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Open Access Article
1 - The crisis of the spread of Contagious diseases and the role of national aviation in its containment
Mehdi AliyariThe international community was for more than three years embroiled in a health-biological catastrophe caused by Cuvid-19 disease, which has probably spread due to the inherent speed of air transport and has seriously endangered the health of the world's people and unpr MoreThe international community was for more than three years embroiled in a health-biological catastrophe caused by Cuvid-19 disease, which has probably spread due to the inherent speed of air transport and has seriously endangered the health of the world's people and unprecedently reduce or stopped all activities, including air transport activates around the world and sent many people into the jaws of death. Undoubtedly, civil aviation has long been recognized as the fastest means of transportation and commercial transfer within and beyond national borders and it has often been used as a means of appeasing people, especially in providing relief to communities in distress, whether natural disasters, famines, diseases, or wars. In other words, air transport has played two opposite roles in this type of crisis in the last two decades in two different directions: First - to accelerate the transmission of epidemic and pandemic diseases; Second, to play a positive role in managing and controlling disease due to having a previous plan for the readiness and sustainability of global aviation in a critical situation. This paper seeks to explain the above duplicate with analytical and descriptive view with library and field method in the context of international aviation law. it seems civil aviation effects on control and outbreak of Contagious diseases Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - An intelligent computing architecture in the Internet of Medical Things to reduce the delay of the continuous monitoring system of patients with low mobility and special patients
reza Ariana Mohammad Reza majma Somayyeh Jafarali JassbiInternet of Things (IoT) technology offers a structured approach to address aspects of health care delivery in terms of health and remote monitoring for patients with specific conditions and life-threatening diseases. The Internet of Things will generate an unprecedente MoreInternet of Things (IoT) technology offers a structured approach to address aspects of health care delivery in terms of health and remote monitoring for patients with specific conditions and life-threatening diseases. The Internet of Things will generate an unprecedented amount of data that can be processed using cloud computing, which will result in huge delays due to resource limitations. But for real-time remote health monitoring applications, the delay caused by transferring data to the cloud and back to the application is unacceptable. we proposed remote monitoring of patient health in smart homes using the concept of fog computing in smart gateway. The FOG detection system implemented under fog computing consisted of a linear map and a Mobius map in combination with fuzzy logic to create a multi-level output (MLFM-map) that exploits different spatial resolutions in motion data analysis. The model architecture and parameters are designed to provide optimal performance while reducing computational complexity and testing time. The proposed approach showed good to excellent classification performance, with an accuracy of more than 90% of FOG episodes detected on average with very low latency in the original dataset Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Investigating and identifying Vibrio contamination of farmed fish and shrimps in Khuzestan province
reza soltani Zahra Motaghi Hossein Khodabandeh shahrakiVibriosis is one of the important common diseases between farmed fish and humans in the aquaculture industry. This bacterium belongs to the Vibrionaceae family and includes curved, motile, facultatively anaerobic chemoorganotroph, catalase and oxidase positive bacilli. MoreVibriosis is one of the important common diseases between farmed fish and humans in the aquaculture industry. This bacterium belongs to the Vibrionaceae family and includes curved, motile, facultatively anaerobic chemoorganotroph, catalase and oxidase positive bacilli. The purpose of this research is to investigate the possible presence of Vibrio bacteria in farmed salmon, carp and shrimp. For this purpose, 60 pieces of salmon, carp and shrimp were caught from the breeding farms of Khuzestan province and transported to the laboratory of the food research center of Azad University, Shahrekord branch, next to the ice. Then, the liver and ventricular area were cultured on thiosulfate citrate bile sucrose agar (TCBS), the environments were kept in a greenhouse for 48 to 72 hours at 25°C, and then based on the presence or absence of grown colonies , ..... percentage of the studied fish meat (... pieces) were infected with vibrio, which was very noteworthy. According to the previous investigations and the results of this study, the monitoring and control of the production chain and the timely diagnosis of this organism during this chain can play a significant role in reducing the contamination of marine products, including fish. This will ultimately reduce the incidence of this disease in the community Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Diagnosis of hyperlipidemia in patients based on an artificial neural network with pso algorithm
asma naeimi minoo soltanshahi amir rajabi -
Open Access Article
5 - The effectiveness of acceptance and mindfulness-based therapy on physical activity increment and obesity decrement in the patients suffering from heart disease
Maghsoud Nader Sedigeh Tajabadipour -
Open Access Article
6 - The effect of endurance training with royal jelly consumption on dopamine in the hippocampus tissue of rats with Alzheimer's disease
Fakhradin Hassanlouei Seyed Ali Hoseini Laleh Behbudi Tabrizi Masod Haji Rasouli -
Open Access Article
7 - Self-medication practice, its causes and risk factors among people in Tehran, Iran: A descriptive-analytic study
Hesam Aldin Varpaei Pariya Onsori Faeze Esmaeili Saba Abachi Mohammad Mahdi Miremami Mohammad Yavari Hosein Esmaeili Amir Mahdi Farahani Pedram Nouroozi Ali Kazemi -
Open Access Article
8 - Consumption of omega-3 supplements to prevent Alzheimer's disease based on Health Belief Model in the elderly
Zahra Jalili Reza Tavakoli Sahar Jalili -
Open Access Article
9 - Numerical solution of the spread of infectious diseases mathematical model based on shifted Bernstein polynomials
Farshid Mirzaee Seyede Fatemeh Hoseini Sahar AlipourThe Volterra delay integral equations have numerous applications in various branches of science, including biology, ecology, physics and modeling of engineering and natural sciences. In many cases, it is difficult to obtain analytical solutions of these equations. So, n MoreThe Volterra delay integral equations have numerous applications in various branches of science, including biology, ecology, physics and modeling of engineering and natural sciences. In many cases, it is difficult to obtain analytical solutions of these equations. So, numerical methods as an efficient approximation method for solving Volterra delay integral equations are of interest to many researchers. In this paper, a numerical method is developed for solving the Hammerstein–Volterra delay integral equation by least squares (LS) approximation method, which is based on Shifted Bernstein polynomials (BPs). This equation is a mathematical model for the spread of certain infectious diseases with a constant rate that varies seasonally. Least squares method is a mathematical model for data fiting which minimizes the sum of squared the difference between an observed value and the value provided by a model. In this paper, the shifted Bernstein polynomials are introduced and then approximation of an arbitrary function by using these polynomials is presented . Also, the Hammerstein–Volterra delay integral equation is introduced and the details of least squares method for solving a mathematical model is presented. Finally, we show the efficiency of the proposed method by solving two numerical examples and comparing the results with other methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Numerical solution of the SIR epidemic model using the non-standard finite difference method
Abdulrahman Yaghoubi Hashem Saberi NajafiIn this paper, a special case of the finite difference method which is called non-standard finite difference method is studied for the numerical solution of a mathematical model of epidemic diseases. The constructed non-standard finite difference schemes have the main p MoreIn this paper, a special case of the finite difference method which is called non-standard finite difference method is studied for the numerical solution of a mathematical model of epidemic diseases. The constructed non-standard finite difference schemes have the main properties of the continuous model such as positivity, boundedness, and stability. The stability of the equilibrium points of the system is investigated. The proposed non-standard finite difference schemes are convergent to the equilibrium points of the system. In solving nonlinear problems, one of the important advantages of this method is that nonlinear term discretized with nonlocal approximations. In most cases, non-standard finite difference schemes are stable even when large step sizes are considered. Therefore, using non-standard method will be cost-effective in dynamical systems that are studied over a large time interval. Numerical examples confirm the accuracy and efficiency of the non-standard finite difference method.Keywords: Non-Standard Finite Difference Method, SIR Model, Equilibrium Points. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Modeling and Analysis of the Impact of Cancer Costs on Economic Growth in Iran
samira ghanbari Hossein RaghfarIntroduction: The epidemiological burden of chronic diseases and their risk factors is increasing worldwide, especially in developing countries.When it comes to the impact of diseases on economic, direct cost include all costs related to the diagnosis and treatment of d MoreIntroduction: The epidemiological burden of chronic diseases and their risk factors is increasing worldwide, especially in developing countries.When it comes to the impact of diseases on economic, direct cost include all costs related to the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and indirect costs include loss of productivity and efficiency of the patient, should be taken into consideration. The main purpose of this paper is to explore and demonstrate the cost effect of chronic non-communicable disease, cancer, at the national level. Methods: In this study, we calculate the cost of 22 types of cancer for 18 age group with 5 years interval, for both males and females. Then, the equation that shows the negative impact costs related to cancer treatment on national income, is estimated due to ordinary least squares method. In the next stage, trend of growth for cost of cancers and GDP is computed by ARIMA model during 2004 to 2036. Results: The results show that the cost of cancer treatment examined in this study, will experience a growing trend over the next 20 years.The general trend for Iran, shows that during 2004 to 2036, 2/7 percentage of GDP is lost by cost of different types of cancer. Conclusion: Catching non-communicable diseases, increasing the share of cancer costs in patient’s budget and reducing in his purchasing power prevent his participation in profitable economic activities. Income and GDP of a Country decrease and consequently slow economic growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The Causes of the Mortality of Inpatients in the hospitals covered by Semnan Province Universities of Medical Sciences Based on ICD10
mohamad ali Jahani fateme zahra Eskandari shahebano Mahmoudjanloo ghahreman MahmoudiIntroduction: Identifying the trends and causes of mortality can be a base for health-care policy-making and planning in society. This study aimed at identifying the causes of the mortality of hospitalized patients based on International Classification of Diseases. Meth MoreIntroduction: Identifying the trends and causes of mortality can be a base for health-care policy-making and planning in society. This study aimed at identifying the causes of the mortality of hospitalized patients based on International Classification of Diseases. Methods: This retrospective study was a descriptive-analytical one. Research population included all inpatients died in hospitals under supervision of Semnan University of Medical Sciences during a 5-year period (2011-2016). Sampling was done as the senses and data were collected by a checklist extracted from death registration system of the Treatment Deputy of the university. Data were analyzed in SPSS by applying statistical approaches in the significant level of p≤ 0.05. Results: 8,270 hospital mortalities were registered during the period. 6,370 (76.3%) of dead patients were burghers and 4,450 (53.8%) were male. The most frequent causes of the mortality were cardiovascular diseases (3,201, 38.7%), cancers (1,287, 15.5%), and respiratory diseases (865, 10.5%). There were significant differences among the mortality rates according to patients' gender, residences, and age ranges (p< .001). Conclusion: Chronic and non-communicable diseases were the main causes of the mortality. Health policy-makers can decrease in these diseases by applying screening programs, empowering people and endorsing regulations on safety life style and so on. Keywords: Hospitals, International Classification of Diseases (ICD10), Mortality, Patients, Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Data Mining as an Intangible Model of Information Therapy and Seeking Behaviors in Immune Deficiency Disease Specialists
Sedigheh Mohammadesmaeil Shiba KianmehrIntroduction: This study analyzed the information therapy behavior of immunologists in the country, based on the Cohennon self-organized neural network model. Method: Applied research has been done by descriptive survey method using neural network technique. The tool is MoreIntroduction: This study analyzed the information therapy behavior of immunologists in the country, based on the Cohennon self-organized neural network model. Method: Applied research has been done by descriptive survey method using neural network technique. The tool is a researcher made-questionnaire that was distributed among 149 people. Using MATLAB software, specialists based on the main components of clustering research, and then by removing each of the main sub-components,, the most effective and least effective option was determined. Results: Analysis showed in information retrieval skills; 63.75% of the population are in the first cluster with an average of 29.88 and in the second cluster 36.24% with an average score of 30.22, and the most important component is the use of keywords and terms related to the required information. About ways to get information; 22.14% of the population with an average score of 54.36 in the first cluster, 18.12% of individuals with an average of 48.11 in the second cluster, 14.09% with an average of 43.28 in the third cluster, 16.1% with an average of 0.04 49 were in the fourth cluster and 29.53% of the people with an average score of 53.72 were in the fifth cluster, and the most important way to find information was to use electronic information sources. Based on the use of various information services, 46% of people with an average score of 54.85 in the first cluster, 20.66% with an average of 49.38 in the second cluster and 32.66% with an average of 43.08 in the third cluster and the most important component of information therapy services has been familiarity with various sources and information services in the specialized field. Conclusion: Neural clustering of information therapy behaviors of the study population and the resulting information transactions, in addition to resulting in awareness of the needs and information resources required by users, as an accessible and low-cost method that improves the quality of information of immunodeficiency specialists leads to the provision of more effective medical services to patients, provides the necessary basis for anticipating information-oriented arrangements and decisions to meet the needs and information carriers requested by users of medical databases and provides managers and staff This field, and as an effective strategy with the highest level of possible standards, leads to the discovery of the intangible pattern of information seeking behaviors of health users, and teaches the audience to use information media intelligently. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Identifying Effective Factors of Establishment of Information Therapy Approach for Immune-deficiency System in the Children's Medical Center by Meta-Analysis
Sedigheh Mohammadesmaeil Shiba KianmehrIntroduction: To identify the effective dimensions and components in the establishment of the information therapy approach for immune system deficiency diseases in the children's medical center using the meta-combination method. Methods: In this research, which was an MoreIntroduction: To identify the effective dimensions and components in the establishment of the information therapy approach for immune system deficiency diseases in the children's medical center using the meta-combination method. Methods: In this research, which was an applied study in terms of its purpose, the qualitative research method and meta-composite technique were used to collect data, and CASP was used as a tool to control the quality of selected articles and combine qualitative findings. Results: By analyzing the articles and experts' opinions, two main dimensions: a) informing (health literacy) including 6 sub-dimensions: acquiring information, identifying information, sharing information, increasing awareness, meeting information needs, increasing health knowledge; and b) treatment (health services) including 6 sub-dimensions: patient satisfaction, caring behavior, reducing the cost of inpatient treatment, use of health information, health maintenance training, and disease prevention (including 12 effective sub-dimensions in total) were obtained. Conclusion: Paying attention to the effective factors in the establishment of the information therapy approach (separated by dimensions, including information and treatment), as an inevitable pillar in the health system, which is the basis for facilitating access to information and its timely dissemination for both groups, doctors and patients. It not only focuses on the prevention of diseases, but it is also able to help reduce the country's medical expenses by playing a complementary role in the treatment process, as well as improving the level of health literacy of the community. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Hedging stock price risk with gold during the outbreak of the covid pandemi
Ali Baghani Mojtaba Karimi Azin Sadat OstadRamadanRisk contagion refers to the transmission of information across financial markets. However, for investors, minimizing risk is crucial, and one way to achieve this is by diversifying their investment portfolio across different markets. In this research, the focus is on m MoreRisk contagion refers to the transmission of information across financial markets. However, for investors, minimizing risk is crucial, and one way to achieve this is by diversifying their investment portfolio across different markets. In this research, the focus is on managing investor risk in the capital market by hedging stock price risk with gold, particularly during the COVID-19 outbreak. The DCC (Dynamic Conditional Correlation) and ADCC (Asymmetric Dynamic Conditional Correlation) models were employed for this purpose. The data used for analysis encompasses the monthly prices of Bahar Azadi gold coin and company stocks from 2017 to 2022. The research findings indicate an asymmetric correlation between the price of Bahar Azadi gold coin and the stock price of selected chemical and basic metals companies during the research period. The optimal risk hedging ratios have significantly increased in all companies during the COVID period, implying higher risk hedging costs. The research also reveals that F_khas (Khorasan steel company) exhibits the highest risk hedging efficiency, indicating its effectiveness in using gold for risk hedging. On the other hand, the symbol of Sh_iran (Iran Chemical Industries Company) demonstrates the lowest efficiency in using gold for risk coverage. These results offer an opportunity for investors to optimize their risk hedging and asset allocation strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Purification of Host- Specific Toxin from Iranian Isolates of Alternaria alternata, Causal Agent of Brown Spot Disease of Tangerine
N. Mohamad Amini1 H. Zamanizadeh K. Larijani S. H. Hajmansoor -
Open Access Article
17 - Stands structure under oak charcoal disease in Dalab Forests of Ilam, Iran
Sara Abasi Ahmad Valipour Hedayat GhazanfariIn the last two decades, the vast areas of Zagros forests especially in Ilam province have been infected by charcoal oak disease, which killed many Persian oak trees. This study aimed to recognize the structure of the infected stands and to address the relationships bet MoreIn the last two decades, the vast areas of Zagros forests especially in Ilam province have been infected by charcoal oak disease, which killed many Persian oak trees. This study aimed to recognize the structure of the infected stands and to address the relationships between structural features and the tree characteristics with the infection level to the symptoms of charcoal oak disease. For this purpose, a number of 20 sample plots was established along a 6 km transect in Dalab protected forest to collect data such as collar diameter, diameter at breast height, height, crown area, and tree drying degree were measured and recorded for each tree within the sample plots. The number of tree bases was 153 and the surface area was 14.6 m2/ha, indicating a relatively high density and inventory of forests. In general, 85.5% of the individuals had a sign of the charcoal disease and the rate of infection was higher in seed-originated trees, middle-aged and old trees than branching bases and young ones. Based on the results, tree characteristics including collar diameter, diameter at breast height, basal area, total height, and crown area were significantly different among different infection levels of the disease. To understand the dynamics of stands’ structure under the charcoal disease, continuous monitoring of the forests is necessary. Since the higher severity of the disease outbreak in middle-aged and old trees, pruning and shrinking the infected trees’ crown to adjust the crown to root ratio as well as cutting and removing the trees which are not restorable are among the proposed practical plans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The nonlinear effect of natural resource abundance on economic growth with emphasis on non-resource export and Dutch disease (Case study of selected OPEC member countries)
Niloufar Khatami saeed Daei-KarimzadehBecause the government in countries with abundant natural resources depends on one or more limited resources, if there are trade barriers, national income decreases and economic growth slows down. The research question is whether the effect of non-resource exports on ec MoreBecause the government in countries with abundant natural resources depends on one or more limited resources, if there are trade barriers, national income decreases and economic growth slows down. The research question is whether the effect of non-resource exports on economic growth is non-linear and whether the real effective exchange rate, which has a direct role on the flow of exports, can lead to the Dutch disease phenomenon or not? The aim of this study is to investigate the nonlinear effect of natural resource abundance on economic growth by focusing on non-resource export and the real effective exchange rate variables for the 16 selected OPEC member countries during the period between 2000 and 2021. In order to analyze the data, GMM method has been used. Findings showed that the abundance of natural resources has led to a decrease in economic growth, which indicates the occurrence of the resource curse phenomenon in the studied countries. Also, the second power of the natural resources abundance variable has a positive and significant effect, based on which it can be concluded that the natural resources abundance variable has a non-linear effect on economic growth in the studied countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Theoretical study of structure spectral properties of Tacrine as Alzheimer drug
Leila Pishkar Parisa R. Jamaat Somayeh Makarem -
Open Access Article
20 - Evaluating the relationship between the level of air pollutants and the referring rate of heart disease patients to hospital in Isfahan
Azam Abdolazimi Amir Gandomkar Majid Ghias S.Mohsen HoseiniAir pollution threatens the lives of citizens as a problem of life in metropolises in the world and probably results in heart disease. The relationship between heart disease reference to hospital and pollutants was analyzed using descriptive-statistical method. The resu MoreAir pollution threatens the lives of citizens as a problem of life in metropolises in the world and probably results in heart disease. The relationship between heart disease reference to hospital and pollutants was analyzed using descriptive-statistical method. The results of Chi-squared test between heart disease patients and exposure to pollutants like SO21NO22 and PM103 and ANOVA Test with patients' exposure to CO4 and NO2 showed a significant relationship. Also calculating Correlation coefficient showed the most Pearson correlation for PM10 with 0/165 coefficient and for SO2 with 0/113 coefficient. So there is a significant and meaningful relationship between the number of heart disease patients referring to hospital and air pollutants in Isfahan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Evaluation of parasitic contamination of eliminated sheep livers in Urmia slaughter house
هادی امین فر رضا حبیبیان سیدامیرعلی انوار نکیسا سهرابی حقدوست سهراب رسولیSurvey of parasitic contaminated sheep livers in Urmia slaughterhouseParasitic diseases have a critical importance in small ruminants. Liver parasites, because of theirrole in economic losses in sheep husbandry are in attention. The escape mechanisms ofparasites, from i MoreSurvey of parasitic contaminated sheep livers in Urmia slaughterhouseParasitic diseases have a critical importance in small ruminants. Liver parasites, because of theirrole in economic losses in sheep husbandry are in attention. The escape mechanisms ofparasites, from immune system detection, cause difficulties in production of effective vaccines.Parasitic diseases are chronic disorders, so economic aspects of these diseases of morediscussible. To determine the parasitic contamination of the liver of sheep slaughtered in Urmiacity within a year (fall to winter, spring to summer of 2009 and 2010) livers of 18.000slaughtered cases where evaluated. Recorded parasitic contaminations during fall to summerwere: 896 (19.91%), 962 (21.37%), 1055 (23.43%) and 817 (18.15%) respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Identification of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in samples tissue ileum of cattle slaughtered in Shahr-e Kord with ziehl neelsen staining and nested PCR method
حسن کریمی عبدالرسول نامجو حسن ممتاز محمدرضا نامداریJohne s disease is a severe chronic progressive enteritis that infect digestive system ofruminants, domestic animals, wild animals and equine .This study performed due to distinguishM. avium paratuberculosis with nested polymerase chain reaction and Ziehl–Neelsen, MoreJohne s disease is a severe chronic progressive enteritis that infect digestive system ofruminants, domestic animals, wild animals and equine .This study performed due to distinguishM. avium paratuberculosis with nested polymerase chain reaction and Ziehl–Neelsen, s stainingon the ilieum samples of slaughtered cattle in Shahr-e- Kord industrial slaughterhouse. Resultsshowed that respectively 6.6% and 26.67 % of bovine are contaminated with M. aviumparatuberculosis according to histopathology method and nested polymerase chain reaction .Mac nemar statistical test showed that sensitivity of PCR test was more than histopathologicalmethod( P<0.001) . Also 80% total agreement between these two methods and the Kappacoefficients calculated at 0.33 which represent is poor agreement (P<0.01). There wasn’tsignificant deference between, gender, race and age with infection rate ( P>0.05). The resultsshowed that a nested PCR test for diagnosis of infection is high speed and accuracy and in theprimary levels of disease that amount of microorganism is a few we cannot trust to result ofhistopathological method for recognition of Johne‚s disease Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Identification and differentiation of vaccinal and virulent Newcastle disease virus in Iran by HRM analysis
Dibazar, Sh., Sheikhi, N.*, Hemmatzadeh, F., Charkhkar, S., Pourbakhsh, A. .To control of outbreaks caused Newcastle disease, it is necessary to distinguish virulent virusesfrom vaccine strains, in minimum possible time and with high accuracy. The aim of this studywas using High-Resolution Melting-Curve Analysis (HRM) for detection and differen MoreTo control of outbreaks caused Newcastle disease, it is necessary to distinguish virulent virusesfrom vaccine strains, in minimum possible time and with high accuracy. The aim of this studywas using High-Resolution Melting-Curve Analysis (HRM) for detection and differentiation ofIranian Newcastle disease virus (NDVs) isolates from vaccine strains. In this study, 5 virulentisolates along with 2 vaccine strains, including B1 and Lasota were used. Based on thenucleotide sequence of F gene, 8 primers (A - H) were designed for the analysis of HRM. At thefirst stage, one virulent and 2 vaccine virus was analyzed by 8 primer pairs. Based on thepreliminary results of both RT-PCR HRM, 3 sets of the primers have been selected for finaltesting of the samples. The patterns obtained from wild viruses were compared with vaccinegroup. The melting temperatures for vaccine strains were higher than virulent isolates by A, B,C, F and H primer pairs; despite D, E and G. In this study, B and H primer pairs could separatevaccine strains from each other and from virulent isolates, better than other primers. Based onthese results, HRM analysis and correct primer selection can determinate and differentiatevirulent NDVs from vaccine strains. This technique is able to do this in short time and with highaccuracy in comparison with previous conventional approaches such as pathogenicity indicestests, RT-PCR and nucleotide sequencing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Plaque formation by Newcastle virus strain V4 on cell culture and characterization with RT-PCR
Sobhani, S., Mehrabanpour, M.J. .. Cloned vaccines are used in many countries nowadays. One of the ways for cloning a virus is propagation of the virus on cell culture to obtain discrete different plaques in order to study their morphology and genetics. In this study monolayer Madin-Darby Canine Kidne More. Cloned vaccines are used in many countries nowadays. One of the ways for cloning a virus is propagation of the virus on cell culture to obtain discrete different plaques in order to study their morphology and genetics. In this study monolayer Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell cultures were prepared by standard method. Various dilutions of the viruses were inoculated into monolayer MDCK cell cultures that were supplemented with magnesium sulfate and trypsin, and over laid with agar medium. The viruses could reproduce on these cells and caused cytopathic effect and plaques. At 10-6 virus dilution, 6 various shape and size discrete plaques were obtained and inoculated into allantoic fluid 9-11 days embryonated eggs. After 48 hrs, the allantoic fluids contain plaques were harvested and their RNA extracted. Cleavage site of fusion protein, with RT-PCR test was performed and the PCR products were purified and sequenced. The sequences of nucleotides and amino acids for each plaque were compared with those of the registered strain at gene bank as well as with each other. Molecular studies showed that all plaques are lentogenic strain of Newcastle disease virus and has about 97% to 99% homology with the strain V4 in the gene bank. The aim of this study is produce clear plaque by V4 strain of NDV on MDCK cell line and studies the molecular variations among them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Sero-prevalence of subclinical paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) in dairy farms of Tehran-Iran using absorbed ELISA assay
Heidarnejhad, O., Safi, Sh., Mosavari, N., Keshavarz, R. .Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis causes Johne's disease in ruminants and have been also isolated from humans. Accurate statistical information about the disease prevalence in different regions of Iran is not available. The objective of the present study w MoreMycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis causes Johne's disease in ruminants and have been also isolated from humans. Accurate statistical information about the disease prevalence in different regions of Iran is not available. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of subclinical Johne's disease in dairy cattle herds of Tehran province, Iran. Knowing the disease prevalence and its damages could have an important role to manage the disease in the farms involved. In the present study which was conducted in the years 1391 to 1393, 338 serum and fecal samples from cows older than 18 months, were obtained from 14 dairy farms in Tehran province, Iran. Antibodies against Johne's disease were assayed using PARACHEK2 absorbed ELISA kit (ParaCheck, Prionics AG, Zurich, Switzerland). Fecal culture and Nested-PCR assays were performed to confirm the disease. The prevalence of the disease determined by ELISA and culture were 9.5% (95% CI: 6.66 - 13.23) and 3.6% (95% CI: 1.69 - 7.27), respectively. Furthermore, the herd prevalence of the disease was calculated using culture as 28.6% (95% CI: 9.58- 57.99) and ELISA as 57.14% (95% CI: 29.65- 81.19). To evaluate the diagnostic value of the test, ELISA results were compared to bacterial fecal culture as the gold standard test. According to the obtained results, ELISA can be considered as a suitable screening test for the diagnosis of paratuberculosis due to the convenient sampling, high speed and low price. It is suggested that precise control programs to be performed based on the prevalence of the disease in Tehran province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Analysis and Modeling of the Spatial Distribution of Respiratory Diseases Associated with Environmental Factors Case Study: Kurdistan Province
abdolah faraji Mohamad kamangar firozeh ghaderiBackground and Objective: Human physical and mental health greatly depends on the climatic conditions of its bio-location. Identifying environmental factors creating or exacerbating diseases can be useful in optimizing decision making for prevention and control. The pur MoreBackground and Objective: Human physical and mental health greatly depends on the climatic conditions of its bio-location. Identifying environmental factors creating or exacerbating diseases can be useful in optimizing decision making for prevention and control. The purpose of this study is to determine the spatial resolution of respiratory diseases and its relation with environmental factors in order to understand spatial distribution, cluster discovery and spatial prediction modeling. Method: The population of patients with respiratory diseases referred to the medical centers and the study area of Kurdistan province between 2007 and 1396. Regarding the dispersion of patients from spatial and moron standard deviations, we used spatial regression method to determine the spatial and morphometric variability of the samples using independent variables of dust, height, direction of inclination and temperature. Findings: The results showed that the area of the ellipsoid is three times the standard deviation of the northwest of the southeast, indicating that more than 99% of these diseases are spreading in this direction. Moran index 0.82 also indicates spatial autocorrelation and disease numbers at a significant level of 99%. In spatial modeling to predict the spatial dispersion of a positive symptom disease, the coefficients obtained for dust and temperature with the disease indicate a direct relationship and the negative coefficients between elevation and slope indicate an indirect relationship with the disease. Modeling also showed that dust is the most important parameter in predicting the disease. Discussion and Conclusion: The value of R2 = 0.88 indicates that the extracted model is able to fully predict the dependent variable, respiratory disease, in Kurdistan province, taking into account independent environmental variables. Using the prediction map, the regions with respiratory disease can be better identified in order to improve the decision-making process for allocating and distributing spatial services. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Feasibility Study of Using Islamic Financial Resources for the Prevention and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease with an Emphasis on Waqf (Endowment)
Mohammad Mehdi Moridi Fakhrullah Mollai Kendallos Hamed Rostami NajafabadiThe purpose of the present study is to determine the feasibility of using financial resources of the Islamic government, especially Mowqufāt (endowed assets) to prevent and confront Coronavirus disease relying on the evidence of Islamic rules. The method of study is des MoreThe purpose of the present study is to determine the feasibility of using financial resources of the Islamic government, especially Mowqufāt (endowed assets) to prevent and confront Coronavirus disease relying on the evidence of Islamic rules. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and it has dealt with this main question: What is the ruling on using Islamic financial resources, especially waqf to prevent and confront Coronavirus disease from the view of Imāmiyah Fiqh? The results showed that the philosophy of assigning Islamic financial resources is related to their type of use. Financial needs for the prevention and treatment of Coronavirus disease can be resolved by using many of these resources in the path of God. Moreover, although assigned to some purposes other than medical use and scientific research, the assets of waqf can be used for the prevention and treatment of Coronavirus disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - The effect of caffeine intake on the risk of cardiovascular disease
Mehdi Ahmadifar نازیلا وحیدی ایریسفلی1 غلامحسین واعظی حسن باقری یزدی ناصر کلهر Reihane NateghiIntroduction:Caffeine is a chemical and edible substance, which is found in some foods, such as coffee, cocoa, cola, tea, chocolate and some drinks. Caffeine is the most widely used drug among people and almost 90 percent of people are using it on a daily basis. Given t MoreIntroduction:Caffeine is a chemical and edible substance, which is found in some foods, such as coffee, cocoa, cola, tea, chocolate and some drinks. Caffeine is the most widely used drug among people and almost 90 percent of people are using it on a daily basis. Given that taking food and drinks containing caffeine including chocolate, tea and coffee is very high in Iran as well as its effects on cardiovascular disease is still not fully understood; hence, the purpose of this research was to study the effects of caffeine on cardiovascular diseases and to report the results of research conducted in this regard.Research Methodology: In this study, library collection, searching the scientific literature and papers were used. The views of relevant experts were also examined.Results:The results showed that using tea has no harmful effects on the cardiovascular system. According to obtained results chocolate consumption will reduce both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. In general, drinking coffee causes increased blood pressure, irregular heartbeat, increased blood cholesterol, increased levels of homocysteine and increased risk of heart attacks. Several studies indicated fetal cardiac arrhythmias caused by excessive consumption of caffeine in pregnant women.Conclusions: According to the results, green and black tea has no harmful effects on cardiovascular diseases, but in some cases positive effects have also been reported. Consumption of chocolate, cocoa and coffee have harmful effects on the cardiovascular system. Due to the effects of caffeine on pregnant women, consumption of coffee and caffeine should be reduced during pregnancy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Molecular investigation of the adhesin gene sfaC in isolates of Escherichia coli (E.coli) tissue of patients with colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease large Iranian population
الیکا حاجی آقا ابراهیم شهلا محمد گنجی Mohsen ZargarColorectal cancer after lung cancer, stomach and liver cancer is fourth most common cancer in Iran and worldwide. Studies have shown that patients with inflammation bowel disease (IBD) in large intestine are at increased risk of CRC. Various factors play a role in color MoreColorectal cancer after lung cancer, stomach and liver cancer is fourth most common cancer in Iran and worldwide. Studies have shown that patients with inflammation bowel disease (IBD) in large intestine are at increased risk of CRC. Various factors play a role in colorectal cancer that bacteria are one of these factors. E. coli is a member of the Microbiota of human intestinal tract in the colon. Also, the ability of binding to host cells is the most basic step in successful colonization in microbial pathogens. Some strains of E. coli has a number of fimbriae and adhesion, such as P fimbriae, S fimbriae, and adhesion of bacteria afimbrial which gives the ability to connect to the host cells. This study was performed to investigate the sfaC adhesin gene in E.coli isolated from intestinal tissue biopsies of patients with inflammation bowel disease and colorectal cancer. 38 biopsies were obtained from intestinal tissue and bacteria were isolated and identified using microbial and biochemical methods. After DNA extraction, strains for adhesin gene sfaC were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Molecular studies showed that the number of positive samples for this gene (sfaC) in normal individuals and in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and patients with colorectal cancer, were 42.8%, 62.5% and 60% of, respectively. The results of this study shows the relationship between the adhesin gene and colorectal cancer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - The effect of diabetes on reserpine-induced catalepsy in rats model of Parkinson's disease
اعظم خلج رامش احمدیAim and Background: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease in the central nervous system, characterized by dopaminergic neuronal loss in the nigrostriatal system with clinical symptoms such as resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, and disturbances of postural MoreAim and Background: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease in the central nervous system, characterized by dopaminergic neuronal loss in the nigrostriatal system with clinical symptoms such as resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, and disturbances of postural reflex.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of diabetes on reserpine-induced catalepsy in male rats model of Parkinson's diseaseMaterial and Methods: In this study, 24 Wistar rats were divided in 4 groups (control, diabetes, Parkinson's disease, Parkinson's disease + diabetes).Each of animals in the diabetic groups was given a single injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, i.p). Parkinson's disease was induced by administration of Reserpine (1 mg/kg, i.p)The bar- test was used to measure cataleptic symptoms. Catalepsy was evaluated by placing both forepaws of the rat on a horizontal bar.SPSS software was used for analyzing data by using of analysis of variance that it was performed at a significance level of p<0.05.Results: catalepsy was significantly higher in the group of diabetes + Parkinson's disease.Conclusion: Diabetes can be effective on reserpine-induced catalepsy in male rats model of Parkinson's disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) image processing for virtual tissue extraction
Reza Moasherati Hasan TashakoriObjective: Cardiovascular diseases have increased significantly in recent decades. One of the heart failures is coronary artery occlusion disease, which is caused by the accumulation of plaques in the coronary artery wall. The main goal of this research is to detect the MoreObjective: Cardiovascular diseases have increased significantly in recent decades. One of the heart failures is coronary artery occlusion disease, which is caused by the accumulation of plaques in the coronary artery wall. The main goal of this research is to detect the location of plaques and improve the shadow areas behind calcium plaques using automatic image processing methods.Materials and Methods: In this research, an automatic algorithm was designed and implemented to detect calcium plaques and the shadowed area in intravascular ultrasound images. In this algorithm, the Atsu thresholding method and the active contour method are used to select the detection threshold and reveal the shadow border, respectively. Also, the quality of shaded areas has been improved with histogram adjustment and histogram matching methods. For this purpose, the images of 26 patients with coronary artery occlusion from two selected hospitals of Ardabil city were selected with the cooperation of the doctor.Findings: Using the algorithm implemented for two cases, the presence or absence of plaques in the images and the correctness or incorrectness of all plaques in the images were checked and compared with the results of the doctor's diagnosis.Conclusion: The results of the method used in this research compared to other researches, due to working on a large number of real images of patients and validating the results with the opinion of a cardiologist, caused a more accurate diagnosis of calcium plaques. Also, the results of improving the quality of the images showed that improving the quality of shadows does not give valuable information regarding the determination of the outer border of the vessel and the location of the calcium plaques due to their placement outside the area of the placement of the plaques. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Neuroprotective Effect of Ghrelin on Substantia Nigra in Parkinson Disease Model Induced -MPTP
