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Open Access Article
1 - Prediction of Banking Distress and Contagion of Crisis in the Banking Network (With Application of Linear and Non-Linear Hybrid Approach)
Ahmad Bidi Feraydoon Rahnamay Roodposhti Reza Gholami Jamkarani hamidreza kordlouie Morteza Baky HeskouiiThe present research aimed at prediction of banking disorder and contagion of crisis in the banking network is conducted by application of linear and non-linear hybrid approach. The present research method is of descriptive-survey, and practical in terms of objective. T MoreThe present research aimed at prediction of banking disorder and contagion of crisis in the banking network is conducted by application of linear and non-linear hybrid approach. The present research method is of descriptive-survey, and practical in terms of objective. Therefore, in order to attain this objective, firstly, banking system fragility index (BSFI) is reviewed as an early warning system in order to identify banking crisis, in four banking system sectors (specialized, commercial, private and credit institutions), and banking system fragility index is reviewed in the stated four sectors by applying linear and non-linear approaches by making use of data obtained during March 2016 until December 2020. Results of calculation of banking system fragility index in sub-sectors of the banking system indicate periods of high fragility of the banking system, in particular in January, February and March 2017, which might be due to effects of election. Furthermore, in December 2020, high risk-taking was observed in the banking system, arising from creation of a bubble, which represents a strong warning for future problems of the national banking system. Furthermore, during the review period, banking network is noticeably fragile. Notably, results of Granger linear causality test indicate two-sided causality between credit institutions and private banks, a one-sided causal relationship from private banks to specialized and commercial banks and also a one-sided causal relationship from specialized banks to commercial banks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - A New Approach For the Arrangement of the Resources Under Undetermined Jobs Sequence
M. T. Taghavifard H. R. DehnarseidiIn this paper, a new approach for the time arrangement of the resources and its applications ispresented. If sequence of jobs is neither deterministic nor controllable, then sequencing and schedulingissue will knot to the decision making under conflict and uncertainty t MoreIn this paper, a new approach for the time arrangement of the resources and its applications ispresented. If sequence of jobs is neither deterministic nor controllable, then sequencing and schedulingissue will knot to the decision making under conflict and uncertainty that has been addressed in thecontext of sequencing and scheduling models for the first time in here. Models created under theseconditions are named wariness models. In this paper, a general approach is presented for the solutionof such problems and moreover, a pessimistic-based method for solving the problems with the fixedresources arrangement is introduced. Anti-Akers-x algorithm has been propounded to determineidentical job sequences in an n × m environment to maximize Fmax. The wariness models complexity ischecked and then an application example is propounded from the wariness models and it was solvedusing Anti-Akers-x algorithm and the solution obtained was checked by the general method. Finally,Anti-Akers-x algorithm’s validation and verification are tested. It is concluded that: the relatedproblems must be solved by game theory and the presented schedule is able to solve this strongly NPhardproblems correctly and in reasonable time duration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - String cloud and domain walls with quark matter for plane symmetric cosmologicalmodel in bimetric theory
Pradyumn Kumar Sahoo Bivudutta Mishra -
Open Access Article
4 - Spin–lattice coupling in iron-pnictide superconductors: a model for possible continuous phase transition
Chinedu E Ekuma Ephriam O Chukwuocha Michael C Onyeaju -
Open Access Article
5 - Calculating formation range of binary amorphous alloys fabricated by electroless plating
Bangwei Zhang Shuzhi Liao Xiaolin Shu Haowen Xie -
Open Access Article
6 - Non-equilibrium phase transition in a two-species driven-diffusive model of classical particles
Mohammad Ghadermazi Farhad H. Jafarpour -
Open Access Article
7 - Cost-aware Topology Customization of Mesh-based Networks-on-Chip
Ali Ramezanzad Midia Reshadi -
Open Access Article
8 - A method for classifying oranges based on image processing and neural networks
Hassan Rashidi Faride Esmaili Mostafa Khojastehnazhand -
Open Access Article
9 - Euler-Lagrange equations and geometric mechanics on Lie groups with potential
Ali SuriAbstract. Let G be a Banach Lie group modeled on the Banach space, possibly infinite dimensional, E. In this paper first we introduce Euler-Lagrange equations on the Lie group G with potential and right invariant metric. Euler-Lagrange equations are natural extensions o MoreAbstract. Let G be a Banach Lie group modeled on the Banach space, possibly infinite dimensional, E. In this paper first we introduce Euler-Lagrange equations on the Lie group G with potential and right invariant metric. Euler-Lagrange equations are natural extensions of the geodesic equations on manifolds and Lie groups. In the second part, we study the geometry of the mechanical system of a rigid body with a fixed point in the gravitational field. This Mechanical systems is usually know as symmetric heavy top. Then we show that the extracted equations by this theory coincide with the known equations of heavy top. Finally, as an infinite dimensional example, we study the Camassa-Holm equations on Bott-Virasoro group at the presence of potential. Bott-Virasoro group is the product of the group of diffeomorphisms of the circle of Sobolev class by the real line and by a potential on a Lie group G we mean a differentiable function from G to the real line R. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Proactive multi-secret sharing scheme based on Lagrange interpolation and Chinese remainder theorem
Mohammad Ebrahim Ebrahimi Kiasari Abdolrasoul Mirghadri Nasrollah Pakniat Mojtaba NazariIn a proactive secret sharing scheme, a set of secrets are distributed among a set of participants in such a way that: 1) the participants’ shares could be renewed in certain time periods without the aid of the dealer, and 2) while some specific subsets of the par MoreIn a proactive secret sharing scheme, a set of secrets are distributed among a set of participants in such a way that: 1) the participants’ shares could be renewed in certain time periods without the aid of the dealer, and 2) while some specific subsets of the participants, called authorized subsets, are able to reconstruct the secrets, other subsets could not obtain any information about the secrets. To the best of our knowledge, there exists only one proactive multi-secret sharing scheme in the literature. This scheme can be considered as the combination of a well-known proactive (single) secret sharing scheme and the one-time-pad encryption system. This scheme is only weakly secure meaning that the disclosure or reconstruction of one of the secrets in this scheme would be lead to the disclosure of all the secrets. In addition to being weakly secure, this scheme reconstructs all the secrets at once and does not provide gradual reconstruction of the secrets. To solve these problems, we use Lagrange interpolation and the Chinese remainder theorem in this paper and propose a new proactive multi-secret sharing scheme. The proposed scheme is a strongly secure proactive multi-secret sharing scheme. It allows gradual reconstruction of the secrets in a predetermined order and provides verifiability using the intractability of discrete logarithm problem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Some properties of sums of weighted composition operators on the Fock space
Mahsa Fatehi Asma NegahdariLet H be a Hilbert space. For each f∈H, we define a multiplication operator M_φ by M_φ (f)=φf. Let φ be an entire function. For each f belongs to the Fock space F^2, the composition operator C_φ is defined by C_φ (f)=f∘φ. For entire func MoreLet H be a Hilbert space. For each f∈H, we define a multiplication operator M_φ by M_φ (f)=φf. Let φ be an entire function. For each f belongs to the Fock space F^2, the composition operator C_φ is defined by C_φ (f)=f∘φ. For entire functions ψ, φ and f∈F^2, the weighted composition operator C_(ψ,φ) on F^2 are given by C_(ψ,φ) (f)=ψ.(f∘φ). Let T be a bounded operator on H, the set W(T)={⟨Tf,f⟩:‖f‖=1} is called the numerical range of T. In this paper, we find the point spectrum of some operators C_(ψ_1,φ_1 )+C_(ψ_2,φ_2 ), when φ_1 and φ_2 have the some fixed point. Moreover, we obtain an invariant subspace for the operator (C_(ψ_1,φ_1 )+C_(ψ_2,φ_2 ) )^*. Then by these results, for compact operators C_(ψ_1,φ_1 ) and C_(ψ_2,φ_2 ), we find the spectrum of C_(ψ_1,φ_1 )+C_(ψ_2,φ_2 ). Then for φ_1 and φ_2 which have the some fixed point, we investigate the numerical range of C_(ψ_1,φ_1 )+C_(ψ_2,φ_2 ). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The relationship between financial deepening and economic growth in South-West Asia region
Zahra Afshari Hoda JafariIn this paper, the relationship between financial deepening and economic growth in 23 Countries Southwest Asia, which document the development prospects of Iran are considered during the period 2006-1990 has been investigated. First principles theoretical study and emp MoreIn this paper, the relationship between financial deepening and economic growth in 23 Countries Southwest Asia, which document the development prospects of Iran are considered during the period 2006-1990 has been investigated. First principles theoretical study and empirical studies was conducted and then the actual performance of the financial sector and economy of these countries studied and compared has been. More articles in Econometrics model study asserts and applying a combination of models are estimated. Finally, Vector of causality between the finance section and economic growth in the form of a combination of data reviewed is located. The results indicate a positive relationship between financial deepening and economic growth in these countries with the causality of economic growth towards financial deepening have. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Effect on economic growth in the banking sector and capital markets (the study of Islamic Conference member countries)
Taghi Torabi Mahdi Taghavi Mohammad NasiriAchieving long term and sustainable economic growth in any country is made possible by optimal mobilization and allocation of investment resources in the country's national economy. Extensive and efficient financial markets, in particular efficient capital markets, are MoreAchieving long term and sustainable economic growth in any country is made possible by optimal mobilization and allocation of investment resources in the country's national economy. Extensive and efficient financial markets, in particular efficient capital markets, are essential to achieve this goal. Market economy-based system at the macro level is established on four markets (product market, labor market, money market, and capital market) which among them, two markets (money market and capital market) are associated with the financial sector. The second coin of any country’s economy is its financial sector, which is in fact complementary to the real sector of the economy. The optimal performance of an economic system depends on two efficient, complementary, powerful, and supervised financial and real sectors. The collaboration of these two sectors is a necessary and sufficient prerequisite for an optimal economic system.In this study, the effects of banking sector and capital market on economic growth as well as a causal relationship between economic growth and capital market development and banking sector were investigated using the panel data model. The estimation result of the model indicated that during 1995 to 2014, stock market variables had insignificant negative effects on the production and economic growth of the study countries. In other words, according to these results, it could be stated that during the period in question, the stock market had no effect on the economic growth of these countries. In contrast, banking sector variables had significant positive effects on the productions and economic growth of these countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Investigating the causality direction between saffron cash and futures markets focusing on periods of boom and recession
Javad Ghiyasi Mohammadtaher AhmadiShadmehriInvestigating the causality between the futures and spot markets of a commodity is always an important question for market traders and policy makers. By launching financial derivatives including futures and options for saffron in Iranian commodity exchange since 1397, t MoreInvestigating the causality between the futures and spot markets of a commodity is always an important question for market traders and policy makers. By launching financial derivatives including futures and options for saffron in Iranian commodity exchange since 1397, this question has also been raised in the Iranian saffron market. The main purpose of this paper is to determine the causality between the spot and futures markets of saffron. The required data were obtained daily from the Iranian commodity exchange as well as the Saffron World database during June 2018 to November 2019 and analyze based on Granger causality test and generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models. The results show that, in general, there are no explicit causal direction, but by distinguishing between ascending and descending periods, it is clear that in the descending periods, absolutely, causality has been from futures market to spot market and in ascending periods, For some, causality has been from spot market to the futures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Illustrating the effects of information and communication technology on production in Mena's region countries with emphasis on Iran
محمدرضا شریف آزاده زهره جمشیدیDuring the last two decades, the importance of information andcommunication technology (ICT) in increasing countries theeconomic growth and productivity in different countries form of inter-country data has been more considered. Most of these studies have consider MoreDuring the last two decades, the importance of information andcommunication technology (ICT) in increasing countries theeconomic growth and productivity in different countries form of inter-country data has been more considered. Most of these studies have considered the positive impact of ICT on economic growth and productivity.Hence, regarding the multiple economic functions ofICT, the goal of this paper is to study ( the Uhansson-Usilius convergence growth test ), using Panal Data method while illustrating in the long-run production in Mena's Countries during 2000-2009 concerning the role of ICT; and also the long term relation between production and communication in Iran using data gathered during 1347-1386. Moreover, through Granger causality test, the existence of causality between ICT and production in mentioned countries and also Iran have been investigated. The results of estimated model in Mena's countries show that all estimated coefficients have the considered signs and are statisticallysignificant. In sample Mena's countries, the production elasticity of ICT, capital, labor and human capital have been respectively estimated approximately 0.0559, 0.2747, 0.467, 0.153. Also, in (R2) there is a one way causality from ICT to production at the significant level of s per cent. The results of estimated model of Iran also show that the related coefficients related to the expendituers of ICT capacity, capital, labor and human capital in long term are respectively 0.07689, 0.4045, 0.1646, 0.14288 and similar to Mena's countries there is a one way causality from ICT to production Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Sociological Explanation of the Effect of Social Capital on the Forms of Alienation among Adult Residents of Tehran
Seyede Masoomeh Ghafouri Kale Alireza Mohseni Tabrizi -
Open Access Article
17 - Assessing the Exchange Rate Fluctuation on Tehrans Stock Market Price: A GARCH Application
Maryam Khalili Araghi Meisam Mohazzab Pak -
Open Access Article
18 - The Causal Relationship between Government Revenue and Expenditure in Jordan
H. A. Al-Zeaud -
Open Access Article
19 - The Effects of Interest Rates Volatility on Stock Returns: Evidence from Bangladesh
D. Muktadir-Al-Mukit -
Open Access Article
20 - The Relationship between Automobile Add-on Features and Consumer Product Evaluation
S. A. A. Afjeh P. Fakhim GhasemzadehIn the present study the relationship between alignable/nonalignable add-ons and consumer evaluation of the base product has been investigated. Also the effect of knowledge as a moderating variable on this relationship was studied. The statistical population of this stu MoreIn the present study the relationship between alignable/nonalignable add-ons and consumer evaluation of the base product has been investigated. Also the effect of knowledge as a moderating variable on this relationship was studied. The statistical population of this study consists of Irankhodro customers located in Tehran and sampling was done using clustering sampling with multi-staged approach. Data was collected through 378 questionnaire and for data analysis Wilcoxon, Spearman correlation, Kolmorov-Smirnov and Friedman tests were performed. The results showed that alignable add-ons keep the inference level at the level of base product’s usual features and result in negative evaluation of the base product. In contrast non-alignable add-ons cause a general inference, so consumer’s attitude toward the add-on determines his/her attitude toward the base product. However, when consumer’s knowledge of the base product is high, he/she doesn’t utilize add-ons for evaluation. The present study was limited to one industry & product. Also, just one alignable/nonalignable add-on was provided for consumer evaluation. The effect of marketing mix and competitive factors on the relationship between add-ons and consumer evaluation weren’t investigated. Managers can provide free alignable add-ons and favorable nonalignable add-ons for consumers. Also, in providing add-ons, the consumers who have high knowledge of the base product should be avoided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - An overview of the jurisprudential principles of change and order in relation to the quality of the punishment of the enemy
Mohamadebrahim Mojahed Ahmad Abedini najaf abadi Javad PanjehpourReview:A brief look at the jurisprudential history of the debate We came across two promises of change and order. Because sometimes the evidence leads to the abandonment of the primary appearance and the removal of iodine from the main literal meaning, in which case the MoreReview:A brief look at the jurisprudential history of the debate We came across two promises of change and order. Because sometimes the evidence leads to the abandonment of the primary appearance and the removal of iodine from the main literal meaning, in which case the primary meaning is stagnant, and the word acquires a secondary meaning. Like the repeated repetition of the word "he" in the verse of Moharebeh. Another example is what has been said: Citing the two verses of expiation of oath and expiation of Hajj has made the above-mentioned cases optional in the case of the agent of Bahma, therefore, this word also has an optional meaning in the punishment of the enemy! Sheikh Tusi in his book Khalaf rejects this argument and says: But where there is atonement, there is a journey from fear to violence. Therefore, the analogy of "him" in expressing the four punishments to the expiation of swearing and Hajj is completely unjustified. As for the Sunni jurists, Shafi'i, Hanafi and Ahmad have considered the preferred word as the order, and Lee Malik has believed in the optional change which is related to the same word. In total, in the study, eight reasons were presented for preferring the promise of order over choice. As a result, Saeb's promise on how to apply the four punishments is order. In addition, reflection is inferred in the narrations of the chapter, these two promises do not have a substantial contradiction with each other, even the promise of change corresponds to the order and proportionality of the crime with the punishment. So the legitimacy of the promise of order is proved. It is worthwhile for the criminal legislator to try to amend Article 283 of the Penal Code, based on the promise of order. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Investigation the Effects of Macroeconomic Indices on Stock Returns with a Lag
دکتر زهرا پورزمانی دکتر علی روحی کیوان مام حمهThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship betweenmacroeconomic variables (inflation, growth of stock price index, employment rate,and Gross Domestic Product (GDP)) and stock returns in Tehran Security Exchange(TSE) between the period 1380 to 1387 MoreThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship betweenmacroeconomic variables (inflation, growth of stock price index, employment rate,and Gross Domestic Product (GDP)) and stock returns in Tehran Security Exchange(TSE) between the period 1380 to 1387, using the VAR modeling and Grangercausality tests. In this study, seasonal variables were collected and studied.The results showed that employment rate growth can not explain the stock returnsand the causality of any relationship between employment rate growth and stockreturns does not exist and only stock returns with a lag period is able to explainemployment rate growth.GDP with a lag period is able to explain the stock returns and the stock returnswith a lag period can also explain the GDP. The bi-causality relationship betweenstock returns and GDP, as being aware of either of them, the other variable can bepredicted.The stock return with tow lag periods is able to explain the inflation. The monocausalityrelationship between both from stock return to inflation, as being aware ofstock returns, the inflation can be predicted.Growth of stock price index with tow lag periods is able to explain the stockreturns and stock return with tow lag periods can also explain the growth of stockprice index. In addition, the mono-causality relationship between both from stockreturns to growth of stock price index, as being aware of stock return, the growth ofstock price index can be predicted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Determination the effective factors on the participation rate of exploiters in the implementation of rangeland management projects in Kojour, Nowshahr city
Jalal Mahmoudi Abbas Mahmoudi شعبانعلی غلامیThis study was aimed to determine the impact of social and economical factors on the participation rate of ranchers in rangeland management projects of Kojour in Nowshahr city. The research method was a survey-field study. The statistical population of the study include MoreThis study was aimed to determine the impact of social and economical factors on the participation rate of ranchers in rangeland management projects of Kojour in Nowshahr city. The research method was a survey-field study. The statistical population of the study included 54 ranchers in the pastures of Hamze Chal, Leman Sofla and Olia of Kojour, and the sample size was determined for 45 individuals based on Cochran formula and 28 of them collaborated in the research. Samples were selected by a simple random sampling method and the essential information was collected through a questionnaire. Data analysis was done by SPSSv19 using Pearson and Spearman's correlation coefficient, Spearman, and multivariate regression. The results of the research showed that the rate of participation in rangeland projects was high, but no significant correlation was observed between the age of respondents and the level of their education with the rate of participation in rangeland projects. Besides, there is a significant and positive correlation between the rate of income and the rate of participation in rangeland projects with a probability of more than 95% and there was a significant relationship between the level of trust in government promises and participation in rangeland projects. Regression analysis indicated that the variable of knowledge in rangeland management projects had a greater contribution in predicting the participation rate in rangeland management projects compared to other variables. Also, holding training-extension classes led to an increase in the motivation of participation and also raising problems and issues by experts and managers for rangeland projects caused to reduce the rate of participation in rangeland projects. According to the results of this study, increasing the awareness of ranchers, increasing the level of trust to the government, reducing problems, and increasing the income of ranchers can be suggested as a solution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Implementing monitoring range plans to improve their quantity and quality (Case study: Isfahan range management plans)
Vali ollah Raufi Rad Ghodratollah Heidari Reza ShojaeiThis study evaluated the implementation or non-implementation of predicted project of range plan in Isfahan province. Accordingly, first, the list of range management plans was prepared. Next, the list of predicted projects for each plan was extracted. Afterwa MoreThis study evaluated the implementation or non-implementation of predicted project of range plan in Isfahan province. Accordingly, first, the list of range management plans was prepared. Next, the list of predicted projects for each plan was extracted. Afterwards, quantity and quality of information and barriers to project implementation were determined by using the field visits of rangelands, interviews with experts and exploiters of rangelands. The results showed that the predicted projects of Range plans have not completely implemented (average 37/58%). In the meantime, the projects of water container, livestock wells, aqueducts and fountains and pile had the best condition and dry farming, direct seeding had the worst condition. Also The revise of the Range Management Plan, failure to provide banking facilities for projects, weakness monitoring projects, problems with the proximity of range allotments, no exit surplus livestock, venture capital for projects, formulates problems in range, and the lack of consent of plan executors were the most important technical, social and economic barriers. It seems that range plans do not have enough efficiency due to technical, social and economic problems. Therefore, they should be revised in this regard regarding multiuse of rangelands Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Comparison some of the mineral elements several species plant with the required level of Fashandi race ram (case study: Taleghan ranges)
Hossein Arzani mahmoud hamidian Hossein Azarnivand Mohammad Ali Zare ChahoukiIn this study concentration of five micro elements Fe, Cu, Zn, Co and Mn in eight species of rangeland forbs Prangus uloptera, Medicago sativa, Lotus goeblia, Trifolium montanum, Sanguisorba minor, Stachys inflate, Melilotus officinalis and Ferula ovina were Measurement MoreIn this study concentration of five micro elements Fe, Cu, Zn, Co and Mn in eight species of rangeland forbs Prangus uloptera, Medicago sativa, Lotus goeblia, Trifolium montanum, Sanguisorba minor, Stachys inflate, Melilotus officinalis and Ferula ovina were Measurement. The species sampled at three phenological stages, vegetative, flowering and seeding of random sampling was carried out in Rangeland Taleghan. To measure micro elements atomic absorption devices was used. For comparison of amounts elements with the required level ram of NRC2007 Table were used. The amount of the elements by using the t test with a fixed amount with the level of required ram was compared. The results showed that the amount Zn of most species at all phenological stages is less than the required level of ram, but the amount of Fe, Co, Mn and Co in all species studied at three phenological stage higher than is needed Fashandi race ram, and the amount achieved in all species and phenological stages significant difference in the levels of 99% and 95% with the level of is required in ram. According to the shortage of Zn use of mineral supplements for stay healthy dominant livestock area and reach the optimum level of livestock performance, are necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Assessing and Evaluation Financial of Krhpv Range Plan in of Ilam
mahmoud hamidian سعید طهماسبیانAbstractRange plans one of the main tools of the management and use of rangelands in Iran, thought improvement and correct use of rangeland in range plans, at fact, the first scientific and technical work at subject of Iran's Range Management, and correct implementation MoreAbstractRange plans one of the main tools of the management and use of rangelands in Iran, thought improvement and correct use of rangeland in range plans, at fact, the first scientific and technical work at subject of Iran's Range Management, and correct implementation improvement and development of projects rangeland require economic justification to accepted the scientific methods. Therefore, in this study, after collection statistics and information is necessary, using methods of engineering economics to assessing and economic evaluation Krhpv Range Plan, in of Ilam was studied. The results showed that the criterion net present value (NPV), with a interest rate 26 percent, with a positive net value. and at a interest rate 26/56 percent of the net value of equal to zero, And also benefit-cost ratio (BCR) the a interest rate 26 percent is greater than one and at the rate of 26/56 percent of is equal one. nternal Ration of Return plan (IRR) 26/56 percent and given the high rate of, Plan, nine years is economically feasible. according to the proper financial justification of the plan, Is better the assignment and implementation range plans to beneficiaries , procedure and policy be taken Until ranchers tend to have implementation plans and government, providing part of the costs, active participation in the have implementation range plans To the equation costs and benefits the desire to win more benefit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Identifying the consequences and preconditions of ranger farmers' participation in the implementation of rangeland plans in Guilan province
Mahnaz Mirakhorli Seyed Akbar Javadi Hossein ArzaniManagement The last decade of the twentieth century has come to an end while human society has been heavily involved in environmental problems and its dangers. One of the most important environmental challenges of the last two decades is the loss of the country's rangel MoreManagement The last decade of the twentieth century has come to an end while human society has been heavily involved in environmental problems and its dangers. One of the most important environmental challenges of the last two decades is the loss of the country's rangelands. Rangelands are important because they constitute an important part of renewable resources and still depend on the lives of a significant number of humans and animals. The statistical population of this study is rangeland owners in Guilan province. The total number of rangelands in Guilan province that have rangeland management plans is equal to 6 rangelands. The sample is equal to 5 rangeland owners. The data collection tool in this research is a questionnaire and to test the research hypotheses, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach have been used. The result of the research indicates the positive and significant effect of economic, social, psychological, attitudinal and educational factors on the participation of rangeland owners in the implementation of rangeland management projects. Also, the effect of ranchers 'participation in the implementation of rangeland management projects on rangeland health, increasing livestock production and farmers' satisfaction was positive and significant. Livestock and rangeland balance is one of the most important factors in the destruction of rangelands in Guilan, and until this issue is resolved, all efforts and measures to manage, improve and rehabilitate rangelands are useless or very ineffective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - An Investigation on the Physical, Anatomical and Fiber Biometrical Properties of Orange Wood (Citrus Spp.)
Ramin Vaysi Iman Khajeali This research was aimed to investigate on the physical, anatomical and fiber biometrical properties of orange wood (Citrus Spp.). For this purpose, six discs of orange wood (Citrus Spp.) trunk from the Tonkabon region were randomly chosen. The samples were prepare More This research was aimed to investigate on the physical, anatomical and fiber biometrical properties of orange wood (Citrus Spp.). For this purpose, six discs of orange wood (Citrus Spp.) trunk from the Tonkabon region were randomly chosen. The samples were prepared for measured fiber biometrical, physical and anatomical properties by using Franklin and ASTM standard test methods respectively. The results showed that wood of orange wood had semi-ring porous, vessels are pairs of 2-3 group's vessels with simple aperture. The parenchyma's were longitudinal and around the vessels. There were a lot of heterogeneous rays in orange wood. The average of the number and vessel diameter were 14 and 89.5, ray thickness 41.4, fiber length 734.1, Runkel coefficient 136, dry density 0.75gr/cm3, basic density0. 64 gr/cm3, shrinkage and porosity 16.5 % and 49.2% percent, respectively. The results also indicated that orange wood properties were very fit and same the hard woods. The results also pointed out that the above-mentioned of orange wood properties can to replace some or full of the raw material for production pulp and paper, fiber board, particle board and another wood composition boards in the wood and paper industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Comparison of artificial neural network and multivariate linear regression (MLR) models to predict cover percentage Artemisia aucheri from some soil properties
Mansoreh Kargar Zeynab JafarianSoil ecosystems management for different purposes requires accurate and quantitative understanding of the soil characteristics and their processes. This study was aimed to predict Artemisia aucheri cover though some soil physical and chemical properties in Vavsar rangel MoreSoil ecosystems management for different purposes requires accurate and quantitative understanding of the soil characteristics and their processes. This study was aimed to predict Artemisia aucheri cover though some soil physical and chemical properties in Vavsar rangeland, Kiasar, Mazandaran province. Random systematic sampling was used. Five transects with 100 m length and 10 plots 4 m2 on each transect were established. Then cover (%) of A. aucheri and 50 soil sample from 0-15 cm depth was estimated in each plot. Soil properties including soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, EC, water percentage, CaCo3 percentage, soil texture, and pH were measured. Data were divided in two series: a series for analysis including 70% of the data for and 30% for evaluation of customized models. Result showed that soil water, silt and sand percentages were the most important soil properties for prediction A. aucheri cover in the study area. Prediction of the statistical models in the study area resulted in mean error and root mean square error values of 0.25, 0.06 for ANN equation and 0.43, 0.12 for MLR, respectively. Therefore, the ANN model could provide superior predictive performance when was compared with MLR model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - The kinetic study of the AZo Dye Decolourisation by advanced oxidation process
Azam ALEBOYEH Hamid ALEBOYEH -
Open Access Article
31 - A Theoretical Investigation of Kinetics and Mechanism of Aza-Cope Rearrangement
M. R Zardoost S. A. Radati H. Davoudi M. R. Gholami H. Aghaei -
Open Access Article
32 - Nitromethane - Methyl Nitrite Rearrangement: The Seising of Discrepancy between Theory and Experiment
Jamshid Najafpour -
Open Access Article
33 - Presentation of the Soft-Core Double Yukawa Potential for Noble Gasses using in sillico
Soheila Ghaderi Fariba Sadat Hashemi Ladan Mokhbersafa -
Open Access Article
34 - Spatial layout of historic houses with social and cultural contexts * (Case study: Kashan historical houses)
Vahid Mirzaei Hasan sajadzadeh Nasim KhanluThe main purpose of this study is to measure the depth index and its relationship with socio-cultural logic that is used in the software (Ucl depth map) to model 10 historical houses in Kashan to study the components of total depth, relative depth and average spatial ar MoreThe main purpose of this study is to measure the depth index and its relationship with socio-cultural logic that is used in the software (Ucl depth map) to model 10 historical houses in Kashan to study the components of total depth, relative depth and average spatial arrangement index for the whole building. In order to investigate the role of location of house components in improving performance efficiency, the depth index in these houses (Razzaqian, Abrishamchi, Almasi, Rezvanian, Fakhrehi, Mozaffari, fish water, Adel, Lajevardi, Bahi) in improving performance efficiency is studied. Takes. Findings showed that the spatial value is in line with the socio-cultural logic of Iranian-Islamic architecture in Kashan in relation to the system depth index. From the results of the diagrams, it is clear that in seven samples of the ten houses studied (Bahi, Mozaffari and Razzaqian, Abrishamchi, Almasi, Adel), In relation to three-door or five-door, it is observed that in the mentioned houses, this space is present in a relatively large number (more than two spaces), secondly, it does not have a fixed position in terms of depth and its position is different in each house. . Based on the results of this study, it was observed that the houses in the area, in general, have a shallow depth and its spatial hierarchy is not very complex and there are similar socio-cultural meanings in each house and the houses have a central core of the yard. It is the center of server and client areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Analysis of influential social components in the architectural spatial arrangement Vernacular houses in the villages of Sarab city
Mohammad Golmohammadi Mohammad Edalatkhah Akbar Abdolahzadeh TarafThe present study was written with an applied-developmental goal according to the descriptive-analytical research method. After statistical and quantitative analysis to identify strategies, the qualitative method was used in accordance with the combination-chain method. MoreThe present study was written with an applied-developmental goal according to the descriptive-analytical research method. After statistical and quantitative analysis to identify strategies, the qualitative method was used in accordance with the combination-chain method. Field studies were conducted with purposeful interviews, preparation of plans and imaging. The researcher-made questionnaire was sent to the statistical community in two stages. After collecting the questionnaires, using fuzzy Delphi technique, it was confirmed in two steps. Then, by modeling structural equations in SmartPLS software, the significance of the criteria was confirmed. Then, with BWM model, the criteria were ranked in SPSS and Matlab software. As a result, the security factor with a score of 0.436 was ranked first, the spatial privacy factor with a score of 0.321 was ranked second, and the existence of necessary facilities for social interactions with a score of 0.243 was ranked third. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Feasibility study of minimal housing plans and policies with emphasis on Territorial Spatial Arrangement approach (Case study: East Azerbaijan province)
Masome Aftabi Chovan Ali Panahi Reza ValizadehEmphasizing comprehensive and systematic approaches in housing planning and policy-making is an inevitable necessity. Given the importance of housing planning for low-income groups based on comprehensive approaches, the purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility MoreEmphasizing comprehensive and systematic approaches in housing planning and policy-making is an inevitable necessity. Given the importance of housing planning for low-income groups based on comprehensive approaches, the purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility of minimal housing programs and policies, with emphasis on territorial spatial arrangement approach in East Azerbaijan province. The research method in the present study is mixed (combination of qualitative-quantitative approaches), applied purpose and descriptive-analytical nature. Also, the statistical population of the study includes managers, officials and experts in the field of housing, which the sample size is estimated using the Delphi method and purposive sampling of 200 people. In order to analyze the research information, the partial least squares method has been used in Smart-pls software. The results show that the land management approach in minimal housing programs and policies in East Azerbaijan province has not been fully and comprehensively implemented. The main reasons for the impracticability of the territorial spatial arrangement approach in minimal housing programs and policies of the province in the province can be the lack of population stabilization and preventing further immigration to the capital of Tabriz, the involvement of brokers (lack of proper government intervention) in land and housing pricing and rents in cities and taxes He also pointed to vacant houses and the lack of accurate and intelligent identification of low-income groups (first to fourth deciles) and the lack of formation of special credit funds to facilitate the receipt and repayment of facilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - The Geomorphology of Darangir playa
R. Noujavan H. SadoughEvery kind of Geomorphological Landscapes has a basic roll in regionaldevelopment.In Yazd province using every kind of land use projects withought consideringplaya's landscape can't Complot the chain of it's development and Constraction,because. The playa's landscape is MoreEvery kind of Geomorphological Landscapes has a basic roll in regionaldevelopment.In Yazd province using every kind of land use projects withought consideringplaya's landscape can't Complot the chain of it's development and Constraction,because. The playa's landscape is one of the basic. Units of morphotectonic. In thisprovince. (Siah Kooh playa – Abar kooh playa Daranjir- Harat and marvast playa's andSaghand playa and….)Finding away for using, Landuse projects has a special roll in regional developmentAnd researching and recognizing this landscapes is one of the basic part of landuseproject in this province.Among of these playa's , Daranjir or bafgh playa is the thired playa (From the pointof area viwes) which it's shape like a hole (North – west to south – east).It's placed between kharanagh and bafgh. Which is in east of Yazd province.In this paper. Which is provide in base of Analytical Methodes and using a numberof digital dataes, in GIS Frame work, We can recognized different geomorphologicalaspects of this region and it's potential. In five surfaces (Convex, Concave – traces andun sustainability wind surfaces) and Conclude that: Knowing the paleo and dinamysmgeomorphology Of this region.Has an important roll in Document of Development sterategy Frame work .Because of the result of this researches. Salinization process is active in Daranjirplaya now (We can see it's effects on different part of playa).There are some Evidence of active Tectonic in the south – west of this region andanalysis of drainages show anticidence conception too.Because of above Conclusion and several other limitations we can say this region isnot suitable for development in tourism Field.The main axes of development in this area can be concentrated on mine activitiesespecially. Rare metals element which is deposite in playa Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Develop a Comprehensive Model for Organizing Agricultural Extension with a Chaos Theory Approach
Marziyeh Bordbar faezeh hashemi Seyed Mahmood Hosseini Mohammad ChizariThis survey aimed to study comprehensive model of organizing agricultural extensions with the approach of chaos theory. This is the first attempt on improving agricultural extension in Iran using the chaos theory. The target population was the agricultural specialists o MoreThis survey aimed to study comprehensive model of organizing agricultural extensions with the approach of chaos theory. This is the first attempt on improving agricultural extension in Iran using the chaos theory. The target population was the agricultural specialists of Jihad organizations in Fars province of Iran. 186 agricultural specialists were selected using a whole number method. A questionnaire was developed using fixed - choice questions. The validity of the instrument was established using an expert panel. A pilot study was conducted to determine the reliability of the questionnaire used for the study. The Cronbach’s alpha, Average variance extracted and Composite Reliability were calculated, and all were approved. The statistical analysis applied the structural equation modeling, with SPSS ver.16 and smart PLS software. From the results, the chaos theory together with its indicators explained 37% variance for extension agents, 22% variance for extension and educational activities, 31% variance for management and organizational extension, 21% variance for extension and educational infrastructure, 18% variance for mass media education, 11% variance for extension credit, and 22% variance for extension communications. Obviously, the most explained variances were those for the extension agents and management and organizational extension. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - NEW METHODS BASED ON STABILITY VERSUS CHANGES FOR EFFICIENT DECISION MAKING UNITS IN DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS
Sorena Jafarigorzin Iraj Asadi Talooki Ahmad Mirzanezhad -
Open Access Article
40 - Determining Long-term Memory using Hurst Index for Precipitation and Discharge Time Series of Selected Stations in Ardabil Province
Raoof Mostafazadeh Vahideh Moradzadeh Nazila Alaei Zeinab HazbaviBackground and Aim: Ecosystems disturbances induced from social factors affect the environmental changes, temperature, evapotranspiration, runoff production and flow rate. In this regard, Hurst index has been used to analyze changes in hydrological processes due to vari MoreBackground and Aim: Ecosystems disturbances induced from social factors affect the environmental changes, temperature, evapotranspiration, runoff production and flow rate. In this regard, Hurst index has been used to analyze changes in hydrological processes due to various factors. The Hurst index is known as an important feature for analyzing hydrological effects. One of the most appropriate tests for long-term memory detection is the rescaling range (R/S) test. The R/S test makes it possible to calculate the self-similarity parameter H (Hurst), which measures the severity of long-term dependence over a time series. Towards this, the present study was conducted to determine the long-term memory using Hurst index for precipitation and discharge time series throughout some selected stations in Ardabil Province, NW Iran.Method: In the present study, long-term memory for annual precipitation and discharge time series (1991-2013) in 17 rain gauges stations and28 river gauge stations in Ardabil Province was assessed. The Hurst index computational values were classified into five categories from very weak to very strong in terms of dependency and scale of instability in the time series. Spatial correlation analysis of Hurst index was performed using Moran index. The Hurst index values were then interpolated by the inverse weighted distance (IDW) method in Arc Map 10.8.Results: The results showed that the among 17 study stations, 23.53, 29.41, 17.65, and 23.53% respectively were classified in the stability scale of very weak (0.50<H<0.55), relatively weak (0.55<H<0.65), relatively strong (0.65<H<0.75), and strong (0.75<H<0.80). Meanwhile, only 5.88% including Shamsabad station were classified as very weak (0.45<H<0.55) in terms of instability scale. According to the analysis of 28 hydrometric stations, 25, 50, and 21.42% were respectively relatively weak, relatively strong, and strong, and 3.58% were very weak on the instability scale, respectively. In the meantime, only the Amuqin Station was categorized with very poorly scale. According to the results of Hir, KoozehTapraghi, Shamsabad and Ahmadkandi rain gauge stations, a positive value of Moran index was found indicating similar values in terms of location. In the other stations, the Moran index values are negative, inficating non-similar valuses and no clusters were formed. The results of clustering in hydrometric stations showed that Iril Station was in the high-high clusters and the Atashgah Station was classified in the low-low clusters and positive values of Moran index. The rest of the study stations did not form specific clusters.Conclusion: The results showed that the Hurst index was obtained for the rainfall stations with an average of 0.64 and a standard deviation of 0.11. The Hurst index was also obtained in hydrometric stations with an average of 0.74 and a standard deviation of 0.12. In general, the range of Hurst index values and its spatial variations on annual precipitation data showed that precipitation values in the study period are not stable. Spatial changes of the mentioned indicators showed that there is a clear difference between different regions of the province in terms of stability of precipitation and discharge. However, according to the box diagram, amplitude of changes and spatial distribution of stations with strong and relatively strong stability, most stations located in the central part of the province have stability in discharge values, which can indicate the continuation of water currents and the occurrence of maximum discharges. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - The Effect of Ultrasound on the Bioactive Compounds of Essential Oil Extracted from the Peel of Orange Thomson Cultivar
Elham Azarpazhooh Parvin Sharayei Shahin Zomorodi Hedieh Yazdanfar Soodabeh SharayeiIntroduction: In recent years, the use of citrus peel essential oil as a natural preservative in foods has been widely considered. There are several methods to extract the essence oil of orange peel, one of which is the use of ultrasound. The objective of this study was MoreIntroduction: In recent years, the use of citrus peel essential oil as a natural preservative in foods has been widely considered. There are several methods to extract the essence oil of orange peel, one of which is the use of ultrasound. The objective of this study was to evaluate the extraction conditions of essential oil by ultrasound method from the peel of Thompson cultivar using the response surface methodology. Materials and Methods: Independent variables included ultrasound intensity, time and process temperature at three levels of 20, 60 and 100%, 5, 10 and 15 min and 25, 35 and 45 ͦ C were studied, respectively. Efficiency of extraction, total phenolic compounds, DPPH and inhibitory of orange peel essential oils against Aspergillus niger fungus were determined. Results: The optimal conditions for extracting the essential oil of orange peel were sonication intensity 60%, processing time and temperature of 19 min and 35 °C respectively. At this optimum condition, efficiency of extraction, phenolic compounds and DPPH value of the orange peel essential oils were 13.09%, 42.16 mg/100g and 55%, respectively. The experimental values were in a good agreement with the predicted values. Also, at the optimal conditions, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the orange peel essential oils was 18.5 mm and potassium sorbate was 18.3 mm. Therefore, orange peel essential oil at a concentration equal to potassium sorbate (1000 mg/ml) has antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger. Conclusion: The present study revealed that the essential oil of orange peel has a potential source of active ingredients like polyphenols that are well-known for their antioxidant properties. Ultrasound extraction is an effective technique for extraction of these compounds. Also orange peel essential oil can be used in foods instead of chemical and synthetic antioxidants and preservatives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Investigate the Antioxidant Properties of Orange Peel Essential Oil (Citrus sinesis) on the Stability of Soybean Oil During Storage Conditions
B. Dehghan R. Esmaeilzadeh Kenari Z. Raftani AmiriIntroduction: The aim of this study is to investigate the type and amount of phenolic compounds in orange peel essential oil as a source of natural antioxidant and its effect on the oxidative stability of soybean oil. Materials and Methods: The compounds in orange peel MoreIntroduction: The aim of this study is to investigate the type and amount of phenolic compounds in orange peel essential oil as a source of natural antioxidant and its effect on the oxidative stability of soybean oil. Materials and Methods: The compounds in orange peel essential oil were determined using GC / MS. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the method of iron regeneration test and DPPHand then the essential oil in four different concentrations (2%, 5%, 10% and 20%) and the synthetic antioxidant TBHQ in the permissible range (0.01%) were added to soybean oil. Finally, the peroxide and thiobarbituric acid and conjugate diene values were determined. Results: D-Limonene was the predominant compound in orange peel essential oil. One gram of essential oil of orange peel contains 0.16 mg phenolic compounds based on dry galic acid. According to DPPH and regenerative power, orange peel essential oil showed antioxidant activity, although it was less active than TBHQ. Based on the oven test results as the concentration of essential oil is increased, higher antioxidant activity was observed. There was no significant difference between 5% and 10% concentrations based on the statistical tests, but with an increase in concentration up to 20%, the essential oil was acting as pro-oxidant (P <0.05). The result indicated that essential oil had the highest antioxidant activity at 5% concentration. Conclusion: The result indicated that the essential oil of orange peel had stabilising effect on soybean oil during thermal conditions as compared to control sample (P <0.05). Therefore, it might be employed as a natural antioxidant in foods, particularly those containing edible oils. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - investigation of land cover changes using remote sensing technique (Case study: Katalan unit)
Maryam Nazemi jalal Marzieh Alikhah-Asl Elham ForootanBackground and Objective: Updated and correct information is necessary for using and optimized managing of a land. Land cover map is one of the most important information resources in natural resource management. The goal of this research is to provide Katalan land cove MoreBackground and Objective: Updated and correct information is necessary for using and optimized managing of a land. Land cover map is one of the most important information resources in natural resource management. The goal of this research is to provide Katalan land cover map for investigating land use changes during 12 years in this area. Material and Methodology: For this purpose, satellite images such as Landsat ETM 2001 and OLI 2013 were used after performing necessary corrections whereas; GPS and topographic maps were implemented for surveying fields and gathering trained samples. Land cover maps were provided using supervised classification method with maximum likelihood algorithm. Findings: The results of this study revealed that the study area comprises six classes viz. irrigated farm land, rainfed farm land, bare land, rock stone, range land and mine class. The overall accuracy and kappa coefficient for 2013 map were estimated 86.11% and 0.82, respectively and theses values for 2001 land use map were 78.26%, and 0.71, respectively. Discussion and Conclusions: The results of this research revealed that the class of farm land, bare land and range land were increased 1.84%, 1.29%, and 1.21%from 2001 to 2013, and the class of rock stone and rainfed farmland were decreased 5.09%, and 0 .62%, respectively. Also, there was not mine class in 2001 but this class was 1.36% equivalent to 49.3939 hectare of the whole area in 2013. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Optimizing the Building Location Arrangement in Urban Block, in order to Achieve Heat Mitigation of Yards in Tehran
Zahra Zamani شاهین حیدری پیروز حناچیBackground and Objective: Since modifying the outdoor condition has an impact on the indoor conditions, the objective of the present research is how to create the microclimate in the vicinity of the urban block. So this study shows that if the arrangement of the locatio MoreBackground and Objective: Since modifying the outdoor condition has an impact on the indoor conditions, the objective of the present research is how to create the microclimate in the vicinity of the urban block. So this study shows that if the arrangement of the location of the buildings and yards in an urban block is changed in the form of central courtyard, the microclimate will be achieved. At the end the proposed urban block will be compared with actual urban block. Method: analysis method is simulation method with Envi-Met software. Findings: according to the simulation results in central courtyard and three sided courtyard in urban block under study and comparing them with the temperature in the lateral street in the same time frame, the temperature of the courtyard in hottest time of the day was 4.1 °C less than that of the street and three sided courtyard was 3.02 °C less than the street. Moreover, comparing the results of the one sided yard in actual urban block showed that approximately the temperature of the yard was as the same as the street. Discussion and Conclusion: This study concluded that the central courtyard and the three sided courtyard in proposed urban block can act as a microclimatic modifier. Future research can improve the microclimatic role of the proposed urban block with water and plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Spatial distribution mapping of common yarrow (Achilla millefolium and thyme (Thymus kotschianus) using artificial neural network (Case study: Donna rangelands, Mazandaran province)
Zeinab Bahrein Zeinab Jafarian Maryam ShokriBackground and Objective:The purpose of this study was to map the spatial distribution of common yarrow(Achilla millefolium)and thyme (Thymus kotschianus) using artificial neural network model in rangelands Donna, Mazandaran Province. Method:Sampling was carried out wi MoreBackground and Objective:The purpose of this study was to map the spatial distribution of common yarrow(Achilla millefolium)and thyme (Thymus kotschianus) using artificial neural network model in rangelands Donna, Mazandaran Province. Method:Sampling was carried out with equal random classification in 29 homogenous units. In each unit, 3 soil samples were harvested from depth of 0-30 cm. In this study, 20 environmental factors were the independent variables and the presence of plant species were the dependent variable. For the preparation spatial distribution map of the species, environmental data were converted to maps in GIS. Then each of these factors was classified using the frequency. In this research, network Multilayer Perceptron that is the most common feed forward neural network was used. Optimal structure for the network was determined 1, 20, and 20. Then distribution maps of studied species were prepared with 4 class absence and low presence, medium presence and high presence in the GIS software. Models were evaluated using ROC curves and Kappa coefficient. Findings:AUC were 96.8 and 84.7 for the species Achilla millefolium and Thymus kotschianus was, respectively that indicates models are excellent or very good for the prediction. Discussion and Conclusion: Also kappa coefficient were calculated as 89.0 and 76.0 for Achilla millefolium and Thymus kotschyanus, respectively which indicate very good and good prediction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Producing Rangeland Capability Map Using Multi Criteria Evaluation Methods in Different Risk and Trade-off Levels (Case study: Plasjan Sub-Basin)
