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Open Access Article
1 - The Entry of Historical Narratives to Islamic Genealogy by the End of Third Century A.H: the Process and Motives
muhammad taqavi ali bayatNasab was important for Arabs as the identity of their tribes in pre-Islamic era. As Islam emphasised on the equality of all people so nasab significance was temporarily diminished. After the death of the Prophet, because of many factors, such as the centralism and deve MoreNasab was important for Arabs as the identity of their tribes in pre-Islamic era. As Islam emphasised on the equality of all people so nasab significance was temporarily diminished. After the death of the Prophet, because of many factors, such as the centralism and development of sovereignity, it was again a new attention to nsab and so that nasab-writing became one of the important genres of Islamic historiography. While the main subject of those works was the Arab tribes, the historical narratives also interpenetrated because of the arrival of non-Arab in the Islamic world and also the socio-political changes. According to nasab-works that remains from third century and the amount of historical narratives that intrantedto them, the relation between historical narratives and nasab-writing could be explained in three stages: first, before the third century AH that nasab-writings were distinguished from historical works. Second, from the late second century and the early third century A.H that they were combined in the works of historians such as Mada'ini and Zubayr Ibn Al-Bakkār in a limited extent. Finally, from the last middle of third Century A.H that historical narratives widely entered in the nasab-writing. So, inspite of its title, Ansāb al-Ashrāf could be regarded as a historical not nasab work. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The Function of Time Components at the Beginning of the Fifth and Sixth Volume of Tarikh-e Beyhaqi
Zahra Riahizamin fahimeh heidaryHistorical texts by the planning process for the expression of numerous events, are worthy for narratology investigations. The rules of narration let the historian to choose and describe an event among many events. As the narrative time is in profound connection with th MoreHistorical texts by the planning process for the expression of numerous events, are worthy for narratology investigations. The rules of narration let the historian to choose and describe an event among many events. As the narrative time is in profound connection with the plot, so it has an important role in the narrative Tactics. In this survey, in order to study the type of operation and apply the element of time on Tarikh-e Beyhaqi, the time elements Gerard Genette’s theory such as flashback and flashforward, omissions and summarization, descriptive pause and etc, has been evaluated by semiotic approach. Our results show that in Beyhaqi used the narrative time and in analysis this type of time, due to numerous encasement, a multilayer structure is created, so that we can say Tarikh-e Beyhaqi’s temporality is on a similar level with the plots. The main Characteristics of Beyhaqi’s narration in this field is extraction of semantic functions from the elements of the narrative time. In this section the narrator’s willingness and valuation is visible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - An Analyis about Etezad Al-Saltaneh‘s Narrativition Method in Iksir Al-Tavarikh
Mahbobe Taheri abbas sarafrazi mohmmad baghestani kozegar ardeshir asadbeigi mohammad nabi salimThe Examining the style of narration in historical sources is one of the most important points in historiography and causes the recognition of the constituent parts of a work such as perspective, linguistic structure, narrative techniques and art. The book Iksir Al-Tawā MoreThe Examining the style of narration in historical sources is one of the most important points in historiography and causes the recognition of the constituent parts of a work such as perspective, linguistic structure, narrative techniques and art. The book Iksir Al-Tawārīkh by I’tizād Al-Saltana, as a work in which the author, as a narrator, depicts historical events while expressing the function of the institution of power, using special narrative elements, can help to understand Qajar historiography. The present research is based on the hypothesis that due to some narrative features of the book Iksir Al-Tawārīkh how does make it as an outstanding work by showing the interaction of social and political conditions and historical figures. The author's narrative style is originated from the political, social, cultural and literary atmosphere of his time and he turned to historical events with a linear narrative and the historical characters are in accordance with social structure and way of thinking. Also, the structure of the narrative is formed by using reporting and aesthetic language, and as a result, by deciphering the narratives, one can understand the effect of power on the language of the historical narrative of the Qajar period Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Elements of postmodern cinema in the movie “Have You Another Apple?”
Seyede Sorayya Mousavi Seyed Mohammad Mehdizade TaleshiThe current study aims to recognize the elements of postmodern cinema in the movie “Have You Another Apple?” directed by Bayram Fazli in 2006. To this end Quantitative content analysis method was used in order to achieve the goals. The unit of analysis is &l MoreThe current study aims to recognize the elements of postmodern cinema in the movie “Have You Another Apple?” directed by Bayram Fazli in 2006. To this end Quantitative content analysis method was used in order to achieve the goals. The unit of analysis is “scene”. Statistical population of this research is 90 scenes of movie “Have You Another Apple?”. Data were collected through the census method and were analyzed using SPSS. The findings have been analyzed based on “intertextuality” and “decline of metanarrative”. The result shows this film is a postmodern movie without a classic hero. It involves the audiences in storytelling. The film is dominated by a pseudo-surreal sphere. The postmodern films include lots of signifiers that their signified is made in audiences' minds. “Have You Another Apple?” is full of signs and symbols. Many of scenes look like painting, so it could be concluded that the figure is dominant. The main character in “Have You Another Apple?” is not like the heroes in classic films; he is immature and fool. In the most scenes of this movie, human is portrayed as a “captive”. Based on the results characters rarely try to escape from oppression, and in the most scenes they surrender. At the end of the movie, nobody overcome the oppression. The movie denies the active and aware subject and the possibility of human liberation and emancipation. This film ends while the main character running that reminds “Sisyphus Cycle and the Futility”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Analyzing the Process of Adaptation in the Movie and the Book White Nights Based On Genet's Narrative Discourse
mohsen marasy mohammad javad farahaniAdaptation is one of the old methods of narration in the field of cinema. In text adaptation, one form of language is transformed into text in another form of language. The second text has its own narrative tool that can change the expressive spectra of the first work. MoreAdaptation is one of the old methods of narration in the field of cinema. In text adaptation, one form of language is transformed into text in another form of language. The second text has its own narrative tool that can change the expressive spectra of the first work. One way of recognizing this form of narrative is Gerard Genette narrative discourse. Genet divides texts into five parts in terms of narrative: order, temporal continuity, frequency, aspect, and sound. This view illuminates the backbone of the text, showing the similarities and differences, and helps the researcher to see the change in linguistic relations in the text as well. With the aim of researching the structure of the adaptation, this article intends to examine the film and the novel Bright Nights, relying on the narrative analysis model of Genet. Farzad Motman makes the film White Nights (2002), which is adapted from the novel White Nights by Fyodor Dostoevsky. This research, which is based on the collection of library and documentary information and comparative nature from the perspective of its basic purpose, raises the question of how the film discussed in this article, based on Genette views, has been able to organize its visual narrative based on written text. The conclusion is that due to the application of the model of narrative analysis proposed by Genet in the book of narrative discourse, there is a 47% similarity and a 53% difference between the novel and the film White Nights. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The effect of Earnings-Announcement Narrative and Investor Judgment with emphasis on behavioral biases
Hassan Chenari Bouket Bahman Banimahd Hamid AhmadzadehThe purpose of this study is the effect of Earnings-Announcement Narrative and Investor Judgment with emphasis on behavioral biases. This study was performed on 245 investment experts and managers and ordinary investors who were randomly selected in 1399. To analyze the MoreThe purpose of this study is the effect of Earnings-Announcement Narrative and Investor Judgment with emphasis on behavioral biases. This study was performed on 245 investment experts and managers and ordinary investors who were randomly selected in 1399. To analyze the data and test the research hypotheses, the structural equation model was used with the help of Smart PLS software. Findings from the study indicate that the effect of the tone of the Earnings-Announcement on the investor's judgment is significant in cases of neutrality and all-roundness, but in the case of conflict has no significant effect. According to the calculated t-statistics on the effect of behavioral biases on investor judgment, it can be said that in all three cases of neutrality, alignment and conflict are not statistically significant and the second and third hypotheses of the study are not confirmed. According to the above result, it can be acknowledged that the effect of the profit announcement tone through behavioral biases on the investor's judgment is not statistically significant and the fourth and fifth hypotheses of the research are not accepted. Among the control variables, the effect of mathematical literacy on investor judgment is statistically significant. Findings from the test of research hypotheses in accordance with the theory of information duplication processing Epstein (1996) is based on an analytical system that is not affected by emotions and feelings in judgment and decision and logic and reasoning play a major role in judging and decision making. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Study of Effects of Fiscal Policies in IRAN with an Emphasis on Macro-economic Environment
Elham gholami Kambiz Hozhabr KianiThis paper seeks to answer the question whether macroeconomic environment in the event of fiscal policies shocks will affect their efficiency. For this purpose, a two-stage approach and data during years 1357 to 1391 are used. First, fiscal policy shocks were recognized MoreThis paper seeks to answer the question whether macroeconomic environment in the event of fiscal policies shocks will affect their efficiency. For this purpose, a two-stage approach and data during years 1357 to 1391 are used. First, fiscal policy shocks were recognized as the residuals from estimating of first-order autoregressive model for government spending and tax revenues. Next, the shocks were considered as explanatory variables in the specified function. In addition, narrative approach is used to demonstrate the effects of economic position on the efficiency of identified shocks have been used by traditional methods. Thus, the macroeconomic environment on the basis of the key macroeconomic variables including money growth, inflation and unemployment to economic good and bad conditions is separated and composed using a combined dummy variable in the model. The results show the efficiency of government spending and tax shocks is dependent to the macroeconomic environment. JELClassification: K34, H21, C33 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - A Review of Paul Schrader's Selected Works from the Perspective of Cinema Critics
Maryam Solhi Mehdi Mokhtarpour -
Open Access Article
9 - Narrative Analysis of the Quality of Life of Female-Headed Households in the 19th District of Tehran in 2020
Sepideh Ahmadi Amirmasoud Amirmazaheri Majid Saffarinia -
Open Access Article
10 - The Comparison the Effectiveness of Solution-Focused Therapy and Narrative Therapy on Ways of Solving of Coping with Stress in Women with Chronic Headaches
Samaneh Amirifar Faredeh Hamidi Mojtaba Ansarei ShahideiIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of solution-oriented therapy and narrative therapy on problem-oriented methods of coping with stress in women with chronic headaches. Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre- MoreIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of solution-oriented therapy and narrative therapy on problem-oriented methods of coping with stress in women with chronic headaches. Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group with a 2-month follow-up phase. The statistical population was all women with chronic headaches who referred to neurology clinics in Tehran in 1402. In the first stage, 45 people were selected using the purposeful sampling method and then they were replaced in 2 experimental groups (15 people in each group) and a control group (15 people) in a simple random way. The analysis of the information obtained from the implementation of the questionnaires was done through SPSS software version 24 in two descriptive and inferential parts. Results: The results showed that both interventions in the post-test and follow-up phase had a significant effect on improving the problem-oriented methods of coping with stress compared to the control group (P<0.05). The results of Ben-Ferroni's post hoc test showed that narrative therapy is more effective than solution-oriented therapy on improving problem-oriented ways of dealing with stress (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it can be said that solution-oriented therapy and narrative therapy can be used as appropriate treatment methods to improve the problem-oriented methods of coping with stress in women with chronic headaches in centers. Counseling and psychological services should be used, and the priority is to use narrative therapy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Consumers’ Narratives of consumption, a window to consumers mind a Systematic Literature Review approach
Mohammad Rahim Esfidani Datis khajeheian Mahmoud Mohammadian Emad RahmanianNarratives is an essential part of human communications and has been used to transfer knowledge and experiences by humans. This provides an exceptional opportunity for marketing practitioners to use narratives as a methodological tool to better understand consumer behav MoreNarratives is an essential part of human communications and has been used to transfer knowledge and experiences by humans. This provides an exceptional opportunity for marketing practitioners to use narratives as a methodological tool to better understand consumer behaviors. Consumption narratives as a mean to understand consumer behavior gained popularity in the early 90s. A vast body of researches providing several definitions and features led to ambiguity on the subject. Also, there are not many resources available in Persian for researchers. Hence, to summarize the literature and providing a comprehensive definition and introducing this topic to Persian management literature, marketing practitioners; a systematic literature review approach was employed. This study, qualitative in nature, uses a systematic literature review to select the most prominent and influential articles to come up with a comprehensive definition. Several scientific databases were chosen and based on inclusion/exclusion criteria articles were selected. After a careful and deliberate residing, different definitions and features of consumptions narratives were extracted to formulate the final definition. A comprehensive definition based on several studies is presented. Also, features of different definitions are summarized to shed some light on the different aspects of consumer narratives. Finally, the classification of consumption narratives are provided for the first time in Persian management literature. Also, the method provided in this article might be used as a guideline to perform systematic literature reviews in future endeavors by other researchers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - An Analysis of the Impact of Holy Defense Traditions as a Cultural Component on Iran's National Authority
Reza jafariThe eight-year period of the Iraqi Ba'ath regime's war against the Islamic Republic of Iran, although it has had many losses in various fields, but its positive impact on the dynamics of national hidden wealth in various cultural, epic, military, and moral areas, Scient MoreThe eight-year period of the Iraqi Ba'ath regime's war against the Islamic Republic of Iran, although it has had many losses in various fields, but its positive impact on the dynamics of national hidden wealth in various cultural, epic, military, and moral areas, Scientific, industrial, artistic and ... undeniable. Sacred defense narratives are one of the achievements of the imposed war which the present study has attempted to study the impact of these narratives as one of the most important cultural components on the national authority of the country. This research was conducted with qualitative approach and its data were analyzed by interpretive method - one of the methods of analysis in qualitative research - and data collection was done by library method with tooling. Given that cultural authority is one of the important components of national authority and sacred defense narratives, it is one of the main features of cultural authority. Extracts from the texts related to the sacred defense narratives, among which the flourishing of the culture of national self-reliance and overcoming economic, political and propaganda pressures is the most important cultural symbol. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Historical empiricism Patterns and success processes of cooperatives to improve rural businesses in Iran
Sayed Ziya Hashemi Majid Fouladian Mostafa Teimoori Mahmood Teimoori Sayed Ahmad Mirmohammad tabarThe purpose of this study is to investigate the experiences, patterns and success processes of cooperatives in order to improve cooperative businesses. In order to achieve the purpose of this research, research narrative method was used. The statistical population of th MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the experiences, patterns and success processes of cooperatives in order to improve cooperative businesses. In order to achieve the purpose of this research, research narrative method was used. The statistical population of the study included successful cooperatives in the country. The statistical sample was selected based on purposeful and available sampling method from cooperatives in Tehran and Khorasan Razavi provinces, which was provided to the research team by the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare. The need was collected using the narrative interview technique. After conducting 18 interviews, consecutive and fragmented sections affecting the success of the cooperators were extracted as sub-narratives, and then different parts of the narrative were fragmented and a title was considered for each sequence. After extracting these sections, the success process of each cooperator was drawn and finally the general models were designed to cover the paths that led to the success of the cooperators, based on which four models reflect the historical paths taken by the cooperators. Is, it was drawn, the success of a cooperative may be a mixture of these processes or include one of these processes. The final extracted models include "Family Support Process Model", "Investment Model in Late and Previous Production Rings", "Self-Reliance Process Model" and "Export Entry Process Model". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - A Study of the Narrative Discourse of the Story of "The King and the Maid" in Movlavi's Masnavi Based on Propp's Morphological Theory
Maryam Hojjatipour Mehdi Mohammadi NiaStorytelling is a form of narrative that has been conveyed from people to people. In the meantime, the anecdotes of "Masnavi" are an infinite sea of pure human experiences. In the present study, the application of Propp's point of view in the story of "The King and th MoreStorytelling is a form of narrative that has been conveyed from people to people. In the meantime, the anecdotes of "Masnavi" are an infinite sea of pure human experiences. In the present study, the application of Propp's point of view in the story of "The King and the Maid" is examined to find out how to present the anecdotes and their differences and similarities with the usual narratives, the analysis of the story of "The King and the Maid" and the ability to adapt this narrative to Propp's model. This narration is a two-movement narration including 21 functions. The first movement has 16 functions that begin with evil and end with victory. The second movement consists of five functions that start with the need of a maid and end with joiner. Function needs to have the highest frequency with three repetitions, followed by mediation functions; helper action and notification are repeated twice. The findings of this paper indicate that with a slight shift in functions and the omission of others, Propp's theory of Masnavi stories can be extended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Comparing Balami history literature and Tha'lebi history literature
Ashraf farajzadeh asghar rezaporian Amir Hosein HematiHistorical works can also be considered as literary works. On the other hand, the term of narrative is one of the most important aspects of literature that has involved the minds of many scholars in the field of literary criticism in recent decades. But in the history o MoreHistorical works can also be considered as literary works. On the other hand, the term of narrative is one of the most important aspects of literature that has involved the minds of many scholars in the field of literary criticism in recent decades. But in the history of Iranian literature, "historiography" and historical works were considered literary works per se. Because the secretaries, the scholars and the writers involved in writing history and one of the most important foundation of historiography for them has been familiarity with the art of writing and skill in literary techniques. From the middle of the fourth century onwards, independent of Arabic rhetorical treatises, Persian rhetoric books were gradually written. So historical treatises are also criticized.An important book on the history of Bal'ami related to the fourth century, written by Bal'ami and the history of Tha’alebi, apparently written by a theologian. In terms of the type of narrative, style and context, the use of narrative components is a clear example of the change or how the use of rhetorical industries has changed in this century. The present article analyzes the differences between the narratives in these two works in terms of narrative components, such as perspective, the extent of using dialogue as a driving component of the plot and metaphor, and other narrative components based on the opinions of new critics in the field of narrative Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Analysis of two stories of "Homay and Darab" and "Moses and Pharaoh" based on the narrative pattern of Grimas
Ehsan AvaniBy studying the Qur'an and Ferdowsi's "Shahnameh", it can find similarities between the characters and their narrations. One of the most famous schools of narratology used in the study of literary texts is structuralism. By simplifying Prop's story analysis model, Grima MoreBy studying the Qur'an and Ferdowsi's "Shahnameh", it can find similarities between the characters and their narrations. One of the most famous schools of narratology used in the study of literary texts is structuralism. By simplifying Prop's story analysis model, Grimas showed that all the elements of a story can be analyzed and have an effective role. He introduces the role of characters in the narrative by presenting an action model hypothesis that is applicable to all narratives. Accordingly, in this research, it is tried to study the narrative structure of the stories of "Homay and Darab" and "Moses and Pharaoh" as an example of the stories of "Shahnameh" and the Qur'an based on Grimas' theory. After analyzing the text, it was concluded that based on the Grimas model, both stories are complete narratives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Narrative Sign- Semantics Analysis of Discourse: A Case Study of the Sea Locust Movie from the Fish Story of Majid Houshang Moradi Kermani
Ehsan Avani Majid PouyanIn this research, the presence of actors during the formation of meaning is investigated using the analytical approach of sign-semantics in order to show the conditions of production and reception of meaning in discourse. Also, the semantic relations in the story, which MoreIn this research, the presence of actors during the formation of meaning is investigated using the analytical approach of sign-semantics in order to show the conditions of production and reception of meaning in discourse. Also, the semantic relations in the story, which in addition to narrative signs, also discourse signs, play a role in directing the meaning of the story. Therefore, in this research, we will examine the "Sea Locust" movie based on the story of "Fish" written by Houshang Moradi Kermani from "Majid Story" and directed by Kiomars Poorahmad. This story revolves around Majid's character and his actions in his surroundings; In fact, the actor experiences crises throughout the story that leave the previous situation and deny it to reach a new situation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the sign-semantics chains of discourse, the grimace semantic square, the stress process of meaning, with the purpose of sign-semantics and the semantic relationships in the story in addition to narrative signs, discourse signs also play a role in the semantic direction of the story. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Application of the structural analysis of narration: narrative analysis of the play “The Visit of the old lady” by Friedrich Durrenmatt according to Roland Barthes point of view
Kambiz SafieiThe play “The Visit of the old lady” written by Friedrich Durrenmatt in 1955 has been recognized as his masterpiece by many literary critics. This play brought him international fame. The present article analyses the narrative structure of thi MoreThe play “The Visit of the old lady” written by Friedrich Durrenmatt in 1955 has been recognized as his masterpiece by many literary critics. This play brought him international fame. The present article analyses the narrative structure of this play especially according to Roland Barthes literary criticism approach and at the same time it tries to reveal the meanings and denotations through studying the functions and actions in the underlying layers of the play as a narrative. This is what Roland Barthes is after in the analysis of narratives. In fact what are revealed after analyzing this narrative are opportunism and profiteeringand debility of the will of society. People who kill ethics simply for the profit and act opposite to what they say. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Comparative Study of the Movie "Mum's Guest" Based on Gérard Genette's Theory
Ehsan AvaniThe story contains two main factors can be seen in all stories: the narration and the narrator and consider as the nature of each story. Gérard Genette – affected by Russian formalists – knows the story as a real form; thus he could offer an analysis MoreThe story contains two main factors can be seen in all stories: the narration and the narrator and consider as the nature of each story. Gérard Genette – affected by Russian formalists – knows the story as a real form; thus he could offer an analysis for all chronicle events and narrations and found the story format and theme by applying time and changes in story lines. He introduces the theory of time in narration based on three factors: regulation, continuity and frequency; he also considers the narrative science based on the story relations and the context especially time and aspect which are combination of narrative structure and transtextuality theory – it generally is the relationship of one text in another. The credit of the movie also is emphasized in the research as one of the 5 transtextuality samples. The article studies the narration techniques from Gérard Genette' viewpoint in one hand and the movie "Mum's Guest" on the other hand as the most important applied techniques. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - English Literature: From Ideological Mission to Postcolonial Condition
Mehdi JavidshadThe ongoing debates on the colonial essence of some sciences, including English literature, are not confined to Iran. This issue has been a global concern, and many intellectuals have discussed it all over the world. While some of such discussions are propagandic and no MoreThe ongoing debates on the colonial essence of some sciences, including English literature, are not confined to Iran. This issue has been a global concern, and many intellectuals have discussed it all over the world. While some of such discussions are propagandic and none-scientific, some others are systematic, reasonable, and illuminating and can be taken as theoretical background. These theories can be helpful in the substantiation or rejection of the possible misuses of science, literature, and English literature respectively, an amalgamation of which can lead to the formation of a solid theoretical background. In addition, these theories are able to explore the solutions of avoiding the shadow of ideology and colonization. First of all, by applying the existing theories, the present research aims at proving the ideological mission of English literature; then, by citing another set of theories, it tries to acknowledge the present-day anticolonial condition of this major and its departments in leading universities. In addition to the postcolonial approaches, this research proposes metanarrative insight as another required tactic that can act as a progressive step in the current changes of English literature. In the end, the present research avers that nowadays English literature, in its evolved form, is not only a neo-colonial apparatus but also is an anticolonial entity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - The Structure of Sub-Narratives in the Plot of Khosronameh; Based on the Model of Grimas Actors
Neda Najafi Manouchehr AkbariGrimas (1917) believes that there are six positions, including the sender, the receiver, the actor, the object, the deterrent, and the assisting force, and five positions, including the initial position, the destructive force, the intermediate position, the organizing f MoreGrimas (1917) believes that there are six positions, including the sender, the receiver, the actor, the object, the deterrent, and the assisting force, and five positions, including the initial position, the destructive force, the intermediate position, the organizing force, and the final position in each story. In the poem "Khosronameh", attributed to Attar, which is a lyrical and romantic poem, in addition to the said situations and positions, according to the role of a valuable object (Golrokh), which the main events of the story are created by his presence, except the main narrative, sub-narrative is formed with a plot separate from the main plot; As the multiplicity of characters caused numerous episodes in the story, and this is what adds to the appeal of this work. Accordingly, in this study, we intend to analyze the plot structure and the position of a valuable object in the story of "Khosronameh" based on the model of Grimas actors. The results of the present study, which has been provided in a descriptive-analytical manner using library resources, show that the existence of sub-narratives and plots hidden in the heart of the "Khosronameh" narrative, in addition to creating multiple structural patterns of plot caused suspense and various episodes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - A Study on the Application of Bel Ma’thour Interpretation Approach in Al Meydani interpretation
Mostafa Attar Abkenari Seyyed Mohammad Ali Ayazi Kazem Qazi ZadehThe interpretation of "Ma'arij al-Tafakor" has been written in an deductive way by al-Meydani, one of the contemporary Sunni commentators; one of the interpreter tools in this commentary is the application of “Bel Ma’thour” interpretation. In the prese MoreThe interpretation of "Ma'arij al-Tafakor" has been written in an deductive way by al-Meydani, one of the contemporary Sunni commentators; one of the interpreter tools in this commentary is the application of “Bel Ma’thour” interpretation. In the present study, while explaining how the commentator uses the narrations in detail, the relationship between the mentioned approach and the interpreter's deductive interpretation style has been surveyed. This research is a type of basic research based on theoretical studies that seeks descriptive content analysis by examining documents (library collection method) by categorizing the narrations used by the commentator in terms of the content of the narrations and the source of narration, a detailed explanation of Al-Meydani's performance in the field of effective interpretation and finally concludes that the main results of narrative interpretation based on Al-Meydani interpretation are not the result of attention to reduction and are derived from the non-deductive principles of the commentator such as his theological principles and beliefs and literary attitudes. It should be noted that this research is completely new in terms of content as well as studying the relationship between narrative interpretation approach and deductive style. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - naghshe hooshe manavi dar modiriat ba tekiyeh bar ayat ghoran va ravayat
ali rashidfarokhian sanjar salajagh aliraza manzariچکیدهیکی از انواع هوش، هوش معنوی است که ازموضوعاتمهم و ضروریدرحوزهمدیریتوکسب و کار است و تأثیرمستقیم و بسزایآنرابرمدیریت نمیتواننادیدهگرفت. جستجو در آیات و احادیث مبین این امر است که در کلام خدا و روایت و احادیث نیز مؤلّفههای هوش معنوی دیده میشود؛ بنابراین هدف از این Moreچکیدهیکی از انواع هوش، هوش معنوی است که ازموضوعاتمهم و ضروریدرحوزهمدیریتوکسب و کار است و تأثیرمستقیم و بسزایآنرابرمدیریت نمیتواننادیدهگرفت. جستجو در آیات و احادیث مبین این امر است که در کلام خدا و روایت و احادیث نیز مؤلّفههای هوش معنوی دیده میشود؛ بنابراین هدف از این پژوهش بررسی نقش و جایگاه هوشمعنویدرمدیریتباتکیهبرآیاتقرآنوروایات است که با روش توصیفی- تحلیلی، بر اساس مطالعات کتابخانهای و مبتنی بر رویکرد قرآنی وروایی انجام شده است و تلاش نویسندگان بر آن استتابااستفادهازآیات قرآن، روایات و احادیث، اهمیت، ارزش و نقش هوش معنوی و تأثیر آن را بر مدیریت و عملکردهای مدیران مشخص نمایند. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‎دهد کهشناختوباوربه ربوبیتخداوند؛معنیبخشیبهکاروزندگی،خودآگاهیعمیق،خردمندیمعنوی،تواناییاستفادهازمنابعمعنوی،ظرفیترفتارهایفضیلتمآبانه،روحیّۀخدمتگزاری،داشتنبصیرت،احساسمثبتداشتن،تواناییپرسیدنسؤالاتاساسیویافتنپاسخهایبنیادین،پایبندیبهعهدوپیمان،اعتدالدرهمهجنبههایزندگی ودرکمسئولیتهایفردیو اجتماعی از مهمترین ویژگیهای یک مدیر با هوش معنوی بالاست وقرآنکریم،روایات و احادیثمبانیروشنیرادررابطهبامؤلّفههای هوش معنوی و تأثیر آن بر مدیریتارائهنمودند و مدیران با هوش معنوی بالا با تکیه بر کلام خداوند در قرآن و الگوپذیری از سنتنبویوسیرۀعلوی، سبب ارتقاء روزافزون سازمان یا کسبوکار خواهند شد.واژههای کلیدی:هوش، هوش معنوی، مدیریت، قرآن، روایات. Manuscript profile -
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24 - The investigation and analysis of the narration time in the story of Moses (PBUH) from the perspective of Gérard Genette's theory based on the Quran
faramarz talaei mohammad farahmand sarabi vododo valizadeh faramarz jalalatAbstract The narration is one of the basic and primary aspects of any storytelling in which objects, places, and static aspects of the story and characters are represented. One of the components of narration is the issue of time, which has been the focus of various narr MoreAbstract The narration is one of the basic and primary aspects of any storytelling in which objects, places, and static aspects of the story and characters are represented. One of the components of narration is the issue of time, which has been the focus of various narratologists. French structuralist Gérard Genette is one of the most prominent theorists in this field. In addition to mood and voice, he considered the time and anachronism of the narration to be the most important components of the narration of the story in order to convey the message quickly and effectively. Considering the importance of this issue in the narrations of the Holy Quran, the present research has tried to point to the narrative theory of Genette through the descriptive-analytical method as well as the narrative time of the story of Moses (PBUH), which is one of the most prominent stories in the Quran. The result of this research indicates that although more of the techniques of the anachronistic (i.e., order, duality, and frequency) are used, through retrospect in the story the dominant aspect of the anachronistic is the frequency of a repeated type, and in the duality, it has mostly been with the state of deletion or summary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - A view on the definition of the devilry in the Glorious Koran based on narratives and comments
Leyla Ghasemi Babollah MohammadiThis article discusses the definition of devilry in the Glorious Koran. After defining the devilry in this article as regards to the Quranic verses, we have divided it in some secondary titles such as God’s examination, God’s tribulation, poly MoreThis article discusses the definition of devilry in the Glorious Koran. After defining the devilry in this article as regards to the Quranic verses, we have divided it in some secondary titles such as God’s examination, God’s tribulation, polytheismto God,, madnessandinsanity, Persecution of believers, weakness and tyranny acceptance (oppressive rule over the believers), big corruption, misdirection, cheating , excusing. Then, in each title, the related verses are discussed as regard to comments and somehow by using narratives. The most important examination and devilry for human being is his wealth and children. Sinceman’s attachment to them are more than every other thing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The opinions of the commentators of the Quran In recognition of "Treason Dabh”
Mohammadreza Hajiesmaili Faeze AliasgariSharifeh verse of "...Got us out of the land to them an animal that people were speaking slot for our signs Aaouknon »(Nml, 82) Bsyarprssh controversial and the revelations that the opinion of commentators is fantastic. The present article is to explain: (verse is MoreSharifeh verse of "...Got us out of the land to them an animal that people were speaking slot for our signs Aaouknon »(Nml, 82) Bsyarprssh controversial and the revelations that the opinion of commentators is fantastic. The present article is to explain: (verse is a sign indicating what happened? And whether the intention is to warn and or testimony in a court of divine justice And the "Dabh" is human or non human, And what kind of speech he is speaking and who his audience In this research the concept of "Dabh" in the words of the Quran in the range Appreciation of the comparison between the commentators on this verse in some of the interpretations Fryqyn done and the report referred to in the narratives And the emphasis is on the belief that the exclusion principle "Dabh Treason" The divine promise and fulfillment is possible, but its quality is Raznak And God did not express it in the couch and commentators Using narratives and evidence of each of the In this field have expressed. Manuscript profile -
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27 - The new approach on the Ijtehadi way of understanding and interpreting the Quran
parvin nabianAbstract In this paper, two major schools of interpretation,i.e. justifiability and Ijtihad are reviewed and their reasons are criticized and reviewed. And eventually the school of interpretation has been spoken about that can be considered a new explanation of the Ijt MoreAbstract In this paper, two major schools of interpretation,i.e. justifiability and Ijtihad are reviewed and their reasons are criticized and reviewed. And eventually the school of interpretation has been spoken about that can be considered a new explanation of the Ijtihad method and that could also be affirmed by the verses and narrations and on its base it could be clarified that the interpretation and explanation of the Qur'an is a divine duty that has been burdened on real commentators of the Quran (the perfect man), the first and leaders infallible Prophet (PBUH) and then divine scholars and jurists who are eligible for the time being, those that without connection with them and without taking use of their presence by asking them and examining one’s understanding of their sight (and not only use their accounts), the view of God in the Holy Quran would not be clarified as the great certainty. So that in the absence of their cognition and without using their views, one cannot sometimes get a preference among diverse concepts of the Quran that is due to the humanization of the realization and it often causes puzzlement and seduction in understanding the verses. Manuscript profile -
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28 - Types of Interpretation in Narrations with Emphasis on the Interpretive Narrations of Sadeghin (AS)
Hassan Hassanzadeh Seyed Mohammad Rastgoofar Mohsen KhoshfarOne of the types of interpretations of the Qur'an is interpretations which are referred as narrative interpretations. In these interpretations, which are a collection of interpretive narrations, these narrations have different types both in terms of content and method o MoreOne of the types of interpretations of the Qur'an is interpretations which are referred as narrative interpretations. In these interpretations, which are a collection of interpretive narrations, these narrations have different types both in terms of content and method of interpretive expression. One of the most frequent narrations in terms of content is interpretive narrations. On the other hand, in mystical interpretations and even the science of mysticism, the issue of interpretation is one of the most important issues. Knowing the types of interpretive narrations, in addition to being effective in understanding interpretive narrations, also plays an important role in understanding the ratio between these narrations and issues of mystical interpretation. This research is a descriptive-analytical method to express the types of narrations in which either interpretation has been expressed or interpretation has been done. As a result of research, many different types of interpretive narrations were obtained, including longitudinal, transverse, inner, literary-syntactic, synthetic, virtual, predicative, composition and comparative interpretations. Manuscript profile -
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29 - Thoughts of Supreme Leader; Roadmap for Realization of Modern Islamic Civilization
Tayyebeh Barkhordari Yasser SalariBasically, the purpose of recognizing the thoughts of Imam Khamenei is the creation of an intellectual system in line with the ideas of the guardian of society in the formation of Islamic civilization. In the present article, which has been compiled by the library of in MoreBasically, the purpose of recognizing the thoughts of Imam Khamenei is the creation of an intellectual system in line with the ideas of the guardian of society in the formation of Islamic civilization. In the present article, which has been compiled by the library of information and written in a descriptive – analytical method, the discussion of the necessity of addressing the thoughts of the Supreme leader is explained in two aspects: why attention to statements and the importance of extracting Quranic principles and their narration. The results of the research findings confirm that addressing his statements, both in terms of his unique personality traits, lifestyle and practical life can show the roadmap to achieve the great ideal of the revolution, namely the creation of a new Islamic civilization and readiness for the sunrise of the great leadership. Also, citing Quranic principles and narration of speeches, by showing their great revelatory support, will play an important role in proving the originality of thought, its permanence and influence, deepening the spiritual relationship between the Imam and the nation and expanding the audience's practical commitments. Manuscript profile -
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30 - Narrative Discourse Analysis in Palestinian Resistance Literature(Case Study: Passage to the Plaza)
