Investigating the performance, intestinal microbiology and blood parameters, following the addition of probiotic, and antibiotic to the diet of Arian breed broilers
Subject Areas : Journal of Comparative PathobiologyFarshad Najjar Asiabani 1 , Mojtaba Bazaei 2 , Mohammad Pouranian 3 , Seyed Ali Raeissadat 4 , S Belivand 5
1 - Doctor Veterinery Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Shushtar Branch, Iran
2 - DoctorVeterinery Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Shushtar Branch, Iran
3 - PhD student, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran
4 - DoctorVeterinery Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Shushtar Branch, Iran
5 - -DoctorVeterinery Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Shushtar Branch, Iran
Keywords: Arian broiler, Antibiotic, Probiotic, Virginiamycin,
Abstract :
Indiscriminate use of antibiotics causes the increase of antibiotic resistance and the transfer of antibiotic resistant genes from animals to humans, so it is necessary to find suitable alternatives for antibiotics to minimize these factors, which the present experiment pursued the same goal. 420 one-day-old broiler chickens were used for 42 days in the form of a completely randomized design with 7 treatments, 3 replications and 20 chickens per replication. The experimental treatments included the control diet and three levels of protexin and virginiamycin 10% (0.25, 0.5, and 0.75). At the end of the data analysis, GLM method was used to compare the averages with Duncan's multi-range test. In the entire breeding period, the amount of feed consumed under the influence of experimental treatments containing protoexin and virginiamycin decreased compared to the control (p<0.5). The effect of protexin on live weight, ready-to-cook carcass and average daily weight gain was significant, so that in the treatments containing protexin, the live weight and ready-to-cook carcass were higher than the control (p<0.5). The treatment containing 0.5% of protexin had the highest live weight and ready-to-cook carcass weight (p<0.5). The concentration of blood parameters of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, high, low and very low density lipoproteins and blood urea nitrogen were affected was higher than the control (p<0.5). Therefore, the results of the present study showed that the effect of probiotics is not only equal to antibiotics, but also has better and more useful effects in some cases, so it is possible to use probiotics instead of antibiotics. He suggested virginiamycin in the diet.
1. McMichael AJ, Lindgren E. Climate change: present and future risks to health, and necessary responses. Journal of internal medicine. 2011;270(5):401-13.
2. Azizpour A. A survy of Escherichia coli Contamination in eggs of Ardabil and determination of their Antibiotic Resistance. Veterinary Researches and Biological Products. 2021;4(4):112-20.
3. Amer M, Khan S. A comparison between the effects of a probiotic and an antibiotic on the performance of Desi chickens. Veterinary World. 2012;5(3):160.
4. Reddy MS, Reddy YR, Bhima B, Thirupathaiah Y, Reddy AR, Rao LV. Effect of different levels of thermotolerant probiotic yeast supplementation on biochemical and immune parameters in broilers. World J Pharm Pharmaceul Sci. 2013;2(6):4911-6.
5. Jabbari N, Fattah A, Shirmohammad F. Effects of Protexin Probiotic and Aquablend Avian Antibody on Performance and Immune System of Broiler Chickens. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science. 2016;6(4):951-6.
6. Song J, Xiao K, Ke Y, Jiao L, Hu C, Diao Q, et al. Effect of a probiotic mixture on intestinal microflora, morphology, and barrier integrity of broilers subjected to heat stress. Poultry science. 2014;93(3):581-8.
7. Parvez S, Malik KA, Ah Kang S, Kim HY. Probiotics and their fermented food products are beneficial for health. Journal of applied microbiology. 2006;100(6):1171-85.
8. Pouranian, Mohammad, Chaji, Nasiri B, Mohammad Taqi, et al. Comparison of the effect of probiotics with antibiotics on performance, intestinal microbiology, morphology of small intestinal villi and blood parameters of Japanese quail. Veterinary clinical sciences of Iran. 2022;15(2):77-92.
9. Azizpour A. Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella serotypes in chicken meat of Ardabil, Northwestern Iran. Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2021;15(2):232-46.