Neda Nikoklam NazifAim and Background: Parkinson's disease is a progressive central nervous system disorder. This disease is caused by degenerative loss of dopaminergic neurons of midbrain, from substantia nigra to corpus striatum pathway. Ghrelin act as a neuroprotective against Parkinso MoreAim and Background: Parkinson's disease is a progressive central nervous system disorder. This disease is caused by degenerative loss of dopaminergic neurons of midbrain, from substantia nigra to corpus striatum pathway. Ghrelin act as a neuroprotective against Parkinson disease, and this study aimed to investigate protective effects of ghrelin on the substantia nigra area of brain in Parkinson disease model induced- MPTP. Materials and Methods:Forty male NMRI mice were randomly divided into 5 groups of: control, saline, Parkinson, Parkinson + 0.0002 mg/kg ghrelin, and Parkinson +0.0004 mg/kg ghrelin. The Parkinson disease model was induced by MPTP intraperitoneally injection (25 mg/kg, i.p) for four days. The treatment was started one day after last MPTP inducement, by ghrelin intraperitoneally injection for 30 days. catalepsy was assessed by the means of a standard test bar. The brains were removed from the skull for histology (haematoxylin and eosin stain were used as the main principle), also tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and Interleukin 10(IL-10) levels in substantia nigra and corpus striatum was measured using ELISA method. Results:Ghrelin effectively reduces catalepsy levels and reduces the degenerative loss of dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra pars compacta. It will meaningfully decrease the levels of TNF-α, and positively increases the levels of IL-10 in substantia nigra and corpus striatum. Conclusion: Based on results obtained from this study, we can conclude that ghrelin has a neuroprotective role, improves catalepsy, reduces inflammatory factors, and increase anti-inflammatory factors in Parkinson disease rodent models. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - The effect of caloric restriction on reserpine-induced catalepsy in rats model of Parkinson's disease
Azam Khalaj Tahreh sadat Shobeiri Mohammad Reza YazdianAim and Background: Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease and the most common cause of disability . it is a progressive disease that is associated with the destruction of nerve cells. Caloric restriction is th MoreAim and Background: Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease and the most common cause of disability . it is a progressive disease that is associated with the destruction of nerve cells. Caloric restriction is the only preventive action that has a life long-lasting effect on laboratory models. It has been shown in a large scale of laboratory animals that caloric restriction increases life expectancy, decreases the incidence of several age-related diseases, and preserves youth activities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of caloric restriction diet on reserpine-induced catalepsy in male rats model of Parkinson's disease. Material and Methods: In this study, 30 Wistar rats were divided in 5 groups (control, Parkinson's disease,caloric restriction, Parkinson's disease + caloric restriction, caloric restriction+ Parkinson's disease(2) ).Animals in caloric restriction groups were under the caloric restriction of 30 percent. Parkinson's disease was induced by administration of Reserpine (1 mg/kg, i.p). The bar- test was used to measure cataleptic symptoms. Results: catalepsy was significantly lower in of caloric restriction + Parkinson's disease and caloric restriction+ Parkinson's disease (2) groups than in Parkinson's disease group. (P <0/05). Conclusion: caloric restriction of 30 percent can improve reserpine-induced catalepsy in male rats model of Parkinson's disease. Also, caloric restriction before inducing Parkinson's disease reduces the severity of complications after getting sick, including catalepsy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Ultrasonic Irradiation Assisted Enantioselective Synthesis of Alzheimer’s Disease Drug Rivastigmine Tartrate by Using Nanocatalyst
Hossein Asadnezhad Ali Saberi Abbas Azimi Roshan -
Open Access Article
35 - The Role of Sanitation Ministry in Culture Creation to Prevent Non-Contagious Diseases Related to Inactivity in the Country with an Emphasis on Physical Activity
Abbas ShabaniThe purpose of the present study is to review the role of the sanitation ministry for culture creation and prevention of non-contagious diseases related to inactivity in the country with an emphasis on physical activity. The current research is a descriptive survey and MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review the role of the sanitation ministry for culture creation and prevention of non-contagious diseases related to inactivity in the country with an emphasis on physical activity. The current research is a descriptive survey and it has a developmental and somehow practical objective. The statistical population of the research consisted of 600 specialists of medical science and MA experts at Iran Medical Science, Shahid Beheshti, and Tehran Universities. Simple random sampling was used to determine 234 members by Morgan Table as the research sample. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed and its reliability was calculated to be 0.71 by Cronbach Alpha Coefficient. The results showed that the ministry of health and medical education does not yet have a comprehensive plan and policy to prevent inactivity related diseases through encouraging physical activity. Moreover, the most important factors in line with betterment of the culture of physical activity to prevent inactivity diseases were determined by the ministry of sanitation, health, and medical education. The Ministry of sanitation, health, and medical education as well as the ministry of sport and youth should take steps to boost physical activity and improve health in society by collaboration, encouragement policies, and culture creation strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - A Study of 8 Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training along with Coenzyme Q10 and Vitamin D Supplementation on Coordination, Balance, and Cognitive Function of Inactive Students with a History of COVID-19
Farhad Azimi Ehsan Sadeghi Aydin ValizadehThe purpose of the present study is to review the effect of 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) along with coenzyme Q10 and vitamin D supplementation on coordination, balance, and cognitive function of inactive students who had a history of COVID-19. The MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review the effect of 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) along with coenzyme Q10 and vitamin D supplementation on coordination, balance, and cognitive function of inactive students who had a history of COVID-19. The research method was post-test with a control group. To this aim, 20 participants with the average age of 21.7±5.7 were randomly divided into intervention and placebo groups. Simultaneous with starting HIIT workouts, coenzyme Q10 and vitamin D supplementation was also used. The placebo group received 2 empty capsules instead of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin D supplementation for the treatment group. Independent t-test was used for statistical analysis and according to the results, no significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of coordination tests. Moreover, the cognitive function of the participants in the intervention group improved significantly compared to the placebo group. It seems that HIIT workouts could enhance the cognitive function and active balance of those who had a history of COVID-19. After their recovery, patients affected by COVID-19 can use HIIT workouts to accelerate the betterment of their cognitive and balance function. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Arq ajwain protects nonalcoholic fatty liver disease on high-fat diet-induced obese rat
Md Rafiul Haque Md Afroz Ahmad Kamran Ashraf Md Habban Akhter Mohammad Jameel Abuzer Ali Wasim Akhtar Monika Dhaka Kavita Rana -
Open Access Article
38 - Construction and Scale Validation For Evaluating Type D Personality and a Study of its Relationship to the Coronary Heart Disease
علیرضا احمدپور حسن احدی محمدمهدی مظاهری غلامرضا نفیسیAbstract :The aim of this study is the scale construction for evaluating type D personality and a study of its relationship to the coronary heart disease. The population of the study includes all the students and staff of the Islamic Azad University, in Esfahan province MoreAbstract :The aim of this study is the scale construction for evaluating type D personality and a study of its relationship to the coronary heart disease. The population of the study includes all the students and staff of the Islamic Azad University, in Esfahan province and the patients with coronary heart disease who consulted heart specialists. The sample of the study includes normal people and patients with heart diseases who were selected randomly in certain steps. In order to check the validity of the construction of the primary questionnaire, the statistical factor analysis method was used, and for the research hypothesis the U Mann Whitney test was used. To check the reliability of simultaneity of the primary D scale form, the questionnaire of Denollet type D personality, and General Health questionnaire, Glass Negative thought under scale of social interaction, and Ahwaz type A personality in are used. Coefficient correlation of simultaneous performance and above questionnaire are in ordered as follows .and (P < ). In order to examine the reliability of the constructed scale the methods of Cronbach Alpha, test-retest and split-halves are used. The coefficients obtained via above methods are ordered as follows and (P < ). The results of interactive analysis together with the methods of main items and turning round of varimax were five factors. which are accordingly named depression, anxiety, anger and offensiveness as under scale of negative excitements and social limitation and verbal preventions as under scale of social inhibition. The amounts of value scale of questions were about , KMO which shows the sufficiency of sampling is . and Bartlett´s test of sphericity was (P < ). The results of the study of the relationship between type D personality and coronary heart disease shows that U Mann Whitney equals z = (P < ). Therefore, the differences between the scores of normal people and patient with heart disease were meaning ful. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - The Comparison of Anxiety Sensitivity and Coping Stress Strategies between Patients with Non-Cardiac Chest Pain, Cardiac Patients and Normal Subjects
nowshad ghasemiThe main propose of this study was to compare the anxiety sensitivity and coping stress strategies between patients with non-cardiac chest pain, cardiac disease and healthy individuals. An ex-post- facto design was used as the research design. The population included al MoreThe main propose of this study was to compare the anxiety sensitivity and coping stress strategies between patients with non-cardiac chest pain, cardiac disease and healthy individuals. An ex-post- facto design was used as the research design. The population included all patients with non-cardiac and cardiac chest pain who referred to Shiraz health centers in 2013. Subjects were 50 cardiac patients (28 females and 22 males), 50 patients with non-cardiac chest Pain (29 females and 21 males) and 50 people as normal matched group (27 female and 23 male) within 22 to 81 years old age range who were selected through purposive sampling method. The instruments for data collection consisted of Anxiety Sensitivity Index (Taylor & Cox, 1998), Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (Parker & Endler, 1990), and a researcher-made demographic information checklist. Then the data was analyzed with one way analysis of variance and chi square. Results indicated that both cardiac and non- cardiac chest pain patients significantly are lower than normal matched group in using problem solving coping strategies (P<0.01) and higher in using emotional (P<0.01) and avoidance coping strategies (P<0.05). Results also indicated that non-cardiac chest pain patients showed highest sensitivity to all 6 subscales and normal group showed lowest sensitivity. In this regard, patients with cardiac disease could stand between the two groups and both groups of patients were significantly different from the normal healthy group (P<0.05). As a conclusion, psychological variables such as anxiety sensitivity and coping stress strategies can predict pain frequency, severity and treatment seeking especially for patients with Non –cardiac chest pain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - The effects of Functional Analytic Psychotherapy and compassionate therapy on distress tolerance and difficulty in regulating emotion in patients with cardiovascular disease
Fatemeh Bronsi zahra Bagherzadeh Gol Makani Ahmad Mansouri ahmad zendedelThis study aimed at comparing functional analysis therapy and compassionate therapy on distress tolerance and difficulty in regulating emotion among cardiovascular patients. It was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and a control group. The statistical MoreThis study aimed at comparing functional analysis therapy and compassionate therapy on distress tolerance and difficulty in regulating emotion among cardiovascular patients. It was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and a control group. The statistical population included all cardiovascular patients in Mashhad in 2020. The sample consisted of 45 cardiovascular patients referred to Valiasr clinic who were selected by convenience sampling method and then were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (15 patients in each group) and a control group (15 patients). After the pre-test, the experimental groups underwent functional analysis psychotherapy and compassionate therapy interventions, and at the end, both groups took the post-test, but the control group did not receive any intervention. The research instruments included the Distress Tolerance Scale (Simons & Gaher, 2005) and the Emotion Regulation Difficulty Questionnaire (Roemer and Gratz, 2004). Data were analyzed using SPSS software and multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of functional analysis psychotherapy and compassion therapy on the tolerance of distress and difficulty in regulating emotion in patients with cardiovascular diseases (P<0.05). Compassionate therapy was more effective than the functional analysis psychotherapy on the tolerance of distress and difficulty in regulating emotion in patients with cardiovascular disease. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that compassion therapy led to increased anxiety tolerance and reduced difficulty in regulating the emotion of cardiovascular patients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Comparison of the effectiveness acceptance and commitment therapy and transdiagnostic therapy on sexual function and components of personality type D. in people with cardiovascular disease
Majid Amiri hasan khoshakhlagh Parinaz Sadat Sajadian Hasan Rezaei_JamaloeiThe aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and transdiagnostic therapy on sexual function and personality type D components in cardiovascular patients.The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test des MoreThe aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and transdiagnostic therapy on sexual function and personality type D components in cardiovascular patients.The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a 2-month follow-up with the experimental and control groups. 51 cardiovascular patients in Isfahan city in 1401 were selected using the purposeful sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group(Three groups of 16 people). The research tools were the Rosen (2002)Male Sexual Performance Questionnaire and the Denolt(2005) Personality Type D Questionnaire. The experimental groups received the treatment in 9 sessions of 90 minutes and once a week, and the control group was waiting for the treatment. The data were analyzed using the statistical method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements. The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and transdiagnostic therapy was on sexual function and personality type D components in cardiovascular patients (P<0.001) and there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of both methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - The Rate of Awareness and Attitudes of IAU Studentâs of Toyserkan on AIDS and Influential Factors on It
Zahra Ghodsi Saied Goodarzi Nasrin MesgariAbstract AIDS, oneof the most dangerous contagious diseases, has currently affected many people unfortunately, %90 of them are from developing countries. Considering the outbreak of AIDS mostly in the young and the declaration of the public assembly of the UN, fo MoreAbstract AIDS, oneof the most dangerous contagious diseases, has currently affected many people unfortunately, %90 of them are from developing countries. Considering the outbreak of AIDS mostly in the young and the declaration of the public assembly of the UN, for achieving a %25 decrease in its outbreak by 2010 , this study aims at investigating the student's degree of awareness and attitude in Toyserkan Azad University on AIDS and influential factors on it. The students were selected thorough rank sampling and were studied by field-finding method. The means of data collection was questionnaire consisting of closed-answer questions. The distribution and data were described and the data analysis was conducted using T-test, Regression-Analysis, and one-way Variance-Analysis. The results show the positive relationship between awareness and the type of attitude, meaningful relationship between gender, field of study, semester and the degree of awareness, and the meaningful relationship between field of study and the attitude toward AIDS. Based on the findings of the present study, it is recommended that they enrich instruction on the AIDS in the universities and inform the students aiming at changing the type of attitude and plan and perform programs that improve the hygiene related to AIDS, and especially present its outbreak. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Parkinson’s disease detection using EEG signals analysis based on Walsh Hadamard transform
Yasamin Ezazi Peyvand GhaderyanBackground: Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most important diseases of the nervous system that occurs due to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Because of increasing prevalence rate, lack of specific treatment, and aggravation sympt MoreBackground: Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most important diseases of the nervous system that occurs due to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Because of increasing prevalence rate, lack of specific treatment, and aggravation symptoms over time, PD detection is very important for the optimal control of patients' life. Therefore, the development of non-invasive, low-cost and reliable clinical diagnostic methods play an essential role to help doctors in diagnosis, slowing progressions of the disease and providing better control strategies to improve the quality of patients' life. Among diagnostic methods, recording and analyzing the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal as a low-cost and non-invasive approach has attracted a lot of attention.Method: EEG signal analysis in the time domain contains important information, but does not include the frequency information. Hence, this study is based on extracting new frequency features from the EEG signal using Walsh-Hadamard transform (WHT). WHT converts the signal from the time domain into the frequency domain and decompose it into orthogonal and rectangular waves. In this method, after calculating the Walsh coefficients, a set of features such as entropy, impulsive metrics, basic and high-order statistical features have been extracted from these coefficients. Subsequently, the discriminating capability of the presented method has been assessed using two classifiers namely support vector machine and k-nearest neighbor to classify PD patients from the healthy group.Results: The proposed method has been evaluated using the EEG signals of 28 healthy individuals and 28 patients with PD in two medication states (ON and OFF) during the reinforcement learning task. The obtained results have shown that this method is able to detect PD by using the entropy feature, support vector machine, and k nearest neighbor with acceptable accuracy of 99.95% and 99.98%, respectively. The good performance of entropy feature in comparison of other ones can be attributed to non-linear and non-stationary nature of EEG signal.Conclusion: In this study, a non-invasive, low-cost, and reliable method for PD detection using EEG signal analysis has been proposed. This algorithm is a multi-stage technique with a feature extraction approach based on WHT, entropy feature, and support vector machine and k-nearest neighbor classifiers. The reported results indicate that this method is effective in PD detection while being simple and easy, as well as being robust to the clinical factor of medication status. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - The Effect of Ethanol Extraction of Aloe vera on Certain Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease in Mice Treated with Nanoparticles of Titanium Dioxide
Fereshteh Javan Masoomi Jila Talat Mehrabad Roghayeh Babri BonabInroduction & Objective: The effect of ethanol extraction of Aloe vera on certain biomarkers of cardiovascular disease in mice treated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles was studied.Material and Methods: Mice were received titanium dioxide nanoparticles with density of MoreInroduction & Objective: The effect of ethanol extraction of Aloe vera on certain biomarkers of cardiovascular disease in mice treated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles was studied.Material and Methods: Mice were received titanium dioxide nanoparticles with density of 100 milligrams per kg and ethanol extraction of aloe vera plant with density of 100, 200 and 300 milligrams per kg for 30 days. Plasma levels ofmalondialdehyde, rich sialic acid, troponin I and creatine kinase MB at the end of treatment was evaluated. The antioxidant activity of ethanol extraction in Aloe Vera using free radical DPPH and total phenol levels were considered.Results: The results showed that giving titanium dioxide nanoparticles through the stimulation of oxidative activity had a significant increase in plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). Plasma levels of troponin I, creatine kinase MB and rich sialic acid also significantly increased. With increasing density of aloe vera, the total phenol and antioxidant activity of ethanol extraction increased. Giving the extraction significantly reduced the plasma levels of biomarkers of cardiovascular damage in mice treated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles.Conclusion:According to the results, ethanol extraction of aloe vera as an antioxidant compound is able to reduce the levels of cardiovascular damage in mice treated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Histological Examination Of the Molecular and Microbial Samples from Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Hospital Baqiyatallah
Najmeh Najafzadeh Shahla Mohammad Ganji Reza Behroozi Sedigheh MehrabiyanInroduction and Objective:Infection with E.coli Bacterium carrying PKS genes is considered one of the causes for infection inside the body, because the bacteria carrying PKS genes will induce Histone H2AX Phosphorylation in antrocites of mice. A considerable increase in MoreInroduction and Objective:Infection with E.coli Bacterium carrying PKS genes is considered one of the causes for infection inside the body, because the bacteria carrying PKS genes will induce Histone H2AX Phosphorylation in antrocites of mice. A considerable increase in frequency of mutations is seen in cells which are exposed to toxin. Studies indicate that infection can cause the potential for mutation. Therefore, colonization of species of E.coli bacteria carrying PKS genes can cause cancer development in large intestine.Material and Methods: In this research, we examined the existence of genetic island of PKS in E.coli bacteria taken from patients’ biopsies infected with inflammatory intestine disease and normal subjects whom have been to Digestion and Glands Clinic at Baghiatalah Hospital and the contrast between cancerous and healthy tissue was performed using a scanning electron microscope. Therefore, 20 biopsy samples of healthy people and 25 biopsy samples of intestine tissue from people infected with inflammatory intestine disease were examined in terms of microbiology and molecular structure. For this purpose, E.coli bacteria was detected by using the intestine tissue, microbiologic and biochemical approaches, then the their DNAs was extracted, and Multiplex PCR approach was used for the specific designed primers in terms of availability of genes in the PKS island, and the PCR products was examined using Electrophoresis on 2% Agarose Gel.Results:The results have indicated that 28% of the E.coli bacteria taken from patients’ biopsies have genetic area of PKS. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Investigating the effect of Eclipta prostrata hydroalcoholic extract on motor activity, avoidance memory and oxidative stress in an animal model of Parkinson's disease in adult male rats
shahrbano alamirostami Maryam RafieiradBackground and Aims: Parkinson's disease is associated with motor and cognitive disorders, so we investigated the administration of Eclipta prostrata hydroalcoholic extract on learning, memory, motor activity and oxidative stress in Parkinson's model.Materials and metho MoreBackground and Aims: Parkinson's disease is associated with motor and cognitive disorders, so we investigated the administration of Eclipta prostrata hydroalcoholic extract on learning, memory, motor activity and oxidative stress in Parkinson's model.Materials and methods: 50 adult Wistar rats were divided into five groups: control group, parkinsonian group and three groups treated with eucalyptus perstrata extract in three different concentrations of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg. Induction of Parkinson's model was done by injecting 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). One day after the last gavage, motor tests were done. The shuttle box test was used to evaluate learning and avoidance memory. Oxidative stress was evaluated by malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase and thiol content.Results: 7 days after the lesion in the MFB, after the administration of apomorphine, the rats turned 360 degrees in the right direction at a rate of more than 10 revolutions per minute. In the movement tests of the parkinsonian group, maintaining balance in rotarod (p<0.001), catalepsy (p<0.001), muscle stiffness (p<0.001), stride length (p<0.001) and avoidance memory (p<0.001) showed a significant difference to the control group. Also, Eclipta prostrata extract significantly improved all kinds of movement disorders caused by Parkinson's disease, and in doses of 50, 100, and 200, it improved memory in Parkinsonian rats (p<0.001). Also, the extract significantly increased the amount of thiol (p<0.001). and glutathione peroxidase (p<0.001) and decreased MDA in hippocampus and striatum tissue (p<0.001).Conclusion: In general, we showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of Eclipta prostrata administered in the animal model of Parkinson's has a favorable effect on memory, learning, motor activity and oxidative stress of the brain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Evaluation of Aqueous, Organic Extracts of Leaves and Roots Polygonum aviculare L. on Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogenic Bacteria Invitro and Invivo
shahrzad nassiri semnani nastaran GhasempourInroduction & Objective: Drug resistance of bacteria in infections diseases has led to more attention to the use of plants in the treatment of diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aqueous, organic extracts of leaves and roots of Polygonu MoreInroduction & Objective: Drug resistance of bacteria in infections diseases has led to more attention to the use of plants in the treatment of diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aqueous, organic extracts of leaves and roots of Polygonum aviculare L. on pathogenic bacteria in animal and laboratory models. Materials and Methods: In this study, after preparing aqueous, ethanolic and estonian extracts of different parts of Polygonum aviculare L. powder, the MIC and MBC of the extracts on bacteria were determined by dilution methods in broth and well diffusion in agar. In this study, an animal model was administered by peritoneal injection of 5×105 CFU/ml of bacteria and 0.5 cc of extracts with MIC concentration, number of spleen bacterial colonies after 7 days by culture on Müllerinton agar and standard counting protocol. Results: The highest levels of MIC and MBC on Staphylococcus aureus related to leafy and ethanolic leaves were 57 and 38, respectively, on Pseudomonas aeruginosa related to stem and leaf ethanol, respectively 31 and 27, on Klebsiella pneumoniae ethanolic extract of root and leaf 57 and 120 mg / ml and on Streptococcus pyogenes the estonian extract of the leaf is 227 mg / ml. In vivo, the leaf extract for Staphylococcus aureus was 7.5 × 106 CFU / ml and the ethanolic extract of the stem for Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 8 × 107 CFU / ml, for Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes leaves and roots was 7.5 × 103 and 6.3 × 107 CFU / ml respectively. Conclusion: Polygonum aviculare L.extracts have antimicrobial effects on the studied bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Entomopathogenic fungi: An alternative in the control of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)
Hana HajiallahverdipourThe Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, is a vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus that causes citrus greening disease. The vector population has increased drastically in our country, in recent years. Entomopathogenic fungi are among those agents whic MoreThe Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, is a vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus that causes citrus greening disease. The vector population has increased drastically in our country, in recent years. Entomopathogenic fungi are among those agents which might have the potential to suppress its population. To study the effects of these agents on adult psyllids and the relationship between fungus-sprayed area and mortality, two isolates, DEMI 002 (Metarrhizium anisopliae) and DEPI 002 (Isariatenuipes) were investigated in the laboratory. Four leaf sections were placed together in a Petri dish and one to four of them were sprayed by the fungal suspensions at a concentration of 7×105 spores/ml and two adult psyllids were released into Petri dishes. Five days after treatment, ‘DEMI 002’ and ‘DEPI 002’ caused 71% and 29% mortality, respectively. DEMI 002, an isolate of Metarrhizium anisopliae, was significantly more effective than DEPI 002(Isaria tenuipes). However, there was no statistical difference between different leaf area coverage on mortality, showing the horizontal transfer of the fungi among the psyllids. Application of entomopathogenic fungi at low quantities combined with other control techniques is an appropriate option in an IPM approach against D. citri. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Study on the infections status and important agronomic factors in severity of black shank disease of tobacco in Golestan province
seyyed afshin sajjadi Mohammad Ali Aghajani Hoda Assemi Mohammad Reza NajafiPhytophthora nicotianae Breda de Haan (=P. parasitica Dasture) is the causal agent of black shank disease and one of the most important pathogen in tobacco fields. In order to study the infection status of this disease in tobacco fields of Golestan province, 4 MorePhytophthora nicotianae Breda de Haan (=P. parasitica Dasture) is the causal agent of black shank disease and one of the most important pathogen in tobacco fields. In order to study the infection status of this disease in tobacco fields of Golestan province, 45 tobacco fields in five different regions of Gorgaan (Taghartappeh, Jafarabad, Ghorogh, Nodehmalek and Valeshabad) and four different regions of Aliabad (Pichakmahaleh, Baraftan, Fazelabad and Elazman) selected in 2014. The amount of disease was recorded during the infection period from the beginning of symptoms appearance, weekly. Stat Graphics Centurion XVI and Harward Graphics softwares were used to statistical analysis and draw charts of the development of epidemiological models, respectively. The factors influencing the epidemiology of disease were determined using two statistical methods of analysis of discriminant analysis and logistic regression. Based on the highest disease incidence there were no significant differences between regions, but there were significant differences (P<0.001) between fields. One field with disease incidence 43.4% in Valeshabad had the highest disease incidence. Jafarabad with 23.64% disease incidence had the highest infection and Nodehmalek with 16.4% disease incidence had the lowest infection. The results of this study show that disease of tobacco black shank in two regions of Gorgan and Aliabad in Golestan province with different rate of expansion. Study of temporal analysis of the epidemic using five different growth models (Exponential, Monomolecular, Logistic, Gompertz and Log-Logistic) showed that the Gompertz was the best fit model for describing this disease epidemic in the Golestan province condition. Weather conditions were similar in the different regions in 2015 year. The amount of fungi and nematode of inoculum in soil, Number of spraying in field and seedbed, duration of irrigation, rotation and soil texture were the most important variables in the incidence of disease in the Golestan province in the 2015 crop year. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Purification and serological study of sugarcane white leaf phytoplasma in Khuzestane province
Roya Biabani Sasan Ghasemi Mohammad Salehi Heshmatollah RahimianSugarcane white leaf (SCWL) is among the most important and economical diseases of sugarcane in Asia. SCWL is reported from Khuzestan province as an emerging phytoplasmal disease of sugarcane. In addition to SCWL, Bermuda grass white leaf (BGWL) the other monocot phytop MoreSugarcane white leaf (SCWL) is among the most important and economical diseases of sugarcane in Asia. SCWL is reported from Khuzestan province as an emerging phytoplasmal disease of sugarcane. In addition to SCWL, Bermuda grass white leaf (BGWL) the other monocot phytoplasmal disease also is reported from this province. Rabbit has been used for rising of antiserum by injection of partially purified SCWL at 40g of infected tissue. This antiserum exhibited specificity for its homologous phytoplasma antigen in Plate- Trapped Antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PTA-ELISA) dot immunoblotting assay (DIBA) and tissue print immuno assay (TPIA). No cross-reactions were observed in reciprocal tests between this antiserum and other tested phytoplasmas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Identification of causing pathogens and associate of wheat root and crown rots in Gorgan regional
Mohammad Ali DEHGHAN Shahpour EBRAHIMI NEJAD hossein barariThe causes root rot of wheat are different in different regions. Because of disease symptoms appear late, concealment of farmers and experts sight, exert enormous damage to the product. In this study, for three consecutive years (2009-2011) from infected plants in wheat MoreThe causes root rot of wheat are different in different regions. Because of disease symptoms appear late, concealment of farmers and experts sight, exert enormous damage to the product. In this study, for three consecutive years (2009-2011) from infected plants in wheat Fields Gorgan area, at different growth stages were randomly sampled the distance of each 2 km. The samples were transported to the laboratory and the separation and purification of fungi was performed on WA, PDA and special culture media. The fungus was identified based on their morphological characteristics. After identification, pathogenicity of the isolates tested was done in a test tube with seedling test methods and test plants in plastic pots in the greenhouse. All data to determine the frequency and dominant isolates were stored in the refrigerator. Finally 16 species, including 12 species of fungi Fusarium spp. with 4 fungi included Bipolaris sorokiniana, Gaeumannomyces gamines, Alternaria tineus and solaniRhizoctonia were isolated with different frequency from the infected root and crown of wheat in this region. The determine of isolates frequency in different years, Fusarium culmorum، F. graminearum، F. pseudograminearum and Bipolaris sorokiniana fungi were introduced with the highest percent frequency as the dominant fungi in the infect wheat roots and crowns rot in different regions of Golestan province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - The effect of amino acid Methionine on β- 1,3 glucanase gene expression and activity of effective enzymes in induced resistance to citrus canker disease in lime
Vahideh Hasabi Hossein Askari Seyed Mehdi Alavi Masood Soltani Najafabadi Hamidreza ZamanizadehCitrus bacterial canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, is one of the most important diseases of citrus in tropical and subtropical regions. Accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins such as β -1, 3 glucanase against plant pathogen attack, as plant d MoreCitrus bacterial canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, is one of the most important diseases of citrus in tropical and subtropical regions. Accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins such as β -1, 3 glucanase against plant pathogen attack, as plant defense mechanisms against plant pathogens is considered. To investigate the expression of PR-2 genes related β -1, 3 glucanase and the effective enzymes in induced resistance to citrus canker, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design. The amino acid methionine at a concentration of 25 mM and distilled water as control, were used for this study. After 48 hours post treatment, plants were inoculated with 5 ml of bacterial suspension (at a concentration of 108 colonies per ml) by syringe without needle and contained under greenhouse conditions. Based on phenotypic tests results, there were significant difference in the level of 0.05 between the amino acid methionine treated plants and control plants treated with sterile distilled water. The molecular test results indicated an increase in the expression of PR-2 at 24, 48 and 72 h after inoculation. Based on the results of antioxidant enzymes activity study in stressed plants, plants treated with the amino acid methionine significantly increased the enzyme activity of peroxidase and phenylalanine, however, did not affect on catalase activity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Identification of some pathogenic fungal agents of crown and roots of rapeseed in Isfahan
Mehdi Nasrisfahani Azadeh Sanieirad Narges NasrollahiThe rapeseed (Brassica napus) is one of the most important oilseed crops throughout the world. This crop is being attacked by several pests and diseases. This studies were conducted for the identification of some fungal diseases under laboratory and glass-house conditio MoreThe rapeseed (Brassica napus) is one of the most important oilseed crops throughout the world. This crop is being attacked by several pests and diseases. This studies were conducted for the identification of some fungal diseases under laboratory and glass-house conditions on rape plants in Isfahan areas including; Braan, Koohpayeh, Mahabad, Mobarakeh, Dehaghan, Kabootarabad and Fraydan, where the infected plants were collected from the infected fields. The studies indicated that there are certain fungal pathogens infecting the areal and underground of rape plants. Isolation and growing cultures for identification of Fusarium species were with consistent and proper preparation of cultures on SA, WA, PDA, SNA, CLA, NASH & NYDER. Obtained isolates were identified by using morphological and various keys. All isolates were categorized in 5 species of Fusarium including: F. culmorum,F. heterosporum, F. lateritium, F. oxysporum,F. solani and one species of Rhizoctonia (R. solani). Disease severity was calculated under laboratory condition and compared with control using scoring scales (0-24). Results showed that, the highest level of infection was recorded by F. culmorum, F. lateritium, F. oxysporum,F. solani and R. solani, whereas the least infection was noticed by F. lateritium and F. heterosporum. It was also tested the isolated species on growth of plant and symptoms of disease. On the base of analyzing the data using DMRT (P=0.01%, 0.05%) on shoot length, fresh and dry weight of plants by different isolated pathogen, it was noticed significant effect compared to control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Defense responses of apple treated with the yeast Pichia guilliermondii and silicon against Penicillium expansum
Leila Farahani Hassan Reza EtebarianIn this study variation of Peroxidase activity and phenolic compounds were studied after treating with Pichia guilliermondii (A6) and silicon (Si) and inoculation with Penicillium expansum (F1). The samples were taken in zero, second, fourth, sixth and eighth days after MoreIn this study variation of Peroxidase activity and phenolic compounds were studied after treating with Pichia guilliermondii (A6) and silicon (Si) and inoculation with Penicillium expansum (F1). The samples were taken in zero, second, fourth, sixth and eighth days after pathogen inoculation. The results showed that Peroxidase activity increased during these days and achieved the highest activity in sixth and eighth days. These results indicated that the phenolic compounds were in maximum amount in the second day after pathogen inoculation. These findings emphasized that increase in peroxidase activity and phenolic compounds could be the reason for induction of resistance in apple fruits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - The effect of aerobic and resistance exercise with olive extract on VO2 max, PTEN, and AKT in rats with Parkinson's disease
Seyedeh Soheila Bolhagh Ramin Shabani Donya Sajedi -
Open Access Article
56 - Effect of a bout of heavy resistance training on galectin-3 in healthy young men
Hamid Reza Nayeri khoob -
Open Access Article
57 - Effect of a strenuous aerobic exercise on sdLDL concentration in healthy men
Nooshin Khajeian -
Open Access Article
58 - Aerobic exercise is a feasible intervention for delaying disease progression in Alzheimer’s disease
Fatemeh Akbari Mehrzad Moghadasi Sirus Farsi Mohammad Amin Edalatmanesh -
Open Access Article
59 - Comparison the effect of 8 weeks endurance versus resistance exercise on sdLDL concentration in military men
Nooshin Khajeian Hamid Reza Nayeri khoob -
Open Access Article
60 - Effect of eight weeks high intensity aerobic exercise on C-reactive protein levels in obese middle-aged men
Fariba Hosseini Najmeh Abdollahpur Ehsan Bahrami Abdehgah -
Open Access Article
61 - Effects of aerobic exercise on lipids profile and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes
Rasul Azizi Amin Mohammadi Domieh -
Open Access Article
62 - The effects of a single bout of circuit resistance exercise on metabolic syndrome risk factors: A randomized controlled trial
Javad Mehrabani Arash Tammanadar Mona Mehdizadeh Haghighi -
Open Access Article
63 - Natural marine products are a source of new drugs
Lida Shojaei kavanNatural products from plants, animals, microbes and minerals have long been a traditional source for treating human diseases. Recent advances in analytical, spectroscopic, and high-throughput screening technology have greatly revived the discovery of natural drugs, incl MoreNatural products from plants, animals, microbes and minerals have long been a traditional source for treating human diseases. Recent advances in analytical, spectroscopic, and high-throughput screening technology have greatly revived the discovery of natural drugs, including the contribution of marine products-based drugs. The marine environment is a unique resource that contains enormous biological diversity and may potentially lead to successful treatments. An increasing number of compounds from marine sources are entering clinical trials, and thus, the field's impact on the pharmaceutical industry is increasing. Marine organisms are excellent producers of natural chemicals with diverse structures and pharmacological activities. Most of the new products being produced from the sea are anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious products. Invertebrates and seaweeds are diverse and at the same time rich sources of biologically active substances for the production of new drugs. Despite all the efforts made to isolate new drugs from the sea, due to the obstacles in the way of the mass production of these drugs, including the limitation of the reserves of marine organisms, the cultivation and propagation of these organisms and the isolation of medicinal substances from them, in the realm of experience and The test remains. However, according to the progress of science, marine medicines have a very bright perspective and will lead to the creation and expansion of effective treatment methods in the medical field in the near future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - The Effect of Covid-19 Disease on the Mental Health and Attendance of Urban Planning Students: A Case Study of Students of Islamic Azad University of Mashhad
nadia arbab Toktam Hanaee -
Open Access Article
65 - Identifying the Dimensions and Components of the Health-oriented Urban Form with An Emphasis on the Epidemic Disease: A systematic scoping review
Helia Sareminia Fatemeh Mohammadniay Gharaei sanaz saeidi mofrad Sulmaz Ghahramani -
Open Access Article
66 - The effect of running on a Complex wheel running on beta-amyloid, blood neprilysin, hepatic expression of LRP1 and PPARγ in Alzheimer's model rats.