Naeime Parandavaji Kobra Roshanfekr Maryam BakhshandehNarrative discourse is an important way to represent the actions, words, and thoughts of a story that arises from studying the distance between the narrator and the characters of the story. Leech and Short are among the most important theorists who have divided the meth MoreNarrative discourse is an important way to represent the actions, words, and thoughts of a story that arises from studying the distance between the narrator and the characters of the story. Leech and Short are among the most important theorists who have divided the methods of representation into five methods: direct, indirect, free direct, free indirect, and the narration of words and ideas. The present article analyzes these methods in a descriptive – analytical method by enumerating the ideas of the novel " Passage to the Plaza " (1990). The research findings show that the narrator has applied direct thought, thought reporting and free indirect thought to construct her fictional world; Because direct thinking allows the characters to express their concerns in various political, social, economic, social and cultural fields to the reader without intermediaries. In the indirect free method, the voice of the narrator and the character are mixed and the story is transmitted to the reader through two voices, enjoying various representations. The author paints a vivid picture of Palestinian society in the early years of the uprising (Intifada). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Analysis of the narrative technique of "short connection" in the novel "Al Farashe Zarqa" by Rabi Jaber
Fatemeh Abbasi Hafeshjani Leila Ghasemi Hajiabadi tahere chaldarePara-narrative is one of the most obvious styles of post-modern story writing. As its title suggests, it has been used to transition from a normal narrative to an innovative and unconventional one. In this postmodern method, which was proposed by writers from the last d MorePara-narrative is one of the most obvious styles of post-modern story writing. As its title suggests, it has been used to transition from a normal narrative to an innovative and unconventional one. In this postmodern method, which was proposed by writers from the last decades of the 20th century to breathe a new spirit into the novel, various and numerous contemporary components are used, the most important and prominent of which is "short connection", which means creating a triangular and triangular connection between the author. The audience is the author of the story and the author of the character. This article discusses the wide use of postmodern techniques in Rabi Jaber's fictional works and analyzes this technique in the author's novel "Al Farasha Zarqa" to show how contemporary Arab novelists, according to the stylistic requirements and literary currents of the world, use this method technically and Industrialists are employed. The result shows that Rabi Jaber has used this method in the mentioned novel for innovation, dynamism and creation of a new and new narrative, as well as introducing important and modern themes and breaking the old taboos of the classic novel and blurring the border between fantasy and reality. It should be noted that the method used in this research is descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile -
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32 - A Comparative Study of the Narrative and Content Structure of Two Folk Tales (Darabnameh and Bakhtiarnameh)
Khatereh Bakhtiary Haftlang Masood Motamedi Manijeh ZareiFolk tales are one of the literary genres that is derived from an ancient tradition in storytelling in which the storyteller uses various categories in order to entertain, character, spirits and aspirations of the Iranian people. And also depict their social history. Th MoreFolk tales are one of the literary genres that is derived from an ancient tradition in storytelling in which the storyteller uses various categories in order to entertain, character, spirits and aspirations of the Iranian people. And also depict their social history. The two popular and readable folk tales of Darabnameh, Tartousi and Bakhtiarnameh of Daghayeghi Marvzi, are this kind. Whereas long folk tales have a high research capacity; The present study is dedicated to examining and comparing the narrative and content structure of these two stories. In this research, which has been done analytically-descriptively and using library studies, after reviewing and analyzing the validity and content of the two works, it has been obtained that the narrative structure of Darabnameh is more robust and attractive than that of Bakhtiarnameh. Enjoys. Also, in terms of content, Darabnameh is the presence of the golden and ancient culture of Iran, but in Bakhtiarnameh, we are mostly dealing with Islamic culture. Manuscript profile -
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33 - A study of Narrative in Abutorab Khosravi’s Asfar-e-Kateban (The Book of Scribes) Through the Lens of Gérard Genette's Narrative Theory
Mina Karami Manizheh Fallahi Ali EskandariGerard Genet, a prominent structuralist narrator, has proposed a comprehensive blueprint for narrative texts. He has proposed three aspects of narrative structure in his narrative theory including grammatical time (order, frequency, duration), dimension (distance and fo MoreGerard Genet, a prominent structuralist narrator, has proposed a comprehensive blueprint for narrative texts. He has proposed three aspects of narrative structure in his narrative theory including grammatical time (order, frequency, duration), dimension (distance and focus) and the tone or sound (narrator in three levels: meta-narrative, narrative level and sub-narrative). This study, examines the novel Asfar Kataban, by Aboutrab Khosravi based on the theory of Genet’s narratology with a descriptive-analytical method. The results of this research indicate that the author has created temporal distortion by using the method of flashback. He has slowed down the narration of the story by eliminating and summarizing it, and has slowed down the narration by expressing a descriptive delay. Also, in critical moments, with the frequent repetition of a narration, the importance of the incident has been highlighted, and the novel has reached the meta-fiction level with the multiplicity of narrators and narrations, anachronism, the death of the author and the narrative nature of history. Manuscript profile -
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34 - Amir Arsalan's fictional application to the narrative theory of Tzotan Todorov
naeimeh safaei nia Amir Esmail AzarAmir Arsalan Namdar is one of the surviving oral story writers of ancient Persian literature. They have considered it as the intersection of traditional storytelling and novelism in Iran. Folk tales have always been the focus of structuralists and narrators. In the mean MoreAmir Arsalan Namdar is one of the surviving oral story writers of ancient Persian literature. They have considered it as the intersection of traditional storytelling and novelism in Iran. Folk tales have always been the focus of structuralists and narrators. In the meantime, Todorov has found remarkable success in exploring mythical narratives, especially tales. In this article, we analyze the narrative aspects of the Amir Arsalan Namdar story. he predominant state of the propositions in the story is the Predictive and it is the time of the past verbs. In the meantime, there are more hypothetical funds. The conditional and predictive aspects are both equally in the story. Forecasts made by Ramel and Astrolabe are often correct and People prediction is probably wrong. The number of wishes is greater than the mandatory This shows that the aspirations of individuals advance stories and events more than the laws governing society. In the Todorov classification, Amir Arsalan is placed in the mythical narrative. Manuscript profile -
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35 - Combining Narratives in Fariba Vafi’s My Bird in the Light of Sructuralist Idioms
Behzad Pourgharib Masoud AhmadiThe understanding of narratives is examined and analyzed through a theoretical science known as narratology, and what has emerged from the structuralist foundations of narratology is known as combining narratives. The structuralist idioms and key narratological issues o MoreThe understanding of narratives is examined and analyzed through a theoretical science known as narratology, and what has emerged from the structuralist foundations of narratology is known as combining narratives. The structuralist idioms and key narratological issues of narratologists' ideas that have been established in this subject will be examined in this study, as well as examining the story of My Bird by Fariba Wafi utilizing the content analysis approach and the information acquired from it. Wafi is one of the female writers who, in the context of female narration in the story of My Bird, has been able to embrace the audience with this story and build a narrative story based on the components addressed in this study termed characterization, focus, and narrative time. The evolution of the characters in the story can be noticed in its evolutionary process by studying these components in the topic of characterization in the realm of direct and indirect description, action, speech, appearance, character strength through analogy, and environment. And the discussion of travel and migration in the external and interior features of the minds of the male and female characters of the story leads to their psychological structure in the discussion of the narrative chain and in the discussion of centralization, Individuals got focalized in discussions of psychological components, and the frequent use of the verb in narrative time discussions became a generalizable result for underdeveloped characters. This article has been done by descriptive-comparative analytical method. Manuscript profile -
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36 - Language as the Representation of Postmodernism in the book “Asfar-eh Kateban” (The books of scribes)
Azardokht Khatibi Rahim Taher Reza FahimiThe Book of Scribes (Asfare Kateban) is a different novel whose summary requires substantial care and attention. The different features of this novel are in harmony with the constituent elements of postmodern stories since it consists of several narrations that are some MoreThe Book of Scribes (Asfare Kateban) is a different novel whose summary requires substantial care and attention. The different features of this novel are in harmony with the constituent elements of postmodern stories since it consists of several narrations that are somehow related to each other. But its beginning and ending are unclear. Its beginning is related to one narration and its end is taken from another narration. There are many contradictions and inconsistencies in its components. Therefore, its audience must be a storyteller, and have a postmodern worldview in order to be able to search for its scattered components. But all this feature can only be transmitted to the audience through language. A language that has its own difficulties. It is not transparent and does not value the boundaries of both time and two-time. The language he wants is both an expression and a means of expression on dream and dream data, nightmares, myths, symbols, illusions and imagination. However, the information in this article is provided in a library style and then described using an analytical method. In general, it seems that the author, with many inter-textual references, tries to turn the reader's attention to mythological, historical, personal, social and psychological issues and to show that man is not alone and from the history of our land, the only voice of tyranny and oppression can be heard. It is always written in the absence of oppressed people. Manuscript profile -
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37 - The Comparative Use of Narrative Time in the Discourse Layer in Two Narrative Works “Pelleas and Melisande” and “Zal and Rudabe” Based on Gerard Genette’s Theory
Hanieh Amini Masoome khodadadi Mahabaad Ashraf CheginiUnderstanding the events and content of each story is closely related to the time of its narration. Genette, as the most influential theorist regarding text time in narratological criticism, facilitates the discovery of the details of narrative time. The purpose of this MoreUnderstanding the events and content of each story is closely related to the time of its narration. Genette, as the most influential theorist regarding text time in narratological criticism, facilitates the discovery of the details of narrative time. The purpose of this essay is to compare narrative time with an emphasis on Genette's comprehensive theory and his structuring mechanisms in the two narratives of Peléas and Mélisande and Zal and Rudabe from three perspectives: temporal order, delay and frequency, in order to analyze the general rules of narrative time and its regularities. This research, with a descriptive-analytical approach based on library studies and with an emphasis on the commonalities and differences of the application of the narrative technique of the time of narration, deals with the comparative analysis of two stories. The narrative structure of these two works, from Genette's point of view, have a different chronological order. The narrative work of Peles and Melisande has a regular linear temporality that gives strength to the dramatic aspect of the work, but in Zal and Rodabe we see the disruption of the chronological sequence of events and numerous past and future predictions. Therefore, Pelleas and Melisande, unlike Zal and Rudabe, does not have a time lapse, and its delay in the narration time in the two stories is based on staging, and the dramatic form has turned these two works into dialogue-filled texts. In addition, the frequency of single quotation in two narrations is the dominant aspect. Manuscript profile -
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38 - Layered Stylistics of the Novel of Hasti (Existence) by Farhad Hassanzadeh
somayeh avarand seyed Ahmad Hosseini Kazerooni seyedJafar Hamidi Mohamad Reza ShahbaziUsing new branches of stylistics and retrieval of appropriate tools for analyzing Persian texts can open a new window to them. the present descriptive and content analysis study attempted to examine the novel of Hasti (Existence) by Farhad Hassanzadeh, which has receive MoreUsing new branches of stylistics and retrieval of appropriate tools for analyzing Persian texts can open a new window to them. the present descriptive and content analysis study attempted to examine the novel of Hasti (Existence) by Farhad Hassanzadeh, which has received a lot of attention in terms of critical stylistics, in the context of narrative and textual macro-layers with the analysis of focalization, the degree of continuity of focalization (variable and multiple focalization) and focalization facets (the perceptual facet of time in order, duration, frequency, location, and the ideological facet), as well as the phonetic, lexical, syntactic, pragmatic and rhetorical sub-layers in relation to its outer layer (situational context). The findings suggested that there are some stylistic variables in the text that has led to the discovery of an ideology and the explanation of current social issues such as war, poverty, etc. On the other hand, the type of employing the sentences with respect to audience analysis has encouraged the adolescent audience to welcome the novel and has led to its national and international success. The present study introduced the critical stylistics of the adolescents’ novel as an applied practice in the field of stylistics studies in children’s literature, and provided a deeper understanding of the adolescents’ novel by analyzing the text. Manuscript profile -
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39 - The Misogyny-Philogyny Paradox (A Comparative Study of Woman in One Thousand and One Nights and The Canterbury Tales)
Nozhat NoohiThe position and the role of women in society, and the altered positive and negative attitudes towards them had frequently been reflected in all types of literature -- classic and modern, Eastern and Western. Nowadays by the expansion of female-oriented propensities lik MoreThe position and the role of women in society, and the altered positive and negative attitudes towards them had frequently been reflected in all types of literature -- classic and modern, Eastern and Western. Nowadays by the expansion of female-oriented propensities like Feminism and its crossing the borders of literature, studies and researches on unilateral and even misogynist attitudes of some authors towards women have also been found urgent and necessary. The present paper focuses on these attitudes in two famous works of the world literature: One Thousand and One Nights, which is the most famous collection of old folk tales from East, and The Canterbury Tales, by English fictionist and poet Geoffrey Chaucer. These two works are almost similar in some respects, such as historical period, social background, and literary style. The researcher has tried to comparatively study the "woman" in them to reveal some paradoxical scope of misogyny and philogyny in both. Manuscript profile -
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40 - Application of Gremas’ Actional Pattern in the analysis of Narratology Missing Soluch (Jaye Khalie Soluch) by Mahmoud Dowlatabadi (Case study: "Wake up Mergan and the absence of Soluch)
Ahmad Hosseinpoor Sarkarizi Mahyar Alavi Muqaddam Mahmoud Firoozi MoghaddamGreimas is one of the most important theorists of Theory of Narrative Semiotics, aiming of knowing meaning and its structure, Greimas tried to achieve the global grammer of narrative language. In the analysis of narrative texts, Greimas’ actional pattern is better MoreGreimas is one of the most important theorists of Theory of Narrative Semiotics, aiming of knowing meaning and its structure, Greimas tried to achieve the global grammer of narrative language. In the analysis of narrative texts, Greimas’ actional pattern is better than other narrative pattern and tries to Discourse Action. Analyze the content of the text. Gremas is one of the theorists in Structuralism, which provides a comprehensive and universal model for analyzing narrative texts. Narrative, the dynamics of the characters and the elements of interna-text because of application of the stream of consciousness, the analysis of dialogue between the fictional elements are functions of Gremas’ Actional Pattern In this paper which its method is analysis and descriptive, the fundamental question is whether the novel written in surrealistic space, how much Greimas’Theory of Narrative Semiotics can analyze at the narrative structure (plot), and which is the factors of discourse in the production of meaning based on Greimas’ actional pattern?. The story of “Wake up Mergan and the absence of Soluch " in Missing Soluchhas a narrative structure, and its deep construction can be explained and analyzed with Narratology of Gremas’ Actional Pattern. Manuscript profile -
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41 - Women’s Presence in Eskandar-nāma as Narrated by Ferdowsi
Masumeh Shahsavari fateme heydariFerdowsi’s Šāh-nāma, Iranians’ greatest epic in verse, is comprised of stories, myths and historical events which are all interrelated and interwoven together, so that excluding or leaving out any part of it disintegrates the whole. Šāh-nāma pr MoreFerdowsi’s Šāh-nāma, Iranians’ greatest epic in verse, is comprised of stories, myths and historical events which are all interrelated and interwoven together, so that excluding or leaving out any part of it disintegrates the whole. Šāh-nāma provides one of the sources for the story of Alexander (Eskandar) the Great who invaded Iran and brought a debacle to the Achaemenids, and so did he commit his very sin of his ruling period. He is, however, a man of different credit as presented in Šāh-nāma. He is not an evil as a whole. His treatment of women is noteworthy. This article is to investigate his character through a rather feminine point of view and compare and contrast two warrior Alexanders; one as a historical character and one as introduced in Šāh-nāma. Manuscript profile -
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42 - Cases of Keeping Silent of Female Characters in Persian Literature: A Survey
Ataollah Koupal -
Open Access Article
43 - Religion and Post-Modernism challenges in Adonis poems: An Epistemological Approach
Khalil parvini Kobra Rawshanfekr Seyyed Hossain HossainiThe philosophical basis of postmodernism, especially in cosmological sphere, is on the lack of the belief in the metaphysics and the skepticism in efficiency of religious framework for understanding human essence which is based on rationality, instinct and revelation. T MoreThe philosophical basis of postmodernism, especially in cosmological sphere, is on the lack of the belief in the metaphysics and the skepticism in efficiency of religious framework for understanding human essence which is based on rationality, instinct and revelation. The sovereignty of language is very important in this trend, because the language from this point of view is the essential device for understanding values and their mechanisms. Within the postmodern ideology, language and all its manifestations are understood as cultural symbols outside the realm of "absolutism". This attitude led to impose "relativism" and "individualism" upon the exhaustive principles (grand narratives) that were earlier considered universal. This philosophical effort especially in metaphysics and occult fields has not yet reached to reliable facts. The focus of this paper is on the study of the challenge of religion and Postmodernism and the anxieties emerged from it in the poetry of Adonis. The article in a descriptive-analytical method and by a philosophical-cognitive approach studies those poems of Adonis that bear such philosophical outlooks. It concludes that postmodernism in the poetry of Adonis shows this tension in the following fields: relativism; denial of absolutism; refute of grand narratives and disobedience to religion which do not conform to the absolute religious principles of monotheism, especially of Islam. In this study we have also pointed to the philosophical differences that postmodernism has brought about, because of its distance from the religion of Islam and its interaction with the texts of the other revealed religions. So, it is clear that the problem of the Western postmodern philosophy with religion results from the idea that their religious text does not provide them with convincing knowledge in most cases. What we have seen in those texts, therefore, is a multiple and contradictory interpretations throughout different periods, the interpretations that postmodernism announced its main desires, that we see so much in the poetry of Adonis with a philosophical taste. Manuscript profile -
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44 - The Reflection of Triple-Narratives of Redemption in Works of Mikha'ilNa'ima and Ahmad Shamlou from a Lyotardian perspective
Haniyeh Majidi Fard Ahmadreza Heidaryan Shahri Bahar SeddighiThe issue of emancipation in contemporary times became more important with the rise of the intellectual movement and scientific advancement. The French philosopher and postmodernist, Jean-François Lyotard, considers redemption as the most important narrative, and MoreThe issue of emancipation in contemporary times became more important with the rise of the intellectual movement and scientific advancement. The French philosopher and postmodernist, Jean-François Lyotard, considers redemption as the most important narrative, and is of the view that this narrativeembraces three parts, namely, the Marxist historical narrative,the Christian religious narrative, and the intellectual evolution narrative. In this era,committed literature, which is concerned with social and individual needs, was booming due to the effects of political issues. This type of literature is widely available in Persian and Arabic literature as well-known writers, includingMikha'ilNa'ima and Ahmad Shamlouhave produced a large number of writings with regard to human redemption in terms ofanthropological, philosophical, political and social issues. The present study attempts to bring to the fore and examine the above-mentioned narratives in the writings of these two literary scholars. This study examines howthe three narrativesare reflected in Persian and Arabic literature and analyzes the freedom thought in the works of Mikha'ilNa'ima and Ahmad Shamlou from a Lyotardianperspective. The overall results suggest that three redemption narratives have been constructed in the contemporary era and they are widely present in Na'ima and Shamlou’s works. Manuscript profile -
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45 - The Function of Narrative Plot in Formation of Organic Unity in Free Poetry: A Case Study of Badr Shākir al-Sayyāb and Mehdi Akhavān Sāles
Aliasghar Ghahremani Moghbel Fereshteh Yadegari Hojjat Rasouli Amir FarhangniaThe beauty of the literary work, especially free poetry, is due to the cohesion of its different parts in form and content, so that it appears to the reader as a coherent construction of harmonious units from the beginning to the end. Organic unity is one of the most pr MoreThe beauty of the literary work, especially free poetry, is due to the cohesion of its different parts in form and content, so that it appears to the reader as a coherent construction of harmonious units from the beginning to the end. Organic unity is one of the most prominent issues raised after the emergence of free poetry of which the plot is the most important element. In this article, the authors examine the organic unity of narrative plot and its importance in forming organic cohesion and coherence of the constituents of poetry through the comparison between the pioneers of Arabic and Persian free poetry, Badr Shakir al-Sayyab and Mehdi Akhavān Sāles, from a comparative view point and reliance on the American school. They are also examine how each of these poets uses these elements. The findings of the research show that Akhavan is more successful in applying narrative plot, including rising and falling action (gereh goshāei and gereh afkani), in formation process of organic unity, because his poetry is in a clear linear process that is materialized this by using rising and falling action as well as logical systematic sequences of thoughts in which the richness of the Persian heritage in fictional language has been effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - ultra narrative in the novel "The Game of Forgetting" by Muhammad Barada
Shahram DelshadAl-Mutasardi or Al-Mitarwa'i or Al-Miyataqas, all of which have several words for the meaning of Al-Wahd. Alrvayyvn Bghyh Llvsvl to Thtym Alam Alrvayy Almtkhyl Alzy Kan Yshbh Balvaq Vymasl indeed Tmasa Hrfya, height Astkhdmva'm addicted Alalyat Valadvat per Alrvayh Ltkh MoreAl-Mutasardi or Al-Mitarwa'i or Al-Miyataqas, all of which have several words for the meaning of Al-Wahd. Alrvayyvn Bghyh Llvsvl to Thtym Alam Alrvayy Almtkhyl Alzy Kan Yshbh Balvaq Vymasl indeed Tmasa Hrfya, height Astkhdmva'm addicted Alalyat Valadvat per Alrvayh Ltkhrj as Almhakah Alhrfyh just Htrafyh, Fhv Kalsrd exorcised facing Ykhrj Alrvayh I Alvaqyh Albhth, Widmer alcohol Alzy the Ldy Almtlqy Lqbvl Alvqay Valahdas And the test of personalities and natures, the conflict of the righteous, and the firmness of the foundations and the firmness of the author. Yqvm Alrvayy hotels Alsrd Almytaqsy assigned to recruit'm addicted Alalyat Valmvshrat facing Yekhelqan Alnzm Alrvayy Valmntqyh chips per Alsrd, Kahtkak Alam Almtkhyl Balvaq, Tmazj Alrvayh Balnqd, Alatraf Bsnayh Alrvayh hotels Alrvayy entry per Alsrd, Tdakhla Mbashra, reflect Alsyrh autoimmune Llkatb lodging it mentioned Vsfafth.yjdr Here are some of the narrations in the legitimacy of the new narration. The establishment of the narration on the basis of the form of the new narration, in which the narrator is with the new narrators and their authorities and councils, and their employment is directed in the practice of the cold with success. The narrators of the moment until the second of the narrators of the Arabs, looking at the knowledge of the cash, which comes after the interpretations and the considerations of the cash in the Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - The Problem of Identity Crisis in the Post-Colonial Criticism: Clarifying the Constituents of Identity Crisis in the Narrative Analysis
Boshra Jazayerirad Faramarz Mirzaei Khalil Parvini Hadi Nazari MonazamIdentity and identity crisis is the basis of post-colonial critique deals with ego-other polemics or colonized-colonialist confrontation and its consequences on the colonized identity crisis. Identity and dependency are introduced widely in a post-colonial novel and sto MoreIdentity and identity crisis is the basis of post-colonial critique deals with ego-other polemics or colonized-colonialist confrontation and its consequences on the colonized identity crisis. Identity and dependency are introduced widely in a post-colonial novel and story writers raised repeatedly the consequences of east-west confrontations on post-colonial identity in their works, because communicate with 'other' awakes the sense of dependency to identity in individuals and leads them to an independent and distinct identity. The 'other' from eastern perspective is the colonialist west that tries constantly to destroy their identities. The contemporary Arab novel dealt greatly with the ideals and issues of the society including the identity. So, it deserves to mention that the identity crisis and its reflections in the modern story writing which is caused by east-west confrontations. Thus, considering the importance of the 'identity crisis' in post-colonial criticism and the frequency of its introduction in Arabic stories, the present study relied on the components of post-colonial criticism, descriptive-analytic method, as well as application of deduction, accuracy and comparative reading intended to present new indicators to the analysis and reading identity crisis in novels. The indicators consist of six components: self-abasement complex; westernization; schizophrenia; castration anxiety; alienation backwardness and violence. By application of these components and examining the amount of each one in the story, understanding the identity crisis becomes easier and more accurate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Analyzing the Point of view in the Poetry of Reza Barahani and Farouk Gouida from Todorov's Perspective
Ismaeil Hoseini Ajdad Niaki Hamed PoorheshmatiPoint of view is one of the most important terms in contemporary narrative studies, because it is an attempt to reduce the narrator's control over the text and a method to show the narrator's perception and view of the target topics and relationship establishes with oth MorePoint of view is one of the most important terms in contemporary narrative studies, because it is an attempt to reduce the narrator's control over the text and a method to show the narrator's perception and view of the target topics and relationship establishes with other characters. Todorov pays attention to the cognitive and intellectual aspect of the point of view and uses it to control the characters' insight into various events or to inform the narrator's understanding of other characters. Reza Barahani and Farouk Gouida are modern poets in contemporary Persian and Arabic poetry who pay attention to the events of the narrative and the behavioral changes of its characters when faced with various issues, as they value the narrator's participation in the narrative, so that the narrator in their poems has the freedom of action and the power to move to any place and time, but often, instead of direct intervention, they summarize and analyze the events after their occurrence. Since Todorov's critical theory in examining the point of view has a significant impact on literary criticism, the present research has applied this significant impact in the poetry examples of two modernist Iranian and Arab poets in order to understand the narrator's basic views on challenging issues in the real and imaginative worlds of the two poets. This descriptive-analytical article intends to examine the point of view patterns of two poets from Todorov's viwpoint, according to the American school of literature. The results indicate the dynamics of the three main techniques that Todorov has considered in the classification of the point of view, including the "back view" technique, which is distinguished by the narrator's preoccupation with the deep expression of the subject in the " Gouida " poem, and on the contrary, the narrator in the Barahani poem is evasive of it. The technique of "simultaneous vision" in Barahani's poem is distinguished by the peaceful coexistence of the narrator with the character or his participation in his life's affairs, and in Gouida's poem, it is used in the context of the narrator's conflict with the character and questioning him about his actions and thoughts. In the "view from outside" technique of Barahani's poem, the narrator deliberately hides the truth, and in Gouida's poem, it shows her inability to discover the truth. Manuscript profile -
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49 - A Study of Narrative Time in the Novel Frānkenštāin fī Baghdād (Frankenstein in Baghdad) based on the model of Gerard Genet
Foad Abdollahzadeh Isa Zare Dorninani Abdolbaset Arab Yosouf Abadi Mohammad YaghobiTime has the most obvious function to improve the structure of the story among the constituent elements of the story. Gerard Genet, as one of the theorists in this field, provided a clear theoretical framework for evaluating and analyzing the element of time in the stor MoreTime has the most obvious function to improve the structure of the story among the constituent elements of the story. Gerard Genet, as one of the theorists in this field, provided a clear theoretical framework for evaluating and analyzing the element of time in the story. Genet believes that in analyzing narrative time and comparing it with calendar time, three important categories such as order, continuity and frequency should be analyzed in order to extract and evaluate the most important narrative techniques used in each work of fiction. Ahmad Saadawi's novel Frānkenštāin fī Baghdād (Frankenstein in Baghdad) is a suitable novel for analysis based on the Genet model due to its great emphasis on time. Therefore, in the present study, an attempt is made to investigate the element of time in the novel "Frankenstein in Baghdad" based on the descriptive-analytical method and with the aim of discovering the salient aspects of time turbulence in post-modern novels. The results show that the widespread use of retrospectives, negative accelerations and positive accelerations, has caused irregularity and discontinuity in the narrative time of "Frankenstein in Baghdad". This sometimes confuses the reader in the story, which of course is one of the features of postmodern stories, and Ahmad Saadawi has been able to make good use of this techniques. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Narrative Time in Vacini Al-Erj’s Novel RamadAl-sharg
Kobra Roshanfekr fereshte azarniaTime is one of the basic elements in narrative dialogue and effective in technical and beauty of the structure of the text. Critics and researchers have paid special attention to it since Russian structuralism. The time in contemporary novel such as classic novel is not MoreTime is one of the basic elements in narrative dialogue and effective in technical and beauty of the structure of the text. Critics and researchers have paid special attention to it since Russian structuralism. The time in contemporary novel such as classic novel is not based on the logical continuity, but it has been oriented to deviation in temporal revolution and change in logical relation between events. So, contemporary novelists changed the time of narration.VaciniAl-Erjis one of these authors. This research tries to study the time of narration in Remad Al-Shargh novel written by an author from Algeria using descriptive analytic method and Gérard Genette’views. The novel includes two volumes entitled: "Kharif Newyork Al-Akhir" and"Al-ZaebAl-laziNabatfel Al-Barari". The present research tries to obtain feature of narratives of time in this novel and that how the author innovated in this connection. Some of the results of the research are: lack of conformity between narrative system and story system by flashback and flashforward that lead to form adistorted time in the novel; specially, the flashback is nearly a prevailing phenomenon on the novel and the narrator again reads the past events by that, in order to show that the present problems are the result of the past events. And since this novel covers a long period, so the author applies various techniques for speeding and slowing the time and makes variety and motion in temporal movement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Thematic study of the origin of plagiarism in Nahj al-Balagha and its response
Ali Haji-Khani Amir Farhang-NiyaThe issue of blaming and forging is not unique to any homeland or literature, and its footprint is evident in the literature of every nation from the beginning to modern civilization. Therefore, the subject of narration and denial in poetry and literature has been exami MoreThe issue of blaming and forging is not unique to any homeland or literature, and its footprint is evident in the literature of every nation from the beginning to modern civilization. Therefore, the subject of narration and denial in poetry and literature has been examined at various times and in the modern era many challenges have arisen. Ibn Khallikan is the first to raise the issue of doubt in Nahj al-Balagha and its relation to Imam Ali (AS). Then many followers met him. In this regard, this essay aims to answer questions about the origin and the proportion of forgery in Nahj al-Balagha and the main reasons for rejecting it. According to Ibn Khallikan, his doubts about Nahj al-Balagha can be summed up in two points in the gathering of Nahj al-Balagha between Sharif Razi and Sharif Morteza, and in the correctness of Nahj al-Balagha's relation to Imam Ali (AS). This article attempts to use the descriptive-analytical method to answer the above-mentioned doubts based on narrative and religious reasons, and the narratives and ways of tolerance of hadith. Among the results of this research is that Sharif Razi is the collector of Nahj al-Balagha, not Sharif Morteza, as well as the ultimate theory in Nahj al-Balagha, and that Sharif Razi is the propeller of this work, not its collector, is in vain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - The Study of Fables in Mowlavi's Qazalitate Shams
Mohammed Qolam Rezaei Chenour Borhani Narrative parable (allegory) is a story in poetry or prose which has two meanings: primary or outward and secondary and inward meaning which is below the outward layer. Fable is one type of allegory and consist of a short tale- whether in poetry or prose- w More Narrative parable (allegory) is a story in poetry or prose which has two meanings: primary or outward and secondary and inward meaning which is below the outward layer. Fable is one type of allegory and consist of a short tale- whether in poetry or prose- which is intended to convey a moral lesson. Characters in fable are often animals; but inanimate objects, humans and gods may also be presented in that. Fable in the Persian theosophical parables also has been used for expressing theoretical theosophy concepts and practical theosophy orders. Amongst artistic aspects of Molavi's works in the Shams's lyrics(Qazaliate Shams) is employment of the narrative parables; there are 16 fables among these narrative parables; these fables in terms of structure and form are two types: 1. Fables with storied action and operation (6), 2. Fables in the form of dialogue or scenic story (10). These fables have the same theme and structure in terms of processing and simplicity and brevity is their outstanding feature. 4 of the Molavi's fables are moral- theosophical parable and 10 fables are parable of theoretical theosophy concepts and 2 fables are parable of Kalam (Islamic Philosophy) thoughts. Manuscript profile -
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53 - Narrative and Language in San-Allah-Ebrahim's Altalasos
Ali Ganjian Zahra Pak NahadNovel is deemed as one of the highly elevated literary genres with a unique rank in Arabic Literature which deals with realities of the present time depicting the real essence of life as portrayed in Ebrahim's novel Altalasos .Ibrahim portrays the social milieu of Egypt MoreNovel is deemed as one of the highly elevated literary genres with a unique rank in Arabic Literature which deals with realities of the present time depicting the real essence of life as portrayed in Ebrahim's novel Altalasos .Ibrahim portrays the social milieu of Egypt in 1948 in his novel, challenging some contemporary issues of his day. Narration and language are among the most significant artistic devices which act as the unifying elements in any great work. This paper deals with the narrative aspect of the novel. Relying on a child's narrative point of view and his connection with the environment and external characters the author pays attention to details with a unique investigation of language. Manuscript profile -
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54 - The Review and Analysis of Narrative Structure of "Khosrow and Shirin " and "Leyli and Majnun "Based on Their Main Characters' Function
Abdol Hossein Farzad Amir Hosssein Mahouzi Fereshte NaseriIn the vast world of narrative literature , the lyrical poems of Nezami Ganjavi with their unique narrative aspects ,structures and origins are the type of Persian literature classic works that can be considered and criticized in accordance with principles o MoreIn the vast world of narrative literature , the lyrical poems of Nezami Ganjavi with their unique narrative aspects ,structures and origins are the type of Persian literature classic works that can be considered and criticized in accordance with principles of structuralism . In this research, "Khosrow and Shirin " and "Leyli and Majnun" romances have been analyzed structurally as samples of the most pleasing ones. So, at first some points about narration and its elements and units are mentioned. Next, by explaining characters ,or, in another word motifs and their functions , the narrative elements of considered romances have been compared according to structural narration point of view which is the base of Russian theorist Vladimir Propp ' s work in morphological analysis of fairy tales. In order to fulfill this, categories like plot ,character, narration timing ,order and pedagogy, continuity ,narrator ,have been considered to conclude how these elements with their own syntactic combination change the story from raw form (fabula) to narrative form and with this method of expressing , what the effect of lyrical content of story on the narrative elements is. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - The Study of NarrativeTechniques in AhlemMosteghanemi’s Novel Zekrat al-Jasad (Memory in Flesh) :A Formalist Reading
saeid savari reza nazemianThis article is an attempt to study the element of the time of the novel Zakera al-Jassadwritten by AhlemMosteghanemi based on the time of narrative and the time of narration, relying on linguistic functions. This research seeks to explain how the time sequence of the e MoreThis article is an attempt to study the element of the time of the novel Zakera al-Jassadwritten by AhlemMosteghanemi based on the time of narrative and the time of narration, relying on linguistic functions. This research seeks to explain how the time sequence of the events of the novel changes in the direction of the circular line, as well as its relevance to the discourse representing contemporary history of Algeria and the parallelism of the discourse of narrative techniques with the sequence of events of the novel. The research concludes that despite the lack of order in the time sequence of events there is a correlation between narrative techniques and time arrangements of events; how the element of timehas regarded the discourse of the author of the novel. It has included current themes of the contemporary historyof Algeriawhich depictthe contemporary historyof Algeria, because AhlemMosteghanemi has clearly described the ideologies of contemporary history in Algeria. Thus the author of the novel, relying on thetechniques of stream of consciousness and linguistic functionshas changed time sequence of events in the direction of the circular line in order to transfer the feeling of the arrangement of the time sequence of events to reader. The author wants the reader to feel the time sequence of events and interpret them in the course of secret discourse within the element of time. The author also wants the reader to set the sequence of the events timeline within himself. Manuscript profile -
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56 - Narrative Form of Story Telling in Palestine's literature of Resistance (Case Study of the Novel Babossaheh)