10. Gunal M, Yayli G, Kaya O, Karahan N, Sulak O. The effects of antibiotic growth promoter, probiotic or organic acid supplementation on performance, intestinal microflora and tissue of broilers. International Journal of Poultry Science. 2006;5(2):149-55.
11. Salehimanesh A, Mohammadi M, Roostaei‐Ali Mehr M. Effect of dietary probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic supplementation on performance, immune responses, intestinal morphology and bacterial populations in broilers. Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition. 2016;100(4):694-700.
12. Valipouri A, Rahimi S, Salehi TZ. The effect of growth promoter feed additives on performance of broilers challenged with Escherichia coli. 2012.
13. Ledezma-Torres R, Posadas-Cantu A, Espinosa-Leija R, Hernández-Escareño J, Fimbres-Durazo H, Riojas-Valdés V, et al. Effect of adding different levels of probiotics to broilers’ diets on gastrointestinal tract development and production performance. Afr J Microbiol Res. 2015;9(12):892-7.
14. Teshfam M, Vahdatpour T, Nazeradl K, Ahmadiasl N. Effects of feed additives on growth-related hormones and performance of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Journal of animal and veterinary advances. 2011;10(7):821-7.
15. Ferket PR, editor Alternatives to antibiotics in poultry production: responses, practical experience and recommendations. Nutritional biotechnology in the feed and food industries Proceedings of Alltech's 20th Annual Symposium: re-imagining the feed industry, Lexington, Kentucky, USA, 23-26 May 2004; 2004: Alltech UK.
16. Mollaei Kandellosi MR, Mirzaeei Aghjeh Gheshlagh F. Effects of Probiotic Saccharomyces cervisia and Organic Acids on Performance and Small Intestinal Morphology in Broiler Chickens. Research On Animal Production (Scientific and Research). 2013;3(6):25-34.
17. Hotessa N, Robe J. Ethiopian indigenous traditional fermented beverage: the role of the microorganisms toward nutritional and safety value of fermented beverage. International Journal of Microbiology. 2020;2020.
18. Chen Y, Chen T. Effects of commercial probiotic or prebiotic supplementation on production, size and quality of hens egg. Poult Sci. 2003;82(Suppl 1):330.
19. Gomez S, Angeles MdL. Effects of an enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast and yeast culture combined with flavomycin and monensin on finishing broiler chickens. Int J Poult Sci. 2011;10:433-9.
20. Jin L, Ho Y, Abdullah N, Jalaludin S. Growth performance, intestinal microbial populations, and serum cholesterol of broilers fed diets containing Lactobacillus cultures. Poultry science. 1998;77(9):1259-65.
21. Hashemzadeh F, Rahimi S, Torshizi MAK, Masoudi AA. Effects of probiotics and antibiotic supplementation on serum biochemistry and intestinal microflora in broiler chicks. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences (IJACS). 2013;5(20):2394-8.
22. Yadav H, Jain S, Sinha P. Antidiabetic effect of probiotic dahi containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei in high fructose fed rats. Nutrition. 2007;23(1):62-8.
23. Harisa G, Taha E, Khalil A, Salem M. Oral administration of Lactobacillus acidophilus restores nitric oxide level in diabetic rats. Australian journal of basic and applied sciences. 2009;3(3):2963-9.
24. Laitinen K, Poussa T, Isolauri E. Probiotics and dietary counselling contribute to glucose regulation during and after pregnancy: a randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Nutrition. 2008;101(11):1679-87.
25. Baghban-Kanani P, Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad B, Azimi-Youvalari S, Seidavi A, Ragni M, Laudadio V, et al. Effects of using Artemisia annua leaves, probiotic blend, and organic acids on performance, egg quality, blood biochemistry, and antioxidant status of laying hens. The Journal of Poultry Science. 2019;56(2):120-7.
26. Ashayerizadeh A, Dabiri N, Mirzadeh K, Ghorbani M. Effect of dietary supplementation of probiotic and prebiotic on growth indices and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens. Journal of Cell and Animal Biology. 2011;5(8):152-6.
