in a period of time can be of interest to planners and managers. The use of satellite data is a good tool for land use mapping, especially in large geographical areas, due to the provision of a wide and integrated view of an area, reproducibility, easy access, high accuracy of information obtained, and high-speed analysis. One of the most widely used methods of extracting information from satellite images is image classification, which allows users to generate different information. Google Earth Engine (GEE) is a web, cloud-based system developed by Google to store and analyze large amounts of data at the petabyte scale (including various satellite imagery, digital models, climatic and vector data). Speed in processing and access to diverse data is one of the issues and problems of land use change studies. The purpose of this paper is to classify satellite images using the support vector machine learning method in the two periods of 2000 and 2020 and to produce a land use map of these two periods in the Google Earth engine system. Materials and Methods In this paper, Urmia city and its surrounding areas (Urmia plain) have been evaluated. In order to prepare land use maps and study its changes, Landsat 7 ETM+ sensor for 2000 and Landsat OLI 8 for 2020 have been used. Images from June were used, when vegetation reached its maximum vegetative growth. Various methods have been developed to monitor and measure land cover and land use changes. In this paper, the efficiency of the Google Earth Engine system for collecting, managing, and processing remote sensing data has been evaluated in order to prove and introduce the speed and accuracy of this system. In order to produce the land use map, the Support Vector Machine classification method has been used. The main difference between this paper and other research is that the management and processing of images have been done in the Google Earth Engine system, which means that the researcher does not need expensive and licensed software such as ENVI and only by access to the Internet can do the processing. By developing the code for image classification using the support vector machine method, the images of 2000 and 2020 were classified. Six land use classes were identified, including barren lands, man-made lands, orchards, irrigated agriculture, rainfed agriculture, and irrigated areas. After classifying images, the results were stored in Google Drive and prepared for further analysis. The classification results were entered into ArcGIS software and the classification accuracy was evaluated using control points obtained from Google Earth images as well as data related to the land use management plan of West Azerbaijan province. In this paper, in addition to preparing a land use map in the Google Earth Engine system, it was used to forecast and model land uses for 2040 using the CA-Markov transfer estimator. Results and Discussion After calling and classification of images in the Google Earth engine environment using the SVM method, land use map for 2000 and 2020 was produced. The prepared maps include man-made lands, orchards, irrigated agriculture, rainfed agriculture, and barren lands. A comparison of different land use in 2000 and 2020 shows that extensive changes have taken place in them. Some of these changes are positive and some are negative. The area of barren lands in 2020 compared to 2000 has increased by about 10 square kilometers, man-made lands, 42.62 square kilometers, orchards 67 square kilometers, and water bodies 0.39 square kilometers. In contrast, rainfed agriculture has lost 39.45 and irrigated agriculture has lost 80 square kilometers. The reason for the increase in orchards can be seen in the change of irrigated agricultural uses to orchards, as well as urban development and the creation of various human infrastructures, which is very evident in recent years. Most of the changes are related to the use of orchards with a positive trend during which many irrigated agricultural lands have become garden lands. These changes have increased the production of horticultural products in Urmia and become one of the hubs of horticultural production, especially apples. the area of man-made land has almost doubled, which usually happens in other parts of the country and is normal. Usually, with the increase in the population of cities as well as villages and the need to build new buildings and infrastructure facilities such as factories, sports fields, roads, entertainment spaces, etc., man-made uses have increased. According to the forecast for 2040 using the CA-Markov method in Idrisi software, the highest growth is related to rainfed agricultural use. It is predicted that during this period, the area of rainfed lands will reach 73.40 square kilometers. The man-made land will increase to 90.9 square kilometers. While its value in 2020 was 76.38 square kilometers. On the other hand, the area of orchards will increase from 31.61 square kilometers in 2020 to 72.15 square kilometers. Irrigated agriculture will increase to 27.38 square kilometers with an increasing trend. Conclusion Studies show that the growth of man-made lands in Urmia city and its surroundings is not commensurate with other land uses and this has led to the growth of land use area of the man-made lands compared to other uses and this issue has caused the phenomenon of expansion has become in Urmia city. On the other hand, the results show that the study of land use using the time series of satellite images is a time saver and cost, and as mentioned in the paper. different land uses for the years 2000 and 2020, prepared using the Google Earth system, and their changes were identified. Another important result of this paper is the high efficiency of the GEE system in processing large volumes of satellite images. Using this system does not require any specialized remote sensing software and the user can easily process various data using a computer browser or even a smartphone. Another important point is that in this system, there is no need to download different images, but the user can only download the processing result. This is very useful in terms of time and processing speed. The GEE system is able to process large volumes of time series data (here satellite imagery), different regions of the world with very high speed and very low time, and present the results in the form of various maps and graphs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

100 - Investigation of subsidence trend in Isfahan plain using radar differential interferometry technique
Marjan Talebiniya Hassan Khosravi Gholamreza Zehtabian Arash Malekian Hamidreza Keshtkar

10.30495/girs.2023.690220

In the present study, to investigate the occurrence of land subsidence in Isfahan plain, SNAP8.0 software and radar differential interferometry technique were used. For this purpose, after processing Sentinel-1A images in the period 2019-2015, rate and intensity subside More

In the present study, to investigate the occurrence of land subsidence in Isfahan plain, SNAP8.0 software and radar differential interferometry technique were used. For this purpose, after processing Sentinel-1A images in the period 2019-2015, rate and intensity subsidence maps were prepared in the desired period. Also, changes in groundwater water level in the period 2002-2018, as one of the geodetic factors affecting subsidence, were studied to match the points that have subsidence. Then the output of SNAP software was studied using ArcGIS10.8, with land use layers and average water level changes and Maps of mean subsidence changes, groundwater drop, standard deviation and time of maximum subsidence were prepared. The results show the occurrence of subsidence phenomenon in areas with groundwater decline with urban use, roads and agricultural lands with a maximum rate of 14.2- 20.8 cm in the years 2018-2019. The average change represents the maximum subsidence of 9.6 cm per year, in line with the satellite line of sight, in the urban area. Also, spatial analysis of subsidence hazards at strategic points showed that the study area needs to provide the necessary warnings for the occurrence of subsidence crisis on a larger scale in the future. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

101 - Assessment relations of land use in heat islands using time series ASTER sensor data (Case study: Bandar Abbas city)
Ali aKbar Matkan Ahmad Nohegar Babak Mirbagheri Nahid Torkchin

Investigation of the situation of heat radiation scattering and its relationship by land use types is important in identification of the urban microclimate. Temperature is one of the features that are influenced by environmental conditions and it is considered as one of More

Investigation of the situation of heat radiation scattering and its relationship by land use types is important in identification of the urban microclimate. Temperature is one of the features that are influenced by environmental conditions and it is considered as one of quality indices of environmental. According to this study the quality of the environment and the amount of pressure on which come to attention. On the other hand, land use planning as the main core of the urban planning based understanding of the environment is searching to find a way to improvement of environmental, social and ecological system of cities to the aims of sustainable development, especially countries. In this study, the effects of land use/cover and risk of land surface temperature (LST) in the coastal city of Bandar Abbas assessed by using satellite imaging data Terra ASTER for the years 2007 and 2011. After the processing required and using the heat equation, the surface temperature was prepared. Land use layers and harvesting of selected parts and also inferential statistical tests (Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman correlation coefficient) the relation between land use/cover and surface temperature was calculated. The results showed industrial areas, barren land of high temperature and high coastal areas due to the presence of water due to evaporation and transpiration from vegetation green leaf area of trees and shade temperatures were lower than those of other users. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

102 - Comparing land use maps produced from IRS-WiFS and MODIS satellite images (Case study: Semirom- Borujen region)
Rohollah Kazemi Hassan Yeganeh Seyed Jamaloddin Khajeddin Fazel Amiri

The aims of the present research were comparison between land use maps produced through IRS-WiFS and MODIS satellite images taken from Semirom and Brojen regions. Various preprocessing, including image rectification was applied with geo-referencing of the image to a reg More

The aims of the present research were comparison between land use maps produced through IRS-WiFS and MODIS satellite images taken from Semirom and Brojen regions. Various preprocessing, including image rectification was applied with geo-referencing of the image to a registered image with an RMSe 0.5 pixel for MODIS and 0.35 pixel for IRS-WiFS. The atmospheric and topographic corrections were applied using subtraction of dark objects method and the Lambert method accordingly. Image processing including FCC, PCA, vegetation indices and supervised classification were employed to produce the land use maps. Two data sets of both IRS-WiFS and MODIS were used for this study. Finally the produced maps were controlled for their accuracies. Land-use map of MODIS produced with9 category and accuracy of 79.61 and with Kappa of 72.6, and land use map of IRS-WiFS produced with 8 category and accuracy of 90.2 and Kappa of 77.9 .Result showed that land use maps produced with IRS-WiFS data sets have very high accuracy. Results showed the same for land cover map produced with MODIS data sets. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

103 - Detecting of land use change with remote sensing technique (Case study: Shahriar province)
Zohre Davoudi Monazam Ali Hajinejad Mohsen Abbasnia Sima Pourhashemi

The loss of spatial balance and inharmonious physics development across regions, especially in the metropolitans has made monitoring changes in land use and its direction in harmony with reducing the harmful effects in the long and short run became the main issues of po More

The loss of spatial balance and inharmonious physics development across regions, especially in the metropolitans has made monitoring changes in land use and its direction in harmony with reducing the harmful effects in the long and short run became the main issues of policymakers and policy planners’ concerns. The aim of the study was to detect changing in Shahriar's land use via three methods of support  vector machine (SVM), neural network classifier (NNC) and maximum likelihood classifier (MLC) during (1987-2009) using LandSat digital images. The results showed that during a 22 years period, the urban development increased and agricultural land declined. The decline in agricultural land has been 37, 26 and 25 percent based on SVM, NNC and MLC methods, respectively. Furthermore, the result indicated that urban land has been increased 57 and 41 percent via SVM and NNC, while agriculture land has been decreased four percent based on MLC, which demonstrates the weaknesses in accounting estimates of this method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

104 - Development trend analysis of urban heat island regarding land use/cover changes using time series of landSat images
Sirous Hashemi Dareh Badami Isar Nouraeisefat Saeid Karimi Sajad Nazari

Using time series of satellite images is a cheap and efficient way to study trend changes of natural and human phenomena. The aim of the studyis to analyze the development of Urban Heat Iisland (UHI) in Rasht using time series satellite images. For this study, time seri More

Using time series of satellite images is a cheap and efficient way to study trend changes of natural and human phenomena. The aim of the studyis to analyze the development of Urban Heat Iisland (UHI) in Rasht using time series satellite images. For this study, time series of LandSat images during 1990 and 2015 were used. Thresholding Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Fraction Vegetation Cover (FVC) method has been applied to obtain the land surface emissivity; in addition, Planck's law for TM and ETM+ images and Split Window (SW) algorithm for OLI/TIRS images were utilized in order to retrieve land surface temperature. UHI and FVC trends were analyzed by statistical and Mann-Kendall methods. Statistical analysis showed that the average of FVC has decreased during the study periodand data skewness has changed to low FVC. The reduction trendhas increased FVC caused an average normalized temperature during the study period and also enhanced the data skewness of land surface temperature. The Mann-Kendall spatial analysis showed that in most of the study area, the land surface temperature and vegetation fraction haveincreased and decreasing trends, respectively; these mentioned trends have been intensified in the places where gardens and agricultural land uses were changed into built-up ones. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

105 - Evaluation of surface temperature in relation to land use/cover using remote sensing data
Behrouz Ahmadi Ardavan Ghorbani Taher Safarrad Behrouz Sobhani

This study aimed to evaluate land surface temperature in relation to vegetation and urban land use using remote sensing data within the city of Ardabil and urban margin of up to 15km radius, using 2010 Landsat TM image, after preprocessing, such as data preparation, rad More

This study aimed to evaluate land surface temperature in relation to vegetation and urban land use using remote sensing data within the city of Ardabil and urban margin of up to 15km radius, using 2010 Landsat TM image, after preprocessing, such as data preparation, radiometric and geometric correction, which was performed using ENVI®4.7 software. Then for measuring the surface temperature, the thermal band of an image using relevant equations for converting digital numbers to radiance and radiance to brightness temperature was used. In the next step for calculating emissivity the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) index was used and finally land use map in six classes using supervised classification method were extracted from the image. For extracting the vegetation fraction the Dimidiate model was used. To assess the accuracy of surface temperature extracted from the image, hourly data from 4 weather stations was used and to reconcile these data with each other, a simple regression equation was used. Results show that the coefficient of relationship between land surface temperature (derived from the image) and air temperature recorded at the stations was 0.79 and the correlation between recorded air temperature of stations and derived air temperature from the image was obtained 0.99. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

106 - Land use change modeling using artificial neural network and markov chain (Case study: Middle Coastal of Bushehr Province)
Mehdi Gholamalifard Mohsen Mirzayi Sharif Joorabian Shooshtari

Coastal lands of Bushehr Province has a high importance in terms of marine exporting and importing, oil and gas reserves, agriculture,  nuclear plant, suitable condition for fishing and tourist attractions. Therefore new desirable methods for monitoring and modelin More

Coastal lands of Bushehr Province has a high importance in terms of marine exporting and importing, oil and gas reserves, agriculture,  nuclear plant, suitable condition for fishing and tourist attractions. Therefore new desirable methods for monitoring and modeling changes are required to be used in these areas. This study was performed with the aimed of monitoring and modeling land use changes using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Markov Chain in Land Change Modeler (LCM) in 23 years period (1990-2011). After model accuracy assessment using kappa coefficient, land cover map of the year 2016 was predicted by the 2006-2011 calibration period. The results indicated that two trends include changes from open lands to agricultural and then quitting these agricultural lands have been observed during the study period. Such that, the agricultural area has increased to 19715.76 hectares from 1990 to 2006,but between 2005 to 2011, only 14.48% of agricultural lands has remained unchanged and the large area  of those were finally left. In this study, LCM was able to predict 0.76 of changes correctly. So that it was predicted 12000 hectares increasing of extent urban development in the coastal lands of Bushehr Province in 2016. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

107 - Comparison of different classification algorithms in satellite imagery to produce land use maps (Case study: Noor city)
Saleh Yousefi Mehdi Tazeh Somayeh Mirzaee Hamid Reza Moradi Shahla Tavangar

Land use mapping is one of the key factors in studies of environment and natural resources management. Mapping land use is often one of the most expensive parts of natural resources and environmental projects. Satellite data is one of the fastest and most cost-effective More

Land use mapping is one of the key factors in studies of environment and natural resources management. Mapping land use is often one of the most expensive parts of natural resources and environmental projects. Satellite data is one of the fastest and most cost-effective methods for mapping land use that is available for researchers. In recent years, researchers from the different methods of land use maps have been produced using this data. There is the different method to classify the images. Each method has advantages and disadvantages. The aim of this research is to determine the best images nine supervised classification methods to extract land use map of the Noor city by ETM+ sensor. The results showed that the SVM classification by 0.9503 factor kappa coefficient and 90.94% overall accuracy is better than other methods. The accuracy of the order of priority 9 that  is, SVM, Neural network, Mahalanobis distance, Maximum likelihood, Minimum distance from the mean, Spectral angle mapper, Spectral information divergence, parallel piped  and  binary code. All the research results of this study can be using the correct classification. Land use maps can be extracted with higher accuracy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

108 - Change detection in land use using remote sensing data and GIS (Case study: Ardabil county)
Marzieh Mosayebi Mohsen Maleki

Population growth, urban development and the need of new residential regions and resources for human food, enhanced land use changes all over the world. The aim of this study was detection of land use changes in the last 25 years in the county of Ardabil. In this resear More

Population growth, urban development and the need of new residential regions and resources for human food, enhanced land use changes all over the world. The aim of this study was detection of land use changes in the last 25 years in the county of Ardabil. In this research, changes in land use were investigated based on LandSat imagery interpretation in three time periods between, 1987, 1998 and 2010 using GIS and remote sensing techniques and statistical methods. The map of study region was then georeferenced using DGN after geometric and atmospheric correction. Sample points in each land use class were taken in sufficient number and of suitable distribution among the study area. Using supervised classification (maximum likelihood algorithm), the best band combination and the land use maps for the years 1987, 1998, and 2010 were produced. The accuracy of the produced land use maps using overall accuracy and Kappa statistic was approved. The results indicated that some irrigated farming, gardens, residential and industrial areas and degraded lands have increased between 1987 and 2010; and the area of some land uses have decreased such as forests, rangelands and dry farming areas during this period. According to the findings from this research on the period of 1987-1998, rangelands and forests decreased 10.20% and 0.5% respectively, but dry farming lands, irrigated farming lands, and the barrier lanes  have increased 5.62%, 1.8%, and 1.8% respectively. In the period of 1998-2010 rangelands, dry farming lands and forests have decreased 7.9%, 11.52% and 3.69% respectively, but irrigated farming lands have increased 1.2% and the barrier lands have also increased 17.7%. The kappa coefficient of land use maps was calculated 0.81, 0.87 and 0, 89 for the years 1987, 1998 and 2010 respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

109 - Investigation of land use classification algorithms using images fusion techniques (Case study: Beheshtabad Sub-basin)
Arash Fazeli Farsani Reza Ghazavi Mohammad Reza Farzaneh

In recent decades, land use changes cause an important environmental, economical and social damage in the world. Land use classification images are essential tools for land management and policy decisions.  Fusion of remote sensing data could increase quality and i More

