barriers

Open Access Article

1 - Identifying and Prioritizing the Barriers of Academic Research Commercialization
Morteza Raei Dehaghi

The main topic of this research is identifying obstacles to the commercialization of knowledge and technology. The importance of this is because, with the emergence of knowledge based economy, higher education policies have undergone changes that led universities to att More

The main topic of this research is identifying obstacles to the commercialization of knowledge and technology. The importance of this is because, with the emergence of knowledge based economy, higher education policies have undergone changes that led universities to attain a competitive advantage and increase resources that play a role in global markets. This can be achieved through the commercialization of research and technological achievements. The main objective of this research is to identify and rank barriers to the commercialization of knowledge and technology at the University of Isfahan. This research is descriptive-survey based on the nature of the application. The statistical population of the study was 141 faculty members of Isfahan University that are involved in commercialization projects. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was verified by 5 experts and the validity of the construct was verified by confirmatory factor analysis using Liserl software. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha of 0.89. The structural equation test was used to study the hypotheses of this research. The results at 95% confidence level indicated that structural, behavioral and environmental barriers to commercialization in the University of Isfahan had a reverse effect. Also, the Friedman test was used to rank the barriers that are structural - organizational barriers, behavioral - content, contextual - environmental, were ranked in order of preferences. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Investigating the Barriers of Electronic Bussiness Development (Case Study: In Zanjan Province Enterprises)
A. Memarnejad J. Hajialiakbari

Nowadays the application of the e-commerce solutions for the enterprises is an important andunavoidable note, and if those enterprises do not consider it this will tend to declining in beneficiaryand omitting them of contest consequently, one of the most important and u More

Nowadays the application of the e-commerce solutions for the enterprises is an important andunavoidable note, and if those enterprises do not consider it this will tend to declining in beneficiaryand omitting them of contest consequently, one of the most important and useful strategy measures ofenterprises is planning concerned with the application of these solutions, also detecting the barriers totheir application and introducing some suggestions for deleting them.The purpose of this study is detect and investigate the barriers to electronic business development inZanjan enterprises, prioritizing the detected barriers and providing and providing research suggestionsfor removing them.In this study, the mentioned barriers were analyzed in terms of six fallowing categories as: cultural,infrastructure, legal, managing, humanity and economic ones. These categories were also subdividedand categorized in to 36 secondary factors.As the whole statistic population has been studied, so the descriptive statistic was used for studyingthe research questions and its advantage was considered as a practical research approach.The tool for data collecting was questionnaire which given to 170 enterprises for collecting differentideas and rating (The questionnaire verified in terms of validity and reliability).The results show that the priorities given to the main barriers are as follow respectively: legal, cultural,managing, infrastructure related humanity and economic barriers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Identifying and prioritizing effective Obstacles to the implementation of the public policies of the Ministry of Oil
leila saedi amir dorani

Purpose:purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize obstacles to the implementation of government policies in the headquarters of the Iranian Oil Ministry.Method:research is a descriptive-survey based on applied-exploratory purpose and method of collecting data. More

Purpose:purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize obstacles to the implementation of government policies in the headquarters of the Iranian Oil Ministry.Method:research is a descriptive-survey based on applied-exploratory purpose and method of collecting data.statistical population consisted of all employees and managers of the Ministry of Oil. The sample size was 260 .They were selected by random sampling method using Krejsi and Morgan tables. To assess the validity and reliability of the measurement tool, content validity and alpha Cronbach have been used,respectively.It is a library and field information collection.Data analysis was performed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test,kmo index and Bartlet test,exploratory factor analysis and hierarchical analysis process.Results:findings of this study indicate that among barriers to implementing government policies, management barriers with weight of 0.276, human barriers with weight of 0.185, barriers to weighting 140.1, environmental barriers with weight 0.85, policy nature with 765 / 0 Weight and system barriers with a weight of 541 have priority.Conclusion:results indicate that many policies are incompletely implemented or not implemented at all. In this regard, some these barriers were identified and prioritized.managers and officials of Ministry of Oil can report the results of the present study the elimination of They will act. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Identification of Obstacles Caused by Organizational Silence in Policies for Paying Medical Expenses in Social Security Organization of Alborz Province
Sedighe Tootian Esfehani بهاره جودی نژاد

Background:  Organizational silence is a phenomenon in which employees of the organization for various reasons refuse to comment. Managers ought to resolve the main obstacles which result in organizational silence. Disregarding this issue can lead to stagnation and More

Background:  Organizational silence is a phenomenon in which employees of the organization for various reasons refuse to comment. Managers ought to resolve the main obstacles which result in organizational silence. Disregarding this issue can lead to stagnation and even death of the organization. Purpose: Identification of obstacles caused by organizational silence in policies for paying medical expenses. Methodology:  The research methodology with respect to its purpose is applied research, and in terms of data collection, the study is exploratory data collection. Data collection method consists of literature review and field study in which the paired questionnaire tool was utilized.  The statistical population of this research consists of all personnel of the Social Security Organization of Alborz Province, which were selected via random sampling to 137 individuals according to Morgan table. Results: Individual barriers with a coefficient weight of 0.418 is ranked first in obstacles caused by organizational silence. Organizational barriers with weight coefficient of 0.330 ranked the second. Socio-cultural barriers with a coefficient of 0.174 were ranked the third. Lastly, management barriers with a weight coefficient of 0.078 ranked fourth with respect to policies for paying medical expenses in the social security organization of Alborz province. Conclusion:In the organizational environment where silence has turned into a norm, staff dissatisfaction is amplified. Conversely, organizations that have the ability to hear the truth are identified as a good and successful organization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The Implementation Barriers of Public Policies Urban Governance Approach :Case Study East-Azerbaijan Ministries
ROSTAM GHAREHDAGHI Arezoo Aghamohamadi

Background: Different issues like the growth of urban population, the urbanization of the societies, globalization, accountability and citizenship, have led the managers and decision makers to utilize proper methods in civil administration fields. Purpose: This research More

Background: Different issues like the growth of urban population, the urbanization of the societies, globalization, accountability and citizenship, have led the managers and decision makers to utilize proper methods in civil administration fields. Purpose: This research aims to identify and prioritize implementation barriers of public policies considering the urban governance approach.Methods: The Delphi method is used to identify and prioritize the implementation barriers of public policies. Using the opinions of 20 experienced experts in public policy making and combining the components extracted from theoretical bases of the research with proposed components by experts, the questionnaire was prepared and the experts in three different stages were questioned about the relationship of the . Their opinions were analyzed and finally through ANP the implementation barriers were prioritized.Findings: In this research 6 major barriers and 37 indicators for urban governance barriers were identified and verified. Also, using the experts’ opinion, the importance of each component was prioritized. In cooperation component, the indicators (the weakness of the political parties, the media, non-governmental organizations); in accountability components, the indicators (the authority and managers’. Results: The identified components could be considered for more precise programming in removing the implementation barriers of urban governance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Obstacles to the alignment of learning organizations and knowledge management in the field of steel industry
elahe hasani parvaneh gelard naser azad

10.30495/ijpa.2022.66512.10850

Background: Future organizations are facing changes and transformations to become a learning organization. One of the basic ways to become a learning organizationObjective: The present study is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive survey information in terms of coll More

Background: Future organizations are facing changes and transformations to become a learning organization. One of the basic ways to become a learning organizationObjective: The present study is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive survey information in terms of collection, cross-sectional in terms of time and profound in terms of depth. In this study, in order to collect information, tools such as questionnaires are used.Methodology: The statistical population consists of all employees of the Iranian steel industry. Sampling in this study is simple random access. The sample size was 385 people. Accordingly, in this study, demographic questions and two researcher-made questionnaires have been used. The first questionnaire consists of 42 questions that after the obstacles are identified, then in the second questionnaire, the identified obstacles are placed and then we rank them.Findings: According to the obtained results (structural and organizational barriers), the term "knowledge is stored as a daily procedure in a documented form such as work regulations, working methods and stored" is the most effective and (political barriers) means "the organization regularly exchanges information with networks. Experts exchange outside the organization. "They have the least impact on the alignment of learning organizations and knowledge management. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Identify barriers to computer audit in Iranian public organizations (Case Study: Corporate Audit)
Kulthum Safara Mohammad Reza kabaran Zadeh Ghadim

Background: the need for knowledge management, given the economic conditions, requires the dynamic development of the audit profession so that this process out of the traditional mode and optimized based on existing technology development.Objective: This study aimed to More

Background: the need for knowledge management, given the economic conditions, requires the dynamic development of the audit profession so that this process out of the traditional mode and optimized based on existing technology development.Objective: This study aimed to identify barriers in computer audit in government agencies of Iran. Method: The study in term of purpose is functional, in terms of nature is descriptive and in terms of method is survey. The sample consisted of 240 respondents randomly from among the directors and auditors that audit the organization in Tehran were selected. The analysis of data using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and one-sample t was performed using spss software.Findings: The results showed that four hypotheses considered statistically significant importance was observed in one of hypotheses results were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Based on the results of the audit firm's lack of computer audit process, doubts concerning the benefits, the lack of strong software and mismatch between information systems, computer audit organizations as obstacles to the implementation of Iran's state audit agency were accepted from an audit perspective. However, in the absence of demand variables, this factor played a role in the implementation of computerized auditing in Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Barriers of Core Banking System Implementation
Asghar Sarrafizadeh Hamid Reza Shahsavari

Core banking system is a fundamental solution for the centralized core  of  banking business, the main solution to centralize all data and critical processes. So that the changes create new services, responding to customer needs and also provides the necessary More

Core banking system is a fundamental solution for the centralized core  of  banking business, the main solution to centralize all data and critical processes. So that the changes create new services, responding to customer needs and also provides the necessary information to better manage organization in less time and with most Accuracy. But, implementation and deployment in bank faces with serious challenges.  This Thesis also outlines the dimensions and angles of the banking system, establish Obstacles of this system in Sepah Bank were discussed. the main obstacles classified to four financial, technological, social / cultural and managerial. And the effectiveness of each system was investigated. this research done at the 150 community levels involved in deploying a Core banking, including Sepah Bank , Bank Subsidiaries and contracted personnel. A questionnaire with 26 questions was distributed among 85 cases of which 60 were full questionnaire. Questions were designed on the basis of the whole five-point Likert situation. According to prove normal distribution of data T-parametric tests were used to prove the hypothesis. The results showed that technological and managerial factors in the establishment of a Core banking system are more effective at Sepah Bank , in priority. However, the influence of social / cultural and financial establishment of a Core system of banking in Bank Sepah was not proved. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Pathology of Teamwork in the Agricultural Cooperatives of Hamadan City
Siamak Sadeghi Khalil Zandi Peyman Sadeghi

Background and Purpose: Despite recognizing the importance of team work by scientists and organizational researchers, previous studies indicates that some organizations have failed to create teamwork. So the purpose of this research was pathology of teamwork in the agri More

Background and Purpose: Despite recognizing the importance of team work by scientists and organizational researchers, previous studies indicates that some organizations have failed to create teamwork. So the purpose of this research was pathology of teamwork in the agricultural cooperatives of Hamadan city. Methods: Concerning it’s purpose, the study was practical and considerate the data collection procedure it was a descriptive survey study. The statistical population had been all agricultural cooperatives in city of Hamadan (N: 45). 35 cooperatives members were selected using census with reducing case. The data collection tool was paired comparisons questionnaire that teamwork obstacles were compared in the form of three dimension individual barriers, organizational barriers and working barriers. Validity of the questionnaire, verified according to experts.The reliabilityof the questionnaire was reviewed and approved by the inconsistency rate. Data were analyzed through AHP and using Expert Choice software. Findings: The findings showed that individual barriers, organizational barriers and working obstacles, respectively, were the most important aspects of teamwork barriers in agricultural cooperatives of Hamadan city. In the individual dimension, "distrust of some members of the cooperative to each other and to the authorities"; the organizational dimension "emphasize the achievements and rewards individual rather than achievements and rewards a group" and the working dimension "lack of clear objectives of team" were the main obstacles of teamwork. Conclusion: At the end is recommended to authorities of agricultural cooperatives that eliminate obstacles to teamwork by transparency of information, creating a safe environment for commenting and build trust. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - International Entrepreneurship Barriers of Women Entrepreneurs in Iran
Sahar Ahmadian

10.30495/enkn.2023.74931.1102

Despite the importance of international entrepreneurship and its obstacles among Iranian women, this importance has not been paid much attention in past studies. Therefore, this research has investigated the obstacles to women's international entrepreneurship in Iran. T More

Despite the importance of international entrepreneurship and its obstacles among Iranian women, this importance has not been paid much attention in past studies. Therefore, this research has investigated the obstacles to women's international entrepreneurship in Iran. The data collection method was a fuzzy Delphi questionnaire. The statistical population of the research included 20 female entrepreneurs in Tehran. First, 22 obstacles were extracted from the research literature, and after distribution to the statistical population, 3 other obstacles were suggested by them and added to the questionnaire. The statistical analysis of the research was done using Exell and descriptive statistics including mean, mode. and average. The results of data processing showed that the obstacles to Iranian women's entrepreneurship in order of priority are; Weakness in communication and communication skills, inadequate support of the government and officials for women's social activities, lack of familiarity with the process of internationalization, intersection of company affairs with family and personal issues, severe and unhealthy competition in society, lack of familiarity with marketing and sales of products, lack of Financial independence of women, high costs related to production, lack of transparency of work procedures and complexity of the international process, socio-cultural barriers, lack of required initial capital, lack of sufficient self-confidence of women, cumbersome laws and legal procedures, unpredictability of social events. excessive exchange rate fluctuations, fear of failure, lack of risk-taking spirit, patriarchy in society and restrictive prejudices regarding women's activities, lack of women's management spirit, lack of women's entrepreneurial spirit. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Barriers to developing entrepreneurial skills in nursing and midwifery students: a descriptive study
Leili Borimnejad Marjan Mardani-Hamooleh Alice Khachian

Entrepreneurship in nursing has huge and promising opportunities for a nurse. This includes palliative care/home care, nursing consultation, caregiver training, etc. However, the development of entrepreneurship in nursing still faces several obstacles. The purpose of th More

Entrepreneurship in nursing has huge and promising opportunities for a nurse. This includes palliative care/home care, nursing consultation, caregiver training, etc. However, the development of entrepreneurship in nursing still faces several obstacles. The purpose of this study was to determine the barriers to entrepreneurship in nursing from the point of view of nursing students.Methods: The present study was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. All nursing and midwifery students studying in the academic year of 1401-1400 in this school were enrolled in the study at all levels through invitation. All numbers were considered for the study. In order to collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire was used based on a literature review. To determine the reliability, Coudre-Richardson's coefficient was confirmed to be 0.74. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics under SPSS version 16 software and AHP online software.Results: Out of 162 people to whom the questionnaire was sent, 65 answered it (62% response rate). The three main barriers to entrepreneurship from the student's point of view were lack of business knowledge, influence and power of doctors, and lack of initial capital. Sufficient time was the last priority.Discussion and conclusionConsidering that the most important obstacle is lack of business knowledge. It seems that the necessary training in this field is not effective enough, so it is suggested. Mentoring and entrepreneurship training courses should be held and their effectiveness evaluated. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Barriers to Investors' Willingness to Invest in TV Programs (Case Study of Hamedan Broadcasting Center)
Ali Asghari Sarem Medi Bahadourian

10.30495/mediastudies.2022.63074.1409

The purpose of this research is to provide solutions to increase the motivation of investors to invest in television programs. In order to achieve this goal, an attempt has been made to identify barriers to investors' willingness to invest in television programs. This s More

The purpose of this research is to provide solutions to increase the motivation of investors to invest in television programs. In order to achieve this goal, an attempt has been made to identify barriers to investors' willingness to invest in television programs. This study was applied research. In the first step, in the qualitative part, by using interviews, the obstacles to investors' desire to invest in TV programs are identified. In this step, the research participants included 12 experts, including producers, staff managers and investors. In the second step, in the quantitative part, using the Delphi technique, 224 people were referred to the statistical population to prioritize them. The sample size was 141 people. The results showed that the three main obstacles to investors' willingness to invest in television programs with the provincial network of Hamedan were the multiplicity of less expensive parallel media, investor distrust of the effectiveness of such advertisements and the unattractiveness of television competitions, respectively. Therefore, in order to make investors want to invest in network applications, it is better to first pay attention to the obstacles that exist in the network and the developers and try to eliminate them. In this case, the network capacity can be increased for investors to be willing to invest. Also, informing investors about the types of advertisements in the national media is not ineffective in this way. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Investigating the obstacles to the development of tourism in the field of virtual space
Alireza Bay ali geranmayeh Akbar Nasrollahi Kasmani tahmoures shiri

10.30495/mediastudies.2023.70507.1494

One of the most effective factors in the development of tourism is advertising and information through virtual space. Virtual networks have a decisive role in the development of the tourism industry, with roles such as culture building, education, information and creati More

One of the most effective factors in the development of tourism is advertising and information through virtual space. Virtual networks have a decisive role in the development of the tourism industry, with roles such as culture building, education, information and creating social participation, the main goal of this article is to investigate the obstacles to the development of tourism in the field of virtual space. In terms of the goal, the current research is applied-development, and in terms of the method of execution, it is among mixed exploratory researches, which collects, analyzes and combines data (quantitative and qualitative) in order to better understand the research questions.The statistical population of this research consists of communication professors who are knowledgeable and active in the field of virtual space tourism, activists in the field of virtual space tourism, managers of tourism service offices active in one of the social networks, and IT and marketing experts. The measuring instrument of questionnaire and expert interview is also based on the purposeful sampling method. According to the results obtained, there are no specific rules and regulations in the field of tourism, lack of support from the government and related institutions, and speculation and the entry of non-professionals into this job, the absence of a union, association or trade union, as well as the lack of educational institutions in this field as The most important obstacles to the development of tourism are considered to be in the field of virtual space. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Problems, obstacles and solutions to develop and improve electronic Public Relations
Mohammad reza haghighi Mohammad soltani far

Technology development in producing, processing, releasing and usage of information caused a deep change in relationshipbetween humans and organizations. Now a day in developed society, organizations move toward by use the strategy of dataand relation technology in the More

Technology development in producing, processing, releasing and usage of information caused a deep change in relationshipbetween humans and organizations. Now a day in developed society, organizations move toward by use the strategy of dataand relation technology in the realm their goals. In the meantime, Public Relations as the most basic and most important unitof any organization plays the role of informing and a strong communicating bridge between staffs organization and externalmilieu. This unit can be the corridor for changes and provide necessary awareness for accelerating the change process bytraining instruments it holds. Also public relationship or necessary skills can be effective in top management so thatmanagement be accompanied in change processing. If we accept that use of data technology and relationship in a basicchange is positive and effective, with the adoption, public relations find a new face that one way of providing of this new faceis changing public relation from traditional to electronic. The electronic public relation can firm its activities with detailedplans measurement by data technologies and communicative with quick Informing and on time and considering to Pivotal ofaudience, so that by providing optimized services, clarification of the information, leaves a sense of trust and good mentalpicture in internal and external dimensions of the organization. The basic purpose of this essay is surveying of effectivefactors electronic public relation and also we try to offer the meaning, benefits, limitations and challenges facing electronicpublic relation, to the extent possible. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Identifying architecture graduates’ social, personal and educational barriers for playing an effective role in society
arash abinama mohsen kameli cyrus bavar

10.30495/hoviatshahr.2022.18025

University, a source of science production, can play an important role in the development of society in economic, social, cultural, and political dimensions. If universities and training centers do not succeed in this endeavor, a gap between what students learn and the More

University, a source of science production, can play an important role in the development of society in economic, social, cultural, and political dimensions. If universities and training centers do not succeed in this endeavor, a gap between what students learn and the needs of the professional environment will emerge. Also, playing the effective role of architects in society is an essential issue. However, architecture graduates do not have a proper perspective of their professional future, and despite their theoretical knowledge, they face many obstacles in society. We are now in an age where we are witnessing drastic changes in the labor market. This deprives the persons’ job security, assurance, and expands the range of skills that he needs to learn in order to enter the professional environment. To promote Iranian architecture education, efforts have been made by researchers in the form of histories and reviews of curriculum units, but it is not reviewed to know what are the barriers ahead graduates to play an effective, and professional role. Therefore, investigating, in this case, is very important and necessary for entrepreneurship, skills training, and the development of cooperation between universities, industry, and the promotion of architectural education. This article identifies the barriers and related important parameters. It tries to identify the educational problems, difficulties, and development of teachers’ education, more effective educational programs and promoting students' learning to adapt to the professional environment in society. In this research, a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods has been used. Therefore, using the method of analytical-exploratory research deals with this issue. First, using the Delphi method and qualitative analysis by MAXQDA, a questionnaire was prepared for surveying architecture graduates and specialists, and 384 people were selected as the sample of this study by Cochran test. Then the answers to the questionnaire were quantitatively analyzed using factor analysis by SPSS and parallel analysis. Findings show that after the final rotation of research indices by the Varimax method, correlated indices were placed in all three categories. The first category includes items Q5, Q18, and Q8 with a factor loading of 0.804, -0.736, 0.498, and the second category includes items Q12, Q4, and Q17 with a factor loading of 0.735, 0.732, 456. The third category includes items, Q3, Q11, Q9, and Q16 with a factor loading of 0.606, 0.602, -0.510, -0.444. The names of educational and skill barriers, social and cultural barriers, individual and psychological barriers, were selected for the factors, after interpreting the nature of the related indicators. Finally, it is found that these three barriers are ahead of architecture graduates and their important factors are: lack of practical training and soft skills, lack of proper business model, and credentialism. Research and presentation of various solutions in the field of all indicators of the three barriers, especially the final indicators, is very important and can be the issue of starting future research and can be used by major policymakers of higher education, architecture researchers, university professors, students, and Entrepreneurs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Investigation of Research Barriers and Challenges in University from the Perspective of Faculty Members of Kermanshah City
Nasim Nobahar Masoomeh Nobahar Mohsen Hamidi

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17 - Identifying and prioritizing the obstacles of cryptocurrencies in Iran
Sadigheh tootian Isfahani leila saeidi zohre Hassanpour

10.30495/ijfaes.2023.22514

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Open Access Article

18 - Designing a Model of Barriers to the Implementation of the 4th Generation Industry in the Health Care Sector with a Fuzzy Total Interpretative Structural Modeling Approach
esmaeil MazrouiNasrabadi Zahra Kheirkhah Maraghi

10.30495/jhm.2023.72806.11123

Introduction: The extensive advantages of the 4th generation of industry led to the entry of these technologies into the healthcare sector. Many countries have been able to create many competitive advantages by successfully implementing Healthcare 4.0. In Iran, the four More

Introduction: The extensive advantages of the 4th generation of industry led to the entry of these technologies into the healthcare sector. Many countries have been able to create many competitive advantages by successfully implementing Healthcare 4.0. In Iran, the fourth generation of health care has not yet been properly investigated and implemented. Identifying implementation barriers and relationships between them can help decision makers in making appropriate decisions to facilitate Healthcare 4.0 implementing. This research was done with the aim of identifying these barriers and analyzing and relationship between them. Methods: This research was done in 2 stages. In the first stage, using semi-structured interviews with experts and the use of thematic analysis, barriers were identified, and in the second stage, using a researcher-made questionnaire and the method of fuzzy total interpretative structural modeling, a causal model of relationships between barriers was designed to identify the most fundamental barriers. The method of sampling in both stages was judgment and snowball and the sample size in them is 16 and 10 people, respectively. Results: The results of interviews with experts led to the identification of 44 main barriers, which are divided into 7 categories: " barriers due to sanctions", "Financial and economic barriers", "Hardware and software barriers", "Cooperation barriers", "competitive barriers", "management barriers" and "human resource barriers" were categorized. The modeling results showed that "barriers caused by sanctions", "competitive barriers" and "human resource barriers" are respectively the most important barriers and should be given special attention in policy making. Conclusion: The results of the research presented a new perspective on the barriers to healthcare 4.0. This perspective is about barriers related to sanctions and competitive issues. As a result, it is recommended to facilitate international communication, train decision-making and problem-solving skills, and develop knowledge-based activities to remove sanctions barriers. Also, facilitating public-private partnership and facilitating the presence of international companies in the field of healthcare can help increase competition. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - Developing an Effective Academic Leadership Model at Islamic Azad University
F. Hamidifar W. Vinitwatanakhun F. Rahnamay Roodposhti