Nadia Tajevanchi rasoul asadi hashemkandi رقیه پوزش فرزاد زهساز Karim azaliBackground & Aim: Exercise and physical activity can play an effective role in delaying Alzheimer's. Multiple molecular mechanisms are activated by different physical activities that reduce dementia indices. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of run MoreBackground & Aim: Exercise and physical activity can play an effective role in delaying Alzheimer's. Multiple molecular mechanisms are activated by different physical activities that reduce dementia indices. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of running on a Complex wheel running on beta-amyloid, blood neprilysin, and liver expression of LRP1 and PPARγ in Alzheimer's disease model rats. Materials & Methods: 24 rats were randomly selected and divided into three groups: healthy control, Alzheimer's control group, and Alzheimer's + complex spinning wheel training group. The training group performed 12 weeks of training and the control group was kept in a cage for 12 weeks and did not participate in any training. The rats were trained on a Complex wheel running for 12 weeks, and at the end of the 12th week, the rats were diagnosed with Alzheimer's and shuttle box tests were used to ensure the induction of Alzheimer's disease. In this research, in order to investigate liver changes, the mentioned variables were investigated by ELISA method. In order to analyze the data, one-way analysis of variance test was used. Results: The results showed that there is no significant difference between beta-amyloid and liver LRP1 expression of Alzheimer's control group rats and beta-amyloid and liver LRP1 expression of rats in the Complex wheel running training group. However, there is a significant difference between blood neprilysin of PPARγ rats in the control Alzheimer's group and neprilysin blood and PPARγ of rats in the complex wheel training group. Conclusion: Using physical activity can improve blood neprilysin and PPARγ in rats, but the improvement of beta-amyloid and liver LRP1 expression requires more research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Effectiveness Of Spiritual Therapy On Hope And Self-Concept In Women With Multiple Sclerosis Disease
Marzieh Malekiha Arezoo YoosefinikThe purpose of this study was determining the effectiveness of spirituality therapy on hope and self-concept in women with Multiple Sclerosis disease in Isfahan city at 2018. The statistical population in this research were consisted of all women with Multiple Sclerosis MoreThe purpose of this study was determining the effectiveness of spirituality therapy on hope and self-concept in women with Multiple Sclerosis disease in Isfahan city at 2018. The statistical population in this research were consisted of all women with Multiple Sclerosis who referred to Al-Zahra hospital that . 30 subjects were selected with purposeful sampling method from the mentioned population and were randomly divided to an experimental and control group (15 individuals each group). The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test design and control group. The Adult Hope Scale (Snyder, 1991) and Beck Self- Concept Test (1985) were implemented for data gathering. The experimental group received spirituality therapy for eight sessions (each session 90 minutes) and control group were not exposed to any intervention. The data were analyzed with One Way Analysis of Covariance. The results showed that spirituality therapy was effective on hope and self-concept of the women with M.S. diseases (p<0/05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - The Effcacy of Cognitive – Emotional Religious Therapy on Positive Psychological States in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Fatemeh RahnamaThe purpose of the current research was to examine cognitive- emotional religious therapy (RCET) on positive psychological states in chronic kidney disease patients. The research was a semi-experimental with pre-test-post-test and control group. The sample inc MoreThe purpose of the current research was to examine cognitive- emotional religious therapy (RCET) on positive psychological states in chronic kidney disease patients. The research was a semi-experimental with pre-test-post-test and control group. The sample included 40 patients whom were selected via convenience sampling method. The subjects were assigned randomly into two experimental and control groups, 20 individuals each. The experimental group was exposed to 15 cognitive- emotional religious therapy (RCET) sessions 90 minutes each. Control group received none. Positive Psychological States Questionnaire (Nessaie, Rajaei and Khoei Nezhad 1390) was implemented to collect data. Multivariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was applied to analyze data. The results revealed a statically signifcant difference between control and experimental groups concerning the positive psychological states. The research came to the end that the cognitive- emotional religious therapy (RCET) as new approach incremented the spirituality and problem solving in confronting human suffering. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Investigate and analyzing the effects of oil price shocks on industry and mine sector in Iran (Vector auto regression application)
kamran kasraei Majid Sameti Homayoun Ranjbar Sara GhobadiIn recent decades, there are many bold oil price volatilities in markets and most of economists has propose oil price severe variations as the main reason of macroeconomic volatilities in both oil export and import countries, such as Iran. Because of oil rule in Iran&rs MoreIn recent decades, there are many bold oil price volatilities in markets and most of economists has propose oil price severe variations as the main reason of macroeconomic volatilities in both oil export and import countries, such as Iran. Because of oil rule in Iran’s economic, analyzing the effects of oil market shocks on macroeconomic indicators is very important.So, in this paper we use Vector auto regression model to investigate time- variant impulse functionsfor industry and mine value added growth, informal exchange rate, inflation, real consumption expenditures of government, real import growth and real oil revenues growth on oil revenues shocks for 1988- 2015 period. The results show that, there is a linear effectiveness of positive oil revenues shocks on macroeconomic variables.The results show that, there is a linear effectiveness of positive oil revenues shocks on macroeconomic variables.The results show that, there is a linear effectiveness of positive oil revenues shocks on macroeconomic variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Investigating the Effectiveness of Virtual Education at Elementary School During Corona Virus Pandemic
sedighe kargarkhorami Effat AbbasiIntroduction:When educational institutions were closed following the outbreak of corona virus pandemic, virtual education has become doubly important around the world and it has entered the field of formal education in schools and universities, replacing face-to-face te MoreIntroduction:When educational institutions were closed following the outbreak of corona virus pandemic, virtual education has become doubly important around the world and it has entered the field of formal education in schools and universities, replacing face-to-face teaching and education. This created some opportunities and also challenges in the field of education. The purpose of this study was to investigate virtual education in primary schools in Khorrambid city. Research Methodology: The research method was survey and the statistical population was female primary school teachers in Khorrambid city in the academic year 2020-2021, whose number was 137 and among them, 101 people were selected through stratified random sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire on the effectiveness of virtual education in primary schools from the teachers' point of view. After compiling the questions, the questionnaire was given to the supervisor and three professors of primary education major and its face and content validity was confirmed. Also, the internal consistency of the questionnaire was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha, the value of which was 0.87 for the whole questionnaire. Data were analyzed using t-test using SPSS software version 22. Findings:The results indicated that in all dimensions of the questionnaire, teachers' views were towards moderate to high options and virtual education was effective on the doctrinal, moral, scientific, cultural, social, biological, political and economic dimensions of elementary students. According to the obtained results, virtual education can be developed and it can be used effectively in the future as a supplement to face-to-face education. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the perception of disease and psychological capital of patients with type 2 diabetes
Abootaleb Saeidi Sheida Jabalameli Yosof Gorji Amrollah EbrahimiThe aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the perception of disease and psychological capital of patients with type 2 diabetes in Shahrekord in 1398. In this quasi-experimental study, pre-test-post-test design and contro MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the perception of disease and psychological capital of patients with type 2 diabetes in Shahrekord in 1398. In this quasi-experimental study, pre-test-post-test design and control group were used. For this purpose, 30 people with type 2 diabetes who had a file in the Shahrekord Diabetes Association were selected using purposive sampling using the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). Data collection tools included Disease Perception Questionnaire (Bradbent et al., 2006) and Psychological Capital (McGee, 2011) which were completed by the participants. Then the experimental group underwent 8 sessions of 90 minutes of cognitive-behavioral therapy and finally the data using the method Analysis of covariance was analyzed. The results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy improved the perception of the disease in patients with type 2 diabetes (p <5%). The results also showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy increased psychological capital and its components in patients with type 2 diabetes (p <5%). The cognitive-behavioral group intervention with the protocol used in this study was effective in increasing the perception of disease and psychological capital in the population with diabetes and this method can be used along with drug therapies for patients with type 2diabetes. One of the limitations of this study is the limited sample of patients with type 2 diabetes, which can not be a good and sufficient indicator for the community. Therefore, generalizing the results only to the target community is logical and possible, and for other levels we must do so with caution. Data were prepared using self-report questionnaires that may have response biases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Comparison of social and social exchange styles among patients with Gastrointestinal and cardiac cancer and normal group
Majid Saffarinia Mehdi KhaliliComparison of social and social exchange styles among patients withGastrointestinal and cardiac cancer and normal groupAbstractObjective: In the present study, the comparison of the sociological effects of behavior and social exchange style in cancer and heart patients MoreComparison of social and social exchange styles among patients withGastrointestinal and cardiac cancer and normal groupAbstractObjective: In the present study, the comparison of the sociological effects of behavior and social exchange style in cancer and heart patients with normal individuals was compared. Methods: The research community included cancer patients who had visited the offices of oncologists and cardiologists; 90 people were randomly selected and they were randomly divided into 3 groups of 30. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (one-way analysis of variance and follow-up test) were used. Individuals responded to Liebmann's (2011) and Pan-Socialism (2002) social exchange style questionnaires. Results: There was no significant difference between the social exchange style of people with heart disease and cancer and normal people. But there is a significant difference between the socialization of people with heart disease and cancer and that of normal people. Conclusion: By recognizing the characteristics of socialization and its negative effects, and recognizing the desired social exchange style, we can take a step towards the recovery of chronic patients with gastrointestinal cancer and heart patients.Keywords: social exchange style, socialism, gastrointestinal cancer and heart disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - The causal relationship between psychological hardiness and perceived social support with psychological well-being in students with a history of coronavirus and no history of the disease: The mediating role of fear and anxiety of corona disease
Aida Moarrefzadeh Mehdi AghapourThe aim of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between psychological hardiness and perceived social support with psychological well-being and the mediating role of fear and anxiety of corona disease in students with a history of coronavirus and student MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between psychological hardiness and perceived social support with psychological well-being and the mediating role of fear and anxiety of corona disease in students with a history of coronavirus and students without a history of the disease. The research design was descriptive-correlational through structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population of the study included all students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in 2020-2021. From this population, 250 students were selected by convenience sampling method. The instruments used in this study included the Kiamarsi et al.’ Psychological Hardness Scale (1998), Zimet et al.’ Perceived Social Support Scale (1990), Weisi et al.’ Fear of Disease Coronaviruses Scale (2020), Alipour et al.’ Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (2020), and Ryff and Keyes’ Psychological Well-Being Scale (1995). The goodness of fit of the proposed model was examined through structural equation modeling (SEM), using Amos-24 software packages. Indirect effects were also investigated using the bootstrap method. Also, comparison between students with a history of coronavirus and students without was performed by multi-group modeling structural equations in AMOS-24 software. The results showed that psychological hardiness, perceived social support, fear of corona disease, and anxiety of corona disease have a direct effect on psychological well-being (p<0.05). Also, the findings showed that anxiety of corona disease mediated the relationship between psychological hardiness and psychological well-being (p<0.05). Finally, the results showed that the path of anxiety of corona disease to psychological well-being is stronger in students with a history of coronavirus than students without a history of coronavirus (p<0.05). In general, according to the findings of this study, anxiety and fear of diseases such as coronavirus are factors affecting psychological well-being, but positive traits such as psychological toughness and perceived social support are also important factors affecting people's mental health and well-being. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - The Effectiveness of Sexual Abstinence Training Based on Islamic teachings on Sexual Impulsivity, Attitude Toward Contraception and Attitude Towards Sexually Transmitted Diseases among Female Students
Mohammad Soltanizadeh shadi jaziniSexual abstinence training plays an important role in preventing high-risk sexual behaviors. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of sexual abstinence training based on islamic teachings on sexual impulsivity, attitude towards contraception and a MoreSexual abstinence training plays an important role in preventing high-risk sexual behaviors. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of sexual abstinence training based on islamic teachings on sexual impulsivity, attitude towards contraception and attitude towards sexually transmitted diseases among female students. The present study was a quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the study included single female students in Isfahan in the academic year 2018-2019. In this study, 30 single girls were selected with informed and voluntary consent and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The girls in the experimental group received sexual abstinence training for 8 weeks in 8 sessions of 90 minutes as a group. The questionnaires used in this study included the Reid's Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (2011), Attitudes Towards Contraception Questionnaire Mirzaei Alavijeh et al (2011) and Attitude Towards Sexually Transmitted Diseases Questionnaire, Farazmand (2016). The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that sexual abstinence training based on Islamic teachings had a significant effect on sexual impulsivity, attitudes toward contraception and attitudes toward sexually transmitted diseases in female students (P <0.01). In this way, this training has been able to reduce sexual impulsivity and increase awareness and attitudes toward contraception and sexually transmitted diseases. According to the results of the study, sexual abstinence training based on Islamic teachings can be used as an effective intervention method to reduce sexual impulsivity and increase awareness and attitude towards contraception and sexually transmitted diseases in single girls. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - The Prediction of Health Promoting Lifestyle Based on Sense of Coherence, Psychological Flexibility and Impulsivity in Cardiovascular Disease patients with Obesity
Sepideh Raeisi Nasehi Akram Dehghani Fardin Moradi Manesh Seyed Abbas HaghayeghPurpose: The aim of this study was to the Prediction of Health Promoting Lifestyle Based on Sense of Coherence, Psychological Flexibility and Impulsivity in Cardiovascular Disease in patients Obesity. Methodology: The research method was correlation using structural equ MorePurpose: The aim of this study was to the Prediction of Health Promoting Lifestyle Based on Sense of Coherence, Psychological Flexibility and Impulsivity in Cardiovascular Disease in patients Obesity. Methodology: The research method was correlation using structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study consisted of all cardiovascular patients with obesity in Tehran in 2018-19, of which 220 people were selected as a sample by stepwise cluster sampling. The research tools were: Walker et al.'s (1987) health-promoting lifestyle, Kimiyaei, et al. (2013), Bond et al.'s flexibility (2011), and Bart's impulsivity (1995), all of which have acceptable validity and reliability. The analysis obtained by the implementation of the questionnaires was performed through the Spss-V24 software at a significance level of 0.05 and using the step-by-step regression test. Results: The findings showed that a sense of cohesion, psychological flexibility and impulsiveness predicted a significant health-promoting lifestyle in obese cardiovascular patients (P <0.05). Conclusion: Based on the research findings, it is possible to develop appropriate and effective educational programs by identifying the factors affecting the quality of life and mental health of individuals. Keywords: Health Promoting Lifestyle, Sense of Coherence, Psychological Flexibility, Impulsivity, Cardiovascular Disease, patients with Obesity Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - A review of cucumber damping-off disease management in Iran
Laleh NaraghiDamping-off is actually a general term for several diseases with similar symptoms that attack new plant seedlings and are caused by several pathogenic soil fungi, including Pythium, Phytophthora, Fusarium, and Rhizoctonia. In Iran, the damping-off disease of summer crop MoreDamping-off is actually a general term for several diseases with similar symptoms that attack new plant seedlings and are caused by several pathogenic soil fungi, including Pythium, Phytophthora, Fusarium, and Rhizoctonia. In Iran, the damping-off disease of summer crops is known by the local names of dry green, scorching, and water-affected, and is a major disease of cucumbers, melons, watermelons, and pumpkins. This disease has been prevalent in all cultivation areas of these plants, including Khuzestan, Isfahan, Fars, Kerman, Jiroft, Tehran, Varamin, Saveh, Kashan, Lorestan, Qazvin, Hamadan, Khorasan, Bandar Abbas, Azerbaijan, and Mazandaran. Agricultural, chemical, and biological control methods are applied in the management of cucumber damping off. In general, a review of the research showed that the use of chemical and biological pesticides is a very suitable solution to control plant rot, because if it is not controlled in time, it can destroy the entire crop and cause irreparable damage to the greenhouse or farm owner. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Evaluation of efficacy of chemical control on witches' broom rust disease on seedless barberry in South Khorasan province
Mohammad Reza Mirzaee Hadi Mahmoudi Homayoun Kazemi Ali AzariNasrabadWitches' broom rust caused by Puccinia arrhenatheri is one of the most important diseases of common barberry shrubs in South Khorasan province. A two years field experiment carried out to study the control of barberry witches' broom rust using the Falcon (Tebu MoreWitches' broom rust caused by Puccinia arrhenatheri is one of the most important diseases of common barberry shrubs in South Khorasan province. A two years field experiment carried out to study the control of barberry witches' broom rust using the Falcon (Tebuconazole + Spiroxamine + Triadimenol) at concentrations 0.6 and 1 ml L-1, Folicur 1 and 1.5 ml L-1, Amistar Xtra (Azoxystrobin + Cyproconazole) 0.75 and 1.2 ml L-1 and Tilt 0.5 and 1 ml L-1 at two locations of South Khorasan during 2018-2019 at the time of disease symptoms initiation as randomized complete block design. There was significant difference in witches' broom rust severity scores between the different fungicides and rates of application and control treatment. The results of combined analysis of variance showed that one time application of Folicur at concentrations 1 and 1.5 ml L-1 were determined as the most effective in controlling the disease at the time of disease appearance, followed by Folicur 1 ml L-1, 1.5 ml L-1, Falcon 0.6 ml L-1, Amistar Xtra 1.5 ml L-1, Amistar Xtra 0.75 ml L-1, Falcon 1 ml L-1, Tilt 1 and 0.5 ml L-1. The highest and lowest disease severity were obtained in control and folicur (1 ml L-1) treatments, respectively. Application of treatments including Folicur at concentrations 1 and 1.5 ml L-1 and Amistar Xtra at concentrations 0.75 ml L-1 were also significantly effective in decreasing the number of witches' brooms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Identification of resistant genes against blast in genotypes cultivated in north of Iran using molecular markers
Maryam Farifteh Bahar Morid Hamidreza ZamanizadehBlast disease caused by Magnaporthe grisea is a significant threat to rice worldwide, leading to substantial damage and yield losses. The most effective method for controlling this disease is through the use of resistant rice cultivars that carry specific resistance gen MoreBlast disease caused by Magnaporthe grisea is a significant threat to rice worldwide, leading to substantial damage and yield losses. The most effective method for controlling this disease is through the use of resistant rice cultivars that carry specific resistance genes. In this study, three primers (Yca7, Nsb, and JJ718) were used associated with the Pia, Pib, and Pi5 resistance genes, respectively, to identify blast-resistant rice cultivars and lines. At first, DNA was extracted from the leaves of 10-day-old seedlings of the entered rice cultivars and lines using the CTAB method. Subsequently, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and electrophoresis were conducted to amplify and analyze the resulting DNA bands with the respective primers. Our findings indicated that Qaim and Gilane cultivars carry the Pia resistance gene, making them probable candidates for rice blast disease resistance. Similarly, all tested cultivars (excluding Sahel) possess the Pib resistance gene, suggesting their resistance to blast disease. Furthermore, except for Sepidrood and Sahel cultivars, all cultivars tested positive for the Pi5 resistance gene, indicating their ability to resist blast disease. Based on these results, Qaim and Gilane cultivars exhibit resistance to the disease as they carry all three resistance genes, while Sahel cultivar lacks all three resistance genes, making it the most susceptible cultivar in our study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Control of root rot and vine decline disease of muskmelon caused by Monosporascus cannonballus using grafting
Nasrin Ahmadi Abolfazl Sarpelleh Darius shahriariRoot rot and vine decline disease caused by Monosporascus cannonballus is one of the most important diseases of melon crops, especially in hot and arid regions of the world. In this study, at the first step the virulence of eight isolates of M. cannonballus were evaluat MoreRoot rot and vine decline disease caused by Monosporascus cannonballus is one of the most important diseases of melon crops, especially in hot and arid regions of the world. In this study, at the first step the virulence of eight isolates of M. cannonballus were evaluated on the genotype of muskmelon, locally named Zard-e-Garmsar. The most virulent isolate (isolate 583) was then used to inoculate the muskmelon plants that grafted onto cucurbit rootstock. For this purpose, the scion of Zarde-e-Garmsar muskmelon on cucurbit rootstocks including cultivars T-1 and T-113 were tested as well as Ghasri Mashhadi (as a resistant cultivar) in greenhouse conditions. After rootstock and scion sown in pots that infected by isolates583, the grafting was done. Hybrid plants placed in plastic cover to retain moisture for 10 days. Rootstocks weight was applied to measure the disease 45 days after grafting. Grafting Zard-e-Garmsar muskmelon on described rootstocks was successful. There was no significant difference between the treatments of root weight. The cucurbit rootstocks and Ghasri Mashhadi muskmelon showed the most weight in presence or absence of pathogen. This study demonstrated that root rot and vine decline disease on sensitive melon and cantaloupe cultivars can be grafting onto resistant rootstocks or non-host plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Evaluation of the resistance of some tobacco cultivars to fusarium wilt and root-knot nematode under natural field infection conditions
Marzieh Shazdehahmadi Seyed Afshin SajjadiFusarium wilt fungiFusarium oxysporum f.sp. nicotionae and root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita), are the most important soil-borne tobacco pathogens in Iran and over the world. Access to resistance genetic resources and cultivation resistant cultivars to th MoreFusarium wilt fungiFusarium oxysporum f.sp. nicotionae and root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita), are the most important soil-borne tobacco pathogens in Iran and over the world. Access to resistance genetic resources and cultivation resistant cultivars to these pathogens, are the most basic control methods to these pathogens and damage reduction come from epidemic disease, especially in the northern province of Iran. This research was studied in order to evaluate the resistance of 6 tobacco genotypes, including (BCE, HBT8, K17, Burley BB163, and Burley Geel 3) and Burley 21(as sensitive control) in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications during 2014-2015 under natural field infection. Fusarium wilt resistance evaluation based on Moorman et al with scale (0 - 4) evaluated on a weekly basis and resistance to root- knot nematode at the end of season based on number of galls, number of egg masses and the average number of egg per mass with scale 0 - 10 was performed. Evaluation the severity and progress of both diseases in the different cultivars showed that prevalence of these diseases by starting the heat season and air humidity has increased and these two pathogens have the synergistic effect together in the soil of field. The results of this research showed that Burley 21, Burley BB163, Burley Geel3 with sensitivity indexes 8,6,6 were respectively in groups susceptible, moderately susceptible, K17 with sensitivity indexes 4 are moderately resistant and BCE, HBT8 cultivars with sensitivity index 2 were in resistant groups to soil-borne pathogens. According to these results the BCE and HBT8 identified as a resistant cultivars and Burley 21 identified as a most sensitive cultivar under natural field infestation conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Study on the infections status of Fusarium wilt disease of tobacco in Golestan province
Seyed Afshin SajjadiFusarium oxysporum f. sp. nicotianae, the causal agent of tobacco fusarium wilt, is one of the important agents that distributed worldwide and cause yield losses in tobacco growing countries. Control of this pathogen are accomplished through the use of chemical control, MoreFusarium oxysporum f. sp. nicotianae, the causal agent of tobacco fusarium wilt, is one of the important agents that distributed worldwide and cause yield losses in tobacco growing countries. Control of this pathogen are accomplished through the use of chemical control, biological control, use of plant extracts, resistant cultivars and etc. The objective of this study was to evaluation of infections status of this disease in the tobacco fields of Golestan province. 45 tobacco fields in the five different villages of Gorgan region (Valeshabad, Taghartappeh, Jafarabad, Nodehmalek and Ghorogh) and the four different villages of Aliabad region (Baraftan, Pichakmahaleh, Elazman and Fazelabad) were selected in 2016 year. From the beginning of disease symptoms appearance, weekly surveys were done from fields and amount of disease incidence percent was recorded during the infection period. Statistical analysis were done using Stat Graphics Centurion XVI software. The results of this research showed that the based on the highest disease incidence there were no significant differences between regions, but there were significant differences (P<0.001) among fields. One field with disease incidence 48.2% in Valeshabad was highest disease incidence and combined Valeshabad with disease incidence 31.16% had the highest infection and Taghartappeh with disease incidence 18.5% had the lowest infection. Based on areas under disease progress curves, there no significant differences between regions, but there were significant differences (P<0.001) between fields. One field with under disease progress curves 1816.2 in Valeshabad had highest. In combined Valeshabad with 2700 had highest disease progress curves and Taghartappeh with 971.8 disease progress curves had the lowest. The results of this study show that Fusarium wilt disease of tobacco in all regions in Golestan province (Gorgan and Aliabad) with different rate of expansion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Study on distribution of the pathogenic fungal agents of wheat root and crown rot in West Azarbaijan province
Javad Valizadeghan Abbas Ali RavanlouThis study aims to identify factors important pathogenic fungi in the roots, crown and base irrigated wheat in Western Azerbaijan Province in 1393 was carried out. For this purpose, wheat fields in different regions of Urmia, Naghadeh, Mahabad, Miandoab, Piranshahr, Osh MoreThis study aims to identify factors important pathogenic fungi in the roots, crown and base irrigated wheat in Western Azerbaijan Province in 1393 was carried out. For this purpose, wheat fields in different regions of Urmia, Naghadeh, Mahabad, Miandoab, Piranshahr, Oshnavieh, Khoy, Salmas and Qarah Zia od Din visited and from fields with symptoms of growth retardation accompanied by discoloration and decay in root, crown and base samples were taken. Pieces of 1 cm in length from the root, crown, and base were grown on acidic PDA media. Separation and purification steps of fungi were performed on WA, PDA, CMA, SNA, PCA and NM culture media. Pathogenicity test on the wheat seedling of pioneer cultivar using wheat grains and placement of mushroom blocks in the vicinity of plant organs under greenhouse conditions was carried out. Based on morphological characteristics including color and colony growth, Shape and dimensions of conidia, and conidia producing cells identified using valid keys. In this study, samples were taken from 56 farms and 81 fungal isolates belonging to the genus Fusarium, Bipolaris, Rhizoctonia and Pythium were isolated and identified. In this study, species, F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, F. graminearum, F. acuminatum and B. sorokiniana as important factors in irrigated wheat fields to nominate dumped into decay. Most of the distribution range of the genus Fusarium respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - In-vitro evaluation of resistance of some commercial plum genotypes to phytophthora rot disease
Sanaz Magharri Hamid Sadeghi Garmaroodi Seyed Mohammad AshkanPhytophthora root and crown rot is one of the main reasons for stone fruit trees decline that is sometimes called as short life of stonefruits. This study was initiated to establish an accurate and reliable method to inoculate plum genotypes and screening resistant geno MorePhytophthora root and crown rot is one of the main reasons for stone fruit trees decline that is sometimes called as short life of stonefruits. This study was initiated to establish an accurate and reliable method to inoculate plum genotypes and screening resistant genotypes to the disease. Infected plant tissues were collected from Meshkindasht and Kamalshahr Horticultural Research Stations of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute located in Karaj. Using semi-selective media containing Carbendazim, Pimaricine and Rifampicin, 10 ppm each, two isolates of Phytophthora were obtained from apricot and almond. They were identified as P. cactorum according to physiological and morphological characteristics. Resistance of genotypes to Phytophthora was evaluated using ST107 isolate of P. cactorum isolated from apricot. The plant materials including eight promising genotypes of plum and greengage were propagated on MS tissue culture media amended with Carbendazim successfully, and the pathogen was reproduced on sterilized wheat grains, simultaneously. A single infected grain was located on base of each shoot and the necrosis was recorded after 10 days incubation at 24°C in dark. A four parts scale was used to assess the response of the genotypes. All genotypes were infected with P. cactorum isolate with different severities. Genotypes 3547, 3554, 3553, 3542, 3538, 3528 and 3515 showed more than 70 percent of necrosis extension index. Genotype 3512 showed moderately resistant reaction with less than 50 percent of necrosis extension index. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - The role of good urban governance in the Corona and post-Corona eras according to the status of women (Case study: Semnan city)
Mehdi Asghari Zeinab Karke abadi abbas ArghanGood urban governance is a new theory, the implementation of which realizes the field of sustainable development in the society. In the corona situation, with the experience that all kinds of democratic and non-democratic governments showed in managing affairs, apparent MoreGood urban governance is a new theory, the implementation of which realizes the field of sustainable development in the society. In the corona situation, with the experience that all kinds of democratic and non-democratic governments showed in managing affairs, apparently, the most successful way of governance appeared from countries where women were at the top of the government and made decisions for themselves and others. Since women always have multiple roles, even in crises, they have a more effective role in facing and managing it. The city of Semnan has faced issues in the field of urban management and governance during the corona and post-corona period. The purpose of this article is the role of good urban governance in the era of Corona and post-corona, considering the position of women in Semnan. The current research is descriptive-analytical in terms of method and practical in nature. A questionnaire was used to collect the data and information of this research. The statistical population of the current research is the citizens of Semnan with a population of 216,578 people, and the sample size is calculated using Cochran's formula to be equal to 383 people. In order to analyze the data, to test the hypotheses, one-sample t-tests, multivariate linear regression, and Pearson's correlation were used, and to generalize the results from the sample to the statistical population, the structural equation modeling method was used by Lisrel software. The findings have shown that the quality of governance in Semnan and the position of women in the era of Corona and post-corona are in unfavorable conditions in Semnan and they are weak. The results of the sample T-Tech test have shown that the state of the aspects of good urban governance in Semnan city and the position of women in it is not in a good situation. Finally, the results of the investigations show; It is not possible to hope for the realization of good urban governance without the practical definition and explanation of the special position of women as half of the city's citizens and one of the most influential groups in the administration of city affairs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - The predicting of Corona disease anxiety based on spiritual health, the mediating role of family function
Saeideh BazzazianAbstractThe entire world has been influenced by the effects and consequences of Covid-19 Pandemic. Investigating effective factors on its psychological dimension can help reduce the anxiety caused by epidemic. The aim of this study was to predict Corona disease anxiety MoreAbstractThe entire world has been influenced by the effects and consequences of Covid-19 Pandemic. Investigating effective factors on its psychological dimension can help reduce the anxiety caused by epidemic. The aim of this study was to predict Corona disease anxiety based on spiritual health and family function. From all of the employees and students in the Islamic Azad University, West Tehran branch 204 persons were selected randomly in 2020-2021academic year. Subjects completed Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS), Family Assessment Device (FAD), and Spiritual Health Questionnaire (SHQ). Results of stepwise regression analysis revealed that existential health, family function and religious health could explain 29/5% variation of physical symptom of corona disease anxiety (P<0/05). Also, religious health and family function could explain 14% variation of psychological symptom of Corona disease anxiety. Thus, results of the present study in addition to expanding the research literature highlight the role of spiritual health and family performance, and the necessity of paying attention to these factors in management policy and planning to control psychological consequences of the epidemic.Keywords: Corona Disease Anxiety, Spiritual Health, Family Function1. Associate Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - mutation analysis of the NF1 gene in Iranian patients with neurofibromatosis type 1
Nilofar Yavar fahimeh baghbani-arani Sahar Honarmand JahromyNeurofibromatosis is a skin-neurological disease characterized by tumours around the nerves. The NF1 gene has 350kb long and contains 60 exons and encodes a protein called neurofibromin. Due to the large size of the NF1 gene and the diversity of mutations, identifying m MoreNeurofibromatosis is a skin-neurological disease characterized by tumours around the nerves. The NF1 gene has 350kb long and contains 60 exons and encodes a protein called neurofibromin. Due to the large size of the NF1 gene and the diversity of mutations, identifying mutations in this gene is a major challenge. In this study, 10 patients with Type 1 neurofibromatosis were taken and genomic DNA was purified using salting out method. Following the design of the primers, sequencing was performed after amplification of the 15 exon fragments using PCR. Finally, sequenced fragments were compared with reference exons using the Pairwise Sequence Alignment software, and mutations were identified by considering the polymorphism and variants. The results showed that small-scale mutations such as deletion, insertion, replacement in exons of NF1 gene were present, as well as exons 40 (c.5811-5811 delT), exon 35 (c.4537 C>T) and exone 41-42 ( c.6259-6260 insA .( In conclusion, these results help to better understand the molecular mechanisms of the disease, as well as genetics counseling of NF1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Investigation of association between rs11639084 and rs4774388 polymorphisms of RORA gene and Behçet’s disease in Iranian population
Parisa Zaree Shohreh Zare karizi Maryam EidiBehcet's disease is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect many body systems. Various reasons have been known for Behcet's disease, including genetic and environmental factors. However, approximately of Behcet disease have still unknown causes. Gene polymorphisms MoreBehcet's disease is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect many body systems. Various reasons have been known for Behcet's disease, including genetic and environmental factors. However, approximately of Behcet disease have still unknown causes. Gene polymorphisms may effect on the incidence of Behcet disease. present study was aimed to the association of two SNPs in RORA genes in patients with Behcet disease.In this study, 100 people with Behcet disease were selected as patients Also 100 normal people were chosen as controls. Genomic DNA was extracted . The polymorphism of rs11639084 and rs4774388 of RORA gene were studied by using 4ARMS-PCR technique. Differences between allele and genotype frequency in two grouped were calculated by chi square test with p value>0.05. Logistic regression test were used for estimating odd ration and 95% CI by using SPSS ver.16 software.The frequency of three genotypes of CC, CT, and TT polymorphism rs11639084 in the patient group was 67, 30 and 3, respectively, and in the control group, 61, 28 and 11, respectively. The frequency of three genotypes of CC, CT and TT polymorphism rs4774388 in the patient group was 7, 40 and 53 and in the control group 21, 60 and 19. Finally, statistical analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the allele frequency of rs11639084 and rs4774388001 in patient samples and control samples.It was concluded that there is a significant relationship between some polymorphisms in RORA gene and Behcet's disease, which requires further studies in this regard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - A study of the effect of Naringinin derived amyloid and animal curvature and applied with 6-hydroxydopamine dermatosis in Parkinson's disease
BAHAR haghani Maryam khosravi jalal solati ramin hajiMaterials and Methods: In this study, the NMRI adult male mice were anesthetized. To induce the Parkinson's animal model, a 22 gauge cannula was placed into the left Substantia Nigra pars compacta and then 6-hydroxydopamine was infused to Substantia Nigra pars compacta MoreMaterials and Methods: In this study, the NMRI adult male mice were anesthetized. To induce the Parkinson's animal model, a 22 gauge cannula was placed into the left Substantia Nigra pars compacta and then 6-hydroxydopamine was infused to Substantia Nigra pars compacta through a 30-gauge cannula. The group control1 received saline on the left side of the Substantia Nigra pars compacta.Then, to investigate the effect of the Naringenin, group control2 received distilled water and other groups received Naringenin via gavage for two weeks, and apomorphine induced rotation, catalepsy, and behavioral tests were assessed in all groups. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed and the percentage of the neurons on the left side of the Substantia Nigra pars compacta were calculated. In this study, in cell culture model, dopaminergic-like neurons cultured in DMEM medium were counted, and cells were used and incubated to evaluate the effect of naringinin against 6-hydroxy dopamine. Concentrations were 50 for 6-hydroxy dopamine solution and 0.25, 0.1 and 0.01 for NAR solution. Finally, cell viability was assessed using MTT and trypan blue methods.Results: 6-Hydroxy dopamine increased catalepsy and contralateral turns compared to the control group. Naringin reduced catalapsy and contralateral turns, it reduced anxiety and depressive-like behaviours besides that it increased swimming time and locomotor activity compared to the control group. Conclusion: it seems that Naringin is a therapeutic option for neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Diagnosis of Covid-19 using optimized convolutional neural network
mohammad fatehi mehdi taghizadeh mohammad moradi gholamhosein shojaat -
Open Access Article
90 - . Detection of healthy and unhealthy ECG signal using optimized convolutional neural network
mohammad fatehi mehdi khajooee nahid adlband mohammad moradi -
Open Access Article
91 - Optimal Prediction in the Diagnosis of Existing Heart Diseases using Machine Learning: Outlier Data Strategies
Omid Rahmani Seyyed Amir Mahdi Ghoreishi Zadeh Mostafa Setak -
Open Access Article
92 - An Overview of Water-borne Diseases: Risk factors and Prevention practices
Mohammad Safari Ahmad Asl hashemi Mehran Dolatkhah Gholamhossein SafariWater is essential for human life and public health because up to 60% of the adult human body is made up of water. However, much of the world's population does not have access to sufficient and safe drinking water. The most common waterborne diseases are diarrheal MoreWater is essential for human life and public health because up to 60% of the adult human body is made up of water. However, much of the world's population does not have access to sufficient and safe drinking water. The most common waterborne diseases are diarrheal diseases such as cholera, typhoid, paratyphoid, salmonella, giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis. Also, health risks may be caused by chemical and radioactive compounds of water. In fact, some chemicals dissolved in water may be essential substances for food consumption, and some may be harmful in higher than permissible concentrations. These compounds can include various metals, synthetic organic materials and essential elements such as fluoride, iodine and selenium. This is why drinking water quality is a global health concern, especially in developing countries. This review study was conducted with the aim of reviewing the current and past researches in the field of waterborne diseases and most importantly the effective factors in transmitted diseases as well as methods of prevention and finally identifying potential gaps in studies related to waterborne diseases. The review of the literature showed that unsafe water and lack of access to basic sanitation facilities are the main causes of the outbreak of water-borne diseases. Improving drinking water conditions, proper sanitary facilities, especially sanitary disposal of feces, leads to the reduction of water-borne diseases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Duties and Authorities of the Government in the Face of Widespread Disease Outbreaks; A Case Study of Corona Disease.