In recent decades, land use changes cause an important environmental, economical and social damage in the world. Land use classification images are essential tools for land management and policy decisions.  Fusion of remote sensing data could increase quality and intensify of data. The main aim of this study was investigated of land use classification algorithms (Support Vector Machine Background, Neural Net, and Maximum Likelihood) using a fusion of OLI remote sensing data using Geographic Information System (GIS). According to the results, Gram-Schmidt method had the best punctuality for taking of the firstly data and rebuilding of images. The results showed that Maximum likelihood method increased accuracy of PC_Sharpened and Gram-Schmidt algorithms. A significant accuracy in land use classification was observed via combination techniques. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

110 - The Role of Urban Governance and Policy Making in Urban Land Use Planning in the Occurrence of Social Anomalies in the City with an Emphasis on Theft (A Case Study of Marand City)
Yousef ِarvishi hamid hasan biglo fatemeh Darvishi

Urban land use is one of the important tools to achieve macro social, economic and physical goals; Not only does it influence the city's investments and decisions, but it also plays an important role in social anomalies and urban security. The aim of this study was to i More

Urban land use is one of the important tools to achieve macro social, economic and physical goals; Not only does it influence the city's investments and decisions, but it also plays an important role in social anomalies and urban security. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of urban land use planning in reducing social anomalies in Marand. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of nature and field implementation method. The statistical population of the study is 260 male prisoners in Marand prison. According to the laws and regulations governing prisons across the country, interviews were allowed with 40 people, and the sample size of this study is 40 male prisoners. Also, to achieve the desired results, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by Cronbach's alpha test as 0.857, which indicates the high reliability of the questionnaires. Data analysis was performed in two parts: descriptive statistics (mean, graph, frequency, etc.) and inferential statistics (one-sample t-test). Findings show that urban land use planning has an effective role in reducing social anomalies in Marand. Residential land use, educational land use, administrative and military land use, have an effective role in reducing social anomalies in Marand. Land use and green space, commercial land use, does not play an effective role in reducing social anomalies in Marand. Therefore, in order to prevent the aggravation of Marand urban crimes, it is suggested that special attention be paid to planning the fair distribution of urban land use space and by monitoring the spaces that are less taken care of and changing their use if necessary and also by taking care of the spaces. Without an owner, he prevented the occurrence of crime in the city of Marand. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

111 - Impacts of Macro-Scale Parameters on Siminehrood River Basin
Farshid BostanManesh Sadegh Partani Rohollah Nori

Macro scale parameters (e.g. Land use, population density, geology and erosion etc.) have been considered as macro scale indicators (MSIs) to estimate the water quality in river. The effects of MSIs on water quality variables (that here in after call as micro scale vari More

Macro scale parameters (e.g. Land use, population density, geology and erosion etc.) have been considered as macro scale indicators (MSIs) to estimate the water quality in river. The effects of MSIs on water quality variables (that here in after call as micro scale variables / MSVs) were investigated through multivariate statistical analysis (MVA). Several MVA employed to find out, validation and verification of interaction effects in screening steep wise stages. The analysis was applied to in situ and laboratory measured data. The sampling process had been carried out on 15 stations, in three stages, in Siminehrood River. The Siminehrood River is located in north-west of Iran as one of important rivers which is terminated to Uremia Lake. MSVs includes all NSF variables. Results demonstrated the high resolution interaction between MSPs and MSVs. the results declared a dramatic relation between dry‌ farming/irrigated farming and PO4,TDS and Turbidity. Urban land use and first level erosion we considered as effective MSPs on BOD5, EC and TDS. High ranked pollution category of geological layer is detected as one of effective MSPs on PO4 and physical water quality variables. The results led the research to the MSPs estimating river water quality in comparative water quality studies in different river basins. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

112 - Investigating Land Use Changes In Tajyar Dam Basin Using The Erdas Software
Mir Mehrdad Mirsanjari nafiseh rezapoor

Revealing changes is one of the basic needs in managing and evaluating natural resources. Therefore, the map of user changes that is the result of the process of detecting changes can be made based on multivariate images of remote sensing. The purpose of this research i More

Revealing changes is one of the basic needs in managing and evaluating natural resources. Therefore, the map of user changes that is the result of the process of detecting changes can be made based on multivariate images of remote sensing. The purpose of this research is to classify the images of the Tajyar Dam in three years to find out the extent of change in land cover and land covered with vegetation. Remote sensing techniques are the best means for extracting land use maps. In this study land use changes in the Tajyar dam basin have been studied using the supervised classifications in Erdas software. The Tajyar Dam Basin with an area of 10898 ha is located in East Azarbaijan province and Sarab city. In the study area, two landslide satellite images from1996 and 2006 and 2015 were categorized. The results indicate that 2007 hectares of lands covered with vegetation have been reduced and added to dry lands. This change has been caused due to severe agricultural activities, plowing and unplanned grooves. The effect of cold air currents in the northwest of the country has caused the region to have a semi-arid climate of cold. Due to the aforementioned limitation and the state of consumption of agricultural products and the lack of attention to the ability of agricultural land, farming in areas that have no potential for doing this activity has reduced the quality of vegetation. The supervised classification in this method was carried out with an overall accuracy of 87%, which is acceptable at the level. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

113 - Effects of land use on groundwater quality, with an emphasis on the major cations and anions, case study of islamshar county
zahra farzanehdizaj zahra zanganesirdardi toraj nasrabadi mojtaba sayadi

Underground water resources in many regions of the world are the most important factor to create cities, and life in many areas depends on these waters. Also, in Islamshahr city, water supply of this area is ground water. Among 26 active wells in the rural part of city, More

Underground water resources in many regions of the world are the most important factor to create cities, and life in many areas depends on these waters. Also, in Islamshahr city, water supply of this area is ground water. Among 26 active wells in the rural part of city, by considering distribution of agricultural, residential and industrial areas, slope of the land (north west to south east), dispersion wells, having well’s information during 10 years and considering all Islamshar area, 14 wells were selected to study. The objective of this study is to evaluate the land use on the quality of water and study of process of changes on drinking water quality parameters in this area by using AqQa software, and GIS during 10 years (1385-1394). After study different elements and components of water and prepare their quality maps and determine the general trends of changes, it was known in the north west area, south west and south areas, most of chemical parameters of water have maximum concentration that in some cases these amounts are more than the limit set. Particularly for some elements like EC and TDS is more tangible. Finally, the study showed Geological structure, agricultural activities, Urban Development and population density are the most effective factors on the quality of ground water in Islamshahr city. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

114 - Investigation of farmland Use Change in the Area of Parishan Wetland and its Relationship with Groundwater Levels and Rainfall
Bahman Khodabandehlo Mohammadali Abasi Azita Zand

Land use is one of the most important factors that Man influences the environment through it. Changes in land cover and land use have direct effects on climate change, and there is a reciprocal and complex relationship between climate change and land cover change. There More

Land use is one of the most important factors that Man influences the environment through it. Changes in land cover and land use have direct effects on climate change, and there is a reciprocal and complex relationship between climate change and land cover change. Therefore, it is important to monitor land use changes for management and Presentation of management plans. Today, remote sensing and geographic information systems are widely used, especially in dealing with multiple geographic data and interpreting the vast area of the earth's surface. In this way, remote sensing data can be used as a suitable substitute for unregistered and past data, such as land use data and its changes over time periods, and serve as basic information for other studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate land use changes in the Perishan wetland area from 1990 to 2015 using a remote sensing technique and investigate the relationship between these changes with groundwater levels and precipitation. The results of this study showed that the farmland area increased by 1,371 hectares from 1990 to 2015, while the groundwater level decreased by 14.72 m. Also, the results of this study showed that the changes in land area of agriculture are inversely related to groundwater level and increasing the area of agricultural land leads to more groundwater discharge and lower groundwater level. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

115 - Survey the effect of land use changes on quantity of water Maroon River using RS and GIS
Khosro Shafei Motlagh Jahangir Poorhemat Hossen Sedghi Majid Hosseini

 The Correct management watersheds is one of the most important methods is the optimal use of soil and water resources. To do this, it s need for comprehensive information of different methods administrative management. Recent decades, correct and timely assessment More

 The Correct management watersheds is one of the most important methods is the optimal use of soil and water resources. To do this, it s need for comprehensive information of different methods administrative management. Recent decades, correct and timely assessment of quantitative and qualitative runoff is considered one of the concerns of the country's macro management.This project is modeling and evaluation and efficiency of the SWAT model to simulate the monthly runoff, sensitivity analysis, optimization of critical parameters, to evaluate the effect land use during the past four decades on Quantity of Maroon River watershed at the departure station (Idanak) in Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad. For this purpose, were used from semi-distributed SWAT model and SUFI2 program in the form of bundles SWAT CUP for sensitivity analysis, calibration, validation and uncertainty analysis.In this research first were prepared changes in land use map available as well as soil and vegetation in the watershed Maroon map within four ten-year period from 1980 to 2010 by using TM and ETM sensor of Landsat satellite .Observations Data of hydrometric Idenak station as base station was used during 1970 to 2010 in four ten-year period to observe changes in runoff during the calibration and validation. Compare the effect of land use management options on the different components of the hydrological cycle shows different amounts of runoff. Shows a the pessimistic scenario occurred in four decades. With continuing damage to the state in land use regression various amounts of runoff increases and decreases permeability and gullies on the surface and deep aquifers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

116 - آشکارسازی تغییرات کاربری اراضی و عوامل مؤثر بر آن با استفاده از شبکه عصبی مصنوعی(مورد مطالعه: شهرستان تالش)
شهرام امیرانتخابی فرهاد جوان حسن حسنی مقدم

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Open Access Article

117 - آشکارسازی تغییرات کاربری و پوشش اراضی با استفاده از تصاویر ماهواره ای و سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی (منطقه مورد مطالعه: استان مازندران)
کامران مجرد موسی کمانرودی

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Open Access Article

118 - Evaluating the legal location of the main urban uses using GIS (Case Study of Babol)
Ali Talebi Ali Talebi

Urban land use analysis examines how to use the distribution, conservation, spatial organization of urban activities and functions based on the needs and needs of the urban community. due to the disproportionate growth of cities and the imbalance of cities, it is import More

Urban land use analysis examines how to use the distribution, conservation, spatial organization of urban activities and functions based on the needs and needs of the urban community. due to the disproportionate growth of cities and the imbalance of cities, it is important to organize and optimize urban landscapes in order to improve the quality of urbanization and balance. The rapid expansion of urban areas and, consequently, the adoption of land use policy consider urban utilization as one of the most important determinants in the urban issues of the country; however, due to the diversity of distribution of urban use and the impact of the use of variables Various, analyzing and explaining it has always encountered problems. Therefore, recognizing and applying methods that can contribute to such an important step will be a good step for the faculty of the faculty of literature. The study of the process of evolution of the spatial structure of Babylon shows that in the years prior to 1300, various neighborhoods of the city were formed based on ethnic, religious and religious characteristics and have enjoyed a calm and organic growth. But in recent years, the implementation of developmental policies, without thinking and adapting to existing facts, seems to have resulted in physical growth and increased spatial separation among the neighborhoods of the city. The results show, which are descriptive-analytical and also using GIS , are of a practical nature, show that in allocating urban utilities, both spatial and per capita urban considerations Not done. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

119 - Monitoring of land use changes in Shahmirzad city using remote sensing data and spatial information system
amir kamalifard

In order to study urban development and land use changes in subsequent periods, we also obtained land use maps and land survey data from Landsat satellite imagery and land use studies in Shahmirzad city to achieve this. Important software is ENVI 5.3, ARC.GIS10.5 and Te More

In order to study urban development and land use changes in subsequent periods, we also obtained land use maps and land survey data from Landsat satellite imagery and land use studies in Shahmirzad city to achieve this. Important software is ENVI 5.3, ARC.GIS10.5 and Terrset. . The results show that over the years studied, the area of horticultural, waste land has declined, and residential and human-made land use has increased. It was 2855094 square meters in 2009 and 2429144 square meters in 2019, following a downward trend. Residential and man-made land in 1999 was 360623 square meters, in 2009 it was 1264976 square meters and in 2019 it was 2495357 square meters, indicating a significant increase. . The change detection revealed that most land use conversions in 1999-2009 were related to conversion of arable land to wastewater by about 20% and from 2009 to 2019 related to conversion of arable land into residential land. With about 16%. Survey results show that in the first 10 years, about 20% of the horticultural land has become waste land and in the second 10 years about 7% of the land has become residential and human-made. Validation of the model with a kappa coefficient of 0.76 indicates that the model may have weaknesses but has acceptable ability to predict changes in the region. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

120 - Modifications in Green Spaces of Kerman, Using Landsat Images Time Series (2000 - 2018)
Hamid Soltaninejad Soroush Khalili Zahra Shahi Mohammad Taghi Razavian

The explosion of the population and the development of cities in the last century have caused many problems, including the destruction of agricultural lands and green spaces, which is the subject of our discussion in this study. The city of Kerman has seen rapid growth More

The explosion of the population and the development of cities in the last century have caused many problems, including the destruction of agricultural lands and green spaces, which is the subject of our discussion in this study. The city of Kerman has seen rapid growth in recent years in the city's physical development, with its direct reflection of the loss of green spaces in and around the city. With the help of Landsat images and comparison of land use maps, it is clear that this trend has been rising rapidly between 2000 and 2018. In this research, data gathering was done through field observations and use of Landsat satellite imagery. ENVI, ArcGIS and Google Earth softwares have been used for statistical and visual analyzes. On satellite images in the ENVI software, radiometric correction was performed using Radiometric Calibration, and then by FLAASH Atmospheric Correction, an atmospheric correction was performed to minimize the error. The results show that over the years, almost 11% have been reduced from the share of agricultural lands and wastelands and by contrast, the share of land that has been built has increased the same amount. Therefore, it is possible to make suggestions including the use of infill development for the conservation of agricultural lands, the completion of the green belt of Kerman city by the municipality, construction on the arid lands in the 2nd district of Kerman, preventing land speculation, and fully comply with the rules of comprehensive and detailed plans, especially on urban green spaces. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

121 - Evaluation Remote sensing of land use effects on land surface temperature gradient using Landsat images: Case study: Kharestan Watershed
Abbasali vali abolfazl ranjbar marzieh mokarram farideh taripanah

Several factors affect the temperature gradient of the Land surface, one of the factors affecting human activities is land use changes that can lead to global temperature changes. Land surface temperature changes affect the natural climate of the region, so understandin More

Several factors affect the temperature gradient of the Land surface, one of the factors affecting human activities is land use changes that can lead to global temperature changes. Land surface temperature changes affect the natural climate of the region, so understanding its changes and balancing it is essential to understand the indirect effects of human intervention on ecosystems and their management. The aim of this study is to investigate land use, land surface temperature characteristics in each land use as well as correlation between land surface temperature variations and normalized difference index (NDVI). In this study, land use, land temperature and NDVI analysis was used from Landsat 5TM in 1990, 2010, ETM7 2000, and 8OLI for 2017. Land use was studied using supervised classification method. The results showed that the amount of land surface temperature in each land use was different and the maximom amount was found in the bare soil and in the built areas and the lowest in the garden. The difference in land surface temperature between built areas with vegetation in the years 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2017 was 3.58, 2.27, 3.20 and 2.12 ° C, respectively. Also, the difference in temperature between bare soil with vegetation cover in these four periods was 3/3, 0.8, 0.81 and 2.38 ° C respectively. In this study, the relationship between NDVI and surface temperature showed a negative correlation, so that areas with low NDVI had higher temperatures than those with high NDVI. The relationship between vegetation changes and surface temperature changes showed a significant correlation between these two parameters (R = 0.63). Therefore, it can be stated that land uses with more vegetation have lower temperatures than land uses with less cover. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

122 - Recognition and analysis of urban heat islands using Landsat 8 satellite image (Case example: Shiraz city)
Raha Dalaeli GholamReza Moradi Mahsa Dehghanian

The expansion of urbanization has significant effects on the planet. One of the effects that people are dealing with today is global warming, which has appeared as urban heat islands. Heat islands are urban areas that are significantly warmer than the surrounding enviro More

The expansion of urbanization has significant effects on the planet. One of the effects that people are dealing with today is global warming, which has appeared as urban heat islands. Heat islands are urban areas that are significantly warmer than the surrounding environment. The purpose of the research is to extract the spatial-temporal changes of the thermal islands of Shiraz using satellite images and to determine the relationship between the type of land cover and its surface temperature. In this regard, first the necessary pre-processing was done to prepare a user map on the images and the changes in land cover, water, wind, vegetation and albedo and the sky visibility index of the studied area were also extracted and satellite images were prepared and interpreted in the GIS environment. The results show that point number 9 (Qasr al-Dasht gardens of Shiraz) has the lowest temperature and this shows the inverse relationship between green spaces and thermal islands. The use of remote sensing data plays an important role in the management of urban space and effectively helps city managers in urban space planning. Urban building materials have a significant effect on intensifying heat islands in such a way that the use of standard materials reduces the temperature to a large extent, and vegetation has a reducing effect and built surfaces have intensifying effects on heat islands. The pattern of spatial and temporal distribution of thermal islands is influenced by the pattern of land use distribution. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

123 - Investigation and Prediction of Spatial and Temporal Land Use Changes in New Hashtgerd City by Integrating Remote Sensing Data and Cellular Automata Markov model
Sara Soukhtezari

Land use changes due to the physical expansion of the city in most cities in Iran are so rapid, that urban planners and managers are facing a dynamic and complex development as they integrate the planning process in these areas. The purpose of this study is to investiga More

