Antibiotic

Open Access Article

1 - Antibiotic resistance in patients with diabetic foot ulcers
Shima Shantiaee

Diabetes mellitus is a growing problem in today's modern societies. It is difficult to estimate the total number of people suffering from the disease. Approximately 20% of diabetic patients develop wound infections during their life Which in the absence of effective tre More

Diabetes mellitus is a growing problem in today's modern societies. It is difficult to estimate the total number of people suffering from the disease. Approximately 20% of diabetic patients develop wound infections during their life Which in the absence of effective treatment can disrupt the quality of life of these people. On the other hand, treatment of this complication is very costly. DFIs diabetic foot infections are one of the most important public health issues and the identification of microorganisms that cause microbial infections An antibiotic is good for finding an appropriate treatment. Meanwhile, many reports have shown that antibiotic resistance is rising dramatically. Therefore, early diagnosis of lesions and the rapid onset of antimicrobial treatment are essential for controlling infection and preventing complications and improving the quality of life. An antibiotic susceptibility test is needed to manage infection, which can help in choosing the best treatment options. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Determination of phenotypic and genotypic pattern of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates isolated from diabetic patients in Shahrekord
fatemeh Khodaverdipour Amin Roozbehi

Introduction: Preventing the spread of drug resistance is one of the most important issues in society. Escherichia coli is one of the most common bacterial agents isolated from the urinary tract and nosocomial infections. Treatment of infections due to it is difficult d More

Introduction: Preventing the spread of drug resistance is one of the most important issues in society. Escherichia coli is one of the most common bacterial agents isolated from the urinary tract and nosocomial infections. Treatment of infections due to it is difficult due to the acquisition of resistance genes. This study aimed to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic pattern of antibiotic resistance in clinical uropathogenic strains isolated from diabetic patients. Materials and methods: A total of 51 E. coli isolates from urinary tract infection in diabetic patients obtained from clinical, were used in this study. Isolates were confirmed by chemical tests and molecular techniques based on tracking of the 16srRNA gene. Antimicrobial resistance assessment of isolates was done using molecular methods base on (qnrA, tet A, tet B, aac (3)IIa, sul1) and disk diffusion. Results: Most resistance r to ampicillin (66.66%) and the lowest resistance to Nitrofurantoin (1.96%) were reported. The frequency of tet A, tet B, qnr A, sul 1 and aac (3) IIa genes reported 68.62%, 64.7%, 29.41%, 39.21%, and 29.41% respectively. The statistical analysis shows a significant relationship between resistance to the antibiotic tetracycline and the gene tet A, tet B statistically. Conclusion: Early detection of resistant strains to select the most appropriate treatment options is essential to prevent the spread of resistance. It is suggested, as treatment for urinary tract infections is important, so to prevent drug resistance and treatment failure, it should be done according to the resistance pattern in the region. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Investigating the prevalence of resistance genes in Listeria monocytogenes isolated from food samples
Mohammad Reza Saebi Fahimeh nourbakhsh Hossein Khodabandeh shahraki

Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a type of pathogenic bacteria that causes listeriosis infection. This facultative anaerobic bacterium is able to survive in the presence and absence of oxygen and is the cause of a wide range of diseases in humans and animals More

Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a type of pathogenic bacteria that causes listeriosis infection. This facultative anaerobic bacterium is able to survive in the presence and absence of oxygen and is the cause of a wide range of diseases in humans and animals. Consumption of contaminated dairy products, meat and vegetables is the most important source of contamination. There are limited studies of the antibiotic resistance of Listeria monocytogenes species. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the frequency and level of resistance in the evaluated samples. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 150 different samples were randomly collected from different regions of Isfahan province. The samples included 60 samples of meat, 40 samples of dairy products (including milk, cheese, etc.) and 50 samples of vegetables (including leek, watercress, radish and basil). The serotyping of the isolated strains was done using the commercial O and H antisera of Listeria monocytogenes and according to the manufacturer's instructions, using slide agglutination method and antibiotic resistance evaluation. Standard PCR method was used to detect ermA, ermB, strA, tetS, tetA and ermC genes in the strains. Based on the serological reaction, somatic antigens O and flagella H of Listeria monocytogenes with the corresponding antisera, most Listeria species (70%) belong to serotype 1.2a and the rest from serotype 1.2b (19%) and 4b (11 %) They were. The results of the microbial investigation showed that the highest drug resistance was related to streptomycin (89%) and the lowest drug resistance in the evaluated isolates was related to ampicillin (14%) and chloramphenicol (13%). The most evaluated genes were related to strA gene and ermA gene, with frequencies of 79.8% and 65.4%, respectively. The prevalence of other Listeria monocytogenes genes evaluated in this study included tetA (17%), tetS (2.5%), ermB (10.7%) and ermC (2.1%). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Antibiotic resistance pattern and prevalence of class 1, 2 and 3 integron genes in Escherichia coli strains isolated from urinary tract infections in Shahrekord
Marziyeh Soleymanian نازیلا ارباب سلیمانی sanaz khaksar haghani

Integrons are mobile genetic elements capable of carrying resistance genes to various antibiotics. These elements have been found in different places of plasmid and chromosome. The aim of this present study was determine the prevalence of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons in E More

Integrons are mobile genetic elements capable of carrying resistance genes to various antibiotics. These elements have been found in different places of plasmid and chromosome. The aim of this present study was determine the prevalence of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons in Escherichia coli isolates isolated from urinary tract infection in Shahrekord. In this research, the number of 64 isolates of Escherichia coli were investigated. The antibiotic resistance of the investigated isolates was evaluated using a simple disking method in Mueller Hinton agar medium. In order to determine the frequency of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons, specific primer pairs were used. After the antibiogram test, the highest resistance to ampicillin (75%) and the lowest resistance to imipenem (12.5%) were observed. The frequency of class 1, 2 and 3 integron genes was observed as 12.5%, 6.25% and 3.12%, respectively. None of the integron genes were observed in 52 isolates. In the statistical analysis with chi-square test, a statistically significant relationship was observed between class 1 integron and resistance to the antibiotic ampicillin (p = 0.02 < 0.05). Due to the fact that resistance genes are located on integrons and can be transferred from one strain to another strain and spread resistance in the hospital or other environments, this has doubled the importance of identifying this type of antibiotic resistance genes. Key words: Escherichia coli, integron, antibiotic resistance, urinary infection Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Determine the antibiotic resistance patterns and tsst-1 gene frequency in staphylococcus auresu strains isolated from patients of Imam Khomeini hospital in Ahvaz
ziba shanaki baversad مریم ریسی Marziyeh Soleymanian

isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from different samples to determine antibiotic resistance and Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of hospital acquired infections and community. Toxic shock syndrome toxin -1 gene secreted by the bacteria from the categories are impo More

isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from different samples to determine antibiotic resistance and Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of hospital acquired infections and community. Toxic shock syndrome toxin -1 gene secreted by the bacteria from the categories are important virulence factors and is component super antigens toxins pyrogenic (PTSAgs). The purpose of this study is determine the antibiotic resistance patterns and tsst-1 gene frequency in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from patients of Imam Khomeini hospital in Ahvaz. In this study, 133 clinical frequency tsst-1 gene were studied. After genomic DNA extraction using DNA extraction kit was performed the definitive diagnosis of bacteria, Then the gene tsst-1 frequency done in the presence of specific primers and antibiotic resistance was determined by agar disk diffusion method. After PCR amplification and detection of the bacterium, Of 133 isolates sequence tsst-1 gene was observed in 6 strains. In antibiogram test the greatest resistance to cefazolin (3/83%) and the lowest resistance to nitrofurantoin and vancomycin (0%) was observed. Due to the increasing prevalence of resistance to antibiotics of clinical importance tsst-1 gene timely identification and implementation of appropriate therapeutic strategies for controlling infection seems necessary. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Study of Listeria monocytogenes strains’ prevalence in some local fish market of Shahr-e Kord, Iran
Esmail Pirali Kheirabadi Seyed Pezhman Hosseini Shekarabi

Contamination of seafood products to pathoges like Listeria is a for consumers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the field prevalence and typing of Listeria monocytogenes in the local fish market of Shahr-e Kord, Iran. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated List More

Contamination of seafood products to pathoges like Listeria is a for consumers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the field prevalence and typing of Listeria monocytogenes in the local fish market of Shahr-e Kord, Iran. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated Listeria was also carried out by the antibiotic disc diffusion method using 13 different antibiotics. A total of 100 rainbow trout were randomly collected from retail market in Shahr-e Kord for examination of the prevalence and typing of Listeria species using biochemical methods. Four isolates of Listeria were identified; One isolate of L. inovaii and 3 islolates of L. monocytogenes. All four isolates showed the highest antibiotic sensitivity (100 % susceptibility) to five antibiotics including cotrimoxazole, tetracycline, gentamicin, erythromosine, and vancomycin. However, all strains showed resistance to oxacillin. As L. monocytogenesis is of the most important pathogens in humans, fish contamination to different species of Listeria could be a potential risk and requires more attention. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Antibacterial activity evaluation of Ephedra Major Host acetonic, aqueous and alcoholic extracts against standard strains of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and S. pyogenes
P. Torabzadeh Khorasani پورداد Panahi, آذر Sabokbar علیرضا Mokhtari

According to WHO reports increase of antibacterial resistance is a growing problem in manycountries. Many efforts have been made to discover new antimicrobial compounds from variouskinds of sources such as micro-organisms, animals, and plants. One of such resources is f More

According to WHO reports increase of antibacterial resistance is a growing problem in manycountries. Many efforts have been made to discover new antimicrobial compounds from variouskinds of sources such as micro-organisms, animals, and plants. One of such resources is folkmedicines. Systematic screening of them may result in the discovery of novel effectivecompounds. This study was undertaken to evaluate the growth inhibitory activity of Ephedramajor Host, an important medicinal plant with various biological activities, against pathogenicBacteria involved in common infection.Plant collection was made from district west Tehran,Iran. Extracts were obtained from arial part of plant using ethanol, acetone, methanol and water.Extract was evaporated under vacuum at 60° C. Antibacterial activities of extracts weredetermined by In Vitro bioassays using agar diffusion-method, MIC and MBC against standardstrains of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853),Streptococcus pyogenes (PTCC 1447) and E. coli (ATCC 8739). E. coli exhibit sensitive only toacetone extract, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistance to water extract. Staphylococcusaureus and Streptococcus pyogenes were sensitive to all tested extracts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in Salmonella enteritidis isolated from animal and human and determining their antibiotic resistance patterns
کیومرث امینی .

Salmonella is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Infections in humans that are caused by these bacteria, are manifested asgastroenteritis, enteric fever (typhoid or para-typhoid) and septicemia. Class I integrons are the most common integrons found in the differ More

Salmonella is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Infections in humans that are caused by these bacteria, are manifested asgastroenteritis, enteric fever (typhoid or para-typhoid) and septicemia. Class I integrons are the most common integrons found in the different serotypes of Salmonella enterica, that has caused multiple antibiotic resistance and problems in the treatment of infections resulted from these bacteria, in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of class I integrons in Salmonella enteritidis strains isolated from human and animal, and their antibiotic sensitivity or resistance. In this study, human)11 samples) and  animal (13 samples) Salmonella enteritidis samples were received from the microbial collection of Islamic Azad University- Science and Research branch- faculty veterinary medicine . Then multiplex PCR experiments were performed to determine the frequency of class I integrons. Finally, agar disk diffusion method was used to determine antibiotic resistance pattern. The results showed that none of the 11 human Salmonella enteritidis strains had the class I integrons and 2 strains (15.3%) out of 13 animal Salmonella enteritidis had the class I integrons. As well 36.3% of human Salmonella enteritidis strains and 30.8% of animal Salmonella enteritidis strains showed multiple antibiotic resistance. Conclusion: In multiple-resistant strains that lacked class I integrons, resistance genes can be located on plasmids, transposons or other integron classes Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Investigation of antibiotic resistance patterns in Escherichia coli isolated from broiler chickens with colibacillosis to ten antibacterial agents commonly used in the Iranian poultry industry
Azizpour, A., Saeidi Namin, V. .

Colibacillosis is one of the most important of bacterial diseases in poultry industry with huge economic losses that is caused by Escherichia coli. Various antimicrobial agents were used in order to reduce the losses associated with colibacillosis infection. But in rece More

Colibacillosis is one of the most important of bacterial diseases in poultry industry with huge economic losses that is caused by Escherichia coli. Various antimicrobial agents were used in order to reduce the losses associated with colibacillosis infection. But in recent years, enormous use of antibiotics in poultry medicine has been increased antimicrobial resistance among bacterial strains that lead to reduce efficacy of drugs. The purpose of this study was to determine the Antibiotic resistance rate of 178 E. coli isolated from 40 broiler flocks with clinical signs of colibacillosis in Ardabil province, northwest of Iran. The Antibiotic resistance pattern of isolates to ten antibacterial agents commonly used in the Iranian poultry industry was determined by disc diffusion test. According to the results, resistance rates to tetracycline, erythromycin, trimethoprim - sulphadiazine (sultrim), enrofloxacin, neomycin, danofloxacin, colistin, ampicillin, florfenicol and lincospectine were 99.43%, 97.75%, 80.34%, 77.53%, 75.84%, 69.66%, 68.54%, 60.11%, 58.99% and 36.52%, respectively. There were 51 drug resistance patterns among 178 E. coli isolates to ten antibacterial agents commonly used in the poultry industry that 142 isolates (79.78%) belonged to more than one pattern, whereas 36 isolates (20.22%) each isolate belonged to one pattern only. The results of this study show the high frequency of resistance to antimicrobial agents commonly used in the Iranian poultry industry. So, National monitoring programs is strongly needed for antimicrobial resistance and rational use of antibiotics. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Determining the antibiotic resistance patterns of isolated Salmonella from broiler flocks to 28 antimicrobial agents used in Iran
Azizpour, A.* .

The purpose of this study was to determine the serogroups of isolated Salmonella spp from broiler flocks and their drug resistance patterns to 28 antimicrobial agents commonly used in medicine and veterinary of Iran. One-hundred and eighty-nine samples were collected fr More

The purpose of this study was to determine the serogroups of isolated Salmonella spp from broiler flocks and their drug resistance patterns to 28 antimicrobial agents commonly used in medicine and veterinary of Iran. One-hundred and eighty-nine samples were collected from liver, heart and intestine of slaughtered broiler flocks in Ardabil province for identification of salmonella. The antibiotic resistance rate of isolates was determined using Kirby-Bauer method. Out of 189 samples examined, Salmonella was isolated from 22 samples (11.6%). Out of 22 salmonella isolates, fourteen (63.7%), seven (31.8%) and one (4.5%) isolates belonged to serogroups D, C and B, respectively. Multiple resistance was observed among isolates. The highest resistance was to tetracycline (100%), chlortetracycline (91%), streptomycin (91%), doxycycline (86.5%), nalidixic acid (81.8%), neomycin (77.3%), kanamycin (68.3%), furazolidone (63.7%), lincospectin (59.1%), flumequine (54.6%), penicillin (45.5%) and sulfamethoxazole+ trimethoprim (40.9%). Ten resistance patterns to ten antimicrobial agents commonly used in Iranian poultry industry were found in 22 Salmonella isolates 81.82% of isolates were resistant to more than two antibacterials. The results of this study showed that the frequency of resistance to the antimicrobial agents among avian salmonella isolates is a major public health concern. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Prevalence of salmonella serotypes in livestock feedstuff and their antibiotic resistance to antibiotics widely used in the Iranian health centers
, A Azizpour سیامک Ghazaei,

Salmonellosis is an important zoonotic disease that the most of salmonella infection in humans result from the ingestion of contaminated food. In recent years, resistance of salmonella to commonly used antimicrobials is increasing and has emerged as More

Salmonellosis is an important zoonotic disease that the most of salmonella infection in humans result from the ingestion of contaminated food. In recent years, resistance of salmonella to commonly used antimicrobials is increasing and has emerged as a global problem. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of salmonella serotypes in livestock feedstuff and their antibiotics resistance rate to antibacterial agents widely used in the Iranian health centers. To achieve this, fifty samples from livestock feedstuff were collected randomly from different parts of Ardabil city for identification of salmonella .The antibiotic resistance rate of isolates was determined using Kirby-Bauer method. Out of 50 samples examined, Salmonella was isolated from 4 samples (8%). The result of serotyping was Enteritidis (50%), Muenchen(25%) and Unknown (25%). Multiple resistance was observed among isolates. The highest resistance was to Tetracycline (100%), Sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (100%), Cotrimoxazole (100%), Amicycin (100%), Chloramphenicol (66.7%), Amoxicillin (66.7%), Doxycycline (33.4%), Florfenicol (33.4%) and Enrofloxacin (33.4%). All isolated were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin. The highest resistance rate was found against most prevalent drugs in poultry and animal industry, reinforcing this hypothesis that wide usage of drugs in the livestock feedstuff results in vast drug resistant bacteria. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Evaluation of Antibacterial Effects of Yarrow Hydroalcoholic Extract on Salmonella with Aminoglycoside Resistance Gene Isolated from Dogs with diarrhea
ابوالفضل Solyemani asl مریم Karimi-Dehkordi

Salmonella is one of the leading causes of foodborne illness and serious health concerns worldwide. The high Prevalence of Salmonella is one of the problems in the livestock industry. Due to the prevalence of resistance to antibiotics, in this study we evaluated the an More

Salmonella is one of the leading causes of foodborne illness and serious health concerns worldwide. The high Prevalence of Salmonella is one of the problems in the livestock industry. Due to the prevalence of resistance to antibiotics, in this study we evaluated the antibacterial effects of Yarrow hydroalcoholic extract on Salmonella with antibiotic resistance gene isolated from diarrhea dogs. For this purpose, fecal samples of 83 dogs with diarrhea were immediately cultured by swap in differential media. After confirmation of Salmonella isolates in both molecular and microbial methods, the presence of aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac (3) -IIa and aac (3) -Ia) was investigated. The antibacterial effect of yarrow extract and MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) was investigated. Finally, the results were analyzed in SPSS 20 software. The results of the present study showed that the prevalence of Salmonella bacteria in the fecal sample of diarrhea dogs was 8.5%.In the MIC study among the measured groups, the lowest inhibitory concentration in mg/ml for strains with aac (3) -Ia, aac (3) -IIa, aac (3) -Ia + aac (3) -IIa and isolates without resistance genes were 78.2±66.3, 46.9±22.1, 62.5 and 93.8±44.2, respectively. No significant differences were observed between these groups (p>0.05). Due to the fact that yarrow has different compounds that can have a strong effect on the inhibition of various microorganisms. Therefore, choosing the right treatment strategies such as the use of medicinal plants like yarrow can play an effective role in reducing the prevalence and epidemic of bacterial diseases. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - A survey of prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from eggs in Ardabil area, Iran
آیدین Azizpour,

10.30495/jcp.2022.21488

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main causes of foodborne diseases globally. Eggs can contaminated with S.aureus when they make contact with dirty surfaces, litter materials as well as clothing and hands of poultry workers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to More

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main causes of foodborne diseases globally. Eggs can contaminated with S.aureus when they make contact with dirty surfaces, litter materials as well as clothing and hands of poultry workers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of S. aureus strains isolated from eggs in Ardabil area located in the northwest of Iran. One hundred and fifty eggs were collected randomly from poultry farms (n=50) and retail outlets (n=50 native and n=50 bulk) in different parts of Ardabil. In terms of S. aureus contamination, eggs were examined using bacterial culture and biochemical tests. From 150 egg samples examined, 9 samples (9.3%) were infected with S. aureus. Out of these, the highest contamination rate of S. aureus was observed in native, industrial and bulk eggs 50%, 28.58% and 21.42%, respectively. There was the highest resistance to penicillin (78.57%), tetracycline (71.42%) and ampicillin (64.28%), while the lowest resistance was observed to chloramphenicol (21.42%), gentamicin (14.28%) and ciprofloxacin (7.14%). All the S. aureus isolates were susceptible to vancomycin (100%). The results of this study indicate the presence of S. aureus infection in eggs and the relatively high prevalence of S. aureus isolates  resistant to some antibiotics is a potential risk to human health. It is necessary to pay attention to hygienic points in storing and consuming eggs and monitoring the use of antibiotics. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Isolation and identification of dominant Salmonella species and their virulence factors in pets and their owners in Isfahan city
آتنابلالی Balali Dehkordi علی Sharifzadeh

10.30495/jcp.2022.21926

Salmonellosis is a common disease between humans and animals, and in some cases, animals carrying bacteria are a potential source of contamination for humans. The aim of this study was to assess the potential role of dogs and cats and their owners in epidemiology of sal More

Salmonellosis is a common disease between humans and animals, and in some cases, animals carrying bacteria are a potential source of contamination for humans. The aim of this study was to assess the potential role of dogs and cats and their owners in epidemiology of salmonellosis in in Isfahan city. For this purpose, Rectal swabs of 115 asymptomatic dogs and cats from Isfahan city (2021) were cultured and evaluated by PCR. Salmonella isolates were serotyped and virulence gene and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility applying standard methods. The results obtained in the present study indicated that Salmonella spp. were isolated from 8% of cats,16% of cat owners and 12% of dog owners samples. 2 salmonella serotypes were observed including S. typhymurium (80%), and S. enteritidis (20%). The results showed that there is no significant relationship between age, condition of the digestive system and the environment of storage with the amount of salmonella infection in dogs and cats. Also, no connection was observed between the contamination of animals and their owners. According to the results, all cases were infected with invA and flic strains. According to the antibiogram tests performed, they were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, nalidixic acid, semi-sensitive to tetracycline, gentamicin, cephalothin   and resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalexin. Isolation of Salmonella spp. from asymptomatic cats and dogs makes them dangerous source of Salmonella and a treat for human and animal health. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Comparison of the Antibiotic Resistance of Lactobacilli Isolated from Traditional Dairy Products with the Antibiotic Resistance of Lactobacilli Isolated from Industrially Produced Dairy Products
B. Moghimi M. Ghobadi Dana R. Shapouri

Introduction: Lactobacilli are a member of the Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) family that are used as starter culture in the production of industrial and traditional dairy products. Lactobacilli could potentially play an important role in the transition of antibiotic resist More

Introduction: Lactobacilli are a member of the Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) family that are used as starter culture in the production of industrial and traditional dairy products. Lactobacilli could potentially play an important role in the transition of antibiotic resistance to gastrointestinal bacteria or pathogenic bacteria.Materials and Methods: In this study, Lactobacilli were isolated from traditional yogurts, yogurt drinks and industrial yogurts and yogurt drinks and the antibiotic resistance to  13 antibiotic including: Penicillin, Ampicillin, Tetracycline, Erythromycin, Gentamicin, Streptomycin, Vancomycin, Nalidixic acid, Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole, Kanamycin, Rifampin, Ciprofloxacin, and Chloramphenicol have been investigated and the results were compared.Results: According to the results, vancomycin resistance was the most prevalent phenotype in traditional yogurt (45.8%) and yogurt drink (40%) and in industrial yogurt (59%) and yogurt drink (50%) respectively. Except in the case of Penicillin and rifampin there was no significant difference between the resistances of Lactobacilli isolated from industrial yogurt to other studied antibiotics in this study are compared to the resistance of Lactobacillus isolated from traditional yogurt. Ciprofloxacin resistance in Lactobacilli isolated from industrial yogurt drink is significantly higher than the resistance of Lactobacilli isolated from traditional yogurt drink and there was no significant difference between the resistances to the other studied antibiotics inLactobacillus isolated from industrial and traditional yogurt drink.Conclusion:Antibiotic resistance was observed in Lactobacilli isolates of traditional and industrial samples. It seems that there is a need to pay attention to the antibiotic resistance in starter cultures used in the food industries in order to prevent the spread of antibiotic resistance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Effect of Aerobic and Anaerobic Composting on the Removal of Antibiotics of Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin in Broiler Chicken Manure
mahsa mohammadzadeh forouzan Ghasemian Roudsari Akbar Hassani Abbasali Zamani

10.22034/jest.2020.35812.4264

Background and Objective: Many of the antibiotics used in poultry farms are excreted in their feces. This waste is used as organic fertilizer in agriculture and causes the release of animal antibiotics in the environment. These compounds may increase the antibiotic resi More

Background and Objective: Many of the antibiotics used in poultry farms are excreted in their feces. This waste is used as organic fertilizer in agriculture and causes the release of animal antibiotics in the environment. These compounds may increase the antibiotic resistance of microbial populations or damage plants grown in these soils. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of aerobic and anaerobic poultry manure composting on the amount of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics in poultry manure at two levels of high and low concentration and compare them with each other. Method: Two samples of fresh broiler chicken manure were prepared after the end of the chicken treatment with antibiotic enrofloxacin. The two samples contained two levels of high and low concentrations of Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin. The composting of chicken manure was done using a completely randomized design with 4 treatments of 1- aerobic treatments at a low concentration,              2- aerobic treatments at high concentration 3- anaerobic treatments at low concentration 4- anaerobic treatments at a high concentration in five replicates in 75 days. Samples were prepared at specific intervals and the concentration of Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin was measured by HPLC method. The obtained data were fitted with the first-order kinetic equation and the half-life of the antibiotic degradation was calculated. Findings: The results showed that at the end of the period, in treatments 1 to 4, 54.2%, 64.3%, 65.3% and 69.7% of the Enrofloxacin and 41%, 57.8%, 57.8% and 61.8% Ciprofloxacin remained. The correlation coefficient (R2) obtained from the fitting of the first-order kinetic equation in treatments (from 0.71 to 0.92) showed that the data fit well with this equation. The half-life of the Enrofloxacin degradation was obtained between 96.27 and about 150.68 days. The half-life of degradation for Ciprofloxacin was also found to be between 57.28 and 117.48 days. Discussion and Conclusion: Overall, the results showed that the process of composting reduced the concentration of antibiotics and prevented its entry into the environment. The rate and total amount of antibiotic degradation in aerobic conditions was higher than anaerobic. The rate of degradation of both antibiotics at a high initial concentration was lower than its rate of degradation at low concentrations. The rate of ciprofloxacin degradation was also higher than Enrofloxacin. The results of this study can help to create relevant laws and regulations in relevant institutions, in order to reduce the release of veterinary antibiotics into the environment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Evaluation of the Efficiency of Catalytic Ozonation Process with magnesium-aluminum double layer hydroxide nanocomposite doped on zeolite in mineralization of cefixime antibiotic in Aqueous Solution
yalda sheikh elham Tazikeh-Lemeski yousef Dadban Shahamat

10.30495/jest.2023.68268.5709

Background and Objective: One of the problems in the health systems of the world today is the prescription or overuse of drugs. Among these, antibiotics are of particular importance. Antibiotics are a group of drugs that are widely used in medicine and veterinary medici More

Background and Objective: One of the problems in the health systems of the world today is the prescription or overuse of drugs. Among these, antibiotics are of particular importance. Antibiotics are a group of drugs that are widely used in medicine and veterinary medicine. Cefixime (CFX) is also one of these antibiotics. The aim of this study was to investigate the removal efficiency of cefixime from synthetic sample using catalytic ozonation with Mg-Al layered double hydroxides Doped with zeolite. Material and Methodology: In this experimental and laboratory study MgAl-LDH/Zeolite nanocomposite was used in laboratory reactor and ozonation to remove cefixime. Effect of pH variables (5,6,7,8,9), amount of nanocomposite (0.5,1,1.5,2,2.5 g/L), initial concentration of cefixime (5,10,15,20,25 mg/L) and reaction time (5,18.75,32.5,46.25,60 min) were examined to find the maximum mineralization efficiency and response surface methodology based on central composite design (CCD) was used to design experiments, analyze data and achieve optimal conditions. Analysis of variance was also used to analyze the date. This research was done in 2021-2022. Findings: The maximum mineralization efficiency of cefixime under optimal conditions (pH=8.70, nanocomposite value=1.76 g/L, initial concentration of cefixime=24.06 mg/L, contact time=40.76 min) is 78%, which increases the target efficiency with increasing pH and contact time. Discussion and Conclusion: Catalytic ozonation process with Mg-Al layered double hydroxides nanocomposite Doped with zeolite can be used effectively and efficiency to remove cefixime in aqueous media.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Antibiotic Resistance in Isolated Negative Gram Bacteria From Intestinal Organ of Anzali Wetland Wild Common Carp
Shila Safaeian Zahra Moghaddam Hedayat Hosseiny Akbar Esmaili

Introduction: A research has been performed on antibiotics' resistance in negative gram bacteriaseparated of wild common carps intestinal organ.Material and Method: 126 negative Gram bacteria have been separated in total and resistancerate of bacteria in relation to 6 A More

