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Open Access Article
1 - The effect of Lactobacillus casei derived extracellular vesicles on the expression of Toll-like receptor-2 gene
Maryam Ebrahimi Vargoorani Mohammad Hossein Modarressi Elahe Motevaseli Farzam Vaziri Seyed Davar Siadat -
Open Access Article
2 - The generalized Jacobson’s trace form
امیرحسین نخودکاردر این مقاله فرم رد جیکوبسن را به فرم‌های هرمیتی پادمتقارن روی جبرهای تقسیم کواترنیون با برگردان متعامد در مشخصه‌ی دلخواه تعمیم می‌دهیم. با استفاده از این فرم تعمیم‌یافته، یک رده‌‌بندی از فرم‌های هرمیتی مذکور ارائه می‌نمائیم. همچنین نشان می‌دهیم یک فرم هرمیتی ایزوتروپ ( Moreدر این مقاله فرم رد جیکوبسن را به فرم‌های هرمیتی پادمتقارن روی جبرهای تقسیم کواترنیون با برگردان متعامد در مشخصه‌ی دلخواه تعمیم می‌دهیم. با استفاده از این فرم تعمیم‌یافته، یک رده‌‌بندی از فرم‌های هرمیتی مذکور ارائه می‌نمائیم. همچنین نشان می‌دهیم یک فرم هرمیتی ایزوتروپ (متابولیک) است اگر و تنها اگر فرم رد جیکوبسن تعمیم‌یافته‌ی آن ایزوتروپ (متابولیک) باشد. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Identify Effective Indicators in the Use of Blockchain Technology in the Drug Supply Chain (Using the Meta Synthesis Method for the Years 2010-2022)
Sedigheh Mohammadesmaeil hanieh fattahzadehIntroduction: Counterfeit drugs kill many people in the world every year. With the introduction of blockchain technology in the drug supply chain, the basic problem of this system, which is the existence of counterfeit drugs, will be solved. The purpose of this study is MoreIntroduction: Counterfeit drugs kill many people in the world every year. With the introduction of blockchain technology in the drug supply chain, the basic problem of this system, which is the existence of counterfeit drugs, will be solved. The purpose of this study is to investigate and identify the effective indicators in the use of blockchain technology in the drug supply chain. Methods: In this paper, the meta synthesis method has been used to investigate and identify the effective indicators in the use of blockchain in the drug supply chain. meta synthesis is a qualitative research method. The data collection tool is library studies and research background research. In this regard, first 7770 original articles were found, of which, after reviewing the relevant titles, 102 articles remained and the rest were deleted. In the next step, by reviewing the abstracts of articles, 6 articles were deleted and 96 articles remained. Finally, 89 articles were selected by reviewing the content of the remaining articles. Validity and reliability were checked and finally, the data were entered in Excel software and the average percentage of blockchain indexes in the drug supply chain was calculated by the elites. Results: Using selected articles and experts' opinions, the following six main effective indicators were obtained. Smart contract, simplification of international transactions, identification, supply chain coordination, tracking and prevention of fraud in the pharmaceutical industry, permanent and secure storage of information, and balancing the pricing process and reducing costs. Conclusion: At present, this technology is the best option for use in the drug supply chain due to the benefits of drug traceability, transparency, permanent and secure storage of information, elimination of intermediaries, cost reduction and unchangeable information. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Explaining the factors affecting on social anomy in the context of cultural development in the urban family and its consequences
reza mostame bagher saroukhani mansour vosoughiThe present article was extracted from a PhD thesis titled “Investigating Factors Affecting Social Anomie among Urban Families and its Consequences (Case Study: City of Tehran)”. In metropolises such as Tehran, the presence of various urban groups originatin MoreThe present article was extracted from a PhD thesis titled “Investigating Factors Affecting Social Anomie among Urban Families and its Consequences (Case Study: City of Tehran)”. In metropolises such as Tehran, the presence of various urban groups originating from different ethnicities has resulted in cultural conflict in a variety of social institutions. Cultural conflicts and dissociations are more apparent in such institutions as the family. Accordingly, due to cultural incompatibility and lack of a normative consensus, families belonging to the same economic class or members of a single family often choose different and sometimes illegitimate tools to pursue a certain goal. This situation is most significantly manifested by the prevalence of deprivation, pessimism, distrust, and discontent, all of which are major components of anomie. This study was mainly focused on investigating factors contributing to anomie among urban families and its consequences for the urban fabric and family in Tehran. The findings would be of great help in addressing different socio-cultural issues of this metropolis, which was selected as the case study. The results showed that lack of a normative consensus within families and cultural conflicts and clashes common in multi-ethnic societies are the main causes of anomie among families. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Explaining the factors affecting on social anomy in the context of cultural development in the urban family and its consequences
Reza Mostame Bagher Saroukhani Mansour VosoughiThe present article is extracted from a PhD thesis entitled “Investigating Factors Affecting Social Anomie among Urban Families and its Consequences (Case Study: City of Tehran)”. In metropolises such as Tehran, the presence of various urban groups originati MoreThe present article is extracted from a PhD thesis entitled “Investigating Factors Affecting Social Anomie among Urban Families and its Consequences (Case Study: City of Tehran)”. In metropolises such as Tehran, the presence of various urban groups originating from different ethnicities has resulted in cultural conflict in a variety of social institutions. Cultural conflicts and dissociations are more apparent in such institutions as the family. Accordingly, due to cultural incompatibility and lack of a normative consensus, families belonging to the same economic class or members of a single family often choose different and sometimes illegitimate tools to pursue a certain goal. This situation is most significantly manifested by the prevalence of deprivation, pessimism, distrust, and discontent, all of which are major components of anomie. This study is mainly focused on investigating factors contributing to anomie among urban families and its consequences for the urban fabric and family in Tehran. The findings would be of great help in addressing different socio-cultural issues of this metropolis, which was selected as the case study. The results showed that lack of a normative consensus within families and cultural conflicts and clashes common in multi-ethnic societies are the main causes of anomie among families. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Good and Evil
Seyyed Muhammad BojnurdiTheists believe that the Universe is governed by a single being whorules according to absolute wisdom, grace, power and justice. Hiswisdom and grace implies that He creates a universe with the bestpossible order and most goods and perfection. A universe which is, asHe H MoreTheists believe that the Universe is governed by a single being whorules according to absolute wisdom, grace, power and justice. Hiswisdom and grace implies that He creates a universe with the bestpossible order and most goods and perfection. A universe which is, asHe Himself, perfect and pure good. At the first glance, however, wefind the universe lacking goodness, i. e. a universe endowed withVices and evils. These Vices may be regarded as either metaphysical,natural, or moral.These questions and the like put the Divine attributes such asHis Omniscience & Omnipotent, Tawhid (Oneness) Divine Justice,His Grace, divine absolute Wisdom and Power under doubt. Theauthor is attempting to propose solutions posed by Islamicphilosophers in this regard. Different approaches taken by somecontemporary philosophers such as J.L. McGee and the answeroffered by the contemporary philosopher of religion, Alvin Plantinga,will be further studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Aquinas on the Natural Intellect and the Ideas Given by the Divine Grace
Amir Jafari Mohammad SaeedimehrFrom Aquinas’s viewpoint the intellect is just one of the Faculties of the human soul, and not identical with the very essence of the soul and thus human being possesses an intellect. On the other hand, unlike Plato, he believes that man has no innate concept but MoreFrom Aquinas’s viewpoint the intellect is just one of the Faculties of the human soul, and not identical with the very essence of the soul and thus human being possesses an intellect. On the other hand, unlike Plato, he believes that man has no innate concept but he can separate or abstract the forms (Ideas) of natural things. The origin of human concepts is the material world, so the Intellect‘s operation arises from sensation. The intellect knows nothing but what it receives from the senses. From this point of view Aquinas must be seen as an empiricist. Thomas is, however, a Christian philosopher too. God is the immaterial truth, so the natural power of the created intellect falls short to enable it to see the essence of God. Consequently, he believes that humans are sometimes given non-material ideas through divine grace. It increases the intellectual powers so that the forms are ultimately perceived by the human intellect. Nonetheless, in order to have these forms, some supernatural disposition should be added to the intellect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Primacy of the Will to Reason: Comparison between Schoupenhauer and Gazzali
ثریا سلاحورزیReason (knowledge) and will are two of more significance God’sattribute. The philosophical problem rises here is that which one haspriority in the creation of the world. A few philosopher and theologianproclaim that the reason (knowledge) has priority to will. Amo MoreReason (knowledge) and will are two of more significance God’sattribute. The philosophical problem rises here is that which one haspriority in the creation of the world. A few philosopher and theologianproclaim that the reason (knowledge) has priority to will. Amongwestern philosopher, Schaupenhauer, is one of the most famous onewho explicitly give priority to will, this study attempts to compare andconformity of Schopenhauer view for voluntary with Islamic scholarsoutlooks and finding out also its similarity and differences. Ibn’sina, onthe contrary, argues that the nature of power and/or will is knowledge;Gazzali, on the other hand, maintains approximately, asSchaupenhauer that will has priority. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - In the stability of the western slopes of mountain in Talesh and its morphological effects on filled plain of Ardabi
Nader Golzad nanekaran Jamshid Jedari EyvaziAfter the age of Euosen, the plain of Ardabil has been appeared like a subsidence hole, by faults (Neuor, Hir, Anbaran …) and the sediments wich are sensitive to Quaternaring erison have covered them. also From beginning of the middle age of Oligocene mountains o MoreAfter the age of Euosen, the plain of Ardabil has been appeared like a subsidence hole, by faults (Neuor, Hir, Anbaran …) and the sediments wich are sensitive to Quaternaring erison have covered them. also From beginning of the middle age of Oligocene mountains of the reigion have been elevated and the next age of erosion has started. the orogency of Pasadenian causes faulting mild thrust and region elevation. The existence of congolomerate with fragile cement and volcanic pieces in the southen part of Ardabil in Peleo- Quaternary are the sings of havy rain fall in the beginning of Quaternary. The new alluvium of Quaternary(Holocene) have been carried through by mountaion waterway to the Ardabil plain and his process is done by the region water ways at the present time. The Alluvial terraces, alluvial con and … are signs of instability of the western slops of Talesh mountains and its morphological effects on filled plain of Ardabil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The Geomorphology of Darangir playa
R. Noujavan H. SadoughEvery kind of Geomorphological Landscapes has a basic roll in regionaldevelopment.In Yazd province using every kind of land use projects withought consideringplaya's landscape can't Complot the chain of it's development and Constraction,because. The playa's landscape is MoreEvery kind of Geomorphological Landscapes has a basic roll in regionaldevelopment.In Yazd province using every kind of land use projects withought consideringplaya's landscape can't Complot the chain of it's development and Constraction,because. The playa's landscape is one of the basic. Units of morphotectonic. In thisprovince. (Siah Kooh playa – Abar kooh playa Daranjir- Harat and marvast playa's andSaghand playa and….)Finding away for using, Landuse projects has a special roll in regional developmentAnd researching and recognizing this landscapes is one of the basic part of landuseproject in this province.Among of these playa's , Daranjir or bafgh playa is the thired playa (From the pointof area viwes) which it's shape like a hole (North – west to south – east).It's placed between kharanagh and bafgh. Which is in east of Yazd province.In this paper. Which is provide in base of Analytical Methodes and using a numberof digital dataes, in GIS Frame work, We can recognized different geomorphologicalaspects of this region and it's potential. In five surfaces (Convex, Concave – traces andun sustainability wind surfaces) and Conclude that: Knowing the paleo and dinamysmgeomorphology Of this region.Has an important roll in Document of Development sterategy Frame work .Because of the result of this researches. Salinization process is active in Daranjirplaya now (We can see it's effects on different part of playa).There are some Evidence of active Tectonic in the south – west of this region andanalysis of drainages show anticidence conception too.Because of above Conclusion and several other limitations we can say this region isnot suitable for development in tourism Field.The main axes of development in this area can be concentrated on mine activitiesespecially. Rare metals element which is deposite in playa Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Geomorphological characteristics of raised beaches of south east of Iran
حسین NegareshRaised beaches has raising gradually since 30-50 thousands years ago, and the amountof raising has estimated 1-3 milimeters per year. These matchless beaches are observablefrom port of Jask to Gwater bay, and continue to after port of Karachi, and therate of raising inc MoreRaised beaches has raising gradually since 30-50 thousands years ago, and the amountof raising has estimated 1-3 milimeters per year. These matchless beaches are observablefrom port of Jask to Gwater bay, and continue to after port of Karachi, and therate of raising increase from west to east. So that their height is about 1 meter in Jaskport, more than 100 meters in Chahbahar and Tis, and about 500 meters in Karachi ofPakistan.The Cause of raising beaches is related subduction and tectonic forces in this part ofIran beaches, that the amount of subduction is 5 centimeters per year and intensity ofraising in beach is very more than plain and Makran mountains. Since the subductionis active, the raising of beach is continuing yet, and beaches are uplifting steply.There is very reasons of prove raising beaches that will be point in later discussions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Histopathologic study of pancreas in streptozotocin –induced diabetic rats treated with ethanolic extract of Portulaca oleracea (Purslane)
Mortazavi. P.*, Aghaey Meybodi, M., Poosty, I., Hoseiny, S. .Diabetes mellitus is a constellation of metabolic disorders that increase blood glucose andfactors such as genetics, environmental factors, life-style habits that are involved in creating.In this study, to evaluate the effect of alcoholic extract of purslane on diabetic MoreDiabetes mellitus is a constellation of metabolic disorders that increase blood glucose andfactors such as genetics, environmental factors, life-style habits that are involved in creating.In this study, to evaluate the effect of alcoholic extract of purslane on diabetic rats, 36 adultmale Wistar rats were used in six groups, respectively, including healthy controls, diabetic withstreptozotocin, diabetic with streptozotocin and treated with Purslane extract (200 mg/kg) for 4weeks (T1), diabetic with streptozotocin and treated with Purslane extract (400 mg/kg) for 4weeks (T2), treatment with Purslane extract (200 mg/kg) for 4 weeks thereafter induction ofdiabetes with streptozotocin (T3), treatment with Purslane extract (400 mg/kg) for 4 weeks andthen inducing diabetes with streptozotocin (T4). Blood glucose was measured at the end of eachweek. At the end of experiment, all rats were euthanized, and pancreas tissue samples wereplaced in 10% buffered formalin and referred to pathology laboratory for histopathology slidespreparation.Histopathological findings demonstrated islet cell necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration indiabetic rats. Purslane extract-treated groups showed significant reduction in the severity of theinjuries. This reduction was greater in T3 and T4 groups compared to others. The resultsobtained showed anti-diabetic activities of purslane extract which is probably related to itsantioxidant properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Determination of AquaStart median lethal dose (LC50) as a disinfectant agent and study of the gill pathological effects on fry rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Hooshangi, R., Soltani, M., Hosseini Shekarabi, S.P. .Aquastart is introduced as a peroxide-based disinfectant agent in aquaculture industries of Iran for the first time. This study was designed to determine the median lethal dose (LC50) for 96 hours and histopathological finding in gill tissue. On fry rainbow trout. The r MoreAquastart is introduced as a peroxide-based disinfectant agent in aquaculture industries of Iran for the first time. This study was designed to determine the median lethal dose (LC50) for 96 hours and histopathological finding in gill tissue. On fry rainbow trout. The research was carried out by 510 rainbow trout fry with an average weight of 1.33±0.01 grin 30 liter tanks under static conditions. Fish was exposed to 65, 75, 80, 85, 95, 100, 110 and 115 ppm concentrations of Aquastart for 96 hours. LC50 value of 89.4 mg/L was estimated for Aquastart by collecting the mortality of fish during 96 hours with using of probity analysis. It was found that in the lethal concentrations of Aquastart abnormal symptoms such as open-mouthed swimming, flashing, gasping for air, sinking to the bottom, balance gone, turned upside down and open-mouthed death were observed in comparison to control group. The histological investigation showed a range of histopathological alternations in gills tissue including epithelial cells necrosis, hyperplasia, hyperemia, lamellar adhesion and clubbing of at the tip of secondary gill lamellae. However, the severity of these alternations increased with increasing of the doses of Aquastart and extensive necrosis was observed in this regard. The highest mortality rate was obtained with increasing duration of exposure and concentration of Aquastart, according to increased toxicity of the agent. This study will be the basis of in vivo research for this disinfectant agent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Mystical Foundations of St. Paul's Ethical Doctrines
Homeyra Arsanjani مجتبی ZurvaniThe vital role of St.Paul in the history of Christianity needs no proof. Christian life of Paul began with his own vision of Christ; This conversion resulted in his theological and ethical teachings. So that, his “Christ-Mysticism” has been regarded as the h MoreThe vital role of St.Paul in the history of Christianity needs no proof. Christian life of Paul began with his own vision of Christ; This conversion resulted in his theological and ethical teachings. So that, his “Christ-Mysticism” has been regarded as the heart of his ideas and thought. Accordingly, love, as the major element of Paul’s ethic and the gift of “spirit”, parallel to faith, as the main element of his theology and the fruit of grace, make the fulfillment of true Law possible. In Pauline mysticism, “being-in-Christ” follows a “new creation” in piety and edification. This attitude, together with a moral-mystical interpretation of sacraments substitutes Law of love for the Law of works. In this article, Paul’s ethics is surveyed with regard to his special personality, his fanatical legalism, his following psychological crisis, and finally his visionary experience of Jesus Christ. Furthermore, Pauline and Stoic Ethics are comparatively discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Deification and Mystical Vision in the Eastern Orthodox Christianity
سید نادر محمدزادهMystical vision and deification is the final goal of the mystics in theOrthodox Church. They believe that in the mystical vision Divinemanifestation or powers could be observed, but, the Divine essenceremains inaccessible. Therefore, in the theology of the OrthodoxChurc MoreMystical vision and deification is the final goal of the mystics in theOrthodox Church. They believe that in the mystical vision Divinemanifestation or powers could be observed, but, the Divine essenceremains inaccessible. Therefore, in the theology of the OrthodoxChurch God is symbolized in two forms: Light and darkness. Easterntheology interpreted the union of the divine and the human in Jesus asglorifying humanity and as preparing humanity for its deification. Thisdoctrine is the cornerstone of the Eastern Orthodox Christianity. Hereagain the union with God means union with His powers. Not only thegrace of God, but also the will of the mystic are taking part indeification Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The Role of the Grace Intermediary in Genetic Entrusting
Adel Meghdadian Mohammad Javad ShamsIn Islamic mysticism the term "entrusting" (tafwīḍ) can be used in twoways: on the one hand, in ascending journey and at the level of spiritualpractices when a mystic develops the virtue of trust (tawakkul) inhimself the entrusting would be realized. On the other hand, MoreIn Islamic mysticism the term "entrusting" (tafwīḍ) can be used in twoways: on the one hand, in ascending journey and at the level of spiritualpractices when a mystic develops the virtue of trust (tawakkul) inhimself the entrusting would be realized. On the other hand, in thedescending journey entrusting means the complete surrender to the willof the grace intermediary. This kind of entrusting has two differenttypes: "genetic entrusting" which refers to the dominance of graceintermediary over creation or genesis; and "entrusting in divinelegislation" which means that the grace intermediary has permissionfrom God to intervene in divine legislation, and to do whatever hethinks best for spiritual development of people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - The Grace in Catholic Theology and the Principle of Luṭf in Shī’a Theology: A Comparative Study
Raouf Nosratian Mahdi QasemiGrace in Catholic theology is the free favour of God as manifested inthe salvation of men. This teaching is related to important conceptssuch as faith, church, salvation, knowledge acquisition, and sacraments.On the other hand, the Principle of Lutf in Shī’a theol MoreGrace in Catholic theology is the free favour of God as manifested inthe salvation of men. This teaching is related to important conceptssuch as faith, church, salvation, knowledge acquisition, and sacraments.On the other hand, the Principle of Lutf in Shī’a theology has a similarfunction, i.e. it is the Divine guidance realized by sending prophets andimams. The Omniscience God knows man's needs and by His wisdomdirects whole creation, including man's life, from the beginning to theend. The Principle of Luṭf is particularly mentioned in arguing aboutthe prophethood, imamate and ijmaʿ (consensus between jurists). So thefinal goal of Grace and Luṭf is similar: "guiding human beings" whichleads to salvation. Both try to explain the relation of men and God froman epistemological point of view, therefore the comparative study ofthese teachings could be useful in the inter-religious dialogue betweenIslam and Christianity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Optimization of Pasta Formulation Containing Wheat, Quinoa Flour and Purslane Leaves Powder
M. Afshar B. Ghiasi Tarzi A. Seyed Yagoubi -
Open Access Article
19 - Investigation on Application of Simultaneous UV Irradiation Ultrafiltration of Extracellular Polymeric Substances Extracted from Membrane Bioreactor and Its Effect on PVDF/TiO2 Membrane Mitigation
Maryam Tavakolmoghadam Seyed Mohammad Ali SafaviBackground and Objective: The object of this study is to investigate the effect of surface modification of Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane on filtration performance and reduction of fouling in membrane bioreactors (MBRs). This study was done based on the photoca MoreBackground and Objective: The object of this study is to investigate the effect of surface modification of Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane on filtration performance and reduction of fouling in membrane bioreactors (MBRs). This study was done based on the photocatalytic properties of TiO2 nanoparticles under ultraviolet light irradiation and to assess the effect of reducing membrane fouling in real EPS extraction of submerged membrane bioreactor as the main foulant. Method: Considering photocatalytic properties of TiO2 nanoparticles under ultraviolet light irradiation, PVDF/TiO2 performance in filtration of extracellular polymeric substances extracted (EPS) from membrane bioreactor which was used for oil refinery wastewater treatment and has been evaluated and compared with PVDF membrane without TiO2 nanoparticles. Findings: The results showed improvement of permeation flux and flux recovery ratio of nano-composite PVDF/TiO2 under UV radiation due to membrane super hydrophilicity which results in irreversible membrane resistance of EPS UV irradiated to 0.36×1012 m-1 and PVDF/TiO2 membrane total resistance reduction to about 44% comparing to pure PVDF membrane. According to the results by ultrafiltration combined with UV, the flux recovery of about 90% for PVDF/TiO2 membrane can be achieved. Discussion and Conclusions: Considering EPS as the main foulant of refinery MBRs, simultaneous UV irradiation ultrafiltration of EPS extracted from membrane bioreactor by PVDF/TiO2 membranes can be considered as an effective approached in fouling reduction research in future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Heavy metals concentrations (Ni / Pb / Cd) in Spinach (Spinacia oleraceae) with Effect of Atmospheric Desiccation (Case Study: Upper Hand and Downstream of Ramin Ahvaz Power Plant)
