Perlite effect on changes of splash erosion in three collected soil types with different land uses

Subject Areas : Farm water management with the aim of improving irrigation management indicators

Leila Gholami ¹ (Department of Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran)
Armin Balvayeh ² (Department of Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran)
Nabiyeh Karimi ³ (Department of Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran)
Fatemeh شکریان ⁴ (Department of Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Ira)

Received: 2020-05-02 Accepted : 2021-04-15 Published : 2021-02-19

Keywords: Down slope splash, Water erosion, Up slop splash, soil conditioner, Landuse,

Abstract :

Splash erosion as the first stage of the water erosion process, caused by the raindrops effect on soil surface. The amount of soil splash can change with change in characteristics of soil physical. The conservation from the surface soil cause the effect of raindrop energy reduces on the surface soil and thus the amount of sediment from the splash erosion process decrease. Therefore, present study was conducted to performance evaluation of perlite at levels of 25, 50 and 75%in rainfall intensity of 80mmh-1 on splash erosion in three soil types with landuse of forestry, rangeland and agricultural. Experiments were carried in laboratory conditions and scale of splash cups and then splash erosion measured in different perlite amounts and various landuses. The results showed that application of different perlite amounts in the various landuses reduced the total and net splash compared control treatment. The results also showed that the separate effect of various landuses and different perlite on total and net splash was significant at level of 99%and also the interaction effect different perlite amounts and various landuses on total splash was significant at 99%. Also, the landuses soil of rangeland and agriculture, the perlite with amount of 25%had the more effect on control of splash erosion toward two another amounts. This amount caused the reducing the total splash with rate of 55.27 and 57.48%, net splash with rate of 55.11 and 91.03%up slope splash with rate of 62.78 and 36.85%and down slope splash with rate of 55.23 and 66.72%.

References:

آزموده، ع.، کاویان، ع.، سلیمانی، ک. و وهاب­زاده، ق. 1389. مقایسه میزان رواناب و فرسایش در خاک­های تحت پوشش کاربری­های جنگل، زراعی و باغ با استفاده از شبیه­ساز باران. مجله آب و خاک، 24(3): 500-490.

اخوان، ا. و میثاقی، ف. ارزیابی تأثیر اصلاح­گرخاک (پرلیت) در میزان نگهداشت رواناب و زه­آب در مسیر حفظ آب و توسعه مدیریت شهری. هشتمین کنفرانس علمی پژوهشی آبخیزداری و مدیریت منابع آب و خاک، 9 ص.

حاج­عباسی، م.ع.، بسالت­پور، ا. و مللی، ا. 1386. اثر تبدیل مراتع به اراضی کشاورزی بر برخی ویژگی­های شیمیایی و فیزیکی خاک­های جنوب و جنوب­غربی اصفهان. مجله علوم و فنون کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، (11)42: 534-525.

حق­جو، ز.، غلامی، ل.،  کاویان. ع. و موسوی، س.ر. 1396. اثر پلی­وینیل­استات بر پاشمان خاک. دوازدهیمن همایش آبخیزداری ایران، ملایر، 5 ص.

رضایی­پاشا، م.، کاویان، ع. و وهاب­زاده، ق. 1390. مطالعه آزمایشگاهی فرسایش پاشمانی و ارتباط آن با خصوصیات خاک در سه کاربری اراضی مجاور هم (مطالعه موردی: حوضه کسیلیان). مجله علوم و فنون کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، علوم آب و خاک، ۱۵(58): ۲۵۷-۲۶۹.

صادقی، س.ح.ر.، رئیسی، م.ب. و حزباوی، ز. 1394. اثر کاربرد پلی­آکریل­آمید در مهار فرسایش پاشمانی از خاک تحت تأثیر پدیده انجماد- ذوب نشریه آب و خاک (علوم و صنایع کشاورزی)، 6(29): 1611-1601.

قضاوی، ر.، امیدوار، ا. و فدایی، ف. 1397. اثر سوپرجاذب­های پرلیت، زئولیت و A200 بر فرسایش سطحی و رسوب­زایی خاک. مجله پژوهش­ آب ایران، 12(2): 129-121.