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20 - Satisfaction and Inertia Influence on Loyalty (Case study: Mobile Phone)
F. Khajouei Sh. Nayebzadeh

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of five antecedents, satisfaction, inertia, switching barriers, trust and commitment as independent variables on customer loyalty. This research studied on mobile phone industry. The method of this study was applie More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of five antecedents, satisfaction, inertia, switching barriers, trust and commitment as independent variables on customer loyalty. This research studied on mobile phone industry. The method of this study was applied in terms of aim and correlation in terms of method. A total of 379 valid responses were collected out of the 400 distributed between students of Islamic Azad University of science and research in Tehran, A stratified sampling technique was used; and the samples were randomly drawn from each group. This study employed structural equation modeling to test the hypothesized relationships and used LISREL 8.30 software; SPSS 12.0 software was used for the frequency analysis and the reliability test; the results show that satisfaction and inertia have a significant effect on loyalty. While, the effect of switching barriers, trust and commitment were not supported. In line with the results of this study could be due to provide useful information in the field of relationship marketing and services, will be valuable for researchers and marketers; Moreover, The results offered suggestions for more improved and effective in this fields. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - Factors Affecting Customer Retention Among Cell Phone Users
Gh. Ansariranani M. Mohamadian A. Sina Ghods,

Cell phone service providers are one of the most important services industries. Considering the competitive and growing market, and the fact that the cost of gaining a new customer is much more than keeping one, understanding the elements of customer rete More

Cell phone service providers are one of the most important services industries. Considering the competitive and growing market, and the fact that the cost of gaining a new customer is much more than keeping one, understanding the elements of customer retention is essential for cell phone service providers. Based on the work of Richarme (2007), this paper presents a survey that examines the variables of customer retention, including customer satisfaction, brand switching barriers, and affect. The results are based on a survey which was conducted during the late summer and early fall of 1388 in the cell phone and SIM card trade center of Tehran. The statistical population is the people of Tehran, and the statistical sample is those who were in the aforementioned place having the intent to change. The results of this research demonstrate the existence of meaningful relations among all variables. It is suggested to providers use the results of this work to analyze customer behavior and set their marketing plans accordingly. The results may be used in other services industries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - Study on Trade Restrictiveness of Agricultural Policies in Iran
G. Norouzi R. Moghaddasi S. Yazdani

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Open Access Article

23 - Explanation of Cultural Policy Making Challenges in Higher Education Institutions at Formulation, Implementation and Evaluation Stages
Ali Reza Nasiri Firuz محمد es

10.30495/jcm.2023.74265.1683

Introduction and purpose of the study: Cultural policy making includes three stages of policy formulation, program implementation and evaluation of activities. In each stage, there are some barriers that identifying and giving solutions for eliminating them and improvin More

Introduction and purpose of the study: Cultural policy making includes three stages of policy formulation, program implementation and evaluation of activities. In each stage, there are some barriers that identifying and giving solutions for eliminating them and improving existed condition can be useful. The purpose of this study is identifying barriers and solutions of cultural policy making in higher education institutions to provide identification, anticipation, feedback, improvement and excellence. Methodology: This study used qualitative method and systematic review with functional purpose. A comprehensive systematic review was undertaken drawn from different data bases researches and related citations between 1387 till 1399. A total sample of 40 references was analyzed. The criteria for choosing documents were, aligning topic, abstract, and content with cultural policy making in higher education. Findings: Findings of research showed that cultural policy making barriers can be put in three categories with their subcategories: Barriers of policy formulation( theoretical and study barriers, weakness in problem finding, methodology and lack of data bases); policy implementation barriers(barriers resulting from executors, financial barriers, legal barriers, barriers related with human resources, barriers related with management foundations and environmental barriers) and activity evaluation barriers(barriers related with data, hardware barriers, software barriers and barriers related with understanding and consciousness). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Barriers to Women participation in Cultural Activities
Mohsen Ameri Maryam Sohrabi Renan Mahdi Hoseinirad Fatimah Daee

Introduction & Objective: Women's active participation in cultural activities is anissue that always has been faced with many obstacles and problems. So that, thebarriers have become evident in various cultural, social and religious forms and eachcan effect on the l More

Introduction & Objective: Women's active participation in cultural activities is anissue that always has been faced with many obstacles and problems. So that, thebarriers have become evident in various cultural, social and religious forms and eachcan effect on the level of women's participation in activities. Hence, the aim of thisstudy was to investigate the effect of "patriarchal culture" and "mass media, withemphasis on TV programs", as some cultural barriers to women's participation incultural activities at cultural centers of Khorasgan city from the attitudes of thewomen in this city.Findings: Statistical community of all women in Khorasgan was included of 27,199people in which, by using a formula to determine the sample size, 378 were selectedas example, with multi-stage random sampling proportion to the sample size. Aresearcher made questionnaire was used to collect data and face and contentvalidity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts in this field. Reliability of themeasuring tools was estimated equivalent with 0/82 using Cronbach's alpha, whichimplies the acceptable validity of the measuring tools. Data analysis was performedin two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: Findings showed that the role of patriarchy, as hindering women'sparticipation in cultural activities, has been more than average. The TV programsplayed same role as a barrier to women's participation in activities in cultural centersof Khorazgan city. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Identification and Categorizing of Cultural Barriers to Implementation of Knowledge Management within Line and Staff Departments in Irankhodro Co
کاوه تیمورنژاد رضا نجف بیگی عباس بهمنی

Introduction and Purpose: One of the best ways for that is implementation Knowledge. Ardichvili explain that KM is one key solution to make a permanent competitive advantage for organizations. But there are some barriers for the companies to implement knowledge manageme More

Introduction and Purpose: One of the best ways for that is implementation Knowledge. Ardichvili explain that KM is one key solution to make a permanent competitive advantage for organizations. But there are some barriers for the companies to implement knowledge management. According to view of the Somme researchers like Saeed, Rayan, Simon and etc, one of the most important barriers to implement knowledge management is Cultural Barriers. In this article, we consider some cultural barrier in one of the organization that the manager's wanted implement knowledge management. Method: After studying and comparing the European standards and to identify cultural barriers to implementing knowledge management, a questionnaire was prepared for data collection. Using random sampling, 195 subjects were selected from among the workers of Iran Khodro Company, and data were collected. Using the Spearman test for correlation between variables was examined with the Friedman test was used to rank cultural barriers.  Results: With Friedman's test, the most important barrier is inappropriate reward system. And then the other obstacles categorized the failure in experience transfer , the fear of losing face , lack of mutual trust , the differences between the declarations and the actions of the managers and finally  the syndrome ‘it has not been invented here' were categorized. With regression s' test, the difference between the declarations and the actions of the managers is first obstacles to implement knowledge management in IKCO. Conclusions: According to the results, we understand the cultural barriers to implement knowledge management in the company were existing in the period of this research winter of 1389. So the top manager and the employees must attend to concept of knowledge management with using the appropriate guide, training and etc,.    Based on the ranking of the barriers, the top manager must also focus on the most important of them, reward systems and the difference between the declaration and the Acton of the managers and the others in order. They could prepare a good plan with views of the experts and the professors from universities to remove and decrease the effect of these barriers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Barriers to research by the faculty of Islamic Azad University Sari Branch
فرشیده ضامنی ترانه عنایتی رضا بهنام فر

Introduction and Aim: Awareness of the barriers of research for effective planning in order to improve the quality and quantity of research in universities seem to be necessary.So this study was done in order to identify the main barriers of research and evaluate th More

Introduction and Aim: Awareness of the barriers of research for effective planning in order to improve the quality and quantity of research in universities seem to be necessary.So this study was done in order to identify the main barriers of research and evaluate the current situation in the Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch . Methodology: The research was descrip􀀧ve, survey. 113 people were selected by simple random method from statistical population whom was faculty members of Islamic Azad University, Sari branch (162 people) in 2011 academic year. Researcher made ques􀀧onnaire with 26 ques􀀧ons in 5 point likert was used which its face and content validity was confirmed and its reliability was 0.75. Data were analyzed by factor analyses and one sample t test using SPSS . Findings: “Research social culture” and “instruction base” were the most important factors and “supportive system” was the least important factor of research barriers in Islamic Azad University faculty members’ point of view . Conclusion: Precise identification of barriers of research and overcome them in order to increase the quality and quantity of academic research is essential   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Providing sociological solutions to remove cultural, social and economic barriers to youth marriage in Ardabil province
محسن علایی بوسجین

10.30495/jisds.2007.21339

Marriage is a common and social phenomenon which is as old as human beings. The subject of marriage and family formation has been one of the controversial issues for religions, philosophers, sociologists, psychologists, educators, poets, writers and artists. Due its imp More

Marriage is a common and social phenomenon which is as old as human beings. The subject of marriage and family formation has been one of the controversial issues for religions, philosophers, sociologists, psychologists, educators, poets, writers and artists. Due its importance, this study aimed to investigate the barriers to youth marriage and provide solutions for them. Since young people today face many obstacles to marriage, this study sought to identify and examine social, cultural and economic barriers they experience when they plan to get married. This research was a survey study and the data were collected by a questionnaire. The statistical population was young people who were likely to get married. The participants of the study were 384 people selected by simple random sampling. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The results showed that social, cultural, and economic barriers have been influential in delaying the marriage age of the youth from the perspective of the respondents. The findings indicate that these barriers and their components lead to an increase in the marriage age. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Development of Sociological Solutions to Remove Cultural, Social and Economic Barriers and Problems of Youth Marriage
Mohsen Alaie Bousjin

Marriage is a general and social phenomenon that has a human twin. The subject of marriage and family formation is one of the issues discussed by religions, philosophers, sociologists, psychologists, educators, poets, writers and artists. Due to this important issue, th More

Marriage is a general and social phenomenon that has a human twin. The subject of marriage and family formation is one of the issues discussed by religions, philosophers, sociologists, psychologists, educators, poets, writers and artists. Due to this important issue, the purpose of this study is to investigate the barriers and problems of youth marriage to provide a solution. Since young people today face many barriers and problems for marriage, this study seeks to identify and examine social, cultural and economic barriers. It is on the way to youth marriage. This research is a survey in Ardabil and the data collection tool is a questionnaire. The statistical population is young people prone to marriage. 384 people were selected as a statistical sample by simple random sampling. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The results show that social, cultural and cultural barriers. Economics has been effective in delaying the age of youth from the perspective of respondents. This means that with the increase of these barriers and its components, the age of youth for marriage also increases. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - The factors affecting the changes in the urban planning system of using grounded theory
مهناز حسینی سیاه گلی مصطفی قدمی

Urbanization and the specific problems of urbanization, more than ever Attention to the design of effective strategies to optimize the lives of citizens is essential. In The aim of this study was to investigate barriers Quad change (attitudinal barriers - knowledge, nor More

Urbanization and the specific problems of urbanization, more than ever Attention to the design of effective strategies to optimize the lives of citizens is essential. In The aim of this study was to investigate barriers Quad change (attitudinal barriers - knowledge, norms - behavioral, communication, institutional) of the Comprehensive Plan to the Strategic Plan in Iran.method is qualitative methods. Sampling was targeted was available. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews, Barriers were identified. The population in the qualitative phase consisted of 5 professors and consultants That in the master plan and strategic planning activities or the activities they have been. The quantitative analytical research. In this section, rankings and barriers identified were examined. The results show that the most important barrier to the knowledge attitude barrier to urban planning system in Iran. This makes the Given the importance of attitudinal factors - knowledge, By removing barriers to the index, you must first attitude and knowledge of the two major categories Conservative and the resistance is strengthened, If these two issues be addressed And the gap between the two is Surely the way to achieve ideal conditions in terms of other indicators to achieve the strategic approach will be facilitated. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - Management of Noise Pollution Control in Highway
عباس علی قیومی لیلا خوبان پروین نصیری

The increasing population growth, along with the industrial development of big cities have brought for various problems for the citizens, among which the noise pollution is considered as the most important one. And now as time passes, its dimensions are more evident and More

The increasing population growth, along with the industrial development of big cities have brought for various problems for the citizens, among which the noise pollution is considered as the most important one. And now as time passes, its dimensions are more evident and have attracted the attention of the relevant authorities and urban designers. Installation of noise barriers near highways is the most common way to reduce noise pollution. Noise barriers do not often have the necessary efficiency for the societies in which they are expected to work. However, in some cases, with a little accuracy in design, these barriers would have a considerably high efficiency.This paper evaluates different active and passive protection methods to control noise pollution in the highways and studies effective factors used in highways as a passive control method of sound barriers.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - Identifying Barriers to Development of Geographic nformation Systems (GIS) in Urban Areas Services and providing perational Strategies (case study: Shiraz City Hall)
اسماعیل کاوسی حسین وظیفه دوست علی قادری

The purpose of this article is to identify barriers to the development of geographical information systems and to provide solutions in Shiraz City Hall. For this purpose, by identifying the statistical population and selecting the descriptive research method, the hypoth More

The purpose of this article is to identify barriers to the development of geographical information systems and to provide solutions in Shiraz City Hall. For this purpose, by identifying the statistical population and selecting the descriptive research method, the hypotheses of previous studies are drawn in form of questionnaires for conducting a survey among the statistical population. After analyzing the statistical data, it was determined that all the five hypotheses were confirmed, so that according to the statistical population, financial problems, safety and technical problems, cultural problems, lack of use or poor use of geographic information systems in other municipalities and related organizations in the field of urban services of the City Hall of Shiraz and the lack of familiarity of high-ranking managers and members of the City Hall of Shiraz (urban managers) with the capabilities of geographic information systems, prevent the development of geographic information systems in the field of urban services of Shiraz City Hall. Finally, referring to the second statistical population i.e. experts and scholars of developing geographic information systems, their proposed solutions to elimination of barriers to development are offered.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - Identifying the obstacles to the export of agricultural products in Hormozgan province using grounded theory
Jafar Yaghoubi Mohammad Behroozi Haydar Gholizadeh

10.30495/jaeer.2023.73079.10966

The agricultural sector as a commercial sector in Iran has important advantages can help as an important economic sector for the development of non-oil exports. Despite having a relative advantage in the production of some agricultural products, this sector unfortunatel More

The agricultural sector as a commercial sector in Iran has important advantages can help as an important economic sector for the development of non-oil exports. Despite having a relative advantage in the production of some agricultural products, this sector unfortunately does not have a significant contribution to the country's exports and foreign exchange earnings. According to the above problem, the purpose of this study was to identify the obstacles to the export of agricultural products. The approach of this study was qualitative and grounded theory methodology was used in this study. Data in this study were collected by using semi-structured interviews with 17 exporters of agricultural products in Hormozgan province. By analyzing the content of the interviews, 100 conceptual propositions related to the purpose of the research were extracted during open coding. These concepts were categorized into 22 subcategories during axial coding and then into 6 general categories during selective coding. According to this category, the most important obstacles to the export of agricultural products include Inefficiencies in the production stage of products, policy and legal obstacles, inefficient infrastructure and bureaucracy, hardware and software inefficiency of the customs system, insufficiency and high cost of the sea transportation system, and problems of sales management and transfer of export currency resulting from the restriction. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - Fuzzy Screening of Barriers and obstacles of Rural Entrepreneurship in Iran
Zakaria Mohammadi Tamari Hamid Rastegari Maryam Sharifzadeh

Entrepreneurship Development is the most practical strategy to exit the economic and social crisis in Iran, especially this issue needs to identifying its barriers and difficulties and solving them in rural communities. The aim of this article was to identify and assess More

Entrepreneurship Development is the most practical strategy to exit the economic and social crisis in Iran, especially this issue needs to identifying its barriers and difficulties and solving them in rural communities. The aim of this article was to identify and assess the most important barriers of rural entrepreneurship in Iran. For this purpose, Fuzzy Delphi process was used based on group thinking of the 10 qualified experts, who were selected with purposive sampling method. The results showed that among the five major groups of barriers, including: individual-personality barriers, political- institutional, economic, social and cultural, education and basic,the economic barriers group was higher ranked. In this group, the barriers of  disability to change jobs in the rural environment and lack of access to factors of production placed the first order (with 0.133 weighting), both low familiarity with the new requirements of the labor market and credit facilities and high-interest loans got the second place (with 0.125 standard weighting) and lack of awareness of how to enter the market and expand market share, gaining initial capital and liquidity difficulties and the lack of the requirements for selling and supplying the products placed the third rank (with 0.122 standard weighting). Finally, suggestion and practical suggestions were presented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - Barriers in Application of Biological Fertilizer in Chardavl Shirvan Township of Ilam Province from Farmers Point of View
Mona Arabseyfi Maryam Omidi Najafabadi Alireza Poursaeed

The Purpose of This study was to investigate the barriers of application of Biological Fertilizer in Chardavl Shirvan town ship of Ilam Province from Farmers Point of View. This was an applied, research using descriptive-survey method. The population for this research w More

The Purpose of This study was to investigate the barriers of application of Biological Fertilizer in Chardavl Shirvan town ship of Ilam Province from Farmers Point of View. This was an applied, research using descriptive-survey method. The population for this research was farmers (N=1500) and the sample size was )n=501( selected by the Cochran formula and Stratified proportional method. The tool is a study questionnaire. The validity was confirmed by a specialized team and also reliability was measured by using Cronbach’s alpha (upper than 78%) using SPSS 16 software. Factor analysis was used to identify Barriers of Biological Fertilizer Application in Chardavl Shirvan township of Ilam Province from Farmers Perception. The results Showed that the important barriers in Application of Biological Fertilizer include: barriers training extension, barriers policy, social barriers, economic barriers and environmental barriers. These barriers were explained with a%50 /15 Variance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

35 - Identify Barriers and Strategies in the Agricultural School Education System in Khuzestan Province (From the Perspective of Students and Trainees)
Mohammad Moradi Ahmad Reza Ommani

The purpose of this research was to investigate the status of the educational system of agricultural schools in Khuzestan province. The research method was survey. In this research, teachers and students of agricultural schools in Khouzestan province comprised 53 and 80 More

The purpose of this research was to investigate the status of the educational system of agricultural schools in Khuzestan province. The research method was survey. In this research, teachers and students of agricultural schools in Khouzestan province comprised 53 and 801 members of the study population. The sample size was 260 students. All teachers were studied. In order to evaluate the validity of the research tool, a panel of experts and reliability of the Cronbach Alpha coefficient were used. According to students' disappointment and worries about the future, the weakness of the students in the lessons and the lack of attention to the quality of education was one of the most important barriers to the educational system in the agricultural schools of Khuzestan.According to the teachers' view, the low level of average years prior to entering the field, disappointment and concern about the future of the job and the lack of educational per capita were the most important obstacles in the educational system of agricultural schools in Khuzestan.Based on the results of factor analysis, a review of the educational structure of the vocational schools, the promotion of equipment and inter-sectoral collaboration, analysis of textbooks with the view of the students and entrepreneurship development, teacher satisfaction and improvement of educational evaluation and increasing the authorities' authority and improving the internship were 5 factors, which totaled 42.542% of variable variations explained the strategies for improving the educational system of agricultural schools. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

36 - Barriers and Obstacles of Producing low Input Pistachio: The Case of Dasht Robat District of Sharbabak
Farangis Sadat Hoseini Dana Mehdi Nooripoor

The human being has faced new crisis due to inappropriate and indiscriminate use of chemical materials in the process of agricultural production. Organic/ low-input agriculture has developed as a tool to face with upcoming issues and maintain ecological balance toward s More

The human being has faced new crisis due to inappropriate and indiscriminate use of chemical materials in the process of agricultural production. Organic/ low-input agriculture has developed as a tool to face with upcoming issues and maintain ecological balance toward sustainability. Thus, current study used a qualitative research method approach to investigate barriers and problems of organic/ low-input pistachio production in Dasht Robat District of Sharbabak County. Interview technique was used for data collection among key informant people who had adequate information about organic/ low-input products identified via snowball sampling. Results of present study showed that barriers of producing low input pistachio production were economic, market, education, application, production, hygiene, management, policy making, culture and participation. The common components were classified in five groups including application, economic, legal, technical and social factors using axial coding. More detailed findings are presented in the body of the paper. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

37 - Analyzing the Barriers and Challenges of Failure to Achieve the Economic, Social and Cultural Development Goals of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Agricultural Sector
Golam reza Yavari Vahid Azizi

This study aims to investigate the reasons of not achieving the goals of first to fifth programs of social, economic and cultural development of the Islamic republic of Iran in Sector of Agriculture. The statistical population of this study consists of professionals who More

This study aims to investigate the reasons of not achieving the goals of first to fifth programs of social, economic and cultural development of the Islamic republic of Iran in Sector of Agriculture. The statistical population of this study consists of professionals who have sufficient information and deep understanding of the case study through Nonprobability Sampling and snowball sampling method, 100 people were identified and studied. Questionnaires were used to collect data. Validity and reliability were confirmed through a panel of specialists and Cronbach's alpha calculation (0.70 to 0.85). Factor analysis method was used to analyze the results. Based on the results, the most important reasons for not achieving the goals of development programs in the agricultural sector respectively are Economic-political barriers, Executive-structural barriers, scientific barriers and Socio-cultural barriers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

38 - Explaining Barriers to Develop Agriculture in Villages of The Rostam County
ehsan Bazyar Mostafa Ahmadvand

The study was performed in the form of survey, aimed at explaining barriers to develop agriculture in the Rostam County (Fars Province). The statistical population of the study was composed of all farmers at the intended area. For this purp More

The study was performed in the form of survey, aimed at explaining barriers to develop agriculture in the Rostam County (Fars Province). The statistical population of the study was composed of all farmers at the intended area. For this purpose, the number of households in villages with more than 20 households (10 villages), was counted (672 households). Then, 220 households were determined as sample based on Krejcie and  Morgan sample size table and distributed among selected villages proportionally. In this study, the main tool for data collection was a questionnaire. The accuracy of indices and variables in the questionnaire (face validity) was confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was approved by calculating Cronbach's alpha (α=0.83).  Factor analysis was used to analyze the data. The KMO test and Bartlett statistics were considered for measuring internal consistency of items. Results suggested that the internal consistency of items is suitable for using factorial analysis technique (KMO=0.706) and Bartlett statistics was significant (p=0.001). Regarding Keiser criteria, 10 factors with Eigen-values greater than 1 were extracted in this study. They explained 58.491% of variance for total factors. Accordingly, 10 factors entitled; economic, social, facility, water, training-primitive, organizational-managerial, capital, planning, participatory and technical were recognized as the barriers to develop agriculture, neglecting which could jeopardize the future of agriculture in this area. Finally, regarding the results of this study, some recommendations have been provided to overcome the barriers to develop agriculture.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

39 - Challenges and barriers to encourage graduates of library and information science to entrepreneurship and job creation
Zeinab Safavi Khadijeh Moradi

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the challenges and barriers to encourage graduates of library and information science to entrepreneurship and job creation Method: The society of this research was150 graduates of library and information science (employe More

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the challenges and barriers to encourage graduates of library and information science to entrepreneurship and job creation Method: The society of this research was150 graduates of library and information science (employed or unemployed) who were randomly selected. After collecting the questionnaires, 122 questionnaires were returned. The data collection tool is researcher made questionnaire. To determine the status of data the binomial test and to rank the influencing factors of entrepreneurship Friedman test was used. Findings: The most important barrier to encourage entrepreneurship and job creation among graduates of library and information science is lack the proper training of professional skills to earn money. Also they believed that lack of formal and informal proper institutions for entrepreneurship is the least effective. Conclusions: The results show that its necessary to revised on outlines of education and entrepreneurship training course to be added, removed Specialized courses from theoretical and, students become familiar with practical aspects of that, offer appropriate training in entrepreneurial skills, Students' view of the nature of field change by teachers, knowledge-based economy and its importance in business education should be taught by teachers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