Kobra Roshanfekr Naeemeh Parandavaji Khalil Parvini Faramarz MirzaeeNarrative form of the story studies the relation between the narrator and characters, and it is an important tool for transferring of speeches and thoughts of characters to the reader, from this way the readers get into the atmosphere of the story. Narrative   MoreNarrative form of the story studies the relation between the narrator and characters, and it is an important tool for transferring of speeches and thoughts of characters to the reader, from this way the readers get into the atmosphere of the story. Narrative forms are divided in to five; direct, indirect, free direct, free indirect and narrative report of speeches and thoughts, based on the domination degree of the narrator and the characters. The present article deals with descriptive and analytical style and by presenting a complete statistics population of characters' speeches, studies different ways of speech representation of "Babossahe" a novel by Sahar Khalifeh. Findings of the study demonstrated that the narrator used all forms of speech representation styles for showing Palestine social condition and problems of the women of country at the first years of uprising, but direct speech, narrative style of speech and free direct speech have the most frequencies. The narrator by using direct speech and free direct speech allows the characters to relate with the reader and familiarize them with the narrators political, economical, cultural and social mental distresses. Using these techniques helps the narrator to show different sides of life and problems of Palestine women. Manuscript profile -
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57 - Narrative time in proverb masnavi jallal and jamal of nazlabadi according to Gerard Genette,s theory
Roghayeh Noormohammadi abdolhosein farzadTime in narrative is one of important topies and bas ic components in creation story which is taken into consideration by different narratologists in recent decades. By examining time, we can realize the importance of an event in the writer,s opinion to achieve his goal MoreTime in narrative is one of important topies and bas ic components in creation story which is taken into consideration by different narratologists in recent decades. By examining time, we can realize the importance of an event in the writer,s opinion to achieve his goal. Among these, Gerard Genettes vole, French structuralism, ln the development thory of narrative time as one of the most important advancement components in the narrative is very significant. Genette proposes his narrative time theory in three concepts:order,duration and frequency. The romantic Masnavi jamal and jallal nazlabadi Unknown poet in the ninth century- has well used the concept if time and sometimes he disturbs the sequence of liner time to make the text,turmoil and he goes back with a flashback and Sometimes he looks briefty to the future and returns to the main text again-the author has generally used positive acceleration process. Manuscript profile -
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58 - Allegorical techniques in the novel The Upside Down River by Jean-Claude Mourlevat
somayeh avarandAllegory is one of the most widely used tools for education for a long time. God in His heavenly books, prophets in preaching and instruction, and educators and teachers in conveying concepts and teaching use allegory to communicate with their audiences in indirect and MoreAllegory is one of the most widely used tools for education for a long time. God in His heavenly books, prophets in preaching and instruction, and educators and teachers in conveying concepts and teaching use allegory to communicate with their audiences in indirect and effective ways. The present study attempted to first discover the allegories used in the adolescents’ novel “The Upside Down River” (La rivière à l'envers) by Jean-Claude Mourlevat; and then examine the structure, method, and techniques of allegories in it. While introducing the narrative-educational allegory, it was found that Mourlevat has used four methods to present allegories. These include homology, highlighting language and ambiguity in speech, engaging the five senses in fixing the events of the subconscious mind, and benefiting from mythical characters and archetypes. The allegories used in “The Upside Down River” are so deep and interpretable that the human mind lays down its weapon of consciousness in front of them and understands the allegory by activating the subconscious mind. This makes the adolescent audience have more empathy with the main character of the story, and in addition to indulging, to make it their role model. Manuscript profile -
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59 - The role of mystical allusions in the Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi (based on the narrative allegories of books 4, 5 and 6)
Ehsan Ansari mehdi Mahouzi Seyedeh Mandana Hashemi IsfahanIn Masnavi, Rumi has repeatedly tried to enlighten the minds of his audience to epistemological issues with mystical allusions, and by mentioning allegory and storytelling, he has raised the perceptual level of the companions and companions of Masnavi. By delving into t MoreIn Masnavi, Rumi has repeatedly tried to enlighten the minds of his audience to epistemological issues with mystical allusions, and by mentioning allegory and storytelling, he has raised the perceptual level of the companions and companions of Masnavi. By delving into the narrative allegories of Masnavi, one can find and hide mystical hints that their reflection and semantic expansion at the narrative levels, ultimately paves the way for unity and oneness in Masnavi. This unifying attitude and effect on mystical allusions has escaped the scrutiny of many scholars and narrators. This research has been written by library and descriptive study method and tries to show the role of Rumi's mystical allusions in the processing of narrative allegories based on the narratives of the fourth, fifth and sixth books of the spiritual Masnavi. In this research, by deepening and using the narrative allegories of Masnavi, the relationship between superstructure and depth of allegories as well as the method of processing mystical materials in four types (allusions, themes, examples and internal stories) was revealed. Finally, the role of mystical allusions in two levels of narrative allegory (superstructure and deep construction) entitled "symbol", "guidebook" and also the semantic connection between narrative levels were examined. Familiarity with the method of processing mystical material and examining the semantic link at narrative levels is one of the research results of the present article. This research can be considered as a step towards understanding the structure and content of Masnavi narrative allegories. Manuscript profile -
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60 - Investigating the five allegorical and narrative poems of Mehdi Akhavan Sales in Az In Avesta collection
Seyed Ahmad Hosseini Kazerouni Yaghoub Kiani ShahvandiIn this article five allegory and narrative of Mehdi Akhavan Sales in Az in avesta collection are review and investigated. This article aims to show that the poet is not only a narrator and story teller but also he use of narrative and story for explain the social event MoreIn this article five allegory and narrative of Mehdi Akhavan Sales in Az in avesta collection are review and investigated. This article aims to show that the poet is not only a narrator and story teller but also he use of narrative and story for explain the social events and human concepts in his age. To this extent the used allegories in poems are explained and the techniqes of narrative are investigated.in this review the dialogues, events, explanations, suitable beginning and ending and characterization are seen skillfully in these poems. In addition, the poet indicates his literal skills and use the language, music, imageries and literal emotion very well in these poems. Manuscript profile -
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61 - Narrative techniques in “The Battle of Rostam and Ashkbous” (focusing on dialogue)
Masoud SarhadiThe Battle of Rostam and Ashkboos is among the most prominent narrative literature and one of the best-written heroic battles of Shahnameh (The Book of Kings). Some features of narrative texts can be observed in this battle. Among such features is conversation or dialog MoreThe Battle of Rostam and Ashkboos is among the most prominent narrative literature and one of the best-written heroic battles of Shahnameh (The Book of Kings). Some features of narrative texts can be observed in this battle. Among such features is conversation or dialogue, one of the most important and difficult elements of narrative literature. Ferdowsi draws on this technique in this short epic. He unfolds the story through a humorous interaction and dialogue between the protagonist and the antagonist in a way that, while enriching the plot, develops the action, the suspense, the one-on-one battle, the climax, and the resolution-death of Ashknoos. Taking into consideration the character development and the tone of the narrative, this paper takes a look at how Ferdowsi has drawn on dialogue techniques to present this battle and tries to illustrate his dramatic artistry. Manuscript profile -
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62 - A Study on postmodern strategies of "Pir e Changi" of Mathnavi
Leila Rezaei Abbas JahedjahMathnavi – Ma'navi is the most innovative and wonderful work in classic Persian literature because of its new narrative strategies. These special strategies that jalal al-Din Rumi used in the narration of the tales that found In other Persian literature books befo MoreMathnavi – Ma'navi is the most innovative and wonderful work in classic Persian literature because of its new narrative strategies. These special strategies that jalal al-Din Rumi used in the narration of the tales that found In other Persian literature books before Mathnavi, have some resemblances with modern or postmodern narratives. One of these innovative narratives in Mathnavi is the fiction of "Pir e Changi" (the oldman who plays harp). Rumi has presented this fiction with many changes and so this narrative is not in the original form as mentioned in "Asrar al Tawhid (the mystery of Unification) by Mohammad ibn Monavvar. In this article this tale from mathnavi has been studied in the field of postmodern criticism by the theory of Brian Mchale. The result shows that we can find the evidences of postmodern fictions as: death of the author, autonomy of characters, the end of metafictions, open ending and the combination of parallel worlds. Manuscript profile -
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63 - Investigating the epical and mythical allegories in M.Omid’s Nimayee poems
mehran aalivandIn this article the used epical and mythical allegoriesin Mehdi Akhavan Sales Nimayee poems and and the ends and manners of application. The aim of this research, is to known that the poet how to use them in his poems, and these epical and mythical allegorieshow to effe MoreIn this article the used epical and mythical allegoriesin Mehdi Akhavan Sales Nimayee poems and and the ends and manners of application. The aim of this research, is to known that the poet how to use them in his poems, and these epical and mythical allegorieshow to effect in poet’s meaning development. To this extent, the authors have investigated these mythical concepts and epical allegoriesin three parts as Iranian epical and mythical allegories, Islamic indicating and western allusions. That in the meantime, the Iranian myths are more using than others. This epical and mythical allegories are used with different ends in Akhavan’s poems. He use them for explain the social events and human concepts in his age. In the other hand, using of these mythical concepts and epical allegorieshave foreground his literal language and statement and add it’s suggestion and power of effect. Manuscript profile -
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64 - Passing on "allegory" in the Masnavi of Talib Ali Khan Lokhanawi, called 'Eishi'
ziba fallahi Mehrdad Chatraei Maryam MahmoodiAllegory is one of the most important and most ancient rhetorical methods in Persian literature and the social culture of the world. It covers a large volume of educational literature due to its semantic capacity and the function of discourse. The allegory in Persian ma MoreAllegory is one of the most important and most ancient rhetorical methods in Persian literature and the social culture of the world. It covers a large volume of educational literature due to its semantic capacity and the function of discourse. The allegory in Persian manuscripts has a cultural-literary, sustainable and continuous approach. In this article, introducing the version of "The General Divan of Talib Ali Khan called Eishei" of 1232 AH, we will bring new examples of his allegories. Eishei was born in 1197 and at the age of 35 he wrote "Urdu Diwan" and "Persian General". The Persian version has been written into Nastaliq's font. In spite of the impeachment of the Ahlul Bayt and very Imams (PBUH), it can be understood that Talib Ali Khan ('Eishei') is a devout poet and a Shiite religious scholar with a mystical role. The poet has been able in allegorical tales. This speech, for the first time, examines allegories in 2161 bits of Masnavi. Based on the writers' compilation, over 200 allegories and its variants have been published, most notably the "Four Friends" Masnavi, which we have dealt with as an allegorical story. This research by analytical-librarian method can prove the cultural interaction of the subcontinent with the Persian language and add to the culture of the Persian allegories abroad. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Narrative Focus In Attar's Sheik San'an; According To Zherar Zhant's Theory
Reza Jalili Parvindokht Mash'hoorNarrative Focus Is One Of The Literal Theories That Is Of The Center Of Attention In Foble (Fictional) Literature. It Also Has Special Importance In Abilities And Strategies Resolution In Which The Story Write, Uses Them For Shopping His Anecdotes. This Important In Ina MoreNarrative Focus Is One Of The Literal Theories That Is Of The Center Of Attention In Foble (Fictional) Literature. It Also Has Special Importance In Abilities And Strategies Resolution In Which The Story Write, Uses Them For Shopping His Anecdotes. This Important In Ina Level That Any Altercation In Narrative Focus, Causes Difference And Distinctions In Major Intent Of Story And Even In Its Context. Zherar Zhant Is Considered As One Of Clear- Sighted In This Theory. By Separating Tow Category Consisted Of Mood (From State- Status) And Tone (Sound), He Could Tread An Important Step In Narrative Focus. What Is The Main Issue (Concern) In This Query, Is To Handling (Checking) Narrative Focus In Attar's Story Of Sheik San'an, By Regarding Zherar's Attitude And Emphasizing On Mood And Tone. Narrative Focus Theory, Is Evaluating In Sheik San'an Story- Which Is Considered As The Major Important Subsidiary Story- To Make The Reader Familiar With Attar's Super Ability In Story – Narration, His Appropriate Use Of Speaking Level, His Multiple Point Of Viewes, Various Narrative Time And Place Fireplaces And Also Getting Readers Familiar With Ancient Persian Narrative Texts' Enrichment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Shams’ Kimia (Fluctuations in the Story Narrated about Shams in Kimia Khatoon)
Gholam Hossein Sharifi Ali Mohammadi Asiabadi Fatemeh Mir Marashi,Kimia Khatoon, a novel written by Ms. Saideh Quds, is among the novels written about the life of Shams. In a short time-five years, from 1383 to1388- it has been republished for twenty times. This may cause hapiness on one side, and concern on the other side MoreKimia Khatoon, a novel written by Ms. Saideh Quds, is among the novels written about the life of Shams. In a short time-five years, from 1383 to1388- it has been republished for twenty times. This may cause hapiness on one side, and concern on the other side. One may get concerned because of the fear of the readers’ dislike of Shams, and, consequently, of Moulana (Rumi)-his disciple- who composed a lot of sonnetrs on him, and of the pure mysticism and prominent legacy of Iranian mysticism, of such works like Masnavi and Shams’ Sonnets. One may fear that this novel can understimate and degrade Persian literature, mysticism, and Iranian mystics, as we have experienced selling a lot of our good things for nothing without replacing them: this happened in a period of time when a lot of people in the West showed great interest in Iran mysticism in general, and Moulana’s (Rumi’s) mysticism in particular; it came to the point that within a few consequtive years Rumi’s poems were among the best-selling books in United States, and in less than a decade, nearly one hundred million copies of his poems have been sold! It seems that Ms. Saideh Quds in the course of the narration of her novel wants to depict Shams’ behavior based on certain psychological factors and the repression of instincts. This paper deals with two points: 1. The author of the novel has in fact narrated the story of Shams’ life based on the contemporary Western schools of psychology. 2. Psychoanalysis is not a proper way to analyse mystical characters, for entering the field of psychoanalysis may cause a lot of issues relating to mysticism to be ignored. Thus, these issues being ignored, one cannot realize many aspects of mystical characters. To this end, this paper tries to study the flunctuations in the narration of Kimia Khatoon and compares them with historical narrative resources such as Managheb Al-Arefin and Resaleye Sepahsalar, and finally examines the reasons of these differences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - The Owner of Chamber of Mysteries The Spiritual Teachers' Views on Seclusion and its Application in Khaghani's Divan from Allegoric and narrative perspective
Ali Abasalizadeh Ali Mohammad MoazeniSeclusion is one of the frequently used concepts in mystical literature. Other related concepts are Solitude, privacy and 'CheleNeshini'. It is such an important notion that many Sufis have devoted several chapters of their works to defining the concept. Some praise it, MoreSeclusion is one of the frequently used concepts in mystical literature. Other related concepts are Solitude, privacy and 'CheleNeshini'. It is such an important notion that many Sufis have devoted several chapters of their works to defining the concept. Some praise it, while others reprove it and consider it as a sinful act. Yet some others endeavor to classify it. The present paper is an attempt to investigate different point of views on seclusion from allegoric and narrative perspective in general and in Khaghani's Divan in particular. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Oriented concepts waiting in Persian ancient poetry (Allegorical narrative approach)
Saeideh Saki entezami Sakineh Azari Mohammad Rasool YosofvandIranian Persian language poets attachment to Islam, Islamic civilization founded on the expectation that religious teachings in the ancient Persian poetry by poets is manifest. The study collected poems with themes of apocalyptic concepts include such topics as: the Ant MoreIranian Persian language poets attachment to Islam, Islamic civilization founded on the expectation that religious teachings in the ancient Persian poetry by poets is manifest. The study collected poems with themes of apocalyptic concepts include such topics as: the Antichrist, return, and leadership in the time range to give the fifth century AH, a classification according to interpretations of poems and literary landscape Promised the appearance of symptoms and characteristics of the era of the rise of the implementation of the verses and traditions of Persian poetry style - descriptive analysis was presented. The results indicated that the references poets came to the question of validity is root, and the intellectual aspects of the poet's vision is based on the Hadith and Qur'anic verses also is approved Shiea and Sunni scholars, poets on the subject of Mahdism in centuries culture as poetry Mahdavi created and founded the Islamic civilization is great. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - The effectiveness of narrative therapy on the efficacy and achievement motivation of secondary school students in Olia Jarquye
hasan hoseyni dastjerdi nayeresadat Daneshvar HoseyniThis study examined the effectiveness of narrative therapy on self-efficiency and achievement motivation in high school male students in the second period at Olia Jarquye.The study was semiexperimental that include experimental and control groups.the study community inc MoreThis study examined the effectiveness of narrative therapy on self-efficiency and achievement motivation in high school male students in the second period at Olia Jarquye.The study was semiexperimental that include experimental and control groups.the study community include all high school male students in the second period at Olia jarquye area. in educational year 2015-2016.40 students were selected by random sampling method then divided into experimental and control group by random assignment method. The hypothesis of study was effectiveness of narrative therapy on self-efficiency and achievement motivation in high school male students in the second period at Olia Jarquye area. The tool of research included a questionnaire the self-effiency and achievement motivation was Hermnes 1970and Sherer 1982. The independent variable (narrative therapy)was applied on experimental group in seven 45 -minute sessions. There are scores of post-test experimental and control groups. The results showed between narrative therapy and self-efficacy (dimensions desire to initiate, expand efforts to advance) at Olia Jarquye area secondary school students, and self-efficacy score was higher in the experimental group compared to the control group. (P <0.01). And also a significant difference between narrative therapy and motivation (psychological aspects, economic) secondary school students at Olia Jarquye area and score more motivation than the control group, the experimental group. (P <0.01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - The effectiveness of narrative therapy based on cognitive-behavioral perspective on anxiety of primary school female students
fatemeh shahabizadeh Fatemeh Khaje AminiyanThis study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of narrative therapy based on cognitive-behavioral perspective on anxiety of primary school female students n. This research was an experimental pretest-posttest design with control group. The population consisted o MoreThis study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of narrative therapy based on cognitive-behavioral perspective on anxiety of primary school female students n. This research was an experimental pretest-posttest design with control group. The population consisted of all third and fourth grade girls in Yazd in the 2013-2014 school years that had depression and anxiety disorders. To perform this study, 26 of those children who had symptoms of anxiety were selected by convenience sampling method and were placed into two experimental and control groups randomly. Tool used in this study was Children Symptom Inventory (CSI-4), the parent form. Narrative therapy interventions were conducted on the experimental group for 12 sessions lasting 45 minutes each. The results of analysis of covariance showed that narrative therapy intervention had positive effects on generalized anxiety and social anxiety. Based on the results of this study, narrative therapy as an effective therapy method can be used in reducing symptoms of anxiety in children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - The effectiveness of education training based on group narrative therapy on communicational patterns of students couples
maryam moslemi hakime Aghae zahra ShabaniThis research examined the effectiveness of education training based on group narrative therapy on communicational patterns of students couples. this research,was a semi-experimental study, consisting of pre-test and post-test with control group. Statistical population MoreThis research examined the effectiveness of education training based on group narrative therapy on communicational patterns of students couples. this research,was a semi-experimental study, consisting of pre-test and post-test with control group. Statistical population of this study includes all Shahrood married university student who studies in the first three month of 2015. The sample include 16 couples (8 in control and 8 in experiment group) who were selected based on volunteer sampling. Experiment group passed a 9 sessioned narrative therapy based education, meanwhile the control group did not received any educational interventions. Two questionnaires used in this study were »Communication Patterns Questionnair Christensen & salavy, 1984 «.Mancovaanalysis was used as the statistical methods. results show that compared to control group, the experiment group experienced in element of mutual /constructive communicational pattern improved in the experiement group (P>0/01). Elements of mutual /avoidance communicational pattern, demand /withdraw communicational pattern, women demand / men withdraw communicational pattern, student couples men demand/women withdraw communicational pattern experienced the same decrease in experiemental group as well (P>0/01). On the basise of to find this investigation, could be concluded that narrative therapy has some unique results on the communicational patterns of the couples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - The Effect of Career Counseling Based on Narrative Approach on the Blind College Students' Career Adaptability
Esmaeil Mohamadi Parisa Nilforooshan Samane SalimiThe purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of career counseling based on Cochran's narrative approach on the blind college students' career adaptability. This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design and a control group. The MoreThe purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of career counseling based on Cochran's narrative approach on the blind college students' career adaptability. This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design and a control group. The population included all blind students of University of Isfahan and Azad University of Khorasgan in 2013-2014. Then, 30 blind students were selected through available sampling and were randomly placed into two experimental and control groups. Experimental group received career counseling based on Cochran’s narrative approach that involved seven sessions, lasting three hours each. Data were gathered by using Career Adaptability Scale (Savickas & Porfeli, 2012)and analyzed by covariance test. The results showed that this counseling intervention had significant effect on the dimension of concern, control and curiosity (P<0.01). However, it had no significant effect on confidence dimension (P<0.05). Generally, the results revealed that career counseling based on Cochran's narrative approach has infuence on the blind college students' career adaptability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - The Effectiveness of Narrative Therapy on Marital commitment and Sexual satisfaction
zahra taghiyar farshad pahlavanzadeThe purpose of this study was to explain the effectiveness of narrative therapy approach on marital commitment and sexual satisfaction in Isfahan city. This research was a quasi-experimental in which pretest-posttest with control groups was used. Statistical population MoreThe purpose of this study was to explain the effectiveness of narrative therapy approach on marital commitment and sexual satisfaction in Isfahan city. This research was a quasi-experimental in which pretest-posttest with control groups was used. Statistical population consisted of all married women referred to counseling centers with marital problems. By using available sampling, 30 individuals were selected and randomly assigned into two groups of control (15 women) and control (15 women). Questionnaire Pini (Sexual Satisfaction, 1987), Questionnaire Adams & jones (Marital commitment Questionnaire, 1997) were used for research. The experimental group received of Narrative Therapy training in 8 sessions (90 minutes each). The findings were analyzed by SPSS-22 software using covariance analysis. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between marital commitment and sexual satisfaction after pretest control (p≤0.05). Therefore, group therapy of narrative therapy is effective in increasing marital commitment and sexual satisfaction of married women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Predicting Emotional Uncertainty Based on Early Maladaptive Schemas and Emotional Expressions with the Mediating Role of Cognitive Flexibility in Patients with Chronic Pain
leili vakilian morteza tarkhan javad khalatbari AbstractThe purpose of this study was to predict Alexithymia. based on early maladaptive schemas and emotional expressiveness with the role of mediating cognitive flexibility in patients with chronic pain. The research method was correlational and path analysis st More AbstractThe purpose of this study was to predict Alexithymia. based on early maladaptive schemas and emotional expressiveness with the role of mediating cognitive flexibility in patients with chronic pain. The research method was correlational and path analysis studies. For this study, 300 patients with chronic pain referred to Tehran hospitals were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Participants completed the questionnaires of early maladaptive schemas Yang (1988), King's and Ammons emotional expressiveness (1990), Toronto Emotional Intelligence (1994), Tagizadeh and Nikkhah's Cognitive Flexibility (2015). Amos and SPSS software were used for data analysis. The results of path analysis showed that only the domains of disturbed constraints of 0.18 and other areas of orientation of 0.14 have a positive effect in explaining the variance of alexithymia (p <0.05). Emotional expression in explaining the variance of alexithymia by -0.27; Affects the mediating variable (cognitive flexibility) -0.44 (p <0.01). Finally, emotional expression with an impact factor of -0.31 has an indirect effect on alexithymia through cognitive flexibility (p <0.01). The results of this study can be used to reduce the level of alexithymia by correcting early maladaptive schemas, emotional expression and cognitive flexibility in patients with chronic pain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - ‘All of Our Stories are Our Own’: Investigating the Structure of Brief Personal Experience Narratives from Pakistan
Fizza Farrukh Anmol Ahmad -
Open Access Article
76 - Effect of Differentiated Instruction on Linguistic and Rhetorical Features of Narrative Writing Performance across Different Levels of Proficiency
Hadis Toofani Asl -
Open Access Article
77 - Content Analysis of Two Works of Nader Ebrahimi (Sufianehā and Arefanehā; Once Again, the City I Loved
Maryam Shafiee-taban Fatemeh Kupa Ali mirzaei Narges mohammadiNader Ebrahimi, one of Iran's greatest contemporary writers, follows a personal and special style in his works. The book "Sufianehā and Arefanehā" is one of his valuable monuments in the field of mystical literature and the novel "The City I Loved Again" is one of his m MoreNader Ebrahimi, one of Iran's greatest contemporary writers, follows a personal and special style in his works. The book "Sufianehā and Arefanehā" is one of his valuable monuments in the field of mystical literature and the novel "The City I Loved Again" is one of his most brilliant works in the field of fiction. Examining the content of the two mentioned works is the main subject of this research. The author appears in the role of a literary critic in "Sufianehā and Arefanehā" and analyzes the book's structure and content. This work is Ebrahimi's only writing about Sophia and, in fact, the analytical history of five thousand years of Iranian fiction literature and a clear example of the connection between mystical literature and the art of storytelling. The novel "The City I Loved Again" is narrated from the perspective of the hero and the main character of the story, the farmer's son. Although this novel has a logical plot, the author's neglect of some points weakens the plot to some extent. Ebrahimi has a practical view of dynamic mysticism in the book "Sufianehā and Arefanehā" and "Once again the city that I loved" is one of the most brilliant and successful after Hoshang Golshiri's novel "Shāzdeh Ehtejāb" in terms of using the flow of mental fluid. The novels are considered and introduce Ebrahimi as a powerful writer and a master of style. The study and comparison of Nader Ebrahimi's two different works shows the confrontation of the author's thought in different states and the breadth of his thinking and his mastery of Iranian and mystical culture, and finally shows the fluid flow and school of mysticism in this culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - A Survey on Parent's Province in Islamic Relations, Jurisprudence and Law(Case Study: Priority in Custody)
majid reza kamali baniani dawood nassiran Seyed Mohammad Hadi MahdaviParent's Province is one of the types of anatomical provinces that is important not only in Islamic mysticism, but also in legal and jurisprudential terms. The main legal and jurisprudential issue, stemming from numerous verses and traditions, are from the leaders of th MoreParent's Province is one of the types of anatomical provinces that is important not only in Islamic mysticism, but also in legal and jurisprudential terms. The main legal and jurisprudential issue, stemming from numerous verses and traditions, are from the leaders of the religion and have a track record in mystical books, Shi'a jurisprudence and related religions. One of the most important periods in the life of any child is the age of consent, and up to the age of seven, upon which the foundations of his or her social and moral education are formed. In the present study, the verses and criticisms of traditions related to this period have been examined. The results of this study show that due to the expediency of the child, interest and emotional bond between the mother and also because of the duty of custody, the priority of the mother over custody of the child, it is necessary to do so. Also, given the verses and consensus of the narrations quoted, the authenticity of the documents and other reasons, up to the age of seven, the mother's preference for custody of the child was preferred. It is noteworthy that the present research has been done in a descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Identity Construction in the Narratives of Black Female Writers: A review Article
Zahra HashemiThe term ''identity'' which refers to one's rights, equality and dignity, equal opportunity in work and education and equal pay, emerged in the United States in the mid-twentieth century in the context of immigration, social change, and emancipator movements. This study MoreThe term ''identity'' which refers to one's rights, equality and dignity, equal opportunity in work and education and equal pay, emerged in the United States in the mid-twentieth century in the context of immigration, social change, and emancipator movements. This study examines the distinctive ways in which contemporary black female authors have employed speculative fiction to portray diasporic identities in their female protagonists. The novels examined in this study offer new ways of conceptualizing the connection between cultural trauma and society and ultimately by giving voice, choice and identity, have tried to empower their characters to take a stand against male operation and discover a sense of selfhood. The findings indicate an identity pattern and ways of reshaping the identity, voice and healing during and after traumas distinct to the Afrodiasporic community in the female protagonists. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - The position of five formalist preparations in cultivating the narrative form of the mythological part of Shahnameh
mitra bighami maryam jafari Gholam Abbas zakeriThe seldom formal study of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh reveals new dimensions about the mechanism of formation of this great work. Formalists were not the discoverers of literary devices and crafts, but showed their original, pivotal and constructive influences in great works. MoreThe seldom formal study of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh reveals new dimensions about the mechanism of formation of this great work. Formalists were not the discoverers of literary devices and crafts, but showed their original, pivotal and constructive influences in great works. Shahnameh is a good arena for tracing these industries and is basically relying on formalistic arrangements that make it unmatched by its competitors in the epic genre. In the first part or the myths of Shahnameh, the use of many formalist industries can be seen as in other parts, but due to the importance of the origin, narrative and basis of this part, some formalist arrangements have been used by Ferdowsi in constructing its narrative. Have been. The present article has analyzed and identified five formalistic indicators used in the narration of this part of Shahnameh by descriptive-analytical method. The result indicates that the emphatic use of the capacity of symbols, the use of current constraints to create single propositions with high literature, the use of de-familiarization and accentuation in proportion to the strangeness of the mythical space, the high frequency of metaphor and The irony and finally the characterization of the narrative, which indicates the independence of relations in the mythical atmosphere, are among the most important factors that consolidate the narrative of the first part of the Shahnameh and create the necessary charm to make the audience loyal to follow the story. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Conceptual metaphors in front and war prose works with a semantic approach
Touraj doshman ziyari Seyyed Mahmoud Seyed Sadeghi . Seyed Ahmad Hosseini KazerouniDue to the nature of war in the minds of men and women, there are significant similarities and differences between the conceptual metaphors and schemas used in the male and female narratives of war. In the formation of conceptual metaphors in female and male narratives, MoreDue to the nature of war in the minds of men and women, there are significant similarities and differences between the conceptual metaphors and schemas used in the male and female narratives of war. In the formation of conceptual metaphors in female and male narratives, different areas of origin in female and male narratives of sacred defense have been used. The cultural meaning of sacred defense in female narratives is different from the cultural meaning of this phenomenon in male narratives. The present study is a descriptive-analytical study that has studied the conceptual metaphors and cultural schemas in the feminine and masculine narratives of the sacred defense with the help of the library method. And the femininity of war can be examined in the form of conceptual metaphor theory and schemas? What are the similarities and differences between the conceptual metaphors and schemas used in the male and female narratives of war? What areas of origin have been used in the formation of conceptual metaphors in male and female narratives? What is the difference between the cultural meaning of war in female narratives and the cultural meaning of this phenomenon in male narratives of war? The results indicate that the differences between male and female conceptualizations of war can be examined in the form of conceptual metaphor theory and schemas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - A Review of the Dark Side of the Story by Houshang Golshiri Based on the aesthetics of narrative in the component of Gerard Genette
mehdi daryaiee parvaneh adel zadeh kamran pashaiee fakhriThe narrative art itself is a very important aesthetic. Usually a large number of aesthetic components come into play in well-paid stories. These components include the essential ideas of narrative structure such as point of view, narration center, choice of type of spe MoreThe narrative art itself is a very important aesthetic. Usually a large number of aesthetic components come into play in well-paid stories. These components include the essential ideas of narrative structure such as point of view, narration center, choice of type of speech, etc., which are structured in coherent structured lines. In this study, the authors have investigated the structural component of the aspect, namely distance and focalization from the perspective of the genius in the collection of the semi-dark story of the month by Houshang Golshiri. The author has used direct narrative and narrated speech in the distance component in all thirty-six stories. Indirect speech has been used in sixteen stories and free speech in nine stories. Also, in the component of unconventional, homogenous representation, a story. Unconcentrated with heterogeneous representation, two stories. Internal center with homogeneous representation, twenty five stories. An external center with heterogeneous representation and an external center with homogeneous representation, each of the four stories and the external center with homogeneous representation is also not used in any story. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - The Narrative Artistic Description in the Story of Samak-e Ayyar
Mohmmad sadegh Nazerian mah nazariOne of the most important and effective factors for depicting the nature and quality of being and human societies is descriptive.The writer can use the attributes of his taste to visualize. Prominent elementin Samake Ayyar’s story is the visualization and use of v MoreOne of the most important and effective factors for depicting the nature and quality of being and human societies is descriptive.The writer can use the attributes of his taste to visualize. Prominent elementin Samake Ayyar’s story is the visualization and use of virtual language that utilizes sensory and educational experiences with a descriptive grammatical or artistic-literary language and descriptive, and individuals or objects and, in general, the factors involved in the story. Cause an image has been presented in such a way that it can be described as a graphic story. Because in the narrative system, it has more visual signs. In the course of telling stories that have social cultural aspects, in addition to describing the different classes of court, lifestyle, and concerns, with issues and events, actions and unrealistic events (magical realism).In this article, the role of definitions, the narrative period and the advent of the story are examined, and the effective factors in the illustration of this story have been featured in descriptive-analytical manifestations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - The Study of Tone Types in the Characters in Chaharmaghaleh by Nezami Arouzi Samarghandi
maryam sadeghi hosein safary nezhad Along with other story elements such as space-making, narrator, plot, character, etc., the tone is one of the most important and artistic ways to strike a relationship between the story and its audience. Inasmuch as this element speaks o More Along with other story elements such as space-making, narrator, plot, character, etc., the tone is one of the most important and artistic ways to strike a relationship between the story and its audience. Inasmuch as this element speaks of the specific atmosphere and behavioral aspects on the basis of which the text should be read and comprehended, it is so important that not knowing it well may mislead the audience in understanding the text and forming relations between different components of the story and make the correct understanding of the text and its ideas difficult. But what is the tone? What are the types? How important is this element? How much can it influence the enjoyment from a work? The present article studies the 24 tones in Chaharmaghaleh in order to see whether there can be a proportion between the number and the types of tones in every chapter of the book. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Effectiveness Of Narrative Therapy On Academic Motivation in High Schools Female Students
Saedh Neda Asgari Marzieh MalekihaThe purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of narrative therapy on increasing academic motivation in high schools female students. The Sample of the study included 32 female students that have been placed randomly in the intervention (experimental) and c MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of narrative therapy on increasing academic motivation in high schools female students. The Sample of the study included 32 female students that have been placed randomly in the intervention (experimental) and control group. The research was a quasi – experimental design with pre-test - post-test and control group. The study implemented the Vallerand Academic Motivation Scale (1989) as data source. The experimental group was exposed to narrative therapy for 11 sessions 90 minutes each. The results of the univariate analysis of covariance showed that narrative therapy increased academic motivation. Among the three subscales of academic motivation, the effectiveness of narrative therapy was only approved on the extrinsic motivation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Anthropological Study Of Feminine Narratives From The Imposed War Era.