Vahid Rahdari Alireza Soffianian Saeid Pormanafi Hamid Ghayomi Mohammadi Saeideh MalekiBackground and objective: Rangelands are important ecosystems with diverse functions in the land that are at risk of destruction. The purpose of this research is to evaluate and determine the areas with potential to carry out rangeland activities under the Plasjan wat MoreBackground and objective: Rangelands are important ecosystems with diverse functions in the land that are at risk of destruction. The purpose of this research is to evaluate and determine the areas with potential to carry out rangeland activities under the Plasjan watershed. Material and methods: By reviewing the sources and by Delphi method, the criteria, sub-criteria and limitations of the study were determined. The weights of the criteria were calculated by hierarchical analysis (AHP) method and the layer maps were standardized using fuzzy proportional functions. The rangeland rangeability of the area was determined using multi-criteria assessment (MCE) and with weighted linear combination (WLC) models and weighted sorted averaging (OWA) with medium risk and compensatory capability. Findings: Rangeland capability maps were produced in 6 classes from without range capability to with very high range capability classes. Results have shown in the WLC model, 69249 and in OWA model, 54589 hectares were related to very high capability class. Sparse rangeland in WLC and OWA models, repeatedly with 22981 and 19187 hectares had highest portion in range land capability maps. Discussion and conclusions: Results of this study have shown in WLC model due to high rate of trade-off in comparison of designed OWA model, wider area considers in high and very high range capability class that is related to major area functions that are water reservation and Animal husbandry. This study has shown importance of vegetation characters, land shape and soil character for determining rangeland capability of an area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Variation of Plant Functional Groups in Relation to Fire in Semi-Steppe Rangelands of Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari Province
Elham Banihashemi Ali asghar NaghipourBackground and Objective: Understanding of how plants respond to a fire is essential to predict the characteristics and distribution of many ecosystems. This research is aimed at identifying, classifying and analyzing plant functional traits that can be used as a means MoreBackground and Objective: Understanding of how plants respond to a fire is essential to predict the characteristics and distribution of many ecosystems. This research is aimed at identifying, classifying and analyzing plant functional traits that can be used as a means for determining changes in plant communities through the fire at various time intervals. Method: The present study was conducted in the Karsanak region in Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari province. Six sites with one and five years after the last fire were selected. A stratified random sampling was used. In each plot, after identifying the existing species, the percentage of the cover of each species was estimated and the plant characteristics were measured. Findings: The results showed that vegetative traits such as plant height, production, SLA leaf area index, leaf area and leaf dry weight, composition of Gramineae species, herbaceous plants and shrub, the percentage of plants with class of II and III palatability, percentage of species composition with form of Hemicryptophyte and chamaephyte had a significant difference in fire and control areas. According to Principal Component Analysis, the most effective of trait were SLA leaf area index, palatability of class II, the leaf length, Hemicryptophytes, forbs and long of the leaf which had a direct relationship with five-year fire and one year fire. Discussion and Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that plant traits play an important role in determining the response of plant species to environmental disturbances and hence can influence the process of the post-fire rangeland secondary sequence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Evaluation of land capability for developing Agriculture and Range management (Case Study: Tajyar dam basin in East Azerbaijan Province)
Marzieh Alikhah-Asl Nafiseh Rezapoor AndabiliBackground and Objective: In the present era that a variety of changes in the natural environment has been created, we are obliged to plan and manage land on the basis of the actual and potential of study areaʼs land to achieve sustainable development. The aim of this s MoreBackground and Objective: In the present era that a variety of changes in the natural environment has been created, we are obliged to plan and manage land on the basis of the actual and potential of study areaʼs land to achieve sustainable development. The aim of this study is to evaluate the ecological potential for agriculture, range management and determine the consistency of current account agriculture, range management with ecological potential users of this area.Material and Methodology: In this research, first by looking at the different sources and standards, criteria and sub-criteria were selected. The main criteria used in this study include: Soil maps, geology, topography, climate, vegetation, water and land use. Then, layers were evaluated by designing and distributing questionnaires and were weighed by AHP and binary comparison matrix. Finally, all the layers were combined using a weighted linear combination method and the final ecological map can be obtained.Findings: In the final map for the development of agriculture and pasture lands that were taken in 1394, there is not classes 1, 2 and 7of agriculture - range management applications in the final map of these users because the topography, over the rest of the criteria limits the possibility of the agricultural grade 1 and 2 in the study area and from the perspective of range management standards, to the 3rd floor can be seen in the study area. Agricultural Grade 3 is the highest with 31.9% and pasture Grade 3 is the lowest with 11.5% of the land proportion .Discussion and Conclusion: The findings suggest that the combination of AHP and GIS has a high potential for ecological capability evaluation of land for agricultural - range management applications and given that Tajyar dam basin has the potential to develop agricultural activities and pasture In case of exploitation in line with the ecological, local people will be benefited from the effects of the economic expansion of these activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Studying the Effects of Rangeland Conversion to Agricultural on the Chemical and Physical Soil Properties (Case study: Gonbad Area, Hamadan Province)
Davoud Akhzari Sajjad AhmadiBackground and Objective: Destruction of land due to land use change in arid and semi-arid areas has endangered sustainable land use. This research was carried out to investigate the effect of rangeland use change to agriculture and study the physical-chemical propertie MoreBackground and Objective: Destruction of land due to land use change in arid and semi-arid areas has endangered sustainable land use. This research was carried out to investigate the effect of rangeland use change to agriculture and study the physical-chemical properties of soil in Gonbad area of Hamedan province. Method: In this study, 6 soil samples were prepared from soil surface according to the type of land use change. After removing soil samples and preparing samples, some physicochemical properties of soil including Acidity, Electrical Conductivity, Silt, Clay, Gravel, Nitrogen, Potassium, Sodium, Organic Matter, Calcium and Magnesium were measured. In this research, Soil Texture was determined by hydrometric boiling, Acidity and Electrical Conductivity, using pH meter and EC meter, Organic Oatter using Walkley-Black, Calcium and Magnesium by titration, Sodium and Potassium using flame photometer and Nitrogen were measured by Kjeldahl method. Findings: After analyzing, it was determined that the change in the use of rangeland to agriculture caused a significant decrease in Acidity and Potassium at 5% and Organic Matter at 1% level. Average Nitrogen content in agricultural was 0.18% and in rangeland was 0.9% (p<0.01). There was no significant difference in Soil Texture components, Electrical Conductivity, Sodium, Calcium and Magnesium with land use change. The amounts of Silt, Sodium, Calcium and Magnesium in rangelands were more than agriculture area. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the land use change causes changes in the chemical and physical properties of the soil. One of the most important changes was soil texture alteration caused by selective soil erosion.The results of this research showed the necessity of paying more attention to the development of land management and land use planning programs according to the capabilities of the studied area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Determining the efficiency of farmers with emphasis on proper management of chemical input consumption and environmental effects (Case study of beet growers in Ghaen city)
elahe Ahani Hamid Mohammadi وحید دهباشی Alireza Sarghazi S.Mohammad Jafari EsfahaniBackground and Objective: Sugar beet, as one of the important sources of energy supply, plays an important role in food security of society. Therefore, the optimal use of agricultural inputs in the production of this product, in addition to increasing productivity and r MoreBackground and Objective: Sugar beet, as one of the important sources of energy supply, plays an important role in food security of society. Therefore, the optimal use of agricultural inputs in the production of this product, in addition to increasing productivity and reducing production costs, leads to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and reducing the negative impact of improper consumption of agricultural inputs on the environment. Finds. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to determine the efficiency range of farmers based on the use of agricultural inputs in an optimistic-pessimistic framework, and analyze the environmental effects of input consumption. Material and Methodology: Information needed to conduct research was collected through interviews and completing 48 questionnaires among sample beet growers in Ghaen city in the 99-98 crop year. Findings: The average efficiency of farmers in the output-input mode was equal (0.7011, 1.7606) and the average efficiency of farmers (0.427, 0.0352) was calculated. The results show that 42.7% of the product is produced per unit consumption. Also, the average amount of inputs such as: seed consumption, phosphate fertilizer, nitrogen and toxins in the production of sugar beet, respectively, is estimated at 3.370, 54.2, 139.70 and 2.523 kg / ha. The amount of carbon dioxide emitted due to the production of sugar beet and the consumption of essential inputs such as: nitrogen fertilizer, and seed consumption, the toxin is 1480.73, 984.65, 1.53, 11.49 kg / ha, respectively. According to the results, nitrogen fertilizer has the greatest environmental impact. Discussion and conclusion: In the production of sugar beet, different types of inputs are used, which in addition to increasing the yield, also have an environmental effect. Therefore, by informing farmers through their presence and participation in extension classes and also by educating farmers about the proper management and consumption of chemical inputs, the harmful effects of their overuse in the production process can be prevented. Brought. In order to reduce the biological and protective effects, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and replace livestock and organic fertilizers by producers and policy makers should be considered. Also, review the implementation of subsidy reduction policies and the realization of the price of chemical fertilizers and consumer inputs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Optimization of Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Orange Production Using Data Envelopment Analysis and Genetic Algorithms (Case Study: Dezful Province)
fatemeh sabzalipour hossein bagherpourBackground and Objective: Saving on inputs, preservation of fossil fuels and decreasing air pollution are the advantages to using energy efficiently. The purpose of this study was to optimize energy inputs and greenhouse gas emissions of o MoreBackground and Objective: Saving on inputs, preservation of fossil fuels and decreasing air pollution are the advantages to using energy efficiently. The purpose of this study was to optimize energy inputs and greenhouse gas emissions of orange product in Dezful County, with two methods of data envelopment analysis and multi-objective genetic algorithm optimization techniques.Material and Methodology: Data from 60 farmers were randomly collected through face-to-face interviews and a questionnaire during the year 2016 and using two methods of data envelopment analysis and multi-objective genetic algorithm were analyzed.Findings: Regarding the results of data envelopment analysis technique based on fixed and variable return scale models and input-axis measurement, technical efficiency, net technical efficiency and scale efficiency were calculated to be 0.95, 0.98 and 97%. The results of optimization of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions by using data envelopment analysis showed that about 4.36% of orange energy has storage potential, that chemical fertilizers and diesel fuel have the highest amount of stored energy of all stored energy. Data envelopment analysis can reduce 34.38 kg of carbon dioxide per hectare from greenhouse gas emissions in orange crops. The results of the genetic algorithm showed that if all inputs were completely optimized, it could reduce the energy consumption of orange production in the study area by 26.1%. Also, the energy input for ideal orange production system could be 32810.6 MJ per ha.Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it is recommended to use of new machines and encourage farmers to conduct soil tests before using of fertilizer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Effect of Different Grazing Intensities on Diversity and Plants Cover Composition in Semi-Arid Grazing (Case study: Mohammad Abad, Jiroft)
Ehsan Kamali Maskooni Adeli Behzad Iraj AmiriBackground and Objective: It is necessary to be aware of the destructive factors in the ecosystem. These factors cause shelter and biomass destruction, thus decreasing species diversity. Livestock over grazing is one of the most physical destructive pressures on rangela MoreBackground and Objective: It is necessary to be aware of the destructive factors in the ecosystem. These factors cause shelter and biomass destruction, thus decreasing species diversity. Livestock over grazing is one of the most physical destructive pressures on rangeland that leads to a decrease in diversity and vegetation elements. The aim of this study has been conducted to investigate the effect of different grazing intensities on the diversity and richness of plant species in the semi-arid rangelands of Mohammad Abad area of Jiroft, Kerman Province, Iran. Method: We selected 3 sites that included light, moderate and heavy grazing intensities. Sampling was performed using 90 plots (2 m2) along 18 transects. The list of specie, canopy coverage and number of individuals per species were recorded for each sampling unit. To evaluate diversity and richness of the plant species, Margalef and Menhing richness indices, and Simpson, Shannon, Hill N0 and Hill N1 diversity indices were calculated. SPSS software was applied for data analysis. Comparison of different indices of diversity and richness among study sites was performed by the Tukey test. Findings: The results of Margalef richness index showed significant differences between all grazing sites. No significant difference existed in the Menhing richness index of different grazing categories (p<0.01). Results of calculations of diversity indices for Simpson, Shannon, Hill N0 and Hill N1 showed that there were significant difference (p<0.01) between all grazing sites. Discussion and Conclusion: Generally, diversity and species richness indices due to low rainfall and placement in the semi-arid region are relatively low in the case study. Therefore, because of the sensitive and fragile nature of these types of rangelands in the operation, we should pay more attention to prevent further destruction and amended the composition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Soundscape Assessment of Naghshe-Jahan Square in Isfahan via Analysis of Sound Source Frequency Domain
abbas ghaffari nasrin mohsen haghighi Mohsen DadkhahBackground and Objective: Soundscape as one of the non-visual aspects of urban landscape requires assessment and redesign that needs evaluation of soundscape and identification of problematic areas and then taking the action according to the precise assessments. Naghshe MoreBackground and Objective: Soundscape as one of the non-visual aspects of urban landscape requires assessment and redesign that needs evaluation of soundscape and identification of problematic areas and then taking the action according to the precise assessments. Naghshe-Jahan square as an urban space that embraces people from different ages and social groups should be assessed in terms of soundscape quality. Method: The research aimed at assessment of the soundscape quality of Naghshe-Jahan square through frequency classification in octave band. St-8851 sound meter was used for field assessments. 429 points in grid mode was assessed and logarithmic sum of low, mid and high frequency bands was calculated and presented in the form of GIS maps with precise spatial coordinates. Findings: By examining the frequency spectrum of single noise sources, different audio domains in the field were determined based on high, mid and low frequency bands. Discussion and Conclusion: Results showed that in the low frequencies, the alignment map was almost homogeneous. At mid frequencies, the pass of horses around the central pool and the entrance of the Qaisariyye Bazar were of high levels, indicating the density of the mid-frequency sound sources, such as human sounds. In high frequencies only the vehicle and gharry paths and water bodies had high sound pressure levels due to the concentration of sound sources with friquencies higher than the 4000 Hz. Finally, strategies and policies were introduced based on the results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Effects of Rangeland Exclosure on Chemical and Organic Properties of Soil (Case study: Gonbad Area)
Abbas Ghobadi Davoud AkhzariBackground and Objective: Grazing as one of ecological disturbances causes changes in soil characteristics of rangelands. This study was carried out to study the effect of Grazed pasture on plant cover, microbial deposits and some soil characteristics of Gonbad in Hamed MoreBackground and Objective: Grazing as one of ecological disturbances causes changes in soil characteristics of rangelands. This study was carried out to study the effect of Grazed pasture on plant cover, microbial deposits and some soil characteristics of Gonbad in Hamedan. Method: Five transects of 1000 meters were considered separately for soil characteristics in each region (grazed and ungrazed). Systematic sampling of soil was performed every 100 meters in May 2016. The elements of Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn and Zn were measured by atomic absorption spectrometer, acidity with pH meter, bulk density from clavicle method, total nitrogen from Kjeldahl method, organic carbon and soil organic matter by the oxidation method of Walkybak and Zeitous Carbon microbial was calculated by quenching-extraction method. Findings: After analyzing, it was determined that the concentrations of K and Zn in the soil of the sample area and the concentration of Mg in the soil of the control area increased significantly at 5% level. Soil acidity in the control area increased from 7/1 in the sample area to 7/23. Soil moisture content decreased significantly in the control area and from 27.11% in the sample area reached 18.12%. Soil bulk density in the control area was 1.16 g / cm3, which decreased significantly in the sample area and reached 0.98 g / g / cm3. The carbon microbial biomass was significantly differed in the soil of grazed and control areas. The comparison of the mean microbial carbon content in studied rangelands showed that this parameter ranged from 0.83 g / kg in the control area (grazed) to 0.95 g / kg and increased significantly. Discussion and Conclusions: The exclosure area has been enclosed with exclosure, soil characteristics in the path of sequencing and achieving ideal conditions, but it still needs attention and continued conservation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Phenology of Ferula Ovinia and Poa Bulbosa Species and Time of Livestock Entry to and Exit from Rangeland in Goorab of Isfahan Province
maryam gholami mostafa saeedfarBackground and Objective: Phenological study is one of the important factors in optimal management of vegetation utilization. Ferula ovinia and Poa bulbosa are valuable rangeland species regarding to forage production and controlling soil erosion.In this research, an ap MoreBackground and Objective: Phenological study is one of the important factors in optimal management of vegetation utilization. Ferula ovinia and Poa bulbosa are valuable rangeland species regarding to forage production and controlling soil erosion.In this research, an appropriate time for livestock entering to and exiting from the Goorab rangeland in 35th kilometers west of Fereydoun Shahr city, was carried out during four years (2014-2017). Method: In this research, ten plant bases were selected and information about the phonological stages for each base in the 7-day period during the growth phase and 15 days in the reproductive phase were measured and recorded at the special form. At the same time, meteorological statistics were collected from meteorological station adjacent the project site. Findings: Growing of the Ferula ovinia was started in mid-March, and continued until early-June. Flowering stems was started in late May and continued until mid-June. Seeds formations were begun in early-June and completed in late July. Growing of the Poa bulbosa was started in mid-March, and continued until early-June. Flowering stems was started in late May and continued until early-June. Seeds formations were begun in early-June and until the end of in late June. Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that according to the species behavior in the occurrence of biological phenomena in the different years of study, the best entrance and departure time should be specified based on physiologic phenomena in the specie of Poa bulbosa which the best time can be late May and mid-May. The time of departure of the livestock could also be continued till ‏mid-September due to the existence of dried Ferula ovina which is used by livestock in the summer if the number of livestock has been observed based on livestock capacity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Forecasting the current and future range of Bromus tomentellus Boiss species under two climate warning models (Rcp4.5 and Rcp8.5) in rangeland ecosystems of Ardabil province
Javad Motamedi Morteza Khodagholi Razieh Sabohi Ali Reza EftekhariBackground and Objective: Climate change has been a serious issue in the last two decades and many studies have focused on its various aspects. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the potential habitat of rangeland index species, currently and in the coming years, u MoreBackground and Objective: Climate change has been a serious issue in the last two decades and many studies have focused on its various aspects. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the potential habitat of rangeland index species, currently and in the coming years, under climate warning models. Therefore, in the present study, by preparing a prediction map of the current and future range of Bromus tomentellus species, under two climate warning models (Rcp4.5 and Rcp8.5 scenarios), its movement, in latitudes, at the level of rangeland ecosystems of Ardabil province was investigated. Material and Methodology: For this purpose, in the growing season of 2020, from 19 bioclimatic variables and three physiographic variables and a logistic regression model, to determine the quantity of climate change in the next three decades (2050) and to carefully examine its effects on the change in the range of B. tomentellus species now and in the future, used. The output maps are divided into four categories with the probability of occurrence between zero and one; unsuitable habitat (0-0.25), almost suitable habitat (0.25-0.5), habitat with high suitability (0.5-0.75) and habitat with very high suitability (0.75-1), it was grouped and based on the coefficients of the variables in the regression relationships, the effective variables for the current and future range were introduced. Findings: The average annual temperature (BIO1), the annual temperature range (BIO7) and the average temperature of the coldest season (BIO11) are the most important for the suitability of the habitat, and their values increase with the harsher climatic conditions. The average annual temperature of its suitable habitats will increase by 1.6 to 2.1 degrees Celsius in the next three decades. The height of its suitable habitats will increase from 115 to 190 meters. As a result, the level of its suitable habitat decreases in response to climate change. Also, under climate scenarios, 30.2% of suitable climate habitats will be lost in 2050, and current unsuitable habitats will increase by 29.4%. Discussion and Conclusion: In general; climate change and increase in temperature will cause B. tomentellus species to move to higher latitudes along the altitude gradient. Therefore, in the next three decades, there is a risk of removing it from the rangeland ecosystems of Ardabil province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Investigation of photocatalytic removal of methyl orange by titanium dioxide nanoparticles modified with silver and cobalt
Nasim Ziaeifar saber KhodaeiBackground and Objective: In order to investigate the photocatalytic activity of modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles in order to remove methyl orange contaminants, parameters such as the amount of contaminant concentration, the amount of photocatalytic, the pH of th MoreBackground and Objective: In order to investigate the photocatalytic activity of modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles in order to remove methyl orange contaminants, parameters such as the amount of contaminant concentration, the amount of photocatalytic, the pH of the solution and the calcination temperature were investigated. Material and Methodology: In this study, Ag-Co / TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel method and characterized by TEM, SEM, XRD and EDX techniques. The results of XRD diffraction studies showed that the simultaneous deposition of silver and cobalt had no effect on the crystalline pattern of titanium dioxide. The formation of Ag-Co / TiO2 nanoparticles and their approximate size were confirmed using the XRD spectrum and is about 270 nm. TEM images with a particle size of about 300 nm also confirm the XRD results. The morphology and purity of these synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated through SEM and EDX images. The results of EDX analysis showed that Ag-Co / TiO2 nanoparticles prepared by sol-gel method did not have a peak of impurity in the sample. The photocatalytic activity of Ag-Co / TiO2 nanoparticles under visible light irradiation was evaluated in the removal of methyl orange contaminants. Findings: Co doped TiO2 nanoparticles by Ag and Co were shown to have highest activity as compared with the Ag/TiO2 , Co /TiO2 and pure TiO2 nanoparticles. The highest percentage of methyl orange removal by Ag-Co / TiO2 is 99.5% in 75 minutes. Discussion and Conclusion: The optimum contents of silver and Cobalt for the preparation of co-doped Ag,Co/TiO2 nanoparticles were 0.9 and 0.3 at mol%, respectively Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Removal of Azo Dyes Acid Orange 7 (AO7) and Reactive Black 5 (RB5) by Metallic Iron: Kinetic Study
Alireza Rahmani Mansour Zarrabi Mohammad Reza Samarghandi Abbas Afkhami Saeed Azizian Hamid Reza GhaffariBearing organic and inorganic pollutants, colored wastewater are an important source of environmentalpollution. Removal dyes from dyestuff can be accomplished by various methods such as coagulationflocculation,Fenton regent, ozonation and so on. This work investigated m MoreBearing organic and inorganic pollutants, colored wastewater are an important source of environmentalpollution. Removal dyes from dyestuff can be accomplished by various methods such as coagulationflocculation,Fenton regent, ozonation and so on. This work investigated metallic iron as an efficient andinexpensive material for treatment of colored wastewater. Parameters such as pH (3, 5, 7, 9 and 11), contacttime (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 min), iron powder concentration (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 g/L) and initialdye concentration (25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/L) were studied. In addition, experimental data were fitted onpseudo- first order, pseudo-second order and modified pseudo-first order kinetic models. Result showedthat dye removal was increased by increasing iron mass and contact time. While decreased by increasingpH of solution. Increasing initial dye concentration of AO7, has increased removal efficiency, while it wasdecreased by increasing initial dye concentration of RB5. In addition, results showed that pseudo-first ordermodel best describe removal of AO7 (r2> 0.9708) and RB5 (r2>0.9776) by metallic iron. We concludedthat metallic iron can be used as an effective an inexpensive matter for treatment of dyestuff waste Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Optimization of the parameters affecting the removal of Acid Orange 7 using magnetite nanoparticles via response surface modeling method and Minitab 16 software
Ezatolah Mozafari Amin Saki Aref Faghihi Siavash FathiniaBackground and Objective: Textile and dyeing industry are the largest consumers of drinking water. Therefore, colored wastewaters that generated by the textile and dyeing industry, if discharged into the environment without treatment, can adversely affect aquatic ecosys MoreBackground and Objective: Textile and dyeing industry are the largest consumers of drinking water. Therefore, colored wastewaters that generated by the textile and dyeing industry, if discharged into the environment without treatment, can adversely affect aquatic ecosystems. In this study, magnetite nanoparticles are used to remove the dye (Acid Orange 7) from aqueous solution. Method: The magnetite nanoparticles were produced by a mechanical method using a planetary ball milling, and then the related physical properties were obtained and the chemical analysis was done by XRF, XRD and SEM images. The Heterogeneous Fenton process optimization was performance by response surface modeling with the help of Minitab16 software. The parameters of the initial concentration of the dye (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mg/L), the initial concentration of catalyst (0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7 and 0.8 g/L), the initial concentration of hydrogen peroxide (5, 6.75, 8.50, 10.25, 12 mmol/L) and time of the process (8, 10, 24, 32 and 40 minutes) were selected as the factors involved in response surface modeling procedure. Findings: Dimensions of magnetite nanoparticles were determined as less than 50 nm. The amounts of magnetite (Fe3O4) and hematite (Fe2O3) were measured to be 21/68 and 31/22 respectively. Conditions for the initial concentration of the dye (X1), the initial concentration of catalyst (X2), the initial concentration of hydrogen peroxide (X3) and the process time (X4) were obtained as 10 mg / L, 0.7 g / L, 10.25mmol / L, 32 min respectively. ANOVA high correlation coefficients for the proposed model was also obtained (adjusted-R2=0.945 and R2=0.897). Conclusion: In optimal conditions, the removal efficiency of the dye (Acid Orange 7) by magnetite nanoparticles is 100%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Site selection and prioritization of the areas appropriatie for floodwater spreading using GIS and AHP (Case study: Gorganrud river basin, Golestan)
Mojgansadat Azimi Gholamreza Rahbar Shahrouz MansouriAbstract Background and Objective: Rangelands are very important in country economy in terms of grazing livestock, soil and water conservation and other services to the community. Therefore, systematical and careful management of these lands is necessary. Rangelands of MoreAbstract Background and Objective: Rangelands are very important in country economy in terms of grazing livestock, soil and water conservation and other services to the community. Therefore, systematical and careful management of these lands is necessary. Rangelands of Golestan province were one of the best rangelands of Iran in the past. However, high rate of population growth and sever dependence of the population to natural resources and rangelands caused plant coverage degradation. Floodwater spreading is one of the corrective practices that can be performed with certain goal in the rangelands. Site selection and prioritization of the areas suitable for floodwater spreading and infiltration of flood into the groundwater table are among the most important stages of these projects. Method: GIS and AHP model have been introduced as a suitable method for site selection of the areas appropriate for floodwater spreading system in the Gorgan Rud watershed. In this the Boolean scouring method with two values was used and compared with AHP method. Findings: Initially, the unsuitable areas were determined by AHP method. Then the remaining options derived from model results based on the comments. By site selection, the suitable areas were identified and the obtained inconsistency factor (0.08) proved that criteria weighing for locating the suitable areas for floodwater spreading is correct. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this study also showed that the areas suggested for floodwater spreading are near the wells and springs, especially in the north and north-west of the watershed. Results showed that investigation of natural factors and constraints based on the Boolean method was not suitable for locating the appropriate areas for floodwater spreading in Gorganrud watershed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Studying the Removal Process of Heavy Metals (Ni and Zn) from Aqueous Solution Using Orange Peel
Narjes OkatiAbstract Background and Objective: The removal of toxic metals from wastewater is of great interest in the field of water pollution, which is a serious cause of water degradation. Numerous metals such as chromium, mercury, lead, copper, cadmium, manganese, etc. are know MoreAbstract Background and Objective: The removal of toxic metals from wastewater is of great interest in the field of water pollution, which is a serious cause of water degradation. Numerous metals such as chromium, mercury, lead, copper, cadmium, manganese, etc. are known to be significantly toxic. The purpose of this study is to investigate the Ni2+ and Zn2+ adsorption by using orange peel as a cheap adsorbent. Method: The orange peel was pretreated separately with 0.4 mol/L NaOH, 0.4 mol/L HNO3 and distilled water and the obtained adsorption abilities were compared. Adsorption experiments were performed at different initial concentrations of adsorbent, Ni2+ and Zn2+ ions and different pHs. Adsorption isotherms of metal ions on adsorbents were correlated with common isotherm equations such as Longmuir and Freundlich models. Results: The maximum adsorption capacities were achieved for Ni2+ (34 mg/g) by alkali modified orange peel and for Zn2+ (47 mg/g) by acid modified orange peel. The experiments showed that optimum pH was 6 and the adsorption value was reduced with decrease of pH. Morover, adsorption was decreased with rise of primary concentration of metal ions. Conclusion: Results showed that isotherm models were best fit to Longmuir model for the modified orange peel. Comparison of the parameters of models revealed that the capacity of orange peel for adsorption of cooper was higher than for adsorption of lead. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Land Use Assessment on Gomishan Plain (With Emphasis On Soil Characteristics)
Azita Mehrani Borhan Riazi Seyed Akbar Javadi Khosro Shahidi HamedaniIntroduction: As we know ecological condition in terms of drought, lack of precipitation, salinity of soil and water level restricted restoration to life of plant layer, so selection the best managerial procedure is very important while in order to provide vegetation al MoreIntroduction: As we know ecological condition in terms of drought, lack of precipitation, salinity of soil and water level restricted restoration to life of plant layer, so selection the best managerial procedure is very important while in order to provide vegetation also has the capability to decrease the soil erosion .All of all this research concerning to one of the unique ecosystem zone salinity, high water level which due to several years ago, as a result of the overload grazing of animals cause destruction the power of generation, finally to intensify the soil erosion of the region. Materials and methods: For the purpose of investigation about the role of land use and its effects on soil surface two areas included of farmland and rangeland closest to the area which has fenced for 21 years.For measuring physical specification (texture and structure) and also chemical specification (nitrogen, PH, EC, organic material), Taking sample of soil from each of these zones is done. Sampling method for this matter is in according to the procedure that consists of taking 3 transect with 100(meters) long in each zone and in along each transect taking 3 sample up to 15 (centimeter) deep by using spade.In order to measuring the amount of permeability of the soil in each zone (exclusion, rangeland, dryland farming) in 3 times and in all of these 3 situation.Altogether, 9 experiments are done. Results: The result of these experiments indicates that exploitation in form of rangeland and dryland farming has not meaningful effect on the soil texture, but the compressibility of soil surface increased. Consequently there was not any effect on the nitrogen and organic material of the soil.Land use in form of dryland farming increase EC factor of soil and in form of rangeland has no any meaningful effect on EC. The result of soil permeability experiment shows averagely, soil permeability in exclusion area approximately 10 times to the rangeland and 9 times to the dryland farming. Results and Discussion: With regard to the dangerous of desertification in this zone, it should be hesitate to exploitation in any form of land use (farming and pasture). In view of successful of researching exclusion, salinity decreases and increasing in soil permeability, exclusion should be considered as an amendatory method.Dry farming can cause high salinity and decreasing soil permeability, for this reason with attention to the low raining in this zone it is required that farmland convert to the implant pasture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Effects of Rangeland Landuse Changing into Dryland from Herbal Species Diversity Viewpoint (Case Study: Rangelands in Dehgolan City, Kurdistan)
Hamid Rahmani Younes Asri Mehdi Ramezani Nematallah Khorasani Hosein MaroofiBackground and Objective: The natural rangeland changing into dryland is one of the important agents for destruction of rangelands in Iran. The destruction and landuse conversion can impress various constituents of rangeland ecosystems. This research mainly attempts to MoreBackground and Objective: The natural rangeland changing into dryland is one of the important agents for destruction of rangelands in Iran. The destruction and landuse conversion can impress various constituents of rangeland ecosystems. This research mainly attempts to investigate the vegetation transitions in species diversity in the years following destruction. Method: The natural rangelands (key area) and the converted adjacent lands into drylands (critical area) were selected for sampling by using random-systematic plan in Dehgolan of Kurdistan Province. Three transects along a slope with 100 m length for each and 50 m distance between them were set at two herbal mentioned areas. Based on minimal area method, five quadrats of one square meter area were set along each transect. The species list with their self-relative frequency was registered in quadrats. The species evenness based on four numerical indices including Simpson's evenness, Camargo, Smith-Wilson and Modified Nee, the species richness according to two indices including Jackknife estimate and Rarefraction method and the species diversity by four indices including Shannon-Wiener, Brillouin, McIntosh and Simpson were analyzed and compared together. Results: 26 herbal species at the natural rangeland and 18 species at the land converted into dryland were gathered. The results obtained from data analysis showed that species diversity and richnessof plants have had degradation and species evenness has dad enhancement at the land converted into dryland. However, statistical T-Test did not show a significant difference between the two mentioned fields. Generally, it was concluded that rangeland changing into dryland reduced the species diversity of range plants and its statistical non-significance was of multiple reasons. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Investigation of species diversity in medicinal plants of Asadli-Pelmiss summer rangelands in North Khorasan province
Negin Nodehi Mousa AkbarlouAbstract Background and Objective: Species diversity conservation is a main objective in rangelands management. In ecosystem management, the first step is to determine the factors influencing the distribution of species and species diversity, knowing that species divers MoreAbstract Background and Objective: Species diversity conservation is a main objective in rangelands management. In ecosystem management, the first step is to determine the factors influencing the distribution of species and species diversity, knowing that species diversity is correlated with ecosystem parameters. By measuring the diversity, distribution of species in the environment can be studied with an emphasis on the dynamics of ecosystems and proper management recommendations can be presented. Method: In this study, 90 plots (1 m2) were established in the study area in a systematic-randomized manner. Presence and cover percent were determined within each plot.Also identification of medicinal plants, belonging to genus and family, was performed and biological type,life form and growth form were determined. Shannon and McIntosh diversity indices were used to estimate the species diversity of medicinal plants in taxonomic, life form, biological type and growth form levels. Conclusion: The results showed that the species diversity of Asadli-Pelmiss rangelands could be considered as moderate, and the vegetation of the study area was mostly of perennial plants species which is a characteristic of mountainous areas with cold climate in altitudes Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Volatility of financial stress index on consumer overflow check indicator, the Producer Price Index and Consumer Price Index, with an emphasis on models GARCH-BEKK, VAR and Granger causality
rohollah rezazadeh hashem nikomaram Mirfeiz Falah ShamsDuring financial stress, the impact of financial stress shocks on economic activity may be different from what is usually observed at normal times. Therefore, it is appropriate to examine how the effects of the strategic impact on economic activity are investigated duri MoreDuring financial stress, the impact of financial stress shocks on economic activity may be different from what is usually observed at normal times. Therefore, it is appropriate to examine how the effects of the strategic impact on economic activity are investigated during the period of financial instability. In this paper, considering the above discussion, the effect of the deteriorating financial conditions of the Iranian economy and its impact on macroeconomic variables during the years1391 to 1396 has been investigated. For this purpose, in this research, we intend to study the impact of fluctuations of financial stress index fluctuations on consumer price index, producer price index and consumer price index by constructing financial stress index using representatives of different markets. Therefore, using the GARCH two-variable BEKK model and also the VAR model, the effects of shock and fluctuations between them were tested and then the relationship between them was investigated by Granger's causality test. The results indicate that there is a two-way relationship between the financial stress index with the consumer index in the short run, but in the study of the causality relationship between the financial stress index and the price index producing the causality tests and var indicate that the relationship They do not exist between them, but the results of the garch test indicate a meaningful relationship between these two indices Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Provide an innovative model of fluctuation of the daily trading volume of shares in Tehran Stock Exchange; Central Bank Financial and Monetary Policy
Hashem Nikoomaram mohammadreza monjazeb Mahdi BayatmaneshHow many years have passed since the creation of a base volume basis in the capital market. A rule that inevitably makes pricing in place of value and determines the real price on the market. Determining the size of the base and the price of the price to prevent price f MoreHow many years have passed since the creation of a base volume basis in the capital market. A rule that inevitably makes pricing in place of value and determines the real price on the market. Determining the size of the base and the price of the price to prevent price fluctuations is known as one of the most important control policies of the supervisory entity in the stock market of Iran, which has been developing for several years. This policy does not provide a clear scientific basis, but in order to prevent fluctuations in stock prices, it has been widely accepted in the market every day. Of course, there are scattered criticisms. For some stocks, when creating long sales queues, for systematic reasons and excitement such as a boycott, the stock price is reduced, and this is sometimes reduced to 10 working days or more without many of the people in the queue succeeding in selling their share. . The mismatch of the fluctuating range for the daily transient price of securities transactions has created problems for reducing the stock market value of corporations, which is affected by the volatility of macroeconomic policies. Given the impossibility of short-term and medium-term policies, the fluctuation of the monetary and fiscal policies of the central bank can prevent further depreciation of the securities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - عنوان مقاله / English Daily Stock Price Movement Prediction Using Sentiment text mining of social network and data mining of Technical indicators
Kamel Ebrahimian ebrahim abbasi Akbar Alam tabriz Amir MohammadzadehThis study predicts the future movement of stock prices in the short term by using the analysis of investors' opinions on the social network. The predictability of stock markets, due to having a complex, dynamic and nonlinear system that it has always been one of the ch MoreThis study predicts the future movement of stock prices in the short term by using the analysis of investors' opinions on the social network. The predictability of stock markets, due to having a complex, dynamic and nonlinear system that it has always been one of the challenges for researchers. In this research, for the first time, we developed a model with 72.08%accuracy for predicting stock movement and predicting the trend by analyzing the feelings of users' opinions and combining it with 20 technical indicators and we use three data mining algorithms include decision tree, Naïve Bayes and Support Vector Machine. According to the results, the support vector machine showed better performance than the other algorithms. It was also found that the next day trading volume and the number of comments have a significant correlation and the results of Granger causality test showed can be used to predict stock price and also it took advantage of the aggregation of users' daily emotions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Granger causality analysis in mean patterns to measure the number of lags of the cross-correlation between the standard residuals of returns and trading volume in crisis situation
Mohammad Hasan Saleh Fazel Mohammadi Nodeh mojtaba maleki choobariThis study investigates the analysis of Granger causality in mean patterns to measure the number of lags of the cross-correlation between the standard-residuals of returns and the volume of transactions during the crisis period. For this purpose, based on daily data fro MoreThis study investigates the analysis of Granger causality in mean patterns to measure the number of lags of the cross-correlation between the standard-residuals of returns and the volume of transactions during the crisis period. For this purpose, based on daily data from April 2020 to April 2021, structural breakpoints were first determined and then the relationship between the volume of daily transactions and price changes of the Tehran Stock Exchange was investigated using the GARCH-ARMA model. Finally, the causality was investigated in the average between returns and volume of transactions for each sub-period. The results showed when the prices fall sharply during the crisis period, market participants tend to use the volume of past transactions to predict current returns. Also, the results showed when there is an upward price movement in the post-crisis period, it is observed the correlations are significant from lag 2 to 20. These observations suggest causality-in-the-mean between both series occurs asymmetrically after the crisis period. Such asymmetric behavior supports the trader heterogeneity hypothesis from two perspectives, firstly, the degree of significant cross-correlation between the standardized residuals of both series is stronger in the highest interval before the crisis than after the crisis. Second, the time frame for past trading volume to correlate with current returns becomes longer after the crisis. The results of the research can be used to predict stock prices at a time when we are facing the fall of the stock market and the emergence of behavioral phenomena, especially negative market sentiments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Evaluating the Relationship between Tehran Stock Exchange and Istanbul Stock Exchange: Causality and Co-Integration
Javad Shekar Khah Sina Enayatollahi Ahmad MoiedfardStock markets are one of the most important parts of each economy. Identifying the effective factors on them helps to have an economy with good indicators. Identifying these factors leads to better policymaking and investment in the capital market. This paper evaluates MoreStock markets are one of the most important parts of each economy. Identifying the effective factors on them helps to have an economy with good indicators. Identifying these factors leads to better policymaking and investment in the capital market. This paper evaluates the relationship between Tehran Stock Exchange and Istanbul Stock Exchange during March 13, 2001 to November 6, 2015 by daily data. Granger causality method and Johansen cointegration test were used for investigating the causality and cointegration between two stocks respectively. The result showed that there was a unidirectional Granger causality from Istanbul Exchange Stock to Tehran Stock Exchange. Also, the descriptive statistics showed the high correlation between two stocks. Finally, the result of Johansen cointegration test didn't confirm the existence of cointegration vector and long-run relationship between two stocks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Fractal Analysis of Tehran Stock Exchange Index With RS Method
Fraydoon Rahnamay Roodposhti Parham PedramThis paper deals with this issue, which can be summarized as the conflict between randomness and determinism. On the one hand, there are market analysts who feel that the market is perfectly deterministic; on the other, there is a group who feel that the market is compl MoreThis paper deals with this issue, which can be summarized as the conflict between randomness and determinism. On the one hand, there are market analysts who feel that the market is perfectly deterministic; on the other, there is a group who feel that the market is completely random. We will see that there is a possibility that both are right to a limited extent. But what comes out of these partial truths is quite different from the outcome either group expects. We will use R/S analysis, or rescaled range analysis. R/S analysis can distinguish fractal from other types of time series, revealing the self-similar statistical structure. This structure fits a theory of market structure called the Fractal Market Hypothesis.. This reconciliation ties directly into the concept of local randomness and global determinism. One of the most important area that we focun on is capital market distributions. capital markets are not well described by the normal distribution and random walk theory. Yet, the Efficient Market Hypothesis continues to the dominant paradigm for how the markets work. Standard statistical analysis begins by assuming that the system under study is primarily random; that is, the causal process that created the time series has many component parts, or degrees of freedom, and the interaction of those components is so complex that a deterministic explanation is not possible. Only probabilities can help us understand and take advantage of the process. The underlying philosophy implies that randomness and determinism cannot coexist. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Examining the relationship between development of Islamic Financial Systems and Foreign Direct Investment
Gholamreza Amini Khiabani Karim HamdiInternational business and corporations’ development are influenced by economic variables, so we are going to investigate the relationship between Islamic Financial System Development (IFSD) and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) based on the methods named data panel MoreInternational business and corporations’ development are influenced by economic variables, so we are going to investigate the relationship between Islamic Financial System Development (IFSD) and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) based on the methods named data panel techniques including Panel Unit Roots, Panel Co-integration Test, Panel Multivariate Error Correction Model, and Panel Granger Causality. In this research, foreign direct investment related data are gathered from an informational package containing global development factors published by World Bank and UNCTAD informational database in 2015. Meanwhile, four indexes including balance, integration, acceptance, and continuity are available to analyze Islamic Financial System Development based on Islamic development bank latest reports. Result showed an analytical positive and meaningful correlation between foreign direct investment and Islamic Financial System Development during long term and short term periods. Moreover, other evidence explains Granger Strong Causality relationship between the two stated variables. Finally, in order to take more benefit, it is suggested that the exact rule and policy should be run and the fixed exchange rate should be stablished during a financial period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - The Relationship between Population Parameters with Herding Behavior of Investors in the Tehran Stock Exchange
Ali Rahmani Fatemeh MorshidiProbability of the effects of demographical factors such as ethnicity, geographical area and age range on the behaviors of investors in the stock market has not been studied as much as those of the financial and economic variables. This study aims at investigating the r MoreProbability of the effects of demographical factors such as ethnicity, geographical area and age range on the behaviors of investors in the stock market has not been studied as much as those of the financial and economic variables. This study aims at investigating the relationship between ethnicity, geographical area, and age range of investors and their Herd behaviors. Chung et al's formula was used for recognizing Herd behaviors. Based on their model, when the result of deviation of stock return from market return decreases; a Herd behavior appears. Research sample involved 388718 investors from Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). The study was conducted during 2012- 2015. The obtained results revealed a significant relationship between ethnicity (except Arab ethnicity), geographical area (except the southern area), and age range; and Herd behaviors of investors Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - On solving ordinary differential equations of the first order by updating the Lagrange multiplier in variational iteration method
SH. Javadi -
Open Access Article
74 - Evaluating Quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) algorithms in blocks decomposition of de-trended
K. Fathi Vajargah -
Open Access Article
75 - Economic valuation of ranges forage production using Hedonic pricing method – Case study: Zemkan basin of Kermanshah Province
Sohrab MoradiForage is the main product of ranges. Through determining the economic value of ranges forage, managers can be directed towards the optimal management of productivity. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the economic value of forage production in the ranges of Zemk MoreForage is the main product of ranges. Through determining the economic value of ranges forage, managers can be directed towards the optimal management of productivity. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the economic value of forage production in the ranges of Zemkan basin located in Kermanshah province. Calculating the value of forage production per square hectare is one of the employed methods used for this purpose. This method involves the awareness of the status of various range types and the producible rate in each range type. Using the interpretation of IRS-P6 satellite images, Liss III and Liss IV sensors, there were determined the area and kind of range types in Zemkan basin. Also, the average forage production per hectare was determined in each range type using experts' attitudes, official statistics, and the information of native individuals. Forage prices are estimated using the Hedonic pricing method as they are economically heterogeneous. The results showed that the economic rents and the expected values of each hectare of ranges are 870 and 13594 Rials per hectare in moderately dense ranges and 580 and 9063 Rials per hectare in low-dense ones. Therefore, it can be inferred that the related ranges can play a significant role in both local and regional economy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Evaluation and zoning of land suitability for rangeland using AHP- FUZZY method )Case study: saghezchi chay catchment, Ardabil)
dariush naseri Aliakbar Shamsipour Mohammad RezvaniConservation, exploitation sustainable management of watershed resources in order to meet the needs of the present generation and preserve these resources for future generations, are one of the main priorities. The purpose of this study is to determine the suitability o MoreConservation, exploitation sustainable management of watershed resources in order to meet the needs of the present generation and preserve these resources for future generations, are one of the main priorities. The purpose of this study is to determine the suitability of the land for rangeland using Multi Criteria Evaluation (MCE) based on fuzzy logic. Considering makhdoom ecological model for pasture land use nine factors include rainfall, elevation, slope, soil, sediment, soil hydrologic group, soil depth, vegetation density and current land use were evaluated and prepared from relevant agencies departments. To determine the weight of the factors analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used and by ArcGIS9.3 software and using weighted linear combination (WLC) operator, all of the layers were overlaid and then, final raster map was created. Final suitability of the area for rangeland were categorized to very good, good, mediate, poor and very poor categories and zoning map was made. The results showed that 1186 ha (15.6%) of the area has a very good capability, 1677.7 ha (22.9%) has good capability, 1872.5 hectares (24.66%) has mediate capability, 2,176 hectares (28.63%) has poor capability and 680 ha (8.9%) has very weak capability for Range Management. The results show that the combination of geographic information system and multi criteria decision making in evaluation of the suitability of lands for agriculture and range land use is very efficient. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Study of the Consumption of Medicinal Plants of Rangeland Ecosystems and Determination of the Professional Characteristics of these Plants in Isfahan