Mostafa Rajabi Bagherabad Zohreh Nikfarjam tahmures shiriIt is clear that the spread of infectious diseases causes crises and emergencies in many cases, and the government, considering that it has the broadest duties and powers in the face of a pandemic, the violation of which will result in all kinds of responsibilities of t MoreIt is clear that the spread of infectious diseases causes crises and emergencies in many cases, and the government, considering that it has the broadest duties and powers in the face of a pandemic, the violation of which will result in all kinds of responsibilities of the government. Therefore the purpose of this research is to study the duties of the government, especially in the recent covid-19 pandemic, which was done with a descriptive and analytical method. According to international covenants and principles of the constitution, the health of the society should be responsible for the management of the crisis conditions caused by the pandemic, and in case of non-commitment to the duty, it brings all kinds of responsibilities of the government. It can also be defined as preventive measures, treatment measures and pandemic control, as well as support measures, especially for vulnerable groups, including the duties of the government. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - CKD-PML: Toward an Effective Model for Improving Diagnosis of Chronic Kidney Disease
Razieh Asgarnezhad Karrar Ali Mohsin Alhameedawi -
Open Access Article
95 - Marital Satisfaction of Married Women during Coronavirus Epidemic based on Interpersonal Communication Skills and Mind Reading Ability
Shirin Shojaeifar Mahla Zarif Mohtasham Zobair SamimiCoronavirus disease has caused changes in people's lives that may affect their life satisfaction. Also, constructive interpersonal relationships and the mind reading ability are among the factors affecting the couple's life. Due to the fact that the relationship between MoreCoronavirus disease has caused changes in people's lives that may affect their life satisfaction. Also, constructive interpersonal relationships and the mind reading ability are among the factors affecting the couple's life. Due to the fact that the relationship between these variables and marital satisfaction during coronavirus has not been studied, the present study aimed to predict marital satisfaction of married women during coronavirus epidemic based on interpersonal communication skills and mind reading ability. The study was a descriptive correlational one including a statistical population of all married within the age range of 18- 60 years old 18- to 60-year-olds who participated in the study online. The study sample consisted of 368 people who responded online to Short form of ENRICH marital satisfaction questionnaire (1993), interpersonal communication skills questionnaire of Monajemizadeh (2012) and reading the mind in the eyes test of Baron‐Cohen (2001). Multiple step-by-step regression analysis was used in SPSS-22 to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between interpersonal communication skills and mind reading ability with marital satisfaction. The results also showed that interpersonal communication skills and mind reading were able to predict marital satisfaction of married women. According to the results of the present study, interpersonal communication skills and mind reading ability are the factors affecting marital satisfaction of married women during the coronavirus epidemic and should be considered in interventions related to marital satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - The prediction of Marital Satisfaction based on Time Perspective, Inferiority Feelings, Sexual Anxiety in women with uterine diseases
Somaye Samadi Reza IlbeigyThis study aimed To investigate the prediction of Marital Satisfaction based on Time Perspective, Inferiority Feelings, Sexual Anxiety in women with uterine diseases. The descriptive- correlation method was used. The statistical population consisted of all the married f MoreThis study aimed To investigate the prediction of Marital Satisfaction based on Time Perspective, Inferiority Feelings, Sexual Anxiety in women with uterine diseases. The descriptive- correlation method was used. The statistical population consisted of all the married female with uterine diseases in Mashhad in spring of 2022. In this study, according to convenience sampling method, 223 married women with uterine diseases were selected as samples and they were asked to fill in the Time Perspective Inventory of Zimbardo (1999), feeling of inferiority scale of Dixon & strano (1990), Sexual self-concept of Snell (1995) and marital satisfaction scale Enrich of Olson, Fournier & Druckman (1987). The data were analyzed by tests of Pearson correlation and stepwise regression. SPSS-23 software was used for data analysis. Findings showed that there was a negative significant correlation between Inferiority Feelings, Sexual Anxiety and Marital satisfaction also there was positive significant correlation between Past negative and Present fatalistic with Marital satisfaction, in women with uterine diseases. Regression analyses also revealed that %40/4 of variance of Marital Satisfaction was explained by Inferiority Feelings, Sexual Anxiety and Past negative (p< 0.01). Considering the effect of life experiences and physical and mental illnesses on marital satisfaction, it is suggested to pay attention to this important issue in developing couple therapy programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - The effect of family support presence on the recovery of female patients with heart disease
Nayele EzatiThe effect of family support presence on the recovery of women with cardiovascular disease in the intensive care units. Today, comprehensive care covers family and patient care. Based on the theory and principles of accreditation, Meeting as one of the patients' non-th MoreThe effect of family support presence on the recovery of women with cardiovascular disease in the intensive care units. Today, comprehensive care covers family and patient care. Based on the theory and principles of accreditation, Meeting as one of the patients' non-therapeutic needs, is a kind of change from a patient-centered perspective to a patient-centered perspective. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of family support presence on the recovery of women with cardiovascular disease in the intensive care units. Materials and methods: This research is a semi-experimental study. The research population was 140 women with cardiovascular disease in selected hospitals in Tabriz in 1395-96 were selected by objective sampling method and were studied in two groups of control and intervention. Data collection tool was a questionnaire containing two parts of demographic characteristics and a measure of the acute physiology and acute health of Apache Two. Content validation was used to validate the tool and to confirm the reliability of the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data were analyzed in SPSS-22 by using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney and Chi-square tests. The results showed a significant reduction in the severity of the disease in the intervention group compared to the control group. The presence of the patient's family support in the intensive care unit can lead to positive changes in the patient's recovery process. Also, the results showed a significant reduction in the complications of the disease in the intervention group compared to the control group. In the present study, family-centered approach was used to raise the patient's and family's sensitivity to the disease and the treatment process. It is important to use family-centered interventions. Supporting families and individuals in the lives of patients can help a person to better deal with the complications and consequences of the disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Evaluation of Reaction of Some Cultivars and Genotypes of Tomato to Early Blight Disease
R. Hajianfar A. ZarbakhshThe reaction of 21 tomato varieties and genotypes to alternaria blight were evaluated in greenhouse and field conditions. Genotypes and varieties were inoculated with of this pathogen artificially in both experiments. After inoculation, disease characteristics such as d MoreThe reaction of 21 tomato varieties and genotypes to alternaria blight were evaluated in greenhouse and field conditions. Genotypes and varieties were inoculated with of this pathogen artificially in both experiments. After inoculation, disease characteristics such as disease index, area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), percent of dried flower and yield in the field and disease index, percent of infected leaves and surfaces of blight on leaves in greenhouse were recorded. Results of greenhouse experiment showed that varieties and genotypes including Super 2270 King stone, Kallgi and 8403 had the least infection to disease. On the other hand, Imperial variety and 8406 genotype exhibited the highest amount of infection. Varieties in the field experiment, including Super 2270, King stone, Early urbano VF, and 8402 genotype, showed the least infection and genotypes like 8405, 8406, 8407 and Peto early ch variety had the highest amount of infection. In both experiments Super 2270, King stone and Early urbano VF varieties were found resistant to be this pathogen, but 8402 genotype was resistant only in the field and 8403 genotype and Kallgi variety were resistant only under greenhouse condition. Soria variety showed a considerable disease spot in both experiment but could produce the highest means of yield about 91.64 ton/ha. in the field, compared to other varieties and genotypes. Hence it is assumed to be the tolerant variety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Sociological Study of Lifestyle Diseases in Terms of Occurrence, Consequence and Prevention: Study by Integrated Method
Hossein Ghorbanizad Shiran Samad Abedini Samad Rasulzadeh AghdamBackground and Aim: Lifestyle diseases kill 41 million people yearly, equivalent to 71% of all deaths globally; In Iran in 2016, 82% of deaths were due to lifestyle diseases and 43% of them were from cardio-vascular disease. Researches shows that increasing level of fou MoreBackground and Aim: Lifestyle diseases kill 41 million people yearly, equivalent to 71% of all deaths globally; In Iran in 2016, 82% of deaths were due to lifestyle diseases and 43% of them were from cardio-vascular disease. Researches shows that increasing level of four riskfactors of inappropriate nutrition, substance abuse, inactivity and stress in modern lifestyles underlies these diseases Gradually. The research aim was to explain unhealthy of lifestyle in Iran and develop a strategic model to prevention.Methodology: The research method was sequential integrated(Survey-Grounded theory); First, 220 cardiovascular patients were surveyed by questionnaire, and the results were pathologically analyzed in interviews with 14 selected experts; Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed by SPSS-V23 and continuous comparison and theoretical coding in the Strauss-Corbin paradigm. Its validity and reliability were obtained by referring the findings to data and the results to specialists.Results: Quantitative research showed that 0.5% of the subjects were at the healthy level, 92.7%. were at the alert and 6.8% were at the danger condition(P=0.000>0.01). Qualitative research by pathology of Iranian lifestyles showed that 10 weaknesses of society in establishing healthy lifestyles in dimensions of “Research, Education, Upbringing, Propagation, Financing, Facilitation, Prescription, Gathering, Obedience, and Assurance, that eight cases relate to structures, one to families and one to human factors.Conclusion: Healthy lifestyle is a multifactorial phenomenon and its realization requires simultaneous attention to its structural and agential dimensions. The research proposal is to establish a specific organization to measure and monitor the health status of Iranian lifestyles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - The relationship between social factors and the rate of occurring cardiovascular risk factors
Parvin Javadi Robabeh Pour JebeliThe aim of present work is to study the relationship between social factors and the rate of occurring cardiovascular risk factors. Research method was descriptive and survey and it has practical aims. The population included patients referred to Tabriz Shahid Madani Car MoreThe aim of present work is to study the relationship between social factors and the rate of occurring cardiovascular risk factors. Research method was descriptive and survey and it has practical aims. The population included patients referred to Tabriz Shahid Madani Cardiovascular Center who were 13479 individuals. The sampling size of 373 patients was obtained through Cochrane formula. For data gathering, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. To answer the questions, descriptive items of inferential statistics was used and for hypothesis testing, T and F tests, Pearson correlation test and variance analysis were used. The findings show that, the occurrence rate of cardiovascular risk factors among the participants was higher than the average, but social and cultural capital indices were lower than the average point. There is also a meaningful relationship between age, nutrition, education and BMI and cardiovascular risk factors. It was also cleared that there is no relationship between job condition, income, marital status, living place, family size and gender and occurring rate of cardiovascular risk factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Comparison of culture and PCR methods for detection of Mycobacteriumavium subsp. paratuberculosis in raw milk of apparently healthy cattle
یونس AnzabiMycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the etiological agent for Johne’s disease which is known as chronic disease in cattle and may attribute to Crohn’s disease in human. High prevalence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis has been report MoreMycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the etiological agent for Johne’s disease which is known as chronic disease in cattle and may attribute to Crohn’s disease in human. High prevalence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis has been reported in dairy cattle worldwide. Recognition of infected animals is a major factor to control the spread of the organism. In this regard, detection of the bacterium in milk of clinically suspicious and apparently healthy cows is the best way to control the infection. Although isolation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis by culture assay is considered as the gold standard, PCR method helps us to recognize the occurrence of slow-growing microorganisms in a short period of time with high sensitivity. In this survey, a total number of 160 cow milk was sampled and cream layer together with the pellet of each sample was tested by PCR and culture technique. Using Kappa statistics it was revealed an almost perfectagreement between culture and PCR assay with a product size of 400 bp; however, the agreement between culture and PCR with product size of 228 bp was found substantial. Results showed a substantial agreement between PCR with product sizes of 400 bp and 228 bp. Comparing the agreement between the two PCR approaches with culture assay as gold standard test, it was assumed that PCR could be a robust and rapid method to detect Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in milk. Consequently, PCR can be introduced as a screening test for detection of the bacterium in cow milk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - The infection status of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis in traditional dairy cattle farms in Moghan region
منصور Khakpoor مسعود Fardin هیوا Ahmadi آیدا NehzatiMycobacterium avium paratuberculosis is the causative agent of John's disease which is a remedial chronic disease in all ruminants and is important from economical viewpoint. In this study, a total of 86 fecal samples from suspected dairy cattle were obtained from 11 tr MoreMycobacterium avium paratuberculosis is the causative agent of John's disease which is a remedial chronic disease in all ruminants and is important from economical viewpoint. In this study, a total of 86 fecal samples from suspected dairy cattle were obtained from 11 traditional dairy farms in Moghan region. All samples were evaluated by direct microscopic examination. Subsequently, milk sample of the related cattle were tested by PCR technique. Twenty samples from positive and 10 specimens of negative samples in direct microscopic assay were selected randomly for PCR examination. Among the 86 samples, 51 (59%) samples were positive, while, 35 (41%) samples were found as negative by microscopic assay. From 20 positive samples, 19 (95%) samples showed positive result by PCR, however, among negative samples, 3 (30%) samples were positive in PCR assay. Results revealed that there is a direct relation between contamination of fecal and milk samples. Moreover, due to the correlation between the results of microscopic examination of fecal samples and PCR assay of milk specimens, direct microscopic evaluation of feces could be performed prior to PCR-based detection of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis in milk samples. According to the results, high contamination rate of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis was found in milk samples. On the other hand, duo to possible etiological role of this bacterium in the development of Crohn’s diseases in human, it should be considered as a serious concern indeed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Molecular detection of Marek,s virus in backyard fowl with nodular lesions in visceral organs
Majid Gholami-Ahangaran Elham Moghtadaiee Asiye AhmadiMarek,s disease (MD) is one of the major immunosuppressive diseases in the poultry breeding industry, which can cause lymphoproliferative lesions in various visceral organs. Early identification of the disease in laying farms will prevent the cost of treatment and allow MoreMarek,s disease (MD) is one of the major immunosuppressive diseases in the poultry breeding industry, which can cause lymphoproliferative lesions in various visceral organs. Early identification of the disease in laying farms will prevent the cost of treatment and allows prompt decision-making on control measures and bio-security against the disease. In this respect, for detection of Marek,s disease virus (MDV) in nodular lesions of visceral organs of backyard fowls and tissue tropism of MDV, 50 samples were collected from suspected cases of Marek,s disease (MD). The samples were prepared from various tissues with and without gross nodular lesions. After DNA extraction from tissue samples, a 314-bp fragment with specific primers was amplified using PCR test to identify the infected cases and the tissue distribution of the antigen-A gene. In addition, 434 bp fragment of tandem repeat were also amplified by the use of a specific primer for the purpose of differentiation of pathogenic strains from non-pathogens. The results showed that in all cases infected with the MDV, in the tumorigenic stage, the gene that codes for antigen A can be detected in tissues with and without lesions. In addition, all positive samples belong to pathogenic strains. Therefore, in the tumorigenic stage of the MD, in spite of the presence or absence of macroscopic symptoms in the carcass of birds, the antigen-A gene of MDV can be detectd in all tissues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Clinical evaluation of the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Hypericum perforatum on the healing of oral lesions of Foot and mouth disease in cattle
mohammad tolouei amir daneshvar hosein tayefi-nasrabadi omid madadgarFormation of excessive blisters and sores on the mouth of affected cattle with Foot-and-Mouth disease and the insufficiency of existing therapeutic methods, leads to extensive damages to the affected herds. The extract of Hypericum perforatum and its active ingredient, MoreFormation of excessive blisters and sores on the mouth of affected cattle with Foot-and-Mouth disease and the insufficiency of existing therapeutic methods, leads to extensive damages to the affected herds. The extract of Hypericum perforatum and its active ingredient, Hypericin, have inhibitory effects on the adsorption ability of Foot-and-Mouth virus to host cells in vitro. The medicinal plant also has an effective role in healing various kinds of wounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of H. perforatum extract on the healing of FMD oral lesions in affected cattle. In this study, 72 affected cattle (36 heads in 3 treatment groups of 12 and 36 heads in 3 control groups of 12) from 3 conflict centers in West-Azarbaijan province were selected. Determination of serotype by complement fixation method indicated that the studied animals were infected with serotype O of FMD. Dry aerial parts of H. perforatum were extracted with maceration method and 0.25, 0.5 and 5% concentrations of hydroalcoholic extract were prepared. In control groups, normal saline solution and in treatment groups, the extract with the mentioned concentrations was used as an oral spray (twice a day for 4 days). Cattle treated with 5% extract had a significant improvement in oral lesions and lesion repair during the treatment period was significantly different from the control groups (p<0.05). The results showed that spraying 5% concentration of H. perforatum extract had significant healing effects on oral lesions caused by FMD. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Effects of aerobic exercise with simultaneous cerebrolysin drug administration on spatial memory in adult male rat model of Parkinson's disease
Seyed Zanyar Athari Alireza Nourazar Daryoush MohajeriMemory impairment is a complication of Parkinson's disease (PD). Cerebrolysin has neurotrophic effects and stimulates neuronal growth. Exercise also increases brain growth factors and improves spatial memory. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise a MoreMemory impairment is a complication of Parkinson's disease (PD). Cerebrolysin has neurotrophic effects and stimulates neuronal growth. Exercise also increases brain growth factors and improves spatial memory. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise and concomitant use of cerebrolysin on spatial memory in male rats model of PD. 36 male Wistar rats weighing 250±20 were randomly divided into 6 equal groups: surgical sham, PD (6-hydroxydopamine unilateral single injection), positive control (levodopa, 12 mg/kg-po, 21 days), cerebrolysin (538 mg/kg-ip, 21days), treadmill exercise (daily for 30 minutes, 60% VO2 max, 21 days) and cerebrolysin with exercise. The cerberolysin plus exercise group was treated similarly. Finally, a spatial memory test with Morris water maze was performed in the studied groups, and after euthanasia, brain tissue was sampled to study the pathological changes in hippocampus. Data were analyzed by ANOVA test and Tukey post-hoc at the level of p<0.05 by Graphpad software. PD induction reduced spatial memory indices. Cerebrolysine increased spatial memory factors (p<0.05). Aerobic exercise improved spatial memory parameters such as cerebrolysin (p<0.05). Statistically, exercise with cerebrolysine had the best effect on improving spatial memory indices. The pathological results were consistent with the results of spatial memory. This study states that aerobic exercise and cerebrolysin treatment simultaneously improved spatial memory and pathological changes in the hippocampus in PD rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Cloning of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis hsp70 gene into pET-24a plasmid and its expression in Escherichia coli
Rasa Sheini mehrabzade Masoudreza Siefi abad shapori Masoud Ghorbanpoor Darush GharibiJohne's disease (Paratuberculosis) is a disease caused by Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP) which is a chronic and progressive infection that chiefly affects ruminants. The disease can lead to significant economic losses in the livestock industry and may also b MoreJohne's disease (Paratuberculosis) is a disease caused by Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP) which is a chronic and progressive infection that chiefly affects ruminants. The disease can lead to significant economic losses in the livestock industry and may also be a threat for public health; because it may be transmitted to humans through consumption of milk and other contaminated animal products. Immunity and resistance against the Johne's disease is mainly due to cell mediated immune response. Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) of this bacterium is one of its important proteins, which the immune response against it can prevent the fecal excretion of bacteria. In order to facilitate the production of recombinant vaccine against Johne's disease, in this study the recombinant HSP (recombinant HSP; rHSP) was produced and its immunogenicity investigated in rabbits. For this purpose, the hsp70 gene was cloned into pET-24a plasmid and the resulting recombinant plasmid was transferred to E. coli strain BL21. The expression of the above protein was checked by SDS-PAGE and the accuracy of the nucleotide sequence was confirmed by sequencing. Immunization of rabbits by rHSP70 resulted in the production of high levels of antibodies. Based on the findings, it seems that the HSP70 specific antibody can be evaluated in the design of diagnostic methods of the disease and the produced recombinant protein can be assessed for the production of recombinant vaccines. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Evaluation of clinical efficacy of homologous Lumpy Skin Disease vaccine against challenge with Iran's circulating virus
Amir Javadi Samad Lotfollahzadeh Gholamreza Abdollahpour Arash Ghalyanchilangeroudi Sirous Sadeghian ChaleshtoriLumpy skin disease is a viral disease of cattle and buffaloes which causes skin nodules in susceptible animals. Implementation of mass vaccination is the most effective way for LSD control in endemic countries. LSD vaccine that was used in the current study is a domesti MoreLumpy skin disease is a viral disease of cattle and buffaloes which causes skin nodules in susceptible animals. Implementation of mass vaccination is the most effective way for LSD control in endemic countries. LSD vaccine that was used in the current study is a domestically produced vaccine containing live attenuated Neethling strain. In this clinical trial, 11 male calves aged 6 to 9 months with an approximate weight of 150 to 250 kg and without antibodies against LSDV were used. The calves were divided into three groups: the first group consisted of two animals that were injected with ten times the vaccine dose, the second group comprised of four calves that were injected with one dose of vaccine and the third group consisted of five calves that received the vaccine diluent and assigned as control. On the 21st day after vaccination, the calves were challenged with a pathogenic strain of LSD virus through simultaneous intravenous and intradermal inoculation. All 11 calves were examined clinically daily for 14 days after the challenge and all clinical signs were recorded. None of the vaccinated animals (ten times the dose and one dose) showed any clinical signs of LSD including cutaneous nodules and fever within 14 days after challenge, while all the animals in the control group (non-vaccinated) showed clinical signs of LSD including cutaneous nodules. Therefore, the vaccine used in the present study was effective in protecting against wild LSD virus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Evaluation of clinical and intestinal ultrasonographic findings in cows with Johne's disease
mohammad tooloei gholamali moghaddam mohaddeseh fahimi Paratuberclosis or Johne’s disease is an infection of small intestine caused by Mycobacteriom avium paratuberculosis characterized by persistent and progressive diarrhea, weight loss, debilitation, and eventual death in cattle. A suitable and rapid me More Paratuberclosis or Johne’s disease is an infection of small intestine caused by Mycobacteriom avium paratuberculosis characterized by persistent and progressive diarrhea, weight loss, debilitation, and eventual death in cattle. A suitable and rapid method for diagnosis of the disease in farms is not available. Trans-abdominal ultrasound is a rapid, clinical and non-invasive diagnostic method recommended for diagnosis of animals with chronic inflammation of the intestine. The purpose of the present study was clinical and trans-abdominal ultrasound examination of cattle infected with organism of the Johns disease. This study was done on 20 female Holstein cattle with consist chronic diarrhea and/or weight loss. All animals were blindly tested for Mycobacteriom paratuberculosis antibodies in blood samples by ELISA and also examined by trans-abdominal ultrasound for intestinal wall thickness. The result of the ELISA test showed that 35% of the samples had antibodies against Mycobacteriom paratuberculosis. The rates of chronic diarrhea, low body condition score and both of them in cattle with positive ELISA were 100%, 71.4% and 71.4%, respectively. In the trans-abdominal ultrasound examination, the intestinal wall thickness of the infected animals (7.9±1.54 mm), was significantly (p<0.001) more than non- infected group (2.7±0.13 mm). This study indicates that the ultasonographic evaluation of the intestine and abdomen can be a quick, useful and on farm method with relatively high specificity in the diagnosis of cattle with John's disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Study on the effects of essential oil of Thymus vulgaris after administration of the LaSota vaccine on histopathological status of the trachea, humoral immune system and the performance of broilers
saman faramarzi arash khaki Thyme is a herb with effects on the respiratory system. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of thyme essence on trachea, humoral immunity, and the performance of broilers following LaSota vaccination. In this study, 300 Ross 308 broi More Thyme is a herb with effects on the respiratory system. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of thyme essence on trachea, humoral immunity, and the performance of broilers following LaSota vaccination. In this study, 300 Ross 308 broiler chicks were divided into 3 groups of 100 chicken. The first group received 50 ppm thyme essence 2 days prior to and after LaSota vaccination. In the second group only LaSota vaccine was used, and in the third group B1 vaccine was used to compare its severity to the LaSota vaccine. Finally at the end of production period (42 days) samples were taken from trachea for histopathology and also titer of Newcastle vaccine and the performance of chicks were investigated. Results of this study showed that thyme essence decreased histopathologic changes due to vaccination reaction in the trachea. Histopathologic alteration was not observed in B1 vaccination group. In view of feed conversion ratio, feed consumption and final body weight in thyme group there was significant improvement in comparison to LaSota group (p<0.05). But use of thyme essence did not have any effect on titer of LaSota vaccine, although mean antibody titer in B1 vaccine group was significantly lower than the other two groups (p<0.05). Based on the results of our study, thyme essence improved the performance of broiler chicks and decreased hemorrhage, necrosis, and edema of the trachea due to LaSota vaccine reaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Seroprevalence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in goats of Khuzestan province
saeid Bagheri MAHDI POURMAHDI BORUJENI Mohammad rahim Haji Hajikolaei Masoud GhorbanpoorParatuberculosis or Johne's disease is chronic infectious granulomatous enteritis of ruminants, which has a worldwide occurrence. It is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and the most common symptoms of disease in goats are cachexia, anorexia and MoreParatuberculosis or Johne's disease is chronic infectious granulomatous enteritis of ruminants, which has a worldwide occurrence. It is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and the most common symptoms of disease in goats are cachexia, anorexia and severe disability. The aim of this study was to survey seroprevalence of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis in goats of Khuzestan province and its correlation with host and environmental determinants. In this study sera samples were collected randomly from 368 goats in Ahvaz, Hendijan, Izeh, Shushtar, Dezful and Susangerd cities and were tested by ELISA. Apparent and real seroprevalence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis were 7.07% (95% CI: 4.47-9.67 percent) and 13.8% (95% CI: 10.3-17.3 percent), respectively. This study showed that infection increased with age and odds of infection between the age, based on year and disease is 1.08 (95% CI: 0.86-1.35) (p>0.05). Relative frequency of positive samples in females was more than males and the odds of infection in female goats was 1.19 (95% CI: 0.4-3.59) times the males (p>0.05). The odds of infection in goats with history of diarrhea was 4.38 (95% CI: 1.92-9.96) times more than goats without this history (p<0.001). The seroprevalence in Ahvaz, Dezful, Izeh, Shushtar, Hendijan and Susangerd was 8.06% 5%, 4.92%, 13.33%, 2.67% and 5% respectively (p>0.05). This study confirms that Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis exists in goats of Khuzestan province and preventive and control measures should be considered by health authorities. Conflict of interest: None declared. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Efficiency of direct microbial diagnosis, IS900 PCR and microbial culture for detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis in the feces of apparently healthy cattle
یونس Anzabi صمد Farashi Bonab Gh.A Moggaddam, Johne’s disease or paratuberculosis is a chronic granulomatous enteritis in ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). The disease is responsible for significant economic losses in dairy industry worldwide.  More Johne’s disease or paratuberculosis is a chronic granulomatous enteritis in ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). The disease is responsible for significant economic losses in dairy industry worldwide. Microbial culture as a golden standard test for detection of MAP in faecal specimens requires 6-16 weeks to complete, whereas accurate and rapid identification of cattle shedding MAP in their feces is essential for successful control of the disease in herds. In the present study, direct microbial diagnosis by Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast staining, microbial culture on Herrolds’ egg yolk media and two IS900 direct PCR assays were carried out on 100 fecal specimens of apparently healthy cattle collected from dairy herds of Tabriz with a history of Johne’s disease. The number of positive specimens identified by the direct microbial diagnosis, microbial culture and PCR with F90/F91 and FP25/FP26 primes were 7 (7%), 14 (14%), 15(15%) and 25(25%) respectively. These results indicated that PCR detected more positive cases therefore it can be employed for rapid and accurate diagnosis of cattle shedding MAP it their feces and the type of primer used has a significant role in the sensitivity of this test. Direct microbial diagnosis by Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast staining identified 7 (7%) specimens, two IS900 direct PCR assays identified 15 (15%) and 25 (25%) specimens, respectively, and microbial culture identified 7 (7%) specimens as positive. Collectively, these data indicate that PCR detection of MAP was more sensitive than direct microbial diagnosis by Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast staining or faecal culture, especially if appropriate primers were used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Concurrent outbreak of Newcastle disease and Trichomoniasis in pigeons of Tehran
nariman sheykhi saeid Rasoulinezhad alireza barati Newcastle disease is the most important viral disease that affected pigeons. The disease is characterized by sudden onset of anorexia and neurological symptoms in pigeon. Trichomonas gallinae causes trichomoniasis of pigeons in the upper gastrointestinal tr More Newcastle disease is the most important viral disease that affected pigeons. The disease is characterized by sudden onset of anorexia and neurological symptoms in pigeon. Trichomonas gallinae causes trichomoniasis of pigeons in the upper gastrointestinal tract and the respiratory system. The symptoms of this disease include yellowish green fetid discharge from the mouth, diarrhea, emaciation, severe weakness and death. In the first 6 months of 1392, from a total of 32 suspicious cases from Tehran and its surrounding, swab samples of the mouth, pharynx and larynx of birds were prepared. The samples were studied for trichomonas infection. At necropsy, foci of white to cream color in the oral mucosa, pharynx, larynx and pharyngeal and tracheal mucous congestion associated with the presence of fetid fluid in the crop were observed. Also, general congestion of the carcass, urate deposition in the ureters, and the emptiness gastrointestinal tract was observed. For detection of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), samples of the trachea and spleen were collected and RT-PCR experiments were performed on the samples. Trichomonas was observed in the samples under the microscope. All of the 19 samples studied were considered positive to the presence of high virulence strain of the virus. Metronidazole and supportive therapies were used for treatment. Adherence to the principles of biosecurity, treatment or removal of trichomoniasis infected birds, and annual Newcastle disease vaccine are essential for the prevention of concurrent outbreak of these two diseases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Comarison of direct microscopic examination, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), culture and Nested-PCR for diagnosis of herds bulk tank milk infection with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis
آریا Badiei فرهاد Mousakhani عباس Barin امیر Hamidi محسن ZafariCausative agent of Johne’s diseases is Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) and each year, it hurts dairy cattle industry worldwide by depression of production and reproductive indexes and culling of affected animals. This bacteria is known as a z MoreCausative agent of Johne’s diseases is Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) and each year, it hurts dairy cattle industry worldwide by depression of production and reproductive indexes and culling of affected animals. This bacteria is known as a zoonotic pathogen and recent researches explain its probable role in Crohn’s disease in humans. This study compared four laboratory diagnostic tests; including Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA), direct microscopic examination, milk culture and Nested-PCR for diagnosis of herds bulk tank milk infection with MAP bacteria. 100 bulk tank milk samples were obtained from 100 industrial dairy herds of Tehran province. Samples were screened by four tests and 82 samples (82%) detected as positive in culture media, 94 milk samples (94%) were positive by Nested-PCR test and 98 samples were positive in ELISA test results (98%). But direct microscopic examination identified just 33 milk samples as positive. Four positive samples of ELISA test were detected as negative samples by Nested-PCR. These 4 samples in addition to 12 other samples which diagnosed as positive by ELISA, had no growth in culture media (16 samples). These results indicated superiority of Nested-PCR among these four tests for diagnosis of bulk tank milk infection with MAP bacteria. Furthermore, the results represent high prevalence of MAP bacteria in bulk tank milk of dairy herds in Tehran province and it needs more serious eradication efforts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Comparative study of antibody titers obtained from Avinew and La Sota vaccines in broiler chicks with ELISA test
adel feyzi peyman bijanzad kamrouz kaboliAbstract Newcastle disease is an important viral disease and its occurrence and virulence in Iran has increased in recent years. Therefore control of this disease through effective vaccination programs is very important. The objective of this study was to MoreAbstract Newcastle disease is an important viral disease and its occurrence and virulence in Iran has increased in recent years. Therefore control of this disease through effective vaccination programs is very important. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of La Sota and Avinew vaccines in broiler chicks. In this study, 270 day old Ross broiler chicks were divided into 3 groups with 3 replicates in each group and 30 chicks in each replicate. Avinew and lasota vaccines were used in groups 1 and 2 respectively. Group 3 was the covered group and Newcastle vaccine wasn't used in this group. Breeding conditions were the same in the 3 groups and blood samples were collected the 3 groups and blood samples were collectd on days 1,14,24,34 and 44 for determination of antibody titers obtained from Newcastle vaccines using the ELISA serologic test. The results indicated that in the vaccinated groups, antibody titers increased significantly (v<0.05) after day 14 in comparison to the control group. In the control group, the antibody titer belonging to maternal immunity decreased significantly (p<0.05) after day 14 and the chicks became susceptible to Newcastle disease. Antibody titers obtained from the two vaccines significantly different (p<0.05) but due to less adverse reactions following vaccination, the Avinew vaccine is preferred over the lasota vaccine. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Identifying Factors Affecting Teleworking Productivity During COVID-19 Pandemic Using Fuzzy Techniques
Alireza Amini Reihaneh Dorri giv Maryam Ahmadi ZahraniRecognizing and managing the factors affecting employees’ productivity are important issues. However, the importance of these factors has not been much studied by management researchers. On the other hand, today, teleworking as one of the factors affecting the glo MoreRecognizing and managing the factors affecting employees’ productivity are important issues. However, the importance of these factors has not been much studied by management researchers. On the other hand, today, teleworking as one of the factors affecting the global economy is a topic that has been considered by scholars and its importance during the spread of COVID-19 has become much debatable. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting teleworking during COVID-19 pandemic. The present study consists of two parts: qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative section, with a systematic review of the related studies, the dimensions and indicators of the employees’ productivity have been extracted in the form of a model with 7 dimensions and 21 indicators, including: physiological and psychological factors, social factors, organizational factors, technological factors and situational factors related to the work environment. Thus, using the content analysis method, a model with 7 dimensions and 21 indicators was extracted and approved by a panel of academic experts. In the quantitative part, 35 experts of Tadbirgaran Brokerage Company, using an expertly designed questionnaire, determined the weight of the factors and the relationships between them using the fuzzy best-worst method and fuzzy DEMATEL techniques The results revealed that, among the main factors, the phsilogical factors are the most important and the technological factors are the least important factors. Additionally, it was found that, among the sub-indicators, the effect of physical condition and the gender of the employees are the most important and the quality of work is the least important indicators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - The Effect of the Coronavirus Disease Pandemic on Efficiency with the Mediating Role of Marketing Capabilities and Strategic Orientation: A Case Study of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses of Tehran Province