Ali Karimi Shooshtari Maryam Mohammadi RouzbahaniBackground and Objective: Several studies have been done to measure the concentration of heavy metals in vegetables, but so far, research on the determination of heavy metals in spinach and soil vegetation in upstream and downstream of the Ramin power plant using induct MoreBackground and Objective: Several studies have been done to measure the concentration of heavy metals in vegetables, but so far, research on the determination of heavy metals in spinach and soil vegetation in upstream and downstream of the Ramin power plant using inductively coupled plasma - Optical emission spectroscopy has not been performed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of cadmium, lead, and nickel in spinach and soil harvested from upstream and downstream fields of Ramin Power Plant.Material and Methodology: 99 vegetable and soil samples were collected. After chemical digestion (for soil using EPA 3050 and for plant using Jackson, 1980), preparation was performed by the ICP-OES induction plasma coupling device. Then, the results were analyzed using SPSS20 software.Findings: The results showed that concentrations of Cd, Pb and Ni in spinach and the soil bottom of the plant were 17.76, 20.89 and 43.68 mg / kg, 0.09, 0.1, 2.52 mg / kg, respectively. And in the spinach and the upper soil of the Ramin power plant were measured 6.81, 17.94 and 28.38 mg / kg, 0.88, 0.8 and 1.85 mg / kg respectively, which according to the standard limit. Concentration of cadmium, nickel and lead in spinach was higher and in soil below standard level. The concentration of all three metals in all vegetable samples was higher than the standard standard. The general pattern of concentrations of metals in vegetables and soil is Ni> Pb> Cd.Discussion and Conclusion: Considering the high concentration of heavy metals in spinach herb and the impact of atmospheric dry atmospheric precipitation in the region, focusing on the potential risk of heavy metals contamination for food safety and human health in agricultural soils and upstream and downstream Ramin power plants it is very necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Trace Metals Concentration Study in Feathers of Laughing Dove (Streptopelia senegalensis) for Pollution Monitoring in Central Iran (Case Study: Yazd City)
Hesan Akhavan Ghalibaf Mohamad Hosein Iran Nejad Parizi Farhad Nejadkoorki Mahmoud Reza Hemami Hamid Reza AzimzadehBackground and Purpose: Feathers as an excellent way to monitor trace metals in the environment from the 1960s have already been used. The aim of this study is using feather of laughing dove (Streptopelia senegalensis) as an indicator of urban environmental pollution. MoreBackground and Purpose: Feathers as an excellent way to monitor trace metals in the environment from the 1960s have already been used. The aim of this study is using feather of laughing dove (Streptopelia senegalensis) as an indicator of urban environmental pollution. Materials and Methods: The concentration of Cadmium, Lead, Copper and Zinc were evaluated from 58 laughing dove's feather samples from 19 different locations within the city of Yazd. Chemical digestion and atomic absorption spectrometer was used for measuring the concentration of trace metal. Weighing method by 0.001 g accuracy digital scale were used to study the index of two wing asymmetry. Results: Mean concentration of Lead, Cadmium, Copper and Zinc were 20.13 ± 1.27 μg g-1, 0.85± 0.04 μg g-1, 15.56 ± 0.28 μg g-1 and 209.72 ± 8.77 μg g-1. Due to heterogeneity of human activity and structure in urban environment the concentration of trace metals (lead, cadmium and zinc) showed significant differences in different local scale regions. In this study correlation was observed between Lead and Cadmium with Zinc. Discussion and Conclusions: Correlation pattern could simply result from correlated concentrations of these metals in the environment and could be a kind of positive feedback protection against Lead and Cadmium pollution. The results showed considerable trace metals absorption by laughing dove's feather that caused by human activity and efficiency of laughing dove's feather as an indicators of trace metal pollution in urban environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Enhancement of Tripod-Beta Model to Analyze Accidents based on Human Factors Engineering (Case Study: Esfahan’s Mobarakeh Steel Company)
Hanieh Nikoomaram Hossein Modaresifar Javad Kiani Mohsen ShanoofiBackground and Objective: Industrial and occupational accidents mostly have adverse consequences. Analyzing the accidents to identify how and why they happened has been one of the key subjects in safety engineering. Tripod-Beta model is one of the most widely-used model MoreBackground and Objective: Industrial and occupational accidents mostly have adverse consequences. Analyzing the accidents to identify how and why they happened has been one of the key subjects in safety engineering. Tripod-Beta model is one of the most widely-used models for accidents investigation, which step by step identifies the causes of accidents occurrence. However, the role of human factors, as one of the most important causes of accidents, has not noticeably been addressed in this model. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to enhance Tripod-Beta model based on human factors engineering. Material and Methodology: In this research, Tripod-Beta model has been enhanced applying TRACEr in a way that the improved model is able to identify and analyze the human errors involved in accidents occurrence in terms of four elements: external error modes, internal error modes, psychological error mechanisms and performance shaping factors. The new model was then applied to investigate some of the accidents happened in Esfahan’s Mobarakeh Steel Company. Findings: In the enhanced model, two tables of “external-based human error” including 5 preconditions and 11 underlying causes, and “internal-based human error” including 7 preconditions and 11 underlying causes have been added to the primary model. Also, one group named “human factors” has been incorporated into the basic risk factors of the old model. Discussion and Conclusion: Considering the applicability of the new model to investigate the selected accidents, the meaningfulness of the results of the accidents analyses, and also the capability of the model in identifying the accidents causes related to human factors, this can be inferred that the enhanced model has the appropriate validity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Environmental Risk Assessment of Sponge Iron production unit in Khorasan Steel Company Using Comparative Methods ETBA and JSA
Samaneh Sanjari Sahar Rezaian Seyed Ali JoziBackground and Objective: The present study was conducted in line with the manufacturers’ awareness and tendency towards minimizing the hazards associated with workplace compounded by technological developments and utilization of modern machinery leading to the in MoreBackground and Objective: The present study was conducted in line with the manufacturers’ awareness and tendency towards minimizing the hazards associated with workplace compounded by technological developments and utilization of modern machinery leading to the increase of both production rates and eventual soaring risk probabilities. Employing Job Safety Analysis (JSA) and Energy Trace and Barrier Analysis (ETBA) methods, the study aims to assess the environmental risk of direct recovery unit. Method: The process began with identification of environmental risks associated with this unit through the abovementioned methods. After identification of risks, the strengths and weaknesses of each method were compared, and finally separate evaluations were conducted using each method. Findings: Six high-risk jobs were identified in Job Safety Analysis Method. 47 hazards were identified to be at the unacceptable risk level in 2 cases, unfavorable risk level in 28 cases and acceptable risk level in 17 cases. In Energy Trace and Barrier Analysis method, 9 types of energy were identified by using energy checklist. The most important risks associated with these energies are reduction gas leakage and increase of gas pressure inside the furnace. In this method, 17 risks were identified in to be at the unacceptable risk levelin 3 cases, unfavorable risk levelin 7 cases, acceptable upon revisit in 3 cases and acceptable with no need for revisitin 4 cases. Conclusion: Implementing the security principles based on personal observations and interviews with experts and using opinions of production experts, proposition was made to make use of a general method combining the two aforesaid methods instead of applying each method separately in orde to ensure the highest efficiency and staff safety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Bioremediation of anthracene in Siri Island with an emphasis on biosafety
Mozhgan Emtiazjoo Sima Seddighi Marjan EmtiazjooSiri oil region in the Persian Gulf is one the four sites for extracting, refining, and transporting oil. The region is, therefore, exposed to the pollution danger of oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In this research, the amounts of PAHs were measured b MoreSiri oil region in the Persian Gulf is one the four sites for extracting, refining, and transporting oil. The region is, therefore, exposed to the pollution danger of oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In this research, the amounts of PAHs were measured by GCMS in 8 stations at two transect. Anthracene was observed in most of the research stations and was isolated from the sediment. Then the degradation potential of these bacteria was recognized using well method, biomass measurement, and selective spatial media, and was analyzed with GC. Anthracene degrading microorganisms have been identified with general microbial methods. These microorganisms included: Bacillus sp.PGI, Bacillus sp. PGII, Pseudomonas sp PGIII, and Staphylococcus sp PGIIII. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Isolation and characterization Anthracene degrading Gram negative bacteria from water and sediment contaminanted by these compounds
Farshid Kafilzade Somaye behzadi shahrbabakPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)form a group of compound compused of two or more fused aromatic rings that are carcinogen and mutagenic for human and animals. thay are formed by the incomplete combustion of organic matter and fossil fuel. PAHs are released into t MorePolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)form a group of compound compused of two or more fused aromatic rings that are carcinogen and mutagenic for human and animals. thay are formed by the incomplete combustion of organic matter and fossil fuel. PAHs are released into the environment from way waste water of factories producting Coke,oil,s refineries and industrials that use from very high temperatures,also these compounds are primary substance producting cosmetics,polymers,high explosive,fertilizer,colours and etc,that transfer to environment when used. Today biodegradation of PAHs by microorganisms is the best way for fending these contamination and because bacteria have variety enzymes, hence thay are the best microorganism. Anthracene is tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, solid and Phenanthrene isomer. Anthracene is major source colours such Anthrakinon and Alizarin. Anthracene is formed by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. In this paper,we isolate anthracene degrading Gram negative bacteria from Maharlu lake.samples of lake,s sediments and water were collected from four sites in Maharlu lake. Samples filtered and cultured in Mineral medium that include inorganic compound, trace element and anthracene. Post of sequential cultures in specialized medium and employed biochemical tests, isolated gram negative bacteria and identified species and genus.The bacteria include Pseudomonas, Vibrio, Nocardia, Aeromonas, Mycobacterium isolated and characterized as anthracene degrading bacteria from lake.Among these bacteria the most bacteria was in Khoshk river,s estury and the least was in lake,s center.Whereas Pseudomonas have the most dispersal,can used as anthracene degrading indicator species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Comparative Analysis of Shame in Vis and Rāmin, Khosrow and Shirin
Faezeh Eftekhari Roozbahani Mohammad Ali Shafaei Masoumeh Khodadadi Mahabad Mojtaba Ansari ShahidiThe characters of a lyrical poem depict human emotions that originate from individual and society’s heart. (sense of) Shame has always been one of the most important emotional elements in Iranian culture as well as romantic relationships. The reflection of this th MoreThe characters of a lyrical poem depict human emotions that originate from individual and society’s heart. (sense of) Shame has always been one of the most important emotional elements in Iranian culture as well as romantic relationships. The reflection of this theme leads to the formation of all kinds of shame, each of which leads to different reactions. In this research romantic relationships are studied by comparison of two poems "Vis and Rāmin" and "Khosrow and Shirin", in two different time periods (before Islam and after Islam), while conceptual analysis of shame reflection and selection of keywords are analyzed as well. The results of the study show that the type of shame is different in these two poetries and while having different contexts, it also appears differently in the performance between lover and beloved, which is carefully analyzed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Divine knowledge from the point of view of Sadr al-Muta'allehin and Ibn Sina
Zahra ZaheriOne of the most complex topics in divine philosophy is the issue of divine knowledge. This article examines the views of Sadr al-Muta'allehin and Ibn Sina while stating issues related to this issue. Ibn Sina considers the divine knowledge of essence to be present. He co MoreOne of the most complex topics in divine philosophy is the issue of divine knowledge. This article examines the views of Sadr al-Muta'allehin and Ibn Sina while stating issues related to this issue. Ibn Sina considers the divine knowledge of essence to be present. He considers the divine knowledge of Masavi to be an acquired science which is obtained through the forms of Mortasmeh, therefore he believes in the science of Enai. Mulla Sadra, using the special principles of his philosophy, including the rule of "Basit Al-Haghighat", has presented a new theory about the obligatory divine knowledge to Masavi. Accordingly, God, at the level of His essence, has a brief (simple) knowledge of all of Masavi, who is at the same time the discoverer of Masavi's details. He also defends the essence and necessity of divine knowledge based on his philosophical principles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - The effect of Anthracene on oxidative stress factors in Medicago sativa L.
Maryam Khoshsokhan mozaffar leyla Jafari Elahe VatankhahPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the tensions that inhibit plant growth and create imbalance between the production of Reactive Oxygen Species and antioxidant defense activities of the plant. Anthracene is the main pollutants in the petrochemical indus MorePolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the tensions that inhibit plant growth and create imbalance between the production of Reactive Oxygen Species and antioxidant defense activities of the plant. Anthracene is the main pollutants in the petrochemical industry, which is located on the list of toxic pollutants, US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). In this study is to evaluate the effect of anthracene on some parameters of oxidative stress in Medicago sativa after 12 days of treatment with anthracene (2, 4 mmol per liter) in hydroponics, shoot and root tissues of the plants were harvested and used to measure biochemical parameters. The activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD), polyphenol oxidase(PPO), glutathione transferase(GST), peroxidase(PO), malondialdehyde and enzyme ascorbate peroxidase(APX) in shoot and root, as well as the activity of chlorophyll b and a the shoot was determined. The results showed that The high activities of SOD, APX, SPO, PPO and GST on the shoot of 4 mM anthracene is significant. Anthracene treatment, decreased MDA levels in shoot significantly. It is also associated with increased concentrations of chlorophyll a and b. Also increases the activity of the enzyme polyphenol oxidase is the result of the production of phenolic compounds in the plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - PapA track adhesion genes in bacteria E. coli isolated from patients with urinary tract infection in a hospital in Tehran
shahram shafipour Mohsen Zargar shahla mohammad gangiباکتری E. coli به همراه فاکتورهای بیماری زایش از شایع ترین علل عفونت مجاری ادراری می باشد. هدف از این مطالعه تعیین میزان شیوع ژن papA در بین سویه های جداسازی شده از بیماران مبتلا به عفونت ادراری می باشد. 104 ایزوله از نمونه های ادرار بیماران مبتلا به عفونت ادراری بدست آ Moreباکتری E. coli به همراه فاکتورهای بیماری زایش از شایع ترین علل عفونت مجاری ادراری می باشد. هدف از این مطالعه تعیین میزان شیوع ژن papA در بین سویه های جداسازی شده از بیماران مبتلا به عفونت ادراری می باشد. 104 ایزوله از نمونه های ادرار بیماران مبتلا به عفونت ادراری بدست آمد. بررسی میزان شیوع سه ژن مذکور که متعلق به دسته ی ژنی PAP هستند از طریق روش PCR انجام شد. پس از آن ارتباط میزان فراوانی این ژن با سایر مشخصات دموگرافیک بیماران مورد بررسی آماری قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که درصد فراوانی ژن مورد مطالعه papA برابر 40.38 % بود. همچنین ژن شناسایی شده در سویه های جداسازی شده از بیماران با فاکتورهایی چون سن بیماران بالای 50 سال و وجود علائم عفونت ادراری تفاوت معنی داری ( pvalue>0.05) نشان داد و با سایر ویژگی ها مانند بیماری های زمینه ای، سابقه انواع جراحی، و... ارتباط معناداری نشان نداد. نتایج این تحقیق می تواند جهت بهبود پیشگیری و درمان بیماران نقش داشته باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Treptichnus pedum, a paleontological Geosite, in at central alborz, Iran
Roya Tashayoei -
Open Access Article
31 - The 1953 Iranian Coup and Deconstruction of The Orientalism Discourse in The Novel “Long Distance Races”
Kamal BaghjariThe novel “Long Distance Races” (Sibaq al-masafat at-tawila) is the story of an English agent in Iran who has headed to this country in order to defeat nationalization of oil industry and safeguard the Britain’s colonial interests in Iran. This novel, MoreThe novel “Long Distance Races” (Sibaq al-masafat at-tawila) is the story of an English agent in Iran who has headed to this country in order to defeat nationalization of oil industry and safeguard the Britain’s colonial interests in Iran. This novel, whether from centrality of the colonial character or simulation of the orientalist texts, is considered a turning point in the narrative works of "Abdul Rahman Munif". The main objective of this article is to analyze the implications of the post-colonial novel, according to the "History" and "Orientalism". In the historical material, the author cites 1953 coup in Iran, creating a new picture of the evolution of classical colonialism and the emergence of "Neocolonialism". In the “Orientalism” material too, this novel, using orientalist texts cloning, has pictured the collapse of the orientalism foundation and the false dichotomy of "Ego/other" in the post-colonial era in two dimensions of colonizer and colonized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Chemical profiling of the fruits of Styrax officinalis L. from Monti Lucretili (Latium region, Central Italy): Chemotaxonomy and nutraceutical potential
Alessandro Venditti Claudio Frezza Ilaria Serafini Sabina Pulone Giorgina Scardelletti Fabio Sciubba Armandodoriano Bianco Mauro Serafini -
Open Access Article
33 - Ficusanol, a new cinnamic acid derivative and other constituents from the roots of Ficus exasperata Vahl. (Moraceae) with antioxidant and cytotoxic activities
Stevine Claudiale Popwo Tameye Jean Claude Ndom Edwige Laure Nguemfo Jean Duplex Wansi Juliette Catherine Vardamides Anatole Guy Blaise Azebaze -
Open Access Article
34 - Isolation and identification of bioactives organics compounds from the bark and seeds of Santaloïdes afzelii (Connaraceae)
Amian Brise Benjamin Kassi Coulibaly Aïssata Soro Yaya Soro Koffi Julien Golly Siaka Sorho -
Open Access Article
35 - Anticancer butanolides and lignans from the Makko tree, Machilus thunbergii Siebold & Zucc. (Lauraceae). A review
Christian Bailly -
Open Access Article
36 - Phytochemical analysis of trunk bark with branch bark, wood and stored bark of Ficus racemosa and comparison with other Ficus barks
Manikandan Velanthavalam Logeswaran Vellingiri VadivelThe phytochemistry of F. racemosa bark was compared with other Ficus species available in South India (F. religiosa, F. benghalensis and F. hispida barks). Further, fresh bark was compared with stored bark of F. racemosa; wood with the trunk bark of F. racemosa; branch MoreThe phytochemistry of F. racemosa bark was compared with other Ficus species available in South India (F. religiosa, F. benghalensis and F. hispida barks). Further, fresh bark was compared with stored bark of F. racemosa; wood with the trunk bark of F. racemosa; branch bark with the trunk bark of F. racemosa. Also the protective potential of active fraction was evaluated against oxidative stress in ex vivo skin model. Qualitative and quantitative estimation of phytochemicals were done for Ficus species bark samples and also subjected to UPLC-QTOF-MS analysis. It was found that methanolic extract of F. racemosa has a high number of phytochemicals (Flavonoids: 4.10 mg/mL; phytosterols: 3.28 mg/mL; total phenols: 29.93 mg/mL and tannins: 8.98 mg/mL). Kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside was noted as the major compound in F. racemosa bark. Trunk bark of F. racemosa was quantified to have high amount of phytochemicals than branch bark. Also, bark was found to contain higher concentration of different phytochemicals than F. racemosa wood. Stored bark of F. racemosa was found to exhibit lesser amount of phytochemicals than fresh bark. F. racemosa bark also exhibits moderate superoxide and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities, high inhibition of lipid peroxidation and moderate inhibition of protein oxidation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and biological activities of selected African species of the genus Ficus
Olaoluwa Olaoluwa Olayombo Taiwo Lutfun Nahar Satyajit Sarker -
Open Access Article
38 - Chemical composition, biological activities, and nutritional application of Asteraceae family herbs: A systematic review
Masoud Kazeminia Ali Mehrabi Razzagh Mahmoudi -
Open Access Article
39 - Chemical composition and cytotoxicity of the essential oil of Tanacetum abrotanifolium (L.) Druce (Asteraceae) from Iran
Ali Sonboli Sepideh Ghilichpour Mohsen Farhadpour Mitra Arman -
Open Access Article
40 - Phytochemistry and biological activities of Tetracera species
Akingbolabo Ogunlakin Mubo Sonibare -
Open Access Article
41 - Phytochemical analysis of Echinops macrophyllus Boiss & Hausskn
Azadeh Khademian Mahdi Moridi Farimani Mostafa Alilou Mojtaba AsadollahiEchinops macrophyllus Boiss & Hausskn, also known as “Shekartighal kohgiluyeh” in Persian, is a prickly perennial herbaceous plant. Various species within the genus Echinops have traditionally been used as remedies for severe coughs, nervous attacks, and MoreEchinops macrophyllus Boiss & Hausskn, also known as “Shekartighal kohgiluyeh” in Persian, is a prickly perennial herbaceous plant. Various species within the genus Echinops have traditionally been used as remedies for severe coughs, nervous attacks, and infectious diseases. This study aimed to isolate and elucidate the structures of the compounds found in the aerial parts of E. macrophyllus. The ethyl acetate extract from the aerial parts of the plant was fractionated using column chromatography. The structures of the isolated compounds were characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 1H-1H COSY, HSQC-DEPT, HMBC and NOESY techniques. Phytochemical analysis of the plant resulted in the isolation of six compounds (1-6), including one triterpenoid (α-amyrin) (4), three sterols involving 3-O-[β-D-(6’-tetradecanoate)-glucopyranosyl]-β-sitosterol (6), β-sitosterol (3), and daucosterol (5) as well as two phenolic compounds, namely p-hydroxybenzoic acid (1) and ethyl-2-hydroxy-trans-cinamate (2), from this species for the first time. It is noteworthy that these compounds have previously been reported to exhibit various biological activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Flavonoids from two Turkish Centaurea species and their chemotaxonomic implications
Sharmeen Uddin Lillian Alnsour Peter Segun Huseyin Servi Sezgin Celik R. Süleyman Göktürk Afaf Al-Groshi Shaymaa Al-Majmaie Stephanie T. Guetchueng Lutfun Nahar Nicola M. Dempster Fyaz M. D. Ismail Kenneth J. Ritchie Satyajit D. Sarker -
Open Access Article
43 - Antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-prostate cancer activity of the extracts from different parts of Etlingera velutina (Ridl.) R. M. Sm (Zingiberaceae)
Behnam Mahdavi Majid Mohammadhosseini -
Open Access Article
44 - Hybrid Coupler Design: enhancing signal isolation for portable radar and wireless
Elham Zandi majid fouladian jalil mazloum -
Open Access Article
45 - Antimicrobial and Healing Effect of Nettle, Purslane and Hedge Nettle Extracts on Burn Infections of Staphylococcus aureus in Mice