کاویان، ع.، حیاوی، ف. و بروغنی، م. 1391. اثر پلی­اکریل­آمید بر نرخ فرسایش پاشمانی در خاک­های مختلف با استفاده از شبیه­ساز باران. نشریه مرتع و آبخیزداری، 67 (2): 456-442.

مرادیان، م.، ملکی، ع. و عالی­نژادیان، ا. 1398. تأثیر پلیمر سوپر جاذب بلور آب A، پرلیت و زئولیت بر ویژگی­های فیزیکی خاک لوم شنی. تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران، 50(5): 1230-1219.

هنربخش، ا. و حیاوی، ف. 1396. مطالعه آزمایشگاهی فرسایش پاشمانی در بافت­های مختلف خاک با استفاده از شبیه­ساز باران. پژوهش­های ژئومورفولوژی کمی، 3(6): 162-151.

Arnaez J., Lasanta T., Ruiz-Flano P. and Ortigosa L. 2007. Factors affecting runoff and erosion under simulated rainfall in Mediterranean Vineyards. Soil and Tillage Research, )93(: 324-334.

Bancy, M.M. 1994. Splash transport of soil on a slope under various crop covers. Agricultural Water Management, 26: 59-66.

Bu, C.F., Wu, S. and Yang, K.B. 2014. Effects of physical soil crusts on infiltration and splash erosion in three typical Chinese soils. International Journal of Sediment Research, 29(4): 491-501.

Duiker, S.W., Flanagan, D.C. and Lal, R. 2001. Erodibility and infiltration characteristics of fire major soils of southwest Spain. Catena, 45: 103-121.

Ekwue, E.I. 1991. The effects of soil organic matter content, rainfall duration and aggregate size on soil detachment. Soil Technology, 4: 197-207.

Emadi, M., Baghernejad, M. and Memarian, H.R. 2009. Effect of land-use change on soil fertility characteristics within water-stable aggregates of two cultivated soils in northern Iran. Land Use Policy, 26(2): 52-457.

Farres, P.J. 1987. The dynamics of rain splash erosion and the role of soil aggregate stability. Catena, 14: 119-130.

Geibler, C., Kuhn, P. Bohnk, M., Bruelheide, H., Shi, X. and Scholten, T. 2010. Splash erosion potential under tree canopies in subtropical SE China. Catena, 1-9.

Gholami, L., Sadeghi, S.H.R. and Homaee, M. 2013. Straw mulching effect on splash erosion, runoff and sediment yield from eroded plots. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 77: 268-278.

Gholami, L., Sadeghi, S.H.R. and Homaee, M. 2012. Efficiency of rice straw mulch as a soil amendment to reduce splash erosion. Erosion and Sediment Yields in the Changing Environment (Proceedings of a symposium held at theInstitute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS-Chengdu, China, 11–15 October 2012) (IAHS Publ. 356, 2012), 173-177.

Gholami, L., Sadeghi, S.H.R. and Homae, M. 2016. Different effects of sheep manure conditioner on runoff and soil loss components in eroded soil. Catena, 139: 99-104

Gholami, L., Hasanzadeh, N. and Khaledi Darvishan, A. 2018. Effect of sawdust on splash erosion in laboratory condition. Agriculture and Forestry, 64(1): 51-56.

Gholami, L., Karimi, N. and Kavian, A. 2019. Soil and water conservation using biochar and various soil moisture in laboratory conditions. Catena, 182: 104151.

Huang, J., Wu, P. and Xining. Z. 2013. Effects of rainfall intensity, underlying surface and slope gradient on soil infiltration under simulated rainfall experiments. Catena, 104: 93-102.

Huang, M.H., Mao, S., Feick, H., Yan, H., Wu, Y., Kind, H., Weber, E., Russo, R. and Yang, P. 2001. Room-temperature ultraviolet nanowire nanolasers. Science, 292(5523):1897-189.