Introduction: A research has been performed on antibiotics' resistance in negative gram bacteriaseparated of wild common carps intestinal organ.Material and Method: 126 negative Gram bacteria have been separated in total and resistancerate of bacteria in relation to 6 Antibiotics are measured: Ampicillin (10 microgram Am),Streptomycin (30 microgram S), Tetracycline (30 microgram T), Chloramphenicol (30 microgram C),Gentamycine (10 microgram GM), Amikacin (30 microgram AK).Results and Discussion: The results showed that negative Gram bacteria in comparison toantibiotic such as Ampicillin (93.5%), Streptomycin (51.15%), Tetracycline (46.5%) had higherresistance. So it showed that such bacteria’s resistance in comparison to Chloramphenicol (12.15%). isrelatively low and it showed loss of existence of resistance in negative Gram bacteria in comparison toGentamycine and Amikacin (0%).Surveying of the resistance rate of bacteria to some antibiotics show that 80% of separated bacteriafrom fish intestinal organ in comparison to consumption antibiotics are multi-resistance.Research shows that antibiotics consumption in animal is growing and more consumption ofantibiotics in environment could cause bioenvironmental problems such as resistance againstantibiotics. This research which was done for the first time in Anzali Wetland on Antibiotic resistancerate in negative Gram bacteria separated of wild common carp digestive system shows that negativegram system resistance against antibiotics in Anzali Wetland is high. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Klebsiella Pneumoniae from Patients in Qaem Teaching Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Ali Shamsazar Arshid Yousefi-Avarvand Farzad Khademi

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative, non-motile and capsular gram-negative bacillus. It is one of the most important human pathogens and is an important factor in causing nosocomial infections. The bacterium is inherently resistant to a number of antimicrobial agen More

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative, non-motile and capsular gram-negative bacillus. It is one of the most important human pathogens and is an important factor in causing nosocomial infections. The bacterium is inherently resistant to a number of antimicrobial agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from patients referred to Ghaem hospital in Mashhad. A total of 274 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were collected from April to October 2013 from Qaem teaching hospital of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Identification of these isolates was performed using microbiological methods such as hot staining and differential media. Modified disk diffusion method (MDDM) was used to determine the susceptibility of bacteria to the antibiotics amoxicillin, nalidixic acid, cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, ciprofloxazine, imipenem, and nitrofurantoin. In this study 175 isolates (87.63%) were from urine sample and 99 isolates (13.36%) were from different samples (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, ulcer, ascites, and secretions). Resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ciprofloxacin, imipenem, nitrofurantoin and gentamicin antibiotics were 71.46%, 9.56%, 3.39% and 30%, respectively. The results of this study indicate that resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to different antibiotics is higher than previous studies. Further studies in this area could help guide us to better understand the antibiotic resistance of these infectious bacteria. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Veterinary Antibiotics, Release in the Environment and its Impact on Soil, Plant and Human Health
Mahsa Mohammadzadeh Forouzan Ghasemian Roudsari Akbar Hassani Abbasali Zamani

Background and Objective: Veterinary Antibiotics are widely used in Iran and elsewhere in the world to deal with livestock and poultry diseases, due to increased demand for meat and dairy products in the community. Most of these antibiotics are excreted in the urine and More

Background and Objective: Veterinary Antibiotics are widely used in Iran and elsewhere in the world to deal with livestock and poultry diseases, due to increased demand for meat and dairy products in the community. Most of these antibiotics are excreted in the urine and feces of livestock and poultry and these excrements are used as manure by farmers in fields and gardens. This issue has raised concerns about the release of antibiotics in the environment. Increasing the concentration of these compounds in agricultural environments may lead to antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes, and ultimately affect the health of soil, plant, and humans. Method: In this article, a brief overview of the use of antibiotics in the world and Iran, ways to release it in the environment by livestock and poultry manure, its effect on the microbial community of the soil, the accumulation of antibiotics in the edible parts of plants and its impact on the health of human has been studied. Also, the effect of composting livestock and poultry manure before entering the fields and gardens as a suitable strategy to prevent the occurrence of these compounds into the soil has also been studied. Finally, existing research gaps and suggestions for a more accurate understanding of this issue in Iran has been declared. Findings: Most Veterinary antibiotics added to agricultural land are absorbed by plant roots. This leads to their bioaccumulation in plant tissues and toxicity to plants. The type of treatments performed before the introduction of livestock manure into the field determines the final concentration of antibiotics introduced into the environment. Discussion and Conclusions: There are significant research gaps in the release of antibiotics into the environment. In Iran, the concentration of various antibiotics in manure and poultry as well as their fate in soil, plants and humans should be investigated. Key words: Veterinary antibiotics (VAs), Agricultural soil, Manure fertilizer, Antibiotic resistance.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - The study of Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from urinary tract infection in Qom
زهرا حاجی غلامی اصفهانی Mohsen Zargar رضا یاری نفیسه رضایی

Background & Objectives: Escherichia coli (E.coli) has been documented to be the most important pathogen associated with symptomatic tract infections .by reason increasing use of antibiotic and antibacterial resistance among the strains of Escherichia coli, this stu More

Background & Objectives: Escherichia coli (E.coli) has been documented to be the most important pathogen associated with symptomatic tract infections .by reason increasing use of antibiotic and antibacterial resistance among the strains of Escherichia coli, this study was to determine the local prevalence of bacterial and strains antimicrobial resistance of E.coli isolated from patients with urinary tract infection by reason increasing use of antibiotic and antibacterial resistance.Materials & Methods: A total of 1420 samples, 150 urine samples were contaminated with E.coli. The Antimicrobial sensitivity test to 10 antibiotics was done via the disk diffusion antibiogram method and results were analysed.Results:The most of resistant to Ampicillin were 60%, Tetracyclin 58% and Nalidixic Acid 52% and the most amount for sensibility to Amikacin were 98%.Conclusion: Due to the increasing resistance among E. coli strains recommended Antibiogram tests was done on strains cause urinary tract infections Before intractably use of antibiotics. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - ESBL prevalence and molecular characterization of beta-lactamase gene blaTEM in urinary isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Qom
منصوره نرگسیان Mohsen Zargar Mahmoud Saffari

Klebsiella is opportunistic pathogen and one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections this pathogen cause a variety of diseases including urinary tract infections.Today, the prevalence of ESBL-producing pathogens (ESBLS) is important, so these infections are a More

Klebsiella is opportunistic pathogen and one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections this pathogen cause a variety of diseases including urinary tract infections.Today, the prevalence of ESBL-producing pathogens (ESBLS) is important, so these infections are associated with prevalence of diseases and increase healthcare costs associated. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of genes blaTEM isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from urinary tract infections in Qom.After identification of isolates using culture and biochemical methods, 140 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae was identified. The sensitivity of the isolates to different antibiotics was performed by disk diffusion method based on the standard (CLSI2013). The phenotypic confirmatory test ESBL strains have done followed by PCR method to detection of blaTEM gene. Out of 300 samples, 140 isolate identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae that 52 (%37.14) isolates were ESBL. The most antibiotic resistance was related to ceftazidime (%50.72). Out of 52 ESBL positive strains, 32 (61.53%) strains were shown to have blaTEM gene.Considering the high prevalence of ESBL-producing isolates in hospitals, early detection and follow-up to prevent the spread of resistant isolates it all the more essential. It must also change in the pattern of antibiotics, hospital infection control measures are highly recommended. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Gram-negative Bacilli Resistant to Several Antibiotics (MDR)
نشاط غلامی amir hossein MOMEN مسعود زندی

AbstractOne of the major problems in hospitals resistance of pathogenic bacteria , including bacteria that cause urinary tract infections(UTI), antimicrobial substances , the problem of increased costs of treatment , treatment failure and mortality rates are increasing. More

AbstractOne of the major problems in hospitals resistance of pathogenic bacteria , including bacteria that cause urinary tract infections(UTI), antimicrobial substances , the problem of increased costs of treatment , treatment failure and mortality rates are increasing.The purpose of this research is to identify multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli of urinary tract infections with antibiotics and the effect of silver nanoparticles on them.Planting 240 clinical samples from patients admitted to two hospitals ( Fatemiyeh , Besat) within 6 months of 1395 a total of 150 gram negative bacilli of urinary tract infections was isolated. To determine antibiotic resistance of these bacteria, disk diffusion method was used, and their susceptibility was evaluated according to the CLSI(clinical and laboratory Standards Institute) . Gram-negative bacilli isolated were prepared and inhibition zone diameter was measured.The most common bacteria Escherichia coli was isolated and lowest frequencies of the Proteus vulgaris. All of the samples to a solution of silver nanoparticles at concentrations 200 ppm 100 ppm and were sensitive. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (30 mm) and Enterobacter aerogenes (27 mm) maximum diameter in the presence of silver nanoparticles showed 800 ppm.Conclusion: The results show that silver nanoparticles can have an inhibitory effect on all tested Gram-negative bacilli , and the concentration of nanoparticles , the diameter of the growth of Gram-negative bacilli of urinary tract infections resistant to multiple antibiotics increases.Key words: Gram-negative bacilli, Silver nanoparticles, Urinary Tract Infection,Antibiotic Resistance, Hamedan Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Identification of causative agents of urinary tract infection and antimicrobial susceptibility in diabetic patients in Kermanshah
farshad yadolahi Elahe Tajbakhsh hassan Momtaz

Introduction: Diabetes is the most common and important diseases in the world, and diabetic patients are at high risk of infection. Due to the high prevalence of diabetes and risks of urinary tract infections, ccauses of urinary tract infection and the proper way to tre More

Introduction: Diabetes is the most common and important diseases in the world, and diabetic patients are at high risk of infection. Due to the high prevalence of diabetes and risks of urinary tract infections, ccauses of urinary tract infection and the proper way to treat it acutely felt Material and methods: In this study, 353 urine samples of diabetic patients cultured and by using biochemical tests were examined. After DNA extraction, PCR test for definitive diagnosis of bacteria and the antibiogram test was carried out. Results: Urinary tract infection in diabetic patients 28.3% was reported. Asymptomatic bacteriuria 22.1% and symptomatic bacteriuria 6.22% was reported. The most common bacteria that cause urinary tract infections in patients were respectively Escherichia coli, Klebciella pneumonia, Proteus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Acinetobacter, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Providencia. Conclusion: Given that bacterial population of urinary tract infections in diabetic patients, similar to non-diabetic patients, so antibiotic treatment in diabetic patients is alike with and non-diabetic patients. Keywords: bacteriuria, Diabetes, urinary tract infection, antibiotic resistance, PCR. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Determination of antibiotic resistance pattern in different serotypes of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from hospital infections in Zarinshahr
Zohreh Paknejad Hassan Momtaz Elahe Tajbakhsh

Background & Aim: Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most common gram-negative bacteria in the development of nosocomial infections, in particular urinary tract infections, which has been resistant to antibiotics in recent years. The aim of this study was to determ More

Background & Aim: Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most common gram-negative bacteria in the development of nosocomial infections, in particular urinary tract infections, which has been resistant to antibiotics in recent years. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of antibiotic resistance in the most common capsule types of this bacterium in Zarinshahr city of Isfahan. Material and Methods: 29 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from urinary tract infections in patients admitted to different parts of Zarinshahr Hospital in summer 2016 to summer 2017 were selected. After confirmation of phenotypic and genotype and determination of capsule types in them, antibiotic resistance pattern in isolates was determined using Kirby-bauer method, according to the CLSI standard, on the Muller Hinton Agar, 13 antibiotics were determined. Frequency of antibiotic resistance gene encoding genes including tetA, cmlA, Cat1, blaSHV, sul1, aac (3) -IV, aadA 1, qnr CITM, dfrA1, and tetB genes in isolates was determined by PCR method. Results & Conclusion: Serotype K2 with 74.51% frequency was the most commonly known capsule serotype known in isolates. All isolates had multiple antibiotic resistance and in addition to penicillin, their antibiotic resistance was the highest (10.93%) and tetracycline (44.30%) respectively. The tetA and sul1 genes with the frequency of 86.75% and 41.72% were the most common, and the two cat1 and cm1A genes with a frequency of 89.60% and 44.10% were the least common antibiotic resistance genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from urinary tract infections. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Study of drug resistance and TEM gene existence in clinical E.Coli isolates by PCR Method
samaneh ghafari vosta

Background and purpose: E.Coli, ESBL producers due to their resistance to different antibiotics, has created many health problems. Therefore, in this study, we investigate on TEM gene frequency in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli with a wide range lactamase produci More

Background and purpose: E.Coli, ESBL producers due to their resistance to different antibiotics, has created many health problems. Therefore, in this study, we investigate on TEM gene frequency in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli with a wide range lactamase producing (ESBL) in Razi Hospital of Ghaemshahr City. Materials and methods: 1200 urine samples from inpatients and outpatients Gaemshahr Razi Hospital were studied and the final confirmation E.Coli were done by using biochemical methods. Afterwards, susceptibilities to antibiotics of different classes were determined by disc diffusion method and presence of TEM gene was checked by using PCR method and verified by sequencing. Results: The results showed that 74 isolates are E. coli. In results of Antibiogram, it was found that the most resistance of this bacteria is again antibiotics nalidixic acid with 53 samples (6/71%) and the least resistance of bacteria is again antibiotics gentamicin with 11 samples (15%). In addition, among 74 isolates of E. coli, 30 strains (5/40%) of ESBL were positive (30 of 74) and from these 30 samples, 9 samples (30%) were TEM gene (9 of 30). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, although TEM gene had no significant frequency, ESBL frequency indicates that, for treatment, prescribing antibiotics should be performed by more careful to prevent increase in strains resistant to antibiotics. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Evaluation of antibacterial properties of linen fibers coated with Zinc Oxide nanocomposite on resistant bacterials caused by Urinary Tract Infections.
mahdiye sadat tayebi monir doudi nasrin talebian

Introduction: Urinary tract infection as one of the most common bacterial infections is known as a second cause of infection. However, sensitivity to a various health hygiene pads in children and Easy Life in elderly as well as poor sanitation can make people susceptibl More

Introduction: Urinary tract infection as one of the most common bacterial infections is known as a second cause of infection. However, sensitivity to a various health hygiene pads in children and Easy Life in elderly as well as poor sanitation can make people susceptible to infections of the urinary tract. For this reason, antibacterial textiles used in the preparation of health and medical textiles can deal with infections especially urinary tract infections effectively. Material and methods: First, the 550 clinical isolates were collected from several hospitals and laboratories in Shahreza city, among which, 100 bacterial isolates were positive and resistant to several antibiotics. Then the synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles were established by using sol-gel method and under ultrasonic irradiation on linen bandages. Antibacterial activity of nano-fibers bacteria samples, based on zinc oxide by disk diffusion method in agar were assessed. Results and Conclusion: According to the results of nanofibers of zinc oxide have more antibacterial properties against gram-positive bacteria, causing urinary tract infections compared with negatives ones. It is hoped that the fibers introduced in this study in the future after the tests (in-situ) will be able to provide clothes for patients and personnel, gloves and surgical masks, and most importantly suture yarns, bandages, wound dressing and sanitary napkins should be used. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Molecular Identification of the TEM and CTX Genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains Isolated From Clinical Samples of Hospitals in Iranshahr City
Mahnaz Thaghimosleh laleh khajehkarimaldini

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative pathogen and common cause of nosocomial infections. Increasing the emergence of multi-drug resistance in Klebsiella pneumonia has limited therapeutic options for this bacterium. The aim of this study was to molecular More

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative pathogen and common cause of nosocomial infections. Increasing the emergence of multi-drug resistance in Klebsiella pneumonia has limited therapeutic options for this bacterium. The aim of this study was to molecular identification of TEM and CTX genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples of hospitals in Iranshahr city. Materials and Methods: 50 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae within 6 months, were collected from patients admitted to the intensive care unit of hospitals in Iranshahr. The isolates were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae based on biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by disc diffusion method. To molecular identification of TEM and CTX genes, PCR was performed. Results: Based on the results of PCR, 43 (86%) of the samples had phenotypic ESBL enzymes, 20 (47%) had CTX gene, 8 (18%) had TEM gene, and 15 (34%) had Both the CTX and TEM genes. Conclusion: The results of this study showed a high prevalence (P <0.05) of multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and ESBL-resistant isolates in ICU patients, which emphasizes the appropriate policies for controlling infection. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Determination of bacterial contamination and evaluation of their antibiotic resistance in different parts of the Hazrat Masoumeh hospital in Qom City
maryam sadeghi Seyed Soheil Aghaii

Abstract:Currently, microbial contamination in different parts of hospitals with opportunistic pathogenic bacteria and their antibiotic resistance are the most important factors in the prevalence of nosocomial infections. The purpose of this study was to isolate and ide More

Abstract:Currently, microbial contamination in different parts of hospitals with opportunistic pathogenic bacteria and their antibiotic resistance are the most important factors in the prevalence of nosocomial infections. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify contaminating bacteria in medical and non-medical equipment in Hazrate Masoumeh hospital Qom city (May-August2017). Methods: Sampling was done from oncology, infectious, ICU and NICU sections using sterile swabs and transfer in BHI broth. Then collected samples were streaked on Nutrient agar and incubated at 37° C for 24 h .The isolates were identified with phenotypic and biochemical standard tests. Antibiotic resistance of isolates was performed using agar disk diffusion method due to CLSI standards. Result: Out of 84 samples, 77 samples had bacterial contamination and 127 strains were isolated. The prevalence of bacterial isolates were Bacillus subtilis (18.59%), Bacillus cereus (13.18%), Pseudomonas (11.63%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis(11.62%) and Corynebacterium sp. (10.55%), respectively. Among of isolated strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis, had more than antibiotic resistance. The most antibiotic resistance was obtained for penicillin. The most isolates were sensitive to Amikacin ، Gentamycin، Ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important opportunistic pathogens with multi drug resistant characteristic in nosocomial infections and hospital contamination. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - Identification and Pattern of Antibiotic Bacterial Sensitivity and Resistance in Patients in the Nekoi Hospital of Gom City in 1395
mohammad Dakhili Mansorah hodaei

Introduction: Burns are one of the most devastating types of injuries and wounds considered. Aware of the bacterial agents and antibiotic resistance an important role in the prevention and treatment of its accurate and timely. The aim of this study was to evaluate the p More

Introduction: Burns are one of the most devastating types of injuries and wounds considered. Aware of the bacterial agents and antibiotic resistance an important role in the prevention and treatment of its accurate and timely. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and susceptibility pattern of burn wound infections in patients admitted to hospital burn the goodness of Qom province. Methods: In a descriptive study, sampling of 100 patients admitted to hospital burn Nekuei of Qom over a period of 5 months old. Identification of microorganisms using biochemical tests were conducted according to existing standards.tyyn antibiotic-resistance patterns of isolates was performed using disk diffusion method. Results: In this study of 100 samples taken, 62% of men and 38 percent of women were reported. 70 per cent of the samples had positive culture Pseudomonas aeruginosa was reported as the most common infection with 31% abundance. Staphylococcus aureus (15.5%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (11.62%) and Enterococcus faecalis (7.75%) were reported in the following ranks. Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of infection in burn wounds needs new strategies in order to control the distribution of infectious agents as well as the treatment of this condition.in survey, the most effective antibiotic to treat infections after burn amikacin and gentamicin is known. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - Frequency of qnrA and sul1 genes in Escherichia coli isolated from pericarditis and perihepatitis lesions of broilers in Isfahan province
Mohammad Horri Majid Gholami-Ahangarn

Inroduction & Objective: Antibiotic resistance can complicate the treatment of infectious diseases of livestock and poultry. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of genes encoding resistance to quinolones and sulfonamides in Escherichia coli (E. coli More

Inroduction & Objective: Antibiotic resistance can complicate the treatment of infectious diseases of livestock and poultry. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of genes encoding resistance to quinolones and sulfonamides in Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from pericarditis and periphepatitis lesions in broilers to provide a suitable background for treatment with these drugs in these lesions.  Material and Methods: In this study, for detecting of resistance genes to fluoroquinolones and suvanamides, 50 bacterial strains were isolated from broiler chickens with pericarditis and periphepatitis and E. coli colonies were confirmed by microbial and biochemical tests. Then, the resistance of the strains to the commercial antibiotics (Enrofloxacin and sulfonamide + trimethoprim) was evaluated by the conventional antibiogram method. In addition, the bacterial genome was extracted by boiling method and the qnrA and sul1 genes were amplified with specific primers to evaluate antibiotic resistance against fluoroquinolones and sulfonamides. Results: In this study, 54% of enrofloxacin-resistant strains possed qnrA gene and 48% of sulfonamide-resistant strains plus trimethoprim contained sul1 gene. In this study, resistant strains without studied resistance genes were also found, which indicates the importance of other resistance genes in the development of resistance against sulfonamides and fluoroquinolones. Conclusion: Evaluation of antibiotic resistance against enrofloxacin and sulfonamides is not possible with the help of one gene and to accurately determine antibiotic resistance, routine phenotypic tests are more effective than detecting a specific gene. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella in cream sweets in Isfahan city and antibiotic resistance of the isolates
Ebrahim Rahimi Najmeh Vahed dehkordi mohammad amin heidarzadi

10.30495/qafj.2023.1976591.1050

Escherichia coli and Salmonella are gram-negative bacteria and are indicators of faecal contamination in food, and the presence of each of them in processed foods indicates lack of hygiene, and Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-negative bacteria. It is positive that it ha More

Escherichia coli and Salmonella are gram-negative bacteria and are indicators of faecal contamination in food, and the presence of each of them in processed foods indicates lack of hygiene, and Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-negative bacteria. It is positive that it has the highest level of poisoning. The aim of the present study is to investigate the contamination with Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella in cream sweets sold in Isfahan city and the antibiotic resistance of the obtained isolates. In this study, 120 cream sweets from the supply centers of this product in different parts of Isfahan city were randomly sampled and transferred to the specialized food hygiene laboratory of Shahrekord Azad University, next to the ice flask, in order to avoid secondary contamination. The standard method was used to search for microorganisms. The collected data was used in SPSS version 26 statistical software and chi-square test was used for data analysis. The results showed that Escherichia coli and Salmonella contamination was negative in all samples, but Staphylococcus aureus was confirmed in 4 cases of cream sweets. The samples were the most sensitive to tetracycline, streptomycin and amikacin and the most resistant to penicillin and ampicillin. In this survey, it was determined that a high percentage of the cream sweets offered in Isfahan city are in compliance with the existing standards in the society in terms of contamination and health quality to some extent, but in order to improve the health of the society, Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - Investigating the Antimicrobial Activity of Peperin Isolated from Black Pepper on Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from the Throat and Nose
Saeide Saeidi Mehdi Jahantigh Razvane Behzad Mehr Zahra Beigomi

10.30495/qafj.2022.694996

Due to the increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to common antibiotics, researchers are looking for antimicrobial agents of plant origin as alternative drugs. The aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial activity of peperin isolated from black pepper More

Due to the increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to common antibiotics, researchers are looking for antimicrobial agents of plant origin as alternative drugs. The aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial activity of peperin isolated from black pepper on Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the nose and throat. Sampling was done from the pharynx and nose of the patients and 9 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated and purified. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum lethal concentration (MBC) in six concentrations were evaluated by dilution method in liquid medium on the determined bacteria. The results of this study showed that the lowest inhibitory concentration was equal to 8 μg/ml, which inhibited one strain, while the highest concentration was 512 μg/mg, which inhibited one strain. Staphylococcus aureus isolated the most It was resistant to trimethoprim (88.8%), ampicillin (77.7%), tetracycline (77.7%), erythromycin (66.6%) and ceftazidime (22.2%). The results of this study showed that piperine present in black pepper has a very strong inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria isolated from the nose and throat. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - Investigating the treatment of wastewater containing antibiotics by nanophotocatalytic method
Alieh Mohammadi Shaghayegh Laleh Mohammadreza Doosti

Today, along with the progress of the industry, water pollution is also increasing. Pollutants enter the underground sources and surface waters from various routes and become a potential threat to human health and other organisms in the life cycle. Although various meth More

Today, along with the progress of the industry, water pollution is also increasing. Pollutants enter the underground sources and surface waters from various routes and become a potential threat to human health and other organisms in the life cycle. Although various methods have been used to purify water and wastewater, most of these methods are not effective enough to remove many persistent organic pollutants, such as dyes, drugs, solvents, pesticides, etc. Antibiotics are among persistent organic pollutants that are rarely completely metabolized in the body after consumption, and 30 to 90% of them remain as active pollutants in the environment after elimination. Therefore, the use of new methods such as photocatalytic processes for antibiotics treatment have attracted the attention of researchers. The use of heterogeneous semiconductor nano photocatalysts as one of the advanced oxidation processes is considered due to their advantages including short-time procedure for synthesis of nano photocatalysts, nano photocatalyst ability to recycle and reuse, the formation of harmless products during the reaction, economic efficiency and compatibility with the environment. So, this approach can be an effective and efficient way to deal with environmental pollution caused by antibiotics. In this article, in addition to introducing the advanced oxidation method, recent studies on using of heterogeneous nano photocatalysts and most effective factors on photocatalytic reaction in water and wastewater treatment containing antibiotics have been reviewed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

35 - Chemical and antimicrobial properties of a flavonoid extracted from the Cleome turkmena Bobrov
Manijeh Joukar Kambiz Larijani Mohammad Hossein Farjam Mohammad Hadi Givianrad Fereshteh Nematollahi

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Open Access Article

36 - ارزیابی ماندگاری آنتی‌بیوتیک‌های بیمارستانی تخلیه شده به رودخانه کارون در بازه اهواز (مطالعه موردی: دو بیمارستان امام خمینی و سینا)
بیتا باهری ابراهیم رجب زاده قطر می

با توجه به خطرات گسترش مقاومت آنتیبیوتیکها در محیط زیست، هدف از پژوهش حاضر محاسبه میزان ماندگاری آنتیبیوتیکهای ورودی دو بیمارستان امام خمینی و سینا به رودخانه کارون و تعیین خطرناکترین نوع آنتی بیوتیک در فواصل خروجی فاضلاب، 500، 1000، 1500، 2000 و 300 More

با توجه به خطرات گسترش مقاومت آنتیبیوتیکها در محیط زیست، هدف از پژوهش حاضر محاسبه میزان ماندگاری آنتیبیوتیکهای ورودی دو بیمارستان امام خمینی و سینا به رودخانه کارون و تعیین خطرناکترین نوع آنتی بیوتیک در فواصل خروجی فاضلاب، 500، 1000، 1500، 2000 و 3000 متری از خروجی بیمارستانها در تابستان و زمستان 1398 بود. نمونهبرداری در بطریهای تیره درب سمبادهای انجام شد و غلظت ۵ آنتی بیوتیک (پنیسیلینجی، سفتریاکسون، سفیکسیم، اریترومایسین و آموکسیسیلین) که از جدول فراوانی پر مصرفترین آنها از مقالات مختلف در بیمارستانها انتخاب شده بودند با استفاده از دستگاه HPLC سنجش شد. نتایج نشان داد غلظت کلی ۵ آنتیبیوتیک در مجموع در خروجی بیمارستان امام خمینی و سینا بین 27/80- 68/0 نانوگرم در لیتر در تابستان و 49/84-3/6 نانوگرم در لیتر زمستان بود. در تابستان و زمستان ایستگاه خروجی هر دو بیمارستان بالاترین غلظت آنتیبیوتیک را داشتند و با فاصله گرفتن از محل خروجی بیمارستان و در فاصله 2000 متری، 32/10-56/0 درصد آنتیبیوتیک همچنان در آب باقی مانده بود. آموکسی سیلین و پنیسیلین جی به ترتیب در محل تخلیه فاضلاب، 1000 و 2000 متری بیشترین و کمترین غلظت آنتیبیوتیک را در آب رودخانهی کارون داشتند. در هر دو بیمارستان، درصد بازماندگی آنتیبیوتیکها در دو فصل تابستان و زمستان به جز در مورد پنیسیلین جی، در سایر آنتیبیوتیکها اختلاف معنیداری نداشت (05/0<P ). در فاصلهی 2500 متری فقط بازماندگی آنتی بیوتیکهای سفیکسیم (زمستان هر دو بیمارستان)، سفتریاکسون (زمستان و تابستان هر دو بیمارستان) و پنی سیلین جی (تابستان در بیمارستان امام خمینی) صفر درصد بود که نشان دهندهی ماندگاری و خطر زیست محیطی و انسانی بالاتر این دو آنتیبیوتیک در مقایسه با سه آنتیبیوتیک دیگر است. مقایسه مقادیر آنتیبیوتیکهای رودخانهی کارون با استانداردهای PNEC و Lowest MIC، نشان داد که مقادیر تمامی انتیبیوتیکها از استانداردهای در نظر گرفته شده، بالاتر بود. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

37 - Identification of Lavasan Soil Streptomyces and Their Antagonistic Potential
Seyed Hesam Tavabe Ghavami Abul Qasem Ghasemi Samin Seddigh

Streptomyces are a group of wild-type bacteria and generally saprophytic, more than 400 species have been described and few species are pathogenic. These bacteria exist in many natural environments and antibiotic production is one of the most prominent properties. Few s More