Dariush Tahmasebi Hashem AghazadeToday, with the rapid spread of the Corona pandemic, problems have arisen for businesses, especially small and medium-sized businesses. On the other hand, marketing capabilities are considered essential in determining the heterogeneous evaluation of product quality for MoreToday, with the rapid spread of the Corona pandemic, problems have arisen for businesses, especially small and medium-sized businesses. On the other hand, marketing capabilities are considered essential in determining the heterogeneous evaluation of product quality for customers, which helps the strategic direction of small and medium-sized businesses in the critical conditions of the Corona pandemic. Hence, the purpose of the current research was to explain the effect of the Corona pandemic on efficiency considering the mediating role of marketing capabilities and strategic orientation. The direction of the research was applied and descriptive in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the research included 2200 managers and senior employees of small and medium-sized businesses in Tehran province, from among whom, a sample of 335 people was recruited using a stratified sampling procedure. A survey method was used for the data collection and PLS method was used for the data analysis. Based on the results, the effect of the Corona disease pandemic on efficiency, marketing capabilities and strategic orientation and the role of strategic orientation on efficiency were confirmed. Moreover, the indirect role of mediating variables of marketing capabilities and strategic orientation in the relationship between the Corona disease pandemic and efficiency was confirmed. However, the effect of marketing capabilities on performance was rejected. This research advises senior managers of small and medium-sized businesses to pay extra attention to strategic orientation and marketing capabilities in order to reduce threats and increase the possibility of survival and take advantage of future opportunities in the post-corona era. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - A review of the effects of exercise on improving memory, learning and reducing the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease
Omidreza Salehi Mahboobeh Yousefian Masoud Kiani Zahra MosalanejadAbestractIntroduction: Alzheimer's disease is the most common age-related disease. ) is. Neurotrophic factors are widely expressed in the brain, but are significantly reduced in the brains of Alzheimer's patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate exercis MoreAbestractIntroduction: Alzheimer's disease is the most common age-related disease. ) is. Neurotrophic factors are widely expressed in the brain, but are significantly reduced in the brains of Alzheimer's patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate exercise in the function of neurotrophins, psychological disorders and reduction of risk factors for Alzheimer's disease.Methods: For this purpose, in all databases, especially Web of Science, Pubmed, Google scholar, SID.IR, Mageiran, with the keywords Exercise training, Memory, Alzhimer risk factors, etc., a search was performed without year limit. The articles were then categorized based on exercise activity on memory and learning as well as risk factors for Alzheimer's disease.Results: Among the studies, studies on the effect of exercise on risk factors, neurotrophins, memory and learning were reviewed. Their results showed that exercise depending on the type and intensity with the improvement of neurotrophins, increasing the total antioxidant capacity leads to improved cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease.Conclusion: It seems that long-term and regular exercise has a beneficial effect on neurotrophin mechanisms, improving antioxidant capacity, memory and learning in Alzheimer's disease; However, these effects depend on the intensity and length of the training period, and the mechanism of exercise on oxidative stress in brain tissue is not yet well understood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - The Evaluation of Professions in Coastal Cities from the Aspect of Observance Covid-19 Disease Sanitary Protocols by WASPAS Method (Case Study: City of Port Mahshahr)
Majedeh Ebadi Abbas Maroofnezhad Mohsen Aghaei JooboniIn general, the market is one of the old civil institutions and the cornerstone of people's economic lives. The Covid-19 pandemic, which first was found in Wuhan, China in 2019, has negatively affected professions. So businesses have tried to prevent the pandemic or dec MoreIn general, the market is one of the old civil institutions and the cornerstone of people's economic lives. The Covid-19 pandemic, which first was found in Wuhan, China in 2019, has negatively affected professions. So businesses have tried to prevent the pandemic or decrease its destructive consequences by observing Sanitary protocols. In this regard, the present research sets out to assess the desirability evaluation of professions in coastal cities from the aspect of observance Covid-19 disease sanitary protocols by 25 indicators among 18 professions in city of port Mahshahr. This research is an applied study and an assessment-survey method by emphasis on the questionnaire was used. A sample 362 of professions was recruited and the sample size was calculated based on Cochran's formula. Kolmogrov-Smirnov test as well as one-sample t-test were used to examine normality of data distribution and research variables, respectively. Moreover, Shanon Entropy as well as WASPAS methods were applied for weighting variables and grading professions, respectively. The results of one-sample t-test illustrated that observing health protocols among professions (1.009) as well as constant supervision of the guild inspectors (4.43) were in the medium level. The results of grading research variables among professions using the WASPAS method suggested that grocery stores (0.625) as well as tyre and battery-sellers (0.82) received the highest and lowest grades, respectively. While, dressmakers and hairdressers (0.425) as well as catering businesses (0.131) got the second and third grades, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Description of the symptoms and the evaluation of the co-occurrence of different severity of charcoal disease in Quercus castaneifolia
jalil karami mohammadreza kavoosi manoochehr babanezhadThis research has been performed in order to description of the symptoms and the evaluation of the co-occurrence in different severity of charcoal oak diseases of Q. castaneifolia in the Qoroq forest park. signs and symptoms of charcoal diseases include number, height, MoreThis research has been performed in order to description of the symptoms and the evaluation of the co-occurrence in different severity of charcoal oak diseases of Q. castaneifolia in the Qoroq forest park. signs and symptoms of charcoal diseases include number, height, area and depth of canker in 385 tree with an average diameter of 52/5 cm and a diameter range of 15 to 140 cm at seven transects were recorded over a period of six months. Based on the damage severity of disease, trees in the five classes: Healthy and no evidence of disease (1), bleeding only in the very small surface (2), bleeding, developed canker plus beetles (3), bleeding and decay of tissue developed and deep cankers with beetle activity (4), and dead trees(5), Grouped. The analysis of variance demonstrated that mean of height, depth and area of canker in the trees disease was different and also a significant correlation was detected between depth and area of canker with severity of charcoal disease. Results of evaluation of the co-occurrence severities of different disease using paired quadrat covariance showed that trees and dead trees are positively correlated, such that the difference in disease severity between the trees was greater, the co-occurrence was less likely. These results, the pattern of the distribution and development of charcoal disease offers that in the management and reforestation infected forests is applications Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Comparative investigation of the effects of antifungal activities of some essential oils on Alternaria alternata fungus as a causal agent of tomato early blight disease
hassan mahdavikia Abdollah AhmadpourTomato early blight disease, caused by the fungus Alternaria alternata, is one of the most devastating diseases for the crop in Iran and worldwide. Recent studies have shown that some secondary metabolites of medicinal plants are effective in preventing the growth of fu MoreTomato early blight disease, caused by the fungus Alternaria alternata, is one of the most devastating diseases for the crop in Iran and worldwide. Recent studies have shown that some secondary metabolites of medicinal plants are effective in preventing the growth of fungi and are a good alternative to the use of chemical pesticides. In the present study, ten medicinal plants including Eucalyptus sp., Thymus vulgaris, Mentha piperita, Mentha longifolia, Mentha aquatica, Satureja hortensis, Achillea millefolium, Foeniculum vulgare, Anethum graveolens, and Trachyspermum copticum were collected during 2016-2017. Their essential oils were extracted using Clevenger apparatus, and GC-MS device was used to identify the essential oil compounds. Antifungal activity of essential oils was assayed through the inhibition of fungal colony growth at five concentrations of 0, 200, 400, 800, and 1200 ppm in mixing with potato dextrose agar medium with three replicates. The findings revealed that fungus colony growth was inhibited with increases in essential oils concentrations, and there were significant differences among different essential oils. Essential oils of Satureja hortensis, Trachyspermum copticum and Thymus vulgaris in 800 and 1200 ppm and Anethum graveolens in 1200 ppm demonstrated the highest effect on fungus colony growth. This study found that Carvacrol, Thymol, Para-cymene, and Gamma-terpinene ingredients tend to have the highest antifungal effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Phytochemical evaluation and antioxidant and inhibitory effects of Citrullus colocynthis L. extract on the production of amyloid nano–biofibrils from bovine serum albumin as a model protein
Hourieh Mansouri amir arasteh Ramazan Ali Khavari-NejadColocynth with the scientific name of Citrullus colocynthis L. is one of the plants that it's anti–oxidant and anti–diabetic effects has been shown in previous research. In this study, in addition to the phytochemical study of hydro–alcoholic extract o MoreColocynth with the scientific name of Citrullus colocynthis L. is one of the plants that it's anti–oxidant and anti–diabetic effects has been shown in previous research. In this study, in addition to the phytochemical study of hydro–alcoholic extract of Colocynth, its anti–oxidant and inhibitory effects on the production of amyloid nanobiofibrils from bovine serum albumin as a model protein have been investigated. The fruit of the plant was collected from the desert areas around Qom in the fall of 2017, dried and then extracted by maaceration method. Analysis of secondary compounds of the extract was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the amount of its most important compounds including citrulline and citronellol was obtained by HPLC. The antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated using DPPH method and then the amyloid fibrils were prepared in the test tube at high temperature and low pH and electron microscope imaging was used to confirm the presence of the fibrils. Congored spectroscopy was used to investigate the inhibitory effects on the production of amyloid fibrils. The results showed that methyl beta-galactopyranoside and beta-diglucopyranoside with 29.51% and 6.31% respectively, were the most abundant chemical compounds and tetradcanoic acid with 16.31% and then octa and hexadecanoic acid with respectively 14.11% and 10.94% were the most compounds found in the extract. The levels of citrulline and citronellol in the extract were 0.0041 and 0.013 mg, respectively. The highest anti–oxidant activity was in the concentration of 10 mg/ml of the extract with 71.5% and the highest inhibition of production of amyloid fibers in the concentration of 1 mg/ml and 99% were seen. Colocynth extract with the presence of potent anti–oxidant compounds and its inhibitory effects on the production of amyloid fibrils, will be very useful in preventing and reducing the incidence of Alzheimer's disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Explaining the Resilience of Cities Against Infectious Diseases (Covid-19) (The Case Study of Zanjan)
mohamad taghi heydari mohammad rasoli sharareh saidpourThe growing trend of urbanization in the years after the Industrial Revolution reduced the capacity of cities to meet the needs of citizens and their capabilities. In this regard, the occurrence of unexpected events such as the Corona outbreak has raised the need to mea MoreThe growing trend of urbanization in the years after the Industrial Revolution reduced the capacity of cities to meet the needs of citizens and their capabilities. In this regard, the occurrence of unexpected events such as the Corona outbreak has raised the need to measure the flexibility of cities to establish a proportion between the container and the urban content. Although the outbreak of Corona is an unexpected event, in recent years cities have been warned through SARS that human society in general and cities, in particular, should adopt policies against events such as high-prevalence infectious diseases, but so far the issue of infectious diseases in cities has not been addressed, so when cities face such incidents, more confusion and disability are displayed. The present study aims to identify cities against infectious diseases, identify all the effects that infectious diseases can have on cities, and finally provide the best coping strategies. For this purpose, the documentary-field method has been used to collect information and for analysis and evaluation, FEMA and FAAO techniques have been used and GIS has been used for graphical representation. The results of the research have shown that; closure of small businesses, the inability of the poor to provide for their livelihoods, loss of socio-spatial justice in the distribution and use of services, adverse psychological effects on citizens at risk of disease, and reverse effects of public transportation on disease, scarcity, and hoarding of food-therapy, closure and suspension of educational activities, the disorder of urban management institutions to deal with the Covid-19, reverse effect of congestion growth against the infectious disease, have been the most important effects of infectious disease on cities, in this regard, actions to control and resilience of the city before and after failure have been presented. The obtained results have been proved to be successful. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Prevalence of infectious diseases in Bushehr port during the constitutional period
zahra morovati AliAkbar khedrizadehThe people of the port of Bushehr suffered from a wide range of infectious diseases during the turbulent days of the constitution. The prevalence of these diseases was one of the social realities of the Qajar era. In contrast to the existing traditional infrastructure, MoreThe people of the port of Bushehr suffered from a wide range of infectious diseases during the turbulent days of the constitution. The prevalence of these diseases was one of the social realities of the Qajar era. In contrast to the existing traditional infrastructure, little effective treatment had little effect on reducing mortality. This article shows the prevalence of these diseases in Bushehr port based on the contents of press, archival documents and historical sources using the method of historical research based on description and analysis. The present study aims to investigate the types of infectious diseases and the factors affecting its prevalence in Bushehr. This study seeks to answer the question that the prevalence of various infectious diseases in Bandar Bushehr has been influenced by what factors? Numerous factors such as lack of attention of port people to personal and social health, lack of safe drinking water, improper burial of patients and improper performance of government officials in the face of diseases, are important factors in the prevalence of infectious diseases in this it is closed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - The Role of Government under Pandemic Disease Conditions
Ali Keshavarzi Hamid Reza Horry seied abdolmajid jalaee sfand abadi Meysam Rafei mahdi nejatiThe purpose of this article is to understand the effect of the outbreak of infectious diseases on the economy and also to analysis the role of government under pandemic crisis conditions. For this purpose, a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model is used. After ca MoreThe purpose of this article is to understand the effect of the outbreak of infectious diseases on the economy and also to analysis the role of government under pandemic crisis conditions. For this purpose, a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model is used. After calibrating the parameters based on the quarterly information of Iran's economy during the period of 1991-2016, in the baseline scenario, it is assumed that the government has no involvement in the economy; In other words, the government pursues a state of fiscal passivity and shows no fiscal reaction to the change in endogenous variables after the outbreak of pandemic disease. Subsequently, in other scenarios, the government reacts fiscally to the outbreak of the pandemic, given the different conditions of production and public liability. The results of the study of fiscally active scenarios compared to the state of fiscal passivity indicate that the effect of government expenditures shock as a standard deviation on macroeconomic variables under pandemic disease conditions, has led to much less feedback. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Determining an Optimal Tax on Housing Capital Compared with Non-housing Capital: Case Study of Iran
R. Shahnazi sh. Nasirabadi Abstract In oil exporting countries, the formation of Dutch disease is one of the major problems in economy. Dutch disease causes the outcome of non-tradable sectors (land and housing) to be increased compared with the tradable sector (industry and agriculture) More Abstract In oil exporting countries, the formation of Dutch disease is one of the major problems in economy. Dutch disease causes the outcome of non-tradable sectors (land and housing) to be increased compared with the tradable sector (industry and agriculture) and economic capitals transferred to less productive sectors. When facing with this problem, the solution is to reduce the profit of non- tradable sectors by the help of tax. In this paper, by using neoclassical growth model, determining an optimal tax on housing capital compared with non-housing capital will be studied. According to the results, optimal tax on capital depends on elasticity of substitution between consumption non-housing, housing and leisure times. Since Dutch disease causes the elasticity of substitution between housing capital and leisure time to be decreased, housing capital optimal tax should be more than the tax on non-housing capital. Based on the results obtained by simulating the model in Iran, the tax on businesses and labor will be decreased by the tax on housing profits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Supplementation of jujube fruit and exercise training; A systematic review
marziyeh eslamiThe jujube medicinal plant with the scientific name Ziziphus jujuba Mill belongs to the Rhamnaceae family and is one of the native plants of the Iranian plateau. The most important species of the genus Zizyphus in Iran include jujube (Zizyphus jujube Mill.), jujube (Z. MoreThe jujube medicinal plant with the scientific name Ziziphus jujuba Mill belongs to the Rhamnaceae family and is one of the native plants of the Iranian plateau. The most important species of the genus Zizyphus in Iran include jujube (Zizyphus jujube Mill.), jujube (Z. spina-christii L.), jujube (Z. lotus (L) Wild.), jujube (Z. mauritiana Lam.) and Ramlik (Z. nummularia Burm.f.). Several therapeutic properties of jujube alone or together with exercise training have been proven, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial and anti-microbial, anti-diarrheal, anti-epileptic, anti-diabetic properties. anti-hyperglycemic and blood sugar reducing), blood fat reducing (anti-hyperlipidemia), anti-fatigue effect, immune system regulation, antioxidant properties, hematopoietic and blood purifying, relaxing and reducing anxiety, lowering blood pressure, improvement of neuropathological diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and cognitive disorders, liver problems; obesity; kidney and urinary problems; preventing the occurrence of cardiovascular problems, repairing damaged tissues and strengthening muscles, suppressing hunger and appetite well documented. On the other hand, consuming too much jujube causes the formation of vitamin K in the blood and thickens the blood. In general, according to scientific research and the existence of effective chemical compounds in the treatment and prevention of diseases, the supplement of jujube as a medicinal plant along with exercise training for the health of the brain, heart and blood vessels, liver, muscle pain relief and also treatment of various types diseases seem effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - The effecte of eight weeks of resistance training with royal jelly on the pathaphysiological changes in the hippocampal tissue of Alzheimer's rats
Leila Mokhtari Tahereh Bagherpour Nematollah NematiAbstract Introduction: Oxidative stress plays role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD).exercise and antioxidants on neuronal health have effect . the effect of eight weeks of resistance training (RT) along with royal jelly (RJ) on Malondialdehyde (MDA) MoreAbstract Introduction: Oxidative stress plays role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD).exercise and antioxidants on neuronal health have effect . the effect of eight weeks of resistance training (RT) along with royal jelly (RJ) on Malondialdehyde (MDA), Protein Carbonylate (PC) and the pathological changes in the hippocampal tissue of Alzheimer's rats treated with trimethyltin (TMT)has been determined. Methods: In this experimental study, 42 male Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 8 mg/kg TMT were divided into TMT, Sham, RJ100, RJ200, RT, RT+RJ100 and RT+RJ200 groups. Supplemental groups received RJ with doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg/day as peritoneal injection, and the increasing RT protocol was performed for 8 weeks, 3 sessions a week with an intensity of 30 to 100% of the weight. Results: MDA, PC in TMT group were significantly higher than HC group. But MDA and PC in RT+RJ200 group were lower than TMT group (P≤0.05). Also, PC in RT group was significantly lower than TMT. MDA in RJ200 group were lower than TMT; PC values in RJ100 group was significantly lower than TMT (P≤0.05). The reducing effect of PC in RJ100 group was more favorable than RJ200 (P≤0.05). Also, the effect of reducing MDA in the RT+RJ200 group was more favorable than the RT+RJ100 group (P≤0.05). Conclusion:the resistance training and royal jelly have favorable effects on reducing oxidative stress. the simultaneous effect of these two interventions, especially with a higher dose, has a more favorable effect on reducing oxidative stress in the hippocampus tissue in AD modeling conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Explaining the social resilience of the touristic villages of Rasht county against Covid-19
shiva ganjian Nasrollah MolaeiHashjin Atoosa BigdeliThe present study was conducted with the aim of explaining the social resilience of the touristic villages of Rasht County against Covid-19. The current research is applied according to its purpose and descriptive-analytical according to its method and nature. To collec MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of explaining the social resilience of the touristic villages of Rasht County against Covid-19. The current research is applied according to its purpose and descriptive-analytical according to its method and nature. To collect information from documentary-library and field methods and direct observation methods and from tools such as; Questionnaires and interviews have been used. In order to analyze the data and information, SPSS software, GIS and Mamdani and Dimtel fuzzy models were used. Based on the data analysis, the social resilience of touristic villages against the Covid-19 disease was lower than average, so that the indicators (sense of belonging to the place and participation) with a positive EI value were determined as effective indicators. And the indicators (awareness and public and institutional trust) were determined as indicators with a negative EI value as influential indicators, and among the influential indicators, respectively: participation and sense of belonging to the place the most and They have assigned the least amount of influence on the longevity of people in the tourism sector. Further, the results showed that the central and Khokhbijar Districts of their social resilience against Corona are somewhat low, Khammam their resilience against Corona is low, LeshtNasha, KochSefahan and Sangar their resilience against Corona is very low. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Microbial Secondary Metabolites to Control Disease: A Mini-Review
Bahareh Nowruzi Negin Khoshnood Sara Sory Sogol Gharooni Fard Mohammad Reza Rezaei Fatemehsadat Ayoub Nejad Neda Farhoudi FardInfectious diseases caused by bacteria are a major global public health threat, and due to their high impact on public health, they are a high priority in national health programs in different countries. Bacterial drug resistance has grown over the past decades, but the MoreInfectious diseases caused by bacteria are a major global public health threat, and due to their high impact on public health, they are a high priority in national health programs in different countries. Bacterial drug resistance has grown over the past decades, but the rate of discovery of new antibiotics has steadily decreased. Therefore, the search for new effective antibacterial agents has become a priority and has led to the development of alternative therapies and new technologies for the production of microbial products due to technical and economic advantages. The efforts of gene editing and next-generation sequencing have created an unprecedented genomic potential for the production of secondary metabolites by diverse microorganisms in the environment and microbiota. Secondary metabolites, which produce organic products with low molecular mass, play important roles in cell growth, signal transduction, nutrient search, communication, and intra- and interspecies competition. Therefore, researchers have paid increasing attention to the potential replacement of secondary metabolites instead of traditional antibiotics. As bacteria become resistant to first-generation antibiotics, treatment must be changed to second or third-generation drugs. Indeed, the world is faced with the need to discover new potent small molecules with significant anticancer potential and favorable toxicity profiles, but many anticancer drugs in clinical practice today have side effects. In this chapter of the present book, the aim is to review the prospects, costs, benefits, side effects, and detailed information about the types of microbial secondary metabolites for the control of infectious diseases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - The study of Iranian food contact plastic wrap contamination with bacteria causing food-borne disease
Hajieh Ghasemian Safaei Nasrin Mirzaei Ahmand Reza Bahrami Bayan Saeidi Ebrahim RahimiThe use of plastic wrap for foodstuff is very common in the world. Plastic wrap is impermeable to air, oils, greases, and more importantly, bacteria which makes it useful for food packaging. Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus are of important pathogens and the mo MoreThe use of plastic wrap for foodstuff is very common in the world. Plastic wrap is impermeable to air, oils, greases, and more importantly, bacteria which makes it useful for food packaging. Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus are of important pathogens and the most common cause of food-borne disease.Ten Iranian plastic wraps with different brands were chosen and identification was done by biochemical test and serial dilution methods. After microorganism identification, selective and differential medium cultures were used to confirm bacteria. Among ten Iranian plastic wrap; seven samples were devoid of any contamination, while two samples had Bacillus cereus contamination and one plastic wrap sample had Staphylococcus aureus contamination. According to the result of serial dilution, 1.6X104 CFU and 2.1X102 CFU Bacillus cereus and 1.7X101 CFU Staphylococcus aureus was counted. Acceptable microbial limits for Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus per gram of plastic wrap need to be established by international organizations for standardization. Besides, the presence of Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus on plastic wrap surface and related disease in food contact plastic wrap needs to have a continuous investigation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Fish-borne parasites: A review on the reports from Iran
Hossein Momeni Mehdi Raissy Masoumeh Bashiri Maryam Barzegar Mahsa AnsariA high number of parasites can infect fish, and some can be transmitted to humans. Human or fish-eating mammals can be the main host of these parasites. Today, more than 40 species of fish-borne parasites have been identified, causing disease in humans. These parasites MoreA high number of parasites can infect fish, and some can be transmitted to humans. Human or fish-eating mammals can be the main host of these parasites. Today, more than 40 species of fish-borne parasites have been identified, causing disease in humans. These parasites can be classified as protozoa, trematode, Cestoda, Nematoda and Acanthocephala. Infection in humans usually occurs following the consumption of larvae-infected meat. The possibility and the rate of infection directly relate to different criteria, including the fish consumption rate, level of hygiene, feeding habits, and methods of cooking or processing. In this article, having discussed the fish-borne parasites, the reports of zoonotic parasites from fish in Iran have been discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - مطالعه آزمایشگاهی بر روی فعالیت ضد داسی شدن سلولی در Terminalia arjuna و Terminalia bellirica
آناند دیلید فیرودییا آبین مانی ویجای تاوانیBackground & Aim:Combretaceae family is known for efficacy in the management of sickle cell disorder (SCD). Based on the earlier reports of anti-sickling property of Terminalia genus the study investigates in vitro antisickling properties of Terminalia MoreBackground & Aim:Combretaceae family is known for efficacy in the management of sickle cell disorder (SCD). Based on the earlier reports of anti-sickling property of Terminalia genus the study investigates in vitro antisickling properties of Terminalia arjuna and Terminalia bellirica. Experimental: Anti-sickling assay of methanolic and aqueous extract of T. arjuna and T. bellirica on sickled RBCs were evaluated at different concentrations. The osmotic fragility test was done to explore the effect of extracts on haemoglobin S solubility and sickle cell membrane stability. Additionally antioxidant activity and phytochemical analysis of extracts was evaluated. Results: Treatment with the plant extracts at different concentrations showed decrease in percentage of sickled cells. Extract of T. arjuna had a significantly higher (p < 0.05) antisickling activity at the tested concentrations of 10 mg/ml. The methanolic extract at 10 mg/ml showed the best cell membrane stability as compared to T. bellirica extract. It was observed that, T. bellirica extract was deficient of alkaloid and tannins. Moreover, all extracts/fractions showed antioxidant activity, although lesser as compared to the standard. Recommended applications/industries: It was observed that the leaf extracts of T. arjuna has a significant antisickling effect, hence it can be potentially used in clinical management of SCD. The bioactive compounds can be used to supplement as well as management drug for sickle cell disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - اثرات دارچین بر سندرم تخمدان پلی کیستیک
مهرداد استادپور مجید غلامی آهنگران سیدحسین حیدریBackground & Aim: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a major endocrine disorder in young age women affecting their health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and their mental well-being as well. In this review, the authors discuss the effect of cinnamon as an herbal me MoreBackground & Aim: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a major endocrine disorder in young age women affecting their health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and their mental well-being as well. In this review, the authors discuss the effect of cinnamon as an herbal medicine on PCOS in humans and introduce the advantages and efficacy of these herbs on the control of this problem.Experimental: In this review, the authors searched the main related keywords e.g. polycystic, and cinnamon in main biological data centers e.g. Science Direct, Pubmed and Google Scholar. Then, the authors classified articles and only discussed the valid full papers in different categories.Results: The study of papers related to the effect of cinnamon on polycystic ovary syndrome revealed that this herb can control this problem via some route e.g., by control of triglyceride and cholesterol to diminish risk factors of fat deposition and by inhibitory effects on oxidative cascade decreasing the cystic formation process.Recommended applications/industries: The review proposed the positive effect of cinnamon on the control of PCOS in humans. Therefore, supplementary cinnamon on feed can diminish PCOS via some metabolic cycle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - بررسی اثر عصاره گیاه بابونه بر اختلالات حرکتی در مدل حیوانی پارکینسونی
شهربانو عالمی رستمی مریم رفیعی رادمینه وهدف: بیماری پارکینسون نوعی تحلیل در سیستم عصبی است که با اختلالات حرکتی متعددی شناخته میشود. عواملی از قبیل استرس اکسیداتیو از مهمترین علل دژنراسیون نورونهای دوپامینرژیکی جسم سیاه و ایجاد پارکینسون به شمار می روند. بنابراین داروهایی که دارای عمل آنت ی اکسیدانی Moreمینه وهدف: بیماری پارکینسون نوعی تحلیل در سیستم عصبی است که با اختلالات حرکتی متعددی شناخته میشود. عواملی از قبیل استرس اکسیداتیو از مهمترین علل دژنراسیون نورونهای دوپامینرژیکی جسم سیاه و ایجاد پارکینسون به شمار می روند. بنابراین داروهایی که دارای عمل آنت ی اکسیدانی م ی باشند، می توانند ب ه عنوان هدف جالب توجهی برای درمان اختلالات حرکتی پارکینسون باشند . بابونه منبع طبیعی آنتی اکسیدان است. مواد و روش ها: در این مطالعه از 50 سر موش صحرایی نر بالغ استفادهگردید که بهطور تصادفی به گروههای 10تایی کنترل، پارکینسونی، و سه گروه پارکینسونی که روزانه یکبار به مدت 14روز به ترتیب دوزهای mg/kg10،25و 50 عصاره گل بابونه را به روش گاواژ دریافت نمودند، تقسیم شدند. بیماری پارکینسون با تزریق 8میکروگرم سم عصبی 6_هیدروکسی دوپامین (6-OHDA) در 2میکرولیتر سالین دارای 1% اسید اسکوربیک درون دسته میانی_قدامی (MFB)نیمکره چپ مغز موشها القاء شد. نتایج به صورت میانگین و انحراف از معیار( mean± SEM)، آنالیز و واریانس یک طرفه و تست پشتیبان TUKEY ارائه شدند. یافته ها: ضایعه در MFB سمت چپ مغز با 6-OHDA موجبگردید تا 14 روز بعد از ضایعه حیوانات متعاقب تجویز زیرجلدی mg/kg 5/2 آپومورفین در جهت راست به میزان 10< دور در دقیقه چرخش 360 درجه داشته باشند و نیز در تستهای حرکتی (حفظ تعادل، بیحرکتی و طول قدم) نسبت به گروه کنترل اختلاف معنیداری را نشان دادند. درمان حیوانات پارکینسونی با دوزهای مختلف عصاره گل بابونه در مقایسه با گروه پارکینسونی بدون درمان، موجب بهبودی معنیدار فعالیتهای حرکتی گردید و دوز mg/kg10 و 50 بیشترین اثرات درمانی را نشان دادند. توصیه های کاربردی/صنعتی: عصاره گل بابونه احتمالا ًبهدلیل خاصیت آنتیاکسیدانی قوی و تداخل با فعالیت گیرندههای مسیرهای حرکتی میتواند جهت بهبود و کاهش اختلالات حرکتی پارکینسون مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - اثرعصاره ی آویشن (Thymus vulgaris) بر پاسخ ایمنی در برابر ویروس واکسن بیماری آنفلوانزا و نیوکاسل در جوجههای گوشتی
فروغ طلازاده منصور میاحی حسین نجف زاده ورزی حدیث نوروزی زادهمقدمه و هدف:مطالعه حاضر به منظور بررسی تاثیر عصاره آویشن بر پاسخ ایمنی علیه واکسن بیماری آنفلوانزا و نیوکاسل انجام شد. روش تحقیق: دویست و چهل و پنج قطعه جوجهی یک روزهی گوشتی خریداری و بیست قطعه جوجه برای تعیین میزان پادتن مادری خونگیری شده و بقیه­ی جوجه&s Moreمقدمه و هدف:مطالعه حاضر به منظور بررسی تاثیر عصاره آویشن بر پاسخ ایمنی علیه واکسن بیماری آنفلوانزا و نیوکاسل انجام شد. روش تحقیق: دویست و چهل و پنج قطعه جوجهی یک روزهی گوشتی خریداری و بیست قطعه جوجه برای تعیین میزان پادتن مادری خونگیری شده و بقیه­ی جوجه­ها به طور تصادفی به 5 گروه مساوی تقسیم شدند. جوجه­های گروه A،B وC عصاره­ی آبی آویشن را به ترتیب به میزان 1/0 درصد، 15/0 درصد و 2/0 درصد در آب آشامیدنی در طول دوره­ی پرورش دریافت نمودند. جوجه­های گروه E، عصاره­ی آویشن را دریافت نکردند اما علیه بیماری نیوکاسل واکسینه شدند. جوجه­های گروه F به عنوان گروه کنترل، عصاره­ی آویشن و واکسن نیوکاسل دریافت نکردند. جوجه­های گروه­های A، B، C و D، با واکسن زندهی B1 به روش قطره­­ی چشمی و واکسن کشتهی دوگانه نیوکاسل-آنفلوانزای تحت تیپ (H9N2)، به روش زیر پوست پشت گردن واکسینه شدند. در روزهای صفر (قبل از واکسیناسیون)، 14، 28 و 35 بعد از واکسیناسیون، از 10 قطعه جوجه از هر گروه، به طور تصادفی، خونگیری به عمل آمد و عیار پادتن ویژه­ی نیوکاسل به وسیله آزمایش ممانعت از هماگلوتیناسیون تعیین گردید. نتایج و بحث:نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که عصاره­ی آویشن، تاثیری برپاسخ پادتن ویژه­ی ویروس واکسن نیوکاسل ندارد اما دریافت 2/0 درصد عصاره آویشن در 14 روز بعد از واکسیناسیون، عیار پادتن ویژه­ی ویروس واکسن آنفلوانزا را در مقایسه با سایر گروه ها به طور معنی داری افزایش داد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: گیاهانی مانند آویشن که سرشار از فلاونوئیدهامی باشد فعالیت ویتامین C را توسعه می دهند، به عنوان آنتی اکسیدان عمل می کنند و بنابراین ممکن است عملکرد سیستم ایمنی بدن را افزایش دهند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - بررسی اثر ضدباکتریایی و فیتوشیمیایی عصاره متانولی و استونی گونههای Cupressus sempervirens و Juniperus excelsa بر برخی بیماریهای مهم غذایی
سیما یزدانی منیر دودی زهرا رضایتمند لادن رحیم زاده ترابیBackground & Aim: The unfettered usage of antibiotics has engendered a mounting resistance of bacteria to these agents, thereby necessitating the discovery and development of novel compounds and medications to a greater extent than previously. The focal point of thi MoreBackground & Aim: The unfettered usage of antibiotics has engendered a mounting resistance of bacteria to these agents, thereby necessitating the discovery and development of novel compounds and medications to a greater extent than previously. The focal point of this research was to explore the chemical constituents of acetone and methanol-extracted samples of Cupressus sempervirens and Juniperus excelsa, as well as their potential inhibitory actions against a prevalent food-borne pathogen.Experimental: This experimental investigation was conducted on standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus (PTCC 1430), Bacillus cereus (PTCC 1431), Listeria monocytogenes (PTCC 1298), Escherichia coli (PTCC 1399), and Shigella dysentery (PTCC 1188). Following the preparation of methanol and acetone extracts derived from Juniperus excelsa and Cupressus sempervirens using Clevenger apparatus, the antimicrobial efficacy was assessed by both qualitative agar well diffusion method and quantitative macrodilution method. The active constituents present in the methanol and acetone extracts of the plants were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analytical method. Means were compared with Duncan's test at the 5% probability level.Results: The findings of this investigation pertaining to the antimicrobial potency of the extracts, ascertained via the qualitative agar well diffusion method, indicated its efficacy against Gram-positive strains including S. aureus and B. cereus. The methanol extracts of the J. Excelsa were found to produce smaller inhibition zones on the tested bacteria compared to other plant extracts. The highest sensitivity to the acetone extract of C. sempervirens and J. excelsa observed in S. aureus and B. cereus. The extracts obtained from the two plant did not demonstrate any discernible impact on the Gram-negative bacteria that are commonly associated with foodborne pathogens. The findings obtained through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) indicated the presence of efficacious components such as Benzene 1,2,4,5-tetramethyl, and Cyclopropane cyclopenta in J. excels extract. The acetone extract of J. excelsa showed more potent antimicrobial constituents than its methanolic counterpart. It is anticipated that in forthcoming times, the acetone extract derived from this botanical specimen may be employed to prevent bacterial-induced foodborne illnesses.Recommended applications/industries: Duo to the existence of a range of bioactive compounds in the acetone extracts obtained from C. sempervirens and J. excels, these extracts have the potential to be used against the development of foodborne infections and diseases caused by bacterial agents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - بررسی بالینی اثربخشی داروهای یونانی بر بیماری های پوستی
موشیر انصاری نسرین جهان عبید علی تنزیل احمدBackground & Aim: Throughout the past three decades, scientific attention has been increased in examining Unani drugs for a potential therapeutic or preventive agent in the management of a number of health disorders in general and skin disorder in particular. T MoreBackground & Aim: Throughout the past three decades, scientific attention has been increased in examining Unani drugs for a potential therapeutic or preventive agent in the management of a number of health disorders in general and skin disorder in particular. The purpose of this systematic review is to analyze and categorize the current state of scientific evidence from clinical studies regarding the efficacy of Unani drugs in skin diseases. Experimental: Electronic and non-electronic systematic searches were carried out to identify all relevant clinical research on Unani drugs. Reference lists of articles that met the inclusion criteria were searched. Only studies reported in English were reviewed. Studies on single Unani drugs and compound formulations in various skin diseases were included, in accordance with the PRISMA statement that included studies must measure a physiological and/or a behavioral outcome. Results: The studies that met our inclusion criteria are effects of Unani drugs on Acne (n=5), Melasma (n=2), Pityriasis (n=1), Vitiligo (n=2), Urticaria (n=2), Ring worm (n=2), Psoriasis (n= 3), Eczema (n = 2), and Scabies (n = 1). The data from these studies support the efficacy of Unani drugs as compared to placebo and standard drugs in improving Acne, Melasma, Pityriasis, Vitiligo, Urticaria, Ring worm, Psoriasis, Eczema and Scabies. Recommended applications/industries: Findings from initial clinical trials suggest that Unani drugs may improve the clinical manifestations of skin diseases. However, larger multi-site clinical trials are needed to extend these preliminary findings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Iran's Paradox of Oil and Development
Mohammad SharifiIn the th century, the era of modern colonialism, the industrial colonial countries' policy for earning the national wealth and resources of developing countries was based on changing their economy into a monocultural one by the use of political, economical and military MoreIn the th century, the era of modern colonialism, the industrial colonial countries' policy for earning the national wealth and resources of developing countries was based on changing their economy into a monocultural one by the use of political, economical and military techniques and, if needed, controlling these countries through economic forces and wresting their resources in order to have unceasing access to raw material and appropriate fuel for their country. In Iran, oil has had such a role in the economy for years. The historical evidences of Iran's economy is an indicator of Iranian policy makers will for making a change in the field of oil in order to make socio-economic developments in the past and the present. That Iran's economy suffers from the Dutch disease is the direct result of earning and spending oil incomes . Changing the stance towards oil, from income–based to capital–based can be the initiation of turning losses to profits in anoil economy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - اثرات تغذیه سطح بالای سلنیوم و مس بر عملکرد رشد، برخی فراسنجههای بیوشیمیایی خون و تولید آنتی بادی علیه ویروس بیماری نیوکاسل در جوجههای گوشتی