Land use changes due to the physical expansion of the city in most cities in Iran are so rapid, that urban planners and managers are facing a dynamic and complex development as they integrate the planning process in these areas. The purpose of this study is to investigate land use changes and physical development of Hashtgerd city during the past 19 years and to predict land use change trends for the future. In this study, Landsat multi-time images were used. Using the support vector classification machine algorithm and the algorithm for Cross-Tab change, land use change trends over the past 19 years was evaluated. Also, using the Cellular Automata Markov prediction model, the process of land use change and physical expansion of the city is predicted for the future. The results of this study indicate the unnecessary expansion of the city over the past 19 years. So that the built-up with 736.56% growth have caused excessive destruction of agricultural and bare lands on the outskirts of the city. Investigations show that with increasing distance from land use changes have significantly reduced the amount of land use. Investigation of changes in land uses showed that 564/166 hectares of waste land has become residential land use. Predicting land use changes for 2028 and 2038 showed that residential land use will continue to increase. This highlights the need for special attention of urban planners and managers to the issue of urban development and its consequences in the region. Finally, the evaluation of the accuracy of the automated cell model showed that the percentage of classes area difference was less than 8%. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

124 - Ability to prepare methods land use maps using satellite images (Case study: Kamyaran city)
saman javaheri ali asghar torahi seyed mohammad tavakoli sabour

It is important to have new land use plans in many areas, including natural resource management and land planning. Remote sensing data has a high potential for preparing up-to-date land use maps and land cover. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the methods of pre More

It is important to have new land use plans in many areas, including natural resource management and land planning. Remote sensing data has a high potential for preparing up-to-date land use maps and land cover. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the methods of preparing land use maps of Kamyaran city using satellite images. In this study, OLI Landsat 8 satellite sensor data for June 2018 were used. Initially, preliminary processing, including radiometric, atmospheric, and geometric corrections, was performed on raw data. ground control points were used for training, accreditation, and land use mapping. The Landuse class was identified at each point by field survey and using Google Earth images in 9 user classes of agricultural lands, forest, garden, rich pastures, medium pastures, residential areas, water area, barren lands and rocky outcrops. In the following, maximum probability, minimum distance, support vector machine and Mahanalubi distance were used for the supervised classification in ENVI 5.3 software. To evaluate the accuracy of classification methods, two criteria of general accuracy and capa coefficient were used with ground control data. The results showed that the support vector machine method was 91.4% more accurate and the Kappa coefficient was 0.88% more accurate than other methods. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

125 - Monitoring and detection of Lorestan 1398 flood using satellite data in Google Earth Engine
Seyed Hossein Mirmousavi zahra taran

Flood is one of the most important natural disasters in Iran. Floods carry adverse effects such as life and financial risk in the years to come, as floods are more likely to occur and also because population growth is likely to result in more people settling in flood-vu More

Flood is one of the most important natural disasters in Iran. Floods carry adverse effects such as life and financial risk in the years to come, as floods are more likely to occur and also because population growth is likely to result in more people settling in flood-vulnerable areas. Monitoring and revealing flooded areas has a lot of function in managing the crisis and reducing the damages of the areas in case of the possibility of future floods. Based on this, the purpose of this study is to monitor and detect the flood event of 1398 in Lorestan province using satellite data in Google Earth Engine system. This system can be used to process and analyze flood maps without the need to download data or use high computing hardware. In this article, the time series data of TRMM and GPM satellites were extracted for the period of one year and one month of Farvardin 1398 and showed that the peak of heavy rainfall was on the 5th and 12th of Farvardin. Images related to the detection of flooded areas were also produced and analyzed using the data of Sentinel 1 and Landsat 8 satellites. The spatial survey of the flood areas in the relevant images shows that the cities of Noorabad, Al-Shatar, Borujerd, Durood, Azna and Khorramabad were the most and most prone to flood areas in Lorestan province and were more affected by floods than other cities. Also, the surface area of flooded areas for April 2018 in Lorestan province was estimated as 673.82 square kilometers. Finally, the results of land cover studies showed that the advance of flood was more in areas with grasslands, agricultural lands and urban and built areas. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

126 - Detection of land use changes using satellite imagery during the period 1984-2019 (Case study of Kamyaran city)
saman javaheri Ali asghar Torahi

Land use change due to human activities is one of the important issues in regional and development planning. Given the advantages and capabilities of satellite data, this technology can be of great help in identifying and detecting these changes. The purpose of this stu More

Land use change due to human activities is one of the important issues in regional and development planning. Given the advantages and capabilities of satellite data, this technology can be of great help in identifying and detecting these changes. The purpose of this study is to detect land use changes in Kamyaran city using satellite images over a period of 35 years. In this study, data from 1984 TM sensor, 2000 ETM + sensor and 2019 Landsat OLI sensor were used.  Initially, preliminary preprocessions including radiometric, atmospheric and geometric corrections were performed on the raw data. Land control points were used for training, accreditation and to prepare land use map. Land use class was determined by field survey and using Google Earth images in 9 land use classes of agricultural lands, forests, gardens, rich and wooded pastures, medium rangelands, residential areas, water area, barren lands and rock outcrops. Next, the neural network method was used to monitor the images in ENVI 5.3 software. The evaluation results showed that the overall accuracy and kappa coefficient of OLI classified images are 94.3 and 0.92%, ETM + 92.6 and 0.91% and TM 90.3 and 0.87%, respectively. The results showed that forest lands and rich and wooded pastures decreased significantly during three time periods, which decreased by 11.64 and 19.12 percent, respectively. So that rich and wooded pastures have an increasing trend until 2000 and in the next period until 2019 has a decreasing trend. Residential lands, water areas and gardens increased by 2.27%, 0.57% and 3.98%, respectively. Due to the growing trend of population and urbanization, the results of this study provide the necessary information to make basic decisions in the development of management policies for planners and regional managers for the sustainability and evaluation of natural resources. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

127 - Explaining the land-use analysis model for Peri-Urban areas planning
Mehran Rafiei

Peri-urban area, which is sometimes referred to as an urban fringe, can overcome the urban form and spatial planning challenges of the 21st century. In industrial or post-industrial countries, peri-urban are the realm of economic, social and spatial structure changes, w More

Peri-urban area, which is sometimes referred to as an urban fringe, can overcome the urban form and spatial planning challenges of the 21st century. In industrial or post-industrial countries, peri-urban are the realm of economic, social and spatial structure changes, while in newly industrialized countries and most developing countries, it is often a chaotic urban area that causes dispersal and uncoordinated urban development. Knowing and analyzing land use planning for these areas can lead to better management of these areas. The present research aims to identify and analyze these factors for peri-urban areas within a radius of 8 km between Tehran metropolis and Islamshahr city based on the data and maps of 2020 and based on 3 general categories of land use i.e. urban, agricultural and conservation with Considering the incompatibility between them. The research method is based on the applied and descriptive-analytical approach, which by considering the pattern of analysis of Land-Use Conflict Identification Strategy (LUCIS) and its implementation in the environment (GIS) was able to measure the desirability of the influencing factors of each of the mentioned land uses in the direction of planning. The findings of this research show that the uneven urban dispersion for any reason can have a direct and indirect effect on the formation and stability of peri-urban areas.Based on this, building the capacity for optimal planning is the best idea to respond to the interventions created in the unplanned development process of these areas. We can point to this achievement that peri-urban spaces are generally created spontaneously and unplanned around cities and metropolises need planning and foresight, so as not to destroy the agricultural lands around the cities; Lands with existing protective use should also be taken into consideration and protected so that we can witness a planned urban development in these areas. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

128 - Effect of urban construction on the temperature of the earth's surface (case study: Sahand New City)
Firouz jafaria shiva sattarzadeh

Following the increase in population and the growth of urbanization in recent decades, natural landscapes are being transformed into human landscapes and urban open spaces are being transformed into built-up areas. The purpose of this research is the changes made in urb More

Following the increase in population and the growth of urbanization in recent decades, natural landscapes are being transformed into human landscapes and urban open spaces are being transformed into built-up areas. The purpose of this research is the changes made in urban constructions and the excessive increase of buildings and their relationship with the surface temperature of the earth using Landsat satellite from 2005 to 2020 for the new city of Sahand. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method, and Global Human Settlement, Built-Up (GHSL) layers related to Landsat images of OLI/TIRS sensor in Google Earth Engine system have been used. The best results for the index of built-up complications were obtained with an accuracy rate of 79.97%, which was considered as the best method for extracting construction phenomena. While in 2010, it shows 45.32%, and the lowest rate of construction development is related to 2005, which showed 16.98%. The highest average air temperature for the LST image from 2010 to 2020 shows more than 16 degrees. In this year, the highest air temperature on the surface of the earth has coincided with the peripheral areas, built buildings and the northwestern parts of the new city of Sahand. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

129 - تحلیل پراکنش افقی منطقه 12 تهران در سال 1390و تاثیر ان بر توزیع کاربری ها
احمد پوراحمد شهلا عباسی

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Open Access Article

130 - ارزیابی و تحلیل توسعه فیزیکی شهرهای میانی با استفاده از RSوGIS(مطالعه موردی: شهرگنبد)
صالح آرخی حسین موسی زاده مهدی خداداد سید محمد موسوی پارسایی

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131 - نقش عوامل بیوفیزیکی و اجتماعی- اقتصادی درتوسعه شهری و حفظ معیارهای زیست محیطی با استفاده از مدل رگرسیون لاجستیک (نمونه موردی تبریز)
فرشته بابااوغلی میرسعید موسوی

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132 - بررسی و ارزیابی میزان تاب آوری ساختاری- کالبدی کاربری اراضی شهری در برابر بلایا(مطالعه موردی: منطقه ی یک شهرداری تهران)
یاسر معرب امید حیدری اسماعیل صالحی پیمان گلچین

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Open Access Article

133 - Spatial Analysis passenger terminal of Ilam and determine the suitable zone to provide the desired pattern using methods AHP and GIS
پاکزاد ازادخانی فروزان ابراهیمی

This study has been conducted with the aim of Spatial Analysis of Ilam passenger terminal because selection of suitable sites for an activity in the city is a massive decision which requires research in that place from different perspectives. Inappropriate placement of More

This study has been conducted with the aim of Spatial Analysis of Ilam passenger terminal because selection of suitable sites for an activity in the city is a massive decision which requires research in that place from different perspectives. Inappropriate placement of terminals in the city not only has negative effect on traffic network and bus network but also will have deleterious effects on the structure of city and urban context. This is important in cities, such as Ilam that has a large amount of population that enter it or exit. So in this research identifying effective factors to achieve sustainable development of terminals is notable. This research is descriptive-analytic. To analyze the data, the combination of geographic information system (GIS) and analytic Hierarchy (AHP) was used. The results of the study show that in locating Ilam's bus terminal, the necessary criteria and norms include the body criterion which is in really good condition(0.462), the social-economic criterion in good condition(0.380) and environmental criterion which is in relatively good condition (0.158). The results also showed that Ilam passenger terminals position is quite favorable and is located in appropriate zone and there are appropriate areas as desired patterns for passenger terminals in Ilam Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

134 - Change of the physical development of the city of Rasht and the surrounding land evaluation land use changes with satellite images
issar noraisefat sajad nazari Saeed karimi

Spread unplanned urban areas of serious environmental problems such as water pollution, loss of green space, increased air pollution and created. The monitoring of changes in urban areas and assess changes in land use in the study of urban planning and sustainable devel More

Spread unplanned urban areas of serious environmental problems such as water pollution, loss of green space, increased air pollution and created. The monitoring of changes in urban areas and assess changes in land use in the study of urban planning and sustainable development is important. This study aimed to evaluate the growth of Rasht and identification of land use changes for future decisions, using satellite images taken between 1986 and 2014. For this purpose, using Landsat images (1986-2000-2014) and classified using maximum likelihood techniques and detection of changes in method of comparison after classification, urban sprawl and land use changes in the review period. Using Marklasyk the urban sprawl and land use changes and the main directions of development of the city was calculated. The results of this study from 1986 to 2014 about 3188 hectares in size urban areas added to the expansion of 3153 hectares of orchards and agricultural land, and 35 hectares of rice fields were destroyed. Meanwhile, about 170 hectares of rice and 108 hectares of rice paddies, orchards and agricultural lands to orchards and agricultural land use change data. Check expansion of the city in different directions also indicate the highest growth in the North and North East and South and South West have taken place. Growth in the triangular tabs around town show the main roads in the city of Rasht. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

135 - Modeling land use map locations to produce a maps of noise pollution; (Case Study: Yasouj)
Alireza Parvizian Hajar Ahmadi Said amanpour Abdulmutallab derakhshan

The absence of abnormal noise and acoustic comfort in the workplace and people's lives . No sound and acoustic comfort in the environment can harm people's mental imbalance; The main objective of this research modeling land use map locations to produce a maps of noise p More

The absence of abnormal noise and acoustic comfort in the workplace and people's lives . No sound and acoustic comfort in the environment can harm people's mental imbalance; The main objective of this research modeling land use map locations to produce a maps of noise pollution is Yasouj. This study is descriptive and analytical in nature and in terms of purpose. Library and field study, no data were collected to determine the spatial distribution of land adjacent to extract acoustic comfort Map of the location database was used. In this study, the main variable is the distance as the basis for assessing the compatibility or incompatibility of establishment is from the perspective of proximity and vicinity. To analyze the information, software (Excel and GIS) is used. The model used in the analysis (FAHP) is a survey of five experts. Data analysis showed that among the four districts, the two most contaminated area and the area in between the four lowest infection is Yasouj areas. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

136 - An Analysis of Land Use Changing and Opportunities, Obstacles to Growth and Urban Development (Case Study: Zabol City)
Mohsen Ahadnejad ashraf azimzadeh irani saeid najafy

The main purpose of this research is to analyze the process of land use change and evaluate the opportunities and obstacles to the progress and growth of Zabol city. For this purpose, ETM, TIRS and OLI Landsat 5,7 and 8 satellite images were selected for the period of 1 More

The main purpose of this research is to analyze the process of land use change and evaluate the opportunities and obstacles to the progress and growth of Zabol city. For this purpose, ETM, TIRS and OLI Landsat 5,7 and 8 satellite images were selected for the period of 1395-1365.Then the indicators were extracted in two groups of internal and external factors according to Delphi experts.The results showed that in Zabol City most land use changes were made in the agricultural land area due to population increase and the need for housing and other urban needs. So, during the29 years of study, the lands constructed from 2578.10hectares in1365 reached 3419.92 hectares in1394.Also,the results of the Heldron model in Zabol City showed that around85% of the city's physical growth in the years 1365- 1394 was related to population growth and15% growth,related to the horizontal and sparse growth of the city, which reduced the density Gross population and an increase in per capita gross urban land. Zabol city was weak in terms of internal and external factors, but its severity was higher in external factors,but due to serious threats,Zabol city was in weak condition and its strategy was defensive. Thus, it can be said that the development of Zabol in the year1394-1365 is unbalanced, which indicates the landless changes in agricultural lands that need to guide,grow and develop the city with desirable programs.In other words,in addition to meeting the requirements of housing and other services needed by cities,they would prevent unnecessary construction. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

137 - Environmental Assessment of Land Use Due to Dust in the Last Three Decades Using Remote Sensing Technique and CA Markov Model Case Study of Ahvaz
Yaha Abdolkarim Nisi mohammadebrahim afifi Marzieh Mogholi

One of the environmental problems is the air pollution index, the most important index of which is the volume of suspended particles in the atmosphere, and in the southern and western cities of the country in recent years has increased significantly. The aim of this stu More

One of the environmental problems is the air pollution index, the most important index of which is the volume of suspended particles in the atmosphere, and in the southern and western cities of the country in recent years has increased significantly. The aim of this study was to monitor land use changes due to fine dust in the last three decades using remote sensing and CA-Markov in Ahvaz. The research method was field-analytical. After conducting preliminary studies and preparing appropriate satellite images, they were analyzed and evaluated with different amounts of educational samples and according to ground surveys. The images used were Landsat 7, 5 and 8 satellite images of 2000, 2010 and 2020, respectively. The classification was performed by artificial neural network method and the accuracy of the classification was evaluated and the prediction map of the study area was prepared using the CA-Markov model. The classification results showed that the lands built in 2000 increased from 10637.34 to 10925.76 hectares in 2010 and its area increased to 288.42 hectares. From 2000 to 2010, the green space increased from 1275.41 hectares to 1279.99, ie 58.4 hectares, due to the planting of hand-planted trees during these years to deal with fine dust. These changes have been decreasing from 2010 to 2020 and its area changes have increased from 1279.99 hectares to 1120.49, ie 159.50 area has been reduced. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

138 - Evaluation of soil loss rate in land uses of Nirchai watershed using RUSLE model and Landsat satellite images (OLI)
mousa Abedini AmirHesam Pasban Behrouz Nezafat takle

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the amount of soil loss in the land uses of the Nirchai watershed using the RUSLE model in Ardabil province. In order to carry out this research, first, the satellite image of the studied area related to the year 1400 and the More