40 - Study and Resolution of Legal Obstacles for Foreign Investment in Iran’s Real Estate
Ahmad Shams jamshid nourshargh Alireza Mosadegh

Economic globalization has resulted in an increased competition between the countries to improve their economic indexes. Analyses performed by prominent economists indicated that foreign investment is one of the most sustainable and reliable resources for the economic i More

Economic globalization has resulted in an increased competition between the countries to improve their economic indexes. Analyses performed by prominent economists indicated that foreign investment is one of the most sustainable and reliable resources for the economic infrastructure development and production potential enhancement, which can alleviate the economic problems caused by shortcoming of domestic investment resources. The significant role of Iran’s real estate market in investment stability and preservation of property value that emerged from the socio - economic and legal texture of the country, as well as the considerable population growth that resulted in a profitable real estate investment, have drawn the attention of the foreign investors to Iran’s real estate market. Recent manuscripts have investigated the legal obstacles for foreign investment by individuals and legal entities in Iran’s real estate based upon Islamic Jurisprudence, national security, and legal references, subsequently, verified practical and realistic solutions to the aforementioned predicament. Research Approach:This manuscript is compiled using library and electronic resources, scientific and research manuscripts, and technical papers; the research approach is analytical-descriptive. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

41 - Meta-Synthesis of Factors and Barriers Influencing the Participation of Iranian Students in Sports Activities
fahimeh rivandi مهوش نوربخش مهدی کهندل پریوش نوربخش

The existence of a large volume of studies on the participation of students in sports activities, with somewhat ambiguous and contradictory results, has posed challenges in planning and policymaking in this field. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate and consolidate More

The existence of a large volume of studies on the participation of students in sports activities, with somewhat ambiguous and contradictory results, has posed challenges in planning and policymaking in this field. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate and consolidate the findings of previous research. This present study aims to go meta-synthesis of factors and barriers influencing the participation of students in sports activities. The research methodology employed is a systematic review that aims to synthesize qualitative studies. The statistical population of this study consists of qualitative studies (articles and theses) published between the years 2006 and 2021, which were accessible as full-text in the databases and university libraries. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 studies were reviewed. In this study, a designed checklist was used for data collection. To ensure quality control, the validity and reliability of the extraction codes were assessed, and the validity of the codes was evaluated using the Glynn’s agreement coefficient. For the analysis of the research findings, the topic synthesis method and the MAXQDA software were utilized. The findings indicate that in explaining the factors and barriers influencing student participation in sports, three general environmental factors and barriers can be identified: general environmental factors and barriers, operational environmental factors and barriers, and internal environmental factors and barriers. Among these, the environmental factors and barriers are considered the most significant variables in predicting student participation in sports activities. Based on these results, it is necessary to focus on environmental factors and barriers when explaining student sports participation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

42 - Behavioral Barriers to Women's Marriage from Qur'an and Traditions’ Viewpoint
Hossein Rahmani Tirkkalai

Marriage – as a divine tradition in the world – would lead to the perfection and growth of both men and women, and women play a pivotal role in accomplishing the effects of marriage as the pole of this sacred issue. However, there are moral obstacles in More

Marriage – as a divine tradition in the world – would lead to the perfection and growth of both men and women, and women play a pivotal role in accomplishing the effects of marriage as the pole of this sacred issue. However, there are moral obstacles in the way of marriage that women are experiencing especially in the present era; these harms would prevent the formation of the necessary conditions for marriage. These barriers are sometimes rooted in women's thoughts and sometimes in their actions and families have more or less foment them with their behaviors. This research seeks to explain these moral barriers with a descriptive – analytical method and the author has finally concluded that women's marriage has various obstacles, the most important of which are moral ones and declining them may cause delays and effects in girls' marriage and as a result, increase the age of marriage and social problems. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

43 - Investigating the Barriers to Promoting the Academic Rank of Women Academic Membership in Public Universities
javad sadeqi jafari fateme malekloo

The purpose of this article is to investigate the obstacles to obtaining the necessary points to promote the academic rank of women faculty members in the framework of the "Regulations for the promotion of the academic rank of faculty members." The research method is de More

The purpose of this article is to investigate the obstacles to obtaining the necessary points to promote the academic rank of women faculty members in the framework of the "Regulations for the promotion of the academic rank of faculty members." The research method is descriptive survey and the data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire with 30 items. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its reliability was confirmed by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. This coefficient was obtained as 0.91 for the whole scale. The statistical sample includes  71 women faculty members of state universities. For this purpose, 6 main universities were selected and by collecting the email address of the target community, an online questionnaire was sent in Google Form and data was collected. Data analysis showed that female academics placed the challenges of obtaining "executive activities" points in the first rank and the "research activities" points in the second rank. The challenges of earning points in the "cultural" and "educational" duties of the faculty member are of third importance. On the other hand, the two variables "family issues" and "organizational issues" at the same level, prevent the necessary points from obtaining the necessary points of the four axes of the bylaw, and with a large distance from these two variables, there are "individual and personality" factors of women. In this article, it is concluded that women with real obstacles due to engaging in family roles and mainly cultural characteristics of the university organization in an unequal competition with men in order to obtain the necessary points provided in the promotion regulations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

44 - women and politics
Shohreh Shahsavari Fard

Contemporary society is moving from traditional viewpoints to modern settings. The characteristic of the transitional period is the chaos evolved regarding the general state of affairs as well as both the behavioral and thought developments in a given society. Nonethele More

Contemporary society is moving from traditional viewpoints to modern settings. The characteristic of the transitional period is the chaos evolved regarding the general state of affairs as well as both the behavioral and thought developments in a given society. Nonetheless, among these developments, women have not found a deserved place in political participation. Also, they have been judged as an incomplete political entity. The current study delves into the social losses of women through a descriptive-analytical study design. It investigates the notion that females have been diverted from the social interaction network and their way towards high levels of political power structures has been made difficult based on the various reasons rooted in the traditional social and economic belief structures. In other words, the participation of women in the higher levels of different organizations suffers from social, political, cultural, traditional, and personal barriers. Although the number of women specializing in society and work force has increased, their progress in decision making in the higher levels of political power structures has not reported to be significant. At present, the number of females in power structures of the world has been decreased dramatically comparing the last years in a way that they comprise less than five percent of the total world leaders." Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

45 - Barriers and Challenges of Peace and Dialogue with an Emphasis on Ideas of Imam Khomeini (ra) (With an Emphasis on Nahj Al-Balagha)
ابوالفضل فخرالاسلام محمود قیوم زاده خرانقی

Imam Khomeini (ra) is one of the unparalleled and outstanding figures of human history, divinely high ideas of whom can open the ways for human community in all fields. Imam Khomeini (ra) maintained that divine religion is based on nature that has good, God-seeking, pea More

Imam Khomeini (ra) is one of the unparalleled and outstanding figures of human history, divinely high ideas of whom can open the ways for human community in all fields. Imam Khomeini (ra) maintained that divine religion is based on nature that has good, God-seeking, peace-seeking and justice-seeking character; it has nothing to do with violence and he said any attempt to create violence and religion bond whether interpersonal, social and in international order is doomed to failure. The message of Islam and ideals of Imam Khomeini (ra) is to avoid violence, to emphasize on peace and co-existence as strong pillars of peace in human community and to have dialogue, logic and reasoning as suitable and firm method for understanding differences and approximating thoughts. To Imam Khomeini (ra), there are challenges and barriers for dialogue and peace that human community must remove. For Imam Khomeini (ra), the barriers for sustainable peace in the world are disregarding independence of countries and intervening in their affairs, disobeying the principle of mutual respect, absence of unity among nations, fake peace, humiliating peace, unequal distribution of power, competitive system of superpowers, dependence of international organizations, disremembering justice and spirituality in aims of peace and controlling weapons by wrong crowd. Imam Khomeini (ra) believes that real and sustainable peace can only be achieved by the last Proof, Imam Mahdi (may Allah hasten his emergence) thanks to the world barriers; at that time, oppressors and the arrogant powers will become defeated and there will be real and honorable peace established based on divine teachings all over the world. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

46 - Explaining barriers to underdevelopment with emphasis on socio-cultural development with GT approach (Case study: Bilesvar city)
ghader dolatkhah Tahereh Mirsardoo abdolreza adhami

The present article explains the obstacles to the underdevelopment of the city of Bilesvar by emphasizing socio-cultural development and the understanding and interpretation of the people involved and natives of this region of development. The study method of this resea More

The present article explains the obstacles to the underdevelopment of the city of Bilesvar by emphasizing socio-cultural development and the understanding and interpretation of the people involved and natives of this region of development. The study method of this research is qualitative and grounded theory has been used to analyze and present the data. In this research, observational and documentary information was collected by the researcher and interview information was provided with 14 university professors, managers and experts in the social and cultural areas of the city have been collected. To determine the interviewees, qualitative-purposeful sampling method and theoretical saturation logic were used. Based on the findings, the causal conditions of this study were identified as ethnic and tribal context, lack of elitism, dependence on government and weakness of social capital. Ecological problems and low investment are also classified in terms of inpatient or underlying conditions. Unbalanced development, which includes other categories, was abstracted as the core category of this study, and conflict with the status quo and adaptation to the prevailing conditions as a category of interaction or strategy that perpetuates underdevelopment, poor quality of life and migration, consequences of such actions and reactions. The results of data analysis of the present study and the proposed background model show that the people of Bilesvar interpret the causes of underdevelopment as uneven and uncoordinated development that these unbalanced elements in general and along with each other have caused the phenomenon. Keywords: development, underdevelopment, socio-cultural barriers, Bilesvar city Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

47 - Explaining barriers of Development with emphasis on social-cultural development with GT approach (Case of study: Bilesavar city)
Ghader Dolatkhah Ajirloo Tahereh Mirsardoo Abdolreza Adhami

Development requires change, and development that seeks to improve the society will not occur without profound changes in socio-cultural structures. The present article explains the obstacles to the underdevelopment of the city of Bilesavar by emphasizing socio-cultural More

Development requires change, and development that seeks to improve the society will not occur without profound changes in socio-cultural structures. The present article explains the obstacles to the underdevelopment of the city of Bilesavar by emphasizing socio-cultural development and the understanding and interpretation of the people involved and natives of this region of development. The study method of this research is qualitative and grounded theory has been used to analyze and present the data. In this research, observational and documentary information was collected by the researcher and interview information was provided with 14 university professors, managers and experts in the social and cultural areas of the city have been collected. To determine the interviewees, qualitative-purposeful sampling method and theoretical saturation logic were used. Based on the findings, the causal conditions of this study were identified as ethnic and tribal context, lack of elitism, dependence on government and weakness of social capital. Ecological problems and low investment are also classified in terms of inpatient or underlying conditions. Unbalanced development, which includes other categories, was abstracted as the core category of this study, and conflict with the status quo and adaptation to the prevailing conditions as a category of interaction or strategy that perpetuates underdevelopment, poor quality of life and migration, consequences of such actions and reactions. The results of data analysis of the present study and the proposed background model show that the people of Bilesavar interpret the causes of underdevelopment as uneven and uncoordinated development that these unbalanced elements in general and along with each other have caused the phenomenon. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

48 - Research Barriers for Educators
سیف اله فضل الهی قمیشی عباس علی نوروزی منصوره ملکی توانا

This study aimed to assess research barriers for educators and its related solutions. This is a descriptive survey study. Statistical population was middle school teachers in district 2 of education and training organization in Qom (Iran). 97 educators were selected thr More

This study aimed to assess research barriers for educators and its related solutions. This is a descriptive survey study. Statistical population was middle school teachers in district 2 of education and training organization in Qom (Iran). 97 educators were selected through random sampling. Data collection was done using a researcher-made questionnaire (its reliability was 0.87) based on a five point Likert scale. Data analysis was done through descriptive and differential statistics (X2 test, one-sample Z-test and ANOVA). Results showed that cultural, individual (technical and specialization) factors, method of presenting research services, administrative-structural and motivational factors were preventive factors affecting educators’ research performance. In addition, the most frequent barriers were lack of team working in research performance, lack of institutionalized culture in the field of research, lack of authorities’ attention toward educators’ research. The most important solutions were to allocate some educators’ time to research, and to pay attention to their earning. There was no significant difference between different barriers Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

49 - The Barriers and Problems in Implementation of Descriptive Evaluation in Special Schools Mentally Retarded
leila mohagheghian Seyed Ibrahim MirShah Jafari

This study aim to identify barriers and difficulties in implementation of descriptive evaluation in special schools mentally retarded in Isfahan city in years 92-93. The method of this research was descriptive-survey. The population was, all teachers that employed in sp More

This study aim to identify barriers and difficulties in implementation of descriptive evaluation in special schools mentally retarded in Isfahan city in years 92-93. The method of this research was descriptive-survey. The population was, all teachers that employed in special schools mentally retarded, at the first grade to fifth, that was 108. The sample size by formula Cochran, was determined 90. The sampling method was random stratified. Collect data, a questionnaire. Validity is verified by experts and reliability, based on alpha Korenbakh were obtained 0/97. Data analysis using software SPSS-19, was done two levels descriptive and inferential statistics(T-test, univariate and multivariate (ANOVA). The results showed that lack of in-service classes and workshops for special schools, lack editing books and tuition sources, time consuming to complete logs educational performance, the high psychological pressure governing the lives of parents and lack of workshop and laboratory facilities, of the most barriers and problems of the implementation descriptive evaluation in special schools mentally retarded.It is suggested to holding in-service educational and practical workshops for special schools mentally retarded . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

50 - Investigating the Implementation Barriers of the Fundamental Evolution Education Document Based on the Fullan Model:Case study of the field of aesthetic and artistic education
Fatemeh Sadat Bitarafan Marjan Sojoodi marziye dehghani

10.30486/jsre.2020.1884437.1515

The main purpose of this study is to identify the administrative barriers in the field of aesthetic and artistic education of the Fundamental Evolution Document in education, based on the Fullan model (2007). The field of artistic education has been forgotten and neglec More

The main purpose of this study is to identify the administrative barriers in the field of aesthetic and artistic education of the Fundamental Evolution Document in education, based on the Fullan model (2007). The field of artistic education has been forgotten and neglected, despite the tremendous impact it can have on morale and, consequently, on the learning of learners and even their educators.This research project is the "combined" type (simultaneous test). The study population included two independent groups of curriculum and education specialists (in the qualitative section) as well as primary school teachers (in the quantitative section). The sample size includes 12 curriculum and education specialists and 120 primary school teachers .The sampling method in the first part (qualitative) is theoretical and purposeful method and its tools include semi-constructed and unstructured interview and in the second part (quantitative) it is "purposeful and preferable" and the research tool includes a 30 questions researcher-made questionnaire. Quantitative data analysis involves the Wilcoxon single-sample and Friedman tests to rank the Barriers to the implementation of the Fundamental Evolution Document based on the components of the Fullen model. Qualitative data analysis was also performed using the seven-step )Colaizzi, 1987) method. The results of the study confirm the gap between the designers of the Evolution Document and its implementers in schools, which, in addition to other existing administrative barriers,contributes to the inefficiency of the Fundamental Evolution Document in the implementation phase. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

51 - Explaining Barriers of Acceptance and Implementation of Innovation in Farhangian University Curriculum
sohrab najafi Yahya Maroofi

10.30486/jsre.2020.1873400.1424

Global experiences suggest that the success of innovative programs is not limited to its design and development, but the successful adoption and implementation requires the participation, collaboration, acceptance and dissemination by stakeholders in the implementation More

Global experiences suggest that the success of innovative programs is not limited to its design and development, but the successful adoption and implementation requires the participation, collaboration, acceptance and dissemination by stakeholders in the implementation phase of programs that Farhangian University and its curriculum are not excluded.The purpose this research was explaining barriers of the acceptance and implementation of innovation in Farhangian University curriculum. The population of the study consisted of experts in the field of teacher education and curriculum with at least one article or textbook on teacher education and the sample consisted of 14 participants, selected by purposeful sampling method and based on theoretical saturation rule. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using a quantitative approach. Using thematic analysis, 1 overarching theme, 7 organizing theme, and 27 basic theme were identified as the main barriers of acceptance and implementation of innovation in Farhangian University curriculum. The barriers of cultural, power, social, individual, executive, organizational, and trans-organization are the most important obstacles to the acceptance of innovation in the curriculum of Farhangian University. Finally, suggestions were made to increase the level of acceptance and reduce the resistance to innovation in Farhangian university curriculum. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

52 - Investigating Barries of nature schools development
farzaneh Solei,mani nader soleimani axtar jamali reza Shabannejad Khas

10.30486/jsre.2020.1898326.1633

The recent study aimed at investigating and determining threats and weaknesses associated with Nature Schools Development in Iran. The recent research was qualitative. The data from the semi-structured interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. In this More

The recent study aimed at investigating and determining threats and weaknesses associated with Nature Schools Development in Iran. The recent research was qualitative. The data from the semi-structured interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. In this method, data were categorized and conceptualized based on perception. This study were conducted with the participation of 15 experts. Participants were selected among Administrators, facilitators and the experts who were master on nature school subject. The participants were selected through purposeful sampling among nature schools specialists in state of Tehran, Khorasan Razavi and Yazd. Selecting contributes with the widest variety has increased the credibility of the data. The research findings were identified in five main groups, including barriers due to the policy framework, not recognizing the experience of nature in childhood, cultural and social barriers, the system failure of research and development, limited financial resources and facilities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

53 - An Overview of the Challenges and Perspectives of Women's Sports Participation with a Social Marketing Approach
Elham Moshkelgosha

10.30486/4s.2022.1968242.1066

Objective: The purpose of the research is to examine the challenges and perspectives of women's sports participation.Methodology: In this article, an attempt has been made to investigate the status of women's participation in sports activities, its causes and challenges More

Objective: The purpose of the research is to examine the challenges and perspectives of women's sports participation.Methodology: In this article, an attempt has been made to investigate the status of women's participation in sports activities, its causes and challenges by using existing texts and literature, and by providing suitable solutions, an efficient horizon and perspective in order to increase participation as much as possible. Provide women in sports. The research method of this study is based on the nature of the subject of documents, and accordingly, the library technique was used to collect information..Results: The investigations showed that despite the increasing presence of women in social fields, their participation and presence in sports activities is limited. Considering the importance of sports in the personal and social health of women, it seems that the Iranian society has not yet realized the importance and necessity of sports among women and girls. The percentage of women participating in sports activities is lower than that of men in all countries.Conclusion:The nature of using this concept of social marketing is to change behavior, which is the main nature and purpose of marketing in this field. The meaning of individual attitude change is that, according to the conditions, a person finds a positive belief in physical activity and public sports, and further, the attitude towards public sports also becomes positive, which is due to the increase of the individual's information. Further, according to the effects of social norms on the individual, this normative belief is created in people that exercise and physical activity can be placed as a need in people. The positive social consequences that can be achieved by using social recovery strategies, changing behavior towards desirable behaviors that lead to the development of public sports in this research. Considering the pivotal role of sports in the health of women as mothers of society and consequently the health of their children, the issue of women's sports participation should be seriously considered. Social marketing is suggested as an effective approach to reduce barriers and increase facilitators to women's sedentary behavior and improve the quality of individual and social life, which implementation and implementation requires support and capacity building from all responsible institutions. The multiple benefits of sports, improving women's social attitudes and beliefs by focusing on the effectiveness of promotional and educational activities, developing suitable places and spaces for women's public sports, inter-departmental coordination and leading women's public sports are effective measures in this field. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

54 - Right of Psychological Security with an Emphasis on Islamic Mystical Ideas of Imam Khomeini
Atefeh Hoseini fard Somaieh Sarami Nafiseh Nekouimehr

Security is one of the basic needs of human instinct so that one of the essential concerns of human being has been security in various areas of life. A lot of wars and peace have always occurred to provide and maintain security. From Islamic perspective, security has a More

Security is one of the basic needs of human instinct so that one of the essential concerns of human being has been security in various areas of life. A lot of wars and peace have always occurred to provide and maintain security. From Islamic perspective, security has a widespread dimension and horizon and conclusive in terms of meaning and expression so much that it refers to the whole small and big issues of personal and collective human life in all areas philosophically. In fact security is the most critical need of human being to the extent that one can say the existence of governments, states, and public institutions are affected by such a human need. Accordingly, the subject of security has always been to the attention of all intellectual of communities. Out of discussions on security, "mental security" is one the most important and most critical subjects in human life in which the provision and attention to that is inevitable. As human being is a complicated and wonderful creature, so is his security. This is especially prevalent with mental security. Mystically, human psyche that is affected by all internal and external causes reacts. Thus, in terms of personal or social mental health and hygiene, all reasons and causes should be taken into account. Security is a complex word and practically is of vast expanse. Security covers the range from the most internal thoughts and emotions to the most important issues among governments. Due to the points discussed in this paper, the writer tried to extract and analyze the solutions for making psychological security and the barriers. Respectively, this paper makes a conclusion over psychological security and later the solutions and barriers to make it is analyzed through the supreme leader's viewpoint. Manuscript profile

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55 - Identifying Barriers to the Development of Shared Businesses
Seyedhabib Moosavi Rashedi Vahid Makizadeh Esmaeil Hasanpour Qorughchi

10.30495/jsm.2021.1928628.1466

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56 - Barriers to the Implementation and Use of Internet Banking in the Keshavarzi Bank
Morteza Gholamian Hossein Hakimpour Azar Kafashpour Mehdi Mahmoudzadeh

10.30495/jsm.2021.1942650.1539

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57 - Prioritizing the Implementation Barriers of Prison Entrepreneurship Program from Employees’ Perspective (Case Study: Central Department of Kerman Prisons and Kerman Prison)
Mohseneh Behrouz Mohammad Ali Forghani Mehdi Kazemi

10.30495/jsm.2023.1980011.1773

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Open Access Article

58 - An Overview of the Use of Solar Energy in Building Construction Projects
mahsa Hojjatian Amirhossein Heravi Javad Asad Poor

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59 - The Study of the Most Important Barriers Affecting The Employment Of Rural
Mahmoud Akharti Elahe Ahangri Mohammad Tahan

The purpose of this study was to investigate the most important barriers affecting the employment of rural women. The statistical population included all rural women in Zorkouh city in 2017 (19737 individuals according to the latest census); 358 of them were selected us More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the most important barriers affecting the employment of rural women. The statistical population included all rural women in Zorkouh city in 2017 (19737 individuals according to the latest census); 358 of them were selected using simple sampling method. The research design was comparative descriptive. The data were collected by implementing a researcher-initiated questionnaire for measuring the barriers of women's employment. To analyze the data, multivariate analysis of variance was used. The results showed that there was a significant difference between employed and housewives in social and cultural barriers (P = 0.003), educational management barriers (P = 0.048) and technical barriers (P = 0.001), but there was no any significant difference in economic barriers (P = 0.999), psychological barriers (P = 0.440) and policy barriers (P = 0.084). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

60 - Development Affecting Factors and Inhibitors on Rural Women Entrepreneurship
Bahman Khosravipour Nadia Ani Abdolazim Ajili Abbas Abdeshahi

The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting the development and barriers to entrepreneurship of rural women in Kermanshah. The study sample was women from Siah Bid, Gakieh, Karnachi and Ghazanchi villages in the central part of Kermanshah city who were s More

The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting the development and barriers to entrepreneurship of rural women in Kermanshah. The study sample was women from Siah Bid, Gakieh, Karnachi and Ghazanchi villages in the central part of Kermanshah city who were selected and participated in the interview. The research design was descriptive-analytical. Library method and interview with participants were used to collect data. The obtained data were analyzed by analytical method. The results showed that the effective factors in entrepreneurship development included initiative, activism, identifying opportunities, perseverance, effort and overcoming obstacles and individual competencies of women, which meant that the entrepreneur worked without the demand or request of others. Entrepreneurship has also been found to be an economic activity that required a constant search for new and innovative ideas and dependent profitability potential. Barriers to rural women entrepreneurship were reported as socio-cultural barriers, supportive-economic barriers and managerial barriers, respectively. Research has also revraled the role of women entrepreneurs in economic health and socialization. Manuscript profile