Minoo SalimiThe purpose of this study was to discuss a narrative of lived experience of the war that shaped and represented the women life experiences. Women who had been involved in some kind of war or have lived directly in it. The present study was intended to study the anthropo MoreThe purpose of this study was to discuss a narrative of lived experience of the war that shaped and represented the women life experiences. Women who had been involved in some kind of war or have lived directly in it. The present study was intended to study the anthropology of female narratives from the imposed war period. The method of this study was field study (participatory observation, facts documentation and narrative interview). The research conducted in-depth interviews with fifty women in Sarpo-le-Zahab and Ghasreshirin in Kermanshah province who had lived and experienced the imposed war so that women's verbal narratives could be integrated to ultimately represent the women's narrative imposed war. Research findings showed that war had negative effects on the lives of women and posed them as one of the main victims of the war. The lived experience of the women after the war, in contrast to the war itself, which was enclosed and terminated at a particular time and place, was extended over time and place and formed a link between the past, the present and the future, and make changes in their lives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Critique and Plot Analysis of the Novel "Soiree of Hyenas" by Masoumeh Afrashi
Shahin GhasemiThe aim of the present study was to criticize the plot and type of narrative in a novel called "Soiree of the Hyenas" by "Masoumeh Afrashi" based on new models of structuralism and narratology. The research design was descriptive-analytical. In the descriptive part, dat MoreThe aim of the present study was to criticize the plot and type of narrative in a novel called "Soiree of the Hyenas" by "Masoumeh Afrashi" based on new models of structuralism and narratology. The research design was descriptive-analytical. In the descriptive part, data was obtained through documents and librarary and in the analytical part, the “soiree of hyenas” novel was studied. First, a brief history of structuralism and narratology in fiction was introduced and then two models of communication (linking and breaking) in plot structure were discussed. The results of critique and analysis of the plot structure and type of narrative in the novel based on research theories showed that a similar pattern could be drawn for it, because a value (ultimate goal) called human responsibility fulfilment and defending Islam and the homeland was observed. Also, the "sender" was not always a character, but sometimes an inner feeling and force played the role of a character that arised from religious beliefs, and no worldly reward or external character was involved in this and the sender's force was impersonal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Effects of storytelling and narrative literary style (Kalila wa Dimna stories), on the development of creativity and Reducing anger in children
محمد خالدیان Ayoob Aoradi Sara ChalakAim: This study aimed to investigate the impact of storytelling and narrative literary style (Kalila wa Dimna stories), took on the development of creativity and reduce anger in children. Methods: The study population consisted of all second and third grades of element MoreAim: This study aimed to investigate the impact of storytelling and narrative literary style (Kalila wa Dimna stories), took on the development of creativity and reduce anger in children. Methods: The study population consisted of all second and third grades of elementary school students Ghorveh city in the school year 91-92. The sample size of 60 students were selected based on a random sample, Then, based on questionnaire scores, 22 of these patients, the lowest scores on the creativity scale and the highest scores on the anger scale were selected. Randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Experimental group, 10 sessions, storytelling and narrative literary style (Kalila wa Dimna stories), were affected by the independent variable, but the control group did not receive any intervention. To collect the data, the questionnaire creativity Scheffer and Parvaz & Khaledian anger questionnaire were used. In this study, experimental pretest posttest control group. Results: The results showed that the Average Creativity in the post-test scores of the experimental group significantly higher than the control group post-test scores, and also results showed that the Average anger in the post-test scores of the experimental group significantly lower than the control group post-test scores. Conclusion: The results showed that storytelling and narrative literary style (Kalila wa Dimna stories), to enhance and foster creativity and redue anger. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - A Study of the Narrative Aspects of “The King and the Maid” from Masnavi-e-Ma’navi and Similar Narrations based on Tzotan Todorv’s Model
hosein sadeghi mohammad amir mashhadi abdolali oveysiA Study of the Narrative Aspects of “The King and the Maid” from Masnavi-e-Ma’navi and Similar Narrations based on Tzotan Todorv’s Model ABSTRACT “The King and the Maid” narration is the most fundamental one in Masnavi-e-Ma’na MoreA Study of the Narrative Aspects of “The King and the Maid” from Masnavi-e-Ma’navi and Similar Narrations based on Tzotan Todorv’s Model ABSTRACT “The King and the Maid” narration is the most fundamental one in Masnavi-e-Ma’navi with regard to intra-structural factors as well as Rumi’s thought system. Rumi has undoubtedly taken this narration from similar narrations in Persian literature such as Ferdows-al-hekmat, Nezamie-e-Aroozi, Attar’s MosibatNameh, and Nezami’s EghbalNameh and has reproduced the narration with mystic theme systematically. The present research is an attempt to study these narrations based on Tzotan Todorv’s theory in order to reveal the stories’ intra-structural factors which make the stories expand and move logically, through which the fundamental factors in shaping the stories will be unearthed. Finally, it is tried to find the frequency of the narrative aspects in the stories so as to show the final structure of the narrative. Keywords: Narration, Narrateology, Narrative Aspects, Tzotan Todorv, Masnavi-e-Ma’navi, The King and the Maid Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Narrative of the novel A Little Shadow(Andaki Sayeh) based on Rabert McKay's theory
Fathemeh Taslim Jahromi Nasrin GhasemiAndaki Sayeh(A Little Shadow) is a novel written by Ahmad Bigdeli, which tells the story of the oil struggles of the people of the south during the coup d'etat of August 28, 1943 in a memorable and flashback manner. Because Bigdeley himself had a hand in screenwriting a MoreAndaki Sayeh(A Little Shadow) is a novel written by Ahmad Bigdeli, which tells the story of the oil struggles of the people of the south during the coup d'etat of August 28, 1943 in a memorable and flashback manner. Because Bigdeley himself had a hand in screenwriting and because of the characteristics of his narratives, this novel has been studied in a descriptive-analytical manner based on Robert McKee's theory of narrative structure.The American theorist Robert McKee believes that all narratives follow a specific and almost identical structure. One of the structures that he enumerates for the narrative is the subplot and in the analysis of this structure, he introduces features such as: open end, multiplicity of hero, passive hero, linear time and conflict. Due to the existence of several narratives in the novel Shadow of the Shadow, after analysis, the characteristics of the subplot match with the novel of Andaki Sayeh; Also, two elements of dialogue and pictorial descriptions have been described due to their role in the narrative and structure of the novel. The achievements of this article, which examines the elements of story structure based on McKee theory and determines the relationships between these elements, looking for these features in a text with Andaki Sayeh, show that a design based on causal relationships gives this text strength and coherence from beginning to end. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Critique of the Type of Narrative in the Novel "Headless Palms" by Ghasem Ali Frasat based on the Theory of Jep Lint-Volt and the Model of Labau and Waltski
shahin ghasemiThis study critiques the structure of the narrative in Ghasem Ali Frost's novel "Headless Palms" based on the theory of Jep Lint-Volt and the model of Labau and Waltski. First, while introducing structuralist theories, a brief history of these two sciences in fiction wi MoreThis study critiques the structure of the narrative in Ghasem Ali Frost's novel "Headless Palms" based on the theory of Jep Lint-Volt and the model of Labau and Waltski. First, while introducing structuralist theories, a brief history of these two sciences in fiction will be pointed out and two communication patterns in plot structure will be analyzed. Based on this, a similar pattern can be drawn for these stories, because in all these stories, a valuable object called acting on human duty and defending Islam and the homeland is seen. Therefore, an important principle is always repeated in the stories of sacred defense, and that is the impersonality of the sender in these stories. Unlike other types of stories in which a character always leads the actor to a value object, in sacred defense stories there is always an inner force arising from religious beliefs that moves the actor and no worldly reward or external character is involved. It is necessary to know the different dimensions of the stories; the present study, the author uses new approaches to the analysis of the Holy Defense novel entitled "Headless Palms". Critique of the type of narrative in the novel "Headless Palms" . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - An analysis of the Vahshie Bafghi Masnavis based on the narrative theory of Todorov's.
sideh zahra Alaoi sharare elhami Reza Borzoiy badrieh ghavamiAbstractThe present study investigates the narrative element in Vahshi Bafghi's poem "Nazer and Manzour" (the observer and the observed) in the light of the theory of "Tzutan Todorov". The structure of the narrative refers to the method of organization, the set of relat MoreAbstractThe present study investigates the narrative element in Vahshi Bafghi's poem "Nazer and Manzour" (the observer and the observed) in the light of the theory of "Tzutan Todorov". The structure of the narrative refers to the method of organization, the set of relationships and elements and components of the work. The structural analysis examines the relationship between these elements including attainment of the proposition, the sequel as well as examining the plot, narrator and different echelons of the storyline. Of course, in addition to the mentioned cases, thoughts and notions of the content of the work are also examined. Therefore, considering the emergence of schools of literary criticism, which has opened a new chapter in Persian language research, as well as the position of Persian love poems that have been considered as prominent works from the beginning to the present and contain many features of Persian language and literature, the present research has extracted narrative aspects in this work through descriptive-analytical method together with using library resources. Existence of eight sequences and propositions, amongst which balance and imbalance are sometimes seen, and that the sequences do not reach the final balance, aspects of causality and causation to continue the narrative, the process of characterization considering the two elements of the lover and beloved and the existing obstacles on their way to reach each other and the propositional materials in the narrative are among the findings of this research Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Analyzing the structural analysis of the novel sovashoon According to the theory bermoon
Fariba Raisee Sarahidi Hossein Khosravi Mohammad Ali Atash SodaStructural approach to literary works due to the investigation of the elements of the text and the discovery of their interconnection pattern provides the ground for obtaining a more appropriate literary nature and by presenting the works of creating the works of the su MoreStructural approach to literary works due to the investigation of the elements of the text and the discovery of their interconnection pattern provides the ground for obtaining a more appropriate literary nature and by presenting the works of creating the works of the supreme literary works can extend the patterns of the processing of the literary help slow.Keywords: Simynodshan, Shushoon, Bramon, Proceedings, Narrative, Structure. A group of structuralist critics has studied the elements of the story, their narrative forms, and their rules of composition. In the meantime, Claude Burmen proposes a scheme based on the concept of relationships between the smallest units, with the advent of a system based on the form. The famous novel, soovashoon, is a great work for you, with multiple axes and streams shaping it. In order to examine the structure of the text of this novel, we must inevitably extract its outline and then analyze it. In the distribution of the novel, the original design, characters, the extent of participation in the chain of events and their role in building up the peak are of great importance. The power of a realistic novel is among them in terms of the number of complete advancements and the way in which it is organized and causal relationships. The number of major hits usually depends on the number of points of the story's height. Each person plays a role in multiple novels during a novel, but they do not play a central role in creating the main building of the story. So the novella Swishon, a logical combination is a logical combination of axial transitions that is intrinsically linked to subordinate and secondary sequences, and the number of its characters is influenced by factors such as the number of major narrative stories of powerful narratives, They are targeted with each other, the overall atmosphere and the subject matter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Structure analysis of plot of Tahmuroth story
Jahangir safari amir fathiNarrative is the best method for report real in series of events. In the ready research the plot of Tahmuroth story (from Shahname-Ferdosi) as a member of incorporator, was analysis by the view point of some structuralists. In this story, first the stable situation is i MoreNarrative is the best method for report real in series of events. In the ready research the plot of Tahmuroth story (from Shahname-Ferdosi) as a member of incorporator, was analysis by the view point of some structuralists. In this story, first the stable situation is in working. In the days of Tahmuroth king ship, the tranquility envelop all around the country. Afterwards the happen mishap and this primary situation changes to undesirable. Tahmuroth started to righteous and courtesy and since bureau saw the complete calm of people, ill temper persuaded them to in refusal of his precept and discharge him of majesty. After Tahmuroth known their plans, the war happened and the bureau failed. Afterwards after that the hero get at to his target, a stable situation create. This condition happens in this story one time. The target of election this subject is adaptation this theoris on this kind of literary(story). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Saadi: the Matter of Reality and Imagination
Mozhdeh Shafie Mahdi NorouzIs it true to say that Saadi was an idealized embodiment of his moral teachings in Gulistan and Boustan? The body of criticism on Saadi’s works suggests that his biography provides no clear and valid information to judge about the extent to which Saadi acted what MoreIs it true to say that Saadi was an idealized embodiment of his moral teachings in Gulistan and Boustan? The body of criticism on Saadi’s works suggests that his biography provides no clear and valid information to judge about the extent to which Saadi acted what he preached. His moral teachings depict a sort of individual and social morality which is defined in relation to power and "falls in the category of political ethics. Political ethics appear as for the noble and the subordinate in Gulistan and Boustan. Ethics for the noble include all his teachings for governors and rulers in eulogies. On the other hand, ethics for the subordinate include all his suggestions for the public in relation to power position. Here, Saadi puts forward some conservative recommendations that trigger some contemporary critical commentaries. However, there are some cases where he takes up a third person narrative position to narrate the story of a king and a mendicant. In these stories, the mendicant is a witty man with bitter criticism on society, implying that one should relinquish earthly pleasures and advantages if he wants his criticism to be acceptable. First person narratives fall in two categories determinate and indeterminate narratives. Indirect speeches reflecting biographical facts are indeterminate narratives which give no information about the poet’s personality. Other narratives are more of an autobiography that report probable observations. These latter narratives demonstrate Saadi as a man quick at repartee that feels free to disclose his poverty and some cases of impiety. Therefore, they provide no idealized picture of the poet in terms of ethical principles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - A Structuralism Study on “Adab-e Safar” from “Tam-e Baroot” Collection of Short Stories from Barthes and Greimas Looking Glass
Usef golparvar Kamran Kasraei sayed Esmaeil Qafele BashiThe short story of ‘Adab-e Safar’ is one of the most influential stories of the story collection of ‘Tam-e Baroot’. This work, on account of its narrative style, symbolic atmosphere and the fact that it reflects the conflicting thoughts of a wom MoreThe short story of ‘Adab-e Safar’ is one of the most influential stories of the story collection of ‘Tam-e Baroot’. This work, on account of its narrative style, symbolic atmosphere and the fact that it reflects the conflicting thoughts of a woman who is not protected from the social damage of the war, is capable of being reviewed in perspective of contemporary literary theories, such as structuralism. This article, along with a general look into the narrative elements of ‘Adab-e Safar’, will analyze its structure from the view of Barthes’s codes concept. These codes consist of proairetic, hermeneutic, connotative, cultural or referential, symbolic and semantic codes. In proairetic codes, the axioms of Greimas and its three principles, i.e. performative, convergent and divergent; are exploited. This articles, based on the theories of Barthes and Greimas, presents clear proofs that the sort stories of the Holy War are technically and structurally qualified. The method used for this research is descriptive analytical one, and through note taking from various tomes the instances are analyzed in the story. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - The Story of Gonbad Sorkh in Nezami's Haft
Ae’zam Nazari Zaynab NowrooziHaft Peikar or Bahram Nameh is the fourth in Nezami’s five books and it is second only to Khosrow Va Shirin in terms of literary quality and merit. The poem is the best embodiment of earthly beauty and a unique mixture of epic and lyricism. In fact, Haft MoreHaft Peikar or Bahram Nameh is the fourth in Nezami’s five books and it is second only to Khosrow Va Shirin in terms of literary quality and merit. The poem is the best embodiment of earthly beauty and a unique mixture of epic and lyricism. In fact, Haft Peikar is praise of justice and forgiveness and denunciation of injustice and misrule. The story of 'Gonbad Sorkh' is one of the famous Iranian tales and the fourth narrative among the seven stories of Haft Peikar. The story has a long history in the literature of ancient Persia and other countries. The basic elements of the storey have remained the same, but it has been narrated in various forms in different sources. Nezami, the great poet of Persian literature, was also a great philosopher of his time. He never wrote a word without some purpose in mind. This article is intended to analyze the story of 'Gonbad Sorkh' in Haft Peikar from different perspectives and views such as characterization and plot. The ultimate goal is to understand the main purpose and meaning of the story and Nezami's ultimate message. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - The Effectiveness of Storytelling Therapy on the Components of Academic Self-Regulation in Female Students with Coping Disorder Disorder
Fereshte Yadi Alireza Kiamanesh Hadi BahramiPurpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of storytelling on the components of academic self-regulation (study strategy, goal setting, self-evaluation, seeking help, responsibility, and organization) in students with coping disorder. MorePurpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of storytelling on the components of academic self-regulation (study strategy, goal setting, self-evaluation, seeking help, responsibility, and organization) in students with coping disorder. Methodology: The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of the study was female students with Coping Disorder Disorder Disorder in Tehran Region 5 who were in the eighth grade in the academic year 1976-96. Out of 180 eighth grade students, 30 subjects were selected and divided into experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. Then, both groups received pre-test for academic self-regulation. After intervention for the experimental group (ie, storytelling for 8 consecutive sessions, 75 minutes a week), both groups were re-evaluated using the research tool. Participants in the pre-test and post-test were evaluated using the Arab-Zadeh Self-Regulatory Questionnaire (2013). The experimental group was trained in 8 sessions of storytelling strategies. However, during this time, the control group received no training. Data were analyzed by covariance analysis at the significant level 0.05 using spss21 software. Findings: The results showed that storytelling was effective on academic self-regulation and among the components of academic self-regulation, storytelling had only an effect on memory and helper-seeking strategy (P <0.001). Conclusion: Effective and effective storytelling therapies are effective methods to improve cognitive skills of people with ADHD. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Living Experience of Female Adolescents with Irrational Beliefs in a Narrative Analysis Study
Zahra Mesbah Khadijeh Abolmaali AlhosiniPurpose: The present study examines the lived experience of female adolescents with irrational beliefs in order to determine the common and underlying factors for the development of irrational beliefs in the cognitive distortions of female adolescents. Methodology: The MorePurpose: The present study examines the lived experience of female adolescents with irrational beliefs in order to determine the common and underlying factors for the development of irrational beliefs in the cognitive distortions of female adolescents. Methodology: The present qualitative research was phenomenology in the interpretive paradigm with the method of narrative analysis with the model of pluralistic analysis. The statistical population was the female students of the second year of high school in the 2nd and 5th districts of Tehran in the academic year 2019-2020. 274 students completed the Bernard (1988) Adolescent Irrational Beliefs Questionnaire, of which 16 were selected based on the inclusion criteria and purposefully due to having a score of 1.5 units of standard deviation above average. Then 12 people were studied until they reached theoretical saturation. Data collection was by semi-structured interview with McAdams. Formal-content and critical interpretive perspectives were used to analyze the data. Findings: The research findings after the coding process showed conceptual commonalities among adolescents with irrational beliefs in 5 main themes and 9 sub-themes. These adolescents had five common characteristics: low self-efficacy, poor communication skills with others and inappropriate communication with God, dysfunctional parent-child relationship pattern, and traumatic childhood problems. Conclusion: In the treatment interventions of these adolescents to reduce irrational beliefs, the role of weakness in communication skills and self-efficacy, communication with God can be paid more attention, and in preventive interventions, harmful childhood problems such as rejection and emotional deprivation and the role of dysfunctional parenting style. He considered irrational beliefs in order to move more confidently to educate and improve adolescents' mental health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - The Survey Effectiveness of Narrative Therapy on Work-Family Enrichment and Subjective Well-being of Female Employees of the University of Isfahan
Marziyeh MalekihaPurpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the narrative therapy (NT) on increasing work-family enrichment and subjective well-being of of female employees of the University of Isfahan. Methodology: The research design was semi experim MorePurpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the narrative therapy (NT) on increasing work-family enrichment and subjective well-being of of female employees of the University of Isfahan. Methodology: The research design was semi experimental with pre- and post-test and control group and random assignment. The research population included all female employees of the University of Isfahan at 2021 that from this population 30 person have been selected by available sampleing and have been placed randomly between expeimental and control group each with 15msmber. The subjects filled out work-family enrichment qouestionnaire (Greenhous & Powell, 2006) and adults subjective well-being scale (Keyes & Magyar-Mae, 2003). Then, the treatment group received 11, 90-min weekly sessions of NT (Whote & Epson, 1985) enriched with compassion while the control group received any intervention. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and via statistical package for social sciences version 23. Findings: The results of Analysis of Covariance showed that NT has effected on increasing work-family enrichment and family –work enrichment (p<0/05). Also, results of this study showed that narrative therapy has been effective in increasing the level of subjective well-being in three emotional, social and psychological dimensions (p<0/05). Conclusion: According to the the findings of this study, it can be concluded that narrative therapy can be used as one of the interventions in the field of creating a positive spillover between the two roles of work and family and enhancing subjective well-being in employee women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Examining the Dual Postmodernism Indicators in Novel "Hast ya Nist" by Sara Salar
Soheila Asadi hesam ziaee Hossein MansourianPostmodernism is the third period in the history of human thought. In this period, which includes from the end of the 19th century until today, the creation of reality replaces the discovery of reality. Many contemporary story writers in Iran have also written this stor MorePostmodernism is the third period in the history of human thought. In this period, which includes from the end of the 19th century until today, the creation of reality replaces the discovery of reality. Many contemporary story writers in Iran have also written this story style under the influence of the works of the postmodern writers of the West. One of these writers is Sara Salar, who introduced her art as a post-modern writer in the novel "Hast ya Nist" with elements such as denial of truth, skepticism, uncertainty, contradiction, giving originality to the reader's mind and passing the time while listing the postmodern elements in the novel or not. This research tries to provide a reasoned answer to this question:" Which postmodern elements did Sara Salarder use more in this novel?" And what is her place among postmodern storytellers? In this research, the authors specifically defined the characteristics of postmodern stories and their categories using the analytical descriptive method, and the findings of the study showed that the change of perspective and uncertainty are the most important features of postmodernism in this novel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - A Comparative the Decline of Metanarrative Writing in "Khowli Kanare Atash" and "Helal e Penhan"
Manije Farajian Mohtaram Dr.Ali Dehghan Dr.Ayyoub koushanThe decline of Metanarrative is one of the important features of postmodernism. Shirzadi writers in the novel "Helal e Penhan" and Ravaniour in the novel "Khowli Kanare Atash" have violated the logic of classical storytelling and the metanarrative of fiction. The signif MoreThe decline of Metanarrative is one of the important features of postmodernism. Shirzadi writers in the novel "Helal e Penhan" and Ravaniour in the novel "Khowli Kanare Atash" have violated the logic of classical storytelling and the metanarrative of fiction. The significance of this issue is that Shirzadi has attempted to create a homogeneity between the battlefield system and the postmodern space, and to Ravanipour represent the demise of large Metanarrative communities in the nomadic southern Iranian community in his novel and its writing. Because of the matching of two struggling spaces, the two writers' approach is similar in many ways. Therefore, in this article we try to compare the two writers' perceptions in explaining the declining components of storytelling. The components analyzed in this article show that Shirzadi, with a rhetorical representation of an incoherent literary genre, has recreated the collapse of the author's meta-narrative with the specific structure of the battlefield, and has been well-versed in courage, language, and confusion. Reflecting the crisis of identity, and Ravanipour, in violation of the classical principles of storytelling - as a grand narrative - has succeeded in rebuilding the traditional life scene in a postmodern space, and by symbolizing, the most important feature of postmodern man. That is, to draw an identity. But the contradictory elements of storytelling in the "Helal e Penhan" are more varied and richer than the Khowli…, and the construction as a technical indicator of the "Helal.." in the "Khowli Kanare Atash" has little to do. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Narrative analysis of the parrot and merchant story in Masnavi based on the theory of time in the narrative of Gerard Genet
sara javid mozafari mandana alimi One of the new approaches taken from linguistics is narratology; it examines the techniques and structure of narratives and thus seeks out the grammar of the narrative. Narration and its application in Persian literature has not much history. One of the greatest More One of the new approaches taken from linguistics is narratology; it examines the techniques and structure of narratives and thus seeks out the grammar of the narrative. Narration and its application in Persian literature has not much history. One of the greatest storytellers of Persian literature is Rumi; in Mathnawi he used storytelling and narration to achieve his goals and express high concepts. His versatility in applying the precise principles of storytelling techniques and his aristocracy to a variety of storytelling techniques has made Mathnawi a living and enduring world-renowned work. One of these is how to use the element of time in the narrative. One of the scholars who has been discussing the timing of the narrative in recent decades is Gerard French Genet. The purpose of this study is to use the theory of time in the narrative of Genet in three topics: order, continuity and frequency, to analyze the narrative-theological narrative of the parrot and merchant in Mathnawi. The method of this study is analytical-descriptive with narrative approach; also the findings of this study show that Gennett's theory of Genet provides a good model for analyzing Mathnawi stories. Another achievement of this research is the benefit of new approaches to literary criticism and analysis and new knowledge, including narration in the study of classical texts such as Mathnawi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Investigating the tone of the narrative in the story Arabi -o- Zanash; According to the theory of the center of the narrative of Gerard Genet
hossein ghasemifard hossein seyyediNarratology has in recent decades been more concerned with presenting different theories and has been at least helpful in many ways in fiction literature. In this regard, one of the prominent theorists is Gerard Genet, who has relied on the concept of tone and has made MoreNarratology has in recent decades been more concerned with presenting different theories and has been at least helpful in many ways in fiction literature. In this regard, one of the prominent theorists is Gerard Genet, who has relied on the concept of tone and has made a significant development in narrative. The application of the foundations of Genetic ideas in Persian stories reveals new portions of the writer's work. In the field of classical Persian literature, Rumi is a distinguished figure. In Masnawi he has described many moral, mystical and religious issues at the heart of the story. In the next article, the descriptive-analytical method explores the narrative techniques used in the narrative of Arabi -o- Zanash and its tone with an approach to Genetic ideas. The results show that the dominant time of narration, coincidence and location of high frequency narrative, was the hero. In other words, the inner monologue was the only component not seen in the story. This reflects the extraversion of their personalities and their activism in the real world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Rumi's trick in the temporal relationship between narration and story in Masnavi manavi
server Beigi's house Dr.Seyyed Mahmoud Seyed Sadeghi Dr.Shams Al-Hajiyeh Ahmadi roknabadiStorytelling has a unique and completely different place in " Masnavi manavi". The aim of this research, which is descriptive-analytical and library method, is to study the temporal communication methods between narration and story in Masnavi anecdotes, through which a MoreStorytelling has a unique and completely different place in " Masnavi manavi". The aim of this research, which is descriptive-analytical and library method, is to study the temporal communication methods between narration and story in Masnavi anecdotes, through which a stylistic model and a list of narrative possibilities for a variety of classical Persian stories can be achieved. It provided the basis for the creation and invention of new methods. To achieve these goals, we must study and analyze the levels of narrative in Masnavi and the relationship between them. To analyze this issue, the method of recent or contemporary narratology has been used, which mostly includes the theory proposed by the second generation of narratologists (contemporary narratology). Like Genet and his commentators. The result is that Rumi's narration is aimed at mystical and moral goals and this purposefulness affects all dimensions and categories of narration and has made Rumi's narrative method special and distinctive. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Literary Adaptation in Iranian Cinema
narges salehi mohammad reza haji aqa babaeiLiterary works are valuable sources that manifest in various forms in different artistic areas. One of these areas is where literary texts are used in order to create films, a procedure known as adaptation. Adaptation here means using a written text partially or fully i MoreLiterary works are valuable sources that manifest in various forms in different artistic areas. One of these areas is where literary texts are used in order to create films, a procedure known as adaptation. Adaptation here means using a written text partially or fully in order to create a visual text, and several scholars maintain that this procedure takes place in three ways, namely free, faithful, and word-for-word. Other approaches have also been put forward. The current research looks at adaptation, focusing on both the narrative text and the visual text. Considering the visual text, three approaches to cinematic adaptation have been introduced and illustrated with examples from the Iranian cinema. Considering the narrative text, two approaches to the analysis of adapted works have also been reviewed. The current paper aims to address the shortcomings of approaches to the analysis of adaptation and put forward a new perspective that gives more weight to the elements of the literary text. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - A Study and Application of Narrative in Ghazaleh Alizadeh's Works, Relying on the Novels "House of the Idrisians", "Nights of Tehran"
Zinat Nateghpour Ali Mohammad Moazzeni Teymur Malmir Narratology, as a new science, examines the grammar of fiction. Using the indicators of narratology, the structural pattern of narratives can be achieved. Numerous linguists have offered extensive theories in this field, and among them, Gerard Genet's studies are More Narratology, as a new science, examines the grammar of fiction. Using the indicators of narratology, the structural pattern of narratives can be achieved. Numerous linguists have offered extensive theories in this field, and among them, Gerard Genet's studies are extensive. In his study of narratives, he relies on three general indicators: "time", "state or aspect" and "sound or tone". Ghazaleh Alizadeh, is among the contemporary writers of Iranian fiction whose works can be considered from the perspective of narratology. Relying on the views of narratologists, especially Gerard Gennet's theories, this article examines the three components mentioned in the works of these authors. Narration in the past and the past in the past, the narration of the present and the frequent passage from the present to the past are the salient features of the mentioned works in terms of time. Most of the events of these works are narrated in a straight line, Using Negative and Positive Acceleration, Frequency and Its Types, Zero Focus and Inner Focus, Intra-Story Narrative from a First-Person Perspective, Monologue, Hadith Nafs and I am a Witness, Extra-Story Narrative from a Third-Person Perspective, as well as Post-Time and Simultaneous Narration, Is one of the features of narration in the above-mentioned novels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - An investigation into three different techniques to raise critical cultural awareness