Nader Kazemi Mahdi Arfaei Mona GhasemiIntroduction & Objective: Staphylococcus aureus is cause of hospital infections and infectious illnesses. Urtica dioica, Portulaca oleracea and Stachys schtschegleevii have more antimicrobial and healing effects. In this project, the antimicrobial and healing effect MoreIntroduction & Objective: Staphylococcus aureus is cause of hospital infections and infectious illnesses. Urtica dioica, Portulaca oleracea and Stachys schtschegleevii have more antimicrobial and healing effects. In this project, the antimicrobial and healing effects of plants extracts with silver sulfadiazine were studied on burn infections of Staphylococcus aureus in rats. Materials & Methods: Firstly, ethanolic and acetonic extracts of plants were prepared in the laboratory. Then, the MIC and MBC of the extracts were determined by the dilution method in the Muller Hinton broth. In study of animal model, firstly the bacteria were inoculated with a concentration of (5×105 CFU/ml) to the wound site on rats. After 24 hours, ointments were prepared based on MBC concentration from extracts of mentioned plants for 1g of silver sulfadiazine and was used to treatment.Results: In studies conducted on rats, it was found that ethanolic and acetonic extracts of Urtica dioica, as well as the acetonic extract of Portulaca oleracea had more antimicrobial and healing effect on Staphylococcus aureus. But in the wound treated with ethanolic and acetonic extract of Stachys schtschegleevii, bleeding was seen. Conclusions: Ethanolic and acetonic extracts of Urtica dioica and the acetonic extract of Portulaca oleracea had more antimicrobial and restoration effects on burn wound infection. Ethanolic and acetonic extract of Urtica dioica had better healing effects than acetonic extract of Portulaca oleracea. As a result, extract of Urtica dioica could be used in preparation of burn ointments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - AllegoricalStoriesinMasnaviGods Mercy
Mah NazariRumi issometimesseen asameans ofGod's mercy.Sometimesrefers to the manifestation of the mercy of God in creation, creatures, how not science, can be created.God's mercy is for all creatures. What is the religion of no religion and what they are good or bad? For thegrace MoreRumi issometimesseen asameans ofGod's mercy.Sometimesrefers to the manifestation of the mercy of God in creation, creatures, how not science, can be created.God's mercy is for all creatures. What is the religion of no religion and what they are good or bad? For thegraceof God,there is nonon-stop. Masnavi is the mercy of God, or general or specific, a special grace of God, the prophets and saints to be good humans. Is Godmercy in all time, including the specific people? Is God's mercyalsoisgeneral public? According toRumi, is the adsorption and desorption of mercy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Comparing the Perfect Man in Imam Khomeini’s and Shāh Ni’matullāh-e-Vali’s Viewpoint
Darush Zahedimoghaddam alireza fahim Mohsen Fahim Khalil Bahrami GhasrchamiHaving always been asked of human beings, the three main questions are the question of God, human, and existence. In the meantime, taking care of human beings, and being aware of them is very important. To the extent that the call to know the man as a complex creature h MoreHaving always been asked of human beings, the three main questions are the question of God, human, and existence. In the meantime, taking care of human beings, and being aware of them is very important. To the extent that the call to know the man as a complex creature has been one of the main teachings of many philosophical, mystical, and religious schools. In our religious teachings, human cognition is considered to be the most useful cognition. Anthropology is one of the most important divine and human sciences that has a great impact in the field of human and religious education and is significant. Anthropology has philosophical, religious, scientific, mystical, and moral types. Mystical anthropology is the acquisition of knowledge about human truth through inner experiences in which human beings are studied and discussed through intuition and face-to-face knowledge. This type of anthropology introduces the perfect man and also discusses how a man achieves perfection and uses a mystical path to discover knowledge about man and his position and status in the system of existence. The history of anthropology from the point of view of heavenly laws such as Islam dates back to the beginning of human creation. From the very beginning of creation, man has been tasked with knowing his truth, his capacities, his abilities, and his happiness and perfection. The reason for all this attention to human knowledge is that according to Islam, man has been chosen as the caliph and successor of God on earth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Manifestation of Velayat in God’s Substitution from Imam Khomeini’s Mystical Viewpoint
Salamullah Kazemkhani Khosrow ZafarnavaeAccording to the mystical attitude, a perfect man is the overall reflection of the Almighty and is an evidence for a perfect creature who manifests the willing of the inner, attributive, and active intuition of God, and in fact it manifests the divine attributes and qua MoreAccording to the mystical attitude, a perfect man is the overall reflection of the Almighty and is an evidence for a perfect creature who manifests the willing of the inner, attributive, and active intuition of God, and in fact it manifests the divine attributes and qualities.That is why it implies that a perfect man is literally analogous to the divinity of God, in a sense and concept that though it is not God and lacks the dignity and power of God, due to the divine role as a substitution of God on earth, he possesses pure outstanding positions that makes him entitled to be called the decent substitution of God in the universe.This paper is based on the assumption that from Imam Khomeini’s standpoint, one can comprehend and extract an allegorical divinity for a perfect man in the world through which the perfect man can deal with the worldly affairs. Accordingly, to arrive at this point, it is necessary at first to have a discussion of the matter briefly from the standpoints of mystics and Islamic intellectuals and then present and explain Imam Khomeini’s thoughts respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - نقش جنبش آفریقای آینده نگر بر صدا و هویت در آثار نویسندگان زن رنگین پوست
Zahra Hashemi Hossan Shahabi Mehry Haddad Narafshanدر طول تاریخ زنان سیاهپوست بی عدالتی‌های اجتماعی زیادی شامل نژادپرستی، تبعیض جنسی یا نابرابری جنسی را تجربه کرده‌اند. زن‌باوری آفریقایی یک ایدئولوژی است که برای همه زنان آفریقایی تبار ایجاد و طراحی شده است و به عنوان مجموعه‌ای از جنبش‌های سیاسی، ایدئولوژی‌ها و جنبش‌های Moreدر طول تاریخ زنان سیاهپوست بی عدالتی‌های اجتماعی زیادی شامل نژادپرستی، تبعیض جنسی یا نابرابری جنسی را تجربه کرده‌اند. زن‌باوری آفریقایی یک ایدئولوژی است که برای همه زنان آفریقایی تبار ایجاد و طراحی شده است و به عنوان مجموعه‌ای از جنبش‌های سیاسی، ایدئولوژی‌ها و جنبش‌های اجتماعی ظهور پیدا کرده است که مبتنی بر یک هدف مشترک می باشند: تعریف، ایجاد و دستیابی به برابری سیاسی، اقتصادی، شخصی و اجتماعی برای هر دو جنسیت. این نهضت در فرهنگ آفریقایی پایه‌گذاری شده است و متمرکز بر تجارب، تلاش‌ها، نیازها و مطالبات منحصر به فرد زنان آفریقایی است. زن‌باوری آفریقایی نه تنها موفق شده است که به همه انواع هنرها وارد شود، بلکه بستری در اختیار نویسندگان زن سیاه پوست قرار داده است که در آرزوی این هستند که ضمن بازگشت به هویت از دست رفته خودشان، به عنوان بخشی از گذشته، حال و آینده‌ی فرهنگ غنی خود شناخته شوند. رمان‌نویسان زن سیاهپوست معاصر از ژانرهایی نظیر جنبش آفروفیتوریسم و پان‌آفریقا به عنوان چتری برای پوشش زن‌باوری و فمینیسم سیاه‌پوستان استفاده کردند تا تنگنای زن آفریقایی و چگونگی تلاش او برای غلبه بر مشکلات خود را نشان دهند. این مطالعه نقش آفروفیتوریسم، پان‌آفریقا و زن باوری آفریقایی در احیای زنیت سیاه‌پوستان را از دیدگاه دو نویسنده زن سیاهپوست با دو رویکرد متفاوت مورد بررسی قرار می‌دهد که راهکارهای بدیعی را در دستیابی قهرمانانشان به قدرت، صدا، بقا و پذیرش هویت‌ها و نقش‌های جایگزین به تصویر می‌کشند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Effect of extracellular fluid of Trichoderma and Talaromyces flavus isolates against Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici causal agent of wheat take-all disease
Leila Ghanbari Sedigheh Mohammadi Laleh NaraghiWheat take-all, caused by Gaemannomyces graminis var. tritici,has been observed in recent years in different areas of Iran. In this study, in order to investigate the possibility of biological control of pathogen, seven isolates Trichoderma include T. harzianum S, T. ha MoreWheat take-all, caused by Gaemannomyces graminis var. tritici,has been observed in recent years in different areas of Iran. In this study, in order to investigate the possibility of biological control of pathogen, seven isolates Trichoderma include T. harzianum S, T. harzianum A, T. harzianum M, T. koningi, T. longibrachiatum and T. virens and four isolates of Talaromyces include Talaromyces flavus 134, Talaromyces flavus 136, Talaromyces flavus 75 and Talaromyces flavus 60 used against the pathogen by extracellular fluid method in vitro condition. The experiment was arranged as randomized complete design with 3 replication. The effect of extracellular fluid of antagonistic isolates on mycelia growth of Ggt indicated that the extracellular fluid of Talaromyces flavus 136، T. harzianumand T. harzianum S isolates the rate of 5 ml after 72 hours of rate (41/51, 40/88 and 37/73 %) and T. longibrachiatum isolate at rate of 10 ml at two times of measurement (52/83 and 52/38%) had the most inhibition effect on the growth of pathogen. This study has been the first study related to biological control of wheat take-all by T. flavus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Cassida palaestina (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a new record for the chrysomelid fauna of Iran
Hossein Moradian Hadi Ostovan Mostafa HaghaniSamples of the tortoise beetles genus Cassida were collected on Centaurea behen L. across Gachsaran district during a 2-year period between 2008 and 2009. The beetle was identified as Cassida palaestina Reiche. This species is recorded for the first time from Iran and c MoreSamples of the tortoise beetles genus Cassida were collected on Centaurea behen L. across Gachsaran district during a 2-year period between 2008 and 2009. The beetle was identified as Cassida palaestina Reiche. This species is recorded for the first time from Iran and considered an important natural control agent feeding on weedy herbs such as Centaurea behen L. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Evaluation of genetic diversity in indigenous breeds of Iranian silkworm Bombyx mori using ISSR markers
M. Zarei E. Sanatgar R. Radjabi H. Shouhani M. Ibrahim Ghaleh SeyediISSR molecular marker, in order to isolate the Iranian native Bombyx mori silkworm breeds were used. Extracted DNA by using phenol-chloroform was performed. The qualitative and quantitative measurements of extracted DNA and its dilution, was obtained from the bands on 1 MoreISSR molecular marker, in order to isolate the Iranian native Bombyx mori silkworm breeds were used. Extracted DNA by using phenol-chloroform was performed. The qualitative and quantitative measurements of extracted DNA and its dilution, was obtained from the bands on 1.5% agarose gel and they marked and analyzed. The results showed that the observed bands were between 200-1000 bp and the most bands were observed corresponding to Harati-yellow with 32 bands and Khorasani-lemon had their lowest with 25 bands. Second Primers were the highest number of bands with 43 bands and the fourth primer had the lowest number of bands with 30 bands. Cluster analysis of races, placed them in three main groups. The first groups consisted of Gilani-orange, Harati-yellow and Khorasani-pink, Khorasani-lemon and Baghdadi races placed in seprate groups. In cluster analysis, Gilani-orange showed the most similar to Herati-yellow and this two races with khorasani-pink were the first group. The most genetic similarity were between Gilani-orange and Herati–yellow and the most genetic distance was obtained between Baghdadi and other four races. It is concluded that, ISSR marker can seperate different races of silkworm with different origin very well.there fore to approve the it is suitalle to use more than more than 30 primer for 14 silkworm individuals with 2n= 28 is better. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Functional eggs; Enriched with minerals, vitamins and pigments
dariush khademi shurmastiEgg is considered as natural life supporting essential compounds source which provides nutritious food with biological packaging. Nowadays, due to the increasing level of awareness, the sensory and nutritional quality of eggs is becoming a growing concern for consumers. MoreEgg is considered as natural life supporting essential compounds source which provides nutritious food with biological packaging. Nowadays, due to the increasing level of awareness, the sensory and nutritional quality of eggs is becoming a growing concern for consumers. So, there is a growing demand for eggs with characteristics and effectiveness beyond a common food, including eggs enriched in nutrients such as trace minerals (selenium, iron, zinc, iodin, copper, etc.), vitamins (water and fat soluble), antioxidant compounds (such as carotenoids). The acheivement to this purpose is simply possible and economic through dietary approaches producind the designer eggs, resulting eggs can offer functions above and beyond that they usally provide. Designer eggs provide new and attractive options for consumers who want eggs with different nutritional properties than regular eggs. In this review, an attempt has been made to provide various nutritional approaches in the breeding and management of laying hens for the production of eggs designed, including various forms of mineral and organic supplements containing trace elements, vitamins and pigments, daily requirements and amounts provided by enriched eggs were evaluated for their specific biological role, as well as the toxicity effects of the interaction of some supplements at different levels used. Although it has been found that it is easy to hope for the production of enriched eggs through nutritional approaches, but proving the health claims of these designer eggs in human models requires attention to combine and adapt them in different populations and perform specialized experiments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Apatite Application to Investigate Magmatic Evolution of Zouzan Granites, NE Lut Block
S.A. Mazhari R. Sharifiyan AttarApatite minerals of I-type Zouzan granitoids and typical garnet-bearing S-type granites have been analyzed by electron microprobe to define trace element concentrations and compare them in different granites. Zouzan granites are composed of apatites with lower Fe, Mn, N MoreApatite minerals of I-type Zouzan granitoids and typical garnet-bearing S-type granites have been analyzed by electron microprobe to define trace element concentrations and compare them in different granites. Zouzan granites are composed of apatites with lower Fe, Mn, Na and HREE and higher REE and ∑REE relative to S-type ones. Trace elements abundances of apatite often vary with some parameters of the host rock, especially aluminum saturation index (ASI). Strontium content of apatite is very sensitive to whole-rock composition and binary diagrams of SrO- trace elements could be used to discriminate different granites and realize magmatic evolution in a single phase. The apatite concentration of Fe, Mn, Na and HREE increases during magmatic fractionation in Zouzan pluton, while Sr and REE decreases. The difference of REE concentrations in apatites of mafic and felsic rocks of Zouzan granitoids relates to the coeval or earlier crystallization of amphibole and titanite, respectively. Acicular apatites which are present in granodiorites and mafic microgranular enclaves show exceptionally dissimilar composition in comparison with other apatites in the same sample and host rock geochemistry. Extraordinary high levels of Fe, Mn, LREE, (Sr apatite /Sr bulk-rock )>1 and unusual low HREE indicate that a more mafic magma was involved in magma genesis of Zouzan pluton and confirms magma mixing Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Response of Leaf area index, Chlorophyll Content and Protein Concentration of Sorghum to Application Different Rate of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Vermicompost Affected Water Stress Condition
Seyedeh Zohreh Hashemi Saeed Zakernejad Khoshnaz Payandeh -
Open Access Article
56 - Synthesis and Characterization of 1-(2-Methyl-4-(4-methylbenzoyl)-7-thioxo-5-p-tolylpyrazolo[1,5-f]pyrimidin-1(7H)-yl)propan-2-one
Zülbiye Kökbudak Halime Aslan Zeynep Çimen Senem Akkoç -
Open Access Article
57 - Evaluation of the effect of levetiracetam drug on BSA structure
saba Hadidi -
Open Access Article
58 - The Effectiveness of Sexual Abstinence Training Based on Islamic teachings on Sexual Impulsivity, Attitude Toward Contraception and Attitude Towards Sexually Transmitted Diseases among Female Students
Mohammad Soltanizadeh shadi jaziniSexual abstinence training plays an important role in preventing high-risk sexual behaviors. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of sexual abstinence training based on islamic teachings on sexual impulsivity, attitude towards contraception and a MoreSexual abstinence training plays an important role in preventing high-risk sexual behaviors. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of sexual abstinence training based on islamic teachings on sexual impulsivity, attitude towards contraception and attitude towards sexually transmitted diseases among female students. The present study was a quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the study included single female students in Isfahan in the academic year 2018-2019. In this study, 30 single girls were selected with informed and voluntary consent and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The girls in the experimental group received sexual abstinence training for 8 weeks in 8 sessions of 90 minutes as a group. The questionnaires used in this study included the Reid's Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (2011), Attitudes Towards Contraception Questionnaire Mirzaei Alavijeh et al (2011) and Attitude Towards Sexually Transmitted Diseases Questionnaire, Farazmand (2016). The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that sexual abstinence training based on Islamic teachings had a significant effect on sexual impulsivity, attitudes toward contraception and attitudes toward sexually transmitted diseases in female students (P <0.01). In this way, this training has been able to reduce sexual impulsivity and increase awareness and attitudes toward contraception and sexually transmitted diseases. According to the results of the study, sexual abstinence training based on Islamic teachings can be used as an effective intervention method to reduce sexual impulsivity and increase awareness and attitude towards contraception and sexually transmitted diseases in single girls. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - The effect of Managers' spiritual intelligence on the performance of public organizations employees
Vahideh Asharlous Esmaeil Dadashi KhassBackground: Spiritual intelligence has been emphasized implicitly in Islam. Recognizing the Spiritual models and setting the employee behavior based on them is the main point of Spiritual Intelligence. In work environment of public organizations, a new paradigm of spiri MoreBackground: Spiritual intelligence has been emphasized implicitly in Islam. Recognizing the Spiritual models and setting the employee behavior based on them is the main point of Spiritual Intelligence. In work environment of public organizations, a new paradigm of spirituality and spiritual growth and maturity has emerged out. When the ethical issues are unresolved, their Spiritual growth is prevented. Purpose: Spirituality can be reflected as a form of Intelligence. The Spiritual Intelligence combines the outer aspects of Intelligence with the inner aspects of Spirituality. The Spiritual Intelligence is a new issue which there are little theoretical materials and research and empirical finding about. This article is involved with measuring the Spiritual Intelligence of managers on which the ability of human to answer the serious question about the meaningfulness of life and the relationship of inner mind life with outer life is based and it reveals new aspect of organization activity which never consider people as tools but respects them and treat them kindly and respectfully and through that, the moral, scientific and social abilities of the employees are directed to were success and prosperity. Method: The data in this research were gathered through questionnaire and were analyzed by using the social science analysis software. Result(s): The results showed that the Spiritual Intelligence of managers has a remarkable effect on the employee performance and the meaning component have the greatest effect and the components of consciousness, grace and transcendence are in the later ranks, and at last the truth of the managers action has the least effect on the employee performance and also a new result was obtained about the new concept of Spiritual Intelligence as a solution to strengthen the employee performance in the public organizations in country. Conclusion: The Spiritual Intelligence has entered the other fields of humanities including management, not only in the individual fields but also in the psychological ones. The increasing researches in Spirituality have indicated the remarkable effect of it in the individual and organization performance. Also, the evidence indicate that the spiritual exercises, increase the awareness and knowledge to new multiple level of Intelligence and have a positive effect on the performance of people to look at it as directing light to achieve the job and life goals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - The Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Nutrient Concentrations in Ohadi (Fandoghi) and Kalleghouchi Pistachio Seedlings in Kerman Region
Hojjat Safari Kamal Abadi -
Open Access Article
61 - Pathogenic variability of Didymella rabiei, the agent of ascochyta blight of chickpea in Kermanshah province
Elahe Paymard Mohammad Torabi Dariush ShahriariBlight disease of chickpea caused by Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab.is one of the most important chickpea diseases in the world and Iran, which causes huge damages to chickpea farm in the suitable climatic conditions. Study of genetic diversity and various races exist in MoreBlight disease of chickpea caused by Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab.is one of the most important chickpea diseases in the world and Iran, which causes huge damages to chickpea farm in the suitable climatic conditions. Study of genetic diversity and various races exist in the different regions would be necessary for resistant cultivars development. In this research physiological races of 28 isolates of A. rabiei which were collected and purified from five region of Kermanshah province during 2012-2013 were determined using seven differential chickpea cultivars (ILC-202, ILC-1929, ILC-5928, ICC-3996, ILC-194, ILC-1929 and ILC-72). All isolates were classified in six physiological races. Among the all isolates, seven isolates (25%) belonged to race 1, Five isolates (17.8%) belonged to race 2, Seven isolates (25%) belonged to race 3, Four isolates (14.4%) belonged to race 4, two isolates (7.2%) belonged to race 5 and three isolates (10.6%) belonged to race 6. Races 1, 2, 3 and 4 with 23 isolates (82.1%) were occurred in all areas of the province while race 6 with high virulence was detected only in one area (Sararood). Investigation of the morphological traits of isolates on CSA (Chickpea sucrose Agar), showed differences in view of diameter, color and form of colony, pycnidium density and pycnidium size among the isolates, but there was not any difference in term of pycnidiospore size. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Evaluation of Steel Braced Frames under Vertical and Horizontal Components of Near Field Earthquake
علی گل افشار متین روشنی محمد حسین ثقفیIn the common practice design of structures, Often the effect of vertical component of earthquake is ignored, but this component is important parameter especially in near field Earthquakes. The objective of this paper is study the effect of vertical and horizontal compo MoreIn the common practice design of structures, Often the effect of vertical component of earthquake is ignored, but this component is important parameter especially in near field Earthquakes. The objective of this paper is study the effect of vertical and horizontal component of earthquake ground motion in steel braced frames. First verification of numerical models through finite element software package (ABAQUS) is carried out. Comparison of the result of load displacement curve for numerical and experimental model shows matching result. After this, two concentrically braced frames with X-configuration are selected from previous researches. Four earthquake records have been used for this study. Kobe, Northridge, Tabas and Imperial Valley. Two components of earthquake are applied simultaneously to frames under nonlinear time history analysis. The results that extract from the analysis content of vertical and horizontal displacement of roof and plastic dissipated energy during earthquakes. the intensity of the former parameters is depend of earthquake intensity and frequency content of them. Assessing the result reveal that in the three story frame, the ratio of maximum vertical displacement to maximum horizontal displacement is crucial parameter with respect to seven story braced frame. Also the time of plastic energy dissipated for frames is short because of nature of near field earthquake. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Typology and Analysis of Characene Coins in the Ancient Iranian Museum