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the amount of soil loss in the land uses of the Nirchai watershed using the RUSLE model in Ardabil province. In order to carry out this research, first, the satellite image of the studied area related to the year 1400 and the month of June was received from the American Geological Research Center, and after atmospheric and radiometric corrections, a land use map was prepared using the supervised classification method using the support vector machine method. Then the RUSLE model was used to estimate the erosion rate. SPSS 21, Excel, ArcGIS 5.4, Archydro and ENVI 5.3 software were used to analyze and produce maps in this research. RUSLE model parameter layer includes rain erosion layer, soil layer, topography layer, vegetation layer and soil protection factor as well as various statistics related to rain gauge stations, hydrometry, topographic maps 1:50000, geology 1:100000 as well as DEM (20 meters area) and GIS geographic information system and remote sensing have been used. The results of this study showed that the average amount of annual soil erosion for the whole basin ranges from 0.5 to 14.25 tons per hectare per year. Also, the investigation of the regression relationships between the factors of RUSLE model and the amount of annual soil erosion showed that the topography factor (LS) with the highest value of the coefficient of determination R^2=0.93 is the most important in estimating the annual soil erosion using the RUSLE model. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

139 - Investigating the Effect of Land Use Change on Soil Erosion and Sediment Yield in Razeychay Watershed During Past 20 Years
Mousa Abedini Farydeh Bahramnia Gojabeiglo Raoof Mostafazadeh AmirHesam Pasban

Soil erosion is a global problem that threatens water and soil resources and land use change is one of the important factors in soil erosion intensification. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of land use change on soil erosion in Razeychay watershed of Me More

Soil erosion is a global problem that threatens water and soil resources and land use change is one of the important factors in soil erosion intensification. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of land use change on soil erosion in Razeychay watershed of Meshginshahr located in Ardabil province. First, Landsat images of the study area in May 1999, and 2019 and were obtained from USGS website. In the image processing stage, atmospheric and radiometric corrections have been conducted, and then the land use maps of the study area has been prepared for study years using support vector machine (SVM) as a supervised classification method. Then, the RUSLE model was used to estimate the amount of erosion in the two time span. SPSS, Excel, Arc GIS 5.4, Archydro and ENVI 5.3 software were used to spatial analysis and data processing.The results showed that, rangeland, irrigated farming and bare lands have decreased during the last twenty years. While, the extent of dry farming and residential area have increased. Meanwhile, the highest change is related to dry farming (an increase of 27.69 hectares). According to the results of erosion modeling, the rate of erosion from 1999 to 2019 has decreased from 6.49 to 6.46 tons per hectare per year.             Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

140 - Comparison of different methods of classification of satellite images in preparing land use map (Case study: Lake Urmia)
Hossein nazmfar Monir Shirzad

The purpose of this study is to compare nine supervised methods in classifying land cover using Landsat 8 satellite images in Urmia Lake. The nature of this research has been developmental-applied and the method of performing it has been descriptive-analytical. For this More

The purpose of this study is to compare nine supervised methods in classifying land cover using Landsat 8 satellite images in Urmia Lake. The nature of this research has been developmental-applied and the method of performing it has been descriptive-analytical. For this purpose, satellite images of OLI sensor related to the date (7/8/2016 and 7/6/2016) were downloaded from the USGS site. And after applying the pre-processing using field visits and the Global Positioning Machine, instructional samples were prepared for each user (Lake, Agricultural land, Salty land, Waste land) in the study area. In the next step, the classification was performed using nine monitored algorithms (neural network, backup vector machine, maximum probability, mahalanobis, minimum distance from average, parallel surfaces, spectral information divergence, binary codes, spectral angle). In the last step, in order to check the accuracy and precision of image classification, evaluation criteria (manufacturer's accuracy, user accuracy, overall accuracy, kappa coefficient) were used. The results indicate that the classification method of backup vector machine with 99.57% capa coefficient after neural network vector support vector machine with 98.66% cappa coefficient and the maximum probability method with 98.58% capa coefficient after neural network method compared to other methods They are more accurate. Also the least accurate are binary code algorithms with parallel surfaces and spectral angles. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

141 - An Analysis of the Threat Network and Flood Risk Ring in Land Use Vulnerability with an Approach to Passive Defense and Urban Resilience (Case Study: Ravansar City)
Kioumars Maleki Abbas Malek Hosseini Eghbal Pahkideh Younes Maleki

In any crisis, a set of factors increase the risk of critical effects and make it difficult to control the crisis. In fact, passive defense as a logical insight and an important tool to prevent potential threats and provide individual and group security, security Demogr More

In any crisis, a set of factors increase the risk of critical effects and make it difficult to control the crisis. In fact, passive defense as a logical insight and an important tool to prevent potential threats and provide individual and group security, security Demographic centers and equipment-sensitive facilities and crisis vulnerability reduction are used.The present study, which is an analysis of the threat network and flood risk ring in land use vulnerability with an approach to passive defense and urban resilience in Ravansar, deals with the impact of deployment and optimization of land uses and the strategic role of passive defense in urban resilience. The type of research in this article is descriptive-analytical according to the nature of the subject. The results show that in case of floods in Ravansar, the most vulnerable will be in Gol Sefid neighborhood. The formation of a part of the neighborhood in the river bed and characteristics such as rural texture with high population density, impenetrable, fine-grained and failure to follow any principles of urban construction has increased the vulnerability of this place. Also, Bahar, Behdari and Boulevard neighborhoods have high flood potential and less resilience due to the low slope and high water table and location in the source of Sarab Ravansar and the junction of Asem Abad rivers from the west side and Khashkehrood from the northeast side. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

142 - Investigation of the Effect of Land Use Change on Runoff of Qarachai River Basin Using HEC-HMS Models
Sayyad Asghari Saraskanrood Alireza Saeidi

In recent decades, land use change under the influence of environmental and human factors has caused serious effects on the environment, economy and society. Hydrological models are a simplified representation of the actual hydrological system that studies the operation More

In recent decades, land use change under the influence of environmental and human factors has caused serious effects on the environment, economy and society. Hydrological models are a simplified representation of the actual hydrological system that studies the operation of the basin, so model selection requires recognizing the capabilities and limitations of hydrological models in the basin. In the present study, the analysis of land use changes and its effect on runoff in Qara-Chay basin was performed using HEC-HMS models. In order to investigate land use changes on the impact on basin runoff changes, the 2020 annual rainfall of the basin with 2001 land use characteristics was introduced to the model. The results related to land use changes show that the most changes in land use include changes related to land without vegetation in a decreasing manner and a mixture of irrigated and rainfed agriculture in an increasing manner. In the simulation of Gharachai catchment basin in HEC-HMS model, calibration of the basin in six sub-basins based on runoff peak, runoff height and runoff volume was examined. 94% and in the runoff peak element with 95.12% and in the runoff volume element with 97.5% show the correct implementation of the model on the basin. Therefore, it can be said that land use change in Qarachai catchment has increased the peak and volume of runoff and ultimately has led to an increase in runoff in this basin. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

143 - Investigation of environmental approach in modeling land use change in Babak city using satellite images, multi-criteria evaluation and Markov chain (1997 - 2021)
mohammadebrahim afifi ahmad mangeli meydok ali vakhshori

Abstract In urban areas, population growth has changed the use of agricultural lands to residential, commercial and industrial. These changes have unpleasant consequences for the urban environment, such as reduced vegetation and increased ambient temperature. Therefore, More

Abstract In urban areas, population growth has changed the use of agricultural lands to residential, commercial and industrial. These changes have unpleasant consequences for the urban environment, such as reduced vegetation and increased ambient temperature. Therefore, evaluating the effects of land use change for proper management in urban areas seems necessary. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the development of Babak city with regard to the category of sustainable urban spatial development from an ecological perspective. For this purpose, using Landsat 2, 7 and 8 multi-time satellite images and object-oriented satellite image processing techniques, land use changes in the period 2021-1997 with emphasis on the spatial expansion of Babak city have been evaluated. For this purpose, the factors affecting the physical development of Babak city were identified based on the research background in the form of 17 indicators and mapped using multivariate evaluation methods based on CLW fuzzy weighted linear combination and by extracting lands prone to future physical development During the years 2021-1997, using the Markov chain automated cell model, the future land use pattern was predicted in the form of an environmental protection approach and in accordance with the principles of sustainable development until 2065. If the results of this study are used, in Future developments of the city will cause the least damage to pasture and green lands Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

144 - On the Current Changes of Votes Between 1989 and 2019 Changes and Predicting the Changes Using Remote Sensing and CA-Markov and LCM Models
Behroz Sadayn Mohammad Ebrahim Afifi

Land use change has acted as a pivotal factor in environmental change and has become a global threat. Reviewing these changes through satellite imagery and predicting and evaluating their potential through modeling can help environmental planners and natural resource ma More

Land use change has acted as a pivotal factor in environmental change and has become a global threat. Reviewing these changes through satellite imagery and predicting and evaluating their potential through modeling can help environmental planners and natural resource managers to make informed decisions. The purpose of this study was to review, model, and predict land use changes in the 30-year period of 1993-2013 by the Markow-LCM chain model in Kangan and Assaluyeh. For this purpose, land use maps were prepared using ETM +, TM and OLI satellite imagery in three periods of 1993, 2003, and 2013. Then verifying the maps and detecting the changes. Using the classification of the neural network and applying the Land Change Modeler (LCM Markov model) and the Land Use Change Modeling Approach have been implemented. The results of detection of changes in the first period with a kappa coefficient of 97% and the second period of 1993-2003 with a kappa coefficient of 94% indicate that the largest changes in the area in the water area and the largest decrease in the area in the vegetation area occurred. In order to calibrate the Markov chain model, the 2013 map was predicted and the error mapping matrix of the 2013 map reference model and mapping utilization yielded a copper coefficient of 93%. The results of modeling the transfer force using the artificial neural network in most of the sub-models The high accuracy was 60-93%. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

145 - بررسی توزیع مراکز درمانی شهر ایلام به منظور ارائه الگوی مطلوب
پاکزاد آزادخانی زهرا رحیمی

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146 - سنجش خطرپذیری کاربری‌های شهری از منظر پدافند غیرعامل (نمونه موردی: شهر آبادان)
محمد علی فیروزی رضا نظرپور دزکی سعید حیدری نیا مصطفی محمدی ده چشمه

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147 - آشکار‌سازی تغییرات کاربری اراضی با استفاده از داده‌های سنجش از دور (مطالعه موردی: دشت بجنورد)
جواد فارسی مریم یوسفی

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148 - Determining Criteria and Measuring Resilience Status of Urban Land Use in District 22 of Tehran
Elnaz Rezaie Esmail Salehi Akramomolok Lahijanian Amirhoshang Ehsani

As of late, the city's quick development has caused numerous urban issues. One of these critical issues in urban areas is the absence of readiness in case of catastrophes in metropolitan territories. So as to stay away from this, the estimation and investigation of urba More

As of late, the city's quick development has caused numerous urban issues. One of these critical issues in urban areas is the absence of readiness in case of catastrophes in metropolitan territories. So as to stay away from this, the estimation and investigation of urban land use avalanche is vital. The general target of this paper is to get successful factors in the degree of urban land use debasement and decide the significance of every one of the criteria and pointers of the territory. 22 urban communities of Tehran are the natural region. The examination technique for this exploration is diagnostic distinct and its temperament is appropriate. In this paper, hypothetical establishments were first presented through the gathering of data and narrative examinations. In the accompanying, to decide the degree of land use debasement, strength criteria dependent on the Delphi approach and the investigation of past examinations were resolved. At that point, with the assistance of 20 employees and specialists gaining practical experience in urban arranging and the board, a couple of markers were looked at. So as to assess and finish the versatility of the FAHP technique, the GIS framework has been utilized. The aftereffects of the exploration demonstrate that the mean auxiliary, characteristic basic, basic, financial, social spatial-utilitarian flexibility is 0.54, 0.20, 0.069 and 0.193 individually. At last, the evaluation and appraisal from region 22 demonstrated that the territory is tolerably unobtrusive Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

149 - Evaluation of land use changes and its effect on surface albedo and surface temperature Case study: Cities from Sari to Chalous
Abbas Ebrahimi Taher Safarrad Gholamreza janbazghobadi

Land use change in cities leads to changes in surface temperature and surface albedo. Surface albedo plays an important role in land surface energy budget and climate. This article examines the land use changes and its effect on the surface albedo and surface temperatur More

Land use change in cities leads to changes in surface temperature and surface albedo. Surface albedo plays an important role in land surface energy budget and climate. This article examines the land use changes and its effect on the surface albedo and surface temperature. For this purpose, 3 satellite images of Landsat 5 and 8 were used for August, 1998, 2010 and 2017 in the area of Sari to Chalus cities. The Sabal algorithm was used to extract the surface temperature and surface albedo. Urban thermal characteristics were analyzed by examining the relationships between land surface temperature (LST) and two indices, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI). The results of this research confirm the inverse and significant relationship between LST and NDVI and the direct and significant relationship between LST and each of the variables Albedo and NDBI. On the other hand, during the years 1978 to 2017, built-Up area that form impervious surfaces have been replaced by natural and permeable surfaces, in other words, a decrease in NDVI and an increase in NDBI and Albedo have been observed in the studied area. The surface of the earth has been manifested in cities. Also, the correlation between NDVI and LST is rather weak, but there is a strong positive correlation between albedo, NDBI and LST. The increase in construction in cities has led to an increase in albedo and the subsequent increase in surface temperature due to the increase in impervious surfaces. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

150 - Analysis of Temperature Trends Isfahan City and its Surroundings
Khadijeh Salehi Amir Gandomkar

In recent years, land use changes in Isfahan city and its surroundings have been increasing, and these changes have been caused by factors such as population growth, economic interests, and changes in society's needs. The current research was conducted with the aim of i More

In recent years, land use changes in Isfahan city and its surroundings have been increasing, and these changes have been caused by factors such as population growth, economic interests, and changes in society's needs. The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the temperature changes of Isfahan city and its surroundings in a forty-year period (1979-2018). The current research is based on the purpose of applied research and its method is descriptive-analytical according to the subject of the research and its nature, and to investigate the temperature changes affected by the changes in land use and urban development of Isfahan city, temperature data from The city of Isfahan and the area of 50 kilometers around the city of Isfahan have been collected from the database of the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). To verify the accuracy, the data of meteorological stations of Isfahan, Isfahan Airport and Najaf-Abad have been compared and evaluated. became. The results of the research show that in this 40-year period, we have seen a significant increase in the average annual temperature from 0.06 degrees in the eastern area of Isfahan city to 0.11 degrees in the western area. This means that the average temperature of Isfahan city and its surrounding areas has increased between 2.5 degrees and 4 degrees during a period of 40 years. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

151 - Assessing the relationship between urban land use and thermal islands, Case study: Yazd desert city
کمال امیدوار کمال امیدوار سعیده موید فر سعیده موید فر مهران فاطمی مهران فاطمی مهدی نارنگی فرد مهدی نارنگی فرد

Urban thermal islands are one of the most common urban climatic phenomena in which some urban areas, especially urban centers, are several degrees warmer than the surrounding areas. The study of this phenomenon and its mechanism of study is very important for urban plan More

Urban thermal islands are one of the most common urban climatic phenomena in which some urban areas, especially urban centers, are several degrees warmer than the surrounding areas. The study of this phenomenon and its mechanism of study is very important for urban planning. This research has been applied in terms of analytical method and in terms of purpose and has been done with the aim of investigating the effect of applications on the temperature of Yazd desert city. To illustrate this relationship, images from the 2005 and 2015 Terra satellites measuring the Aster were used. The results of the studies show that the physical expansion of the city of Yazd in different historical periods, has led to the advancement of this city in the marginal salt and sand surfaces, so that construction and asphalt areas, increase and areas Salt and sand and barren lands on the outskirts of the city have declined. As a result, most of the thermal islands of Yazd city have been formed in marginal areas and barren lands. In this regard, there is a negative correlation between the two variables of vegetation and land surface temperature during the 10-year period, which indicates that the size of the heat islands has increased as the green space decreases Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

152 - The relationship between morphometric parameters and land use in Sardab and Bidsobhan watershed- Fars Province
Saeid Negahban Marzieh Makram

Watershed morphometric features a huge impact on its land use, so that in addition to being somewhat rugged topography and steep river basin are defining characteristics of microclimate, based on land use type, vegetation and soil are also effective. This research is ai More

Watershed morphometric features a huge impact on its land use, so that in addition to being somewhat rugged topography and steep river basin are defining characteristics of microclimate, based on land use type, vegetation and soil are also effective. This research is aimed to investigate the relationship between land use features and morphometric parameters in Sardab and Bidsobhan watershed in the northeastern of Fars province's. Morphometric parameters such as slope, elevation, landform and vegetation index NDVI were examined in the study area. Landsat 8 satellite imagery, Landsat ETM (2015) was used to extract the vegetation index NDVI. As well as to determine the Elevation, landforms and slope of the digital elevation model (DEM) was used ASTER. After mapping the slope and elevation and landforms of the area using topographic position indicator (TPI), Each of the morphometric parameters and units relationship between land use in the study. The results showed that most of the working pile and seeding, the medium-term grazing and agriculture in Class 1, Class 10 and 9 respectively in the protected area and garden is located. While the lowest seed landforms units and protected area in Class 6, Class 2 Units pile of work and medium-term grazing and agricultural and garden plants, respectively located in Grades 4 and 9. The maximum amount of dip in units Protection Zone (45/24) and the lowest in a pile of work and seeding (375/0) . The results showed that the maximum amount of DEM per enclosure medium term (3853 m) and the lowest in a pile of work and seeding (2539 m). The maximum and minimum NDVI values at a pile of work of the unit that represents the vegetation in the study area. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