Leila Amiri Kordestani Massood Yazdanimoghaddam Parviz MaftoonThis study attempted to explore to what extent each of the three techniques of culture narratives, culture capsules and culture training activities significantly affect the critical cultural awareness of Iranian EFL learners by comparing their means from pretest to post MoreThis study attempted to explore to what extent each of the three techniques of culture narratives, culture capsules and culture training activities significantly affect the critical cultural awareness of Iranian EFL learners by comparing their means from pretest to post-test questionnaire after ten-session treatment. Furthermore, it investigated whether there are any differences in the effectiveness of these techniques. Regarding the participants, the testing group was 154 undergraduate English language translation students, including both male and female students, forming three experimental groups. This investigation used the quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design. The sampling method was convenience sampling. The homogeneity test and a pre-post critical cultural awareness questionnaire were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed through Repeated Measures ANOVA and Simple Effect Analysis. Based on the obtained results, there were significant differences between the pretest and the post-test, which means that by applying the techniques mentioned above, the critical cultural awareness of learners increased. Also, there were significant differences between the three groups’ overall means on pre-post critical cultural awareness questionnaires. Considering the three groups, culture narratives, culture capsule and culture training activities, the former outperforms the others. Furthermore, between culture training activities and culture capsule groups, the culture training activities group performed better than the culture capsule group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Investigating the Factors Affecting the Formation of Primary Teacher Educational Theory in Bilingual Areas: A Narrative Inquiry
javad jahandidehThe purpose of this article is to investigate the factors affecting the formation of primary school education theory in bilingual areas. The present research has been done with a qualitative approach and using the narrative research design. The research field included a MoreThe purpose of this article is to investigate the factors affecting the formation of primary school education theory in bilingual areas. The present research has been done with a qualitative approach and using the narrative research design. The research field included all bilingual teachers in Saravan city. By purposive sampling method, 4 people were selected from all bilingual teachers in primary school. The research tools were narrative and semi-structured interviews as well as field notes. Analysis of research data was performed using thematic content analysis. depth analysis of teachers' perspectives identifies and categorizes six organizing themes including: personal life experiences (experience of interacting with the child in personal life, family circumstances, familiarity with successful educational systems), pre-service experiences (student experiences, student experiences, Teacher-like experience), in-service experiences (interaction with students and classroom conditions, interaction with colleagues, testing ideas in practice), teacher personality traits (hereditary traits, acquired traits), nature of the child (characteristics of the modern child, General characteristics of the child) and education (psychology and related theories, practical training or internship, theories related to education).The findings also showed that each teacher has a unique educational theory that is largely inconsistent with the educational theories introduced by educational theorists; Rather, they are either a combination of several theories or a new form of belief about the components of the educational process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Studing of social strata of Iran in the national narratives
پرویز Hosein talaei GH.R Askari مصطفی JarfiFormation of different classes in human societies has been one of the consequences of population growth and the complexity resulting from that in initial communities. This process, dating back to the human history, has occurred in Iranian society too. However, the MoreFormation of different classes in human societies has been one of the consequences of population growth and the complexity resulting from that in initial communities. This process, dating back to the human history, has occurred in Iranian society too. However, the analysis of social classes based on the ancient Iranian myths and stories (national narratives) has been considered less. How the formation of social classes and their assignment, divisions and function in the national narratives of Iran, is the main issue of this research. The present study shows that the root of social strata can be searched in the Indo-European society. Initially these were divided into three groups: Srvanan (Clergymen), Artshtaran (military) and Vastryvshan (farmers). But away from the Gahan society, other classes were created too including teachers, craftsmen, craft eyes, musician ,etc. National narratives, assign these classes to Jamshid. The structure of social strata of Iran, Relying on livelihoods and moral society, has been based on the principle of dutifulness in order to avoid interfering in the affairs, each class will work in the disposal of evil forces and maintenance of divine Justice and faith. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - The Relationship between Willingness to Communicate and Two Types of Speaking Task: Narrative and Dialogue
Shamsi Bagheri Atdersi Ramin Rahimy -
Open Access Article
112 - The effectiveness of group narrative therapy on social anxiety of teens in Tabriz
Fereshteh Changizi Masoumeh AzemodehIn recent years, the attention of clinical psychologists has increased in research into the causes, nature, and treatment of social anxiety in adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of group narrative therapy on social anxiety in adolescents in t MoreIn recent years, the attention of clinical psychologists has increased in research into the causes, nature, and treatment of social anxiety in adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of group narrative therapy on social anxiety in adolescents in tabriz. The present study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test with control group. The sample consisted of 24 subjects (12 girls and 12 boys) who were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two groups of 12 (experimental and control). The social anxiety scale of adolescents was used to collect data. First, all the samples responded to the questionnaire. Then, group therapy was performed on the experimental group in 10 sessions, and finally, the post-test was taken from the experimental and control group. Data were analyzed by spss software and one-way covariance analysis. The findings of this study showed that the group therapy group's narrative therapy sessions reduced the social anxiety of adolescents in the experimental group compared to the control group (p <0.05). The results of this study indicate that group therapy has a significant effect on social anxiety in adolescents (p <0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - The Effectiveness of narrative therapy on source of control and hope in life in adolescent girls with addicted parents
Atefeh sarif Farzaneh niknejadiAbstract should be one paragraph Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of narrative therapy on The source of control and hope in life of adolescent The source of control and hope in life of adolescent girls with addicted MoreAbstract should be one paragraph Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of narrative therapy on The source of control and hope in life of adolescent The source of control and hope in life of adolescent girls with addicted parents referring to cultural centers in Isfahan. The main focus of narrative therapy is repair and the lions or meanings that people attribute to the events and happenings of their lives. Based on people's interpretations of events, it can limit or extend their possible actions. The idea of a source of control is the degree to which a person believes that it can have a lasting effect on their lives. The source of control can be internal or external. It is described in the form of Vint's desire and tendency to the desired goal outcomes. Materials and Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental study in which two experimental and control groups were used with pre-test and post-test. The statistical population of this study included all girls with addicted parents who referred to cultural centers in Isfahan, 30 of whom entered the study purposefully. These 30 people were randomly divided into two groups of 15 experimental and control and narrative therapy was performed on the experimental group. While the girls in the control group did not receive any training. For measuring instruments, two control questionnaires with Cronbach's alpha 0.64 and validity 0.46 and life expectancy questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha for the whole scale of 0.82 and for the subscale of factor thanks 0.79 and strategic thanks 0.88 and Validity 0.44 has been used. Results: To test the hypotheses, analysis of covariance was used. The mean the pre-test mean scores in the control ban test in the control group were 11.20 and for the experimental gropup was 11.53, and in the post-test were 10.00 and 6.80, respectively, and also in the life expectancy pre-tes in the control group was 25.73 and experimental was 25.60 and in the post-test were 24.46 and 31.53, respectively. the obtained results for the sub-scale of factor thinking in the pre-test were in the pre-test 12.60-12.33 and in the post-test 15.60-11.60 and in the Strategic Thanksgiving Scale the obtained results in the pre-test were 13.40-13.00 and in the post-test were 15.93-12.86 . Also, according to the results of one-way analysis of covariance on the average test scores in the control and experimental groups, it can be said that the effect or difference in the control object test is equal to 0.307, in the life expectancy test 0.852 and also in the subscale, Thanks factor was 0.785 and strategic ? was -680. Therefore, the results of statistical analysis showed that narrative therapy has an effect on the prevention of control and hope in life. This training also had an effect on two scales of life expectancy (namely factor and strategy attitudes) (P <0.001)۔ Conclusion: Adolescent girls with addicted parents, in addition to the crises caused by puberty due to having addicted parents, experience numerous crises and problems and generally have a negative outlook on life and the future and experience feelings of victimhood and lack of control in life. According to its potential strategies, narrative therapy again provides the opportunity for adolescents to form a new narrative of their lives with a responsible view of life in the shadow of hope and motivation, in which the individual is the builder of his own life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - The Effectiveness of Narrative Exposure Therapy on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Marital Intimacy among Women Affected by Marital Infidelity
Ali Mohammadi Saeed Imani Abolghasem KhoshkoneshThe purpose of this study was to effectiveness of narrative exposure therapy on posttraumatic stress disorder and marital intimacy among women affected by marital infidelity. This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with control group an MoreThe purpose of this study was to effectiveness of narrative exposure therapy on posttraumatic stress disorder and marital intimacy among women affected by marital infidelity. This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with control group and follow-up 2 month. In this study the statistical population of all women affected by marital infidelity of Shahriar city in year 1400. In the first stage, using convenience sampling method, 24 women affected by marital infidelity were selected and then randomly divided into one experimental group (12 women) and one control group (12 women) were replaced and experimental group underwent narrative exposure therapy (8 sessions 90 minutes), but the control group received no training and remained in the waiting list. To collect data revised civilian Mississippi scale for posttraumatic stress disorder of Norris and Perilla and marital intimacy scale of Walker and Thompson. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-24 software in two sections: descriptive and inferential (analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni). The results of the study showed that of narrative exposure therapy in post-test and follow up had a significant effect on posttraumatic stress disorder and marital intimacy (P<0.05). Based on the results of the present study, it can be said that narrative exposure therapy can be used as a treatment method on posttraumatic stress disorder and marital intimacy among women affected by marital infidelity in counseling centers and psychological services Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Comparing the Efficacy of Training based on Cognitive-Behavioral Play Therapy and Training based on Narrative Therapy on Social adjustment and Assertiveness of Female Students with an Educable Intellectual Disability from Tabriz city families
Anise Jabbary daneshvar seyeddavoud hoseininasab masoumeh AzmoudehThe present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of Training based on Cognitive-Behavioral Play Therapy and Training based on Narrative Therapy on Social adjustment and Assertiveness of Female Students with an Educable Intellectual Disability MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of Training based on Cognitive-Behavioral Play Therapy and Training based on Narrative Therapy on Social adjustment and Assertiveness of Female Students with an Educable Intellectual Disability from Tabriz city families. This study followed a quasi-experimental research design with a pre-test, post-test, and a control group. The statistical population included all students with an educable intellectual disability enrolled in Tabriz elementary school in 1399-1400 academic year, of whom 45 students randomly, by using inclusion criteria, were assigned to two experimental( play therapy and narrative therapy) and one control group ( 15 per group) using convenience sampling. The Sinha and Singh's Adjustment Inventory for school students and the Gmbryl and Ritchie's Assertiveness Questionnaire (1975) were used to collect data. One experimental group received play therapy ( eight sessions of cognitive-behavioral play therapy) , the second experimental group received narrative therapy (eight sessions of cognitive-behavioral narrative therapy) and the control group has not received any intervention. The covariance analysis demonstrated a significant difference in social adjustment and assertiveness between cognitive-behavioral play therapy, narrative therapy and control groups ( P value: 0/001). The cognitive-behavioral play therapy was superior to narrative therapy in terms of increasing social adjustment. Moreover, the narrative therapy was more effective in increasing assertiveness than cognitive-behavioral play therapy .Thus, narrative therapy and cognitive-behavioral play therapy can be used in conjunction to alleviate psychological problems in students with educable intellectual disabilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Development as a language game (with an approach to Japanese development)
Ayyub Yussefpour NezamiDevelopment is a linguistic issue, and developing action(s) is a kind of language game with many forms. Language is the essence of culture and "mother tongue" is the essence of humanity (being human). With such a potential that empirical paleontology studies, bio-anthro MoreDevelopment is a linguistic issue, and developing action(s) is a kind of language game with many forms. Language is the essence of culture and "mother tongue" is the essence of humanity (being human). With such a potential that empirical paleontology studies, bio-anthropology, linguistics, and sociology reaffirm it, every human being, with a linguistic basis, is a linguistic issue. Human life is not conceivable for human being without language. This article, from the perspective of postmodern is sociology, and with the reverence of Heidegger, who said: "language is the home"; language is as the home of development and mother tongue is its spirit and soul. Development and under-development are not inherent in a particular language. Each language has a form of development game (s) in itself and its actualization is the kind of way in which culture (Interlingual, inter-language games) will be its home. This mode is not necessarily western and modern, and development is not necessarily a modernization. In this context, security and institutionalized freedom are structural and development will eventually be an "accidental". With this framework and theoretical elements, the development of Japan in the “Japanese language” was evaluated. Citing the epistemic characteristics of the Japanese language, as well as the findings of the language games of the two leading Japanese developers (Sony and Honda), we come to introductory elements of the interplay games in the identity of the Japanese development as a recovering. In the research process, the consistency of findings with the linguistic components of development in the Japanese context, with the components of the language of postmodernity, and the theory of Max Weber, was guessed that came to a positive result in an introductory test. Based on the microeconomic narratives of development, in some parts of the Japanese companies, the present study sought to draw on a lively development of Japanese language development games, as well as a new development style. And the design and implementation of other research in this area will reflect a realistic picture of Japanese language development games. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - رابطه بین درک خواندن زبان اموزان ایرانی، میزان دانش واژگانی و پوشش واژگانی متن: موردی از ژانرهای روایی و استدلالی
نادر اسدی آیدین لو میترا تقی نژاداین مطالعه به بررسی رابطه بین درک خواندن زبان اموزان ایرانی، میزان دانش واژگانی و پوشش واژگانی متن در ژانرهای روایی و استدلالی می پردازد. بدین منظور 120 دانشجوی مرد و زن بر اساس ازمون نلسون از میان دانشجویان دانشگاه ازادواحد تالش انتخاب شدند. تست نلسون به مظور همگ Moreاین مطالعه به بررسی رابطه بین درک خواندن زبان اموزان ایرانی، میزان دانش واژگانی و پوشش واژگانی متن در ژانرهای روایی و استدلالی می پردازد. بدین منظور 120 دانشجوی مرد و زن بر اساس ازمون نلسون از میان دانشجویان دانشگاه ازادواحد تالش انتخاب شدند. تست نلسون به مظور همگن سازی دانشجویان در مهارت خواندن گرفته شد. سپس محقق دانشجویان را با دو ازمون درک مطلب با ژانرهای استدلالی و روایی از لحاظ دانش واژگانی و پوشش واژگانی درهر متن مورد ارزیابی قرار داد. دانش وازگانی دانشجویان بوسیله لولز تست و پوشش واژگانی متن از طریق جدیدترین نوع پروفایل واژگان مورد اندزه گیری قرار گرفت. به منظور دستیابی به میزان رابطه بین متغیرها رابطه پیرسون مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. نتایج به دست امده از تحلیل ها نشانگر رابطه چشمگیری میان درک مطلب در ژانرهای مختلف , دانش واژگانی و پوشش وازگانی متن بود. Manuscript profile -
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118 - بهبود عملکرد داستانگویی شفاهی زبان آموزان سطح متوسط ایرانی از نظر صحت دستوری، روانی وپیچیدگی با ا یجاد آگاهی معنایی از طریق فیلدهای معنای
بهزاد محمودی سعیده اهنگری مهناز سعیدیتاثیرات تکنیکهای ایجاد آگاهی معنایی بر عملکرد فراگیران زبان بوسیله محققان زیادی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. تحقیق حاضر به بررسی اثرات ایجاد انگیزش آگاهی معنایی از طریق فیلدهای معنایی بر عملکرد وظیفه محور شفاهی در زبان آموزان سطح متوسط ایرانی می پردازد. افرتد شرکت Moreتاثیرات تکنیکهای ایجاد آگاهی معنایی بر عملکرد فراگیران زبان بوسیله محققان زیادی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. تحقیق حاضر به بررسی اثرات ایجاد انگیزش آگاهی معنایی از طریق فیلدهای معنایی بر عملکرد وظیفه محور شفاهی در زبان آموزان سطح متوسط ایرانی می پردازد. افرتد شرکت کننده در این تحقیق شامل 40 زبان آموز سطح متوسط می باشد که همگنی اولیه آنها از لحاظ مهارت زبانی از طریق یک آزمون زبان عمومی سنجیده شد. سپس شرکت کنندگان به صورت تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل قرار گرفتند که هر گروه شامل 20 نفر زبان آموز می شد. سپس یک پیش آزمون که متشکل از یک داستان کوتاه تصویری بود به عمل آمد. زبان آموزان باید داستان کوتاه را بر اساس مجموعه تصاویرارایه شده به صورت شفاهی بازگو می کردند. مدت تحقیق 17 جلسه تدریس بود که در هر جلسه، شرکنندگان درگروه آزمایش، تکنیک مربوط به آگاهی معنایی را دریافت می کردند. آگاهی نحوی از طریق تکنیک " فیلدهای معنایی" اعمال می شد. درست بعد از سپری شدن زمان آزمایش، آزمونی به عمل آمد که متشکل از یک داستان تصویری برای بیان شفاهی بود. دقت شد تا سطح دشواری داستان منطبق با سطح زبان در زبان آموزان باشد. نتایج تجزیه و تحلیل آماری نشان داد که شرکت کنندگان در گروه آزمایش نسبت به گروه کنترل در بیان شفاهی وظیفه محور داستان از نظر مهارت زبانی عمکرد بهتری داشتند. نتایج این تحقیق می تواند راه را برای تحقیقات آینده در حوزه انگیزش آگاهی زبانی در زبان آموزان باز نموده و برای زبان آموزان، معلمین و مولفین کتابهای درسی مثمرثمر باشد. Manuscript profile -
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119 - به کارگیری تکنیک فتوویس در جهت بهبود تفکر انتقادی و حساسیت بین فرهنگی در بین زبان آموزان دختر و پسر ایرانی
مهزاد کریمی عزیزه چالاک حسین حیدری تبریزیاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیر فتوویس بر حساسیت میان فرهنگی و تفکر انتقادی انجام شده است. برای این منظور ، یک نمونه در دسترس از 48 زبان آموز موسسه زبان انگلیسی واقع در اصفهان ، ایران انتخاب و سپس در دو گروه قرار گرفت: یک گروه آزمایشی فتوویس ((PG و یک گروه شاهد .(CG) سپس، Moreاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیر فتوویس بر حساسیت میان فرهنگی و تفکر انتقادی انجام شده است. برای این منظور ، یک نمونه در دسترس از 48 زبان آموز موسسه زبان انگلیسی واقع در اصفهان ، ایران انتخاب و سپس در دو گروه قرار گرفت: یک گروه آزمایشی فتوویس ((PG و یک گروه شاهد .(CG) سپس، طراحی نیمه تجربی (گروه مقایسه غیر معادل پیش آزمون-پس آزمون) اجرا شد. مقیاس حساسی بین فرهنگی هم به عنوان پیش آزمون و پس آزمون مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. در گروه آزمایش، شرکت کنندگان در دو مرحله، ابتدا با استفاده از عکاسی به جمع آوری قالب واره های ذهنی پرداخته و متن 100 لغتی همراه با عکس تهیه نمودند و در مرحله دوم آن را با همکلاسیهای خود به تعامل گذاشتند. داده های جمع آوری شده با اجرای انکووآ مورد تجزیه قرار گرفت. نتایج حاکی از بهبود چشمگیر PG در دستیابی به سطوح بالاتر حساسیت بین فرهنگی است و شرکت کنندگان زن PG نسبت به کسب نمرات بالاتر در سه بعد ISS از همتایان مرد خود بهتر عمل کردند. همچنین، نوشته های دانش آموزان نیز برای چهار دسته کدگذاری شد. نتایج نشان داد که فتوویس منجر به سطوح بالاتر تفکر انتقادی می شود. برای کشف نگرش شرکت کنندگان ، یک مصاحبه نیمه ساختار یافته انجام شد و به صورت صوتی ضبط شد. کدها نشان داد که شرکت کنندگان نگرش مثبتی نسبت به فتوویس دارند. بنابراین، روش فتوویس فرصتی را به زبان آموزان می دهد تا سطح حساسیت بین فرهنگی و تفکر انتقادی را بالا ببرند. Manuscript profile -
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120 - بررسی تاثیر فعالیتهای خواندنی-تفکری هدایت شده بر روی توانایی درک مطلب سطح بندی شده
مریم حبیب اللهی اقدم ثریا بهروزی زادخواندن و درک مطلب یکی از مهارتهای ضروری در یادگیری هر زمانی است. به نظر می رسد نظام آموزشی ایران نیازمند تغییر و بازنگری در تدریس درک مطلب خواندن است. بدین منظور، تحقیق حاضر روش فعالیت خواندنی-تفکری هدایت شده را ( ارائه شده توسط استافر 1969 ) به عنوان مدلی برای تدریس خو Moreخواندن و درک مطلب یکی از مهارتهای ضروری در یادگیری هر زمانی است. به نظر می رسد نظام آموزشی ایران نیازمند تغییر و بازنگری در تدریس درک مطلب خواندن است. بدین منظور، تحقیق حاضر روش فعالیت خواندنی-تفکری هدایت شده را ( ارائه شده توسط استافر 1969 ) به عنوان مدلی برای تدریس خواندن درک مطلب سطح بندی شده ارائه کرده که انتظار می رود روش ذکر شده در جهت تقویت توانایی خواندن درک مطلب سطح بندی شده در دانش آموزان موثر باشد. در جهت اجرای اهداف این تحقیق ، در مرحله نخست 50 شرکت کننده به صورت تصادفی از دانش آموزان آموزشگاه زبانسرا در سطح متوسط انتخاب شده که در 2 گروه 25 نفری ( گروه آزمایشی و گروه کنترل ) جای گرفته اند. با الهام گیری از روش ترکیبی، در مرحله ی کمی دانش آموزان در پیش آزمون و پس آزمون شرکت کرده اند و در مرحله کیفی با 15 نفر از دانش آموزان گروه آزمایشی مصاحبه ای در خصوص تاثیر اجرای روش فعالیت خواندی – تفکری هدایت شده(متن منتخب از نوع داستانی بوده) بر روی درک مطلب سطح بندی شده صورت گرفته است . نتایج بدست آمده مبنی بر این است که روش مذکور تاثیر بسزایی در خواندن مطالب سطح بندی شده داشته است. مقاله حاضر اشاراتی بر برخی از روش های تعلیمی برای معلمین و دانش آموزان زبان خارج انگلیسی وهمچنین راه هایی برای انجام تحقیقات بعدی ارائه نموده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - تحلیل کاربرد نقشنماهای گفتمانی در داستانهای کودکان فارسی زبان
Iran Mehrabi Sariنقشنماهای گفتمانی عناصر زبانی هستند که نشانگر روابط متفاوت و پیوستگی میان واحدهای گفتاری میباشند. بیشتر پژوهشها درباره رشد این صورتهای زبانی، اغلب متمرکز بر مکالمات است تا داستان گویی، از این رو، پژوهش پیشرو به بررسی تأثیر سن و ابزار استخراج داستانگویی بر کاربرد نقش Moreنقشنماهای گفتمانی عناصر زبانی هستند که نشانگر روابط متفاوت و پیوستگی میان واحدهای گفتاری میباشند. بیشتر پژوهشها درباره رشد این صورتهای زبانی، اغلب متمرکز بر مکالمات است تا داستان گویی، از این رو، پژوهش پیشرو به بررسی تأثیر سن و ابزار استخراج داستانگویی بر کاربرد نقشنماهای گفتمانی در کودکان پیشمدرسهای پرداخته است. پانزده کودک تکزبانه طبیعی فارسیزبان، دختر و پسر، در این پژوهش شرکت داشتهاند که در سه گروه سنی 4-5، 5-6 و 6-7 طبقهبندی شدهاند. در این پژوهش، دو آزمون بازگویی و تولید داستان بر اساس دوکتاب متفاوت داستان کودک به منظور استخراج داستانهای کودکان این مطالعه بکاررفتند. این پژوهش نشان میدهد که عملکرد نقشنماهای گفتمانی در بافت داستانهای شفاهی، از معنا و نیز عملکرد گفتمانی معمول آنها در بافتهای دیگر پیروی نمیکند. در واقع، آنها تنها به ادامه روند داستان کمکمیکنند. محققین در حوزه داستانگویی بر این باورند که این نقشنماها در آغاز و پایان داستانگویی، در سوقدادن شنونده به سوی تفسیر درست داستان و نیز دنبال نمودن عناصر داستان ، کمک بسزایی دارد. یافتههای این پژوهش بیانگر آن بود که با توجه به عامل سن، هیچ تفاوت بسزایی در کاربرد این نقش نماها وجود ندارد. نکته قابل ذکر دیگر این است که تمامی کودکان در همه گروه های سنی عملکرد متفاوتی را در آزمون بازگویی داستان نسبت به آزمون تولید داستان با توجه به تعداد پارهگفتارها و نقشنماهای گفتمانی از خود نشاندادند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - New Search in Religious Tax of Bills
mohammad rasoul ahangaran hossein sanaeiWe can search the subject of religious tax for bills in three chapters following of jurisprudence:1-religious tax of the property business 2- religious tax of gold coins and silver coins 3-judicial leader. In this article, it will be proved based on the second title nam MoreWe can search the subject of religious tax for bills in three chapters following of jurisprudence:1-religious tax of the property business 2- religious tax of gold coins and silver coins 3-judicial leader. In this article, it will be proved based on the second title namely religious tax of gold coins and silver coins and by this reason we discuss the six methods. Among the six methods, fifth and sixth are correct because of at the fifth reason I mean at the narrative of Mohammad Ibn Moslem we see the word and at the sixth reason we see some narrative such as narrative of Hassan Ibn Ali Ibn Vasha that proves the necessity of payment for it at every kind of money. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Reinvestigation of Jurisprudential Policies at Population Control and Family Regulation
forozan alaei Sosan Aal RasoulTo give attention to importance of decrease or increase of human population at different aspects (scientific, cultural, social, political and economic) we try in this article to choose the best idea, to agree or disagree with birth control, to take into consideration of MoreTo give attention to importance of decrease or increase of human population at different aspects (scientific, cultural, social, political and economic) we try in this article to choose the best idea, to agree or disagree with birth control, to take into consideration of jurisprudences ideas and their basis. So we will analyze it, after explanation of four main ideas about population, in the opinion of Muslim jurisprudences that is conforming to each of them. Anyway, Islam never had ordered about increasing or decreasing population, explicitly and clearly, so the final strategy will he determined in respect to Islamic principles and doctrines and time and place necessities and social conditions. This important duty in this responsibility of Islamic ruler, that issues “The governor rule†to keep the public discipline, and orders new rules and occasional laws to regulate the social affairs, based on the interests and mischievous that determines, and reacts to special needs of time and place, while keeping the basis. It proves that Islam conforms to the theory of proportional population. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - The basis of veterinary verdicts in religious signs and narratives
مهدی Harasi سعید Hassanzadeh Delgosh رحیم Vakilzadeh حسین JodeyriAbstract Nowadays, due to progress in different techniques of treatment, disease prevention, surgery and implication of various facilities in veterinary sciences and today's incidental problems, and considering the determining role of veterinary sciences in pro MoreAbstract Nowadays, due to progress in different techniques of treatment, disease prevention, surgery and implication of various facilities in veterinary sciences and today's incidental problems, and considering the determining role of veterinary sciences in providing social health of society and also securing crude different livestock products dimensions, slaughter and various infected problems in slaughter-house and … more and more it seems that one could not be certain and assured or it should have asked religions problems for explanation of the new dimensions, for assuring the consumers to their healthy and hygienic livestock and attracting sufficient trust from point view of religious law. In this study, in addition to research in koranic resources, religious traditions and narratives the opinions of grand religious imitation references in the point of new topic problems will be sought. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - The effect of narrative therapy on social adjustment improvement in children with conduct disorder
Farzaneh Asgarzadeh Salmasi Hamid Pour SharifiIn This study the effectiveness of narrative therapy on social adjustment improvement in children with conduct disorder (CD) was studied. In this quasi-experimental method a sample of 45 male 4 & 5 grader students with (CD) were selected from Tabriz primary schools MoreIn This study the effectiveness of narrative therapy on social adjustment improvement in children with conduct disorder (CD) was studied. In this quasi-experimental method a sample of 45 male 4 & 5 grader students with (CD) were selected from Tabriz primary schools and then randomly assigned to three groups (two experimental groups) and a control group. The data gathering instruments included an interview based on diagnosis criteria DSM-IV TR and child symptom Inventories (CSI-4) teacher’s form and Winelend social maturity scale. The narrative therapy was administered for experimental groups narrative therapy in mother tongue (Turkish), and narrative therapy in non-mother tongue (Farsi) in 11 session (45 minutes for 4 weeks) and control group received no intervention.The results of one way ANCOVA analysis showed that social adjustment of experimental groups was more than control group. It was concluded that narrative therapy could be used social adjustment improvement in children with conduct disorder Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Narrative, Group Therapy on Improving the Cognitive Outcomes in Students with Depressive Symptoms
Fereshteh Changizi Masoumeh Azemoudeh Sholeh Livarjani Shahram VahediThe aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based mindfulness intervention in group therapy on improving cognitive performance in students with depressive syndrome. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based mindfulness intervention in group therapy on improving cognitive performance in students with depressive syndrome. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with an experimental and control group. The statistical population of the study was all students with symptoms of depression, Tabriz in 1398, who had no other psychological disorders and use of antidepressants, of which 20 for The experimental group and 20 people were selected for the control group by available sampling method. Young's plan questionnaire (short form, third edition, 90 items) and Snyder et al.'s (1991) adult hope questionnaire were used to collect information. The experimental group underwent mindfulness intervention based on group narrative therapy for 16 sessions and during this period the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS software. The results showed that the process of mindfulness intervention sessions based on group narrative therapy led to a decrease in the mean scores of cognitive performance in students with depressive syndrome in the experimental group compared to the control group. (P≤ 0/01). According to the results, it can be argued that mindfulness intervention based on group narrative therapy has a positive effect on improving cognitive performance in students with depressive symptoms Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Effectiveness of Group Narrative Therapy on Life Expectancy and Happiness of the Elderly in Tabriz
Fereshteh Changizi Amir PanahaliThis study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of group narrative therapy on life expectancy and happiness of the elderly in Tabriz. It was a semi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and a control group. The research population included MoreThis study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of group narrative therapy on life expectancy and happiness of the elderly in Tabriz. It was a semi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and a control group. The research population included all 60 and older people living in Tabriz who did not have any psychological disorders (amnesia, dementia or Alzheimer). The research sample included 20 people (10 woman and 10 man) who were selected randomly using voluntary sampling in two groups of 10 (experimental and control). Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI 1989) and Miller Hope Scale (MHS) were used for the data collection. First, all the participants answered the questionnaires. Then, group narrative therapy was employed the experimental group in 10 sessions, and finally, a post-test was given to the experimental and control groups. SPSS and one-way ANOVA were used in order to analyze the data. The research findings showed that the process of group narrative therapy increases life expectancy and happiness among the elderly in the experimental group as compared to the control group (P < 0/05). The research results showed that group narrative therapy is effective in enhancing life expectancy and happiness among the elderly Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - The selection process of Farhangian university, the lived experience of a student teacher: a narrative research
Mohammad Sharbatiyan Alireza Ghorbani -
Open Access Article
129 - Criticism and Analysis of the narrative forms of Shirin and khosrow of Amir-khosrowDehlavi
pooran yusefipoor kermaniStructuralism is one of the most important literary theories that investigates and analyzes the general structure in significant systems like language, literature, myth and etc. The structural analysis of story and narrations is among the most beautiful literary analyse MoreStructuralism is one of the most important literary theories that investigates and analyzes the general structure in significant systems like language, literature, myth and etc. The structural analysis of story and narrations is among the most beautiful literary analyses in contemporary literary criticism. The artistic beauty of Dehlavi's poetry in Shirin and Khosrow is widely acknowledged. The elements and story analyses of this lyrical fiction show us many aesthetic aspects of this epic. From constructionist perspective, the text itself and the relationships within it are considered as important and notable parameters in the study of literary work. Shirin and Khosrow is the kind of narrative work in which many modern story elements can be found. The art of fiction, language abilities, narrative techniques and Amir-khosrow Dehlavi’s unique strength in painting word pictures gave it such power to be analyzed from various aspects. In this study, the narrative forms of Shirin and Khosrow from the perspective of Todorov is investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Narrative Analysis of Farhad and Shirin by Vahshi Bafghi based on Temporal Structure
jahangir safari محمود AghakhaniThe narrative system of "Farhad and Shirin" by Vahshi Bafghi's, tells the story of love between Shirin (lover and wife of Khosro Parviz) and Farhad (artist and idol maker) and is one of the poems that has a narrative and theatrical structure. The method of narration and MoreThe narrative system of "Farhad and Shirin" by Vahshi Bafghi's, tells the story of love between Shirin (lover and wife of Khosro Parviz) and Farhad (artist and idol maker) and is one of the poems that has a narrative and theatrical structure. The method of narration and storytelling in this system is such that the poet using the elements of the story; They create a different atmosphere, including narrative plot, character, dialogue, perspective and description. This research has been done with the aim of analyzing the elements of the story in this system in a descriptive-analytical manner. This narrative system expands based on the linear time of the narrative And events occur one after the other in a chain; In such a way that first a balanced situation is established, Then, with an accident, this situation changes and an unbalanced situation prevails in the poem. After mentioning the incidents, the narration reaches a balanced state and ends. In fact, this system consists of a chain and five narrative elements, which ultimately determine the fate of the main character. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Analysis and Criticism of Narration in the Main Themes of One Thousand and One Nights
Afsaneh Afroughinia Mohammad Shahbadizadeh Javad Mehraban GhezelhesarStorytelling and narration are ways to better understand the environment around us and the world in general. That is, the human mind, with its literary power and narrative processing, regulates irrelevant and meaningless data. The study of a story based on its construct MoreStorytelling and narration are ways to better understand the environment around us and the world in general. That is, the human mind, with its literary power and narrative processing, regulates irrelevant and meaningless data. The study of a story based on its construction is a linguistic study and is both descriptive and an explanation of the literary construction and narrative sham. The purpose of this collection is to study the construction of the story - especially its theme-based on its linguistic features, i.e., narrative opening. From the mysterious world of One Thousand and One Nights, the most impressive themes were selected, and then the opening was described in the selected themes. Needless to say, choosing these themes does not mean that there is no other theme; But also, the choice of themes under the headings of love, crime, sightseeing, story Illusions, and wisdom are evident in most of the stories of One Thousand and One Nights. Rather, a story can have several different themes. In the author's view, the theme was more colorful, selected, and elaborate. Manuscript profile -