Bita Sodaei Abotaleb MoghassemNumismatic studies have an important role in reconstructing the history and culture of governments, which can be an accurate source of information about the past, and with their help illuminate a dark and forgotten part of history. Alexander the Macedonian established C MoreNumismatic studies have an important role in reconstructing the history and culture of governments, which can be an accurate source of information about the past, and with their help illuminate a dark and forgotten part of history. Alexander the Macedonian established Characene in 324 BC, for commercial purposes at the bank of Arvand River. The Seleucid kings ruled this city until 127 BC. Until Hyspaosines founded a local government in this region in 125 BC. Historical sources give researchers a little information about the local kings of Characene. Therefore, identifying and studying Characene coins in museums can significantly contribute to elucidating historical events during this period and fill the existing research gaps to some extent. This study aims to introduce the Characene coins of the National Museum of Iran and to examine historical events through the coin. In this research, field and documentary methods with a historical approach have been used. The results show that the Characene coins in the National Museum of Iran belong to the kings Hyspaosines, Mithradates II, and Attambelos Kings. Historical and numismatic studies show that these kings had trade relations with the Arab regions of the Persian Gulf from the period of Hyspaosines to Attambelos VI, which politically, these local rulers played the role of negative balance in the region. However, from the period of Pacorus II (AD 131), the administration of this region was entrusted to the Parthian princes and in this way limited the power of local rulers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Report on the Discovery of Possible Lower Paleolithic Evidence on the Terraces of the Simineroud River
Rahmat NaderiThe area around Lake Urmia is one of the most important areas in the archaeological studies of Iran. The existence of archaeological sites from the Paleolithic period to the late period shows the attention of humans to this area, and suitable environmental conditions ca MoreThe area around Lake Urmia is one of the most important areas in the archaeological studies of Iran. The existence of archaeological sites from the Paleolithic period to the late period shows the attention of humans to this area, and suitable environmental conditions can be considered as the reason for this tendency to settle in this area. In the past few years, several Lower paleolithic sites were discovered in this geographical zone during various and scattered surveys. These areas, which are deliberately located in the south of the lake and on the terraces of the rivers in this area, illustrate the existence of settlements from the Lower Paleolithic period and the Acheulean tool making industry. According to the technology used to make the artefacts and the typology of the pieces, the Shahrikand area can be related to the Lower Paleolithic period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Environmental Investigation of Ancient Bones Basis on the Amount of Lead (Case study: Gohar Tepe)
Parastoo Masjedi Khak Mostafa Khazaei Kouhpar Farhang Khademi Nadoushan Mahdi Sabzali Alireza Goudarzi GoudarziLead is a microelement naturally present in trace amount in all biological materials, in soil, water, plants and animals. It has no physiological function in the organism. The main source of lead contamination are smelting works, application of wastewater treatment slud MoreLead is a microelement naturally present in trace amount in all biological materials, in soil, water, plants and animals. It has no physiological function in the organism. The main source of lead contamination are smelting works, application of wastewater treatment sludge’s to soil, transportation, rain, snow, hail and other. Lead enters the organism with food and air and tends to accumulate more in hard tissue than in soft tissue. Bone lead levels increase with age at rates dependent on the skeletal site and lead. In this research we analyzed teeth samples of 9 humans of Bronze Age from Gohar Tepe in north of Iran. These samples were analyzed for Lead by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry to establish levels of this element in area. Our objective is to find out if Lead can prevent forming a settlement in site. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Some Suggestions on Urartian Inscription of Tul-e Talesh Bracelet
Maryam DaraUrartians expanded their kingdom in the area between Lakes Sevan, Van and Urmia for about three centuries from 9th century B.C. The bronze bracelet with Urartian inscription from Tul-e Talesh has been studied by the scholars as a proof of Urartian border expansion and t MoreUrartians expanded their kingdom in the area between Lakes Sevan, Van and Urmia for about three centuries from 9th century B.C. The bronze bracelet with Urartian inscription from Tul-e Talesh has been studied by the scholars as a proof of Urartian border expansion and their effects on the region or even as a looted object. This inscription is known to belong to Argišti I or Sarduri II. But the solder in the bracelet has been the cause of arguments and also distractions from other details. The inscription was written with two sorts of epigraphy and with no sufficient attention. Therefore the era when this inscription was written is hard to be determined. The inscription contains only two words as mar-giš-ti and uš-tú-ú. The second part is incomplete and could be uš-tú-ú-ni or uš-tú-ú-ri or uš-tú-ú-li. The author of this paper suggests that it was possible for this object to be moved from one site to another as an ancient tradition. It is also possible that the inscription was cut from another longer inscription and was made into a bracelet with adornments. The words in the beginning and the end of the inscription are incomplete and it is also possible that the metalworker cut the word Argišti for any reason and used another part (ni-še uš-tú-ú) with no attention or knowledge of Urartian grammar. Therefore, the translation is useless as there are two words of “Argišti” and “dedicate”. “ḫi” as a paternal sign could have possibly been hidden under the solder as well. The poor epigraphy of the inscription is the reason for the author not to accept the idea of the bracelet as a temple dedication. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - The effect of green silver nanoparticles on spinach (Spinacia oleracea) seed germination under salt stress
Amin Ali Naghi Zadeh Mehrnaz Mahmoudi Zarandi Sayed Mohammad Reza Khoshroo Fatemeh Hasan ZadehSalinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses for plants and its adverse effects on different stages of plant growth and yield have been reported. Salinity can reduce seed germination as the most sensitive stage of plant growth. The use of silver nanoparticles MoreSalinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses for plants and its adverse effects on different stages of plant growth and yield have been reported. Salinity can reduce seed germination as the most sensitive stage of plant growth. The use of silver nanoparticles has been suggested to improve the germination of some plants in salinity conditions. On the other hand, consuming spinach is highly recommended due to its high nutritional value. In this study, aloe vera extract was used for synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Then, the effects of salinity on seed germination of spinach and the role of silver nanoparticles on seed germination indices in this plant were investigated. The formation of silver nitrate nanoparticles was investigated using a spectrophotometer, XRD analysis, and electron microscopy. Spherical nanoparticles, with an average size of 11.97 nm to 29.46 nm were observed. Treatments in a completely randomized design with three replications of green silver nanoparticles at concentrations of 10, 20, 40, 80 and 100 ppm and salinity at four levels of 0, 50, 100 and 150 mM on spinach seed germination process were investigated . The results showed that the germination process under salinity conditions decreased significantly compared to the control group. Treatment of 40 ppm concentration of silver nanoparticles for different levels of salinity had a significantly increased effect on germination indices at 1% level . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - The New Design and Simulation of an Optical Add Drop Filter Based On Hexagonal Photonic Crystal Single Ring Race Track Resonator
ابولفضل عباسپور حامد علیپور بنایی علیرضا عندلیب -
Open Access Article
69 - Evaluating Response Modification Factors of Concentrically Braced and Special Moment Steel Frames in Duplex Buildings
Leila Kalani Sarokolayi Sirous Gholampour dehkordib Masoud Shafaghati sefidabc -
Open Access Article
70 - Effect of column-foundation connection stiffness on seismic performance of rocking steel braced frame
Masoumeh Farshbaf Abdolreza S. Moghadam -
Open Access Article
71 - Comparison and Classification of Lentil (Lens culinaris) Landraces under Drought Stress Conditions after Flowering
V. Rashidi S. Chalabi Yani M. Sharifi N. EffatdustIn order to compare and classify of 15Iranian lentil landraces under drought stress conditions after flowering, an experiment was carried out in split plot lay out based on randomized complete block design with four replications. It was performed at the Agricultural Res MoreIn order to compare and classify of 15Iranian lentil landraces under drought stress conditions after flowering, an experiment was carried out in split plot lay out based on randomized complete block design with four replications. It was performed at the Agricultural Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, during the cropping year of 2011. The primary factor consisted of drought stress treatments at 2 levels (non stress and stress after flowering) and secondary factor of 15 lentil landraces. Analysis of variance indicated remarkable diversities among the landraces under study and significant differences for interaction of genotype by drought stress levels were obtained for most of the traits measured. Grain yield and number of grains per plant were highly influenced by drought stress. Mean comparisons also showed significant variations among the landraces for number of pods per plant, number of grains per plant, 100- grain weight, hecto liter weight, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index. Drought stress also reduced of plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, 100- seeds weight, hectoliter weight, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index of the lentil landraces under study. Correlation coefficients revealed that, number of seeds per plant and harvest index had significant and positive effect on seed yield under drought stress. Cluster analysis, based on the traits studied, divided the landraces into three groups. In this classification, the landraces of Kaleybar, Garadagh, Kharvana, Horand Danehriz and Shomale Varzegan were distinguished as superior landraces under drought conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - بررسی امکان خوانش متون ادبی از دیدگاه جامعه شناسی زبان: کاربرد الگو در خوانش آثار منتخب آلیس واکر
Laleh Masiha بهرنگ ترابیمقاله حاضر حاصل کوششی است درمسسیر روشنگری نقش پرارج نژاد، طبقه و جنسیت ونیز تبعیض نژادی و طبقاتی در حیات اجتماعی زنان سیاهپوست امریکایی از دیدگاه یکی از برجسته ترین نویسندگان معاصر سیاهپوست زن امریکایی: آلیس واکر. شیوۀ باز نمایی آن عوامل اجتماعی – فرهنگی، عمق تاثی Moreمقاله حاضر حاصل کوششی است درمسسیر روشنگری نقش پرارج نژاد، طبقه و جنسیت ونیز تبعیض نژادی و طبقاتی در حیات اجتماعی زنان سیاهپوست امریکایی از دیدگاه یکی از برجسته ترین نویسندگان معاصر سیاهپوست زن امریکایی: آلیس واکر. شیوۀ باز نمایی آن عوامل اجتماعی – فرهنگی، عمق تاثیر آنها و تبعات اجتماعی – فرهنگی و روان شناختی آن عوامل در زندگی فردی، خانوادگی واجتماعی زنان سیاهپوست امریکایی در آثار منتخب آلیس واکر مورد تحلیل و بررسی قرار گرفته اند. از آثار مهم آلیس واکر، داستانهای کوتاه " کاربرد روزمره " Everyday Use و "رز لیلی" Roselily از دید گاه زبانشناسی کاربردی ، بطور کامل مورد تجزیه وتحلیل بوده اند. سایر داستانهای کوتاه او نیز برای روشنگری و تو ضیح بیشتروعمیقتر مطلب مورد مراجعه و استناد قرار گرفته اند. روش کاربسته در مقاله حاضر "روش تحقیق توصیفی " می باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Optimization of mixotrophic culture medium for maximum production of extracellular polysaccharides and bioactive compounds Aliinostoc oryzae cyanobacteria isolated from saline water of Golestan province
بهاره NowruziAbstractThe synthesis of extracellular polysaccharides in microorganisms, especially cyanobacteria, plays a major role in protecting the cell against many stresses in different habitats. In recent years, cyanobacterial strains belonging to the Nostocaceae family are of MoreAbstractThe synthesis of extracellular polysaccharides in microorganisms, especially cyanobacteria, plays a major role in protecting the cell against many stresses in different habitats. In recent years, cyanobacterial strains belonging to the Nostocaceae family are of interest as acceptable sources for polysaccharide production in liquid and solid suspension cultures. Therefore, in this research, the optimization of culture conditions for maximum production of extracellular polysaccharides and bioactive compounds under the influence of mixotrophic environment by filamentous cyanobacteria isolated from salt water has been studied. In the upcoming study, with the aim of investigating the effective factors in optimizing the production of exopolysaccharides and the effect of the mixotrophic environment, the cyanobacterium Aliinostoc oryzae strain was isolated from the salty waters of Golestan province, and after morphological and molecular identification, the amount of polysaccharide produced and its antimicrobial activity was investigated. The findings indicate that the amount of polysaccharide production from cyanobacteria depends on the conditions of the culture environment. The amount of polysaccharide production of cultures grown in nitrate concentration with concentrations of 0.04 and 0.06 g/ml and in light of 150 microns per square meter per second was significantly higher than the control. Antibiogram tests also showed that there was a significant difference in polysaccharide production in the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in nitrate culture. Investigations of the average production of extracellular polysaccharide extraction also showed a significant difference in different culture environments. Extracellular polysaccharide extracted from cyanobacteria has countless uses in the industry, including the pharmaceutical industry, food industry, and agriculture. Therefore, the optimization of the cyanobacterium culture conditions for the maximum production of polysaccharides appears. Since cyanobacterial exopolysaccharides are important from the point of view of biotechnology, it is important to pay attention to many other factors for maximum exopolysaccharide production in this genus of cyanobacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Breeding marine fish in fish farms with emphasis on sea carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus 1758)
Abdollah HaghpanahThis research is aimed at obtaining technology, increasing production and profitability, promoting and diversifying in tropical fish farms, as well as breeding and breeding marine fish far from the sea coast, in order to release the fry into the sea, in order to increas MoreThis research is aimed at obtaining technology, increasing production and profitability, promoting and diversifying in tropical fish farms, as well as breeding and breeding marine fish far from the sea coast, in order to release the fry into the sea, in order to increase productivity and increase the stocks of this fish. The improvement of the living conditions of the fishermen was done. Sea carp breeding was carried out as a single species and in the same density format with 1400 pieces with an average weight of 42.46 ± 0.05 in 3 pools with an area of 0.5 hectares in tropical fish farms. The required fry were supplied from the Voshemgir dam center and released in breeding ponds. From the beginning of the breeding period, they were fed with natural food and farmed carp concentrate at the rate of 5-10% of their body weight. At the end of the breeding period, the average weight of this fish was 722.49 ± 0.10, the average daily growth was 3.44, the value of the food conversion coefficient was 2.30, and its survival rate was 85.83%, which indicates the adaptability of this species to the conditions The climate and breeding farms of this province and its breeding and production in the areas far from the sea shores are single-species and together with tropical fishes. For this reason, breeding of this species in order to increase the production and profitability of the aquaculture industry, as well as its production and reproduction in order to improve the stocks of this species in the sea, it can be suggested to breed it in tropical fish farms in the province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Study of Fluorene Phenanthrene and Anthracene petroleum hydrocarbons in economic fish wetland Anzali
M. Seifzadeh A. Valipour A. khanipourPetroleum hydrocarbons are among the routine chemical pollutants in industrial areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accumulation of petroleum hydrocarbons in six commercial fish species consisting of common Carp, Pike, Caras, Sefid fish, Tinca tinca and Catf MorePetroleum hydrocarbons are among the routine chemical pollutants in industrial areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accumulation of petroleum hydrocarbons in six commercial fish species consisting of common Carp, Pike, Caras, Sefid fish, Tinca tinca and Catfish in stations of Anzali wetland. For this purpose, Anthracene, Fluorene and Phenanthrene PAHs measured by Gas Chromatography with a detector (GC-FID). Ten numbers were studied from each fish type including Catfish, Karas, and Pik from the central and East stations, Carp fish from the west and central stations and Sefid fish from the central station (with any Fluorene contamination). Phenanthrene and Fluorene concentration among the west, east, and central stations showed difference significant (p<0.05). Anthracene was observed in Pike, Catfish, Tinca tinca of the central and east stations, Carp fish of the central station, Sefid fish of the west and east stations and Caras of the central and west stations. Based on the results, Carp fish of east station and Pike fish of the west station in terms of contamination to Fluorene and Carp fish of the east and west stations and pike and Tinca tinca of the west stations were not suitable for human consumption based on the WHO measures. Moreover, according to the the WHO rules (No. 48568, 73338 and 31581), Tinca tinca of the central and west stations, Karas of the west and east stations, Catfish of the west, east and central, Sefid fish of the central stations and Carp fish of the central and east of wetland in terms of contamination to Phenanthrene were found unsuitable for human consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Study on the effects of different cooking methods on concentration of essential elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni) in Cyprinus Carpio
Askary Sary A., Askary Sary A., S. Hosseini Nezhad M. Chelemal Dezfoul Nezhad M. VelayatzadehThis study was performed to evaluate the effect of different cooking methods on the level of iron, copper, zinc, and nickel in the muscle of Cyprinus carpio. For this purpose, 75 samples of fish with different sizes were obtained from Azadegan Aquaculture Center in Ahva MoreThis study was performed to evaluate the effect of different cooking methods on the level of iron, copper, zinc, and nickel in the muscle of Cyprinus carpio. For this purpose, 75 samples of fish with different sizes were obtained from Azadegan Aquaculture Center in Ahvaz. The samples were digested through the wet-digestion method and the concentrations of the essential elements were measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. According to the results, fried and steamed samples had the highest (3.54±0.31 mg/100g wet weight) and lowest (1.64±0.11 mg/100g wet weight) concentration of iron. The highest and lowest concentration of zinc was recorded in the fried (1.74±0.09 mg/100g WW) and steamed (1.24±0.09 mg/100g WW) samples, respectively. In the case of copper, the highest (0.12±0.09 mg/100g WW) and lowest (0.07±0.003 mg/100g WW) concentration were recorded in the micro-waved and steamed specimens, respectively. The results for nickel was determined as 0.023±0.001 mg/100g WW and 0.016±0.0002 mg/100g WW in the fried and grilled fishes Moreover, the highest and the lowest level of essential elements which were recorded among the samples belonged to iron and nickel respectively. In all samples, the level of iron was recorded below the FDA limit. In addition, in all samples, the level of nickel, zinc, and copper was estimated below the maximum acceptable limit of WHO, MAFF, NHMRC, and FAO. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Study on the effects of ethanolic extract of broccoli on oxidative stress induced by acetaminophen in rat kidney
Hossein Jeddi داریوش مهاجریAcetaminophen overdose causes kidney injury. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of ethanolic extract of Brassica oleracea L. var. italica against acetaminophen -induced damage in rat kidney. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 4 MoreAcetaminophen overdose causes kidney injury. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of ethanolic extract of Brassica oleracea L. var. italica against acetaminophen -induced damage in rat kidney. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups of 8 animals each. Groups I (control) and II received intraperitoneal injections of normal saline (10 ml/kg) and ethanolic extract of broccoli (200 mg/kg) every other day for 14 days. Group Ш received a single intraperitoneal injection of acetaminophen (750 mg/kg). Group IV received ethanolic extract of broccoli similar to group Ш after administration of a single intraperitoneal injection of acetaminophen (750 mg/kg). At the end of experiment, serum levels of urea, uric acid and creatinine were assessed. Moreover, histopathological observations were also conducted to assess the degree of renal tissue injury. Product of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were assayed in kidney homogenates. In acetaminophen-treated rats, ethanolic extract of broccoli significantly decreased serum urea, uric acid and creatinine and renal tissue peroxidation levels and elevated the values of anti-oxidants. Histopathologically, ethanolic extract of broccoli ameliorated acetaminophen-induced kidney injury. The results of this study indicated that ethanolic extract of broccoli exerts a protective effect against acetaminophen induced renotoxicity in rats which might be related to its anti-oxidant potential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - The status of oxidative stress and some trace elements, hematological and serum biochemical indices in dairy cows with left displacement of the abomasum
Kambiz Kiani Monfared Gholam Reza Mohammadi Seyed alireza Taghavi razavizadeh Mohammad HeidarpourLeft displacement of the abomasum (LDA) is one of the most important production disorders. In order to compare the status of some hematological and serum biochemical indices, trace elements and oxidative stress of cows with and without LDA, blood samples were taken from MoreLeft displacement of the abomasum (LDA) is one of the most important production disorders. In order to compare the status of some hematological and serum biochemical indices, trace elements and oxidative stress of cows with and without LDA, blood samples were taken from 30 dairy cows with LDA and 30 healthy cows in early lactation period. Haematological parameters, total protein, fibrinogen, Ca, Mg, bilirubin, uric acid, albumin, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, creatinine and AST (Aspartate aminotransferase), ALP (Alkaline phosphatase), GGT (Gamma- glutamyl transferase), CPK (Creatine phosphokinase) enzymes, Fe, Zn, Cu, Se, MDA and total antioxidant status were measured. Although the results showed significant differences in PCV, RBC, MCHC, lymphocyte, monocyte, fibrinogen, bilirubin, albumin, cholesterol, calcium, uric acid, AST and ALP enzymes between the two groups (p<0.05), but the occurrence of oxidative stress and changes in the levels of trace elements were not significant between the LDA affected and healthy cows. In LDA affected cattle, significant increase of PCV might be due to dehydration while increasing of monocyte and decreasing of lymphocyte counts could also be due to stressful condition or probable infections in early lactation. Anorexia, food deprivation and withdrawal of calcium from milk in early lactation may play a role in decreasing of albumin, cholesterol and calcium. Liver lipidosis and fasting along with biliary duct obstruction may be effective on increasing AST activity and bilirubin respectively in cows with LDA. It seems that early diagnosis and treatment of LDA can prevent the occurrence of sever changes in oxidative stress status and homeostasis of cow’s body. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - The relationship between vitamin A, E, and some trace minerals and poor growth in replacement heifers
علی Sadeghi-nasab بهرام Dadmehr S.M Zolhavarieh علی Hassanpour A.A BahariOne of the most important principles of cattle breeding is rearing and feeding of replacement calves. In this clinical survey three groups, consisting of 12-13 months old heifers, inseminated heifers up to 45 days of gestation and 4-5 months pregnant heifers suffering f MoreOne of the most important principles of cattle breeding is rearing and feeding of replacement calves. In this clinical survey three groups, consisting of 12-13 months old heifers, inseminated heifers up to 45 days of gestation and 4-5 months pregnant heifers suffering from nutritional problems which exhibited clinical signs of decreased growth rate, general debility, poor coat growth and discoloration and infertility were selected for pooled blood sampling and analysis of vitamin A, E and selenium, copper, zinc and manganese values. There was clear deficiency of vitamin E and manganese while selenium deficiency was slight correlating with clinical signs. It is suspected that improper and mouldy feeds presented to these non-lactating groups resulted in primary and secondary deficiencies of mentioned elements and finally have led to poor growth rate and fertility insufficiency in affected animals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - the role of building information modeling ( BMI ) in the design process to reduce energy consumption