ترکی م. م. حبیبیان ط. رستمی آ. مرادییک آزمایش جهت ارزیابی اثرات تغذیه سطوح بالای سلنیوم (به شکل سلنیت سدیم) و مس (به شکل سولفات مس) بر عملکرد رشد، پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی سرم و تولید آنتی ­بادی علیه ویروس بیماری نیوکاسل در جوجه­های گوشتی انجام شد. مجموع 160 جوجه گوشتی یکروزه راس 308 از مخلوط دو جنس Moreیک آزمایش جهت ارزیابی اثرات تغذیه سطوح بالای سلنیوم (به شکل سلنیت سدیم) و مس (به شکل سولفات مس) بر عملکرد رشد، پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی سرم و تولید آنتی ­بادی علیه ویروس بیماری نیوکاسل در جوجه­های گوشتی انجام شد. مجموع 160 جوجه گوشتی یکروزه راس 308 از مخلوط دو جنس به صورت تصادفی بین چهار گروه تیماری (40 جوجه در هر گروه) و هر کدام شامل چهار تکرار (10 جوجه به ازای هر تکرار) تقسیم شدند. گروه 1 به عنوان شاهد در نظر گرفته شد و جوجه­ها در این گروه یک جیره استاندارد بدون مکمل سلنیوم و مس را دریافت کردند. جوجه­ها در گروه 2 یک جیره حاوی مکمل سلنیوم به میزان 1 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم، در گروه 3 یک جیره حاوی مکمل مس به میزان 200 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم و در گروه 4 یک جیره مکمل شده با 1 میلیگرم/کیلوگرم سلنیوم و 200 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم مس را دریافت کردند. استفاده هم زمان از مکمل­های سلنیوم و مس مصرف خوراک و وزن بدن را کاهش و ضریب تبدیل خوراک را افزایش داد (05/0P<). این اثرات هنگام استفاده از سلنیوم یا مس به تنهایی مشاهده نشد (05/0P>). غلظت سرمی اسید اوریک با تغذیه مس کاهش یافت (05/0P<) و غلظت تری­گلیسریدها با تغذیه سلنیوم تمایل به افزایش داشت (11/0P=). علاوه بر این، غلظت سرمی آلبومین به طور معنی ­داری در جوجه­های دریافت کننده مکمل مس افزایش یافت (05/0P<)، اما این اثرات با استفاده هم زمان از مس و سلنیوم دیده نشد (05/0P>). تیتر آنتی­بادی علیه ویروس نیوکاسل در 28 روزگی تحت تأثیر گروه­های آزمایشی قرار نگرفت (05/0P>)، اما در 42 روزگی در گروه دریافت کننده ترکیب سلنیوم و مس کاهش یافت (05/0P<). این نتایج به روشنی بیانگر برهمکنش منفی بین استفاده از سلنیت سدیم و سولفات مس بر عملکرد رشد جوجه­های گوشتی است. لازم است مطالعات بیشتری جهت مشخص کردن سازوکار این اثرات انجام شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - شناسایی سرولوژیک و مولکولی ویروس آکابان در ایران
غ.ع. کجوری ز. داوودی ح. ممتازتحقیق حاضر بر 60 رأس نشخوارکننده ماده با تاریخچه سقط جنین و یا مردهزایی به منظور شناسایی موارد مثبت ابتلا به ویروس آکابان و سپس تعیین نقش بافت رحم در انتقال بیماری و بقای ویروس به انجام رسید. به همین منظور از آزمایش سرولوژیک الیزا و مولکولی RT-PCR بهره گرفته شد تا به ت Moreتحقیق حاضر بر 60 رأس نشخوارکننده ماده با تاریخچه سقط جنین و یا مردهزایی به منظور شناسایی موارد مثبت ابتلا به ویروس آکابان و سپس تعیین نقش بافت رحم در انتقال بیماری و بقای ویروس به انجام رسید. به همین منظور از آزمایش سرولوژیک الیزا و مولکولی RT-PCR بهره گرفته شد تا به ترتیب پس از شناسایی موارد مثبت اقدام به ردگیری ژنوم ویروس در بافت رحم شود. پس از انجام مطالعه میدانی، جمعیتی بالغ بر 2400 رأس شامل60 رأس دام مشکوک (20 رأس گاو، 20 رأس گوسفند و 20 رأس بز) با تاریخچه سقط جنین یا مرده زایی (گروه مطالعه) و 60 رأس دام سالم (گروه شاهد) شناسایی و جهت بررسی بیشتر به کشتارگاه ارجاع شدند. ابتدا در سالن انتظار اقدام به خونگیری از ورید وداج و پس از کشتار ضمن بررسی دقیق لاشه و طی شرایط آسپتیک اقدام به نمونه برداری از رحم شد. نمونهها در اسرع وقت و در کنار یخ به آزمایشگاه منتقل و تا زمان انجام آزمون الایزا و RT-PCR به ترتیب در برودت 20- و 70- درجه سانتیگراد نگهداری شدند. قبل از انجام هر گونه آزمایش ابتدا نمونههای سرمی از نظر حضور پادتن بر علیه بروسلا مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند که از گروه مطالعه و شاهد، به ترتیب سه رأس و یک رأس واجد پادتن بر علیه بروسلا بودند و در نهایت آزمونهای سرولوژیک و مولکولی تنها بر نمونههای عاری از بروسلوز صورت پذیرفت. نتایج آزمون الایزا حکایت از مثبت بودن یک مورد از 17 رأس گوسفند و مشکوک بودن 3 بز از 20 رأس داشت. بر این اساس میزان آلودگی به ویروس آکابان در جمعیت 57 رأسی معادل 75/1 درصد برآورد شد. اما در بررسی مولکولی بافت رحم تمامی نمونهها عاری از آلودگی به ویروس آکابان تشخیص داده شدند. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده حضور آنتیبادی بر علیه ویروس آکابان در جمعیت گوسفند و بز مورد مطالعه برای اولین بار در ایران به اثبات رسید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - A Fuzzy Expert System for Prognosis of the Risk of Development of Heart Disease
Rana Akhoondi Rahil Hosseini -
Open Access Article
142 - Statistical Analysis of Air Pollutants and Atmospheric Elements and Their Relationship With The Deaths Resultant By Heart Diseases in Tehran
hossein mohamadi faramarz khoshakhlagh naser golizadehPollution of the air is amongst the most vital and complex issues in industrial civilization which has a menacing influence on the environment. Furthermore, climatic over-measurement has increased the spread of these pollutants in the atmosphere, which will consequently MorePollution of the air is amongst the most vital and complex issues in industrial civilization which has a menacing influence on the environment. Furthermore, climatic over-measurement has increased the spread of these pollutants in the atmosphere, which will consequently augment their influence on human beings and their natural ecological systems. The aim of the present study is analyzing the relationship between climatic elements and air pollution with the deaths caused by heart diseases in Tehran from 2006 to 2010. In this regard, the relationship between climatic variables and pollutant variables with death caused by heart diseases was scrutinized using mixed methods of Pearson product-moment correlation and multiple regression .The findings demonstrate that there exists a negative correlation between climatic elements of the temperature with a correlation coefficient of. /47. The pressure with a coefficient correlation of ./42 has a direct influence on the rate of the deaths from heart diseases with the meaningful significance of ./99. All the elements show a significantly meaningful correlation with the deaths from heart conditions ; notwithstanding, the most meaningful correlation was observed in carbon monoxide which was. /41 with a meaningful significance of. /99. When all the chemical elements in the air are present en masse, a unit of change in temperature based upon the Celsius degree will have a decrease of 17/12 in death caused by heart conditions. A unit of one percent change in humidity leads to a decrease of 7/9 percent in deaths. The change of one unit of PPM in carbon monoxide causes an increase of 26/2 and one unit of change in suspended particles based upon micro gram or cubic meter causes an increase of 1/4 in the rate of the deaths caused by heart diseases in the city of Tehran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - کنترل بیولوژیک نماتد غده بنفشه آفریقایی با استفاده از پروتئاز باسیلوس
هادی رهاننده مهسا مشیدیدر این تحقیق تاثیر Bacillus spp. و پروتئاز تولیدی آن­ها روی نماتد غده (Meloidogyne javanica) در میزبان بنفشه آفریقایی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. حدود 100 جدایه باکتریایی از خاک ها جداسازی شد. تاثیر همه Moreدر این تحقیق تاثیر Bacillus spp. و پروتئاز تولیدی آن­ها روی نماتد غده (Meloidogyne javanica) در میزبان بنفشه آفریقایی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. حدود 100 جدایه باکتریایی از خاک ها جداسازی شد. تاثیر همهی باکتریها بر میزان مرگ و میر نماتدها مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. از باکتری­های موثر چهار جدایه متعلق به جنس باسیلوس بودند. از باسیلوس های جداسازی شده جدایه GM18 بیشترین تاثیر را در مرگ و میر نماتد غده داشت. بر اساس آزمایش تولید پروتئاز 4 جدایه قادر به تولید پروتئاز در سطح پتری دیش بودند. بزرگترین هاله را جدایه GM18 به میزان 13 میلی متر تولید کرد. این جدایه بر اساس آزمایش­های بیوشیمیایی و توالی­سنجی B. subtilis تشخیص داده شد. فاکتورهای تاثیرگذار در میزان تولید پروتئاز همانند pH، دما، زمان و همچنین بازدارنده های تولید پروتئاز در مورد این جدایه بررسی گردید. نتایج آزمایش­­ها نشان داد که بیشترین میزان تولید پروتئاز در دمای 31 درجه سانتی گراد، 8=pH و زمان 12 ساعت رخ می­دهد. بیشترین تاثیر بازدارندگی را EDTA روی پروتئاز تولیدی داشت که نشان­دهندهی وجود میزان زیاد متالوپروتئاز می­باشد، البته بازدارندههای دیگر نیز به میزان کمتر تاثیر داشتند که نشان می­دهد پروتئاز تولیدی این باکتری از چند گروه پروتئاز مختلف تشکیل شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - بررسی خصوصیات کمی و شناسایی عوامل بیماریزا در گل مریم تحت شرایط متغیر نیتروژن و پتاسیم در خوزستان
سید حسین محمودی نژاد دزفولی کیوان کریمیاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف نیتروژن و پتاسیم بر خصوصیات کمی گل مریم و شناسایی عوامل بیماری­زای مرتبط با آن در استان خوزستان انجام شد. این آزمایش بصورت فاکتوریل و در قالب بلوک کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی صفی آباد Moreاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف نیتروژن و پتاسیم بر خصوصیات کمی گل مریم و شناسایی عوامل بیماری­زای مرتبط با آن در استان خوزستان انجام شد. این آزمایش بصورت فاکتوریل و در قالب بلوک کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی صفی آباد دزفول اجرا گردید. فاکتورها شامل چهار سطح نیتروژن شامل N1= 0، N2= 100، N3= 200 و N4= 300 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن خالص از منبع اوره و سه سطح پتاسیم شامل K1= 0، K2= 150 و K3= 300 کیلوگرم در هکتارK2O ازمنبع سولفات پتاسیم و 100 کیلوگرم p < sub>2O5 در هکتار از منبع سوپر فسفات تریپل بود. در این تحقیق نیتروژن برگ، طول خوشه، طول برگ، قرائت SPAD، شاخص سطح برگ (LAI)، ضریب استهلاک نوری، درصد بیماری و تابش فعال فتوسنتزی جذب شده اندازه گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که کود نیتروژن بر طول برگ، قرائت کلروفیلمتر، ضریب استهلاک نوری، تشعشع فعال فتوسنتزی جذب شده و درصد بیماری در سطح 5 درصد همچنین بر درصد نیتروژن برگ، طول خوشه و شاخص سطح برگ در سطح 1 درصد تأثیر معنیدار داشته است. پتاسیم اثر معنی داری بر پارامترهای اندازه­گیری شده در این آزمایش نداشت. عوامل ایجاد کننده لکه های نکروزه در نوک و لبه­های برگ و گلبرگBotrytis sp. ، .Curvularia sp و .Fusarium sp بودند. در حالی که علت اصلی ایجاد لکه­های نکروزه روی گلبرگ­ها، تریپس است که احتمالاً از گونه­های F.intonsa یا F.schultzei است. به­طور کلی، کاربرد 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن و صفر کیلوگرم در هکتار K2O تیمار مناسب بدست آمده از نتایج پروژه است که می­توان به گلکاران (در کاشت پیاز درشت) توصیه نمود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - ردیابی و شناسایی ویروس پژمردگی لکهای گوجه فرنگی در گیاهان زینتی استان خراسان شمالی
جواد محمودی صفا سعید نصراله نژاد محمد رضایی فروه سادات مصطفوی نیشابوریدر سالهای اخیر علائم بیماریهای ویروسی مانند کوتولگی، موزائیک، رنگ پریدگی، بافت مردگی و لکههای حلقوی روی گیاهان زینتی در پارکها، بوستانها و معابر استان خراسان شمالی شیوع پیدا کرده است. ویروس پژمردگی لکه-ای گوجهفرنگی (TSWV) ، گونهای از جنس Orthotospovirus، خانواده Moreدر سالهای اخیر علائم بیماریهای ویروسی مانند کوتولگی، موزائیک، رنگ پریدگی، بافت مردگی و لکههای حلقوی روی گیاهان زینتی در پارکها، بوستانها و معابر استان خراسان شمالی شیوع پیدا کرده است. ویروس پژمردگی لکه-ای گوجهفرنگی (TSWV) ، گونهای از جنس Orthotospovirus، خانواده Tospoviridae ، راسته Bunyavirales، با ژنوم سه قسمتی (negative/ambisense) و ویروس دارای ژنوم تک رشتهای RNA است. این ویروس عامل اصلی آلودگی گیاهان زینتی در جهان است. در این مطالعه به منظور بررسی درصد آلودگی به TSWV، در اوایل پاییز ۱۳۹۹، ۳۵۰ نمونه گیاه زینتی بر اساس نشانههای مشکوک به علائم ویروسی از پارکها، بوستانها و معابر استان خراسان شمالی (شهرستانهای بجنورد و شیروان) جمع آوری شد و در شرایط خنک به آزمایشگاه منتقل گردید. در آزمایشگاه به منظور ارزیابی وجود ویروس در نمونههای مشکوک، آزمایش سرولوژیکی DAS-ELISA انجام شد و نمونههای آلوده به ویروس که در آزمون الایزا مشخص شدند به گیاهان محک Chenopodium album ، Vigna unguiculata و Datura stramonium مایهزنی گردیدند و پس از ظهور علائم به منظور تایید آلودگی مجددا با آزمون DAS-ELISA آزمایش شدند. در شناسایی مولکولی نمونه های آلوده به ویروس با استفاده از کیت کیاژن استخراج RNA صورت گرفت و با استفاده از جفت آغازگرهای اختصاصی در واکنش RT-PCR قطعه ای در محدوده باندی bp ۲۷۶ تکثیر یافت. نتایج حاصل از آزمون DAS-ELISA و RT-PCR وجود ویروس را در گیاهان زینتی استان خراسان شمالی به اثبات رساند. در مایهزنی مکانیکی ویروس مورد مطالعه هر سه گیاه محک فوق علائم مشخص بیماری را نشان دادند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - ردیابی و شناسایی ویروس لکه حلقوی گوجه فرنگی در گیاهان زینتی استان خراسان شمالی
جواد محمودی صفا سعید نصرالله نژاد فروه سادات مصطفوی نیشابوریدر سال­های اخیر علائم بیماری­های ویروسی مانند کوتولگی، موزائیک، رنگ پریدگی، بافت مردگی و لکه­های حلقوی روی گیاهان زینتی در پارک­ها، بوستان­ها و معابر استان خراسان شمالی شیوع پیدا کرده است. ویروس لکه حلقوی گوجه­فرنگی Tomato ring spot virus(ToRSV) Moreدر سال­های اخیر علائم بیماری­های ویروسی مانند کوتولگی، موزائیک، رنگ پریدگی، بافت مردگی و لکه­های حلقوی روی گیاهان زینتی در پارک­ها، بوستان­ها و معابر استان خراسان شمالی شیوع پیدا کرده است. ویروس لکه حلقوی گوجه­فرنگی Tomato ring spot virus(ToRSV) متعلق به جنس Nepovirusو خانوادهSecoviridaeمی­باشد. این عامل ویروسی یکی از عوامل اصلی آلوده کننده گل­های زینتی در جهان محسوب می­شود. در این تحقیق جهت بررسی درصد آلودگی ویروس ToRSV، در اوایل پاییز سال 1393 مجموعا 400 نمونه گیاه زینتی به صورت کاملا تصادفی و بدون در نظر گرفتن علائم از پارک­ها، بوستان­ها و معابر استان خراسان شمالی (شهرستان­های بجنورد و شیروان) جمع­آوری شد و در شرایط خنک به آزمایشگاه منتقل گردید. در آزمایشگاه به منظور ارزیابی وجود ویروس در نمونه­های مشکوک،­ آزمون سرولوژیکی DAS-ELISA انجام شد و نمونه­های آلوده به ویروس که در آزمون الایزا مشخص شدند به گیاهان محک Cucumis sativus، Vigna unguiculata،Nicotiana glutinousa وNicotiana rusticaمایه­زنی گردیدند. پس از ظهور علائم، گیاهان محک مجددا برای تایید وجود آلودگی توسط آزمون DAS-ELISA تست شدند. شناسایی مولکولی گیاهان آلوده توسط کیت استخراج RNA (کیاژن) انجام شد و با استفاده از آغازگرهای اختصاصی ویروس در واکنش RT-PCR، یک قطعه 449bp تکثیر شد. نتایج آزمون الایزا و واکنش RT-PCR حضور ویروس را در گیاهان زینتی استان خراسان شمالی تایید کرد. در مایه­زنی مکانیکی ویروس هر سه گیاه محک فوق علائم بیماری را نشان دادند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - The effect of methanol extract of Lippia citrodoria in the prevention and control of IBD induced by acetic acid in mice
maryam teimouri Fariba KhosravinejadInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition of the intestine with unknown etiology involving multiple immune, genetic and environmental factors. We were interested to examine the effect of extract from Lippia citrodoria, a medicine plant in prevention and co MoreInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition of the intestine with unknown etiology involving multiple immune, genetic and environmental factors. We were interested to examine the effect of extract from Lippia citrodoria, a medicine plant in prevention and control of experimental mouse IBD. L.citrodoria was administered (50, 150.200 mg/kg) through drinking water to IBD mice (induced by intrarectal administration of acid-induced). Prednisolone was used as the standard drug for comparison. Biochemical, macroscopic and microscopic examination of colon were performed. Biochemical evaluation of inflamed colon was done using assay of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and thiobarbituric acid reaction substances(TBARS) concentration as indicators of free radical activity and cells lipid peroxidation. Results indicated that the activity of MPO and lipid peroxidation products (TBARS) increased in acetic acid-treated group while recovered by pretreatment of animals with L.citrodoria (50,150,200 mg/kg) and prednisolone. L.citrodoria (50-100mg/kg) and prednisolone. L.citrodoria (50-200 mg/kg) and prednisolone-treated groups showed significantly lower score values of macroscopic and microscopic characters when compared to the acetic acid – treated group. The benefical effect of L.citrodoria ( 200mg/kg) was comparable to that of prednisolone.It is concludes that the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory potentials of L.citrodoria might be the mechanisms by which this extract protects animals against experimentally induced IBD. Proper clinical investigation should be carried out to confirm the activity in human Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Effect of wortmanin on the expression of BDNF and NT3 neuroprotective cytokines in cultured Astrocyt
amir yazdanpanah vahid hemayatkhahjahromiBackground and Aim: Neurodegenerative diseases induce apoptosis in neurons by affecting the central nervous system. Glia cells play an important role in preventing the progression of these diseases and increasing neuronal survival. The most important function of glia ce MoreBackground and Aim: Neurodegenerative diseases induce apoptosis in neurons by affecting the central nervous system. Glia cells play an important role in preventing the progression of these diseases and increasing neuronal survival. The most important function of glia cells after neuronal survival is the secretion of neuroprotective factors. Neuroprotective factors secreted by astrocytes include TGFβ1, TGFβ2, GDNF, BDNF, and NT3.In this study, we investigate the possible role of vortmanine in the expression of neuroprotective factors BDNF and NT3 secreted by microglia and oligodendrocytes in vitro. For this purpose, cultured microglia and oligodendrocytes were treated with concentrations of 8,12,16 μmol / L for 72 hours. materials and methods :A 1-2-day-old Wistar rat was used to culture astrocyte cells. Thus, after disinfecting the skin of the body and hands of infants with 70% alcohol-soaked cotton, the infant's head was cut with scissors, the scalp was completely removed and the skull was cut from the neck to the forehead. To reveal the cerebral cortex. The brain was then removed from the skull and placed in Hanks buffer.Concentrations of 8, 12, and 16 mol / L of vortmanine are added by sampler to microglia and oligodendrocyte cells cultured in 6-well plates and The expression of neuroprotective factors was measured by R-T PCRResults :Vertmanine-treated astrocyte cells showed significant morphological changes.However, morphological changes were much less observed in control cells compared to treated cells. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - Evaluation of NKP46 gene expression in celiac disease patients on a gluten free diet
Maryam Khodapanah Mohammad Rostami-Nejad Mehrdad Hashemi Hamid Asadzadeh-AghdaeiAccording to the previous studies, natural cytotoxicity receptors including NKP46 can play an important role in strengthening and sustaining immune responses against viral infection, which may have a role in the progression of inflammation in celiac disease. Moreover, I MoreAccording to the previous studies, natural cytotoxicity receptors including NKP46 can play an important role in strengthening and sustaining immune responses against viral infection, which may have a role in the progression of inflammation in celiac disease. Moreover, Interleukin-15, which is one of the most important inflammatory cytokines in celiac disease pathogenesis, can also change the expression of this type of receptors that leads to atrophy of intestinal villi. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intestinal expression of NKP46 gene in patients with celiac disease on a gluten-free diet in comparison with healthy individuals. In this study, 20 small intestinal biopsy samples were collected from patients with celiac disease and 20 samples from healthy subjects. After RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, gene-specific primer pairs were designed, PCR conducted and NKP46 gene expression was evaluated by real-time PCR method. 8 females (40%) and 12 males (60%) in the patient group and 7 females (35%) and 13 males (65%) in the control group were studied. NKP46 gene expression was not significantly different between celiac patients who were on a gluten-free diet and healthy individuals (Pvalue: 0.4). The lack of significant difference in the expression of this receptor between the patient and control groups can be due to the effects of gluten-free diet adherence. Additional studies are recommended to achieve a more complete expression profile of these receptors and possible mutations affecting their expression in treated and untreated celiac disease patients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Management of the risk of cardiovascular disease with the help of mathematical models
samar shetaban mirmehdi esfehani sahar shetabanToday, air pollution, smoking, use of fatty and ready-made foods, etc., have exacerbated heart disease. For this purpose, controlling the risk of such diseases can prevent or reduce their incidence. The present study aimed at using Markov decision processes (MDP) to est MoreToday, air pollution, smoking, use of fatty and ready-made foods, etc., have exacerbated heart disease. For this purpose, controlling the risk of such diseases can prevent or reduce their incidence. The present study aimed at using Markov decision processes (MDP) to estimate the risk of cardiovascular disease. For this purpose, model inputs were first determined using a validated micro-simulation model for screening cardiovascular disease developed at Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran using genetic algorithm. The model input factors were then defined accordingly and using these inputs, three risk estimation models were identified. The results of these models support World Health Organization guidelines that provide medicine with high discount to patients with high expected Life Years. Finally, conflicts are usually observed in the risk models determining the likelihood of complications. Hence, to develop Markov Decision Processes methodology, policies should be adopted that work well despite the difference between the risk model and the actual risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - The effect of carbon dioxide emissions on mortality from cancer, cardiovascular disease and chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes in men and women
Moslem Ansarinasab najmeh bidmalExtended Abstract Purpose One of the most important issues today related to climate change and the increase in deaths from diabetes and blood lipid diseases is the debate over pollutants, especially carbon dioxide emissions. Methodology The present descriptive- MoreExtended Abstract Purpose One of the most important issues today related to climate change and the increase in deaths from diabetes and blood lipid diseases is the debate over pollutants, especially carbon dioxide emissions. Methodology The present descriptive-analytical and applied study has been done with a macroeconomic approach, all data of which have been extracted from the World Bank. This study examines the effect of carbon dioxide emissions on the rise cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease and diabetes in men and women in Eurasian Economic Union countries using the Generalized Torque method (GMM) for years 2018-2000 is covered. Finding The findings suggest that carbon dioxide emissions have had a positive effect on increasing mortality due to increased cancer, cardiovascular disease and chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes. The effect of income (GDP variable) and life expectancy has had a negative impact in the period under review on total mortality rates, male mortality rates and female mortality rates. Conclusion The results indicate that pollution (carbon dioxide emissions) carbon dioxide emissions have a positive effect on the increase in male mortality (020/0) due to increased cancer, cardiovascular disease and chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes, while this effect has been estimated at twice the rate of female mortality (042/0) and twice the rate of male mortality and at a higher meaningful level of 95 percent. Perhaps the reason for this can be attributed to the physical elegance of women. Therefore, due to the high levels of pollutants in the air and the resulting health consequences, especially cardiovascular diseases, appropriate measures should be taken to reduce air pollution. On the other hand, the effect of income (GDP variable) has had a negative impact on the overall mortality rate, male mortality rate and female mortality rate. It is known that as economic growth increases in Eurasian member states, it causes income (GDP increase) in these countries, which improves the Human Development Index and health indicators of quality of life, resulting in a decrease in mortality. The variable effect of life expectancy on male and female mortality from cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and chronic diseases was negatively estimated. So the more pollution increases, the more deaths from cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, and diabetes increase, which reduces life expectancy in these countries. So, the results of this study can be a good way for planners and decision - makers in large countries in the field of the effect of pollutants on the death of men and women from cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and chronic respiratory diseases of member states, as well as controlling and managing environmental pollutants more than ever. Therefore, the following economic policies are proposed: economic policymakers such as the Ministry of economy and the central bank are proposed to adopt long-term plans to increase the country's income because increasing income will improve the financial situation of households and reduce deaths. The country's economic and health policy makers, especially the planning and budget agency and the Ministry of health, are advised to implement appropriate policies, especially to increase the umbrella of pension support and health insurance, to cover the costs of diseases such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and chronic respiratory diseases, to promote life expectancy to reduce death. Environmental policy makers, especially the Environmental Protection Agency, the Ministry of Interior, standards and municipalities of the country, are advised to adopt appropriate policies such as improving public transport, improving the quality of domestic car engines, controlling and removing polluting industries from urban areas to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - Treatment of Shirk mental and religious illness in Al-Mizan
azizali dehghani mUHAMMAD hOSEIN Sa'ini Husain Moradi Zanjani فرهاد EdrisiOne of the most challenging issues in the past and present has been mental and psychological problems that have led to the emergence of all kinds of increasing devastation of human society. Has inevitably acted inhumanely. Al-Mizan in Al-Mizan considers mental illness a MoreOne of the most challenging issues in the past and present has been mental and psychological problems that have led to the emergence of all kinds of increasing devastation of human society. Has inevitably acted inhumanely. Al-Mizan in Al-Mizan considers mental illness as the covering of the heart in a way of doubt that confuses the flow of faith in God and belief in His revelations and faith in polytheism, and the health of the heart is that the heart is in a position where its creation is Has been stationed. In the Holy Quran, the issue of polytheism is widely discussed and is one of the most important obstacles to moral development and as a belief and mental illness along with physical illnesses. The dimension of moral deviations and its solutions is that the results of this study indicate that repetition of righteous action and persistence on it, attention, repentance, gradual modification of behavior, elimination of moral vices, self-purification, solutions of these deviations. In general, it can be said that Allama in Al-Mizan believes that the existing human being is free and independent and can consciously change direction and remove the moral vices from the body by "correcting" the gland, and this will be possible only when The Qur'an is to act. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Jurisprudential study of "objective obligation and sufficiency of Hajj" in the context of the Corona epidemic
Azam Ramezani AbbasAli Heydari Mahmoud GhaumzadehThe massive annual gathering of Muslims from all over the world to perform the Hajj is the largest religious ceremony in the world. There is not much knowledge about its origin, but it has affected human life on a large scale. Due to the necessity of Hajj and the import MoreThe massive annual gathering of Muslims from all over the world to perform the Hajj is the largest religious ceremony in the world. There is not much knowledge about its origin, but it has affected human life on a large scale. Due to the necessity of Hajj and the importance of not leaving the Kaaba empty of pilgrims, the ruling on the existence or provision of a means as a condition for the obligation of Hajj is not very clear for the obligees. This has been the case; therefore, the study of "Analysis of the explanation of the global corona epidemic and its effect on the Hajj with a jurisprudential approach" which is an emerging disease is an issue that needs to be explored until a worthwhile response stage. Lack of security in the field of health in the land of revelation and the path leading to it to perform Hajj rituals, will make the obligated people unable to afford it and ultimately Hajj will not be obligatory for them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - Analyzing the Myth of Ārash through Max Müller's Solar Mythology Theory
Fatemeh Shakibaei Mehyār Alavi Moghaddam Mahmoud FirouzimoghaddamThe current study examines the myth of Ārash-e Kamāngīr (Ārash the Archer) through the lens of Max Müller's solar mythology, employing an analytical-comparative approach. Max Müller, a pioneering figure in comparative mythology, explored various ethnic traditions across MoreThe current study examines the myth of Ārash-e Kamāngīr (Ārash the Archer) through the lens of Max Müller's solar mythology, employing an analytical-comparative approach. Max Müller, a pioneering figure in comparative mythology, explored various ethnic traditions across the realms of anthropology, philology, and theology, emphasizing the study of comparative mythology within the natural world. Müller regarded comparative mythology as central to the Indo-European peoples' thought processes. Building on his theory of the "disease of language," Müller posited that myths represent ancient forms of language that can be deciphered through comparative mythological analysis, such as in the case of Ārash. He viewed mythology as stemming from a linguistic ailment that distorts the original clarity of words. From Müller's standpoint, mythological deities and heroes serve as personifications of natural phenomena, with their names gradually acquiring reverence and mystique over time, evolving into gods/goddesses or legendary figures. The myth of Ārash aligns with this interpretation. According to Max Müller's solar mythology framework, themes of immortality, purification, swiftness, and frontier protection are prevalent in both Sun myths and the myth of Ārash. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - Motor Signal Intelligent Processing in Huntington Disease Diagnosis
Mohammad Karimi Moridani Soroor Behbahani Sepeideh Asadikia -
Open Access Article
156 - Using the Electrocardiogram Signal to Identify and Detection Heart Diseases by Combining Time and Frequency Characteristics
Mohamad Reza Yousefi Zahra Khodadadi Amin DehghaniOne highly valuable tool for diagnosing heart diseases is the Electrocardiogram (ECG). This method involves recording the electrical signals emitted by the heart, using electrodes placed on the chest and various organs. The primary objective of this project is to employ MoreOne highly valuable tool for diagnosing heart diseases is the Electrocardiogram (ECG). This method involves recording the electrical signals emitted by the heart, using electrodes placed on the chest and various organs. The primary objective of this project is to employ digital signal pro-cessing of ECG signals to classify and diagnose heart diseases. The conditions that can be classi-fied through this digital processing of ECG signals encompass arrhythmia, atrioventricular block, cardiomyopathy, bundle branch block, and more. Therefore, this study primarily focuses on the classification and diagnosis of some of these heart diseases. The Pan-Tompkins algorithm is em-ployed in this study to detect the QRS complex in the ECG signals. Various classification algo-rithms, such as K-nearest neighbor, support vector machine, decision tree, and neural network, have been utilized to classify these signals. The digital processing of ECG signals is conducted using MATLAB software. The ECG signals utilized in this project were sourced from the PTB Diagnostic database available at physionet.org. Ultimately, the K-NN classifier with an F-criterion of 0.88 and a K-value of 20 demonstrated the most robust performance in classifying these heart diseases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - A Denoising Autoencoder Stacked Deep Learning Method for Clinical Trial Enrichment and Design Applied to Alzheimer’s Disease
Aref Safari -
Open Access Article
158 - Diagnostic Study for Neurodegenerative Disorders Based on Handwriting Analysis
Leila Soleimanidoust Abdalhossein Rezai Hamideh Barghamadi Iman AhanianOne of the most frequently acknowledged personal behavioral traits in the biometric system is the handwritten exam. Numerous fields, including e-health, psychological issues, medical diag-nosis, and many more, can benefit from handwriting analysis. In this study, a hand MoreOne of the most frequently acknowledged personal behavioral traits in the biometric system is the handwritten exam. Numerous fields, including e-health, psychological issues, medical diag-nosis, and many more, can benefit from handwriting analysis. In this study, a handwriting-based computer diagnostic method for identifying neurodegenerative disorders is established. The sug-gested computer diagnosis system uses the SFTA feature extraction approach, and the findings are classified using SVM, kNN, and D-Tree algorithms. MATLAB R2021b and the handwritten tests gathered at Botucatu Medical School, So Paulo State University—Brazil—are used to assess the performance of the suggested computer diagnosis method. The best results were related into two models of classifier, Optimizable model of SVM and kNN. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity are 89.2%, 88.3% and 90.0% for SVM and 89.2%,90.0% and 88.3% for kNN over Meander handwritten exam. These results indicate that the use of SFTA feature extraction method, SVM classification algorithm and handwritten database in the proposed computer diagnosis system give acceptable results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - High resolution melting (HRM) curve analysis for rapidly and accurate determination of Salmonella spp. with invA gene
hasan Nili seyed ali ghorashi Habibollah Dadras mohammad Sadegh SaeiabadiBackground & Objectives: Salmonellosis is an infectious and common disease between humans and animals that is caused by different strains of Salmonella. Progress in molecular diagnostic methods, has led to accurate and easy detection and characterization of food mic MoreBackground & Objectives: Salmonellosis is an infectious and common disease between humans and animals that is caused by different strains of Salmonella. Progress in molecular diagnostic methods, has led to accurate and easy detection and characterization of food microbial agent. The purpose of this research was to use HRM technique to access more accurate and rapid diagnosis of Salmonella bacteria by means of invA gene. Material & Methods: In this study, diagnosis of Salmonella was done by polymerase chain reaction and high resolution melting curve ( PCR-HRM) using the sequence on invasion A gene (invA) as a marker. In total 9 Salmonella reference strains using a specific primer pair of genes invA were used to detect Salmonella. Results: The expected size of PCR amplified fragments of invA gene was determined as 284bp. All tested strains were able to show a Salmonella specific melting curve with high resolution at thermal interval of 87.8-87.9°C. Conclusion: The results showed that HRM using specific primers of invA gene can be used as an accurate and reliable technique for diagnosis Genus of Salmonella. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Application of Soil‐borne Streptomycetes for Biological Control against Fusarium Wilt of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L) caused by Fusarium oxysporum fsp cumini
Mozhgan Golmoradi Gholamhosein Shahidi Bonjar Sonia Aghighi Meysam Soltani NejadCumin )C uminum cyminum L.) is an annual plant belonging to Apiaceae family. One of the major diseases of cumin is Fusarium wilt caused by a soil-borne, vascular wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cumini which is a devastating disease that occurs in major cumin grow MoreCumin )C uminum cyminum L.) is an annual plant belonging to Apiaceae family. One of the major diseases of cumin is Fusarium wilt caused by a soil-borne, vascular wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cumini which is a devastating disease that occurs in major cumin growing areas of the world; while plants reach to 0.5- 2.5 cm in height, they die as the result of the disease. In the current research, 80 isolates of Streptomyces spp. isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Astragalus sp. and screened against Fusarium under laboratory condition. Three out of 80 isolates including M15, M26 and M80 revealed having the highest antagonistic activity, hence, selected for further evaluation under greenhouse conditions. After emergence of cumin seedlings, mortality and growth indices were compared between different treatments weekly and results were recorded. Plants were harvested after teen weeks and growth indices such as plant height and weight were recorded. The Streptomyces sp. Isolate No. M15 was showed the strongest effects on plant growth and suppression of the wilt disease as compared to the controls. The present research is an attempt to control cumin Fusarium wilt disease using Streptomyces spp. The final goal of this research is to introduce an effective biological agent for controlling managing Fusarium wilt disease under field condition. this pathogen. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Climate change and its effect on microbial diversity of extreme environments and infectious diseases outbreaks
Sepideh Meidaninikjeh Parisa Mohammadi Afsaneh KhanbabakhaniClimate change is one of the most important issues that has attracted a great deal of attention and caused many environmental problems for health systems and global economy. Studies have shown that during climate change, microorganisms also change significantly resulted MoreClimate change is one of the most important issues that has attracted a great deal of attention and caused many environmental problems for health systems and global economy. Studies have shown that during climate change, microorganisms also change significantly resulted in many problems including the recurrence and spread of infectious diseases, emerging diseases (COVID-19 pandemic), and antibiotic resistance. Climate change has led to famine, drought, floods, and global warming that threatens the lives of many people. famine, drought, floods, and global warming that threatens the lives of many people. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions, especially the use of less fossil fuels in industry, can be a preventative way. Therefore, it is significant to have plans to deal with climate change consequences in the environment. In this review paper, 71 articles from 1992 to 2020 were reviewed by mentioned keywords. Some specific extreme environments that are rich in valuable secondary metabolites and microorganisms but are fragile to climate change and also their microorganism’s diversity and population which have been changed during climate change were reviewed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Isolation and identification of culturable bacterial flora of dental lesions in a clinic
Ali Kazemtabrizi Azam Haddadi Mahmoud Shavandi Nasser HarzandiBackground & Objectives: Dental plaque is structurally and functionally a biofilm that may lead to caries and root infection due to disruption of microbial homeostasis. The present research aimed to investigate the molecular characteristics of dental flora of patien MoreBackground & Objectives: Dental plaque is structurally and functionally a biofilm that may lead to caries and root infection due to disruption of microbial homeostasis. The present research aimed to investigate the molecular characteristics of dental flora of patients in East Tehran. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 9 samples of dental plaque, caries, and root canal from five patients who were randomly selected in 2017 were collected under sterile conditions. Bacteria were cultured using the standard BHI broth culture medium. General primers of the 16S rRNA gene were used for molecular identification of bacteria and investigation of their phylogenetic relationships. Demographic characteristics of the subjects were also examined. Results: Thirteen bacterial isolates were identified from clinical specimens of plaque and tooth decay. The isolated bacteria belonged to three phyla, five families, six genera Arthrobacter, Brevundimonas, Granulicatella, Kocuria, Neisseria, and Streptococcus, as well as seven species. The most abundant isolates were N. perflava (n=5) and S. salivarius (n=3). The identified bacteria were arranged in four branches of a phylogenetic tree. No association was found between bacteria and demographic characteristics. Conclusion: Identifying the factors involved in dental infections is an effective approach to prevention. In this study, 11 bacterial isolates from dental plaque and 2 bacterial isolates from tooth decay were identified and no strains from the root specimens were identified. The discrepancy between plaque bacteria and caries may be due to the small sample size and microbiological methods used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Detection of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis by Nested PCR in dairy cattles suspected to john’s disease
Abbas Doosti Saadat MoshkelaniBackgorund and Objectives: Johne’s disease is a chronic intestinal disease of domestic and wild ruminants that is caused by Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. So that Mycobacterium paratuberculosis is a widespread zoonotic disease, necessary to use prevention and con MoreBackgorund and Objectives: Johne’s disease is a chronic intestinal disease of domestic and wild ruminants that is caused by Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. So that Mycobacterium paratuberculosis is a widespread zoonotic disease, necessary to use prevention and control methods to eliminate this agent matter needs the attention of corresponding managers. The aim of this study is base on use of Nested PCR as an accurate and rapid method to detection of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis bovine feces. Material and Methods: Fecal samples from 120 dairy cattle were collected and DNA extraction was performed from the samples. Then, samples were evaluated with specific primers for the Mycobacterium paratuberculosis-specific IS900 gene by Nested-PCR assay. Finally, PCR products were electrophoresis on agarose gel. Results: In total, from 120 samples were enrolled in this study, 22 specimen (18.33%) were found positive on the basis of Nested-PCR analysis. Conclusion: Nested PCR technique is considered as a fast, reliable and affordable assay to detect Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - The International Obligations and Responsibility of States for Access to Treatment and Vaccines for Emerging Global Diseases; Study Case: Covid-19
shahin Mozaheri Jebeli mohsen mohebi mohamadreza alipoorField and Aims: International responsibility, as one of the most basic international legal institutions, creates rights and obligations for members of the international community, especially governments, which provides the basis for the establishment of the rule of law MoreField and Aims: International responsibility, as one of the most basic international legal institutions, creates rights and obligations for members of the international community, especially governments, which provides the basis for the establishment of the rule of law in the international community. In this regard, he first discussed the nature of human rights, the right to access medicine and vaccines, and examined the obligations and role of international community cooperation in dealing with and controlling global diseases, including Covid-19, and then examined the international responsibility of governments towards Violation of obligations related to access to treatment and vaccines for global diseases for people under their sovereign authority has been discussed and subsequently the international responsibility of governments in the field of dealing with newly emerging diseases, including Covid-19, is discussed. Method: The present research has been scrutinized, analyzed, and investigated using a descriptive and analytical method based on documentary studies with a survey tool. Findings and Conclusion: International Health Regulations (2005) along with some rules of the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (1994), the core of the obligations between international organization of governments to control and deal with global diseases, including covid-19, and on the other hand, paying attention to the importance of the cooperation of governments in dealing with global diseases, commitment It is against the international community and neglect and negligence on the part of the governments in this field, including treatment, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - The structure of the rentier government in Iran and the collapse of the Pahlavi government