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132 - The Effect of Story Mapping on Writing Performance of Iranian EFL Learners
Omid Tabatabaei Nafise Radi -
Open Access Article
133 - Explaining Organizational culture in sport
ali hajiani Fateme Hamidi Far abbas khorshidi amirhossein mahmoodiThe concept of organizational culture is formed in common and everyday language in sport, as concepts that strengthen the organizational problems of joint management. Sports organizations and coaches, athletes and their members are promising subjects for studying organi MoreThe concept of organizational culture is formed in common and everyday language in sport, as concepts that strengthen the organizational problems of joint management. Sports organizations and coaches, athletes and their members are promising subjects for studying organizational culture; Therefore, the purpose of this article was to review the narrative of organizational culture in sports; So, the purpose of this article was to review the narrative of organizational culture in sports. The selection of research paradigms, methods, interests, perspectives and definitions, and operationalization of organizational culture used in 38 studies were investigated. This issue highlights the diversity of studied ways of culture in sports and the wide range of interests investigated in this research, including informing the development of athletes, the relationship between the power of culture and organizational performance, and understanding the driving forces of organizational diversity. Contrary to the broader organizational culture literature, in sports it is preferred to assume culture as a variable to be manipulated within an organization. The opportunity to expand the approaches to studying organizational culture in sports is discussed, such as expanding the methods used to conduct studies, including coaches and athletes in the study people and using the perspective of dispersion, where ambiguity and conflict are considered in the understanding of culture. Keywords: Organizational Culture, Sport, Narrative review, Coaching, Management. Manuscript profile -
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134 - Herodotus’ Historiography and narrative of salamis
Narges shahnazari Aliasghar Mirzaei feizollah boushas gousheh,The Battle of Salamis took place in 480, near Athens, between the Persians and the Greeks and permanently blocked the Persian’ advance westward. Herodotus' account of this battle has caused much controversy. This article intends to analyze Herodotus' account of th MoreThe Battle of Salamis took place in 480, near Athens, between the Persians and the Greeks and permanently blocked the Persian’ advance westward. Herodotus' account of this battle has caused much controversy. This article intends to analyze Herodotus' account of the Battle of Salamis using the method of narrative analysis? The findings of this study show that Herodotus, the most important narrator of this battle, has made the Salamis a catastrophic defeat among the Persian’s defeats. To convey the message to its addressees that the Persians had been claiming to occupy Greece since entering Asia Minor, and that only the victories of the Greeks in Marathon, Salamis, and Plataea had blocked their advance forever. In his account of the Battle of Salamis, he refrains from addressing the principle of battle, instead focusing on reporting issues before and after the war. From Herodotus’ point of view, Salamis was the end point of the Persian Wars, which was rooted in the defeat the Marathon, and the defeat of Xerxes brought freedom and liberation from slavery to the Greeks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Different methods of dialogue in the local and folk poetic cycles of Savadkouh with an emphasis of Hojabr Sultan
aref kamarposhtiDialogue is one the most essential contributing factors in the formation of plays and stories by which the real character and personality of the heroes can be revealed. Dialogue indicates a step above and a transition from selfishness, one-sidedness, and cautiousness. I MoreDialogue is one the most essential contributing factors in the formation of plays and stories by which the real character and personality of the heroes can be revealed. Dialogue indicates a step above and a transition from selfishness, one-sidedness, and cautiousness. It denotes understanding and realization of the presence of the other, tolerance and forbearance, simplicity, and lastly liberty and democracy. Dialogue is based on participation and understanding of the other. Hojabr sultan couplet narrative, an epic-couplet narrative poem that leads to tragedy, is a biography of Asadullah Khan Bavand known as Hojabr Soltan , the youngest son of Ismail Khan Bavand Savadku’i known as Amir Mu’ayyad . This Persian-Mazandarani couplet exhibits the verse -refrain structure. The popular literature (accent, saturation, musical instrument and general singer) has been composed by omitted or short lilt based on prosody rules. . This study tries to investigate different methods of dialogue employed in the narrative of Hojabr Sultan and other common poetic cycles of Savadkouh, through a descriptive-analytical approach. Accordingly, those dialogues integrated with bluster, rhetoric, punishment, deterring, pride, bragged to others as well as contemplating others, have been guided in this narrative couplet. This couplet narrative poem seems to be the unique one among other Persian-Mazandarani couplets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - “Amir and Gohar” in the field of Mazandaran native literature researches
Aref Kamarposhti Maryam SoleymanpourAmir Pazvari is the most famous native poet of Mazandarani dialect, whose poems have been the subject of research by popular literature enthusiasts and researchers. A poem called "Amir and Gohar" has attracted attention among the romantic poems of native Mazandaran lite MoreAmir Pazvari is the most famous native poet of Mazandarani dialect, whose poems have been the subject of research by popular literature enthusiasts and researchers. A poem called "Amir and Gohar" has attracted attention among the romantic poems of native Mazandaran literature with the publication of Amirs and poems attributed to him under the name "Divan Amir Pazvari" in the last decade. Therefore, this essay aims to discuss Amir and Gohar according to the characteristics of romantic poems. Criticism and analysis of research shows that the legend of Amir's meeting with Imam Ali (A.S.) is the foundation of the poem named Amir and Gohar. Amir and Gohar are among the legendary characters; But the events revolve around the meeting with Imam Ali (A.S.) and do not indicate the course of the story and romantic events.In fact, there is only one legend about Amir and Gohar, and contrary to the expectations of researchers and lovers of popular literature, there is no poem with this name in Mazandaran. From the verses and couplets attributed to Amir Pazvari by describing feelings to "Gohar", only non-narrative poems can be imagined; Because, only a short section of Amir and Gohar's life is represented in the poems, and since there is no story and romantic history of Amir and Gohar, the story cannot be placed in the framework of romantic narratives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Descriptive, structural and contentual study of the girl of Julah’s legend
Asghar ShahbaziFolk tales are one of the genres of pulp fiction. In this regard, the legend of the girl Julah, is one of the legends of the people of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari in Persian a common speech in the village of Gishangan, which has not been recorded and analyzed with this na MoreFolk tales are one of the genres of pulp fiction. In this regard, the legend of the girl Julah, is one of the legends of the people of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari in Persian a common speech in the village of Gishangan, which has not been recorded and analyzed with this narration. In this article, the author introduces and reports the complete myth, and explores it from the perspective of the elements of the story and the myth. Finally, he examines it based on the morphological pattern of the stories (Propp's pattern). The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical (content analysis) and the method of data collection is field type. This myth is strong in terms of the elements of the story; Actions, like most myths, are external, varied, and different; The viewpoint is the third person singular and the narrator is the omniscient; Characters are varied, but often anonymous; Finally, the Chinese introduction, comlexing, apex, joining, and descent are briefly arranged. The ground for breaking the habit is strong in it. Coincidence and destiny are well visible, and one of its main themes is destiny. The dual confrontations are depicted in the form of the king and the poor, the wicked and the benevolent, the liar and the truthful. Events, while compact, like many legends, have independence, and the similarities of the themes in this myth occur in the form of the presence of Simorgh, demon, demon’s dream, turning to stone, disappearing, amazing medicine, and so on. This myth is also examined and characterized according to Propp's model, which often has its own functions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Reflecting the differences between rationalist and narrative approaches in the analysis of the idea of al-Badā’ Reading the Two Commentaries of al-Kulayni's kitab al-Kāfī in the Safavid Era
mohammadmahdi farahi Rouhollah Shahidi Mohammad Kazem Rahman SetayeshThinkers have taken different approaches to religious narratives and propositions. Since each approach has different effects and consequences, it is necessary to examine them and to identify their different consequences. The two main approaches in dealing with religious MoreThinkers have taken different approaches to religious narratives and propositions. Since each approach has different effects and consequences, it is necessary to examine them and to identify their different consequences. The two main approaches in dealing with religious narratives and propositions are the philosophical rationalist approach and the narrative approach. In this study, we want to use a comparative method to examine and implement Mulla Sadra’s approach as a representative of the school of philosophical rationalism and the Majlesi’s approach as the representative of the school of narrative about the concept of ‘Badā’’ in the book of Usul-e Kāfi. In this way, we want to gain a better understanding of each of these two approaches and to highlight their differences and distinctions. These two thinkers lived in the Safavid era, and their theoretical approaches indicate the intellectual confrontation between the two currents of rationalism and narrativeism in that period. The study hypothesis is that these two approaches differ in components such as how to explain religious teachings, how to expand the problem, how to be sure of expression or caution, and how to deal with confusing narratives. However, one can also see commonalities between the owners of the two approaches in confronting narratives; similarities such as avoiding the denial of narrations, relying on Ta’wil, and confronting narrations based on presuppositions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - The Categorization of Historical Narratives in Majma’ al-Bayān Commentary
majid maaref Seyyede Atefe Ghorashi alireza delafkar mohammadhadi aminnajiThe purpose of the study is examining the typology of Hadiths with the function of historiography in Majma' al-Bayan. The model used in this article is the Methodology-based Typology. Methodology-based Typology in the field of Qur'anic interpretation is a model that cla MoreThe purpose of the study is examining the typology of Hadiths with the function of historiography in Majma' al-Bayan. The model used in this article is the Methodology-based Typology. Methodology-based Typology in the field of Qur'anic interpretation is a model that classifies and analyzes three types of Hadith scholars’ approaches, i.e. relationalist, functionalist and structuralist. In this paper, this kind of typology has a descriptive-analytical approach to functional typology in Hadith. Accordingly, three categories of narration, including the narrations of the Sura-revelation- based, the narrations of the Sura-cause-based (the atmosphere of the revelation of Sura), and the narratives narrating the details of the tales (Qasas) and stories of the prophets and ancient tribes, are categorized and analyzed as the historiographical function of Hadith. The results of this study show that the narrative-revelation- based and most of the narrative-cause-based contain information about historical events or events that were important in the formation of post-Islamic history. Also narratives narrating details of the Qasas, include three hundred and eight narratives, which according to its historiographical function, can be categorized in nine different types. According to the findings of the study, it can be said that historiographical Hadiths are an essential prerequisite for explanation of Qur’anic verses and have an explanatory-interpretive role in the interpretation of history-bounded Qur'anic verses. Manuscript profile -
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140 - The Concept of Historicity and Its Role in the Issuance Causes of Conflicting Narratives
Behrooz Fadaei Rad Mohammad Nasehi Hosein Khoshdel MofradThe influence of historical conditions on the issuance of hadiths, throughout the history of the specialized use of hadiths, with titles such as reasons for issuing hadiths, authority for issuing hadiths, real and external cases, temporal and spatial requirements, has a MoreThe influence of historical conditions on the issuance of hadiths, throughout the history of the specialized use of hadiths, with titles such as reasons for issuing hadiths, authority for issuing hadiths, real and external cases, temporal and spatial requirements, has always been the focus of hadith scientists. However, despite the fact that one of the consequences of such an influence is the conflict in issuing hadiths; this topic has never been followed in a coherent way in hadith studies; and scholars of hadith sciences, when faced with the conflict of narratives, since they did not consider it to be authentic, they identified some causes as the causes of the conflict of narratives with the sole purpose of resolving the conflict. And although in the end they showed these causes completely, but they never investigated the root of their occurrence. Therefore, in this research, in addition to the practical explanation of the concept of historicity, its role in the causes of narratives conflict can be summarized in the four headings of rejection, perceptual conditions of the audience, and functional conditions of the audience; and it was found that the cause of these causes can be searched in the concept of history. Manuscript profile -
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141 - Determining the Origin of the Assimilation of Jesus and Mahdi with the Dating of Narratives
Ensieh al-Sadat Eskaf Nosrat Nil Saz Kazem Ghazi Zadeh Hosein Khandagh AbadiIn various religions, the concept of the Expected Savior has been ingrained as the culmination of the End times. According to Islamic sources and some non-Islamic references, the Prophet (pbuh) foretold the appearance of a Savior, although there are different perspectiv MoreIn various religions, the concept of the Expected Savior has been ingrained as the culmination of the End times. According to Islamic sources and some non-Islamic references, the Prophet (pbuh) foretold the appearance of a Savior, although there are different perspectives on his identity. Some claim that the anticipated Savior foretold by the Prophet (pbuh) would not arise from within the Islamic community, but rather the return of Jesus Christ was prophesied. However, over the course of a continuous transformation, Muslims marginalized Jesus and replaced him with the familiar designation of Mahdi. One of the documents supporting this perspective is the narrative of al-Mahdi is Jesus son of Mary. The article seeks to investigate the claim of attributing this narrative to the Prophet (pbuh), and through various methods of historical dating, including exploration of the oldest sources and textual-authenticity analysis, it has been established that this belief was introduced by Hasan al-Basri in Basra at the end of the 1st century Hijri, and later disseminated through ascetics, often with a background in Christianity or familiarity with it. In the 2nd century, it was attributed to the Prophet (pbuh) by Mohammad ibn Khalid al-Jundi for further credibility, and it spread in lands such as Iraq, Egypt, Sham, Hejaz, and Palestine. Manuscript profile -
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142 - The method of discovering Tadlis and its motives in Islamic narrative relations; Example: Darqotni's narration from Jea'bi
Mohammad Afi Khorasani Rouhollah ShahidiTadlis has been one of the significant phenomena in the process of transmitting hadiths, and not paying attention to it will damage the validity of hadith Sanads. This phenomenon is rooted in the history of hadith and many narrators at different levels have committed it MoreTadlis has been one of the significant phenomena in the process of transmitting hadiths, and not paying attention to it will damage the validity of hadith Sanads. This phenomenon is rooted in the history of hadith and many narrators at different levels have committed it. One of the important issues in studying this phenomenon is the method of discovering it in hadith Sanads as well as recognizing the motivations of narrators to do it. In this article, based on an objective example, this important issue has been addressed; This is an example of the Unusual names that Darqotni has used to name his master Muhammad ibn 'Umar Je'abi. A case-by-case analysis of each of these names first proved that they were all in fact refer to Ji'abi; Then the unusualness of these names about Ji'abi and, as a result, Darqotni's Tadlis in mentioning him was proved. In the end, various hypotheses were expressed in Darqotni's possible motives for the Tadlis, the most important of which was his suspicion of Ji'abi at the later period of his life, which may have been pretended not to narrate much from him by changing the method of naming Jiabi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Analysis the Reflection of Background Conditions in Compiling Shia Narrative Interpretations; A Case Study of Friday Prayer Problem
mahdi pichan NOSRAT Nilsaz forugh parsaIn a superficial view, it seems that the commentators in the narrative interpretations, without any struggling effort, have only collected narrations related to the words and expressions of the verses. Contrary to this idea, the evidence shows that the authors of narrat MoreIn a superficial view, it seems that the commentators in the narrative interpretations, without any struggling effort, have only collected narrations related to the words and expressions of the verses. Contrary to this idea, the evidence shows that the authors of narrative interpretations, like other commentators, have been influenced by the background conditions in order to discover the meaning of the verses and have started to select and arrange the narrations. What specifically distinguishes these interpretations in the issue of Friday prayer is the consideration of the conditions for the obligation of Friday prayer in the later interpretations of Ṣāfi and Nūr al-Thaqlain; this is not seen in the previous interpretations of critical argument. The reason for this difference in approach can be evaluated considering the simultaneity of the writing of later narrative commentaries with the emergence of the Safavid Shiite government. Belonging to Bahrani's interest in expressing the esoteric and ta’wīl aspects of the verses and Huwyzi's greater interest than Bahrāni and Fayz in planning jurisprudential debates in accordance with the verses are other factors influencing this distinction. Also, Sufi characteristics of Fayz's personality has caused him to not look at this issue solely from the point of view of a jurisprudential issue, which his statements in Zād al-Sālik's treatise and Olfat-Nāmeh are proof of this. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - The Geometric Structure of the Historical Verses of the Holy Qur'an
Mohammad hasan Ahmadi Historical verses have taken a considerable part of the verses of the Qur'an and, at the same time, have been left out of focus. What is the meaning of the historical verses, the extent of its distribution and frequency in the Qur'an, and what classification of th More Historical verses have taken a considerable part of the verses of the Qur'an and, at the same time, have been left out of focus. What is the meaning of the historical verses, the extent of its distribution and frequency in the Qur'an, and what classification of these verses can be presented and basically, what is the point of distinguishing these verses from other verses of the Qur'an? There are questions can be answered in this article. Hence we will devise a comprehensive overview of the Qur'anic historical verses to rely on a more comprehensive look at this section of the Qur'anic verses. The study of these verses will show that two approaches (minimal and maximal) could be proposed regarding to the historical verses. Based on this, we first examine the structure of the historical verses and then its features, and then we will explain the relationship between the historical verses with the Bible and, in this regard, we will present a new perspective and a new perspective on "Historical commentary" will also be raised. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Quranic and Hadithic Intertextuality in the 9th Ode of Adibol-Mamalek Farahani
hamidreza jadidiIntertextuality is a way of criticism in literary explains that no context is original and pure; but every context is a reflection of previous ones. Bakhtin, Julia Kristeva and Gérard Genette are great researchers who worked on interconnection between related wor MoreIntertextuality is a way of criticism in literary explains that no context is original and pure; but every context is a reflection of previous ones. Bakhtin, Julia Kristeva and Gérard Genette are great researchers who worked on interconnection between related works of literature. Genette divides intertextuality into three large categories: implicit or explicit; covert or overt; hidden or open. The Holy Quran is the most effective book to create Farsi texts and many poets were influenced by it and by Infallibles’ narratives. About ritual literature, obviously, the results should be clear in order to approach a deeper understanding of poems. Adib al-Mamalek Farahani, the remarkable poet of Constitutional Time, who was quietly familiar with Arabic literature, Quran and Infallibles’ narratives, used these sources especially in his political and social poets. He had poetical picture of Quranic contents sometimes; and offered new examples of misreading. In this article, by analytical-descriptive method and by looking at Gérard Genette’s criticism method, writer tried to summarily express rhymes of Adib al-Mamalek’s ninth ode, inspired by Intertextuality. These rhymes show his complete ability to comprehend Quran’s characters and words, and Infallibles’ narratives; mostly gained explicit way for better stimulus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Evaluating the Relevance of the Idiomatic Concept of Imamate in the Verse of Ibrahim's Test Based on Shia Narratives
kazem ostadi Historically, the most important issue discussed by Muslims after the Prophet (pbuh) is the issue of Imamate, and thinkers have cited theological, historical and verses of the Holy Qur'an to prove the issue of Imamate and succession of the Prophet ( More Historically, the most important issue discussed by Muslims after the Prophet (pbuh) is the issue of Imamate, and thinkers have cited theological, historical and verses of the Holy Qur'an to prove the issue of Imamate and succession of the Prophet (pbuh), one of the most important of these verses is the verse of the test of Prophet Ibrahim (as) or the verse of Imamate. On the other hand, two methods can be followed to investigate the Imamate issue: 1- Explaining the concept of imamate by means of Quranic verses with previous coordinates in the beginning of Islam. 2- Explaining the concept of imamate by means of Quranic verses with coordinates and concepts created later and new. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the status of references to the verse of Ibrahim's test for the issue of Imamate in the narratives of Imamiyyah. In the upcoming research, hadiths about the test verse of Ibrahim have been discussed, according to these questions: "1- Regarding the verse of Ibrahim's test, how many narratives of the infallible Imams (as) are mentioned in hadith and narrative sources? 2- What is the status of their textual content and the similarity and repetition of narrations about the verse of Ibrahim's test? 3- Are the narratives about Ibrahim's test related to the issue of imamate in today's common sense and do they support this issue? Finally, it became clear that there are few hadiths about verse 124 of Baqarah, of course, most of them (except for a few cases that are doubtful) do not mention the issue of public imamate, especially for us contemporary Shiites; and in a way, the narratives are interpretations with a separate subject from the principle of Imamate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - A New Approach to the Evidence of Rijaʿt (Return) with Emphasis on Its Role in Raising Hope
roya jahandoost diz mohsen ahteshaminya majid maarefRijaʿt, which means returning to the world again, is one of the points of disagreement between Shiites and Sunnis. Of course, the issue of return is not a completely Mahdavi issue, and before and more than it is a Mahdavi issue, it is a theological issue on which Shia a MoreRijaʿt, which means returning to the world again, is one of the points of disagreement between Shiites and Sunnis. Of course, the issue of return is not a completely Mahdavi issue, and before and more than it is a Mahdavi issue, it is a theological issue on which Shia and Sunni scholars have conflicting views. There are strong Qur'anic evidences for the occurrence of this truth in the history of Judaism and Christianity, and the famous and correct narratives of the repetition of all the traditions and events of these two nations among the Muslims, opens the door to this truth to the Islamic society and Muslims as well. There are undeniable evidences in the hadiths of Ahl al-Sunnah about the occurrence of Return (Rijaʿt) in the end of time. By proving this fact, it becomes clear that there is an important purpose of its placement in the management system of Allah Almighty. The role of Rijaʿt in creating hope and increasing hope in the faith community in three parts: Hoping as much as possible for life, trying as much as possible to live more faithfully, and trying as much as possible to create the ground for the reappearance, tells a little about the place of Rijaʿt in the management system of Allah Almighty and the intellectual system of Ahl al-Bayt (as). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Representation of urban social space in contemporary Iranian fiction
majid zamani dehaghani سعید معدنی شاپور بهیان hossin aghajaniThe following research aims to answer the question that how the Iranian narrative literature author has defined the elements and characters in illustrating the transformations of urban-social environment. In other words, considering the definitions of significant and cr MoreThe following research aims to answer the question that how the Iranian narrative literature author has defined the elements and characters in illustrating the transformations of urban-social environment. In other words, considering the definitions of significant and crucial concepts in Herbert Blumer’s naturalistic research procedure, it is a matter of question that whether the environments reflected in narrative literature of contemporary Iran come from a dialectical process between the real elements of the society and the author's mind or from the fixed and frozen definitions that exist in political and social negotiations which is dominant in public and intellectual environment of the society. The population of interest is the anthology of short stories and written novels in contemporary Iranian literature (that is, the years between 1911 to 1979). The sample size contains 3 authors and 8 literary works that have been chosen based on the ideas of 27 experts utilizing Delphi Method. The procedure utilized in the following research is "dialectic objectivism". By applying the ideas of Georg Simmel, Henry Lefebvre and Lucien Goldman, an analytical-dialectical frame was achieved that was consistent with George Gurvitch’s fifth kind of dialectic named "dialectic of the prospects or the contrast of the manifests" (Mutual implication). On that basis it is possible to achieve a mutual relationship between that element and other elements by assessing every element of the social system. Applying the mentioned analytical frame, it would be possible to put the data obtained from the research and also communicational data of the elements beside each other and create a social information system (SIS). Through SIS, overall analysis of the society could be achieved. It was found that none of the chosen authors could be merely called dialectical or vice versa, since each one of their works could have a different structure depending on their social position and the time of writing the work and on the author's social and individual conditions and the type and length of the story. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - The Time Factor in the Novel "Wandering Island"
shamsolhajiyeh ardalaniNarration is about studying different methods of writing and analysis of literature. Because of Daneshvar’s in-depth knowledge of narration,showing aspects of her narrative style was the purpose of the present study. Time in "Wandering Island", based on extracted MoreNarration is about studying different methods of writing and analysis of literature. Because of Daneshvar’s in-depth knowledge of narration,showing aspects of her narrative style was the purpose of the present study. Time in "Wandering Island", based on extracted indications, has been assessed with analytical and descriptive methods to realize and understanding the bottom layers of the "Wandering Island" novel. Among kinds of narration, time factor in "wandering island" is the primary factor and different layers of timing are joined together that creates complexity of narration. The dominant aspect (dimension) of narration in this novel is a flashback technique, and sometimes forward orientationform of predicting the events to increase the suspension function and attract addresser of the narration in the novel. In "wandering Island" there are many kinds of time that are mixed together. First of them is referred to the main events of the novel. The events at this time consist of ten months.Daneshvar represented the purpose and concept of her thought with those historical events. The singular frequency constitutes the dominant aspect of the narration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Review of the book I am alive from the perspective of structuralism
Kowsar Danesh Abdolhoseyn Farzad Ahmad Khatami The collection of my memoirs, I am alive, is a completely feminine work with emotional, meaningful, meaningful and healthy prose. The book has a respectful tone, rhythm, smooth ex More The collection of my memoirs, I am alive, is a completely feminine work with emotional, meaningful, meaningful and healthy prose. The book has a respectful tone, rhythm, smooth expression, clear sentences, clarity of language and an attractive and readable finish. The extensive use of verbal and spiritual arrays, original sensations, appropriate hints and assurances, good suspension, observance of similes and eloquent expressions, have made the book readable and pleasant. The present research has investigated this precious work by descriptive-analytical method and from the perspective of structuralism. . "I am alive" is the starting point of the female narrative in the works of captivity and it is derived from the model of patience and perseverance of Hazrat Zainab (PBUH). The language and prose of the story combined with other elements such as plot, time, accurate and calculated characterization, suspense and expectation, all express the author's skill in story writing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Narrative mechanism in Leyli and Madman based on the narrative pattern of Grimas
Farideh Tahmasbi Sargholi Omidvar Malmoli Sayyed Ali SohrabnejadLeyli and Majnoon are among Ganjavi's nizami poems that have had a great impact on the storytelling of Persian literature and have been imitated many times. In this research, using analytical descriptive method, Ganjavi's nizami narrative models in Leyli and Majnoon's n MoreLeyli and Majnoon are among Ganjavi's nizami poems that have had a great impact on the storytelling of Persian literature and have been imitated many times. In this research, using analytical descriptive method, Ganjavi's nizami narrative models in Leyli and Majnoon's narration have been studied. The results show that the main confrontation in this work is the confrontation that arose from the society of the age, a confrontation that is rooted in ethnic nervousness. The actions of the actors in this story are also significant based on this confrontation. Madman is a dynamic character who changes and transforms, but Leyli has a static personality. The protagonist of the story is insane, and those around him also play a supporting role. The main deterrent to this story is Leyli's father, and the value object is love, and for this reason the story has found a mystical color and smell. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - The style of Rabi'a narrations in Attar's works
Zahra Sadat Taheri GhalenoThe fundamental questions of the research are: a) The stylistic-narrative components are explained based on which stylistic mechanisms of the narrative? and b) How do these components appear in narrative discourse? The results of the research showed that by analyzing th MoreThe fundamental questions of the research are: a) The stylistic-narrative components are explained based on which stylistic mechanisms of the narrative? and b) How do these components appear in narrative discourse? The results of the research showed that by analyzing the processes, the level of participation of the characters in the story is determined. The point of view in some stories is the third person of the reflector, in some the third person of the narrator, and in the story of "Intention to make the Kaaba of Rabia" the third person is the reflector-narrator. Descriptive suspense and delay are visible, for example in expressing the hardships of the Hajj journey and Rabia's fear of worldly possessions and self-deception.sometimes a mystic who teaches others and sometimes a seeker who learns by himself. The relations between actors or participants of the discourse are formed as an unequal, formal, public and equal relationship Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Examining and Critic of the narrative element of suspension in three novels by Fariba Wafi (My bird, the dream of Tibet and Tarlan)
Mohammad Isazadeh Hajiagha Arash Moshfeghi Aziz Hojaji KohjooghThe Suspense in the story is a quality that the author creates for the events that are taking place in the story to create passion and motivation in the reader to read the story. The present article tries to examine this element of story in a descriptive-analytical way MoreThe Suspense in the story is a quality that the author creates for the events that are taking place in the story to create passion and motivation in the reader to read the story. The present article tries to examine this element of story in a descriptive-analytical way in three novels by this author (namely, My Bird, the Dream of Tibet and Tarlan). These novels do not have a strong suspense element and the reason for this is the author's greater attention to characterization and representation of the identity of fictional characters. This does not mean that this element is missing in the mentioned novels. Rather, the author uses some tools to create this element and compensate for its weakness, one of which is the inclusion of parallel narratives throughout the novel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - Postmodernist critique of the novel "Pasti" by "Mohammad Reza Kateb"
Faghiheh Deghan Reza Sadeghi Shahpar In recent years, the use of techniques and components of postmodern fiction has been one of the most important challenges for Iranian storytellers. In the present study, the novel More In recent years, the use of techniques and components of postmodern fiction has been one of the most important challenges for Iranian storytellers. In the present study, the novel "Postal" by "Mohammad Reza Kateb" has been studied descriptively-analytically from the perspective of postmodernism. The narratives of the novel are the biographies of the characters in different forms and times. The contradiction throughout the novel stems in part from this point. Irregularity, incoherence and order of narrative, uncertainty, characterization, multiplicity of narrative, fluid flow of mind, fluidity of time and place, contradiction, endless story and fusion of writing style are some of the postmodernist components of the novel. Is postal. Given the postmodern features reflected in the postal novel, it can be considered postmodern. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - Survey of Narrative Elements in 'Chahar Chaman" Poem
Nima Ramezani Ahmad Ghanipour malekshah Bahije sadat TeimuriMany of the great Persian poems have powerful narrative structure and they transfer ideas and concepts from the language of different real or symbolic characters. One poem that is categorized in this field is Chahar Chaman, a poem by Shahdaie Shirzi. This article MoreMany of the great Persian poems have powerful narrative structure and they transfer ideas and concepts from the language of different real or symbolic characters. One poem that is categorized in this field is Chahar Chaman, a poem by Shahdaie Shirzi. This article aims at answering the question that what kind of belief and thought are each of the symbolic characters going to present? And how does Shahdaie exploit narrative elements for the progress of meta-thoughts? This article, which is the opening-way in recognizing Chahar Chaman poem, investigates the narrative structure of this unknown poem by analyzing its character, point of view, and scenery, and tries to survey the reason of utilizing plants and flowers in relation to its subject. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - Modern narrative techniques in the cheetah story series that ran with me