Hudson, N. 1995. Soil conservation. No. 3. Ed. BT Batsford.

Jordan, A. and Martinez, Z. 2008. Soil loss and runoff rates on unpaved forest roads in southern Spain after simulated rainfall. Forest Ecology and Management, 255(3): 913- 919.

Khaledi Darvishan, A., Banasik, K. Sadeghi, S.H.R., Gholami, L. and Hejduk, L. 2015. Effects of rain intensity and initial soil moisture on hydrological responses in laboratory conditions. International Agrophysics, 29: 165-172.

Khaledi Darvishan, A., Sadeghi, S.H.R., Homaee, M. and Arabkhedri, M. 2014. Measuring sheet erosion using synthetic color-contrast aggregates. Hydrological Process, 28(15): 4463-4471.

Kukal, S.S. and Sarkar, M. 2010. Splash erosion and infiltration in relation to mulching and polyvinylalcohol application in semi-arid tropics. Archive of Agronomy and Soil Science, 56(6): 697-705.

Lado, M., Ben-Hur, M. and Shainberg, I. 2004. Soil wetting and texture effects on aggregate stability, seal formation and erosion. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 68(6): 1992-1999.

Li D., Li Y.K., Christians N.E. and Minner D.D. 2000. Inorganic soil amendment effects on sand-based sports turf media. Alliance of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Science Societies, 40(4): 1121-1125.

Luk, S.H. and Hamilton, H. 1986. Experimental effect of antecedent moisture and soil strength on rainwash erosion of two luvisols. Geoderma, 37: 29-43.

Mizugaki, Sh., K. Nanko and Y. Onda. 2010. The effect of slope angle on splash detachment in an unmanaged Japanese cypress plantation forest. Hydrological Processes, 24: 576-587.

Molina, A., Govers, G., Vanacker, V., Poesen, J., Zeelmaekers, E. and Cisneros, F. 2007. Runoff generation in a degraded Andean ecosystem: Interaction of vegetation cover and land use. Catena, 71(2): 357–370.

Morgan, R.P.C. 1978. Field studies of rainsplash erosion. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. 3: 295-299.

Qinjuan, Ch., Qiangguo, C. and Wenjun, M. 2008. Comparative Study on rain splash erosion of representative soils in China. Chinese Geographical Science, 18(2): 155–161.

Romkens, M.J.M., Helming, K. and Prasad, S.N. 2001. Soil erosion under different rainfall intensities, surface roughness and soil water regimes. Catena, 46: 103-123.

Sadeghi, S.H.R., Hedayatizadeh, R., Naderi, H. and Alizadeh, M. 2008. Comparison of runoff and sediment production in different quaternary formations in Sarachah Amari rangelands of Birjand. Rangeland, 4: 449-463.

Sadeghi, S.H.R. Kiani Harchegani, M. and Asadi, H. 2017. Variability of particle size distributions of upward/downward splashed materials in different rainfall intensities and slopes. Geoderma, 290: 100-106.

Singh, M.J and, Khera, K.L. 2008. Soil erodibility indices under different land uses in Lower Shiwaliks. Tropical Ecology, 49(2): 113-119.

Tang, K.C., Liao, E., Ong, W.L., Wong, J.D.S., Agarwal, A., Nagarajan, R. and Yobas, L. 2006. Evaluation of bonding between oxygen plasma treated Polydimethyl Siloxane and passivated silicon. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 70(2): 679-690.

Unger P.W., Fryrear D.W. and Lindstrom M.J. 2006. Soil conservation. American society of agronomy, Chapter 21(4): 87-111.

Walling, D.E., Collins, A.L., Sichingabula, H.M. and Leeks, G.J.L. 2001. Integrated assessment of catchment suspended sediment budgets: a Zambian example. Land Degradation and Development, 12(5): 387-415.

Zachar, Z. and Bingham, P.M. 1982. Regulation of white locus expression: the structure of mutant alleles at the white locus of Drosophila melanogaster. Cell, 30(2): 529-541.