Mehdi Majd Alireza SoltaniIn Iran, since the beginning of oil exploration, the governments have not been able to properly exploit oil. If the oil revenues are not used properly, a rentier government will be formed and the Dutch disease will plague the national economy. The peak of the rentier go MoreIn Iran, since the beginning of oil exploration, the governments have not been able to properly exploit oil. If the oil revenues are not used properly, a rentier government will be formed and the Dutch disease will plague the national economy. The peak of the rentier government can be seen between 1353 and 1356. The Pahlavi government was a rentier state because it regularly received huge amounts of foreign rent. Therefore, Iran's oil revenues have little connection with the domestic economy and the domestic labor force. In fact, with the increase in oil revenues, the Pahlavi regime's independence from the domestic society reached such a degree that the government began to change the social structure and created support groups for itself and created supporting groups for himself and weakened opposing social groups such as marketers and clerics, which was one of the reasons for the formation of the Islamic Revolution in Iran. Therefore, the question of this article is what effect did the structure of the rentier government have on the collapse of the Pahlavi government? And it is also the hypothesis that following the increase of oil revenues of the Pahlavi government by creating an absolute political structure and destroying the capacities and foundations of the production-oriented economy and based on tax revenues, it provided the basis for political, social and economic dissatisfaction and ultimately the collapse of the political system. This article is written in an analytical and descriptive way and its information is collected in a library way. In the end, the conclusion has been reached that the oil-owning countries, especially Iran, have no way to restore their economy except to exit from the single-product economy and increase tax revenues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - Comparison of feelings of shame, hostility and rumination in people with HIV according to the method of contracting the disease
Farzaneh Hajizadeh Farnaz Keshavarzi Arshadi Fariba Hasani Mitra SafaResearch HIV patients experience negative emotions such as shame, hostility and rumination after learning about their disease. These emotions cause isolation and endangering the health of patients. In this research, an attempt was made to examine emotions such as shame, MoreResearch HIV patients experience negative emotions such as shame, hostility and rumination after learning about their disease. These emotions cause isolation and endangering the health of patients. In this research, an attempt was made to examine emotions such as shame, hostility and rumination in patients according to the method of infection. The method of the study is descriptive, causal-comparative, which was conducted in 2017. 100 patients with HIV participated in the study through targeted sampling. The questionnaires include Cook's internalized shame questionnaire (1993), Redford's hostility (1998) and rumination (Tranpel and Campbell 1999), which were completed by the sample group. Analysis of variance was used to analyze the data and the findings showed that men suffering from joint injection method suffered from more shame (P<0.05). In the comparison of hostility and the method of infection, no significant difference was observed between them, but all the participants had experienced the feeling of anger. Patients who were infected with the common injection method have more negative self-evaluation in rumination. (P<0.01) The results showed that the feeling of shame and rumination of negative self-evaluation is different according to the method of infection in patients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - The Relationship between Stock Returns and Return Fluctuations with the Liquidity of the Stock Market of Companies Listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the Outbreak of the Corona Virus
Zahra Hooshmand Naqabi Hossein Eslami Mofid Abadi Mohammed AghasiAbstract The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between stock returns and volatility with the liquidity of the stock market during the outbreak of the Corona disease in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The resear MoreAbstract The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between stock returns and volatility with the liquidity of the stock market during the outbreak of the Corona disease in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The research method is descriptive, in terms of practical purpose and in terms of the type of post-event information collection. The statistical population of this research includes all the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange, which have been determined using the systematic sampling and elimination method for the period between 2018 and 2019, which is 133 companies. Multivariate regression analysis and statistical tests such as Durbin-Watson, Shapiro, Dickey and variance inflation factor have been used to analyze the data and test the research hypotheses. Finally, Fisher's test was used to check the significance of the regression line equation, and Student's t-test was used to check the significance of the coefficients. The data related to research variables after being collected in Excel software have been analyzed using the statistical software Eviews. The results of the hypothesis test showed that there is a significant direct relationship between stock returns and fluctuations with the liquidity of the stock market during the outbreak of the Corona disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - Diagnosing skin disease using deep features based on artificial intelligence
Hassan Masoumi Fatemeh Mosalanejad Mehdi Taghizadeh Mohammad GhanbarianMisdiagnosis of skin diseases is a common occurrence. Psoriasis is a skin disease that has many similarities with other diseases, and its incorrect diagnosis causes many problems in the treatment process. Misdiagnosis of this disease causes doctors to face problems duri MoreMisdiagnosis of skin diseases is a common occurrence. Psoriasis is a skin disease that has many similarities with other diseases, and its incorrect diagnosis causes many problems in the treatment process. Misdiagnosis of this disease causes doctors to face problems during treatment. The lack of images of the disease and the database of skin diseases reduces the diagnosis and the coordination of diagnostic methods, therefore, diagnosis using different images is very useful. Today, diagnosis methods using deep features in medical images have received much attention. Artificial intelligence is one of the automatic methods of diagnosis. These methods can detect new data entering the system and keep it in memory. Therefore, in this article, two different groups of data have been identified using deep features based on artificial intelligence. In this method, the data of the first group in the form of training and testing and the data of the second group are studied gradually. If they are correctly identified, the next 0.1 chunks of data enter the network without testing. If they are wrongly recognized, they enter the training section and this reduces the training process. In this work, by training 20% of the data, i.e. the first 10% and the fourth 10%, there was no need for training because the accuracy was not less than98%. In this article, deep features of images were first extracted using convolutional neural network, and then psoriasis and eczema were diagnosed with average accuracy of98.3%and sensitivity of 97.9% in skin images using artificial intelligence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - Estimation of a model for predicting the trend of digital currencies (Bitcoin, Ethereum) in the corona and post-corona periods with the help of time series
Seyed Ramin Saeedi nezhad sina lalehAfter the broadcast world and the epidemic of pandemic covid-19 was a severe economic crisis, For this reason, the need for more prediction became apparent. One of these methods is time series prediction. In this study, first, the effect of covid-19 disease on price of MoreAfter the broadcast world and the epidemic of pandemic covid-19 was a severe economic crisis, For this reason, the need for more prediction became apparent. One of these methods is time series prediction. In this study, first, the effect of covid-19 disease on price of Ethereum and Bitcoin, and the results show that this disease had a negative effect on world prices of Ethereum and Bitcoin. In the next step, using univariate time series methods and with the help of ARIMA models, a model for predicting which is the best model AR (1) and MA(1) and time differentiation was designed, the one-year and two-year forecasts were done with the designed model. According to the reports of the World Health Organization, there is probably corona pandamic for up to one year, and For the next two years, Corona has emerged from a pandemic is called the post-corona period. The results show that After a short decline and reacting to resistance and support, they will have an annual upward trend. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - Optimal Control of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Model using Variational Iteration Method
Devipriya Ganeshan L. Jane Darne -
Open Access Article
171 - A Model of Coronavirus Pandemic Spread with Lockdown and Quarantine
Dejen Mamo -
Open Access Article
172 - Effective Factors in Little Leaf Disease on Pistachio Trees
M. Afrousheh F. Aghamir Mohammad Ali -
Open Access Article
173 - Inhibition of Trichoderma Species from Growth and Zoospore Production of Phytophthora Drechsleri and Their Effects on Hydrolytic Enzymes
S. Jamali N. Panjehkeh A.H. Mohammadi -
Open Access Article
174 - Pharmaceutical Uses of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) for Neuropsychological Disorders
HOSSEIN ALI ASADI-GHARNEH HOSSEIN ALI ASADI-GHARNEH -
Open Access Article
175 - بررسی اثرات لوامیزول هیدروکلراید بر پاسخ ایمنی هومورال جوجه های گوشتی واکسینه شده علیه بیماری بورس عفونی
ارژنگ مختارزاده مهدی رضائیبیماری بورس عفونی (IBD) به عنوان یکی از عوامل تضعیف کننده سیستم ایمنی است که خسارت اقتصادی شدید به صنعت طیور وارد می کند. هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی اثرات تحریکی و تقویتی لوامیزول هیدروکلراید بر سیستم ایمنی جوجه های گوشتی واکسینه شده بر علیه بیماری بورس Moreبیماری بورس عفونی (IBD) به عنوان یکی از عوامل تضعیف کننده سیستم ایمنی است که خسارت اقتصادی شدید به صنعت طیور وارد می کند. هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی اثرات تحریکی و تقویتی لوامیزول هیدروکلراید بر سیستم ایمنی جوجه های گوشتی واکسینه شده بر علیه بیماری بورس عفونی می باشد. تعداد 108 قطعه جوجه یک روزه (Ross308) به سه گروه با در نظر گرفتن 18 جوجه در هر گروه، تقسیم شدند. گروه اول، لوامیزول هیدروکلراید خوراکی از روز اول تا پایان دوره پرورش و گروه دوم، لوامیزول هیدروکلراید خوراکی همزمان با واکسن بیماری بورس عفونی از روز 19 تا پایان دوره پرورش تجویز شد. گروه سوم (شاهد) هیچ دارویی مصرف نکردند. نمونه خون از هر گروه در روز 29 و 40 برای تست الایزا و درصد لنفوسیتهای خون گرفته شد. نتایج آماری بیانگر تفاوت معنی داری تاثیر داروی لوامیزول هیدروکلراید در گروه اول و دوم در قیاس با گروه کنترل بود (0/05<P). وزن بورس کلواکی و طحال در گروه های مورد مطالعه نسبت به گروه کنترل در پایان دوره افزایش یافت. با توجه به نتایج، می توان نتیجه گرفت که لوامیزول هیدروکلراید می تواند اثر ایمنی واکسن IBD را تقویت کند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Cardiac Markers among Male Cement Workers in Calabar, Nigeria
Iya Eze Bassey Uwem Okon Akpan Emono Dankano Nehemiah Renen Arekong Onyinyechi Lauretta Okonkwo Alphonsus Ekpe Udoh -
Open Access Article
177 - Cardiovascular Disease risk Factors in Male Cigarette Smokers in Calabar, Southern Nigeria
Iya Eze Bassey Uwem Okon Akpan Ifeyinwa Maryann Okafor Imeobong Joseph Inyang Oko Eze -
Open Access Article
178 - Review of Recent Advances in Treatment of Celiac Disease Using Enzymatic Gluten Degradation
Mansooreh Hooshiyar Gholam Hossein Ebrahimi Pour Mohammad Rostami-Nejad Fahimeh Sadat Gholam-Mostafaei Kaveh Baghaei Alireza Emadi Vahid Khalaj -
Open Access Article
179 - Comparing the Efficacy of Two Copper Fungicides in Controlling Peach Leaf Curl Disease
Zohreh Jahani Hossein Abadi Mahdi Mohammadi Moghadam Hojjatollah Rabbani Nasab Hamid Namvar Hamzanlue Majid Aldaghi Hossein Khabbaz-JolfaeePeach leaf curl disease, caused by Taphrina deformans (Berk.) Tul., is one of the most serious peach diseases, causing quantitative and qualitative damage to crops across Iran each year. In current study, the efficacy of two new fungicides, Badge®WG280 and Barzidox®WP85 MorePeach leaf curl disease, caused by Taphrina deformans (Berk.) Tul., is one of the most serious peach diseases, causing quantitative and qualitative damage to crops across Iran each year. In current study, the efficacy of two new fungicides, Badge®WG280 and Barzidox®WP85%, was evaluated in controlling peach leaf curl disease. The experiment was conducted in Golestan, Semnan and North Khorasan using a randomized complete block design with ten treatments and four replications. Treatments included 0.75, 1, and 1.2 ml l-1 of Badge®WG280 (copper hydroxid+copper oxychloride), 2, 4, and 6 g.l-1 of Barzidox®WP85% (copperoxychloride), 2.5 ml l-1 of Nordox®WG75% (copperoxide(, 3 g l-1 of Captan, and controls (with and without water spraying). Treatments were applied at three physiological stages (the first in autumn after the leaves had fallen, the second at the end of March before the bud had swollen, and the third after the petals had dropped). Disease incidence and severity percentage were determined. Duncan's multiple range test was used to compare the mean disease severity and incidence percentages. The results showed that 6g l-1 of Barzidox® had the highest efficacy in reducing disease severity compared to the control in Golestan and Semnan provinces, with 81% and 80% respectively. Furthermore, the best performance of two indicator fungicides, Nordox® and Captan were 73% and 72% in Golestan province and 67% and 68%, in Semnan province, respectively. According to the results, it is concluded that 1.2ml.l-1 of Badge® and 4g.l-1 of Barzidox® have the best efficiency in controlling the peach leaf curl disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - Trace Element Imbalance in Patients with Combined Digestive and Renal Pathology Complicated with COVID-19
Olexandr M. Naumenko Valentyna O. Moyseyenko -
Open Access Article
181 - People with High Irritability; A Qualitative Study on Patients with COVID-19 in Iran
Zahra Shahvari Parvin Salari Khadijeh Asady Chahar Rah Gashin -
Open Access Article
182 - An Investigation of Creatine Kinase Enzyme (CKMB) and Cholesterol in Type 1 and2 Diabetic Mellitus in Gonbad'e Kavoos
N. Arabsarhaddi N. Masoudian H. Abbaspour E. Naghipoor M. FakhreddinnejadThe person who suffered from type 1 and type 2 Diabetics are more deserved to cardiovascular disease. High ratio of morbidity and mortality can be attributed to the cardiovascular diseases. Measuring CKMB's level along with CPK is considered as specialized test to diagn MoreThe person who suffered from type 1 and type 2 Diabetics are more deserved to cardiovascular disease. High ratio of morbidity and mortality can be attributed to the cardiovascular diseases. Measuring CKMB's level along with CPK is considered as specialized test to diagnose the cardiovascular damages and also to determine the possibility of myocardial attacks. The present study aimed to compare the level of CKMB and cholesterol in type 1 with type 2 diabetics. Population is consisted of diabetic's persons in Gonbad Kavoos. One hundred diabetic (50 persons type 1 and fifty person type 2) were selected as experiment group and 50 healthy persons were selected as control group. After separating blood plasma and measuring its level of glucose, cholesterol and CKMB, the spectrophotometer and auto analyzer were used to read the data. The data were analyzed by SAS. The results have shown that the level of cholesterol in type 1 diabetics was higher than type 2. Also, CKMB in type 2 diabetic male is higher than type 1 diabetic male but the level of CKMB in type 1 and type 2diabetics female was nearly the same. The results also have shown that the level of glucose in type 1 diabetics (both male and female) was higher than type 2. According to the obtained result it may be concluded that higher rate of glucose, cholesterol and CKMB in type 1 diabetics than the type 2 is related to the higher rate of morbidity and mortality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - The Effect of Treadmill Exercise and Curcumin on Catalepsy Reserpine-induced Parkinsonian Male Rat Models
R. Mohammadi رامش احمدی AhmadiParkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurologically based movement disorder, clinically diagnosed by the presence of bradykinesia, postural instability, resting tremor and rigidity. Curcumin is a natural polyphenol derived from turmeric that has a neuroprotective MoreParkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurologically based movement disorder, clinically diagnosed by the presence of bradykinesia, postural instability, resting tremor and rigidity. Curcumin is a natural polyphenol derived from turmeric that has a neuroprotective role in many neuronal degenerative disorders. Studies indicate that exercise may have beneficial effects on neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the effects of curcumin together with treadmill running on animal model of PD. In this study, 48 Wistar rats were divided in 8 groups (control, curcumin, exercise, Parkinson's disease, Parkinson's disease+ curcumin, Parkinson's disease+ curcumin + exercise, Parkinson's disease+ exercise and curcumin + exercise).Parkinson's disease was induced by injection of reserpine (1mg/kg, i.p) for 2days. The bar-test was used to measure cataleptic symptoms. Each of animals in the curcumin groups was given injection of curcumin (50 mg/kg, i.p) for 21 days. All animals in the exercise group were forced to run on a motorized treadmill (24 m/min for 20 min, 5 day/week), for 3 week. SPSS software was used for analyzing data by using of analysis of variance that it was performed at a significance level of p≤0.05. Catalepsy had no significant difference between the group of curcumin + Parkinson's disease+ exercise and Parkinson's disease+ curcumin and Parkinson's disease+ exercise. curcumin can reduce catalepsy induced by reserpine in male rat's model of Parkinson's disease. But its reducing effect isn't as effect of exercise. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - The Neuroprotective Effect of Xanthone and 6-Hydroxyflavone in the Model of Parkinson's Disease Induced by 6-Hydroxydopamine in Laboratory Mice: Behavioral Evaluations
Mahshid Attari Maryam Khosravi Ramin Hajikhani Maryam Bananaj Jalal SolatiOxidative stress and neuroinflammation play a role in Parkinson's disease. Antioxidants and anti-inflammatories such as polyphenol compounds and flavonoids inhibit neuronal death. The aim of the present study is the effect of xanthone and 6-hydroxyflavone in Parkinson's MoreOxidative stress and neuroinflammation play a role in Parkinson's disease. Antioxidants and anti-inflammatories such as polyphenol compounds and flavonoids inhibit neuronal death. The aim of the present study is the effect of xanthone and 6-hydroxyflavone in Parkinson's disease in laboratory mice. Animals are cannulated by stereotaxic surgery and unilateral injection of 6-hydroxy-dopamine is performed in the dense area of the substantia nigra (SNc) of the brain. Xanthone and 6-hydroxyflavone were injected intraperitoneally. Three weeks after surgery, movement evaluations and pseudo-anxiety and pseudo-depression behaviors were performed. Counting of all the neurons in the dense area of the substantia nigra was done. Injection of 6-hydroxydopamine increased the number of apomorphine rotations. Catalysis time increased. Neurons in the substantia nigra decreased. 6-Hydroxyflavone (50 and 100 mg/kg) and xanthone (100 and 200 mg/kg) reduced vertigo and catalepsy. In the elevated plus shape maze test, 6-hydroxyflavone in doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg and xanthone in doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg increased motor activity. In the forced swimming test, xanthone in doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg reduced immobility in parkinsonian rats. The number of substantia nigra neurons increased with the treatment of 6-hydroxyflavone in doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg xanthone. Xanthone and 6-hydroxyflavone improved movement disorder and catalepsy and increased the number of nerve cells in the substantia nigra. Xanthon was able to reduce depression. Probably, part of these central protective effects are mediated by the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of xanthone and 6-hydroxyflavone, which prevent cell death by reducing free radicals and inflammatory cytokines, and as a result, they improve cognitive and movement disorders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - The Effect of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles on Oxidative Stress in a Parkinson's Model of Male Rats
Hoda Ghorbani moghaddam Akram Eidi Pejman Mortazavi Shahrbanoo OryanSince limited studies have evaluated the antioxidant effects of magnesium oxide nanoparticles on Parkinson's disease, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MON) on oxidative stress in the Parkinson's model in mice. In this MoreSince limited studies have evaluated the antioxidant effects of magnesium oxide nanoparticles on Parkinson's disease, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MON) on oxidative stress in the Parkinson's model in mice. In this experimental study, 54 adult male rats were divided into nine groups of six, including: healthy control group, parkinsonian control group receiving 6-hydroxydopamine in the lateral ventricle, sham group receiving normal saline and healthy experimental group receiving magnesium oxide nanoparticles in doses of 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg and experimental Parkinson's groups that in addition to inducing Parkinson's, received magnesium oxide nanoparticles in doses of 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg. Administration of nanoparticles was intraperitoneal for 30 days. After that, oxidative stress parameters MDA, CAT and SOD were measured in the brain tissue. The results of the present study showed that treatment with magnesium oxide nanoparticles significantly reduced the amount of oxidative stress parameters in the brain tissue (p < 0.05). Magnesium oxide nanoparticle treatment in doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg decreased MDA in parkinsonian groups compared to parkinsonian control animals. Also, the treatment of magnesium oxide nanoparticles in doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg in the parkinsonian group caused a significant increase in the activity of SOD and CAT enzymes compared to parkinsonian control animals. As a result, it can be said that magnesium oxide nanoparticle can play a promising role with its effectiveness in reducing oxidative stress processes in Parkinson's model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - Evaluating the Effect of Salvia Macilenta Extract on CREB Protein Level and Acetylcholine Esterase Activity in the Brain of Alzheimer’s Disease in Male Rats
Shabnam Taheri Hooman Shajiee Ghorbangol Ashabi Soolmaz KhalifehAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease leading to dementia. There are many studies to find the pretreatment and treating drugs in AD. The neuroprotective role of Salvia genus against neuronal death is well known. In this study, the protective role MoreAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease leading to dementia. There are many studies to find the pretreatment and treating drugs in AD. The neuroprotective role of Salvia genus against neuronal death is well known. In this study, the protective role of Salvia macilenta (S. macilenta) extract on AD was investigated. Rats were gavaged by S. macilenta for 10 days. Then, they were injected by Amyloid beta. The molecular level of Ca2+/cAMP response element binding (CREB), and acetylcholine esterase activity were evaluated in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Our results revealed that S. macilenta pretreatment can improve CREB phosphorylation compared to AD model in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus (both P<0.001). Pretreatment with S. macilenta reduced percentage of acetylcholine esterase activity compared to AD model in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus (P<0.001 and P<0.01, respectively). S. macilenta has a protective role against amyloid beta-induced toxicity through enhancement of CREB and regulation of the acetylcholine esterase activity that can be a dominant potential candidate in improving AD. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - The Effect of Endurance Training Before Induction of Alzheimers on Learning Memory and the Changes in Hippocampal Gamma-secretasein Male Wistar Rats
Sajjad Rajabi Amiri Alireza Barari Ahmad AbdiThis study aimed to investigate the effect of endurance training before induction of Alzheimers on learning, Memory and changes in the hippocampal gamma-secretase in male Wistar rats. For this purpose, 32 8-week-old mature male rats with the avergae weight of 250& MoreThis study aimed to investigate the effect of endurance training before induction of Alzheimers on learning, Memory and changes in the hippocampal gamma-secretase in male Wistar rats. For this purpose, 32 8-week-old mature male rats with the avergae weight of 250±17g were randomly divided into two groups of rest (16) and exercise (16) beore Alzheimers induction. After 4 weeks (two 15-min intervals with the speed of 10 m/min in first and second weeks, three 15-min intervals with the speed of 15 m/min in the third week,and four 15-min intervals with the speed of 15 m/min in the fourth week, with 5-min stops), each group was divided into two subgroups: 1. Amyloid beta injection, and 2. no injection. After 72 hours, the animals were killed and their hippocampus was removed. The changes of gamma secretase were measured by Real Time PCR and the obtaiend data analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Morris learning and memory test revealed a significant difference between the time elapsed for finding the platform in different groups on the second (p = 0.001, F = 10.758), third (p ≥ 0.001, p = 0.0057) and the fourth days (p = 0.001, F = 4.846). The time elapsed for finding the platform in the rest-injection group Aβ1-42 was significantly longer than the other gorups on all days (p ≥ 0.001). The results of probe test for spatial memory showed that the time spent in the quadrant of the target circle was significantly different for different groups (p = 0.001, F = 9.25). Also, gamma secretase was significantly decreased in the exercise group compared to rest group after Alzheimers induction (p = 0.001). Aerobic exercise before Alzheimers induction leads to a decrease in gamma-secretase and increase in learning and Memory, and it may lead to hyppocampal plasticity that brings about cognitive and functional benefits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - Comparative Effect of Timolol and Methanolic Extract of Zataria multiflora with Vitamin E on APO E Gene Expression and Behavioral and Biochemical Changes in Alzheimer's Rats
Samira Homayoun Pour Maryam Bananej Maryam Khosravi Hengameh AlibeikAlzheimer's Disease is the most common form of dementia, characterized by memory and cognitive deficits. Vitamin E, as an antioxidant, plays an important role in reviving free radicals and converting them into safe substances by giving hydrogen. Shirazi thyme (Zataria m MoreAlzheimer's Disease is the most common form of dementia, characterized by memory and cognitive deficits. Vitamin E, as an antioxidant, plays an important role in reviving free radicals and converting them into safe substances by giving hydrogen. Shirazi thyme (Zataria multiflora) has antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study is the comparative effect of timolol with methanol extract of Zataria multiflora with vitamin E on Alzheimer's disease in male Wistar rats. 40 male Wistar rats weighing approximately 200 grams were randomly divided into 5 groups of eight. Beta-amyloid 42 was used to induce Alzheimer's disease. Then, methanolic and timolol extracts were extracted from Zataria multiflora. The level of Apo E gene expression was evaluated by Real Time PCR and TC, LDL and HD biochemical factors. The expression of Apo E gene in the experimental groups increased significantly compared to the Alzheimer's group. The expression of this gene was decreased in the sham group compared to the control group. The group of Alzheimer's mice had a significant increase in total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) serum levels, and the level of HDL showed a significant decrease compared to the control group. Timolol, m ethanolic extract of Zataria multiflora and vitamin E have positive effects on the expression of APOA E gene in leukocytes. On the other hand, with a significant effect on HDL, the methanolic extract of Zataria multiflora can be used as an effective product to prevent and reduce the complications of Alzheimer's disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - The Pycnogenol Improves Motor Function and Anxiety Behavior in 6-hydroaydoamine (6-OHDA)-induced Experimental Model of Parkinson’s Disease in NMRI Male Mice
Farajollah Jafari Mahdi Goudarzvand Ramin Hajikhani Mostafa Qorbani Jalal SolatiConsidering the role of oxidants in the pathogenesis of this disease, in this study, the effect of pycnogenol as an antioxidant on the improvement of motor function and anxiety behavior in the experimental model of Parkinson’s disease were assessed. Forty male NMR MoreConsidering the role of oxidants in the pathogenesis of this disease, in this study, the effect of pycnogenol as an antioxidant on the improvement of motor function and anxiety behavior in the experimental model of Parkinson’s disease were assessed. Forty male NMRI mice were randomly divided into five groups (n=8 in each group): The control (saline) unilaterally received 3 μl of normal saline solution containing 0.1% ascorbic acid, as a solvent of 6-hydroxy dopamine (6-OHDA), into the left strianum. The treatment group received 6-OHDA toxin containing 1% ascorbic acid at a rate of 3 µg/µl in the left striatum and then received the distilled water, as pycnogenol solvent, via gavage for 7 days (the lesion group). The pycnogenol-treated groups received pycnogenol at doses of 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg via gavage for 7 days. The animals were stereotaxically operated to inject 6-OHDA toxin into the left striatum. Seven days after induction of Parkinson’s model, apomorphine was intraperitoneally used at dose of 0.5 mg/kg and the number of rotation of the animals was measured to confirm the damage to neurons in the striatum. Besides, the catalepsy or muscle stiffness by the bar test and the anxiety behavior by the plus maze test (EPM) were measured. The total number of rotations in apomorphine test showed a significant decrease in the groups receiving pycnogenol. Moreover, administration of pycnogenol significantly reduced catalepsy in pycnogenol-treated groups. The result of the anxiety behavior test demonstrated that the percentage of open arm time (OAT) and the number of open and close arm entries, as an indicator of the animal’s locomotor activity, significantly increased in the pycnogenol-treated groups. Pycnogenol with its antioxidant effect ameliorates movement deficit and reduces anxiety behavior in animal model of Parkinson’s disease.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - The effect of Nerolidol on the Superoxide Dismutase Enzyme Levels and mRNA Expression of CREB-1 Gene in Alzheimer's Model of Male Wistar Rats
Peyman Taheri Hajebrahimi Zahra Parichehreh Yaghmaei K. ParivarAlzheimer's is the most important cause of neurological deterioration among elderly people, which is accompanied by the formation of amyloid plaques in the hippocampus region of the brain. One of the most important factors causing and progressing the disease is inflamma MoreAlzheimer's is the most important cause of neurological deterioration among elderly people, which is accompanied by the formation of amyloid plaques in the hippocampus region of the brain. One of the most important factors causing and progressing the disease is inflammation and oxidative stress. Nerolidol with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties is one of the secondary metabolites in some plants. CREB is one of the gene transcription factors that play a significant role in hippocampal neurons. The present study aimed to study the effect of nerolidol on the expression changes of the CREB-1 gene and superoxide dismutase enzyme in Alzheimer's model induced by beta-amyloid in male Wistar rats. The number of 48 male Wistar rats were divided into 8 groups including control, sham, Alzheimer's model, drug solvent, Alzheimer's with donepezil, Alzheimer's with nerolidol dose 50 and 100 mg/kg and protective group (treatment with nerolidol before induction of Alzheimer's). Biochemical analysis of the hippocampus, Real-Time PCR, and statistical analysis of data were performed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test. Alzheimer's disease decreased CREB-1 gene expression and superoxide dismutase enzyme levels in the hippocampus. Donepezil and nerolidol, especially in the 100 dose and protective group, reduced Alzheimer's symptoms by increasing CREB-1 gene expression and superoxide dismutase enzyme levels. These findings indicate the antioxidant properties of nerolidol. Therefore, nerolidol may be effective in improving Alzheimer's disease and the damage caused by it, and it can probably be effective in preventing Alzheimer's in susceptible people with a family history of Alzheimer's. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - The Comparison Study of TNF-α Level in Serum and Brain Tissue in Wistar Alzheimer's Rats Treated with Probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacter Strains
Bahareh Jamalzadeh Posht Mesari Maryam Ghobeh Parichehr Yaghmaee Hanieh JafaryAlzheimer's disease is a type of brain dysfunction that gradually weakens the patient's mental abilities. Numerous studies have shown that inflammatory mechanisms also play a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. In this regard, targeting TNF-α usin MoreAlzheimer's disease is a type of brain dysfunction that gradually weakens the patient's mental abilities. Numerous studies have shown that inflammatory mechanisms also play a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. In this regard, targeting TNF-α using its inhibitors can be an effective therapeutic strategy in controlling and treating such diseases. The purpose of this study was a comparison study of TNF-α levels in blood serum and brain tissue in Wistar Alzheimer ҆s rats treated with probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacter strains by ELISA. The number of amyloid plaques was also counted. For this purpose, 30 adults male Wistar rats were randomly distributed to 5 groups as follows (n = 6): The control group included animals receiving normal water; the Alzheimer's group who underwent surgery and became Alzheimer 's-induced by injection of beta-amyloid; Sham group who underwent surgery and was injected with water (beta-amyloid solvent); two experimental groups who underwent Alzheimer's surgery with beta-amyloid injection and each group received probiotic strains Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Bifidobacterium longum separately at a dose of 2.5 × 109 CFU at 0.5 CC by gavage for one month. The results demonstrated that both strains, especially Bifidobacterium longum, were able to significantly (p < 0.001) reduce the amount of TNF-α in brain tissue and blood serum compared to the Alzheimer's group. Also, both strains, especially strain Bifidobacterium longum, showed notable capability of inhibiting amyloid plaques. Therefore, it seems that two probiotic strains Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Bifidobacterium longum can be good candidates to reduce the level of TNF-α in both blood serum and brain tissue and also the number of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's-induced rats. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - The Effect of Cineole on Biochemical, Behavioral and Histological Parameters in Alzheimer’s Male Wistar Rat Model
Elnaz Khameneh Parichehreh Yaghmaei Maryam GhobehThe Alzheimer’s disease is one of the neurodegenerative diseases affecting many individuals around the world with no definitive cure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cineole, as a natural antioxidant, on the behavioral, biochemical, and hist MoreThe Alzheimer’s disease is one of the neurodegenerative diseases affecting many individuals around the world with no definitive cure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cineole, as a natural antioxidant, on the behavioral, biochemical, and histological symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease in Wistar rats. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to six groups. The control group underwent any surgery with no special treatment. The other groups underwent surgery and were assigned to four beta-amyloid groups: one group receiving PBS (beta-amyloid solvent); the sham group was treated with tween 80 (cineole solvent) and the two experimental groups were treated with cineole at 0.02 and 0.04 mg/kg doses. The control group, the Alzheimer’s group and the PBS group did not receive any treatments. Finally, behavioral (Shuttle box), biochemical (malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase, TNF-α) and histological parameters (H&E and Thioflavine S staining) were investigated. In Alzheimer’s-induced rats, the time it took for the rats to go to the dark part of the shuttle box was significantly (p < 0.001) shorter than that of the control group. The levels of malondialdehyde and TNF-α in these rats were significantly increased and the level of superoxide dismutase was significantly decreased compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Furthermore, histological studies showed that in Alzheimer’s-induced rats, neuronal cell death occurred extensively in the hippocampus and amyloid plaques increased. Treatment of rats with cineole improved all of the investigated parameters significantly in a dose-dependent manner. Cineole may be used as a suitable natural antioxidant to treat Alzheimer’s disease and reduce its symptoms, requiring further research. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - Comparison the Effects of Vitamin E and Propolis on Interleukin-5 and STAT1 Gene Expression in Wistar Rats with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Saeede Baarforoush Maryam Bananaj Ramin Hajikhani Hengameh AlibeikNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing health concern worldwide. Unfortunately, scientists have not succeeded in finding a suitable treatment method for this disease, and more research is needed. Studies have shown that treatment with antioxidants is effe MoreNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing health concern worldwide. Unfortunately, scientists have not succeeded in finding a suitable treatment method for this disease, and more research is needed. Studies have shown that treatment with antioxidants is effective in this disease. In this study, the effect of two different antioxidants on NAFLD induced in male Wistar rats was evaluated. This study was conducted on 32 male Wistar rats weighing 200 grams, which were randomly divided into four groups of eight. Mice were fed by gavage with high-fat emulsion at the rate of 2 mg/kg for 40 days. After suffering from fatty liver, the level of interleukin-5 (IL-5) in the serum was measured and also the expression level of STAT1 gene was determined using real-time PCR. The results showed that the level of serum IL-5 in the patient group significantly increased compared to the control group, and the treatment groups with vitamin E and propolis, significantly decreased the level of interleukin-5 compared to the patient group (p < 0.05). In addition, the greatest decrease was related to the propolis group (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the level of STAT1 gene expression in the fatty liver group is significantly increased compared to the control group (p < 0.05); Whereas, after treatment with antioxidants, the expression of this gene decreased (p < 0.05). Based on the obtained results, the use of propolis and also vitamin E as natural antioxidants by reducing the inflammatory interleukin and also reducing the expression of genes effective in the formation of NAFLD, have a promising therapeutic role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - Therapeutic Effect of Sitagliptin and Berberine Interaction on Fatty Liver and Hepatic GLUT4 Gene Expression in Diabetic Male Rats
Soraya Mehrdoost Parichehreh Yaghmaei Hanieh Jafari Azadeh Ebrahim-HabibiFatty liver disease causes accumulation of excess fat in liver cells. Berberine has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and Sitagliptin is a DPP-4 inhibitor that increases the function of incretin hormones. In this study biological activities of Berberine and MoreFatty liver disease causes accumulation of excess fat in liver cells. Berberine has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and Sitagliptin is a DPP-4 inhibitor that increases the function of incretin hormones. In this study biological activities of Berberine and Sitagliptin for the treatment of fatty liver in diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated. The therapeutic effects of Sitagliptin and Berberine on fatty liver in diabetic rats by Alloxan injection with a single dose of 100 mg/kg were done with the following groups. Groups include 1: control (physiology serum as Alloxan solvent); 2: model (fatty liver + Alloxan); 3: Sitagliptin (fatty liver + Alloxan and Sitagliptin 10 mg/kg); 4: Berberine (fatty liver + Alloxan and Berberine 150mg/kg); 5: Berberine/Sitagliptin (fatty liver + Alloxan and Sitagliptin 5 mg/kg and Berberine 75 mg/kg). After the treatment, the liver tissue separated and weighed. Levels of Liver triglyceride, cholesterol and GLUT4 gene expression in liver tissue measured by real-time PCR method. The level of GLUT4 gene expression levels increased in the treatment groups compared to the model group, but a significant difference was seen only in the co-administration group with the model group (p < 0.05). There was a significant decrease in the amount of liver cholesterol in the treatment groups compared to the model group (p < 0.01). Hepatic triglyceride decreased in the treatment groups, but only in the co-administration group, a significant difference was seen with the model group (p < 0.05). Berberine and Sitagliptin, especially when prescribed together with the increased expression of GLUT4 and the reduction of liver cholesterol and triglycerides, have a favorable effect on lipid metabolism and can be considered as an effective treatment for hyperlipidemia and fatty liver. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - The Effect of Cinnamon Extract (Cinnamum zeylanicum) on Catalepsy in Male Mice Model of Parkinson's Disease
M. Mohammad Ali Mansouri A.A. Moazedi G.A. ParhamCatalepsy or muscle rigidity is a neurological disease characterized by muscle stiffness or rigidity of muscles, organs decreased sensitivity to pain and stability regardless of external stimuli-known and one of the main symptoms of Parkinson's disease is considered. Du MoreCatalepsy or muscle rigidity is a neurological disease characterized by muscle stiffness or rigidity of muscles, organs decreased sensitivity to pain and stability regardless of external stimuli-known and one of the main symptoms of Parkinson's disease is considered. Due to the increasing levels of acetylcholine in the brain, treatment is focused on the use of muscarinic receptor antagonists. Despite relieve the symptoms, there are severe side effects. In this study, the effect of cinnamon extract on catalepsy in mice model of Parkinson's disease was conducted. Overall, 70 male mice (30 ± 2 g) were randomly divided into seven groups: control group, rotenone solvent, rotenone group and 4 groups of rotenone, subsequent doses 100, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg cinnamon extract. To create models of Parkinson's disease, rotenone (2 mg/kg/ 48 h) was administered for 19 d and creating models of Parkinson's disease was evaluated. After verification of the model, different doses of cinnamon for 20 d (every 48 h) were injected intraperitoneally (IP). The effects of cinnamon extract on catalepsy was compared with other groups and the results were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test. PP<0.05). Cinnamon could reduce catalepsy in mice models of Parkinson's disease, probably due to antioxidant compounds and flavonoids and the impact of these compounds on the nervous system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - Comparing the Components between Parkinson's Disease Model in the Male Mice Induced by Rotenone