Streptomyces are a group of wild-type bacteria and generally saprophytic, more than 400 species have been described and few species are pathogenic. These bacteria exist in many natural environments and antibiotic production is one of the most prominent properties. Few species have parasitic relation with animals and plants, including potato common scab disease. In this research, soil samples were gathered from fields and gardens of Lavasan region at depths of 10-30 cm. After drying and sieving, samples were diluted and cultured in casein-glycerin-agar (CGA). After a week, spored colonies with characteristics of Streptomyces were selected and transferred to the new media. The isolates were classified into three main groups based on phenytoin characteristics including color and form of spore, colony color and melanin production, consumption of hydrocarbons and antibiotic production in culture media. Some strains of each group were identified using 16sRNA sequencing and their phylogeny was investigated. In totally, 38 strains were isolated from 20 soil samples. The results showed that the strains belonged to S. kanamyceticus, S. violascens, S. akiyoshiensis and S. ambofaciens, with a similarity of more than 99%. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

38 - Biofilm Formation and Determination of Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates
Maasuomeh Mahdavi Ourtakand Sahar Honarmand Jahromi Zahra Resalati

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important pathogens in hospitals. One of the therapeutic problems of this bacterium is antibiotic resistance to common antibiotic treatments associated with biofilm production. This study was conducted to find out the relationsh More

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important pathogens in hospitals. One of the therapeutic problems of this bacterium is antibiotic resistance to common antibiotic treatments associated with biofilm production. This study was conducted to find out the relationship between antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation on P. aeruginosa isolated from 50 clinical specimens of patients referring to Milad Hospital in Tehran. Biochemical and differential tests were carried out to identify and isolate P. aeruginosa. The resistance of the strains was determined by antibiogram test and the ability of biofilm strain formation was investigated by microtiterplate method. The results showed that the highest resistance to antibiotics was ticarcillin (48%) and imipenem (36%) and 17 strains (34%) had multiple drug resistance. Also, the ability to form biofilms of strains showed that 52% of them had strong biofilms and among 17 strains of P. aeruginosa with multiple drug resistance, 12 strains had the ability to form a strong biofilm. According to the results, a significant percentage of MDR strains have the ability to produce strong biofilms. Regarding the role of biofilms in reducing the penetration of the drug into cell, biofilm-producing bacteria have a high drug resistance, which is a warning to the medical community. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

39 - Profile of erythromycin resistance genes ermA, B, C and msrA in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from Ahvaz hospitals
Zahra Noormohammadi Zahra Noormohammadi Shohre Zare Karizi sahar honarmand jahromi

Staphylococcus aureus is currently one of the main causes of nosocomial. The present study aimed to evaluate erythromycin resistant genes in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from clinical samples obtained from hospitals. In this study, 100 patients with positive S More

Staphylococcus aureus is currently one of the main causes of nosocomial. The present study aimed to evaluate erythromycin resistant genes in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from clinical samples obtained from hospitals. In this study, 100 patients with positive S. aureus in clinical samples were collected from hospitals in Ahvaz. Resistance to antibiotics erythromycin, tetracycline, penicillin and clindamycin using antibiogram disks on all samples of blood, urine, sputum and trachea was tested. The presence of four genes involved in antibiotic resistance, namely ermA, ermB, ermC and msrA were determined by PCR in genome and plasmid. Also 21 samples with positive ermC gene were sequenced for evaluation of genetic variation. Molecular analysis showed that 64 samples were resistant to erythromycin while 87.5%, 93.8%, 92.2% and 70.3% of samples were positive in ermA, ermB, ermC and msrA respectively and 25 samples were susceptible to erythromycin including % 88 ermA, 92 % ermB, 100% ermC and 48% msrA with P value of: 0.23, 0.66, 0.31 and 0.83 showed no significant differences between susceptible and resistance to erythromycin samples. The presence of erm genes in erythromycin susceptible samples may be due to mutations in promoters or coding regions of genes which may inhibit their functions. Also the results of sequencing of ermC gene proved presence of this gene on plasmids. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

40 - Evaluation of the prevalence of Salmonella infection and tetracycline resistance genes in poultry samples obtained from stores in Zahedan
Robabeh Eftekhari-Nejad Babak Kheirkhah

Salmonellosis is the most important form of bacterial infection in humans and animals caused by the non-typhoid salmonella family. Salmonella infection is the most common cause of foodborne infections. One of the most important sources of Salmonella contamination is pou More

Salmonellosis is the most important form of bacterial infection in humans and animals caused by the non-typhoid salmonella family. Salmonella infection is the most common cause of foodborne infections. One of the most important sources of Salmonella contamination is poultry and meat products. In the last two decades, the emergence of Salmonella resistant to common antibiotics has increased the problems of Salmonella contamination in meat products. Transmission of these resistant bacteria to humans makes the treatment process difficult and lengthy. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Salmonella bacteria and tetA and tetB resistance genes from poultry stores in Zahedan. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, Salmonella isolates were isolated from 130 poultry stores in Zahedan based on standard methods published by OIE and FDA. The results of this study show that only 6.15% of the samples were Salmonella and 3.07% were Salmonella typhimurium strains. Examination of the frequency of resistance genes in isolated samples in the present study shows that in 50% of Salmonella isolates, none of the tetA or tetB resistance genes was detected, while in the other 50%, only the tetB resistance gene was identified. The presence of tetracycline resistance genes in Salmonella isolates suggests that the use of antibiotics in the poultry industry should be controlled and more carefully used to reduce the frequency of these genes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

41 - Isolation and identification of gram-negative bacteria from patients with urinary tract infections referred to Savadkooh laboratory and determination of their drug resistance pattern from the beginning of October 1400 to the end of December 1400
seyedmohammadmahdi mousavi mojtaba fallah neda Jafari Jushqhan

Today, microorganisms have become resistant to drugs by causing genetic mutations. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance of gram-negative bacteria isolated from urine culture in the laboratory of Savadkuh city. The cross-sectional descriptive More

Today, microorganisms have become resistant to drugs by causing genetic mutations. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance of gram-negative bacteria isolated from urine culture in the laboratory of Savadkuh city. The cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on gram-negative bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections in Savadkuh laboratory. Bacterial isolates were identified by microscopic examination, morphology and biochemical tests. Fifty samples of gram-negative bacteria causing urinary tract infections were isolated from 5 cases (10%) of men and 45 cases (90%) of women. According to the study, the two most common gram-negative bacteria in urinary tract infections are based on the percentage of infectivity in this study, which include: E.Coli (62%), and Klebsiella (30%) and other gram-negative (8%), They were isolated from urine samples. According to the antibiogram test, the most cases of resistance were related to the antibiotics ampicillin, nalidixic acid and cefazolin, respectively. On the other hand, the most sensitive drugs are nitrofurantoin, sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim and ciprofloxacin, respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

42 - Efflux Systems in plant-associated Bacteria and their Role in Multiple Drug Resistance
Sina Nourizadeh Reza Khakvar

Plant Associated Bacteria are one of the most important elements of plant ecosystems. These bacteria live internally (endophytes) or externally (epiphytes) in different plants organs and have various effects on the life cycle of plants. These bacteria are constantly exp More

Plant Associated Bacteria are one of the most important elements of plant ecosystems. These bacteria live internally (endophytes) or externally (epiphytes) in different plants organs and have various effects on the life cycle of plants. These bacteria are constantly exposed to different antibacterial compounds which are secreted from plants and other epiphytic microorganisms in their natural habitat. Plant-associated bacteria deal with these toxic compounds in a variety of ways, one of which is the use of efflux systems. An active efflux mechanism is responsible for the transportation of antibacterial compounds out of the cell. This process is associated with energy consumption which is provided from ATP hydrolysis or electrochemical gradient. These pumps are protein vectors that express from chromosome or plasmid and not only have critical rule in drug resistance, also have other physiological proceeds. The rule of efflux systems in plant-associated bacteria and their relation with transcription regulatory are discuss in this article. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

43 - Development of liposomal formulations carrying antibiotics
rabea khoshnevis zadeh

Since the advent of antibiotics, selective pressure on microorganisms has caused the formation of resistant types. Different generations of antibiotics have been designed and used to fight pathogens, but at the same time, more resistant types of pathogens have been spre More

Since the advent of antibiotics, selective pressure on microorganisms has caused the formation of resistant types. Different generations of antibiotics have been designed and used to fight pathogens, but at the same time, more resistant types of pathogens have been spread, so it is necessary to use new strategies to deal with infectious agents. The development of nanoscience in the field of medicine was a suitable solution for this purpose, and pharmaceutical nanocarriers were developed. Liposomes are nanocarriers with a lipid body whose features such as biocompatibility, bioavailability, targeted transfer, amphiphilic properties, integration with membranes, slow and controlled drug release have attracted the attention of researchers. In this review article, an attempt has been made to provide information about the benefits of this drug system by studying scientific documents in the field of antibiotic-carrying liposomes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

44 - Antibiotics in the environment: An overview of the sources, distribution, occurrence, effects, fate and risk assessment of antibiotics in the environment
Ahmad Asl hashemi

Antibiotics are one of the largest groups of medicinal compounds that are used in medicine and veterinary medicine. These compounds, despite having positive effects in preventing and treating diseases in humans and animals, also have adverse effects on the environment. More

Antibiotics are one of the largest groups of medicinal compounds that are used in medicine and veterinary medicine. These compounds, despite having positive effects in preventing and treating diseases in humans and animals, also have adverse effects on the environment. Recently, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics and the subsequent entry of these compounds into the environment have led to an increase in concerns at the global level. These compounds are not traditionally considered environmental pollutants, however, there are concerns about the emergence of these compounds in aquatic systems, due to their biological effects and potential risks to the environment and health. It is human. Conventional water and wastewater treatment processes are not designed to remove small amounts of chemicals such as antibiotics. Therefore, the entry of these compounds into the environment from different sources leads to the pollution of plants, animals, and water and soil environments and also creates problems for public health. In addition, the presence of these medicinal compounds in the environment leads to the development of antibiotic-resistant pathogens that potentially threaten the functioning of the ecosystem and human health. Then, the occurrence and the ways of their entry into the environment, as well as the negative effects of antibiotics on the environment and human health, were surveyed. Finally, the topics related to their fate and management and risk assessment of antibiotics in the environment were studied. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

45 - Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Yersinia enterocolitica in broiler meat and edible offal at Ardabil retails
S. Shekari M. Ghiami Rad

Yersinia enterocolitica is one of the most important food-borne bacteria and it can cause yersiniosis. This study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of Y. enterocolitica in poultry meat and offal marketed in Ardabil, as well as to assess the antibiotic resistan More

Yersinia enterocolitica is one of the most important food-borne bacteria and it can cause yersiniosis. This study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of Y. enterocolitica in poultry meat and offal marketed in Ardabil, as well as to assess the antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a total of 344 samples including 264 poultry meat and 80 offal samples were randomly obtained during the spring and summer of 2016. The samples were investigated for the presence of Y. enterocolitica using Iranian National Standard. Moreover, antibiotic susceptibility was examined by Kerby-Bauer method. Based on results, 22.34% of the poultry meat samples and 37.5% of the offals were contaminated with Y. enterocolitica. Antibiogram results revealed that 84.74% of the isolates were resistant to Ampicillin; in the cases of Cephalothin and Cephalexin, it was estimated at 69.49% and 64.4% of the isolates, respectively. However, resistance was observed for Chloramphenicol and Syprufluxasine. Regarding the high occurrence Y. enterocolitica in chicken meat and offal and the presence of antibiotic-resistant strains of this bacterium, the implementation of hygienic measures to reduce the occurrence of Y. enterocolitica in chicken meat and the prudent use of antibiotics in the poultry industry to prevent the spread of strains resistant to antibiotics and transferring them to the human food chain is essential. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

46 - Presented in Qom city and the antibiotic resistance Investigation of the prevalence of Arcobacter, Pseudomonas, Campylobacter and Bacillus cereus in sandwiches of the isolates
Seyed erfan Hoseini nasab najmeh vahed dehkordi Ebrahim Rahimi

10.30495/jfh.2023.1992348.1413

Nowadays, due to the existence of different occupations, it is not possible to cook food for all the people of a society, and most of the people have turned to using ready-made foods, which, in addition to all its advantages, can be a source of They are important bacter More

Nowadays, due to the existence of different occupations, it is not possible to cook food for all the people of a society, and most of the people have turned to using ready-made foods, which, in addition to all its advantages, can be a source of They are important bacterial contaminations that cause the spread of gastroenteritis. In this regard, the aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of Arcobacter, Pseudomonas, Campylobacter and Bacillus cereus in sandwiches offered in Qom city and the antibiotic resistance of the isolates. 120 samples, including 30 samples of samosas, salads, traditional chicken nuggets, traditional hamburgers from the supply centers of Qom city, were randomly separated and transported to the food hygiene laboratory of Shahrekord Azad University along with ice flasks to prevent secondary contamination. The standards were evaluated. The results showed that Arcobacter 28.83%, Pseudomonas 16.65%, Bacillus cereus 23.35% and Campylobacter 14.75% were the highest and lowest contamination rates for Arcobacter and Campylobacter respectively. The highest level of resistance to antibiotics was related to Bacillus cereus with 78.56% and the lowest resistance was related to Campylobacter with 53.7%. Therefore, it is recommended to reduce the consumption of street food to a minimum, and in case of gastroenteritis caused by food contamination, the use of antibiotics should also be minimized. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

47 - Salmonella and Escherichia coli contamination in samosas presented in Sistan and Baluchestan province and antibiotic resistance of isolates
M.A. Heidarzadi M. Rahnama M. Alipoureskandani D. Saadati A. Afsharimoghadam

10.30495/jfh.2021.1938582.1323

Salmonella and Escherichia coli are major food contaminants. The presence of these microorganisms in food and their entry into the human body cause gastroenteritis. This study aimed to evaluate the contamination of Salmonella and E. coli&nb More

Salmonella and Escherichia coli are major food contaminants. The presence of these microorganisms in food and their entry into the human body cause gastroenteritis. This study aimed to evaluate the contamination of Salmonella and E. coli in samosas presented in Sistan and Baluchestan province and the antibiotic resistance of the isolates. A total of 104 samples, including mushroom, chicken, meat, and vegetable samosas, were randomly obtained from different regions of Sistan and Baluchestan province. The results showed that 45 (43.3%) and 13 (12.5%) were contaminated with Salmonella and E. coli, respectively. Salmonella isolates had the highest resistance to ampicillin (77%), imipenem (59%), and ciprofloxacin (41%). In the case of E. coli, the highest resistance was observed in imipenem (77%), ampicillin (46%), and tetracycline (38%). It was concluded that the prevalence of Salmonella and E. coli in samosas presented in Sistan and Baluchestan province was so high. Therefore, training food staff for observing hygienic principles in all stages is essential. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

48 - Investigating the prevalence, genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance of Clostridium difficile in local and industrial chicken and turkey meat in sales centers of Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari province.
akbar ansariyan barezi Amir Shakerian ebrahim rahimi zahra esfandiyari

10.30495/jfh.2023.1993402.1415

Clostridium difficile is an obligate anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium with a length of 3-5 micrometers and most important enteropathogens in humans and livestock. Antibiotic use has been introduced as one of the most important risk factors in the spread of this diseas More

Clostridium difficile is an obligate anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium with a length of 3-5 micrometers and most important enteropathogens in humans and livestock. Antibiotic use has been introduced as one of the most important risk factors in the spread of this disease. Antibiotics such as amoxicillin, erythromycin, lincomycin, clindamycin, linozoid, metopenem, metronidazole, amoxifloxacin, penicillin, pyracillin, tetracycline, and vancomycin have been introduced as common cases of "nosocomial Clostridium difficile infection". The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence, antibiotic resistance and genetic diversity of Clostridium difficile bacteria as a possible new foodborne pathogen in 300 domestic and industrial chicken and turkey meat samples in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces. The samples were grown in CDMN agar culture medium after an enrichment step to isolate Clostridium difficile. To determine the characteristics of the toxin, tcdA and tcdB genes were identified through multiplex PCR. The antibiotic sensitivity of these isolates was monitored based on the MIC test. The results showed that the highest prevalence was related to native chicken meat (5.6%) and the lowest prevalence was related to industrial turkey meat (1%). The genes responsible for the production of tcdB and tcdA toxins were observed in all Clostridium difficile isolates. Also, the highest resistance was related to erythromycin (14.85%) and the lowest resistance was related to vancomycin (97.38%). According to the isolation of two main genes causing hospital infection in clinical environments in the present study, the establishment of health systems in relation to the storage of the studied meats is necessary.. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

49 - Determination of tylosin, gentamicin, and neomycin residues in distributed milk and ice-cream in Tehran by HPLC method in 2019
A. Khatami M.H. Movassagh

10.30495/jfh.2022.1961856.1361

Improper use of antibiotics, and the subsequent residues in raw animal products such as milk, can directly or indirectly cause health problems in human communities such as allergic reactions and reduce the effectiveness of antibiotic treatments. The aim of the present s More

Improper use of antibiotics, and the subsequent residues in raw animal products such as milk, can directly or indirectly cause health problems in human communities such as allergic reactions and reduce the effectiveness of antibiotic treatments. The aim of the present study was to determine the residual levels of tylosin, gentamicin, and neomycin in milk and ice cream distributed across Tehran. A total of 125 samples, including raw milk, pasteurized and sterilized milk, traditional and pasteurized ice cream. The samples were randomly obtained from retail centers in Tehran from July to September 2019. The residual levels of tylosin, gentamicin, and neomycin were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Of the samples, tylosin, gentamicin, and neomycin were detected in 94.4%, 92.2%, and 96.6%, respectively. The highest tylosin residues in raw milk and ice cream samples was 26.72 ± 1.55 and 26.01 ± 1.55 μg/l, respectively. The highest gentamicin residues in raw milk and ice cream samples were 28.15 ± 1.29 and 28.8 ± 1.29 μg/l, respectively. The highest neomycin residues in raw milk and traditional ice cream samples were 33.46 ± 1.95 and 34.7 ±1.95 μg/l, respectively. According to the Iranian National Standard, in all tested samples the residual antibiotics were below the standard approval limit. Since most samples contained antibiotic residues, continuous monitoring of milk samples for antibiotic residues is recommended. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

50 - Prevalence of contamination of sandwiches with pathogenic microorganisms and antibiotic resistance of isolates in Kermanshah city, Iran.
Mohammad amin Heidarzadi Nadia Ayazi Najmeh Vahed dehkordi Mohsen Karami Sayedeh Khadijeh Ahmadi Seyed Erfan Hoseini nasab

10.30495/jfh.2024.1993294.1414

Meat products are one of the suppliers of human food needs, and like other food products, they have special nutritional values. If these products are contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms, they cause gastroenteritis in humans. The purpose of the present study is t More

Meat products are one of the suppliers of human food needs, and like other food products, they have special nutritional values. If these products are contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms, they cause gastroenteritis in humans. The purpose of the present study is the prevalence of contamination of sandwiches with pathogenic microorganisms and the antibiotic resistance of isolates in Kermanshah, Iran. A number of 210 samples, including ready-made sandwiches, sauces and salads, were taken from the supply centers of these products and transferred to the laboratory of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences and according to the standard instructions, to identify the microorganisms of Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Clostridium, coliform, Mold and yeast, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Yersinia enterocolitica were evaluated. Antibiotic resistance of isolates was evaluated by disk diffusion method. The results showed that the highest contamination was related to mold and yeast (83.64 percent), Staphylococcus aureus (42.71 percent), Salmonella (32.1 percent), and Escherichia coli (27.8 percent). Clostridium perfringens (13.3), Yersinia enterocolitica (5.25) and Bacillus cereus (3.94). Also, the results showed that the most contaminated food items are salad (43.81 percent), sauce (42.38 percent), traditional hamburger (36.48 percent), samosa (32.85 percent), falafel (24.28 percent), respectively. percent), sausage (24.12 percent) and sausage (13.9 percent). The high and alarming prevalence of bacterial contamination as well as the antibiotic resistance of isolates in sandwiches is a warning to apply accurate and quick health monitoring to these products. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

51 - Prevalence and antibiotics susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus in traditional Kouzeh cheese at Saqqez retails
سیما Khalifezadeh M.H Sadeghi zali M.R Nahaee

   Staphylococcus aureus is proposed as the third important foodborne organism worldwide. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of in traditional Kouzeh cheese at Saqqez retails and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates. More

   Staphylococcus aureus is proposed as the third important foodborne organism worldwide. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of in traditional Kouzeh cheese at Saqqez retails and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates. For this purpose, 100 Kouzeh cheese were collected from different parts of Saqqez. The samples were analyzed for the presence of S. aureus using conventional culture techniques. Afterwards, the pattern of antibiotic resistance of the isolates was investigated against 12 antibiotics using the disk diffusion’s method. According to the results, S. aureus was detected in 41 samples (41%). Amongst, only one of the isolates was found sensitive to all of the 12 antibiotics. In contrast, one of the isolates showed resistance to 9 antibiotics. Other isolates demonstrated various degrees of resistance (2 to 8 antibiotics). Regarding the high prevalence rate of contamination in Kouzeh cheese, application of efficient heat treatments of cheese-milk together with the and maintaining the hygiene conditions during cheese preparation is essential. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

52 - Contamination rate, antibiotic susceptibility profile, biofilm formation and presence of TSST-1 gene in Staphylococcus aureus isolates
K. Ebrahimzadeh S. Hanifian

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk and traditional dairy products of West-Azerbaijan Province and also to evaluate the presence of TSST-1 virulence gene, antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of the isolates. Using More

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk and traditional dairy products of West-Azerbaijan Province and also to evaluate the presence of TSST-1 virulence gene, antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of the isolates. Using stratified random method, a total of 80 raw milk and traditional dairy products (including traditional cheese, cream and curd) together with 20 nasal swab samples of the dairy products’ manufacturers were collected. S. aureus strains were isolated and identified by conventional culture methods. Afterwards, the isolates were subjected to PCR analysis to detect the presence of TSST-1 gene. According to the findings, 35% of the samples were contaminated by S. aureus. Moreover TSST-1 gene was recognized in 1 cheese and 2 swab samples. Antibiotic resistance profile revealed that most of S. aureus isolates were resistant towards vancomycin, penicillin, and methicillin and sensitive towards co-trimoxazole, gentamicin, rifampin, oxacillin, and cephalothin. Moreover, 2.85%, 17.15%, and 80% of the isolates were capable to form high, moderate and low amounts of biofilm. High occurrence of S. aureus in milk and dairy products which harbor TSST-1 virulence gene, and the strains that demonstrated resistant to several antibiotics and capable of biofilm formation, could be considered a health threat to the consumers of these products.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

53 - Antibiotic residue contamination in milk during last forty years in Iran
گیتی Karim S.M.M Kiaei نوردهر Rokni S.M Razavi Rouhani

Antibiotics belong to a category of drugs called “antimicrobials,” and include medicines like penicillin, tetracycline, and amoxicillin. These drugs are used to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria without causing significant harm to the host (such as a hu More

Antibiotics belong to a category of drugs called “antimicrobials,” and include medicines like penicillin, tetracycline, and amoxicillin. These drugs are used to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria without causing significant harm to the host (such as a human or an animal). When humans and animals are injected or introduced with antibiotics, the drugs accumulate in the body. These accumulated drugs are called antibiotic residue. Antibiotic residue is detectible in the blood, muscle tissue and body fluids, like milk which can be harmful for consumer’s health as well as dairy industries. The first study was carried out in 1962 in Iran. The results show an increasing trend of antibiotics residue in milk over four decades in the country. It seems that an effective strategy to involve different dimensions of the matter that is government authorized body, farmers and dairy industries for solving the problem is necessary.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

54 - Detection of antibiotic residues in edible tissue of slaughtered cows in Tabriz abattoir with FPT method
M.A Torbati مهدی Shamshiri افشین Javadi

Antibiotic residues in food stuff and their transmission to the consumers have some consequences such as bacterial resistance, allergic reactions, intoxication, carcinogenic effects and disturbing of intestine natural flora of. Four-plate test is among microbiologic met More

Antibiotic residues in food stuff and their transmission to the consumers have some consequences such as bacterial resistance, allergic reactions, intoxication, carcinogenic effects and disturbing of intestine natural flora of. Four-plate test is among microbiologic methods for detecting antibiotic residues in food stuff, which performs in four culture media with different pH values and test bacteria. In this study, 30 samples including gluteal muscle, diaphragm muscle, liver and kidney tissues obtained randomly from beef carcasses slaughtered in Tabriz abattoir were assayed. From total 30 kidney samples, every 30(100%) cases; among 30 liver samples, 28(93.33%); from 30 diaphragm samples, 22(73.33%) and from 30 gluteal muscle samples, 22(73.33%) cases were diagnosed as positive for  antibiotic residues. Results revealed that, the most antibiotic residues belonged to Penicilin and Macrolides groups (P<0.05).  In addition, kidneys was diagnosed as the most contaminated tissue for antibiotic residues (P<0.05). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

55 - Prevalence and antibiotic profile of Escherichia coli in traditionally made ice cream in retails of Khoy
حامد Molaabaszadeh مسعود Molaazadeh نادر Hajizadeh نادر Mohammadzadeh Gheshlaghi

   Escherichia coli is among the most important intestinal foodborne bacterial pathogens. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of E. coli in traditionally-made ice creams at retails of Khoy city. Moreover, the antibiotic profile of the is More

   Escherichia coli is among the most important intestinal foodborne bacterial pathogens. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of E. coli in traditionally-made ice creams at retails of Khoy city. Moreover, the antibiotic profile of the isolates was investigated. For this, during April to September 2012, 150 ice cream samples collected from markets and confectionery shops. The samples were analyzed for the presence of E. coli. Afterwards, the antibiotic susceptibility and resistance of the isolates was evaluated on 10 different antibiotic using Kirby-Bauer test.According tothe results, 31.33% (47.150) of the samples were found positive for E. coli. The results of antibiogram test indicated that the highest level of sensitivity was determined for ceftizoxim (80.85%), ciprofloxacin (78.73%), and ceftriaxone (74.47%), respectively. In contrast, the most resistance antibiotics were amoxicillin (95.74%), oxacilin (82.98%), kanamycin (61.7%), respectively. The results revealed that the prevalence of E. coli, as the indication of fecal contamination, in traditionally made ice cream in Khoy retails and the antibiotic profile of the isolates were noticeable. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

56 - Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus in raw milks of Saqez
M.T Farajpour M.H Sadeghi zali مهدی Ghiamirad

Staphylococcus aureus is considered as a major foodborne pathogen worldwide which can contaminate milk either through mastitis or unsuitable processing conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of S. aureus in raw milk of Saqez as well as to asse More

Staphylococcus aureus is considered as a major foodborne pathogen worldwide which can contaminate milk either through mastitis or unsuitable processing conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of S. aureus in raw milk of Saqez as well as to assess the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the isolates. For this reason, 100 raw milk samples were obtained across Saqez. Presence of S. aureus was determined using conventional culture method; moreover, the antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates was studied by disc diffusion method. Results indicated that 51 samples were contaminated by S. aureus. Amongst, 19 (37.25%) were resistant to at least 1 antibiotic, 19 (37.25%) to 2 antibiotics, 3 (5.88%) to 3 antibiotics, 5 (9.80%) to 4 antibiotics, 3 (5.88%) to 5 antibiotics, 1 (1.98%) to 6 antibiotic and 1 (1.98%) isolate was found resistant to 8 antibiotics. Results revealed a high prevalence rate of S. aureus in raw milks and also the board antibiotic resistance of the isolates Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

57 - Detection of coliform bacteria, determination of phylogenetic typing and antibiotic resistance profile of Escherichia coli in qanats and springs of East-Azerbaijan province
N. Shabani Lokarani J. Shayegh J. Sadeghi Z. Mousavi

Escherichia coli as a fecal contamination and is considered as an index in water. The aim of this study was to determine the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of E. coli and antibiotic resistance of the isolates collected from qanats and springs in East-Azerbaija More

Escherichia coli as a fecal contamination and is considered as an index in water. The aim of this study was to determine the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of E. coli and antibiotic resistance of the isolates collected from qanats and springs in East-Azerbaijan province. For this purpose, 118 samples were selected from above mentioned area and examined by MPN method. The positive coliform samples were identified by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Afterwards, to determine the genetic diversity of E. coli isolates, phylogenetic typing we conducted by means of multiplex PCR. To determine the antibiotic resistance profile, antibiotic discs of Nalidixic Acid, Co-trimoxazol, Amoxicillin, Gentamaicin Ciprofloxacin, Chloramphenicol, Imipenem, Cefotaxime and Ceftazidime antibiogram were used. Based on results, 48% of the samples were evaluated as positive for coliform including 40% for E. coli and 19% for Klebsiella. Amongst 23 isolates confirmed as E. coli by PCR. Phylogenetic typing revealed  that 44% of E. coli strains belonged to type D and B2 and 56% belonged to A and B1 phylotypes. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern showed that 92% of E. coli isolates were resistant to Amoxicillin. All E. coli isolates were sensitive to Imipenem. It was concluded that presence of pathogenic E. coli with high rate of antibacterial resistance in waters source could be considered as a human health hazard. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

