The infection status of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis in traditional dairy cattle farms in Moghan region

Subject Areas : Food Science and Technology

منصور Khakpoor ¹ , مسعود Fardin ² , هیوا Ahmadi ³ , آیدا Nehzati ⁴

1 - Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
2 - Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ardebil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardebil, Iran.
3 - Graduated of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
4 - Graduated of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran

Received: 2011-07-02 Accepted : 2012-05-24 Published : 2012-02-20

Keywords: Milk, Moghan, John's disease, Mycobacterium avium Paratubeculosis,

Abstract :

Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis is the causative agent of John's disease which is a remedial chronic disease in all ruminants and is important from economical viewpoint. In this study, a total of 86 fecal samples from suspected dairy cattle were obtained from 11 traditional dairy farms in Moghan region. All samples were evaluated by direct microscopic examination. Subsequently, milk sample of the related cattle were tested by PCR technique. Twenty samples from positive and 10 specimens of negative samples in direct microscopic assay were selected randomly for PCR examination. Among the 86 samples, 51 (59%) samples were positive, while, 35 (41%) samples were found as negative by microscopic assay. From 20 positive samples, 19 (95%) samples showed positive result by PCR, however, among negative samples, 3 (30%) samples were positive in PCR assay. Results revealed that there is a direct relation between contamination of fecal and milk samples. Moreover, due to the correlation between the results of microscopic examination of fecal samples and PCR assay of milk specimens, direct microscopic evaluation of feces could be performed prior to PCR-based detection of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis in milk samples. According to the results, high contamination rate of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis was found in milk samples. On the other hand, duo to possible etiological role of this bacterium in the development of Crohn’s diseases in human, it should be considered as a serious concern indeed. 

References:

• Anzabi, Y., Tabatabayi, A.H. and Asgharzadeh, M. (2005). A survey on the infection status of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis in dairy cattle using PCR of Tabriz. Journal of Iran veterinary science, 4: 125-131[In Farsi].  


• Anadolu, R., Calikoghn, E., Karayalcin, S. and Gurgey, E. (1999). Cutaneous Crohn's disease: metastatic Crohn's is a misnomer'. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 13 (1): 61-8.


• Bhide, M., Chakurkar, E., Tkacikova, L., Barbuddhe, S., Novak, M. and Mikula, I. (2005). IS900-PCR-based detection and characterization of Mycobacterium avium sub Sp. paratuberculosis from buffy coat of cattle and sheep. Veterinary Microbiology, 112 (1): 33-41.


• Millar, D., Ford, J., Sanderson, J., Withey, S., Tizard, M., Doran, T. and Herman-Taylor, J. (1996). IS900 PCR to detect Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in retail supplies of whole pasteurized cows milk in England and Wales. Journal of Applied and Enviromental Microbiology, 17: 3446-52.


• Nebbia, P., Robino, P., Robino, P., Zoppi, S. and De Meneghi, D. (2003). Detection and excretion pattern of Mycobacterium avium sub sp paratuberculosis in milk of asymptomatic sheep and goats by Nested- PCR. Small ruminant research, 66: 1-3.


• Pillai, S.R. and Jayarao, B.M. (2002). Application of IS900 PCR for detection of Mycobacterium avium sub sp. paratuberculosis directly from raw milk. Journal of Dairy Science, 85: 1052-1057.


• Sharma, G., Singh, S.V., Sevilla, I., Singh, A.V., Whittington, R.J., Just, R.A., Kumar, S., Gupta, V.K., Singh, P.K., Sohal, J.S. and Vihan, V.S. (2007). Evaluation of indigenous milk ELISA with m-culture and m-PCR for the diagnosis of Bovine Johne's (BJD) in lactating Indian dairy cattle. Research Veterinary Science, 84 (1): 30-37.


• Sivakumar, P., Tripathi, B.N. and Nem, singh. (2004). Detecion of Mycobacterium avium sub sp. paratuberculosis in intestinal and lymph node tissues of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) by PCR and bacterial culture. Veterinary Microbiology. 108 (3-4): 263-270.


• Stevenson, K. and Sharp, JM. (1997). The contribution of molecular biology to Mycobacterium avium sub sp.  paratuberculosis research. Veterinary Journal, 153: 269-286.


• Supply, P., Lesjean, S., Savine, E., Kremer, K., Van Soolingen, D. and Locht, D. (2001). Automated high-throughput genotyping for study of global epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis based on mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 39: 3563-3571.


• Tabatabayi, A.H. and Firouzi, R. (2001). Diseases of animals due to Bacteria, Tehran University Press, pp. 414 [In Farsi].  


• Tripathi, B.N., Periasamy, S., Paliwal, O.P. and Singh, N. (2005). Comparison of IS900 tisuue PCR, bacterial culture, johnin and serological test for diagnosis of naturally occurring paratuberculosis in goats. Veterinary Micribiology, 116: 129-137.