153 - بررسی عوامل مؤثر در تغییرات الگوی جریان آب سطحی و تأثیرات آن در دینامیک محیط (مطالعه موردی: دشت موسیان استان ایلام)
محمدرضا جعفری* محمدرضا جعفری* ایرج جباری ایرج جباری حاجی کریمی حاجی کریمی

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c Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

154 - برنامه‌ریزی محیط‌زیست در مقیاس چشم‌انداز محلی مطالعه موردی: شهرستان کردکوی
شهربانو گلچوبی دیوا شهربانو گلچوبی دیوا منصور رضاعلی منصور رضاعلی سیداسحاق جلالیان سیداسحاق جلالیان فریبرز احمدی دهکاء فریبرز احمدی دهکاء

برنامه‌ریزی محیط‌زیستی شهرستان کردکوی با روش فرآیند برنامه‌ریزی و با استفاده از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی در مقیاس 1:50000 تا 1:250000 انجام شده است. برنامه‌ریزی محیط‌زیست، یک روش مدیریتی است که برای استفاده درخور و پایدار از امکانات و توانمندی‌های یک سرزمین و جلوگیری از More

برنامه‌ریزی محیط‌زیستی شهرستان کردکوی با روش فرآیند برنامه‌ریزی و با استفاده از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی در مقیاس 1:50000 تا 1:250000 انجام شده است. برنامه‌ریزی محیط‌زیست، یک روش مدیریتی است که برای استفاده درخور و پایدار از امکانات و توانمندی‌های یک سرزمین و جلوگیری از چالش‌های زیست‌محیطی مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرد. استفاده از این برنامه برایایجادتعادلوتوازندرمحیط‌زیستمناطقوتجهیزکانون‌هایتوسعهازطریقگسترشظرفیت‌هایزیربناییو تولیدیمحیطباتوجهبهقابلیت‌ها،شرایطوملاحظاتزیست‌محیطی،یکیازخطمشی‌هایمهمتوسعهاقتصادی مناطقمختلفکشور،توصیهشدهاست.تهیه طرح‌ها در مقیاس محلی روش مناسبی برای دستیابی به سکونتگاه‌های انسانی پایدارتر است، بر اساس قابلیت‌ها و تنگناهای محیط‌زیست طبیعی و انسان‌ساخت طرح‌ها و برنامه‌های توسعه کالبدی – فضایی برای هدایت تغییرات منطقه ارائه می‌شود.هدف از انجام این پژوهش انجام برنامه‌ریزی محیط‌زیستی برای شهرستان کردکوی به‌منظور تأمین نیازهای زیستی، اجتماعی، اقتصادی و افزایش کیفیت زندگی مادی و معنوی مردم شهرستان متناسب با توان اکولوژیک منطقه، جلوگیری از تخریب و آلودگی محیط‌زیست و اصلاح فرایندها و وضعیت نامناسب موجود و ارائه طرح و برنامه‌های توسعه برای جهت‌دهی تغییرات و تحولات متناسب با قابلیت‌ها و تنگناهای محیط‌زیست طبیعی و انسانی منطقه است. نتایج این تحقیق می‌تواند در برنامه‌ریزی‌های محیط‌زیستی و منطقه‌ای متناسب با توان اکولوژیک منطقه در جهت هدایت تغییرات و تحولات منطقه متناسب با قابلیت‌ها و تنگناهای محیطی برای سایر مناطق الگوی باشد. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

155 - land use change modeling using LCM module (Case study: NEKA region)
seyede massoomeh fathollahi roudbary Kamran Nasirahmadi mehrdad khanmohamadi

Land use/cover changes, especially human urbanization Cause destruction of natural habitats and threaten biodiversity. Regularly, Land use/cover models are one the most important methods for evaluating this trend. The objective of this study is the investigation of land More

Land use/cover changes, especially human urbanization Cause destruction of natural habitats and threaten biodiversity. Regularly, Land use/cover models are one the most important methods for evaluating this trend. The objective of this study is the investigation of land use/cover change and modeling in the Neka city using Land Change Modeler (LCM). Landsat TM (١٩٨8), ETM+ (٢٠٠2), and OLI (2016) data was used for land use/cover classification and change. In addition, transition potential modeling was conducted using an artificial neural network. In this method, 5 sub-models and 9 variables were used. Then calibration period (1988-2002) was used by Markov chain and hard prediction for extrapolating the 2016 land use/cover changes. Finally, land use/cover maps for 2002 and 2016 were used for land use/cover map extending prediction to the year 2030. The accuracy assessment of model was conducted by Error Matrix. The results of this study showed the annual rate of decline in the forest was 2297 Hectare during the period 1988-2016. The biggest changes were in the conversion of forest lands to agriculture. Modeling results using artificial neural network also showed acceptable accuracy (69%). The results of modeling for 2030 also showed that the area of the forest is decreasing, Agricultural lands and urban areas are increasing. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

156 - The effect of grassland conversion to the other agricultural uses on some soil physicochemical properties (Case Study: Watershed Basin of Amameh)
Mohammad Pichand

The change of rangeland to agricultural lands has serious effects on the amount of soil organic matter and physico- chemical characteristics. This study was conducted to investigating the effects of rangeland conversion into agricultural land use on soil properties in A More

The change of rangeland to agricultural lands has serious effects on the amount of soil organic matter and physico- chemical characteristics. This study was conducted to investigating the effects of rangeland conversion into agricultural land use on soil properties in Amameh watershed (Tehran province). Four land use types were selected including rangeland, fallow, orchard and agricultural lands. Soil sampling was carried out as random systematic method (three repeat for each land use) from 0-30 cm depths. Some soil properties such as pH, electrical conductivity, calcium carbonate, sodium, Saturation, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, carbon and gravel were measured. Statistical analysis were also performed on the data and the results showed that changing land use from rangeland to agricultural lands, fallow and orchard did not show any significant changes on pH, Mg and Na; whereas electrical conductivity, gravel, calcium carbonate, Saturation, carbon, potassium and phosphorus showed significant changes due to the land use change. The results revealed that by changing land use from rangeland to other use types the amounts of calcium carbonate, phosphorous, potassium and gravel have decreased, more obviously in fallow and agricultural lands. In addition, soil carbon increased, this was due to land-use conversion from rangeland to orchard and agriculture. Moreover, electrical conductivity, Saturation, potassium, phosphorus and carbon in the orchard were significantly higher than the other land uses. Generally, results of this study showed that changing land use had significant effect on the soil properties. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

157 - Monitoring of land use / cover changes using change drastically, degree of dynamic and post classification comparison
mohammad zare teimur teimurian mohammad Hasan Jouri

Earth is one of the primary sources of natural that by land use is transformed. Land use is a natural process and it cannot be stopped but it can be controlled. Population increase and urbanization growth are one of the most important challenges of land use management. More

Earth is one of the primary sources of natural that by land use is transformed. Land use is a natural process and it cannot be stopped but it can be controlled. Population increase and urbanization growth are one of the most important challenges of land use management. Land use mapping and checking the trend of change is one of the most essential information needed for manage natural resources. In this study, for mapping land use changes in Nour city were used of Landsat TM images relating to the years 1986, 2000 and 2013 during a period of 28 years. In this study, the maximum likelihood method and GIS was used to classify images. As well as to evaluate the intensity and trend of land use changes, post classification comparison, of, severity index and dynamics degree index methods were used for changes monitoring in land use. Results showed the greatest changes of land use in Nour region is related to the conversion of cropland class to urban class, so that the changes trend for forest and agriculture lands use has been negative and for residential land use has been positive and extent of the residential areas has been increased Fivefold from 1986 to 2013 as the maximum changes in the suburb. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

158 - Comparison of different classification algorithms in Landsat OLI imagery to produce land use maps (Case study: Beheshte Gomshode region)
mohammad kazemi ahmad nohegar Mirdad Mirdadi

All necessary information from the remote sensing technology basics and accurate classification of satellite images. Land use mapping is one of the key factors in studies of environment and natural resources management. Mapping land use is often one of the most expensiv More

All necessary information from the remote sensing technology basics and accurate classification of satellite images. Land use mapping is one of the key factors in studies of environment and natural resources management. Mapping land use is often one of the most expensive parts of natural resources and environmental projects. Satellite data is one of the fastest and most cost-effective methods for mapping land use that is available for researchers. In recent years, researchers from the different methods of classification algorithms land use maps have been produced using this data. This study investigated the ability of 8 common algorithms for land use mapping by Beheshte Gomshodeh in Fars province Using data from the Landsat OLI sensor is 2015. The results showed that the ML and SVM classification by 98.98 and 98.73% overall accuracy factor and 98.41 and 98.09% kappa coefficient is better than other methods, respectively. The accuracy of the order of priority 8 that is, Maximum likelihood, Support Vector Mashine, Mahalanobis distance, Spectral information divergence, Spectral angle mapper, Minimum distance from the mean, binary code and parallel piped. Method of maximum likelihood classification with98.83 was the highest confidence in level of 1 percent confidence interval. All the research results of this study can be using the correct classification. Land use maps can be extracted with higher accuracy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

159 - The Role Evaluation of Land Use on Changes of Ground Water Quality in Lajan Watershed
Rahman Mahmood Hasan Mahmood Habibnezhad Roshan Leila Gholami

The land use cause the changes in water quality and therefore this study, the changes study of land use in years from 2002 to 2016 in Lajan watershed of the southern province of West Azerbaijan created using Landsat 5 and 8 and satellite images of TM and OIL and also GI More

The land use cause the changes in water quality and therefore this study, the changes study of land use in years from 2002 to 2016 in Lajan watershed of the southern province of West Azerbaijan created using Landsat 5 and 8 and satellite images of TM and OIL and also GIS. The results showed that the rangeland and rain-fed land area decreased about 135.05 and 26.16 km2, respectively, but the area of irrigated agriculture, residential land and garden land increased with amount of 112.75, 28 and of 20.37 km2, respectively. Then, 22 pits for water resources quality of underground in years 2002 and 2016 selected for the study of land use change and parameters of chemical quality including residual salts, pH, electrical conductivity, bicarbonate, chloride, sulfate, magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, and sodium adsorption ratio total hardness. The concentration of main ions and concentration of soluble salts measured by standard methods. Finally, the effective parameters on studied samples quality and water resources quality of underground evaluated for different applications in two years. The results showed that the water resources of underground in Lajan watershed had bicarbonate type. The Wilcox diagram showed that the more samples in the favorable category were for agricultural section and Schuler diagram also stated that the water resources of underground were in range of good to excellent for drinking application. Also, the results showed that the water quality changes did not depended to land use changes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

160 - Assessing suitability of lands for multipurpose uses in the present and future(Ilgane watershed, East Azerbaijan)
Saghar Chakherlou

One of the ways to increase the production per unit area or in other words the optimal land use is to identify the production capacity of each land and choose the appropriate use for its production capacity. To achieve this goal, evaluating land suitability and determin More

One of the ways to increase the production per unit area or in other words the optimal land use is to identify the production capacity of each land and choose the appropriate use for its production capacity. To achieve this goal, evaluating land suitability and determining production potential is a suitable way of working. The capability of the lands of Ilgane Warzeghan area with an area of 20965 hectares was done in order to identify and separate all the types, units and components of the land units and to specify the land limits of this area. The boundaries of land types, units and components of land units were determined based on the physiographic standard of the Soil and Water Research Institute, and then preliminary interpretive maps were prepared. In field studies, 1:50000and1:25000topographical maps of the region were used, and various maps such as land classification and aptitude, land use and land suitability were prepared on a scale of 1:25000. The results showed, 3 Land unit brigade (mountain, hill, river sedimentary plain), 3 land units (1.1, 2.1, and 5.1) and10land unit components (1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3, 1.2. 1, 1.3.1, 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.2.1, 2.2.2, 5.1.1) were identified in the study area were classified. Soils have limitations such as low and high elevation, slope, water erosion, rock outcrops, soil depth and gravel and stony for use. Among the factors that threaten the resources and lands of this region, we can mention the lack of proper land management, indiscriminate and uncontrolled grazing, and soil erosion Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

161 - Study on land-use changes using GIS and RS techniques and . economic evaluationcompared to soil loss changes. Case study: Azad dam watershed
maarof emamgholi kaka shahedi mohamad hosein farhodi kheh bat khosravi

This study was carried out for assess changes in land-cover and land-use from 1987 to 2006 in the Azad dam watershed of Kurdistan province. For this purpose, initially using Landsat satellite images, percent of vegetation cover map was provided then by correction geomet More

This study was carried out for assess changes in land-cover and land-use from 1987 to 2006 in the Azad dam watershed of Kurdistan province. For this purpose, initially using Landsat satellite images, percent of vegetation cover map was provided then by correction geometric, radiometric and the season difference in imaging, the best band combination was selected and land-use maps was prepare using Maximum Similarity Likelihood algorithm and supervised classification. The overall accuracy test used to determine the accuracy of produced map. The result showed that, the area of irrigated land from 14.33% to 13.70%, dry land from 15.43% to 26.63% and poor rangelands from 24.37% to 42.17% have increased but, the average rangelands from 28.57% to 14.83% and good rangelands with shrub cover from 17.30% to 2.64% have been reduced. Also, classification accuracy in irrigation land, dry land, poor and average and good rangelands were determined 66, 74, 82, 76 and 84 percent respectively. Subsequently, the amount of soil loss and sediment yield using EPM model have been estimated that in 1987 this amount was 8.7 m3/ha/y and to 10.2 m3/ha/y for 2006 was increased. Finally, obtained results of economic estimation and occurred soil loss showed that stakeholders were damaged to 10 billion rails in the study area Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

162 - Land use mapping of Kaftareh Watershed of Ardabil using visual and digital processing of ETM+ image
ardavan ghorbani farnoosh aslami saeed ahmadabadi sahar ghaffari

Abstract The availability of land use information permits decision-makers to develop plans in short to long-term period for the conservation, sustainable use and development of natural resources and watersheds. In this study, ETM+ image (2006), GPS and GIS were used fo More

Abstract The availability of land use information permits decision-makers to develop plans in short to long-term period for the conservation, sustainable use and development of natural resources and watersheds. In this study, ETM+ image (2006), GPS and GIS were used for image interpretation, field data collection and land use mapping. Preprocessing and required correction have conducted. Initially, field visit have been conducted and different land uses have been defined. In the second step, image was visually interpreted and then training area has selected and using the maximum likelihood algorithm image was classified. According to the lack of the capability for detecting river beds and residential areas in digital image processing, integration of visual and digital interpretation (supervised classification) and object-based image analysis were used. Results show that, in visual interpretation, there is almost no capability to discriminate rangeland from dry farming land uses; however garden, residential areas and riverbeds are discriminated. Results of supervised classification show that there are problems to detect and discriminate different land uses; however, by integration of digital and visual interpretation, it is possible to use Landsat data to discriminate different land uses in the areas such as Kaftareh watersheds and Arshagh region of Ardabil province. The results of the evaluation of object-based classification accuracy showed the highest overall accuracy, because the method parameters such as scale, shape, tone and texture, in addition to using pixel values were used in classification, hence with appropriate segment creation, there is the possibility of precise discrimination of land uses such as residential areas from dryland farming. In the future studies, according to the importance of land use map in the studies such as natural resources, watershed managements and agriculture, it is better to use high spatial imagery and object-based methods.      Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

163 - The effect of population growth on land use change ( case study: Vaz catchment, noor)
shabanali gholami mahmood habibneghad roshan mostafa nooripoor

The effect of population growth on land use change ( case study: Vaz catchment, noor) S.gholami[1], M.habibneghad roashan[2], M.nooripoor[3]     Abstract At present research impact of increasing population on land use changes were investigated in Vaz More

The effect of population growth on land use change ( case study: Vaz catchment, noor) S.gholami[1], M.habibneghad roashan[2], M.nooripoor[3]     Abstract At present research impact of increasing population on land use changes were investigated in Vaz catchment. The Vaz catchment is having 14,102 hectares area and it is located at Natel-Restaq region in Chamestan district and Noor city. For this research is used descriptive method. And for preparing data and information is done laboratory study, field measuring and documents collection, and also they saved in data base bank by Excel software, then   they were analyzed by SPSS.16 software, and then the results of them were compared by using T- test parametric and ANOVA test, and at final stage to terracing of graphs was used EXCEL, 2000. In this study, the stages of variations land use is done at three different durations by using aerial photos with 1/20000 scale from 1345 to 1371 and up to 1381 years. And also each of land use area was determined by using of GIS tools in each of duration. The results of variance analysis are shown affirmative on impact of increasing of population for each variations of different land use area. As the results of analyzes test have shown, increasing of population on variations of different land use were significant at 95% level.      [1] - Nour branch, Islamic azad university, , nour, iran [2] - Sari agricultureal sciences sciences and natural resources university [3] - Department of Natural Resources and Watershed , Nour , Iran Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

164 - Ecological potential of agriculture and range management area for the purpose of land use planning Mahneshan
saeed kamyabi Esmail khoshlagha

Trying to achieve a national land use planning and productivity is a principle and in proportion of environmental features and natural resource data, this process development is important. The sustainable development is a comprehensive concept which is involved in all a More