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61 - A Study Of Barriers Which Prevent Women To Attain Senior And Middle Managerial Positions
محمد Hosseinpour بهمن Hajipour الهام Hosseinian

The current research was done with the goal of recognizing the barriers which impede women not to reach senior and middle managerial positions in NISOC. The research was an applied one in goal and a survey research in nature. The statistical population of the research i More

The current research was done with the goal of recognizing the barriers which impede women not to reach senior and middle managerial positions in NISOC. The research was an applied one in goal and a survey research in nature. The statistical population of the research included the official staff with B.A degree and above. 141 individuals were selected through stratified random sampling, using the sample’s volume formulas. Data collection instrument was the researcher initiated questionnaire, which was validated through face and content validity by the experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated via Cronbach’s alpha. The collected data were tested and analyzed through applying factor analysis. The result of research showed that social, cultural, organizational, domestic and individual barriers effect on women not to promote toward senior and middle managerial positions in NISOC. Manuscript profile

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62 - Social And Cultural Barriers The Most Important Factors In Rural Women's Non Participation In Productive Activities (Case Study Of Shushtar Suburb Rural Women Potatoes Farmers)
S. S. Mosavi A. R. Omani M. S. Alahyari

The main goal of this research was to study participation barriers of rural women in agricultural production activities. The type of the study was an applied research. To determine the barriers of rural women's participation descriptive and factor analysis techniques we More

The main goal of this research was to study participation barriers of rural women in agricultural production activities. The type of the study was an applied research. To determine the barriers of rural women's participation descriptive and factor analysis techniques were implemented as well. The Sample included 288 rural women that were selected by incidental sampling procedure( with in reach). Based on the resulted outcome the rural women, retained an average level in terms of  social features (social participation and social status). More use of factor analysis techniques determined the  factors affecting the non-participation of rural women in production activity. The Bartlett test value (3848.876  )and KMO test (0.09) showed that the data were suitable for factor analysis. The results also indicated that five factors generally explained the  %51 of the rural women's non participation in productive activities obstacles and problems.The  factors  were respectively, social structure, cultural structure, economic barriers, educational barriers and agricultural lands structure. Manuscript profile

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63 - Identifying, evaluating and analyzing barriers and challenges of innovation development in Iranian industries (Case Study: Parts, Machinery and Automotive Industries of Tabriz)
shahin mohammadpour Allahyar Muradov

10.30495/imj.2021.682780

Today, organizations have realized that in order to grow and survive in a turbulent environment, special attention must be paid to the issue of innovative industrial development. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate and analyze the obstacles and challenges of i More

Today, organizations have realized that in order to grow and survive in a turbulent environment, special attention must be paid to the issue of innovative industrial development. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate and analyze the obstacles and challenges of innovation development in the parts, machinery and automotive industries of Tabriz with the fuzzy AHP approach. To achieve this goal, using the combined exploratory method, the data were collected in two stages: qualitative and quantitative, and through semi-structured interviews with 21 managers and industry experts (selected by snowball sampling method). Comments were identified. Study Experts After holding three panels of experts, they agreed on the obstacles and challenges of innovation development. The method of data analysis in quantitative part has been done in two parts. First, using the factor analysis approach and SmartPLS software, the components identified in the qualitative section were statistically and quantitatively validated. The statistical sample of this section that completed the factor analysis questionnaires, according to Cochran's formula, were 356 people who were randomly selected. Also, in the second part of prioritizing barriers to technology development, the fuzzy AHP approach has been used. The questionnaire of this section has been completed by 21 experts who were selected using the theoretical method. In this study, 25 barriers were identified and finalized, which were classified into 5 sections. The most important factors are government barriers, management and policy barriers, insufficient credit of government investment funds and ambiguity of the position of innovation in industries. Manuscript profile

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64 - Designing a Sustainable Development Model in the Iranian Automotive Industry Using the Fourth Industrial Revolution Approach
salar amini mojtaba ramazani Jafar Beikzad abasgholi sanginorpor

10.30495/imj.2022.1949105.1732

The Fourth Industrial Revolution is transforming the manufacturing and service industries around the world, especially the leading countries in this field. This phenomenon can simultaneously bring wide opportunities and threats to our country's industries. By formulatin More

The Fourth Industrial Revolution is transforming the manufacturing and service industries around the world, especially the leading countries in this field. This phenomenon can simultaneously bring wide opportunities and threats to our country's industries. By formulating strategic plans in accordance with the strength and competitive advantages of Iran, while maintaining and promoting the level of competitiveness of the country's industries, this emerging space can be used optimally to optimize industrial development processes. Using the Industrial Revolution 4, this paper presents a model of sustainable development with the approach of in the automotive industry. In this study, we tried to identify and categorize the obstacles to sustainable development as well as the opportunities of the Industrial Revolution 4 in order to create sustainable development by examining the literature and the opinion of experts during the Delphi technique. Then, the interpretive structural modeling approach was used to level and determine the relationships between stability barriers. In the next step, the opportunities of the Industrial Revolution 4 were ranked by the fuzzy (AHP) method. Finally, using the opinion of automotive industry experts, proposals were made to allocate the opportunities of the Industrial Revolution 4 to remove the obstacles to sustainability. The results showed: 1. Political, technical and economic barriers have the greatest impact on sustainability and sustainable development in industry, respectively; 2. Environmental and social dimensions are most affected by political and technical barriers, respectively; 3. Among the opportunities of the Industrial Revolution 4 the information and technological opportunities of the Industrial Revolution 4 have the highest rank and the supply chain management has the lowest rank. Manuscript profile

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65 - Study Barriers to Implementation of Industrial Clusters in the State of East Azerbaijan
Alireza Bafandeh Zendeh Amir Bairami Hajilari

The current study has been conducted to evaluate barriers to implementing industrial clusters in East Azerbaijan province. In order to achieve the above objective, 3 questions were raised. The research method has been Descriptive and the statistical population included More

The current study has been conducted to evaluate barriers to implementing industrial clusters in East Azerbaijan province. In order to achieve the above objective, 3 questions were raised. The research method has been Descriptive and the statistical population included all managers of small and medium-sized enterprises and industrial clusters of East Azerbaijan province that includes five clusters: Tabriz leather shoes, car parts, furniture, appliances and Tabriz stone. The statistical sample was determined by using Cochran formula and Stratified Random Sampling, which were 334. A questionnaire was used to collect data that assessed and verified the reliability and validity. Radio test, Kruskal–Wallis test and Friedman test was used to analyze the data. The results show barriers to implementation of industrial clusters are on the 3 areas: Development factor, Supporter institutions, and Cluster members. The studies revealed all three areas are equally important. Also, Kruskal-Wallis test results show that there is the difference between the barriers to implementing cluster in different groups.   Manuscript profile

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66 - Prioritizing Barriers to Implementation of Computerized Maintenance Management System in the Organization (Case Study: Iranian Offshore Oil Company)
Hadi Shiroiezadeh Ayar Karimi Saeed Kolahi-Randji

Along with the advent of the industrial revolution and the use of machinery, Its maintenance also has been taken into account by authorities in order to increase the efficiency and equipment safety levels.  Preventive maintenance performs with a preventive approach More

Along with the advent of the industrial revolution and the use of machinery, Its maintenance also has been taken into account by authorities in order to increase the efficiency and equipment safety levels.  Preventive maintenance performs with a preventive approach based on accurate and precise data analysis, determining the cause of loss; incidents root cause identification and defining corrective actions in maintenance system. Mechanized systems of maintenance management in the organizations have been implemented with the same approach. Statistics show that more than 80% of CMMS projects will be failed. Barrier detection of the implementation of CMMS can help management to find solutions and as a result, resolve them. So this study has been done to ascertain and rank the critical factors of success and failure in the implementation of the system, using a combination of the two DEMATEL and fuzzy TOPSIS methods. Various factors can affect the success of system implementation projects. So, in this study after determining of the goal, in the first step, the main challenges associated with their underlying factors that are affecting the implementation of CMMS, by using of literature, experts identifying and tracing their hierarchy will be discussed. In the second step, by using of the fuzzy DEMATEL to evaluate the relationships between criteria and the weighting of criteria will be measured considering the hierarchy. After determination of the weight of each criterion, as the third step fuzzy TOPSIS method is used to rank all the factors and sub-criteria. The results of using this hybrid approach (abovementioned methodology), indicated that did not select the right contractor, has the greatest impact on CMMS implementation in the organization. Manuscript profile

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67 - Identify the challenges facing women working in industry; Case study of women working in Aran and Bidgol industrial towns
Fatemeh Deldadeh Arani sayyed mohammad reza davoodi

Women's employment is one of the effective levers in their development and social participation, but the existence of some barriers to women's employment and their economic activity outside the family environment has limited their employment. The purpose of this study i More

Women's employment is one of the effective levers in their development and social participation, but the existence of some barriers to women's employment and their economic activity outside the family environment has limited their employment. The purpose of this study is to identify the challenges facing women working in the field of industry in the industrial towns of Aran and Bidgol. In other words, the main question of the present study is what are the challenges and obstacles facing women working in the field of industry? The dominant approach to this qualitative research is the content analysis method, in-depth interview data collection technique, and semi-structured interview data collection tools. The statistical population of this study is all women working in Aran and Bidgol industrial towns, whose number is 34078 and The sample size was adopted by the snowball method and also based on the saturation rule, which in the end 32 people were considered as the sample size. The research data were analyzed by the content analysis method.Findings: The findings showed that the most important barriers to the interviewees' response were individual barriers, family barriers, and social barriers, each of which has sub-themes.A) Personal barriers 1. Dissatisfaction with the job 2. Psychological problems.B) Family barriers, 1. Communication with spouse 2. Communication with children 3. Communication with others.C) Social barriers 1. Educational problems. 2. Problems of work environment 3. Problems of a community environment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

68 - Examining the Barriers to Happiness for the Professors of the Fars Section of the Islamic Azad University with a Combined Approach
Nahid Radmanesh Nooshin Razmi

Acquiring the experience of happiness in the workplace faces obstacles that do not allow the necessary conditions for happiness. Work, often, cannot provide clear goals, proper feedback and sense of control over work and flexible scheduling. However, few studies have fo More

Acquiring the experience of happiness in the workplace faces obstacles that do not allow the necessary conditions for happiness. Work, often, cannot provide clear goals, proper feedback and sense of control over work and flexible scheduling. However, few studies have focused on obstacles to happiness in the workplace, while unhappy environments expose employees to extreme stress and burnout. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the obstacles to happiness in the university environment. The statistical population are the professors of Islamic Azad University, Fars Branch and 603 people in the qualitative section and 320 people in the quantitative section were selected by random sampling method and participated in the research. The research is exploratory in terms of purpose and fundamental from the reader’s point of view. Open-ended questions and researcher-made questionnaires were used in the qualitative and quantitative parts, respectively and Ground Theory was used to assess their validity and SPSS 26 and SMARTPLS questionnaire have been used to analyze quantitative data. Based on research findings, 77 obstacles were identified in the form of six categories of individual, organizational and extra-organizational obstacles. Manuscript profile

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69 - Representation of barriers and strategies for establishing in-service teacher education
Faranak Mousavi Saide Kolivand

The aim of this study was to investigate the obstacles and strategies for establishing e-service education of teachers from the perspective of experts as a descriptive-survey method. In this study, purposive sampling method was used and information was collected through More

The aim of this study was to investigate the obstacles and strategies for establishing e-service education of teachers from the perspective of experts as a descriptive-survey method. In this study, purposive sampling method was used and information was collected through a "researcher-made" questionnaire. Based on theoretical foundations, eight barriers to in-service teacher education were identified and questioned. The validity of this questionnaire has been confirmed by the supervisors. To assess the reliability of the questionnaire for a sample group of 40 people and its reliability is determined by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. After the final implementation, data analysis was performed at two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics. 5) Percentage is the most important and financial barriers with (3.75) percent are the most important barriers. Among the solutions offered to overcome these obstacles, we can mention organizational (5.19) percent, legal (4.78) percent, technical (4.72) percent and executive (4.70) percent.  Manuscript profile

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70 - Analysis of administrative, political-legal and infrastructural obstacles to the development of sports tourism in Iran
Mehdi Zolghadr Ali Mohamad Safaniya Aboalfazl Farahani Jamshid Hemati

10.30495/kmsj.2023.1987862.1132

The purpose of the current research is to analyze the managerial, political-legal and infrastructural barriers to the development of sports tourism in Iran. In terms of objective, it is applied and in terms of qualitative research method, it is based on thematic analysi More

The purpose of the current research is to analyze the managerial, political-legal and infrastructural barriers to the development of sports tourism in Iran. In terms of objective, it is applied and in terms of qualitative research method, it is based on thematic analysis approach. In this research, according to the purpose of studying the participants based on snowball sampling among those involved in sports tourism in the country (managers of selected sports tourism tours, university professors specializing in sports tourism, as well as selected managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth ), were selected (14 interviews). In order to collect information, a semi-structured and in-depth interview was used. The results of the research showed that planning, evaluation, communication, human resources management and manager characteristics are among the constructive themes of management, legal, insurance and political obstacles are among the constructive themes of political-legal and facilities and transportation are among the constructive themes of pre-infrastructure. On the development of sports tourism in Iran. In general, it seems that the officials and those involved in the field of sports tourism in the country should think of measures to provide opportunities for the development of sports tourism in the country by removing the obstacles mentioned in this research. Manuscript profile

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71 - Identifying the Barriers in Implementing Entrepreneurship and Innovation policy in Development Plans of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Ebrahim Aliabadi Mohammad Azizi Akbar Aalam Tabriz Ali Davari

Background:Proper and desirable implementation of entrepreneurship policies as a driver of innovation and economic growth plays a key role in economic development and the emergence of knowledge-based economies. The implementation phase is one of the most important and c More

Background:Proper and desirable implementation of entrepreneurship policies as a driver of innovation and economic growth plays a key role in economic development and the emergence of knowledge-based economies. The implementation phase is one of the most important and challenging stages of the policy process. This stage is the starting point for realizing the goals. Several factors can play a role in the implementation of a policy. The researchers, in their turn, described the factors influencing the successful implementation of a script, pgnoring attention to these factors con challenge the implementation of the policies. Purpose: The objective of this research is to achieve the most important barriers in the implementation of development programs in the field of entrepreneurship. Method: This study was conducted in terms of practical purpose, collecting qualitative data and using a deep interview technique with 14 experts and development program executives. The purposeful sampling method and the criterion for determining the sample size is the theoretical saturation obtained in the 12th theoretical saturation, Also for data analysis, open and axial coding was used. Findings: obstacles include: the nature (the lack of a single custodian, the lack of the standardization of laws, the multiplicity of rules and the non-alignment of the rules), participatory (lack of participation of actors and lack of Stakeholder participation), executives (lack of commitment and accountability in the executives, lack of appropriate training for administrators, weaknesses and inefficiencies of the executives, lack of proper coordination between executives and change of effective implementers), environmental barriers (conditions Inappropriate environment, inadequate administrative structure, inadequate political will, and lack of commitment Implementation (no need for implementation, inadequate execution time, lack of implementation tools and inadequate implementation capacity), and regulatory (lack of proper oversight of implementation, lack of enforcement, the existence of devices and independent monitoring system, inappropriate tools Evaluation and non-receipt and reflection feedback). Conclusion: According to the results of this research, the country's most reliable way to achieve the goals set out in the development plans is to create an appropriate structure for the formulation of desirable polices, the determination of the executor and the use of comments, stakeholders. Manuscript profile

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72 - An investigation into obstacles to entrepreneurship among educated women
Ali Rabiee Zahra Nazarian

  Background: In recent years, the entry of women into higher education has grown. In these circumstances, encourage entrepreneurship among women graduates in the country to establish independent businesses can play an important role. Purpose: This research is an a More

  Background: In recent years, the entry of women into higher education has grown. In these circumstances, encourage entrepreneurship among women graduates in the country to establish independent businesses can play an important role. Purpose: This research is an applied study, and the nature of the study is descriptive and survey; and has been done to identify the main barriers that women entrepreneurs educated in Iran. Method: Beginning through exploratory interviews with 20 experts identified major barriers and then designed Likert questionnaire included 36 questions. The population consisted of 30 women who were educated and 80 faculty members are experts. Friedman test was used for subsequent data analysis Result (s): The analysis of the data showed that individual barriers and cultural barriers are important to women's entrepreneurship. Also, gender discrimination in the workplace, fear of failure, conjunction corporate affairs and family issues, inconsistency role expectations, bureaucracy and provide initial capital and liquidity requirements are the main causes. Conclusion: Due to the growing women with tertiary education, special attention should be given to these individuals to meet the challenges of entrepreneurship.             Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

73 - Investigation of the Barriers to the implementation of Private Investment in Construction of cogeneration system in Governmental medical centers
Ashkan Abdali Susan

One of the most suitable places for the implementation of cogeneration systems (CCHPs) are hospitals . The high and continuous of electricity, heating and cooling loads in these places have caused the use of this type of system to be of great attraction. The low tariffs More

One of the most suitable places for the implementation of cogeneration systems (CCHPs) are hospitals . The high and continuous of electricity, heating and cooling loads in these places have caused the use of this type of system to be of great attraction. The low tariffs for energy carriers in government hospitals have caused the private sector to refrain from investing directly in this sector due to lack of economic justification. In this study, which was performed in a typical hospital, as one of the most suitable places for construction of the CCHP system, the capacity has been estimated to 2.4 MW power plant based on two 1.2 MW gas engines. In this project, it is anticipated that by utilizing the waste heat of gas engines in the supply of heat and power to the hospital, the energy conversion efficiency could be increased from 42% to 56.4%. In this study, different solutions have been introduced in order to eliminate the obstacles of the ruler in attracting this amount of investment . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

74 - Judicial Procedures Related to Public Order as one of the Obstacles to the Implementation of Foreign Arbitration
Mehdi Asgharimoghaddam Mostafa Mandegar Mostafa Elsan

The purpose of this article is to review the judicial procedures related to public order as one of the obstacles to the implementation of external arbitration. This article seeks to answer the question through analytical-descriptive method that the role and position of More

The purpose of this article is to review the judicial procedures related to public order as one of the obstacles to the implementation of external arbitration. This article seeks to answer the question through analytical-descriptive method that the role and position of judicial procedure in the face of order. According to the findings of this study, regarding the application of Article 971 of the Civil Code, the majority of judges believe that the agreement of the Iranian parties on the foreign arbitration body, although unusual, but it causes the Iranian court to have no jurisdiction to hear the dispute under the arbitration agreement. Some judges disagree with this view. Regarding the application of Article 968 of the Civil Code, most judges accept the choice of law other than the law of the place of contract where they are around the Iranian arbitration agreement.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

75 - Barriers to export in business based on economic approach to sustainable development: A study in the field of nuts
Maryama Mirzaee Jalal Haghighat Monfared Jamshid Adalatian Shahriyari

Exports are one of the most important ways to enter international markets,, the increase in exports in recent years is on the agenda of almost all guilds and businesses in the country . Failure to analyze the issue of exports and related barriers will cause damage to pr More

Exports are one of the most important ways to enter international markets,, the increase in exports in recent years is on the agenda of almost all guilds and businesses in the country . Failure to analyze the issue of exports and related barriers will cause damage to production and industrial units and failure against competitors. The purpose of this study is to analyze the export barriers of businesses from an economic perspective in the field of nuts. at first, by reviewing the research literature and research background, conducting semi-structured hobby interviews with 10 experts in the field of export, the theoretical framework of the research was developed. Based on this framework, a conceptual model of the research was presented and research hypotheses were developed. In order to test the research hypotheses, the statistical population includes managers, experts and economic activists who are members of the Chamber of Commerce, In case of non-probability sampling, the questionnaires whose validity and reliability were confirmed were distributed among 100 statistical samples and due to the non-normal distribution of data, the partial least squares method and Smart PLS 2 software for Statistical analysis was used. Based on the significant values related to the hypotheses, all were confirmed. According to the analysis, the three most important obstacles are the instability of policies, rules and regulations and executive procedures - unpredictability and changes in the prices of raw materials and products-the lack of proper communication between the manufacturer and the customer. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

76 - Exploratory Factor Detection Challenges Questionnaire information management systems
Seyed mohamad hosein Hoseini ravesh Mahsa Nakhaei moghadam

The purpose of this study was to investigate the exploration structure of barriers to implementation of management information systems in sport and youth departments. The research method is descriptive and exploratory. The data of this research were gathered from 156 se More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the exploration structure of barriers to implementation of management information systems in sport and youth departments. The research method is descriptive and exploratory. The data of this research were gathered from 156 senior and middle managers and employees of the Information Technology sector and experts from the General Directorate of Sports and Youth Organization of Khorasan Razavi Province and the subsidiary cities. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with 49 questions. In analyzing the data and presenting the findings, exploratory factor analysis method has been used to categorize and explain the obstacles and to explore the underlying structures. After collecting and analyzing the exploratory factor of the questionnaires, the minimum factor burden accepted for each variable was 0.3. Therefore, from 80 questions of the questionnaire, 31 questions were removed due to factor load less than 0.3 and 49 remaining questions of the class The questionnaire was subjected to a questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha of 0.83 which indicates that the questionnaire is appropriate. It was also found that both the entire questionnaire and all of the sub-tests have a high reliability coefficient. The results showed that this questionnaire can be used as a valid tool for measuring the establishment of management information systems in sports organizations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

77 - Barriers to the Privatization and Implementation of Article 44 of the Constitution of Iran by the Metasynthesis Method
Mehdi Panahi Ali Esamailzadeh mogry Golamreza Farsadamanollahi

Privatization in line with the implementation of Article 44 of the Constitution is an important issue that is greatly affected by the economic situation of the country and has been the subject of much research. There are two issues in this regard: privatization first an More

Privatization in line with the implementation of Article 44 of the Constitution is an important issue that is greatly affected by the economic situation of the country and has been the subject of much research. There are two issues in this regard: privatization first and secondly the quality of its implementation. As noted below, there has been no significant success in either country. In this study, a detailed review of past research on the barriers to the implementation of the rule of law as well as the barriers to the proper implementation of privatization was carried out using the Hybrid Synthesis or Metacentrism method. The results of the research showed that the economic structure of the country as the first and effective factor and the executive function of the government as the second factor are the barriers to privatization in Iran. Other influential factors obtained by metacentrism include laws and regulations, organizational structure of the outsourced companies, socio-psychological factors, financial and accounting factors, and motivational factors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

78 - Survey and ranking of barriers and limitations of green marketing in the use of herbal medicines
hossein norouzi Gholamreza Jandaghi Mahdieh Nahidi

Green marketing is one of the key issues being implemented around the world in the last decade, especially in developed countries. Whereas, this type of marketing in developing countries, faces obstacles. Herbal medicines are not exception to this rule and the medicine' More

Green marketing is one of the key issues being implemented around the world in the last decade, especially in developed countries. Whereas, this type of marketing in developing countries, faces obstacles. Herbal medicines are not exception to this rule and the medicine's marketing is one of the troubles of marketers. Thus the purpose of this research is to study and classify the barriers and impediments of green marketing on the usage of herbal medicine. The people in the study has composed from the doctors of traditional medicine, grocery and experts in herbal medicine in Qom province. 66 questions were reviewed with expert teachers in the fields of cultivation, production and marketing of medicinal plants, Finally by using Cronbach alpha coefficient (upper than0/9) and T-test and Friedman ranking in SPSS software, we found that organizational barriers are more important than social and governmental barriers. Along the organization aspects, producer's motivation has the highest rank, after that the high production cost and the lack of specialists is the second and third for many and similar competitors, and the lack of equipment is the forth. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

79 - Identifying Productivity Barriers for Public Organizations in Iran
Asadallah Karimi Shahabi Gholamreza Memarzadeh Tehran Syyad Mehdi Alvani Mahmud Modiri