Mansooreh Ghavam Zeynab SoleimaninejadPlants are one of the first and most accessible sources of treatment. Today, the use of medicinal plants is increasing rapidly. Knowing the taste and approach of communities to taking medicinal plants, as well as paying attention to the views and suggestions of consumer MorePlants are one of the first and most accessible sources of treatment. Today, the use of medicinal plants is increasing rapidly. Knowing the taste and approach of communities to taking medicinal plants, as well as paying attention to the views and suggestions of consumers of medicinal plants, can be a good guide for planners and policy makers of the country's pharmaceutical industry. The demand for medicinal plants is influenced by various cultural and social factors. This research was carried out with the aim of investigating the role of various social factors in the demand of medicinal plants and the impact of rangeland ecosystems on supplying plants in Isfahan. This research was carried out using a survey method. Data from this research was gathered through a questionnaire from 33 selleres of herbal medicine in Isfahan in 2015. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts. Cronbach's alpha coefficient equaled 0.877, which proved the credibility of the questionnaire. The results showed that Echium amoenum (57.6%) was purchased as the largest plant, and psychiatric and psychological disorders (79.2%) were the most common cause of referring people to Isfahan's herbal medicine stores. Also, the most medicinal plants purchased by seller of them, have been from rangeland habitats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Ecological capability of Tajyar Dam Basin for agricultural and range management and recreation applications
Mirmehrdad Mirsanjari Nafiseh Rezapoor AndabiliBackground and Purpose: Environmental assessment of land as a basic study of land use planning is essential for achieving sustainable development goals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ecological potential of Tajyar Dam Basin for agricultural and range man MoreBackground and Purpose: Environmental assessment of land as a basic study of land use planning is essential for achieving sustainable development goals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ecological potential of Tajyar Dam Basin for agricultural and range management and centralized outing and extensive outing applications using the Boolean method. Material and Methodology: The main criteria used in this study are: soil maps, lithology, topography, climate, vegetation, water and land use. Information layers are aligned and analysis of Tajyar Dam Basin in East Azarbaijan province was carried out by using the Boolean method and AND logic and digitizing information in the GIS. The Boolean model shows a place-of-interest relation based on conditional operators as zero or one. Results: The findings indicate that the areas with agricultural capacity are 6958 hectares and non-usable areas are 3701 hectares of the total area of the study area. In the case of a central recreational resort, the areas with central recreation capacity are 4851 hectares and 5793 hectares of the area are not capable and finally in extensive outing application, the areas with extensive outing capacity are 4612 hectares and non-usable areas are 6042 hectares of the total area. Discussion and Conclusion: Considering that nearly 40% of the region has potential for recreational use and more than 50% of the area has potential for agricultural use, therefore, in this basin, high ecological power is observed for these applications. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Determine the amount of carbon sequestration in rangeland species (case study: Atriplex canescens)
Ziaedin Badehian Masoumeh MansouriRangelands ecosystems have a large potential to sequester C because they occupy about half of the world's land area. This study investigate the role of Atriplex canescens in carbon sequestration in rangeland research station of Cheshmeh Ali in Qazvin province. Main trea MoreRangelands ecosystems have a large potential to sequester C because they occupy about half of the world's land area. This study investigate the role of Atriplex canescens in carbon sequestration in rangeland research station of Cheshmeh Ali in Qazvin province. Main treatment applied in a split plot design using randomized completely blocks included two densities, 2×2 m and 4×4 m. In each treatment, four pruning height included without pruning (control treatment), completely pruning, pruning in 20cm and 40cm above ground. Carbon amount were measured for above and underground biomass and soil in density and pruning height separately. Results showed that mean carbon in above and underground biomass per area unit in 2×2m treatment are higher than 4×4m treatment significantly. In 2×2m spacing, the total carbon amount of total biomass (2370 kg/ha) was twice as much amount as 4×4m treatment did significant difference was observed in total sequestrated carbon in plant spacing and purning height treatment. Mean total carbon sequestration per hectar were 59/16 and 59/81 ton in 2×2m and 4×4m treatment. Corolation analysis indicated that there is significant and positive relationship between total sequestrated carbon and organic carbon. Therefore the results suggest that good management practices in rangelands result in increased carbon storage and can increases carbon sequestration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Investigation of Carbon Sequestration Potential of Ungrazed Rangelands in Winter Rangelands of Sorkhkola, Sari
Atefeh Khanlari Reza Tamartash Mohammadreza TatianRangelands are containing more than one-third of earth's biosphere carbon stocks that can able toabsorb atmosphere carbon dioxide by their vegetation and accumulate in plant tissues and soil. Animalgrazing as a human factor could be effect on the amount of absorption. I MoreRangelands are containing more than one-third of earth's biosphere carbon stocks that can able toabsorb atmosphere carbon dioxide by their vegetation and accumulate in plant tissues and soil. Animalgrazing as a human factor could be effect on the amount of absorption. In this study, the effect ofgrazing on carbon sequestration is studied in grazed and ungrazed winter rangelands of Sorkhkola inSari. After determining the type of vegetation and dominant species (Hordeum glaucum), samplingwas done by randomly-systematic method and 20 plots (1m2). The plant biomass of shoot and rootwas determined by direct measurement. Then, samples were weighed and dry matter was calculatedfor each organs. The soil sampling was done from each horizon (0-15 and 15-30 cm) based onboundary separation of the surface and underlying horizon in the area. Organic carbon percentage ofplant and soil samples was obtained in laboratory. As well as other soil properties including bulkdensity, soil texture, calcium carbonate, electrical conductivity and soil reaction was determined.Finally, the grazed and ungrazed area data was analyzed using independent t-test in SPSS 16 software.The results showed that a significant reduction of carbon sequestration from aerial to undergroundorgans area in grazed and protected sites (p≤0/01). Despite the decline in soil carbon sequestrationthrough grazing to protected area had no significant differences between the first and second soildepth. Also, the result showed that sequestration rate was much higher in the soil to plant. It was 97%and 99% of the carbon sequestration in the protected and grazed area respectively Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Range classification and evaluation using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Normalized Difference Vegetatiosn Index (NDVI) (Case study: Hablehrood subwatershed of shahrabad basin)
Khadijeh abolfathi Marzieh Alikhah-Asl Mohammad RezvaniEvaluation of canopy rate, production, condition and trends of rangeland is important because of their role in preservation of water and soil resources. The aim of this research is to range classification and evaluation of rangelands of some part of Hable rood catchment MoreEvaluation of canopy rate, production, condition and trends of rangeland is important because of their role in preservation of water and soil resources. The aim of this research is to range classification and evaluation of rangelands of some part of Hable rood catchment using Geographical Information System (GIS( and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index .To do it, range classification was done using field work with Physiognomic- Floristic method along with vegetation sampling in a Stratified random sampling form. To define the condition and trends of the rangelands, the methods named four-factor and orientations were used in row. In this research, to increase the accuracy of the border of final vegetation types, land form unit map and composition of land form unit map with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) map were used in ArcGIS 9.3 surrounding and the border of vegetation types were corrected. Land use map is provided using fuzzy method in the ERDAS IMAGINE software, and then, using Normalized Difference Vegetation index and field work, with respect to the canopy density the rangeland were divided to the three classes named dense range, semi dense range and low dense range. The results indicated the separation of for vegetation types. Also, rangeland was divided to the three categories named good, moderate and weak rangeland with respect to the vegetation canopy. The type named Astragalus spp_ Artemisia sieberi has a moderate condition while the 3 other types have weak condition. Also, all of the 4 vegetation types in the studied area have minus trend. Using GIS and vegetation index can be an effective tool in vegetation type and classification with high accuracy Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Content Session Analysis of Expertise of Rangelands
Ali MohebbyAbstract Research institute of forest and rangelands with focusing on the determining, the criteria of the 6th national program and solving of Iranian natural resources problems, established at 2015-2016. The results of the related committees was useful but insufficient MoreAbstract Research institute of forest and rangelands with focusing on the determining, the criteria of the 6th national program and solving of Iranian natural resources problems, established at 2015-2016. The results of the related committees was useful but insufficient, so it seemed that the meeting has to be continued. Therefore the author decided to determine the most important subjects of rangeland scientist ideas about the matter. For this, the "Content analysis" technique was used to analysis the 17 session. the results showed that the frequency of total 9 main criteria and 6 sub- criteria, was 280 and between the main components (range, rangeland management, livestock, economics of livestock products, license, laws, corporations, projects and other items) the most and the least frequency respectively with %26.07 and %0.36 related to economics of livestock products and cow sub- criteria from livestock main criteria. Other criteria respectively, from most to least frequency were, laws with % 24.29, Lamb with %9.64, sub criteria tranchumnce, from main criteria projects % 9.29, corporations %7.5, other programs % 5.71, livestock management %4.64, range lands management project from project main criteria % 3.57, main criteria ranger and sub criteria sheep and goat % 2.5, tribal people settlement project from project main criteria %2.14 and finally %1.79 of the total sentences of rangeland scientists were about Range lands.So, it would be recommended that the discussions have to be continued around the subjects such as ownership of rangelands, corporation, grazing license, renting of rangelands etc. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - A study on the role of early Arabic poems and dictionaries to explain the Quranic languages
morteza safdari niakThe importance of the Qur’an is that it is the word of God and that it was issued for the guidance of mankind. Therefore, attributing a meaning to the words of the Qur’an is a dangerous matter that must be fully reassured, lest we fall into the dilemma of sl MoreThe importance of the Qur’an is that it is the word of God and that it was issued for the guidance of mankind. Therefore, attributing a meaning to the words of the Qur’an is a dangerous matter that must be fully reassured, lest we fall into the dilemma of slandering God Almighty. The Arabic language is in eloquence, rhetoric, sweetness and gentleness to a degree that no other language can reach. And in the strangeness to the extent that with the increase and decrease in the movement or letter in the pronunciation, or in the modalities of the composition of the words from the introduction and the delay, the different meanings occurred because the Arabic language in rhetoric and eloquence has many provisions that are specific to this language, and if these considerations are used in another language, they Invalidate and useless. And after the conquest of the country and the mixing of the Arabs and the non-Arabs, forgetting the eloquent language is a possible matter. That is why some scholars in the early days of Islam composed Arabic dictionaries and cared about the language of the eloquent and the Arab rhetoricians, and cited the pre-Islamic poetry that was free from mixing with the non-Arabic language. Research on the languages of the Qur’an, especially the foreign ones, has been discussed among Muslims, and because the language of every people must be inferred from their eloquent speech, and this is one of the most important reasons for collecting eloquent Arabic poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - A Comparative Study of the Origins and Effects of Estrangement and Alienation in Arabic Literature
hosein shams abadi mehdi momtahenAbstract: Both estrangement and alienation press in certain mental and physical complications in man’s life and force him to experience mental deficiency, and feel a lack of positive communal or individual sense of belonging. However, the Jahili sense of these te MoreAbstract: Both estrangement and alienation press in certain mental and physical complications in man’s life and force him to experience mental deficiency, and feel a lack of positive communal or individual sense of belonging. However, the Jahili sense of these terms is quite different from their modern application. In the Jahili period, old age and senility are the main reasons for such inconveniences which would well reverberate all through a poet’s being and work. These poets, then, would treat their problems in peculiar ways. Some would surrender and some would violently push themselves and their poetic expression to extreme limits. Introversion and extroversion are the key moves assumed by either group. However, modern Arab writers, unlike their Jahili counterparts, experienced imperial and colonial hegemony since the beginning of the 17th century, and were introduced to extreme changes in life style and world views. This overwhelming alien influence has been remodeled in the form of a more repressing global force. The crushing mark of such influences has led to great waves of migration and self-denial among Muslim and Arab elites who have failed to reconcile themselves with a heritage and legacy once firmly established in the spirit of human life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - A Jurisprudential and Legal Study of the Effect of National Lands Restoration
Abbas Fadaee Moghaddam Mohammad Alemzadeh Javad NiknejadThe purpose of the present study is jurisprudential and legal investigation of national lands restoration. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and the results indicate that despite different jurisprudential views and legal principles in this regard, the subject MoreThe purpose of the present study is jurisprudential and legal investigation of national lands restoration. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and the results indicate that despite different jurisprudential views and legal principles in this regard, the subject of restoration of lands and its effect is an irrefutable issue. The exact time of restoration and its effect on the above resources are unclear. Some jurists have inferred that setting March, the 7th, 1987 as the date of restoration in the single article for resolving disagreements over lands, as the subject of act 26 in the law of sustenance and exploitation as well as the additional note 6 attached to the law of nullification of the documents for selling rental lands, water, and endowed property, has not only decreased but also doubled the confusion in this respect. Reviewing results of different rules in this regard showed that time of restoration and its effect basically date back to the approval date of the Forests and Rangelands Nationalization Act. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Synthesis of Lead Titanate Nanostructure by Mechanical Activation Method and Evaluating of its Photocatalytic Decolorization of Methyl orange
E Khosravipanah S, A Manafi -
Open Access Article
87 - Isolation and evaluation of the efficacy of Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. for biological control of Egyptian broomrape (Phelipanche aegyptiaca (Pers) Pomel. ) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. )
Moslem Taghipour Ghorbanali asadi Mehdi Rastgoo Mahmoodreza karimi shariAbstractThe use of soil fungi such as Fusarium is one of the strategies for controlling and managing parasitic plants. Accordingly, in order to evaluate the pathogenic potential, Fusariumoxysporum was isolated from the stems of infected plants of Phelipancheaegyptiaca a MoreAbstractThe use of soil fungi such as Fusarium is one of the strategies for controlling and managing parasitic plants. Accordingly, in order to evaluate the pathogenic potential, Fusariumoxysporum was isolated from the stems of infected plants of Phelipancheaegyptiaca and after identification, it was tested in a greenhouse using two treatments inoculated with fungal suspension. F. oxysporum and control treatment (no inoculation) were performed. In the inoculated treatment, fungal suspension with a concentration of 107 × 5 spores per ml, at a rate of 50 ml per pot and in the control treatment, tap water was used. Studied traits were including total number of parasite stems, number of parasite stems removed, number of diseased and dead parasite stems, number of healthy parasite stems, and number of flowering stems, number of parasite stems per plant, stem height of the parasite and the dry weight of Egyptian broomrape and tomato plants. The results of comparing the mean of the two treatments with t-test showed a significant difference in the dry weight of broomrape and tomato so that the mean dry weight of broomrape in the treatment inoculated with F. oxysporum (6 g), compared to the control treatment (16.84 g), was 2.8 times lower. Also, the highest dry weight of tomato (36.43 g) was observed in the inoculated treatment with F. oxysporum, which increased by 44.27% compared to the control with 25.25 g. In the host range test, none of the tested plants showed signs of persistent infection, including permanent wilting and necrosis. In general, the use of this fungus in the biological control of Egyptian broomrape could have an effect on all studied traits, reduce the dry weight of Egyptian broomrape and increase the dry matter of tomato. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Study Grotesque Examples in the novel Parse dar khāke gharibe (Wandering in a Strange Land) by Ahmad Dehghan
Zahra Motiei Fatemeh HeydariThe grotesque is an artistic and literary concept by which artists and literary men to evoke simultaneously heterogeneous and contradictory feelings in the addressee. The author creates a strange feeling to the verge of laughter, fear and disgust due to the heterogeneou MoreThe grotesque is an artistic and literary concept by which artists and literary men to evoke simultaneously heterogeneous and contradictory feelings in the addressee. The author creates a strange feeling to the verge of laughter, fear and disgust due to the heterogeneous and heterogeneous characteristics such as inconsistency, horror, ridicule, disgust, exaggeration and abnormality. It is the satire of this distressed and unhappy world, though it can create joy, but its bitterness is felt in the addressee after receiving the subject. In this research, the examples of grotesque in the novel Parse dar khāke gharibe (Wandering in a Strange Land) written by Ahmad Dehghan is studied in a descriptive-analytical way. In this realistic novel, a part of the operations of the holy defense era in Iraq is narrated with a critical look, and the author by use of elements of tone and dialogue, and application of similes and metaphors in the atmosphere and situation of the war, which contain tragic scenes and events, created grotesque examples and portrayed bitter events from this perspective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - The effect of bitter orange peel compounds and physical activity on physical performance and health
Sarvenaz Aliasgari Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani Sirvan Atashak Maghsoud Peeri Saleh RahmatiThe use of phytochemical compounds in herbs has increased in recent decades. Currently, some herbs are used to improve physical performance and body composition. Evidence shows that the health-enhancing benefits of herbs are caused by their bioactive compounds such as p MoreThe use of phytochemical compounds in herbs has increased in recent decades. Currently, some herbs are used to improve physical performance and body composition. Evidence shows that the health-enhancing benefits of herbs are caused by their bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, terpenoids and alkaloids on the body's biological systems. Bitter orange peel has attracted the attention of researchers as one of the effective and widely used plants for physical performance and weight control due to its alkaloid compounds including synephrine and octepamine. Literature review show that by activating β3-adrenergic receptors, Synephrine increases lipolyzed and availability of fatty acids for peripheral tissues, especially skeletal muscles, increases the process of fatty acid oxidation and reduces the oxidation of carbohydrates. The result of these changes is saving muscle glycogen consumption (glycogen sparing) and delaying fatigue. On the other hand, Synephrine reduces appetite by acting on the neuromedin U2 receptor, and simultaneously with the development of thermogenesis, it causes weight loss. Although the effects of the compounds in orange peel on physical performance and weight control are contradictory, the need for more studies regarding the effect of these compounds is necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Smart Grid to Monitor Breast Cancer Patient Status
Mohammad Ali Pourmina Javad Nouri Pour Mohammad Naser-Moghaddasi Behbod GhalamkariImmediate monitoring of the patient has always been very important. Achieving this knowledge, which can be integrated to monitor damaged tissue, is very important. In previous methods, the tissue was monitored using a sensor. In this article, not only is a tissue monito MoreImmediate monitoring of the patient has always been very important. Achieving this knowledge, which can be integrated to monitor damaged tissue, is very important. In previous methods, the tissue was monitored using a sensor. In this article, not only is a tissue monitored using a sensor, but also the monitoring and evaluation of the effect of other tissues on tumor tissue is evaluated. The smart grid discussed in this article is designed to monitor the condition of a patient with a breast tumor. The structure of the smart grid, given the weight of the communication paths between the nodes and the ability of the nodes, shows us a strong network to assess the patient's condition. As the patient's condition changes, the nodes and weights of the communication pathways change, indicating that there is important information in the network and helping specialists to better assess the condition of the disease. Network monitoring is such that the evaluator node continuously evaluates the tumor node, by changing the status of the tumor node, the status of other nodes and communication paths between them changes, the result of changes in the network by the node The evaluator is evaluated. The simulation results show that this network has the necessary intelligence to assess the patient's condition in adverse conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Investigating the performance of active vector and inductor capacitors in the resonant circuit of integrated VCOs with 0.18 µmCMOS technology
najmeh cheraghi shirazi Ebrahim Abiri Jahromi Roozbeh HamzehyanUsing 0.18 µm technology, CMOS transistors are designed as a VCO prototype. In the proposed VCO structure, an adjustable active inductor and a vector for the LC tank are used. The wide frequency regulation in this circuit is controlled by an adjustable a MoreUsing 0.18 µm technology, CMOS transistors are designed as a VCO prototype. In the proposed VCO structure, an adjustable active inductor and a vector for the LC tank are used. The wide frequency regulation in this circuit is controlled by an adjustable active inductor and fine-tuning with a reactor.VCO with MOS vector in storage mode has the lowest power consumption and the lowest phase noise at large offset frequencies. The benefits of using MOS vectors increase significantly when more advanced CMOS technologies are selected. Due to the absence of passive elements, the fully integrated VCO takes up less chip surface area in the circuit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Evaluation of phase noise performance of voltage-controlled integrated inductors and active inductors with 0.18 µm CMOS technology
najmeh cheraghi shirazi Roozbeh HamzehyanA CMOS voltage controlled oscillator with a wide adjustment range is designed to operate at radio frequencies. The main advantage of this structure is the use of an active inductor. Hence the chip surface is significantly reduced. The active inductor and varactor c MoreA CMOS voltage controlled oscillator with a wide adjustment range is designed to operate at radio frequencies. The main advantage of this structure is the use of an active inductor. Hence the chip surface is significantly reduced. The active inductor and varactor capacitor in the proposed VCO circuit is used for frequency settings. The results of the measurements using the 0.18 µm CMOS process show phase noise -79.85dBc and amplitude noise -126.9dBm in the 1MHz offset. Also, using the S parameter, the central frequency value for this 3GHz circuit is obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Design of high linearity large dynamic-range delay-element for low-voltage low-power applications
آتنا Varzandeh Esfahani S. M Fahmideh AkbarianDesigning a high efficiency delay-element is a challenge for low-power low-voltage digital circuits. The delay element circuit has a considering effect on efficiency of low-voltage digital circuits. In sub-micron technologies that lowering the power and the voltage of t MoreDesigning a high efficiency delay-element is a challenge for low-power low-voltage digital circuits. The delay element circuit has a considering effect on efficiency of low-voltage digital circuits. In sub-micron technologies that lowering the power and the voltage of the systems is essentially required, design of a highly linear large dynamic range delay element is an important issue for designers. In this paper high linearity delay element is proposed employing the sub-threshold source coupled logic (STSCL) circuits. The presented circuit has a considerable controlling of the delay value by a control voltage. Improvements of dynamic-range and the linearity of the circuit show the operation of the delay element in sub-threshold region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Theoretical Study on the Kinetics and Thermodynamics of the Tandem Cope-Type Hydroamination and [2,3]- Meisenheimer Rearrangement Sequence
Mitra Sanie Ehsan Zahedi Seyed Hosein Ghorbani Ahmad SeifCope-type hydroamination of norbornene using N-allyl-N-methylhydroxylamine at 120℃ and THF leads to the formation of unstable dipolar N-oxide intermediate in which converts along the Meisenheimer rearrangement into a neutral product with higher stability. Kinetics and t MoreCope-type hydroamination of norbornene using N-allyl-N-methylhydroxylamine at 120℃ and THF leads to the formation of unstable dipolar N-oxide intermediate in which converts along the Meisenheimer rearrangement into a neutral product with higher stability. Kinetics and thermodynamics of this tandem reaction has been investigated at the M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory. The first step is exothermic and nonspontaneous (endergonic) while the second step is exothermic and spontaneous (exergonic). Disfavor effects of entropy and high temperature cause that the rate constant of the first step, despite the lower activation energy, be smaller than that of second step and the equilibrium be not towards the production of the N-oxide intermediate. The kinetic data exhibit that the forward step of Cope-type hydroamination is the rate-determining step, the overall rate constant at 120℃ is in order of 10–27 cm3 molecule–1 s–1, and its temperature dependence using the Wigner and Eckart corrections can be expressed as and , respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Theoretical investigation of Curtius rearrangement of oxalyl di azide molecule using quantum calculations in gas phase and solution
Roghaye Taheryan بهزاد چهکندی Ehsan ZahediIn this study, was investigated the Curtius rearrangement reaction of the molecule oxalyl diazide (ODA) for syn-syn and anti-anti-conformers in the gas and solvent phases ( water and cyclohexane ). the syn-syn and anti-anti-ODA conformers and transition states related t MoreIn this study, was investigated the Curtius rearrangement reaction of the molecule oxalyl diazide (ODA) for syn-syn and anti-anti-conformers in the gas and solvent phases ( water and cyclohexane ). the syn-syn and anti-anti-ODA conformers and transition states related to their rearrangement reactions are optimized in the gas phase using by Density functional theory (DFT) at computational levels WB97XD, M06-2X, B3LYP and the basis sets 6-311 ++ G (2d, d, p) and the CBS-QB3 method .in the solvent phase, calculations have been performed at the level of B3LYP / 6-311 ++ G (2d, d, p).the syn-syn conformer through a concerted mechanism and anti-anti-conformer using a stepwise mechanism product Carbonyl di isosyanate (CAI) , respectively by passing 1 and 2 transition states under curtius rearrangement.in the concerted mechanism the Gibbs free activation energy of the path went is less than the return path of the reaction, in other words, the Gibbs free activation energy of the return path is about 4 times the path went reaction.in the step wise mechanism, the first stage is the endothermic and the second stage is the exothermic process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Theoretical Study of Some Imidazo[1,2-a]Pyrimidines: Structural Optimization, Mechanism and Spectroscopy
maryam khashi ali beyramabadi abolghasem davoodnia niloofar vafaeenejadIn this research, density functional theory calculations were used to optimize the structure of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine derivatives and for comparing the theoretical and experimental data of NMR and FTIR spectra. All structures were optimized using the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p MoreIn this research, density functional theory calculations were used to optimize the structure of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine derivatives and for comparing the theoretical and experimental data of NMR and FTIR spectra. All structures were optimized using the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) computational level. Comparison of energy levels showed that the hydrogen bonds can play an important role in the stability of isomers. Also, the activation energy of the three reactions was calculated by evaluation of the transition state energy. The study of the activation energy showed that isomers with ester functional group were participated faster than isomers with carboxylic acid functional group in the reactions of nucleophilic acyl substitution. Also, comparison of theoretical and experimental data of NMR and FTIR spectra showed good agreement with experimental data. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - The teachings of saädi to the authorities in respecting the rights of foreign nationals
Askari Ebrahimi JouibariThe main purpose of this paper is to explain and inteprete the teachings of saädi in respecting the rights of foreign nationals. it should be said that the relations amony nations was inevitable long ago. these relations consist some backgrounds and conditions that MoreThe main purpose of this paper is to explain and inteprete the teachings of saädi in respecting the rights of foreign nationals. it should be said that the relations amony nations was inevitable long ago. these relations consist some backgrounds and conditions that thinkers and the great men of nation explain them to politicians. saädi was thoughtful man who began teaching and education in youth. He has more than thirty trips around the different parts of the world in his works. He created a code on how authorieties behave with foreigners wich was drawn from Iranian religious teachings and pure-promoted culture. saädi accepts policy when it is accompanied with ethics. He knows acting moderately to other religions and nations as the key of success and development. in short, shekh Shiraz devided foreign nationals in to four classes as: business man, traveler, embassador and stranger. He didn't allow to violate the neibors land and emphasized on providing the peasants and nationals with security who live in two sides of frontiers.in saädi's opinons, embassadors must be in security before and after declaiving the message. It is the old coustom of iranians and the heaven religions confirmed it .On the whole ,the frequency of being good fame of a country .and respecting the rights of freign nationals and evoiding defaming has an important role in international relations. This idea and approach of saädi to foreign nationals shows this ambitious thought. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Trajectory Tracking Control of a Novel Planner Continuum Robot
Seyed Shoja Amini ali keymasi khalaji -
Open Access Article
99 - Task-Based Speaking Assessment in an EFL Academic Context: A Case of Summative and Formative Assessment
Reza Bagheri Nevisi Rasoul Mohammad Hosseinpur -
Open Access Article
100 - Investigating vegetation of saline lands around Urmia Lake using satellite images
Ahmad Ahmadi Mohammad Reza Tatian Reza Tamrtash Hassan Yeganeh Younes AsriTThis study aims to survey vegetation canopy cover of saline lands around Urmia lake using satellites data in 2014. This study was conducted in the area about 353150 hectares in saline lands around Urmia lake. In this study, various pre-processing including geometric co MoreTThis study aims to survey vegetation canopy cover of saline lands around Urmia lake using satellites data in 2014. This study was conducted in the area about 353150 hectares in saline lands around Urmia lake. In this study, various pre-processing including geometric correction using topographic maps and atmospheric correction was the dark object subtraction. Field data was collected in 1393.Samplings were done in plant units with stratified random sampling method. In this study, multiple regression was used to examine the relationship between variables. In this model, first by calculating the correlation matrix, the presence or absence of collinearity between the independent variables (vegetation indices and bonds) was studied. In this study, the best model was chosen due to the higher value of R2.On the selected model several variables have been chosen from among all independent variables and were introduced as the most important factors in determinig the vegetation cover map of the study area. Finally the produced maps and sampling points were controlled in order to validate the accuracy of results. The results showed that the indices of MIRVI, PD312, PD322, TVI, VNIRI, INFRARED, MID-IR-INDEX and bounds of b2, b3, b5, b6 have significant correlation at the 5% level with the field data and by using backward regression models the canopy cover map of vegetation was estimated. According to results much of saline lands around Urmia lake have canopy cover of 0-20 percent therefore we concluded that the rangelands in the region are not in good condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Assessing the potential of beekeeping and determination of attractiveness range plants used bee by using geographic information system in Char-Bagh summer rangelands, Golestan
Reza Yari Gholam Ali Heshmati Hamed RafieiThe aim of this study is to assess the potential of beekeeping and determination of attractiveness range plants used bee by geographic information system (GIS) in 2015 in Char-Bagh summer rangeland, Golestan. Accordingly, the final model of beekeeping potential of combi MoreThe aim of this study is to assess the potential of beekeeping and determination of attractiveness range plants used bee by geographic information system (GIS) in 2015 in Char-Bagh summer rangeland, Golestan. Accordingly, the final model of beekeeping potential of combining the four main criteria of nectar and pollen composition of plants (20 points), distance from water sources (10 points), roads and access routes (10 points) and the average temperature during the course of beekeeping (10 points) was determined. After the vegetation type’s floristic-physiognomic method, sampling the vegetation types in the area delimitation random-systematic method to deploy 3 transects 300 m and 30 plots were made according to the type of vegetation. Water resources map as well as the road map was drawn using Global position system (GPS), field visit and geographic information system (GIS). Nectar and pollen 134 plant species from 80 genera and 31 plant families’ favorite bee detected. Family Asteraceae, Lamiaceae and Fabaceae, respectively, with 29 (21.8%), 23 (29.17%) and 19 (14.28%) species with the highest frequency nectar and pollen plants in the region. The results showed that plants attractive class II and III, the most appearances (60.9%) and class V least of (2.3%) in the region and with regard to regular visits on the field and during the flowering period May to August are the most plants in Char-Bagh summer rangelands. The results show that using the GIS module beekeeping potential of the pasture area 17.62% (1562.4 hectares) average potential in the floor (S2), 72.41% (6419.76 hectares) on the low potential (S3) and 9.96% (883.5 ha) in the class of potential (N) is located. According to the results area of about 90.03% (7982.17 hectares) has been potential the principles of apiculture, beekeeping can be attempted with the principles and also earn money by reducing grazing pasture helped to revive. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Habitat potential modeling of Astragalus gossypinus using ecological niche factor analysis and logistic regression (Case study: summer rangelands of Baladeh, Nour)
Farhad Borna Reza Tamartash Mohammadreza Tatian Vahid GholamiThis study has been done with the purpose of modeling and prediction of the habitat Astragalus gossypinus map using Logistic regression (LR) and Ecological niche factor analysis (ENFA) in summer rangelands of Baladeh, Nour in Mazandaran province. To achieve this o MoreThis study has been done with the purpose of modeling and prediction of the habitat Astragalus gossypinus map using Logistic regression (LR) and Ecological niche factor analysis (ENFA) in summer rangelands of Baladeh, Nour in Mazandaran province. To achieve this objective, environmental map variables were prepared with the help of ArcGIS®9.3 techniques in cell size of 10 × 10. Also, 80 site as well as the presence or absence of species was recorded by sampling classified-random. For each sampling site was recorded information about the presence or absence of species and environmental variables, and the relationship between species distribution and environmental factors was determined by using logistic regression and ecological niche factor analysis, and forecast maps the distribution of the Astragalus gossypinus was produced in the study area. According to LR results, Elevation, pH, organic carbon, average temperature of the wet season and average temperature during the dry season were the most important environmental factors influencing the distribution of the species. According to this model, variable aspect, sand Percent, TNV of soil, precipitation in the wet season and average temperature during the coldest season were used as influential environmental variables. Evaluate the correctness statistical models were performed by using the kappa coefficient and ROC area under the curve plots. Value indices, respectively 0.42 and 0.78 for the logistic regression model and 0.84 and 0.92 for the ecological niche factor analysis, which represents that profile model shows higher accuracy than the discrimination group models in the study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Rangeland suitability guidelines for sheep grazing (Case study: mountainous rangelands of Imam Kandi Urmia)
Javad Motamedi Hosein Arzani Esmaeil Sheidaei KarkajDetermining the suitability of rangeland using the constraints of the FAO method, due to the multiplicity of factors and in some cases the need for laboratory operations and mapping, is time-consuming and the possibility of its application by all experts, the existence MoreDetermining the suitability of rangeland using the constraints of the FAO method, due to the multiplicity of factors and in some cases the need for laboratory operations and mapping, is time-consuming and the possibility of its application by all experts, the existence does not have. Therefore, the range classification guidelines for grazing livestock (Manual of Suitability for Animal Grazing; MSAG) in various climatic zones were proposed by the rangeland technical office. According to the proposed guidelines, rangeland suitability for trapping a variety of livestock is achieved by combining the three criteria of vegetation (20 points), water (15 points) and soil erosion (15 points). In order to assess the capability of the mentioned in the semi-arid region, the present study was carried out in the mountain ranges of Imam Kandi Urmia and the results of determining the suitability of plant breed types based on the proposed instruction with the results of the FAO limiting conditions method, by nonparametric test Wilcoxon, was compared. The results showed that in the FAO restrictive conditions, in the 83% of cases, the forage production rate was 46%, soil sensitivity to erosion and in 11%, the water resources criterion, as the criteria for reducing the suitability of plant types. But in the proposed instruction, only soil sensitivity to erosion has reduced the score of the indices and, consequently, the classes of merit. The results indicate that there is no significant difference between the two methods in terms of final suitable classes (P≤0.05), and more than 85% of the rangelands of the region are classified in the same way in two methods. Therefore, the proposed directive is capable of identifying and categorizing susceptible and non-susceptible species in sheep breeding, and its efficiency is significant compared to the FAO restrictive conditions, due to cost savings and simplicity. This instruction will enable the experts to adapt to the use of grazing rangelands when they prepare multi-purpose portfolio projects in a simple and practical way. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Surveying of the past, present, and future of vegetation changes in the central Alborz ranges in relation to climate change
Diana Askarizadeh Hosein Arzani Mohammad Jafary Javad Bazrafshan Iain colin PrenticeAcceleration of climate trend change is caused by the swift shift of rangeland conditions that using modern methods of evaluation to them are counted to sustainable management of the rangelands. In order for an investigation of trend change of rangeland vegetation due t MoreAcceleration of climate trend change is caused by the swift shift of rangeland conditions that using modern methods of evaluation to them are counted to sustainable management of the rangelands. In order for an investigation of trend change of rangeland vegetation due to climate change, central Alborz rangelands were selected. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for the period of 30-year (1987-2016) was extracted by Landsat satellite, TM, ETM+, and OLI series. Drought periods were determined using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The Markov Chain model was used to anticipate the future changes of rangeland vegetation. The results showed that the vegetation cover index’s changes have risen and fallen for three decades in which, despite of increasing for some years 1986 (0.86), 2002 (0.87), 2005 (0.87), and 2015 (0.86); the changes trend was decreasingly for 1995 (0.53), 1998 (0.65), 2000 (0.62), and 2008 (0.61) years, especially for fair to very poor classes. The highest correlation (91.5%) between the SPI and NDVI was shown that severe to moderate drought has taken place along with decreased vegetation periods. Moreover, the Markov Chain model has anticipated a forcible declined change of vegetation cover for 2031 and 2046 periods. Therefore, range management approaches have to prepare itself in order to the gradual increase of temperature, which has destructive effects on vegetation cover, via regulating of grazing capacity and replacing of highly performance livestock in the future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Modeling aboveground net primary production using Landsat-8 indices in Siahpoosh and Ganjgah rangelands of Ardabil province, Iran
Pashmineh Mohammadnazhad Mehdi Moameri Ardavan Ghorbani Farid Dadjou Vadood MohammadiThe aim of this study was to estimate the aboveground net primary production (ANPP) of life forms and total ANPP using Landsat 8 images in Siahpoosh and Ganjgah rangelands of Ardabil province. Field sampling was conducted in June 2019 and a satellite image was received MoreThe aim of this study was to estimate the aboveground net primary production (ANPP) of life forms and total ANPP using Landsat 8 images in Siahpoosh and Ganjgah rangelands of Ardabil province. Field sampling was conducted in June 2019 and a satellite image was received at the same time. Seven sampling sites was selected, and three 100-meter transects parallel and perpendicular to the slope direction was established in each sites, and along each transects from 10 plots (1m2), the ANPP of life forms with random-systematic method were collected (210 plots in total). Then, 22 plant indices were selected according to previous references and calculated for the region. Next, the correlation between the ANPP of life forms and total ANPP with plant indices was calculated and the plant index with the highest correlation was selected for modeling. The first-order linear equation was used for modeling and the equations were estimated in ArcMap software as a map. The results showed that among the studied indices, NDVI was the most appropriate index for modeling; however, the highest correlation of this index was with total ANPP (0.88), and grasses ANPP (0.78); while it had less correlation with the forbs ANPP (0.41), and shrubs ANPP (0.31). The range of changes were 0 to 1857 kg/ha for grasses, 9 to 766 kg/ha for forbs, 0 to 458 kg/ha for shrubs, and 9 to 3081 kg/ha for the total ANPP. The accuracy of the models was evaluated by RMSE, MDE and MAE criteria and the accuracy was acceptable. Also, there was essentially no difference between the mean of real and modeled data. The results of this study can be used to balance the supply and demand of rangeland production for sustainable development of rangeland ecosystems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Classification of the most important spectral factors extracted from Landsat-8 images in explaining the topsoil organic carbon in semi-steppe rangelands using exploratory factor analysis (EFA)
Saeedeh Nateghi Rostam Khalifehzadeh Mahshid Souri Morteza KhodagholiBackground and ObjectiveSoil organic carbon in rangeland ecosystems has a variety of functions such as increasing soil fertility, controlling erosion, increasing soil water permeability and, reducing the effects of greenhouse gases. Therefore, it is a key indicator in d MoreBackground and ObjectiveSoil organic carbon in rangeland ecosystems has a variety of functions such as increasing soil fertility, controlling erosion, increasing soil water permeability and, reducing the effects of greenhouse gases. Therefore, it is a key indicator in determining soil health that affects all physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil. The large area of the country's rangelands causes a serious challenge to the use of traditional methods in estimating soil organic carbon. In such situations, the use of remote sensing capabilities can be considered as a suitable option for monitoring the organic carbon of the country's rangeland soils. The aim of this study was to determine the most important spectral factors affecting topsoil organic carbon in two summer rangelands. Materials and Methods This research was carried out in two summer rangelands of Lazour and Asaran. The first rangeland (Lazour) with an area of 8150 hectares and an average height of 2875 meters is located in the range of eastern longitudes 52.514 to 52.694 degrees and northern latitudes 35.855 to 35.934 degrees in Tehran province. The second Rangeland (Asaran) with an area of 5642 hectares and an average height of 2465 meters is located in the range of eastern longitudes 53.265 to 53.392 degrees and northern latitudes 35.804 to 35.882 degrees in Semnan province. In this research, the data of the OLI sensor of the Landsat 8 satellite were used. After pre-processing satellite imagery of the studied areas, Top of Atmosphere (TOA) reflectance layers of bands 2 to 7 along with the variables of surface albedo, Clay index, Carbonate index, Grain Size index, NDVI, brightness, greenness, and wetness index of Tasseled cap transformation were calculated. In each of the target areas, using Digital Elevation Model (DEM) maps, the slope, aspect, and hypsometric maps were prepared and by combining the last three layers with each other, a map of homogeneous sampling units was obtained. Soil sampling was performed using the stratified-random sampling pattern. In this way, in each of the homogeneous units, according to its area, several soil samples were randomly taken from a depth of zero to 20 cm and the amount of organic carbon of the samples was measured using the Walkley-Black method. Results and Discussion The results of this study showed that the spectral variables of Top of Atmosphere (TOA) reflectance layers of bands 2 to 7 along with the variables of surface albedo, Clay index, NDVI, brightness, greenness, and wetness index of Tasseled cap transformation have a significant correlation with topsoil organic carbon (p < 0.01). Also, the results of factor analysis by principal component analysis (PCA) with eigenvalues greater than one showed that the total cumulative variance explained by the 12 variables is 91.74%, which was explained by two factors. The first factor (soil color) explained 76.6% of the variance and the second factor (vegetation and soil texture) explained 15.14% of the variance. Conclusion The results of this study confirm the existence of a significant relationship between topsoil organic carbon and spectral factors extracted from Landsat 8 OLI sensor data in semi-steppe rangelands. Because of the large area of rangelands in Iran, the use of traditional methods in estimating soil organic carbon is not possible due to the need to spend a lot of time and money. And in such situations, the use of Remote sensing (RS) capabilities can be considered as a suitable option for monitoring the topsoil organic carbon in the rangelands. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Investigation of firing effect in rangelands on soil organic carbon changes using remotely sensed based indices
Somayeh Saati Zarei Behnaz AttaeianBackground and ObjectiveRangelands are one of the natural ecosystems that have an important part of soil carbon reservoirs and also, as very diverse genetic reservoirs guarantee the dynamics of the ecosystem. Fire is a natural factor in rangelands burning most of the ex MoreBackground and ObjectiveRangelands are one of the natural ecosystems that have an important part of soil carbon reservoirs and also, as very diverse genetic reservoirs guarantee the dynamics of the ecosystem. Fire is a natural factor in rangelands burning most of the existing natural cover. Rangeland fires directly alter soil microbial activity by burning soil microorganisms and indirectly by reducing organic matter, altering soil organic matter quality and other soil properties. Investigating the positive and negative effects of fire on ecosystems, especially on soil properties, has led researchers to look for alternative methods, instead of direct methods, which are generally very costly and time-consuming. One of the new methods and technologies that are very useful in the field of natural resources is satellite remote sensing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the short-term effect of fire on organic carbon, acidity, and electrical conductivity of rangeland soils in the Gonbad region of Hamadan, and to investigate the capability of remotely sensed data in the indirect estimation of soil surface carbon in semi-arid rangelands after the fire. Materials and Methods In this study, 20 soil samples were taken from each site from a depth of 0-10 cm (40 samples in total) and the coordinates of each sampling point were recorded with a GPS device. Sampling was performed 15 to 20 days after the fire in early October. After transferring to the laboratory, the samples were used to measure the amount of soil organic carbon. Then, the statistical relationship between non-burned areas and burned areas was examined and analyzed by an independent t-test. Indirect estimation of soil surface organic carbon at non-burned and burned sites was also investigated and their changes were evaluated using remote sensing satellite imagery. For this purpose, after performing the pre and post-processing on satellite data, the corresponding values of spectral reflectance of each pixel with sampling points at different wavelengths and spectral indices were extracted, and the correlation and regression equation of indices with the Carbon reservoirs were analyzed. Results and Discussion The results of the Pearson correlation test showed that among all spectral indices, only the HI index was correlated with soil organic carbon in the short time and in the non-burned site. Besides, among all indices, BI, NDBI, NDVI, SAVI, VCI, and VHI indices were correlated with the EC value in the non-burned site. At the non-burned site, there was a significant correlation between most spectral indices and soil EC, which was eliminated after the fire at the burned site. Regarding the correlation between pH and spectral indices, it was observed that there is a correlation between some spectral indices and pH. As a matter of fact, it can be concluded that the fire has caused a large change in the rate of reflection and propagation of waves from the soil surface so that in the non-burned site, the indices were correlated with EC, but in the burned site, the correlation between indices and EC was completely eliminated, and instead, a correlation has been established between the indices and the pH. Furthermore, none of the spectral indices in April 2017 at the non-burned site had a significant positive or negative correlation with soil organic carbon, and the results showed that after six months of the fire, the soil carbon changes were not such that the spectral indices could be examined its process. Comparing the results of October 2016 with the results of April 2017 on the non-burned site, it was found that after six months, the NBR index has found a significant correlation with the EC rate, but the BI and VHI indices have lost their correlation. According to the NBR index and the SWIR2 band, it seems that after six months from the occurrence of the fire, changes have occurred in the control site, which has led to a correlation between this index and soil EC. Since the amount of reflected energy from the earth's surface depends on several factors such as soil moisture, changes in soil organic matter content, and surface cover, so the effect of these factors on the soil reflectance should be considered in the growing season. Failure to change these results after six months can prove that the positive and negative effects of the fire have not disappeared in a short period of six months and a longer time is needed for the situation to return to normal. Conclusion According to the results, it was found that soil organic carbon reservoirs in burned rangelands in comparison with non-burned rangelands is not significantly different. Deformation and stabilization of soil organic matter due to fire have been studied by many researchers, but the transformation of soil organic matter by fire has often led to heterogeneous and different results. At a depth of 10-20 cm, the fire was found to have no effect on soil organic carbon content, but other researchers found that 6 months after the fire, the amount of carbon in the burned soils increased compared to the non-burned soils. It was also found that the percentage of soil organic carbon decreased significantly three months after the fire. Moreover, in another study on the effect of fire on soil organic carbon, it was found that in the area affected by the fire compared to the control area in one year and two years after the fire, the amount of soil organic carbon has decreased significantly. Since the effect of fire on the physical and chemical properties of soil is strongly influenced by fire intensity, soil moisture, climate, and vegetation, so all these factors have led to different results in investigating the effect of fire on soil organic carbon. Due to environmental conditions, climate, the slope of the area, soil texture and structure, and factors related to fire such as its intensity and duration, the amount of soil carbon has changed. For example, in the event of a medium-sized fire, the conditions for vegetation regrowth are faster, but in the event of a severe fire, the entire organic layer of the soil surface is generally removed and carbon is reduced over time. Also, in examining the correlation between spectral indices and soil organic carbon, it was found that only the HI index with soil organic carbon was significant at the non-burned site, but no correlation was observed at the burned site. This can be examined by examining the spectrum of visible blue and green wavelengths in the mathematical relationship of this index because only in this index the green and blue wavelength spectrum have been used. According to the results of other researchers, it seems that estimating soil organic carbon using remote sensing has certain complexities. Since soil organic carbon has the greatest impact on soil color, it is difficult to estimate it using remotely sensed data if its amount is low. The occurrence of fire in the region has a major impact on the spectral reflectance of surface soil so that after the fire in a short time the correlation of HI index with soil organic carbon is lost. According to the results of the present research, it seems that the main point about the impact of fire on soil organic carbon is the time and the opportunity for soil to change. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - A Study of range suitability model for apiculture by using GIS (Case study: Taleghan rangelands)
Shahrbanoo Fadai Hossein Arzani Hossein Azarnivand Gholam Ali Nehzati Seyed Hossein Kaboli Fazel AmiriThe objective of this research was presenting a case model for determining of range suitability of Taleghan region for sustainable bee keeping activities. After considering the factors affecting range suitability for beekeeping, final suitability map was created by usin MoreThe objective of this research was presenting a case model for determining of range suitability of Taleghan region for sustainable bee keeping activities. After considering the factors affecting range suitability for beekeeping, final suitability map was created by using the suggested method of FAO and GIS software. Random sampling was done in vegetation types, using 30 (1×1m) quadrates along three 200m long transect. Investigation on quality and characteristics of rangelands showed that three sub models of vegetation cover (flowering period, the rate of attractiveness of plants and vegetation cover percent), environmental factors (roads and access roads to vegetation, elevation, temperature and soil characteristics) and hydrology (water resources) played the main role in the determination of range suitability for bee keeping. Decreasing of nectar or pollen in the vegetation cover, an existence of low quality plants (classes III and IV) along with the shortage of flowering period, poor soil conditions and lack of roads in some vegetation types were among the most limiting factors of range suitability for bee keeping in the study area. In contrast, suitable distribution of water resources, elevation and temperature increased the rangelands suitability for bee keeping. According to our results from 37977.2 hectares of studied rangelands, 235 hectares (0.61%) classified as S1 of suitability (without limitation for bee keeping), 7798 hectares (20.53%) classified as S2 class (with limitation), 9961 hectares (26.29%) classified as S3 class (with high limitation),and 8861 hectares (23.33%) classified as N class (non suitable). Generally, 21% of the area had an acceptable score as excellent suitability for bee keeping. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Forage production suitability modeling in Sarab Sefid rangeland of Borujerd by Geographic Information System (GIS)