Trying to achieve a national land use planning and productivity is a principle and in proportion of environmental features and natural resource data, this process development is important. The sustainable development is a comprehensive concept which is involved in all aspects of human life. And the implementation of sustainable development models requires extensive changes in both national and international policies. In some part our country the utilization of land is not based on ecological zone. Specially in agricultural land so the aim of this paper is to show the comparison of existing land use and watershed ecological zone in Mahneshan in Zanjan province. Therefore, to analyze the possibilities and of natural basin by creating a database of geographic. Date extracted from the report of basic studies and classification in order to show the location of the ecological resources and entered to a Geographic Information System (GIS). The existing land use map derived with the help of satellite images. Then, by overlaying different layers, homogeneous units (e.g. homogeneous Polygon) we produced the reviewing and results data base, with considering the region and planning objectivese and ecological assessment. In order to obtain the models that applied on homogeneous polygon. Finally, maps are prepared voided and extraction based on planning and suggestions. This report has been investigated and classified to determine the best type of land use, land suitability homogeneous entity in the current status and future, concerning the climate conditions and giving priority to agriculture land (dry land and irrigated agriculture), rangeland and forestry as well. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

165 - Ecological capability evaluation of industrial, rural and urban development in Darab
Masoud Masoudi parviz jokar mehdi sadeghi

Using the rational and systematic approaches in the management of resources and optimization is very important. These methods should be such as to take into account the land potential, otherwise irreparable damage to resources and the land is entered. Ecological capabil More

Using the rational and systematic approaches in the management of resources and optimization is very important. These methods should be such as to take into account the land potential, otherwise irreparable damage to resources and the land is entered. Ecological capability evaluation of development of urban, rural and industrial means how much the ecological potential is. The aim of this study is ecological capability evaluation of development of urban, rural and industrial of Darab Township according to the environmental crisis in the Township of Darab, and proposing the strategies for achieving the goals of sustainable development in this area. Therefore, Darab Township was assessed with overlaying information layers using GIS. . eseThe results of evaluation were presented in two fairly suitable classes (2) and poor (3). In addition, current use of deployment in urban (polygon), rural and industrial (point) were overlaid to ecological capability map of development in order to evaluate mentioned current uses. Results show most of urban areas, industrial and rural areas are located in unsuitable class of 3.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

166 - Monitoring compatibility with land use planning of industries in Geospatial Information System (Case Stady: Citi of sari)
Reza Lahmian

Planning to predict the future and the future will help to some extent imaginable. In fact, the plan looks to the future and a bridge between where we are and where we want to go. Rshdsry and unbridled human population, uninterrupted operation of mining, logging and def More

Planning to predict the future and the future will help to some extent imaginable. In fact, the plan looks to the future and a bridge between where we are and where we want to go. Rshdsry and unbridled human population, uninterrupted operation of mining, logging and deforestation, destruction of natural vegetation and pasture land, water and air pollution caused by industrial activities from the past to the present, the life cycle home common to all living creatures, the earth is in danger. One of the problems is increased abnormalities in industry and industrial activities Due to lack of effective factors in determining industrial capabilities, especially planning and Taking the necessary measures before the activities associated with it is. The present study also aims to plan and finding optimal locations for industrial activities carried out in the city of Sari. For this purpose, the powerful multi-criteria decision system and its integration with GIS is used. First, criteria and data layers with expert guidance as well as investigations were made in the past. The most important factor in environmental decision-making criteria were identified, weighing 0.7. Afterassigning weights to the criteria by AHP and its integration software environment Arc GIS10.3 final map was obtained. At the end of about 169 780 hectares of land, 17% of the entire city was identified with the interpretation fit perfectly Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

167 - An Evaluation of Urban Land Use in Zarghan Using an Environmental Quality Approach
Soleyman Mohammadi Dust Mohammad Ali Khanizadeh

Urban land use planning is the core of the urban planning system. The purpose of land use planning is proposing an appropriate configuration and placing for urban land using and activities, especially in towns with a combined land using by lots of variety. Achieving thi More

Urban land use planning is the core of the urban planning system. The purpose of land use planning is proposing an appropriate configuration and placing for urban land using and activities, especially in towns with a combined land using by lots of variety. Achieving this goal requires an understanding of space allocation and land distribution among users that is possible by using qualitative and quantitative methods. In this paper, we evaluate the land using in Zarghan downtown.For this purpose, we used quantitative and qualitative assessment. In quantitative assessment we discussed about the capital account and compared them with existing standards. In qualitative evaluation, by using environmental quality indicators we established the questionairs and spread them among residents. Data collection methods contains the field, library, interviews with officials and residents and develop a questionnaire. Results of Zarghan show that expanding urban population has increased in recent decades and it is causing an imbalance in the distribution of land uses. This growth is negligible and although currently not lead to deterioration of the situation but has taken an upward trend. Capitation of lots of land useage is match with existing standards and satisfaction has earned favorable to the residents. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

168 - Evaluation of Land Use Changes and Horizontal Distribution of Urban Areas Using Satellite Imagery (A Case Study of Mahshahr during 1395-1385)
maryam ilanloo Abdolreza Danesh

Over the past few years, lands of many cities in Iran, especially marginal lands, have been repurposed due to the urbanization trend and need of citizens for new housing, turning this city parts into lands for construction. Given the facing of Mahshahr city with the phe More

Over the past few years, lands of many cities in Iran, especially marginal lands, have been repurposed due to the urbanization trend and need of citizens for new housing, turning this city parts into lands for construction. Given the facing of Mahshahr city with the phenomenon of immigration in the past years, significant changes have been observed in urban land use of this area. The research aimed to evaluate land changes in Mahshahr city during 1966-2011. To learn about the type and amount of changes, the Landsat images of TM, ETM, OLI/TIRS and the demographic changes of this city in the period of 1956-2011 were assessed. After image enhancement, fuzzy methods based on compliance intensity (Fuzzy Artmap) and comparison after classification (Crosstab) were used to detect and evaluate the changes. According to the results of the study, no significant changes have been observed in the area of green spaces and pastures of Mahshahr during 1976-1986; when the most immigrations to this city occurred. However, given the growth of urban space during 1986-1996, the area of green spaces and pastures significantly decreased. Therefore, the green spaces and pastures of this city reduced due to population growth with a delay. Nevertheless, there has been an increase in the green space area of the city during 1996-2006 despite the population and urban area growth. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

169 - The Application of Object- Based Image Analysis Approach for Land Use/Cover Change Modeling of Urban Growth within the City of Maragheh
Bakhtiar Fezizadeh Alireza Taheri

Land-use can be considered as a combination of physical, social, cultural, economic, and informational concept of every country. In fact, the land-use maps include ways for using land for human’s different needs. Since warning land-use maps and their updates are a More

Land-use can be considered as a combination of physical, social, cultural, economic, and informational concept of every country. In fact, the land-use maps include ways for using land for human’s different needs. Since warning land-use maps and their updates are as the most important goal in the management of lands, the use of remote sensing technology is the best way to extract the user's maps. The present study aims to employ HDR sensor with digital processing SPOT satellite images related to 2005 and satellite image obtained from the sensor of AVNIR, AlOS for 2011 to extract land use maps based on object-based image analysis approach. Accordingly, in the pre-processing step was spent on the image and in the processing phase after the detection of images, they were classified using object based advanced method. For the classification the function (the nearest neighborhood) and algorithms (hierarchical classification) were used. The method of image processing was object-based which was performed using spatial and spectral algorithms in knowledge-based manner at e-cognition software. In the next step, the validation step was performed and the accuracy of classification for 2005 was calculated to be 84 percent and for the year 2011 it was assessed to be about 81 percent. The results of this research are important for decision makers in this area for the task of regional planning and monitoring.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

170 - Study the Effect of Public Transportation Expansion on Housing Price Using the Hedonic Model (A Case Study of Kermanshah)
Marjan movahed Hojat Sheikhi

Land and housing prices are subject to various factors and conditions. Therefore, prices are different in different times and places. In other words, at the level of a city, land and housing prices are different from one region to another based on local and socio-econom More

Land and housing prices are subject to various factors and conditions. Therefore, prices are different in different times and places. In other words, at the level of a city, land and housing prices are different from one region to another based on local and socio-economic characteristics. The change in prices is one of the most visible economic reflections of intervention in physical tissue of the cities. Public transport is one of the essential services of today’s cities and ensuring that it is delivered efficiently and effectively is one of the priorities of many cities. The purpose of the present research is to study the effect of expansion of public transport on housing price using Hedonic model in the neighborhoods of Kasra, 22 Bahman and Towns of Maskan and Moallem in Kermanshah. This research is applied in which correlation method and Hedonic function were used. The effects of independent variable and dependent variables were evaluated using field studies. Thirteen variables were used of which physical condition, situation and access can be mentioned. Eviews and SPSS software were used to analyze the data and estimate the model. The obtained results showed that the coefficients of all the understudy variables were statistically meaningful. Since the p-value for all variables was less than 0.05, so there is a meaningful relationship between the price of residential units and the studied variables. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

171 - Futuristic Analysis of Urban Land Use Changes Using Satellite Image Analysis (A Case of Tabriz)
Hamid Norash Karim Hosseinzadeh Dalir Ali Azar

Understanding the trend of land use change and its influencing factors stands as a paramount concern in contemporary urban studies. The vicinities surrounding cities bear the impact of urban growth, triggering alterations in the roles, functions, and configurations of t More

Understanding the trend of land use change and its influencing factors stands as a paramount concern in contemporary urban studies. The vicinities surrounding cities bear the impact of urban growth, triggering alterations in the roles, functions, and configurations of these ecological complexes. Tabriz, being a pivotal metropolis in the country, has undergone notable changes in land use in recent years. The urban expansion has transformed the surrounding lands, including gardens and agricultural areas. This study aims to scrutinize the patterns of land use change in Tabriz from 1986 to 2016. Employing a descriptive-analytical research approach with documentary and field data collection methods, Landsat satellite images, ENVI 4.8 software, and Arc GIS 10.2 geographic information system were utilized to analyze the changes in Tabriz's urban lands over three decades. The findings reveal that Tabriz, in pursuit of its development, has predominantly encroached upon green spaces and agricultural lands, leading to a decline in their share over time. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

172 - Modeling Land Use Changes Based on Markov Chain in LCM (A Case Study of Ramhormoz)
Fatemeh Esmaeili maryam ilanloo

Measuring is a key technology for assessing the extent and amount of land cover variations the knowledge of which is of fundamental importance for different planning. In this study, land use changes in the past 20 years using the TerrSat software and its potential for p More

Measuring is a key technology for assessing the extent and amount of land cover variations the knowledge of which is of fundamental importance for different planning. In this study, land use changes in the past 20 years using the TerrSat software and its potential for prediction in the future were evaluated using the Markov chain of Ramhormoz. For this purpose, TM Landsat 5, OLI Landsat 8 was used for 1996 and 2016, along with topographic maps and area coverage. Images of both time periods were classified into four categories of land use: lands made by human hands, arable land, agricultural and uncultivated lands. According to the results, the lands made with 39.1% of the most positive changes and lands with vegetation cover with the rate of -29.1% have the most negative changes in the region and the trend of forest areas has been a downward one. Then, using the prediction model and classified images (1996-2016), the 2016 coverage map was predicted using the Earth-change model. After evaluating the model, the overall accuracy was 83.09 and the Kappa coefficient was shown to be 0.79, which indicates the high adaptation between the predicted map and the classified map. With the introduction of the land cover plan for 2016, the model for land-changeover, a 2025 land cover map was prepared. The results showed that 102 hectares of agricultural land and 178 hectares of vegetation cover had been reduced. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

173 - Evaluation of the impact of urban-rural migrations on land use changes in metropolitan cities (A Case study of Tabriz Metropolis)
gholamreza mokhtari farivar karim hoseinzade delir hosein nazamfar

With their many functions, metropolitan cities have strong relationships with the peripheral areas and especially the villages of the penetration zone, and this has a profound impact on the economic, social, cultural, and even physical aspects of the villages. Economic More

With their many functions, metropolitan cities have strong relationships with the peripheral areas and especially the villages of the penetration zone, and this has a profound impact on the economic, social, cultural, and even physical aspects of the villages. Economic growth of cities is due to their economic relations. The city and the countryside have the advantages of attracting rural employment, creating out-of-village job opportunities and rural-urban migration. The metropolis of Tabriz, in various historical periods, has played a strong transnational role from Eastern Europe to South and Central Asia, which shows its undeniable role in taking on some strong professional functions to perform this task. This interconnection between the metropolitan city of Tabriz and its sphere of influence, on one hand, extends the physical development of the city to its national metropolis, and on the other hand, the physical development of the surrounding villages and extensive user changes in these villages, along with widespread demographic, economic and cultural changes will be obtained. This issue is the main subject of the present research and its main objective is to monitor and evaluate the role of the expansion of the metropolitan city of Tabriz by urban-rural migrations and its impact on physical changes, in particular, land use changes in the urban areas. This study concerning its purpose is a descriptive one and as the methodology is considered is an applied research which has been developed based on the questionnaires used in the study and analyzing its items. To achieve the objectives of the study, we used the Cronbach, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, T-Student and multivariate regression tests. The results show strong correlation between migration and change indicators if more than 85% of land use variations are expected by the migratory variables. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

174 - A Comparative Study of Land Use Change Using Object Method (A Case Study of Tabriz and Karaj)
Abolfazl Ghanbari Mousa Vaezi Rahimeh Rostami Maedeh Bakooyi

The development and expansion of cities are one of the main factors in the land use change that have been neglected due to environmental, and socio-economic, environmental problems. The present research is aimed at a comparative study of urban development and land use c More

The development and expansion of cities are one of the main factors in the land use change that have been neglected due to environmental, and socio-economic, environmental problems. The present research is aimed at a comparative study of urban development and land use change in two metropolises of Tabriz and Karaj during the period 2000 to 2017. The research is applied and descriptive-analytic. The object-oriented method and Heldern model were used to analyze data. Comparison of urban growth indicates the rapid growth of Karaj compared to Tabriz. Tabriz has grown 4.2% during this period, but Karaj has grown by 7% and this development has been 1.5%, 2%, and 0.5% respectively in Tabriz and 4%, 2%, and 1% in Karaj and the most degraded rangelands (10%) in Tabriz have had the most combined use of garden and agriculture with 4.5% of destruction. Holdern model shows that Karaj's growth has followed the growth of the population, and the high growth of the population has undermined the city's growth. Tabriz has an average of 0.55% growth due to population growth and 0.45% growth due to urban growth. Manuscript profile

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175 - Qualitative and quantitative assessment of urban land use with an emphasis on sustainability of residential areas, Case Study; Dehgolan City (kurdestan Province)
Issa Ebrahimzadeh Jamil Ghadermazi

 Land use planning is at outmost importance in urban planning. Monitoring and spatial organizing of local and functions of cities is an important factor in resistant development. The resistance of residential functions for urban development is important as well. Th More

 Land use planning is at outmost importance in urban planning. Monitoring and spatial organizing of local and functions of cities is an important factor in resistant development. The resistance of residential functions for urban development is important as well. Therefore,  this study tends to survey the quantities and qualitativenature of land use of Dehgolan city development process. This study aimed to assess the quality and quantity of urban land use with an emphasis on sustainability and strengthening residential users in Dehgolan. Methods of investigation include analytical - applied method which incompasses  the use of qualitative and quantitative assessment of Dehgolan city land use; process across which quantitative assessment criteria for residential users were deployed  by making use of rigid planing and authors' field observations to provide triangulating suport. In this study, in order to evaluate the quality and consistency of residential users of the software with other users’ and in order to probe qualitative land use consistency for residential purposes an evaluation of ARC GIS and Distance model  were applied. The results showed the lack of age of personal share for most users; primarily residential users that was observed to be  about 15.11 square meters. Residential neighborhoods possess the so much differnce for the uses adjacency. Therefore, in most residential sites due to the inconsistency in use or lack of residential users dedicated to it Manuscript profile

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176 - Skeleton-physical structure and its role in urban traffic (case study Boroujerd city)
Asghar Nazareyan Davood Goodarzi

Traffic is an important urban challenge that cities of developing countries face it.Traffic problem is resulted  from the  increasing growth of urbanization and the inefficiency of the skeleton and physical development of cities in the vertical and horizontal More

Traffic is an important urban challenge that cities of developing countries face it.Traffic problem is resulted  from the  increasing growth of urbanization and the inefficiency of the skeleton and physical development of cities in the vertical and horizontal dimensions. Furthermore, the increasing number of vehicles and unsuitable passage network system as well as the ravage of the city's public transport system and unsuitable localization of land use in the city level, especially transportation equipment jam  in the central part of the city can be considered as gravity point and attraction for travel during day which help devastating the city’s potentials. Boroujerd is located among the medium sized cities in Iranian urban network system, which with respect to the design of city, has a centralized form and traffic problem.  The problems of such cities are fairly clear in the central part of city. This city, despite of its physical development and growth, has  ignored central inappropriate localization of transportation vehicles as well as city facilities such as businesses, educational and administrative services and  health services which are  centralized in the center of city. The passage network in this medium urban city doesn't have enough capacity for daily population and vehicles transportation. In order to evaluate the potential effects of these pressing problems, the present research has deployed software, namely ArcGIS،AuTOCAD ،Excel،SPSS to investigate the problem. The collected information was analyzed in order to distinguish the most problematic areas which need immediate concern. The results of this research showed that the communication networks and urban transportation system have meaningful relationship with physical skeleton and space pattern of the city. The  skeleton structure of the city and passage network land use and public transportation system were recognized as  unsuitable among main factors which had led to the current condition. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

177 - Development of Land use Development of the City of Malayer Using Remote Sensing
Nava Nikkhoo Alireza Ildoromi Hamid Noori

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178 - Land Use Mapping of Sabzevar using Maximum Likelihood and Artificial Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network
Elahe Akbari Majid Ebrahimi Abolghasem AmirAhmadi