  The main purpose is the identifying productivity barriers of governmental organizations in Iran. In this regard, after studying the literature and theoretical foundations of research, a number of important barriers to productivity governmental organizations sel More

  The main purpose is the identifying productivity barriers of governmental organizations in Iran. In this regard, after studying the literature and theoretical foundations of research, a number of important barriers to productivity governmental organizations selected for review and the impact on the productivity of governmental organizations examined to productivity barriers ranking Iranian governmental organizations, a questionnaire of 19 questions, was designed. In order to ensure the validity of the questionnaire to compose the questionnaire of a number of the university and organization’s experts were consulted. Cronbach's alpha was used to measure the reliability of a value that 0/93 is obtained. The questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 50 people. Obtained data (FVIKOR) and were analyzed using EXCEL software and the effects of barriers to efficiency the Iranian government, were identified. The results showed that "governing priorities for the status quo," first rank "incomplete research and development," the last place has an important loss in productivity organizations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

80 - A Study of the Barriers to Iran's Tourism Industry Development
javad mehrabi siavash khalili shavarini ahmad khalafi

Today, tourism is considered as one of the largest and most diversified industries in the world. Although Iran stands the 10th place in terms of tourism potentials, it has failed to attract enough tourists. Consequently, it suffers from a low status related to tourism e More

Today, tourism is considered as one of the largest and most diversified industries in the world. Although Iran stands the 10th place in terms of tourism potentials, it has failed to attract enough tourists. Consequently, it suffers from a low status related to tourism even among the Middle East countries. This study aims to examine the reasons behind Iran' failure to attract tourists. To this end, tourism experts and professors as well as senior managers were consulted. 103 subjects were selected randomly, using simple stratified sampling. Then, a 42-item questionnaire was administered to the participants and exploratory factorial analysis was run. The factors derived included: 1-infrsatructure, 2- political 3-cultural 4-govrnemntal (public) 5-human 6-managerial 7-economical. Finally, the research hypotheses were tested using t-test. The results show that all the seven  hypotheses are confirmed, with inadequate infrastructure as the biggest barrier, followed by political and cultural barriers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

81 - A study of strategy implementation barriers in tax affairs organization of Golestan province
Zeinilabedin Rahmani ahmad rah chamani saeid tayebi

In this paper, attempts are made to identify obstacles to strategy implementation in Golestan province's tax affairs. Data were collected through a survey. The sample included all employees and managers in the province's tax affairs. Therefore, based on the current lite More

In this paper, attempts are made to identify obstacles to strategy implementation in Golestan province's tax affairs. Data were collected through a survey. The sample included all employees and managers in the province's tax affairs. Therefore, based on the current literature and views of experts and specialists, 47 variables were identified as barriers to implementing the strategy. Using Kolmogorov Smirnov test, we determined the distribution of the questionnaire data. The data analysis revealed 35 major obstacles from 47 primary obstacles. Rating was completed using Friedman test. The findings may help us reduce the probability of failure in implementing the strategy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

82 - Recognition of the Impediments on Establishment of VAT Case Study
Mohammad Mobini Gholam Reza Memarzadeh Tehran Abbas Ebrahimzadeh

VAT is one of the best, most efficient and profitable source of tax revenue governments .VAT is an indirect tax on consumption multi-stage in various stages of production and distribution based on a percentage of the value of goods produced or services provided to obtai More

VAT is one of the best, most efficient and profitable source of tax revenue governments .VAT is an indirect tax on consumption multi-stage in various stages of production and distribution based on a percentage of the value of goods produced or services provided to obtain dehumidified The aim of this study is to identify obstacles and driving deployment of value added tax in the General Directorate VAT Tehran. For this purpose, three hypotheses were developed to test this hypothesis, quantitative data, the study used a questionnaire that was designed to review the literature were collected before distributing a questionnaire to the 13 experts and scholars in economics and public administration. After confirming the validity of the revised questionnaire, the 382 and 158 experts tax office were the tax payers. The data collected using exploratory factor analysis were analyzed and categorized as a barrier to cultural barriers, administrative structure was approved. The results showed that 12 Index as an indicator of structural barriers, 23 indicators as administrative barriers and cultural barriers as obstacles 6 index as the establishment of VAT were identified. Manuscript profile

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83 - Identification of barriers to the implementation of 58th article of the Civil Service Management Law in order to improve the empowerment of the staffs to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the Melli Bank
Shirin Abdoli Javad Mehrabi

In this study, the barriers of 58th law of country servise management in line with staff’s empowerment to efficiency and effectiveness of Meli bank were studied. . This research is applicable, and correlational in nature of purpose, and descreiptive-fielding in pa More

In this study, the barriers of 58th law of country servise management in line with staff’s empowerment to efficiency and effectiveness of Meli bank were studied. . This research is applicable, and correlational in nature of purpose, and descreiptive-fielding in path. The statistical population includes all employees working in the administrative office of the Meli Bank in Qazvin that their number was 230 people. A number of 124 people from this population were selected as. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire has two parts. The questionnaire includes 18 specific questions. The validity measured using the content validity and approved by numbers of 15 experts also internal consistency reliability was used to assess the reliability of the assay. The questionnaire was distributed among a sample of 30 experts and Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the reliability of the questionnaire organizational silence equals 0.712. The numbers of 140 questionnaires were distributed among employees that 124 questionnaires were returned and analyzed. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Factor analysis and Freidman test). The results indicated that environmental, organizational, managerial, personality factors are barriers to implementing of 58th service management law in Meli bank. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

84 - Identifying Productivity Barriers for Public Organizations in Iran
AliAkbar Qahremani Leila Taghvaee

      The main purpose is the identifying productivity barriers of governmental organizations in Iran. In this regard, after studying the literature and theoretical foundations of research, a number of important barriers to productivity governmental More

      The main purpose is the identifying productivity barriers of governmental organizations in Iran. In this regard, after studying the literature and theoretical foundations of research, a number of important barriers to productivity governmental organizations selected for review and the impact on the productivity of governmental organizations examined to productivity barriers ranking Iranian governmental organizations, a questionnaire of 19 questions, was designed. In order to ensure the validity of the questionnaire to compose the questionnaire of a number of the university and organization’s experts were consulted. Cronbach's alpha was used to measure the reliability of a value that 0/93 is obtained. The questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 50 people. Obtained data (FVIKOR) and were analyzed using EXCEL software and the effects of barriers to efficiency the Iranian government, were identified. The results showed that "governing priorities for the status quo," first rank "incomplete research and development," the last place has an important loss in productivity organizations.           Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

85 - Identify barriers to the implementation of Article 36 of the Law on the National Bank in connection with the reform of the civil service management business processes (case study: payment)
Hosein Abedi Javad Mehrabi

In this research to identify barriers to the implementation of Article 36 of the Law on the National Bank in connection with the reform of the civil service management business processes were discussed. The purpose of the research and descriptive correlational. The popu More

In this research to identify barriers to the implementation of Article 36 of the Law on the National Bank in connection with the reform of the civil service management business processes were discussed. The purpose of the research and descriptive correlational. The population of all administrative employees of the National Bank of Qazvin province were employed and that their number totaling 400 persons. The population using simple random sampling method for sampling and sample size of 196 was calculated. A questionnaire was used to collect research data. The questionnaire has two parts. The first part reviews the demographic characteristics of individuals which includes four questions, the second part of which contains 27 specific questions were specific questions. The validity of using content validity was approved for 12 tons of banking experts and internal consistency reliability was used to assess the reliability of the assay. The questionnaire was distributed among a sample of 25 employees of the Bank and the reliability of the questionnaire Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 801/0. Then, 220 questionnaires were distributed among employees that analyzed 196 questionnaires were returned and analyzed. Analyzing the data collected, using descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (SEM) was performed. The results showed that environmental barriers, organizational, managerial, interpersonal and technical obstacles to the implementation of Article 36 of the Law on Civil Service Management at National Bank of Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

86 - Identification of Intra-Organizational Barriers 41 of the State Service Management Law to Specialist Personnel Recruitment in Implementation of Clause
zeynab pour ghqasem jourkelayeh Ali akbar Ghahramani galozan

Today, more than ever, it has become clear that the existence of wealthy material resources alone does not create a coherent, efficient and effective organization. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to measure variables. Validity of the questionnaires was confirme More

Today, more than ever, it has become clear that the existence of wealthy material resources alone does not create a coherent, efficient and effective organization. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to measure variables. Validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by face and structural validation. For reliability measurement, the internal correlation reliability test was used to calculate the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Screening barriers with Delphi technique and prioritizing the final barriers were done with the KYNDAL test. The results of the data analysis showed that in 32 dimensions and 8 effective dimensions, in the organizational obstacles dimension, the history of culture in the organization; in the individual dimension; the marital status; in the managerial dimension; the lack of a position of growth and learning; in the financial dimension, salary And low wages; in the dimension of work shocks; bankruptcy of the organization; in the legal-political barriers; the lack of accountability of the authorities and managers; in the aspect of job and job misalignment; the lack of physical skills among volunteers; and in the context of cultural barriers; Weaknesses in the organization have created the biggest obstacle. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

87 - The relationship between glass ceiling with a sense of empowerment of female employees
Somayeh Latifi fariba karimi

10.30495/jwsf.2020.537784.1139

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between glass ceiling with a sense of empowerment of Azad University Branch female employees.  The study conducted in correlational method. The study population consisted of all female employees at Azad Univer More

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between glass ceiling with a sense of empowerment of Azad University Branch female employees.  The study conducted in correlational method. The study population consisted of all female employees at Azad University Branch, which includes 110 female individuals. Samples size based on Cochran formula were calculated 75 people, whom were selected by simple random sampling. The data collection tool for the empowerment of Spritzer (1995) and a questionnaire was made the glass ceiling. Face and content validity of the questionnaire was approved. Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient calculated 82.0, 84.0 in order. Analysis of data using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression were conducted.  The results showed that there was relationship between glass ceiling with a sense of Empowerment and its components, independence, effectiveness and trust. There was a significant inverse relationship between the individual components of the glass ceiling and the competence of the sense of empowerment, Family barriers with a sense of empowerment and competence, cultural barriers and component of trust, social barriers with a sense of empowerment and its components independence, efficiency, effectiveness and trust. The results of regression indicated that family barriers were predictability of a sense of empowerment of employees. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

88 - The Explanation of appropriate job components for women based on fuzzy approach
Ali Asghar Sadabadi Fatemeh Fehri Kiarash Fartash

10.30495/jwsf.2021.1910832.1507

The purpose  of this study was  to figure out the components  of appropriate job for women, due to exploit barriers to women employment and approach to confront them. In this article using data mining and content analysis the components of barriers to wom More

The purpose  of this study was  to figure out the components  of appropriate job for women, due to exploit barriers to women employment and approach to confront them. In this article using data mining and content analysis the components of barriers to women employment and approach to deal with it was explored. the data was collected by Fuzzy Delphi questionnaire that was given to 34 experts . In order to demonstrate the relation between elements that were agreed on by these experts, SODA method had been implemented. Eventually withi integration of expert's plans, one model was selected. through the application of that model we elicited  components  component of appropriate job for women which include 19 elements that were agreed by these experts and some of them are as follows: Flexibility in working hours, colleagues support women, restoration of women's self-confidence and self-esteem, independence of all professions from academic degrees, existence of kindergartens or child care centers in the organization and existence of jobs that are free from sexual stereotypes and patriarchal ideologies. Manuscript profile

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89 - Study of barriers to political development in Iran with emphasis on non-participation of academic elites Case study: Professors of Larestan universities
MEHRAN ASKARI Behbood Khademi Alireza Khoddami

10.30495/jss.2022.1945364.1403

The aim of this study is to investigate the barriers to political development in Iran with emphasis on the lack of participation of academic elites (Case study: professors of Larestan universities). This work is a fundamental and applied research in terms of purpose. Re More

The aim of this study is to investigate the barriers to political development in Iran with emphasis on the lack of participation of academic elites (Case study: professors of Larestan universities). This work is a fundamental and applied research in terms of purpose. Regarding the data, this qualitative study was conducted by using the phenomenological method. In this research, information was collected through interviews. Using purposive sampling method and theoretical saturation technique, key informants (including 20 professors) were selected to identify barriers to political development. The tool used was a semi-structured interview. The data collected from the interviews were analyzed by content analysis method.Based on the results of content analysis in this piece of work, ten basic themes include: Cultural and educational failure, distortion of people's attitudes toward development, inadequate media information, employment and inefficient economic policies of governments, feelings of relative deprivation, weak capital Social, historical factors, weakness of civil society, and political factors were obtained. Finally, four organizing themes including cultural barriers (: Cultural and educational failure, distortion of individuals' attitudes toward political development and weakness of media information), Economic barriers (employment situation and inefficient economic policies of governments)and Social barriers (feelings of relative deprivation, weak social capital, and weak civil society) and structural barriers (historical and political factors) Manuscript profile

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90 - Reforming Iran's land policies and removing its social barriers according to the Al-Faragh region theory
Mohamad Piran Mohammad Hossein Mokhtari Esmaeil Shafiee

The smallness and dispersion of agricultural land in our country prevent the optimal use of water and soil resources, putting at risk the food security of the nation. The religious beliefs of the whole require that structural changes in the process of economic developme More

The smallness and dispersion of agricultural land in our country prevent the optimal use of water and soil resources, putting at risk the food security of the nation. The religious beliefs of the whole require that structural changes in the process of economic development be based on their religious beliefs. Therefore, this research paper will explain the necessity of integrating and removing social barriers associated with the theory of Martyr Sadr, who was a jurist who mastered the political and governmental systems. With a document analysis research method, this study finds that some small land owners hinder integration by citing inheritance laws and the principle of private property. The social phenomenon generated by their social actions prevents implementation at the community level. According to the theory of Shahid Sadr, the government can eliminate the corruption of previous policies in the presence of the Al-Faragh region theory based on the interests of the Muslim community. To revoke the private ownership of small lands based on the "harmless rule" and curb the inheritance law while making changes in its implementation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

91 - Legal and Jurisprudential Analysis of the Barriers in Transferring Author's Moral Rights
Ali Amininezhad Seyyed Hossein Safaei

10.22034/ijrj.2017.530232

In This study, the transfer of author's moral rights will be considered in legal and jurisprudence's point of view. Despite evidence of possibility for the transfer of author's economic rights, the possibility for transfer of moral rights is doubtful. To find the correc More

In This study, the transfer of author's moral rights will be considered in legal and jurisprudence's point of view. Despite evidence of possibility for the transfer of author's economic rights, the possibility for transfer of moral rights is doubtful. To find the correct answer, first of all we tried to identify and analyze conceptions of RIGHT, AUTHOR, and types of transfer and then we will consider barriers of transfer of this type of rights from legal and jurisprudence's point of view. Generally, legislators are opposed to the optional transfer of moral rights as they suppose it as one's integral part of author's personality. Islamic jurists besides their opposition of authors' optional transfer of moral rights announced their opposition because of lies and frauds occurrence in the issue. Authors believed that attention to the target oriented jurisprudence and understanding the nature of emerging issues helps to a correct analysis; authors believe that the barriers on transfer of the right has been well criticized and analyzed here. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

92 - The Challenges of Flipped Learning: A Qualitative Content Analysis
hafez sahebyar Ramin Habibi-Kaleybar Javad Mesrabadi Abolfazl Farid

10.30495/jinev.2023.1972078.2797

The rapid progress and changes in technology, the increasing use of smart devices, multimedia and Internet, and on the other hand, the epidemic of Covid-19, have directed educational systems towards virtual education and hybrid models such as flipped learning. The curre More

The rapid progress and changes in technology, the increasing use of smart devices, multimedia and Internet, and on the other hand, the epidemic of Covid-19, have directed educational systems towards virtual education and hybrid models such as flipped learning. The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying and classifying the challenges of flipped learning implementation. This study is a qualitative research with inductive content analysis approach; and its statistical population includes two groups. The first group includes a collection of articles that were related to the purpose of the research. At this stage, articles were searched from scientific journals and reliable databases such as: Noormags, Magiran and SID in Persian language between 1393-1401; and search in foreign databases such as Scopus, ProQuest, Wiley, ERIC, and Google Scholar in English between 2013-2022. The keywords were: "flipped learning", "flipped instruction", "flipped classroom", "challenges", "barriers". After the initial search of the mentioned databases, a total of 1113 sources with the indicated keywords were obtained. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 100 scientific research articles were purposefully selected for analysis. In addition to the systematic review of the articles, in order to identify more and more precisely the challenges and ensure the findings from the articles, the second group of the statistical community, that includes professors and educational experts, in the fields of educational technology , educational management, lesson planning, educational psychology and teachers who implemented the flipped learning model were referred; Among them, 15 people were selected purposefully; And they were interviewed online. The results show that the implementation challenges of flipped learning can be identified in 8 categories. Challenges related to: the learner, teacher and school, content, instruction, family, managerial and operational, ethical and security and technical and technological Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

93 - Change in Organizational Productivity by Electronic Human Resources Management (Proposing a Model by Q Method)
Hamid Erfaniyan Reza Najaf beygi Karamollah Daneshfard

In the past decades, technology has had a considerable impact on the processes and practices of human resource manaegement. For instance, technology, particularly the Internet, has helped many HR processes to be followed with higher productivity.New systems have enabled More

In the past decades, technology has had a considerable impact on the processes and practices of human resource manaegement. For instance, technology, particularly the Internet, has helped many HR processes to be followed with higher productivity.New systems have enabled HR professionals to provide their beneficiaries with better services.Electronic human resource management(EHRM) is the best example of such systems. Its application in the present era is so widespread that it has become a necessity.Of course, this system in Iran is faced with some problems.On the one hand, a suitable explanation of the concept has not been provided,and on the other hand, due to factors affecting its establishment,the system has faced some problems.The present research article proceeds,through a mixed approach, to identify the factors affecting the establishment of EHRM through focusing on the overall strategic pattern.What has made the article unique is the pluralistic method of data collection.Finally,by means of"Q"method,which is a quantitative-qualitative method, the conceptual model of establishing electronic human resource management in the governmental organizations of Razavi Khorasgan Province has been presented. Manuscript profile

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94 - Designing productivity model for governmental Organizations in Iran
Assadullah Karimi Shahabi Golamreza Meamar zadeh Seyed Mehdi Alavany Mahmood Modeari

The main purpose of the present study was designing productivity model for governmental organizations in Iran. In this regard, after studying the literature and theoretical foundations of research, the conceptual model base on the factors affecting the productivity of g More

The main purpose of the present study was designing productivity model for governmental organizations in Iran. In this regard, after studying the literature and theoretical foundations of research, the conceptual model base on the factors affecting the productivity of governmental organizations in three categories namely, environmental, organizational, individual and the main productivity barriers were designed. Two questionnaires (17 and 19) questions were used to rank each categories effect on productivity and also on barriers. To compose the questionnaires, the university and organization’s experts were consulted. The questionnaires were distributed to a sample of 50 people. The results showed that productivity in governmental organizations the “environmental factors” having the most influential, and “individual factors” getting the most influential. The work ethic got the first priority.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

95 - Investigating Barriers to the Promotion of Productivity In Public Sector
Samad Alye Alireza Bafande Zende

This paper aims to identify the barriers of improving the productivity in public sector. According to the theoretical studies and the interviews with several senior managers of public sector, 28 items were detected as the obstacles of improving the productivity in publi More

This paper aims to identify the barriers of improving the productivity in public sector. According to the theoretical studies and the interviews with several senior managers of public sector, 28 items were detected as the obstacles of improving the productivity in public sector. These items were classified under three categories of environmental, organizational and individual barriers based on Ammons’ studies. Then a questionnaire was developed in order to reveal the views of managers in public sector about the influence of each item on productivity. The findings show that the public sector is faced with numerous barriers in improving productivity, a major part of which is related to personality, attitude and leadership skills of the public sector managers. The other part of it relates to the internal and environmental problems such as lack of a proper appraisal system, tendency to keep the status quo and extreme conservatism, lack of accountability system, lack of cost accounting systems, the political pressures that influence decisions, low importance of the issue of productivity compared with the political interests, shortage of analyst staff, lack of competitive market pressures, and the complex process of bureaucracy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

96 - The Effectiveness of Training Close Reading on Components of Exam Anxiety (Reducing Social Credit, Cognitive Barriers and Tension mode)
Baharak Hamedi Aliakbar Saif Alireza Kiamanesh

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

97 - The effect of individual factors and structural change Iran's strategic approach in urban Planning
Mahnaz Hosseini Mostafa Ghadami

Since the beginning of 1980 so far, the concept of strategy in planning and urban management, as well as the concept of quality and process re-engineering expanded and improved. The strategic approach is at the heart of the planning skills, management, foresight and the More

Since the beginning of 1980 so far, the concept of strategy in planning and urban management, as well as the concept of quality and process re-engineering expanded and improved. The strategic approach is at the heart of the planning skills, management, foresight and the part of the organization, and successfully led the organization. This theory is based on the concept of planning and urban management based utility.In the range of non-breakable strategic approach to planning and management relations and interaction acts as a bonding agent and is effective both in directing. The strategic concept for cross-discipline, wider than the internal ethos and practice management plan and transform it makes two guides and links.Also in the decade of the twentieth century in parallel "industrial revolution" planning and urban management, as well as other areas of life, changes were profound. This study aimed to investigate the effect of individual factors and structural change management approaches strategic approach is a city in Iran Using the method of survey have tried most important and effective component in this area is evaluated and analyzed. For data collection the opinions of 31 experts of relevant research has been used. To analyze research data regression analysis and single-sample T-test were used in SPSS software. Results showed that, with respect to the mean obtained for the indices of all the indicators suitable for strategic approach is not biased. The attitude indicator based knowledge with the difference of lower than average compared to other indicators, much higher priority. Manuscript profile

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98 - Identifying and Explaining the barriers of On-time Delivery in Water Projects: Case Study of Regional Water Co. in Mazandaran
M. Mokhktari H. Azadi

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99 - Prioritization and Evaluation of Effective Criteria on Rural Sustainability with an Emphasis on Agricultural Production (Case Study: Villages of Qazvin Province)
Vahid Bigdeli Rad Shahram Maleki

In addition to being the source of financial and livelihood resources for villagers, the agricultural production sector has the greatest impact in providing the country's strategic products; Therefore, in order to maintain and develop this sector, there is a need for th More

In addition to being the source of financial and livelihood resources for villagers, the agricultural production sector has the greatest impact in providing the country's strategic products; Therefore, in order to maintain and develop this sector, there is a need for the stability of rural areas based on a suitable approach. Based on this, in the current research, by using library resources and the opinions of rural affairs experts, criteria with the approach of supporting and removing obstacles from agricultural production, and then using the method of hierarchical analysis and Expert Choice software was used to evaluate and prioritize them. The results showed that the criterion of support has a higher priority than the criterion of removing obstacles to production. Also, among the production support sub-criteria, on-time payment of products with 16.4 percent and among the production prevention sub-criteria, mediation in the sales chain with 18.7 percent have more important priority. In addition, the villages of Alborz city have had a favorable situation in terms of production support components, with 20.2%. Also, in measuring the situation of eliminating production obstacles, the villages of Qazvin city have a better situation with a weight of 19.7%. On the other hand, the villages of Auj city are the least privileged in both criteria. In the end, the examination of the results showed the need to pay more attention to supporting and removing obstacles to agricultural production in Auj city. The main reason for this is the location of this city in the less developed region of Qazvin province, especially in terms of ease of access to the central regions of the province. Manuscript profile

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100 - Barriers for Integrating Information Communications Technology into English for Specific Purposes: A Review of Current Studies
بهاره کشتی آراست Hadi Salehi Omid Tabatabaei Roya Baharlooie

10.30495/jfl.2022.697450

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101 - English Teachers’ Research Engagement: Current Barriers and Future Strategies
Mehdi Mehrani Ali Behzadnia

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102 - Challenges facing higher education in improving the quality of educational services (a study with a phenomenological approach)
Somayeh Bahmei Taraneh Enayati

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103 - Investigating the Relationship between Barriers to Research Development and Knowledge Production among High School Teachers in Lamerd
ahmad askari