Ali Ariapour Moslem Hadidi Fazel Amiri Ali Hossein BiranvandForage production suitability is one of the most factors to the sustainable utilization of natural potential by rangeland grazing suitability. To determine this factor in short time, low cost and height accuracy is most challenges of expertise and ranchers. Using a suit MoreForage production suitability is one of the most factors to the sustainable utilization of natural potential by rangeland grazing suitability. To determine this factor in short time, low cost and height accuracy is most challenges of expertise and ranchers. Using a suitable technique for this subject can be sustainable utilization comprising from rangeland ecosystems, according to its degradation and heavy grazing. This research was conducted in Borujerd Sarab Sefid rangeland from 2001 to 2012. Slope, aspect and height maps provided by using satellite imagery, basic information and analog maps and digitized maps such as; topographic and DEM (Digital Elevation Model). Also measurement of field conducted by using clipping and weighting method for estimation of forage, four factors method to range condition, trend balance to range condition trend and physiognomy to typing. Forage production, range condition, ranges condition, trend and typing maps integrated with obtaining and digitized field data in ARCGIS®9.3 software. At least to become changed to final forage production, sustainability this maps in software by using unity command. Result show that from 16 types, 4 types were in non sustainable, 8 types in class III, 2 types in class II and 2 types in class I of sustainability. As a final conclusion this research and other research show that uses RS and GIS can useful for sustainable management of rangeland ecosystems with height accuracy and speed and low cost if considered standards and criteria of using GIS and RS. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Designing a sociological model for the development of the range of sports tourism in the northwest of the country
farid pourbeirami hir Mehrdad Moharamzade Masoud Imanzadeh Simin Esgandari DastgiriObjective : The purpose o f this research was t o designing a sociological model for the development of the range of sports tourism in the northwest o f the country . Methodology : The research method was descriptive - correlation type. The statistical population o f th MoreObjective : The purpose o f this research was t o designing a sociological model for the development of the range of sports tourism in the northwest o f the country . Methodology : The research method was descriptive - correlation type. The statistical population o f the research was manager s and employees o f touri sm institution s in the northwest o f the country . Estimation of the statistical sample t o a sufficient number based o n each item , 10 people were randomly selected . Therefore , 1 30 peop le were estimated t o have 10 times the number o f variable questions with the highest number o f 1 3 question s in the variable ( building the capacity o f the chain o f sports tourism destinations ) . Ten scientific and executive experts were asked t o evaluate content validity . Then, the combined reliability and validity o f the structure was checked and confirmed in the final stage using PLS software .Results : The result s of the factor analysis o f the construct s o f each o f the nine main variable s showed that all the component s have a significant explanatory role . The path analysis also showed that the relationship s between the nine main variable s i n a sequence from independent variable s t o dependent variable s are positive and significant, and the conceptual model has a good fit .Conclu sion : Based o n the find ing s o f the research, the current developed model can create a tremendou s change i n sport s tourism in the northwest o f the country, and i t is necessary for the interested and relevant official s t o develop physical, ecological, social, and political capacitie s for the development and development o f sport s tourism . and economic and include them in the plan s and provide tourism destination s with main and support ing services f or perfect and enjoyable delivery t o sports tourist s . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Design and Dynamic Modeling of Planar Parallel Micro-Positioning Platform Mechanism with Flexible Links Based on Euler Bernoulli Beam Theory
N.S Viliani H Zohoor M.H Kargarnovin -
Open Access Article
112 - Pathological and Molecular Identification the causal agent of Cittrange rootstock rot in Citrus Orchards the East of Mazandaran
Seyed vahid Alavi Faeze FalakiRecently, a devastating decline has been observed in some citrus groves established with cittrange rootsock. The most conspicuous symptom is a frustose rootstock and decline. The suspicious infected samples were collected at different stages of growth and transported to MoreRecently, a devastating decline has been observed in some citrus groves established with cittrange rootsock. The most conspicuous symptom is a frustose rootstock and decline. The suspicious infected samples were collected at different stages of growth and transported to the laboratory. The samples were rinsed under top water and disinfested with 70% ethyl alcohol. Pieces of each sample was separated with a sterile blade and cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Obtained fungal isolates were purified and pathogenicity of the isolates was tested by A mycelial plug (5 mm diam.) obtained from the margin of a fungal colony was placed in the wound with the mycelium facing towards the stem, and the wound was wrapped with Parafilm. Based on the morphological characteristics including colony form, conidia specific feature, and growing on agar cum Foeniculum vulgare stipes, studied fungal isolates were identified as Diaporthe novem Santos. Genomic DNA extraction was done from fungal isolates and amplification was done with ITS1, ITS4 and Bt regions primers and the amplicons were sequenced. Also the sequencing results confirmed fungal species mentioned above. This is the first report of fruit drop and dieback disease and the causal agent identification on local tangerine in north of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Host plant range of western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) and onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Badjgah (Shiraz)
Afsaneh Afsharizadeh Bami Kambiz Minaei Mahmood Alichi Faezeh BagheriIdentification of thrips host plants, can be problematic due to the large number of hosts reported for the adults of these insects. Many thrips species are highly dispersive in their behavior and, as a result, adults land on a wide range of plants, on which they ca MoreIdentification of thrips host plants, can be problematic due to the large number of hosts reported for the adults of these insects. Many thrips species are highly dispersive in their behavior and, as a result, adults land on a wide range of plants, on which they cannot breed and may not even be able to feed. Knowledge about the host plants of thrips is important because many polyphagous species cause the transmission of tospoviruses. Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) and onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) are considered as the most important thrips species pests all over the world. In order to determining the host range of western flower thrips as well as onion thrips in Badjgah region (Shiraz, Iran) various plant species were investigatedduring 2015-2016. One or both thrips species were found on 131 plant species. In this study F. occidentalis and T. tabaci have been collected from 74 (in 29 botanical families) and 28 plant species (in 16 botanical families), respectively. The most host plants identified for the western flower thrips were Asteraceae family, followed by the Rosaceae family and for the onion thrips of Asteraceae family. It seems likely that there are a trend to replace onion thrips by western flower thrips during recent years in Badjgah region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Identification of moths of family Sphingidae in some regions of Fars Province (Iran)
Farangis Ghasemi Hassan Alemansoor Asghar AlehosseinDuring 2006– 2007 studies were carried out to collect and identify the moths of family Sphingidae in some regions of Fars Province. A total of 16 species were collected and identified. Four forestlands including Arsanjan district with dominant Pistachio mutica, Fi MoreDuring 2006– 2007 studies were carried out to collect and identify the moths of family Sphingidae in some regions of Fars Province. A total of 16 species were collected and identified. Four forestlands including Arsanjan district with dominant Pistachio mutica, Firouz Abad district with dominant Amygdalus scopariae and Ziziphus spinachristi, Kazeroun and Nour Abad district with dominant Quercus brantii, Sepidan district with dominant Pyrus glabra and one rangeland (Shiraz) were selected and 271 specimens of Sphingidae were collected by the insect net and the light trap. Collected insects were identified systematically according to their morphological characteristics by second author and confirmed by Ian J. Kitching (Natural History Museum, London, UK). Moths found in this study are as follows: Acherontia styx styx (Westwood, 1847) Agrius convolvuli (Linnaeus, 1758) Akbesia davidi (Oberthür, 1884) Clarina kotschyi kotschyi (Kollar, 1849) Daphnis nerii (Linnaeus, 1758) Hippotion celerio (Linnaeus, 1758) Hyles hippophaes (Esper, 1793) Hyles livornica (Esper, 1780) Hyles nicaea sheljuzkoi (de Prunner, 1798) Laothoe populi populeti (Bienert, 1870) Marumba quercus (Denis & Schiffermüller,1775) Macroglossum stellatarum (Linnaeus, 1758) Rethera brandti euteletes (Jordan, 1937) Rethera komarovi manifica (Brandt, 1938) Smerinthus kindermanni (Lederer, 1853) Theretra alecto (Linnaeus, 1758) Amoung them Acherontia stxy is a new record for Fars province (Iran) and Marumba quercuswas found in the most region of this province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Biological Control of Orange Green & Blue Mold Agents by Citrus Microbial Epiphytes In North of Iran
Ayatollah Nasrollahi Omran Farid Bigi Firozjaie Maedeh SangiGreen and Blue molds are the major postharvest disease of citrus fruit that caused by Penicillium digitatum and p.italicum those responsible for about 30% of losses in citrus crop per year. In common methods, these wound pathogens have been controlled by using synthetic MoreGreen and Blue molds are the major postharvest disease of citrus fruit that caused by Penicillium digitatum and p.italicum those responsible for about 30% of losses in citrus crop per year. In common methods, these wound pathogens have been controlled by using synthetic fungicides such as Imazalil, benomil or thiabendazole. Concerns about their impact on human health and the environment and the rise of fungicide-resistant biotypes, biological control proposed as a suitable replace. In this research, for biological control on these pathogens, epiphytic microorganism isolated from fruit surfaces that collected from the citrus orchards in the North of Iran. Initial evaluation for Biological Control potential by these microorganism were done based on pathogen inhibition zone in laboratory conditions. 65 isolates of yeast and bacteria and 30 isolates of mold show potential for Biological Control on these molds. In next stage, fruit were wounded to a 2 mm depth of four equidistant points and microbial treatment were inoculated to each point bacterial and yeast suspension of 1×108 cell/ml concentration 24 h before pathogen spore inoculation (1×104 spore/ml) and in hold 15 c for one week. Results of microbial treatment compared with control based on appearance and severity of incidence. Biochemical test for identification of Biological Control isolates showed 3 isolates of Pseudomonas syringae , 2 isolates of Pantoea agglomerans and 1 isolates of Candida famata. Inhibitory mechanism of Biological Control showed evidence in production of volatile compounds and extracellular metabolites from P. syringae and extracellular metabolites from C. famata those have antifungal effect on P. digitatum and P. italicum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - A Legendre-spectral scheme for solution of nonlinear system of Volterra-Fredholm integral equations
L. Hooshangian D. MirzaieThis paper gives an ecient numerical method for solving the nonlinear systemof Volterra-Fredholm integral equations. A Legendre-spectral method based onthe Legendre integration Gauss points and Lagrange interpolation is proposedto convert the nonlinear integral equatio MoreThis paper gives an ecient numerical method for solving the nonlinear systemof Volterra-Fredholm integral equations. A Legendre-spectral method based onthe Legendre integration Gauss points and Lagrange interpolation is proposedto convert the nonlinear integral equations to a nonlinear system of equationswhere the solution leads to the values of unknown functions at collocationpoints. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Application of variational iteration method for solving singular two point boundary value problems
Shadan Sadigh BehzadiIn this paper, He's highly prolic variational iteration method is applied ef-fectively for showing the existence, uniqueness and solving a class of singularsecond order two point boundary value problems. The process of nding solu-tion involves generation of a sequence MoreIn this paper, He's highly prolic variational iteration method is applied ef-fectively for showing the existence, uniqueness and solving a class of singularsecond order two point boundary value problems. The process of nding solu-tion involves generation of a sequence of appropriate and approximate iterativesolution function equally likely to converge to the exact solution of the givenproblem which being processed out and improvised on its own at every step re-cursively. Moreover, Illustrative examples available to the context in literaturewhen treated with, by application of such proposed method fetch encouragingresults so as to justify and reveal its eciency and usefulness of the method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - The effect of combined exercise training on Body composition, Upper limb Range of motion, Shoulder pain, and Glucose homeostasis in type II diabetic patients after breast cancer surgery
maryam koulaei Nasibeh Ezeddin Anahita Shabani mona Mehdizadeh Haghighi Mohammad HedayatiThe main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a period of combined training on the Body composition, Range of motion Upper limb, Shoulder pain rate, Glucose homeostasis in type II diabetic patients after breast cancer surgery. The sample of the study in MoreThe main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a period of combined training on the Body composition, Range of motion Upper limb, Shoulder pain rate, Glucose homeostasis in type II diabetic patients after breast cancer surgery. The sample of the study included 30 individuals who underwent breast surgery.the Experimental group had resistance exercises using band Pilates and aerobic exercises with 50-70% maximum heart rate(n=15), and the control group had the same exercise(n=15). the training sessions were planned as x 3 per week for a period of 8 weeks. the Body composition, Range of motion, pain, Glucose homeostasis of all individuals was evaluated before and after training. according to the measurements It was concluded that that there is a significant difference in the BMI between the two groups (P <0.05). The results also demonstrated that there is a significant difference in the Glucose homeostasis among the two research groups (P <0.05), however, this difference was not significant in Insulin resistance. After 8 weeks, the combined exercise showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups (P <0.05) and the flexion and extension limbs of the shoulder, the internal and external shoulder rotation, flexion and elbow exertion of the subjects. But the pain did not have a significant difference. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Effect of vitamin C on delayed onset muscle soreness indexes
Shahram Foroohi -
Open Access Article
120 - The influence of variable range of motion training on hormonal responses and muscle strength
Reihaneh Esmaeeldokht -
Open Access Article
121 - A Long-term Casual Nexus between Stock Price and Dividends: Empirical Evidence from the Accepted Firms in Tehran Stock Exchange
Mahboobe Motakiaee -
Open Access Article
122 - Study on host range and distribution of Parasitengona mite larvae in Kermanshah province of Iran
Masoud Arbabi S. Mohamadi A. N. MirmoayediGeographical distribution larvae of Parasitengona mites belonging to Erythraeina and Trombidina were investigated with collection of them from different body parts of 20 insect species for the first time in Kermanshah province. Period of mite larvae sampling conducted f MoreGeographical distribution larvae of Parasitengona mites belonging to Erythraeina and Trombidina were investigated with collection of them from different body parts of 20 insect species for the first time in Kermanshah province. Period of mite larvae sampling conducted from spring till middle of autumn seasons in two years (2007-2008). The mite larvae collected from Islamabad-Gharb, Mahidasht, Ghilan-Gharb, Sarpolehzahab, Kermanshah, Cozaran, Dalaho, Harsian, Paveh, Kangavar, Homeil, Ghasershireen, Sahneh. In this study nine species belong to 4 mite families identified so far from seven species belong to three grasshopper families Acrididae (Caliptamus tenuicercis Tarbinsky,Caliptamus sp.,Tetanocera robustaLoew,), Pamphagidae (Iranotmethis persa Saussure, Nocarodes crispus Mishchenko), Tettigoniidae (Platycleis (Squamiana) squamiptera Uvarov), and Cicadidae (Cicadatia persica Kirkaldy), Buprestidae (Julodis laevicostata Gorg., J. armenica Mars), Chrysomelidae (Galeruca spectabilis Faldermann), Meloidae(Lydus sp.), Tenebrionidae (Adesmia sp., Pachyscelis sp.,Tentyria sp.), Coccinellidae, Curculionidae and some other insect such as sunn pest and butterflies. Five mite larvae are new to mite fauna in species (three) and genus (two) level. Out of 7000 insects so far collected on 14 localities, more than 85 percent of them were belong to different grasshopper species which only 7.08% of them observed associated with grasshopper number of larvae (5 individual’s larvae mite) recorded on two grasshopper species (P. squamiptera, T. robusta). All insects collected in Mahidasht observed coexistence with larvae mite among surveyed localities whereas the least of larvae mite recorded only on grasshopper in Sahneh region. Maximum geographical distribution among mite species observed for E. sepasosariani in eight regions. Maximum biological activities and abundance seen during June-August for all mite species collected in all the regions. With reference to extensive Parasitengona larvae mite distribution in pastures of Kermanshah province and their feeding effects on grasshopper, It seems that they can be natural biological control agents on grasshopper population in this province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Population fluctuations of the citrus cottony scales, Pulvinaria aurantii (Hem., Coccidae) on the sour oranges
Sh. Faghihzadeh Gorji Shila Goldasteh A. ZamaniThe sour oranges is a horticultural crop in Iran and planted as ornamental trees all over the world (except polar regions) such as the north of Iran. The citrus cottony scales Pulvinaria aurantii Ckll. feeds on the foliage and stems of citrus trees and cause tree diebac MoreThe sour oranges is a horticultural crop in Iran and planted as ornamental trees all over the world (except polar regions) such as the north of Iran. The citrus cottony scales Pulvinaria aurantii Ckll. feeds on the foliage and stems of citrus trees and cause tree dieback in heavy infestation. In order to estimate the seasonal population fluctuations in Babol (Mazandaran province, Iran), sampling were done at the height of 1.5 to 2.5 meter of citrus trees and samples were collected from four geographical directions and three points including initial, medial and apical 40 cm of the branches. Further information such as daily temperature, relative humidity, and the amount of rainfalls simultaneously were recorded in each sampling date. The maximum number of population was observed in the January of 2014. We found that this species completes four generations per year. Based on the results of this study the best time for managements of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th generation of P. aurantii Ckll. in Babol is May, September, and to spot spraying in November and December, respectively. Pruning can be usefull too. In this study, natural enemies’ minority were observed which may be related to the insecticide treatments, absence of intermediate host and also the environmental pollution. Our results could lead to improve integrated pest management for P. aurantii Ckll.populations in the north of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Study of fauna ladybirds (Col., Coccinellidae) on pastures Astragalus adscendes (Fabaceae) in Lorestan province
M. Tavakoli A. Ansari pour A. Pirhadi F. PiroziThe were studied fauna of ladybirds (Col:Coccinellidae) on pastures Astragalus adscendes (Boiss. & Hausskn 1903), (Fabaceae)meantime with practical collection and releasing psyllid Gazangabin Cyamophila astragalicola (Gegechkori 1977), (Hom.: Psyllidae) insects on A MoreThe were studied fauna of ladybirds (Col:Coccinellidae) on pastures Astragalus adscendes (Boiss. & Hausskn 1903), (Fabaceae)meantime with practical collection and releasing psyllid Gazangabin Cyamophila astragalicola (Gegechkori 1977), (Hom.: Psyllidae) insects on Astragalus adscendens during 2007 to 2010 inLorestan province. ladybirdscollected are as follows: Henosepilachna argus (Geoffroy, 1762)*, Chilocorus bipustulatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Exochomus flavipes (Thunberg, 1781), E. quadripustulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) , Scymnus apetzi (Mulsant, 1846), Hyperaspis reppensis (Herbst, 1783)**, Coccinnula sinuatomarginata (Faldermann, 1837)*, Coccinella septempunctata (Linnaeus, 1758), Hippodamia variegata (Goeze, 1777), Oenopia conglobata (Linnaeus, 1758), O. oncina (Olivier, 1808), Species marked with symbol (*) are new for Lorestan province and specie that marked with (**) is new for Iranian fauna. In this survey from total of 11 species ladybird were collected, 9 genus directly were busy feeding from nymphs and adults Cyamophila astragalicola and were collected 2 genus Scymnus and Henosepilachnas in position hibernation on shrubs Astragalus adscendens. Only one species Henosepilachna argus was phytophagous. Species that is new for the fauna of Iran and Lorestan province have been confirmed by Dr. Fursch from Germany. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Sedimentological and provenance analysis of the Cretaceous Moro formation Rakhi Gorge, Eastern Sulaiman Range, Pakistan
Muhammad Khan Shahid Ghazi Mubashir Mehmood Abdollah Yazdi Abbas Ali Naseem Umair Serwar Arsalan Zaheer Hadayat Ullah -
Open Access Article
126 - Fluvial Facies and Provenance of the Early Permian Warchha Sandstone Salt Range, Pakistan
Shahid Ghazi Nigel P. MountneyDeposits of the Warchha Sandstone in the Salt Range, Pakistan are characterised by a range of fluvial facies and architectural elements that together preserve a record of both the proximal and distal parts of a meandering river system that drained the northern margin of MoreDeposits of the Warchha Sandstone in the Salt Range, Pakistan are characterised by a range of fluvial facies and architectural elements that together preserve a record of both the proximal and distal parts of a meandering river system that drained the northern margin of Gondwanaland. Several fining-upward cycles are recognised and completely preserved cycles can be divided in to three parts; a lower part composed of an erosive base with gravel- and coarse sand-grade trough cross-bedded facies, a middle part composed of planar cross-bedded, ripple cross-laminated and horizontally laminated sandstone facies, and an upper part composed predominantly of horizontally laminated and massive mudstone facies. Nine architectural elements are recognised within these cycles and these record the presence of channels, downstream and laterally accreting barforms, laminated sand sheets, crevasse splays, levees, over-bank floodplain units and shallow lakes. A broad range of sedimentary structures is recognised, including different forms of bedding, cross bedding, ripple marks and stratification, channels, flute casts, load casts, desiccation cracks, rain prints, conein- cone structures, a variety of concretions and bioturbation. The occurrence and abundance of these structures varies in a systematic manner throughout the vertical thickness of the succession. Cross bedding is the most prominent and consistent sedimentary structure, including various trough and planar varieties. The clasts are mainly of plutonic and low-grade metamorphic origin, with an additional minor sedimentary component. Textural properties of the sandstone are fine- to coarse-grained, poorly to moderately sorted, sub-angular to sub-rounded and with generally loose packing. Based on modal analyses, the sandstone is dominantly a sub-arkose to arkose. Detrital constituents of this formation are mainly composed of monocrystalline quartz, feldspars (more K-feldspar than plagioclase) and various types of lithic clasts. XRD and SEM studies indicate that kaolinite is the dominant clay mineral. Detailed palaeocurrent analysis reveals a broad unimodal palaeocurrent pattern within each cycle but significant changes in local migration direction between each vertically stacked cycle, supporting the notion of a high-sinuosity system with an overall dominant flow direction to the north-northwest. Petrographic analysis indicates the provenance of the Warchha Sandstone to have been the Aravalli Range to the southeast and the Malani Range to the south of the Salt Range, suggesting northward transport across a broad alluvial plain towards the margin of the Tethys Ocean in the north. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Designing Cell Production Arrangement Scenarios with the Approach of Artificial Neural Networks
Mahdi Ahmadipanah Kamyar Chalaki Roya Shakeri -
Open Access Article
128 - Soure orange skin as an Adsorption for Azo dyes removal from aqueous media
Parya Nasehi -
Open Access Article
129 - بررسی آزمایشگاهی اثر آرایش و تراکم پوشش گیاهی بر ضریب مقاومت جریان
سمیرا سلمان زاده منوچهر فتحی مقدم جواد احدیان سید محسن ساجدیاین مقاله با در نظر گرفتن شرایط هیدرولیکی جریان رودخانه و شرایط مورفولوژیکی پوشش گیاهی در حاشیه و سیلاب­دشت رودخانه انجام شده ­است. نیروی هیدرودینامیکی درگ در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و با استفاده از یک نیروسنج در حضور پوشش گیاهی انعطاف­پذیر به صورت مستقیم اندازه&sh Moreاین مقاله با در نظر گرفتن شرایط هیدرولیکی جریان رودخانه و شرایط مورفولوژیکی پوشش گیاهی در حاشیه و سیلاب­دشت رودخانه انجام شده ­است. نیروی هیدرودینامیکی درگ در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و با استفاده از یک نیروسنج در حضور پوشش گیاهی انعطاف­پذیر به صورت مستقیم اندازه­گیری شد. براین اساس تمامی آزمایش­ها در فلومی تحت عنوان " فلوم لبه چاقویی" با طول 3/8 متر، عرض 8/0 متر و ارتفاع 55/0 متر انجام شد. نمونه پوشش گیاهی انعطاف­پذیر به صورت غیرمستغرق با 3 تراکم 30، 50 و 100 درصد با آرایش زیگزاگی در سه عمق نسبی آب 6/0، 8/0 و 1 مورد آزمون واقع شد. در این مطالعه تراکم پوشش گیاهی با افزایش فاصله و سطح برگ گیاهان تغییر کرد. نتایج نشان داد نیروی درگ به میزان قابل توجهی به آرایش و تراکم پوشش گیاهی به عنوان یکی از ویژگی­های مورفولوژیکی قابل اندازه­گیری گیاه بستگی دارد. نتایج مربوطه می­تواند به عنوان معیار مفید در تخمین مقاومت ناشی از وجود زبری­های گیاهی در رودخانه باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - بررسی تأثیر همزمان مجرای تحتانی پلکانی و گردابشکن بر هیدرولیک جریان عبوری بر سرریز نیلوفری
روزبه آقامجیدی سید حبیب موسوی جهرمی حیدرعلی کشکولیدر دهههای اخیر سد های زیادی ساخته شده اند و یا در حال ساخت می باشند. با توجه به بالا بودن نیاز به آب و نیز فرسایش روز افزون خاک در مناطق مختلف لزوم احداث سد کاملاً محسوس می باشد. در سال 1900 تعداد سد های بزرگ، از 50 عدد تجاوز نمیکرد. ولیکن در بین سال های 1950 الی Moreدر دهههای اخیر سد های زیادی ساخته شده اند و یا در حال ساخت می باشند. با توجه به بالا بودن نیاز به آب و نیز فرسایش روز افزون خاک در مناطق مختلف لزوم احداث سد کاملاً محسوس می باشد. در سال 1900 تعداد سد های بزرگ، از 50 عدد تجاوز نمیکرد. ولیکن در بین سال های 1950 الی 1986 تعداد سد های بزرگ (بیش از 15 متر ارتفاع) بیش از 39000 شمارش گردید. از دهه 70 میلادی ساخت سدها توسعه روز افزونی داشته است. سرریزها بنا بر نوع بهره برداری و نوع پروژه متفاوت است. بهعبارت بهتر سرریزها دارای انواع مختلف می باشند که یکی از این انواع، سریز نیلوفری است. سرریز نیلوفری عبارت است از سرریز جداگانه ای که میتواند جایگزین سرریز جانبی شود. این سرریز از یک دهانه دایروی، یک تبدیل دایروی قائم و یک تونل تحت فشار افقی (یا تقریباً افقی) که نهایتاً آب را از مخزن سد به پایین دست منتقل میکند، تشکیل می شود. به عبارت دیگر، سرریز نیلوفری از یک تاج دایرهای تشکیل می شود که جریان را به یک محور مایل یا قائم هدایت می نماید. در این تحقیق جهت بررسی عملکرد توامان مجرای پلکانی و گرداب شکن برروی هیدرولیک سرریز نیلوفری آزمایشات متعددی با انواع گردابشکن و با انواع مجرای پلکانی انجام پذیرفت، که نتایج حاصل نشان می دهد که بعد از انجام نزدیک 100 آزمایش بهترین مجرای پلکانی مربوط به مجرای 12 پلکان و گردابشکن با ارتفاع و طول کم با آرایش شش تایی است که باعث افزایش دبی عبوری به میزان 23 درصد میشود. لازم به ذکر است که افزایش ضخامت گرداب شکن بیش از هفت درصد شعاع سرریز اثر چندانی بر افزایش ضریب سرریز را ندارد. همچنین میتوان نتیجه گرفت که عملکرد سرریز با آرایش شش تایی دارای بازده و راندمان بالاتری است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Aesthetics of Iranian cinema based on the theme of stranger consciousness of Sohrevardi, cases of Study Siyavash in Takhtjamshid and Green fire
nariman khalili Insha&#039;Allah Rahmati Mohammad ArefThe aesthetics of Iranian cinema based on illuminated stranger consciousness under the title of exemplary cinema is the subject of this article. How the concept of stranger consciousness which means reminding human of his homelessness is created. Escape to the world abo MoreThe aesthetics of Iranian cinema based on illuminated stranger consciousness under the title of exemplary cinema is the subject of this article. How the concept of stranger consciousness which means reminding human of his homelessness is created. Escape to the world above in traditional art is the beginning of our reflection on the connection between illuminated aesthetics and cinema. With Sohrevardi's objective aesthetic approach and with exploring beauty from premiere hypostase de la lumiere des lumieres to the world and confinement of human in exile under the management of the lord of all kinds, one can analyze exemplary films in the Iranian cinema. In this article the theme of homelessness in the Iranian cinema with reference to sheikh Ishraq 's allegorical treatises and with the help of Henry corbin's interpretation and phenomenology has been examined. On the basis of descent and enlightment, in the narratology of films with the theme of stranger consciousness it has been revealed that in the three – dimentional unity of the story ( narrator, narration, and the subject of narration), the narrator is the subject, object and the theme of the epics Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - The role of indigenous knowledge in the protection of Rangelands in Plour, Mazandaran province
Fatemeh Azar Jalal Mahmoudi Ghodratolah HidariThe overall goal of this study is to investigate the impact of indigenous knowledge in ecotourism industry and generate revenue in Poloor region of Mazandaran province. This research is a survey study and information are collected based on questionnaire in the for MoreThe overall goal of this study is to investigate the impact of indigenous knowledge in ecotourism industry and generate revenue in Poloor region of Mazandaran province. This research is a survey study and information are collected based on questionnaire in the format of Likert scale.. The studied population consists of 210 residents of Poloor region and sample size is achieved 111 randomly based on Cochran formula. But in field study , only 70 questionnaires have been completed and the others didn't tend to respond. Research reliability has been calculated by Cronbach's alpha and the value of this coefficient has been 0/803 . Variance analysis tests, Duncan compare means tests , Pearson correlation coefficient and simple regression have been used for data analysis. These analysis have been done by spss software. The results showed that, there's a significant relationship between indigenous knowledge, ecotourism industry and economical prosperity. It means that, with proper management based on indigenous knowledge, it is possible to preserve natural resources areas especially pastures of the above region in addition of tourists attraction, job creation, revenue, cultural preservation of indigenous traditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Estimating the energy gap in greenhouse cucumber production
Bardia Bayat Mohammad Hossein Ansari Marjan Diyanat Ali Mohammadi ‎ Torkashvand -
Open Access Article
134 - Study on the occurrence of Tomato Ringspot Virus (ToRSV) and Prunus Necrotic Ringspot Virus (PNRSV) in some floricultures of Tehran, Alborz, Mazandaran and Markazi Provinces
simin Sabaghian Farshad Rakhshandehroo toofik Elbeaino hamidreza ZamanizadehDuring the growing seasons of the years 2013-2014, Alborz, Mazandaran, Markazi and Tehran provinces were surveyed to assess the distribution of PNRSV and ToRSV in rose plants, field bindweed and common sow thistle weeds grown nearby the sampled roses. A total numbers of MoreDuring the growing seasons of the years 2013-2014, Alborz, Mazandaran, Markazi and Tehran provinces were surveyed to assess the distribution of PNRSV and ToRSV in rose plants, field bindweed and common sow thistle weeds grown nearby the sampled roses. A total numbers of 600 symptomatic and asymptomatic rose leaves and 50 weeds were sampled. Using with the DAS-ELISA serological test, samples were tested. Results indicated that roses are infected to PNRSV with the infection rates of 39.24%, 30.7%, 44.8% and 38.1% and to ToRSV with the infection rates of 38%, 25.6%, 32.3% and 28.3% through in Tehran, Alburz, Mazandaran and Markazi respectively. It was also revealed that PNRSV and ToRSV was respectively 26% and 18% incidence in weeds. Infected samples were mechanically inoculated on herbaceous propagative and indicator plants using with the potassium phosphate buffer pH 7.1 containing the antioxidant materials. To confirm the presence of viral infections in diseased roses and indicator plants, infected plants were analyzed by RT-PCR, using PNRSV-specific primers to amplify a related portion of the PNRSV and ToRSV genomes. Those infected samples have positively reacted with the both specific primers and desired DNA fragments with the size of about 210bp for the coat protein of PNRSV and 500bp for the polymerase of ToRSV were amplified for them. By this research and for the first time, presence of PNRSV and ToRSV in rose plant and herbaceous weeds was assessed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Study on seasonal fluctuations of the fungus Alternaria alternata population, causal agent of Thomson Navel black rot disease in North of Iran
Seyed Vahid Alavi Parsa TeymuriBlack rot, caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl., is one of the important pre and postharvest diseases on Thomson Navel orange fruits in East of Mazandaran. During two years 2010-2011, the experiment was done in two citrus orchards with previous record of the inf MoreBlack rot, caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl., is one of the important pre and postharvest diseases on Thomson Navel orange fruits in East of Mazandaran. During two years 2010-2011, the experiment was done in two citrus orchards with previous record of the infected fruit drop, a 12-years old orchard of Thomson Navel trees on sour orange and an 8-years old orchard of Thomson Navel trees on citrange, with 10 kilometers distance between them in north of Sari. Diameter mean of 50 fruits were measured in each orchard at 10 days intervals from 20 May to 20 September. Stylar end of the fruits was rinsed with Lacto-Tween solution and collected. Total and germinated spores mean on the fruit stylar end was calculated for each orchard. Regression analysis was determined between meteorological and collected data by SAS statistical software. Year effect had a distinctive trait on the results and number of germinated spores was related to temperature and rainfall in first and second years, respectively. Maximum spores accumulation and germination is predictable when the ten days precipitation average reach to more than three millimetre and the temperature mean more than 22 degrees centigrade, based on the results and the maximum infected fruit drop record in summer. This is optimum time for control of the disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Study of the effect of wheat fiber and extract in the physicochemical and sensory properties of orange juice during storage
leyla Nateghi fatemeh Zarei Mahshid RezaeiCurrently, fruit and vegetable-based drinks are very popular among the people. Considering the health benefits of dietary fiber and plant extracts and the high content of bioactive compounds of these substances, enrichment of juices and fruits with these components can, MoreCurrently, fruit and vegetable-based drinks are very popular among the people. Considering the health benefits of dietary fiber and plant extracts and the high content of bioactive compounds of these substances, enrichment of juices and fruits with these components can, in addition to improving the final quality of the drink, improve the health of the consumer. In this study, wheat extract and wheat fiber with concentrations of 0.5, 1, 1.5% were added separately and in a mixture of 50%, 50% to the orange juice drink. Test of pH, Brix, density, viscosity, Antioxidant activity, color evaluation (L *, a *, b *) and sensory evaluation (color, taste, body and general acceptance) during 72 days of storage at refrigerator temperature at intervals of 24 hours after production, 24 day, 48 day and 72 day were evaluated and compared with the control sample (without wheat extract or fiber).The results showed that the use of wheat extract and fiber had a significant effect on physicochemical and colorimetric properties. The use of wheat extract and wheat fiber increased their concentration significantly increased antioxidant activity compared to the control sample. Orange juice sample containing 1% wheat fiber showed the highest overall acceptance score after 72 days of refrigeration and was introduced as the best treatment. By choosing the optimal levels of wheat extract and wheat fiber, it is possible to achieve a useful orange juice with desirable quality properties and high acceptability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Design and Modeling of Ultrasonic Phased Array Testing and Ultrasonic waves propagation Simulation in Metal Plate by Finite Element Software (ABAQUS)
shahram yareieeUltrasonic Phased Arrays are an emerging technology in nondestructive testing and evaluation. The type of linear phased array probe is a prevailing type in which elements are placed side by side and longitudinally. In this paper ultrasonic phased array testing (UPAT) is MoreUltrasonic Phased Arrays are an emerging technology in nondestructive testing and evaluation. The type of linear phased array probe is a prevailing type in which elements are placed side by side and longitudinally. In this paper ultrasonic phased array testing (UPAT) is introduce and in order to modeling and design UPAT consideration of wave equation solution by Finite Element is proposed. ABAQUS 6.14 is used as finite element software. Wave propagation in two form is simulated, straight and inclined. Direct and sectorial scanning is based on these forms of waves propagation. Time delay is the most important issue that should be considered in UPAT modeling. Results of simulation is verified by comparing previous research in UT field. Finally, results in additional to proposed the obvious view of UPAT, it's so useful for properly design probes and defect detection UPAT devices. Using finite element methods in this field is cost and time effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Identifying the boundaries of old Tabarstan based on its political and historical geography
nahid pakzad mohamadreza sharifzade roknabadi davod Mahsa .khoieDue to its special geographical conditions and cultural background, Tabaristan is one of the most important historical regions, and identifying its geographical boundaries as the background of events and the origin of artistic and cultural elements specific to the regio MoreDue to its special geographical conditions and cultural background, Tabaristan is one of the most important historical regions, and identifying its geographical boundaries as the background of events and the origin of artistic and cultural elements specific to the region seems essential for cultural and social studies. If we consider historical geography as a set of political, ethnic and cultural geography of a historical region, the purpose of this research is to examine the historical geography of Tabarstan to identify its scope. The research method was descriptive and analytical in the framework of historical geography and collecting information using library sources. The result of the research shows that Tabaristan, as the home of the Tapuri clans, included many areas from the east to the west of the plain and the northern and southern slopes of Alborz, which, due to its special geographical location, was able to withstand the Aryan immigrants and the Arabs for a long time. With the spread of conflicts with the envoys of the Arab caliphs and the central governments of Iran, the confrontation of local governments and the reduction of their authority, Tabarstan was out of unity and had changes in its borders. The range of border changes is Tabaristan, Dillman in the west, Gorgan in the east and Qoms and Ray in the south. Tabari dialect, along with Tabari customs and traditions, is common beyond the borders of Mazandaran and extends the range of old Tabaristan to the southern foothills of Alborz. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Synthesis of hydrogel based on acrylic acid and its application in the absorption of methyl orange from aqueous solutions
Arman Samadzadeh Mamaghani Mohammadreza Manafi Mohammad HojjatiPoly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) PAM-AA hydrogel by solution polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) using ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator and N',N-methylenebisacrylamide ( MBA) was prepared as a binder. PAM-AA was used to adsorb methyl orange fro MorePoly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) PAM-AA hydrogel by solution polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) using ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator and N',N-methylenebisacrylamide ( MBA) was prepared as a binder. PAM-AA was used to adsorb methyl orange from aqueous solutions. Factors affecting the absorption capacity such as absorption time, initial concentration of methyl orange, amount of superabsorbent hydrogel, pH value were investigated in detail and it was found that PAM-AA is very effective for removing methyl orange from its aqueous solutions. The equilibrium adsorption capacity was 359.89 mg/g at room temperature as initial. The concentration of methyl orange was equal to 3000 mg/liter. The mechanism of the adsorption process was also speculated. The study on the equilibrium adsorption isotherms showed that the adsorption was in accordance with the Langmuir and Freundlich model. Further investigation of the sorption kinetics showed that the sorption process was compatible with the pseudo-second order kinetic model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Reduction of Cramer-Rao Bound in Arbitrary Pre-designed Arrays Using Altering an Element Position
Hamidreza Bakhshi Mohsen Abedini -
Open Access Article
141 - Predictive Power Stock Market IndicesFor The Future Economic Activity,In The Frequency Domain
Amir Mohammad zadeh Parisa Karim khaniFinancial markets are among the influential markets in the economy of every country. Stock market booms and crashes in some countries not only influence their national economies but also have impacts on the global economy. Study of performance of stock market and stock MoreFinancial markets are among the influential markets in the economy of every country. Stock market booms and crashes in some countries not only influence their national economies but also have impacts on the global economy. Study of performance of stock market and stock price index and their effects on economic factors are among issues increasingly being focused by economic and financial researchers.Up to now many studies has been conducted on the causal relationship between stock market indices and economic variables in various countries. These causal relationships have confirmed in some studies and they have rejected in other ones. The innovation of present research is study of Granger causality in frequency domain about which there are no comprehensive studies especially in Iranian context. Present study addresses the causal relationship between gross domestic product (GDP) and stock market variables including stock price index, financial index and industry index in Iranian context and explores if predictive power is concentrated on lower frequencies or higher ones. Main goal of present study is to employ stock market indices to develop a model for prediction of GDP. Results from present study showed that in Iranian context there was no causal relationship between GDP and selected variables related to stock market in frequency domain and stock market indices cannot be used to predict GDP. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - DEA with Missing Data: An Interval Data Assignment Approach
Reza Kazemi Matin Roza Azizi -
Open Access Article
143 - Numerical Analysis of Cyclic Behavior of Beam-To-Column Bolted Connections in Steel Frames
Morteza Rastian Asghar Vatani Oskouieb Hassan Aghabaratic -
Open Access Article
144 - Pillow-Shape Base Isolation System and Its Seismic Behavior
Ali Tayaran Mahmood Hosseini -
Open Access Article
145 - Derivation of Equation of Motion for the Pillow-Shape Seismic Base Isolation System
Ali Tayaran Mahmood Hosseini -
Open Access Article
146 - Improvement of Physiological Growth Indices and Yield of Soybean (Glycine max L.) by Replacing some of Nitrogen with Phosphorus under Moisture Stress
Farasat Sadeghi Mohammad Ali AboutalebianTo study some growth indices of soybean under moisture stress by replacing nitrogen with phosphorus, a field experiment was conducted at the Research Station of Bu-Ali Sina University during the 2017-2018 growing season. The experiment was carried out in a split-factori MoreTo study some growth indices of soybean under moisture stress by replacing nitrogen with phosphorus, a field experiment was conducted at the Research Station of Bu-Ali Sina University during the 2017-2018 growing season. The experiment was carried out in a split-factorial arrangement of treatments based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots consisted of three levels of irrigations (irrigating after 60, 90 and 120 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan). Two levels of nitrogen replacement with phosphorus and without replacement and two levels of phosphorus replacement and without phosphorus replacement assigned to subplots. The results showed that simultaneous replacing of nitrogen and phosphorus in all irrigation levels increased physiological growth indices of leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate. Moisture stress reduced growth rate of the crop significantly. Results also showed that crop growth rate increased 35 to 45 days after planting and reached to its maximum level after 65 days after planting date. After this period, the crop growth rate of soybean decreased and reached to zero about 95-100 days after planting. The highest dry matter accumulation and crop growth rate were obtained from irrigation after 60 mm evaporation and nitrogen-phosphorus simultaneous placement application. According to the results, simultaneous replacing nitrogen and phosphorus, reduced the negative effect of moisture stress on soybean growth indices. Nitrogen replacement with phosphorus increased grain yield by 11.4% as compared to non-replacement of nitrogen with phosphorus and yielded 3855.88 kg.ha-1. In this research, nitrogen replacement with phosphorus under irrigation after 90 mm evaporation prevented significant oil yield loss as compared to irrigation after 60 mm evaporation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - The Effect of Carrier Water Temperature on Glyphosate Efficiency in Pure and Mixed With PC Gate Surfactant in Winter Weeds Control
Ali Asghar ChitbandOne of the important environmental factors for herbicides efficiency is carrier water temperature. To evaluation of Glyphosate (Roundup) with and without PC Gate surfactant on three weeds of Capsella bursa-pastoris L., Sinapis arvensis L. and Descurainia sophia L. contr MoreOne of the important environmental factors for herbicides efficiency is carrier water temperature. To evaluation of Glyphosate (Roundup) with and without PC Gate surfactant on three weeds of Capsella bursa-pastoris L., Sinapis arvensis L. and Descurainia sophia L. control, three experiments carried out with six doses of applied herbicide active ingredients (a.i.) at the outdoor greenhouse of Agricultural Faculty of Lorestan University, Iran, during 2021. The experiment was in factorial based on completely randomized design with five temperature treatments included 5, 20, 30, 45 and 55 ºC (in dose-response arrangements). The results showed that the dry weight of all three weeds Capsella bursa-pastoris L., Sinapis arvensis L. and Descurainia sophia L. were significant by different temperature and doses application of Glyphosate herbicide (P<0.01). The results showed that the application of temperature treatment and different doses of glyphosate herbicide on the dry weight of all three weeds of sachet, wild mustard and common sorrel were significant (P <0.01). According to EC10، EC50 and EC90 values, the best spray temperature solution was the temperature 30 and 45 ºC with no significant differnt to each other for achieving optimum efficacy of Glyphosate. The whole applied doses (the lowest and the highest) efficiency of Glyphosate were reduced in 5 ºC temperature. The temperatures of 20 and 55 ºC had an average effect on Glyphosate doses efficiency. All the EDs of different temperatures have been reduced using by PC Gate surfactant. Therefore, optimum efficacy of Glyphosate could be ranged at spray solution temperature of ≥ 20 and ≤ 45 ºC. The applied dose of 2050 g a.i ha-1 with PC Gate is also recommended as the best herbicide treatment to control winter weeds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Effect of Row Spacing and Herbicide Application on Weed Control, Photosynthetic Pigments and Rapeseed Grain and Oil Yield
morteza noralizadeh otaghsara Ali Nakhzari Moghadam Ebrahim Gholamalipour Alamdari Mehdi Mollashahi Valiollah RameahRapessed is one of the most important oilseed crops. Weeds, also are most important factors that limit the production of the oil crops and greatly affect the quantity and quality of their extracted oils. To investigate the effect of row spacing and herbicide application MoreRapessed is one of the most important oilseed crops. Weeds, also are most important factors that limit the production of the oil crops and greatly affect the quantity and quality of their extracted oils. To investigate the effect of row spacing and herbicide application on photosynthetic pigments and rapeseed yield, a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted during 2017-18 at Bayekola Research Station, Neka, Mazandaran. Factors were planting arrangement in two levels )one and two-row plantings( and weed control in 7 levels of application of herbicides consisting of Trifluralin (Treflan) 2.5 l.ha-1 before planting and mixed with soil, Quinmerac + Metazachlor (Butisan Star) 2.5 l.ha-1 pre-emergence, Trifluralin 2.5 l/ha before planting + Quinmerac + Metazachlor 2.5 l.ha-1 pre-emergence, Chlopyralid (lontrel) 1 l.ha-1 + Haloxyfop-R-Methyl (Super Gallant) 0.8 l.ha-1 at 2 to 4 weeds leaf stage, Paraquat (Gramaxon) 2 l.ha-1 at 4 to 6 weeds leaf stages, weed control and without weed control. The results showed that by changing the planting arrangement and using combination of Trifluralin with Quinmerac + Metazachlor and/or application of Paraquat (as a guided herbicide) in two-row culture, the rapeseed chlorophyll content increased by 38.06% and 34.11% as compared to without weed control. Also, weed dry weight decreased by 87.16% and 94.97%, and rapeseed grain yield increased by 73.4% and 76.79%, respectively, which resulted in increasing crops,s extracted oil. It can be concluded that by modifying the canola planting pattern we can increase canola,s oil yield, and application of guided herbicide or combination of Trifluralin with Quinmerac + Metazachlor, to control weeds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - Representation of third party beneficiary exceptions in the contract
Parviz BagheriReciting of the Third Party Beneficiary Exceptions in the Contract The privity of contract principle, ascertains that the effect of the agreement only puts on the parties of that contract. In the other word, the effectiveness of the contract only goes to the part MoreReciting of the Third Party Beneficiary Exceptions in the Contract The privity of contract principle, ascertains that the effect of the agreement only puts on the parties of that contract. In the other word, the effectiveness of the contract only goes to the parties and their legal representatives. However, there exist some exceptions to this principle which the scope will be determined by the contract itself or by the law on the ground of third party beneficiary. Beneficiary is among the conditions of the dispute submitted to the court. This condition and the capacity of the plaintiff are the fundamental conditions in which the Iranian legislator encounters with challenges. Among the new challenges of the third party beneficiary in contract, is the era of intellectual property of patent law pooland licence contract. The question here is that how can be possible to apply the third party beneficiary in such contracts? The fuduli (unauthorized) arrangement of the others’ property and its sale is the other issues that need to be more scrutinized in the matter of beneficiary. Another question is that is beneficiary in third party beneficiary distanced from the privity of contract principle? Such as; the beneficent of the third party in the case of third party obligation, because according to this principle this is a right for the parties and the third person does not have such a right. The present paper tries to open a new horizon to the beneficiary in the contract and discuss the existed challenges and find suitable answers to the mentioned questions Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Effect of orange waste based nanobiocomposite film containing nettle essential oil and cellulose nanofiber on microbial and chemical characteristics of beef
S.E. Mousavi Kalajahi A. Alizadeh H. Hamishehkar H. Almasi N. AsefiBeef is considered the main source of dietary protein despite being perishable. In this regard, utilization of biodegradable films containing plant essential oils, as antimicrobial compounds, is one of the concepts to prolong the beef shelf life. Accordingly, this study MoreBeef is considered the main source of dietary protein despite being perishable. In this regard, utilization of biodegradable films containing plant essential oils, as antimicrobial compounds, is one of the concepts to prolong the beef shelf life. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the effect of the biodegradable film based on orange waste powder (OWP) containing nettle essential oil (NEO) and cellulose nanofiber (CNF) to increase the shelf life of the refrigerated beef samples stored for 12 days. As well, beef samples were divided into three groups of uncovered (control), wrapped with the OWP-based film without essential oil and nanofiber and wrapped with OWP-base film containing 3% NEO and 6% CNF and the microbial (aerobic mesophilic count, psychrophilic count, and coliform count) and chemical (pH, thiobarbituric acid and volatile nitrogen bases) properties were evaluated at regular intervals (0, 4, 8 and 12days). According to the results, the beef sample wrapped with OWP-base film containing 3% NEO and 6% CNF showed the lowest growth rate of the mentioned bacteria after 12 days of storage; Moreover, the samples covered by the film containing NEO and CNF had lower levels of pH, thiobarbituric acid and volatile nitrogen bases values compared to the other two samples at 12th day of storage. The results of this study indicate that wrapping beef samples with an OWP-based nanobiocomposite film containing 3% NEO and 6% CNF could remarkably prolong its shelf life in refrigerated conditions. TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back // TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back //TRANSLATE with xEnglishArabicHebrewPolishBulgarianHindiPortugueseCatalanHmong DawRomanianChinese SimplifiedHungarianRussianChinese TraditionalIndonesianSlovakCzechItalianSlovenianDanishJapaneseSpanishDutchKlingonSwedishEnglishKoreanThaiEstonianLatvianTurkishFinnishLithuanianUkrainianFrenchMalayUrduGermanMalteseVietnameseGreekNorwegianWelshHaitian CreolePersian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW BackEMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster PortalBack// Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - The effect of using orange peel (Citrus Sinensis) as a biosorbent on the quality properties and heavy metal content of cold-pressed sesame oil
I. Fathollahy R. Hasheminejad S. TalebiNowadays, due to the disadvantages of the conventional methods of removing heavy metals, application of agricultural waste and by-products from food processing as a biosorbent has been considered. This study investigates the effect of orange peel concentration and agita MoreNowadays, due to the disadvantages of the conventional methods of removing heavy metals, application of agricultural waste and by-products from food processing as a biosorbent has been considered. This study investigates the effect of orange peel concentration and agitation time on the quality characteristics and the level of heavy metals (Pb, Fe, Cu, Cd and As) in cold-pressed sesame oil. Results showed that the concentration of orange peel and agitation time significantly affected the quality characteristics and the level of heavy metals (p< 0.05). Compared to the control sample, the values of conjugated diene, conjugated triene, peroxide value, free fatty acids and chlorophyll of samples containing 6 g/l of orange peel decreased by 68.10, 50.66, 49.61, and 15.1, 44 and 65.76%, respectively. But carotenoid and total polyphenol contents increased by 8.03% and 37.30%, respectively. Also, conjugated diene, conjugated triene, peroxide value, free fatty acids and carotenoid decreased up to 30 minutes, chlorophyll decreased up to 45 minutes, and total polyphenol increased up to 45 minutes of agitation. Comparing with control sample, the content of lead, iron, copper, arsenic and cadmium in the oil sample containing 6 g/liter orange peel, decreased by 24.31, 43.49, 47.16, 36.49 and 21.53% respectively. Increasing agitation time up to 60 minutes, decreased the level of Pb, Fe, Cu, As and Cd by 35.87, 50.65, 56.12, 47.81 and 21.50%, respectively. The results showed that orange peel as a biosorbent can improve quality, reduce heavy metals in oil and create added value. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - Comparing of thermal and cold plasma non-thermal pasteurization on bioactive compounds and microbial load of red orange juice (Sanguinello L.)