Among the important factors in urban planning and management, particularly in line with the achievement of the sustainable development in the urban areas as well as regarding the optimal use of the land, is on-time access to the data of land cover conditions in these re More

Among the important factors in urban planning and management, particularly in line with the achievement of the sustainable development in the urban areas as well as regarding the optimal use of the land, is on-time access to the data of land cover conditions in these regions. The remote sensing data has a high potential for the preparation of the update urban land cover maps. In order to present on-time and digital satellite data, a variety of shapes and possibility of processing during land cover maps are of high significance. In order to use the satellite photos Landsat/ETM+ and two algorithm of supervised classification including the maximum likelihood and the artificial neural network, land cover maps were prepared. During classification, the neural network algorithm of a perceptron network with a hidden layer and 7 input neurons, nine middle neurons and 4 output neurons were used. The input neurons are the same in number as the bands of the Landsat photos and the number of output neurons are the same as land cover map classes. Eventually, land cover map of the region has been classified into four classes of residential areas, barren lands, plant coverage, and roads. In order to evaluate the correctness of the classification results, many photos have been taken using GPS. Using overall accuracy and Kappa Coefficient the precision evaluation results of these two methods indicate that perceptron neural network has an overall accuracy of 98/24 and Kappa Coefficient 97/03 compared to the algorithm of maximum likelihood with an overall accuracy of 94/23 and Kappa Coefficient 90 / 34 is of higher precision. The findings of this study also show that the classification method for multilayer perceptron neural network as compared with the maximum likelihood method is of higher separation and capability for preparing the land cover map in the urban regions. Manuscript profile

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179 - Investigating the Role of Tourism Development in Garden Houses in Reducing the Effects of the Urban Heat Island in Isfahan
Khadijeh salehi Amir Gandomkar

The expansion of urbanization and the development of urban lands towards orchards and agricultural farms is one of the biggest problems of the country's major cities, and in recent years, this development, along with reduced water resources and a sharp increase in popul More

The expansion of urbanization and the development of urban lands towards orchards and agricultural farms is one of the biggest problems of the country's major cities, and in recent years, this development, along with reduced water resources and a sharp increase in population, has led to the development of urban heat and metropolitan heating. In this study, by examining the situation of the heat island of Isfahan and its surroundings, as well as changes in green spaces and gardens adjacent to the city of Isfahan, the relationship between these two variables was evaluated. The research method is descriptive and correlational and the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of tourism development of garden houses around the city of Isfahan and its role in reducing the effects of the heat island of Isfahan. The results of this study showed that in recent years the temperature of Isfahan and its surroundings has increased between 2.5 to 4 degrees Celsius and this increase has coincided with the development of Isfahan and the destruction of gardens around the city.   Manuscript profile

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180 - تبیین ساختار کالبدی-فضایی کاربری اراضی بخش مرکزی شهر تبریز
شکوفه مشفق فر بختیار عزت پناه میرنجف موسوی

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181 - بررسی و ارزیابی تغییر کاربری اراضی شهر قائمشهر با استفاده از سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی و تصاویر ماهواره‌ای
مهدی مدیری

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182 - اثر توسعه فیزیکی شهر تهران بر تغییر کاربری اراضی منطقه 5
لیلا واحدیان بیکی احمد پوراحمد فرانک سیف‌الدینی

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183 - بررسی میزان گسترش محدوده فیزیکی روستاها و عوامل مرتبط با آن (مطالعه موردی شهرستان همدان)
حمیدرضا وجدانی شاهبختی رستمی مصطفی طالشی اسماعیل علی اکبری

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184 - سنجش میزان رضایت از خدمات رفاه عمومی درنظام کاربری اراضی شهر بندر دیر استان بوشهر
غلامرضا امینی نژاد عنایت الله یزدان پناه حسین بهرامیان

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185 - بررسی تغییر کاربری اراضی شهری (مطالعه موردی منطقه 1 شهرتهران)
مهدی حق بین سید جمال الدین دریاباری

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186 - مدیریت اراضی رها شده شهری و سامان دهی آن‌ها با الگوی توسعه پایدار شهری (مطالعه موردی شهرسمنان)
مریم اسماعیلیان ناساری دکتر سعید کامیابی دکتر محمدرضا زندمقدم

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187 - تحلیلی پیرامون نابودی صنعت کرم ابریشم و اثرات و پیامدهای آن بر تغییر کاربری اراضی روستاهای بخش مرکزی شهرستان لاهیجان در دهه اخیر
نصراله مولایی هشجین محمدتقی قماش پسند

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188 - The Effect of Construction Structures on River Flood Area Using HEC-RAS and ArcGIS Software Case Study: Babelrood River, Mazandaran
Ali Bagheri Mohammadhadi Torkaman zadeh

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189 - Effective Factors in Residential Land Use (Study Case: Birjand City)
Gholam Reza Miri afsaneh ebrahimi mehdi fatemi

10.30495/uf.2023.1970803.1051

The issue of housing in Birjand city, like most cities where the growth of urbanization has been high in recent decades, especially after its designation as the capital of South Khorasan province, is of particular importance. The problem of housing in cities can be seen More

The issue of housing in Birjand city, like most cities where the growth of urbanization has been high in recent decades, especially after its designation as the capital of South Khorasan province, is of particular importance. The problem of housing in cities can be seen with the increase in the purchase price of each residential unit and their annual rent, and this demand is increasing day by day. Birjand city, as the capital of South Khorasan province and migration from other cities of the province and the country due to job opportunities, education, etc., has increased demand for housing and land. In this regard, the current research has investigated the effective use of urban land in Birjand city by using structural equation modeling (SEM) and Smart PLS software. The results of the research show that out of these 8 components (pedestrian, housing, natural and environmental, infrastructure, economic, population, architecture and urban design, social and cultural), the infrastructure and economic component has the most impact and the demographic component has the least impact. has had Also, the relationship between these components was also investigated, and the results show that the relationship between the economic and demographic components was stronger. Manuscript profile

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190 - On the Evaluation of Urban Land Use with Spatial Justice Approach (Case Study: Zanjan City)
Mohammad Salmanimoghadam Hasan Khodabandehlou Abbas Dorodinia Negin Sadat Mirvahedi

The impact of cities in the national and international arena has increased in recent years and local governments have faced with challenges related to new technology, economy of knowledge, cultural diversity and environmental sustainability. In the same vein, creation o More

The impact of cities in the national and international arena has increased in recent years and local governments have faced with challenges related to new technology, economy of knowledge, cultural diversity and environmental sustainability. In the same vein, creation of learner cities is undeniable and ideal substrate as a convenient place for lifelong learning and also for citizens' education, respectively. Also, creation of learner cities promises realization of creative cities which provides the participation context of citizens' wisdom based and lifelong knowledge creation by relying on sustainable power of creativity. Therefore, it will be possible to achieve sustainable city, with relying on this interconnectedness and combination of continuous knowledge of learner city and creativity of creative city. The purpose of present study is to investigate the relationship between the indices of learner city and creative city in Rasht city. The methodology and data collection in this study were descriptive, analytical, correlation and also documentation and survey study correspondingly using questionnaire tool. The population in this study consist of offices' experts of Rasht city. In this study, sample size and sampling method were determined 367 members via Morgan's table and also snowball sampling (clustering), respectively. The Spearman's and multiple regression tests were used for the analysis of the hypothesis. Results showed there is a statistically significant relationship between the indices of learner city and creative city in Rasht city (P>0.01). Consequently, it will be possible to achieve the sustainable city by appreciating learning and growing the creativity of citizens. Manuscript profile

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191 - Analysis and Evaluation of Urban Land Use in Ashan and Sarchave Neighborhoods of Sardasht City
Shirko Ahmadi

Assessment urban lands is, reflecting an illustrative image, in terms of urban landscape. The urban information consists of two kinds of data including spatial view and property descriptive data. It consists of two types of data including spatial representation and prop More

Assessment urban lands is, reflecting an illustrative image, in terms of urban landscape. The urban information consists of two kinds of data including spatial view and property descriptive data. It consists of two types of data including spatial representation and property descriptive data. Spatial data generally and data related to revenue Survey and registering further lands and property, specifically are essential parts of basic infrastructures of a city. The objective of this study which is a result of achievements of property Survey chiefs by the author is completing and upgrading property database in the Sardasht city as case study. The statistical society constituted of Sardasht neighborhoods which two neighborhoods were selected among them. The research method has been based on quantitative methods in analyzing by using Arc GIS ver. 10.1.in this study we have tries that by means of available tools in GIS technology, investigate the issue of collecting and preparing geospatial data, as well as the dispersion of urban lands. Based on conducted studies how the distribution of urban service providers like administrative, educational, health and green spaces centers...are not match with citizen’s requirements and has caused dissatisfactions for many of them. Also results indicated that there is difference between usages existing in the region with usages included in the detailed plan map of Sardasht. Therefore it can be possible to compensate lack of welfare services in the region by using military and desert lands and assign it to survive provider usages, increasing building floors and increasing density per unit area. Manuscript profile

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192 - Analysis of the Effects of Land Use on Housing Prices (Case Study: Tehran Municipality 7th District)
Ebrahim Farhadi Keramatollah Ziari Ahmad Pourahmad

Housing is considered to be the most basic and most sensitive part in the planning of economic and social development. Housing is the smallest and smallest form of physical embodiment of human-environment interaction, and spatial crystallization is the vital function of More

Housing is considered to be the most basic and most sensitive part in the planning of economic and social development. Housing is the smallest and smallest form of physical embodiment of human-environment interaction, and spatial crystallization is the vital function of human habitation in its core roles. The present study is an applied target type. Regarding the nature, the main approach to the present paper is descriptive-analytical and according to the research subject, field of study and the nature of the subject, quantitative methods and techniques (geographic weights regression model) have been used. Several factors affect the price of housing, one of which is the type of land use that plays a key role in determining housing prices. In area 7 of Tehran, due to the combination of user and specific features that govern the use of this area, we have been studying the effects of each usage on the price of housing, so that by identifying the effects of each type of usage on the price of housing, planning in the region level can be made. For housing and housing economy. Given that the topic of housing economics is an inclusive and interdisciplinary topic (politics, economics, management, geography, etc.), this article further discusses the impact of geographic factors (types of uses) on housing prices, which ultimately revealed that access Urban transportation, terminals and warehousing with R2 87 /, Utilization of urban services with R2 87 /, Green utilization and parks with R2 / 80, Commercial and office applications with... Manuscript profile

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193 - Recognition of the changes in the space organization of Zebarkhan rural area during a period of 23 years (1375-1398)
Nasibeh Hosseini hassan afrakhteh farhad azizpour

Introduction :One of the main problems of spatial development, especially in less developed complaints, is the rupture of the space organization due to the relationship between the interactions between settlements. The space organization of Zebarkhan district of Neyshab More

Introduction :One of the main problems of spatial development, especially in less developed complaints, is the rupture of the space organization due to the relationship between the interactions between settlements. The space organization of Zebarkhan district of Neyshabour is no exception to this rule. Efforts to address the space police force of settlements can pave the way for the development of development programs at various levels. In this regard, recognizing your relationships and your abilities in rural schools and setting up the correct way to use these abilities is one of the first and basic steps that must be taken firmly.Goal of the research: The present study analyzes and evaluates the space organization of Zebrakhan village and the changes that occurred in it during a period of 23 years (1375-98).Research Methodology: The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology. The method of data collection was library and field. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, with a spatial approach and with a scientific method to explain the changes and developments that have occurred during the past 23 years in the space organization of the rural area of Zebarkhan, Neyshabour city. The statistical population of the study includes 29 urban and rural settlements located in Zebarkhan sub-district of Neyshabour city.Geographical area of research:The geographical area of the research is Zebarkhan village of Neyshabour city. Zebarkhan section consists of three villages that Zebarkhan village is known as the most populous village.Results and discussion: The findings showed that the lack of proper distribution of services and lack of spatial balance has led to increased mobility and movement between human settlements in the countryside. Therefore, the three settlements of Ghadamagah, Baghshan and Darroud with the first to third ranks have become the main places of intra-district traffic.Conclusion:The results of flow analysis indicate that the flow pattern is one-way relationships and no complementary, two-way and synergistic bonds are formed. This model is in line with the theory of the growth pole with the sovereignty of cities and is still far from the regional network model. In general, it can be said that the space organization of Zebarkhan village lacks a spatial balance that by creating a balance in the distribution of facilities and services, balanced and sustainable development and optimal space organization can be achieved. Manuscript profile

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194 - Application of artificial neural network and Cellular AutomataIn modeling and predicting land use changes in Bavanat city
Marzieh Mogholi

Introduction: Today, due to the high value of land and the limitation of natural resources in the city of Bowanat, it is very important to predict land use changes in this city.Research Aime: determining the level of ability in modeling the localization phenomena in the More

Introduction: Today, due to the high value of land and the limitation of natural resources in the city of Bowanat, it is very important to predict land use changes in this city.Research Aime: determining the level of ability in modeling the localization phenomena in the city of Bowanat is one of the main goals of the research. Methodology: considering the practicality and development in this research of artificial neural networks for calibrating the model for the effective factors in the city. Bowanat has been used and ENVI and Arc GIS image processing software have been used.Methodology: Due to practicality and development in this research, artificial neural networks were used to calibrate the model for effective factors in the city of Bowanat, and ENVI and Arc GIS image processing software were used.Studied Areas: Bowanat city is located 240 km from Shiraz city with an area of 4992.2 square kilometers, which is located at 30.46 degrees north and 53.67 degrees east.Results: In the design of urban growth modeling in Bowanat between 2003 and 2018 using artificial neural network, it was observed that for two main reasons, the mentioned model is suitable for predicting land use changes in Bowanat city, the first reason being the ability of the CA model and the reason The second is to achieve a model for urban change and expansion by changing urban land use.Conclusion: After examining the findings, it was found that the road network is one of the most important factors in the growth and expansion of Bowanat city, and in addition, the percentage of land slope is one of the effective parameters in the modeling of Bowanat city.Keywords: Land use, Fuzzy Logic, Artificial neural network, Bavanat city. Manuscript profile

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195 - Predicting land use changes with emphasis on residential lands using CA-Markov model Case study (Bojnourd plain catchment)
ahmad hoseinzadeh Abdolreza Kashki reza Javidi Sabaghian Mukhtar Karami

Understanding temporal and spatial changes in land use is essential for decision makers and community planners. Land use requires knowledge of the current trend and forecasting future developments in land use and land cover. In this study, using Landsat 7, 8 satellite i More

Understanding temporal and spatial changes in land use is essential for decision makers and community planners. Land use requires knowledge of the current trend and forecasting future developments in land use and land cover. In this study, using Landsat 7, 8 satellite images and Ca-Markov model in EDRISI TerrSet software, simulation and prediction of land use changes in Bojnourd catchment area in North Khorasan province has been performed. After making atmospheric and geometric corrections on the images of 2001 and 2019, a map predicting land use changes has been produced for 2040.The validation of the model is done through the kappa coefficient, the value of which is 0.92 for the land use map of 2001 and 0.95 for 2019. The results of the model prediction show that in the study area, residential lands with the increase of more than 5 thousand hectares during the study period have the most changes. Also, most of the changes have been made around the city of Bojnourd. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

196 - Evaluating the relationship between land use planning and the formation of urban heat islands (Case Study: Meshginshahr City)
Houshang sarvar pooran karbasi Mousa Vaezi

Introduction: Population growth and urban development have made use of much of the urban land, especially agricultural lands and gardens, for residential, industrial, and transportation uses. This use changes lead to increased pollution and degradation of the environmen More

Introduction: Population growth and urban development have made use of much of the urban land, especially agricultural lands and gardens, for residential, industrial, and transportation uses. This use changes lead to increased pollution and degradation of the environment and above all the earth's surface temperature has increased.Research Aim: This study investigates the relationship between land use and thermal islands in Meshginshahr over the 1984, 1999 and 2020 time periods.Methodology: The research method is applied and research in nature. To achieve the goal of the research, after radiometric and atmospheric processing of the images, land surface temperature (LST) and vegetation index (NDVI) were calculated. Then, using the error matrix method, the accuracy and precision of kappa for production maps were evaluated.Studied Areas: The geographical area of this research is MeshginShahr city.Results: The findings indicate that Maps of the heat island show that in 1984 the minimum temperature is 22 and the maximum temperature is 43 ° C. While this situation has been increasing in 2020, the minimum temperature is 29 and the maximum temperature is 63 ° C.Conclusion: The results of the relationship between land surface temperature and land use changes show that the highest land surface temperature is related to urban construction lands and this is a result of reduced vegetation cover and increased impermeable levels. Also, the study of the spatial distribution changes of the surface temperature of the island and the thermal island showed that with the disappearance of vegetation inside and around the city the cool temperature class replaced the warm temperature class. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

197 - Evaluation and Prediction of Spatial Changes and Urban Growth Using Remote Sensing (Case Study: Qorveh City)
Ebrahim Sami pooran karbasi Peyman Karimi mahtab sanginabadi

Today Over the past few decades, the growth of urban societies and population growth have led to the spread of distorted cities into separate regions with its original texture and its development towards agricultural land and its surroundings. This unplanned development More