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104 - To Analyze Entry Barrier and Price in the Industry of Custom-Purpose Applications
Kiumars Shahbazi jalil badpeyma

Abstract The aim of this article is reducing the custom applied softwares cost. For this purpose, this research models the cost of related softwares by means of static bayesian game and assuming the computer companies awareness toward future demand. The results show if More

Abstract The aim of this article is reducing the custom applied softwares cost. For this purpose, this research models the cost of related softwares by means of static bayesian game and assuming the computer companies awareness toward future demand. The results show if an applicant firm, for custom-purpose software, demand its application in two or more stages, price competition of computer companies to attain future profits cause price reduction in bidding stage and its increase after bidding stages. With increase in demand stages, not only the maximum entry forestalling price, but also entry barriers being increase. Based on results, the buyer firms are suggested to complete their software requirement before purchasing and announce the producers from future demands such that the price of the software reduces. Manuscript profile

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105 - Explaining the Barriers to Tourism Development (Case Study: Kojur City)
jamshid einali mohammadali elahi chooran Mahdi Charagi

Tourism, as the second largest incomes industry in the world after oil, has had a remarkable development in terms of the structural and functional status of human settlements, including towns and villages, due to its many positive socio-economic impacts. The industry, f More

Tourism, as the second largest incomes industry in the world after oil, has had a remarkable development in terms of the structural and functional status of human settlements, including towns and villages, due to its many positive socio-economic impacts. The industry, from which it is promising The third development strategy of the Third World is considered. The purpose of this research is the most important obstacles to the development of tourism industry in Kojur city. Type of research and descriptive-analytical method. For data collection, library and field methods (questionnaire) have been used. The statistical population of the research is Kojour households. According to the Cochran formula, 150 samples were obtained. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics (exploratory factor analysis) have been used. The findings of the research show that the result of the reduction of 39 variables was eight factors: physical factor, physical and economic factor, factor of cultural information, cultural factor and social factor, among which the physical factor with the amount Special 67/8, which alone can calculate 34/15 variance, which was recognized as the most important obstacle to the development of tourism in the city of Kojur. Manuscript profile

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106 - Analysis of communication and cultural barriers to the development of medical and health tourism using interpretive structural modeling (Case study: Meshkinshahr city)
Ahad Norouzzadeh Mehdi Hosseini Majid Motamedi

The aim of this study is to identify the communication barriers to the development of medical and health tourism and also to design and test the conceptual model of these barriers according to the intercultural nature of medical and health tourism. Identifying the most More

The aim of this study is to identify the communication barriers to the development of medical and health tourism and also to design and test the conceptual model of these barriers according to the intercultural nature of medical and health tourism. Identifying the most important communication barriers to the development of medical tourism and health, designing a model of these barriers with structural interpretive modeling and finally, testing the hypotheses of this model in a sample of 150 people, are the three steps in this study. The results showed that the communication and cultural barriers to the development of medical and health tourism are: lack of knowledge, perceived linguistic differences, lack of trust, perceived cultural differences, prejudices and stereotypes. Also, provided that managers collect and categorize the factors affecting the concept of medical tourism and health, this issue can be a way for trustees and officials in the field of health in creating and increasing foreign exchange earnings for the country. Manuscript profile

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107 - A Study of the Barriers to Applying ICT in Teaching and Learning Process from the Viewpoints of the Qom’s 2nd Area Teachers
Mehran Farjollahi Mehdi Moeini Kia Reza Abbasi

The aim of this study was to investigate the viewpoints of teachers on barriers to applying information and communications technology in the process of teaching and learning. With respect to the purpose, this research was applied, and its method of performing was descri More

The aim of this study was to investigate the viewpoints of teachers on barriers to applying information and communications technology in the process of teaching and learning. With respect to the purpose, this research was applied, and its method of performing was descriptive-survey. By means of simple random sampling method, and using the Cochrane formula, 240 people were selected as the sample. The data collecting tool was the researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 42 questions. The opinions of education experts were used to determine the validity. Via Cronbach Alpha and using the SPSS software, the reliability of the questionnaire has equaled 0.86. In order to analyze the questions of the research and indentify barriers, exploratory factor analysis method has been used. The research results indicated that the barriers to applying ICT in teaching and learning process involve six factors: Physical infrastructure weakness, managerial infrastructure weakness, weakness of support services for teachers, lack of teachers’ cognitive preparation, lack of training for teachers to teach the new model of teaching, and lack of technical lesson planning and teachers’ cultural readiness. Manuscript profile

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108 - The Effective Factors on not Using Teaching Aids in the Process of Teaching and Learning from Teachers’ Point of View in Mazandaran Province
Sadraddin Sattari AbdolReza Jafarnejad

The purpose of this research was to study the teachers’ point of view on the effective factors on not using teaching aids in the process of teaching and learning in high schools in Mazandaran province. The method of the study was descriptive-survey and the populat More

The purpose of this research was to study the teachers’ point of view on the effective factors on not using teaching aids in the process of teaching and learning in high schools in Mazandaran province. The method of the study was descriptive-survey and the population was all teachers at high schools with more than two years service life. Out of the whole statistical population, 360 were selected randomly as sample, based on the Morgan table. The data collection was done through a researcher made questionnaire. In analysis of the collected data, the descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Results showed that several factors were effective on not using of teaching aids in the process of teaching and learning, including: negative attitude of teachers toward teaching aids, shortage and non availability of such aids, the crowding of students in each class, not mastery of teachers in using teaching aids, and inefficiency in way of school management. Manuscript profile

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109 - Identification of Barriers and Solutions of Using Capabilities of Electronic Informational Banks from the Point of View of Graduate Students (Case Study: Isfahan University)
Narges Keshtiaray Ali Reza Yousefi Shahram Shahbazi

The purpose of this study was the identification of most major barriers and solutions of using capabilities of electronic informational banks from the point of view of graduate students of Isfahan University. The method of the research was descriptive-survey and the sta More

The purpose of this study was the identification of most major barriers and solutions of using capabilities of electronic informational banks from the point of view of graduate students of Isfahan University. The method of the research was descriptive-survey and the statistical population was all graduate students of Isfahan University (4035 people) in the 2008-2009 academic year. According to Krejcie and Morgan table, 380 persons were selected by random stratified sampling method. The data collecting tool which consists 3 parts was a researcher made questionnaire with 0.84 validity and 0.85 reliability. The first part was related to the demographic information; the second part was related to the identification of most major barriers of using capabilities of electronic informational banks; and the third part deals with the identification of most major solutions. In order to analyze the information, the statistical methods of frequency, percentage and one sample t test was used. The results showed that the graduate students considered the most important barriers of using electronic informational banks as "lack of familiarity with information searching skill", with average 4.27 that is more than mean (3). Also they stated that "establishing English language courses towards better use of world web network" (81.2%), and "establishing special courses for training skills of searching electronic informational banks" (75.7%) were the most important solutions. Manuscript profile

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110 - Identifying Major Barriers of Application of Informational Technology in Aliabad Katul High Schools
Taraneh Enayati Farshideh Zameni Mohammad Javad Zanganeh

The aim of this research was to recognize major barriers of application of information technology in high schools in Aliabad Katul and to study current situation and importance of these barriers. The method of research was descriptive, survey. Statistical population inc More

The aim of this research was to recognize major barriers of application of information technology in high schools in Aliabad Katul and to study current situation and importance of these barriers. The method of research was descriptive, survey. Statistical population included 240 high-school principals and teachers. By using random classified sampling method and based on Krejcie & Morgan table, 210 teachers and 36 principals (total 246) were chosen as sample. In order to collect data, researcher made questionnaire was used which had 43 questions. Face and content validity was confirmed and its reliability was 0/91. Factor analysis with Varimax rotation was used to analyse data. The results of this research showed that 12 main barriers identified which named: Motivational, Equipment–Technical, Cultural, Human, Economical–Financial, Educational Infrastructures, Accessibility, Social, Professional Ability, Users Premium Payment, Filtering, and Experts of Technology Planners Shortage. Studying Current situation revealed that all above-mentioned factors were barriers in applying informational technology in Aliabad Katul high schools. Also investigating their importance showed that Economical–Financial factor was the most important and Motivational factor was the least important barriers of application of informational technology in Aliabad Katul high schools.    Manuscript profile

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111 - Assessing the Barriers to Convergence of Iran-Turkey Relations in the AKP Period
reza hamadanchi

10.30495/pir.2020.671826

After the military presence in Turkish politics ended, the AKP gained the opportunity to gain public trust in Turkey for nearly two decades. The history of Iran-Turkey relations as two effective neighbors in the Middle East shows that the relations between the two count More

After the military presence in Turkish politics ended, the AKP gained the opportunity to gain public trust in Turkey for nearly two decades. The history of Iran-Turkey relations as two effective neighbors in the Middle East shows that the relations between the two countries have always been up and down. So the question is, what are the main obstacles to the integration of Iran and Turkey in the AKP era? This descriptive-analytical study seeks to answer this question by pointing out that Turkey's relations with Israel, the difference between the attitude of Iran and Turkey to the Syrian crisis, and the regional rivalry of the two countries in the Middle East are leading the way in the integration of the two countries. To explain this research, a theoretical framework of pragmatism with adherence to modernism in Turkish foreign policy is considered. The AKP's pragmatism in foreign policy has played a decisive role in Turkey's strategies and goals. Manuscript profile

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112 - Investigating the Impact of Sociol-Cultural Barriers on Industry Development in Small and Medium Cities of Lorestan Province (with Emphasis on Small and Transformation Industries)
Farshid Garavand Asghar Mohammadi منصور حقیقتیان

This study investigates the impact of social-cultural barriers on industry development in small and medium cities of Lorestan province (with emphasis on small and conversion industries). The method of this survey research is the data collection tool of the questionnair More

This study investigates the impact of social-cultural barriers on industry development in small and medium cities of Lorestan province (with emphasis on small and conversion industries). The method of this survey research is the data collection tool of the questionnaire, the statistical population is 12022 people, the sample size is 483 people, the sampling method is available first as a class, then as a quota and finally as a random sample. The theoretical framework is based on the theories of Rosenstein, Ortsley, McClelland, Bourdieu, Coleman, Michael Hashter, Nathan Glaser, David Meyer and Guenon, and the total reliability is 0.7. Findings Based on the results of regression statistical test for each hypothesis, respectively, the variable of migration (-0.537), the existence of ethnic differences (-0.329), the existence of inefficient traditions (-0.151) Lack of incentive to progress (-0.087) have a negative effect on industrial development. Therefore, migration has the greatest effect and lack of motivation for progress has the least effect on industrial development. Also, the reduction of social capital is ineffective in regression weights. So, while confirming the research hypotheses, it is clear that socio-cultural barriers have a negative effect on the development of industry in small and medium cities of Lorestan province (with emphasis on small and conversion industries). Manuscript profile

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113 - An Investigation on the Impact of Social-Cultural Barriers of Industry Development in Small and Medium-sized Cities of Lorestan Province (with Emphasis on Small and conversion Industries)
Farshid Garavand Asghar Mohammadi Mansour Haghighatian

10.30495/uss.2022.699025

    This study investigated the impact of social-cultural barriers on industry development in small and medium sized cities in Lorestan province, paying special attention to small and conversion industries.  Survey research method and a questionnaire More

    This study investigated the impact of social-cultural barriers on industry development in small and medium sized cities in Lorestan province, paying special attention to small and conversion industries.  Survey research method and a questionnaire (reliability = 0.7) were used to collect neede data. The research population consisted of 12022 people of whom 483 individuals were selected via multi-stage quota sampling.  The theoretical framework drew on the theories of Rosenstein, Ortsley, McClelland, Bourdieu, Coleman, Michael Hashter, Nathan Glaser, David Meyer and Guenon.  Regression results showed migration (-0.537), the existence of ethnic differences (-0.329), the existence of inefficient (out-moded) traditions (-0.151),  lack of motivation to progress (-0.087) have a negative effect on industrial development.  Migration had the greatest effect and lack of motivation for progress had the least effect on industrial development.  Also, the reduction of social capital was ineffective in regression weights. So, while confirming the research hypotheses, it is clear that socio-cultural barriers have a negative effect on the development of industry in small and medium cities of Lorestan province.     Manuscript profile

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114 - A Study on Consolidation Barriers of Agricultural Farmlands (Case Study: Boukan County)
Khalid Karimi Loghman Rashidpour Soleiman Rasouli Azar

Agriculture with small-scale units, because of the lack of effective use of technology and modern facilities, is considered to be a limiting factor in the productivity and productivity of production in the agricultural sector, which cannot provide the minimum food neede More

Agriculture with small-scale units, because of the lack of effective use of technology and modern facilities, is considered to be a limiting factor in the productivity and productivity of production in the agricultural sector, which cannot provide the minimum food needed by the community. This research uses a descriptive-survey method to study the barriers of land consolidation in the Bokan County. Statistical population of the study was included all Agricultural beneficiaries of Boukan county that out of them, 200 sample were selected by Cochran formula in a simple random sampling method.The researcher-made questionnaire was used for data gathering that’s validity and reliability was confirmed by experts and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.87. Descriptive results showed that the average age of the farmers was 41 years and had an average of 21 years of agricultural work experience. The average owner of each farmer was 3 pieces of land. The results of factor analysis showed that six factors included; cultural barriers, social-participatory barriers, educational barriers, economic barriers, legal barriers and policy and structural barriers (topography) could explain about 73% of the variance of barriers to land consolidation.The results showed that, lack of training on appropriate consolidation methods, lack of farmers' participation in explanation classes, buying and selling agricultural land, traditional beliefs, the structure of certain laws such as inheritance and grant, land ownership, lack of attention to the rural economy, lack of participation of banks and lack of proper investment in agricultural sector, are the most important variables of the six-factor barriers of agricultural land consolidation in the Boukan county. Manuscript profile

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115 - On the Analysis of Barriers in front of Domestic Entrepreneurship in Rural Areas with Emphasis on Resistive Economy to Deprived Areas from Basiji Jihadist Students' Points of View (Case Study: Kamfiroz Rural District, Marvdasht County)
M. Rahmanian koushki Y. Zarei A. Estelaji

Small scale entrepreneurship in business format at home and housework is considered as an important solution for creating employment and revenue around the world, and it can be a shortcut to realizing a resistive economy in our country. Although domestic entrepreneurshi More

Small scale entrepreneurship in business format at home and housework is considered as an important solution for creating employment and revenue around the world, and it can be a shortcut to realizing a resistive economy in our country. Although domestic entrepreneurship is one of the best fields of women’s economic activity, particularly in rural areas, its development is facing lots of obstacles and limitations.Accordingly, the present study was done with the aim of analyzing the barriers in front of domestic entrepreneurship with emphasis on resistive economy. The dominant approach of this study was quantitative based on survey method. The population included 150 Basiji Jihadist students in Marvdasht Islamic Azad university (N=150) which were studied using census method. Finally, 126 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. Questionnaire was the main tool to collect data. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and specialists. In order to determine the reliability of the research tool, a pre-test was performed. The Cronbach alpha was calculated for the main scale of the questionnaire (α = 0.794), which indicated the suitability of the research tool. The data was analyzed using SPSSwin22 and LISREL 8.80 software. For identifying obstacles in front of home entrepreneurship with an emphasis on resistive economy, and to investigate the good index of the research model, the exploratory factor analysis and also, confirmatory factor analysis as well as structural equations model (SEM) were employed, separately. The results of factor analysis related to the barriers in front of domestic entrepreneurship showed that variables have been subjected to six factors of supportive weakness, economic barriers, cultural and social barriers, knowledge and information giving weaknesses, family barriers and lack of relevant laws. These six factor explained 70.521 % variance of the obstacles in front of domestic entrepreneurship with an emphasis on resistive economy. Finally, some recommendations were developed based on the research findings.   Manuscript profile

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116 - Analysis of Economic Barriers to Entrepreneurship Development in Rural Areas With structural and institutional approach Case Study: Zoeram Rural District, Shirvan County
seyede parvin hoseyni hossein farahani

AbstractToday, the world of economics has shifted from a large-scale management-oriented economy to a small-scale entrepreneurial economy, and entrepreneurship - especially in small and medium-sized businesses - is recognized as a way to adapt to the changing environmen More

AbstractToday, the world of economics has shifted from a large-scale management-oriented economy to a small-scale entrepreneurial economy, and entrepreneurship - especially in small and medium-sized businesses - is recognized as a way to adapt to the changing environment and driving force of the economy. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the economic barriers to the development of tourism entrepreneurship in rural areas, which is in terms of nature and descriptive-analytical method and according to the practical objectives. The statistical population in this study includes people living in the villages of Zavaram district. In collecting information and data, library and field studies (observation and completion of the questionnaire) were used. After collecting information through the questionnaire, the data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and path analysis. The results showed that there is a direct relationship between economic barriers and structural institutional change with 0.235 percent, it is significant up to 95 percent, and economic barriers are considered effective, while economic barriers (failure of economic facilities, failure of support systems) , Supply and demand gap, inadequacy of coordination and economic participation, policy-making and legislation) are important and influential, such as the index of inadequacy of coordination and economic participation (0.388), failure of support systems (0.281), policy-making and legislation ( 0.132) are three indicators that have been assigned the first to third priorities in terms of effectiveness.According to the results, economic barriers are known to be effective, effective and undesirable, and in order to develop entrepreneurship in rural areas, major changes must be made in the structure and institution of various economic areas. Manuscript profile

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117 - Barriers to Privatization of Agricultural Extension in Khuzestan Province, Iran
Manoochehr Alizadehnia

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118 - Identifying the Barriers of Science and Technology Parks (STPs) in the Development of Agricultural Technology in Iran
Homyoon Dinarany Tahmasb Maghsoudi Saeed Mohammadzadeh Azadeh Noorollah Noorivandi

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119 - Educational, Social, Economical Barriers of Organic Agriculture Implementation
Masoud Samian Karim Nadery Mahdei Heshmatolah Saadi Elham Ansari Masoud Asadi Yaser Mardani

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120 - A Study of Gender Socialization and Its Role in Women's Political Socialization (Case Study of Cultural Women in Ahvaz)
Azita Zangeneh abdoreza hashemi Eshagh Arjmand Siyahposh

Women's political socialization, in the field of politics and decision-making, has an important role in the development and modernization of any country, and realizing the importance of this issue, every country should try to remove cultural, social, political and econo More

Women's political socialization, in the field of politics and decision-making, has an important role in the development and modernization of any country, and realizing the importance of this issue, every country should try to remove cultural, social, political and economic barriers to women's participation for Achieving the growth and prosperity of society in all areas. Considering the importance of political socialization and the role of women in society, this study was conducted as a survey in a community consisting of 8763 cultural women in Ahvaz. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, variance and frequency tables as well as inferential statistics such as Pearson correlation test. Linear regression was used to investigate the natural scatter of data. Findings show that there is a significant relationship between women's political socialization and gender socialization variable. The correlation coefficient between them is 0.138 and their significance level is 0.05. Therefore, we conclude that the different gender socialization of women is one of the barriers to political socialization. Manuscript profile

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121 - شناسایی موانع بکارگیری یادگیری الکترونیکی توسط دانشجویان تحصیلات تکمیلی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ایلام
زهرا شیرخانی مرجان واحدی محمد باقر آرایش

با ظهور و پیشرفت فناوری‌های ارتباطی و اطلاعاتی و تأثیر آن بر همه ابعاد زندگی بشر، جهان وارد جامعه جدیدی به‌نام جامعه اطلاعاتی شده است. بنابراین یادگیری الکترونیکی ضرورت جامعه اطلاعاتی و شرط اصلی را در ارتقاء کیفیت آموزش دارد. هدف از این مطالعه شناسایی موانع بکارگیری یاد More

با ظهور و پیشرفت فناوری‌های ارتباطی و اطلاعاتی و تأثیر آن بر همه ابعاد زندگی بشر، جهان وارد جامعه جدیدی به‌نام جامعه اطلاعاتی شده است. بنابراین یادگیری الکترونیکی ضرورت جامعه اطلاعاتی و شرط اصلی را در ارتقاء کیفیت آموزش دارد. هدف از این مطالعه شناسایی موانع بکارگیری یادگیری الکترونیکی توسط دانشجویان تحصیلات تکمیلی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ایلام بوده‌است. این تحقیق کاربردی بوده و از روش تحقیق توصیفی- پیمایشی استفاده شده‌است. جامعه آماری پژوهش 153نفر بوده که به روش سرشماری و با استفاده از ابزار پرسشنامه مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. اعتبار محتوایی پرسشنامه با استفاده از پانل متخصصان تأیید شده‌است و برای پایایی پرسشنامه از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شده که مقدار آن برابر با 96/0 بدست آمده است. در این پژوهش به منظور شناسایی و دسته بندی موانع بکارگیری یادگیری الکترونیکی از تحلیل عاملی با رویکرد اکتشافی استفاده گردید. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که موانع بکارگیری یادگیری الکترونیک در 5 دسته شامل موانع زیرساختی، موانع نگرشی، موانع فنی- تخصصی، موانع انسانی و موانع آموزشی- مهارتی طبقه بندی شده است که این پنج عامل در مجموع 38/58% از واریانس کل را نمودند. Manuscript profile

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122 - موانع صادرات عسل در ایران با استفاده از روش دیمتل
مهدی همایون فر سید محمد زرگر منصور صوفی سیده فرشته موسوی

رشد سریع اقتصاد دنیا، کسبوکارهای دارای ریسکهای پایین کسبوکار، تعهد اندک به منابع و انعطافپذیری بالا را برای مشارکت در بازارهای بینالمللی تحریک کرده است. هر چند شواهد و قرائن نشان میدهد در مراحل مختلف بینالمللی شدن موانع متفاوتی بر More

رشد سریع اقتصاد دنیا، کسبوکارهای دارای ریسکهای پایین کسبوکار، تعهد اندک به منابع و انعطافپذیری بالا را برای مشارکت در بازارهای بینالمللی تحریک کرده است. هر چند شواهد و قرائن نشان میدهد در مراحل مختلف بینالمللی شدن موانع متفاوتی برای صادرات وجود دارد. بنابراین مطالعه تجربی حاضر به منظور شناخت موانع صادرات محصولات کشاورزی به طور ویژه عسل در ایران انجام شد. بر اساس مرور ادبیات اکتشافی موانع متعددی برای شناسایی محصولات کشاورزی شناسایی شد. این موانع در قالب پرسشنامه برای یک نمونه 20 نفری از خبرگان صادرات عسل در اردبیل ارسال شد. پس از گردآوری پرسشنامهها و تجزیه و تحلیل پاسخها، 21 عامل به عنوان موانع اصلی صادرات عسل شناسایی شد. با استفاده از یک تکنیک مبتنی بر تئوری گراف (دیمتل) و دارای ساختار بازخوردی، اثرات مستقیم و غیرمستقیم این موانع بر یکدیگر در قالب یک سیستم جامع مشخص شد. نتایج نشان میدهد که تنظیم فعالیتهای ارتقاء صادرات، کمبود مشوقها و کمکهای دولتی، کمبود سرمایه برای صادرات، موانع تعرفهای و غیر تعرفهای، عادات / نگرشهای مختلف مشتریان خارجی مهمترین موانع صادرات محسوب میشوند. Manuscript profile

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123 - ادراک کارشناسان کشاورزی نسبت به موانع پذیرش کشاورزی دقیق
اصغر باقری نیر امامی

کشاورزی دقیق پتانسیل بالایی برای افزایش محصولات کشاورزی، کاهش هزینه و حفظ محیطزیست دارد، ولی پذیرش این فناوریها با موانعی مواجه است که لازم مورد توجه قرار گیرد. با استفاده از نمونهای متشکل از 142 کارشناس کشاورزی، این پیمایش برای شناسایی ادراک کارشناسان نس More