A. Olyaee Sh. Berenjy L. NateghiNon-thermal methods are introduced to lessen the color degradation and loss of nutritional compounds in fruit juices caused by conventional thermal pasteurization. This research aimed to investigate the effect of cold atmospheric gas phase plasma on physicochemical prop MoreNon-thermal methods are introduced to lessen the color degradation and loss of nutritional compounds in fruit juices caused by conventional thermal pasteurization. This research aimed to investigate the effect of cold atmospheric gas phase plasma on physicochemical properties, bioactive compounds, and microbial load of red orange juice. The results show a significant difference (p≤ 0.05) between the samples treated with cold plasma and thermally pasteurized ones, in terms of physicochemical characteristics (acidity, pH, Brix, and color), bioactive compounds (anthocyanin, total phenol, and vitamin C) and microbial load (yeast/mold population and aerobic bacteria). The microbial load in the samples treated with cold plasma was within the acceptable range approved by the Iranian National Standard. The highest values of bioactive compounds (anthocyanin 51.248 mg/l, total phenol 1988.2 mg/l, and vitamin C 398 mg/l) were observed in the cold plasma pasteurized sample (at 20 kV, for 10 min and atmospheric gas). These values were significantly (p≤ 0.05) higher than those of thermally-pasteurized samples. The results showed that by applying the cold plasma process for the pasteurization of red orange juice, along with obtaining a healthier product, more bioactive compounds are preserved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Effect of Chitosan on some Microbial and chemical quality of orange juice
مریم Jeiranikhameneh یحیی Maghsodloo One of the biggest obstacles towards orange juice trade is its limited shelf-life. Microbial spoilage is among the reasons for declining the quality of orange juice during storage. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of chitosan as a natur More One of the biggest obstacles towards orange juice trade is its limited shelf-life. Microbial spoilage is among the reasons for declining the quality of orange juice during storage. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of chitosan as a natural preservative to increase the shelf-life of orange juice. For this, different concentrations of chitosan including 0, 0.4, 0.8, 1, 1.2, 1.6 and 2 g/L were used. During the storage periodmicrobial (total bacterial count) and chemical(Brix and pH) characteristics were assessed.Resultsshowed that higher concentrations of chitosan significantly (p<0.05) inhibit the proliferation microbial population throughout the storage period. Moreover, application of higher concentrations (1.6, 2 g/L) of chitosan increased the pH and Brix in orange juice. That is to say, minimum Brix (12.03) and maximum pH value (4.51) was found in the samples containing 2 g/L of chitosan. Microbial (total bacterial count) counts showed the highest value of 3.45 log cfu/ml in the control sample, and the lowest quantity of 2.43 was determined at concentrations of 1.6 and 2 g/Lof chitosan. It was concluded that chitosan can be used as a natural preservative to prolong the shelf-life of orange juice. Consequently,it could be use as an alternative for thermal treatments which haveharmful effects on the nutritional properties of orange juice. However, comprehensive evaluations dealing with the effect of chitosan on various microbial groups should be performed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - The Relationship between Market-orientation Culture and Human Resource Productivity: Business Organizations in the Focus
Gholamreza Amini Khiabami Karim HamdiMarket-orientation culture represents a form of creative flexibility the purpose of which is to boost values for market stake holders by prioritizing the role of costumer in all business activities. Productivity, along with efficiency as an inherent economic factor acco MoreMarket-orientation culture represents a form of creative flexibility the purpose of which is to boost values for market stake holders by prioritizing the role of costumer in all business activities. Productivity, along with efficiency as an inherent economic factor accompanying it, is the ultimate goal for numerous business organizations. The purpose of the present enquiry was to find out the extent to which market-orientation culture and productivity of human resources may influence each other. The study is based on the mixed findings regarding the nature of the relationship and the orientation of causality. To serve the purpose, the Granger Causality Test and the Hausman Test in simultaneous equation system were employed. Employing Market-orientation Culture Model of Denison and Human Resource Productivity Model of Hersi and Blanchard, the research data were obtained via direct observation of behavioral attitudes of the personnel working at Yaas Chain Stores in Tehran up to saturation point. The findings indicated significant positive relationship between the two research variables with enhanced human resource productivity boosting market-orientation culture and vice-versa. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - The Structure of Power in Family and its Effect on Social Participation in Shiraz
Bagher Saroukhani, Leila Doodman -
Open Access Article
156 - Assessing and measuring the satisfaction of Mehr Housing Complexes (Pardisan district of Holy city of Qom)
Pakzad Azadkhani Mostafa Tavakoli Naghmeh Mehdi Khodadadmain objective of this paper is to assess the satisfaction of residents from the Mehr Pardisan housing complex in Qom. The method of this analytical-descriptive study and the data gathering tool include documentary and survey studies through distribution of questionnair Moremain objective of this paper is to assess the satisfaction of residents from the Mehr Pardisan housing complex in Qom. The method of this analytical-descriptive study and the data gathering tool include documentary and survey studies through distribution of questionnaires and interviews with residents. The population of this study was the residents of Mehr Pardisan and the sample size was 375 according to Cochran formula. In the section, the validity of the questionnaire was calculated based on Cronbach's alpha test of 0/624. Data analysis was performed using SPSS20 software. Based on the results obtained in the field of housing indices (construction materials, lighting and lighting, furniture and design, facade and landscape, etc.), security, access, transportation, satisfaction Residential, economic, social, environment-friendly satisfaction among citizens was not observed and the results of the analysis of collected data were negative values. Also, the results of the correlation analysis also confirmed the high value of the variable Housing and other variables of security and social satisfaction. The evaluations carried out between the housing index and insecurity (154/0) (the better the housing situation is, the state of insecurity is reduced and vice versa), and between the housing components and the neighborhood satisfaction is 354/0 (the situation Housing is better, more neighborhood satisfaction, and vice versa). At the end of this research, in order to deepen the results of the research, the Hallin and Ton Index have been calculated. The results in the majority of indicators were negative and showed dissatisfaction of citizens with different indicators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - Pathology of Housing Planning System of Low Income Groups in Territorial Spatial Arrangement Approach (Case Study: East Azarbaijan Province)
Masome Aftabi Chovan Ali Panahi Reza ValizadehNowadays, planning and policy-making in the housing sector in the spatial and regional approach, especially affordable housing for low-income groups, is one of the main and most important topics in economic, demographic and social studies. In this regard, the emphasis o MoreNowadays, planning and policy-making in the housing sector in the spatial and regional approach, especially affordable housing for low-income groups, is one of the main and most important topics in economic, demographic and social studies. In this regard, the emphasis on comprehensive and systematic approaches in spatial planning and housing policy in order to provide affordable housing is an inevitable necessity. Given the importance of low-income housing planning based on comprehensive approaches and spatial perspective, the purpose of this study is to diagnose the pathology of low-income housing planning system with emphasis on territorial spatial arrangement approach in East Azerbaijan province to identify the current situation and provide practical solutions to achieve the desired situation. In this regard, the method of the present study is applied in terms of purpose and analytical-exploratory in nature, which in order to analyze the data, has been used the qualitative method of Q-factor analysis. The statistical population of the study also includes city managers and experts familiar with housing planning issues, that the sample size was determined using the Delphi method and according to the quality of the research and the use of in-depth interview method of 14 people. Findings show that the most important housing planning inadequacies of low-income groups in East Azerbaijan province can be expressed by emphasizing the territorial spatial arrangement approach in three factors; housing market economic policies, development policies, urban planning and housing construction, as well as macro (structural) policies, which Explain 77% of the total variance. Housing planning policies also have major shortcomings in the territorial spatial arrangement process of "organizing studies", "assessing the status quo and feasibility" and "foresight". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - رتبه بندی و مدیریت سهام در بازار بورس با استفاده از تحلیل بنیادی و تکنیکی (مطالعه موردی: بورس تهران)
علیرضا علی نژاد ابوالفضل کاظمی کیوان صراف هایکی از دلایل اصلی انجام این پژوهش، عدم اطمینان دست اندرکاران اوراق بهادار در زمینه صحت رتبه بندی سهام بورس بالخص صنعت مالی که یکی از ارکان اصلی بورس میباشد است. در این پژوهش سعی شده است تا با استخراج شاخصهای مورد نیاز جهت رتبه بندی دقیق شرکتها در بازار سرمایه تهران د Moreیکی از دلایل اصلی انجام این پژوهش، عدم اطمینان دست اندرکاران اوراق بهادار در زمینه صحت رتبه بندی سهام بورس بالخص صنعت مالی که یکی از ارکان اصلی بورس میباشد است. در این پژوهش سعی شده است تا با استخراج شاخصهای مورد نیاز جهت رتبه بندی دقیق شرکتها در بازار سرمایه تهران در پروسه خرید سهام کمک نموده و به عنوان راهنمای کلی مدنظر قرار گیرد. از دیگر اهداف اصلی این پژوهش، بکارگیری ترکیبی دو دیدگاه مهم در مسیر یافتن مطلوبترین سهام یعنی تحلیل بنیادی و تحلیل تکنیکی است. لذا در این تحقیق ابتدا پس از تعیین گروه تصمیم گیری(خبرگان بورس) و استخراج شاخصهای اولیه از ادبیات موضوع، با استفاده از روشهای آماری ناپارامتریک به تعیین شاخصهای نهایی پرداخته شده است. سپس با استفاده از تکنیک مقایسات زوجی(بهبود در AHP) جهت تصمیم گیری گروهی به تعیین وزن معیارها با استفاده از تأثیرات متقابل آنها بر یکدیگر اقدام شد. سپس با استفاده از روش PROMETHEE و استخراج اطلاعات مربوط به صنایع مالی خدماتی، ابتدا به رتبه بندی این صنایع و پس از آن به رتبه بندی شرکت­های فعال در صنایع برتر شناخته شده پرداخته شده است. پس از انجام تحلیل بنیادی، با مطالعه ادبیات تحقیق و آنچه که در حال حاضر در شرکتهای کارگزاری به کار گرفته میشود، سه شاخص از مهم ترین و پرکاربردترین شاخص­های تکنیکی را جهت تحلیل تکنیکی شرکت­های برتر شناخته شده انتخاب و در انتها زمان مناسب جهت معامله در بازه زمانی سال 1390 تعیین گردید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - بازده به مقیاس واحدهای تصمیم گیرنده با ورودی ها و خروجی های بازه ای در تحلیل پوششی داده ها
مهدی فلاح جلودارمدلهای اساسی تحلیل پوششی داده ها به گونه ای طراحی شده اند که مقادیر شاخص های ورودی و خروجی باید در آنها مشخص و معلوم باشند. به عبارت دیگر این مدلها برای در نظر گرفتن دادهای نادقیق، بازه ای، فازی، قضاوتی و ... مورد استفاده قرار نمی گیرند. در این مقاله قصد بر آن است تا Moreمدلهای اساسی تحلیل پوششی داده ها به گونه ای طراحی شده اند که مقادیر شاخص های ورودی و خروجی باید در آنها مشخص و معلوم باشند. به عبارت دیگر این مدلها برای در نظر گرفتن دادهای نادقیق، بازه ای، فازی، قضاوتی و ... مورد استفاده قرار نمی گیرند. در این مقاله قصد بر آن است تا ضمن مروری بر تحقیقات گذشته در تعیین کارایی واحدهایی که دارای داده های بازه ای هستند و بیان نقاط ضعف و قوت آنها، روشی برای تعیین بازده به مقیاس واحدهای بازه ای ارایه نماییم Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Investigation of temporal-spatial distribution of Diurnal Temperature Range in Fars province
Hakime Ajdarnia ashraf asadiDiurnal Temperature Range (DTR) is an important indicator for identifying climate change. The purpose of this study is to analyze the seasonal and annual trends of the Diurnal Temperature Range and their changes during the 20-year statistical period from 2001/03/21 to 2 MoreDiurnal Temperature Range (DTR) is an important indicator for identifying climate change. The purpose of this study is to analyze the seasonal and annual trends of the Diurnal Temperature Range and their changes during the 20-year statistical period from 2001/03/21 to 2021/03/20 in Fars province. For this purpose, monthly minimum and maximum temperature data, which are the most important parameters related to climate change and affect ecological activities in 26 stations of the province were obtained from the Meteorological Organization. Among the stations in the province, only 13 stations had a statistical length of more than 20 years, which was selected for review and comparison for this study due to the common period, and the desired index was calculated for the selected stations. After performing the thigh homogeneity test on the data, Mann-Kendall statistical and graphical test was used to determine the trend and the sens slop Estimator Nonparametric Method was used to determine the trend slope rate. The highest trend rates and changes in time were observed in summer and the lowest in autumn. In estimating the sens slope to determine the direction of the index trend, it was revealed that some stations have experienced incremental changes of more than 2 degrees Celsius. Maps of trend type and amount of changes were also drawn. Examination of the maps showed that the western half of the province has experienced an increasing trend and the highest rate of change can be seen in the same area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Shifts in Köppen-Geiger climate zones over Balochistan plateau of Pakistan and its potential challenges to Iran
محمدیوسف احمدپور محمدیوسف احمدپور تقی طاوسی تقی طاوسی حمید نظری پور حمید نظری پور Climate classification systems(CCSs) are important tools for understanding the specific characteristics of a region's climate. The main purpose of these classifications is to determine the climate types and to find their similarities, differences and variability. More Climate classification systems(CCSs) are important tools for understanding the specific characteristics of a region's climate. The main purpose of these classifications is to determine the climate types and to find their similarities, differences and variability. Climate zones are threatened by global warming and climate change. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the possible shifts of climate zones over the Balochistan plateau of Pakistan and its potential challenges to Iran based on the improved Koppen-Geiger CCSs. The data includes average monthly precipitation and temperature of the Delaware university dataset for the 1990-2017 periods. The results show the main climate with two subgroups in the study area. These climates include a hot desert climate(BWh) and a cold desert climate(BWk). The hot desert climate is dominated in southern and western and the cold desert climate in northern and western regions.In recent decades, the increasing range of hot desert climate limited the cold desert climate. The range of the cold desert climate has declined sharply, reaching from about 55-65 to about 50-55 percent. In contrast, the range of hot desert climate increased in response to these conditions, reaching from about 35-45 to about 45-50 percent.Therefore, it is expected that the zones of the hot desert climate will increase rapidly in the future. These conditions will add to environmental quality and resource depletion problems especially in border areas with Iran and can pose important challenges such as climate migration, border security, and health. The results of this research can play a significant role in adopting forward-looking policies to address the impacts and challenges of climate change on the border regions of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Habitat suitability modeling Stipa barbata species using Ecological Niche Factor Analysis (case study: Taleghan Rangelands)
محمدعلی زارع چاهوکی محبوبه عباسیThis study was done aimed to determine the habitat suitability of S. barbata species using ecological niche factor analysis in rangeland of Taleghan miany. Stipa barbata species has good quality and the preference value that is important in soil conservation and forage MoreThis study was done aimed to determine the habitat suitability of S. barbata species using ecological niche factor analysis in rangeland of Taleghan miany. Stipa barbata species has good quality and the preference value that is important in soil conservation and forage production for livestock. In order to habitat suitability modeling for this species were used than presence point and the soil variables such as the information layers of gravel, pH, lime, organic matter, N, K, P, sand, clay, silt and topographic variables maps (slope, aspect and Height) were used as variables affecting the species. The results of the study indicate that in the habitat suitability of S. barbata species in the study area environment variables height, direction of North, EC has a negative impact and depth, lime, organic matter and pH variables has a positive impact, And have been important factors. Accuracy model is calculated 87/5% using continue Boyce index that to verify the accuracy of the model results. Kappa coefficient obtained by matching the prediction map with ground truth equal 0.76. According to the results obtained values marginality (1.64), specialization (8.39) and toleranc of (0.119) obtained from the model, it can be concluded that the S. barbata species is specialty relative to the specific conditions of the environment variables, and tolerate the specific domain of environmental variables in the range the study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Determining rangeland suitability model for sheep grazing using GIS (case study: Baqeran watershed)
Einollah Rouhi Moghaddam حلیمه جلورو هادی معماریانAbstract Rangeland ecosystems are considered as one of the most complex ecosystems and there is the close relationships between its components. This implies that rangeland resources in every area be evaluated properly for each kind of utilizations and also land suitabil MoreAbstract Rangeland ecosystems are considered as one of the most complex ecosystems and there is the close relationships between its components. This implies that rangeland resources in every area be evaluated properly for each kind of utilizations and also land suitability is specified for each land use. The aim of this study was determining ranges suitability for sheep grazing in Baqeran watershed, South Khorasan, that has been performed using FAO method in GIS. In this study three factors including forage production, water resources and sensitivity to erosion were considered among physical and vegetation factors which have been provided as three sub-models. The final model of range suitability show that high slope and distance from water resources are the most important factors to decrease land suitability for this land use. It was also observed the 32.63 % of rangelands were grouped at S2 class (medium), 21.13 % were grouped at S3 class (low- suitability) and 18.06 % at N class (non – suitable). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Economic and technical evaluation of ground skidding in the logs exploitation system with Timber Jack and Clark Ranger
farshad keivanbehjo zeynab poorgholiThe purpose of this research is to evaluate the economic (production and cost) and technical (limitations) of current exploitation is to provide suggestions for increasing productivity and reducing forest exploitation costs. This study was carried out in parcel 237 of C MoreThe purpose of this research is to evaluate the economic (production and cost) and technical (limitations) of current exploitation is to provide suggestions for increasing productivity and reducing forest exploitation costs. This study was carried out in parcel 237 of Chafroud, Shanderman watershed. For this purpose, the study of production and cost in the method of skidding system logs using two machines Timber Jack 450C and Clark Ranger 666 BDS was performed. The results of time studies and regression analysis indicate that each turning time of skidding with Timber Jack 450C have the greatest effect on the distance from the skidding distance, winching distance and interaction between skidding distance and skid slope, while each boat time using Clark Ranger 666 the greatest effect is from the interaction between skidding distance and loading volume, the interaction between the skidding distance and the slope of the skid trail and the slope of the winch. The study of the production rate of the two machines showed that the production rate of the Timber jack 450C and Clark Ranger 666 BDS were 22.93m³ and 19.29m³ per hour, respectively. The results of statistical comparisons of production rates and production unit costs in two machines show that there is a significant difference between the two machines (p = 0.04, p = 0.03). In addition, the results of a technical review of two machines suggest that the Timber jack 450C is more efficient than the Clark Ranger 666. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - Examination of factors affecting non-compliance with the grazing capacity (Case study: Sub watershed Nej of watershed basin of Baledeh)
jalal mahmoudi raheleh eslami khadige mahdaviThe rangelands is considered the most significan bed of stable enviroment and ecolog pheno mind. Omitting exploitation system and management of Godship resources have caused confusion of exploitation system from rangeland at recent year . Recent study has done below the MoreThe rangelands is considered the most significan bed of stable enviroment and ecolog pheno mind. Omitting exploitation system and management of Godship resources have caused confusion of exploitation system from rangeland at recent year . Recent study has done below the Nej area that is one of the subsection Noor roud irrigation sphere at Baledeh division of Noor city . Statistic society of recent research constitutes exploitators of range management plans at studied regoin with 485 person.sample number assigned 57 person base on kookran formula. Information was gatheered by using questioniair and skelation of likret spectrum: facial validity method was used for validity appointment and obviousness questionidre and Cronbach's alpha,s method was obtained equal to .0801. For data analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, ANOVA and also multivariate regression were used. data analysis by using SPSS VER. 19 software was done. The obtained results of above tests showed that economic education and popularization condition variety had meaning ful relation ship with oasture capacity respect.Two variable like literacy levelllll and expliotators awarness and law execution method has no menaningful relationship with pasture capacity respect. While at the studied regoin, governed economic condtion on local society isn,t much suitable for being low income, suitable noun employment, topography special condition and also no necessary science and awarness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - Application of fuzzy logic method to investigate beekeepers potential in Tamin Rangelands – Mirjaveh County
Marzieh Gorgi Hossein Piri Sahragard Soheila NooriAssessing the potential of rangelands for the development of multi-purpose use and the propre utilization of the capabilities of these resources is a serious challenge for managing pastures. in this regard, this research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the comp MoreAssessing the potential of rangelands for the development of multi-purpose use and the propre utilization of the capabilities of these resources is a serious challenge for managing pastures. in this regard, this research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the competence of the Tamin rangelands in order to develop beekeepers by using Fuzzy logic method in the arc GIS software environment in the Tamin rangelands in northern Taftan. For this purpose, sampling was carried out in vegetation brigades of the region by systematic randomization method with the establishment of three 300 meter transects. After determining the effective measures in determining the suitability of beekeepers using the proposed FAO method, effective measures were firstly weighed by experts . in the next step Fuzzy logic was applied to the criteria. Generally, the results of apiculture model In Fuzzy logic method showed that 24.9 of land units was classified as high suitable (S1), 28.2 with moderate suitability(S2), 40.6 with low suitability(S3) and 6.3 non suitable (N) for use apiculture. In addition, the index weight of vegetation cover factor (0.84) is more than access to water resources (0.81) and environmental and physical factors (0.37). According to the results of Fuzzy logic method, the eastern regions of the rangelands of Tamin have a higher suitability for apiculture, and this should be considered in the development of apiculture and vegetation management in the rangelands of Tamin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - Evaluation of structural and functional characteristics of ecological spots using the LFA
Maasoumeh Movaghari Leila KhalasiKhuzestan province is one of the provinces that have been struggling with the phenomenon of dust in recent years and has suffered many economic, social and environmental consequences. This research was conducted to identify the ecological components in the sand dunes of MoreKhuzestan province is one of the provinces that have been struggling with the phenomenon of dust in recent years and has suffered many economic, social and environmental consequences. This research was conducted to identify the ecological components in the sand dunes of Zoeir in Khouzestan province with the aim of evaluating soil level indices by LFA method. This region is located at 48.1 km distance from Ahvaz city. Sampling unit in this research was linear transect. Ecological spots and the spaces between them were determined during each transect and then five repetitions were selected randomly between them. Then, eleven soil indices that determine three functional characteristics (stability, permeability and nutrient cycle of the elements) were scored according to Tongway and Hindly) 2003(. Then, three functional features were determined based on the scores of related indices, Using LFA software. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis and comparison of ecological spots. The result showed that the highest percentage of soil stability is related to tree spots and the smallest percentage refers to the spatial space (bare soil). Also, the highest percent of the nutrient cycle was related to tree and tree trunk spots and the spatial space (bare soil) with the forbs spot had the lowest food cycle. Also, contrary to the research hypotheses, the highest percentage of permeability belonged to the bare soil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - Evaluation of ornamental ability of some Allium plants using two methods of principal component analysis and scoring of aesthetic characteristics (Case study: Summer rangelands of Noorrud watershed)
leila darvishi hossien barani mosa akbarloo hassan ghelichniaThe aim of this study was to evaluate the ornamental ability of Allium plants using two methods of principal component analysis and scoring their aesthetic characteristics in the summer pastures of Nourrood watershed.In order to determine the habitat of each of these sp MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the ornamental ability of Allium plants using two methods of principal component analysis and scoring their aesthetic characteristics in the summer pastures of Nourrood watershed.In order to determine the habitat of each of these species,5 to10 plant bases were determined and marked on the site. Then all phenological and morphological characteristics of these marked bases were measured and recorded.The experiment was performed based on a completely randomized design with8 treatments and 5replications. Treatments included8species of allium.To determinethe ornamental capacity of the studied species, cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used and important characteristics in terms of decoration suchas flowering stem height, inflorescence diameter, plant width,duration of flower on the plant And leaf area was examined.Based on thefirst and second components, which explained93.74%of the differences between the data, the relevant biplot was drawn Also, in another method,images of these plants were recorded using a camera at different angles and regarding their aesthetic value from three different statistical groups,including the community and indigenous people, experts in the fieldof flowers and ornamental plants and people of art and cyberspace.A questionnaire was conducted and a total of 264 questionnaires were prepared. Evaluation of ornamental abilities using the twomethods studied showed that A bodeanum, A akaka, elburzensis species with large inflorescence diameter and beautiful purple color and A ampeloprasum species due to their high height and long leaf and flower duration,Can be introduced as plants with good ornamental ability and can be planted in these areas Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - Comparison of chemical compounds of Hymenocrater elegans bunge with other species Hymenocrater genus under different climates (Case study: altitude Baladeh Noor of Mazandaran)
Fatemeh Mirmohammadishektaei mohammad mahdavi Mohammad hasan JouriBeautiful Arvaneh flower has antioxidant, antifungal and antibacterial properties and has aromatic, fragrant essential oil and antimicrobial effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of this species in Baladeh Noor region of Mazandaran. MoreBeautiful Arvaneh flower has antioxidant, antifungal and antibacterial properties and has aromatic, fragrant essential oil and antimicrobial effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of this species in Baladeh Noor region of Mazandaran. The plant aerial parts were collected at the flowering stage, It was then dried at room temperature, after that essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation method. Analysis of essential oil compounds was performed using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatograph connected to mass spectrometer (GC / MS). The results showed that the highest essential oils percentages were Tetramethyl tricycle (27.49%), Acetaldehyde Ethanal (21.64%), Butenamide (21.47%), Ethylamine (20.34%), Methanonaphthalene (18.23%) and Labda (12.25%), Cyclopropane, 1-bromo (7.74%).According to this the study results and previous studies on Hymenocrater elegans bunge species and other species related to the same genus, it can be said that the characteristics of different plant species, even from one species and one genus, change the composition of essential oils extracted from them. it is suggested to pay more attention to these factors in order to make optimal use of medicinal plants and better extract active ingredients Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - The Effect of Biomechanical Operations on Rangeland Vegetation (Case Study: Rangelands of Abarkooh, Yazd)
saeede sedghiExecution of rainfall storage operationsis is one of the most important methods of improving and restoring rangeland vegetation. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of rainfall storage on vegetation factors in winter rangelands of Abarkooh, Yazd. The succ MoreExecution of rainfall storage operationsis is one of the most important methods of improving and restoring rangeland vegetation. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of rainfall storage on vegetation factors in winter rangelands of Abarkooh, Yazd. The success of biomechanical operations was evaluated through the analysis of vegetation factors including canopy cover, production, regeneration, and density in four treatments: control, pitting, contour furrows, and crescent ponds. The sample was selected through random – systematical method of sampling with the establishment of transects and plots. One-way between groups ANOVA was run in order to analyze the data. The results showed that the studied factors had a significant difference at the statistical level of one percent (P <0.01). So that in the crescent ponds method Percentage of canopy, production, density and regeneration of plant species had the highest value with 8.5, 39.25, 6.6 and 3.9, respectively, in comparison with the other two methods. These factors did not show a significant difference with the control in contour furrows and Pitting methods. The results of this study showed that crescent ponds had a greater effect on restoration and increase of vegetation compared with contour furrows meter and pitting methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - Comparison of the Efficiency of Some Soil Infiltration Models Based on the Data Obtained from Double Rings in Different Land Uses (Case Study: Mikhsaz Watershed) (Case Study: Mikhsaz Watershed)
Raziyeh Kojouri mohammad reza javadiThe process of water infiltration into the soil plays a very important role in the water cycle in nature. The importance of this phenomenon has led many researchers to focus their studies in this regard. So that, they can estimate it by providing a suitable model. Since MoreThe process of water infiltration into the soil plays a very important role in the water cycle in nature. The importance of this phenomenon has led many researchers to focus their studies in this regard. So that, they can estimate it by providing a suitable model. Since, conducting infiltration studies in the field is costly and requires a lot of times, therefore, different models are used to estimate the amount of infiltration, and each of these models shows a good fit with experimental data in certain conditions. In the present research, At first, infiltration was measured using the method of double rings in forest, Rangeland and agricultural, land uses. Then, the data of infiltration values obtained from Kostiakov, Horton, Green-Ampt, American soil conservation service(SCS) and Phillip models were evaluated using Nash-Sutcliff adequacy index, explanation index and average error criterion in order to determine the most suitable infiltration estimation model. The results showed that in agricultural land use; American soil conservation service(SCS) model (with average R2=0.890, ME=1.8 and NSE=0.805), in rangeland use; American soil conservation service(SCS) model (with an average of R2=0.927, ME=0.837 and NSE=0.936) and in forest land use, the Philip model (with an average of R2=0.991, ME=0.946 and NSE =0.893) were introduced as the most suitable model in determining the estimation of Infiltration values. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - Effects of Woody Plants on Rangeland Ecosystems Function
gholam Ali heshmati paria KamaliTo shed light on the relationship between vegetation and soil will help to identify rangelands potential and functions. As an integral part of rangelands, woody plants play a substantial role in constituting soil properties. The present study was aimed to investigate th MoreTo shed light on the relationship between vegetation and soil will help to identify rangelands potential and functions. As an integral part of rangelands, woody plants play a substantial role in constituting soil properties. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of woody plants on rangelands functions in Parvar region, Semnan province. According to landscape function analysis method (LFA), the number of eleven soil features on three woody plant structures (closed, semi- closed and open canopy) with three transects were studied along which five replicates on per patch as well as bare soil considered. Then factors measured on three parameters of stability, infiltration and nutrient cycling were classified as per each structure. The results showed that woody species with closed canopy have more contributes in improving rangeland function indices, including stability, infiltration and nutrient cycling compared to those relatively closed and open. On the other hand, the shorter woody species have greater contribution in soil stability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - Investigation and determining environmental factors affecting on distribution of rangeland habitats in Southeast of Sabalan
behnam bahrami ardavan ghorbaniAbstract Relationships between environmental factors and vegetation is an essential step in order to recognize the effective factors on growth and establishment of species plants and identify habitats. The purpose of this study was MoreAbstract Relationships between environmental factors and vegetation is an essential step in order to recognize the effective factors on growth and establishment of species plants and identify habitats. The purpose of this study was investigation of relation between environmental factors and rangeland habitats and to determine the most important affecting factors in the segregation of rangeland habitats of Southeast Sabalan, which is located in Ardabil province. Sampling was done using random-systematic method. In this rangeland ecosystem, sampling was conducted with the selection of 45 sites in southeast of Sabalan, and inside of each site 3 large 10 m2 plots with the distance of 40m from each other along of a 120m transect was selected. Inside of the plots, the list of the plants and canopy cover were determined. From these plots, soil samples were collected from two depths of 0-15 and 15-30 cm and the climatic characteristics such rainfall and temperature, topographic features suchas elevation, slope and aspect, soil features such texture, electrical conductivity, acidity, organic matter (C), phosphorus and potassium were measured. To determine the relationship between environmental factors and plant distribution based on each plots a multivariate analysis (ordination) was used. Ordination of plant communities based on environmental factors using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) and Representational Difference Analysis (RDA) methods was performed. Results indicate that on the study area, physiographic attributes (elevation and aspect) have significant effects on the distribution of rangeland habitats. The CCA results of environmental factors indicate that the first and second axes with eigen values 0.703 and 0.519 and variance 11.5 and 20 respectively justify habitat changes and environmental factors in the study area. The results of this study can be used in the management of rangeland ecosystem improvement and remidation of the Southeast Sabalan and the same areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - Effects of species diversity changes on soil organic matter particle of mountainous rangeland of West Azerbaijan
behnam bahrami reza erfanzadeh javad moetamediIn this study, For evaluating the effect of Prangos uloptera and accompanying species on the components of soil organic matter and distribution of aggregates, mountainous rangelands of Khaneghah-Sorkh of Urmia was selected. Sampling was conducted random-systematically. MoreIn this study, For evaluating the effect of Prangos uloptera and accompanying species on the components of soil organic matter and distribution of aggregates, mountainous rangelands of Khaneghah-Sorkh of Urmia was selected. Sampling was conducted random-systematically. Initially, two locations beside of each other were selected, and then 4 sites, which were the representative of each location, were selected for sampling. Soil samples were collected from 0-15 and 15-30cm depth and totally 32 soil samples for each location from two depths were collected. Particulate organic matter- Carbon (POM-C) and Particulate organic matter- Nitrogen (POM-N), Percentage of coarse and fine aggregates and existing carbon of them were examined and analyzed. Results of variance analysis show that except the percentage of coarse aggregate all other investigated factors were increased by the increase of accompanied species diversity with each base of Prangos uloptera in the second location. Particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, carbon associated with coarse and fine aggregates percentage is significantly influenced by the high diversity of the accompanied plant species with the Prangos uloptera in the second location. Results of this study showed the rapid effects of management changes on the particulate organic matter and also proved the variability of particulate organic matter in the soil under the change of management practices on vegetation. Moreover, the increase of particulate organic matter can be unstable, thus management of vegetation and species diversity of rangeland ecosystems must be conserved for long time, till we have seen positive increase in soil organic carbon Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - Analysis the relationship between yield and area, animal unit and the number of exploiter in rangelands (Case Study: Isfahan Summer Range Management Plans)
raufiraad valiollah Gh heidari Setareh BagheriAbstract The goal of this study is to investigate the relationship between rangeland area, the number of exploiter, and animal unit to Range Management plan. First, the list of summer range of Isfahan plans was prepared. Then, rangeland area, the rangeland yield, the n MoreAbstract The goal of this study is to investigate the relationship between rangeland area, the number of exploiter, and animal unit to Range Management plan. First, the list of summer range of Isfahan plans was prepared. Then, rangeland area, the rangeland yield, the number of exploiter, and the animal unit were pulled out from the Range plans. Next, the number of existing animals in rangelands was counted. The number of samples was determined 90, among 226 Summer Range Management Plans, using Cochran's formula. Samples contain 45 plans of one exploiter and 45 plans of the group (plans which had more than one exploiter). Finally, the relationship between the rangeland area, the number of exploiter and animal unit (separately and commonly) and rangeland's yield were analyzed in both one exploiter's rangeland and group rangelands. Then, yield in two group's rangeland was compared. Also the number of existing animal and animal unit in each group (separately) were compared. Results indicated that a negative significant relationship was found between the yield and the rangeland area in both one exploiter rangelands (P≤ 0.01) and group rangelands (P≤ 0.05). A significant relationship was found between rangeland the yield and the animal unit in each two group's rangeland (P≤ 0.01). There is no significant difference (P≤0.05) between yields in two group's rangeland. Finally, a significant relation was found between the number of existing animal and animal unit in each two group's rangeland. Hence, sustainable rangeland management can be achieved by the selection of the number of animal unit based on rangelands area and yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - An Investigation of Range Types Condition and trend in Ala region of Semnan
fatemeh farzanepey Nahid alipoor Negin Pak Hasan Kaboli Tayebeh MesbahzadehAbstract More than the half of Iran area included rangelands that are as important as an economic and social revolution bed of Iran tribes. Vegetation determination and rangeland statue detection using recognized methods help us for optimum using and destruction preven MoreAbstract More than the half of Iran area included rangelands that are as important as an economic and social revolution bed of Iran tribes. Vegetation determination and rangeland statue detection using recognized methods help us for optimum using and destruction prevent and needed balance consideration of rangeland. Ala region of Semnan is considerable as a rangeland in order to great area and species rich that in this study was investigated. In this study vegetation map and floristic list of region was prepared using satellite images and geographical information system and desert visits and we use 4 factors method for rangeland statue analysis. In this study at the first working unit were provided in 3907.4 area for vegetation research of Ala region. Major rangeland species of each type for each working unit were identified based on regulated tables and forms and the type name was determined according to medium dominance of canopy. There dominant plant type was detected in this region included Artemisia, Holxylon and Peganum. The results show that rangeland statue in studied region is poor with considering measuring and estimations and tendency go toward retro gradation. So in this rangeland the management methods and their applying methods are so important. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - Evaluation of neural network and regression models to predict species diversity using some soil and physiographic factors (Case Study: Kharabeh Sanji watershed of Urmia)
Behnam Bahrami Ardovan GhorbaniDirect measurement of species diversity is a time consuming and cost effective and somewhat unreliable because of errors in the sampling. This study was conducted by the aim of determining low cost factors for predicting species diversity using artificial neural network MoreDirect measurement of species diversity is a time consuming and cost effective and somewhat unreliable because of errors in the sampling. This study was conducted by the aim of determining low cost factors for predicting species diversity using artificial neural network, adaptive- fuzzy neural network and regression models. Sampling was conducted using randomized-systematic method from 60 plots along 6 transects with 100m long and from 0-30cm of soil depth. Vegetation data were recorded to calculate species diversity by Shannon-wiener index. Moreover, for determining the affective factors on species diversity, electrical conductivity, pH, bulk density, percentages of organic matter, clay, silt, wet saturation, coarse and fine aggregates and slope and elevation were measured and determined. Then species diversity was determined using multii-layer perceptron neural network, adaptive-fuzzy neural network and regression models. The results show that criteria such as root mean squire error and efficiency coefficient of the regression model were 0.14 and 0.39, in artificial neural network 0.07 and 0.86 and for adaptive- fuzzy neural network 0.09 and 0.7, respectively. that Shannon wiener index was 1.98 for the study area. The artificial neural network model as a powerful tool in predicting species diversity in comparison with the multiple linear regression analysis and neural network-fuzzy adaptive models showed reliable results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - Determining rangeland suitability model for sheep grazing using GIS (case study: Baqeran watershed)
halime joloroo عین اله rouhi moghaddam Hadi memarianAbstract Rangeland ecosystems are considered as one of the most complex ecosystems and there are the close relationships between its components. This implies that rangeland resources in every area, be evaluated properly for each kind of utilizations and also land MoreAbstract Rangeland ecosystems are considered as one of the most complex ecosystems and there are the close relationships between its components. This implies that rangeland resources in every area, be evaluated properly for each kind of utilizations and also land suitability is specified for each land use. The aim of this study was determining ranges suitability for sheep grazing in Baqeran watershed, South Khorasan that has been performed using the FAO method in GIS. In this study three factors, including forage production, water resources and sensitivity to erosion were considered among physical and vegetation factors which have been provided as three sub-models. The final model of range suitability shows that high slope and distance from water resources are the most important factors to decrease land suitability for this land use. It was also observed the 32.63 % of rangelands were grouped in the S2 class (medium), 21.13 % were grouped at S3 class (low- suitability) and 18.06 % of N class (non – suitable). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Ecological investigation of changes in rangeland condition and its relationship to poisonous plants
Kourosh Khalatbari Mohammad hasan Jouri Hamid reza MehrabiSevere variations of exploitation structure in rangeland are caused to shakeup of plants vegetation in which invasion of poisonous plants in bare areas is a symbol of this deviation. Inkling of the rangeland condition’s values is brought about accurate decision to MoreSevere variations of exploitation structure in rangeland are caused to shakeup of plants vegetation in which invasion of poisonous plants in bare areas is a symbol of this deviation. Inkling of the rangeland condition’s values is brought about accurate decision to exploitation management in the rangeland. In order to investigating of this diversity processes, rangelands of Javaherdeh (Ramsar) under three treatments, include long term exclosure (30 years), short term exclosure (7 years), and grazing area, were selected. Collecting of species was done by patrolling in the sites and recognition of plants was also done by reliable references. Some plots are laid fortuitously down in order to determine the rangeland trend and condition which are settled by Trend Balance and six-factor methods. With a view to determine the utilision rate of poisonous plants by animal, Bit-count method was employed. Results showed that there are 133 species from 19 families and 56 genera in the study area. There are also 39 toxic plants in good (long-term exclosure), fair (7 years exclosure), and poor conditions (grazing area). 46 species are used by animal that 15 species of them were venomous plants. The study of rangeland condition trends, therefore, is shown that because of overgrazing or long term grazing, invader species, include unpalatable and toxic plants, occupy the land where palatable-endemic species depopulate it. Some poisonous species, however, exist in their own ecologic niches that occupy the bare land when there is not any palatable species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - Evaluation of the factors affecting on beneficiaries’ participation in Range Management Plans Case study: Rural restrict of Nemarestagh of dependencies of part of Larijan Amol
jalal mahmoudi amin roudgar seyedeh khadigeh mahdaviRangeland country include over 52% of the country's size requirement Proper management practices with aim preserve, restore, development and optimize utilization is. In this regard, Range Management Plans prepared in certain area in rangeland and for enforcement was giv MoreRangeland country include over 52% of the country's size requirement Proper management practices with aim preserve, restore, development and optimize utilization is. In this regard, Range Management Plans prepared in certain area in rangeland and for enforcement was given beneficiaries for action. So Understanding of factors affecting on beneficiary’s participation in Range Management Plans is emergency and for this purpose research in summer rangelands Nemarestagh of dependencies of part of Larijan Amol was done. The tool of research is questionnaire. The population this research are beneficiary’s summer area. 53 beneficiaries were selected random. For determination effective factors at beneficiaries’ participation in Range Management Plans enforcement in area was used descriptive statistics and k-square test, Pearson correlation coefficients and path analysis by using SPSS software. Result this research show that factors for example annual income, extension Classes, Supply inputs beneficiaries’ participation in Range Management Plans increase and level of education and increase age decrease beneficiaries’ participation in Range Management Plans. Also any negligence and timely government promises not practical, because of a lack of trust beneficiaries to government and implementers of plans and reduce of their participation. The ability and knowledge of beneficiaries in understanding of the plan goals higher, as well as problems and obstacles less and the amount of their contributions to the implementation of range management plan would be increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - Effects of different harvesting intensities and phenological stages on soluble carbohydrate reserve variabilities of Halocnemum strobilaceum and Halostachys caspica (Case study: Rangelands of Gomishan city, North-Western of Golestan Province)
Majid Sharifi-Rad Gholamali Heshmati Mohammad Bagher Bagherieh-NajjarThis study examines the variability in soluble carbohydrate reserves of Halocnemum strobilaceum and Halostachys caspica at various harvesting intensities (no harvesting (as control), 25%, 50%, and 75%) and different growth stages (vegetative, flowering, and seeding) in MoreThis study examines the variability in soluble carbohydrate reserves of Halocnemum strobilaceum and Halostachys caspica at various harvesting intensities (no harvesting (as control), 25%, 50%, and 75%) and different growth stages (vegetative, flowering, and seeding) in the aerial (stems) and underground (root) parts. The results showed that different harvesting intensities had significant effects on soluble carbohydrate reserves in the two species (P≤0.05). In both species no harvesting (control) had maximum soluble carbohydrate reserves and with increasing of harvesting intensity, the soluble carbohydrate reserves significantly decreased so, due to the negative effects of 50% and 75% harvesting levels on soluble carbohydrate reserves, more than 25% harvesting level must be avoided as it damages the soluble carbohydrate reserves of the species. Also the results showed that plant growth stage and plant part type had significant effects on soluble carbohydrate reserves in the two species. In terms of the total amount of soluble carbohydrate (stem+ root), there was significant difference between two species. With the growth progresses, the amount of soluble carbohydrates significantly increased in both species. Therefore, we can consider the seeding stage as the best time for grazing in the studied species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - Determination Of Secondary Materials In Leaves And Orange Fruit (Thompson) In Four Geographical Directions Crown Of The Tree In Golestan Province
Saeed Danesh Khodayar Hemmati Sadegh AtashiOrange (Citrus sinensis L.) is a tree of which leaves, flowers, fruit and fruit skin lesions have been used in different industries including cosmetics, health and food industries. Orange fruit rich in vitamin C and other active substances such as phenols and flavonoids MoreOrange (Citrus sinensis L.) is a tree of which leaves, flowers, fruit and fruit skin lesions have been used in different industries including cosmetics, health and food industries. Orange fruit rich in vitamin C and other active substances such as phenols and flavonoids, which is the very useful for human health.The aim of this study was to investigate the different secondary substances in leaves and fruits (Thompson) in four geographical directions of tree crown. Treatments, including four geographical crown directions (north, south, east and west) and two different organs: leaves and fruit.This study was carried out using the factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications. Biochemical parameters contents of total phenol, total flavonoids, antioxidants, total soluble sugar, Naringin and hesperidin were assessed. The amount of phenols, flavonoids, antioxidant activity and total soluble sugar was measured by spectrophotometer. The amount of Naringin and hesperidin was measured by HPLC.Based on the results, The highest rate of total soluble sugar was observed in the result of interaction of the eastern direction and fruit. The highest rate of Naringin And Hesperidin was observed in the interaction of southern direction and fruit.The highest rate of phenol were observed in interaction of western direction and fruit. The highest rate of flavonoid was in interaction between eastern direction and fruit. The highest total antioxidant activity was in interaction between eastern direction and fruit.according to the results of this experiment, it has been specified that geographical directions of south and east have the maximum effect on the biochemistry characteristics and fruit organ, This may be due to the better and more light received in these parts of the tree canopy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - Effect of size and canopy position on physicochemical properties, carbohydrate, and bioactive compounds of Thomson Navel orange (Citrus sinensis cv. Thomson Navel)
somayeh Rezaei Javad Fatahi moghadam Parvaneh Rahdari Babak Babakhani Mahmoud AsadiCitrus fruits contain numerous beneficial bioactive compounds including vitamin C, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, carotenoids, and sugars which have high nutritional and antioxidant value. Some factors such as the canopy position of the fruit and fruit size affect the MoreCitrus fruits contain numerous beneficial bioactive compounds including vitamin C, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, carotenoids, and sugars which have high nutritional and antioxidant value. Some factors such as the canopy position of the fruit and fruit size affect the quality and quantity of these compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of canopy position and fruit size on morphophysiological and biochemical properties of Thomson orange fruit. In the first experiment, fruits with medium and uniform size were harvested from inside and outside canopy positions of the tree. In the second experiment, after harvest the fruits were grouped into three sizes of small, medium, and large. Traits such as weight, volume, length, and width of fruit, skin color, skin thickness, extract content, dry matter percentage, TA, TSS, TSS/TA, total chlorophyll and total carotenoids, antioxidant capacity, phenolic acid content, vitamin C, total sugars, and reducing sugars were evaluated on the peel and pulp of fruit along with a panel test. Results revealed that fruit volume, peel thickness, TSS/TA, a* value, CCI value, peel antioxidant capacity, and peel total sugars were higher in the fruits from the external canopy position while TA, L*, C*, h°, and b* in the fruits from internal canopies were significantly higher. Fruit size had a significant effect on physical parameters of fruit, CCI, h°, juice, and dry matter while it did not affect the quality and chemical traits of fruit. The results of this study showed that orange fruit with a position outside the crown and a large size has a significant increase in extract content, actual volume, average fruit diameter, aroma, taste, and sweetness compared to the position inside the crown with a small size. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - Investigation of Some Ecological Characteristics of Artemisia sieberi Besser. and Estimation of its Density by Neural Networks in Roodab Section of Sabzevar
