Concurrent outbreak of Newcastle disease and Trichomoniasis in pigeons of Tehran

Subject Areas : Veterinary Clinical Pathology

nariman sheykhi ¹ ( استادیار گروه علوم درمانگاهی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران. )
saeid Rasoulinezhad ² ( دانشجوی دکترای تخصصی بیماری‌های طیور، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران. )
alireza barati ³ ( دانش آموخته دکترای حرفه ای دامپزشکی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، واحد گرمسار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرمسار، ایران. )

Received: 2014-01-20 Accepted : 2014-08-27 Published : 2014-08-23

Keywords: Tehran, Newcastle disease, Trichomoniasis, Pigeons,

Abstract :

   Newcastle disease is the most important viral disease that affected pigeons. The disease is characterized by sudden onset of anorexia and neurological symptoms in pigeon. Trichomonas gallinae causes trichomoniasis of pigeons in the upper gastrointestinal tract and the respiratory system. The symptoms of this disease include yellowish green fetid discharge from the mouth, diarrhea, emaciation, severe weakness and death. In the first 6 months of 1392, from a total of 32      suspicious cases from Tehran and its surrounding, swab samples of the mouth, pharynx and larynx of birds were prepared. The samples were studied for trichomonas infection. At necropsy, foci of white to cream color in the oral mucosa, pharynx, larynx and pharyngeal and tracheal mucous congestion associated with the presence of fetid fluid in the crop were observed. Also, general congestion of the carcass, urate deposition in the ureters, and the emptiness gastrointestinal tract was observed. For detection of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), samples of the trachea and spleen were collected and RT-PCR experiments were performed on the samples. Trichomonas was observed in the samples under the microscope. All of the 19 samples studied were considered positive to the presence of high virulence strain of the virus. Metronidazole and supportive therapies were used for treatment. Adherence to the principles of biosecurity, treatment or removal of trichomoniasis infected birds, and annual Newcastle disease vaccine are essential for the prevention of concurrent outbreak of these two diseases. 

References:

• بزرگمهری، م.، شجاع‌دوست، ب.، اکبری، ع.، کلیدری، غ. و شیخی، ن. (1375). راهنمای بیماری‌های طیور. چاپ اول، انتشارات واحد آموزش و پژوهش معاونت کشاورزی سازمان اقتصادی کوثر، تهران، صفحات: 268-265. 
  
  
  
  • Alexander, D.J., Russel P. and Parsons, G. (1985). Antigenic and biological characterization of avian paramyxovirus type-1 isolates from pigeons: An international collaborative study. Avian Pathology, 14: 365-376.
  
  
  • Burton, D.L. and Doblar, K.A. (2004). Morbidity and mortality of urban wildlife in the Midwestern United States. Proc 4th International Urban Wildlife Symposium, 171-181.
  
  
  • Butcher, G.D. (2003). Pigeon Canker, Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.
  
  
  • Mubarak, A. (2000). Pathogenicity of Newcastle disease virus (chicken) in pigeons. MSc. Thesis, Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
  
  
  • Jordan, F.T.W. and Pattison, M. (2002). Poultry Diseases. 4^th ed., Cambridge, UK: The University Press, pp: 422- 424.
  
  
  • Levine, N.D. (1995). Veterinary Protozoology. Iowa, USA: Iowa State University Press, pp: 809-812.
  
  
  • Liu, M., Guan, Y., Peiris, M., He, S., Webby, R.J., Pervez, D. and Webster, R.G. (2003). The quest of influenza a viruses for new hosts. Avian Disease, 47: 849-856.
  
  
  • Lv, R.X. (2008). Diagnosis and treatment on trichomonosis. Zhejiang Journal. Animal Science aVeterinary Medicine, 2: 39 (in Chinese).
  
  
  • Qiong, P.A.N. (2007). Development of an Oil-emulsion Inactivated Vaccine against Pigeon Paramyxovirus Disease. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, Index S858.39.
  
  
  • Saif, Y.M. (2003). Diseases of Poultry. 11th Ed., Iowa, USA: Iowa State University Press, pp: 486-495.
  
  
  • Shaheen, S., Anjum, A.D. and Rizvi, F. (2005). Clinico-Pathological observations of pigeons (Columba livia) Suffering from Newcastle disease. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 25(1): 2005.
  
  
  • Schulz, J.H., Bermudez, A.J. and Millspaugh, J.J. (2005). Monitoring presence and annual variation of Trichomoniasis in mourning doves. Avian Disease, 49: 387-389.