58 - Effect of essential oils of thyme, oregano and their combination on quality of quail meat in comparison with virginiamycin
Sh Hajipour dehbalaei محسن Afsharmanesh مسعود Sami

Due to its high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids, poultry meat is prone to oxidative deterioration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of essential oils of thyme, oregano and their combination in comparison with virginiamycin on quality of q More

Due to its high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids, poultry meat is prone to oxidative deterioration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of essential oils of thyme, oregano and their combination in comparison with virginiamycin on quality of quail’s meat. The dietary treatments consisted of the basal control (without any added compounds or with 100 mg/kg of virginiamycin), 100 and 200 mg/kg of thyme and oregano essential oils, as well as an equal mixture of thyme and oregano essential oil (levels of 50 and 100 mg /kg).  At the end of 35 days of the experiment, two birds from each group were slaughtered for testing the meat quality (including malondialdehyde, pH, water holding capacity, dripping loss and cooking loss). Results showed that essential oils of thyme, oregano and their mixture reduced the thiobarbituric acid value, dripping loss and cooking loss; on the other hand pH value and water holding capacity was increased. Oregano and thyme essential oils contain compounds with high antioxidant properties. Therefore, the presence of these compounds in the bloodstream and their accumulation in the muscle tissue could results in an increase in the antioxidant capacity and consequently enhance the keeping quality of meat. It seems that the application of natural antioxidants such as thymol or carvacrol could be helpful to improve the quality of poultry meat. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

59 - Attitude of broiler breeders toward the production of antibiotics-free chickens (case study: Tehran province)
آیت Behrouzi سیامک Mashayekhi Gh Asgari Jafarabadi

Abstract: This research aimed to investigate the attitude of broiler breeders toward the production of antibiotics-free chickens in Tehran province. The statistical population in this study included all broiler breeders (N=450) in Tehran province. Using stratified-rando More

Abstract: This research aimed to investigate the attitude of broiler breeders toward the production of antibiotics-free chickens in Tehran province. The statistical population in this study included all broiler breeders (N=450) in Tehran province. Using stratified-random-sampling method 136 breeders were selected. The main tool for data gathering was a questionnaire contained 44 questions and items. Results showed that 52.9% of the respondents had “positive” or “relatively positive” viewpoints about the production of antibiotic-free chicken. The results also indicated that there were a significant (p < 0.05) positive relationship between the attitude of  production of antibiotic-free chicken with the education level, job satisfaction, second job as well as having technical supervisor. Moreover, a significant (p < 0.01) positive relationship was observed between the participation in training courses related to the production of antibiotic-free chicken and the viewpoint of studied broiler producers. On the other hand, no significant correlation was observed between the “viewpoint of chicken producers” and the variables such as: “age”, “job background”, “frequency of progeny”, “production/non-production of antibiotic-free chicken”, “consumption/non-consumption of antibiotic-free chicken” and “knowledge on breeding the antibiotic-free chicken”.    Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

60 - Prevalence and antibiotic resistant of Campylobacter spp. isolated from different stages of sheep slaughterhouse
امیر Shakerian ابراهیم Rahimi سیامک Kazemi

Campylobacter jejuni/coli are frequent causes of diarrhea in humans worldwide originating in foods of animal origin mainly from meat. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in lamb at different stages of the slaughter line including: More

Campylobacter jejuni/coli are frequent causes of diarrhea in humans worldwide originating in foods of animal origin mainly from meat. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in lamb at different stages of the slaughter line including: after-skinning, after evisceration and the end of slaughter process. A total of 150 lamb samples (50 samples per each stage) were collected over a period of 16-month between January 2006 and May 2008, and were analyzed for the presence of Campylobacter spp. According to the results, Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 11.3% (17/150) of the carcasses from the three sampling stages. Among the isolates, 76.5% were identified as C. jejuni and 23.1% as C. coli. Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 5%, 8% and 4% of carcasses during the stages of after-skinning, after-evisceration and the end of slaughter process, respectively. Antibiotics susceptibility of 17 isolates were determined for ten different antibiotics using the disk diffusion assay. Results revealed that 58/8% of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, while 47/1% of the isolates to nalidixic acid, 41/2% to tetracycline, 29/4% to enrofloxacin, 23/5% to ampicillin, 5/9% to amoxicillin, and 5/9% top streptomycine. None of the isolates was resistant to erythromycin, chloramphenicol and gentamicine. This study emphasizes the application of a preventive system such as HACCP (Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points) for the control of Campylobacter contamination in slaughterhouse. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

61 - Antibiotic residues in chicken meat and table eggs consumed in Islamic Republic of Iran Army
A. Dabagh Moghadam M. Bashashati S. J. Hosseini-Shokouh S.R. Hashemi

Antibiotics are widely used for preventing and treating several diseases, as well as for promoting growth in food-producing animals. This widespread use of antibiotic may cause residuals in foodstuﬀs, as well as the induction of allergic reactions in humans. In addition More

Antibiotics are widely used for preventing and treating several diseases, as well as for promoting growth in food-producing animals. This widespread use of antibiotic may cause residuals in foodstuﬀs, as well as the induction of allergic reactions in humans. In addition, resistance to pathogenic bacteria has been constantly weakening as a result of antibiotic use. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the presence of common three groups of antibiotics including fluoroquinolone, tetracycline and sulfonamide in chicken meat and table eggs consumed in Islamic Republic of Iran Army (IRIA). A total of 70 poultry samples, including chicken meat and eggs from IRIA‘s cold storages, were analyzed using ELISA for determination of antibiotic residues. Of the chicken samples analyzed, 35 (100%), 30 (85.71%) and 28 (80.00%) were contaminated with fluoroquinolone, tetracycline and sulfonamide, respectively. The mean levels (±SE) of fluoroquinolone, tetracycline and sulfonamide were found to be 72.59±4.30 µg/kg, 15.35±1.6 µg/kg and 36.52±3.61 µg/kg in chicken samples, respectively. 4 (11.43%) of chicken samples exceeded the maximum residue level (MRL). The study revealed that 4 (11.43%), 8 (22.85%) and zero of 35 egg samples were positive for fluoroquinolone, tetracycline and sulfonamide, respectively. The mean levels (±SE) of fluoroquinolone, tetracycline and sulfonamide were found to be 1.23±0.6 µg/kg, 2.84±0.94 µg/kg and zero µg/kg in egg samples, respectively. This study indicated that some consumable chicken meat and eggs of IRIA contain residues of antibiotics, therefore, it is necessary to monitor protein products regarding to antimicrobial residues for public health.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

62 - Investigation of antibiotic residues in edible tissues of slaughtered broilers in Maragheh abattoir using FPT method (short comunication)
Masumeh Abasi Saman Mahdavi

Antibiotic residues in food stuff and their transmission to the consumers have some consequences such as bacterial resistance, allergic reactions, intoxication, carcinogenic effects and disturbing of intestine natural flora. Among microbiologic methods, four plate test More

Antibiotic residues in food stuff and their transmission to the consumers have some consequences such as bacterial resistance, allergic reactions, intoxication, carcinogenic effects and disturbing of intestine natural flora. Among microbiologic methods, four plate test (FPT) is used to detect antibiotic residues in food stuff, which performs in four culture media with different pH values and test bacteria. The aim of this study was investigation of antibiotic residues in edible tissues of slaughtered broilers in Maragheh abattoir using FPT method. For this reason, 40 slaughtered broilers carcasses in Maragheh abattoir (from 10 different poultry farms) were sampled. The sampling was conducted randomly from breast and leg muscles, gizzard as well as liver of each carcass. According to results of current study, 60% of liver samples, 55% of leg samples, 52.5% of breast samples and 52.5% of gizzard samples contained antibiotic residues. Moreover, the amount of antibiotic residues among different samples did not show statistical significance (p>0.05). The highest occurrence of antibiotic residue was found in two flocks (100%) and the lowest occurrence was recorded for another two flocks (0%). According to the health hazard of antibiotic residues in foods, continuous monitoring is recommended for edible tissues of broilers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

63 - Determination of serogroup and antibiotic resistance pattern of Salmonellas isolated from commercial laying poultry of Tabriz area
Mokhtar Sabeghy Younes Anzabi

10.30495/jvcp.2019.666733

Salmonellosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases. Using a variety of antibiotics is the key to reducing the incidence and mortality associated with Salmonella infections. However, incorrect use of antibiotics in commercial poultry farms may lead to the emerg More

Salmonellosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases. Using a variety of antibiotics is the key to reducing the incidence and mortality associated with Salmonella infections. However, incorrect use of antibiotics in commercial poultry farms may lead to the emergence of antibiotic resistance and consequently inadequate antimicrobial drugs. Also, the transfer of antibiotic-resistant strains to humans through the food chain could also be a public health threat. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the serogroup and antibiotic resistance pattern in Salmonella isolates from 8 commercial laying herds in Tabriz area. For this purpose, after isolation of Salmonella from different samples, the isolates were tested by specific antisera and then their antibiotic resistance pattern was determined using disk diffusion method (based on Kirby-Bauer method) against the 6 types of antibiotics used in the poultry industry in Iran (Enrofloxacin, Fluorphenicol, Fosphomycin, Lincospectin, Soltream and Doxycycline) and 6 types of antibiotics used  in humans (Gentamicin, Co-amoxiclav, Ciprofloxacin, Cefalexin, Cefotaxime and Ceftriaxone). From the 96 tested samples, 16 isolates of Salmonella were identified with 10 isolates belonging to serogroup D but 6 isolates did not belong to any of the tested serogroups. Also, all isolates were sensitive to Gentamycin and Fosfomycin and the highest resistance was observed towards Doxycycline with an abundance of 83.35%. The relatively high prevalence of drug resistance among Salmonella isolates from commercial laying poultry showed that antibiotics should be administered with more caution and care. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

64 - Evaluation of antibiotic resistance patterns and the presence of spvR virulence gene in salmonella isolated from the liver and ovary of industrial layer farms in East Azarbaijan province
amir allahyari Hossein Nikpiran Younes Anzabi

10.30495/jvcp.2020.1873299.1239

Infection with salmonella bacteria causes chronic and acute diseases in poultry that can cause significant economic losses to the poultry industry. SThe aim of the current study was to evaluate antibiotic resistance in salmonella infected layer flocks of East Azarbaijan More

Infection with salmonella bacteria causes chronic and acute diseases in poultry that can cause significant economic losses to the poultry industry. SThe aim of the current study was to evaluate antibiotic resistance in salmonella infected layer flocks of East Azarbaijan province and to determine the presence of spvR virulence gene in isolated samples. A total of 200 liver and ovary samples were taken from 45 salmonella suspected flocks and cultured in selective and differential growth medium of salmonella. Antibiogram test to determine antibiotic sensitivity was done following isolation of bacteria.  PCR was used to determine the presence of spvR gene with specific primers. The results indicated all isolates were resistant to Erythromycin, Tetracycline, and Trimethoprim-Sulphamethoxazole, and the highest antibiotic resistance was against Doxycycline 94.3%, Danofloxacin 92.6% and Florfenicol 91.7%. Also, the highest sensitivity was against Fosfomycin 94.7%, and Enrofloxacin 74.2%. Results of molecular tests indicated that the spvR gene was present in the majority of layer flocks of East Azarbaijan province (in 88.46% of isolated salmonella). According to the results, it is necessary to prevent the spread of salmonella contamination amongst the laying hens in order to improve the poultry industry and the health of human communities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

65 - Antibacterial effects of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles producing by two methods of chemical precipitation and microwave on Escherichia coli isolates from poultry
Zahra Mohamdi Golafshan Jalal Shayegh Shahin Tofangdarzadeh

10.30495/jvcp.2023.1967194.1382

Poultry colibacillosis causes several diseases that can cause great economic damage to poultry herds. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a prominent member of this family, is known as one of the bacteria that pollutes the environment. Today, antibiotics and disinfectants are More

Poultry colibacillosis causes several diseases that can cause great economic damage to poultry herds. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a prominent member of this family, is known as one of the bacteria that pollutes the environment. Today, antibiotics and disinfectants are used to prevent a variety of diseases. However, due to inappropriate consumption, as well as incomplete duration of treatment, antibiotic-resistant bacteria have emerged. Due to their small size and high surface-to-volume ratio, nanoparticles have particle inhibitory properties and therefore have many cell-killing effects that can be used as antibacterial, fungal and viral agents. In this study, the antibacterial effects of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles were investigated by chemical and microwave precipitation methods in Escherichia coli bacteria isolated from poultry. For this purpose, Escherichia coli bacterial samples were collected from poultry clinics in Tabriz in May and June 2016 .Synthesized cadmium sulfide nanoparticles and Identified by XRD, UV and SEM analysis were exposed to cultured E. coli by both precipitation and microwave methods. Results were determined based on the minimum amount of MBC bactericidal and the minimum inhibitory concentration of MIC. The MIC was 1.653% and the MBC was 2.051%, the MIC was 2.051% and the MBC was 1.653%. The results of this study showed that cadmium sulfide nanoparticles have good antimicrobial effects on Escherichia coli; however, no significant difference was observed between the synthesis method of these nanoparticles for bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

66 - Evaluating the antibiotic resistance pattern of Salmonella isolated from a number of laying poultry flocks in the northwest of the country during 2021 and investigating its relationship with the performance of the mentioned farms
Zahra Mahdavi Adel Feizi younes anzabi

10.30495/jvcp.2023.1968910.1387

Infection with the Salmonella genus of bacteria causes chronic and acute diseases in poultry leading to significant economic losses to the poultry industry. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern of Salmonella serotypes isolated f More

Infection with the Salmonella genus of bacteria causes chronic and acute diseases in poultry leading to significant economic losses to the poultry industry. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern of Salmonella serotypes isolated from a number of laying poultry flocks in the northwest of the country and to investigate its relationship with the performance of those farms. Eighty samples were taken from 20 flocks suspected of salmonellosis .The samples were cultured in selective and differential cultures of Salmonella. After isolation of Salmonella serotypes, the antibiogram test was performed to determine the antibiotic sensitivity. In order to check the performance of suspicious flocks, the history of the flock was obtained and the amount of mortality and production drop was calculated by statistical methods.The results indicated that 40% of the flocks were positive in terms of the presence of Salmonella, with 30% of the flocks affected by Salmonella gallinarum, 5% by Salmonella enteritidis, and 5% by concurrent presence of both Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella gallinarum. The highest antibiotic sensitivity of Salmonella serotypes was recorded from fosfomycin and danofloxacin with a frequency of 100% and soltrim with a frequency of 78.6%. The highest antibiotic resistance was observed against erythromycin with a frequency of 75% and chlortetracycline with a frequency of 53.6%. Based on the results, there was a statistically significant difference in  the amount of flock mortality and production drop between Salmonella negative and Salmonella positive herds (p<0.05). Also, more vigilant use of antibiotics is required due to the high levels of resistance shown by Salmonella against various antibiotic drugs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

67 - Evaluation of chloramphenicol residues in poultry meat using ELISA method in Isfahan
ابراهیم Rahimi محسن Jafarian

Chloramphenicol is classified as a broad spectrum veterinary drugs used to treat pulmonary infections in the poultry industry. Even relatively low levels of chloramphenicol residues may give rice to an irreversible type of bone marrow depression leading eventually to an More

Chloramphenicol is classified as a broad spectrum veterinary drugs used to treat pulmonary infections in the poultry industry. Even relatively low levels of chloramphenicol residues may give rice to an irreversible type of bone marrow depression leading eventually to anaplastic anemia. This study was conducted with the aim of chicken meat. Chloramphenicol concentraction was measured by enzyme (ELISA) in 140 chicken meat samples (thigh muscles) presented to the consumption market of isfahan city. In 25 of the 140 evaluated samples (17.9%), presence of chloramephnicol residues was detected in concentrations rouging form 14 to 311 ng/kg with a mean ±standard deviation of 97.9 ±17.7 ng/kg. the results of chloramphenicol residues were low in the samples but this drug is still being used in the poultry industry and this can be a risk to public health.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

68 - Serotyping and antibiotic resistance patterns of isolated Salmonella from broiler chickens in Ahvaz
Ramezan Ali Jafari Masoud Ghorbanpoor Taghi Zahraei Salehi mansour Mayahi mostafa Gholipour Azar

Salmonellosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases. Antimicrobial therapy is an important tool in reducing both the incidence and mortality associated with Salmonella infections, but the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in poultry farms can lead to the emerge More

Salmonellosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases. Antimicrobial therapy is an important tool in reducing both the incidence and mortality associated with Salmonella infections, but the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in poultry farms can lead to the emergence of resistance and inefficacy of antimicrobials. Moreover, transmission of the resistant strains to humans through food chain could be a menace to public health. This study was conducted to determine serogroup and antibiotic resistancepatterns of Salmonella isolates recovered from 25 broiler chicken farms in Ahvaz. All isolates were examined for serogroup using commercial antiserum, and for resistance to the most commonly used antibiotics in poultry (enrofloxacin, florfenicol, fosfomycin, lincospectin, sultrim and doxycycline) and humans (gentamicin, amoxiclav, ciprofloxacin, cefalexin, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone) by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The Salmonella isolates belonged to serogroups B (two isolates), C (three isolates) and D (45 isolates). Out of 50 isolates, 24 (48%) were resistant to one or more antibiotics. All isolates were sensitive to florfenicol, sultrim, cephalexin and ceftriaxone. The highest and lowest rates of resistance were observed against lincospectin (36%) and amoxiclav (2%), respectively. The high prevalence of resistant salmonellae among broilers indicates that the administration of antimicrobial drugs has to be made with more caution. Conflict of interest: None declared Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

69 - The comparative effect of prebiotic, growth promoter antibiotic, probiotic, yeast cell wall and acid fire on broiler chickens performance
افشین Zakeri مهدی Taghi Nejad Roudbaneh آیدین Azizpour وحید Hajiabaloo

In this study 600 Cobb 500 broiler chickens were divided in six similar groups (A, B, C, D, E&F) with 100 chickens in each group (with four replicates of 25 chickens in each group). 100 g/ton growth promoter antibiotic in experimental group (B), 100 g/ton Prebiotic More

In this study 600 Cobb 500 broiler chickens were divided in six similar groups (A, B, C, D, E&F) with 100 chickens in each group (with four replicates of 25 chickens in each group). 100 g/ton growth promoter antibiotic in experimental group (B), 100 g/ton Prebiotic in experimental group (C), 800 g/ton Acid fires in experimental group (D), 1 kg/ton MOS in experimental group (E) and 4 kg/ton Yeast cell wall in experimental group (F) were added to the basic diets however the control group (A) chickens were fed only with the basic diet. Every week 100 chickens from each group were selected randomly and productive parameters such as weight gain, FCR, EEF, mortality, feed intake (FI) were calculated. On days 9, 17 and 25 of growth (1 day before and 7, 14 days after first Newcastle B1 vaccination), from each groups, each time 20 chickens were chosen randomly and serum antibody titres of these chickens were measured against Newcastle vaccine by HI test. The results obtained from statistical analysis indicated that using natural growth promoting substances not only increases humoral immunity but it also leads to improvement of productive parameters (p<0.05).   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

70 - Experimental study on effect of roasting, boiling and microwave cooking methods on enrofloxacin antibiotic residues in edible poultry tissues
افشین Javadi حمید Mirzaei S.A Khatibi علی Manaf Hosseyni

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different cooking processes such as boiling, roasting and microwaving on enrofloxacin residues in muscle, liver and gizzard tissues of broiler chickens. Each of chicks was fed by routine diet and water with %0.05 More

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different cooking processes such as boiling, roasting and microwaving on enrofloxacin residues in muscle, liver and gizzard tissues of broiler chickens. Each of chicks was fed by routine diet and water with %0.05 of enrofloxacine for consecutive 5 days .Then; three locations including breast muscle, liver and gizzard were sampled aseptically from each carcass. Enrofloxacin residue was analyzed using microbial method by plates seeded with Escherichia coli. After doing different phases of the test on raw samples, the positive raw samples cooked by various cooking procedures and we surveyed cooked samples with similar method again for present of residue. The results were show reduction in concentration of enrofloxacin residue after different cooking processes. The most reduction of the residue in cooked meat and gizzard samples related to boiling process and roasting process for cooked liver samples and the highest detectable amount of residue belonged to microwaving process in all cooked samples. Regarding to the results of this study, we can conclude that cooking processes can’t annihilate total amounts of these drug and it can only decrease their amounts and the most of residue in boiling process excreted from tissue to cooking fluid. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

71 - The Effects of Oral Administration of a Traditional Product (ma-ol-asal morakab) in Comparison with Placebo on Prevention and Treatment of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia: A Randomized Double Blinded Clinical Trial
Rasool Choopani Zahra Shoaei Minoosh Shabani Mohammadreza Hajiesmaeili Ali Saffaei Zahra Sahraei

10.30495/ejmp.2023.1962876.1697

Mechanical ventilation-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common nosocomial disease defined as occurring 48 hours after initiation of mechanical ventilation. In the present study, the effect of oral consumption of the traditional medicinal product (a product containing hon More

Mechanical ventilation-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common nosocomial disease defined as occurring 48 hours after initiation of mechanical ventilation. In the present study, the effect of oral consumption of the traditional medicinal product (a product containing honey, ginger, cardamom, alpinia, saffron, mastic, and cinnamon) on the prevention and treatment of VAP was investigated. The study was a randomized clinical trial, conducted on 41 intubated patients admitted to Loghman Hakim and Shohadaye Tajrish hospitals in Tehran during 2019-2020. Patients were divided into two groups including 19 cases (control) and 22 cases (intervention). In the intervention group, patients received 10 ml of mixed honey syrup (manufactured by Niyak Gorgan Pharmaceutical Factory) three times a day by gavage. In all patients, variables such as demographic information, underlying diseases, medications, duration of intubation, rate of VAP, and clinical and laboratory information were recorded and evaluated. The incidence of VAP based on the CPIS score was 50% and 47.36%  in the intervention and control group, respectively, showing no significant difference (P≤0.558). Also, based on the analysis of the obtained data, no significant difference was found between the days of antibiotic treatment in patients with pneumonia. Based on the findings, this product had no effect on the rate of pneumonia caused by mechanical ventilation devices, but its positive effects were evident in stopping fever faster in the patients of the intervention group. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

72 - Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial properties of green copper oxide nanoparticles from Hypericum perforatum plant extract and Marrubium Vulgare
Ashkan Farazin Shirin Kavezadeh

10.22034/jna.2022.1951530.1291

In the present study, copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using Hypericum perforatum plant extract from the Malpican family and Marrubium Vulgare plant from the mint family. Since it is believed that the antioxidants in the plant reduce the reduction of metal io More

In the present study, copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using Hypericum perforatum plant extract from the Malpican family and Marrubium Vulgare plant from the mint family. Since it is believed that the antioxidants in the plant reduce the reduction of metal ions to nanoparticles as reducing agents, these two plants were tested for their antioxidant properties by the free radical scavenging method, and the IC50 quantity was measured. Hypericum perforatum plant with IC50 equivalent to 0.413 had more antioxidant content than Marrubium Vulgare plant with IC50 equivalent to 1.562, so it was superior in the process of green synthesis. The properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Visible). The presence of a metal-oxygen bond was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). X-ray energy diffraction spectra showed the purity of the synthesized nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were observed with spherical morphology and size distribution of 30 to 40 nm and with uniform size distribution. The results of the XRD spectrum showed that pH adjustment did not affect the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles. The nanoparticles synthesized against the two bacteria used in this present study did not show significant antibacterial properties compared to industrial antibiotics. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

73 - Facile Synthesis and Investigation of Flower like p-NiO/n-ZnO as Efficient Photocatalyst for Degradation of Erythromycin under Sunlight
Sajad Khamani Mohammad Hossein Ghorbani Leila Torkian Reza Fazaeli Zahra Khodadadi

10.22034/jna.2022.1947651.1286

Conventional wastewater treatment is not able to effectively removal drugs such as antibiotics, so it is important to remove the remaining antibiotics from the environment. In this research, Zinc oxide (ZnO), nickel oxide (NiO) and p-NiO/n-ZnO heterostructure were synth More

Conventional wastewater treatment is not able to effectively removal drugs such as antibiotics, so it is important to remove the remaining antibiotics from the environment. In this research, Zinc oxide (ZnO), nickel oxide (NiO) and p-NiO/n-ZnO heterostructure were synthesized. Then, prepared samples were characterized by several techniques. The photocatalytic degradation of erythromycin from aqueous solutions was studied by photocatalysts synthesized under sunlight. Design of Experimental (DOE) was used to evaluate the effective parameters in the degradation process of erythromycin. The effects of pH, time (min), photocatalytic mass (g) and erythromycin concentration (mg/L) were studied. Using Design Expert 7 software, the highest degradation efficiency of erythromycin was found 99.54%, under optimum conditions at pH 3.07, time 101.14 (min), photocatalyst mass 0.13 (g) and erythromycin concentration 41.04 (mg/L). Isothermal studies have shown that the Fritz-Schlander isotherm with the least error with the experimental data of p-NiO/n-ZnO (5%) photocatalytic degradation are the best fit. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

74 - Typing of the Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from row meat of poultry and livestock using Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST)
Marziyeh Tavakol Hassan Momtaz Parviz Mohajeri Leili Shokoohizadeh Elahe Tajbakhsh

Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) strains with multiple drug resistance are mainly opportunistic pathogens in the development of hospital infections and as an emerging contaminant in livestock-based foods. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resis More

Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) strains with multiple drug resistance are mainly opportunistic pathogens in the development of hospital infections and as an emerging contaminant in livestock-based foods. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern and genotyping of this bacterium strains in raw meat of poultry and livestock. 22 strains isolated from raw meat were tested by multi-locus sequence typing and simple disk diffusion methods. The highest antimicrobial resistance was observed to tetracycline with 90.9% and the least antibiotic resistance was azithromycin and imipenem with 9.09%. Five strains were identified as non-typing isolates in 22 isolates of A. baumannii. Five genetic profiles (Sequence Types=ST) including ST15, ST10, ST12, ST25, ST25 were identified. Identifying the acceptable level of genetic variation among isolates using the MLST technique indicates that this method is considered as a useful method in the study and typing of Acinetobacter spp. strains and can be strains isolated from different origins in different groups. In this study, it was found that by sequencing of house-keeping genes, it is possible to typing of Acinetobacter spp. strains, and this amount of polymorphism indicates that this technique is a useful method for analyzing the genetic diversity of A. baumannii strains is a source of animal origin. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

75 - Evaluation of Medicinal infusions signs in cattle slaughtered at the abattoir Sari
mohsen yadollahi Nasrollah Vahedi Nouri Yazdan Khodabakhsh

Summary: Today, Antibiotics are mainly used to treat and also stimulate the growth of livestock in the diet. In the event of uncontrolled consumption of drugs especially antibiotics and lack of observance Contraception time (Withdrawal time), Causes harmful effects such More

Summary: Today, Antibiotics are mainly used to treat and also stimulate the growth of livestock in the diet. In the event of uncontrolled consumption of drugs especially antibiotics and lack of observance Contraception time (Withdrawal time), Causes harmful effects such as: Bacterial resistance, allergic reactions, poisoning, Carcinogenicity and disturb the natural microflora of the intestines in the body of the consumer. This study was conducted to determine the rate of injection of drugs and its effects on cows' carcasses. This study is descriptive-cross sectional. Within six months, From June to December 2016, a total of 8630 cow carcasses were surveyed from Sari industrial slaughterhouse. For this purpose, carcasses were examined (Effects of Injection, Smell the drug odor) daily at the slaughterhouse. Of the 8630 carcasses examined, 1,500 carcasses (17.38 %) had injectable effects. The results of the research show that there the difference between males and females in terms of the effects of drug injections is statistically significant in both summer and autumn (P&lsaquo;0.05).But between summer and autumn, the difference is not statistically significant(P&rsaquo;0.05). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

76 - samples Antibiotic resistance profile of Salmonella typhimurium isolated from raw milk and traditional cheese
Maryam Mazhari Mojtaba Bonyadian Hamdallah Moshtaghi

10.30495/jfm.2023.1976067.1801

Salmonella is one of the most important bacteria which cause illnesses, may exist in raw foods. The presence of this bacterium in food also causes a decrease in the quality of productions and a decrease in the economic growth. Milk and its products are among the food th More