Alireza Ghasemi Arian fazel fazeli hossein rohaniAbstract Artemisia sieberi Besser. (Asteraceae) is a medicinal plant belongs to flora of Iran , which is used in treatment of parasitic and infectious diseases. In recent years, many habitats parts of this plant have been destroyed by human activities. The purpose of th MoreAbstract Artemisia sieberi Besser. (Asteraceae) is a medicinal plant belongs to flora of Iran , which is used in treatment of parasitic and infectious diseases. In recent years, many habitats parts of this plant have been destroyed by human activities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the autecological characteristics and estimation of Artemisia density in Roodab region of Sabzevar in 2017. At first the A.sieberi habitats was determined on satellite images, then ecological information including topography, climate, soil, geology and phenology was collected. In the next step, Artemisia densities in degraded rangelands were investigated by using neural network model. For this purpose, 70 random soil samples consisting of independent variables (texture, EC, SAR, pH, N, P, K, cations, organic matter and lime percentage) as well as dependent variable (plant density) were used to construct the model. The results were showed that A.sieberi prefers altitudes of of 1400 to 1800 m, 0% to 12% slope, 160 to 200 mm rainfall, and loamy to calcareous loam soils with low salinity. plant vegetative activity begins in late March and seed ripening occurs early in December. The results of model prediction indicated that the lowest plant density with 0.11 / m2 was related to the plots that were 40 years under plowing stress and the highest density with 0.4 /m2 was related to the plots after two years of degradation. The regression model (R2) showed that 95% of independent variables were involved in determining plant density. Model prediction also indicated that the lowest density by 0.11 and 0.4 plant per m2 belonged to rangelands have been plowed more than 40 years and which lasted two years from their destruction, respectively. Regression model (R2) also showed that independent variables have a 95% effect on the determination of A.sieberi density. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - Comparison of the essential oils of medicinal plant populations of Eryngium noeanum Boiss. and Eryngium iranicum Mozaff in Iran
Abdolbaset Mahmoudi Mohammad-Taghi Ebadi Mahdi AyyariIn this study Eryngium noeanum Boiss. from four different regions of Alamot (AL) (Qazvin province), Ahuan Col (AH) (Semnan), Razaqan (RZ) (Markazi province), and Bashm Col (BA) (Semnan) and also, Eryngium iranicum Mozaff. from Nikpey village (NP) (Zanjan) at elevations MoreIn this study Eryngium noeanum Boiss. from four different regions of Alamot (AL) (Qazvin province), Ahuan Col (AH) (Semnan), Razaqan (RZ) (Markazi province), and Bashm Col (BA) (Semnan) and also, Eryngium iranicum Mozaff. from Nikpey village (NP) (Zanjan) at elevations of 1600, 1980, 2450, 2150, and 1400 m above the sea level were collected during the summer 2018. The shade-dried plant materials were hydro-distillated by a clevenger apparatus. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the essential oils were carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and GC-FID, respectively. The essential oil contents were obtained as 0.3, 0.4, 0.55, 0.2, and 0.1% (w/w) for AL, AH, RZ, BA, and NP, respectively. The main components of essential oils were amorpha-4,11-diene (14.0, 17.6, 9.0, and 13.6%), δ-selinene (21.5, 40.5, 23.1, and 35.7%), spathulenol (4.6, 0.7, 6.4 and 5.5%), eudesm-7(11)-en-4-ol (3.4, 0.5, 6.7, and 4.4%), and cis-falcarinol (20.3, 1.0, 20.0, and 15.2%) for AL, AH, RZ, and BA, respectively. Also, the main components of the essential oils in NP sample were n-octanal (12.8%), myrtenol (12.5%), and cis-falcarinol (13.5%). The main compounds in different populations of E. noeanum and E. iranicum essential oils were sesquiterpenes (about 70-90%) and non-terpene (56%), respectively. Eryngium noeanum Boiss. is a medicinal rangeland and native plant of Iran, has not been given due attention. Despite prickly appearance, it has a big aerial part with considerable essential oil contents including valuable sesquiterpenes and polyacetylenic compounds ranking it among the highly commercial essential oils worldwide. This calls for many research studies in different fields as extensive biological studies on the essential oil components of this plant can greatly help determine and standardize its quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - Evaluating Good Urban Governance for Iranian Cities (A Case Study of Ahvaz)
Heydar Kazemi Bijan RahmaniUrban Management is a decisive factor for improving the life quality for people for which various approaches have been adopted so far. Good governance is the last approach in urban management which concentrates on participation, transparency, responsibility, law force, MoreUrban Management is a decisive factor for improving the life quality for people for which various approaches have been adopted so far. Good governance is the last approach in urban management which concentrates on participation, transparency, responsibility, law force, justifying and accountability in governing. This approach in urban management can produce the desired outputs for organizations and people. Municipality and Islamic council of Ahwaz which are the two important organizations in urban management in Ahwaz can use good governance approach in fulfilling their duties. In this article, the researchers use people’s judgment in a sample community about the performance of municipality and Islamic council to study how much compatibility exists between the performances of these public organizations with good governance principles. The researchers also use a questionnaire for collecting people’s judgment.The results of this survey showed that the average of citizens’ judgment about the consistency of municipal and city council performance with good governance values are 1.41 and 1.22. Respondents say that municipality and council performance in index of rule of law (with average 1.66) is low and in index of participation (with average 0.98) is very low. If we accept the respondents’ judgments about municipality in districts of Ahwaz municipality in this study, judgments show that the performance of municipality management in district 3 with an average of 1.26 has low compatibility with good governance values and municipality management in district 1 with an average of 0.94 has very low compatibility. Generally, the performance of municipality and council in terms of compliance with the principles of good governance, (with average of judgment about 1.31) in a range of 4 values between bad and good, is weak. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - An insight to optical studies of acridine orange cationic dye within nanometer-sized microemulsions at fixed water content
Mousa Aliahmad Havva ESMAILZAEE Abbas Rahdar Bijan Paul -
Open Access Article
188 - Cr2O3 nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, optical, magnetic properties and photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange
Aliakbar Dehno Khalaji Pavel Machek Marketa Jarosova -
Open Access Article
189 - An insight to optical studies of acridine orange cationic dye within nanometer-sized microemulsions at fixed water content
Mousa Aliahmad Abbas Rahdar Havva Esmailzaee ghale kohne Bijan Paul -
Open Access Article
190 - A Fuel-Cell Based Boost Converter Model Using Euler-Lagrange Equation
Atila Skandarnezhad -
Open Access Article
191 - Economic Load Distribution between Thermal Power Plants and Studying the Changes of Parameters
Mehdi Mahdavian Majid Dehghani Mohamad Reza Yousefi Mahdi Sharifi -
Open Access Article
192 - Relation Between Electricity Consumption and Economical Growth in Selected Exporting Oil Countries
mohsen mehrara razieh farmahini farahani Ayat hasanzadehThe purpose of this study is to estimate the relationship between economic growth and electricity consumption growth in the selected oil exporting countries during 1972-2008 using both country time series and panel data. The empirical results based on panel data indicat MoreThe purpose of this study is to estimate the relationship between economic growth and electricity consumption growth in the selected oil exporting countries during 1972-2008 using both country time series and panel data. The empirical results based on panel data indicated that there is a mono-directional short-run causality running from electricity consumption growth to economic growth and a bi-directional long-run causality between electricity consumption growth and economic growth. The findings implied that economic growth in the selected exporting oil countries is highly depended to the electricity energy, and thus, electricity conservation policies will have a reverse effect on their economic growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - The Relationship between Per Capita Health Expenditure and Per Capita GDP (A Case Study of Low and Middle Income Countries)
davood behboodi faranak bastan majid feshariThe main objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship between per capita health expenditure and per capita GDP for lower and middle income countries during 2003-2007. For this purpose, we used the Hsiao's-Granger and Toda & Yamamoto(TY) causality tests MoreThe main objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship between per capita health expenditure and per capita GDP for lower and middle income countries during 2003-2007. For this purpose, we used the Hsiao's-Granger and Toda & Yamamoto(TY) causality tests for investigating short-run relation between two variables. The results of the model estimation reveal that there is a unilateral causality from the GDP per capita to per capita health expenditure. Due to the results of this paper, the main implication policy of this study is that the policymakers and economic planners should adopt the suitable policies to improve economic growth and GDP per capita. Because, the increase of GDP per capita can be enhance the consumption expenditures and especially, health expenditures per capita. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - Causality Relationship between Energy Consumption and Production in Iran Industries during 1995-2007
Seyed Kamal Sadeghi Naser Senoobar Davood Behboodi Ali DehghaniThis paper investigates the effect of energy consumption on the production of industries having more than 9 employees in Iran. Hsiao’s Granger Causality and Granger Causality in Panel Data is used along with the data during 1995-2007 to study the issue. The findin MoreThis paper investigates the effect of energy consumption on the production of industries having more than 9 employees in Iran. Hsiao’s Granger Causality and Granger Causality in Panel Data is used along with the data during 1995-2007 to study the issue. The findings represent that the energy consumption has a positive effect on the production of industries in Iran. Moreover, the results indicate that there is unilateral causality relationship between energy consumption and the value of industrial productions. Hence, the main implication policy of this study is that the policy makers should adopt the policies to improve the value of production in these sectors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - The effect of an acupuncture course on the range of motion of the spine in patients with chronic mechanical back pain
Bijan Goodarzi hydar habibi abass daqaq zadeh yasaman GoodarziIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acupuncture therapy on the range of motion of the spine (function of trunk flexor and extensor muscles) in 35 to 50-year-old men with chronic back pain.Materials and methods: This research is semi MoreIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acupuncture therapy on the range of motion of the spine (function of trunk flexor and extensor muscles) in 35 to 50-year-old men with chronic back pain.Materials and methods: This research is semi-experimental and practical. In this research, pre-test and post-test are used. The research population consists of 35-50-year-old men with chronic back pain living in Arak city. The research participants included 30 men with chronic mechanical back pain without any orthopedic complications who were referred to a private physical medicine practice. and rehabilitation in the city of Arak. The treatment period is 20 sessions and 2 sessions per week. Lumbar range of motion was evaluated in trunk flexion movements (bending forward).Then, in order to analyze and determine the significance of the effects of acupuncture therapy, data and raw information were analyzed using SPSS23 software and using descriptive and inferential statistics (paired samples test).Findings: The range of motion increased, therefore acupuncture has a significant effect on the range of motion in people with chronic mechanical back pain.Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, this method of treatment can increase the range of motion of the spine in chronic mechanical back pain sufferers, and this method can be useful in the field of treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - Study of Vibration Specifications of a Three-axle Truck Using Lagrange Method
Seyed Mohammad Javad Zeidi Pedram Hoseini Ali Rahmani -
Open Access Article
197 - Numerical Approach Toward Calculation of Vibration Characteristics of the Multi Axles Truck Using Lagrange Method
Ali Rahmani Ali Mirmohammadi Seyed Mohammad Javad Zeidi Saeed Shojaei -
Open Access Article
198 - Design and Construction of Electromechanical Wrist Hand Orthosis with a Functional Interface
Behzad Karimkhani Sayed Ali Mousavi Meysam Sattari -
Open Access Article
199 - Performance of Distance Relays in the Presence of Distributed Power Flow Controllers
hadi amiri moghadam Mahdiyeh Eslami hadi zayandehroodiRecent efforts to increase the power transmission capacity and increase the level of network stability have increased the use of Flexible AC Transmission Systems elements in the power system. The protective system, which is one of the most important parts of the power s MoreRecent efforts to increase the power transmission capacity and increase the level of network stability have increased the use of Flexible AC Transmission Systems elements in the power system. The protective system, which is one of the most important parts of the power system's operation, is seriously affected by these devices, so their study is considered necessary. Among protection relays, the protection of the distances due to high speed, proper operation in different network conditions are used as the main protection of transmission lines. Consequently, it is inevitable that the lines compensated by flexible AC systems are protected by long-range relays. In this paper, the Distributed Power Flow Controller has been investigated and simulated, and then the effect of these devices on the measured impedance and the characteristic of the disturbance relay is shown. It is also shown in this paper that in addition to the effects of the relay seen on the relay due to changes in the power system, the type of control system and the adjustment of the parameters of these devices will have different effects on the impedance seen by the relay. To investigate the effect of controller distributed power distribution on the protection of the energy transmission distances, as well as the effect of the impedance seen on the relay due to the presence and type of control system that the distributed power controller works with, it uses the PSCAD / EMTDC software for the model These compensator have been used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - Optimal Unit Commitment for Thermal Power Plants using Combined Fuzzy Logic and Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm Method
Hasan Barati Esmaeil Fathi Mohammad NasirOptimal Unit Commitment for Thermal Power Plants using Combined Fuzzy Logic and Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm MethodIn this paper, the thermal unit commitment is solved by using combined fuzzy logic and Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm, in which the minimum and maximum MoreOptimal Unit Commitment for Thermal Power Plants using Combined Fuzzy Logic and Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm MethodIn this paper, the thermal unit commitment is solved by using combined fuzzy logic and Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm, in which the minimum and maximum generation constraints, minimum up/down-time constraints, starting time, spinning reserve,and so on are considered. Fuzzy logic is used to reduce the production time of the ON/OFF cycle durations of each unit in the feasible solutions. Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm is used to optimize the results. Using the proposed method reduces the computation time and also the generation cost. The simulation has been done in the MATLAB software environment, and as its results compared with some other intelligent algorithms including Lagrange Relaxation (LR), Integer-Coded Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Bacterial Foraging (BF) for improvements in generation cost and problem solving time is shown. This method has the ability to develop solving unit commitment in different dimensions with considering constraints and limits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - Cooperative Control of a Group of Euler-Lagrange Systems Using Adaptive Multilayer Neural Control in the Presence of Output State Constraints
Amir Naderolasli Khoshnam Shojaei Abbas ChatraeiIn this paper, a constrained formation control design is implemented for a group motion of systems based on the Euler-Lagrange dynamics in the presence of model uncertainties and un-modeled dynamics with considering the output state constraints. To design a constrained MoreIn this paper, a constrained formation control design is implemented for a group motion of systems based on the Euler-Lagrange dynamics in the presence of model uncertainties and un-modeled dynamics with considering the output state constraints. To design a constrained formation control system, a dynamic model with respect to the Euler-Lagrange based on leader-follower structure is utilized. To solve the constrained problem of these systems, a Barrier Lyapunov Function (BLF) is applied that advances to infinity when its arguments reach to the finite bounds, in which is applied in the control design. This feature of BLFs is applied to prevent the violation of state variables from the constrained boundaries and restrict the errors of these states in the predetermined and limited bounds. Thus, the Lyapunov stability method is adopted to reveal all the signals of the closed-loop system that are bounded and the stability of formation problem is proved as semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB). The computer simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of this leader-follower formation controller for systems based on the Euler-Lagrange dynamics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - A Robust and Smart Approach to Message Broadcasts in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks for Emergency
Mohammad Sadegh Azhdari Ali Barati Hamid BaratiVehicular ad hoc networks are designed to provide safety and comfort for drivers and passengers. In these networks, many topological changes create many challenges for efficient data delivery. The data dissemination method can meet the needs of emergency message broadca MoreVehicular ad hoc networks are designed to provide safety and comfort for drivers and passengers. In these networks, many topological changes create many challenges for efficient data delivery. The data dissemination method can meet the needs of emergency message broadcasting. Disseminating data on these networks is a complex and vital task because the highly variable speeds of vehicles increase communication gaps. In these networks, fast and guaranteed high delivery of packets is essential. In this paper, a method is proposed in which the dedicated short range communication (DSRC) channel is divided into three different types of priorities for beacon messages. A dynamic receiver is defined for each class to broadcast the message. The technique of considering the intermediate condition between the source node and the sender node is used to prevent the broadcast of redundancy and the optimal use of bandwidth. The proposed method does not require any hardware or central controller. In order to analyze the efficiency, the proposed method is compared with ASPBT and aadaptive data dissemination protocol (AddP) methods. The analytical evaluation and simulation results show that our proposed method is superior to other methods in terms of efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - Smart Network to Monitor Breast Cancer Patient Based on Network Arrangement and Fuzzy Hierarchy Analysis
Javad Nouri Pour Mohammad Ali Pourmina Mohamed Naser Moghadasi Behbod GhalamkariIn this article, a smart network is proposed to monitor a patient with breast cancer. Increasing the speed of the patient monitoring network depends on our observation, thinking and understanding of the patient. Various factors of the network make us more aware of the d MoreIn this article, a smart network is proposed to monitor a patient with breast cancer. Increasing the speed of the patient monitoring network depends on our observation, thinking and understanding of the patient. Various factors of the network make us more aware of the disease. has it. The cycle of controlling and monitoring the patient includes observation, orientation, decision and action, this cycle is a set of consecutive actions, which changes with the change of network arrangement, orientation, decision and action. In this article, we design the structure of the smart network according to the weight of the nodes, the communication paths in such a way that the cycle of control and monitoring (analysis, decision and action) performs well. We model the control and monitoring cycle with the proposed method of fuzzy hierarchical analysis process (FAHP). This model adjusts the decision-making criteria by recognizing the identification priorities in such a way that the speed of network detection increases with the least time. It is also a suitable tool for modeling the monitoring cycle and the results of the smart network. The simulation results show that this network has the necessary intelligence to assess the patient's condition in adverse conditions, has the power to continuously analyze and evaluate the patient, and also has the power to make timely decisions in different situations. These results show that according to the network arrangement and fuzzy hierarchical analysis, the speed rate of the network has improved by 10% compared to other networks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - Optimization of Consumed Power in Two Different DC Motors Coupled Based on Genetic Algorithm
Mehrdad Jafarboland MAhmood ZadehbagheriA single DC motor can be substituted by two different couple DC motors in submarines. By this way, by varying the speed of submarine, the power of propellant and subsequently the mechanical power of these motors would vary. One important promlem in controlling the mecha MoreA single DC motor can be substituted by two different couple DC motors in submarines. By this way, by varying the speed of submarine, the power of propellant and subsequently the mechanical power of these motors would vary. One important promlem in controlling the mechanical coupling of these motors is the power sharing between them. In the previous reports the mechanical power was shared between them in nonoptimized manner. In this paper an optimized cantroller is indroduced that optimize the efficiency of the system. The power sharing between these motors would vary according to their speed. The proposed controller is based on Genetic Algoritm and is able to share the mechanical power between the motors in an optimized manner at different speeds. The simutation results shows the well behavior of system and also the optimize power sharing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - Fast Intra and Inter Prediction Mode Decision of H.264/AVC for Medical Image Compression Based on Region of Interest
Mehdi Jafari Homayoun Mahdavi-Nasab Shohreh KasaeiThis paper aims at applying H.264 in medical video compression applications and improving the H.264 Compression performance with better perceptual quality and low coding complexity. In order to achieve higher compression of medical video, while maintaining high image qu MoreThis paper aims at applying H.264 in medical video compression applications and improving the H.264 Compression performance with better perceptual quality and low coding complexity. In order to achieve higher compression of medical video, while maintaining high image quality in the region of interest, with low coding complexity, here we propose a new model using H.264/AVC that uses lossless compression in the region of interest, and very high rate, lossy compression in other regions. This paper proposes a new method to achieve fast intra and inter prediction mode decision that is based on coarse macroblocks for intra and inter prediction mode decision of the background region and finer macroblocks for region of interest. Also the macroblocks of the background region are encoded with the maximum quantization parameter allowed by H.264/AVC in order to maximize the number of null coefficients. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves a higher compression rate on medical videos with a higher quality of region of interest with low coding complexity when compared to our previous algorithm and other standard algorithms reported in the literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - Supportive Arrangements of Religious Tourists in the Global Documents
Ali reza keshtkar Masoud Raei Dehqi Manouchehr Tavassoli NaeiniReligious tourism is one of the most common types of tourism because nowadays most people in the world believe in one religion, and this has led to establishing religious tourism around the world; On the other hand, this type of tourism is more at risk than other ones w MoreReligious tourism is one of the most common types of tourism because nowadays most people in the world believe in one religion, and this has led to establishing religious tourism around the world; On the other hand, this type of tourism is more at risk than other ones which are due to the religious beliefs, so that sometimes the tourists’ properties and lives are endangered. Therefore, we seek to find out what supporting services for this type of tourist exist in the form of documents internationally. Can international laws and global documents help and support them if their rights as religious tourists are violated? Therefore, the purpose and motivation of this study were to study and recognize the practical documents of the world to deal with the violation of the rights of religious tourists so that they can be properly used by regional and international judicial and quasi-judicial authorities in the first place to prevent and later to realize the rights concerning the tourists’ violated rights. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The research results showed that there are various documents in the international arena; which can certainly have a positive effect on reducing the violation related to religious tourism rights. Countries can reduce many of the world’s political, economic, and social tensions by using general and specific documents. On the other hand, by recognizing the supportive documents of the government officials, the tourists can seek the rights that have been violated and also demand compensation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - Effects of Bracing Arrangement along the Building Height on Collapse Fragility Curve of Steel Braced Frame Systems
Ali Seyedkazemi Seyed Reza Hashemi ShahandashtiThe steel braced frame system is one of the lateral load resisting systems which is used extensively for low- to mid-rise buildings. In this structural system, the braces can be arranged in different forms along the building height due to different reasons such as archi MoreThe steel braced frame system is one of the lateral load resisting systems which is used extensively for low- to mid-rise buildings. In this structural system, the braces can be arranged in different forms along the building height due to different reasons such as architectural and structural limitations or design considerations. The bracing arrangement affects the seismic performance of the structural system and each of the elements. In this study, the impact of bracing arrangement along the building height on ultimate failure capacity and collapse fragility curves of steel CBFs is investigated. For this purpose, 4 and 8-story steel CBF buildings with 6 different arrangements of braces were selected and modeled in PERFORM-3D software. The models were then analyzed using the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) method. Afterwards, the collapse capacity of the models and the uncertainty index were calculated, and the collapse fragility curves were generated. The results show that, by modifying the arrangement of braces without significant changes in lateral stiffness and fundamental period of structure, it is possible to increase the collapse spectral acceleration and decrease the probability of collapse at the maximum considered earthquake intensity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - Evaluation of Incubation Time, Salt and Date Waste in Production of Orange Pigment by Monascus purpureus Using Response Surface Methodology
Mahshid Asghari Mahshid Jahadi Nafiseh GhasemiseproMonacus purpureus (M. purpureus)produce six types of pigments from yellow to dark red color pigments. Monascus­ fungus has been welcomed due to its various pigment production and healing properties. The aim of this study, evaluation of incubation time (11-21days), s MoreMonacus purpureus (M. purpureus)produce six types of pigments from yellow to dark red color pigments. Monascus­ fungus has been welcomed due to its various pigment production and healing properties. The aim of this study, evaluation of incubation time (11-21days), salt (7-12 %) and date waste (15-55%) in production of orange pigment by M. purpureus using response surface methodology in solid state. After optimization of these factors, it was showed the highest amount of orange pigment was obtained during the 21-day incubation period, 7% salt and the date syrup concentration was 55%. In optimum conditions, a maximum yield of orange pigment was 5.31 (ODU.ml-1), fermentation yield was 0.252 (ODU.ml-1.day-1), pigment production yield per biomass 0.623 (ODU.mg-1), yield of orange production per carbon source consumption 0.043 (ODU.gr- 1), the substrate conversion rate was 93 (%). The results of this study showed that date waste and Wheat Straw could be used as an affordable and effective substrate for the production of orange pigment by M. purpureus fungus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - Inhibitory effect of nisin and ascorbic acid on Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris in orange juice
Fatemeh Sabaghi Rezvan Pourahmad Mahnaz HashemiravanAlicyclobacillus acidoterrestris (A. acidoterrestris) is a thermophilic spore-forming bacterium that changes taste and smell of juices. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of nisin and ascorbic acid on A. acidoterrestris. Nisin (150 and 200 pp MoreAlicyclobacillus acidoterrestris (A. acidoterrestris) is a thermophilic spore-forming bacterium that changes taste and smell of juices. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of nisin and ascorbic acid on A. acidoterrestris. Nisin (150 and 200 ppm) and ascorbic acid (100 and 250 ppm) were used in orange juice contaminated with A. acidoterrestris. Microbial, physicochemical, and sensory properties of the samples were investigated during 90 days’ storage. Adding nisin and ascorbic acid significantly (P<0.05) decreased the number of A. acidoterrestris in orange juice. The sample containing 200 ppm nisin+250 ppm ascorbic acid and the sample containing 200 ppm nisin+100 ppm ascorbic acid had the lowest number of A. acidoterrestris, respectively. During storage, the number of bacteria in samples containing nisin and ascorbic acid decreased significantly (P<0.05) so that no bacterial growth was seen in the sample containing 200 ppm nisin and 250 ppm ascorbic acid on the 60th and 90th days and the sample containing 200 ppm nisin+100 ppm ascorbic acid on the 90th day. Acidity of the samples increased and brix decreased significantly (P<0.05) during storage. The sample containing 150 ppm nisin +100 ppm ascorbic acid and the sample containing 200 ppm nisin +100 ppm ascorbic acid had the highest score of overall acceptance. The sample containing 200 ppm nisin +100 ppm ascorbic acid was selected as the best sample with regard to microbial and sensory properties. Therefore, orange juice containing nisin and ascorbic acid has suitable sensory quality and can affect the inhibition of A. acidoterrestris. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - Study of the effect of essential oils in controlling of blue and green molds rot in orange fruit
Abolfazl Golshan Tafti Gholamreza BaradaranGreen and blue mold rot diseases caused by Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum are the most important postharvest diseases of citrus fruit. In this research, the use of some essential oils (Cuminumcyminum, Zataria multiflora, Mentha piperita) to control blue MoreGreen and blue mold rot diseases caused by Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum are the most important postharvest diseases of citrus fruit. In this research, the use of some essential oils (Cuminumcyminum, Zataria multiflora, Mentha piperita) to control blue and green molds in orange fruits was investigated. Valencia and Jiroft Local oranges were dipped in Penicillium italicum and P. digitatum suspension and were put in waxy papers sprayed with the essential oils at three levels (1, 2.5 and 5%), and thiabendazole fungicide (TBZ) 0.2%. Control fruits were put in waxy papers without any treatments. Then, all the fruits were stored at 8 oC and 85-90% relative humidity for 3 months. Essential oils of Cuminumcyminum (cumin)and Zataria multiflora (Shiraz origanum) were effective on control of blue and green molds in orange varieties at the levels of 5% and 1, 2.5 and 5%, respectively. These treatments had no significant differences with thiabendazole fungicide. The treatments containing mint essential oil had the highest level of rot by blue and green molds. The results of the sensory evaluation showed that the essential oils did not make any special taste in orange varieties. Essential oil of Shiraz origanum in different levels caused improper appearance in the skin of orange varieties and as a result, they obtained the fewer score in the sensory attributes (texture, acceptability). Therefore, for increasing the storage-life of Valencia and Jiroft Local oranges, application of waxy paper containing 5% of cumin essential oil was recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - اثر عوامل اکولوژیکی بر ترکیبات شیمیایی برگ گل ماهور Verbascum songaricum Schrenk
وحید کریمیان محمد رضا وهابی محمد فضیلتی مصطفی ترکش اصفهانیمقدمه و هدف: گلماهور (Verbascum songaricum) گیاهی­ است چند­ساله علفی­ متعلق به تیره گل ­میمون و یکی از گیاهان دارویی است که در مناطق مختلف به نا­م های علف خرگوش، خرگوشک، گلماهور و علف ماهور مشهور است. هدف از این مطالعه اثرات شرایط محیطی بر خص Moreمقدمه و هدف: گلماهور (Verbascum songaricum) گیاهی­ است چند­ساله علفی­ متعلق به تیره گل ­میمون و یکی از گیاهان دارویی است که در مناطق مختلف به نا­م های علف خرگوش، خرگوشک، گلماهور و علف ماهور مشهور است. هدف از این مطالعه اثرات شرایط محیطی بر خصوصیات فیتوشیمیایی برگ­های گل ماهور برای استخراج مواد موثره می­باشد.روش تحقیق: این تحقیق در پنج مکان مرتعی به ترتیب شامل دره­حوض، قهیز، سمیرم (اصفهان)، قلعه قدم و دنا (کهگیلویه و بویراحمد) انجام گرفت. گیاه مذکور در تیرماه 1390 در مرحله گلدهی از مکان­های مختلف جمع­آوری گردید. عصاره برگ به روش هضم استخراج گردید. سپس جهت شناسایی ترکیبات آن از روش گاز کروماتوگرافی متصل به طیف سنج جرمی استفاده شد.نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد که ترکیباتی هم­چون کتون و الکل در مراتع قهیز، سمیرم و دنا بیشتر از دره حوض و قلعه قدم بود. در رویشگاه اول (دره حوض و قلعه قدم) ترکیبات هیدروکربن و آمین بیشترین میزان بودند که ممکن است متوسط دمای بیشتر مناطق باعث افزایش این ترکیبات شده است. عوامل اکولوژیکی نظیر درصد رس خاک، تبخیر و تعرق، حداکثر درجه حرارت و طول دوره خشکی اثرات بیشتری بر میزان ترکیبات به خصوص در مناطق دره حوض و قلعه قدم داشته است.توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: باتوجه به نتایج این تحقیق پیشنهاد می­شود با توجه به شناخت برخی خصوصیات اکولوژیکی گیاه گل ماهور می توان زمینه های را برای کشت و تولید وسیع تر آن در زمینه دارویی و صنعتی فراهم کرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - تغییرات کیفی و کمی در اسانس اروانه (Salvia hydrangea DC exBenth) تحت تاثیر روشهای مختلف خشک کردن
فروغ مهدیان عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطی فاطمه ملک پورBackground & Aim: Salvia hydrangea is one of the medicinal plants belonging to Lamiaceae family. Medicinal plants can be marketed as fresh or dried products; however aromatic plants are often dried before extraction to reduce moisture content. The aim of this study MoreBackground & Aim: Salvia hydrangea is one of the medicinal plants belonging to Lamiaceae family. Medicinal plants can be marketed as fresh or dried products; however aromatic plants are often dried before extraction to reduce moisture content. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of different drying methods on qualitative and quantitative changes in essential oil of sage. Experimental: To determine the effect of drying methods on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the plant essential oil, samples were dried in sunlight, shade, mechanical oven at 65ºC and then compared with fresh samples. The essential oils of all samples were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed using GC and GC–MS. Results: The results showed that different drying methods had significant effects on essential oil content. According to results fresh herbs had the highest essential oil content followed by shade drying, sun drying and oven drying samples, respectively. Significant changes in chemical compound amount of the essential oils were observed which associated with the drying methods. Significant differences occurred among several constituents in the extracted essential oils, including a-pinene, camphene, phellandrene, 1,8-cineole and bornylacetate. Recommended applications/industries: Drying of Salvia hydrangea aerial parts in the shade is more suitable for obtaining higher amount of oil yield and percentage of a-pinene and 1,8-cineole. Therefore, shade drying could be recommended for extraction of essential oil from this plant on an industrial scale. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - Application of TiO2–zeolite as photocatalyst for photodegradation of some organic pollutants
Azadeh Bahranifard -
Open Access Article
214 - Social determinants of interaction with urban strangers in Sanandaj
مسعود گلچین Seyyed Hossein Serajzadeh Abdolhosein Kalantari Kamal Khaleghpanah sabah adin mafakheriIn the urban era, promoting social care and respect in order to support the most vulnerable people in society is very important. The purpose of this article is to investigate the status of citizens' social interaction with urban strangers and the factors affecting MoreIn the urban era, promoting social care and respect in order to support the most vulnerable people in society is very important. The purpose of this article is to investigate the status of citizens' social interaction with urban strangers and the factors affecting it in Sanandaj. The research method was survey and a questionnaire was used to collect data. The statistical population of this study included people aged 15 and over living in Sanandaj. The sample size is 350 people based on Cochran's formula, of which 360 people were selected and considered. The samples were selected through clustering of Sanandaj neighborhoods and sample selection was systematically selected from three local clusters. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients and path analysis were used to analyze the data. Findings showed that there is a significant relationship between voluntary activity in urban spaces and interaction with strangers. The results showed that there is a difference between the rate of interaction with urban strangers in single and married people. There is also a significant relationship between the variables of voluntary activity in urban spaces, sense of public respect and trust and interaction with strangers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - Social Determinants of interaction with urban strangers in Sanandaj
Masoud Golchin Seyyed Hossein Serajzadeh Abdolhosein Kalantari Kamal Khaleghpanah Sabahaldin MafakheriIn the urban era, the promotion of care and social respect to protect the weak is of enormous importance. The present article aims to study how the residents of Sanandaj treat strangers and what factors influence such treatment. This was a survey research which employed MoreIn the urban era, the promotion of care and social respect to protect the weak is of enormous importance. The present article aims to study how the residents of Sanandaj treat strangers and what factors influence such treatment. This was a survey research which employed a questionnaire to collect needed data. The research population consisted of all the residents of Sanandaj who were above 15 years old of which 360 individuals were selected via a cluster and systematic random sampling technique. Pearson correlation and path analysis were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that there was a significant association between the activity of choice in urban spaces and interaction with strangers. It was also found that there was a difference between single and married individuals in their treatment of strangers. Furthermore, it was found that variables such as the activity of choice in urban spaces, sense of respect, and general trust were significantly related to interaction with strangers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - VARIATIONAL ITERATION METHOD FOR FREDHOLM INTEGRAL EQUATIONS OF THE SECOND KIND
ج. بی آزار H. ابراهیمی -
Open Access Article
217 - Investigation of the Nutritional Potential of some Rangeland Plants Species by in vitro Gas Production and Fermentation Parameters in Torbat-e Jam, Iran: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression
E. Ibrahimi Khoram Abadi M. Kazemi -
Open Access Article
218 - Assessment of Attractions and Tourism Capacities in the Study System of Kermanshah Urban Development Plans from the Tourism Range
mohammad saleh Ahmadi Mohammadtghi Rahnamaii Esmail AliakbariFailure to pay attention to the city planning system has led to a weakness in tourism status in various urban development plans. The purpose of this study is to investigate the attractions and potentials justifying the status of tourism in the study system of urban deve MoreFailure to pay attention to the city planning system has led to a weakness in tourism status in various urban development plans. The purpose of this study is to investigate the attractions and potentials justifying the status of tourism in the study system of urban development plans of Kermanshah province from a touristic perspective. Qualitative research methodology is the "basic theory" method and purposeful sampling (snowball). Through interviewing, identifying attractions and determining their range and eventually creating a tourism portfolio attraction portfolio matrix from urban development plans of Kermanshah province. The results indicate that, in the conceptual classification of attractions in urban development plans The province, the historical and cultural concept with the 10 most natural and ecotourism concepts, was ranked third in 7th place. The concept of architecture, physical, economic, religious, with 3 items in one class and the concept of facilities with 2 cases and the concept of treatment with one case at the lowest rate were taken. Tourist attractions based on local, regional, national and international outcomes showed that half of these attractions could be further developed and accommodated at higher levels. Based on the portfolio matrix of tourist attractions, three strategies, the development of experiences and the strengthening of marketing actions along with investment and growth strategies; for the attraction of house No. 4 and investment in the product and market; for house number 3 release and retreat in urban development plans for attractions House No. 1 was offered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - عمر گلجایی و کیفیت گل شاخه بریده ی آلسترومریا تحت تاثیر کاربرد تلفیقی اسانس های گیاهی و تیمارهای شیمیایی
مینا رضیآلسترومریا گل­ های زیبایی دارد که در دنیا محبوبیت دارند. از مهم ترین مشکلات در تجارت این گل حساسیت به اتیلن و آلودگی باکتریایی در انتهای ساقه است. در این آزمایش اثر اسانس­های بهارنارنج (0، 100 و 200 میلیگرم در لیتر) و سرو لاوسون (0، 100 و 200 میلی­ گر Moreآلسترومریا گل­ های زیبایی دارد که در دنیا محبوبیت دارند. از مهم ترین مشکلات در تجارت این گل حساسیت به اتیلن و آلودگی باکتریایی در انتهای ساقه است. در این آزمایش اثر اسانس­های بهارنارنج (0، 100 و 200 میلیگرم در لیتر) و سرو لاوسون (0، 100 و 200 میلی­ گرم در لیتر) و تیمار غیر شیمیایی (شکاف در آب گرم 40 درجه سانتیگراد و عدم شکاف) با 18 تیمار، 3 تکرار، 54 کرت بر روی عمر گلجایی و کیفیت گل شاخه بریده­ ی آلسترومریا انجام شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان میدهد که اثر متقابل تیمارهای فوق بر روی تمامی صفات بجز کاهش وزن تر معنی دار بوده است. نتایج نشان داد که تیمار L200B50S0 (200 میلی گرم در لیتر اسانس سرو لاوسون× 50 میلی­ گرم در لیتر اسانس بهار نارنج× بدون شکاف) و L200B0S1 (200 میلی­ گرم در لیتر اسانس سرو لاوسون× 0 میلی­ گرم در لیتر اسانس بهار نارنج× با شکاف) بیشترین عمر گلجایی را داشت. همچنین کمترین آلودگی میکروبی در تیمار L200B50S1(200 میلی­ گرم در لیتر اسانس سرو لاوسون× 50 میلی گرم در لیتر اسانس بهار نارنج× با شکاف) مشاهده شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - Investigating the Potential of Increasing the Vase Life of Cut Flower of Narcissus by Using Sour Orange Fruit Extract and Sucrose in the Storage Conditions
Zahra Golshadi Ghale-shahi Mehrdad Babarabie Hossein Zarei Atoosa DanyaeiNarcissus is one of the very popular flowers among Iranians. This flower has a short life. To investigate the increasing of vase life of cut Narcissus, sour orange fruit extract in concentrations of 2.5, 4, 5.5 and 7 ml L-1 and sucrose in concentrations of 3, 4, 5 and 6 MoreNarcissus is one of the very popular flowers among Iranians. This flower has a short life. To investigate the increasing of vase life of cut Narcissus, sour orange fruit extract in concentrations of 2.5, 4, 5.5 and 7 ml L-1 and sucrose in concentrations of 3, 4, 5 and 6% were used. In addition, distilled water was used as a control treatment. In this experiment, characters of vase life and percentage of unopened buds were evaluated in end of experiment, but the relative fresh weight, water absorption, soluble solids of petals and stems were measured from first to 29th day. The longest vase life was obtained in the treatment of sour orange fruit extract with concentration of 4 ml L-1 with 30.33 days and the shortest life of control was obtained with 18.33 days. Also, the least and highest percentage of unopened buds were observed in treated flowers with sour orange fruit extract of 4 ml L-1 and sucrose of 6%, respectively. The maximum amount of fresh weight, solution absorption, soluble solids of petals and stems were obtained in concentration of 2.5 ml L-1 of sour orange fruit extract. In general, results show that sour orange fruit extract and sucrose in low concentrations can be used as healthy, cheap and easy access compounds in vase solution of cut flower of Narcissus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - Factors Affecting Stakeholders Non-Participation in Rangeland Management Projects
Solieman Rasouliazar Anvar Kordi Loghman Rashidpour -
Open Access Article
222 - ارزیابی پیش از اجرای پروژه احیاء مرتع طرح مدیریت یکپارچه منابع طبیعی منطقه شمال آفریقا و خاورمیانه در ایران
حبیب شهبازی حمیدرضا علیپور اکرم عباسی فرهدف از برنامه مدیریت یکپارچه منابع طبیعی در خاورمیانه و شمال آفریقا (منارید)، سرمایهگذاری ملی در پروژههایی در زمینه مدیریت یکپارچه منابع طبیعی است. مطالعه ارزیابی اثر در حقیقت آزمون میکند که آیا فناوری منتخب اثر معنیداری بر حفظ و نگهداری عملکرد اکوسیستم و بهرهوری د Moreهدف از برنامه مدیریت یکپارچه منابع طبیعی در خاورمیانه و شمال آفریقا (منارید)، سرمایهگذاری ملی در پروژههایی در زمینه مدیریت یکپارچه منابع طبیعی است. مطالعه ارزیابی اثر در حقیقت آزمون میکند که آیا فناوری منتخب اثر معنیداری بر حفظ و نگهداری عملکرد اکوسیستم و بهرهوری دارد یا خیر. همچنین آزمون میکند که آیا رفاه اقتصادی و اجتماعی جامعه هدف افزایش یافته است یا خیر. ما روستای کمکوئیه در شهرستان بهاباد استان یزد را انتخاب کردیم که در آن گروه توسعه روستایی با مشارکت روستاییان و ظرفیتهای روستا (مانند سازوکار اعتبارات خرد) بنانهاده شده است. مجموعهای از فعالیتهای مکمل در این سایت بوسیله مشاوران و مشارکتکنندگان فعال در جامعه محلی و بهرهبردارن پیشنهاد و اجرا شده است. یکی از آنها پروژه احیاء مراتع ست. منافع و هزینههای انتظاری این پروژه با ارزیابیهای مالی و اجتماعی پیشاز اجرا پیشبینی شده است. نسبت منافع به هزینهها مالی و اجتماعی این پروژه تقریباً 97/0 و 15/2 برآورد شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - Designing a model of product arrangement and multi-warehouse location-routing problem
saeed sadeghi mohammad fallah esmaeil najafi -
Open Access Article
224 - The effect of different arrangements of longitudinal reinforcements on the capacity of wide concrete beams
Javad Mahdian pari alireza faroughiA beam that has a width greater than the width of the column connected to it is called a wide beam. Due to the reduction in the height of the beams in this type of system, many advantages are created, including reducing the costs of molding and construction, increasing MoreA beam that has a width greater than the width of the column connected to it is called a wide beam. Due to the reduction in the height of the beams in this type of system, many advantages are created, including reducing the costs of molding and construction, increasing the execution speed, reducing the height of the floor and of course increasing the number of floors in high-rise buildings, as well as including Other advantages of these beams from the architectural point of view are the hiding of the beams in the roof of the structure. In concrete structure design, ductility is one of the important parameters. The ductile behavior of the structure has a significant effect in reducing the design forces caused by the earthquake due to its energy absorption and loss. The role of reinforcement in the ductility of concrete is very important. In this article, a concrete beam with six different types of longitudinal rebar arrangement has been selected for study and four-point loading has been applied to the models. All models have been analyzed in ABAQUS finite element software. The results indicate that; The pattern of placing the rebar crosswise and diagonally has less hardness, ductility and resistance than other models. The highest amount of energy absorption was related to the model with six bars in a trapezoidal arrangement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - Examining the relationship between cognitive maps in presence and perception of the elderly from the architectural space (case example: Kahrizak nursing home)
Hossein Sultanzadeh Farnaz Cheraghi Far Hadi Qudousi FarAs the age increases, the power and ability of the elderly to recognize the architectural spaces and related internal or external areas decreases, and on the one hand, this point increases their dependence on others and reduces their self-confidence, and in the next sta MoreAs the age increases, the power and ability of the elderly to recognize the architectural spaces and related internal or external areas decreases, and on the one hand, this point increases their dependence on others and reduces their self-confidence, and in the next stages, they may lose the ability to find their way. and lose routing. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effective factors in the perception of the elderly through the examination of cognitive maps. This article examines the behavioral and cognitive responses of the elderly in the Kahrizak nursing home using the "space arrangement method" in the framework of environmental behavior studies. This study shows adaptive and maladaptive behavioral responses to spatial configurations in relation to the elderly and their residential environment. The statistical population includes forty-five elderly residents of Kehrizak nursing home who have cognitive and motor skills. In the present study, the role of the spatial configuration of the environment and the resulting cognitive maps on the sociable behavior of the elderly was measured. In this research, two types of VGA and ISOVIST analysis were used in space layout. The results indicated that there is a significant relationship between the results of the spatial arrangement and the cognitive maps resulting from the perception of the space of the elderly, so it is possible to pay attention to some specific spaces or ignore some spaces in the cognitive maps due to the characteristics and physical structure of the complex architecture. Based on this, suggestions were made for the perceptibility of the space by the elderly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - Investigating the Effect of Green Nanoparticles of Silver (AgNPs) and Gibberellic Acid (GA) on Some Morphophysiological and Germination Characteristics of (Astragalus Gossypinus Fisher)
Reza Dehghani BidgoliFor this purpose, this study was carried out with the aim of the best treatment for breaking the dormancy and improving the germination characteristics of white currant seed under the influence of various chemical and physical treatments. (Astraglus gossypinus) Fisher. MoreFor this purpose, this study was carried out with the aim of the best treatment for breaking the dormancy and improving the germination characteristics of white currant seed under the influence of various chemical and physical treatments. (Astraglus gossypinus) Fisher. Is one of the most valuable and productive plants of the highest quality gum, which is very important in protecting the soil and economy of the country. In order to investigate the effect of silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) and Gibberellic acid (GA) on (Astraglus gossypinus) germination, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 replications in 1397. Experimental treatments consisted of priming with gibberellic acid in 4 levels (0 as control, 100, 150 and 300 ppm) and silver nanoparticles in 4 levels (0 as control, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 W/V) for 4 hours at 25 ° C. The results of the experiments showed that gibberellic acid, silver nanoparticles, and interactions of treatments at 1% probability level on all studied traits including germination percentage, root length, stem length, germination coefficient, and relative water content, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll were significant. Also, the use of 100 ppm gibberellic acid increased the root length by 25%, but with increasing gibberellic acid concentration, root and shoot length decreased compared to control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - Approaches to Corruption in the Developing Countries
Mohammad Khezri Salahaldin Mangor -
Open Access Article
228 - Security Arrangements of the Persian Gulf and the Strategic Competition of Iran and USA
Saeed Sarani -
Open Access Article
229 - Investigation of simultaneous removal of Basic Orange 2 dye and Ni(II) from aqueous solutions by modified nanoclay in continuous washing system using response surface methodology (RSM)
Armin Geroeeyan Ali Niazi Elaheh KonozIn the present study, the removal of Basic Orange 2 (BO2) dye and Ni(II) from aqueous solutions was studied using modified montmorillonite nanoclay (MMT). To characterize the adsorbent, FESEM and EDX-MAP analyses were performed. The process of the removal of pollutants MoreIn the present study, the removal of Basic Orange 2 (BO2) dye and Ni(II) from aqueous solutions was studied using modified montmorillonite nanoclay (MMT). To characterize the adsorbent, FESEM and EDX-MAP analyses were performed. The process of the removal of pollutants was investigated through the designing and fabrication of the continuous washing system and the effect of important variables influencing the process such as concentration of dye and Ni(II), pH, length of column and the number of washing cycles was evaluated. Response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite design (CCD) has been applied to study the influence of experimental factors on the simultaneous removal of BO2 dye and Ni(II) in continuous system and the interaction of the variables were scrutinized through response surface curves. According to RSM results and optimization of simultaneous removal of BO2 dye and Ni(II) using desirability function, the optimal values for the five variables of dye concentration, Ni(II) concentration, pH, length of column, and number of washing cycles were found 12.07 mg L-1, of 12.97 mg L-1, 8.18, 12.97 cm and 2, respectively. The results of the removal of BO2 dye and Ni(II) in continuous washing system using modified montmorillonite nanoclay showed that this method can be efficient for the adsorption of pollutants from aqueous solutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
230 - Magnesium ferrite/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite and its photocatalytic application in pollutant degradation and fuel production
majid Ghanimati Mohsen Lashgari Vassilios BinasPreparation of effective nanocomposite energy materials using Earth-abundant elements and eco-friendly chemicals for application in photocatalytic degradation of hazardous materials and production of fuel is a sustainable strategy for pollutant removal and supplying hyd MorePreparation of effective nanocomposite energy materials using Earth-abundant elements and eco-friendly chemicals for application in photocatalytic degradation of hazardous materials and production of fuel is a sustainable strategy for pollutant removal and supplying hydrogen, the green/carbon-free fuel in modern world. In this article, the nanostructured magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4) semiconductor was synthesized and employed for the production of hydrogen gas through the light-induced splitting of alkaline H2S solution and photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange–a refractory azo dye. Investigations revealed that the synthesized photocatalyst has the ability to destroy pollutant and produce hydrogen. To improve the photocatalyst activity, graphene oxide (GO) precursor was prepared through the modified Hummers method and utilized directly in the hydrothermal synthesis of MgFe2O4/rGO nanocomposite. The evidence showed that the presence of rGO (reduced graphene oxide) and the formation of nanocomposite can significantly increase the decolorization ability and hydrogen release in terms of enlarging the photocatalyst surface area, slowing down the electron-hole recombination, and enhancing photon absorption. The degradation efficiency was 84% [measured after one hour operation of the photoreactor] and the rate of hydrogen release was 5567 µmol/h [per gram of photocatalyst], indicated the good performance of the nanocomposite photocatalyst in pollutant removal and fuel production Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - Green synthesis of Ag nanoparticels using salvia hydrangea extract and Peach kernel shell as a natural valuable support: Investigation of catalytic activity in reduction of methylene Blue and Rhodamine B
بهار خدادادیIn these research, the green synthesis of Ag nanoparticles )AgNPs( and AgNPs/Peach kernel shell )Ag/ P.K. Shell(, using peach kernel shell as an environmentally benign support and Salvia hydrangea extract as the reducing agent in the absence of any stabilizer or surfact MoreIn these research, the green synthesis of Ag nanoparticles )AgNPs( and AgNPs/Peach kernel shell )Ag/ P.K. Shell(, using peach kernel shell as an environmentally benign support and Salvia hydrangea extract as the reducing agent in the absence of any stabilizer or surfactant is reported. Samples were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy )FTIR(, UV-Vis spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy )FE-SEM( equipped with an energy dispersive spectroscopy )EDS(, Elemental mapping, X-ray Diffraction analysis )XRD(, and Transmittance Electron Microscopy )TEM(. These synthesized catalysts were used in the reduction of Methylene Blue )MB( and Rhodamine B )RhB( at room temperature. The Ag/ P.K. shell showed excellent catalytic activity in the reduction of these organic dyes. In addition, it was found that AgNPs/Apricot kernel shell can be recovered and reused several times without significant loss of catalytic activity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - Investigating the causal relationship between economic growth, trade openness and the depth of the banking sector: Case study of the D8 Group Countries