Marjan Asadian Shahriyar Shaghagi Seyyed Yashar BahavarniyaThe Role of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in the Design Process to Reduce Energy ConsumptionAbstractCurrently, the issue of sustainable urban development and reduction of energy consumption is one of the most important and common issues at the global and internati MoreThe Role of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in the Design Process to Reduce Energy ConsumptionAbstractCurrently, the issue of sustainable urban development and reduction of energy consumption is one of the most important and common issues at the global and international levels. It includes different social, economic, and environmental dimensions. Addressing the issue of housing, which is the most important urban element, is crucial in sustainable urban development since housing development affects the economy, culture, and social issues in addition to the environment. In the present study, a library method was used to collect the desired information, and a descriptive method (case example) was used to achieve the final goal of the study, which is to propose a sustainable building with reduced energy consumption in the Saadat Abad area of Tehran using the building information modeling method. First, the necessary information was collected by reviewing various studies and the design work began based on these studies and the use of architectural design methods. Then, based on Iran’s construction rules and regulations, and requirements, a basic plan was obtained and this plan was modeled in Revit Architecture software. Design Builder software was used to measure the degree of closeness to the principles of sustainability in architecture. Considering the dimension of time in the design causes the skylight and the terrace of the building can be converted into a greenhouse in the cold seasons of the year. In the hot seasons of the year, the skylight has only the role of the skylight of the building, and it naturally causes the ventilation of different parts of the building due to the suction. The terrace of the building has only the role of a semi-open space that casts a shadow on the related interior parts. Therefore, this method can be a suggestion for improving the quality of using natural energy, especially sunlight, in buildings to optimize fuel consumption.. It includes different social, economic, and environmental dimensions. Addressing the issue of housing, which is the most important urban element, is crucial in sustainable urban development since housing development affects the economy, culture, and social issues in addition to the environment. In the present study, a library method was used to collect the desired information, and a descriptive method (case example) was used to achieve the final goal of the study, which is to propose a sustainable building with reduced energy consumption in the Saadat Abad area of Tehran using the building information modeling method. Design Builder software was used to measure the degree of closeness to the principles of sustainability in architecture. Considering the dimension of time in the design causes the skylight and the terrace of the building can be converted into a greenhouse in the cold seasons of the year. In the hot seasons of the year, the skylight has only the role of the skylight of the building, and it naturally causes the ventilation of different parts of the building due to the suction. The terrace of the building has only the role of a semi-open space that casts a shadow on the related interior parts. Therefore, this method can be a suggestion for improving the quality of using natural energy, especially sunlight, in buildings to optimize fuel consumption.Keywords: Energy consumption, Building informationmodeling, Sustainable development, Skylight, Terrace Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - The effect of corrective exercises on knee position and static and dynamic balance of student athletes with braced knee
Mohammad KhodaverdizadehThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of corrective exercises on knee position and static and dynamic balance of student athletes with braced knees. The present study is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of corrective exercises on knee position and static and dynamic balance of student athletes with braced knees. The present study is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population consisted of male high school students in Mashhad in the academic year 1399-1400. Among them, 30 people with first or second degree braces (up to 2.5 cm first degree and 2.5 to 5 cm second degree) were selected and randomly divided into two groups of 15 experimental and control Were. Knee distance, static balance and dynamic balance were measured by caliper, stork and Y balance tests, respectively. The subjects in the experimental group practiced for 12 weeks, 3 sessions per week and 60 minutes in each session. For statistical analysis of the data, combined analysis of variance was used with the help of SPSS22 statistical software. The results showed that after the training period, there was a significant decrease in the distance between the knees and a significant increase in static and dynamic balance. Anterior direction, internal posterior and external posterior were seen. According to the results, it can be acknowledged that the corrective exercises performed in the form of training protocol presented in the present study, improve the braced knee, and the balance of students with braced knee. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - A review on soil erosion and sediment fingerprinting studies
kazem nosrati Mostafa AminiSuspended sediments originated from nonpoint sources in the fluvial and the catchment which they are different on spatial and temporal scales. Fingerprinting of sediment process focus on methods that researchers able to discriminate sediment sources using composite and MoreSuspended sediments originated from nonpoint sources in the fluvial and the catchment which they are different on spatial and temporal scales. Fingerprinting of sediment process focus on methods that researchers able to discriminate sediment sources using composite and extracted samples from river and basin. Interesting to this method has been increased as a erosion and sediment technique, as well as tools for completing of old method of water erosion with regarding to identifying of sediment sources, sediment delivery in the river at various spatial and temporal scale and estimation of soil erosion using existing tracers in the soil and sediment. This research emphasis on the used techniques and methods, mixing model and utilities of various tracers in the erosion and sediment studies focusing on sediment fingerprinting in the world and Iran in order to reviewing of performed studies researchers able to be familiar with existing models, tracers and new technologies and find track of soil and sediment studies focusing on fingerprinting. Result of review showed that cohesive studies of soil and sediment with regarding to new methodology started since 60th decade and studies have been performed in large, medium and small scale basin, hillslope, plot and experimental scale with techniques such as radionuclide decay, earth rare element, magnetic properties of soils, other tracers and fingerprinting. This research reviews and introduces erosion and sediment models, fingerprinting models, existing tracers and sampling methods and new soil and sediment technologies of Iran (patents). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Flora life form and chorology of Plants in Dezli area, Kurdistan Province, Iran
Reza Omidipour Aydin Faraji Mohabat NadafThe study of the flora of each region important in the management and development of natural resources and the list of plants represents of vegetation cover and environment condition. The present study was carried out in Dezli region in Sarvabad county of Kurdistan prov MoreThe study of the flora of each region important in the management and development of natural resources and the list of plants represents of vegetation cover and environment condition. The present study was carried out in Dezli region in Sarvabad county of Kurdistan province with a total area of 12493.97 ha and mean annual precipitation (30 years) of this area was 804 mm. In order to introduce the flora of the area, field survey was used and plant species were collected and identified based on available Flora Life form and chorology of plant species were also determined. The results showed 113 species in 90 genera and 31 species in the region. The most important families were, Asteraceae (18 species and 17 genera), Poaceae (19 species and 15 genera) and Apiaceae (10 species and 9 genera). Life forms of plant species included, hemicritophytosis 47%, tetrophytes 30%, cryptophytes 12%, chamaephytes 7% and phanerophytes 4%. The high percentage of hemicritopathitis species indicated that the area had Cold mountainous area. The highest. Proportion of chorotypes belonged to Irano-touranian elements (67%). Also, 13% of the species had a European-Siberian pattern, as well as Mediterranean, 5% cosmopolitan were 12% and 5%, respectively, and 3% was endemic species of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Ethnobotanical investigation of medicinal plants of Glenrod watershed in Noor city
khadige mahdavi Maryam Kavianpoor Maedeh Yousefian mohammad mahdaviEthnobotany studies the relationship between people and plants, focusing on the local traditional knowledge in each region. The aim of this study is to investigate the ethnobotanical medicinal plants of the local people of Glendrood watershed in Noor city. At first, the MoreEthnobotany studies the relationship between people and plants, focusing on the local traditional knowledge in each region. The aim of this study is to investigate the ethnobotanical medicinal plants of the local people of Glendrood watershed in Noor city. At first, the information of local people about medicinal plants was collected by using a questionnaire and noted in the forms. In this region, 30 important medicinal species were identified by the people. So that the largest number of medicinal and edible plant species in the region belong to the Asteraceae and Labiate families. The use of studied plant species is used to cure colds, useful for the digestive system. The most used parts of these plants are the leaves, and then fruit or seeds. The results obtained from local reports showed that most of the preparation methods of plant species by local people are boiled and brewed and then they are used fresh or powdered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - The interaction effect of sodium chloride and chromium on some physiological characteristics of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.)
Zahra Talebzadeh Rahele Rahbarian Mohabat Nadaf Hamid SobhanianThe aim of this study was to investigate interaction of sodium chloride with chromium on vegetative, and physiological traits, uptake, and accumulation of sodium and chromium in roots and shoots of portulaca oleracea. In a completely randomized design with 3 replication MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate interaction of sodium chloride with chromium on vegetative, and physiological traits, uptake, and accumulation of sodium and chromium in roots and shoots of portulaca oleracea. In a completely randomized design with 3 replications, 4 salinity levels (0, 4, 8, 12 dsm-1) using sodium chloride every 4 days through irrigation water and five levels of chromium (0, 7, 14, 21, 28 mgkg-1 of dry soil weight) were applied in a pot experiment. Different levels of chromium treatment were prepared before sowing the seeds by adding potassium dichromate to the soil. The amounts of root chromium and shoots were measured by the atomic absorption spectrometry. Sodium contents of roots and shoots, root and stem length, root diameter and surface, greenness index, transfer factor, and bioaccumulation were measured after 60 days of cultivation. Results showed that an increase in different salinity level was associated with a significant increase in sodium and chromium content of roots, shoots and bioaccumulation factor. The highest amount of chromium, sodium, and bioaccumulation factor were observed at salinity levels of 12 dsm-1 and 28 mgkg-1. The interaction between salinity and chromium was significant. With an increase in the salinity level, the amount of plant root transfer factor showed an increasing trend and with increasing chromium, the transfer factor decreased. Root length, diameter, and surface as well as stem length and greenery index showed a significant decrease in plants treated with chromium and salinity. The combined effect of high levels of chromium and salinity led to a further reduction in the concentration and accumulation of minerals compared to each stress alone. Although salinity and chromium reduced the growth of portulaca oleracea, it seems that accumulation of significant amounts of sodium and chromium in the roots, prevents their excessive transfer to the shoots and further reduction in plant growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Interaction of salinity and chromium on pigments and photosystem II function of Portulaca oleracea L.
Zahra Talebzadeh Rahele Rahbarian Mohabat Nadaf Hamid SobhanianThe aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of salinity and chromium stress on some morphological and physiological characteristics of portulaca oleracea. In a completely randomized design with 3 replications and 4 salinity levels (0, 4, 8 and 12 dS/m) usin MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of salinity and chromium stress on some morphological and physiological characteristics of portulaca oleracea. In a completely randomized design with 3 replications and 4 salinity levels (0, 4, 8 and 12 dS/m) using sodium chloride every 4 days through irrigation and 5 levels of chromium (0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 mg/ml). Kg (dry weight of soil) experiment was performed and before sowing seeds in soil with increasing potassium dichromate to soil, different levels of chromium treatment were prepared. The values of ion leakage, fresh and dry weight and leaf area, chlorophyll a, b and total, chlorophyll stability coefficient, carotenoids, photosystem II efficiency and relative water content of leaves were measured after 60 days of planting. The results showed that with increasing different levels of chromium and salinity, a significant decreasing trend (P≤0.05) was observed in fresh and dry weight, leaf area, chlorophyll a, b and total, carotenoids, photosystem II efficiency. The lowest efficiency of photosystem II and the highest rate of ion leakage were observed at salinity levels of 12 dS/m and chromium 28 mg/kg. The interaction of salinity and chromium had a significant decreasing effect on chlorophyll content, fresh and dry weight and leaf area. Was alone. However, salinity and chromium reduced the growth of portulaca oleracea leaves. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Evaluation of biochemical parameters of Portulaca oleracea under chromium and salinity
Zahra Talebzadeh Raheleh Rahbarian mohebat Nadaf Hamid SobhanianThe aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of salinity and chromium stress on some biochemical characteristics of portulaca oleracea. This study was conducted in a completely randomized greenhouse design with 3 replications. 4 salinity levels (0, 4, 8 and MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of salinity and chromium stress on some biochemical characteristics of portulaca oleracea. This study was conducted in a completely randomized greenhouse design with 3 replications. 4 salinity levels (0, 4, 8 and 12 ds/m) were provided using sodium chloride every 4 days through irrigation and chromium treatment levels (0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 mg/kg dry weight of soil) and before from seed cultivation in soil, different levels of chromium treatment were obtained by increasing potassium dichromate to soil. The levels of Soluble and insoluble carbohydrates in alcohol, proteins, proline, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide were measured after 60 days of plant cultivation. The results showed that with increasing levels of chromium and salinity, the amounts of proline, peroxide, malondialdehyde, soluble carbohydrates increased, but insoluble carbohydrates and proteins decreased. The lowest amount of insoluble carbohydrates and proteins and the highest amount of proline, peroxide, malondaldehyde and alcohol-soluble carbohydrates were observed in the combined stress of salinity levels of 12 ds/m and chromium 28 mg/kg. The combined stress of salinity and chromium caused a further reduction in insoluble carbohydrates and portulaca protein. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Compensate for reduced yield due to late water stress by using growth enhancers in the tillering stage of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Mehrnoush Eskandari Torbaghan sayd fazel fazeli kakhki Mohammad JoleiniThe application of foliar spraying can be practical in critical stages for alleviating plant nutritional needs in the short term. To investigate the effect of growth enhancers in the tillering stage of wheat on the compensation of required compounds from storage sources MoreThe application of foliar spraying can be practical in critical stages for alleviating plant nutritional needs in the short term. To investigate the effect of growth enhancers in the tillering stage of wheat on the compensation of required compounds from storage sources to grain in the remobilization process in the stopping last irrigation, an experiment was carried out in a split-plot arrangement based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the farm of Kashmar research station in 2020-2021. The main plots were two variety of wheat: V1: Sirvan and V2: Rakhshan, the subplots were growth enhancers including (T1: Control, T2: Urea phosphate (10 kg.ha-1) + solopotas (8 kg.ha-1) + amino acid (2:1000); T3: Urea phosphate (10 kg.ha-1) + solopotas (8 kg.ha-1) + micronutrient (2:1000); T4: Urea phosphate (10 kg.ha-1) + solopotas (8 kg.ha-1) + humic acid (2:1000). The results showed that the highest plant height was obtained from T3 treatment in the Sirvan cultivar. In both Sirvan and Rakhshan varieties, the highest peduncle length was recorded from a foliar spray of T3. The highest plant dry weight (1290 g.m-2) per square meter was also obtained from T2 in Sirvan. Grain weight per square meter in the Sirvan cultivar was 651, 582, and 462 g.m-2 from the application of T2, T3, and T4, respectively, which was higher than the Rakhshan cultivar in these treatments. The highest amount of photosynthesis was 19.1 μCO2mol.m-2. s-1, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 (Ci) were obtained in the Sirvan cultivar by T2 application. In general, the effect of T2 treatment on photosynthesis and yield indicates compensation for the lack of grain yield (52% increase) and biomass (51%) due to the last water stop in the Sirvan cultivar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Investigation on essential oils of Anthemis kotschyanaBoiss. Var. discoides (Bornm.) Grierson
mb Rezaee کامکار Jaimand معصومه MazandaraniThe volatile constituents of Anthemis kotschyanaBoiss. Var. discoides (Bornm.) Grierson were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. In this study samples were collected from west Azarbaigan province between Orumieh and Shahpur on lat May 2003. Accor MoreThe volatile constituents of Anthemis kotschyanaBoiss. Var. discoides (Bornm.) Grierson were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. In this study samples were collected from west Azarbaigan province between Orumieh and Shahpur on lat May 2003. According to literature, this species was not the subject of research up to now and therefore its chemical composition is not well known. The major constituents of Anthemis kotschyanaBoiss. Var. discoides (Bornm.) Grierson from flower head were b-acorenol (11.9%), artemisia alcohol (9.4%), ethyl hexanoate (8.8%) and n-nonadecane (5.6%). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Evaluation of antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi isolated from some native medicinal species of Golestan province
sareh hatamzadeh kamran Rahnama saeed nasrollahnejad khalil-berdi fotohifar khodayar hemmati james whiteMedicinal plants are a very rich source of antioxidant compounds. Endophytic fungi of medicinal plants, due to long-term coexistence with these plants produce plant secondary metabolites. Therefore, in this study, the antioxidant properties of endophytic fungi isolated MoreMedicinal plants are a very rich source of antioxidant compounds. Endophytic fungi of medicinal plants, due to long-term coexistence with these plants produce plant secondary metabolites. Therefore, in this study, the antioxidant properties of endophytic fungi isolated from 7 medicinal plants of the Asteraceae family includeing Matricaria chamomilla, Anthemis triumfetii, Anthemis parthenium, Anthemis altissima var. Altissima, Achillea millefolium, Achillea filipendulina, Cichorium intybus was investigated. The samplings were done from healthy plants and free of any diseases from most areas of Golestan province during 2016 spring. After morphological and molecular identification of endophytic fungi, the antioxidant property of 37 species of endophytic fungi was evaluated by DPPH free radicals metod. Based on the results, a significant difference of 99% was observed between the antioxidant properties of endophytic fungi. The lowest (32.1% ) and highest (98.8%) antioxidant activity were related to the Stemphylium amaranthi and Trametes versicolor fungi isolated from Anthemis triumfetii leaf and Achillea santolina stem tissues, respectively. In addition, the Schizophyllum commune with 98.8% antioxidant activity was placed in the same group with T. versicolor. The Cladioporium spp. such as Cladosporium cladosporioides and Cladosporium ramotenelum showed a high antioxidant activity of about 97%. Considering short-term production and the high growth rate of fungi, endophytes maybe a good choice for the production of antioxidant substances. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Phytochemical, antioxidant and antidiabetic activity in aqueous extract of Trigonella foenumgraceum L.
Seed Mehrdad Kassaee Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi Nashim Hayati Rudbari Parecher YaghmaeiTrigonella foenumgraceum L. with variety of polyphenoles which has been used as an antioxidant and nutritive vegetable to treat of diabetes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the phytochemical, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of plant leave extract MoreTrigonella foenumgraceum L. with variety of polyphenoles which has been used as an antioxidant and nutritive vegetable to treat of diabetes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the phytochemical, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of plant leave extract. The leaves were collected from medicinal garden of Hamedan during August 2014. The aqueous extract was obtained by maceration. Total phenol and flavonoid content were determined by using spectrophotometric methods. The antioxidant activity were measured by using FRAP, ferric chelating activity, thiol and DPPH radical scavenging assay. The anti-diuretic properties, inhibition of fructose amine and advanced glycation end products formation and also albumin fragmentation by spectrophotometric, spectrofluorometric and electrophoresis methods, respectively. The results were showed that the total phenol content (23.87mg GAE/g), total flavonoid (17.29 mgQUE/g), thiolgrou (p0.26 mmoleCYE/mg) and total antioxidant capacity (0.33mmole FeSO4E/mg). Ferric chelating ability and radical scavenging activities were both in a concentration-related manner. The aqueous extract of plant in high concentration could inhibit fructosam ineformation (70.9%) and also albumin fragmentation. Thus this extract can be used for prevention of plant -related complications of diabetes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - (Short paper) Potential evaluation of the aqueous extract of Portulaca oleracea L. in the synthesis of Iron oxide nanoparticles
Mina Jamzad Maryam Kamari Bidkorpeh Fereshteh NaderiThe researchers have, recently considered using plants and their active components in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles. In this project, the aerial part of Portulaca oleracea L. (Portulacaceae) before the flowering stage, was collected from Roodsar (Gillan province) MoreThe researchers have, recently considered using plants and their active components in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles. In this project, the aerial part of Portulaca oleracea L. (Portulacaceae) before the flowering stage, was collected from Roodsar (Gillan province) on June 2017 and the aqueous extract was prepared by warm maceration method. Aqueous extract of the aerial parts (leaves and flowers) of the plant and Ferric chloride solution was heated at 70°C for 3.5 h. and Iron oxide nanoparticles with average size of 90 nm were synthesized, by the co-precipitation method. Formation of the Iron oxide nanoparticles was confirmed by Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Visible), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-Ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD) techniques. The absorption peak at 288 nm confirmed the formation of nanoparticles and FT-IR spectra were showed the presence of organic compounds around the nanoparticles. XRD results showed the phase of hematite (α-Fe2O3) for the synthesized nanoparticles. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the formation and purity of the nanoparticles. TEM image showed that the synthesized Iron oxide nanoparticles have a spheroid/cube geometry. The nanoparticles were stabilized by the organic compounds of the extract and were not agglomerated. These organic compounds can also improve the capacity of the nanoparticles in environmental remediation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Comparison content of parthenolide as an anti-migraine in Natural samples and tissue culture seedlings of some populations of Tanacetum parthenium L.