Salmonella is one of the most important bacteria which cause illnesses, may exist in raw foods. The presence of this bacterium in food also causes a decrease in the quality of productions and a decrease in the economic growth. Milk and its products are among the food that may contaminate with Salmonella both primarily and secondarily by employees, water, etc., and transmitted to human. In this study, 100 samples of raw milk and 50 samples of traditional cheese from different parts of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province were obtained to isolate and identify Salmonella bacteria using microbiological, and polymerase chain reaction tests. Also, the antibiotic resistance of Salmonella isolates was evaluated by the diffusion disk method. The results of microbiological tests showed that 7 samples were contaminated with salmonella. Suspicious isolates included 5 samples belonging to raw milk and 2 samples belonging to traditional cheeses. The results of PCR test revealed that 3 samples of suspected isolates of raw milk (%3) and 1 sample of suspected isolates of traditional cheese (%2) were S. typhimurium. The results of the antibiogram test on Salmonella isolates showed the highest sensitivity to Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin, and the highest resistance to Ampicillin, Tetracycline and Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole antibiotics. According to the results of the present study, raw milk and traditional cheeses are contaminated with Salmonella typhimurium, which are resistant to some antibiotics. Although the contamination of raw milk is removed during the heat treatment steps such as pasteurization, boiling or sterilization, traditional cheeses contaminated with this bacterium are considered a potential risk for the health of consumers. Therefore, the examination of traditional dairy products, especially cheese, in terms of preventing the occurrence of diseases in humans seems to be more necessary. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

77 - The Study on antibiotic resistance pattern of Cronobacter sakazakii strains isolated from infant formula and baby food types
Samira abbasi bafetrat Mohammad Goli Hasan Momtaz

Cronobacter sakazakii is one of the main pathogens that transmitted by feeding infants by contaminated infant formula and baby-food. This bacterium is one of the major causes of mortality, digestive diseases and meningitis in newborns. This study was performed in order More

Cronobacter sakazakii is one of the main pathogens that transmitted by feeding infants by contaminated infant formula and baby-food. This bacterium is one of the major causes of mortality, digestive diseases and meningitis in newborns. This study was performed in order to detect microbiological and molecular contamination by Cronobacter sakazakii and study antibiotic resistance pattern of bacterial isolates. Two hundred samples of infant formula and baby food from deferent brands were collected and after microbial detection, bacteria’s isolates were detected, using PCR method. Then antibiotic resistance pattern of isolates were evaluated using disk diffusion method. Three samples from total 100 baby food (3%) and 5 samples from total 100 infant formula (5%) had Cronobacter sakazaki infection. A, B and C brands from infant formula and A, D brands from baby food were contaminated with Cronobacter sakazakii. B and C brands from infant formula (10% each of them) and A brand from baby food (8%) were infected with Cronobacter sakazakii. Isolates from Cronobacter sakazakii which isolate from infant formula and baby food demonstrated most Sensitivity to ciprofloxacin (20.38), meropenem (19.83) and imipenem (19.63) and most resistance to amoxicillin, ampicillin, tigecycline, ticarcillin, aztreonam and ceftazidime. Careful inspection on the raw material quality of infant formula and baby food as well as, exact supervision on production procedure, sanitation in addition to use natural antimicrobial can reduce Prevalence rate of this bacteria. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

78 - The study of Escherichia coli contamination rate in meats of chickens without antibiotic and conventional
saeed Dehghani Majid Gholami-Ahangaran Ebrahim Rahimi

The residue of antibiotics and other chemical compounds in chicken meat is one of main concerns in consumers of this protein source. In this research, for study of correlation between antibiotic consumption and chicken meat contamination, in summer of 2014, 10 chicken f More

The residue of antibiotics and other chemical compounds in chicken meat is one of main concerns in consumers of this protein source. In this research, for study of correlation between antibiotic consumption and chicken meat contamination, in summer of 2014, 10 chicken farms in Isfahan province that reared under conventional condition and 5 chicken farms that reared broilers under without antibiotic consumption were monitored from start of growing period. At end of growing period, in slaughter stage, one piece of breast muscle and cecum content were sampled. The percentage of carcass contamination and number of Escherichia coli (E.coli) in cecal content were determined in chickens reared under conventional and without antibiotic condition. Also, the shigatoxogenic E.coli was examined by PCR.Furthermore, the carcass contamination and E.coli colony count in cecal content in chickens with or without colibacillosis background were determined. The results showed that the chicken meat contamination to E.coli and the E.coli population in cecal content in chickens reared under conventional condition were not significant different from chickens reared without antibiotic, while these indices in chickens with colibacillosis history were significant higher than chickens without colibacillosis history. In this study the shigatoxogenic E.coli was not detected. In overall, this study revealed microbial infection in chicken farms that lead to antibiotic consumption could decrease hygienic quality of chicken meat. Therefore, in addition to controlling of withdrawal time for antibiotic consumption, the withdrawal time for infections incidence must be observed for decrease the risk of transmission of pathogens along the food chain of human. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

79 - Listeria isolated from traditional cheeses of Tabriz area: Occurrence, diversity and phenotypic characteristics
Aida Kalantaripour Shahram Hanifian

Contamination of milk and its products with pathogenic organisms such as Listeria could be considered as a health threat for the consumers. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and diversity of Listeia spp. in traditional cheeses of Tabriz area and to More

Contamination of milk and its products with pathogenic organisms such as Listeria could be considered as a health threat for the consumers. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and diversity of Listeia spp. in traditional cheeses of Tabriz area and to assess antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation and thermal-resistance of the isolates. A total number of 100 traditional cheese was collected randomly. Listeria spp. were isolated and identified using conventional culture methods. According to the results, 12 out of 100 cheese samples were found positive for Listeria spp. Amongst, 5 and 7 isolates were identified as monocytogens and ivanovii, respectively. The highest rate of resistance was observed for oxacillin (100%) and nalidixic acid (75%), and the highest rate (100%) of sensitivity was related to cotrimoxazole, tetracycline, gentamicin, erythromycin and vancomycin. Results of biofilm assay reveled that all 5 strains of L. monocytogens produced low amount of biofilm, meanwhile strains of L. ivanovii produced a range (weak, moderate and high) of biofilm level. Based on thermal-resistance outcomes, thermalisation process had insignificant impact on Listeria strains; whereas application of “rapid pasteurization” process for 5 sec, reduced the populations of both Listeia specis to below the detectable limit (P <0.01). In the case of batch pasteurization, two Listeria species demonstrated significant (P <0.01) degree of resitsnce. Since L. monocytogenes, and in a lesser extent L. ivanivi are human pathogens of concern, it was concluded that traditional cheeses of Tabriz area could pose a health hazard dealing with Listeria. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

80 - Isolation of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) and antibiotic resistance pattern determination and tracking virulence genes in the salad samples collected from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province and Isfahan
Hamidreza Bahrami محمد ربیعی فرادنبه

Salad is one of the most popular components of the diets. E. coli Shiga toxin producing STEC is considered as one of the most important food pathogens. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of salad contamination with this pathogen in Isfahan city and Chaharmah More

Salad is one of the most popular components of the diets. E. coli Shiga toxin producing STEC is considered as one of the most important food pathogens. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of salad contamination with this pathogen in Isfahan city and Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari Province STEC, determine the pattern of antibiotic-resistant and tracking virulence genes in bacteria were isolated. In this study, eighty samples of salad were randomly collected from Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari Province and Isfahan city from fast food restaurants and shopping malls. Following isolation of E. coli in the culture, PCR test to determine the virulence factors, Shiga toxin-producing bacteria was performed using specific primers. Then antibiotic resistance patterns were determined by standard methods and disk diffusion. The results showed that 80 salads, 11 samples (13/75 percent) are infected with E. coli. All strains of E. coli are resistant to at least one antibiotic. The highest and the lowest resistance were observed in tetracycline (58.82 percent) and nitrofurantoin (3.92%), respectively. The lowest prevalence and Stx1 had the highest frequency in the virulence genes. However STEC strains are not highly virulent in Iran, the findings of this study showed the possibility of contamination of the salads offered at fast food centers and restaurants. Therefore, preventive measures to avoid salad contamination with these bacteria are necessary. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

81 - Antibiotic resistance determination in Escherichia coli isolated from poultry samples enffected Colibacillosis disease from around Kermanshah farms
Forogh Mohammadi

Abstract Poultry colibacillosis is one of the most important diseases which is caused by Escherichia coli and cause great economic Damages to chicken farm industry. According to high spread of antibiotic resistance in this bacterium and create resistance strain of Esche More

Abstract Poultry colibacillosis is one of the most important diseases which is caused by Escherichia coli and cause great economic Damages to chicken farm industry. According to high spread of antibiotic resistance in this bacterium and create resistance strain of Escherichia coli, this study conducted to detect antibiotic resistance profile in Escherichia coli isolated from Colibacillosis in chicken carcasses transferred to Veterinary Diagnosis laboratories in Kermanshah, Iran. Antibiotic resistance profile was studied in 500 isolated of Escherichia coli in spring and summer of 2014 using simple disk diffusion method. The results showed that the first quarter of year had mostly Escherichia coli resistance to Chloretetracycline, Erythromycin, Oxytertracyclin and Colistin and in summer in addition of this four antibiotics, Danfloxacin had high rate of resistance antibiotic. According to the increase spread of antibiotic resistance, it is necessary to prevent of illness entrance to the poultry with proper nutrition principles and hygiene. Timely vaccination can prevent greatly of chicken farm with infectious diseases and follow that, the rate of antibiotic using is low and we can development into products without antibiotics. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

82 - Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Escherichia coli O157: H7 isolated from avian eggs
mehdi moradi sarmeidani mohsen fardemadi Ebrahim Rahimi abdolkarim zamani moghadam

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the most common intestinal pathogenic bacteria that cause various infections among men and animals. E. coli O157:H7 is one of the major serotypes which is placed in the group of Enterohemorrhagic E. coli or EHEC. The purpose of this More

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the most common intestinal pathogenic bacteria that cause various infections among men and animals. E. coli O157:H7 is one of the major serotypes which is placed in the group of Enterohemorrhagic E. coli or EHEC. The purpose of this study was searching for serotype O157:H7 in samples of domestic birds’ egg in the market by culture method and PCR molecular method and the antibiotic resistance of this bacterium was investigated. Totally, 87 samples of domestic poultry eggs (chicken, quail, pigeons, ostriches) three parts of shell, yolk and white (from each part a separate sample) were examined and after culturing steps, 8 samples were infected with this bacterium. Then, these 8 samples were tested with PCR strain and finally, 4 samples had O157: H7 strain genotype. Also after conducting antibiogram tests to determine the sensitivity toward different antibiotics, the most sensitivity of E.coli was belonged to antibiotics ciprofloxacin, ceftiroxone, enrofloxacin, enrofloxacin and nalidixic acid. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

83 - The comparing of antibiotic resistance pattern in Escherichia coli isolates from chicken meat that reared under conventional and without antibiotic condition
Mohammadreza Shahiri Majid Gholami-Ahangaran Ebrahim Rahimi

The using of antibiotics in chicken production is one of main concerns in consumers of this protein source that usually these compounds administrated for antimicrobial effect and control of microbial infections in poultry production. For comparing the antibiotic resista More

The using of antibiotics in chicken production is one of main concerns in consumers of this protein source that usually these compounds administrated for antimicrobial effect and control of microbial infections in poultry production. For comparing the antibiotic resistance pattern in Escherichia coli (E. coli) that isolated from different growing conditions (conventional and without antibiotic), the E. coli strains were isolated from chicken meat and cecal content of chickens that were reared under conventional and without antibiotic conditions, in Isfahan province. After purification of E.coli strains on specific bacterial culture, and approve of bacterial strains according to biochemical tests, the isolates were cultured on Mueller-Hinton culture. The antibiotic resistance pattern was examined by disc-diffusion agar test. The results showed that the antibiotic resistance to different medicinal and veterinary antibiotics groups has occurred in two different growing conditions but the antibiotic resistance was lower in without antibiotic than conventional growing condition. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

84 - SCCmec typing of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from milk and dairy products
Narges Aminifard Hasan Momtaz Zahra Bamzadeh

Staphylococcus aureus is a major opportunistic pathogen causing various diseases such as pneumonia and urinary tract infections. Indiscriminate and excessive use of antibiotics leads to antibiotic resistance in this bacterium, especially against commonly used antibiotic More

Staphylococcus aureus is a major opportunistic pathogen causing various diseases such as pneumonia and urinary tract infections. Indiscriminate and excessive use of antibiotics leads to antibiotic resistance in this bacterium, especially against commonly used antibiotics in the treatment. The present study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from milk and traditional milk products, especially resistance to methicillin. A total of 403 samples of milk and milk products was examined and collected from distribution centers of traditional and dairy products. Strains isolated were tested by PCR to determine the frequency of mec gene, SCCmec types and genes coding for antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance pattern of isolates was assessed by disk diffusion method. Out of 403 samples, 151 samples (%44.67) were infected with Staphylococcus aureus, and the highest prevalence of infection was found in samples of cow raw milk (%58.55). Only IV type was detected in mecA-positive isolates among SCCmec types; a number of 66 isolates belonged to IVd type, 21 isolates related to IVc type and 13 isolates belonged to IVa type and the significant differences between SCCmec type IVd with two types IVc and IVa was observed. The high prevalence of infection with Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk and traditional milk products and high antibiotic resistance of the isolates to common types of antibiotics in treating human infections are serious warning to the community and it requires hygienic measures and quality control of dairy products more than ever. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

85 - Determination of antibiotic resistance pattern of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the food samples by Multiplex PCR
Esmat Khoori Esmaeil Ataye Salehi Marzieh Khoori

Staphylococcus aureus is able to produce several enterotoxins which can cause poisoning symptoms with different intensities through eating of contaminated food. Due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, the number of antibiotics avai More

Staphylococcus aureus is able to produce several enterotoxins which can cause poisoning symptoms with different intensities through eating of contaminated food. Due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, the number of antibiotics available for treating these infections is reduced daily. This study aimed to isolate Staphylococcus aureus and identification of methicillin-resistant gene in food samples using PCR technique. The study included 320 samples of different foods was conducted between July of 2015 and March of 2016. The samples were randomly collected from different parts of Mashhad, were sent to the laboratory and in accordance with standard instructions were examined for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus. The antibiotic sensitivity test was done by disk diffusion according to CLSI guidelines. PCR test was used to identify and confirm the isolated Staphylococcus aureus and Virulence genes and resistance. The result showed that 53 samples (16.6%) of the 320 samples were contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiogram results showed that the most sensitivity and the most resistance to the antibiotic are for tobramycin antibiotics 100% tetracycline (15.09%) respectively. isolates 9 (16.98%) isolates of the 53 were resistant to methicillin in disk diffusion and 5 (9.5%) isolates had mecA resistance gene in PCR test. Due to high levels of Staphylococcus aureus food contamination the production and distribution of foods must be healthy controlled in order to prevent contamination and transmission of resistant strains of these microbes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

86 - Prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in Entrococcus faecalis isolated from meat in Shahrekord
Hamed Karimian الهه Tajbakhsh ebrahim rahimi

In the past two decades, Enterococci resistant to some antibiotics has gained widespread that it would cause complications in the treatment of infections caused by these bacteria. Since meat as a foodstuff consumed in Iran is common and easily contaminated wi More

In the past two decades, Enterococci resistant to some antibiotics has gained widespread that it would cause complications in the treatment of infections caused by these bacteria. Since meat as a foodstuff consumed in Iran is common and easily contaminated with bacteria therefore, we decided to detect frequency of antibiotic resistance genes in Enterococcus faecalis isolated from meat in Shahrekord. This cross sectional study was conducted on 104 samples of meat in 2016 in Shahrekord. Isolation of bacteria using by biochemical methods and confirmed with detection of 16srDNA gene, and antibiotic resistance genes isolates using by Kirby-Bauer method and molecular method for detection of tetM, ant (2'''')-I, erm B and aac (6'')/aph (2'') genes. Most bacterial resistance to streptomycin (2/95%) and sensitivity to vancomycin (100%) were estimated. Prevalence of ermB gene reported 76.9% and prevalence of aac (6'')/aph (2'') gene reported 40% in E. faecalis isolated. The results indicate that is not resistance to vancomycin in E. faecalis isolated from meat in Shahrekord, but high resistance to Streptomycin, Cefotaxime, Meropenem, Erythromycin, Tetracycline were found also found that ermB gene in E. faecalis high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant gene is the most abundant strength. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

87 - Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from rose water and herbal distillates in Kashan, 2018
Reza sharafati chaleshtori navid Mazroii Arani Elahe Alizadeh Alireza Etemadi

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic gram-negative and pathogenic bacterium that can be transmitted through food to humans. Antibiotic-resistant infections of this bacterium are a severe public health issue. This study aimed to determine the preval More

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic gram-negative and pathogenic bacterium that can be transmitted through food to humans. Antibiotic-resistant infections of this bacterium are a severe public health issue. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of P. aeruginosa strains isolated from rose water and herbal distillates in Kashan. In this cross-sectional study, 400 rose water and herbal distillate samples were randomized purchased of local markets in Kashan and evaluated for the occurrence of P. aeruginosa by culturing methods. The obtained isolates were subjected to the disc diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility tests. Out of 400 samples, 16 (4 %) samples were contaminated withP. aeruginosa. The 100 % of isolates were resistant to ticarcillin, ceftazidime, colistin, and gentamicin. Also, the 13 (81.25 %) samples were sensitive to imipenem. The results showed a high occurrence of the antibiotic resistance P. aeruginosa strains isolated from rose water and herbal distillates. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

88 - Study the prevalence rate and antibiotic resistance pattern of the Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from different types of vegetables and salads in Chaharmahal VA Bakhtiari province in Spring, 2017
Manouchehr Momeni shahraki Amir Shakerian Ebrahim Rahimi

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main causative agents of food poisoning in human. Occurrence of severe antibiotic resistances has increased the importance of this bacterium. The present study was carried out to assess the prevalence rate and antibiotic resistance pa More

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main causative agents of food poisoning in human. Occurrence of severe antibiotic resistances has increased the importance of this bacterium. The present study was carried out to assess the prevalence rate and antibiotic resistance pattern of S. aureus strains isolated from vegetable and salad samples in Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari Province. In this study, 485 samples of vegetable and salad were collected and immediately transferred to the laboratory. Samples were evaluated by microbial culture and the isolated S. aureus strains were analyzed for the antibiotic resistance pattern using the disk diffusion method. The prevalence rate of S. aureus in vegetable and salad samples were 16% and 11.91%, respectively. The highest (26.50%) and the lowest (6.72%) contamination rates were observed in Lordegan and Shahrekord cities. A Significant statistical difference was observed for the prevalence of S. aureus between vegetable and salad samples (P<0.05). S. aureus strains isolated from vegetable and salad samples had the highest prevalence of resistance against penicillin (95.58%), tetracycline (88.23%), ampicillin (79.41%), erythromycin (72.05%) and methicillin (70.58%) antibiotics. The lowest prevalence of antibiotic resistance was reported against imipenem (7.35%), chloramphenicol (22.05%), cotrimoxazol (26.47%) and co-amxiclave (29.41%). Judicious prescription of antibiotics according to the results of the disk diffusion method can reduce the risk of resistant S. aureus in vegetable and salad. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

89 - Study the frequency of enterotoxin encoding genes and antibiotic resistance pattern of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from vegetable and salad samples in Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari province
Manouchehr Momeni shahraki Amir Shakerian Ebrahim Rahimi Farhad Safarpoor Dehkordi

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the main emerging causative agents of antibiotic-resistant food poisoning in humans. The bacterium also has the ability to the production of heat resistant enterotoxin. The present study was done to asses More

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the main emerging causative agents of antibiotic-resistant food poisoning in humans. The bacterium also has the ability to the production of heat resistant enterotoxin. The present study was done to assess the prevalence rate, antibiotic resistance pattern, and frequency of enterotoxin encoding genes in methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains isolated from vegetable and salad samples. In this study, 485 samples of vegetables and salad were collected and immediately transferred to the laboratory. The microbial culture was used to isolate S. aureus, and methicillin-resistant strains were approved using cefoxitin and oxacillin disks. Antibiotic resistance patterns and frequency of enterotoxin encoding genes were analyzed using disk diffusion and PCR methods, respectively. The prevalence rate of methicillin-resistant S. aureus in vegetable and salad samples were 7.2% and 8.51%, respectively. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains had the highest antibiotic resistance against penicillin (100%), co-amoxiclav (100%), ampicillin (100%) and ceftriaxone (100%) antibiotics. The prevalence of resistance against imipenem (10.52%) and chloramphenicol (23.68%) was lower than other antibiotics. SEA (63.15%) and SEB (52.26%) were the most frequently detected enterotoxins in methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains. The simultaneous presence of multiple enterotoxin encoding genes and multiple resistance against several antibiotics in methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains isolated from vegetable, and salad samples represent an important health-related concern in this kind of food samples. Preventing uncontrolled administration of antibiotics can reduce the risk of enterotoxigenic methicillin-resistant S. aureus enterotoxin in vegetables and salads. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

90 - High tetracycline resistance alarm in Iran
sahar nouri Mohammad Nodargah

The bacterial resistance to antibiotics have become a worldwide health concern. Tetracycline has not been excluded, its low price and broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent activity have led to high consumption in the aspects of health care and food hygiene. Escherichia col More

The bacterial resistance to antibiotics have become a worldwide health concern. Tetracycline has not been excluded, its low price and broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent activity have led to high consumption in the aspects of health care and food hygiene. Escherichia coli is an indicator of bacterial species in food, human, and livestock health, which has led to a good model for studying antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the E.coli strains tetracycline resistance status in food, human and animal populations of Iran up to 2018. The discussion about food is important as a common area of human, animal populations and environment and also as one of the resistant strain transmission factors. A survey of the study’s results showed that the average resistance to Tetracycline in poultry with Colibacillosis 86/74 percent, human isolates 64/11 percent and food isolates are 60/9 percent. Regarding this level of resistance, it is recommended that the distribution and consumption of tetracycline in Iran should be discontinue for a period of time in order to reduce the population of resistant strains by other antibiotics and methods. The molecular epidemiology and affecting factors of resistance creation should be evaluate. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

91 - Study the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli O157 strains isolated from poultry meat in Isfahan in the summer of 2019
reza mousavi Ebrahim Rahimi Amir Shakerian

10.30495/jfm.2021.683628

Poultry meat is considered as one of the sources of Escherichia coli O157. The present study was performed to evaluate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli O157 isolates of poultry meat samples presented in Isfahan. In total, 500 meat samples wer More

Poultry meat is considered as one of the sources of Escherichia coli O157. The present study was performed to evaluate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli O157 isolates of poultry meat samples presented in Isfahan. In total, 500 meat samples were collected from diverse poultry samples supplied in Isfahan and evaluated for the presence of Escherichia coli O157 using microbial culture. Suspicious isolates were confirmed by PCR test. The pattern of antibiotic resistance of isolates was investigated using the antibiotic disk diffusion test. Forty-four out of a total of 500 samples (8.80%) were contaminated with Escherichia coli O157. The highest level of contamination was related to duck meat (16%) and the lowest was related to quail meat (3%). There was a statistically significant difference of P Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

92 - Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of meat of various birds infected with Arcobacter in sales centers of Isfahan province in four seasons of 2018
roya najafi ebrahim rahimi Amir Shakerian

10.30495/jfm.2022.683633

The genus Arcobacter, along with Campylobacter, belongs to the family Campylobacteriaceae. Arcobacteria are gram-negative, non-spore-forming, microaerophilic bacteria that can be distinguished from Campylobacter genus by growing in the presence of oxygen and at low temp More

The genus Arcobacter, along with Campylobacter, belongs to the family Campylobacteriaceae. Arcobacteria are gram-negative, non-spore-forming, microaerophilic bacteria that can be distinguished from Campylobacter genus by growing in the presence of oxygen and at low temperatures.These rod-shaped bacteria are S-shaped or spiral. Arcobacter butzleri is the most common species of this genus; it is known as an emerging zoonotic pathogen. The main aim of the present research was to evaluate the prevalence of Arcobacter butzleri in the poultry meat sold in the sales centers of Isfahan province.More specifically, this study examined different types of poultry meat for their potential infection with Arcobacter species. Accordingly , the samples were collected in Isfahan province during four seasons; then they were transferred with ice to the Food Quality Control Laboratory of Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord branch.For the isolation of Arcobacter species, 10 g of each homogenized sample of meat was transferred to Arcobacter selective broth (ASB), which included the selected CAT supplement , and incubated for 2-4 days at 42 ° C; then the blood agar was cultured linearly in specific Arcobacter media. The plates were incubated for 2-4 days at the temperature of 42 ° C under aerobic conditions.Typical colonies were cultured in Brucella Agar medium under the same conditions; then the pure cultures were evaluated in terms of their phenotypic characteristics, catalase activity and nitrate reduction. To confirm the diagnosis and differentiation of Arcobacter species, DNA extraction was carried out by applying a DNA extraction kit Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

93 - Prevalence of Staphylococci spp and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern isolated from foodstuffs in Isfahan in 2015-2016
sina mobasherizadeh Laleh Hoveida behrooz ataei sodabeh rostami Abaas Ataei

10.30495/jfm.2021.683638

In developing countries, the presence and diversity of Staphylococcus species in foodstuffs have not been comprehensively studied. So, the present study aimed to investigate the dissemination of Staphylococcus spp. and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern isolated More

In developing countries, the presence and diversity of Staphylococcus species in foodstuffs have not been comprehensively studied. So, the present study aimed to investigate the dissemination of Staphylococcus spp. and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern isolated from foodstuffs in Isfahan in 2015-2016. A total of 194 foodstuff samples were collected from different parts of Isfahan city and processed for the presence of Staphylococcus spp. The conventional tests were used for the primary detection of bacteria and the sequence analysis of 16S rRNA was used for the species identification. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates was determined by the disk diffusion method. From a total of 194 food samples, 92 Gram-positive cocci (47.5%) were isolated. Of them, 84 isolates were Staphylococcus spp., 7 Macrococcus spp and one Micrococcus spp. The most prevalent species were S. aureus 25% (21/84), S. vitulinus 15.5% (13/84) and S. succinus sub casei 11.9% (10/84). The most antibiotic resistance rates were against penicillin (59/5%) and tetracycline (20.2%) while the lowest antibiotic resistance rates were observed for levofloxacin, rifampicin, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin. Characterization of Staphylococcus species is important for epidemiological investigations. Proper identification and management practices including analysis of 16S rRNA for the species identification should be considered to increase food safety and prevent extra treatment costs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

94 - Prevalence, antibiotic resistance and frequency of virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from raw and frozen meat
Manizhe Rezaloo Abbasali Motalebi Zohreh Mashak Seyed Amir Ali Anvar

10.30495/jfm.2022.1951461.1762

Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains are considered as the main causes of food spoilage and occasionally foodborne diseases. The present study was performed to evaluate the pattern of antibiotic resistance and frequency of virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains i More

Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains are considered as the main causes of food spoilage and occasionally foodborne diseases. The present study was performed to evaluate the pattern of antibiotic resistance and frequency of virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from meat. A total of 120 samples of raw and frozen meat were collected. Samples were evaluated for the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa using conventional microbial culture. The pattern of antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates was evaluated using the disk diffusion method. Genomic DNA was extracted from Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates and the frequency of virulence factors was assessed using the polymerase chain reaction. Eleven out of 120 meat samples (9.16%) were contaminated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in raw and curled meat samples was 5.00 and 13.33%, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa between raw and frozen meat samples (P <0.05). Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates had the highest rate of antibiotic resistance against ampicillin (100%), penicillin (90.90%) and tetracycline (81.81%). The prevalence of resistance to imipenem (9.09%) and trimethoprim (18.18%) antibiotics was lower than other cases. ExoU (54.54%) and exoT (18.18%) genes were the most frequent virulence factors detected. The simultaneous presence of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from raw and frozen meat increases the need for further studies to confirm the role of this bacterium as an important food-spoilage bacterium. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

95 - Prevalence and antibiotic resistance profile of enterotoxin-producing S. aureus isolated from creamy pastries
Zahra Hashemi Mojtaba Bonyadian Hamdallah Moshtaghi

The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of enterotoxin-producing S.aureus in creamy pastries presented in confectionery in Shahrekord and to determine their antibiotic resistance. One hundred fifty samples were randomly selected from creamy pastries. Microbi More