کشاورزی دقیق پتانسیل بالایی برای افزایش محصولات کشاورزی، کاهش هزینه و حفظ محیطزیست دارد، ولی پذیرش این فناوریها با موانعی مواجه است که لازم مورد توجه قرار گیرد. با استفاده از نمونهای متشکل از 142 کارشناس کشاورزی، این پیمایش برای شناسایی ادراک کارشناسان نسبت به موانع کشاورزی دقیق دراستان اردبیل، ایران انجام شد. ابزار جمع آوری دادهها پرسشنامهای بود که روایی آن توسط گروهی از اساتید دانشگاه تایید گردید. یک مطالعه راهنما به کمک 30 کارشناس انجام شد که مقدار آلفا بیانگر پایایی بالای ابزار تحقیق بود. به علت شیوع کووید 19 جمعآوری دادهها بصورت مجازی انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که کارشناسان دانش خوبی نسبت به کشاورزی دقیق داشتن. پنج عامل فقدان دانش، موانع اقتصادی، فقدان تعامل بین کشاورزان- ترویج، مساله امنیت دادهها، و فقدان دسترسی، 34/73 درصد از واریانس موانع پذیرش فناوریهای کشاورزی دقیق را تبیین کردهاند. باتوجه به فقدان دانش و تعامل ضعیف کشاورز – مروج،  لازم است فعالیتهای آموزشی ترویجی برای ارتقای آگاهی کشاورزان در زمینه کشاورزی دقیق صورت گیرد. جهت رفع موانع اقتصادی لازم است تسهیلات و اعتبارات لازم برای توسعه و کابرد این فناوریها تخصیص یابد. در خصوص موانع امنیت داده‌ها و عدم دسترسی، دولت و سازمان‌های وابسته باید در رفع مشکلات دسترسی به اینترنت اقدام نمایند. همچنین، آموزش و امکانات لازم برای حفظ امنیت دادهها به کشاورزان ارایه گردد. با توجه به تاثیر ادراک سـودمندی بر نگـرش، لازم است آموزشهای ضمن خدمت بـرای اصلاح دانش و ادراک کارشناسـان نسبت به سـودمندی این فناوری‌هـا ارایه شـود. مزارع نمایشی کشاورزی دقیق در مراکز تحقیقاتی یا مزارع کشاورزان با تعامل کارشناسان میتواند موثر باشد Manuscript profile

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124 - شناسایی و تبیین موانع کلیدی دانش‌محور شدن شرکت‌های دانش بنیان حوزه کشاورزی بر اساس روش نظریه داده بنیاد
منوچهر انصاری حسین جمور محمد حق شناس محمد کاوسی کلاشمی

در این پژوهش با توجه به اهمیت دانش محور بودن شرکت های حوزه کشاورزی در فضای رقابتی و پویای حاکم اقدام به شناسایی موانع دانش محور بودن این شرکت ها کردیم. در این راستا با استفاده از رویکرد کیفی برای جمع آوری داده ها با 38 نفر از کارشناسان و مدیران شرکت های کشاورزی موجود در More

در این پژوهش با توجه به اهمیت دانش محور بودن شرکت های حوزه کشاورزی در فضای رقابتی و پویای حاکم اقدام به شناسایی موانع دانش محور بودن این شرکت ها کردیم. در این راستا با استفاده از رویکرد کیفی برای جمع آوری داده ها با 38 نفر از کارشناسان و مدیران شرکت های کشاورزی موجود در پارک علم و فنآوری شهرک پردیس ، کرج ، استان اصفهان، استان همدان و دانشگاه تهران، مصاحبه‌های عمیقی انجام گرفت. معیار ِ اصلی برای تعیین حجم نمونه، نیل به نقطه اشباع نظری بود. تمامی افراد حجم نمونه موردمطالعه با رویکرد هدفمند و با روش گلوله برفی انتخاب شدند. کدگذاری و تحلیل داده ها طی سه مرحله به انجام رسید و درنهایت، مدل پارادایمی موانع کلیدی دانش محور شدن شرکت های دانش بنیان حوزه کشاورزی شکل گرفت. براساس نتایج این تحقیق 5 عنصر اصلی درونی و بیرونی شناسایی شدند که عبارت اند از: ناکارآمدی بازار، موانع حاکمیتی-اداری، اتحادیه یا تشکل ناکارآمد، ضعف مهارتی و حرفه ای گری، ناکارآمدی درونی شرکت. Manuscript profile

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125 - تجاری سازی دانش در آموزش عالی کشاورزی: یک رویکرد دو مرحله ای برای مدل سازی معادلات ساختاری
مسعود احمدی نژاد

هدف از این مطالعه تحلیل تجارسازی دانش در آموزش عالی کشاورزی استان خوزستان بود. برای اجرای آن از روش تحقیق پیمایشی استفاده شد. اعضای هیئت علمی دانشکده های کشاورزی استان خوزستان ، از جمله دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین و دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی More

هدف از این مطالعه تحلیل تجارسازی دانش در آموزش عالی کشاورزی استان خوزستان بود. برای اجرای آن از روش تحقیق پیمایشی استفاده شد. اعضای هیئت علمی دانشکده های کشاورزی استان خوزستان ، از جمله دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین و دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی به عنوان جامعه آماری در نظر گرفته شد(417 N = ). ابزار اصلی پژوهش پرسشنامه ای بود که روایی آن توسط یک هیئت متخصص تعیین شد و از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ نیز برای تعیین پایایی پرسشنامه استفاده شد (0/86  α= ) براساس تحلیل رگرسیون ، محققان مؤثر ، ارتباط مؤثر دانشگاه با صنعت و جامعه ، حمایت مادی و معنوی از تجاری دانش ، خدمات دولتی ، قوانین و مقررات و پارکها و مراکز توسعه علم و فناوری 61/4 درصد از تغییرات در سطح تجاری سازی دانش در آموزش عالی کشاورزی را تبیین نمودند.SEM نشان داد که اثر عوامل خارجی (EF) و عوامل داخلی (IF) بر تجاری سازی دانش مثبت  (KC) است. همچنین خدمات دولتی (GS) ، محرک اقتصادی (ES) ، قوانین و مقررات (RR) و پارک ها و مراکز توسعه علم و فناوری (PC) تأثیر قابل توجهی در EF دارند. یافته ها حاکی از آن است که محققان مؤثر (ER) ، ارتباط مؤثر دانشگاه با صنعت و جامعه (ERU) ، حمایت مادی و معنوی از تجارت دانش در دانشگاه ها (MS) ، استفاده از مشاوران تخصصی در زمینه تجاری سازی دانش (SC) و کیفیت تحقیق (RQ) تأثیر قابل توجهی در IF دارد. یافته ها نشان داد که این 9 سازه GS، ES، RR، PC، ER، ERU، MS، SC و RQ 73 درصد از واریانس KC را تبیین کردند. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که بی اعتمادی بین صنعت و دانشگاه اولویت اول موانع تجاری سازی دانش در آموزش عالی کشاورزی است.   Manuscript profile

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126 - تبیین موانع بازگشت به کشاورزی ارگانیک در استان آذربایجان غربی
لقمان رشیدپور

هدف از این مطالعه تبیین موانع تبدیل به کشاورزی ارگانیک در استان آذربایجان غربی بود. پژوهش حاضر یک تحقیق  توصیفی – پیمایشی، بر مبنای هدف از نوع تحقیقات کاربردی، و بر اساس گردآوری داده ها یک تحقیق میدانی است. برای دستیابی به اهداف مطالعه، گردآوری داده ها با است More

هدف از این مطالعه تبیین موانع تبدیل به کشاورزی ارگانیک در استان آذربایجان غربی بود. پژوهش حاضر یک تحقیق  توصیفی – پیمایشی، بر مبنای هدف از نوع تحقیقات کاربردی، و بر اساس گردآوری داده ها یک تحقیق میدانی است. برای دستیابی به اهداف مطالعه، گردآوری داده ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه و مصاحبه های عمیق از دو گروه کشاورزان ارگانیک کار و کشاورزان متداول کارانجام شد. جامعه آماری شامل 400 نفر از کشاورزان بودند که با استفاده از جدول مورگان انتخاب شدند. برای تعیین نمونه از روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای استفاده شد. ابزار پژوهش شامل پرسشنامه محقق ساخته بود که روایی آن توسط یک گروه متخصص شامل متخصصان کشاورزی و توسعه و توسعه روستایی مورد تایید قرار گرفت. از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ برای اندازه گیری پایایی بخش های مختلف استفاده شد و مقدار آن 87/0 تعیین شد. نتایج تحلیل عاملی نشان داد که موانع بازگشت به کشاورزی ارگانیک را می توان در 5 فاکتور شامل، موانع اقتصادی، موانع اجتماعی، موانع حمایتی سیاستی ، موانع اطلاع رسانی و آموزشی و موانع طبیعی طبقه بندی کرد، که این فاکتورها در مجموع 47.8٪ واریانس موانع تبدیل به کشاورزی ارگانیک را تبیین نمودند. Manuscript profile

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127 - نگرش و ادراک سیب زمینی کاران شهرستان اردبیل نسبت به فناوری‌های آبیاری دقیق
اصغر باقری سحر پیرمؤدن

هدف از این پژوهش بررسی نگرش و ادراک کشاورزان نسبت به پیشبرندهها و موانع فناوریهای آبیاری دقیق میباشد. این پژوهش به روش پیمایشی انجام شد و اطلاعات لازم از نمونهای شامل 240 کشاورز سیبزمینیکار شهرستان  اردبیل جمعآوری گردید. ابزار پژو More

هدف از این پژوهش بررسی نگرش و ادراک کشاورزان نسبت به پیشبرندهها و موانع فناوریهای آبیاری دقیق میباشد. این پژوهش به روش پیمایشی انجام شد و اطلاعات لازم از نمونهای شامل 240 کشاورز سیبزمینیکار شهرستان  اردبیل جمعآوری گردید. ابزار پژوهش پرسشنامهای بود که روایی آن بوسیله گروهی از متخصصین تایید گردید. مقادیر آلفای کرونباخ برای نگرش، پیشبرندهها و موانع 813/0، 870/0 و 799/0 به دست آمد که بیانگر پایایی مناسب ابزار تحقیق می باشد. نتایج نشان داد که پاسخگویان اکثراً میانسال بودند و تجربه خوبی در کشاورزی داشتند. اکثر آنها کمسواد بودند، بیش از نیمی از پاسخگویان نگرش نسبتاً منفی داشتند درحالی که نگرش بقیه نسبتاً تا خیلی مثبت بود. نتیجه تحلیل رگرسیون نشان داد که متغیرهای تحصیلات، دانش و منابع اطلاعاتی 5/46 درصد از واریانس نگرش کشاورزان را تبیین کرده است. نمونه به دو گروه 120 نفره تقسیم شد و از آنها خواسته شد تا یک گروه ادراک خود را نسبت به موانع و گروه دیگر ادراک خود را نسبت به پیشبرندهها بیان نمایند. نتیجه تحلیل عاملی نشان داد که سه عامل با مقدار ویژه بالاتر از یک به نامهای کارآیی آب، سهولت عملیات زراعی و منافع مادی برای پیشبرنده استخراج گردید که مجموعاً 18/63 درصد از واریانس کل را تبیین نمودهاند و پنج عامل به نامهای عوامل دانشی، فنی، مهارتی، مدیریتی و پشتیبانی برای موانع استخراج گردید که مجموعاً 12/63 درصد از واریانس را تبیین نمودهاند. Manuscript profile

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128 - بررسی ابعاد موانع ترویج کشاورزی تلفیقی تجاری کوچک مقیاس
ید حسن حسینی خشت مسجدی سحر در یوری سید جمال فرج اله حسینی مریم امیدی نجف آبادی

کشاورزان در مقیاس کوچک برای دستیابی به کشاورزی تجاری یکپارچه در مقیاس کوچک با موانع متعددی روبرو هستند. این مطالعه با روش توصیفی- تحلیلی به بررسی موانع کشاورزی تلفیقی تجاری در مقیاس کوچک می پردازد. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه شالیکاران استان گیلان (180106=N) بوده و حجم نمونه More

کشاورزان در مقیاس کوچک برای دستیابی به کشاورزی تجاری یکپارچه در مقیاس کوچک با موانع متعددی روبرو هستند. این مطالعه با روش توصیفی- تحلیلی به بررسی موانع کشاورزی تلفیقی تجاری در مقیاس کوچک می پردازد. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه شالیکاران استان گیلان (180106=N) بوده و حجم نمونه (422=n) با استفاده از جدول کرجسی و مورگان به روش نمونه گیری تصادفی طبقه ای تعیین شد. ابزار پژوهش پرسشنامه ای بود که روایی آن توسط پانل متخصصان و پایایی آن با ضریب آلفای کرونباخ (89/0) تأیید شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها با نرم افزار SPSS و تحلیل مسیر با نرم افزار Smart PLS انجام شد. نتایج تحلیل مسیر نشان داد که موانع گسترش تأثیر مستقیم بر کشاورزی در مقیاس کوچک (441/0=β) و کشاورزی تجاری تلفیقی (401/0=β) و تأثیر غیرمستقیم بر کشاورزی تلفیقی تجاری در مقیاس کوچک (541/0 = β) و غیر مستقیم (β = 0.91). با توجه به مقدار t، فرضیه تحقیق در مورد موانع گسترش می توان نتیجه گرفت که اثربخشی بین متغیرهای مستقل و وابسته معنادار است. بر اساس نتایج به‌دست‌آمده، استفاده از عوامل ترویجی آگاه، کاهش وظایف غیرگسترشی مروجین و کمک به سازمان‌های محلی برای کاهش واسطه‌ها از عوامل ضروری در رفع موانع این نوع سیستم‌های کشاورزی است. Manuscript profile

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129 - Identification of the Applications and Obstacles of Industrial Development of Medicinal Plants in Boyer-Ahmad County
Mahdi Miri Mahdi Nouripoor Zeinab Sharifi

Due to the growing population and the use of pesticides and chemicals in food production, people's health has received more attention than ever before. The side effects of chemical drugs have led the world community to take medicinal herbs and drugs of natural orig More

Due to the growing population and the use of pesticides and chemicals in food production, people's health has received more attention than ever before. The side effects of chemical drugs have led the world community to take medicinal herbs and drugs of natural origin. On this basis, interests in the use of herbal remedies has become more prevalent among different societies, thus the 20th century is called the century of return to nature. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the applications and barriers of industrial development of Medicinal Plants in Boyer Ahmad County. The statistical population of the present study consisted of informed and knowledgeable people about Medicinal Plants of Boyerahmad region such as specialists, local experts and sellers of Medicinal Plants. Purposeful sampling was performed by snowball technique. Interview and semi-structured questionnaire with open questions were applied to collect the required information. The results indicated that the 65 most important Medicinal Plants consisted of Thyme, Anchovy, Yarrow, Corm etc. in three categories: medicinal, aromatic and spicy. The finding revealed that barriers to industrial development of Medicinal Plants included lack of government support, lack of infrastructures, lack of wild herbs, lack of academic experts, unwillingness of indigenous farmers to cultivate Medicinal Plants, and lack of financial facilities at low interest rates. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

130 - Preventive Factors to Found Walnut Production Cooperatives in Tuyserkan Township, Iran
Mohammad Abdolmaleky

10.5455/ijamd.178096

This study was conducted to seek the opinion of walnut producers on barriers affecting the success of producers to found production cooperatives regarding horticultural products in Tuyserkan Township, Iran. A sample of 234 walnut producers were randomly selected through More

This study was conducted to seek the opinion of walnut producers on barriers affecting the success of producers to found production cooperatives regarding horticultural products in Tuyserkan Township, Iran. A sample of 234 walnut producers were randomly selected through multistage cluster sampling technique. Descriptive- correlation research method was used in this study which has been implemented through the questionnaire. For determining the validity of questionnaire, the face and content validity was used. Reliability for the instrument was estimated at 0.94. According to factor analysis, barriers to found and develop walnut production cooperatives were categorized into seven groups that explained 65.799% of the total variance of the research variables. The results also indicated that lack of cultural infrastructures, inadequate knowledge and incorrect opinions of producers and leaders, inadequate laws and vulnerability and infrastructural barriers had the most effect to found and develop walnut production cooperatives, respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

131 - Identifying the Barriers of Sustainable Agriculture Adoption by Wheat Farmers in Takestan, Iran
Shaghayegh Kheiri

10.5455/ijamd.175275

Conventional agriculture systems of production often lead to environmental degradation, economic problems and even social conflict. The efficacy of agriculture systems conducive to the economic, environmental and social sustainability of farming operations has been demo More

Conventional agriculture systems of production often lead to environmental degradation, economic problems and even social conflict. The efficacy of agriculture systems conducive to the economic, environmental and social sustainability of farming operations has been demonstrated, yet the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices is not widespread. This study evaluates the barriers of sustainable agriculture by wheat farmers in Takestan using a descriptive–correlation survey methodology. This quantitative study was based on a Researcher made questionnaire designed to elicit the barriers to adoption of sustainable agriculture practices perceived by a sample of 149 wheat farmers in the Takestan (N=268), through a stratified random sampling technique. Instrument validity was confirmed by a panel of experts. The reliability estimated by Cronbach’s coefficient (α=0.905). The data has been analyzed using the SPSS (16). The results revealed that the high cost of sustainable agriculture was the most important barriers in its implementation (M=4.74). The findings of multiple regressions explained that farmer’s attitudes and practices of sustainable agriculture explained 89 percent of the variance of the barriers of sustainable agriculture. Farmer’s attitudes had the most influence on the determination of the barriers of sustainable agriculture (β=0.775). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

132 - Major Barriers to Application of Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) Technologies in Sustainability of Livestock Units
Marzieh Panahzadeh Parikhani Fatemeh Razzaghi Borkhani Hossein Shabanali Fami Naser Motiee Abotaleb Hosseinpoor

DOI: 10.5455/ijamd.161640

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the major barriers to application of Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) technologies in sustainability of livestock by ranchers of Meshkinshahr. A sample of 120 farmers was selected by using proportional random sampling More

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the major barriers to application of Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) technologies in sustainability of livestock by ranchers of Meshkinshahr. A sample of 120 farmers was selected by using proportional random sampling method. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire. Validity of questionnaire was determined through Agricultural Jihad exports of Meshkinshahr County and some faculty members at University of Tehran, Department of Agricultural Management and Development. Cronbach’s alpha was used to estimate the reliability. The reliability was found to be acceptable. The results of Factor Analysis showed that infrastructure barriers, informational- educational barriers, institutional-support barriers, personal barriers, economical barriers were the five barriers to application of Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) technologies in livestock unites. These factors explained 67.23 percent of the total variance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

133 - Factors affecting barriers to teamwork and identification of their causal relationships.
mahnaz jafari sasan adib

Background and Objective: Nowadays, many studies by management researchers aim to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of organizational activities towards work teams. In a way that teamwork has always been given a special place in the literature of excellent organ More

Background and Objective: Nowadays, many studies by management researchers aim to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of organizational activities towards work teams. In a way that teamwork has always been given a special place in the literature of excellent organizations. The other important point is the obstacles to teamwork.Methodology: In this research, the fuzzy DEMATEL technique was used. Experts were selected through purposive sampling to collect data.Findings: The results showed that among the components, the lack of up-to-date and practical training had the most impact, and also the inappropriate culture of teamwork had the most susceptibility and more interaction. Negative and inappropriate personality traits, insufficient knowledge, awareness of the benefits of teamwork, lack of material resources and incentives were ineffective, and the inefficiency of interpersonal communication system, inappropriate organizational structure with teamwork, and inappropriate culture of teamwork were also accountable. Also, the inappropriate culture of teamwork is the key and most influential component, and the lack of up-to-date and practical training is the most effective component.Conclusion: Before taking any action, organizations must initiate problem-solving skill training based on individuals' abilities to prevent obstacles to teamwork. To improve teamwork, individuals' personality traits should be taken into account, especially during recruitment and hiring, and their incompatibility with teamwork should be avoided. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

134 - Identification and Leveling of Structural Barriers to Guilan Governance Based on Behavioral - Interpretive Model
Sayedmohammadreza Hosseini Hamidreza Rezaee kelidbari

The competency framework with competency-based management and competency models is a key tool in human resource management. Many governments have also implemented a competency framework in the public sector, and have seen positive results in recruitment processes and co More

The competency framework with competency-based management and competency models is a key tool in human resource management. Many governments have also implemented a competency framework in the public sector, and have seen positive results in recruitment processes and comprehensive communication with staff and training and development processes. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize the behavioral barriers to the establishment of competency system in Guilan governorate based on Structural-Interpretive Model(ISM). The research method is descriptive survey and its statistical population consists of Guilan governor general executives including general managers, deputy directors, heads of departments, governing experts as well as academic experts. They were selected. The method of data collection is library and field data collection tools; structured interview with the elite and completing the questionnaire. The validity of the data collection tool is content-based and face-to-face(CVR). Confirmed. Structural-interpretive technique was used to prioritize. The findings of this study show that kinship, partying, and law-abiding, the existence of friendly relationships stemming from Iranian culture in the working relationships and personality weaknesses of some managers of the organization and the appointment of influential people to several sensitive managerial positions regardless of organizational structure and meritocracy principle, Behavioral dimension is one of the barriers that have the greatest impact on the establishment of the merit system. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

135 - Analysis of interactions among the barriers to JIT production: interpretive structural modelling approach
J. R. Jadhav S. S. Mantha S. B. Rane

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Open Access Article

136 - Analysis of interactions among barriers in project risk management
Rahul V. Dandage Shankar S. Mantha Santosh B. Rane Vanita Bhoola

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Open Access Article

137 - Identifying preventive factors of time management in University Libraries: Case Study of Central Library of Tehran University
maryam safavi alireza noruzi

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify factors inhibiting time management in the central library of Tehran University. Methods: The target population included all managers in different parts of the central library of Tehran University.Data were collected throu More

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify factors inhibiting time management in the central library of Tehran University. Methods: The target population included all managers in different parts of the central library of Tehran University.Data were collected through Library resources and interviews. In order to answer the main question, 12 interviews were conducted. To test the reliability of the questionnaire, the retest reliability method and the coders were used. Considering the high percentage of 60%, it was concluded that the study has the desired reliability.The validity of this research was studied through seven stages, It can be said that research has high content validity. Results: the main themes were extracted Which is one of the factors preventing time management, It can be noted that the lack of planning and lack of proper organizational relationship and the lack of cooperation of the mother organization that referred to in the present study in the form of a generalized model And the relationships between the extracted themes are described. In the current study, Out of the 19 initial main teams, 8 final main teams emerged. Miscellaneous team data was used among other teams, and this team was eventually removed. Conclusion: the deterrents in time management in the central library of the University of Tehran in the form of main themes called cultural factors (not referring to those who refer to time management ...), Strategic factors (lack of planning ...) And organizational factors (non-delegation of powers and duties ...) were concluded. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

138 - Identification and ranking of knowledge flow barriers in Islamic Azad University libraries
asgar akbari

Objective: Identifying and ranking barriers to knowledge flow in Islamic Azad University libraries to implement the deployment of knowledge management. Methods: Research method was survey. The statistical population of the study include all managers of the central libra More

Objective: Identifying and ranking barriers to knowledge flow in Islamic Azad University libraries to implement the deployment of knowledge management. Methods: Research method was survey. The statistical population of the study include all managers of the central libraries of Islamic Azad University with at least 2 employees and 60 managers. The data collection tool was an organized questionnaire that its reliability was calculated with Cronbach's alpha of 0/87. Data analysis is done by using Friedman test and using SPSS software version 22. Results: From the most to the least obstacles average ratings include: management factors with 7/51; technology factors with 7/25; organizational factors with 6.24; individual factors with 4/5; source of knowledge with 3/60; the material knowledge factors with 3/10; communication channels with 2/73; time factors with 1/01. Conclusion: The results showed that the eight factors of barriers to knowledge flow, implementation of knowledge management establishment in Islamic Azad University libraries make constrains.In order to eliminate existing obstacles attention to managerial factors is one of the main priorities of libraries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

139 - Investigating barriers affecting the attraction and use of Dezful Public Library Services
Samanesadat Ghazidezfoli Sarah Saeidy Zadeh