Reyhaneh Zandi Ali sonboli ghasem eghlima Hassan Rezadoost Mohammad Hossein MirjaliliSesqui-terpene lactone - parthenolide in Tanacetum parthenium L. is known as the most important medicinal substance with anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasm and especially anti-migraine effects. In this study, the content of parthenolide in the flowering branches MoreSesqui-terpene lactone - parthenolide in Tanacetum parthenium L. is known as the most important medicinal substance with anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasm and especially anti-migraine effects. In this study, the content of parthenolide in the flowering branches of some natural populations of T. parthenium L. from different habitats in Gilan (Masoleh), Mazandaran (Chalos), Qom (Vishnu) and Tehran (Ahar) provinces were collected at the full flowering stage and compared with their flowered seedlings under in vitro conditions. In vitro seedlings were seeded and cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium enriched with hydrolyzed casein (100 mg/l), salicylic acid (2 mg/l) and benzylaminopurine (5 mg/l). The parthenolide content of flowering branches of all samples was measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results of variance analysis of the data showed that the effect of population and cultivation conditions as well as their interaction at the probability level of 1% on parthenolide content was significant. The parthenolide content in self-grown populations ranged from 0.13±0.007 to 1.03±0.113 mg/g dry weight and in tissue culture seedlings from 0.23±0.011 to 1.21±0.148 mg/g dry weight was variable. The highest and lowest parthenolide content was observed in Qom (Vashno) and Gilan (Masuleh) populations, respectively. Parthenolide content for all populations was higher in tissue culture samples than in natural samples. The findings of this study can be considered and exploited for the commercial production of parthenolide pharmaceutical composition under controlled conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Mythic Themes in a Selection of the Bakhtiyari and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Folktales
Fereshteh Rousta Mohammadreza Masuomi Jalil NazariMythic themes have an outstanding position in the folktales of the Bakhtiyarie and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad people. Of significant themes one can refer to a horse, especially Pegasus, metamorphosis – transformation of a human being to an animal and vice versa - MoreMythic themes have an outstanding position in the folktales of the Bakhtiyarie and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad people. Of significant themes one can refer to a horse, especially Pegasus, metamorphosis – transformation of a human being to an animal and vice versa - mountain, demons and fairies, and strange animals. In this research, thirty stories from the local stories of these tribes; The legends of the lords, the folktales of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, the legends of Bakhtiari, My Bukhara My tribe, and The satire and epic of Boyer-Ahmadi have been selected and studied and analyzed. The results suggest that the most important themes in the selection of tales include the presence of demons and fairies, Pegasus, mountain, human to animal metamorphosis, and description of strange animals. Also, the majority of the mythic themes amongst these races are the residue of the myths in the culture of the ancient Iran. It is worth mentioning that there are some of the similar instances in the Ferdowsi's Shahname. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - CAD Model and Finite Element Analysis of a Knee Brace for General Applications
Shayan Babaeifard Mohammad Saadat Amirhossein Badami -
Open Access Article
96 - Advanced Analysis of Concentrically Braced Frames (CBFs) by Energy Approach
mohsen izadinia Armin Pouya Parham MemarzadehAdvanced analysis refers to the method which the strength and stability of the system and structural members are determined in an integrated manner and there is no need to check separately each member. This approach makes structural designers better understand the main MoreAdvanced analysis refers to the method which the strength and stability of the system and structural members are determined in an integrated manner and there is no need to check separately each member. This approach makes structural designers better understand the main characteristics affecting the actual behavior of structures. certainly, one of the most widely used structural systems in the construction industry is Concentrically braced frames (CBFs). Mainly, these kinds of frames collapse because of soft story formation at one or a few stories in which excessive brace buckling occurs. This study provides an intuitive understanding of the collapse mechanism of CBFs with 3-18 stories subjected to mainshock-aftershock sequences. Such understanding will support development of design methods that preclude low-capacity collapse modes specially under multi-shock excitations. This paper assesses the collapse mechanism as a stage in which the imposed seismic energy fails to dissipate and eventually leads to uncontrolled kinetic energy in structure. The investigation focuses on the role and distribution of the various energy measures and different dissipating mechanisms throughout the structures. Collapse mechanism is identified for various combinations of the utilized mainshock-aftershock pairs that are gradually scaled following the IDA process. The distribution of input and dissipated energies along various stories reveals the role of upper stories in damping the imposed energy. Furthermore, the similarity between the height profile of the residual drifts and the story imposed energies highlights the characteristic of the structures in adapting their drift response to a mode with the highest energy absorption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Seismic Performance Investigation of Buckling Restrained Braces with Parallel Yielding Double Core
Kourosh Mehdizadeh Abbasali Sadeghi Seyede Vahide HashemiThe buildings equipped with buckling restrained brace (BRB) are earthquake resistant structures that have two properties of high lateral stiffness and ability to absorb and dissipate energy at the same time In this study, a parallel double core mechanism with the same c MoreThe buildings equipped with buckling restrained brace (BRB) are earthquake resistant structures that have two properties of high lateral stiffness and ability to absorb and dissipate energy at the same time In this study, a parallel double core mechanism with the same core length and with different yielding stress was used to investigate the seismic performance of buckling restrained brace of single core and double core. Therefore, in this research, three 3-dimensional 3, 6 and 9-story buildings equipped with concentric buckling restrained braces were designed according to AISC-LRFD Code along with the controlling of the seismic criteria based on standard 2800 version 4th in ETABS 2017 software. Then, the two dimensional perimeter frames equipped with buckling restrained brace were modeled in SeismoStruct 2018 software in two states of single core and double core. In order to investigate the behavior of these structures, the adaptive pushover nonlinear static analysis and time history nonlinear dynamic analysis were performed under three far fault earthquakes. The results presented that the use of a parallel yielding double core increased the elastic stiffness of the structures but does not cause a noticeable change in the lateral strength of the prototypes. Also under applied earthquakes, the hysteresis curves were obtained and these figures showed that the use of a parallel double core increased the earthquake energy dissipation. In general, the use of the double core buckling restrained brace reduced seismic responses such as roof displacement, roof acceleration, drift and base shear by approximately 20%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Investigation of the Response Modification Factor of Frames Equipped with Eccentric Buckling Restrained Braces based on Performance Levels
Vahid Saberi hamid saberi Abbasali Sadeghi Seyede Vahide HashemiStructural response modification factor refers to a coefficient that indicates the energy absorption capacity of the structure in the inelastic region. By using it, the shear force of the structural design is reduced by several times. In this research, the response modi MoreStructural response modification factor refers to a coefficient that indicates the energy absorption capacity of the structure in the inelastic region. By using it, the shear force of the structural design is reduced by several times. In this research, the response modification factor of frames equipped with eccentric buckling restrained braces were investigated based on performance levels under the records far from the fault. In this research, three 3, 6, and 10-story frames with eccentric buckling restrained braces were designed using ETABS software and then SeismoStruct software was applied in order to perform nonlinear static pushover analysis and incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). In IDA analysis, the intensity parameter corresponding to (PGA) and the damage index corresponding to the maximum relative displacement of the floors (MIDR) were considered and the two performance levels of life safety (LS) and collapse prevention (CP) were investigated. The results presented that the collapse prevention performance limit was about 30 to 35 percent higher than response modification factor corresponding to the life safety performance limit, which means that the response modification factor of safety life limit can be increased by 30 percent in order to be used for structural design at the functional level of collapse prevention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Advanced Analysis of Concentrically Braced Frames (CBFs) by Energy Approach
Armin Pouya mohsen izadinia Parham memarzadeh,Advanced analysis refers to a method in which the strength and stability of the system and structural members are recognized in an integrated manner and there is no need to separately check the capacity of the structural members. This approach is a suitable method for e MoreAdvanced analysis refers to a method in which the strength and stability of the system and structural members are recognized in an integrated manner and there is no need to separately check the capacity of the structural members. This approach is a suitable method for evaluating the real behavior of structures and makes structural designers better understand the main characteristics affecting the actual behavior of structures. Undoubtedly, one of the most widely used structural systems in the construction industry is Concentrically braced frames (CBFs). Mainly, these kinds of frames collapse because of a soft story formation in one or more stories in which excessive brace buckling occurs. Using second order inelastic analysis, this study provides an intuitive understanding of the collapse mechanism of CBFs with 6 and 18 stories subjected to mainshock-aftershock sequences. Such understanding will support development of design methods that preclude low-capacity collapse modes specially under multi-shock excitations. This paper assesses the collapse mechanism as a stage in which the imposed seismic energy fails to dissipate and eventually leads to uncontrolled kinetic energy in structure. The investigation focuses on the role and distribution of the various energy measures and different dissipating mechanisms throughout the structures. Collapse mechanism is identified for various combinations of the utilized 32 mainshock-aftershock pairs that are gradually scaled following the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) process. The distribution of input and dissipated energies along various stories reveals the role of upper stories in damping the imposed energy. Furthermore, the similarity between the height profile of the residual drifts and the story imposed energies highlights the characteristics of the structures in adapting their drift response to a mode with the highest energy absorption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Performance Investigation of A new type of Hexagonal damper in a diagonal brace
mohsen yousefi Yahya nassira ali ghamariIn this study, a new metallic Yielding called “hexagonal damper " is introduced. It is made of steel sheets and consists of a number of blades damping incoming energy through the bending yield of its plate. This new type of yielding hexagonal dampers (HADAS) are p MoreIn this study, a new metallic Yielding called “hexagonal damper " is introduced. It is made of steel sheets and consists of a number of blades damping incoming energy through the bending yield of its plate. This new type of yielding hexagonal dampers (HADAS) are placed on the both sides of diagonal element at the end of the connection to column base, to prevent brace buckling and energy dissipation is done by the damper. To evaluate the cyclic performance of the proposed HADAS hexagonal damping, 15 numerical samples were simulated by Abaqus software. The study of cyclic behavior was performed on steel frames with one span and story and the sensitivity of cyclic behavior was studied based on the damper parameters such as thickness, length, geometry and dimension ratio to the thickness of the connection element of bracing to damper. The examined damper thicknesses are 12, 21, and 30 mm, examined damper lengths are 400, 500, and 600 mm, the geometry of examined damper is hexagonal, and the brace thicknesses are considered as 12, 21 and 30 mm. The cross section of the consumable brace profile is 2UNP160. The results of this study presented that this type of damper has a suitable behavior in frame energy dissipation and the total stiffness for steel plates of HADAS dampers definitely must be less than the brace stiffness in order to have an acceptable function. If the damper stiffness is more than the brace stiffness, it will cause the brace buckling and plastic joint formation in brace. The values of the thickness and length of the damper, when they are less rigid than the rigidity of the brace, cause the plastic joint to be focused on the damper and optimize performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Experimental and seismic analysis performance of three-core buckling restrained braces
ali chigoi mohhamad ali rahgozar mohsen izadiniaIn this paper, in order to improve the seismic behavior of BRBs, buckling-restrained braces with three parallel cores with different yield stress have been suggested and introduced. The buckling restrained braces were made in one and three steel core with the same tensi MoreIn this paper, in order to improve the seismic behavior of BRBs, buckling-restrained braces with three parallel cores with different yield stress have been suggested and introduced. The buckling restrained braces were made in one and three steel core with the same tensile and compressive capacity. These braces were subjected to cyclic tensile and compressive loads in the laboratory under the ATC-24 loading protocol. Hysteresis cyclic performances of each brace were obtained and examined. Then, the one and three core buckling braces were placed diagonally in a steel moment frame and their seismic performance and response modification factors were obtained using adaptive pushover analysis. The results indicated that the three core brace has 16.3% and 8.8% higher energy absorption and damping capacity. In addition, the damping in the three-core brace in drift 2.5% is 8.8% higher than the one core brace. Mean value of response modification factors for steel moment frame with one-core brace is 8.11 and steel moment frame with three-core brace is 9.14. In conclusion, the three-core brace has higher energy absorption and damping capacity and the ductility of the steel moment frame with the three core brace is higher than that of the frame with the one core brace, which presented the three-core brace has more acceptable seismic performance and is highly recommended for rehabilitation Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Effects of Bracing Arrangement along the Building Height on Collapse Fragility Curve of Steel Braced Frame Systems
Ali Seyedkazemi Seyed Reza Hashemi ShahandashtiThe steel braced frame system is one of the lateral load resisting systems which is used extensively for low- to mid-rise buildings. In this structural system, the braces can be arranged in different forms along the building height due to different reasons such as archi MoreThe steel braced frame system is one of the lateral load resisting systems which is used extensively for low- to mid-rise buildings. In this structural system, the braces can be arranged in different forms along the building height due to different reasons such as architectural and structural limitations or design considerations. The bracing arrangement affects the seismic performance of the structural system and each of the elements. In this study, the impact of bracing arrangement along the building height on ultimate failure capacity and collapse fragility curves of steel CBFs is investigated. For this purpose, 4 and 8-story steel CBF buildings with 6 different arrangements of braces were selected and modeled in PERFORM-3D software. The models were then analyzed using the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) method. Afterwards, the collapse capacity of the models and the uncertainty index were calculated, and the collapse fragility curves were generated. The results show that, by modifying the arrangement of braces without significant changes in lateral stiffness and fundamental period of structure, it is possible to increase the collapse spectral acceleration and decrease the probability of collapse at the maximum considered earthquake intensity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Numerical Analysis of Performance of Eccentric Braced Frames Equipped with the Steel Plate in the area Under the link beam and the beam out of the link
Hamid SattarianKarajAbab ahmad malekiCountry of Iran due to the existence of numerous faults and stresses by the borders of the shell,has been witnessing the occurrence of many earthquakes throughout the year. Thus providing resistant systems for structural stability against lateral forces of the main conc MoreCountry of Iran due to the existence of numerous faults and stresses by the borders of the shell,has been witnessing the occurrence of many earthquakes throughout the year. Thus providing resistant systems for structural stability against lateral forces of the main concerns of civil engineering in the country. The lateral resistant systems, Eccentrically Brace frame model, which relying on the rotation of link beam causes the absorption of structural earthquake force, while the excessive rotation of the link beam region can weaken the structural performance level, and makes some significant cracks in the concrete slab. In the present study, a new model of eccentrically brace system equipped with a steel plate in the lower link beam, and the beam out of the links provided. Numerical modeling in Abaqus software and protocol load is applied based on the ATC-24. The results show that the optimal positioning of steel plates and insert its plates in the lower link beam and the beam out of the links cause improve the shear performance of the bracing system in the development plastic hinges And increased shear strength and ductility of the bracing model. Finally, the energy absorption by the models has a significant performance in comparison with the current model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Estimation of Behavior Coefficient of steel eccentrically braced frames (EBFs) under Near-fault Pulse-type Earthquakes using Particle Swarm algorithm
Seyed Abdonnabi Razavi Navid Siahpolo Mehdi Mahdavi AdeliElastic analysis of structures creates basic shearing forces and stresses that are significantly larger than the actual responses of the structures. By entering the inelastic domain, the structure can absorb and resist a large amount of earthquake energy. On the other h MoreElastic analysis of structures creates basic shearing forces and stresses that are significantly larger than the actual responses of the structures. By entering the inelastic domain, the structure can absorb and resist a large amount of earthquake energy. On the other hand, nonlinear analysis of structures requires time-consuming and voluminous computational operations, so in most of the codes, a simple and appropriate method called equivalent static method is presented to achieve a reasonable answer to the nonlinear behavior of the structure (without performing a nonlinear analysis). Therefore, due to the importance of ductility in the absorption of seismic energy, the computational forces caused by the earthquake are reduced by introducing the coefficient of structural behavior, R. In this paper, an extensive database consisting of 12,960 eccentrically braced frame (EBF) structures with varying story numbers of 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 20, three types of column stiffness and three degrees of bracing slenderness was designed and analyzed under 20 near-faults pulse-like earthquakes. To generate the estimated relation R, 6769 data were interpreted using particle swarm algorithm. The results of a correlation of 0.86 in the test data presented the accuracy of the proposed relation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Comparing the Performance of Short Link Beam in Buckling Unrestrained and Restrained Eccentric Braced Frames under non-linear Static and Dynamic Analysis
Arash Hossein Shahi aboozar salehAccording to the fact that our country is located in one of the seismic zones of the world, the possibility of strong earthquakes in different regions is inevitable. Over the past years, researchers have proposed different systems for absorbing and dissipating earthquak MoreAccording to the fact that our country is located in one of the seismic zones of the world, the possibility of strong earthquakes in different regions is inevitable. Over the past years, researchers have proposed different systems for absorbing and dissipating earthquake energy in structures, which, in this regard, unrestrained buckling braces have been focused by engineers. The purpose of this research is to examine the behavior of short link beam in steel frames with buckling and non-buckling braces. For this purpose, three structures, 3, 6 and 9 stories with buckling and non-buckling braces are designed according to valid regulations and all seismic rules have also been controlled. Then, their lateral two-dimensional frame is modeled with eccentric braces on the SeismoStruct 2016 software. In order to investigate the behavior of the link beam, nonlinear static and time history analysis have been used for three far-field earthquakes and type 2 soil. In the following, the results of the shear force and the bending moment of the link beam and the nonlinear static analysis curves of the frames in two models with buckling and non-buckling braces are compared. The results of nonlinear static analysis show that the moment and shear in the non-buckling link beam can be up to 38 and 50 percent more than the frame with buckling braces, respectively. Non-linear time history analysis shows a higher growth of link beam forces in a frame with non-buckling braces than nonlinear static analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Frames with Steel & Concrete X-Shape Brace Strengthened with CFRP under Cyclic Loads
ahmad rahbar ranji mohammad pasalariThe choice of lateral forces resistance system type depends on the composition of the loading, structural behavior, gravity loads transition to the base, architectural design, geometric dimensions, building code restrictions, the amount of lateral forces, the maximum di MoreThe choice of lateral forces resistance system type depends on the composition of the loading, structural behavior, gravity loads transition to the base, architectural design, geometric dimensions, building code restrictions, the amount of lateral forces, the maximum displacement and, etc. Today, the use of concrete dual frames has become very common in many modern structures, including high-rise buildings and building retrofitting. In this study, RC frames with X-shaped steel braces and Concrete X-Shape braces Strengthened with CFRP under Cyclic seismic loading have been investigated. Initially an RC frame in 3 manners such as RC frame, RC frame with concrete X-shaped braces and RC frame with X-shaped steel braces previously tested by Haddad et al. (2015) modeled and analyzed in ABACUS finite element software. Then the results of numerical analysis and laboratory study were compared. The results were fairly well-matched. Finally, after verification of the ABACUS software results, the proper composition of the carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) retrofitting was studied, and the load-displacement hysteresis diagrams, load-displacement and final load ratios for the proposed samples were compared. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Evaluation of the Seismic Performance of Rocking Motions and its Effects on the Controlling Provisions of Special Steel Moment-resisting Systems Dual with CBF Bracing