Today Over the past few decades, the growth of urban societies and population growth have led to the spread of distorted cities into separate regions with its original texture and its development towards agricultural land and its surroundings. This unplanned development leads to land use changes in the periphery of the city. In the past few decades, the city of Qorveh has encountered with the development of urban and peri-urban settlements, which caused changes in the land use of the city of Qorveh and its surrounding areas. Analysis of land use change in Qorveh city can be effective in planning for future development of the city. Therefore, to attempted to estimate and determine land use change trends, Landsat satellite images with TM, ETM and OLI sensors were used for the three time periods of 1986, 2000 and 2018. These images were categorized, validated and detected by the Neural Network method to five floors; urban lands, arable lands, dry lands, water zones and Bayer lands. Finally, Markov Autoclave was used to calculate land use changes in Qorveh city for 2031. The results indicate that, continued land use change would result in the degradation of agricultural land use. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

198 - Modeling land use patterns using with clue-s model (Case study of Meshkinshahr City)
fereydon Babaee noraldin azimi iraj hosseini

Introduction   Issue of land use focuses on prospective application pattern of land in every city and covers various types of applications such as residential, commercial, industrial, health, educational, administrative and recreational, which all have been effect More

Introduction   Issue of land use focuses on prospective application pattern of land in every city and covers various types of applications such as residential, commercial, industrial, health, educational, administrative and recreational, which all have been effective on development trend of Meshkinshahr over the past years. Regarding the importance and role of land use system in urban planning, this research attempts to modeling land use pattern for Meshkinshahr using Clue-S in 1402 horizon aiming to develop the city within spatial-physical scale, prepare maps and analyze predictable patterns in various scales.     Research Methodology   In this study, primarily identified the factors which effective on land use changes and then used historical, descriptive methods as well as conducted interview with inhabitants and local authorities, associated organization in Meshkinshahr city such as housing and urban planning organization, municipality and consultant engineers of detailed and descriptive plan. Firstly the framework of Clue-S, its components and application were recognized. Secondly, model factor was recognized and actually, this study would be meaningless without extracting factors effective on land use changes in Meshkinshahr City. Thirdly, the characteristic data and parameters of Clue-S model were collected. Fourthly, the necessary factors effective on system that dictates the changes of land use in Meshkinshahr were identified using logistic regression model. Then, demand and constraint models were defined within the Clue-S model used in this study and finally, some scenarios for Clue-S Model were offered revealing the potential land use patterns. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

199 - Sprawling City and the Changing of the Rural Land use(Case Study:Bandaranzalicity in the Recent Half)
MASOOD MAHDAVI Afsaneh berenjkar

Along with the increasing growth of habitation in cities in the recent half century, the alteration of the rural landuse has also increased.The density of population and scarcity of lands inevitably lead to the development of the cities and extend themtoward the periphe More

Along with the increasing growth of habitation in cities in the recent half century, the alteration of the rural landuse has also increased.The density of population and scarcity of lands inevitably lead to the development of the cities and extend themtoward the peripherallands.With its horizontal growth,the city moves toward the peripheral villages which are situated in its immediate location, and absorbsthe rural lands in itself and as the time passes,the villages will be completely swallowed by the cities.During this process,the rural lands gradually undergo a change in their application as some urban symbols appear in them and they finally get merged with the cities.As a result,sprawlingcitycreates a disordered and dispersed development of the city around itself and changes the application of the rural lands.The main purpose of the present research is toreview the process of the transformation of the rural lands around the Anzali Port which have undergone a change in the application during the process of the physical development and have been annexed to the city’s territory. The field research method and library documentation were used for the collection of information,and the Excel application was used for drawing the graphs and doing the calculations while the GIS and Autocad applications were used for drawing the maps.The results of the research indicate that the Anzali Port is the only urban center in the town which attracts the immigratingpopulation,including the adjacent villages and cities.During the recent half century,this process has decreased the city’s population and its lands and the city inevitably develops toward the lands of the adjacent villages. Throughout this process, the Anzali Port has merged four villages in its proximity including Sousar, Navir, Shahvar and Koulivar while the Bashman and Talebabad villages which are located in the peripheries of the city are not exceptions to this rule as the majority of their lands have undergone a change in used and turned into urban constructions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

200 - Evaluation of Urban Land Use Change in Urban Instable Development The case: Maragheh during 2001 – 2011
rasool Ghorbani razieh Teymuori alireza Jadidiyan naeemeh Torkamanniya

Land use planning, refers to how to use, distribute and protect the land. This type of planning can be considered from different perspectives, such as sustainable development perspective view is one of important land use views. in this paper we have tried to study and e More

Land use planning, refers to how to use, distribute and protect the land. This type of planning can be considered from different perspectives, such as sustainable development perspective view is one of important land use views. in this paper we have tried to study and evaluate the land use change of Maragheh city from sustainable development perspective, and study the harmony or disharmony with this type of development in the past ten years (2001 - 2011). In this paper, to achieve this goal descriptive and analytical method and documentary studies were used. all data in this study are documentary and include land use changing approvals by the Commission 5 article in East Azarbaijan province for the city of Maragheh, during the study period. The result of this study indicates some inconsistency in some of the criteria for sustainable development and shows non-sustainable movement in order to destruction of green spaces, during the legislations related to changing land use. Also the results of this research show that the cases that were referred to Article 5 Commission are quite remarkable. and in most cases in order to the interest of the applicants and the municipality have been approved and ignoring the urban sustainability and its physical and biological problems cause  some problems. Such as the largest number of investigated cases were for changing gardens and urban green spaces, without considering comprehensive and systematic view in whole city and with no attention to social and cultural issues in city. This factor also causes an imbalance in the system of urban land use and devastating effects in urban and regional planning will create. According to research in the past ten years (2001 - 2011), 45.29 percent of total land use change has been from gardens land use to residential land use. Also the studies are indicated the fact that, for all changes that have been take place during the study period, changing gardens land use to other land uses with 49.86 percent was the maximum land use change. This amount of gardens and urban green spaces land use changing indicate for unstable movement in order to Maragheh development. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

201 - Assessment of the process of changing the usage of the lands in spatial expansion of Kermanshah using GIS and RS (Case Study: Jafarabad Neighborhood of the City of Kermanshah)
مجید شمس طیبه کرمی نژاد

Earth’s face is always changing due to human activities and natural phenomena. Urban environments are changing at a higher speed than other districts. Therefore, awareness of lands use changes’ ratio is necessary for optimal management of urban districts. Ut More

Earth’s face is always changing due to human activities and natural phenomena. Urban environments are changing at a higher speed than other districts. Therefore, awareness of lands use changes’ ratio is necessary for optimal management of urban districts. Utilization of Geographical Information System technology is recognized as the best way for changes’ revelation and evaluation. We can estimate and manage urban lands’ use changes through the progress having been made on technology and satellite images production with high spectral and spatial resolution (HiSS). In the preset research, lands’ use changes of Kermanshah JafarAbad’s are evaluated during two periods. The researcher used aerial photograph of 1351 (1972) and satellite images of 1385 (2006); besides, the present researcher used analysis software ARCGIS9.3 to provide a lands’ use map of three different periods. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

202 - Evaluation of Urban Land Use Change in Urban Instable Development (Case Study: Maragheh during 2001 – 2011)
رسول قربانی راضیه تیموری نعیمه ترکمن نیا علیرضا جدیدیان

Land use planning, refers to how to use, distribute and protect the land. This type of planning can be considered from different perspectives, such as sustainable development perspective view is one of important land use views. in this paper we have tried to study and e More

Land use planning, refers to how to use, distribute and protect the land. This type of planning can be considered from different perspectives, such as sustainable development perspective view is one of important land use views. in this paper we have tried to study and evaluate the land use change of Maragheh city from sustainable development perspective, and study the harmony or disharmony with this type of development in the past ten years (2001 - 2011). In this paper, to achieve this goal descriptive and analytical method and documentary studies were used. all data in this study are documentary and include land use changing approvals by the Commission 5 article in East Azarbaijan province for the city of Maragheh, during the study period.The result of this study indicates some inconsistency in some of the criteria for sustainable development and shows non-sustainable movement in order to destruction of green spaces, during the legislations related to changing land use. Also the results of this research show that the cases that were referred to Article 5 Commission are quite remarkable. and in most cases in order to the interest of the applicants and the municipality have been approved and ignoring the urban sustainability and its physical and biological problems cause some problems. Such as the largest number of investigated cases were for changing gardens and urban green spaces, without considering comprehensive and systematic view in whole city and with no attention to social and cultural issues in city. This factor also causes an imbalance in the system of urban land use and devastating effects in urban and regional planning will create. According to research in the past ten years (2001 - 2011), 45.29 percent of total land use change has been from gardens land use to residential land use. Also the studies are indicated the fact that, for all changes that have been take place during the study period, changing gardens land use to other land uses with 49.86 percent was the maximum land use change. This amount of gardens and urban green spaces land use changing indicate for unstable movement in order to Maragheh development.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

203 - -
musa abedini

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- Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

204 - تأثیر عوامل طبیعی در جایگاه اقتصادی و اجتماعی شهر لار در سلسله مراتب شهری استان فارس
علی شکور رفعت شکری

شهر یکی از پدیده های ساخت بشر در محیط زیست به شمار می رود که به منظور اسکان، تأمین معیشت، داشتن روابط اجتماعی و اقتصادی و مانند آنها به وجود آمده است. ولی این موارد اهداف شهری به شمار نمیروند. انسان خود محیط سکونتش را فراهم کرده و خود به ایجاد و نحوه زندگی در More

شهر یکی از پدیده های ساخت بشر در محیط زیست به شمار می رود که به منظور اسکان، تأمین معیشت، داشتن روابط اجتماعی و اقتصادی و مانند آنها به وجود آمده است. ولی این موارد اهداف شهری به شمار نمیروند. انسان خود محیط سکونتش را فراهم کرده و خود به ایجاد و نحوه زندگی در آن اقدام نموده است. شهرها باید بر مبنای نقش و وظیفهای که در سطح منطقه دارد انجام وظیفه کنند و به نحوی در تمامی ابعاد توسعه یابند که اثرات منفی خود را به حداقل برسانند بنابراین لازم است برنامهریزیهای شهری به نحوی به اجرا درآیند که به سکونتگاهها و الگوهای سازمانی و نوع فعالیتهای انسانی به صورت یک جامعه بزرگ نگریسته شود بنابراین بیشترین هدف برا این اصل قرار دارد که برنامهریزیهای شهری همگام با هم پیش روند. سلسله مراتب شهری طبق یک تعریف عبارتند از: طبقهبندی شهرهای واقع در یک محدوده جغرافیایی براساس شاخصهای جمعیتی و اهمیت و نقش عملکرد اداری آنها به طوری که با یک محاسبه و نظم قابل سنجش بتوان شهرها را در گروههای مختلف دسته بندی نمود سلسله مراتب شهری در بسیاری از استانهای کشور ما ناموزون است و اختلافات زیادی بین شهرها از لحاظ رتبه بندی آنها بر اساس شاخصها به چشم میخورد شهرهای استان فارس نیز دارای سلسله مراتب منظمی نیستند و علل و عوملی باعث شده که این سلسله مراتب مشکلاتی را ایجاد نماید. در پژوهش حاضر سلسله مراتب شهری استان فارس بر اساس سه الگوی متفاوت بررسی و مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفته و نتایج حاصله با یکدیگر مقایسه و سلسله مراتب شهری آن تعیین و راهکارهایی برای بهبود وضعیت رتبه بندی آن ارائه گردیده است. یک سلسله مراتب شهری بسیار گسیخته و فاصله داری در سطح استان مشاهده میشود و شیراز با فاصله خیلی زیاد در مقابل 70 نقطه شهری قرار گرفته  و شهر لار با جمعیت 65975نفر پس از شهرهای شیراز، مرودشت، جهرم، فسا، فیروزآباد، کازرون هفتمین شهر پر جمعیت استان میباشد. سلسله مراتب شهرستانهای استان هیچگونه شباهت و ارتباطی با الگوهای ذکر شده ندارد و شهرکهایی که در اطراف استان تأسیس شده صرفاً به خاطر کاهش فشار جمعیت و اسکان بخشی از این جمعیت میباشد بدون آن که قدرت خدماتی،  رفاهی و اشتغال جامعه با رعایت فاصله و فواصل طبقاتی آنها نسبت به مرکز استان وجود ندارد. در سلسله مراتب شهری استان فارس شهر لار از موقعیت اجتماعی و اقتصادی چندان مطلوبی برخوردار نیست و عوامل طبیعی در بین عوامل موثر در جایگاه اقتصادی و اجتماعی شهر لار و در سلسله مراتب شهری آن در استان نقش مهمی دارد Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

205 - Assessment of Effects of Implementation of Guiding Plan on Physical Development in the Central District Villages of Rasht Township
مریم علینقی پور عیسی پوررمضان

Today's Rural Plainsawn important tool in the management of rural development which mainly will be considered physical aspects of rural more than economic, social and cultural aspect so much applicable part of this project is the physical aspect. Physical structure of v More

Today's Rural Plainsawn important tool in the management of rural development which mainly will be considered physical aspects of rural more than economic, social and cultural aspect so much applicable part of this project is the physical aspect. Physical structure of villages that have evolved over time and the various requirements of economic, social and cultural changed with the implementation of the Rural guiding plan and building new construction, sustainable homes, widening of streets, parks and green space, make required functions such as education, medical, military,... and cause relative prosperity and increased sense of security in the village. The purpose of this study is reviewed the effects of rural guiding plan on the physical development of villages. The research method is descriptive-analytical and to collect information used athletics and documents methods and based on that and according to the statistical society (n = 8415), the sample size was based on a formula Sharp - Cochrane have been 368 people which is randomly distributed in the villages studied. The findings show that maximum impact of guiding plan has been on the supervision of construction and reform and retrofitting rural housing (housing variables) and then facilitate the passage in rural places (roads variables) and the other variables, environmental health and land use not achieved much success and only seen good performance in garbage collection and proper distribution and localization services. In general it can be said guiding plan was effective on Villages physical development but the extent of this impact is different on aspects and different locations, and this is a sign of weakness in preparation or implementation of this plan. The course is recommended allocate sufficient funds ,satisfaction , thereby participation the villagers, development of rural culture ,preservation of land use especially agricultural land, housing principles ,observance terms and privacy policy of village existing roads, village environmental protection to increase the amount of influence. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

206 - -
ali shakoor hassanali ghayoor gholamreza roshan gholamabas vahedpour

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- Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

207 - Survey of Effect urban land use in drug crimes in District 2 of Tehran
سید علی حسینی رضا ویسی سجاد احمدی

Identification of environmental factors and spatial crime and try to eliminate or reduce the impact of these factors, the most important strategies to enhance safety and prevention of disorders known, The social disorder in any way that a man could have, within the cont More

Identification of environmental factors and spatial crime and try to eliminate or reduce the impact of these factors, the most important strategies to enhance safety and prevention of disorders known, The social disorder in any way that a man could have, within the context of spatial and temporal characteristics that distinguish these behaviors from each other. As one of the largest areas of District 2 of Tehran Municipality, Tehran has a host of problems such as rapid population growth, physical expansion of the city, heterogeneity and lack of social cohesion, such as rural areas with old texture Darake, Evin, Tarasht, Farahzad and urban areas Islamabad, Islamabad southern and eastern Javydabad. According to studies done on drug-related crimes, most crimes committed in the area of Tehran is the second highest among the 22 districts of Tehran Municipality has. The purpose of this study was therefore to analyze the spatial conditions - physical influence on drug-related crimes in District 2 of Tehran municipality. Residential land uses were evaluated in District 2 of Tehran, green space, and other commercial and office utilities, transportation and warehousing had the highest percentage of drug-related crimes, And on the other hand, respectively, residential land, landscaping, utilities and most of the land area of District 2 of Tehran municipality. Hence it can be concluded that the type and use of urban land in the establishment of the conditions and crime is affecting the other hand, some other spatial features are barrier deterrent offender. Therefore, considering the high proportion of residential land adjacent to green space and impact of crime in the land of the rising crime rate, the hypothesis was based on the effects of land use and geographic distribution of land use in the formation of spatial patterns of delinquency and crime rates and drug-related crime in District 2 of Tehran is confirmed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

208 - پهنه بندی خطر زمین لغزش در حوضه آبخیز چرداول ایلام با استفاده از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS)
حاجی کریمی فتح الله نادری ابراهیم مرشدی مهدی نیک سرشت

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

209 - Land use change from pasture to irrigated and dry farming arable land and its effect on soil properties in Miyaneh region, Iran
Naser Nazari

Soil quality assessment is necessary for identifying the effects of different management systems on agriculture and natural resources including rang and forest degradation. Such studies can be useful for identifying sustainable practices in each region with intention of More

Soil quality assessment is necessary for identifying the effects of different management systems on agriculture and natural resources including rang and forest degradation. Such studies can be useful for identifying sustainable practices in each region with intention of preventing land degradation, providing sustainable crop production and environmental protection. Land use changes play an important role in global change phenomena. Nowadays changing forests and pastures to agricultural land use are a worldwide problem that results in environment degradation and global climate change. This study was conducted to determine some soil properties due to land use changing in Miyaneh region, northwest Iran. The studied properties were soil texture, soil organic carbon, soil pH and soil calcium carbonate in three land use types of pasture, dry farming and irrigated wheat. The results showed that soil texture in top soil changed from silt clay loam in pasture to sandy loam and silt loam in cultivated lands. The values for soil organic carbon were highest in pasture (1.2%) and decreased to 0.9% and 0.5% in dry farming and cultivated land use, respectively. pH values in dry farming soils (7.6) were lower than those of the cultivated soils (7.9). However, soil calcium carbonate percentage was the highest in cultivated (22%) and lowest in pasture (8%). In conclusion, results showed adverse effects of land use change on soil quality. Manuscript profile

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