 Objective: The aim of the present study is to investigate the barriers affecting users' use of the Dezful Library Services in 2019. Method: This study is an applied one by purpose and descriptive survey method which was conducted using a researcher-made questionna More

 Objective: The aim of the present study is to investigate the barriers affecting users' use of the Dezful Library Services in 2019. Method: This study is an applied one by purpose and descriptive survey method which was conducted using a researcher-made questionnaire. Based on the Morgan table formula, given the total number of members of these libraries, 382 individuals were randomly selected. After distributing questionnaires 302 people answered the questions and delivered the questionnaires .The data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics, frequency tables, and Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: The findings of the present study showed that priority, personal barriers to using and attracting people, the tendency to use the Internet in the first place, being busy considering education, work, personal in the second place, and preferring other hobbies in the third place. Effective barriers of library, respectively are lack of good welfare facilities in the first place, little local TV advertising in the second place, lack of proper local and regional advertisements in the third place. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that increasing users' use of Internet services and mobile phones as the first and most important barrier to personal attraction are considered; and lack of welfare conditions in Dezful public libraries is also the first effective barrier of not attracting and using the services of these libraries. Increasing the level of education of individuals increases their level of demand for the physical condition of libraries and the use of their services, and men have more personal barriers than women to using the services of public libraries in the city of Dezful. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

140 - Investigating the Barriers of Theorizing the Knowledge and Information Science field from the Perspective of Faculty Members of Universities of Iran
HamidReza Mahmoodi mohammad hasanzadeh fatemeh zandian

Objective: Preliminary evidence and review of previous research indicate that theorizing in the field of information science is not in a good position. The purpose of this study is to weigh the barriers to theorizing in this field. In fact, in this research we seek to k More

Objective: Preliminary evidence and review of previous research indicate that theorizing in the field of information science is not in a good position. The purpose of this study is to weigh the barriers to theorizing in this field. In fact, in this research we seek to know how many obstacles each of the barriers of theorizing has. Methods: The present research is in the category of applied research in terms of purpose and in the category of library and descriptive-survey research in terms of data collection method. Data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by information experts. Cronbach's alpha was used to evaluate the reliability. The reliability of the questionnaire was also reported .87% and was confirmed accordingly. The statistical population of this research formed the faculty members of the field of information science of Iran’s universities. In this study, the sampling unit was the university and the sampling method was sequential. In the first stage, each university was selected by random. In the next stage, among the faculty members of each university, the final sample was purposefully selected. Questionnaires were distributed among 60 faculty members in the field. Out of 60 distributed questionnaires, 37 questionnaires were returned. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. In order to answer the research questions, one-sample t-test was used. SPSS software was used to analyze the data. Results: The results of one-sample t-test showed that individual, educational, cultural and managerial barriers have a great extent, economic and social barriers have a large extent hinder in theorizing of information science. Among these barriers, educational barriers with an average of 4/18 have the most, and political barriers with an average of 3/66 have the lowest barrier. Conclusion: So far, the barriers of theorizing in information science field have not been analyzed with a quantitative approach, so the present study is original in terms of subject and method of analysis. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

141 - Ranking the Barriers of Theorizing the Knowledge and Information Science field from the Graduate Students of Tehran Public Universities
HamidReza Mahmoodi Nazila Mehrabi

The purpose of this study is to rank the barriers to theorizing in the field of information science and epistemology. In terms of the purpose of applied research, in terms of data collection method, the present study is a library research that has also used field techni More

The purpose of this study is to rank the barriers to theorizing in the field of information science and epistemology. In terms of the purpose of applied research, in terms of data collection method, the present study is a library research that has also used field techniques. This research is in the category of descriptive-survey research in terms of method. The data of this study were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire. Students of information science and science at the master's and doctoral levels of Tehran state universities have formed the statistical population of this research. In this study, sequential integrated sampling method was used. Questionnaires were distributed among 80 students in the field and 51 questionnaires were returned. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of this study show that the seven barriers identified in the theory of theory, respectively, individual barriers with an average rank of 6.84 in the first priority, cultural barriers with an average rank of 5.85 in the second priority, political barriers with Average ranking of 4.62 in the third priority, Managerial barriers with an average rank of 3.95 in the fourth priority, social barriers with an average rank of 2.73 in the fifth priority, educational barriers with an average rank of 2.23 in the sixth priority and economic barriers with an average rank of 78 / 1 are in the seventh priority. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

142 - Structural and behavioral barriers of participative management in public libraries of Mazandaran Province
hasan siamian Masoumeh Latifi Hossein Mehdizadeh

AbstractObjective: The present study was performed to determine the attitudes of Mazandaran Provincepublic librarians towards the structural and behavior barriers of participative management.Methodology: In this study, the data was collected by questionnaire. The societ More

AbstractObjective: The present study was performed to determine the attitudes of Mazandaran Provincepublic librarians towards the structural and behavior barriers of participative management.Methodology: In this study, the data was collected by questionnaire. The society was all of theMazandaran province public librarians. Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney U test wereused for of the hypothesis and Wallis and Friedman tests was used for answering the questions.Findings: The present study indicates that there is significant relationship between the attitudesof the public librarians towards the participative management, considering the sex, experiences,organizational position level of education and study field. Also Friedman test showed that lack ofofficial ranking in accordance with the mean level of 4.92 as the first priority and as a mainstructural barrier in executing the participative management in the public libraries, and use ofwrong procedures and wrong individual instructions with mean level of 4.82 as the first priorityand as one of the main behavior barrier in performing the participative management.Conclusion: The present study considers special attention to the public librarians and the resultsof the survey could help the managers, and library administrators and the librarians in successfulperforming of the participative management and releasing the barriers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

143 - Analyzing the barriers of the employees participation in leisure time programs with an emphasis on physical activity (Case study: Municipality of Tehran 8th District)
علی اصغر دورودیان معصومه شهبازی آرزو گودرزی

   ABTRACT The main purpose of this study was to determining barriers of participation of Tehran municipality district 8 employees in leisure time programs with emphasis on physical activity. The population of this study was 200 women employees of di More

   ABTRACT The main purpose of this study was to determining barriers of participation of Tehran municipality district 8 employees in leisure time programs with emphasis on physical activity. The population of this study was 200 women employees of district 8 Tehran municipality. The sample was 127 women that selected through random stratified sampling. In this study employees participation on sport activity barriers (Naderian Jahromi et al, 1388) was used. In order to data variance descriptive statics and for testing questions inferential statics was used. In order to normality test Kolmogrov Smirnov was used. The results indicate that in cultural social barriers, cooperates unsuitable attitudes, in economic barriers low income, in expertise human, few women coaches, family attitudes, family restrain of participation  on sport activity, in facility barriers lack of sport facilities in workplace and in media barriers weak notice of someone.Also Friedman test indicate that economic barriers was the first factor,expertise force was second factor,social cultural barriers was fifth factor and media advertisements was in the last grade.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

144 - Comparison of Experts and Rangers’ Opinions on Prioritizing Barriers in Participation of Rangers in Range Plans (Case Study: Tehran Province- Lar Moor)
Mojdeh khanmohamadi Ali Ariapour Mohammad Hossein Razzaghi

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Open Access Article

145 - Challenges and solutions for the participation and attraction of elites in the management levels of the country with emphasis on the statement of the second step of the revolution (based on meritocracy)
Mohsen Sanami Abbas Salehi Najafabadi Ghasem Torabi

The current research aimed to analyze the obstacles to the realization of meritocracy facing the attraction of elites in the country's management levels and the ways out of it, relying on the statement of the second step of the revolution. The main question was to inves More

The current research aimed to analyze the obstacles to the realization of meritocracy facing the attraction of elites in the country's management levels and the ways out of it, relying on the statement of the second step of the revolution. The main question was to investigate the obstacles to the realization of meritocracy and the solutions for its realization under the attraction of elites in the managerial levels of the country. The method was analytical-descriptive and relied on library resources. The findings showed that the first obstacle is the weakening of meritocracy by overemphasizing on work history, and the solution is youthism and trusting the elite. The next challenge is the non-compliance of the selection criteria with the operational needs of the organization, the solution is to use talented human resources and also eliminate discrimination in the distribution of public resources. Non-granting of rewards based on organizational status is the third challenge, the solution is the realization of justice and narrowing the field of discrimination. The lack of attention to ethics and its promotion is the fourth challenge, and returning to the spirit of ethics caused by the revolution and holy defense was considered as the main solution. The last challenge is the lack of effect of performance evaluation results on the job conditions of employees, the solution is to give effect to the results of performance evaluation, to pay attention to the spiritual competence of people along with the conditions of performance evaluation and to record actual performance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

146 - Meta-analysis of Research Leadership Components from the Perspective of Faculty Members of Islamic Azad University (Mixed Approach)
shabnam pajohesh fatemeh parasth gombvani mojgan abdollahi amirhossin Mohammaddavooudi,

10.30495/mlseo.2022.692215

Th coefficient of the extracted components from the perspective of faculty members of the Azad University. This research has been done in terms of applied purpose and in terms of mixed method (quantitative and qualitative). The statistical population in the qualitative More

Th coefficient of the extracted components from the perspective of faculty members of the Azad University. This research has been done in terms of applied purpose and in terms of mixed method (quantitative and qualitative). The statistical population in the qualitative section was the published articles on the subject under discussion, which initially searched and categorized 160 articles in this field. After reviewing, 50 domestic and foreign articles between the years of 1391 to 1399 (2012 to 2020) were studied using content collection tools. First the main dimensions were identified, then the components related to each dimension were categorized. The statistical population of the quantitative section is 35 faculty members of universities; whose criterion of expertise is the experience of guiding at least 10 university dissertations. A questionnaire with 69 questions was prepared and provided to experts through Delphi technique. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.78% and the content validity was confirmed under the supervision of the scientific committee. It was processed using Kendall coordination coefficient test and SPSS software. The results showed that the final coefficient of weighted average for the final coefficient of agreement of the research leadership was (W = 0.88). Also announcing the final opinion on the main dimensions of research leadership including, motivations of research leadership (W = 0.85), intellectual development of research leadership (W = 90), behavioral development of research leaders (W = 0.89), development of professional identity in research leadership (W = 0.91), effective styles in research leadership (W = 0.87), barriers to research leadership (W = 0.90), essential field of research leadership (W = 0.85), skill development Team building was research leadership (W = 0.91).e purpose of this study was to identify, analyze the components of research leadership and measure the agreement  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

147 - Investigating and Presenting Solutions for Optimal Utilization of New Technologies in Elementary School
yeganeh charband sara mehrabi pirpareh, saba

New technologies are very important in education system programs that can lead to a qualitative evolution of goals, programs, methods, practices and thus the effectiveness of education. The overall purpose of the present study is to investigate and present strategies fo More

New technologies are very important in education system programs that can lead to a qualitative evolution of goals, programs, methods, practices and thus the effectiveness of education. The overall purpose of the present study is to investigate and present strategies for the optimal utilization of new technologies in primary education. The research method is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of this study consists of all principals, elementary school teachers and sixth grade students in Salmas County. For this purpose, a sample of (70) principals, teachers and (300) students was selected by random sampling. Two separate questionnaires were used for data collection, one for principals and teachers and one for students. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by experts. The questionnaires tested the status of using modern educational technologies, the level of familiarity with the computer and the barriers to using modern educational technologies. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and factor analysis, Friedman test. The results showed that the level of enjoyment and utilization of modern educational technologies in principals was favorable but in students and teachers was moderate and low but they had high motivation and interest in using new technologies. The results also showed that the most important obstacle to using modern educational technologies from the viewpoint of teachers, principals and students is inadequate training in using assistive devices and internet and in the next ranks are economic, cultural and infrastructural barriers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

148 - Knowledge and Barriers to Insulin Therapy among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients from their Perspective
Helen Williams Srinivasan Ranganathan

10.22034/jchr.2024.1999998.1849

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Open Access Article

149 - Investigating the Barriers on Strategic Planning Implementation at Industrial Companies
mostafa shateri Abolfazl danaei

This study identified the barriers of strategic planning implementation in industrial companies in Semnan, Iran. The statistical population  consisted of managers of industrial companies active in the city of Semnan. Survey data have been collected through que More

This study identified the barriers of strategic planning implementation in industrial companies in Semnan, Iran. The statistical population  consisted of managers of industrial companies active in the city of Semnan. Survey data have been collected through questionnaire who have been selected using judgment method and Cronbach alpha is used to verify the overall qualification of survey.The results of data  indicate  that operational, structural &sbquo; human &sbquo; communication and strategic barriers affect the implementation of strategic plans in industrial companies. Moreover, human barriers have the most, and communication obstacles have the least impact on strategic planning implementation in above companies. Finally, based on the results, Conceptual model of the research was confirmed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

150 - Strategies to Outcome the Barriers and Challenges of Implementation of Successful Exercise in the Country with the Repertory Grid Approach
mozhgan piri hassan fahimdost hossein pedymanizad mohamadreza ismaeelzadeh

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the strategies to overcome the obstacles and challenges of implementing succession in sports with the Repertory Grid Approach. The present study was done by the mixed method. The purpose of the qualitative section was More

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the strategies to overcome the obstacles and challenges of implementing succession in sports with the Repertory Grid Approach. The present study was done by the mixed method. The purpose of the qualitative section was fundamental research which was done by the Repertory Grid Approach. The purpose of the quantitative section was applied which the data was collected by survey . The statistical population consisted of all sports management experts with a scientific background in organizational behavior issues. In the qualitative part, the sampling was purposefully (10 interviews), and in the quantitative part was a random sampling method (80 subjects). The research tool was a structured interview and a researcher-made questionnaire. We analyzed qualitative data by content analysis method, and MaxQDA software and quantitative data analysis were done by T-sample test and Friedman test and SPSS software. The results showed that all environmental, structural, and behavioral barriers, respectively, are obstacles to the implementation of succession in sports. Theoretically, the results can be used to complete the theoretical foundations of sports management. Practically, relevant managers can use the results to implement succession in sports organizations.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

151 - Designing an Interpretive Structural Model of Barriers to the Development of Beach Soccer in Iran
Somayeh Emadi hamidreza zaeri zohrab gohari mohammad maleki

Beach soccer is one of the emerging sports that has attracted the attention of most countries in the world. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the development of beach soccer in Iran. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to design an interpretive structural mode More

Beach soccer is one of the emerging sports that has attracted the attention of most countries in the world. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the development of beach soccer in Iran. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to design an interpretive structural model of barriers to the development of beach soccer in Iran. This research is applied in terms of purpose and data collection was done in the field and in a mixed qualitative and quantitative manner. The statistical population in the quantitative part, including the officials of the beach soccer committee of the federation and the football delegations, the managers of the clubs and the coaches of the national beach soccer teams, was equal to 50 in total and in the qualitative part, 18 experts. Due to the limitation of members, the statistical sample was equal to the community. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire containing 16 items which was designed based on a comprehensive study of sources and opinions of the qualitative research sample and using the Delphi method. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 10 university professors and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test (α = 0.88). Barriers were inserted in the form of structural self-interaction and a qualitative sample was provided as a questionnaire. ISM technique was used to level the obstacles and determine the priority of the action. Based on the findings, the obstacles were classified into seven levels. Obstacles to the lack of a development plan and the lack of attention of federation officials and football delegations to the development of beach soccer were at the basic level of the model. In general, it can be said that more attention of the officials of the Football Federation and the delegations on the design and implementation of the strategic plan will facilitate the removal of many intermediate and top obstacles of the model. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

152 - Obstacles affecting students' participation in sports activities, meta-composite and meta-analysis approach
fahimeh rivandi مهوش نوربخش مهدی کهندل پریوش نوربخش

There is a large amount of studies about students' participation in sports activities, the results of which are somewhat ambiguous and ambiguous, therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of meta-synthesis and meta-analysis of the barriers affecting stu More

There is a large amount of studies about students' participation in sports activities, the results of which are somewhat ambiguous and ambiguous, therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of meta-synthesis and meta-analysis of the barriers affecting students' participation in sports activities. The method of this research is a systematic review with the aim of combining quantitative and qualitative research. The statistical population of this research is the qualitative and quantitative studies that are available within the country between 1385 and 1400, which were examined based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria in the meta-combination of 12 studies and in the meta-analysis of 22 studies. In the meta-combination section, thematic synthesis method was used to analyze the results of primary research. The findings of the meta-composite section showed that there are three general environmental barriers in the explanation of barriers affecting students' participation in sports, namely public environment barriers, operational environment barriers, and internal environment barriers. Students participate in sports activities. In the meta-analysis, the results of the combined effect size for both the random effects model and the fixed effects model were equal to 0.35. The effective barriers of parents' attitude towards girls' sports are among the most important variables and in most cases the findings of past researches were confirmed and in some cases they were violated. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

153 - Comparison of social barriers to participation in sports activities of male and female secondary school students in district 2 of Karaj
Akbar Mahdavi Abas Nghizadeh Baghi مهرداد محرم زاده

Objective: Adolescence is one of the most important stages of human life, teenagers are a dynamic force of society and this active population cannot be ignored, knowing the personality traits of teenagers can help a lot in planning for their future. The aim of the resea More

Objective: Adolescence is one of the most important stages of human life, teenagers are a dynamic force of society and this active population cannot be ignored, knowing the personality traits of teenagers can help a lot in planning for their future. The aim of the research was to compare the social barriers to participation in sports activities of second high school girls and boys in District 2 of Karaj. Methods: The descriptive research method was a survey conducted in the field. The statistical population available in the current research were the second-grade female and male students of the 2nd education district of Karaj, according to the statistics and information center of that department, in the academic year 1402-1403, there were 7410 female students and 6674 male students. A cluster of 373 people was determined using Morgan's table, and after collecting the questionnaires and removing incomplete and outliers, the data of 334 questionnaires were analyzed. The tool for collecting the questionnaire of social barriers to participation in sports activities (Ahmadi, 2018) was used. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by expert professors of sports management and psychology, and the Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was reported as 0.88. The method of data analysis was using descriptive statistics (including mean, median, mean, etc.), and in the inferential statistics section, independent t-test was used, and Friedman's method was used to rank social barriers. Results: The findings of the research showed that there is no significant difference between the social barriers to participation in sports activities of male and female students in district 2 of Karaj. Conclusions: Therefore, it can be concluded that the education and training of District 2 of Karaj can contribute to the participation of all male and female students by creating spaces and sports halls or by signing contracts with sports venues and allocating suitable times and encouraging students to do sports activities. It was in sports. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

154 - The identify and assessment of barriers to the implementation operational objectives of the fundamental transformation document of education from the view of point principals and teachers of the schools in Fars province
seyed ahmad madani somayeh kohpeymaronzi

In a constantly changing world, today every society needs to implement reforms in its educational system, and naturally societies that are more in need of acceleration and intensification of more transformations in various social, cultural and scientific fields and our More

In a constantly changing world, today every society needs to implement reforms in its educational system, and naturally societies that are more in need of acceleration and intensification of more transformations in various social, cultural and scientific fields and our current country and society are no exception. In this regard, fundamental transformation document on the of Iran's education system was formulated in 2011 year and communicated to all education organizations in the country, but many experts believe that this document has not yet been operational. Therefore, the purpose of this study was identify and assess the barriers to the realization of the operational objectives of the transformational document. The research type is applied in terms of its purpose and is descriptive-survey. The statistical population consisted of managers and teachers of Fars province in 2018-2019 academic year, that due to the extent of Fars Province, this research was carried out in Shiraz and Fasa cities, as the selected cities. The sample size was obtained using Cochran's formula of 242 people. Data were collected using field method and a researcher-made questionnaire in 40 items with 7 components (technical, structural, cultural, managerial, financial and equipment barriers, manpower and social preparedness) in terms of a 7-degree Likert spectrum. Questionnaire content & construction validity confirmed. Questionnaire reliability barriers to the realization operational objectives by using Cronbach Alpha Coefficient estimated equal to 0.90. Data’s analysis done in descriptive & inferential levels by using Spss & Lisrel software’s. The findings showed that the role of all barriers to achieving the operational goals of the transformational document was higher than the average. Also, Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between all dimensions and components, in other words, increasing each of these barriers cause to increases other obstacles. Also among operational goals of the transformational document, structural and managerial barriers with 0.83 had the most load factor and cultural barrier with 0.51 having the least factor load and weight. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

155 - Identification of internationalization barriers in Golestan University of Medical Sciences and its impact on organizational adaptability
taraneh enayati mohamadjavad zanganeh reza yousefi saeedabadi

The purpose of this study was to identify the barriers to internationalization of Golestan University of Medical Sciences and its impact on organizational adaptability. The purpose of this study was applied and in terms of method, descriptive survey type. The statistica More

The purpose of this study was to identify the barriers to internationalization of Golestan University of Medical Sciences and its impact on organizational adaptability. The purpose of this study was applied and in terms of method, descriptive survey type. The statistical population of this study was 373 faculty members and directors of Golestan University of Medical Sciences who were selected by stratified random sampling method. According to Cochran formula, 190 individuals were selected as sample. To collect the data, a researcher-made questionnaire on internationalization barriers with 69 questions and a researcher-made organizational adaptation questionnaire with 40 questions was used. Validity and reliability of the tools were approved. Factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the barriers to internationalization have thirteen components of "cultural, teaching, content, human, equipment, structural, political, financial, technological, support services, international cooperation, internal barriers of organization and curriculum. " Is. Also, the obstacles to university internationalization have a negative and significant effect on organizational adaptability Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

156 - Analysis of curriculum existing elementary period in terms of economic education; challenges and barriers
Shahram FazlaliZadehSufi Jafar Gahramani Mohammad Bagher Alizadeh Aghdam

The main purpose of this research is to analyze the existing curriculum from the perspective economic education, challenges and obstacles, and research is a qualitative type. The statistical population includes curriculum specialists, economics and elementary school tea More

The main purpose of this research is to analyze the existing curriculum from the perspective economic education, challenges and obstacles, and research is a qualitative type. The statistical population includes curriculum specialists, economics and elementary school teachers in the field economic education and curriculum that the targeting method was focused on. Twenty people were interviewed for theoretical saturation stage, including 8 teachers and 12 curriculum and economics specialist. The data was analyzed through semi-structured interviews during three stages open, axial and selective coding, which are referred to in the form of three tables in the text the paper. Based on the findings, the sub-themes of economic education (culture and Attitude, productivity, meritocracy, etc.) and general concepts (increasing the level production with people's efforts, increasing incomes, cost management, people's will and attitudes, economic growth and increasing the productivity of society) are high frequency in terms program specialists Planning, economics and teachers. In general, social development was a special priority from the perspective specialists. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

157 - EFL Learners’ Self-made Psychological Barriers in Speaking Acquisition
Shiva Ghorbani Shahram Afraz Farhad Fahandej Saadi

Hindering factors in the language classes are of various types ranging from teaching context, teacher-provoking factors, error correction procedures, tests impact, and finally the factors that are imposed by the learners themselves (Horwitz, 2001). The goal of this pape More

Hindering factors in the language classes are of various types ranging from teaching context, teacher-provoking factors, error correction procedures, tests impact, and finally the factors that are imposed by the learners themselves (Horwitz, 2001). The goal of this paper was to explore the factors that are suggested into the learning situation by the learners themselves in the teaching-learning context called self-made hindering factors. To his goal, 52 EFL learners establish the participants of the study. The learners belonged to the pre-intermediate level with the age range of 16 to 24. Two instruments were used to collect the data. The first was using a questionnaire to discover the self-made inhibiting factors that the learners were normally exposed to in the speaking class. It was a pre-designed questionnaire consisted of 30 statements that was used before by Yaseen (2018) in a study with EFL learners in Jordan. The other instrument was using PET standard speaking test that would tap the speaking level of the participants of the study. Teachers’ role was introduced as the main factor of inhibition provocation and the second self-made source was the affective factor such as the level of motivation and the anxiety of the learners and the last category was the context and instructional environment. Moreover, a relationship could be explored between apprehension and the three levels. The results were significant and revealed some differences between the three levels and their inhibition sources. Manuscript profile

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