The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of enterotoxin-producing S.aureus in creamy pastries presented in confectionery in Shahrekord and to determine their antibiotic resistance. One hundred fifty samples were randomly selected from creamy pastries. Microbial tests for isolation of S. aureus were performed by culturing in a nutrient broth and then cultured on a Beards Parker agar and suspected colonies were confirmed by standard complementary tests including gram staining, catalase test, and coagulase. Isolates were tested for presence of enterotoxin genes (A, B, C, D) by Multiplex PCR. Antibiotic resistance was determined by the disk diffusion method. Overall, 38 (25.3%) samples were contaminated with S. aureus. 21 isolates (28%) and 17 isolates (22.7%) were related to summer and winter samples respectively. Thirteen isolates (29%) of S. aureus contained enterotoxin genes. 11 isolates (84. 61%) contained SEA, and 2 isolates (5.3%) contained the SEC gene. Totally, 9 (70%) enterotoxigenic isolates were related to summer and 30% to winter samples. None of the isolates had SEB, SED genes. Four (30%) enterotoxigenic isolates related to creamy pastry and 9 (70%) to creamy bread. Antibiogram test showed that the highest sensitivity to sulfamethoxazole (97.36%) and erythromycin (63.15%). Also, all enterotoxigenic isolates were resistant to penicillin and 95% with SEA gene were resistant to erythromycin and ciprofloxacin.The results of present study revealed that contamination of creamy pastries with S. aureus capable of producing enterotoxin and resistance to some antibiotics. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

96 - Genotypic and Phenotypic Pattern of Antibiotic Resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated from Traditional Butter and Cream in Isfahan
Nahal Salimi Mohammad Ahmadi Ebrahim Rahimi

10.30495/jfm.2022.683636

Acinetobacter species are saprophytic and have emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen. In this study, 100 samples of traditional butter and cream, were evaluated for the presence of the A. baumannii. The A. baumannii isolates were genotyped based on virulence genes More

Acinetobacter species are saprophytic and have emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen. In this study, 100 samples of traditional butter and cream, were evaluated for the presence of the A. baumannii. The A. baumannii isolates were genotyped based on virulence genes and phenotype according to antibiotic resistance patterns. The results showed that from 50 samples of butter and cream, 2 samples (4%) and 1 sample (2%) were contaminated with A. baumannii. Antibiotic resistance examination showed that all isolates were resistant to the antibiotics of meropenem, imipenem, chloramphenicol, methicillin, carbapenem and fusidic acid. The most abundant genes encoding antibiotic resistance in A. baumannii strains were tetA, tetB, dfrA1, aac (3) -IV, sul1, cnf2, csgA, jurA, citm, blasHV, aadA1 and Aac3IV. The results also showed that the most abundant virulent genes in A. baumannii strains that detected from traditional milk and dairy products were fimH, papC, Pai and kpsmTII, respectively. It is recommended to use a preventive method to reduce or eradicate A. baumannii from the human food chain and to prevent the spread of infection. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

97 - Occurrence and antibiotic resistance of Enterococcus faecalis strains isolated from fish and shrimp caught from the Persian Gulf
Neda Noroozi Hassan Momtaz Elahe Tajbakhsh

10.30495/jfm.2022.1938722.1730

The present study was performed to evaluate the occurrence and pattern of antibiotic resistance of Enterococcus faecalis strains isolated from fish and shrimp samples caught from the Persian Gulf. A total of 240 seafood samples caught from the Persian Gulf, including 12 More

The present study was performed to evaluate the occurrence and pattern of antibiotic resistance of Enterococcus faecalis strains isolated from fish and shrimp samples caught from the Persian Gulf. A total of 240 seafood samples caught from the Persian Gulf, including 120 fish and 120 shrimp samples were collected from Bushehr province. The presence of E. faecalis was confirmed using microbial culture and biochemical tests. The pattern of antibiotic resistance of E. faecalis isolates was evaluated using Disc Diffusion Method. Fifty-four out of 240 (22.50%) samples were contaminated with E. faecalis. The contamination of E. faecalis in fish and shrimp samples were 30% and 15 percent, respectively. E. faecalis strains isolated from fish and shrimp samples had the highest resistance to gentamicin (100%), tetracycline (100%), erythromycin (100%), cefazolin (90.74%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (88.88%) antibiotics. Resistance to chloramphenicol was not observed in any of the isolates. The results of the study showed that fish and shrimp can be considered as possible sources of antibiotic-resistant E. faecalis. Therefore, complete cooking of seafood before consumption, observance of hygiene in fishing and sale centers and prescribing antibiotics according to the results of the disk diffusion test can prevent gastrointestinal infections caused by antibiotic-resistant strains of E. faecalis. Manuscript profile

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98 - Detection and antibiotic resistance pattern of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from curd and cheese
Rahil Kiyanpour Berjoee Hassan Momtaz Lida Lotfollahi zahra bamzaheh

10.30495/jfm.2022.1943942.1741

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that causes listeriosis in humans and animals. Microbial contamination of food usually leads to widespread food poisoning in the form of widespread epidemics in the region, which is very significant in terms of public healt More

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that causes listeriosis in humans and animals. Microbial contamination of food usually leads to widespread food poisoning in the form of widespread epidemics in the region, which is very significant in terms of public health and is one of the most important issues in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the contamination of Listeria monocytogenes in dairy products using culture method and final confirmation by PCR method. In this study, 150 different dairy samples offered in the market were purchased randomly. The samples were transferred to the laboratory under hygienic conditions and examined. In addition to culture medium experiments, positive samples were evaluated for final confirmation and identification of the pathogen by molecular PCR.14 (9.33%) positive samples including 6 samples of white cheese (4%), 4 samples of cream cheese (2.6%), and 3 samples of curd (2%) were positive for contamination. Antimicrobial susceptibility to 16 antibiotics was highly sensitive to clindamycin (47.37%). It is noteworthy that it was resistant to several drugs.The presence of Listeria monocytogenes in dairy products (cheese, cream cheese, and whey) was proven. Based on the results, people who consume contaminated dairy products are at potential risk of listeriosis. As a result, food safety authorities must establish an effective standard for examining the presence of Listeria in food. Manuscript profile

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99 - Evaluation of the prevalence rate and antibiotic resistance pattern of Bacillus cereus in infant formula and foods containing formula
Beigom Omidi Shila Safaian Nahid RahimiFard Rezvan Mosavi Nadoshen Babak Porakbari

10.30495/jfm.2023.1977383.1802

The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the antibiotic resistance pattern of Bacillus cereus in ice cream, cake, cheese, and infant formula. For this purpose, 600 samples were prepared from food sales centers in Tehran and transferred to the quality c More

The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the antibiotic resistance pattern of Bacillus cereus in ice cream, cake, cheese, and infant formula. For this purpose, 600 samples were prepared from food sales centers in Tehran and transferred to the quality control laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Tehran University of Medical Sciences and cultured on the special culture medium of Bacillus cereus, MYP, which contained polymyxin B supplement and egg yolk. Then, from the pink colonies, gram staining and catalase test were performed and the sensitivity of the isolated bacteria to ampicillin, penicillin, vancomycin, cefazolin, methicillin, cefixime, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, cefepime and tetracycline was evaluated based on the disc diffusion method. According to the results, no contamination with B. cereus was observed in any of the cake, cheese and ice cream samples. However, out of 150 infant formula samples, 30 samples were infected with B. cereus (18 samples < 10 CFU/g, 7 samples had 10-102 CFU/g, and 5 samples>102 CFU/g). B. cereus isolated from infant formula has the highest sensitivity to vancomycin (67.76%), tetracycline (70%), and chloramphenicol (33.63%) antibiotics and had the highest level of resistance to penicillin (100%), cefixime antibiotics (100%) and ampicillin (67.96%). The general results indicated a significant prevalence of B. cereus in the tested milk, which due to the growing trend of using milk powder and more importance to the quality and health evaluation of milk powders for consumption, contamination investigation and preventive approaches should be given more attention. Manuscript profile

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100 - Determining antibiotic resistance pattern in Enterobacter cloacae strains isolated from checken and sheep meat in Shahrekord city
elahe barzam الهه تاج بخش Hassan Momtaz

Usually, contaminated food is one of the main causes of human infections, and in this case, poultry meat and sheep are considered as the main causes. Enterobacter cloacae strains, having different virulence factors and multiple antibiotic resistance are mainly considere More

Usually, contaminated food is one of the main causes of human infections, and in this case, poultry meat and sheep are considered as the main causes. Enterobacter cloacae strains, having different virulence factors and multiple antibiotic resistance are mainly considered as an opportunistic pathogen. In this research, the isolation of Enterobacter cloacae from chicken and sheep meat samples in Shahrekord in 2019 was done by microbial and molecular methods. Antibiotic resistance pattern was determined by disc diffusion method and microtitre plate method was used to check biofilm production. The ability to produce broad-spectrum β-lactamase enzymes was investigated through phenotypic and genotypic methods. Out of 384 examined samples, Enterobacter cloacae were identified in 25 samples (6.51%) which also confirmed in the presence of the hsp60 in molecular analysis. Among these, 18 samples were related to chicken meat (72%) and 7 samples (28%) were related to sheep meat. The highest antibiotic resistance to cotrimoxazole and cefotaxime was reported in 20 isolates (80%) and the lowest resistance to nitrofuranthein was reported in 15 isolates (23.8%). In microtiter method. 15 isolates (60%) showed strong biofilm reaction, 10 isolates (40%) showed moderate biofilm reaction. The present study indicates that ESBL-producing Enterobacter cloacae strains have a relatively high prevalence. The increase in the number of these strains is often caused by the irrational prescription of antibiotics, which requires the use of new antimicrobial agents,. Manuscript profile

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101 - Prevalence, Antibiotic Resistance Pattern, and Frequency of Enterotoxin Coding Genes in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Isolated from Some Ready-to-Eat Foods
Manouchehr Momeni shahraki S. Siavash Saei-Dehkordi Zahra Hemati

10.30495/jfm.2023.1989912.1824

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a significant pathogen to induce food poisoning in humans. This bacterium possesses the ability to produce heat-resistant enterotoxins. This investigation examined the prevalence, antibiotic resistance pa More

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a significant pathogen to induce food poisoning in humans. This bacterium possesses the ability to produce heat-resistant enterotoxins. This investigation examined the prevalence, antibiotic resistance patterns, and frequency of enterotoxin coding genes in MRSAisolates obtained from ready-to-eat foods. One hundred and twenty-five samples of ready-to-eat food were collected and transported to the laboratory on ice. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated using microbial culture, and MRSAisolates were confirmed using cefoxitin and oxacillin discs. The antibiotic resistance patterns and frequency of enterotoxin coding genes were determined through disc diffusion and PCR methods, respectively. The prevalence of MRSAwas 68.42%, 66.66%, 62.5%, and 28.57% in pounded kebab, grilled chicken, hamburger, and sausage samples, respectively. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains exhibited the highest resistance to penicillin (100%), doxycycline (80.64%), tetracycline (77.41%), and erythromycin (70.96%). The isolates exhibited the lowest resistance against vancomycin and rifampin (22.58%). The prevalence of enterotoxin genes, SEA and SEG, was reported as 58.06% and 61.29%, respectively. The simultaneous presence of multiple enterotoxin coding genes and resistance to various antibiotics in MRSAstrains isolated from ready-to-eat food samples highlights a significant health concern within this food category. Preventing the indiscriminate use of antibiotics can mitigate the risk of methicillin-resistant enterotoxin-producing Staphylococcus aureus in ready-to-eat foods. Manuscript profile

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102 - Study of the contamination of traditional cheeses produced in Maragheh city to Escherichia coli O157:H7
Saman Mahdavi

Abstract This study was conducted in villages of Maragheh city to determine the contamination of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in traditional cheeses. A total of 100 cheese samples were cultured in Tryptic soy broth containing cefixime and then they were transferred to Mac More

Abstract This study was conducted in villages of Maragheh city to determine the contamination of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in traditional cheeses. A total of 100 cheese samples were cultured in Tryptic soy broth containing cefixime and then they were transferred to Mac conkey sorbitol agar containing cefixime and potassium tellurite. Suspicious colonies were stained (Gram staining) and identified by IMVC and other tests. Isolated Escherichia coli were tested for detection of O and H serotypes by direct agglutination method. Cheese samples were also tested for pH and NaCl content. Antibiogram test was done on Escherichia coli isolates by Kirby-bauer’s method. No Escherichia coli O157:H7was detected in the studied samples. In this study, other serotypes of Escherichia coli were isolated containing 32 non O157 serotypes. These serotypes including, Enteropathogenic (O55, O127, O86, O114, O44, O126, O125), Enterotoxigenic (O20, O128) and Verotoxigenic (O26, O111). All of the isolated strains were resistant to Ampicillin and Polymyxin B. The effect of prevalence ratio of Escherichia coli serotypes from pH and NaCl content was not significant statistically (p>0.05). From the results of this study it seems that traditional cheese could be a potent carrier to transmit the various serotype of Escherichia coli and cause disease in human. Manuscript profile

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103 - Evaluation of antibacterial effects of Onions, methanol extracts and some antibiotics against the number of food born bacteria
yones Anzabi Afshin javadi

In this study, antibacterial effects of methanol extracts of red Onions with the scientific name; Allium cepa L.by the method of determining of MIC and MBC andthen perform antibiotic susceptibility test by the agar disk diffusion method onthe standard strains of some ba More

In this study, antibacterial effects of methanol extracts of red Onions with the scientific name; Allium cepa L.by the method of determining of MIC and MBC andthen perform antibiotic susceptibility test by the agar disk diffusion method onthe standard strains of some bacteria in terms of food hygiene and were compared with the effects of some antibiotics.Results showed that the highest inhibitory effect was on Yersinia enterocolitica and Clostridium perfrigenes (MIC=62.5µg/mL) and the lowest same effect was on Staphylococcos aureus(MIC=500µg/mL).As well as the most bactericidal effect was on Yersinia enterocolitica (MBC=62.5µg/mL) and the lowest same effect was on Staphylococcos aureus (MBC=1000µg/mL).Also the results ofantibiogram tests indicated that the onions, methanol extracts have optimum antibacterial effect to the effects of the Vancomycin and Nalidixic acid as standard antibiotics and the greatest impact of this terms submitted on Clostridium perfrigenes(gram-positive bacteria) and Yersinia enterocolitica(gram-negative bacteria) thatstatistically; in the range of p Manuscript profile

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104 - فعالیت ضد باکتریایی گیاهان دارویی نیجریه به عنوان دارو برای مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی: یک بررسی سیستماتیک
آدام مصطفی اوبی چیدیبر فاسوگبون ویکتور مشلیا باتا نوحو تانکو مایکل یاکوبو زنوح علی آلگب دیوید

10.30495/medherb.2022.698251

Background & Aim: Antibiotic resistance is one of the global public health threats facing modern health care system. The development of new effective agents has been challenging. Thus, the interest in the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of bacterial infect More

Background & Aim: Antibiotic resistance is one of the global public health threats facing modern health care system. The development of new effective agents has been challenging. Thus, the interest in the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of bacterial infections has increased. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review Nigerian medicinal plants with antibacterial activity.Experimental: This study retrieved data from published articles on Nigerian medicinal plants with antibacterial activity. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were adopted. A systematic search of PUBMED CENTRAL was conducted. The included studies were those published in peer-reviewed English language journals between 1st January 2000 and 31st December 2020 and reported on the key terms; Nigerian medicinal plants with antibacterial activity. Results: The database searches yielded a total of 817 results, and 765 articles were ineligible. After reviewing relevant titles and abstracts, a total of 52 articles on antibacterial were retrieved for full text review. After extensive review of each article, 13 articles were excluded and a total of 39 articles were retained. Furthermore, 4 articles were also removed due to lack of specific compounds stated. Finally, only 35 articles met the inclusion criteria for the assessment of antibacterial activity of Nigerian medicinal plants. The narrative synthesis of the included studies revealed different plants families with broad activities against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Among the bacterial isolates, Staphylococcus aureus was tested more, followed by Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the bacteria were subjected to 97 medicinal plants species for antibacterial activity.Recommended applications/industries: The results from this study reveal that many Nigerian medicinal plants contain bioactive compounds with potentials of antibacterial activity and suggest that they could be employed as alternative in the treatment of bacterial infections after safety profiles is appraised. Manuscript profile

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105 - مقایسه اثرات ضد باکتریایی عصاره های اوکالیپتوس (Eucalyptus globules Labill) و پنیرک (Malva neglecta Wallr)
مجید دوست محمدی پیمان عبداله زاده حامد علیزاده

مقدمه و هدف: نتایج مطالعات زیادی نشان می دهد که بسیاری از گیاهان می توانند بدون بروز اثرات مضر و ایجاد مقاومت های آنتی بیوتیکی در درمان بیماری های باکتریایی به کار برده شوند. اوکالیپتوس و پنیرک از گیاهان دارویی بومی ایران بوده که به علت وجود ترکیبات شیمیایی مختلف، دارای More

مقدمه و هدف: نتایج مطالعات زیادی نشان می دهد که بسیاری از گیاهان می توانند بدون بروز اثرات مضر و ایجاد مقاومت های آنتی بیوتیکی در درمان بیماری های باکتریایی به کار برده شوند. اوکالیپتوس و پنیرک از گیاهان دارویی بومی ایران بوده که به علت وجود ترکیبات شیمیایی مختلف، دارای فعالیت ضد میکروبی علیه برخی از باکتری ها می باشند. هدف از این مطالعه، مقایسه اثرات ضد میکروبی گیاهان دارویی اوکالیپتوس و پنیرک بر روی باکتری های استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس، انتروکوکوس فکالیس، سالمونلا تیفی موریوم و سودوموناس آئروژینوزا می باشد..روش تحقیق: در این مطالعه ابتدا عصاره های آبی، اتانولی، استونی و کلروفرمی از برگ های خشک شده اوکالیپتوس و پنیرک تهیه شدند. سپس میزان MIC و MBC عصاره ها با روش رقت سازی و اثر وابسته به دوز عصاره ها نیز با روش انتشار چاهکی در آگار انجام گردید.نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان دادند که عصاره های هر دو گیاه دارای فعالیت ضد میکروبی علیه باکتری های مورد آزمایش می باشند، اما اثرات ضد میکروبی انواع عصاره های اوکالیپتوس نسبت به پنیرک بیشتر است و این عصاره ها می توانند در ساخت داروهای جدید با منشا گیاهی به کار گرفته شوند.توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: با توجه به مشاهده اثر ضد میکروبی در عصاره های اکالیپتوس و پنیرک در این مطالعه توصیه می شود پس از مطالعات انسانی، داروهای گیاهی از این گیاهان تهیه عرضه شود. Manuscript profile

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106 - Effects of metal oxide catalysts on the photodegradation of antibiotics effluent
Chaimaa EL Bekkali Habiba Bouyarmane Said Laasri Abdelaziz Laghzizil Ahmed Saoiabi

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107 - Probiotics Improve Productive Performance and Carcass Ultrasonographic Quality of Steers under Grazing during Dry-Water Transition Season
N.F. Neves C.A. Pedrini E.R. Oliveira O.F.C. Marques J.T. Silva R.A.S. Becker W.S. Gouvea A.R.M. Fernandes J.R. Gandra

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108 - Intake, Digestibility, and Rumen Metabolism of Feedlot Lambs Supplemented either Monensin or Increasing Doses of Copaiba (Copaifera spp.) Essential oil
E.R. Oliveira F.S.S. Abreu A.M.A. Gabriel O.F.C. Marques J.T. Silva N.F. Neves H.F. Durães E.R.S. Gandra J.R. Gandra

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109 - The Potential Use of Essential Oil Nanoemulsion as a Novel Alternative to Antibiotics in Poultry Production-A Review
آ.پ. باسکارا ب. آریادی ن.ر. دونو ر. مارتین ز. زوپریزال

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110 - Comparative Study of Probiotic, Acidifier, Antibiotic Growth Promoters and Prebiotic on Activity of HumoralImmune and Performance Parameters of Broiler Chickens
S. Mahdavi A. Zakeri Y. Mehmannavaz A. Nobakht

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111 - اثرات سطوح مختلف نشاسته مقاوم بر عملکرد رشد و مرفولوژی ایلئوم در جوجه‌های گوشتی: در مقایسه با فروکتوالیگوساکارید و زینک باسیتراسین
ک. لطفی ع. مهدوی ا. جبلی جوان ح. استاجی ب. دارابی‌قانع

این مطالعه به منظور بررسی اثرات سطوح مختلف نشاسته مقاوم بر عملکرد و مرفولوژی ایلئوم در جوجههای گوشتی در مقایسه با فروکتوالیگوساکارید و زینک باسیتراسین انجام شد. گروههای آزمایشی شامل گروه کنترل (جیره پایه بدون افزودنی)، چهار گروه دریافتکننده سطوح مختلف نشا More

این مطالعه به منظور بررسی اثرات سطوح مختلف نشاسته مقاوم بر عملکرد و مرفولوژی ایلئوم در جوجههای گوشتی در مقایسه با فروکتوالیگوساکارید و زینک باسیتراسین انجام شد. گروههای آزمایشی شامل گروه کنترل (جیره پایه بدون افزودنی)، چهار گروه دریافتکننده سطوح مختلف نشاسته مقاوم نوع 2 (شامل سطوح 1، 2، 3 و 4 درصد نشاسته مقاوم در جیره پایه)، گروه دریافتکننده فروکتو الیگوساکارید (به میزان 4/0 درصد در جیره پایه) و گروه دریافتکننده زینک باسیتراسین (به میزان 50 میلی گرم در هر کیلوگرم جیره پایه) بودند. نتایج خوراک مصرفی در روز 35 نشان داد که گروههای دریافتکننده 2 و 3 درصد نشاسته مقاوم تفاوت معنیداری با گروههای دریافتکننده فروکتو الیگوساکارید و زینک باسیتراسین ندارند. بیشترین وزن بدن و کمترین ضریب تبدیل خوراک در گروه دریافتکننده زینک باسیتراسین مشاهده شد (05/0P<). وزن بدن جوجهها در گروههای دریافتکننده 3 و 4 درصد نشاسته مقاوم تفاوت معنیداری با گروه دریافتکننده فروکتوالیگوساکارید نداشتند. گروههای دریافتکننده 3 و 4 درصد نشاسته مقاوم طول پرز بالاتر (05/0P<) و عمق کریپت کمتری در مقایسه با گروه دریافتکننده فروکتوالیگوساکارید داشتند. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که گروه دریافتکننده زینک باسیتراسین عملکرد بهتری نسبت به سایر گروهها داشته است؛ به نظر میرسد افزودن 3 و 4 درصد نشاسته مقاوم به جیره جوجههای گوشتی، عملکردی مشابه با فروکتوالیگوساکارید دارد. Manuscript profile

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112 - Effects of Sodium Butyrate and Rosemary Leaf Meal on General Performance, Carcass Traits, Organ Sizes and Nutrient Digestibility of Broiler Chickens
M.C. Ogwuegbu C.E. Oyeagu H.O. Edeh C.E. Dim A.O. Ani F.B. Lewu

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113 - Live Yeast Supplementation for Heifers (F1 Angus × Nellore) in Intensive Grazing Finishing System
C.A. Pedrini J.R. Gandra E.R. Oliveira A.R.M. Fernandes F.S. Machado E.R.S. Gandra

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114 - Assessing of Peppermint as a Replacement for Antibiotic and Probiotic Using Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution
H. Lotfollahian H. Hajati S.A. Hossieni A.H. Alizadeh-Ghamsari S. Tasharofi

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115 - مقایسه اثرات افزودن پودر زنجبیل و آویلامایسین به جیره بر عملکرد و شمارش باکتری سالمونلای روده جوجه های گوشتی در معرض چالش سالمونلایی
ع.ا. صادقی و. ایزدی پ. شورنگ م. چمنی م. امین‌افشار

مطالعه حاضر به منظور تعیین اثرات افزودن پودر زنجبیل به جیره بر عملکرد جوجه‌های گوشتی در معرض چالش سالمونلا و مقایسه اثرات آن با آویلامایسین، به عنوان محرک رشد بود. آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 300 قطعه جوجه گوشتی در شش تیمار و پنج تکرار انجام شد و به هر تکرار 10 More

مطالعه حاضر به منظور تعیین اثرات افزودن پودر زنجبیل به جیره بر عملکرد جوجه‌های گوشتی در معرض چالش سالمونلا و مقایسه اثرات آن با آویلامایسین، به عنوان محرک رشد بود. آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 300 قطعه جوجه گوشتی در شش تیمار و پنج تکرار انجام شد و به هر تکرار 10 قطعه جوجه اختصاص یافت. تیمارها شامل کنترل منفی (جیره پایه بدون زنجبیل و بدون آویلامایسین و بدون چالش سالمونلایی)، کنترل مثبت (جیره پایه بدون زنجبیل، بدون آویلامایسین و با چالش سالمونلایی)، گروه دریافت‌کننده زنجبیل (5 گرم در کیلوگرم، بدون چالش)، گروه دریافت‌کننده زنجبیل در معرض چالش (5 گرم در کیلوگرم با چالش سالمونلایی)، گروه دریافت‌کننده آنتی‌بیوتیک (100 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم آویلامایسین بدون چالش سالمونلایی) و گروه دریافت‌کننده آویلامایسین در معرض چالش (100 میلی‌گرم آویلامایسین با چالش سالمونلایی) بود. کمترین میانگین مرگ‌و‌میر به گروه دریافت‌کننده آنتی‌بیوتیک و بیشترین میانگین مرگ‌و‌میر به گروه کنترل مثبت تعلق داشت. افزودن زنجبیل به جیره جوجه‌های در معرض چالش سالمونلایی در مقایسه با گروه کنترل مثبت مرگ‌و‌میر کمتری داشت. کمترین افزایش وزن روزانه مربوط به گروه کنترل مثبت بود. افزودن زنجبیل یا آویلامایسین به جیره سبب افزایش معنی‌دار (05/0P<) افزایش وزن روزانه شد، البته اثر آویلامایسین بیشتر از زنجبیل بود. در کل دوره (42 روزه) چالش سالمونلایی سبب افزایش ضریب تبدیل غذایی شد و افزودن آویلامایسین و زنجبیل به جیره سبب کاهش معنی‌دار (05/0P<) آن شد، البته اثر آویلامایسین بیشتر از زنجبیل بود. به‌طور کلی چنین نتیجه‌گیری شد که افزودن پودر زنجبیل به جیره، سبب بهبود عملکرد جوجه‌های گوشتی بدون چالش و در معرض چالش سالمونلایی شد و در مقایسه کارآیی زنجبیل کمتر از آویلامایسین بر عملکرد بود. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

116 - Effect of Antibiotics and Essential Oils on Postharvest Life and Quality Characteristics of Chrysanthemum Cut Flower
Davood Hashemabadi Mohammad Zarchini Shokrollah Hajivand Somayyeh Zarchini

Chrysanthemum cut flower is not sensitive to ethylene and its vase life depends on vascular blockage. In order to evaluating of effect of antibiotics and essential oils on the vase life and quality characteristics of chrysanthemum cut flower an experiment carried out ba More

Chrysanthemum cut flower is not sensitive to ethylene and its vase life depends on vascular blockage. In order to evaluating of effect of antibiotics and essential oils on the vase life and quality characteristics of chrysanthemum cut flower an experiment carried out based on a RCD with 10 treatments: Artemisia at 3 levels (10, 30 and 50 %), amoxicillin at 3 levels (100, 200 and 300 mg l-1), Rifampin at 3 levels (100, 200 and 300 mg l-1) and the control plants in 3 replications. Analysis of variance showed that effect of treatments on measured traits was significant at p£0.05 or p£0.01. Mean comparisons also revealed that 30% of Artemisia oil, 200 mg l-1 amoxicillin and 200 mg l-1 rifampin caused the longest vase life, the highest preservative solution uptake. petal's soluble protein contents, leaf chlorophyll and maximum fresh weight. Manuscript profile

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117 - Prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of Acinetobacter spp. infections in Shahrekord medical centers
Tohid Piri Gharaghie Abbas Doosti Seyed Abbas Mirzaei

10.30495/jdb.2021.686587

the study estimated the prevalence and pattern of antimicrobial resistance of Acinetobacter spp. isolate from different clinical specimens. Primer design for Acinetobacter spp. was performed with Bioinformatics software Primer Express and Gene Runner. Primer authenticat More

the study estimated the prevalence and pattern of antimicrobial resistance of Acinetobacter spp. isolate from different clinical specimens. Primer design for Acinetobacter spp. was performed with Bioinformatics software Primer Express and Gene Runner. Primer authentication was performed by BLASTn online tool and Sequence Match program. Acinetobacter isolates were identified from different clinical specimens by standard biochemical methods and PCR tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests and biofilm detection were performed for isolates identified by standard disk diffusion method according to CLSI‌ protocol and Microtiter plate. Acinetobacter spp. were identified by designed primer with Query Cover and Per. Ident 100%. From 60 clinical samples, 243 bacterial isolates were obtained. 131 isolates (53.9%) were related to gram-positive bacteria and 112 isolates (46.09%) were gram-negative bacteria, of which 43 isolates (17.69%) Were identified as Acinetobacter spp. According to the PCR test, 31 strains (77.5%) were identified as Acinetobacter baumannii, 7 strains (17.5%) as Acinetobacter lwoffii, 2 strains (5%) as Acinetobacter junii. Antibiotic susceptibility study showed that all isolated strains were MDR and 87.5% of isolates were XDR. However, only 12.5% of the isolates were sensitive to carbapenems, All Acinetobacter isolates were biofilm positive and were identified as strong biofilms with a total mean of 0.213. According to the study, it is clear that infection with Acinetobacter can lead to significant challenges in the country's health care system in the future. To this end, finding solutions to prevent infection of this bacterial genus, especially Acinetobacter baumannii, is very important and necessary. Manuscript profile