maasoumeh Dalvandi mohammad javad mohaghegh niaAchieving economic growth plays an important role in determining countries economic power. Therefore, it is particularly important to recognize and examine the factors that influence economic growth. The depth of the banking sector and trade openness are important facto MoreAchieving economic growth plays an important role in determining countries economic power. Therefore, it is particularly important to recognize and examine the factors that influence economic growth. The depth of the banking sector and trade openness are important factors influencing economic growth. In this study, the unit root test of the IPS was used to examine the significance of the variables. After rejecting of co-integration between variables using Pedroni and Kao test to examine the causal relationship between depth of the banking sector, trade openness and economic growth, the Granger causality model of panel data during the period 1980-2020 in 8 D8 member countries has been used. Therefore, for the depth of the banking sector, a composite index obtained from the Principal Component Analysis method and for economic growth and trade openness, two indexes of GDP and total exports and imports in terms of GDP are used, respectively. The results confirm the existence of a one-way causal relationship from trade openness to economic growth. Other results show that the causal relationship between economic growth and the depth of the banking sector has not been confirmed; The findings also indicate that there is no causal relationship between trade openness and the depth of the banking sector in the countries studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - A Wide-Range-Gain Switched-Coupled-Inductor Buck-Boost ZETA Converter
Mustafa Okati mahdiyeh Eslami Mehdi Jafari Shahbazadeh -
Open Access Article
234 - A Brief Overview on Analysis and Feature Extraction of Electroencephalogram Signals
Neda Behzadfar -
Open Access Article
235 - Evaluation of genetic variation of the causal agent of leaf spot of citrus (Alternaria sp.) isolates based on RFLP-IGS
Alireza Niazmand Maryam Rahmani Gilda NajafipoorBackground and Objectives: Nowadays RFLP test from IGS region is a used for determination of interspecies diversities. The aim of this study was to determine pathogenic species of Alternaria from leaf spots of citrus in Mamasani region based on morphological and I MoreBackground and Objectives: Nowadays RFLP test from IGS region is a used for determination of interspecies diversities. The aim of this study was to determine pathogenic species of Alternaria from leaf spots of citrus in Mamasani region based on morphological and ITS1 sequencing and to determine genetic variation of isolates based on RFLP-IGS. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was performed on 70 leaf spotted samples collected from different citruses species and cultivars of Mamasany orchards including orange (Valencia, Navel and leaf spoon Cv.), lime and sweet lemon (Wikova and local Cv.) during In autumn 2011. The isolates were cultured on PDA medium and purified by using single spore method and their species were identified based on morphological characters. The pathogenicity of the isolates was evaluated by based on Koch’s rules through exposure of isolates to leaf. DNA was extracted from mycelia by CTAB and the ITS1 and IGS regions were amplified by using specific primers. The ITS1 region was sequenced and the IGS region was digested by HinfI, BsnI, RsaI, BssmI and AluI restricted enzymes. Results: All isolates were identified as Alternaria alternata based on morphological characters and sequencing of ITS1 region. Constructed dendrogram based on RFLP patterns showed existence of three divergent groups in 51% similarity. Orange, lime and sweet lemon isolates grouped in divergent groups. Also Wikova isolates grouped in different clade. Conclusion: The obtained results clearly showed that the enzyme patterns of IGS can reveal the classification defects of Alternaria alternata form citrus hosts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - The effect of manufacturing purchasing managers index on stock market index in Iran
Sakineh Sejoodi Parviz Jafarzadeh BarenjiAbstract Considering the increasing development of the stock exchange market and its potential for creating economic growth and development of the country, it is very important to study the factors affecting this market and this issue is very important for all users of MoreAbstract Considering the increasing development of the stock exchange market and its potential for creating economic growth and development of the country, it is very important to study the factors affecting this market and this issue is very important for all users of this market. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) on the stock price index in Iran. Therefore, the present study has used the monthly data from 2018:10 to 2022:11 and using the Granger causality method and Johansen co-integration to investigate the relationship between Purchasing Managers Index and total stock price index and manufacturing stock price index. The results indicate that there is a one-way causality from the growth of the manufacturing purchasing managers index to the growth of the total stock price index and the growth of the manufacturing stock price index. Also, based on Johansen's cointegration test, there is a long-term positive relationship between the growth of manufacturing purchasing managers index and the growth of total stock price index, and also between the growth of manufacturing purchasing managers index and the growth of manufacturing stock price index. Given that the increase in PMI indicates economic prosperity in the manufacturing sector, this positive relationship shows that, as expected, stock price indices react positively to improvement signals in the manufacturing sector and negatively to negative signals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - An Investigation of the Relationship between Taxation and Economic Growth (The Case Study: Iran, OPEC and OECD Countries)
ایوب فرامرزی مجید دشتبان فاروجی نادر حکیمی پور صادق علیپور امیر جباریAbstract Tax revenues considers as one of the most important sources of financing and as an effective instrument for fiscal policy in the most economies. The many economists have done experimental and theoretical studies about the effects of taxes on economic growth in MoreAbstract Tax revenues considers as one of the most important sources of financing and as an effective instrument for fiscal policy in the most economies. The many economists have done experimental and theoretical studies about the effects of taxes on economic growth in different countries. For this purpose, this study investigated the relationship between the taxes and economic growth in Iran, OECD and OPEC selected countries. The results of this article for Iran during 1963-2011 has indicated that no cause relationship between taxes and economic growth. Johansen test also showed that the tax have not effected on economic growth. This Result also in 26 OECD member countries during 1998 to 2011 using the VAR-Panel model shows have cause relationship between taxes and economic growth. However, these results from Pedroni and Kao tests also indicate that have no cause relationship between taxes and economic growth in OPEC selected countries during 1994-2011. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - Investigating the Causal Nexus Between Economic Growth, Banking Sector Development, Capital Markets Development and Macroeconomic Variables in Iran
Zarir Negintaji Hassan GolmoradiAdinevand MortezaAli SadeghinejadAbstractOne of the most important issues of economics is investigating the factors affecting economic growth and their impact. Some theorists believe that the development of the financial sector, including the development of the banking sector and the capital market, al MoreAbstractOne of the most important issues of economics is investigating the factors affecting economic growth and their impact. Some theorists believe that the development of the financial sector, including the development of the banking sector and the capital market, along with macroeconomic factors can provide the necessary basis for increasing economic growth. Indeed, there is a serious argument that a weakened financial system are trapped in a vicious circle where low levels of financial development will lead to poor economic performance and poor economic performance will lead to lower financial development.This study examines the relationship between economic growth, banking sector development, capital market development and some important macroeconomic variables. For this purpose, first the combined indicators of banking sector development and capital market development based on the principal component analysis (PCA) method are applied and then using vector autoregressive model and the Granger causalities test, Causal nexus between variables for time series data of Iranin economic between 1363-1397 Is examined.The results of this study show that there is a mutual Causal nexus between economic growth and financial development both in terms of banking sector development and capital market development, so financial development in terms of both banking sector development and market development Capital have reciprocal relation with economic growth. The causality between the development of the banking sector and the capital market is also two-sided and this suggests the importance of integrated financial sector development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - Examining the Interdependence Structure of Iran's Stock Market and MENA Countries
Seyed Mohammad Reza Khatami Gholam Reza Zomorodian Mir Feiz Fallah Shams Layalestani Mehrzad MinoueiAbstractIran's stock market should be related to the stock market of other countries, especially the countries of the region; This connection and dependence accelerates the accumulation and formation of capital and provides many opportunities to investors. With this app MoreAbstractIran's stock market should be related to the stock market of other countries, especially the countries of the region; This connection and dependence accelerates the accumulation and formation of capital and provides many opportunities to investors. With this approach, the present study has investigated the dependence structure of the stock market of Iran and MENA countries. In order to achieve this goal, first, information about the total stock market index of MENA countries from September 2015 to June 2022 was collected and then the fluctuations of the total stock market index of the countriescalculated using wavelet analysis. In the continuation, the Vector Autoregresive (VAR) model estimation and Granger causality test regarding the relationship between the stock market fluctuations of Iran and the countries of the region was carried out. Finally, the quantile regression was estimated and the upper and lower limits of the correlation between Iran's stock market and MENA countries were determined. The results of the wavelet analysis showed that, the range of fluctuations of the total stock market index in MENA countries has increased, over time. Based on the results of the VAR model and the Granger causality test, Iran's stock market is unilaterally affected by the stock market fluctuations of Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Lebanony؛ if fluctuations occur in the stock market of these countries, This work will be transferred to the Iranian stock market immediately. In addition, there was no sign of the impact of the stock market flactuations of Jordan and Bahrain as well as North African countries including Egypt, Tunisia and Morocco on Iranian stock market. The results of quantile regression also showed that the affectability of Iran's stock market from fluctuations is different for different countries and quantiles. In this regard, in the months when the volatility in the stock market of the mentioned countries was less, the effect of the fluctuations on the Iranian stock market was less, and on the other hand, in the months when significant fluctuations occurred in the stock market, the amount of volatility transferred to the Iranian stock market was also higher. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
240 - A study of the epistemological foundations of illuminative “estrangement of consciousness” and explanation of its aesthetic requirements
Nariman Khalili ensha&#039;Allah Ramati Mohammad ArefIn this article the epistemological foundations of estrangement of consciousness in Sohrewardi's thought are analyzed by asking the question of what is the origin of these foundations. Illuminative knowledge is knowledge in presence and is the opposite of acquired knowl MoreIn this article the epistemological foundations of estrangement of consciousness in Sohrewardi's thought are analyzed by asking the question of what is the origin of these foundations. Illuminative knowledge is knowledge in presence and is the opposite of acquired knowledge. Sheikh Ishraq considers that the inference and opening of what science is? What its foundation is? And how it is understood? By referring to the knowledge in presence. The present study shows that the guide and common point of aesthetics of agent of species and the epistemology of "return to me" by the earthly self will be in the meta-historical process. Sohrevardi's anthropology has led to one of the most basic themes of Corbin, namely the estrangement of consciousness. In this article, based on the origin and function of "fall down", the existence focused on the other side of death has been interpreted in the movies with the theme of estrangement of consciousness. In the narratology of films with the theme of stranger consciousness it was found that in the three - dimensional unity of story (narrator, narration and the object of narration) the narrator is the subject and also the theme and object of epic. To analyze these epistemological foundations and aesthetic accessories, Henry Corbin’s phenomenological method has been used Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
241 - Conflict between West and Russia in the Shape of Orange and Blue Revolutions in Ukraine
Habibollah AbolhassanShiraziWith appearance of the Orange Revolution in Ukrainein2004, although the political system did not change however a shift of power with in the government occurred by the "Regions of Ukraine" party on the blue revolution in 2010 under the pro-Russian leadership of "Yanakvv MoreWith appearance of the Orange Revolution in Ukrainein2004, although the political system did not change however a shift of power with in the government occurred by the "Regions of Ukraine" party on the blue revolution in 2010 under the pro-Russian leadership of "Yanakvvych" and was replaced by the common West led way of "Purshnkev" and "Tymoshenko". This shift of power thatwasviolentonce again showed the gapbetweentheEastUkrainewho is pro-Russian andWestUkraine who are thepro-union membershipinEurope andhavingclose relationswithAmerica in further shape. Western countries andRussia havesoughtto attractUkraine.But whileMoscow considered NATO's presence andEuropean Union in its bordersas a threatandis willing topayenormouseconomic and political expenses in order toprevent this from happening, butEuropeanUnion is notprepared topay fortheabsorptionof this country. It seemsKievinsupportoftheEuropeanUniontowardsRussiahaslost hope andwantedWashington presence which hasatougherstancetowardUkraine's crisis.This paperis also attempting todescribetwoblue andorangerevolutionsin Ukraine,the roots of theconflictsexistingin the countryatthree national, regionalandinternational levels andthecompetitivenessof the West andRussiain Ukrainewillbe reviewed andanalyzed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
242 - Anatomy of Colored Revolutions and Its Effect in Iran
Mohammadali Khosravi Davood BayatAbstract Colored revolution is one of the new methods of changing a regime in the past two decades which is mostly against old political systems and remained from the Eastern European countries and independent republics of the former Soviet Union. During the last two d MoreAbstract Colored revolution is one of the new methods of changing a regime in the past two decades which is mostly against old political systems and remained from the Eastern European countries and independent republics of the former Soviet Union. During the last two decades, changes have occurred in the Czechoslovakia, Georgia, Ukraine and Kirghizia which resulted to the changing of ruled regime without bloodshed and violence. Tranquility revolution era began from 1989 and now is in the plan of great powers especially the U.S. imperialist state. This change is concentrated on a soft implication and non-violence method for changing of rulers and governments. These revolutions mostly designed by the U.S. organizations and happened in the countries which are not accepted western styles and their patterns and their common slogan have mostly focused on the liberalism. This paper attempts to analyze anatomy of colored revolutions and the reasons of failure of this pattern in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
243 - Assessment of Drought Severity Using Vegetation Temperature Condition Index (VTCI) and Terra/MODIS Satellite Data in Rangelands of Markazi Province, Iran
Ali Akbar Damavandi Mohammad Rahimi Mohammad Reza Yazdani Ali Akbar Noroozi -
Open Access Article
244 - SQUIRES RECEIVES OUTSTANDING ACHIEVEMENT AWARD FOR STEWARDSHIP
Journal of Rangeland Science Admin -
Open Access Article
245 - Patch Enclosure and Localized Effects of Selected Acacia Species on Herbaceous Richness and Soil Properties of Rangelands in Somali Regional State in Ethiopia
Buli Tasisa Sileshi Nemomissa -
Open Access Article
246 - Rangeland Restoration Analysis on the South Slope of Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Northeast Libya
Adel Mahmoud Mohd Bin Ismail Mohamad Alias Alias Sood -
Open Access Article
247 - Rangeland Ecology, Management and Conservation Benefits
Ali Ariapour -
Open Access Article
248 - Effect of Micro-Catchment on indices of Rangeland Health Using Landscape Function Analysis Method
mohaddeseh arab sarbizhan Mahdieh Ebrahimi Majid Ajorlo -
Open Access Article
249 - Evaluating effectiveness of rangeland management cooperatives in Gonbad city, Iran
mahjoobeh mohammadzadeh MohammadSharif Sharifzadeh Gholamhossein Abdollahzadeh Yazmorad Gharavi -
Open Access Article
250 - Investigating Factors affecting the Success of Official and Unofficial Range Management Cooperatives in three provinces of Iran
Abolfazl Rahmatizadeh Hossein Barani Ahmad Abedi Sarvestani Amir Mozafar Amini -
Open Access Article
251 - Study the Effects of Range Management Plans on Vegetation of Summer Rangelands of Mazandaran Province, Iran
Nemtollah Kohestani Hassan Yeganeh -
Open Access Article
252 - Studying the Relationship between Environmental Factors, Runoff Characteristics and Infiltration Depth Using Rainfall Simulator in Northwestern Rangelands of Iran
Sedigheh Mohamadi -
Open Access Article
253 - Some Autecological Properties of Medicinal Plant of Salvia hydrangea L. in Mazandaran, Iran
Mahdieh Ebrahimi Somayeh Ranjbar -
Open Access Article
254 - Changes in Soil Properties by Harvester Ant's Activity (Messor spp.) in Roodshoor Steppe Rangeland of Saveh, Iran
Mahsa Ghobadi Mohammad Mahdavi DONAT AGOSTI -
Open Access Article
255 - Dust Particles and Aerosols: Impact on Biota “A Review” (Part III)
Victor R Squires Elahe Karami -
Open Access Article
256 - Determination of Best Supervised Classification Algorithm for Land Use Maps using Satellite Images (Case Study: Baft, Kerman Province, Iran)
Sedigheh Mohamadi -
Open Access Article
257 - Impacts of Rangeland Reclamation and Management on Carbon Stock in North East of Iran (Case Study: Kardeh Basin, Mashhad, Iran)
Somayeh Naseri Hossein Tavakoli Mohammad Jafari Hossein Arzani -
Open Access Article
258 - Socio-economic Factors Affecting Acceptance of Livestock and Rangelands Insurance (Case Study: Agh Ghala county, Golestan Province, Iran)
Mehdi Foladizada Hossein Barani Ahmad Abedi Sarvestani Hamid Mostafaloo -
Open Access Article
259 - Forage Quality of Salsola turcomanica (Litv) in Semi-arid Region of Gomishan, Golestan Province, Iran
Armin Arrekhi Hamid Niknahad Gharmakher Johann Bachinger Ralf Bloch Johannes Hufnagel -
Open Access Article
260 - Effects of Exclosure on Soil Properties in Winter Rangelands in Golestan Province, Iran
Hamid Niknahad Gharmakher Esmaeil Sheidai-Karkaj Isa Jafari -
Open Access Article
261 - Efficiency of Spectral Indices Derived from Landsat-8 Images of Maharloo Lake and Its Surrounding Rangelands
Hamid Reza Matinfar Vahid Zandie -
Open Access Article
262 - Semi-Circular Bunds Effect on Restoration of Plant Vegetation and Soil Properties in Koteh Rangeland, Sistan and Baloochestan Province, Iran
Hamideh Khosravi Mahdieh Ebrahimi Masood Rigi -
Open Access Article
263 - The Effects of Climatic Parameters on Vegetation Cover and Forage Production of Four Grass Species in Semi-steppe Rangelands in Mazandaran Province, Iran
Mina Bayat Hossein Arzani Adel Jalili Saeedeh Nateghi -
Open Access Article
264 - Using SWAT Model to Investigate the Impact of Rangeland Management Practices on Water Conservation (Case Study: Gorganroud Watershed, Golestan, Iran)
Mohadeseh Zadsar Mojgansadat Azimi -
Open Access Article
265 - Determining the Preference Value of Perennial Grasses Using Preference Index and Sheep Grazing Time Methods in Grasslands of the Middle Alborz, Iran
Saeed Rashvand Hassan Yeganeh Fazel Amiri -
Open Access Article
266 - Soil Moisture Estimation in Rangelands Using Remote Sensing (Case Study: Malayer, West of Iran)
Hamid Nouri Muhammad Faramarzi -
Open Access Article
267 - Ecological Restoration, Global Challenges, Social Aspects and Environmental Benefits
Elaha Karami -
Open Access Article
268 - The Effects of Deferred Grazing System on Vegetation Parameters in Semi-Arid Rangelands (Case Study: Jashlubar, Semnan, Iran)
Mojgansadat Azimi Moslem Mozafari -
Open Access Article
269 - Ecological Drivers of Ecosystem Diversity in Sahelian Rangeland of Niger
SOUMANA Idrissa Boubacar M. Moussa Youssoufa Issiaka Ali Mahamane Ambouta J.M. Karimou Mahamane Saadou -
Open Access Article
270 - Investigating Effects of a Prescribed Spring Fire on Symbiosis between Mycorrhiza Fungi and Range Plant Species
Jalil Ahmadi Mohammad Farzam Amir Lagzian -
Open Access Article
271 - Comparative Assessment of Gully Erosion and Sediment Yield in Different Rangelands and Agricultural Areas in Ghasr-e-Shirin, Kermanshah, Iran
Khosrw Shahbazi Ali Salajagheh Mohammad Jafari Hassan Ahmadi Aliakbar Nazarisamani Mohammad Khosrowshahi -
Open Access Article
272 - Determining Range Suitability Using Fuzzy and Hierarchical Method (Case Study: Bagheran Birjand Watershed, South Khorasan Province, Iran)
Einollah Rouhi Moghaddam Halimeh Joloro Hadi Memarian -
Open Access Article
273 - A Conceptual Model on Relationship between Structure and Functions in Rangeland Ecosystems
Amir Ahmadpour Gholam Ali Heshmati Ramtin Joolaie -
Open Access Article
274 - Factors Affecting Herders Migration Time to Summer Rangelands (Case Study: Kouhdasht Rangelands, Lorestan Province, Iran)
Samira Hajipuor Hossein Barani Hassan Yeganeh Ahmad Abdei Sarvestani -
Open Access Article
275 - Change of Species Diversity in Vascular Plants Across Ecological Species Groups
Hossein Naderi Mohsen Sharafatmandrad -
Open Access Article
276 - Factors Affecting Structure, Conduct and Performance of Livestock Markets in Butana Area, Sudan
Hala Ahmed Hassan Mohammed Abdelaziz Abdelfattah Hashim Babo Fadlalla Siegfried Bauer Sahar Ezzat -
Open Access Article
277 - Mapping Natural Resources Vulnerability to Droughts Using Multi-Criteria Decision Making and GIS (Case Study: Kashkan Basin Lorestan Province, Iran)
Elyas Khezri Rahim Maleknia Hossein Zeinivand Ziaodin Badehin -
Open Access Article
278 - Relationships between Species Diversity and Biomass in Mountainous Habitats in Zagros Rangeland (Case Study: Baneh, Kurdistan, Iran)
Bakhtiar Fattahi Mohammad Ali Zare chahouki Mohammad Jafari Hossein Azarnivand Pejman Tahmasebi -
Open Access Article
279 - PROFESSOR KARIM SAEI
Hossein Badripour -
Open Access Article
280 - Investigating the Effects of Different Harvesting Intensities on Forage Production in Sahand Rangelands of Eastern Azerbaijan Province, Iran
Mohammad Reza Najibzadeh Mina Bayat Saeedeh Nateghi Mohammad Hasan Pezeshki -
Open Access Article
281 - Determining Timely Entry and Exit of Livestock in Rangelands Using Bromus tomentellus Phenological Stages (Case Study: Goorab Rangeland of Isfahan)
Maryam Gholami Mostafa Saeedfar -
Open Access Article
282 - ENG. HADI HOSSEINI ARAGHI
Ehsan Zandi -
Open Access Article
283 - Indicator Species for Rangeland Management by Anp-Dematel method (Case Study: Nahavand Rangeland)
Marziye Asgari Armin Mashayekhan Ali Ariapour -
Open Access Article
284 - FULL PROFESSOR MANSOUR MESDAGHI
Elaha Karami -
Open Access Article
285 - Soil Organic Carbon Content and Stocks in Relation to Grazing Management in Semi-Arid Grasslands of Kenya
Hillary Rotich Richard Onwonga Judith Mbau Oscar Koech -
Open Access Article
286 - Role of Plant Species and Ecological Patches in Conserving and Fixing Natural Landsʹ Soil Using Landscape Functional Analysis (LFA) (Case Study: Dehbar Rangeland, Torghabeh, Mashhad, Iran)
Reyhaneh Azimi Gholam Ali Heshmati mohamad kia kianian samira hossein jafari Dawood Zakeri -
Open Access Article
287 - Economic Evaluation of Shallot Utilization in Varnasa Rangeland, Naghadeh, Iran
Javad Motamedi Morteza Mofidi Chelan Saeed Rahmanpour Mahshid Souri -
Open Access Article
288 - Comparing Different Modeling Techniques for Predicting Presence-absence of Some Dominant Plant Species in Mountain Rangelands, Mazandaran Province
Mansoureh Kargar Davod Akhzari Amir Saadatfar -
Open Access Article
289 - PROFESSOR MOHAMMAD HOSSEIN HAKIMI MEIBODY
Motahareh Esfandyari -
Open Access Article
290 - Ecological Effects of Climate Factors on Rangeland Vegetation (Case Study: Polour Rangelands)
Diana Askarizadeh Hossein Arzani -
Open Access Article
291 - A Review on Bush Encroachment Effect on Cattle Rearing in Rangelands
Shimels Ali Getachew Muche -
Open Access Article
292 - Climate Change Implications on the Rangelands Condition in West Guji and Borana Zones, Southern Ethiopia
Tesfaye Dejene Gemedo Dalle Teshale Woldeamanuel Muluken Mekuyie -
Open Access Article
293 - Effects of Sowing Season and Method on Seedling Emergence and Survivor Rate of Vicia variabilis in Kermanshah Province, Iran
Mohammad Gheitury Mosayeb Heshmati Mohammad Fayaz Yahya Parvizi Hoshmand Safari -
Open Access Article
294 - Comparative Study of Species Diversity in different Land Use Units of the Borana Lowlands, Southern Oromia, Ethiopia
Gemedo Dalle -
Open Access Article
295 - Projected Changes in Soil Organic Carbon Stocks over a 50-Year Period under Different Grazing Management Systems in Semi-Arid Grasslands of Kenya
Hillary Rotich Richard Onwonga Oscar Koech Judith Mbau -
Open Access Article
296 - Resting Impact on Vegetation Cover of Fescue-Forbs Rangeland in Mongolia
Otgontuya Lkhagvajav Lkhagvajav Namdag Munkhbat Chimed -
Open Access Article
297 - Optimum Seed Rate for Vigna sun-hum (Tagtaga) for Rangeland Rehabilitation in Sandy Soil of North Kordofan
Ahmed M. M. Lazim Elnazir M. Daw-elbait Sahar Ezzat Salih. A. Elsheikh -
Open Access Article
298 - Forage Quality of Salsola yazdiana and S. tomentosa in Different Growth Stages in Saline Desert of Yazd Province, Iran
Mostafa Zare Ehsan Zandi Ardavan Ghorbani -
Open Access Article
299 - Social Responsibility and Rangelands Conservation: An Investigation on Mobile Pastoralists in Golestan Province, Iran
Bahareh Behmanesh Ahmad Abedi Sarvestani Hossein Barani Mohammad Reza Shahraki Majid Mohammad Esmaeili -
Open Access Article
300 - Nutritive Value of Some Rangeland Plants Compared to Medicago sativa
Mohsen Kazemi Reza Valizadeh -
Open Access Article
301 - The Landscape as a Unit for Rangeland Inventory in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Iran
Mansoor Mesdaghi -
Open Access Article
302 - Investigation of Climatic Parameters Affecting Annual Forage Production in BidAlam rangeland, Abadeh, Fars Province, Iran
Hossein Arzani Eshagh Omidvar Saeed Mohtashamnia Seyed akbar Javadi Mohammad Jafary -
Open Access Article
303 - Causes and Effects of Rangeland Degradation in the Lowland Districts of the Bale Eco-Region, Ethiopia
Aliyi Jarso -
Open Access Article
304 - Investigation of Relationship between Precipitation and Temperature with Range Production of Grasslands in North and North-east of Iran
Nafiseh Fakhar Izadi Kamal Naseri Mansoor Mesdaghi -
Open Access Article
305 - Impact of Regional Rangeland Cover Degradation on Increasing Dusty Days in West of Iran
Hamid Nouri mohamad faramarzi seyed hadi sadeghi -
Open Access Article
306 - Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon and Nitrogen in Himalayan Rangeland of Eastern Nepal: A Comparison between Grazed and Non-grazed Rangelands
Dil Limbu Madan Koirala ZhanHuan Shang -
Open Access Article
307 - Professor Dana Kelly, President of the International Grassland and Rangelands Committee
Journal of Rangeland Science Admin -
Open Access Article
308 - Changes in Vegetation and Soil Characteristics of Steppe and Semi-Steppe Rangelands under Impact of Solar Power Plant in Absard and Shahrerey, Iran
Mahshid Souri Nadia kamali -
Open Access Article
309 - Use of Medicinal Species as an Ecological Indicator for Interpreting Changes in Rangeland Status (Case Study: Javaherdeh Rangelands of Ramsar)
Tina Salarian Hossein Arzani Mohammad Hasan Jouri Mohammad Jafari -
Open Access Article
310 - The Effect of Soil Moisture and Climatic Index of Evapotranspiration on Forage Production in Rangelands of Dehsir, Yazd province, Iran
Elham Fakhimi Hossein Arzani -
Open Access Article
311 - Economic Value of Morocco Oued Beht Watershed Rangeland Habitats in terms of Forage Production
Ismaili Hassana Elasri Bouchra Ghazi Souad Ziri Rabea Brhadda Najiba -
Open Access Article
312 - Prioritization of Rangeland Species Functions with Emphasis on Indigenous Knowledge of Range Holders (Case study: Titoeieh Area in Baft Township, Kerman, Iran)
Hossein Arzani Nahid Hamzehnejad Reza Bagheri Seyed Akbar Javadi -
Open Access Article
313 - Determination of the Potential Habitat of Range Plant Species Using Maximum Entropy Method
Fatemeh Palashi Hossein Piri Sahragard Majid Ajorlo -
Open Access Article
314 - The Response of Topsoil Properties and Nitrogen Transformation to Land Cover in a Semi-arid Rangeland (Case Study: Kojur Rangeland in Mazandaran Province, Iran)
Nastaran Armat Ghasem Ali Dianati Tilaki Yahya Kooch -
Open Access Article
315 - Effect of Wheat Straw Biochar and Lignite on Nutritional Value of Nitraria schoberi and Astragalus podolobus in Greenhouse Condition
Seyyedeh Mohadeseh Ehsani Hamid Niknahad Gharmakher Javad Motamedi Mousa Akbarlou Esmaeil Sheidai Karkaj -
Open Access Article
316 - Competition on Rangelands Utilizations Conflict Source among Users in Semi – Arid Areas at Eldebeibat, South Kordofan State–Sudan
Abdelrahim Abdelrahim Ibrahim Galal Fashir -
Open Access Article
317 - Effectiveness of Range Management Plans in Middle Zagros Region from Viewpoint of Rangeland Experts
Mehrdad Baharvandi Nourollah Abdi Abbas Ahmadi Hamid Toranjzar Saeed Gholamrezai -
Open Access Article
318 - Impact of Bush Encroachment Control on Rangeland Vegetation in the Rangelands of Bale, Southeastern Ethiopia
Mahammed Abdullahi Abdunaser Birka -
Open Access Article
319 - The Ecological Factors Effecting the Distribution of Artemisia melanolepis Boiss. in Southeast of Sabalan Mt., Iran
Ardavan Ghorbani Maryam Molaei ShamAsbi -
Open Access Article
320 - Influence of Climatic Factors on Forage Production and Vegetation Cover of Iran's Upland Rangeland (Jashloobar Rangeland, Semnan Province)
Somayeh Naseri Behrooz Arastoo Tahereh Parvaneh -
Open Access Article
321 - Evaluation of Meteorological Factors in Estimating Forage Production in Steppe and Semi-steppe Rangelands of Iran
Hossein Arzani Zahra Mansouri Aliraza Moghaddamnia Javad Motamedi Shahram Khalighi Sigaroudi -
Open Access Article
322 - Effects of Sowing Season and Cultivation Method on Vegetative Traits and Establishment of Astragalus lilacinus in Ardebil Province, Iran
Alireza Eftekhari Jaber Sharifi Ehsan Zandi Effahan -
Open Access Article
323 - Assessment of Land Use Changes in Miandoab Rangelands by GIS and AHP
Nafiseh Rezapour Andabili Mahsa Safaripour -
Open Access Article
324 - Estimating the Contribution and Economic Value of Various Services of Pollinator Insects in a Northern Rangeland Ecosystem of Iran
Yadollah Bostan Ahmad Fatahiardakani Majid Sadeghinia Masoud Fehresti Sani -
Open Access Article
325 - Characterization of Rangeland Watershed of the Semi-arid Rangelands, Southeast Ethiopia
Mahammed Abdullahi Abdulnaser Yonus -
Open Access Article
326 - The Foraging Ecology of Nguni and Brahman Cattle under Different Management Systems in High-altitude Grasslands of South Africa
Phumlile Simelane Julie Shapiro Thembs' Alilahlwa A. M. Mahlaba Robert McCleery Duncan MacFadyen Ara Monadjem -
Open Access Article
327 - Correlations between Some Vegetation Attributes and Soil Physicochemical Properties at Selected Wet Season Grazing Sites Central Sudan
Abdelrahim Elbalola Ibrahim Yousef Ahmed Elshikh -
Open Access Article
328 - Effect of Environmental and Managerial Factors on Range Condition in Semi-Arid Mountainous Area of Chahar Bagh in Northeastern Iran
Khosro Shahidi Hamedani Ali Tavili Seyed Akbar Javadi Mohammad Jafary Mohammad Tahmoures -
Open Access Article
329 - Prediction of Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) in Semi-Arid Rangeland Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis based on Remotely Sensing Data (Case study: Neyshabur Rangeland, Khorasan-Razavi Province, Iran)
Hamid Reza Matinfar Ahmad Reza Pilevari Akbar Sohrabi -
Open Access Article
330 - What Drives Ranchers’ Intention to Conserve Rangelands: The Role of Environmental Concern (A Case Study of Angoshteh Watershed in Borujerd County, Iran)
Saeid Karimi Amir Saghaleini -
Open Access Article
331 - Prioritizing Impact of Economic, Social and Ecological Factors on Sustainable Range Management (Case study: Semi-Arid Rangelands of Kerman Province, Iran)
Najmeh Faryabi Hossein Arzani Seyed akbar Javadi Mohammad Jafary Mehdi Farahpour -
Open Access Article
332 - Assessment of Fire Effect on Water Balance Components under Different Land Uses in Central Zagros Rangelands, Iran
Khodayar Abdollahi Ali Asghar Naghipour-Borj Samira Bayati Zahra Eslami Forrest Weston Black -
Open Access Article
333 - Effects of Grazing Management on Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Southern Rangelands of Kenya
Hillary Rotich Oscar Koech Richard Onwonga Judith Mbau -
Open Access Article
334 - Ensemble Modeling Approach to Predict the Potential Distribution of Artemisia sieberi in Desert Rangelands of Yazd Province, Central Iran
Mohammad Ali Zare chahouki Peyman Karami Hossein Piri Sahragard -
Open Access Article
335 - The effect of fire on the structural and functional characteristics of vegetation (case study: Astragalus spp. habitat of Kabodeh, Kermanshah)
Borzou Yousefi Mohammad Gheitury Mosayeb Heshmati Reza Siahmansour -
Open Access Article
336 - Comparing Soil and Phytomass Carbon Sequestration in Two Land Uses: Rangeland and Cropland (Case Study: Mahallat, Galcheshmeh Region, Iran)
Farhad Derakhshan Nourollah Abdi Hamid Torangzar Abbas Ahmadi -
Open Access Article
337 - Effects of Organic Mulches on Soil Properties and Growth Attributes of Caper (Capparis spinosa L.) for Cultivation in the Coastal Rangelands of Southern Iran
Saeid Rabani Kourosh Ordookhani Farshid Aref Mahdi Zare Shahram Sharafzadeh -
Open Access Article
338 - Nomads’ Perceptions on Nomadic Rangeland Management in Two Provinces of Iran (An Application of Grounded Theory)
Ali Mohebbi Rosemary Black Zahra Farzizadeh Mahdi Ramezani Rostam Khalifehzadeh -
Open Access Article
339 - Technical Efficiency of Traditional Livestock Husbandry and its Determinants in Mountain Rangelands of Northern Iran
Shafagh Rastgar Hossein Ahamdi Gatab Seyed Mojtaba Mojaverian Ghodratollah Heydari -
Open Access Article
340 - Prediction of Climatic Ecological Nest of Artemisia aucheri Boiss in the Capital of Iran Based on Modeling
Mahshid Souri Morteza khodagholi Saeedeh Nateghi Nadia kamali Parvane Ashouri Razieh Saboohi -
Open Access Article
341 - Impact of Deferment on Grassland Condition and Diet Quality of Cattle under a Short-Duration Grazing System
Raul Tacuna Enrique Flores Roberto Distel -
Open Access Article
342 - Determining Ecological Thresholds in Saline Habitats on Western Shore of Lake Urmia, Iran
Javad Motamedi Esmaeil Sheidai-Karkaj -
Open Access Article
343 - Determination of Rangeland Grazing Suitability Model by GIS (Case Study: Sarab Sefid Basin, Lorestan, Iran)
Ali AriapourLivestock grazing in unsuitable land has increasingly grown in most part of rangelands of Iran due to population growth. It causes many irreparable damages such as soil erosion, water loss, and wealth loss. Therefore, it is important to identify the best suitable land f MoreLivestock grazing in unsuitable land has increasingly grown in most part of rangelands of Iran due to population growth. It causes many irreparable damages such as soil erosion, water loss, and wealth loss. Therefore, it is important to identify the best suitable land for livestock grazing. Land suitability for livestock grazing affects by many ecosystem components but due to time and funding restrictions, the most important and feasible elements were investigated. This paper adapted the schematic model based on the concepts presented by the FAO suitability analysis for livestock grazing in Sarab Sefid Borujerd rangeland of Iran. Significant needed factors to livestock grazing such as forage; soil and water which were in sub-models were determined and incorporated into the final model of rangeland grazing suitability. Some important maps include such as: DEM, slope, aspect, range condition, range trend, forage, soil erosion, water sources used as input data. Three sub models including water accessibility, forage production and erosion sensitivity were considered. The most adaptation of Suitability occurs for class (Good) S1, (Medium) S2, (Poor) S3 and (Non-suitable) N respectively using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). First of all, the complete raster layers valued and ranked by FAO method for each factor then integrated by overlays intersected command. Results show that according to 16 types of vegetation cover there was no each of them in S1 class, 3088.75 ha S2, 1892.63 ha S3 and 882.85 ha were N class. Also result determined that there is no limitation of water resource in total rangeland and the most and main important factors effect on suitability are soil erosion and slope due to mountainous area. According to the field data and comparing with the study data it can/is possible to conclude GIS technique is fast and accurate to monitoring and determining of suit abilities of rangelands. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
344 - Investigation of the Nutritional Potential of a Pasture Plant Species (Cyperus rotundus L.) at Different Growth Stages Under In Vitro and Standard Laboratory Studies
Mohsen Kazemi -
Open Access Article
345 - Changes in Species Diversity and Functional Diversity of Vegetation under Different Grazing Intensities in Changizchal Rangelands, Mazandaran Province, Iran
Mansoureh Kargar Majid Sadeghinia Sara Farazmand -
Open Access Article
346 - Application of 24-epibrassinolide as an Environmentally Friendly Strategy Alleviates Negative Effects of Salinity Stress in Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad
Amir Saadatfar Samira Hossein Jafari -
Open Access Article
347 - Modeling Potential Habitats for Gymnocarpus decander Using Multivariate Statistical Methods and Logistic Regression (Case Study: Sistan and Baluchestan Province)
Masome Narouei Seyed Akbar Javadi Morteza Khodagholi Mohammad Jafary Reza Azizinezhad -
Open Access Article
348 - Effects of Fire on Vegetation Cover and Forage Production of Solan Rangeland in Hamadan Province, Iran
Ghasem Asadian Zahra Azimnejad Mohammad Reza Bakhtiari -
Open Access Article
349 - Rangeland Biodiversity: Status, Challenges and Opportunities Review
Teshome Gemechu Chawicha Gemedo Dalle Tussie -
Open Access Article
350 - Indigenous Rangeland Management Systems on Carbon Sequestration in Semi-arid Areas of Eastern Ethiopia
Ahmed Mohammed Kassa Retta Mekete Tahir Abebe Fereja -
Open Access Article
351 - Effects of Planting Date and Biofertilizer on Seedling Growth of Thymus daenensis Celak and T. vulgaris L. Cultivated in Borujerd, Iran
Sajad Shams Beyranvand Mohammad Farzam Ali Ariapour Jafar Nabati -
Open Access Article
352 - The use of modified and unmodified digital cameras to monitor small-scale savannah rangeland vegetation.
Thabang Maphanga -
Open Access Article
353 - Understanding the Economic Impact of Wild Horse Management on Local Communities
Ryan Yonk Thaddeus Meadows -
Open Access Article
354 - Effects of Phenological Stages on Yield and Quality Traits of Three Halophyte Plant Species as Forage Sources and Combating Desertification in Khuzestan Province, Iran
Kourosh Behnamfar Ehsan Zandi Esfahan Ali Ashraf Jaffari -
Open Access Article
355 - Studying Short-Time Dynamics of Vegetation and Soil Organic Carbon in a Semi-arid Rangeland (Case Study: Zharf, Khorasan Province, Iran)
Mohamad Taghi Kashki Amr Ali Shahmoradi Ehsan Zandi Esfahan -
Open Access Article
356 - The Study of Diversity Indices of Plants Species Using SHE Method (Case Study: Javaherdeh Rangelands, Ramsar, Iran)
Tina Salarian Mohammad Hassan Jouri Diana Askarizadeh Mahdieh Mahmoudi -
Open Access Article
357 - Assessment of Range Health Changes in Zagros Semi-Arid Rangelands, Iran (Case Study: Chalghafa- Semirom-Isfahan)
Ezatollah Moradi Gholam Ali Heshmati Ali Hosein Bahramian -
Open Access Article
358 - Investigating the Effects of Soil Factors on Biodiversity in Plant Communities of Karvan Rangeland (Case Study: Isfahan Province, Iran)
Habib Yazdanshenas Mohammad jafari Hossein Azarnivand Hossein Arzani Malihe Nasiri -
Open Access Article
359 - Capability Investigation of Carbon Sequestration in Two Species (Artemisia sieberi Besser and Stipa barbata Desf.) Under Different Treatments of Vegetation Management (Saveh, Iran)
M. Alizadeh M. Mahdavi M. H. Jouri -
Open Access Article
360 - Investigation of Plant Diversity in Middle Rangelands of Taleghan by Using BIO-DAP
F. Fahimipoor M. A. Zare Chahouki M. Jafari M. Goldansaz Z. Mohhebi -
Open Access Article
361 - Relationship between Some Environmental Factors with Distribution of Medicinal Plants in Ghorkhud Protected Region, Northern Khorasan Province, Iran
Mousa Akbarlou Negin Nodehi -
Open Access Article
362 - Comparison of Seed Bed Preparation Methods on Seedling Emergence Rate in Six Range Species in Khash Rangelands of Iran
A. A. Ameri A. A. Sanadgol -
Open Access Article
363 - Study on the Environmental Factors Contributing to Distribution of Thymus kotschyanus in Taleghan Basin, Iran
Leila Darvishi Mohammad Ali Zare Chahouki Mohammad Jafari Hussein Azarnivand Majid Yousefi Valikchali -
Open Access Article
364 - Seasonal Changes of Nutritive Values and Digestibility of Range Forage of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran
Gholamreza Shadnoush Mohammad Hassan Jouri Diana Askarizadeh Vahid Rahimi Kakroodi -
Open Access Article
365 - Assessment of the Effects of Overgrazing on the Soil Physical Characteristic and Vegetation Cover Changes in Rangelands of Hosainabad in Kurdistan Province, Iran
H. Azarnivand A. Farajollahi E. Bandak H. Pouzesh -
Open Access Article
366 - ANP Application in Evaluating Ecological Capability of Range Management (Case Study: Badreh Region, Ilam Province)
Ali Mahdavi Marzban Faramarzi Omid Karami -
Open Access Article
367 - Selection of Appropriate Estimation Methods of Range Conditions (Case Study: Kabirkooh Rangelands of Zagros, Iran)
Freidoon Soleimani Parviz Karami Nosrat Safaian -
Open Access Article
368 - Investigation of Rangeland Changes Based on Landscape Metrics Analysis (Case Study: Kezab Rangelands, Yazd Province, Iran)
Mahdi Tazeh -
Open Access Article
369 - The Surveying of Range Condition and Biodiversity in Four Sites of Northern Alborz Rangelands, Iran
Mohammad Hassan Jouri Diana Askarizadeh Vahid Rahimi Kakroodi -
Open Access Article
370 - Studying the sffects of Grazing Capacity and Rangeland Conditions on Occurrence of Landslide in Subalpine Grassland (Case Study: Rangeland of Masoleh Watershed)
Mona Fakhre Ghazi Mohammad Hasan Jouri Vahid Gholami -
Open Access Article
371 - Effects of Grazing Exclusion on Plant Productivity and Carbon Sequestration (Case Study: Gomishan Rangelands, Golestan Province, Iran)
Hamid Niknahad Gharmakher Isa Jafari Foutami Arezou Sharifi -
Open Access Article
372 - Investigation of Habitat Characteristics and Phenology of Five Range Species in Highlands of Kashan, Iran
Seyyed Morteza Abtahi Ehsan Zandi Esfahan -
Open Access Article
373 - Identifying Rangeland Development and Restoration Operations Targets (Case Study: Hossein Abad Bazoft Basin, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran)
Azadeh Afrigan Mohammad Jafari Sara Jamalpour Arghavan Shahlayie -
Open Access Article
374 - Effects of Seed Scarification on Vegetation Parameters in Some Astragalus Species under Field Conditions (Case Study: Homand Absard, Damavand, Iran)
Sedigheh Zarekia Ali Ashraf Jafari Ehsan Zandi Esfahan -
Open Access Article
375 - Analyzing Effective Factors on Rangeland Exploitation by Using A'WOT (Case Study: Aq Qala Rangelands, Golestan, Iran)
Abolfazl Sharifiyan Bahraman Hossein Barani Ahmad Abedi Sarvestani Abolfazl Haji Mollahoseini -
Open Access Article
376 - Water Resources Suitability Model by Using GIS (Case Study: Borujerd Rangeland, Sarab Sefid)
Ali Ariapour Moslem Hadidi Kolsoum Karami Fazel Amiri -
Open Access Article
377 - Effects of Salinity on Seedling Growth and Physiological Traits of Vetiver Grass (Vetiveria zizanioides Stapf)
Davoud Akhzari, Alireza Ildoromi Maryam Dashti Marvili -
Open Access Article
378 - Investigation of Stability and Relationships between Species Diversity Indices and Topographical Factors (Case Study: Ghorkhud Mountainous Rangeland, Northern Khorasan Province, Iran)
Negin Nodehi Mousa Akbarlou Adel Sepehry Hasan Vahid -
Open Access Article
379 - Preference Value Evaluation of Rangeland Plant Species for Kaboudeh Sheep
Reza Erfanzadeh Moharam Ashrafzadeh Seyed Hamzeh Hosseini Kahnuj Arezu Alizadeh -
Open Access Article
380 - Plant Species and Functional Types’ Diversity in Relation to Grazing in Arid and Semi-arid Rangelands, Khabr National Park, Iran
Mohsen Sharafatmandrad Adel Sepehry Hossein Barani -
Open Access Article
381 - Rangelands Goods and Services Local People Views and Priorities (Case Study: Hezarjarib Rangelands, Mazandaran Province, Iran)
Mohammad Reza Shahraki Naghmeh Gholami Baghi Mohsen Sharafatmandrad Bahareh Behmanesh -
Open Access Article
382 - Effects of Shrub Canopy on the Microclimate and Soil Properties of Steppe Rangeland
Tahereh Sadeghi Shahrakht Mohammad Jankju Mansour Mesdaghi -
Open Access Article
383 - Relationships Among Forage and Litter Production in Three Grazing Intensities in Nodooshan Rangeland (Yazd, Iran)
E. Fakhimi M. Mesdaghi Gh.A. Dianati Tilaki M. Tavan -
Open Access Article
384 - Effects of Super-Absorbent Polymers (SAPs) Plus Manure Treatments on Vegetation Cover and Soil Nutrients of Festuca ovina under Drought Stress
Mahshid Souri Javad Motamedi -
Open Access Article
385 - Effects of Rangeland Restoration (Contour Furrows, and Mortar Stone Dam) on Soil Fertilization (Case Study: Silvana Region, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran)
Mahshid Souri Seyedeh Khadijeh Mahdavi Sahra Tarverdizadeh Sankari -
Open Access Article
386 - Investigation of Changes in Rangeland Vegetation Regarding Different Slopes, Elevation and Geographical Aspects (Case Study: Yazi Rangeland, Noor County, Iran)
Hamid Reza Saeedi Goraghani Mojtaba Solaimani Sardo Nabi Azizi Ali Azareh Sara Heshmati -
Open Access Article
387 - Statistical Downscaling HadCM3 Model for Detection and Perdiction of Seasonal Climatic Variations (Case Study: Khabr Rangeland, Kerman, Iran)
Amir Saadatfar Hossein Barani Abdol Reza Bahremand Ali Reza Massah Bavani Adel Sepehry Ahmad Abedi Servestani -
Open Access Article
388 - Effects of Harvester Ants’ Nest Activity (Messor spp.) on Structure and Function of Plant Community in a Steppe Rangeland (Case Study: Roodshoor, Saveh, Iran)
Mahsa Ghobadi Donat Agosti Mohammad Mahdavi Mohammad Hassan Jouri -
Open Access Article
389 - Flora, Life Form and Chorology of Winter and Rural Range Plants in the Northern Khorasan Province, Iran
Mohammad Jankju Fereydoon Mellati Zohreh Atashgahi -
Open Access Article
390 - Diet Selection by Sheep and Goats on Upland Rangelands (North Alborz) Case Study: Javaherdeh Rangeland of Ramsar
Diana Askarizadeh Gholam Ali Heshmati -
Open Access Article
391 - Estimating Plant Biomass by Using Non-Destructive Parameters in Arid Regions (Case Study: Inche-Broun Winter Rangelands, Golestan, Iran)
Naghmeh Gholami Baghi Adel Sepehri Hossein Barani Salman Abdol-Rasoul Mahini -
Open Access Article
392 - Rangeland Ecohydrology, New Paradigm in Water Management of Arid and Semi-arid Lands
Nasrin kolahchi Mohsen Mohseni Saravi Ali Tavili Mohammad Jafari Ghasem Assadian -
Open Access Article
393 - Assessment of Dust Impact on Rangeland and Livestock Production According to Ranchers Opinion (Case Study: Andimeshk District, Iran)
Abed Zeidali Hossein Barani Mohsen Hosseinali Zadeh -
Open Access Article
394 - Changes in Soil Organic Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Modified and Native Rangeland Communities (Case study: Sisab Rangelands, Bojnord)
Ali Asghar Naghipour Borj Maryam Haidarian Aghakhani Masoud Nasri Hadi Radnezhad -
Open Access Article
395 - Systemic Management of Mountainous Rangeland Ecosystem, Case Study: The Javaherdeh Rangeland of Ramsar
Mohammad Hassan Jouri Dina Askarizadeh Vahid Rahimi Mohammad Mahdavi -
Open Access Article
396 - Investigation of Vegetation Dynamics and Range Conditions in Central Desert of Iran (Case Study: Haftooman, Khoor and Biabanak)
Seyyed Morteza Abtahi Amr Ali Shahmoradi Ehsan Zandi Esfahan -
Open Access Article
397 - Assessment of Health Conditions of Mountain Rangeland Ecosystem Using Species Diversity and Richness Indices, Case Study: Central Alborz (Iran)
Mohammad hasan Jouri Dnyan Patil Rivandra S. Gavali Nosrat Safaian Diana Askarizadeh -
Open Access Article
398 - Chemical Composition and In Vitro Digestibility of Some Range Species in Rangelands of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran
Gholamreza Shadnoush -
Open Access Article
399 - Evaluation of Interception in Astragalus parrowianus, (Case Study: Gonbad Rangeland of Hamadan Province, Iran)
Nasrin Kolahchi Mohsen Mohseni Saravi Ali Tavili Mohammad Jafari Ghassem Assadian -
Open Access Article
400 - Effect of Three Operation Systems of Contour Furrow, Pitting and Enclousure on Rangeland Improvement (Case Study: Golestan Province, Iran)
Abdollah Chamani Manijeh Tavan Seid Ali Hoseini -
Open Access Article
401 - Comparison of Measurement Indices of Diversity, Richness, Dominance, and Evenness in Rangeland Ecosystem (Case Study: Jvaherdeh-Ramesar)
Negar Davari Mohammad Hassan Jouri Ali Ariapour -
Open Access Article
402 - Evaluation of Enclosure Effects on Soil Carbon Storage (Case Study: Rangeland of Shahtappeh-Chah Mahmood and Chiro in Semnan Province)
Maedeh Yousefian Khadijeh Mahdavi Mohammad Mahdavi Reza Tamartash -
Open Access Article
403 - Investigation of Fire Effects on Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Soil in Golandaz Dehbekri Rangeland
Saed Shahrokhi Sarduo Reza Bagheri Hamzeh Ahmadi Fatemeh Mahdavi -
Open Access Article
404 - Determination of Soil Salinity in Frankenia hirsuta L. Habitat (Case Study: Saline and Alkaline Rangelands of Golestan Province)
Ghasem Ali Abarsaji Mohammad Mahdavi Mohammad Hassan Jouri -
Open Access Article
405 - Comparative Study of Member Viewpoints about Effective Socio- Economic Factors on the Range Management Cooperatives Success (Golestan Province)
Mohammad Reza Shahraki Mohsen Sharafatmandrad -
Open Access Article
406 - Determination of Sodium Chloride in the Plant Species of Frankenia hirsuta L. in the Saline and Alkaline Rangelands of Golestan Province (A Case Study of Inche-Shorezar Rangeland)
Ghasem Ali Abarsaji Mohammad Mahdavi Mohammad Hassan Jouri -
Open Access Article
407 - Effect of Grazing Intensity on Soil Density of Inchehbroon Rangelands (Golestan province, Iran)
Seid Ali Hoseini Adel Sepehri Hossein Barani Abdolreza Bahremand Manijeh Tavan -
Open Access Article
408 - Multivariate Statistical Method for Assessing Livestock Grazing Effects on Soil and Vegetation in Steppe Rangelands (Case Study: Steppe Rangelands of Saveh)
Sedigheh Zare Kia Hossein Arzani Mohammad Jafari Seyyed Akbar Javadi Ali Ashraf Jafari -
Open Access Article
409 - The Effects of Range Management Plans of Soil Properties and Rangelands Vegetation (Case Study: Eshtehard Rangelands)
Hossein Azarnivand Esmaeil Alizadeh Anvar Sour Ali Hajibeglo -
Open Access Article
410 - Potential of Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) to Predict Nutrient Composition of Bromus tomentellus
Hossein Arzani Anvar Sour Javad Motamedi -
Open Access Article
411 - Comparison of Experts and Rangers’ Opinions on Prioritizing Barriers in Participation of Rangers in Range Plans (Case Study: Tehran Province- Lar Moor)
Mojdeh khanmohamadi Ali Ariapour Mohammad Hossein Razzaghi -
Open Access Article
412 - Determining the Most Suitable Vegetation Index for Seperating Ecotone Boundaries in Arid Rangelands Using Satellite Data
Mahnoosh Pourhadi Saeed Mohtashamnia Mohammad Mahdavi -
Open Access Article
413 - Determining the Most Important Financing Strategies in the Worn-Out texture of Urban Recreation Targets and Neighborhoods, Using Network Fuzzy Range Adjusted Measure Data Envelopment Analysis (NFRAM DEA) (Case Study: Javanmard Qasab Neighborhood, District 20 of Tehran Municipality)
SARA hadavand Mohammad Ebrahim Mohammadpour Zarandi MEHRZAD minoueiImprovement and redevelopment measures in Worn-Out texture, Urban Recreation Targets, and Neighborhoods,are a multifaceted and progressive issue, and the extent to which these reductions have been beneficial has increased in both dimensions and dimensions. This study ex MoreImprovement and redevelopment measures in Worn-Out texture, Urban Recreation Targets, and Neighborhoods,are a multifaceted and progressive issue, and the extent to which these reductions have been beneficial has increased in both dimensions and dimensions. This study examines the idea of whether data envelopment analysis models (Network Fuzzy Range Adjusted Measure Data Envelopment Analysis (NFRAM DEA)) can be used to make the right decisions to finance these areas. This study, through reviewing the literature and examining the theoretical foundations, identifies the factors that influence the selection of financing methods for 50 Javanmard Qasab neighborhood district 20 of Tehran municipality plates (homogeneous plaque in terms of land area). Determines the government and residents and then proposes financing options for each license plate. The results of this study indicate the practical application of data envelopment analysis method (Network Fuzzy Range Adjusted Measure Data Envelopment Analysis (NFRAM DEA)) to calculate the efficiency of financing methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
414 - Investigating the Effect between Overall & Partial Efficiency of Financing Methods from the Perspective of Governance and Residents of the Worn-Out texture of Urban Recreation Targets and Neighborhoods, Using Network Fuzzy Range Adjusted Measure Data Envelopment Analysis (NFRAM DEA) method (Case Study: Javanmard Qasab Neighborhood, District 20 of Tehran Municipality)
sara hadavand mohammad ebrahim mohammad pourzarandi mehrzad minoueiThis analytical-descriptive article seeks to explain the impact of overall and partial of efficiency governance and residents on selected financing methods in the Javanmard Qassab neighborhood. The statistical population was all residential properties located in this ne MoreThis analytical-descriptive article seeks to explain the impact of overall and partial of efficiency governance and residents on selected financing methods in the Javanmard Qassab neighborhood. The statistical population was all residential properties located in this neighborhood, of which 50 homogeneous license plates were selected in terms of land area by non-random sampling method. Using fuzzy data envelopment analysis model, Network Fuzzy Range Adjusted Measure Data Envelopment Analysis, overall and partial efficiency was calculated and classified into three groups by using the K-means Clustring technique. Findings from Pearson correlation coefficient and F-test & test of significance (Two-tailed) of variance in SPSS software environment show that there is a direct and positive relationship between overall efficiency and part of residents in all financing methods with an average correlation coefficient of 0.834 with a significant level of 99%. It is more prominent in the process of improvement and modernization. The findings show a direct relationship between overall efficiency and governance with a mean correlation coefficient of 0.570. The results suggest that there is no significant relationship between residents' performance efficiency and governance, which indicates a lack of correlation in financing between government and people's interests. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
415 - Volatility Spillover in the financial markets of Iran (Method of VAR-GARCH models)
soqra razi kazemi gholamreza zomorodian Ebrahim ChiraniThe transfer of financial crises between different markets in a economy indicates the existence of channels of contagion. Parallel markets are closely linked to other markets in any economy. The channels of shocks and financial crises to other markets can include inform MoreThe transfer of financial crises between different markets in a economy indicates the existence of channels of contagion. Parallel markets are closely linked to other markets in any economy. The channels of shocks and financial crises to other markets can include information, macroeconomic variables, investment behaviors, etc. in this study, the existence of volatility overflow between coin market, oil, currency and stock markets was investigated using monthly data during 2009 to 2017. the results indicate the existence of the fluctuations, as well as structural failures due to the existence of this overflow. Granger causality tests also confirmed the existence of causal links between financial markets. Between coin and currency markets, exchange and oil are two - way causality and between the oil and gold markets, exchange and the stock are one-way causality. in this study, the Granger causality tests, structural failure tests, the correlation of variance and other necessary tests were used Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
416 - Development of Financial Networks Based on Cointegration Concept (A Study on Tehran Stock Exchange)
Fateme Rasti Hojjatollah SadeqiNetwork theory can be used to better understand the financial markets, which are one of the most complex concepts in today's world. Financial networks are a set of Nodes(vertices) and edges. Each node represents one stock and each edge indicates the relationship between MoreNetwork theory can be used to better understand the financial markets, which are one of the most complex concepts in today's world. Financial networks are a set of Nodes(vertices) and edges. Each node represents one stock and each edge indicates the relationship between the stocks. Early studies in this area used correlation coefficients to describe short-term relationships between stocks and market modeling. This modeling method applies to data that have symmetry and only determines the presence or absence of a relationship between stocks, and does not specify the type of relationship, the direction and weight of that relationship. In recent years, financial time series modeling has been done using the concept of cointegration. In this study using the time series stationary test,unit root tests of Dickey Fuller and KPSS ,and Engle-Granger test, cointegration based network were designed. In order to analyze this network, the centrality measures such as: centrality degree, between centrality, closeness centrality, page ranking and Bonacich were used. The results of this study show that cointegration networks can provide more complete graph of markets, and also central measures analysis can play an effective role in stock portfolio selection and provide a good model for understanding stock relationships. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
417 - Investigating the Dynamic relations between the Trend of Tehran Stock Exchange’s index and the Cumulative Funds' Cash Flow".