Mohammad Mohammad Ali Mansouri Ahmad Ali Moazedi Gholam Ali ParhamParkinson's disease (PD) is considered as a movement disorder, and its diagnosis is based on the presence of a set of cardinal motor symptoms. Since the pathogenesis of PD is not well understood today, the importance of the use of animal models to better understand PD a MoreParkinson's disease (PD) is considered as a movement disorder, and its diagnosis is based on the presence of a set of cardinal motor symptoms. Since the pathogenesis of PD is not well understood today, the importance of the use of animal models to better understand PD and its cure is discovered. We aimed to provide new evidence on the comparison effect of rotenone on the components of PD. Thirty male mice (30±2 gr) were randomly divided into 3 groups; control group, rotenone solvent group, and rotenone group (ROT). ROT was treated with rotenone injections (2 mg/kg/48 h) for 19 days. Thus, the components of balance, movement, muscle rigidity and muscle strength tested by rotarod, open-field, and triple horizontal bar, and save testing data to evaluate and compare the effects of rotenone on these components. Component of muscle strength in all groups affected more than other components (P<0.05). In the next degree of balance, movement and muscle rigidity were affected. Rotenone could affect components of PD model which improved muscle strength component and was better than that of the other components. Probably this subject, including the main features of rotenone creates an experimental model of Parkinson's disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - Effect of Ellagic Acid on Motor and Memory Disorders induced by 6-OHDA in Male Rats
Z. Eydipour M. RafieiradParkinson's disease is a prevalent neuropathological disorder induced due to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the dense part of substantia nigra. Oxidative stress is regarded as the main factor of this disease that causes death of neurons. Considering the pro MoreParkinson's disease is a prevalent neuropathological disorder induced due to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the dense part of substantia nigra. Oxidative stress is regarded as the main factor of this disease that causes death of neurons. Considering the protective antioxidative property of ellagic acid, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of ellagic acid on motor disorders and memory of animal model of Parkinson's disease. Forty male rats were divided into 5 groups. To create an animal model, the rats received 6-OHDA neural poison with dose of 8 µg in 2 µl of normal saline solution with 0.01% of ascorbic acid inside medial forebrain bundle (MFB) on the left side of the brain. The treatment groups received ellagic acid with doses of 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg for 14 d as gastric gavage and tests were conducted on the rats one day after the last gavage. Ellagic acid improves motor and memory disorders motor disorders and memory resulting from Parkinson's disease particularly at doses 50 mg/kg. Considering the present findings, ellagic acid has a protective effect on 6-OHDA in the experimental model of Parkinson's disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - Effect of nucleotides administration on growth and infectious disease resistance in aquatic animals
Habib Sarsangi Aliabad Recently, the use of dietary nucleotides has mentioned in aquaculture, due to improvement in immune system, increasing growth parameters and absorption in the intestine. In general, nucleotides nearly, affect all cellular processes and play an important rol More Recently, the use of dietary nucleotides has mentioned in aquaculture, due to improvement in immune system, increasing growth parameters and absorption in the intestine. In general, nucleotides nearly, affect all cellular processes and play an important role in structural and regulatory functions of the body. Nucleotides continuously are synthesis, degradation and recycling in the cell. The immune system cell such as lymphocytes, red blood cells, hematopoietic cells and intestinal mucosa due to rapid metabolism and fast reaction, also need to high level of nucleotide, have a very limited capacity for nucleotide synthesis. In these cells, exogenous nucleotide administration, is very important for normal functions. Over the past two decades, use of nucleotides in diets has been examined for improving the immune system against viruses, bacteria and parasites, liver function, increased levels of absorption in the intestine and growth, fat and protein metabolism, biochemical and physiological functions and improve the stress response in marine animals. In addition, these compounds are important to energy transmission. Their effect on maturation, activation and phagocytosis of macrophages in humans and animals have been reported. There is a little information about their physiological functions in fish and more research is needed in this area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - Investigation of Newcastle Disease viruses Antibody in rural Poultries of the Northern Provinces of Iran
abbas alemian seyied ali pourbakhsh Abdul-Hamid Shoushtari hadi keyvanfarRural poultry like commercial poultries are susceptible to most of infectious diseases. In addition, by increasing the density of poultry farming, the probability of disease occurrence has been increased. Among the most important diseases, Newcastle disease has most of MoreRural poultry like commercial poultries are susceptible to most of infectious diseases. In addition, by increasing the density of poultry farming, the probability of disease occurrence has been increased. Among the most important diseases, Newcastle disease has most of importance. Newcastle disease is endemic in Iran, and causes incidence of outbreaks among commercial and rural poultries, every year. The present study is conducted with the objective of figuring out the prevalence status and virus circulation among rural poultries of Northern provinces of Iran. In the study, 70 villages in 3 provinces (20 villages in Mazandaran, 20 villages in Golestan and 30 villages in Gilan Province) and a total of 1374 birds (600 birds in Mazandaran, 400 birds in Golestan, 374 birds in Gilan province) were sampled. A village considered as epidemiological unit. In the study, birds of 67 villages (96%) were found positive ( presence of antibodies against NDV) including Golestan Province, 28 villages (93.3%), Mazandaran Province, 19 villages (95%) and 20 villages of Gilan province (100%) Moreover, out of 1374 birds, 616 (45%) of them were seropositive against NDV. According to the results of this study, the rate of titer is very high in both levels of villages and level of birds. Such high rate of titer is indicative of continuous exposures of rural poultry of the mentioned provinces to Newcastle virus and high virus circulation rate of these viruses in the studied provinces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - Retrospective study of success rate of arthroplasty of hip joint in dog
H.R Fattahian فرخ Kabir حسام الدین Akbarein محمد Nasrollahzadeh Masouleh نیما Vazir بیتا VazirHip joint insuffciency (loss of function as a joint to transfer force) follows some causes as in congenital and traumatic conditions. Clinical signs depend on severity of joint involvement and degenerative changes. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine MoreHip joint insuffciency (loss of function as a joint to transfer force) follows some causes as in congenital and traumatic conditions. Clinical signs depend on severity of joint involvement and degenerative changes. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine and compare success rate of hip arthroplasty in referral toy and large breed dogs for 4 years. Eighty-four dogs with toy and large breed dogs less than one year old have been referred to small animal clinic with lameness, pain and loss of function on hind limb. Radiograph survey was prformed and revealed various changes in hip joint. Conservative and surgical treatments were carried out and followed up during two years period. All dogs tolerated head and neck resection of femur. In congenital cases, weight was not a determinant factor and there was not signifcant difference between DJD and outcome statistically, but in all congenital and traumatic cases less than one year old there was not a signifcant difference between DJD and outcome in less than 10 Kg and was statistically signifcant in dogs more than 10 kg. In our study we found that, weight and etiology were not effective factors on success rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - An abattoir survey on bovine sole diseases prevalence in Urmia province
A. Najafpour. .F Jafar GholizadehLameness is one of the most important bovine diseases which after mastitis cause great economical impact on animalhusberdary. In this investigation, 4800 hooves were studed in Urmia’s Industrial slaughter house. 3071 of them wereinvolved with diseases of hoof whic MoreLameness is one of the most important bovine diseases which after mastitis cause great economical impact on animalhusberdary. In this investigation, 4800 hooves were studed in Urmia’s Industrial slaughter house. 3071 of them wereinvolved with diseases of hoof which majority of it was heel erosion (%28.69) and the minorities were because ofinfections pododermatitis (%7.42) and the rest of hooves had no defects. Involvement ratio of each claw to each disease of the hoof of animals during spring season was higher in comparison to other seasons, although in winter it wasthe lowest. Lameness and other diseases which involve hoof of the animals are high in Urmia and early diagnosis ofsuch cases seems to be very important. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - A case report of focal Marek disease with obstruction in a Commercial laying jejunum
فریبرز Moayer پیام Haghighi-KhoshkhooMarek disease is one of the common viral neoplastic and lymphoproliferative diseases in poultry that involved thevaried internal viscera. The cause of Marek disease is a Lymphotropic herpes virus, which cause pathological lesionsin broiler and commercial laying herds ar MoreMarek disease is one of the common viral neoplastic and lymphoproliferative diseases in poultry that involved thevaried internal viscera. The cause of Marek disease is a Lymphotropic herpes virus, which cause pathological lesionsin broiler and commercial laying herds around the world.In this report, the focal form of Marek disease has been detected in jejunum of a commercial laying, on the basis ofhistopathological fndings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - Genotyping of BVDV type 1 and 2 isolated from PI cattle in Tehran province by multiplex PCR
فرهاد Moosakhani آریا Badiei مهدی Loghmani علیرضا Shaghayegh محسن ZafariMucosal disease (MD) and bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) are diseases that have no clinical correlations but they have commonviral etiology. In this respect, genotyping of the virus is not performed in Iran yet, after genotyping, control of the disease byusing proper vaccin MoreMucosal disease (MD) and bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) are diseases that have no clinical correlations but they have commonviral etiology. In this respect, genotyping of the virus is not performed in Iran yet, after genotyping, control of the disease byusing proper vaccines could be more effective.In this study, serum samples of suspected calves were taken randomly from 20 farms around province of Tehran. Then, twoELISA tests were performed for detection of BVDV antigen. Twenty samples were chosen for RNA extraction as each samplebelonged to one farm. Then, a multiplex PCR was preformed on the basis of 5′ UTR of BVDV genome with positive samplesfor genotyping the virus.In conclusion, 3 samples (15%) were positive for BVD-2 and 20 samples (100%) were positive for BVD-1. All positive andnegative ELISA samples had equal results in RT-PCR. As for detection of BVD-2, phylogenetic analysis and molecular examination is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - An investigation into the effect of Morus nigra L. leaf extract on Parkinson’s disease symptoms and oxidative stress markers in male rats
فریبرز Moayer آریا Badiei A.R SHaghayegh فرهاد Mosa khani Parkinson,s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder.in this disease activity of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and dopamine level in the striatum.there is much evidence in effect bof oxidative stress as pathogen agents of parkinson More Parkinson,s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder.in this disease activity of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and dopamine level in the striatum.there is much evidence in effect bof oxidative stress as pathogen agents of parkinson,s disease progression.angiotensin II activates NADPH depending oxidases and produce superoxides formation.morus nigar L.extract shows good angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitory effects,in vitro.the aim of this study is to study the antioxidant effects of morus nigar L.leaf extract on parkinson,s disease symptoms and oxidative stress markers.48 male rats divided randomly into four groups(n=12 each):1) sham,(2) toxin, (3) captopril, (4) treatment.rate in sham group were used as normal controls.rats in toxin group were injected with 6-OHDA. captopril group were injected i.p. with captopril (5mg/kg) daily 6 days before and 4 &24 hrs after the injection of 6-OHDA and treatment group were injected i.p. with morus nigra L.(10mg/kg) extract daily 6 days before the injection of 6-OHDA in the substantia nigra and 4 &24 hrs after it.muscle stiffness,rotation test and histological test were assessed in 6 rats of any groups after 2 weeks.protein oxidation,lipid peroxidation and ACE activity were assessed in brain in 6 rats of any groups 24 hrs,after the 6-OHDA injection.the results suggested that the use of aqueous extract of morus nigra can be useful in reduction of parkinson,s disease symptoms and reduce oxidative stress markers and dopaminergic neuronal death. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - The prevalence of subclinical ketosis in dairy farms and its relation to periparturient disorders in city of shahrekord
مهدی Sakha SH Nejat SH SafiThis study was carried out to determine the prevalence of subclinical ketosis and relation to periparturient disorders in dairy farm in shahr-e-kord.a total 203 multiparous holstein cows(parity 2-9) were randomly selected from 10 commercial dairy herds.since the likely MoreThis study was carried out to determine the prevalence of subclinical ketosis and relation to periparturient disorders in dairy farm in shahr-e-kord.a total 203 multiparous holstein cows(parity 2-9) were randomly selected from 10 commercial dairy herds.since the likely risk time for occurrence of ketosis is during 2-5 weeks after parturition, the blood samples were taken wk 1 before calving and at wk 2 and 3 after calving.from 3 weeks before calving to 3 months after calving,peripartum diseases informations including milk fever,metritis,mastitis,clinical ketosis,displased abomasum,retained placenta,dystocia,pneumonia and lamemess were gathered in data sheet form.beta-hydroxy butyrate and glucose were measured in serum by using automated analyzer and statistical analysis was performed to investigate the prevalence of ketosis(clinical and subclinical) and related periparturient diseases.in this study,the prevalence of subclinical ketosis,using cut-off 1200mmol/lit of beta-hydroxy butyrate was 0.98 in wk 1 before,9.8 in wk 2 and 13.79 percent in wk 3 after parturition respectively.it was shown that there is a significant correlation between subclinical ketosis and left displacement of abomasum,metritis and mastitis(p<0.05), scparately so that the odds ratio of each disease was 9.74, 4.26 and 6.64 respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - Report of Anisakis sp. Nematode (zoonotic parasite) from common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from Aras dam, West Azerbaijan province
A. Khodadadi, سهراب Rasouli, کاظم Abdi, R. Azizi,The aim of this survey from summer of 2012 we muster about 50 number of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from Aras dam in west Azerbaijan province and them isolated a parasite that name is Anisakis sp. From two fsh. That parasite are isolated from the muscle of abdomen a MoreThe aim of this survey from summer of 2012 we muster about 50 number of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from Aras dam in west Azerbaijan province and them isolated a parasite that name is Anisakis sp. From two fsh. That parasite are isolated from the muscle of abdomen and abdomen cavity for frst time in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in iran. We know Anisakis parasite one of the most important disease human can be infected from sea aquatic animal and from fsh. If the human have ate the fsh are not complicity cooking, the parasite can translate to human body and live in G.I system and make a bad illness. The cyprindeh family is the one of cheeped and widespread fsh are growing in Iran and people are used in our foot. This survey showed the some common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fsh of Aras dam are infected with zoonotic Anisakis sp. parasite and for frst time report of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fsh in Aras dam of west Azerbaijan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - Investigation of contamination of Vibrio species in fish sold in the market of Shahrekord city
مهران خلیلی دهکردی Fereshteh Salehian dehkordi Majid Esmaeili vardanjaniToday, consumption of seafood has a special place among consumers. Consumption of seafood can lead to the transmission of bacterial pathogens of primary or secondary origin, among the most important of these bacteria are Vibrio species that are naturally found in aquati MoreToday, consumption of seafood has a special place among consumers. Consumption of seafood can lead to the transmission of bacterial pathogens of primary or secondary origin, among the most important of these bacteria are Vibrio species that are naturally found in aquatic environments and in the bodies of aquatic organisms. Every year, many cases of food poisoning caused by Vibrio species are reported in consumed fish. The purpose of this research is to investigate the level of Vibrio contamination of raw fish sold in Shahrekord city. In this research, 50 fish samples were prepared from 30 fish and aquatic supply stores in Shahrekord city and then analyzed at the Nutrition and Organic Products Research Center of Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord branch. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio mimicus and Vibrio alginolyticus can be mentioned among the most important species investigated. Then, based on the presence or absence of grown spores, 40% of the meat of the studied samples (20 pieces) were infected with Vibrio. The high abundance of Vibrio species in the samples confirms the lack of hygiene in the fish and its products preparation and distribution centers. It seems that the processing stations and the method of transporting and distributing fish do not have proper hygiene. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - Identification sustainable value factors in the use of information technology in healthcare services to manage infectious viral diseases
Aalireza Radan reza radfar Mohammad Ali Afshar kazimi Alireza PourebrahimiIntroduction: In recent years, the world has been engulfed in a crisis caused by a contagious disease called the coronavirus. The impact of this crisis is so significant that some researchers have also paid special attention to the post-coronavirus world. Therefore, the MoreIntroduction: In recent years, the world has been engulfed in a crisis caused by a contagious disease called the coronavirus. The impact of this crisis is so significant that some researchers have also paid special attention to the post-coronavirus world. Therefore, the aim of this research is to identify the factors of sustainable value in using information technology for managing acute viral diseases. Methods: The research method is mixed. In the qualitative section, the thematic analysis method has been employed. The reliability assessment of this section is also conducted using the method of comparison by two coders, resulting in a coefficient of 83%. In this section, interviews continued until theoretical saturation was reached, and 23 interviews were collected. In the quantitative section, structural equation modeling with a partial least squares approach using SmartPLS_3 software was employed to analyze the data, and a semi-structured questionnaire with a five-option Likert spectrum was distributed among 241 individuals. The research population includes healthcare professionals in medical sciences, faculty members in management and technology fields, as well as managers of knowledge-based companies active in medical technology in Tehran province. Simple random sampling using the Cochran formula is also employed in this section. Results: The results showed that in the area of pandemic management and control, organizational factors (with a coefficient of 0.41), control and supervision (with a coefficient of 0.28), and planning (with a coefficient of 0.43) were confirmed. In the sustainable value section, environmental factors (with a coefficient of 0.29), social factors (with a coefficient of 0.37), and economic factors (with a coefficient of 0.47) were confirmed. Conclusion: Thus, the sustainable use of information technology can not only control pandemics but also prevent their consequences for future generations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - Feasibility of the institution of "immunity from punishment" in connection with sick convicts in Iranian jurisprudence and law.
Mohammad Ali Nasrollahi Ali Mazidi SHarafabadiMany criminal convicts get sick before the execution of the punishment or during the punishment and claim that they cannot bear the punishment. Article 502 of the Criminal Procedure Law approved in 2012 foresees the physical and mental illness of the convicted person as MoreMany criminal convicts get sick before the execution of the punishment or during the punishment and claim that they cannot bear the punishment. Article 502 of the Criminal Procedure Law approved in 2012 foresees the physical and mental illness of the convicted person as a criterion for not tolerating punishment. The most legal protection considered in this article is to convert the punishment of sick convicts into punishment crimes. Determining the institution of exemption from punishment in the Islamic Penal Code has a history with the establishment of legal grounds. However, the mechanism of exemption from punishment is not foreseen at the stage of execution of the sentence due to the illness of the convicted person. Some standards and requirements of human rights emphasize the prohibition of execution of punishment for sick convicts. Despite the necessity of exempting sick convicts from punishment and the lack of provision by the legislator, no research has been done in this regard so far. For this reason, in this article, by analyzing the jurisprudential and legal foundations of impunity and also considering the goals of punishments in Islamic criminal law, we will examine the possibility or impossibility of using the institution of exemption from punishment for sick convicts in the context of punishment, retribution, Key words: criminal, physical and mental illness, impunity, hard-to-treat and incurable diseases and punishment. The result is that at least in the case of insanity and difficult-to-treat and incurable diseases, it is possible to be exempted from punishment in the sentencing of some punishments, and it is necessary to foresee this issue in Article 502 of the Criminal Procedure Law along with the conversion of the punishment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - Predicting the severity of anxiety in Coronavirus disease based on anxiety sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty
Azam Ghorani Eshtelagh Sofla Sahar Torabi Zonouz Majid Mahmoud Alilou Razieh PakVarious psychological vulnerabilities such as uncertainty, perceived vulnerability to disease, psychological vulnerability background, anxiety, and worry can contribute to the fear of the coronavirus disease. One of these factors is anxiety sensitivity that refers to th MoreVarious psychological vulnerabilities such as uncertainty, perceived vulnerability to disease, psychological vulnerability background, anxiety, and worry can contribute to the fear of the coronavirus disease. One of these factors is anxiety sensitivity that refers to the fear of the feelings associated with anxiety arousal due to perceived physical, psychological, or social consequences. There is evidence that anxiety sensitivity plays an important role in the persistence and progression of anxiety symptoms in all anxiety disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of anxiety sensitivity and uncertainty intolerance in predicting the severity of coronavirus disease anxiety. For this purpose, a descriptive correlational study was conducted on 128 volunteers assessed in terms of Covid-19 disease anxiety, anxiety sensitivity, and uncertainty intolerance. The results of multiple regression analysis showed the existence of a significant relationship between disease anxiety, anxiety sensitivity, and uncertainty intolerance (p <.001). The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that 30.1% of the variance of coronavirus disease anxiety was explainable by anxiety sensitivity and uncertainty intolerance. According to the results of this study, anxiety sensitivity and uncertainty intolerance can be considered appropriate predictors of coronavirus disease anxiety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - Sexual variety seeking based on early maladaptive schemas, parenting styles and moods
Abdollah Omidi Javad Moemeni Fariba Rayegan Hosein Akbari Enseye TalighiCardiovascular diseases are the mainly causes of disability and death in countries around the world and despite the advances of different treatment methods, are still at high prevalent rate. Although the most important psychological factors in the development and progre MoreCardiovascular diseases are the mainly causes of disability and death in countries around the world and despite the advances of different treatment methods, are still at high prevalent rate. Although the most important psychological factors in the development and progression of heart disease are disputed, numerous studies have shown that psychological factors are significantly involved in the development of cardiovascular diseases. This study assesses the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction on the quality of life among the patients with cardiovascular diseases. In order to do so, a total of 103 patients with cardiovascular disease in Kashan city were screened, from whom 60 were randomly selected and assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions of mindfulness-based stress reduction training while the control group did not receive any intervention. Subjects in both groups were evaluated for health related quality of life and the results revealed significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of quality of life. It seems that mindfulness-based stress reduction is effective on quality of life among cardiovascular patients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Fear of Disease Progression and Psychological Distress of Patients with Hypothyroidism
azam hoseinzadeh salman zareiFear of disease progression as one of the most important psychological structures is one of the most common symptoms distress and stress for patients with a life-threatening disease. Fear of disease progression can be defined as a realistic reactive fear of which the pe MoreFear of disease progression as one of the most important psychological structures is one of the most common symptoms distress and stress for patients with a life-threatening disease. Fear of disease progression can be defined as a realistic reactive fear of which the person is fully aware. The aim of study was to investigate the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on the psychological distress and fear of disease progression of patients with hashimoto's hypothyroidism. For this purpose, in a quasi-experiential study with pre-test, post-test, follow up and control group, 32 patients with hashimoto's hypothyroidism among the patients referred to clinics of subspecialty physicians in Karaj were selected by available sample and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (n= 16 each). The groups were evaluated for psychological distress and fear of disease progression before and after the treatment intervention and three months after the end of the research. The result of analysis of covariance with repeated measures showed a significant difference in fear of disease progression and psychological distress between the performance of two experimental and control groups. The results indicate the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on the fear of disease progression and psychological distress in patients with hypothyroidism; therefore, this intervention can be used as a complementary treatment, along with medication, to improve the lives of patients with hashimoto's disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - Investigating the Effectiveness of Mindfulness Therapy on Psychological Well-Being and Reducing Pain Symptoms in Children with Chronic Diseases
farangis demehri mahdiyeh azizi reyhane barghounChronic pain is a health problem that has a great impact on a person's emotions and physical and social functions. People with chronic diseases also face many psychological problems in addition to physical problems that these psychological factors mutually affect their MoreChronic pain is a health problem that has a great impact on a person's emotions and physical and social functions. People with chronic diseases also face many psychological problems in addition to physical problems that these psychological factors mutually affect their illness. This study aimed to study the effectiveness of mindfulness therapy on psychological well-being and pain symptoms in children with chronic diseases (diabetes). For this purpose, during a quasi-experimental study designed as pre-test and post-test, 30 children with diabetes in Yazd Diabetes Center were selected by available sampling method and were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control groups. Subjects were evaluated for psychological well-being and chronic pain symptoms before and after the study. The experimental group received a 10-session mindfulness therapy program. The results of covariance analysis showed that mindfulness therapy is effective in psychological well-being and reducing chronic pain symptoms. Mindfulness seems to help to understand that negative emotions may occur, but are not a permanent part of the personality and it also allows the individual to respond to events thoughtfully rather than involuntary, and mindfulness has a positive effect on psychological well-being and the reduction of chronic pain symptoms in children with chronic diseases (diabetes). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - The relationship between marital satisfaction and sexual satisfaction with couple mental health
Somaye Ezadi Mohtaram Nemat TavosiQuality of life is a set of emotional and cognitive reactions against physical, psychological, and social situations; and is considered as the final outcome of clinical trials, interventions and health care services, and is an important factor in reducing symptoms of ch MoreQuality of life is a set of emotional and cognitive reactions against physical, psychological, and social situations; and is considered as the final outcome of clinical trials, interventions and health care services, and is an important factor in reducing symptoms of chronic mental and physical illnesses. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of mindfulness therapy in quality of life among patients with MS. Therefore, in a quasi-experimental research with pre-test, post-test, and control group, 30 patients with MS were selected through convenience sampling method and assigned randomly into experimental or control groups (n=15). The subjects were evaluated for quality of life prior to and after the intervention, and at two month follow up. The experimental group received eight sessions of 90 minutes group mindfulness therapy once a week. The results of analysis of covariance indicated that the mindfulness therapy resulted in increase in quality of life and this increase was sustained at follow up point. Given the importance of quality of life among patients with MS, it is possible to improve the factor among these patients with mindfulness training. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - The Relationship between Negative Meta-Emotion and Fatigue with Cognitive Failures in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: The Mediating Role of Ego Depletion
Fateme Moradi Masoud BagheriChronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as one of the most common lung diseases, has a progressive and debilitating nature and affects patients' psychological performance. It is often accompanied by decline in cognitive abilities. The purpose of this study was to investi MoreChronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as one of the most common lung diseases, has a progressive and debilitating nature and affects patients' psychological performance. It is often accompanied by decline in cognitive abilities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of ego depletion in the relationship between negative meta-emotion and fatigue with cognitive failure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. For this purpose, in a descriptive-correlational study, 204 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Kerman were selected by convenience sampling and were evaluated for cognitive failure, ego depletion, negative meta-emotion, and fatigue. The results of data analysis showed that negative meta-emotion, fatigue and ego depletion have significant positive relationship with cognitive failure. Also, the results of path analysis also suggested that ego depletion plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between negative meta-emotion and fatigue with cognitive failure. That is, part of the relationship between negative meta-emotion and fatigue with cognitive failure occurs through ego depletion. It means, part of the relationship between negative meta-emotion and fatigue with cognitive failure occurs through ego depletion. Therefore, according to the results of the present study, we can reduce the ego depletion in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by providing therapeutic interventions based on reduction in negative meta-emotion and fatigue, thus preventing or controlling cognitive failure in these patients Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - Psychological factors, blood lipids and the severity of coronary heart disease: a structural equation modeling approach
Mohammad Reza Seairafi Hassan Ahadi Saeid Sadrghian Hassan Ashayeri MOjtaba Hbibi Asgari AbadOne of the most important factors in mortality in the world is coronary heart disease. This disease also has several risk factors, one of these is psychological factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of psychological factors in coronary heart disea MoreOne of the most important factors in mortality in the world is coronary heart disease. This disease also has several risk factors, one of these is psychological factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of psychological factors in coronary heart disease which was mediated by blood lipids. For this purpose, in a descriptive study, 343 women and men who referred to Tehran Heart Center and Fajr hospital were selected from available samples. They were then tested in terms of depression, anxiety, stress, perceived support, anger expression, aggression, personality type, blood lipid levels. The severity of coronary artery disease was measured by coronary angiography. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results indicated that blood lipid meditated the relationship between psychological factors and coronary heart disease. Psychological factors have an effect on the severity of coronary heart disease and part of the influence is exerted by blood lipids. Hence, it is suggested that it should be paid attention to psychological factors and blood lipids of coronary heart disease in prevention and treatment programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - Flaxseed oil Ameliorated the expression level of the IL-1β/NLRP3/NRF-1/Sirt-1of diabetic heart conditions.
Farzad Forootan Fatemeh Zahra Abdollahi Mitra ShafieBackground: Inflammation and cytokine storms due to cardiovascular diseases (CD). Herbals can be the primary source of compounds with anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, herbals agents may consider as a complementary medicine. Bioactive compounds and phytochemica MoreBackground: Inflammation and cytokine storms due to cardiovascular diseases (CD). Herbals can be the primary source of compounds with anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, herbals agents may consider as a complementary medicine. Bioactive compounds and phytochemicals have potential strategies to halt or manage CD. flaxseed have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Methods: In this study, we used H9c2 cell lines of rat embryonic cardiomyocytes. To induce CD we used hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic conditions. Real-Time-PCR performed to evaluated the relative expression of the genes. Results: We found that flaxseed could decreased the expression level of the IL-1β and NLRP3. Moreover, the expression level of the NRF-1 and Sirt-1 increased by flaxseed. Conclusion: Our data proposed that flaxseed could have potential approaches to manage and prevent CD. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - The necessity of the intervention, done by government, in generation prohibiting in Iran's legal System (Regarding the note of Article 23 of the Family Support Law)
saeedh Tamizkar Atefeh Abbasi , Maryam Sadat Mohaghegh DamadAccording to the Article note 23 of the Family Support Law approved in 2011, in the situation where a contagious and dangerous disease of the couple causes damage to the fetus, medical and educational care and supervision should lead to the prohibition of generation. Co MoreAccording to the Article note 23 of the Family Support Law approved in 2011, in the situation where a contagious and dangerous disease of the couple causes damage to the fetus, medical and educational care and supervision should lead to the prohibition of generation. Considering that any intervention of the government in the privacy of the family requires jurisprudential and legal justification; This article tries to answer this main question with descriptive analytical method: "What are the jurisprudential-legal arguments for the government's intervention in generation prohibiting? And what is the necessity of governmental intervention? ». The method of qualitative article is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting data is library and through taking notes. reasons such as excessive economic, medical and health costs; public health threats; cultural problems; Generational risks and the decline of national authority are among the reasons that justify the need for government intervention. The jurisprudential legal basis of this necessity is to eliminate the conflict between the public interest and the family's privacy, which on the basis of an important rule, the public interest is prioritized and the prohibition of generation is justified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - Antibacterial effect of flower essential oils and plant organs’ extracts of purple coneflower on the bacterium Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis
Soleiman Jamshidi Soudabeh Andargani Mehdi OraeiRecently, there is an increasing attention to plant pathogen’s biocontrol considering hazards and environmental threats of chemical pesticides. Therefore, using plant materials as safe and natural antimicrobes is going to be investigated in recent years. The curre MoreRecently, there is an increasing attention to plant pathogen’s biocontrol considering hazards and environmental threats of chemical pesticides. Therefore, using plant materials as safe and natural antimicrobes is going to be investigated in recent years. The current study’s projective was evaluation of plant materials obtained from purple coneflower effecting on Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis bacterial walnut blight agent. Aqueous, methanol, ethanol, acetone and HCl extracts of coneflower root, stem, leaf and flower were extracted by rotary set and flower essential oils using clevenger apparatus. The antimicrobial activity of coneflower extracts and essential oil was evaluated in laboratory with disc diffusion and minimal inhibitory and bactericide concentration methods. The bacterium was more sensitive to flower essential oil than extracts. Ethanol acted successfully in antimicrobial material release from plant organs. Also, aqueous extract and also HCl and acetone extracts had very limited antibacterial activities on studied bacterium. All plant extracts and essential oils were inhibitive on bacterium. Leaf extract were more inhibitive than bactericide. Regarding the results plant materials obtained from coneflower could be a remarkable potential against walnut blight bacterium and might be considered as a promising biocontrol agent in the future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - The effect of thermal and chemical treatment on seed-born inoculum of Pyrenophora graminea, the causal agent of barley strip disease in greenhouse
Soleiman Jamshidi Mehrdad Abdi Ali FaramarziBarley strip disease caused by Pyrenophora gramineae is found in most of barley growing areas in the world and most part of Iran. This foliar disease in barley causes emptiness and extreme weakness of seeds and considerable yield losses. The disease is MoreBarley strip disease caused by Pyrenophora gramineae is found in most of barley growing areas in the world and most part of Iran. This foliar disease in barley causes emptiness and extreme weakness of seeds and considerable yield losses. The disease is monocycle and seed-born and the fungus survives as mycelium in the hull, pericarp and seed coat. Therefore, the best way for disease controlling is the eradication of seed born inoculum by different methods. In order to evaluate the effect of various thermal and chemical treatments on disease control, infected seeds were collected from diseased barley fields with Prop star cultivar and the infection percent was defined approximately 89.5% with "Culture plate test" method. Thermal treatments consisting of tennothcrapy during 5 and I 0 minutes in 52 oC warm water and chemical treatments with Carboxin-Tiram, lrnazalil, Mancozeb, Tilt and Maneb were applied. Infected seeds treated with lap water were considered as control and the project ran in completely randomized design. For each treatment, 20 treated seeds were sawed in three replications in pots. 60 days after planting, the effects of various treatments on fungus seed-born inoculum and seed viability were studied by evaluation of infected plant percentage. The thermal treatments were recognized to be unsuitable for seed disinfection because of extraordinary and over than 50% effects on seed viability and low effect of disease control. Among chemical treatments, lmazalil was the best for disease control and other treatments had significant difference with it. But there were no significant differences between the other fungicides. But application of Tilt is not advisable because its significant effect on seed viability. Manuscript profile
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