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118 - Investigating the Antimicrobial Effects of Nisome Nontaining Savory Plant (Satureja macrantha)Extract on the Pathogen Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
Fahimeh Najafi Fatemehsadat Valizadeh simin nabizadeh Ali Asghar Bagheri Amir Mirzaei

10.30495/jdb.2023.1975638.1346

The savory(Satureja macrantha) belongs to the mint family, it is an annual or multi-year plant, Iran has 12 annual or multi-year grass species. In many studies, antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal, antispasmodic, stomach strengthening and digestion facilitating propert More

The savory(Satureja macrantha) belongs to the mint family, it is an annual or multi-year plant, Iran has 12 annual or multi-year grass species. In many studies, antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal, antispasmodic, stomach strengthening and digestion facilitating properties of this genus have been reported. Nisome is a important surfactant-based non-ionic vesicle. Niosomes offer several advantages for drug delivery systems, including osmotically active, chemical stability and long retention time compared to liposomes. In the present study, niosomes extracted from as a drug are dynamically evaluated by calorimetric method (Folin's method). In this study niosomes formulation containing Satureja macrantha extract, in order to achieve the optimal formulation, different formulations were prepared based on the molar ratio of Span 60/Tween 60, cholesterol and with a sonication time of 7 minutes. The niosomes extracted from the savory plant significantly inhibited the activity of the two bacteria(Staphylococcus aureus ) and (Escherichia coli) tested in the present study. Manuscript profile

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119 - Synthesis and characterization of copper oxide/graphene oxide naanocomposite functionalized with nanoplatinum for efficient adsorption of cefixime antibiotic from aqueous solutions
Payam Arabkhani Arash Asfaram

10.30495/jacr.2023.1981552.2105

Cefixime is one of the most widely used antibiotics in the world that its presence in the environment, even at low concentrations, causes serious health problems. The current study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the efficiency of copper oxide/graphene oxide na More

Cefixime is one of the most widely used antibiotics in the world that its presence in the environment, even at low concentrations, causes serious health problems. The current study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the efficiency of copper oxide/graphene oxide nanocomposite functionalized with nanoplatinum as an efficient nano adsorbent in removing cefixime antibiotic from aqueous solutions. For this purpose, the effect of the main operating variables on the efficiency of the adsorbent in antibiotic removal was studied and optimized with the surface response method. Also, the adsorption behavior was investigated by isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies. The results showed that under optimal conditions, the experimental removal efficiency of cefixime was 99.38±1.25% and the Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity was calculated to be 213.41 mg g-1. Also, thermodynamic studies indicated the adsorption process was spontaneous in nature, endothermic, and reversible. The obtained results showed the potential ability of the presented nanocomposite in removing cefixime from polluted water. Manuscript profile

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120 - A Consideration on against antibiotic and heavy metals resistance in isolated bacteria from intestine organ of Anzali Lagoon’s Cyprinus Carpio
Sh. Safaeian H. Hosseiny A. Esmaili Z. Moghaddam H. Vakili َAmini

Sampling of wild Common carps from Anzali Lagoon was operated in winter and spring 2009 in order to modify resistance of bacteria of their intestinal organ against antibiotics and heavy metals and sensitivity of all bacteria to 6 antibiotics of ampicillin, streptomycin, More

Sampling of wild Common carps from Anzali Lagoon was operated in winter and spring 2009 in order to modify resistance of bacteria of their intestinal organ against antibiotics and heavy metals and sensitivity of all bacteria to 6 antibiotics of ampicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, cloramphenicl, gentamicin and amikacin was considered. The results show that isolated bacteria had high resistance against three antibiotics of Ampicillin (92.92%), Streptomycin (45.14%) and Tetracycline (45.73%) but that they had approximately low resistance against Cloramphenicl (12.82%). According to the results Common carps had no resistance against two other antibiotics of Gentamicin (0%) and Amikasin (0%). The Isolated bacteria from intestinal organ of Common carps also showed high level of multi-resistance patterns against above mentioned antibiotics. Sample bacteria were also considered for their resistance against three heavy metals of copper, cadmium and mercury. According to researches the bacteria from intestinal organ resistance against heavy metals with different densities (100 and 200 μg/ml) and the resistance pattern was figured as Cu2+>Cd2+>Hg2+. Studying the solidarity between heavy metal resistance and antibiotic resistance in Isolated the bacteria from intestinal organ of Common carps by Person Test, the linear relation between the percentage of resistant bacteria against heavy metals and percentage of resistant bacteria against antibiotics was achieved. This achievement confirms that increasing of metal pollutions increases the number of resistant bacteria against antibiotics and heavy metals in Anzali Lagoon. This study is executed for the first time in Anzali Lagoon and shows the probability of antibiotic resistant bacteria metastasis to human by having fishes. This can be a serious subject which threatens general health of society.  Manuscript profile

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121 - Staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCCmec) typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from healthy workers nasal swabs in Larestan hospitals
Mehdi Ebadi Tahereh Khaliliazad

Background & Objectives: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most important causes of opportunistic infections in the community as well as hospitals. Nowadays, an increase in the antibiotic resistance has caused concern to the medical co More

Background & Objectives: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most important causes of opportunistic infections in the community as well as hospitals. Nowadays, an increase in the antibiotic resistance has caused concern to the medical community. Meanwhile, resistance to methicillin is important because of limiting treatment. This study was conducted to track methicillin resistance gene and to type staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCCmec) in S. aureus strains isolated from nasal swabs of healthy hospital workers and to determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the strains. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 230 specimens were collected from healthy workers nasal swabs of Larestan hospital during 2015. S. aureus strains were identified using laboratory standard methods. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern was characterized using disk diffusion test, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by E-test and sensitivity to methicillin was assessed by agar screening test. Furthermore, the presence of antibiotic-resistant mecA gene and SCCmec genotyping were investigated using the multiplex-PCR method. Results: Among all nasal swab samples, 37 (14.8%)  S. aureus isolates were recovered. 28 (75.7%) out of 37 S. aureus isolates were confirmed as MRSA. 21 (75%) of 28 MRSA isolates were community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA), and the remaining 7 (25%) were hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA). SCCmec genotyping showed the most frequent isolates as follows: 9 (32.1%) isolates as SCCmec type I, 8 (28.6%) isolates as SCCmec type IV, 5 (17.9%) isolates as SCCmec type II, 4 (14.3%) isolates as SCCmec type V and 2 (7.1%) isolates as SCCmec type III. Evaluation of antibiotic resistance pattern showed the highest resistance to penicillin (100%) and oxacillin (60%) respectively, and the lowest resistance to vancomycin (0%). E-test results confirmed 28.5% of the isolates as intermediate vancomycin-resistant. Using agar screening test, oxacillin resistance was shown as 92.8%. Conclusion: Our result showed that 70% methicillin resistance in the S. aureus which is mostly CA-MRSA strains. This could be a serious warning about the need to treat infections caused by this bacterium and control the carriers in the hospital environment.  Manuscript profile

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122 - The evaluation of int1, sul1, aadA2, and aadB genes frequencies in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in Tehran
Farzaneh Hosseini Zahra Salimizadeh Mitra Salehi

  Background & Objectives: Acinetobacter baumanniia is a gram-negative coccobacillus which is increasingly reported as the major cause of nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of class I integron, and the prevalence of two More

  Background & Objectives: Acinetobacter baumanniia is a gram-negative coccobacillus which is increasingly reported as the major cause of nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of class I integron, and the prevalence of two important aminoglycoside modifying enzymese genes (aadA2 and aadB) in A. baumannii isolates. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 33 A. baumannii isolated from patients who referred to Baghiatallah Azam and Shahid Modarres Hospitals in Tehran.Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was evaluated using disk diffusion method in accordance with CLSI guideline. The presence of intI1, sul1, aadA2 and aadB genes in clinical isolates was investigated by PCR technique. Results: The frequency of intI1, sul1, aadA2, and aadB genes in A. baumannii was observed as 51.5%, 51.5%, 24.2% and 36.4%, respectively. All isolates were multi-drug resistant, and the highest level of antibiotic resistance was shown to ampicillin, cefixime, cephalothin, nalidixic acid, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and streptomycin (100%). Furthermore, the minimum antibiotic resistance was shown to gentamicin (66.7%), and tetracycline (69.7%). Conclusion: A significant correlation was observed between class 1 integrons, and resistance to one antibiotic. However, this association was not remarkable in several other isolates with antibiotics resistance. This may imply that in addition to integrons, other determinants such as transposons and plasmids may also contribute to resistance. Manuscript profile

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123 - Frequency of papaA, papC genes and antimicrobial resistance pattern in uropathogenic Escherichia coli
Maryam Ghalandari Shamami Mohsen Mirzaee Shahin Najar-peerayeh

Background & Objectives: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial infection in humans. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains are one of the etiologic reason for UTIs. The purpose of this study is evaluation of bacterial resistance to commonly used More

Background & Objectives: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial infection in humans. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains are one of the etiologic reason for UTIs. The purpose of this study is evaluation of bacterial resistance to commonly used antibiotics and the prevalence of papaA and papC genes among uropathogenic E. coli. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 150 isolates E. coli collected from patients with UTIs referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Boroujerd. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed for all isolates against 13 antibiotics according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Then, prevalence of papA and papC genes was examined by PCR method. Results: The highest and lowest rates of antibiotic resistance belonged to  ampicillin 127 (84.7%) and nitrofurantoin (3.5%). Also, the prevalence of papA and papC genes was 32 (21.3%) and 72 (48%), respectively. Conclusion: These results shows increases in the antibiotic resistance in pathogen E. coli and high levels of pap operon in these strains. Based on these results, further investigations on the bacterial virulence and the antimicrobial resistance patterns can improve the treatment of urinary infections. Manuscript profile

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124 - Antibiotic resistance and frequency of fimH, papC and sfa-foc virulence genes in Escherichia coli isolated from Caspian horse feces in Guilan province
Elham Nouri Leila Asadpour

10.30495/jmw.2022.1932317.1978

Background & Objectives: Due to the widespread use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine and the increase in livestock production, it seems that the risk of spreading antibiotic resistance in    human societies is more related to animals and the ve More

Background & Objectives: Due to the widespread use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine and the increase in livestock production, it seems that the risk of spreading antibiotic resistance in    human societies is more related to animals and the veterinary field. In this study, antibiotic        resistance and frequency of fimH, papC and sfa-foc virulence genes among Escherichia coli      isolated from Caspian horse feces in Guilan were studied. Materials & Methods: In this cross- sectional study, E. coli isolates were isolated from the feces of 157 apparently healthy Caspian horses by culture method and biochemical tests. Resistance    patterns against 17 different antibiotics were determined by disk diffusion method and frequency of virulence genes were assessed by PCR in isolates. Results: In phenotypic assay of antibiotic resistance, the isolates showed the most resistance to streptomycin and sulfamethoxazole-trimetoprim antibiotics. Imipenem and gentamicin were the most effective antibiotics and 51.59 percent of isolates showed multi drug resistance pattern. The frequency of fimH, papC and sfa-foc virulence genes in isolates were 91%, 56.6% and 33.3%,   respectively. Frequency of all of three investigated genes were significantly higher in MDR       isolates (P< 0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that Escherichia coli isolated from the feces of horses in Guilan has the potential to transmit antibiotic resistance and threaten public health.   Manuscript profile

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125 - Frequency of meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from clinical samples in Mousavi Hospital, Zanjan, and recognition mec A gene using PCR
Rasoul Shokri Mojtaba Salouti Rahim Sorouri Zanjani Zahra Heidari

Background and Objectives: Nowadays Meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the public-health threats due to resistance to agents and anti microbial drugs. The aim of present study was to find the incidence of Meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aure More

Background and Objectives: Nowadays Meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the public-health threats due to resistance to agents and anti microbial drugs. The aim of present study was to find the incidence of Meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from clinical samples in Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital of Zanjan and their antibiotic resistance pattern as well as recognizing of the mecA gene using PCR. Materials  &Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 176 specimens were collected from different sections of Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital and assayed. The strains were identified and the resistances of the isolates to 12 kinds of antibiotics were determined using disk diffusion method. Finally, following DNA extraction, mecA gene was analyzed by PCR. Results: 45 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were recovered (25.56%). 26 out of 45 Staphylococcus aureus isolates (57.77%) were confirmed as MRSA. Evaluation of antibiotic resistance showed the greatest resistance to penicillin (100%) and cloxacillin (80.76%), respectively, and the lowest resistance was observed to vancomicin (7.69%). Conclusion: The findings showed that the prevalence of MRSA was remarkable in the hospital samples and the resistance to methicillin has increased that is a serious warning to the treatment of infections caused by this bacterium. Manuscript profile

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126 - Molecular identification of lantibiotic- producing Bacillus toyonensis isolated from soil and evaluation of its antibacterial activity
Dorna Karami Arekhloo Mohammad Mehdi Mahmoodi

Background & Objectives: Lantibiotics are small peptide antibiotics that produced by a large number of gram positive bacteria to limit growth of other bacteria. This study was performed with the aim of isolation and molecular identification of lantibiotic producer B More

Background & Objectives: Lantibiotics are small peptide antibiotics that produced by a large number of gram positive bacteria to limit growth of other bacteria. This study was performed with the aim of isolation and molecular identification of lantibiotic producer Bacilli from soil, also to optimize the production conditions and antibacterial activity of the product. Materials & Methods: In this basic research, soil samples were collected from green bean fields located at Kazerun. The vegetative cells were killed by pasteurization method and the Gram positive spore former colonies were selected for further studies. These bacteria were grown in the broth media and their culture extracts were examined for lantibiotic production by well diffusion method. Appropriate colonies with high ability for lantibiotic production were selected and identified by biochemical and molecular methods. Also lantibiotic production at different temperatures and pH values was investigated. Results: The isolated strain was identified as Bacillus toyonensis based on DNA sequencing. Maximum lantibiotic production was determined after 24h incubation at 30°C and pH 7. These results showed that the addition of 1% glucose and pepton can improve lantibiotic production. The purified lantibiotic showed inhibitory effects on some gram positive bacteria. Conclusion: According to ability of this isolated strain in lantibiotic production, further studies is required for more accurate identification of produced lantibiotic in order to be employed in pharmaceutical applications. Manuscript profile

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127 - Detection of the antibiotic resistance pattern in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical samples obtained from patients hospitalised in Imam Reza hospital, Kermanshah
Zeinab Ahmadi Elahe Tajbakhsh Hassan Momtaz

Background and Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is one of important etiology of contagious infections in community and hospital (nosocomial infections). Nowadays, an intensive increases in the antibiotic resistance is recorded due to increase in the rate of antibiotic More

Background and Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is one of important etiology of contagious infections in community and hospital (nosocomial infections). Nowadays, an intensive increases in the antibiotic resistance is recorded due to increase in the rate of antibiotic usages worldwide. This study was conducted to track the antibiotic resistant genes in the S. aureus strains isolated from clinical specimens obtained from humans and to determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern or the strains. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 coagulase-positive S. aureus collected from urinary tract infections and skin wounds of the patients hospitalised in the Imam Reza hospital, Kermanshah, through 2012. These strains were selected using laboratory standard methods and culture-specific. The antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using disk diffusion on plate. Furthermore, the presence of 5 genes responsible for antibiotic resistance, including mecA, aacA-D, tet K, tet M, msrA, ermA, were investigated using multiplex-PCR method. Results: Based on the phenotypic investigation on antibiotic resistance of S. aureus strains, the highest rates were seen in treatment with penicillin (90%), tetracycline (76%), methicillin (64%), ampicillin (55%) while the lowest sensitivity was observed in treatment with nitrofurantoin (8%) and vancomycin (14%). The most prevalent gene was tetM (89%), followed by mecA (58%), ermA (40%), msrA (36%), aacA-D (24%) and  tetK (13%). Conclusion: Our result showed high rates of antibiotic resistance in the S. aureus isolated from this hospital. Therefore, it is recommended to limit the antibiotic uses without prescription or in unnecessary cases in order to decrease rate of microbial resistance to antibiotics.     Manuscript profile

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128 - Evaluation of the prevalence of Vancomycin- resistant Enterococci strains isolated from patients in the ICU in Kashan
Seyede Marzie Jabbari Shiade Rezvan Moniri Ahmad Khorshidi Mohammad ali Saba Seyed Gholam Abbas Mousavi Mahdi Salehi

Background and Objectives: Enterococcus is part of human and animal intestinal flora. The withdrawal of these bacteria from their original location causes infections such as bacteremia, endocarditis, and Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in hospitalized patients. The aim of More

Background and Objectives: Enterococcus is part of human and animal intestinal flora. The withdrawal of these bacteria from their original location causes infections such as bacteremia, endocarditis, and Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in hospitalized patients. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) strains and the phenotypes of the Van genes in Enterococcus isolated from rectal swabs of patients hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Methods and Materials: In this cross-sectional study, 156 rectal-swab samples were collected from patients in three wards of ICUs in the Shahid Beheshti Hospital. Enterococcus was detected in samples with the Gram stain and biochemical tests. An antibiotic resistance test was done using CLSI criteria. Different types of vancomycin resistance genes were identified by the multiplex PCR technique. Results: Enterococcus was detected in 135 rectal-swab samples (86.5%). The prevalence of VRE strains was 42.9% (58 cases). The frequency of Van A and Van C genes were 69% and 6.9%, respectively. In this study neither of van B, D, E and G genes were observed. 59.2% of patients who consumed 3 to 4 types of antibiotics, and 35.4% of those who consumed 1 to 2 types of antibiotics, had VRE. Conclusion: Our findings highlight that antibiotic consumption can lead to increasing the resistance phenotypes. The prevalence of VRE was indicated 3.6 times more in patients who had consumed antibiotics. Also, with increasing number of antibiotic consumption of 1-2 to 3-4 types, risk of antibiotic-resistant Enterococci increases 2.65 times. Manuscript profile

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129 - Study of antibiotic resistance genes qnr and Shigella strains isolated from patients admitted to Children's Medical Center, Tehran
Majid Moghbeli Vahid Behnood Reza Ranjbar

Background and Objectives: Fluoroquinolones are successfully being used for treatment of the infections caused by Shigella and multiple antimicrobiaol resistant strains, as well. Mutations in gyr A and carrying qnr are the main mechanisms of resistance to quinolone in m More

Background and Objectives: Fluoroquinolones are successfully being used for treatment of the infections caused by Shigella and multiple antimicrobiaol resistant strains, as well. Mutations in gyr A and carrying qnr are the main mechanisms of resistance to quinolone in microbial strains. This study was aimed to investigate the presence of qnr resistant genes and to evaluate the antibiotic resistant profile in Shigella strains isolated from patients. Methods and Materials: This study was carried out on 73 Shigella strains isolated from the patients admitted to Mofid’s children medical center, First, the bacteria and strains isolated from the patients were identified based on biochemical and serological tests. The antibiotic resistance profile was determined based on Kirby– Bauer test. The presence of qnr gene was finally determined using PCR reaction.  Results: The antibiotic resistance profile showed that 97.2% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic among 18 antimicrobial agents. The most antibiotic resistance ability belonged to trimetoprim+ sulfametoxasol (94.5%) while the lowest antibiotic resistance were seen in the case of treatment with Ciprofloxacin and ceftizoxime (with 100% sensitivity ratio). Totally, 23 Shigella isolates showed resistance against nalidixic acid. Of these, four samples, belonging toS. flexeneri (2 strains), S. Soneie (1 strain) and S. Boiedie (1 strain) carried qnrS gene. None of qnrA and qnrB genes were detected in the isolated strains. Conclusion: Based on the data, the nalidixic resistance frequency and presence of qnrS gene was significant in these Shigella isolates. Manuscript profile

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130 - Evaluation of the synergistic effect of bacterial recombinant alginate lyase and therapeutic antibiotics on the growth of planktonic Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Hadis Tavafi Ahya Abdi- Ali Parinaz Ghadam Sara Gharavi

Background & Objectives: Alginate is one of the most important virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effect of recombinant alginate lyase and common antibiotics in the treatment of Pseudomonas&n More

Background & Objectives: Alginate is one of the most important virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effect of recombinant alginate lyase and common antibiotics in the treatment of Pseudomonas infections on the growth of planktonic cells of P. aeruginosa. Materials & Methods: In this study, P. aeruginosa TAG48 was isolated and identified from the clinical sample. To purify alginate lyase and its effect on planktonic cells, the alginate lyase gene (algL) was isolated, cloned, sequenced and expressed. The resultant enzyme was purified by affinity chromatography. The ciprofloxacin, tobramycin, and cefixime were also used to test the effectiveness of these antibiotics on planktonic cells of P. aeruginosa by carrying out MIC, MBC. The synergistic effects of these antibiotics and the recombinant alginate lyase enzyme on planktonic cells were evaluated. Results: Our results indicated that the antibiotics and the enzyme have shown MIC for ciprofloxacin, tobramycin, cefixime and enzyme in the following concentrations: 4, 16,128 and 9.37 μg/ml, respectively. MBC was also calculated equal to MIC. Also, alginate lyase exhibited synergy with tobramycin and cefixime on the growth of planktonic cells of P. aeruginosa TAG48 but not with ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: Regarding the importance of alginate in the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa, its degradation could reduce this characteristic of the bacteria. Detection of novel algL genes in bacterial communities can also lead the way for the study of alginate lyases with specific activities against alginates from pathogenic bacteria in microbial samples. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

131 - Determination of antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the prevalence of bla OXA-23 gene in isolates from a Hospital in North Khorasan
Mohadeseh Radmehr majid moghbeli

10.30495/jmw.2021.690460

Background & Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important pathogens of opportunistic infections, which is considered as one of the main causes of nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to isolate pseudomonas aeruginosa and identify strai More

Background & Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important pathogens of opportunistic infections, which is considered as one of the main causes of nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to isolate pseudomonas aeruginosa and identify strains with                  bla OXA-23 gene using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Materials & Methods: In this study, 70 isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa from various            infections including lung, urine, blood, wound and sputum were collected in north khorasan       hospital, after phenotypic and genotypic confirmation of the isolates, antibiotic discs of doripenem and imipenem (Rosco), meropenem and ciprofloxacin, colistin and amikacin (Mast) were used to perform antibiotic susceptibility testing of bacteria by disk diffusion method. Results: Isolates showed 32.8%, resistance to amikacin , 47.1% todoripenem, 37.1% to imipenem, 40% to ciprofloxacin, and 10% to colistin. The highest resistance of the strains was related to meropenem 61.4% and the lowest was colistin with 10% resistance. Conclusion: In this study, the resistance of pseudomonas aeruginosa to the antibiotic meropenem was 61.4% and compared to other studies, including in ethiopia, showed a higher level of           antibiotic resistance, this level of carbapenem resistance indicates an increase in resistance of pseudomonas aeruginosa strains to carbapenems.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

132 - The Prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii strains carrying LPS and siderophore virulence genes isolated from clinical samples
Sheida Beiranvand Abbas Doosti Seyed Abbas Mirzaei

10.30495/jmw.2021.690443

Background & Objectives: Increasing antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates has become a major global concern today. The mechanism of the food supply through iron supply through Siderophores is one of the most important factors in the adaptation of More

Background & Objectives: Increasing antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates has become a major global concern today. The mechanism of the food supply through iron supply through Siderophores is one of the most important factors in the adaptation of bacteria to adverse conditions. The study of the frequency of the presence of Siderophore genes in clinical isolates      provides a high understanding of the mechanism of bacterial resistance. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the frequency of antibiotic resistance in isolates containing the Siderophore gene. Materials & Methods: Clinical samples were collected from hospitalized patients including            respiratory, wound, urinary, and blood samples. Biochemical tests were performed to isolate the    bacteria. A molecular sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was performed to confirm    Acinetobacter baumannii strains and to evaluate the presence of target genes. Microbial                  susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method according to CLSI instructions and the relationship between microbial resistance and expression of Siderophore genes in isolates was        investigated. Results: According to PCR results, out of 64 isolates identified by biochemical tests, 28 isolates (43.75%) were identified as Acinetobacter baumannii. All 28 isolated isolates (100%) had LPS genes and 15 isolates (53.57%) had Siderophore gene with 93.3% resistance to Carbapenems and 26.6% to Colistin sulfate and antibiotics. Were identified as XDR and MDR strains. Conclusion: Antibiotic resistance and the prevalence of Siderophore and LPS genes in               Acinetobacter baumannii strains are worrisome and require infection control measures including management of antibiotics and rapid identification of resistant isolates.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

133 - Molecular typing E. coli O157:H7 isolates using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) - PCR technique and the relationship genetic and antibiotic resistance patterns
Sedigheh Mokhtari Yahya Tahamtan Mohammad Kargar KEYVAN TADAYON Elham Moazamian

10.30495/jmw.2022.1969083.2041

Background & Objectives: Escherichia coli O157:H7 is one of the main foodborne pathogen that cause severe gastrointestinal issues and death. Cattle are the major reservoir for E. coli O157:H7. During the slaughtering process, E. coli O157:H7 enter to food chain. Ide More

Background & Objectives: Escherichia coli O157:H7 is one of the main foodborne pathogen that cause severe gastrointestinal issues and death. Cattle are the major reservoir for E. coli O157:H7. During the slaughtering process, E. coli O157:H7 enter to food chain. Identifying the source of contamination plays important role in the control of bacteria. The purpose of this study is molecular typing and determining of genetic relationships among E.coli O157:H7 isolates using RAPD-PCR technique and investigating the relationship between their genetic and antibiotic  resistance patterns.Materials& methods: The Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used to evaluate genetic relationship among the isolates and the results was analyzed by NTSYSpc software. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was examined through disc diffusion method.Results: The most isolates showed sensitivity to seven antibiotics and resistance were observed in six strains. DNA fingerprinting showed 10 genetic patterns. The isolates from different sources were clustered based on the similarity in RAPD pattern. The strains contain different DNA pattern and high genetic distance, showed different patterns of antibiotic susceptibility.Conclusion: The genomic diversity showed distinct profiles of DNA in strains with the same clonal relationships and different patterns of antibiotic resistance were revealed. Therefor determining the clonal relationships of isolates with RAPD PCR technique, simultaneous using of antibiotic resistance patterns and molecular typing can be effective in detecting isolates and infection control.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

134 - The effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the expression of genes effective in biofilm production in resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains
Marzieh Shafiei kumarss amini Parvaneh Jafari

10.30495/jmw.2022.1914843.1941

Background and Objectives: The ability of Klebsiella pneumoniae as an opportunistic bacterium in hospital infections, by producing biofilm on food utensils and hospital surfaces, has adverse effects on the treatment and survival of hospitalized patients. The present stu More

Background and Objectives: The ability of Klebsiella pneumoniae as an opportunistic bacterium in hospital infections, by producing biofilm on food utensils and hospital surfaces, has adverse effects on the treatment and survival of hospitalized patients. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilm formation.Materials and methods: TiO2 nanoparticles were produced using sol-gel method. 62 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from three hospitals in Tehran. Antimicrobial activity of TiO2 nanoparticles against biofilm-producing and antibiotic-resistant strains was determined by disk diffusion method. Definitive identification of the isolates was done through common biochemical tests and 16S rRNA sequencing, and the expression of treC, mrkD, sugE, luxS and 16SrRNA genes was investigated by real time PCR.Findings: The data showed that the ability to form biofilm among isolates obtained from sputum was higher than other isolates. TiO2 nanoparticles with a concentration of 256 μg/ml inhibited biofilm production in fourteen isolated strains. Comparison of LuxS gene expression in Klebsiella pneumoniae untreated and treated with TiO2 showed that the level of gene expression decreased by 3.85 times (p = 0.002).Conclusion: This study showed that the synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles are effective against the formation of biofilm in Klebsiella pneumoniae strains resistant to several drugs and can be reliable and useful as inorganic antimicrobial agents. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

135 - Antibiotic resistance and presence of integron class 1 and class 2 genes amongst Escherichia coli isolates of urine specimens of inpatients and outpatients in Ahvaz, southern of Iran
Abbas Farahani Mahsa Dastranj Jebreil Shamseddin Hojat Veisi Saber Soltani Hadi Kalantar

10.30495/jmw.2023.1982309.2057

Integrons play an essential role in spreading antibiotic resistance genes among Escherichia coli isolates. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of class 1 and 2 integrons amongst Escherichia coli isolates producing broad-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) More