27. Begley M, Hill C, Gahan CG. Bile salt hydrolase activity in probiotics. Applied and environmental microbiology. 2006;72(3):1729-38.
28. Lee D, Lyu S, Wang R, Weng C, Chen B-J. Exhibit differential functions of various antibiotic growth promoters in broiler growth, immune response and gastrointestinal physiology. International Journal of Poultry Science. 2011;10(3):216-20.
29. Liong M, Shah N. Roles of probiotics and prebiotics on cholesterol: The hypothesized mechanisms. Nutrafoods. 2005;4(4):45-57.
30. Paymard J, Nobakht A, Mazlum F, Moghaddam M. The effects of different levels of dried aerial parts powder and extract of pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium) medicinal plant on performance, egg quality, blood biochemical and immunity parameters of laying hens. Iranian journal of applied animal science. 2013;3(3):589-94.
31. HOFSHAGEN M, KALDHUSDAL M. Barley inclusion and avoparcin supplementation in broiler diets. 1. Effect on small intestinal bacterial flora and performance. Poultry Science. 1992;71(6):959-69.
32. Khovidhunkit W, Kim M-S, Memon RA, Shigenaga JK, Moser AH, Feingold KR, et al. Effects of infection and inflammation on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism: mechanisms and consequences to the host. The Journal of Lipid Research. 2004;45(7):1169-96.
33. Ziaei H, Torshizi M, Bashtani M, Naeemipour H, Zeinali A. Efficiency evaluation of antibiotic growth promoter's alternatives on immune response and some blood metabolites in broiler chickens. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. 2009;16(Special Issue 2):142-53.
34. Thyagarajan B, Deshpande SS. Cotrimoxazole and neonatal kernicterus: a review. Drug and chemical toxicology. 2014;37(2):121-9.
35. Amerah A, Quiles A, Medel P, Sánchez J, Lehtinen M, Gracia M. Effect of pelleting temperature and probiotic supplementation on growth performance and immune function of broilers fed maize/soy-based diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2013;180(1-4):55-63.
36. Zhang Z, Kim I. Effects of multistrain probiotics on growth performance, apparent ileal nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, cecal microbial shedding, and excreta odor contents in broilers. Poultry science. 2014;93(2):364-70.
37. Ahmad I. Effect of probiotics on broilers performance. International Journal of Poultry Science. 2006;5(6):593-7.
38. Haghighi HR, Gong J, Gyles CL, Hayes MA, Sanei B, Parvizi P, et al. Modulation of antibody-mediated immune response by probiotics in chickens. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. 2005;12(12):1387-92.
39. Hogg S. Essential microbiology: John Wiley & Sons; 2013.
40. Nahashon SN, Nakaue HS, Mirosh LW. Performance of single comb white leghorn fed a diet supplemented with a live microbial during the growth and egg laying phases. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 1996;57(1-2):25-38.
41. TAHMASBI A, FALAKIAN K, MOGHADDAM G, TAGHIZADEH A, BAYAT KJ. THE INFLUENCE OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIE, FORMIC ACID AND VIRGINIAMYCIN SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE Performance, carcass characteristic and the composition of the intestinal microflora in broiler. 2010.
42. Strompfova V, Marcinakova M, Gancarcikova S, Jonecova Z, Scirankova L, Guba P, et al. New probiotic strain Lactobacillus fermentum AD1 and its effect in Japanese quail. Vet Med Czech. 2005;50(9):415-20.
43. Hassanein SM, Soliman NK. Effect of probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) adding to diets on intestinal microflora and performance of Hy-Line layers hens. J Am Sci. 2010;6(11):159-69.
44. Peng M, Patel P, Nagarajan V, Bernhardt C, Carrion M, Biswas D. Feasible options to control colonization of enteric pathogens with designed synbiotics. Dietary interventions in gastrointesti
nal diseases: Elsevier; 2019. p. 135-49.