mirfeiz fallah Amirhosseyn shamaeezadehThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the net cash flows of the Tehran Stock Exchange funds and the Tehran Stock Exchange index during the period of 2013 to December 2019, using the information of the 10 largest active mutual funds establi MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the net cash flows of the Tehran Stock Exchange funds and the Tehran Stock Exchange index during the period of 2013 to December 2019, using the information of the 10 largest active mutual funds established and active in the Tehran Stock Exchange during this period. .In this study, an index of net cash flows into mutual funds daily and cumulatively is considered as a measure of cash flow compared to the TSE Index (TEDPIX). The results of this test indicate that the two indices are coherent in series and their relationships are significant in the long run. Also, the Granger causality test was used to examine the interrelationships between these two indices.The results of this test showed that there is an interaction between the two indices. This means that in the long run, both indices affect each other so net cash inflows to the funds can be a measure for predicting the overall indices trend but with Attention to the behavioral errors identified in similar articles.for predicting the index cannot be relied solely on net cash inflows into the funds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
418 - Stock price prediction using artificial neural networks on lowest price range data
Bahman Ashrafijoo Nasser Fegh-hi Farahmand yagoub Alavi matin Kamaleddin RahmaniToday, one of the most important challenges in the capital market is stock price prediction. Stock price data represents a financial time series whose trend is very difficult to predict due to its characteristics and dynamic nature. One of the most recent methods used i MoreToday, one of the most important challenges in the capital market is stock price prediction. Stock price data represents a financial time series whose trend is very difficult to predict due to its characteristics and dynamic nature. One of the most recent methods used in predicting financial time series is ANN with back propagation of error. In this article, artificial neural networks based on three different Levenberg-Marquardt learning algorithms, scaled conjugate gradient and Bayesian regularization were used to predict the stock market based on the data of the lowest price range as well as the 30-minute data of the stock market index and compared their results together. We compare. All three algorithms provide a 99.9% estimate using the lowest price range data. But when using 30-minute data, the estimation accuracy decreases to 96.2%, 97.0%, and 98.9% for Levenberg-Marquarat algorithm, scaled conjugate gradient, and Bayesian regularization, respectively, which compares with the results Obtained by using the data of the lowest price range, the accuracy of the prediction is significantly reduced. Finally, the optimal neural network is compared with the regression method to determine that the results of the ANN in complex nonlinear time series are more efficient than linear methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
419 - Volatility Spillover between Oil Price, Exchange Rates, Gold Price and Stock Market Indexes with Structural Breaks
elaheh sefidbakht Mohammad Hossein RanjbarVolatility spillovers among financial indices, indicates the process is the transfer of information between markets. Given that financial markets are connected, Ayjad information in one market can affect other markets. In the meantime, modeling the volatility of returns MoreVolatility spillovers among financial indices, indicates the process is the transfer of information between markets. Given that financial markets are connected, Ayjad information in one market can affect other markets. In the meantime, modeling the volatility of returns in different markets and communicate with each other from the perspective of these markets Supplier Institute academics and financial area, to be used in the prediction, the matter of It results in. In this study, the tiny fluctuations in oil markets, currencies, gold and stock model BEKK bivariate GARCH, without the use of structural failure and also with regard to the use of the algorithm ICSS and model VAR, tested and the relationship between them through Granger causality test was carried out. The results show that if the calculation of structural failure in the equation disregard, changes in exchange rates on the price of oil does not have the price of gold and stock index has a significant effect, in this case oil price changes on any of the variables studied has no effect. On the other hand, gold price changes can affect stock index and stock changes can also affect the exchange rate. But when the failure of structural equations is used will be different results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
420 - Impact of Asymmetric information for Rising Magnet Effect on Price Limit at Tehran Stock Exchange
M. Feyz Fallah Shams Marziyeh EskandariIn many of the world’s stock exchanges, legislators specify price limits in order to reduce market volatility and reduce investors’ loss as a result of emotional decisions. One of the disadvantages of such an action is magnet effect of price limits, leading MoreIn many of the world’s stock exchanges, legislators specify price limits in order to reduce market volatility and reduce investors’ loss as a result of emotional decisions. One of the disadvantages of such an action is magnet effect of price limits, leading to a behavioral bias. In this study, the effects of information asymmetry on the presence of magnet effect of price limits were examined with regard to daily data obtained from 25 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during 2013-2015. First, the presence or absence of magnet effects in stock prices of these companies was examined using conditional volatility models. Then, the effect of information asymmetry on the presence of magnet effect was studied using the logit regression model. The study results revealed that the magnet effect of price limits exists in the studied companies and there was a significant relationship between information asymmetry and magnet effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
421 - Examining the overflow of financial stress index fluctuations on inflation, interest rate, liquidity and industry index using GARCH-BEKK and VAR models and Granger causality
Rohollah Rezazadeh Mirfeiz FalahDuring financial stress, the impact of financial stress shocks on economic activity may differ from what is usually observed at normal times. Therefore, it is appropriate to consider the effects of financial stress on economic activity and inflation during the period of MoreDuring financial stress, the impact of financial stress shocks on economic activity may differ from what is usually observed at normal times. Therefore, it is appropriate to consider the effects of financial stress on economic activity and inflation during the period of financial instability. In this paper, hence, the effect of the deterioration of financial conditions of the Iranian economy on macroeconomic variables between 2012 and 2017 has been investigated. For this purpose, in this research, we intend to study the impact of the fluctuations of the financial stress index on inflation, interest rates, liquidity, and industry index by developing the financial stress index using representatives from different markets. Therefore, using the GARCH two-variable BEKK model and also the VAR model, the effects of shocks and fluctuations between them were tested and then the relationship between them was investigated by Granger's causality test. The results indicate that there is a two-way relationship between the financial stress index and inflation, interest rate, and liquidity, but in examining the causality between the financial stress index and the industry index, the results of the causality test indicate that the industry index itself, in the long run, triggers changes in the financial stress index, but the financial stress index has no effect on the industry index. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
422 - Developing Asset Correlation Risk Model (ACR) with Asset- Liability Management (ALM) Approach with using of VECM model
Mahdi Hemmati Asiabaraki Mohammadhasan Gholizadeh Seyed Mozafar MirbargkarBanks, as levers in macroeconomic policies, by regulating and adjusting the bank's interest rates, enforce monetary policies and controls inflation and unemployment, which is one of the most important macroeconomic goals. One of these tools is asset-debt management. The MoreBanks, as levers in macroeconomic policies, by regulating and adjusting the bank's interest rates, enforce monetary policies and controls inflation and unemployment, which is one of the most important macroeconomic goals. One of these tools is asset-debt management. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to develop the Asset Correlation Risk Model (ACR) with the Asset- Liability Management approach (ALM). This research is descriptive in nature and in terms of its purpose. The statistical population of the research is the companies accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange and the sample of the banks accepted in this collection, which can be extracted from the research data. The research period is from 1391 to 1396, with 20 banks selected as research samples. This research has a theoretical model and a vector error correction model was used to test the hypotheses. According to the t-statistic and the coefficient of estimation of the VECM model, it is determined that the effect of using the debt-asset management approach on the asset-liability correlation risk in a long-term equilibrium is decreasing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
423 - The Role of the Construction of Urban Water Supply Network in Tehran on the Spatial Layout of Residential Areas (By Reviewing Some Case Studies)
Morteza MirzahosseiniWater supply in the geographical area of Tehran, as the capital of Iran, until the late Pahlavi era and for many years, was provided through traditional and simple methods. People used canal water from streams and underground rivers to meet their basic needs such as was MoreWater supply in the geographical area of Tehran, as the capital of Iran, until the late Pahlavi era and for many years, was provided through traditional and simple methods. People used canal water from streams and underground rivers to meet their basic needs such as washing and cleaning. Additionally, the water needed for the storage tanks and most of the household basins was supplied through canals. In houses, spaces such as kitchens, toilets, and bathhouses were usually located in the yard and separate from the living space, and the required water for them was mainly provided from storage tanks for the kitchen or the basin for the toilet. The high number of damages and the occurrence of various diseases such as typhoid, baldness, and intestinal swelling caused by consuming contaminated water and not observing hygiene, prompted the Iranian government to consider piping for providing drinking water to the people. Therefore, the main question of this research is how much piping and water supply through a specific route (pipeline system) has played a role in the spatial arrangement in residential architecture. The aim of this study is also to examine and investigate the first water supply system in Tehran through piping and its impact on the formation of residential architecture. The research is qualitative and uses a mixed method of interpretive historical research and descriptive-analytical method. The research results show that one of the significant factors in changing the spatial arrangement of residential architecture in Tehran was the construction of the pipeline network and the transfer of water into homes. The transformation of the spatial structure of houses from two-part to one-part, consisting of 60% building and 40% courtyard, is considered one of the most important results of constructing a pipeline network for Tehran. Also, as a result of the construction of the pipeline network, wet spaces such as kitchens were relocated closer to the entrance to use the main branch of the water supply, providing a basis for women's presence in the public space of the house. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
424 - Impact of Educational Environments Based on Classroom Arrangement in Student Learning (Case Study : Non-Governmental Hadaf School)
Yasaman Jaberi Hossein Soltanzadeh Shervin MirshahzadehEducational spaces are one of the areas of environmental architecture that play a major role in a society. Class room environmental is similar to the theater scene, which shuld be designed from a private perspective by displaying student s' talents and improving their l MoreEducational spaces are one of the areas of environmental architecture that play a major role in a society. Class room environmental is similar to the theater scene, which shuld be designed from a private perspective by displaying student s' talents and improving their learning. The importance of the issue is that the type of seat arrangement can have a tangible impact on the quality of instruction. The theoretical foundations are based on the fact that students' attention can play an important role on learning. The purpose was to investigate the relationship between chairs arrangement in classes and their positive impact on learning with its approaches and consequences. the correlation research method, course analysis, descriptive statistics analysis and Frequency ratio were used to examine the effect of layout. The tested groups are 64 students of Hadaf school in Miandoab in three levels. At the end of the half - year, the results of the tests and data analysis was done by Spss Software. Therefore, to enhance students ' learning , three types of layouts such as alignment for the courses (Arabic, mathematics, literature), Cluster for (Science, Technology, Art) and U-shaped for (Social Studies, Foreign Language, Heavenly Messages, Lifestyle, Quran) is concluded. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
425 - m-Projections involving Minkowski inverse and range symmetric property in Minkowski space
M. Saleem Lone D. Krishnaswamy -
Open Access Article
426 - On the duality of quadratic minimization problems using pseudo inverses
D. Pappas G. Domazakis -
Open Access Article
427 - Characterization of matrices using m-projectors and singular value decomposition in Minkowski space
M. S. Lone T. H. Khan -
Open Access Article
428 - The solutions to some operator equations in Hilbert $C^*$-module
M. Mohammadzadeh Karizaki M. Hassani -
Open Access Article
429 - Numerical solution of functional integral equations by using B-splines
R. Firouzdor A. Heidarnejad Khoob Z. Mollaramezani -
Open Access Article
430 - Higher rank numerical ranges of rectangular matrix polynomials
Gh. Aghamollaei M. Zahraei -
Open Access Article
431 - MEAN VALUE INTERPOLATION ON SPHERES
Kh. Rahsepar Fard -
Open Access Article
432 - THE APPLICATION OF THE VARIATIONAL HOMOTOPY PERTURBATION METHOD ON THE GENERALIZED FISHER'S EQUATION
M. Matinfar M. Mahdavi -
Open Access Article
433 - Studying the effect of white saxaul (Haloxylon persicum) and fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canesces) plantation on soil physico-chemical properties in rangelands of Mallard-Zarandiyeh
Abbas Ahmadi Hamid Toranjzar Masoud Gomarian Sohrab PagnamehHaloxylon sp. and Atriplex sp. are among aridity and salt tolerant species which have been planted extensively in practices of combat desertification and arid and semi-arid rangelands reclamation, in recent decades. This study was performed in order to assessment of sax MoreHaloxylon sp. and Atriplex sp. are among aridity and salt tolerant species which have been planted extensively in practices of combat desertification and arid and semi-arid rangelands reclamation, in recent decades. This study was performed in order to assessment of saxaul and saltbush planting on soil properties in a part of desert rangelands of Mallard Zarandiyeh. Three sites included: control (natural rangeland), Atriplex canescens plantation and Haloxylon persicum plantation types with an area of five hectares for each of them. In each area, 20 plots along six 500 meters transects were located by randomized-sysematic methods for sampling. Soil samples were collected from two depth (0-30 and 30-60 cm) in control and treatment areas (Atriplex and Haloxylon planting) and Soil samples were physically and chemically analyzed in the laboratory for some variables such as: texture, EC, pH, organic carbon, Caco3, P, CA, Mg, N, K, Cl, Na and HCO3-. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. The results showed that except for acidity and silt (%), there were significant differences between Control area and treated areas (planted sites with Atriplex and Haloxylon) in soil variables. Also, Haloxylon pesicum has been caused the salinization and alkalization and calcification of surface soil, more than Atriplex canesces; but regarding to more adaptation, white saxaul seems to be more suitable plant to reclamation of such arid rangelands, as a native species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
434 - Investigation of the biomass changes of two species Bromus tomentellus and Festuca ovina (Case study: Alamout mountain rangelands-Ghazvin)
S. Rashvand حسن یگانهWithout knowing the characteristics and amount of forage plants in a rangeland during the grazing period, planning and management, and livestock grazing is not possible. So changes the production and consumption of important grasses was measured in the semi-steppe range MoreWithout knowing the characteristics and amount of forage plants in a rangeland during the grazing period, planning and management, and livestock grazing is not possible. So changes the production and consumption of important grasses was measured in the semi-steppe rangelands of Alamout mountain rangelands-Ghazvin. Every year the same number in the enclosure base and base outside the enclosure of the same species Bromus tomentellus Boiss. And Festuca ovina L. was chosen to investigate changes in production and consumption. In each month of the season forage production and consumption, 5 Base of each species harvested and transported to the laboratory separation in separate envelopes after air drying, dry weight difference inside and outside the enclosure, the calculation of forage produced and consumed at the site. Data from 1386 to 1389 (for four years), the combined analysis of variance was used in a completely randomized design. Analysis of variance results showed that the studied species the significant differences between years and months inventory is considered in terms of forage production and consumption of the species there. The consumption compared to the same species and time to peak strain it was also same between the months of operation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
435 - Study of the Heavy Metals Amounts in the Soils and Crops around the Region of Shahr-e-Kord
Mehrab YadegariTo study of the amounts of heavy metals in Shahr-e-Kord industrial town, the experiment was conducted during 2014 and 2015. Although in most cases plants which grow in agricultural soils including heavy metals, they keep more metals in their tissues. However, the main o MoreTo study of the amounts of heavy metals in Shahr-e-Kord industrial town, the experiment was conducted during 2014 and 2015. Although in most cases plants which grow in agricultural soils including heavy metals, they keep more metals in their tissues. However, the main objective of implementing and investigating this research was to clarify the amount of absorption of heavy metals such as Nickel (Ni), Plumb (Pb), Chromium (Cr) and Cadmium (Cd) in agronomy crops inclusive: Wheat (Triticum aestivum), Canola (Brassica napus), Sojak (Scariola orientalis), Tragacanth (Astragalus sp) surroundings of Shahr-e-Kord industrial industrial-town. Therefore after the accomplishment of the required studies (climatic and edaphic), sample stations have been accidentally chosen at the distance of 100, 300, 600, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 5000 meters from the North, South, East and West of research area. Sampling of aerial, land construction and soils existed in this region has been done. There was a significant difference between amount of heavy metals in Range plants and Agronomy plants. Analyzing the soils from sample stations indicated that the maximum concentration existed among metals regularly related to Ni (1926 µg/Kg), Cd (504 µg/Kg), Pb (122 µg/Kg) & Cr (78 µg/Kg). However the concentration of heavy metals especially Cd and Ni was leaser than global standard but had high density in this region, therefore to decrease of pollution must contemplate for planting of Tragacanth and Sojak plants as range plants that accumulate of heavy metals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
436 - Investigation on forage quality changes of Gymnocarpus decander in different phenological stages in Hormozgan province (Case Study: Rudan)
Mohammad Amin Naseri Bazyari Mohammad Pichand Kian Najafi-Tireh-ShabankarehDetermining the forage quality is one of the main factors required for proper, systematic and comprehensive management of rangelands. This research carried out to investigate forage quality of Gymnocarpus decander in the region of Rudan, at three phenological stages (ve MoreDetermining the forage quality is one of the main factors required for proper, systematic and comprehensive management of rangelands. This research carried out to investigate forage quality of Gymnocarpus decander in the region of Rudan, at three phenological stages (vegetative, flowering and seed ripening). At each stage, 3 replications and in each replication 3 plants selected randomly, and sampled from the aerial shoots. Then, samples were analyzed to determine the quality traits including crude protein (CP), Acid detergent fiber (ADF), Natural detergent fiber (NDF), dry matter digestibility (DMD), metabolic energy (ME), water soluble carbohydrate (WSC), Ash Stands, Ether Extract (EE) phosphorus (P) and Calcium (Ca). The data were analyzed with SPSS statistical software and mean comparisons were performed using Duncan's multiple range test. The Results showed that the forage quality in this species decreased with growth stages increasing. crude protein was the lowest in seeding stage and there was significant between vegetative growth and flowering stages. Metabolizable energy in flowering stage were more than both other stages. Vegetative growth and flowering stages has more quality than seeding stage and forage quality in seeding stage the best time of grazing be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
437 - An investigation on ecological characteristics of Ephedra major in Bojnourd Rangelands
Ali mohammad Asaadi Asghar Khoshnod yazdiThe aim of this research is to assess the ecological needs of Ephedra major as a medicinal and forage species and important for soil and water conservation in Rangelands of Bojnourd. In the site, the studies were done climatically characteristic, geology, stand type, co MoreThe aim of this research is to assess the ecological needs of Ephedra major as a medicinal and forage species and important for soil and water conservation in Rangelands of Bojnourd. In the site, the studies were done climatically characteristic, geology, stand type, co-dominant plant and vegetable variation, Estimating biomass, physical and chemical analyses of the soil. The results indicated that Ephedra major could be adapted for regions with semiarid- cold climate to altitude climate, annual rainfall average of 332.9 mm and annual temperature average of 9.82 c. Ephedra major have dispersed in north, south, east and west slope and altitude 1400- 2520 m of sea level in mountainous areas. The Soils physical and chemical analyses showed that the soil is very shallow with sandy-loom texture, Ph= 7.75, Ec= 55.88 µs/cm and lime. The stand type was Artemisia aucheri- Festuca ovina and the co-dominant plants were over 86 species. Average of canopy covers and density were 2.16 and 346 shrubs in hectare respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the variables of precipitation, saturation moisture percentage, pH, potassium, calcium and sand had significant correlations with the first axis and explained the 49.84% variation. For the second component, the percentage of organic matter and nitrogen were more important traits and explained the 27.94% variation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
438 - Nutritional value of two plant species containing Salvia hydrangea and Sophora alopecuroides in two phenological stages
Mohsen Kazemi Reza ValizadehNowadays, the nutritional dimensions of some range and mountain plants for livestock are somewhat unclear, while awareness of the nutritional value of these plants can help the animal husbandries to provide an ideal diet. Hence, some chemical compounds, minerals, gas pr MoreNowadays, the nutritional dimensions of some range and mountain plants for livestock are somewhat unclear, while awareness of the nutritional value of these plants can help the animal husbandries to provide an ideal diet. Hence, some chemical compounds, minerals, gas production parameters and other fermentation parameters of two plant species (including Salvia hydrangea and Sophora alopecuroides) growable in rangelands of Torbat-e Jam (spring 2018) were determined in two phenological growth stages (vegetative and flowering) and then they were compared in a completely randomized design using SAS software. Different chemical and mineral compounds were observed between the two plants and their two different growth stages. The highest amount of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber (42.40 and 30.60%, respectively) and acid detergent lignin (11.88%) were related to Sophora alopecuroides in flowering phase and the highest amount of phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium was observed in the vegetative phase. Gas production parameters and other fermentation parameters were also different between two plants, so that the highest amount of gas production after 12, 24 and 48 h incubation (40.76, 51.25, 53.98 ml), potential gas production (57.19 ml), organic matter and dry matter digestibility (65.90 and 69.30%, respectively), metabolizable energy (9.29 MJ/kg DM), net energy for lactation (5.54 MJ/kg DM), and total volatile fatty acids (56.85 mmol/L) were observed in vegetative stage of Salvia hydrangea. Both two studied plants, especially in the vegetative stage, have a fairly good nutritional value, but according to the laboratory results, Salvia hydrangea seems to have a higher nutritional potential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
439 - Investigating the monitoring and changes of plant indices in the semi-steppe rangelands of Khalil Beyg Arsanjan, Fars
seyed mohammad reza habibian alireza eftekhari mortaza khodagholi nadiya kamalirangeland monitoring is necessary in the sense of continuous investigation of these lands, considering the ecological importance, economic functions and constant changes of these resources. Based on this, monitoring of Khalil Beyg rangelands in Arsanjan city was done fo Morerangeland monitoring is necessary in the sense of continuous investigation of these lands, considering the ecological importance, economic functions and constant changes of these resources. Based on this, monitoring of Khalil Beyg rangelands in Arsanjan city was done for 2 years (2020 and 2021). The evaluated plant indices included the percentage of canopy cover of plant species, production rate of plant species, percentage of litter, stones and pebbles, bare soil, rangeland condition and trend. The results showed that the percentage of plant canopy cover ranged from 10.98% in 2020 to 15.5% in 2021 and the amount of production varied from 350.208 to 566.306 kg of dry matter per hectare. The range condition of the poor state has been investigated in two years and its trend was negative. Based on the results of the comparisons made using the independent t test, most of the plant canopy cover indices (vegetative forms and different palatable classes) and production indices (vegetative forms and different palatable classes) between the two The year of the survey period (2020 represents a wet year and 2021 represents a dry year) had a significant difference at the level of 1 and 5%. The results of Pearson's correlation test also showed that the amount of fall and winter precipitation, annual precipitation, average minimum temperature and average annual temperature had the highest correlation in the canopy cover and total production of plants in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
440 - An investigation on ecological properties and range seeding of Thymus trautvetteri Klokov as a medicinal species (Case study: Rangeland of Godali Salakh area in Bojnourd)
Ali mohammad AsaadiThymus trautvetteri, belonging to Lamiaceae family, is one of the most important medicinal plant in Iran. It has many uses in food, health care, cosmetics and especially in pharmaceutical industries. In order, this plant ecological characteristic for introduce and dense MoreThymus trautvetteri, belonging to Lamiaceae family, is one of the most important medicinal plant in Iran. It has many uses in food, health care, cosmetics and especially in pharmaceutical industries. In order, this plant ecological characteristic for introduce and dense cultivation on dryland artificial revegetation. This study was executed in rangeland and dryland artificial revegetation from 2018 to 2021 in Bojnourd. In this habitat, different parameters such as climate characters, physical and chemical analysis of the soil were determined. Phenological stages and some plant characteristics such as product, density, canopy cover, plant height and root system were studied. The results indicated that this plant could be adapted for regions with annual rainfall average of 295 mm, annual temperature average of 11.28 c and semiarid- cold climate. The most habitats of Thymus trautvetteri have dispersed in North Slope directions and altitude 1200- 1900 m of sea level in mountainous areas. The soil texture of habitat is mainly sandy loam with the pH=7.8, EC=1.0 ds/m, OC= 2.0% and 27.3% lime. In the site and dryland artificial revegetation, Average of canopy covers and production were 9.29, 61.6% and 227.7, 2465.4 kg in hectare respectively. The results of Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that among environmental factors, sand, silt, organic matter, EC, gravel and Nitrogen had significant correlations with the first set of factors and explained the 28.8% of variation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
441 - Studying the spatial relationship between soil properties and wheat yield in the conditions of interference with weeds using geostatistical method
Abbas Nasiri Dehsorkhi Ahmad Ghanbari Hassan Makarian Mohammad Reza AsgharipourThe aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between physical and chemical properties of soil and wheat yield in the conditions of competition with weeds in Isfahan weather conditions. In the crop year 2019-2020, a field experiment was conducted in the f MoreThe aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between physical and chemical properties of soil and wheat yield in the conditions of competition with weeds in Isfahan weather conditions. In the crop year 2019-2020, a field experiment was conducted in the form of a grid system with a distance of 2 x 2 meters. At each grid point, soil characteristics, wheat grain yield and Chenopodium album density were measured. The results showed that soil characteristics, weed density, and wheat yield at the field were not uniformly or randomly distributed, but had patchy or cumulative distribution. The results showed that Chenopodium album had a moderate spatial correlation with soil sand and EC content and a strong spatial correlation with soil potassium, while this weed was found in soils with low amount of phosphorus, clay, silt and pH. The cross-semi-variogram showed that the grain yield has a strong spatial correlation with phosphorus, potassium, pH, and clay traits at the rates of 85.8, 80.0, 80.3, and 80.9, respectively were in the range of 2.9, 3.6, 4.0 and 2.8 meters. The areas where the wheat yield was lower were often in accordance with the areas where the sand and EC content of the soil were the highest. In total, the results indicated that the grain yield of wheat at the field changed from one place to another, or in other words, it had a patchy distribution that these changes are affected by soil and weed characteristics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
442 - Sensitive and spectrophotometric methods for the determination of Azathioprine in tablets using indigo carmine and methyl orange
Smita Sharma Mukesh Sharma -
Open Access Article
443 - Degradation of some dyes using nanosized CeCuO3 photocatalyst: synthesis and characterization
Indu Bhati Anil Kumar Suresh C. Ameta -
Open Access Article
444 - Investigating the role of collaborative management on effectiveness rate of managers in Foresty, Range and Watershed Organization general specification’s point of view
M. Amini S. M. MirdamadiThis study was done in descriptive, surveying and correlative method. The investigated population was 371 general specialists of Forestry, Range and Watershed Organization. Sample volume has been determined by Kookran formula. Relative simple random sampling method has MoreThis study was done in descriptive, surveying and correlative method. The investigated population was 371 general specialists of Forestry, Range and Watershed Organization. Sample volume has been determined by Kookran formula. Relative simple random sampling method has been used in this research. Library-imputative and field study as two common methods have been used in order for collecting data. Content and face validity of the questionnaire were established by faculty members and specialists in the field of agricultural extension and development. Approving of questionnaire was done by using Kernbach Alpha Index. It was calculated as 0.93 for questions related to collaborative management and 0.91 for questions related to effectiveness of managers` organizational behavior. Study of correlation index among the variant of the study have shown that the relation among collaborative management variant and following was positive, organizational behavior effectiveness variant, increase in profession skills, rapid accomplishment of organization goals, increase in the quantity and quality of activities, creating professional knowledge among experts improvement in occupational attitude of experts, creating innovation in experts, flexibility, human relationships and creating occupational groups. Results of progressive methods implies the following variants have a positive effect on managers` organizational behavior effectiveness, creating ways in order for experts’ active attendance in meetings, managers acceptance of experts` viewpoints in evaluation of staff, holding meetings with experts which is done by manager, manager’s attempt in problem solving by means of group activities and manager’s emphasis on group performance in evaluation and supervision of staff. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
445 - A Study of the effect of plant arrangement on the yield and its components of potato cultivar (Lady Rosita and Agria) in Arak
Shahab Khaghani mohamad ali Moshayedi Shohre Khaghani sepideh Rahmati fatemeh Rajaei To study of plant arrangement effect on yield and its components in two cultivars, Agria and Lady Rosita, an experiment was done in Arak Islamic Azad University in 2007. In this study factorial experimented design based on RCBD was used. More To study of plant arrangement effect on yield and its components in two cultivars, Agria and Lady Rosita, an experiment was done in Arak Islamic Azad University in 2007. In this study factorial experimented design based on RCBD was used. Factors were considered as cultivation method in 3 levels ( one rowed with 60 cm width furrow, two rowed with 120 cm with furrow and one rowed with 75 cm width furrow, as ordinary cultivation) and two cultivars of potato (Agria and Lady Rosita) with 3 replications. The result showed that the arrangement of cultivation and cultivar have significant effect on the small glands seed glands average weight and the small glands numbers and edible glands numbers and marketable yield and total yield. The cultivar and arrangement effect on components yield and total yield and marketable yield in surface unit was signification, but in single bush yield the distance between rows that is, Lady Rosita cultivar in 60 cm one rowed arrangement with density of 6.6 bushes in m2 , produced that highest amount of edible glands and seed glands, In Agria cultivar, offer the decreasing distance between rows and increasing that density from 5.3 to 6.6 bush/m2, the highest amount of small glands with the lowest weight in bush was produced, but there was no significant difference in single bush yield. Due to the results of this study, cultivar Lady Rosita with arrangement of 60 cm one rowed (by 6.6 bushes /m2) is suggested for Arak region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
446 - The planting pattern effects on yield and yield components of tropical beans genotypes at Jiroft in Iran
Hamid Madani Mahbubeh Salari Mohamad hasan ShirzadiTo evaluate The planting pattern effects on phonological characteristics yield and yield components of tropical beans genotypesexperiment was conducted in Jiroft Islamic Azad University research farm during 2009. The experiment used in split plot design based on RCBD wi MoreTo evaluate The planting pattern effects on phonological characteristics yield and yield components of tropical beans genotypesexperiment was conducted in Jiroft Islamic Azad University research farm during 2009. The experiment used in split plot design based on RCBD with four replications. Plant arrangements were considered in three levels as one row on the stack with a distance between a plant 10 cm, two rows on the stack with a distance between plants 20cm and three rows on the stack with a distance between plants 30cm, as the main plot and genotypes at three levels (cowpea, cream tepary bean and black tepary bean) as sub plot were studied. Characteristics such as grain yield, straw yield, the number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, and average pod length, plant height, seed weight, and harvest index, number of seeds per plant, biological yield, and changes in dry weight were studied. The trait of black tepary bean with planting arrangement of three rows on the stack with a distance between plants 30cm with the maximum number of pods per plant (20.90) and maximum number of seeds per plant(266.5) and maximum harvest index (46.55%) to black tepary bean with planting arrangement of two rows on the stack with a distance between plants 20cm. Genotypes that studied of the number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, average pod length, seed weight and, number of seeds per plant in the 1% probability level were significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
447 - Removal of Blue 56 by Orange Peel from the Waste Water
M. R. Fat’hi A. Zolfi -
Open Access Article
448 - Evaluation of Control of Substances Hazard to Health (COSHH) Essentials Model by Measuring Occupational Exposure in a Chemical Production Industry
Masoomeh Vahabi Shekarloo Seyed Mohammad Sadat Zahra Moradpour Rezvan ZendehdelControl of Substances Hazard to Health (COSHH) Essentials is a simple, user-friendly matrix that provides risk-control solutions. Considering a large number of small enterprises under 25 workers in Iran and the lack of a suitable control banding tool, the COSHH Essentia MoreControl of Substances Hazard to Health (COSHH) Essentials is a simple, user-friendly matrix that provides risk-control solutions. Considering a large number of small enterprises under 25 workers in Iran and the lack of a suitable control banding tool, the COSHH Essentials can be considered an appropriate option. The purpose of the present experimental semi qualitative study was to evaluate the validity of the COSHH Essentials tool. Six processes were selected from a chemical products industry, including the production of silicone glue, polishing, PVC glue, Grease, Twin glue filling, and quality control. Amorphous silica and toluene concentrations were monitored using NIOSH 0600 and NIOSH 1501 in the ambient air of operators. The predicted exposure range (PER) was obtained by combining the control strategies available at the sampling time with exposure predictor (EP) bands in the COSHH Essentials, then compared to silica and toluene concentrations in the air.All exposure data were within the PER for amorphous silica dust and lower or within the PER for toluene. Compared to the acceptable concentration range in hazard bands, the threshold limit value (TLV) for respirable dust is within the acceptable concentration range, while toluene TLV exceeded it. COSHH Essentials is a conservative and safe tool, especially in liquids. Due to its simplicity, employers and health center experts can use the COSHH tool successfully for small enterprises or as a screening tool before a comprehensive risk assessment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
449 - Preparation of Magnetic Nano Composite Modified with Orange Peel for Adsorption of Vitamin B5 from Aqueous Solution
Seyyedeh Ghazaleh Hashemipour Zavareh Fariba Tadayon Ruhollah Karami OsbooOne of the most important vitamins for human life is pantothenic acid (B5), because of its advantages such as production of blood cells, adrenal gland activity, stress management and energy production. The presence of this vitamin is important for plant growth and food MoreOne of the most important vitamins for human life is pantothenic acid (B5), because of its advantages such as production of blood cells, adrenal gland activity, stress management and energy production. The presence of this vitamin is important for plant growth and food production, because of its adsorption and determination were studied more than before. Magnetic Nano adsorbent has been attracted great attention in the field of separation due to the simplicity, low cost and high speed. In this paper, the magnetic Nano composite modified with orange peel for adsorption efficiency of vitamin B5 from aqueous solution was synthesized. The Nano adsorbent structure was characterized using SEM-EDX, FTIR and XRD. The influence of adsorption parameters including pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage and initial concentration of B5 onto Nano adsorbent were evaluated. The best sorption of B5 via the Nano sorbent occurred at concentration of 300 mg L-1, 0.1 g of Nano adsorbent, 90 min of contact time at an optimum pH of 6. The Langmuir isotherm model (R2= 0.9899) was found to be fit with the isotherms data. The best kinetic model fit for adsorption of B5 from Nano adsorbent was found with the pseudo-first-order model (R2=0.9999). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
450 - A Comparative Study of the Novel " The Smell of Gunpowder and Scent of Orange " and " The Memories of the Body " Based on Jacques Lacan's Theory
Faezeh Arab Yussef Abadi Tayyebeh Koochek Zehi Sorayya Issa ZaeeAbstract The novels: The Smell of Gunpowder and Scent of Orange by Reza Kazemi and The Memories of Body by Ahlam Mostagnami, although incongruous in form, are fundamentally interrelated, as evinced in shares views of bot MoreAbstract The novels: The Smell of Gunpowder and Scent of Orange by Reza Kazemi and The Memories of Body by Ahlam Mostagnami, although incongruous in form, are fundamentally interrelated, as evinced in shares views of both authors in mixing love and saga. The aim of this research is to draw a comparison between these two works in an attempt to portray the unity of contemporary human demands and the consistency of life issues in the present era. To this purpose, a descriptive analytical method along with library method have been adopted. The objective of the present research is to explore the main characters of these two novels from a psychoanalytical perspective based on American school of comparative literature and Jacqueline Lacan's three psychoanalytic orders. The results suggest that the process of emotional development of the main character in both works follows three stages. The imaginary stage starts in the pre-war era, which is manifested in the form of love for mother and maternal archetype of the motherland that are interwoven. Following the war and martyrdom of the loved ones, they are brought into symbolic stage. In adulthood, these issues arouse a feeling of loss and endless desire, which is partially healed by displaying love to a woman. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
451 - Comparative Study of joint Aspects of hijab ( Islamic coverage ) and the Obstacles of attaining it in Ibn Farez taiyeh ( lines ending in T ) and the Arrangements of Aynolghozat Hamadani
Sakineh Talebzadeh Seyyed Fazlollah Mir GhaderThe Egyptian Ibn Farez and Aynolghozat Hamadani are the two eminent gnostics of Arab and Iran literature whose speculations and thoughts have appealed many of the researchers and thinkers. Much have been told about these mystic themes and ideas. One of the key factors i MoreThe Egyptian Ibn Farez and Aynolghozat Hamadani are the two eminent gnostics of Arab and Iran literature whose speculations and thoughts have appealed many of the researchers and thinkers. Much have been told about these mystic themes and ideas. One of the key factors is hijab and the obstacles of its attaining which has extensive reflection in many Persian prose and verse texts. We have talked about the reflection of it in Ibne Farez’s ode and arrangements of Aynolghozat and followed the view points of these well-known mystics. The findings of the essay show that both mystics had special attention to hijab and the obstacles of attaining it. The most significant of above-mentioned matters are: abstract life and existence, selfishness and conceit, religious and corporal preoccupation, heart desire and longing, dependencies, love’s hijab, self and desire’s hijab. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
452 - The Effects of Eight Weeks of TRX Exercises on Range of Motion and uneven shoulder in Beach Volleyball Players
Saeid Rostami Bijan Rajaeian Mehrnoosh Esmaeilian Faezeh RahmaniBackground: Shoulder joint injuries are common among athletes performing overhead movements, and studies have shown that repetitive small impacts during throwing motions lead to chronic negative adaptations in the soft tissues of the shoulder joint. Therefore, the prese MoreBackground: Shoulder joint injuries are common among athletes performing overhead movements, and studies have shown that repetitive small impacts during throwing motions lead to chronic negative adaptations in the soft tissues of the shoulder joint. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of an 8-week TRX exercise program on the range of motion and degree of shoulder imbalance in beach volleyball players.Methods: The study included 30 female beach volleyball players. After collecting demographic information, the participants were divided into control and experimental groups. Range of motion and degree of uneven shoilderwere measured using a goniometer and scoliometer. Following the 8-week exercise program, the same tests were conducted on both groups, and the data were recorded. In the statistical analysis, paired t-tests and independent t-tests were used to test the hypotheses after confirming the normal distribution of the data.Results: The results showed a significant difference between pre-test and post-test measurements in the experimental group following the 8-week TRX exercise program, while no significant difference was observed between pre-test and post-test measurements in the control group. Additionally, the results of the independent t-test indicated a significant difference between post-test measurements of the experimental group and the control group.Conclusion: Considering the effects of the TRX exercise protocol on the range of motion and uneven shoilderin female beach volleyball players, it is recommended for coaches and athletes in the beach volleyball field to incorporate TRX exercise protocols, specifically targeting the prevention of muscle injuries and addressing irregularities such as shoulder imbalances Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
453 - Determination of metabolizable energy and daily requirement of forage dry matter in maintenance condition for grazing sheep in siah palas rangeland (Study: Lar National Park)
Hadi Mansouri khah Mohammad Chamani Naser Karimi Ghobad Asgari Jafarabadi Kazem KarimiBeing aware of the animals` food requirement, the amount of available forage in the rangeland and forage quality is necessary as the first step in successful management of animals and rangeland. in this study, Animal unit weight equivalent, maintenance metabolizable ene MoreBeing aware of the animals` food requirement, the amount of available forage in the rangeland and forage quality is necessary as the first step in successful management of animals and rangeland. in this study, Animal unit weight equivalent, maintenance metabolizable energy and daily requirement of grazing sheep were studied. Therefore, determining the weight of various animals` classes grazing in the rangeland and their conversion factor regarding country`s animal unit is an essential issue. In this research, to determine the weight of various classes of Zandi sheep grazing in the Lar National Park rangelands of Siah Palas region in position 35 degrees and 54 minutes north latitude and 32 degrees and 52 minutes east longitude, three prevalent flocks of Zandi race were selected randomly and from each flock, 60 heads of animals including 20 heads of ewe ageing 3 years old, 20 heads of ewe aging 4 years old, 5 heads of ram aging 3 years old, 5 heads of ram aging 4 years old and 10 heads of lamb aging 3 months were signed and selected in two phases, one at the beginning of the season and the other at the end of season. Having utilized the mean weight of ewes aging 3 and 4 years, the weight of the sheep glazing in the studied region was estimated to be equal to 1.59±49.96 kg. Various kinds of forage being glazed by the sheep were identified and collected in this rangeland at the flowering stage on 05/06/2019. The mean percentage of CP, ADF, DMD and ME in every kg of dry forage for 41 plant samples equaled to 4.77±11.18, 39.19±7.89, 56.11±7.83, 7.58±1.26 mega joule, respectively. Daily metabolizable energy for maintenance condition of animal unit equation of this rangeland for 120 ewes, equaled to 10.54 ± 0.35 mega joule in a day and its daily need was estimated to be 1.38±0.04 kg based on the consumed dry material and considering the quality of the forage. Overall, being aware of daily food needs is necessary for the diet of animals. It should be considered in providing managerial designs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
454 - Effect of extraction of some medicinal plants to germination inhibitor on seeds of Alfalfa and Sainfoin for autumn sowing
Mehrab YadegariQuality of forage in rangelands dependent to time of beginning of growth, development and stress free. Today, secondary metabolites of medicinal plants can exploit to cause of delay in seed germination of plants. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and Sainfoin (Onobrychis vicifo MoreQuality of forage in rangelands dependent to time of beginning of growth, development and stress free. Today, secondary metabolites of medicinal plants can exploit to cause of delay in seed germination of plants. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and Sainfoin (Onobrychis vicifolia) have a specific role in forage production in Iran. This assay was carried out to delay of germination by using Thymus vulgaris, Achillea millefolium and Salvia officinalis extracts (0, 15, 30 and 45 gr.l-1 dried leaves) in laboratory condition. Experiments were carried out in completely randomized design with 4 replications. Results showed that water extracts had significant effect (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
455 - Effect of extraction of some medicinal plants to germination inhibitor on seeds of Alfalfa and Sainfoin for autumn sowing
Mehrab YadegariQuality of forage in rangelands dependent to time of beginning of growth, development and stress free. Today, secondary metabolites of medicinal plants can exploit to cause of delay in seed germination of plants. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and Sainfoin (Onobrychis vicifo MoreQuality of forage in rangelands dependent to time of beginning of growth, development and stress free. Today, secondary metabolites of medicinal plants can exploit to cause of delay in seed germination of plants. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and Sainfoin (Onobrychis vicifolia) have a specific role in forage production in Iran. This assay was carried out to delay of germination by using Thymus vulgaris, Achillea millefolium and Salvia officinalis extracts (0, 15, 30 and 45 gr.l-1 dried leaves) in laboratory condition. Experiments were carried out in completely randomized design with 4 replications. Results showed that water extracts had significant effect (P<0.01) on all measured traits except fresh and dried root weight. In alfalfa seeds, the highest seed vigour, germination percentage and seed germination rate were achieved in control treatment and the least of them were made by extractions of ThymeandSagewith45 gr.l-1. In Sainfoin seeds, the highest seed vigour, germination percentage and seed germination rate were made by control treatment and the least of them were made by extraction of Achillea with45 gr.l-1. Therefor in regions have spring chilling stress, for delay in germination of seeds of alfalfa can use extractions of ThymeandSagewith45 gr.l-1 and for Sainfoin seeds can consume of extraction of Achillea with45 gr.l-1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
456 - Passivity-based design of controller and observer for a class of nonlinear systems with application to Hepatitis B Disease
shaghayegh gorji Ahmad Fakharian Rezvan AbbasiIn this paper, a strictly passive formulation has been developed to design a passive state-observer for both time-invariant and time-varying Lipschitz nonlinear systems. During this formulation, a convergence and strictly passive state-observer is provided to have passi MoreIn this paper, a strictly passive formulation has been developed to design a passive state-observer for both time-invariant and time-varying Lipschitz nonlinear systems. During this formulation, a convergence and strictly passive state-observer is provided to have passive closed-loop system. Some definitions and charts are defined here for time-invariant and time-varying systems in different scenarios. A new interconnection between passivity of subsystems and passivity/stability of the closed-loop system has been introduced from a different point of view. All definitions are organized based on the systematic method called “virtually Euler-Lagrange” form of passivation. Utilizing this form and theses definitions, make the design process simpler and straightforward, while, some conditions of design will be released due to using these definitions. The designed controller/observer has been applied to control the hepatitis B virus infection disease. The reliability of the proposed definitions are examined by using MATLAB/SIMULINK, while, the results demonstrate the ability and power of this novel approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
457 - Structural consistencies and inconsistencies in Mowlana’s lyrical Ghazals
Ali Asqar ArjeeMowlana’s ghazal is at such heights that one cannot find anything like it neither before nor after his time. A structured poem, made rich in vertical arrangement, achieved unity and coherence through use of narration, allegory, and metaphor. However, t MoreMowlana’s ghazal is at such heights that one cannot find anything like it neither before nor after his time. A structured poem, made rich in vertical arrangement, achieved unity and coherence through use of narration, allegory, and metaphor. However, the strength of Mowlana’s ghazal lies in music. Despite having unity of meaning and rhythm, imaginative colorful themes a kind of inconsistency is found underlying its texture. This article attempts to cast light on those instances. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
458 - Comparison effect of eight weeks' core with plyometric training on range of motion and power athletes with chronic ankle sprain
Sajad Hamzeh Abdullah Albujasim Hamid TabatabaeiThe purpose of this study was to compare the effects of eight weeks of core with plyometric training on rang of motion and power athletes with chronic ankle sprain. The statistical population of this study included all young boys with ankle sprain. The sample consisted MoreThe purpose of this study was to compare the effects of eight weeks of core with plyometric training on rang of motion and power athletes with chronic ankle sprain. The statistical population of this study included all young boys with ankle sprain. The sample consisted of 30 subjects (10 for each group), who were initially targeted and finally randomly selected and matched to three groups of (Core stability, Plyometric) and control group were divided. The explosive power and range of motion (dorsiflexion and plantar flexion) were evaluated and measured before the start of the training protocol. The experimental group performed their exercises consisting of core stability and plyometric exercises for eight weeks (3 sessions per week) and the control group did not perform any training activity during the study. Finally, after the exercise protocol, a test was used to evaluate the variables. To determine the difference between the pre-test and post-test of each of the experimental and control groups, the dependent and independent t-test were used by SPSS software. The results showed that Core stability training had a significant effect on power, but there was no significant difference in range of motion (plantar flexion and dorsiflexion) and no significant improvement from pre-test to post-test. Plyometric exercises had significant effect on ankle strength and range of motion (plantar flexion and dorsiflexion). Manuscript profile
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