homa hooshyar reza sadeghi shahpar ghahreman shiriOne of the keys to unraveling the complexities and understanding or obscuring of modern stories is to understand the narrative style and storytelling techniques. Each story generates unique questions and answers associated with narrative practices. Choosing and Creating MoreOne of the keys to unraveling the complexities and understanding or obscuring of modern stories is to understand the narrative style and storytelling techniques. Each story generates unique questions and answers associated with narrative practices. Choosing and Creating the Narrative Style opens up to the author among the old or recurring concepts and themes of the narrative - a new world. Bijan Najdi is one of the contemporary modernist storytellers who has special techniques in storytelling, and these particular techniques distinguish his stories from those of other contemporary storytellers. In the present article, Bijan Najdi's collection of cheetahs that ran with me is examined from the perspective of modern narrative techniques. The research results show that he used modern narrative techniques such as: narrative narrative, plural narrative, and delirious narrative, use of cinematic techniques, angle of view rotation, and so on. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - Narrative, a teaching tools in Golestan: A Narrative Approach to the First Chapter of Golestan
Mohammad Hakim Azar Fakhredin Saidi Mazaher NikkhahNarrative lies in the nature of literary works and acts as a promoter element in explaining the literary and artistic role of any literary work. The more storied a work, the more powerful the narrative. Golestan of Sa'di is a didactic work that has a storied nature, and MoreNarrative lies in the nature of literary works and acts as a promoter element in explaining the literary and artistic role of any literary work. The more storied a work, the more powerful the narrative. Golestan of Sa'di is a didactic work that has a storied nature, and therefore, narrative and narrative techniques are influential and effective in it. This essay aims to explain the impact of narrative on educational and ethical concepts in Golestan, with an emphasis on famous structuralists such as Tulane, Ghent, and Barth, and uses their main theoretical principles in recognizing Golestan's structure. This research studies the role of the theme in enhancing the quality and diversity of the structure of actions and narrative events in Golestan's first chapter. This article also suggests that Sa'di, in terms of literary comprehension, has been able to establish Golestan's stories based on principles, roots, and practices that, for centuries later, will be the basis of modern writings of fiction and short stories. Sa'di's beliefs system is based on recognizing his own existence and inducing it through the analogy to the audience; therefore, the dominant discourse on the tales is a didactic discourse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - A Study of the Fables of the First Chapter of Kelile o Demne Based on Grimas’s Narrative Paradigm
MohammadReza Haji AqaBabayiGrimas’s narrative theory is one of the most important theories of narrative which have been presented based on the bilateral contrasts of the text. Although his theory is Applicable in some areas of Persian literary texts, in some parts we observe incompatibiliti MoreGrimas’s narrative theory is one of the most important theories of narrative which have been presented based on the bilateral contrasts of the text. Although his theory is Applicable in some areas of Persian literary texts, in some parts we observe incompatibilities. In this paper, we examine the fables of the first chapter of Kelile o Demne based on Grimas’s narrative theory. In this study, we conclude that Grimas narrative theory is not applicable to all of the fables of Kelile o Demne. The components of Grimas’s theory have been synthesized in these fables. This is in contrast with Grimas’s narrative pattern, though it can be related to didacticism of Kelile o Demne in which the focus is on the content of their words not the structure. Although applying various literary theories in narrative area could lead us to a better understanding of the literary texts, due to the special features of Iranian fables, either an aboriginal paradigm or a change in the fables is required for investigation of narrative structures of these texts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - Narrative patterns in didactic stories
علیرضا محمدی کله سرThe study of structure of literary texts can show us the methods of creating concepts in those texts. One of the important genres in the Persian narrative literature is didactic stories. The most important duty of this type of literature is the transformation of moral m MoreThe study of structure of literary texts can show us the methods of creating concepts in those texts. One of the important genres in the Persian narrative literature is didactic stories. The most important duty of this type of literature is the transformation of moral meanings to readers. The authors of didactic texts employ stories relating to structures accommodated their teleological aims. This paper has introduced and investigated the structure and narrative patterns in the Persian didactic stories. Two types of narrative patterns have a basic function in the story interpretations are as following: Firstly, the pattern of the actor’s obedience to the law and its award and secondly, the pattern of the actor’s refusing to law and its punishment. These patterns are deep structures in most of the didactic stories as well as a direction of interpretation of these stories. Therefore, the narrator’s interpretation is constructed on a linear story telling form which is congruous with one of these patterns. Considering the results of structural researches, this article aims at presenting the dominant patterns in perception of didactic stories. In this article we have investigated the function of these patterns on the plot development, narrative techniques and dominance of the conative function. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Underlying Constructs of Farmers’ Perceptions towards Bt Cotton Among Former Cotton Farmers in Northern Ghana: Empirical Application of Q Methodology
Hudu Zakaria -
Open Access Article
161 - Sociological Analyze Identification of indicators for developing a peraon’s career vision in the Society
ahsan mashcate akbar Etebaryan hamid DawazdehemamiThe purpose of this research was designing a model to identify a person’s vision for choosing a career path. The research method was mixed in the form of qualitative (content analysis) and quantitative (Delphi). The community studied in the qualitative phase was related MoreThe purpose of this research was designing a model to identify a person’s vision for choosing a career path. The research method was mixed in the form of qualitative (content analysis) and quantitative (Delphi). The community studied in the qualitative phase was related books and articles and overall of 35 papers and books were reviewed and content analysis. In the quantitative phase, 12 experts from 16 selected participated in the research and the model was evaluated by them. In qualitative section, extracting concepts and determining the categories was used to analysis and in quantitative section, the Lavoshe ratio was used to evaluate the indices, components and dimensions. Finally, 246 categories of issues related to the career prospect were extracted by removing and integrating categories with the same themes and the key indicators were reduced into 37 items. These indicators were classified into 3 Dimensions: story plot, story theme, desirable futuer and 13 main components including strengths, missions, successes and failures, personality arches, Primitive memories, draft, myths and metaphors, environmental interests, time perspective, rational thinking, peripheral and systemic prospects, desirable worlds and possible scenarios. After performing a quantitative phase through the Delphi method and calculating the Lauvash coefficient, the two components of the initial memories and the draft were eliminated due to obtaining a lower coefficient of 0.56 And the remaining 3 dimensions and 11 components and 32 indicators were approved and finalized. The results of this research include theoretical and applied achievements for human resource managers of organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - بررسی تأثیر در بلای کبوترها اثر لوئیز اردریک
Ladan Mokhtarzadeh Zahra Jannessari Ladani Negar Sharifمطالعه حاضر به بررسی تجربیات عاطفی شخصیتها در رمان بلای کبوترها اثر لوئیز اردریک در پرتو مفاهیم مورد نظر پاتریک کوم هوگان از باب تأثیر در روایتشناسی عاطفه میپردازد. این مقاله بر آن است تا مفاهیم عاطفه، روایت عاطفه، روابط دلبستگی، جغرافیای عاطفه و تاریخ عاطفه را در رم Moreمطالعه حاضر به بررسی تجربیات عاطفی شخصیتها در رمان بلای کبوترها اثر لوئیز اردریک در پرتو مفاهیم مورد نظر پاتریک کوم هوگان از باب تأثیر در روایتشناسی عاطفه میپردازد. این مقاله بر آن است تا مفاهیم عاطفه، روایت عاطفه، روابط دلبستگی، جغرافیای عاطفه و تاریخ عاطفه را در رمان اردریک ردیابی کند تا چگونگی ارتباط عواطف و روابط را در روایت جغرافیا، تاریخ، و به ویژه در آنچه که بر روایت و موضوعات داستان تأثیر میگذارد، بررسی کند. مقاله حاضر به طور خاص نشان میدهد که چگونه رمان نامبرده اردریک به عنوان نمونهای برای مطالعه تأثیر و روایت عاطفه عمل میکند که در آن تاریخ و جغرافیای بومیان آمریکای آجیبوا را که به دلیل عوامل اجتماعی و هستیشناختی به خوبی فاش نشده است، به تصویر میکشاند. بنابراین، این مطالعه به بررسی پارادایمهای هستیشناختی و معرفتشناختی در زندگی و تاریخ بومیان آمریکا میپردازد که توسط بازماندگان آجیبوا تجربه شده است. به علاوه، این مقاله استدلال میکند که چگونه عاطفهشناسی بر روی شخصیتهای اقلیت تاثیرگذار است و چگونه مفهوم عاطفه از نظر هوگان در رمان اردریک قابل ردیابی است. در رمان بلای کبوترها، بازماندگان آسیبدیده با خاطرات عاطفی در زمان حال خود تسخیر شدهاند. در نتیجه، شخصیتها به طور مداوم از زمان حال به گذشته در رفت و آمد هستند. بدین ترتیب، زمان، خطی بودن خود را در روایت از دست میدهد. Manuscript profile -
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163 - The Intertextuality in an English as a Foreign Language Textbook: An Analytical Study of Interchange Fourth Edition
Hani Mansooji Ahmad Mohseni -
Open Access Article
164 - زنجیره لیوتاری ارتباط در رمان خبر مارتین امیس
Ali Jamali Nesari Shahram Walidi Hiwa Weisiزنجیرۀ ارتباط در سپهر فلسفی لیوتار، دارای نقشی محوری و بسیار مهم است و با مفاهیمی همچون پسامدرنیسم و کلان روایت­ها درآمیخته است. زنجیرۀ ارتباط، امری است که در جوهرۀ مفاهیم لیوتاری همچون عدالت و سیاست و آزادی و قدرت جا خوش کرده و بدون آن چنین مفاهیمی نمی­توانستند Moreزنجیرۀ ارتباط در سپهر فلسفی لیوتار، دارای نقشی محوری و بسیار مهم است و با مفاهیمی همچون پسامدرنیسم و کلان روایت­ها درآمیخته است. زنجیرۀ ارتباط، امری است که در جوهرۀ مفاهیم لیوتاری همچون عدالت و سیاست و آزادی و قدرت جا خوش کرده و بدون آن چنین مفاهیمی نمی­توانستند وجود داشته باشند. چگونگی تعامل با این مفهوم و به ویژه برخورد خلاقانه با آن می­تواند دگرگونی­های بنیادینی را موجب شود چرا که به منزلۀ فضایی عمل می­کند که گلاویزی و مقاومت و شکست و پیروزی در آن فضا صورت می­پذیرد. مارتین امیس که نویسنده­ای پسامدرن به شمار می­آید، عبارات را خلاقانه برمی­گزیند و آنها را در زنجیره­ای به هم پیوند می­دهد که هم در سطح خُرد و هم در سطح کلان پیامدهایی به دنبال می­آورد. در این تحقیق کتابخانه­ای، گزیده­های از رمان خبر نوشته امیس مورد بررسی قرار می­گیرند تا روشن شود که وی در برخورد با این مفهوم لیوتاری، چه شیوه­ای در پیش گرفته و گزینش­های خلاقانه او چه پیامدهایی به دنبال دارد به ویژه آنجا که پای گلاویزی و روابط قدرت در سطحی خُرد و پای ابرروایت­ها در سطحی کلان به میان می­آید. به این ترتیب، شیوه­ای که امیس در آفرینش عبارات و پیوند آنها به یکدیگر برمی­گزیند، به عنوان مثال، آن­گونه که در رمان خبر مردان ساکن شهرها و گریه شبانه آنها را به عکاسی و نویسندگی و نقد ادبی و مسافرت هوایی می­پیوندد، در سطحی خرد ریچارد تال را به گنج بی­مقداری و انزوا و فراموشی می­راند در حالی­که بری گواین را به ناحق به اوج شهرت و محبوبیت و رفاه و تنعم برمی­کشد و در سطحی کلان، در زنجیره­ای پیوسته، با ابرروایت­هایی همچون سرمایه­داری، مارکسیسم و فمنیسم گلاویز می­شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - MEMRI’s Narrative of Iran in the Context of Current US-Iran Tensions
Kaveh Bolouri Mazdak Bolouri -
Open Access Article
166 - روایی و هویت سازی: ازمنظر تحلیل چهارچوب (نگاهی بر ترجمه مفاهیم شرق شناسی و هویت ادوارد سعید در دهه 90 در ایران با تاکید بر پیرامتن)
Anahita Amirshojai Hussein Mollanazarبرداشت هرفرد از واقعیت متفاوت است و مترجم در مقام کنشگر اجتماعی از این امر مستثنی نمیباشد. واقعیتسازی به نوعی با هویتسازی در ارتباط است. در تمایز میان تفکر روایی و گفتمان روایی، پرسش اصلی این است: روایت چگونه به عنوان ابزار ذهنی در ساخت واقعیت و به تبع آن هویت عمل می Moreبرداشت هرفرد از واقعیت متفاوت است و مترجم در مقام کنشگر اجتماعی از این امر مستثنی نمیباشد. واقعیتسازی به نوعی با هویتسازی در ارتباط است. در تمایز میان تفکر روایی و گفتمان روایی، پرسش اصلی این است: روایت چگونه به عنوان ابزار ذهنی در ساخت واقعیت و به تبع آن هویت عمل میکند. همانند بحث زبان-اندیشه، پرداختن به گفتمان روایی و تفکر روایی آسان نیست، زیرا واقعیت در ذهن، به چارچوب زمانی- مکانی فرهنگ مورد نظر بستگی دارد. این پژوهش بینارشتهای برآن است براساس تحلیل چهارچوب نشان دهد چگونه جامعه به مثابه چهارچوب فرهنگی، مترجم یا سایر عاملان را به بازروایت متن و ساخت هویت نویسنده وا میدارد، و چرا این هویتسازی در پیرامتن بارزتر خواهد بود. پس از پرداختن به مفاهیم هویت روایی، دیگری سازی، و تحلیل چهارچوب جهت تبیین ماهیت ناهمگن پیرامتن در تبیین کنش عاملان در ترجمه، به تحلیل پیرامتن (مقدمه مترجم و نویسنده: ترجمه شرق شناسی ادوارد سعید) میپردازد تا نشان دهد در دهه 90 در ایران مفاهیم شرق شناسی چگونه معرفی و هویت نویسنده چگونه شکل گرفته و نقش ساختار و عاملیت چه بوده است. در راستای عینیت بخشی به این چهارچوب فلسفی، مدلی ترکیبی برگرفته از مولفههای روایی سومرز (هویت روایی ریکور) و چهارچوب گافمن پیشنهاد می دهد که با سه مولفه هویتسازی در ترجمه نمود مییابد. درنهایت اذعان میدارد پیرامتن نوعی فراگفتمان ترجمهای است که در هویتسازی، و نمایان ساختن هنجارهای جامعه یا عاملیت مترجم کارآمد میباشد و هویتها از طریق باز روایی در پیرامتن و تاسی از دوگانگی ساختار/کارگزار پدید می آیند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - Using Concept Mapping and Mind Mapping in Descriptive and Narrative Writing Classes
Hamid Marashi Mitra Kangani -
Open Access Article
168 - مسایل دانشجویان رشته مهندسی دانشگاه های آزاد استان مازنداران در درس انگلیسی برای اهداف ویژه
Maryam Roodbari Amir مرزبان Seyed Hassan Talebi Ahmad Mohseni چکیده: با بهره گیری از تکنیک مشاهده و مصاحبه نیمه ساختارمند، هدف تحقیق حاضر یافتن مشکلات و مسائل دانشجویان رشته مهندسی دردانشگاههای آزاد استان مازندران در مورد درس انگلیسی برای اهداف ویژه از نقطه نظر 64 دانشجو و 32 مدرس این درسها بود. شرکت کنندگان به روش More چکیده: با بهره گیری از تکنیک مشاهده و مصاحبه نیمه ساختارمند، هدف تحقیق حاضر یافتن مشکلات و مسائل دانشجویان رشته مهندسی دردانشگاههای آزاد استان مازندران در مورد درس انگلیسی برای اهداف ویژه از نقطه نظر 64 دانشجو و 32 مدرس این درسها بود. شرکت کنندگان به روش نمونه گیری ساده انتخاب شدند. تکنیک مورد استفاده برای مشاهده، گزارش روایی خلاصه بود که شامل نقطه نظر جامع از رویدادهای موجود در گزارش بود. نتایج بدست آمده حاکی از این است که مسائل گوناگونی در کلاسهای انگلیسی برای اهداف ویژه وجود دارد که بطور اعم با شش مقوله مرتبط است: محیط آکادمیک، مدرسین و دانشجویان درس انگلیسی برای اهداف ویژه، مواد درسی موجود برای تدریس درس انگلیسی برای اهداف ویژه، و روشهای تدریس و همچنین روشهای سنجش و ارزیابی درس انگلیسی برای اهداف ویژه. امید می رود نتایج تحقیق حاضر بینشی روشن در مورد مسائل مربوط به درس انگلیسی برای اهداف ویژه به مدرسین این درس داده و انگیزهای به مولفین کتابهای مرتبط با این درس و همچنین سازمان مرکزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی در مورد بازبینی و رفع این مشکلات برای ارتقای کیفیت درس مذکور در رشتههای مهندسی بدهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - Techniques of Contraction and Expansion of Narration in Masnavi Manavi (The Case Study: Daquqi Story)
mehrdad Akbari Gandomani Mahdireza Kamali BaniyaniThe analysis of narrative functions is one of the most important methods of understanding a story. Series of events that occur naturally or unnaturally in a story lay the foundations of it. The course of events in many stories is a transition from one state to another o MoreThe analysis of narrative functions is one of the most important methods of understanding a story. Series of events that occur naturally or unnaturally in a story lay the foundations of it. The course of events in many stories is a transition from one state to another one and then returning to the previous situation. Accordingly, anything that keeps suspended the reader at the end of the story, leads to narrative contraction, and anything that causes to openness and continuation of the story, leads to narrative expansion. Since Masnavi Manavi has a nested structure and uses the style of” story-in-story”, it is one of the most notable samples of this technique’s application. In this paper, the story of Daquqi (in the third book of Masnavi) is analyzed. It seems that MulānāJalāl-al Din Rumī, is influenced by internal factors and his own education, has created a kind of allegorical narration; and from the beginning of the story and with regards to the mystical space, the method of story-in-story and etc., he has made his narration a place for successive association of ideas and images. The created narrative contractions and expansions in the story lead to suspensions that creating the enthusiasm of readers for reaching to the end of the story as an obvious result of it. After considering the method of fiction in Masnavi, and explaining the association and its important indices, the present research attempts to divide all verses into three stages of beginning, middle, and end of the story, and to analyze the formation of narrative contraction and expansion in these three stages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - God in the Stories of Masnavi Manavi: A Narrative Analysis
Afsāneh Saādati Mohsen MohammadiFeshārakiIn their research, scholars have studied the subject of God in Masnavi Manavi from various theological, mystical and religious perspectives, emphasizing the non-narrative or non-fiction elements; but this subject is still hidden in its stories. By using analytical-descr MoreIn their research, scholars have studied the subject of God in Masnavi Manavi from various theological, mystical and religious perspectives, emphasizing the non-narrative or non-fiction elements; but this subject is still hidden in its stories. By using analytical-descriptive method, the purpose of this research is to classify the actions of God in 57 stories of Masnavi Manavi according to the type of His emergence and influence in each story. In fact, the stories of Masnavi, along with the exact mystical points, have been able to draw the audiences to the spiritual life, and through this, to make them aware of the absolute presence of God in all aspects of life. The results indicate that God appears as a leading character in the narratives of Masnavi. Sometimes, He appears directly as a key figure through Divine providence, Devine destiny, inspiration and revelation, and sometimes He has a significant presence in the position of a Hatef (the owner of mysterious voice) symbolically and allegorically. By showing such actions, Rumi has tried to guide his readers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - Allegorical Images in Maghamat al-Gholoob; An Analysis Based on the Views of Paul Nwyia
Manizheh Poolādi Amir Hossein Hemmati Atā Mohmmad RādmaneshIn mystical texts, abstract concepts are explained by using the referential language and literary possibilities of language, such as allegory. The main purpose of allegory is to teach the holy traveler (sālek) to go through the stages of mystical journey (suluk) and to MoreIn mystical texts, abstract concepts are explained by using the referential language and literary possibilities of language, such as allegory. The main purpose of allegory is to teach the holy traveler (sālek) to go through the stages of mystical journey (suluk) and to reach perfection. The use of allegorical language in mysticism is attributed to Abul-Hassan Nouri. After briefly referring to the background and function of allegory, in the present study, by using the method of analyzing of information and the library resources, the content and theme of Maghamat al-Gholoob (Authorities of Hearts), by Abul-Hassan Nouri, have been studied and types of allegory such as Quranic allegories, metaphors and allegorical similes have been analyzed based on the views of Paul Nwyia. The findings show that the mysticial stations and principles, in their most abstract form, are presented in this treatise. Non-narrative allegory, along with metaphor, allegories, and allegorical additions, are among the most frequent types of allegory in Maghamat al-Gholoob. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - Love in the Culture of Gilān (the Case Study: The Narrative of Ranā); A Mythological Approach
Zahra Mehdypour Moghaddam Bahman namvar motlagh Love, which represents the deepest form of connection between human beings, can take on different forms. In a romantic relationship, not all people follow the same emotional pattern and some human beings may even resort to violence or punishment. The myth of Ranā More Love, which represents the deepest form of connection between human beings, can take on different forms. In a romantic relationship, not all people follow the same emotional pattern and some human beings may even resort to violence or punishment. The myth of Ranā in the region of Gilān in Iran depicts the emergence of a romantic relationship and its unfortunate fate in the lord and peasant system. By using descriptive-content analysis method and with a mythological and narratological approach, the present study seeks to explain the influential elements in the romantic myth of Ranā. Also, the various dimensions of this mythological narrative and its discourse, contextual and hypertextual conditions are examined. In order to better understand the symbols of the narrative, the attempt is made to study the prevailing culture and discourses with an emphasis on psychoanalysis and sociology. The results show that human relations, especially emotional, can indicate the evolutionary status of a society and if a society wants to preserve its indigenous identity and its own aesthetics, it has no choice but to know its past and pay attention to its native myths; because myths are considered as behavioral patterns of a particular society and in most cases, their influence is unconsciously experienced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - Ritual Drinking of Wine as a Modified Form of Drinking Blood of the Sacrifice
ayoob omidiRitual drinking of wine is rooted in the rite of sacrifice and is a modified form of blood drinking. Over time, the blood drinking ritual has been replaced by the wine drinking. There is an association between blood and wine, and red wine is more similar to the blood of MoreRitual drinking of wine is rooted in the rite of sacrifice and is a modified form of blood drinking. Over time, the blood drinking ritual has been replaced by the wine drinking. There is an association between blood and wine, and red wine is more similar to the blood of the sacrifice than anything else. According to what is mentioned in Persian narrative poetry texts, due to the importance and position of the kings, wine drinking was often held in their memory. After the kings, there were heroes in whose honor the most wine drinking rituals were held, because they were supporters of royal glory, national independence and defense of people against foreigners. Recommending to drink wine in memory of heroes and elders (before war and after death) is an invitation to a ritual, and it has an effect on their afterlife destiny and is the cause of attracting the spiritual and spiritual power of wine drinkers. The present research, by using descriptive-analytical method and referring to Persian narrative poetry texts (written till 7th A.H. century), attempts to show that ritual drinking of wine is a modified way of drinking the blood of a victim in primitive rituals. The results of the research show that collective wine drinking in battlefield and banquet of kings, heroes and elders is a kind of non-bloody offering to the spirit of the departed; collective wine drinking leads to longevity, health and prosperity. It causes the spiritual union of wine drinkers with the soul of the departed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - Mythological Themes in Shahriar Mandanipour's Story: The Lady of the Garden
Roqayyeh Mahmoodiwand-Bakhtyari Parvaneh Adelzadeh Kamran Pashayi-FakhriThe short story "The Lady of the Garden" from the book Seven Captains, written by Shahriar Mandanipour, is a patriarchal narrative about women and the society in which the story takes place. In an eerie atmosphere and inspired by Sadegh Hedayat's book The Blind Owl (Boo MoreThe short story "The Lady of the Garden" from the book Seven Captains, written by Shahriar Mandanipour, is a patriarchal narrative about women and the society in which the story takes place. In an eerie atmosphere and inspired by Sadegh Hedayat's book The Blind Owl (Boof-e koor), the author expresses his views about his society and homeland by using symbols and mythological elements. Using descriptive analytic method and based on a mythological view, the present article tries to answer these questions: Which mythological themes and narratives did the author use for making the story better understood? Are these themes woven into the warp and woof of the story, or, are they only present in a symbolic way? In order to explain the death of beauty and the lack of progress, the lack of change and failure to achieve goals in his homeland, Mandanipour talks about the myth of the journey to the underworld, and the death of the plant god. He mentions the symbols of the agricultural – well era, flower, etc.; he believes that a demon is the reason for destruction and creates a confrontation between the goddess of agriculture and the god of the Aryans. Referring to the theme of "repetition of myths in the sacred time", the author believes that the hero always tries to make a great change and ultimately does not achieve this goal, because people do not interpret truth, beauty and change as the hero does Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - The Influence of Intertextuality in the Novel 'Suvashun' on Audience Engagement During Reading
Esmaeel BANIARDALAN Shahrokh Amirian DoostGenetic intertextuality is a well-known form of intertextuality. From a genetic point of view, intertextual relationships in texts can be distinguished into two types: real (strong) and single-layer (weak). True intertextuality is only achieved when the connection betwe MoreGenetic intertextuality is a well-known form of intertextuality. From a genetic point of view, intertextual relationships in texts can be distinguished into two types: real (strong) and single-layer (weak). True intertextuality is only achieved when the connection between two texts transcends mere lexical and formal similarities, indicating a strong intertextual bond. Through genetic intertextuality, a thorough exploration of textual relationships at various levels—both formal and thematic—proves essential in identifying the type, nature, and intensity of intertextuality. Furthermore, Roland Barthes employs a genetic intertextual interpretation to enhance the reader's experience and interaction with the text. He posits that texts can be viewed as either "readings" where the audience plays a passive role or "writings" where the audience actively engages. Barthes contends that leveraging these two forms of intertextuality is pivotal in decoding the text effectively. This qualitative study employs a comparative analytical approach to analyze data. The findings underscore the significant impact of a strong intertextual relationship in transforming the novel, "Suvashun," into a narrative that captivates the reader's passive engagement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - The Story of More Charming Than Green; A Narrative and Mystical Analaysis
Masumeh Hāmidoost Ahmad RaziIn analyzing Iranian mystical literature, the critics and literary scholars have mainly focused on Persian poems, but in recent decades, prose writings, especially short stories, have played an important role in reflecting mystical beliefs, deeds and doctrines. More cha MoreIn analyzing Iranian mystical literature, the critics and literary scholars have mainly focused on Persian poems, but in recent decades, prose writings, especially short stories, have played an important role in reflecting mystical beliefs, deeds and doctrines. More charming than green, written by Ali Moazzeni, is one of these short stories. The aim of present article is to analyze the story by using descriptive method. The story is considered in three levels: theme, literary images and narrative method, in order to show that how mystical concepts have been reconstructed in the story. In this story, the concepts like spiritual journey (suluk), self-knowledge, God's testing, peace and friendship, saintship, unity of vision and ease of mind have joined with religious issues and mystical themes and have been presented in new forms. Using literary images and different methods of narration associated with mystical themes have led to coherence of the story. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - The Development of Identity of Iranian Male Adolescents in the Context of Counter-Narrative of Lives: A Qualitative Research
Yousef jalali Hossein Eskandari Ahmad borjali Faramarz sohrabi Mohammad asgariThe aim of this study was to investigate the development of identity of Iranian male adolescents in the context of counter-narrative of their lives. The research method was qualitative and correlational. In the qualitative phase, the population consisted of male adolesc MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the development of identity of Iranian male adolescents in the context of counter-narrative of their lives. The research method was qualitative and correlational. In the qualitative phase, the population consisted of male adolescents aged 15-20 years old, as well as psychologists and sociologists in Tehran in 2020. The adolescents were selected by the convenience sampling method and the process of sampling was continued until theoretical saturation (19 people). Also, 6 specialists were selected by the purposive sampling. In the quantitative phase, the population consisted of adolescents aged 15-20 years old in Tehran in 2020, from which 218 people were selected by convenience sampling. In the qualitative phase, data were collected through the life story interview (McAdams, 1995) and in the quantitative phase by a researcher-made questionnaire. In the qualitative phase, data were analyzed through the content analysis method and in the quantitative phase through the confirmatory factor analysis. The results of content analysis showed that the counter narrative model of Iranian male adolescents includes components such as voluntary lifestyle, sense of uniqueness, independence-seeking and competitiveness. The results of first-order factor analysis indicated that the model has a good fit with the data. The results of second-order factor analysis also showed that the sense of uniqueness has the most contribution in the counter narrative model of Iranian male adolescents. According to the research findings, it can be concluded that the modern and individualistic values have gained a significant contribution in the structure of counter narrative of Iranian male adolescents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - Studying the structure of narration in the lyrical masnavis of Khajovi Kermani with reference According to Gerard Genet's point of view, "Case study: Homai and Homayun and Gol and Nowruz"
gholamhossain khodayar ahmad ranjbar ashraf sheibaniaghdamMasnavis "Homay and Homayun" and "Gol and Nowruz" are among the works of Khajoo –e- Kermani in the 8th century, which describe the love and passion of two Iranian and Shami princes for the daughters of "Caesar of Rome" and "King of China". . According to the MoreMasnavis "Homay and Homayun" and "Gol and Nowruz" are among the works of Khajoo –e- Kermani in the 8th century, which describe the love and passion of two Iranian and Shami princes for the daughters of "Caesar of Rome" and "King of China". . According to the classification of literary types, these two poems can be placed in the "romance" group. In a descriptive-analytical way, this research deals with finding evidence and examples of Gerard Genet's views in the lyrical works of Khajovi Kermani and tries to answer the question that in the structure of the love stories of Khajovi Kermani, which of the components Can Gerard Genet's opinion be checked? Narratology or narrative grammar, by examining the form of a literary work, tries to achieve a semantic system beyond the text and make the narrative speech or text understandable. Narratology is a set of general rules about narrative styles, systems governing narration or storytelling, and plot structure. Genet considers five topics important for describing and analyzing the structures of literary texts: order, continuity, frequency, aspect and tone. These five factors are included in the framework of the "time in narrative" theory. The present research describes and analyzes these five topics in the narrative structure of two masnavis "Homay and Homayun" and "Gol and Nowruz". The findings indicate that the analyzed systems have a stable story and narrative structure and these five topics are clearly expressed in them. Among these components are The instantaneous and linear form of the narrative without reference to the Past, Psitive and Fixed acceleration, Existence of repetition and Frequency, addressing the details,… Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Narration of Realism in the Stories of PezeshkZad
Afsaneh Sehati Gorgan Monireh Ahmad SoltaniThe purpose of this article is to examine the narrative of realism in two works by Iraj Pezeshkzad. One of those works is Uncle John Napoleon, which is usually considered as a satire because of its humor, but the author tries from a realistic point of view, that is, the MoreThe purpose of this article is to examine the narrative of realism in two works by Iraj Pezeshkzad. One of those works is Uncle John Napoleon, which is usually considered as a satire because of its humor, but the author tries from a realistic point of view, that is, the reality of people and events and their narration taking into account the situation and circumstances of the narrator. That is the main point of this article. Another work that will be examined is Haj Mohammad Jafar in Paris, which deals with the memories of an Iranian businessman on a trip to Paris. Since the events and characters are real and the narrator of the story observes the actions and behavior of people from the beginning to the end, the author has tried to narrate the work in terms of realism. It is noteworthy that this work is not without humor, but because it happened at some point in time, the author has dealt with the real aspects of the story and proved that the style of this story is realism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - Gerard Genette’s theory and the study of temporality in Mohammadi novels
sara abdoli Alieh Yousef Fam Shervin KhamsehOne of the special features of oral narratives is the element of "time" as the most basic characteristic factor that represents it, i.e. "language" and what is revealed, i.e. "story". ", is studied in the narrative text. In this research, according to the approach of "G MoreOne of the special features of oral narratives is the element of "time" as the most basic characteristic factor that represents it, i.e. "language" and what is revealed, i.e. "story". ", is studied in the narrative text. In this research, according to the approach of "Gérard Genette", who presents his theory in the three axes of order, continuity and frequency, the category of "time in the narrative" with descriptive-analytical method in the three novels of "Mohammed Hossein Mohammadi" ", the Afghan and immigrant writer was investigated. Since the time of narration is of special importance in Mohammadi's stories, which are written in a realistic style, "Mohammadi" tried to apply this narrative method in his narrative statements in all his works. Based on the timing, he narrated his stories with negative acceleration. Novels in which the narrator or in other words the main character of the story are women, have a negative momentum. The tense and hindsight are seen with the same frequency in male and female narrators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - The evolution of identity and the formation of the Islamic revolution
ّFaramarz Mirzazadeh AhmadbeyglouMany domestic and international causes and factors have been proposed to explain and analyze the formation of the Iranian Islamic Revolution, but the basis and development of the Iranian (religious) identity has not been addressed. Therefore, with the aim of finding the MoreMany domestic and international causes and factors have been proposed to explain and analyze the formation of the Iranian Islamic Revolution, but the basis and development of the Iranian (religious) identity has not been addressed. Therefore, with the aim of finding the main basis of identity in the formation of the Islamic Revolution, this research seeks to find the main axis of the formation of the Islamic Revolution of Iran in the framework of the historical identity of Iranians. This article proposes the hypothesis that "Identity development in Iran by using modern elements and concepts and injecting Islamic content into it was able to prepare the mentality of the formation of the Islamic Revolution. It tries to explain the mentioned hypothesis by descriptive-analytical method and using Paul Ricoeur's "narrative identity" theory. The obtained findings show that Behsan religion is a historical current and with occasional ups and downs, it is the center of identity development in Iran, and it has shown positive and negative reactions against the external and internal elements of identity, according to their religious or anti-religious content, that the acceptance of Islam and The formation of the Islamic revolution is one of the positive points and confronting the attack of Alexander, the Mongols and the failure of constitutionalism are the results of the negative reactions of religious identity in Iran. As a result of digesting the elements of modernity, the Islamic revolution was manifested in the concept of "returning to oneself" which was interpreted and supported by concepts such as reason, self-awareness, freedom, equality, liberation, revolution and change. With this description, the final result of the research is that the religious identity digested the modern elements and used them to shape the Islamic revolution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - Designing a model of organizational excellence in Iranian sports(a case study of the volleyball federation of the Islamic republic of Iran.