Ali Parvari Ehsan AziziIn this study, 4-, 8-, and 12-Story steel special concentrically braced frame (SCBFs) structures were considered in area with high seismically hazard and soil type II according to Iranian's 2800 code provision. Structures are residential use and have regularity in plane MoreIn this study, 4-, 8-, and 12-Story steel special concentrically braced frame (SCBFs) structures were considered in area with high seismically hazard and soil type II according to Iranian's 2800 code provision. Structures are residential use and have regularity in plane and vertical distribution. Structures were modeled using Sap 2000 software to investigate the effect of self-centering ‎motion under seven near-field earthquakes. All models assumed with and without dual system controlling provisions. The results of this research indicate that without dual system provisions, considering the self-centering ‎motion in ‎4-, 8-, and 12-Story SCBFs‎ reduces base shear of structures in contrast with increasing deformation of top floor and column axial force. In average, the self-centering ‎motion‎ dissipate energy more than fixed base one. With controlling dual system provisions, considering the self-centering ‎motion in ‎4-, 8-, and 12-Story ‎SCBFs‎ reduces base shear of structures, whereas increases deformation of top floor ‎and column axial force. Moreover, in this case of study, energy dissipation are more than with controlling ‎one. Considering the self-centering ‎motion in ‎8-, and 12-Story ‎SCBFs‎ reduces base shear of ‎structures and top floor deformations, meanwhile column axial force‎ was increased. It can be seen that in ‎4-, and 12-Story ‎SCBFs considering code provisions had a better results, whereas in ‎8-Story ‎SCBFs ‎neglecting code provisions was accepted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Evaluating the seismic performance of steel-sma hybrid Bracing structures
mohammad hooshmand behzad rafezi jafar khalileAlafiIn this study the seismic performance of hybrid braces composed of steel and shaped- memory alloys (SMA). is investigated Six types of hybrid braces were used, constituted by SMA content of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%. A nonlinear dynamic analysis was performed under El MoreIn this study the seismic performance of hybrid braces composed of steel and shaped- memory alloys (SMA). is investigated Six types of hybrid braces were used, constituted by SMA content of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%. A nonlinear dynamic analysis was performed under El Centro earthquake records, with the maximum acceleration of 0.6g and 0.9g. Our results showed that the seismic performance, i.e., the amount of energy absorption and residual strain, of steel–SMA hybrid braces depends on the SMA content. The optimal value of SMA content was 20%, as, at this concentration, a hybrid brace can be designed with good seismic performance at a justifiable fabrication cost. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Extension of Genetic Algorithm Relationships for Estimating the Global Ductility of EBFs under Near-fault Pulse-type Earthquake
Seyed Abdonnabi Razavi Navid Siahpolo Mehdi Mahdavi Adeli Mohamad Bahmani Seyed Afshin Mohebi Bahram BarriDuctility of the structure is the ability to withstand trans-elastic deformations of the structure without a significant drop in strength. Examining the results of past earthquakes and the damage to structures makes its ductility and supply in the structure an important MoreDuctility of the structure is the ability to withstand trans-elastic deformations of the structure without a significant drop in strength. Examining the results of past earthquakes and the damage to structures makes its ductility and supply in the structure an important issue. In this paper, in order to take advantage of the strengths of the design method based on the performance and computational ease of force design methods, frames with 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 20 floors have been considered. Then, a large database consisting of 12960 data was generated and designed with the purpose of 3 types of column stiffness and 3 degrees of bracing thinness and analyzed against 20 earthquakes near pulsed faults for 4 different performance levels. Finally, using the genetic algorithm, the experimental relationships corresponding to the coefficients of behavior, global ductility and link beam ductility are presented. The proposed relationships are influenced by geometric characteristics such as the number of floors, the stiffness ratio of the columns, the slenderness of the braces, the length of link beam, and the ductility levels. The results of seismic design using the proposed relationships on structures outside the range of the defined database, in comparison with the force methods, show the accuracy of this method in estimating the seismic needs of divergent bracing frames. It can be concluded that based on the production relations of the database, and the validation of the production relations, the results of the structural design by the resulting relations have an acceptable validity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Evaluating the Progressive Collaps in Moment Frame and Braced Frame
Amin Hallaji khosroshah yashar yasrebiniaProgressive Collaps is a phenomenon in which a partial damage or local breakdown or initial local failure from one element to another causes a collapse in the whole structure or a large part of the structure. Due to the fact that the behavior of structures in the progre MoreProgressive Collaps is a phenomenon in which a partial damage or local breakdown or initial local failure from one element to another causes a collapse in the whole structure or a large part of the structure. Due to the fact that the behavior of structures in the progressive failure can be related to various factors, such as how the loads are transferred to the nodes, the type of connections and their behavior can be very effective in the progressive Collaps of the structure. Therefore, the study of the effect of the type of connection in the progressive Collaps of the structures can demonstrate the performance of the Resistant systems of the structural steel well. To investigate this issue, steel structures, structures with a number of floors 5, 8, 10, 15 with a folding backrest system whose fittings are tight and fitted with a simple frame system whose joints are articulated, loaded and designed based on SAP2000 software. By analyzing the time history of the models, it is determined that the number of seismic responses, including the amount of lateral displacement of the classes, the base cut, the internal force of the columns, and the expansion of the failure in the structures in the use of the bending frame and the bracing frame relative to Different. It should be noted that the axial, shear and flexural forces of the elements in the frames are more than the frames, and based on the position of the column removal, it is different. Therefore, it can be said that the values of internal forces in the bending frame are more than the bracing and the amount of vertical displacement and less than the bracing frame. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Evaluation the Performance and Seismic Comparison of Steel Moment Dual Systems in Rocking Frames with CBF and EBF Bracing
Ali Parvari Arman BeglarIn recent years, considering vertical movement in structures, which is known as self-centering motion, is one of the methods used to dissipate the earthquake energy. In this study, 4-, 8-, and 12-Story steel structures with special concentrically braced frame (SCBFs) an MoreIn recent years, considering vertical movement in structures, which is known as self-centering motion, is one of the methods used to dissipate the earthquake energy. In this study, 4-, 8-, and 12-Story steel structures with special concentrically braced frame (SCBFs) and eccentrically braced frames ‎(SEBFs) ‎were considered in order to investigate the effect of self-centering ‎motion under seven near-field earthquakes using Sap 2000 software. The results of this research indicate that considering the self-centering ‎motion, the behavior of structures are changing in SCBFs and SEBFs. In ‎, 4-, 8-, and 12-Story SEBFs structures with considering the self-centering ‎motion, the column and bracing ‎forces were increased which this was different with SCBFs ‎ structures. Considering the self-centering ‎motion, more plastic joints are formed in the beams. Therefore, in the self-centering ‎of the columns, the beams outside the bay are more affected. In general, the results indicate that the self-centering ‎motion is better in the SCBFs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - The Effect of Non-parallel System Irregularity on Seismic Performance of Braced Steel Frame Buildings
Ali Seyedkazemi Elmira AbbasnezhadA number of buildings have irregular non-parallel systems due to ground conditions and architectural design, which fall into the category of irregularities in the plan. However, the building codes do not specify a limit as the deviation value of the vertical lateral loa MoreA number of buildings have irregular non-parallel systems due to ground conditions and architectural design, which fall into the category of irregularities in the plan. However, the building codes do not specify a limit as the deviation value of the vertical lateral load bearing components from the major orthogonal axes of the building for this type of irregularities. The building frame system with bracing, on the other hand, is one of the most common systems for low- to mid-rise structures. In this research,the effect of non-parallel system irregularity on the seismic performance of steel building frame with special convergent bracing was investigated. Steel structures with 3, 6, and 9 stories were selected in this study, and in addition to the regular structural models, irregularity of non-parallel systems with different angles to the orthogonal axes from 1 to 5 degrees (i.e., 0.5 m to 2 m deviations for span length) were considered. First, the structures were designed according to the Iranian Earthquake Design Code and the Iranian Steel Structure Design Code. In order to evaluate the effect of irregularity on the seismic performance of the studied buildings, nonlinear static and dynamic analyses of time history for selected models were performed using Perform 3D software and the seismic performance indices of the structures were examined. The results indicate that with increasing irregularity; stiffness, strength, ductility and energy dissipation capacity of the structure decreases while the relative inter-story drift increases Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - The effect of Number and Position of Braced Frames on Failure Distribution and Column Behavior of the Dual Steel Structural System (MRF and EBF)
Alireza Faroughi Sajjad Mohammadi Abd-ol-Reza Sarvghad MoghaddamIn the seismic design of structures, determination of the number and position of braced frames, according to the architectural scheme of projects, is usually encountered with obstacles. This has made it difficult in some cases to choose the best location and number of b MoreIn the seismic design of structures, determination of the number and position of braced frames, according to the architectural scheme of projects, is usually encountered with obstacles. This has made it difficult in some cases to choose the best location and number of braced bays and especially in dual frames, has led to differences in the design forces of their adjacent members (columns). One of the seismic design requirements of lateral resisting system is to control the columns adjacent to braced bays for load combinations of intensified seismic load, which is a function of over-strength factor of the structure. This research aims to present and introduce the best structural model regarding the number and position of braced frames in a structural system, such as steel moment resisting frame and eccentric braces dual system. Though the intensified seismic load function is controlled in models which columns are connected to the braces in 2 directions, and seismic loads are applied in those 2 directions, the number of damaged hinges (Exceeding CP) is significantly increased in comparison with the models with straggly braces. Since the increase in axial force of these columns reduces their moment capacity (despite controlling the amplified seismic load provision), columns in dual systems that resist flexure, would be damaged and exceed the collapse threshold much sooner than other columns. Therefore, it is suggested that, like the publication 360, the control of these columns in an amplified earthquake should not be based solely on axial force, but on the interaction of forces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Investigation of the Performance of a new model of rectangular damper in the diagonal Convergent brace
mohsen yousefi Yahya nassira ali ghamariThe use of dampers improves the seismic behavior of structures against seismic loads. Metallic yielding dampers include the most effective energy dissipating elements. In this research, a new type of ADAS dampers was introduced by placing it in the location of the MoreThe use of dampers improves the seismic behavior of structures against seismic loads. Metallic yielding dampers include the most effective energy dissipating elements. In this research, a new type of ADAS dampers was introduced by placing it in the location of the diagonal element in order to prevent buckling and energy dissipation to be done by damper. In this contribution, 15 numerical samples were simulated by the ABAQUS software. In order to survey the recommended ADAS damper’s cyclic behavior. The cyclic behavior on the steel frames with one span and story was studied and sensitivity of cyclic behavior was studied based on the damper parameters such as thickness, length, geometry and dimension to thickness ratio. Examined damper thicknesses are 12, 21, 30 millimeters, examined damper length are 400, 500, 600 millimeters, the geometry under consideration is a rectangular damper and the thickness of brace was considered 12, 21 and 30 mm. The results of this study represented that this kind of damper had a suitable behavior in the frame energy dissipation and the total stiffness of the steel plates that make up ADAS dampers must be less than the brace stiffness to show acceptable frame performance. If the damper stiffness is more than the brace stiffness, it will cause the brace buckling and plastic joint formation in brace. The amounts of damper thickness and length in the case with less stiffness than the brace ones will result in the plastic joint concentration in damper and optimal performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Advanced Analysis of Concentrically Braced Frames (CBFs) by Energy Approach
Armin Pouya mohsen izadinia Parham MemarzadehAdvanced analysis refers to a method in which the strength and stability of the system and structural members are recognized in an integrated manner and there is no need to separately check the capacity of the structural members. This approach is a suitable method for e MoreAdvanced analysis refers to a method in which the strength and stability of the system and structural members are recognized in an integrated manner and there is no need to separately check the capacity of the structural members. This approach is a suitable method for evaluating the real behavior of structures and makes structural designers better understand the main characteristics affecting the actual behavior of structures. Undoubtedly, one of the most widely used structural systems in the construction industry is Concentrically braced frames (CBFs). Mainly, these kinds of frames collapse because of a soft story formation in one or more stories in which excessive brace buckling occurs. Using second order inelastic analysis, this study provides an intuitive understanding of the collapse mechanism of CBFs with 6 and 18 stories subjected to mainshock-aftershock sequences. Such understanding will support development of design methods that preclude low-capacity collapse modes specially under multi-shock excitations. This paper assesses the collapse mechanism as a stage in which the imposed seismic energy fails to dissipate and eventually leads to uncontrolled kinetic energy in structure. The investigation focuses on the role and distribution of the various energy measures and different dissipating mechanisms throughout the structures. Collapse mechanism is identified for various combinations of the utilized 32 mainshock-aftershock pairs that are gradually scaled following the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) process. The distribution of input and dissipated energies along various stories reveals the role of upper stories in damping the imposed energy. Furthermore, the similarity between the height profile of the residual drifts and the story imposed energies highlights the characteristics of the structures in adapting their drift response to a mode with the highest energy absorption Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Seismic Performance of RC Frames Equipped with Zipper Braces Subjected to the Near-field and Far-field Earthquakes
Seyyed Ramin Abtahi Babak BehforouzIn recent years, near-fault earthquakes have received more attention due to their variable frequency nature, pulsing motion, and causing incremental damage. On the other hand, due to the abundance of concrete structures in Iran, more than any other structures, they are MoreIn recent years, near-fault earthquakes have received more attention due to their variable frequency nature, pulsing motion, and causing incremental damage. On the other hand, due to the abundance of concrete structures in Iran, more than any other structures, they are at risk of damages caused by near-fault earthquakes. This issue clearly indicates the necessity of using new lateral bracing systems in RC structures. One of the lateral bracing systems is the combination of Chevron braces with zipper elements. Owing to this issue, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the seismic performance of RC frames equipped with zipper braced elements under near-fault earthquakes. Therefore, seven far-fault and seven near-fault earthquake records and three RC frames of 3, 6, and 9 floors with and without considering zipper elements were selected. Then, RC frames were designed using linear static analysis, after which all frames were analyzed by dynamic nonlinear time history analysis. After performing the analysis, the results such as total displacement, relative displacement, story shear, and plastic hinge formation were compared. The results of this study present that the zip-shaped elements have significantly succeeded in transferring asymmetric loads of the lower story braces to the upper stories and have prevented the creation of a soft story in the first height level of the structure. Finally, the comparison of the results ehibits the significant effect of the distance from the fault on the overall and relative deformations of the structures with increasing the height of the stories Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Seismic behavior of buckling-restrained braced steel frames (BRBF) with reduced beam section (RBS) connections
mehdi kouhdaragh behnsm abdolagnezhadIn areas with high seismicity, structures need a resistant and load-bearing system against lateral forces caused by earthquakes. In addition to high stiffness and resistance to displacement caused by earthquakes, these systems must have good ductility and energy dissipa MoreIn areas with high seismicity, structures need a resistant and load-bearing system against lateral forces caused by earthquakes. In addition to high stiffness and resistance to displacement caused by earthquakes, these systems must have good ductility and energy dissipation ability. Therefore, apply of the buckling-resistant braces (BRB) with reduced beam section (RBS) connections is recommended instead of the previous conventional braces. In this research, the cyclic behavior of the recommended system is investigated. The finite element method and ABAQUS software have been utilized for modeling and study of the numerical models. The investigated parameters include stress contour, cyclic response (force-displacement), stress in column, and beam. The results of numerical models indicate that by creating RBS with a length of 0.85d to a shear radius of 0.25bf compared to the 0.2bf mode, the amount of stress in the beam increases by about 24%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Evaluation of suitable geometric characteristics of recreant steel core in non buckling CBF bracing
Alireza faroughi morteza yarmohammadtouskiThe performance of a BRBs is highly dependent on the geometric characteristics of sections. Steel core components play highly role in the absorption of energy and the other members only prevent buckling, Therefore the proper performance of BRBs are dependent on suitable MoreThe performance of a BRBs is highly dependent on the geometric characteristics of sections. Steel core components play highly role in the absorption of energy and the other members only prevent buckling, Therefore the proper performance of BRBs are dependent on suitable steel core sections. There is an example of a recreant steel core of 40mm*20mm with total length of 2660mm selected in accordance to the Zsarnóczay Laboratory and modeled in the finite element software. Then compared with laboratory and accuracy results in the Abacus software three other models of 40mm*30mm, 40mm*40mm, 60mm*20mm with overall length of 2660mm in accordance with the necessary invariant bracket factors taken from the Pedro Romero laboratory paper were introduced, modeled and verified with the same physical specification. Then the cross section of 40mm*30mm was selected as the appropriate cross section for the recreant steel core in terms of software output based on parameters such as hysteresis curve comparison, sample hardness comparisons, proper ratios of compressive force to tensile strength. Then for accuracy of suitable cross section for different model, by retaining the proportions of the bracing components, recreant core 40mm*40mm with a total length of 3600mm were modeled Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - گیاهان دارویی آمریکای جنوبی برای درمان هیپرپلازی خوش خیم پروستات: یک بررسی سیستماتیک
الیانا سولورزانو پائولو پاستور دیوید گریسفیBackground & Aim: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the prevalent age-related medical conditionin men. In the last 20 years, alternative therapies, especially those based on herbs, are increasingly preferred. The most popularly consumed herb is Serenoa re MoreBackground & Aim: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the prevalent age-related medical conditionin men. In the last 20 years, alternative therapies, especially those based on herbs, are increasingly preferred. The most popularly consumed herb is Serenoa repens, a plant growing in the subtropical south-eastern United States which has shown very efficient results compared to pharmacological conventional treatments both in terms of cost and risks associated with them. Nevertheless, the same trial found no difference between S. repens and placebo according to the American Urological Association Symptom Score Index. As more and more consumers are turning increasingly towards natural therapies, it would be appropriate to promote the recognition of the value of other medicinal plants with potential applicability through comprehensive research. For this purpose, a descriptive comparison between several South-American plants little publicised in the pharmaceutical market is presented to slightly narrow the gap between the reliable evidence-based and popular information for consumers and the pharmaceutical industry.Experimental: With this approach, a review of the literature was conducted through an electronic consultation of two databases, Science Direct and Google Scholar™.Results: This narrative review highlights the wide range of natural medicines available for controlling the inflammatory symptoms of the lower urinary tract, which could be more explored from a pharmacological and chemical point of view.Recommended applications/industries: The future use of natural products requires further investment in pre-clinical research and in clinical trials that investigate stability and a profitable pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic ratio. Although they are well tolerated and used daily by South American populations, the industry's proper commercial focus on these natural remedies cannot be separated from appropriate phyto-vigilance actions promoted Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - بررسی فعالیتهای آنتی اکسیدانی و مهارکنندگی تیروزیناز برخی گیاهان دارویی منتخب نپال