Integrons play an essential role in spreading antibiotic resistance genes among Escherichia coli isolates. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of class 1 and 2 integrons amongst Escherichia coli isolates producing broad-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in patients with urinary tract infections referred to Ahvaz teaching Hospital in 2017-2018. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, isolates were determined using conventional methods. Antibiotic susceptibility was measured by agar disc diffusion method. Production of ESBLs enzymes was measured via double disc method. Finally, presence of genes related to class 1 and 2 integrons was done using specific primers and Polymerase chain reaction method. Amongst 123 Escherichia coli ESBLs producing isolates the highest resistance was related to Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, Cotrimoxazole and, Nalidixic acid, respectively, and the least resistance was related to Imipenem. About 84 (68.29%) isolates had multiple drug resistance (MDR). Additionally, 93 (75.60 %) isolates had class 1 integron and 11 (8.94 %) isolates had class 2 integron. There were no significant relationships between the presence of integrons and resistance to different antibiotics (p > 0.05). High prevalence of class 1 integron amongst Escherichia coli isolates producing broad-spectrum β-lactamase may contribute to resistance to common antibiotics. Therefore, identifying frequency of integrons and their relationship with drug resistance patterns seems to be necessary. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

136 - Evaluation of Relationship between Phylogenetic Typing and Antibiotic Resistance of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli
Zahra Etebarzadeh Mojgan Oshaghi Noor Amir Mozafari

Background and Objective: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most common infectious diseases. Nowadays, Escherichia coli (E. coli) is counted as the predominant cause of urinary tract infection in 80-90% of patients. Due to increase in the rate of antibiotic u More

Background and Objective: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most common infectious diseases. Nowadays, Escherichia coli (E. coli) is counted as the predominant cause of urinary tract infection in 80-90% of patients. Due to increase in the rate of antibiotic usage and subsequent drug resistance, this study was performed to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance pattern of E. coli isolated from patients with suspected urinary tract infection and phylogenetic grouping of these strains. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 600 samples of suspected urinary tract infection from Hasheminejad super specialty kidney hospital. To isolate E. coli strains, all samples were examined with biochemical and microbial tests. Then using the standard disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer), drug susceptibility test was performed on 8 different antibiotics. Multiplex PCR technique and specific primers of chuA, yjaA genes and TSPE4.C2 fragment were used for phylogenetic grouping of the isolated E. coli strains. Results: In this study the highest rates of resistance to antibiotics were seen against ampicillin (83.83%) and nalidixic acid (71.42%). Also, the lowest rates of resistance were reported against nitrofurantoin (3.12%) and ceftizoxime (11.22%). Based on phylogenetic studies, 65%, 19% and 16% of the isolated strains belonged to group B2, group D and group A, respectively. Also, the majority of antibiotic resistant strains and multi-drug resistant strains belonged to the phylogenetic group B2. Conclusion: As same as other reports around the world, most of the E. coli strains isolated from this region belonged to phylogenetic group B2. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

137 - Survey Role and Important of Surfaces Structure and β–lactamase of Bacillus cereus in Drug Resistant
Shilla Jalalpoor Hamid Abousaidi

Background and Objectives: S-layer is a outer protein in bacteria and archaea which intensifies bacterial pathogenicity due to inhibiting antibiotic’s entrance to cells. Because staffs and hospital surfaces have a major role in nosocomial infections, contaminating More

Background and Objectives: S-layer is a outer protein in bacteria and archaea which intensifies bacterial pathogenicity due to inhibiting antibiotic’s entrance to cells. Because staffs and hospital surfaces have a major role in nosocomial infections, contaminating this source with S-layer and β–lactamase positive strains of B. cereus can lead to spread the antibiotic resistant nosocomial infections. In this study, in addition to determine the frequency of S-layer and β–lactamase positive strains in hospital environment, their function in inhibition of antibiotic’s entrance has been surveyed.   Material and Methods: The descriptive research was performed on 274 samples isolated from Azzahra hospital and Isfahan University during 2005/2007. In order to preparation of samples, 16 hours bacterial culture in TSA (Tryptone Soya Agar) were used and then electrophoresis with 10X SDS-PAGE were performed. Antibiogram were performed with Kirby Bauer method and β–lactamase production, with acidimetric method. Results: From 247 isolated bacteria, frequency of B. cereus strains was %9.49. Eleven sample (84/6%) from 13 isolated B. cereus of staff hand and 1 sample (7/7%) from 13 isolated B.cereus from hospital surfaces produce S-layer nano-structure. According to antibiogram result, non producer S-layer strains, in comparative S-layer producer strains, were more sensitive to antibiotics and all S-layer producer B.cereus strains, produce β–lactamase. Conclusion: Result  of this study show high prevalence S-layer and β–lactamase producer B. cereus strains in hospital, that lead to increase antibiotic resistance nosocomial infection and is necessary go on to reduce transfer virulence agent and antibiotic resistant in pathogen bacteria. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

138 - Isolation and antibiotic sensitivity of E. coli K99 isolates from diarrheic calves at Fars province
Zahra Shams Yahya Tahamtan Mohammad Kargar Seyed Mohammad Hosein Hoseini Seyed Ali Pourbakhsh

Background and Objective: Diarrhea in newborn calves caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K99 is one of the important problems is the animal industrial husbandry. In this study we try to find the frequency of E. coli k99 in diarrheal newborn calf, and also determi More

Background and Objective: Diarrhea in newborn calves caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K99 is one of the important problems is the animal industrial husbandry. In this study we try to find the frequency of E. coli k99 in diarrheal newborn calf, and also determine antibiotic susceptibility of isolates. Material and Methods: 312 rectal swabs of diarrheal calves were obtained in various parts of Fars province. The samples were investigated using biochemical test. All E. coli isolates tested for antibiotic susceptibility using disc diffusion method. Results: of 312 samples, 298 E. coli isolates were obtained, from which the slide agglutination method 13 isolates were identified Escherichia coli k99. These isolates were susceptible to enrofloxacin, nalidixic acid and flomocuen antibiotics. Also, there is some wide range of antibiotics resistance to in Escherichia coli k99. Conclusion: The prevalence of Escherichia coli k99 with diarrhea in calves was 4 / 3% in Fars province which compared to other reports ranking in the lower range. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

139 - بررسی مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی و شناسایی مولکولی جدایه های اشریشیا کلیاز موارد کلی باسیلوز طیور در شهر تبریز در سال 1399
سامان مهدوی

10.30495/jbcvm.2022.1941910.1019

تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی مقاومت آنتیبیوتیکی و شناسایی مولکولی جدایههای اشریشیا کلی از موارد کلیباسیلوز طیور در شهر تبریز در سال 1399 انجام گرفت. 46 نمونه اشریشیا کلی از موارد کلیباسیلوز 10 مرغداری شهر تبریز که با روشهای میکروبشناسی و بیوشیمی More

تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی مقاومت آنتیبیوتیکی و شناسایی مولکولی جدایههای اشریشیا کلی از موارد کلیباسیلوز طیور در شهر تبریز در سال 1399 انجام گرفت. 46 نمونه اشریشیا کلی از موارد کلیباسیلوز 10 مرغداری شهر تبریز که با روشهای میکروبشناسی و بیوشیمیایی جداسازی و تشخیص داده شده بودند، جهت شناسایی مولکولی با پرایمرهای ژن 16s rRNA، PCR شدند. جهت تعیین الگوی مقاومت آنتیبیوتیکی جدایهها، از آنتیبیوتیکهای رایج موجود در بازار به روش کربی بائر استفاده شد. از 46 نمونه اشریشیا کلی مورد آزمایش، 40 جدایه (9/86%) به عنوان باکتری اشریشیا کلی مورد تایید قرار گرفت. تمام جدایههای مورد آزمایش (100%)، در برابر آنتیبیوتیک آمپیسیلین از خود مقاومت نشان دادند. اکثر جدایههای اشریشیا کلی در برابر سفتریاکسون (75%)، نئومایسین (70%) و نیتروفورانتوئین (70%) از خود مقاومت نشان دادند. 12 جدایه اشریشیا کلی (30%)، در برابر تمام آنتیبیوتیکهای مورد آزمایش مقاوم بودند. میتوان نتیجهگیری نمود که مقاومت آنتیبیوتیکی جدایههای اشریشیا کلی نسبت به داروهای ضد میکروب متداول مورد مصرف در صنعت پرورش طیور بالا میباشد که اجرای طرح پایش ملی برای مقاومت ضد میکروبی و مصرف اصولی آنتیبیوتیک ها ضروری به نظر میرسد.    Manuscript profile

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140 - تعیین الگوی مقاومت ضد باکتریایی اشریشیا کلی جدا شده از طیور آلوده به کلی باسیلوز در استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد، ایران
شهرام شهریاری اقدس دراب پور

10.30495/jbcvm.2022.1967083.1026

صد و پنجاه نمونه مشکوک به کلی باسیلوز از جوجه های گوشتی جدا شد. مرغ های تخمگذار و مرغ مادر از 21 مزرعه نمونه برداری شدند. آزمایش در 98 مورد مثبت بود. و حساسیت آنها به ده نوع آنتی بیوتیک با استفاده از روش آنتی بیوگرام، روش انتشار دیسک و قطر هاله مهار رشد بر حسب میلی متر More

صد و پنجاه نمونه مشکوک به کلی باسیلوز از جوجه های گوشتی جدا شد. مرغ های تخمگذار و مرغ مادر از 21 مزرعه نمونه برداری شدند. آزمایش در 98 مورد مثبت بود. و حساسیت آنها به ده نوع آنتی بیوتیک با استفاده از روش آنتی بیوگرام، روش انتشار دیسک و قطر هاله مهار رشد بر حسب میلی متر بررسی شد. 90 مورد مثبت (60%) مرغ گوشتی و 8 مورد مثبت (33/5%) مرغ مادر و تخمگذار بودند. دیسک های آنتی بیوتیک مربوط به تتراسایکلین، آمپی سیلین، دیفلوکساسین، انروفلوکساسین، داکسی سایکلین، سولفامتوکسازول + تری متوپریم، سیپروفلوکساسین، کلسیتین، فلورفنیکول، فوزبک بود. بیشترین هاله مربوط به فلورفنیکال و فوزبک (21-22 میلی متر) بود. همچنین کوچکترین هاله مربوط به تتراسایکلین و آمپی سیلین (8-9 میلی متر) بود. میانگین قطر هاله در بین ده آنتی بیوتیک از کمتر از 8 میلی متر تا بیش از 22 میلی متر اندازه گیری شد. . همه اشرشیاکلی های جدا شده حداقل 26 درصد به 7 نوع آنتی بیوتیک مقاوم بودند. آنتی‌بیوتیک‌های نسل قدیم مانند تتراسایکلین و آمپی‌سیلین نسبت به آنتی‌بیوتیک‌های نسل جدید تأثیر کمتری داشتند. در نتیجه، فراوانی مقاومت آنتی‌باکتریایی به دلیل مصرف بی‌رویه آن‌ها، بالا بود و می تواند خطری جدی برای صنعت طیور کشور و سلامت عمومی به شمار رود. Manuscript profile

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141 - بررسی شیوع و الگوی مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی گونه‌های کمپیلوباکتر جدا شده از شیر خام گاو در ارومیه، ایران
مریم مصطفوی مسلم نیریز نقدهی

10.30495/jbcvm.2023.1979879.1039

گونه‌های کمپیلوباکتر شایع‌ترین عامل اسهال باکتریایی در انسان می‌باشند. در تحقیق حاضر شیوع و مقاومت آنتی‌بیوتیکی گونه‌های کمپیلوباکتر جدا شده از شیر خام شهرستان ارومیه بررسی‌شدند. 80 نمونه شیر‌ خام گاو به‌صورت تصادفی و با شرایط سترون از خرده فروشی‌های لبنیات سنتی مناطق م More

گونه‌های کمپیلوباکتر شایع‌ترین عامل اسهال باکتریایی در انسان می‌باشند. در تحقیق حاضر شیوع و مقاومت آنتی‌بیوتیکی گونه‌های کمپیلوباکتر جدا شده از شیر خام شهرستان ارومیه بررسی‌شدند. 80 نمونه شیر‌ خام گاو به‌صورت تصادفی و با شرایط سترون از خرده فروشی‌های لبنیات سنتی مناطق مختلف ارومیه در سال 1397 جمع‌آوری شدند. نمونه‌ها، ابتدا در آبگوشت پرستون تکمیل‌شده، غنی‌سازی و سپس در آگار تکمیل شده کمپیلوباکتر کشت و در دمای 42 درجه‌سلسیوس به‌مدت 48 ساعت در شرایط میکروآیروفیل گرمخانه‌گذاری شدند. آزمایش‌های بیوشیمیایی از‌جمله هیدرولیز هیپورات و حساسیت یا مقاومت به نالیدیکسیک اسید برای شناسایی گونه‌ی جدایه‌ها انجام ‌شدند. آزمایش حساسیت آنتی‌بیوتیکی روی جدایه‌ها به‌روش انتشار دیسک کربی-بائر انجام ‌شد. 13 نمونه (25/16 درصد) آلوده به گونه‌های کمپیلوباکتر بودند.‌ شیوع جدایه‌های  کمپیلوباکتر ‌ججونای (75/13 درصد) بالاتر از کمپیلوباکتر‌ کولای (5/2 درصد) بود. جدایه‌های کمپیلوباکتر مقاومت بالا در برابر تتراسایکلین (100 درصد)، کوتریموکسازول (84 درصد)، آمپی‌سیلین، سفتریاکسون و کلرامفنیکل (2/69 درصد) نشان دادند در‌حالی‌که آنها مقاومت متوسط به سیپروفلوکساسین و نیتروفورانتوئین (2/46 درصد) و مقاومت پایین به جنتامایسین (8/30 درصد) نشان دادند. هم‌چنین 9 جدایه (2/69 درصد) مقاومت چند دارویی (MDR) نشان ‌دادند. می‌توان نتیجه‌گیری نمود که شیوع گونه‌های کمپیلوباکتر و سویه‌های MDR آنها در شیر خام گاو توزیعی ارومیه بالا می‌باشد. ارتقا سلامت دام و بهداشت شیر، جلوگیری از مصرف بیش از حد آنتی‌بیوتیک‌ها در مزارع گاوان شیری و پاستوریزاسیون شیر پیشنهاد می‌گردد.کلمات کلیدی: شیرخام، گونه‌های کمپیلوباکتر، الگوی مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی، ارومیه، ایران Manuscript profile

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142 - Evaluation of Anticancer and Anti-bacterial Effects of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Origanum majoranaL. Extract on Cancer Cells MCF-7, HeLa and A549
Reyhaneh Sezari Hamankoh Shabnam Shamaei

10.22034/jchr.2021.1937062.1373

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143 - Synthesis and Biological Activity of a New Schiff Base Ligand Pyridazine Based
M. H. Fekri M. Darvishpour H. Khanmohammadi M. Rashidipour

10.22034/jchr.2018.544049

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144 - Anti-Quorum Sensing Potential of Potato Rhizospheric Bacteria
Adeleh Sobhanipour Keivan Behboudi Esmaeil Mahmoudi Mohsen Farzaneh

10.22034/jchr.2017.544163

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145 - Evaluation of Tetracycline Antibiotic Residue in Honey Samples using ELISA and HPLC
Anahita Hoseinpour Peyman Ghajarbygi Razzagh Mahmoudi Reza Norian Saeed Shahsavari

10.22034/jchr.2020.1876259.1044

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146 - Evaluation of Sulfonamide Antibiotic Residues of Honey Samples Produced in Different Regions of Qazvin Province by ELISA
Ali Mehrabi Razzagh Mahmoudi Hajar khedmati Morasa Reza Norian Shaghayegh mosavi Zohreh Ahmadi Maryam Kazemi Ahad Alizadeh

10.22034/jchr.2021.1905026.1159

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147 - ELISA Evaluation of Erythromycin Residues in Honey Samples Collected from Different Areas of Qazvin, Iran
Ali Mehrabi Razzagh Mahmoudi Nasim Biglari Khoshmaram Reza Norian Shaghayegh Mousavi Hatam Ebrahimi Ahad Alizadeh Maryam Kazemi

10.22034/jchr.2022.1905023.1158

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148 - Effect of Linear and Cyclic Lysine-Lysine-Tryptophan- Tryptophan -Lysine-Phenylalanine Antimicrobial Peptide on Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Micelle as Cell Membrane Mimetic: Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study
S. Hassan Mortazavi Mohammad Reza Bozorgmehr Mohammad Momen Heravi

10.22034/jchr.2022.1955430.1533

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149 - Immunomodulatory Effect of Propolis on IFN-γ, IL-17A and IL-23 Production in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Treated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa Ag
Farah Alaa Alwaeely Mohammad Abd kadhum Alsaadi Kaiser N. Madlum

10.22034/jchr.2021.685425

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150 - Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties of Colorant Extracted from Red Onion Skin
Sara Moosazad Peyman Ghajarbeigi Razzagh Mahmoudi Saeed Shahsavari Roghayeh Vahidi Ali Soltani

10.22034/jchr.2019.668188

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151 - Detection of Gyrase Enzyme among Clinical Isolates of E. coli Resistance to some Quinolone Antibiotics
Iman Fadhil Abdul-Husin Mohammed Sabri Abdul-Razzaq

10.22034/jchr.2021.686028

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152 - The Frequency and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Aeromonas hydrophila and Yersinia ruckeri Isolated from Diseased Rainbow Trout Cultured in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province
Nima Panahi Far Mohsen Pournia Reza Salighehzadeh Marjan Mosafer

10.22034/ascij.2023.1975527.1450

Recognition of resistance and susceptibility of problematic bacteria such as Yersinia ruckeri and Aeromonas hydrophila in rainbow trout farms, in proper selection of antibiotics and infection control in breeding ponds. It plays an effective role. In this study, 100 dise More

Recognition of resistance and susceptibility of problematic bacteria such as Yersinia ruckeri and Aeromonas hydrophila in rainbow trout farms, in proper selection of antibiotics and infection control in breeding ponds. It plays an effective role. In this study, 100 diseased fish were collected from rainbow trout farms in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province and after performing biochemical tests and purification of Aeromonas hydrophila and Yersinia ruckeri species, using PCR test with specific primers were finally approved. Antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria was investigated by disk diffusion method by culture on Müller-Hinton agar medium. Examination of the results of antibiogram of Aeromonas hydrophila isolates showed that the highest resistance was related to the antibiotics ampicillin (100%), colistin (80%), enrofloxacin (80%), flumquin (80%) and then, Compared to tetracycline (60%) and fluorophenicol (60%) antibiotics. The most sensitive isolates were related to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (60%) and phosphomycin (60%) antibiotics. Examination of the antibiogram results of Yersinia ruckeri isolates showed that the highest resistance among the isolates was related to the antibiotics ampicillin (100%), erythromycin (100), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (100%) and colistin (83.34%) and then showed about 67% resistance to tetracycline, fluorophenicol and phosphomycin antibiotics. Resistance to the antibiotics flumequin, lincomycin + spectinomycin (lincospectin) and enrofloxacin were also observed to be 50%, which means that none of these antibiotics would be a viable option for the treatment of bacterial infections caused by Yersinia ruckeri. In order to avoid growing bacterial resistance and to take the most effective decision in terms of antibiotic therapy, usage of antibiotics without antibiogram must be avoided. . Manuscript profile

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153 - Investigating the performance, intestinal microbiology and blood parameters, following the addition of probiotic, and antibiotic to the diet of Arian breed broilers
Farshad Najjar Asiabani Mojtaba Bazaei Mohammad Pouranian Seyed Ali Raeissadat S Belivand

Indiscriminate use of antibiotics causes the increase of antibiotic resistance and the transfer of antibiotic resistant genes from animals to humans, so it is necessary to find suitable alternatives for antibiotics to minimize these factors, which the present experiment More

Indiscriminate use of antibiotics causes the increase of antibiotic resistance and the transfer of antibiotic resistant genes from animals to humans, so it is necessary to find suitable alternatives for antibiotics to minimize these factors, which the present experiment pursued the same goal. 420 one-day-old broiler chickens were used for 42 days in the form of a completely randomized design with 7 treatments, 3 replications and 20 chickens per replication. The experimental treatments included the control diet and three levels of protexin and virginiamycin 10% (0.25, 0.5, and 0.75). At the end of the data analysis, GLM method was used to compare the averages with Duncan's multi-range test. In the entire breeding period, the amount of feed consumed under the influence of experimental treatments containing protoexin and virginiamycin decreased compared to the control (p<0.5). The effect of protexin on live weight, ready-to-cook carcass and average daily weight gain was significant, so that in the treatments containing protexin, the live weight and ready-to-cook carcass were higher than the control (p<0.5). The treatment containing 0.5% of protexin had the highest live weight and ready-to-cook carcass weight (p<0.5). The concentration of blood parameters of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, high, low and very low density lipoproteins and blood urea nitrogen were affected was higher than the control (p<0.5). Therefore, the results of the present study showed that the effect of probiotics is not only equal to antibiotics, but also has better and more useful effects in some cases, so it is possible to use probiotics instead of antibiotics. He suggested virginiamycin in the diet. Manuscript profile

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154 - Studying the therapeutic effect of Oliveria decumbens vent. plant essential oil in the treatment of bladder inflammation caused by Escherichia coli in male Wistar rats
Hossein Antikchi S Mashhady Rafie Negar Panahi کیومرث Amini

Antibiotic resistance, especially in Escherichia coli, is one of the most worrying issues worldwide. In addition, the side effects of chemical drugs have led scientists to use natural alternatives with better therapeutic effects and fewer side effects than common treatm More

Antibiotic resistance, especially in Escherichia coli, is one of the most worrying issues worldwide. In addition, the side effects of chemical drugs have led scientists to use natural alternatives with better therapeutic effects and fewer side effects than common treatments. Therefore, this research has studied the therapeutic effect of Oliveria decumbens plant essential oil in the treatment of inflammation in the bladder caused by Escherichia coli infection in male Wistar rats. The antibacterial properties of the plant extract were investigated using the standard microdilution method against Escherichia coli. Then, to cause cystitis, Escherichia coli bacteria with a concentration of 1.5 x 108 CFU/mL was injected into the bladder of mice, and then different concentrations of the extract and gentamicin were administered to them. Bladder histopathological parameters were evaluated at the end of the study. MIC and MBC of the extract against Escherichia coli were 0.32 μl/ml and 512 μl/ml, respectively. In the infected group without treatment, the infiltration of inflammatory cells and the thickness of the bladder tissue increased significantly, but in the extract-treated groups, especially at higher doses, these parameters decreased significantly (p<0.01). The effect of the extract in reducing the number of bacteria was comparable to gentamicin. In addition, after administration of the extract, inflammation, fibrosis and thickness of the epithelium also decreased in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.01). The results of this research showed that the treatment with the extract of this plant, which was prescribed as an oral supplement or subcutaneous injection, led to a significant decrease in the number of urinary bacteria and improved pathological changes in the studied mice. Manuscript profile

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155 - Study on antibiotic resistance and frequency of some genes of biofilm production in staphylococcus aureus isolated from mastitis of cow
مسعود SHamakhi فرهاد Mosa khani مجید Arjomand zadegan سمیرا Dezfoli

staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important bacterial cause of infectious mastitis is usually have reversible nature,chronic and resistant to treatment.one of the most convincing theories offered for the lack of effectiveness of antibiotic regimens in the treatme More

staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important bacterial cause of infectious mastitis is usually have reversible nature,chronic and resistant to treatment.one of the most convincing theories offered for the lack of effectiveness of antibiotic regimens in the treatment of S. aureus mastitis is both ability to build virulence factors and ability to generate and growth in structures called biofilms in infected tissues that can lead to resistance to most antibiotics.this research done on milk samples from 20 cows with clinical S.aureus mastitis.the result of antibiogram test are showed 100% resistance to antibiotics penicillin,cloxacillin,kanamycin,neomycin and streptomycin against revealed 100% susceptibility to antibiotics Enrofloxasin,Gentamicin,novobiocin,cobactan,nafpenzal,ceftiofor,florophenicol,lincospectin,   TETRA-DELTA  and gentamox.antibiotic susceptibility to antibiotics Tylosin,lincomycin,soltrim,trimethoprim sulfamethoxazol,tetracycline,ampicillin, and amoxicillin,respectively was  60, 0, 70 ,70, 0, 0, and 45% .about prevalence of fib, fnbB and bap genes that are involved in biofilm formation,results respectively to 85, 80 , 65 and 0% showed.the results indicate high ability of S.aureus in biofilm formation and resistance to antibiotics categories Beta-lactam and aminoglycosides.     Manuscript profile

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156 - Prevalence of sul genes in E.coli isolated from urinary tract infectious in Shahrekord
Mahnaz Shamaei Maryam Reisi Hossein Khodabandeh shahraki

Urinary tract infections is one of the most common infectious diseases and E. coli is one of urinary tract infection the most important factor. The purpose of this investigation is prevalence of sul genes in E.coli isolated from urinary tract infectious in Shahrekord to More

Urinary tract infections is one of the most common infectious diseases and E. coli is one of urinary tract infection the most important factor. The purpose of this investigation is prevalence of sul genes in E.coli isolated from urinary tract infectious in Shahrekord to form cross-sectional in 2013. Samples was prepared as sterile and in terms of urine tests, cultures and was studied. Investigation antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by disk diffusion method. As well as, for tracing Sul gene PCR reaction was performed in the presence of specific primers and the results was analyzed. In this study of 130 E. coli isolates studied 67 isolates (53/51%) resistance to co-trimoxazol was observed. The frequency of genes sul1, sul2 and sul3 was respectively 20/89%, 55/22% and 4/47%. In statistical analysis with chi-square test between to resistance sulfonamides and sul genes significant correlation was observed. The results showed that E. coli isolates are high resistant to sulfonamides that may be the indiscriminate use of these antibiotics. Manuscript profile

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157 - Investigate the frequency of genes sul and investigate the relationship between genes sul and Class I integrons in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates resistant to sulfonamides isolated from clinical cases in Shahrekord
Marziyeh Farsinejad Maryam Reisi JAMSHID Alibabaeishahraki Hossein Khodabandeh shahraki

Antimicrobial resistance is a common problem throughout the world. Acquire integrons is one One of the main causes multi- resistance in gram-negative microorganisms. The purpose of this study, Investigate the frequency of genes sul and investigate the relationship betw More

Antimicrobial resistance is a common problem throughout the world. Acquire integrons is one One of the main causes multi- resistance in gram-negative microorganisms. The purpose of this study, Investigate the frequency of genes sul and investigate the relationship between genes sul and Class I integrons in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates resistant to sulfonamides isolated from clinical cases in Shahrekord. In this study, antibiotic resistance 90 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical cases of Shahrekord,disk diffusion method was performed. In order to investigate resistance to sulfonamides of the antibiotic cotrimoxazole was used. Then using specific primers was performed tracing genes sul1, sul2 and sul3 and intI. After PCR reaction of 33 isolates resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole sul1 gene in 15 isolates (45/45%), sul2 gene in 20 isolates (60/60%), gene Sul3 in 2 isolates (6/06%) and the gene intI 27 isolates was found. The statistical analysis between genes sul1and IntI significant relationship was observed. The results of this study show that is a strong correlation between carry integrons and increased resistance to a number of different classes of antibiotics. Manuscript profile

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158 - Antibacterial potential of five lichen species from Arasbaran region against Dikerya chrysanthemi potatoes rot causal agent in the laboratory and storage condition
Seyedeh Maryam Shahidi Soleiman Jamshidi Mohammad Torabi

Potato is one of the important vegetables which is tremendously getting damaged by Dikerya chrysanthemi causing soft rot during storage. In order to utilize lichens antibacterial potential to the disease management, five lichen species collected from Arasbaran More

Potato is one of the important vegetables which is tremendously getting damaged by Dikerya chrysanthemi causing soft rot during storage. In order to utilize lichens antibacterial potential to the disease management, five lichen species collected from Arasbaran region including Pleopsidium gobiensis, Ramalina sinensis, Parmelina tiliacea, Anaptychia setifera and Lecanora argopholis were extracted using ethanol, acetone and diethyl ether as solvents and bioassayed in laboratory condition by disc diffusion, minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentration (MIC and MBC) methods. Pleopsidium gobiensis methanolic extract and Parmelina tiliace diethyletherextract were the most effective treatments against the bacterium with 7.9 and 6.6 mm of inhibition zone and 0.54 and 1.09 mg/ml of MIC and MBC, respectively. They were even more effective than Streptomycin which were used as positive controls. On the whole, P. tiliacea and P. gobiensis had the highest inhibitory effects on bacterial growth. In storage condition, spraying injured potato tubers with bacterial suspensionbefore or after selected lichens separate inoculations showed that all lichen treatments had protective and curative potential effects on bacteria, being able to save significant part of potato tubers from bacterial damage in comparison to the control. The most effective treatment was diethyl ether extract of R. sinensis applied after bacterial inoculation which could protect 91% of potato tubers from bacterial damage. Manuscript profile

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