sayyed mohammad tavassoli mohammadreza esmaeili Hamid Foroghipoorthe purpose of this study is to present a model of organizational excellence in the volleyball federation of the Islamic republic of iran.the present study is paradigmatic in terms of the type of pragmatism researc in terms of the rese arch approach mixedh from the stra Morethe purpose of this study is to present a model of organizational excellence in the volleyball federation of the Islamic republic of iran.the present study is paradigmatic in terms of the type of pragmatism researc in terms of the rese arch approach mixedh from the strategic of view in the first part of the hidden content analysis and in the guan titative part of the descviptive -survey.the sampleof research in the first part were 15 experts in the field of organizational excellence and sports management and the second part were employees coaches and referees of the volleyball federation of the eslamic republic of iran. after analyzing the content of the basics and models of organizational excellence in from of closed and open guestionnaire the researcher placed the in dicators and organizational ex cellen of the organization in the form of fuzzy delphimethod.the purpost of this stady is to present a model.... Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - A causative comparative analysis of the narrative on french cartoon magazine, charlie hebdo (BBC 'S PERSIAN CHANNEL AND IRAN'S TV)
لیلا شعبانی bagher saroukhaniAbstract The current research investigates the similarities and differences of various narratives made by BBC and Iran’s national channel on covering the news about the so called events regarding the insults against the holy prophet made by the French Charlie Hebd MoreAbstract The current research investigates the similarities and differences of various narratives made by BBC and Iran’s national channel on covering the news about the so called events regarding the insults against the holy prophet made by the French Charlie Hebdo cartoon magazine. In other words, the current research intends to recognize the news and media policies on this event. The main aim of the current research is to compare the narratives made by BBC and Iran’s national channel on the event. Therefore, such critical theories as framing theory, imaging theory, discourse theory , ideology and the theories on diplomacy were applied. Here, a comparative study of the narration methods and the analysis of the two above mentioned channels was done. In order to collect data, the observation method and the visual documents were used in order to identify the indices applied for the narratives. The results showed that different media with their own news and policies try to stress on the news which can attract audiences so that they may believe the news as the real ones. Keywords: insulting the holy prophet, media policy, narrative analysis, National channel Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - Language, text, metatext and meaning in Bivatan's novel
Azar Dekht Khatibi Rahim Taher Reza FahimiBivatan's long novel can be considered a post-modern long novel according to the signs that indicate postmodernism in general. Postmodern, although historically post-modern and to respond to some of its unrealized claims, came to the fore; It has characteristics that di MoreBivatan's long novel can be considered a post-modern long novel according to the signs that indicate postmodernism in general. Postmodern, although historically post-modern and to respond to some of its unrealized claims, came to the fore; It has characteristics that distinguish it from modernism. In Bivatan's novel, which was based on the contrast between tradition and modernity. We witness the not-so-cohesive feelings of Jeremiah, the main character of the story. It is through his thoughts and actions that he is aware of the confusion of the situation and the dispersion of the post-modern man's thought, his superficial views, the change of the value systems of the society, the avoidance of anything that has coherence, certainty and specific meaning. Let's wash The data of this research was collected using the library method. The result of this research shows that in Bivatan's novel, language plays an essential role in the creation of new meanings. Apart from the fact that these meanings may refer to simple, superficial and even vulgar things, the language plays its role correctly in these creations and helps to convey many meanings. Also, Amirkhani has many language games in this novel, and through these games, he creates meanings that express the social and political realities of two mutual perspectives, traditional and modern Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - Izad Bahram from Religious Narrative to National Epic ( The Case study of the Avesta and the Shahnameh )
Ziba EsmailiAbstract zad Bahram, a great and powerful Izad in Mazd Yasna is the ancient and most loved Izad among the Arians who is manifested in ten bodies in the Avesta. Although it has profound presence in religious narratives an MoreAbstract zad Bahram, a great and powerful Izad in Mazd Yasna is the ancient and most loved Izad among the Arians who is manifested in ten bodies in the Avesta. Although it has profound presence in religious narratives and public acceptance among people, it doesn't have sensible appearance in national epics. It has been tried, in this article – in a descriptive-analytic method, to deal with the matter how Izad Bahram appears in religious narratives ( based on the Avesta ) and national narratives ( based on the Ferdowsi epics ) . The results of the survey show that Izad Bahram manifests itself in the body of an ewe and the bird of varghan. Because of the mixture of varghan and the Simorgh myth in the Shahnameh, the latter replaces the former in that book. The specific characteristics of the varghan feather in which Izad Bahram has reincarnated, is its blessedness and wonderful power in healing the wounds, prognostigation of being aware of the secrets of creation in relation to Izadi stance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - Studying the Speed of Narratives in the Book "The Leg which Had been Left Behind"
Mahboobeh BesmelThe leg which had been left behind is a book which is in the category of the Holy Defense which was written by Nasser Hosseinipour. In this work, Hosseini pour presents his captive memories by daily diaries. The aim of this research is to study the above-mentioned book MoreThe leg which had been left behind is a book which is in the category of the Holy Defense which was written by Nasser Hosseinipour. In this work, Hosseini pour presents his captive memories by daily diaries. The aim of this research is to study the above-mentioned book and the speed of the narratives based on Janet's theory .The main question of the research is : which group of increasing and decreasing of speed has much function in " The leg which had been left behind? "The results of the research show that the decreasing factors such as description, show, episode, reporting speech … Had of remarkable frequency in that book. Based on this idea one can say that in all the chapters, almost, a negative speed dominates. However, this characteristic not only doesn't make the reader bored but the writer , by this method, illustrates attractive and impressive scenes in the perspective of the reader. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - The Stance of Narrative Allegory in Seyyed Bahaoddin Mostofil Mamalek's Diwan ( book of Poetry )
Shiva Deh Bozorghi Ali Mohammad Moazeni Sorollah NowrooziAbstract Seyyed Bahaoddin's Diwan is investigable from different approaches. One of its important and prolific implications and topics is the allegory – specifically narrative allegory. He has utilized the allegorical st MoreAbstract Seyyed Bahaoddin's Diwan is investigable from different approaches. One of its important and prolific implications and topics is the allegory – specifically narrative allegory. He has utilized the allegorical stories to express his ideas and thoughts in the religious, ethical and social domains because this method mostly affects on the minds of his reader. The present research which is discussed by descriptive – analytic method, deals with the allegory and its function, studying the poem in the narrative allegorical axis, introducing its segments and tools and answering the posed questions which have been appeared in its findings. Seyyed Bahaoddin's tendencies in expressing the codified allegories is alphabetical and it is his most important poetic characteristic and from this perspective he has had much impression in the frequency compared with other elements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - The Stance of Narrative Allegory in Seyyed Bahaoddin Mostofil Mamalek's Diwan ( book of Poetry )
Mahmood Hokmabadi Razieh NassabiAbstract Seyyed Bahaoddin's Diwan is investigable from different approaches. One of its important and prolific implications and topics is the allegory – specifically narrative allegory. He has utilized the allegorical stor MoreAbstract Seyyed Bahaoddin's Diwan is investigable from different approaches. One of its important and prolific implications and topics is the allegory – specifically narrative allegory. He has utilized the allegorical stories to express his ideas and thoughts in the religious, ethical and social domains because this method mostly affects on the minds of his reader. The present research which is discussed by descriptive – analytic method, deals with the allegory and its function, studying the poem in the narrative allegorical axis, introducing its segments and tools and answering the posed questions which have been appeared in its findings. Seyyed Bahaoddin's tendencies in expressing the codified allegories is alphabetical and it is his most important poetic characteristic and from this perspective he has had much impression in the frequency compared with other elements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - Studying and Analyzing the Narrative Elements in The Mathnavi of Farhad and Shirin from Wahshi Bafghi
Ma'sumeh Assadzadeh Farhad Falahatkhah Najibeh HonarwarThe mathnavi of Farhad and Shirin from Wahshi Bafghi is one of the masterpieces of Persian literature. Structural analysis of the narrative elements in this poetry, is of the axial questions of this research. In this research which has been accomplish by descriptive &nd MoreThe mathnavi of Farhad and Shirin from Wahshi Bafghi is one of the masterpieces of Persian literature. Structural analysis of the narrative elements in this poetry, is of the axial questions of this research. In this research which has been accomplish by descriptive – analytic method, besides presenting clear and comprehensive descriptions of the structural components of the story, other elements such as plot, perspective, characterization, intermediators, decoration themes, incidents, and dialogs have been analyzed. The findings showed that the story elements, in this poetry, have been conscientiously set in the service of the development of the story. Wahshi's skillfulness in combination of these elements and making connection between them has caused the plot of the story to have a relatively cause and effect relationship. This has endowed the story stability and firmness. All of which are appealing to the reader to read the story to the end. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - Studying the So-called Shadelessness of Prophet Mohammad ( p. b. u. H ) in the Prophecy Exaltations
Rogayyeh Hadipour Maryam Mohammad Zadeh Ramin Sadeghi NejadAbstract One of the claims posed about Prophet Mohammad ( p. b. u. H ) is his transparency which has been reflected about His creation and manner in Persian poetry especially in the prophecy exaltation Since the poets of Persi MoreAbstract One of the claims posed about Prophet Mohammad ( p. b. u. H ) is his transparency which has been reflected about His creation and manner in Persian poetry especially in the prophecy exaltation Since the poets of Persian literature were to attribute the grandeur beyond the human power to the prophet, they have considered it as miracle. The main question of this paper is: Did the prophet really have shadow? To answer it, we have explored the subject in an attributive-analytic method of the Holy Qur'an, wisdom, and traditions' point of view. The findings of this research show that neither the Holy Qur'an nor the prophet were to prove of having such miracle on Him; and even logically it is not acceptable. Few traditions narrated by the two main sects of Islam are too baseless to be accepted and has to be disregarded Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - Content analysis of symbols and fictional allegories of writers of the second period (generation) of Bushehr; "Sadegh Chubak and Rasul Parvizi"
Asghar Alikhani saeid mahmood saeid sadeghi عبدالله رضاییThe province of Bushehr, situated along the Persian Gulf in southwestern Iran, holds a significant position in the literature of the country, especially in the narrative genre of the southern literary school, spanning from the first to the fourth generations of writers. MoreThe province of Bushehr, situated along the Persian Gulf in southwestern Iran, holds a significant position in the literature of the country, especially in the narrative genre of the southern literary school, spanning from the first to the fourth generations of writers. Storytellers from this region, like their counterparts in other parts of Iran, have employed diverse narrative techniques in different historical periods. The literary richness of this diversity and evolution is influenced by global literature on one hand, and on the other, it is connected to the narrative traditions of classical texts in ancient Persian literature, which utilize symbolism as a means of story representation.The aim and necessity of this article are to elucidate the merits, shortcomings, and contextual reinterpretations of allegorical and symbolic content in the second era of Bushehr's literary production. Therefore, this study endeavors to analyze allegorical works in three categories: independent narratives, non-independent narratives, and the use of symbols, focusing on the period between the 1920s and 1950s. It seeks to answer the fundamental question of which allegorical expression methods the writers of this era employed and for what purposes. The outcome of this research, presented in a library-style format with a research-analytical approach, reveals that during the second Pahlavi era, "Choubak" narrates independent stories based on the undesirable social and political atmosphere of the society, while both allegory and symbolic representation are found in the stories of another writer from this period, "Parvizi." Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - The role of text type on the use of metacognitive reading strategies: Iranian EFL learners' perceptions in focus
Somayeh Nilforoushan Mojgan Rashtchi Gholam-Reza AbbasianThe current study used a qualitative methodology to examine how Iranian EFL learners practically applied Metacognitive Reading Strategies (MRs) when reading narrative and expository English texts. The study also investigated the participants' perceptions of the impact o MoreThe current study used a qualitative methodology to examine how Iranian EFL learners practically applied Metacognitive Reading Strategies (MRs) when reading narrative and expository English texts. The study also investigated the participants' perceptions of the impact of text type on using MRs while reading narrative and expository English passages. The researchers selected 40 intermediate EFL learners studying TEFL at Islamic Azad University and Farhangyan University using purposive sampling as focused participants. The instruments employed included the Oxford Placement Test, semi-structured interviews, and think-aloud protocols. The data analysis involved theme-based analysis. The think-aloud protocol analysis indicated that participants employed multiple strategies when engaging with the expository text compared to the narrative text. The finding suggested that text types affected readers` overall performance. The semi-structured interviews revealed that learner's perceptions of text type played a vital role in reading different text types. The practical implications of the study were also discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - Indigenous and Mythological Elements in the Performative Narrative of the Story of Rustam and Esfandiar
azim jabbareh naserouThe tale of Rostam and Esfandyar is one of the most fascinating stories in Shahnameh which has had wide reflection among the populace. Ever since its creation this tragedy has been very popular in different regions of Iran and has undergone changes and been distor MoreThe tale of Rostam and Esfandyar is one of the most fascinating stories in Shahnameh which has had wide reflection among the populace. Ever since its creation this tragedy has been very popular in different regions of Iran and has undergone changes and been distorted at times. The ancient region of Kouhmareh Sorkhi is one region where this tale is very popular since antiquity. Like most other narratives this tale is not remembered by the people of this locality and only is told by the eldest and the most renowned naqqal of this area, Ali Hossein Allinejad , the last of the naqqals and narrators of the region. The naqqali narrative of this tale in this area is an amalgam of epic, popular and mythological beliefs of the natives of the region. The studies made by the writer of this article on the present epic narratives in the area and specifically the recent narrative shows that narrators and naqqals have tried to make these narratives more acceptable among the community by incorporating mythological ethnic elements and beliefs among people and thus preserve them in memories. This inspection not only shows part of mythological beliefs of this community but also records narratives not previously studied nor recorded in references. The findings of this research are presented under the following sections: 1- Birth of Esfandyar 2- Fertility myth 3- Martyred gods 4- belief in genies Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - Analytic study of the Tale of Kaykhosrow in Masaram region
azim jabbareh naserou nohammad hossein karamiAbstract Kaykhosrow is one of the prominent Kiani kings whose tales constitutes the most captivating part of Shahnameh to itself. Although Ferdowsi had dealt with all periods of his life from birth to death, yet it seems that his childhood and in particular his m MoreAbstract Kaykhosrow is one of the prominent Kiani kings whose tales constitutes the most captivating part of Shahnameh to itself. Although Ferdowsi had dealt with all periods of his life from birth to death, yet it seems that his childhood and in particular his mysterious end received more attention by the public all the more reason for being a target for weaving myths around it. One such narrative is the one narrated by one of the naqqals named Khavar Ghashang in the village of Masaram situated 40 km southwest of Shiraz. This extraordinary narrative is an amalgam of several mythological, epic, religious, and historical narratives to an extent that apart from certain story lines it does not seem to resemble much to its Shahnameh counterpart. In other words this narrative is a fusion of different adventures related to Cyrus, the great, Feraydun, Zahhak, Holy Mary, and Moses. This article focuses on parts of the narrative concerning the events surrounding Kaykhosrow’s birth, his growing up, his uprising against his grandfather and finally his fate. It is assumed that other areas of his life were gradually forgotten since most elders in Masaram cannot recall the story and only a few narrate limited part of the tale. The purpose of this article is to record this narrative which is not cited in any sources and also to study and analyze its content. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - A research on the manner Ferdowsi utilized sources based on the comparison between the tale of Homay and Dara in Shahnameh, Ghurar al- siyar, and Nihayat al-arab
hamed safiA research on the manner Ferdowsi utilized sources based on the comparison between the tale of Homay and Dara in Shahnameh, Ghurar al- siyar, and Nihayat al-arab *Hamed Safi PhD Graduate, Persian Literature, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran Date of MoreA research on the manner Ferdowsi utilized sources based on the comparison between the tale of Homay and Dara in Shahnameh, Ghurar al- siyar, and Nihayat al-arab *Hamed Safi PhD Graduate, Persian Literature, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran Date of reception: 97/1/20 Date of acceptance: 97/2/19 Abstract The final section of Bahman’s sovereignty in Shahnameh deals with Homay’s conception by his father Bahman. According to Ferdowsi’s narrative and in accordance with Pahlavi teachings Bahman unites with Homay makes her his successor and orders that the born child should be the future king. Sassan, Bahman’s son witnessing the event, leaves town and goes to Neyshabour, marries there and names his son Sassan too. Nihayat al-arab shares this narrative as well. According to Saalebi’s narrative also Bahman marries Homay who bears him a child. After Bahman’s death Homay assumes the throne. Comparing Ferdowsi’s narrative of this tale with the other two sources show that all three narratives have common source. On the other hand the difference in Shahnameh’s narrative with the other two texts goes back to the style of narration Ferdowsi adopts and the way he utilizes his sources. Based on this research Ferdowsi’s utilization of his source is a heterogeneous one. By combining two narratives, Ferdowsi narrates the tale in a way which is more dramatic and capturing. In fact Ferdowsi takes each event from a different source and in order to have a more coherent sequence of events he adds certain incidence to the tale. * . hamed 19s2003@yahoo.com Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - Interactive and synchronic system in Pourandokht and Eskandar’s encounter
kobra bahmaniInteractive and synchronic system in Pourandokht and Eskandar’s encounter *Kobra Bahmani Assistant Professor, Persian Literature, Islamic Azad University, Dorud, Iran Date of reception: 96/11/25 Date of acceptance: 97/5/15 Abstract Although popular novels c MoreInteractive and synchronic system in Pourandokht and Eskandar’s encounter *Kobra Bahmani Assistant Professor, Persian Literature, Islamic Azad University, Dorud, Iran Date of reception: 96/11/25 Date of acceptance: 97/5/15 Abstract Although popular novels contain valuable settings and narrative forms which are closely related to national epic, depending on representation of the tale in different ages and also the presence of the naqal or narrator they have accepted elements and discourses of different periods within them and have changed their semantic patterns accordingly. Because of this characteristic, part of the narratology is the study of the way novel encounters new valuable settings. When the text is believed to be a systematic whole one is obliged to study the way the text encounters new data. Semantic approach via reducing the narrative into abstract structures and the way they are organized apart from examining the juxtaposition and substitution processes in deep structure and surface structure could analyze and differentiate variety of discourse systems in the text. Eskandar Nameh section within Darab Nameh written by Tarsusi is one of the most distinguishing Eskandar Namehs in Persian literature and tells the story of the challenge between the two Persian and Islamic discourses regarding Eskandar. The purpose of this article is to show how the tale interacts with the new data and setting. The process of how signs juxtapose in narrative style is indicative of the components which have no structural connection with the plot of the story. Therefore first general principles of narrative grammar are studied and, then other discourse systems are examined showing how the machinery of meaning production operate in them. * . bahmanikobra@yahoo.com Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - The study of epic aspects in the dramatic art of illustrated storytelling “Parda Khwani”
Majid FadaeiAbstract Recitation is a kind of epic storytelling using screens on which are displayed illustrated scenes drawn from epic, mythological, and religious stories. Putting together three elements of speech, picture, and performance made this art to be counted as the MoreAbstract Recitation is a kind of epic storytelling using screens on which are displayed illustrated scenes drawn from epic, mythological, and religious stories. Putting together three elements of speech, picture, and performance made this art to be counted as the most influential and dramatic form of epic storytelling in between the traditional Iranian arts. However despite possessing unique characteristics, by comparison to other Persian arts recitation has not been studied thoroughly. This article is an attempt to deal with the recitation origins of this dramatic art of illustrated storytelling and the manner of its performance, and also examine its epic aspects. The results obtained show that its history and origin goes back to the period before Islam in particular to the time that Mani, the Persian painter prophet emerged. After Islam and in particular in Safavid era recitation received ample attention and this art was developed since due to retaining epic aspects, it was assumed as a unifying art. Based on the researches, this epic aspect of this ancient art were drawn from Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh narrative and religious epics, being the main source for naqqals’ narratives. The epic present in the narrative conveyed epic aspect to the other two chief components of the recitation that is painting and performance in such a way that one can name recitation the epic art of illustrated recitation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - New findings regarding the Tale of Siavash amid the Kurdish narrative by Almas khan Kanoule’ei
zahra jamshidi abas mohamadianAbstract The glory of the tales and their captivating features in Shahnameh have always been the focus of attention by the local poets. Kurdish poets are no exceptions to this rule and had many times embarked on translation or representation of Shahnameh tales.&n MoreAbstract The glory of the tales and their captivating features in Shahnameh have always been the focus of attention by the local poets. Kurdish poets are no exceptions to this rule and had many times embarked on translation or representation of Shahnameh tales. One example of such influence is the book of poetry, Siavashnameh the invaluable work composed by Almas Khan Kandulei in Kurdish Gurani dialect following the example of the Tale of Siavash. The Kurdish poet made an attempt to avoid mere translation and imitation and pay attention to literary creation. To achieve this end, he narrates the story with more details to recreate another collection of poetry for this reason one encounters more precise cause and effect relations, and plots are more solid than its counterpart in Shahnameh, hence it could be used as a key to solve certain ambiguities in the tale of Siavash in Shahnameh and serve to provide solutions for the questions as yet left unanswered. The writers of this article while making an effort to introduce Almas Khan and deal with his biography and works, also made an attempt to examine the two tales in terms of narrative, content, and events in the story and cite their points of difference employing comparative analytic method. Moreover for certain actions and events in the story appropriate mythological analysis are provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - The study of narrative grammar in the tale of Rostam and Esfandyar based on the Greimas narrative theory
Mahboobe Zamani Boroujeni asghar rezaporianStructural analysis of literary works due to the study of intertextual elements and the discovery of their overall pattern leads to a better understanding of the literary works and with the help of the results obtained from such analysis one can unravel the mysteries un MoreStructural analysis of literary works due to the study of intertextual elements and the discovery of their overall pattern leads to a better understanding of the literary works and with the help of the results obtained from such analysis one can unravel the mysteries underlying the creation of different works and discover the appropriate patterns for their analysis. One of the methods to analyze the structure of literary works is the Greimas narrative model. The application of the processes and narratological, semiotic, and semantic patterns that Greimas propose in order to recognize the overall structure of a narrative and also the analysis of Persian texts whether in prose or verse seems an essential task. Casting a critical look over variety of texts in search of meaning either to prove or disprove the patterns could entail significant results. Many tales in Shahnameh were investigated according to Grimas theory. A number of these tales include manifestations of magic and sorcery and in this regard numerous studies had been conducted, yet till present a research regarding the grammar of magic narrative in Shahnameh had not been conducted The purpose of this article is to study the structure of the plot, to analyze the active patterns, to recognize the mechanisms and the elements involved for production of meaning in the magic and sorcery narrative in the tale of Rostam and Esfandyar, and to study the impact of magic on the structures of this narrative. The conclusion drawn from the research show that where ever in Shahnameh tales inhuman, magic actors are involved they play the major role in forming the tale and moving it forward leaving the human actors behind. In fact a particular grammar gets created for the works concerning magic. The discovery and identification of this kind of grammar and unique characteristics of the author’s style could help researchers verify the attributions given to the author of the literary work. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - Investigating the impact of mythological narratives on urban resilience
ali sadeghimaneshMythological narratives are the outcome of man’s experiences in confrontation with challenges and problems that influenced his life and one such problem is urban resilience. The cities that embedded ancient civilizations owe their resilience mostly to the my MoreMythological narratives are the outcome of man’s experiences in confrontation with challenges and problems that influenced his life and one such problem is urban resilience. The cities that embedded ancient civilizations owe their resilience mostly to the mythological insights rather than economic, managerial, or engineering mechanisms. The present research is an attempt to explain via descriptive analytic method the connection between mythological narratives with the reconstruction and improvement of the cities making use of mythological theories of Mircea Eliade, Carl Jung, and Gilbert Doran. The results obtained show that mythological narratives invoke more empathy and companionship among majority of people since their archetypal imageries are rooted in the collective unconscious. Considering the fact that there are correlations between urban planning and narration of myths could reinforce the identity of a city and internalize the desire to improve and reconstruct it. Three methods employed by the ancient civilizations to differentiate the sacred space in the city from the outside space and thereby augment the resilience of their cities were as follows: a) constructing a symbolic wall b) performing ceremonial rites c) concordance of symbolic mythological sites with the city all these measures are still effective for better resilience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - The tradition of story making and the standpoint of minstrels in the narration of heroic romance
Mohammad Reza Rashed MohasselThe existence of common names and similar narratives in Avesta and Indian epics is indicative of the antiquity of the Persian epic and mythological stories since at least the time of the companionship and symbiosis of Indo-Iranian people, that is more than two tho MoreThe existence of common names and similar narratives in Avesta and Indian epics is indicative of the antiquity of the Persian epic and mythological stories since at least the time of the companionship and symbiosis of Indo-Iranian people, that is more than two thousand years BC. Certain signs regarding fantastic animals, extraordinary birds and various narratives from Dumuzid myth and Inanna are representative of common grounds with Indo-European peoples and the inhabitants of Mesopotamia. References made by Herodotus, Ctesias, and Xenophon in books and the reports given by Chares of Mytilene, chamberlain of Alexander the Great bear witness to the fact that religious, heroic and lyrical stories had been kept in cultural centers and treasuries of Iranian kings. Other narratives such as the story of Rostam and Sohrab and the story of Kavus’s ascent to the heaven all point to the accounts minstrels created often in versified form and sang in different regions perhaps with little change. These narratives which are more often heroic, lyrical allegories have many instances in the story of Khosrow Parviz and Barbad in Shahnameh. Although minstrels had arisen from the heart of the populace and had mostly narrativized for their sake, they had enjoyed special treatment within the circles of nobles and rulers and had regular visits to their courts. In this article attempt is made to highlight the importance of these improvisators and clarify their place and position in the society of that time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - A few epic mythical points and motifs in an old Turkish scroll
Sajjad AydenlooOne rather old and unknown narrative scroll is a book called the entire Shahnameh canon by the eminent philosopher Abolqasem Ferdowsi which was published in Tabriz in 1339. It is written in Turkish prose and its stories proceeds from the reign of Kayumars till the MoreOne rather old and unknown narrative scroll is a book called the entire Shahnameh canon by the eminent philosopher Abolqasem Ferdowsi which was published in Tabriz in 1339. It is written in Turkish prose and its stories proceeds from the reign of Kayumars till the reign of Sassanid, namely Babak, Sassan, and Ardeshir, and continues to the story of Haftvad worm. The Persian reference of at least two narratives of this scroll belongs to the Safavid period and the time of compilation and translation of yet another two of its stories is towards the end of Afsharid period and beginning of the Zand era. Therefore it should be regarded as one of the ancient narrative scrolls. Precisely due to the longevity of this scroll and comprehensiveness of narration that exists in this work, a few major epic mythical points are examined in this article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - Recognition of Khodaynameh according to Ibn Muquaffa
Roghieh Shibanifar“Khodaynameh is one of the outstanding works in Persian literature. It is written in Pahlavi language and deals with the mythic- narrative history of the ancient Persia. Unfortunately nothing has survived in the original language. Khodaynameh can More“Khodaynameh is one of the outstanding works in Persian literature. It is written in Pahlavi language and deals with the mythic- narrative history of the ancient Persia. Unfortunately nothing has survived in the original language. Khodaynameh can be regarded as a literary genre which holds various narratives (dehqani, mobadi and pahlavani) in it. This book in the second century Hijri was translated into Arabic by Abdullah ibn –Muquaffa entitled Syrolmuluk fragments of which remained in some Arabic texts. Recognition and reconstruction of these narratives makes the dream of reaching Syrolmuluk and consequent work Khodaynameh come true to some extent. This essay deals with this approach profiting from Arabic texts particularly Nihayat al-arab fi akhbar al – furs wa-l-Arab which holds a major part of Syrolmuluk in the time span from the reign of Ghoshtasp till the reign of Khosrow Parviz. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - Analysis and comparison of the narrative structure of Nezami’s tales, black & sandal domes from Haft Paykar based on Vladimir Propps’ morphological patterns of fairy tales
Fereshteh Naseri Abdulhossein Farzad Amir Hossein MahooziAmid the variety of literary genres, lyrical literature as one of the oldest poetic genres encompasses a vast spectrum of human emotions and feelings. Among the literary figures of this country, Nezami Ganjavi shines as the one of the most brilliant stars of our c MoreAmid the variety of literary genres, lyrical literature as one of the oldest poetic genres encompasses a vast spectrum of human emotions and feelings. Among the literary figures of this country, Nezami Ganjavi shines as the one of the most brilliant stars of our classical literature in terms of composing love stories, romances and Saghinameh, and therefore is highly regarded. Among his works, the three romantic verses khosrow and Shirin, Laily and Majnoon, and the grand work of Haft Paykar are considered as the most significant lyrical works in the Persian literature. In this article, two domes of Haft Paykar as examples of the most beautiful and enchanting lyric-epic romantic verses have been selected and structurally analyzed. For this purpose first the theoretical principles of narratology and morphology and Props functions in this domain were presented then, the narrative structure of two tales namely the tale of the unconscious city and the king in black from the first dome and the story of good and evil from the sixth dome based on Props’ narrative model is analyzed and compared respectively in terms of morphology, motifs and characters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - The study of narrative discourse in Shahnameh Ferdowsi
Zolfaghar Allami Arezo HeidariShahnameh enjoys significant scientific capacities in the domain of narratology and the grammar of narration. This article is concerned with the study of a genre of narration namely narrative discourse in Shahnameh in which the narrator upon narrating, all of a su MoreShahnameh enjoys significant scientific capacities in the domain of narratology and the grammar of narration. This article is concerned with the study of a genre of narration namely narrative discourse in Shahnameh in which the narrator upon narrating, all of a sudden exits from the world of the story and addresses the reader in order to have a dialogue with him. Adopting this narrative genre usually at the end of every story is based on rhetorical and exact discourse purposes and is quite influential in inducing the sense of believability of the story and it accentuates the presence of the reader. In such depicted atmosphere one can observe the communicative and emotional function of narrative discourse especially with the time change from the past to present. Also, the narratological approach of this point of view, brings about transmission of emotions, ideology, and mental states which in turn evokes direct emotional involvement with the reader. Author’s mental states and his ideological perspectives has direct logical connection with the outcome of actions and events. In a way the author criticizes and judges the actions and behavior of the characters, reveals his own beliefs so that the reader unconsciously perceives the same notion understood by the author and hence accepts his judgment. The purpose of this article is not only to put emphasis on the significance of this genre of narration but also to fully explain the objectives of the narrator in direct dialogue with the audience. This has been done on the basis of narrative criticism and structuralist narratologists’ views such as Lintvel’s. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - Artistic innovations in RobaiyatMoulana
Kavous Hassan Lee Shahin HaghighiRobai is awell known genrein Persian poetry which many Persian poets namely Jalal al-Din Mowlana has adapted so many times. Moulana has been the center of attention by many literary scholars with his two outstanding works that is to say Masnavi and Ghazaliat Shams MoreRobai is awell known genrein Persian poetry which many Persian poets namely Jalal al-Din Mowlana has adapted so many times. Moulana has been the center of attention by many literary scholars with his two outstanding works that is to say Masnavi and Ghazaliat Shams. Nevertheless the world of his Robaiyat likewise is filled with poetic experiences and artistic innovations which must not be overlooked. However, the literary credit of Robaiyat is overshadowed by the above illuminating works. This article points to certain artistic motivations, and literary innovations in RobaiyatMoulana. The reference for this study has been Kolliyate Shams Tabrizi provided by TowfiqSobhani published in 1381 by Ghatreh publications. This work contains 1983 robai. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - Oral narratives regarding the story of Goshtasb in Shahnameh
Pegah KhadishThe story of Goshtasb’s journey to the Roman Empire and his marriage with Katayun, a Byzantine princess in Shahnameh is one of the stories that is strongly continued its literary life in the oral culture of Iranians. What has been Ferdowsi’s source to narrat MoreThe story of Goshtasb’s journey to the Roman Empire and his marriage with Katayun, a Byzantine princess in Shahnameh is one of the stories that is strongly continued its literary life in the oral culture of Iranians. What has been Ferdowsi’s source to narrate this story is not clearly known however in nearly all general history books written in Farsi after shahnameh this story is present. In this regard what exists today with variety of narrations among the Iranian ethnic groups is a story called Seapony and in the international tale-type index it is classified under type 314. Although there are minor differences with the Shahnameh narrative, this story has kept many of its structural and semantic characteristics. Since the most ancient international written narratives dates back to the twelfth century, Ferdowsi’s narrative takes precedence over them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - Zahhak in Sareskand's forge A glance at the legend of Zahhak, the serpent king in Hashtrood region and its impact on the nomenclature of this area
Abdollah Valipour Seyyed Gholamreza GeybiEver since its creation, Shahnameh of Ferdowsi has been recognized as the most authentic document of identity and ethnic characteristics of Persians to uplift their spirits, and has exerted deep longlasting effect on our people in all walks of life producing many storie MoreEver since its creation, Shahnameh of Ferdowsi has been recognized as the most authentic document of identity and ethnic characteristics of Persians to uplift their spirits, and has exerted deep longlasting effect on our people in all walks of life producing many stories and beliefs. Ferdowsi's devotees from different ethnic groups retold orally variety of tales in different dialects throughout the centuries and rewarded him by creating their own legends around him to pay respect to this sublime work. The tale of Zahhak, the serpent king is one of the stories which has many different versions among the general public. The writers of this article attempt to examine and analyze a narrative of this story in Hashtrood county. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - The Effectiveness of Mindfulness Based on Narrative Group Therapy on Improving Depressive Symptoms and Emotional Outcomes in Students with Depressive Syndrome
fereshteh changizi msoomeh Azmoodeh Sholeh Livarjani Sharam VahediDepression in children and adolescents due to disrupting various social, educational, professional, functions and etc, its prevalence is an issue that needs serious attention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness based on narrative grou MoreDepression in children and adolescents due to disrupting various social, educational, professional, functions and etc, its prevalence is an issue that needs serious attention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness based on narrative group therapy intervention program on improving depressive symptoms and emotional outcomes in students with depressive syndrome. For this purpose, during a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and control group, 40 students with depressive symptoms, living in Tabriz, were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups of 20, tested and controlled. Subjects' depressive symptoms and emotional outcomes were assessed before and after the intervention. Mindfulness based on narrative group therapy intervention was performed on the experimental group in 16 sessions. The control group did not receive any intervention. The results of analysis of ANOVA showed that the process of intervention sessions of mindfulness program based on group narrative therapy improved depressive symptoms and emotional outcomes in students with depressive syndrome in the experimental group compared to the control group. According to the results of this study, a mindfulness based on narrative group therapy intervention program can be used as an effective intervention program to improve depressive symptoms and emotional outcomes in students with depressive syndrome. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - Examining the Dual Postmodernism Indicators in the Novel "Hast Ya
Soheila Asadi hesam ziaee hossein Mansoorian SorkhgaryehPostmodernism is the third period in the history of human thought. In this period, which spans the end of the 19th century to today, the creation of reality replaces the discovery of reality. Many contemporary story writers in Iran have also written this story style u MorePostmodernism is the third period in the history of human thought. In this period, which spans the end of the 19th century to today, the creation of reality replaces the discovery of reality. Many contemporary story writers in Iran have also written this story style under the influence of the works of the postmodern writers of the West. One of these writers is Sara Salar, who introduced her art as a post-modern writer in the novel "Hast Ya Nist" with elements such as denial of truth, skepticism, uncertainty, contradiction, giving originality to the reader's mind and passing the time while listing the postmodern elements in the novel or not. This research tries to provide a reasoned answer to this question:" Which postmodern elements did Sara Salar use more in this novel?" And what is her place among postmodern storytellers? In this research, the authors specifically defined the characteristics of postmodern stories and their categories using the analytical descriptive method, and the findings of the study showed that the change of perspective and uncertainty are the most important features of postmodernism in this novel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - The role of learning-styles incorporation in the enhancement of EFL learners' narrative writing ability: A revelation of mental processes using think aloud protocol
Nafiseh Moosavi Behdokht Mall-Amiri Hamid MarashiThis research tried to probe the effects of incorporating learners’ preferred learning styles in instructions on their narrative writing development and their mental patterns and imagination. 74 homogeneous secondary EFL learners were divided into three groups based on MoreThis research tried to probe the effects of incorporating learners’ preferred learning styles in instructions on their narrative writing development and their mental patterns and imagination. 74 homogeneous secondary EFL learners were divided into three groups based on their sensory styles of visual, auditory and tactile. The learners in the three groups were provided with instructions anchored to their learning styles. In the meantime, they were required to produce narrative writings on a number of topics in accordance with their course book. Prior to narrating, they had to think loudly and record their voices to reveal the approach and pattern they utilize for performing the required activities. Their voices were transcribed and later analyzed by the researchers for further investigations. The obtained results displayed a significant improvement in their writings as well as an ongoing progress of their thinking patterns. Furthermore, the data revealed the dominant mental approaches of top-down, considering the whole plot of the topic in advance, and bottom-up, considering the details prior to the entire story, used by the students. The study also displayed the positive impact of instruction on the improvement of learners’ narrative writing revealing their self-imaging of the plot with which they could narrate the given topics in accordance with their own life experiences and understanding. Manuscript profile
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