Detection of coliform bacteria, determination of phylogenetic typing and antibiotic resistance profile of Escherichia coli in qanats and springs of East-Azerbaijan province
Subject Areas :
Food Science and Technology
N. Shabani Lokarani
1
,
J. Shayegh
2
,
J. Sadeghi
3
,
Z. Mousavi
4
1 - M.Sc of Microbiology, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
2 - Assistant Professor of Department of Microbiology, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran
3 - Assistant Professor of Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
4 - M.Sc of Genetic, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
Received: 2017-05-31
Accepted : 2017-05-31
Published : 2017-05-22
Keywords:
Escherichia coli,
Antibiotic resistance,
springe,
qanats,
Phylogeny group,
Abstract :
Escherichia coli as a fecal contamination and is considered as an index in water. The aim of this study was to determine the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of E. coli and antibiotic resistance of the isolates collected from qanats and springs in East-Azerbaijan province. For this purpose, 118 samples were selected from above mentioned area and examined by MPN method. The positive coliform samples were identified by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Afterwards, to determine the genetic diversity of E. coli isolates, phylogenetic typing we conducted by means of multiplex PCR. To determine the antibiotic resistance profile, antibiotic discs of Nalidixic Acid, Co-trimoxazol, Amoxicillin, Gentamaicin Ciprofloxacin, Chloramphenicol, Imipenem, Cefotaxime and Ceftazidime antibiogram were used. Based on results, 48% of the samples were evaluated as positive for coliform including 40% for E. coli and 19% for Klebsiella. Amongst 23 isolates confirmed as E. coli by PCR. Phylogenetic typing revealed that 44% of E. coli strains belonged to type D and B2 and 56% belonged to A and B1 phylotypes. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern showed that 92% of E. coli isolates were resistant to Amoxicillin. All E. coli isolates were sensitive to Imipenem. It was concluded that presence of pathogenic E. coli with high rate of antibacterial resistance in waters source could be considered as a human health hazard.
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_||_
· Aragones, L., López, I., Palazon, A., Lopez-Ubeda, R. and Garcia, C. (2016). Evaluation of the quality of coastal bathing waters in Spain through fecal bacteria Escherichia coli and Enterococcus. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 82: 288-297.
· Arbeit, R. D. (1999). Manual of Clinical Microbiology. ASM Press, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 116–137.
· Bouchet, V., Huot, H., Goldstein, R. (2008). Molecular Genetic Basis of Ribotyping. Comprehensive Microbial Resource, 21: 262–273.
· Chander Y., Gupta, S.C., Kumar, K., Goyal, S.M. and Murray, H. (2008). Antibiotic use and the prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria on turkey farms. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 88: 714–719.
· Chander, Y., Kumar, K., Goyal, S.M. and Gupta, S.C. (2005). Antibacterial activity of soil-bound antibiotics. Journal of Environmental Quality. 34:1952- 1957.
· Cheesbrough, M. (2005). District laboratory practice in tropical countries (part 2). Second edition, The Edinburgh Building Cambridg United Kingdom, pp. 136-142.
· Chiueh, L.C and Shiang W.H. (2001). Characterization of Escherichia coli serotype O157 strains isolated in Taiwan by PCR and moltilocus enzyme analysis. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 9(1): 12-19.
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· Clermont, O., Bonacorsi, S. and Bingen, E. (2000). Rapid and simple determination of Escherichia coli phylogenetic group. Applied and Environmental Microbiology Journal, 66(10): 4555-4558.
· Cowan, S.T. (1979). Cowan and Steel’s Manual for the Identification of Medical Bacteria. Third Edition, London, Public Health Laboratory Service England and Wales, pp.134-137.
· Diarra, M.S., Silversides, F.G., Diarrassouba, F., Pritchard, J., Masson, L., Brousseau, R. et al., (2007). Impact of feed supplementation with antimicrobial agents on growth performance of broiler chickens, Clostridium perfringens and Enterococcus counts, and antibiotic resistance phenotypes and distribution of antimicrobial resistance determinants in Escherichia coli isolates. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 73: 6566–6576.
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· Lecointre, G., Rachdi, F., Darlu, P. and Denamur, E. (1998) Escherichia coli molecular phylogeny using the incongruence length difference test. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale, 155: 1685-1695.
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· Rooklidge, S.J. (2004). Environmental antimicrobial contamination from terraccumulation and diffuse pollution pathways. Science of the Total Environment, 325: 1–13.
· Smith, J.L., Drum, Y., Dai, J.M., Kim, S. and Sanchez, J. (2007). Impact of antimicrobial usage on antimicrobial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli strains colonizing broiler chickens. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 73(5): 1404-1414.
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· Souza, V., Rocha M., Valera, A., and Eguiarte, L. (1999). Genetic structure of natural populations of Escherichia coli in wild hosts on different continents. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 65(8): 3373-3385.
· Tenover, F.C. (2006). Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria. American Journal of Medicine, 119 (6): 62–70.
· Van Soolingen, D., de Haas P.E., Hermans, P.W. and van Embden, J.D. (1994). DNA fingerprinting of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Methods in Enzymology, 235: 196-205.
· World Health Organization. (1996). Guidelines for drinking-water quality. Health criteria and other supporting information, 2nd Edition. WHO, Geneva.