سومان گیری منوج پاندیت سنگیتا ادیکاری پاریدی کوار سادیشیا پودل سام بهادر سورش جیوال شیلا گورنگBackground & Aim:Phytochemicals are naturally occurring chemical compounds present in plants. It includes glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, carbohydrates, etc. Among them, some of them possess antioxidant property, which is responsible f MoreBackground & Aim:Phytochemicals are naturally occurring chemical compounds present in plants. It includes glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, carbohydrates, etc. Among them, some of them possess antioxidant property, which is responsible for regulation of free radicals in the body and tyrosinase inhibitory activity that results in the reduction in melanin synthesis. In addition, phytochemicals provide different health benefits to humans. Thus, the aim of the study was to determine antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of some selected medicinal plants of Nepal. Experimental: Phytochemical screening of methanolic extracts of test samples was performed with various reagents and the phenol and flavonoid contents were also determined. Antioxidant activity was carried out by DPPH free radical scavenging method and tyrosinase inhibitory activity was performed by mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory method. The presence of phytochemicals was confirmed by the visual color change upon addition of test reagents. The higher phenol and flavonoid contents among the selected plants were found to have better antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. Results: Among the selected plants, Diploknema butyraceae had the highest phenol content (665.33 ± 0.0 mg GAE/g dry extract weight) and flavonoid content (728 ± 0.3 mg quercetin/g dry extract weight) and showed similar DPPH free radical scavenging activity (IC50 value 6.012 μg/ml) to standard ascorbic acid (IC50 value 4.73 μg/ml). In addition to this, mushroom tyrosinase inhibition was also found highest in the same plant (31.07 ± 2.13 %) followed by Jatropha curcas (17.51± 0.49 %), Woodfordia fruticosa (16.95 ± 2.24 %) and least in Crateva unilocularis (1.41 ± 2.13%). Recommended applications/industries: The results above showed some probability of Diploknema butyraceae with potential tyrosinase inhibitory property. Therefore, further studies should be focused on isolation of active constituents responsible for tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - ترکیب شیمیایی و فعالیت ضد التهاب، ضد درد و تب در اسانس ریزوم Globba sessiliflora جمع آوری شده از منطقه گاروال در اوتاراکند
راوندرا کومار پراکاش ام پانت آنیل کومار ماهش ایسیدورو والاری اسزپانیاک لچBackground & Aim: Family Zingiberaceae is worldwide in distribution. Plants of the zingiberaceae family are used in traditional herbal folk medicine besides their uses in spices, cosmetic, ornamental, food preservatives etc. In Uttarakhand MoreBackground & Aim: Family Zingiberaceae is worldwide in distribution. Plants of the zingiberaceae family are used in traditional herbal folk medicine besides their uses in spices, cosmetic, ornamental, food preservatives etc. In Uttarakhand the herbs grow from sub-tropical to temperate region. Globba sessiliflora Simsrhizomes were collected at maturity stage in November from Garhwal region of Uttarakhand, India. In present communication the medicinal use of various zingiberaceous herb provoked us to study the chemical diversity and pharmacological activity determination of this important traditional herb. Experimental: The essential oil was extracted using hydrodistillation method and analyzed by GC-MS. Anti-inflamatory, anti-nociceptive and antipyretic activities of essential oil were experimently determined using mice model. Results: The major compounds identified were β-eudesmol (27.6%), (E)-β-caryophyllene (24.3%), α-humulene (3.0%), (6E)-nerolidol (4.1%), caryophyllene oxide (9.7%), γ-eudesmol (6.4%) and τ-muurolol (8.3%) besides other minor constituents. Essential oil of G. sessiliflora rhizome showed good anti-inflamatory, anti-nociceptive and antipyretic activities at the dose level of 100 mg/kg body weight. The oral administration of the essential oil exhibited no toxicity at 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg b.wt. concentration. Ibuprofen, indomthacin and paracetamol were used as standard drugs for comparison. Recommended applications/industries: G. sessiliflora essential oil can be used as herbal remedy for its nontoxicityanti-inflamatory, anti-nociceptive and antipyretic activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - بررسی پروفایل روغن های اسانسی حاصل از اندام های هوائی گیاه پونه سای البرزی با استفاده از روش های کلاسیک و روش های مبتنی بر مایکروویو: مقایسه با اجزاء فرار با استفاده از میکرواستخراج فاز جامد فضای فوقانی
مجید محمدحسینیزمینه و هدف: گیاه پونه سای البرزی یک گیاه داروئی بوده و این گزارش به شناسائی ساختارهای شیمیائی روغن های اسانسی و اجزاء فرار حاصل از اندام های هوائی این گیاه با استفاده از روش های سنتی و پیشرفته اختصاص دارد. روش تحقیق: پروفایل های شیمیائی روغن های اسانسی و اجزاء فرار حاص Moreزمینه و هدف: گیاه پونه سای البرزی یک گیاه داروئی بوده و این گزارش به شناسائی ساختارهای شیمیائی روغن های اسانسی و اجزاء فرار حاصل از اندام های هوائی این گیاه با استفاده از روش های سنتی و پیشرفته اختصاص دارد. روش تحقیق: پروفایل های شیمیائی روغن های اسانسی و اجزاء فرار حاصل از اندام های هوائی گیاه پونه سای البرزی با استفاده از روش تقطیر با آب، استخراج مایکروویو بدون حلال، تقطیر با آب به کمک مایکروویو و میکرواستخراج فاز جامد فضای فوقانی، در ادامه با دستگاه های کروماتوگراف گازی و کروماتوگراف گازی- طیف سنج جرمی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج و بحث: مجموعاً، 25، 26، 24 و 24 جزء در پروفایلهای شیمیائی شناسائی شدند که به ترتیب 98/1،96/6، 97/7 و 96/4 درصد کل ساختار را در بر می گیرند. در تمامی نمونه ها (به استثناء پروفایل حاصل از روش تقطیر با آب به کمک مایکروویو) بیشترین فراوانی متعلق به مونوترپن های اکسیژن دار بود در حالیکه در ساختار روغن استحصال شده به روش تقطیر با آب به کمک مایکروویو مونوترپن های هیدروکربنه بیشترین درصد را در اختیار داشتند. ترکیب ۴-آ-آلفا، ۷-آلفا، ۷-آ-آلفا، نپتولاکتون فراوان ترین ترکیب در روش های تقطیر با آب، استخراج مایکروویو بدون حلال و میکرواستخراج فاز جامد فضای فوقانی و ترکیب ۴-آ-آلفا، ۷-آلفا، ۷-آ-بتا نپتولاکتون، به عنوان مونوترپن اکسیژن دار وافر در روش تقطیر با آب به کمک مایکروویو، شناسائی شد. توصیه های صنعتی و عملی: استفاده از روش های جداسازی پیشرفته برای استحصال روغن های اسانسی سودمند، مقرون بصرفه زمانی بوده و در مقایسه با روش های سنتی و کلاسیک بمراتب مناسبتر هستند. بعلاوه، اهمیت این مطالعه، ریشه در این حقیقت دارد که روغن های اسانسی سرشار از مونوترپن های اکسیژن دار و مونوترپن های هیدروکربنه می توانند محافظت کننده های قوی فرآورده های غذائی و آنتی اکسیدان هائی بی نظیر باشند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - مطالعه اتنوبوتانی گیاهان دارویی بخش مرکزی شهرستان زنجان، استان زنجان
لیلا مقانلو فرخ قهرمانی نژاد مهناز وفادارمقدمه و هدف: هدف از این مطالعه، مستندسازی مصارف دارویی گیاهان مورد استفاده در بخش مرکزی شهرستان زنجان می باشد. گونه های دارویی و موارد مربوط به کاربردهای اتنوفارماکولوژی آنها با مراجعه به 32 نفر (17 مرد و 15 زن) از بومیان منطقه، پزشکان سنتی، عطارها و فروشندگان گیاهان خو Moreمقدمه و هدف: هدف از این مطالعه، مستندسازی مصارف دارویی گیاهان مورد استفاده در بخش مرکزی شهرستان زنجان می باشد. گونه های دارویی و موارد مربوط به کاربردهای اتنوفارماکولوژی آنها با مراجعه به 32 نفر (17 مرد و 15 زن) از بومیان منطقه، پزشکان سنتی، عطارها و فروشندگان گیاهان خودرو، جمع آوری گردید. روش تحقیق: در این مطالعه 77 گونه گیاهی متعلق به 32 خانواده گزارش شدند. نتایج نشان می دهد که خانواده Asteraceae با 14 گونه بیشترین تعداد گونه ها را شامل می شود. بخش هوایی گیاه با مقدار 27% ، دارای بیشترین تعداد کاربرد دارویی می باشد. نتایج و بحث: در بین گیاهان جمع آوری شده، Achillea millefolium, Achillea tenuifolia, Achillea wilhelmsii, Alcea transcaucasica Anchusa strigosa, Cichorium intybus, Cichorium pumilum, Descurainia sophia, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Falcaria vulgaris, Fumaria asepala, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Juglans regia, Malva neglecta, Mentha longifolia, Nasturtium officinalis, Peganum harmala, Rosa canina, Stachys lavandulifolia, Thymus kotschyanus, Tragopogon graminifolius، توسط بسیاری از ساکنین منطقه مورد استفاده قرار می گیرند. بیشترین مقدار FIC محاسبه شده در بین 14 گروه بیماری، معادل 0.92 است که مربوط به بیماریهای سرماخوردگی و مشکلات تنفسی می باشد. توصیه کاربردی: با توجه به تنوع زیاد گیاهان دارویی در منطقه، اهمیت مطالعات اتنوبوتانی در جهت حفظ گنجینه‌ای ارزشمند از تجربیات پزشکی، حفظ منابع گیاهی موجود، کشت و توسعه گیاهان دارویی سازگار با شرایط اکولوژیک منطقه، دستیابی به داروهای جدید و پیشرفت صنعت داروسازی و توسعه طرح‌های اشتغال‌زایی، ضروری می باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - استخراج و تعیین مقدار اسیدهای چرب ضروری در برگ گیاه خرفه (Portulaca oleracea L)
ژیلا اصغری سهره علی محمد زاده محسن مظاهری تهرانیمقدمه و هدف: گیاه خرفه (Portulaca oleracea L.) یک گونه خودرو از خانواده پورتولاکاسه است که در اغلب مناطق ایران می‌روید. بر اساس نتایج مطالعات انجام شده، این گونه منبعی غنی از اسیدهای چرب ضروری امگا-3 و امگا-6 می‌باشد. خرفه از لحاظ گستردگی، هشتمین گیاه متداول در دنیا می Moreمقدمه و هدف: گیاه خرفه (Portulaca oleracea L.) یک گونه خودرو از خانواده پورتولاکاسه است که در اغلب مناطق ایران می‌روید. بر اساس نتایج مطالعات انجام شده، این گونه منبعی غنی از اسیدهای چرب ضروری امگا-3 و امگا-6 می‌باشد. خرفه از لحاظ گستردگی، هشتمین گیاه متداول در دنیا می‌باشد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، مقایسه‌ی میزان اسیدهای چرب ضروری در نمونه‌های دو جمعیت گرگان و سردشت می‌باشد.روش تحقیق: روغن موجود در برگ گیاه خرفه از طریق دستگاه سوکسله و با استفاده از حلال پترولیوم اتر استخراج شد. اسیدهای چرب قبل از تزریق به کروماتوگرافی گازی، جهت بررسی کمی و کیفی، به متیل استر تبدیل شدند.نتایج و بحث: میزان روغن استخراج شده برای نمونه گرگان و سردشت، به ترتیب 73/4% و 81/4% برای نمونه‌‌ی گرگان و سردشت بود. در هر دو نمونه سه اسید چرب ضروری شناسایی شد که بیشترین مقدار مربوط به لینولنیک اسید، به میزان 43/105 و 97/148 (میلیگرم اسیدچرب به گرم روغن)، پس از آن لینولئیک اسید به میزان 13/30 و 31/39 (میلیگرم اسیدچرب به گرم روغن) و کمترین مقدار مربوط به آراشیدونیک اسید به میزان 16/5 و 30/8 (میلیگرم اسیدچرب به گرم روغن)، به ترتیب برای نمونه گرگان و سردشت بود.توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: نتایج حاصل نشان می دهد که میزان اسیدهای چرب ضروری در نمونه سردشت بیشتر از نمونه گرگان می‌باشد که بیانگر آن است که میزان روغن و ترکیب اسیدهای چرب روغن خرفه ممکن است تحت تاثیر شرایط آب و هوایی محل رویش آن باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - تاثیر تقویت حافظه عصاره متانولی ساقه Parquetina nigrescens در موش
محمود بخاری آیشاتو شهو یحیی محمد سانی گاربا محمد ماگاجیBackground and Aim: Parquetina nigrescens is an important plant in the Southwestern part of Nigeria used as memory enhancer. This study aimed to investigate the memory enhancing effect of the methanol stem extract of P. nigrescens (MSEPN). Experimental: Phytochemi MoreBackground and Aim: Parquetina nigrescens is an important plant in the Southwestern part of Nigeria used as memory enhancer. This study aimed to investigate the memory enhancing effect of the methanol stem extract of P. nigrescens (MSEPN). Experimental: Phytochemical screening was carried out on the extract and the oral median lethal dose (LD50) determined using the OECD 425 limit test. The effects of MPN (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) on learning and memory was evaluated in elevated plus maze (EPM), Barnes maze (BM) and novel object recognition test (NORT). The locomotive activity was studied using the open field test (OFT). The antiamnesic effect of the extract was assessed in EPM. Results: The phytochemical constituents in MSEPN were tannins, saponins, phenolics, carbohydrates and unsaturated sterols. The LD50 was ≥ 5000mg/kg. Piracetam and the extract significantly (p≤0.05) decreased transfer latencies (TL) on day 1 and 2 in EPM. In the BM, the escape latencies and escape errors were decreased significantly (p≤ 0.05, p≤ 0.01) at 250 and 1000 mg/kg, respectively. The time spent in target quadrant (TSQ) was significantly (p≤ 0.01) increased at 250 and 500 mg/kg of extract. Piracetam significantly decreased escape latency (p≤ 0.05), escape errors (p ≤ 0.01) and increased TSQ. Discrimination index in the NORT was significantly (p ≤ 0.01) increased. The extract did not significantly alter the number of square cross (NSC) and rearing (NR) but significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased TL increased by diazepam on day 1. Piracetam increased NSC and NR and significantly (p≤ 0.01, p≤ 0.05) decreased TL on day 1 and 2 in EPM. Recommended applications/industries: The memory enhancing potential of MSEPN can be applied in the treatment of amnesia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - اثر محافظتی عصاره اتانولی دانه Citrus paradisi Macfad علیه سمیت کبدی ناشی از پاراستامول در موش های صحرایی ویستار
گادویل جی اودوم اومونیی کا یمیتان امم ای اومو اچ. او. سی ماگوو اکمینی ای یوکپه پول اس. توماسBackground & Aim: The human body has the liver as one of its largest organs. It serves as the major site for metabolism and excretion. Injury to the liver or impairment of its functions may complicate one’s health and therefore, constitutes one of the ser MoreBackground & Aim: The human body has the liver as one of its largest organs. It serves as the major site for metabolism and excretion. Injury to the liver or impairment of its functions may complicate one’s health and therefore, constitutes one of the serious public health challenges. The ethanol seed extract of Citrus paradisi Macfad (CPE) was carried out to evaluate its protective usefulness on the liver against paracematol-induced liver injury. Experimental: Thirty adult male Wistar rats were randomly allotted to five groups (6/group) and orally-treated daily with 100 mg/kg body weight of silymarin (positive Control), 10 ml/kg body weight of distilled water (negative control) and CPE (200, 400 and 600 mg/kg) body weight, respectively for 7 days. On the eighth day, all groups were administered 2 g/kg body weight of paracetamol. 24 h thereafter, animals were sacrificed under diethyl ether anesthesia and blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture for biochemical and haematological investigations. Results: Compared to the negative control, extract (200 – 600 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.05)reduced the activities of ALP, ALT and AST dose-dependently. Extract significantly (p<0.05) elevated all blood parameters except for neutrophil differentials. Recommended applications/industries: Grapefruit seed extract possesses hepatoprotective potential and can be used as an antidote against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Porous and Bifunctional ZnO-Hydroxyapatite Nanostructure for Photocatalytic Degradation of Paracetamol and Methylene Blue in Water
Jihane Labrag Chaimaa El Bekkali Abdeladim Oulguidoum D. Robert Abdelaziz Laghzizil J. M. Nunzi -
Open Access Article
128 - The New Progresses in Trace Mineral Requirements of Broilers, a Review
ب. نویدشاد م. محمدرضائی م. زارعی ر. ولی زاده س. کرامتی ف. رضائی ص. جباری ر. کچوئی پ. اسمائیل نسب -
Open Access Article
129 - Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Have Beneficial Effect on Frozen-Thawed Spermatozoa of Holstein Bulls
F. Farhadi A. Towhidi M. Shakeri A. Seifi-Jamadi -
Open Access Article
130 - Frequency of Limb Injuries Between Thoroughbred and Arabian Horses
M. Pieszka J. Luszcynski A. Baranowska -
Open Access Article
131 - The Effect of Trace Mineral Source on Nutrients Digestibility and Ruminal Fermentation Parameters
A. Abdian Samarin M.A. Norouzian A. Afzalzadeh -
Open Access Article
132 - تأثیر تزریق کبالت، مس و آهن در انتهای آبستنی بر فراسنجه‌های خونی میش و عملکرد بره‌ها پس از تولد
م.ع. نوروزیان م. ملاکی ع.ا. خادم این مطالعه به منظور بررسی تأثیر تزریق عناصر معدنی کبالت، مس و آهن در انتهای آبستنی بر فراسنجه‌های خونی و همچنین عملکرد و توان زنده‌مانی بره‌های متولد شده انجام شد. تعداد 20 رأس میش آبستن به دو گروه تقسیم شده و به گروه تیمار در روز 120 آبستنی، عناصر معدنی به More این مطالعه به منظور بررسی تأثیر تزریق عناصر معدنی کبالت، مس و آهن در انتهای آبستنی بر فراسنجه‌های خونی و همچنین عملکرد و توان زنده‌مانی بره‌های متولد شده انجام شد. تعداد 20 رأس میش آبستن به دو گروه تقسیم شده و به گروه تیمار در روز 120 آبستنی، عناصر معدنی به مقدار 1/0 میلیلیتر به ازای هر کیلوگرم وزن بدن و به گروه شاهد همان مقدار سرم فیزیولوژیک تزریق شد. تزریق عناصر معدنی تأثیری بر فراسنجه‌های خون میش‌ها نداشت. همچنین تفاوت معنی‌داری برای وزن تولد، دمای راست روده و وزن از شیرگیری بره‌ها بین تیمار‌ها مشاهده نشد. نمره زنده‌مانی شامل توان بلند شدن و شیرخوردن تفاوت معنی‌داری بین تیمارهای آزمایشی نداشت. به نظر می‌رسد که استفاده از مکمل‌های عناصر معدنی کم نیاز در انتهای آبستنی، تنها در شرایط کمبود این عناصر تأثیرگذار باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Review on Properties of Selenium in Animal Nutrition
ش. قادرزاده ف. میرزایی آقجه قشلاق س. نیک بین ب. نوید شاد -
Open Access Article
134 - Influence of plant growth regulators (BA, TDZ, 2-iP and NAA) on micropropagation of Aglaonema widuri
Behazd Kaviani Shahram Sedaghathoor Mohammad Reza Safari Motlagh Seddigeh Rouhi -
Open Access Article
135 - Substitution of inorganic fertilizers with organic manure reduces nitrate accumulation and improves quality of purslane
Sina Fallah Behjat Omrani -
Open Access Article
136 - Influence of plant growth regulators (BA, TDZ, 2-iP and NAA) on micropropagation of Aglaonema widuri
Behazd Kaviani Shahram Sedaghathoor Mohammad Reza Safari Motlagh Seddigeh Rouhi -
Open Access Article
137 - اثر BAP و NAA روی ریزازدیادی کالادیوم Caladium bicolor (Aiton) Vent.))، یک گیاه زینتی
شیما صیدی ناصر نگهدار راضیه تقی زاده اندواری محمد حسین انصاری بهزاد کاویانیریزنمونههای برگ کالادیوم در شرایط درون شیشه‌ای روی محیط‌های MS همراه با 25 غلظت مختلف از BAP و NAA به‌منظور تعیین غلظت‌های مناسب برای ریزازدیادی کشت شدند. تمام ترکیبات تشکیل کالوس را روی ریز نمونه‌ها القا کردند. تولید کالوس روی ریزنمونه‌های برگی رشد یافته روی محیط شاهد Moreریزنمونه‌های برگ کالادیوم در شرایط درون شیشه‌ای روی محیط‌های MS همراه با 25 غلظت مختلف از BAP و NAA به‌منظور تعیین غلظت‌های مناسب برای ریزازدیادی کشت شدند. تمام ترکیبات تشکیل کالوس را روی ریز نمونه‌ها القا کردند. تولید کالوس روی ریزنمونه‌های برگی رشد یافته روی محیط شاهد بسیار کم بود. محیط غنی شده با 4 میلیگرم بر لیتر BAP + 5/0 میلیگرم بر لیتر NAA برای تشکیل کالوس موثرترین بودند. بیشترین تعداد نوشاخه‌ها (43/6 در ریزنمونه) و بیشترین تعداد ریشه‌ها (56/5 در ریز نمونه) بهترتیب روی محیط‌های حاوی یک میلیگرم بر لیتر BAP + 5/0 میلیگرم بر لیتر NAA و 3 میلیگرم بر لیتر BAP + 5/0 میلیگرم بر لیتر NAA تولید شدند. گیاهچه‌های باززایی شده در شرایط گلخانه‌ای رشد داده شدند و بطور موفقیت‌آمیزی سازگار گردیدند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Off-Season Flower Induction of ‘Praying Mantis Ginger’ Larsenianthus Careyanus (Benth.) W.J. Kress & Mood (Zingiberaceae) Through Low Temperature and Night Break
K. M. Prabhu Kumar V. P. Thomas M. Sabu K. V. MohananThe experiment was carried out to study the impact of chilling and night break on the flowering of ornamental plants in their off-season period. Larsenianthus careyanus (Benth.) W.J. Kress & Mood is a wild potential ornamental ginger naturally growing in the evergre MoreThe experiment was carried out to study the impact of chilling and night break on the flowering of ornamental plants in their off-season period. Larsenianthus careyanus (Benth.) W.J. Kress & Mood is a wild potential ornamental ginger naturally growing in the evergreen forest of North Eastern states of India was selected for the current study. The rhizomes were collected and stored at 15oC for 8 months during March to October. The sprouted rhizomes after chilling treatment were planted at regular interval and sprouted plants were transferred to greenhouse with controlled light during night hours using incandescent lamp to extend flower production from December to March. Off-season flowering was observed during January to March. A detailed morphological analysis of 23 attributes of plants under study was recorded. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - اثر اسید سالیسیلیک، اسید سیتریک و اسید آسکوربیک روی کیفیت پس از برداشت و عمر گلجای گل های بریده ژربرا
مونا مهدی خواه رسول انسی نژاد محمد نبی ایلکایی بهزاد کاویانیگل بریده ژربرا به آلودگی میکروبی حساس است و عمر گلجایی کوتاهی دارد. اثر اسید سالیسیلیک، اسید سیتریک و اسید آسکوربیک (50، 100 و 200 میلی­گرم بر لیتر) روی عمر گلجای گل­های ژربرا ارزیابی شد. تغییرات در عمر گلجای، جذب آب و جمعیت باکتریایی در ساقه و محلول گلجای، همچن Moreگل بریده ژربرا به آلودگی میکروبی حساس است و عمر گلجایی کوتاهی دارد. اثر اسید سالیسیلیک، اسید سیتریک و اسید آسکوربیک (50، 100 و 200 میلی­گرم بر لیتر) روی عمر گلجای گل­های ژربرا ارزیابی شد. تغییرات در عمر گلجای، جذب آب و جمعیت باکتریایی در ساقه و محلول گلجای، همچنین ویژگی­های بیوشیمیایی مانند غلظت پروتیین، سطح پراکسیده­شدن لیپید و فعالیت آنزیم­هایی نظیر سوپراکسید دیسموتاز و پراکسیداز اندازه­گیری شدند و با شاهد مورد مقایسه قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشینه عمر گلجای (31/11 و 21/11 روز) به­ترتیب در 100 میلی­گرم بر لیتر هم اسید سیتریک و هم اسید سالیسیلیک به­دست آمد. عمر گلجایی گل­های شاخه­بریده شاهد 80/5 روز بود. بیشترین جذب محلول (907/0 میلی­لیتر بر گرم وزن تر) همچنین در 100 میلی­گرم بر لیتر اسید سیتریک به­دست آمد. کمترین کلنی باکتریایی در انتهای ساقه (151) و محلول گلجای (33/66) در 100 میلی­گرم بر لیتر اسید سیتریک به­دست آمد. تفاوت­ها بین میزان کلنی­های باکتریایی در محلول گلجای حاوی 200 میلی­گرم بر لیتر اسید سیتریک و 100 و 200 میلی­گرم بر لیتر اسید سالیسیلیک با 100 میلی­گرم بر لیتر اسید سیتریک معنی­دار نبود. کمترین مقدار (04/46 و 21/46 نانومول بر گرم وزن تر) پراکسیده­شدن لیپید (MDA) به­ترتیب از گل­های بریده تیمارشده با 200 میلی­گرم بر لیتر اسید سیتریک و 100 میلی­گرم بر لیتر اسید سالیسیلیک به­دست آمد. بیشینه فعالیت پراکسیداز (063/0 میلی­مول بر گرم وزن تر) و سوپراکسید دیسموتاز (80/40 نانو­مول بر گرم وزن تر) در 200 میلی­گرم بر لیتر اسید سیتریک مشاهده شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Applications of SEM-EDAX method in study of Baba-Ali & Galali iron ore, west of Hamedan
Godratollah Rostami Paydar Mohammad Lotfi Majid Ghaderi Mansor Vossoughi-Abedini Azadeh Amiri -
Open Access Article
141 - Environmental geochemistry of some major, minor and trace elements in Kerman urban areas
Mohammadali Hamzeh Amir reza Zarisfi -
Open Access Article
142 - DESIGN OF AN INTEGRATED IN-LINE TRACEABILITY AND ERP SYSTEM – A CASE STUDY APPROACH
Senthil Kumar M.M P Raghuram Naveen Kumar A -
Open Access Article
143 - Cyclic Testing of Steel Chevron Braces with Vertically Slotted Beam Connection
Rozlyn K. Bubela Carlos E. Ventura Helmut G.L Prion -
Open Access Article
144 - Study of defense mechanism of microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis infected by Paraphysoderma sedebokerensis
Bahareh Nahidian Faezeh Ghanati Maryam Shahbazi neda Soltani Morteza GholamiIn the present study, the first early physiological responses of the green micro algae Haematococcus pluvialis during infection by chytrid Paraphysoderma sedebokerensis was studied. To this end, the palmeloid form of Haematococcus pluvialis was cultivated for two days i MoreIn the present study, the first early physiological responses of the green micro algae Haematococcus pluvialis during infection by chytrid Paraphysoderma sedebokerensis was studied. To this end, the palmeloid form of Haematococcus pluvialis was cultivated for two days in three media including the medium infected with chytrid (chyt) and the culture of chytrid infected (IBS) and uncontaminated (HBS) cells. Then, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, extracellular peroxide, and free intracellular enzymes were determined by UV/Vis spectrophotometry and HPLC techniques. The activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase in the chytrid infected cells after 24, 24, and 48 h was 2.3, 6.7, and 2.6 times higher those of control. These values for the cells cultivated with the infected media after 12, 12, and 36 h was found to be 2.1, 2.5, and 2.6 times higher than control. The extracellular peroxide content in the algae cultivated with the contaminated media was nearly constant and about 4 fold of the other specimens; while those of chytrid infected cells was slightly increased from 1.3 to 1.8 μM during 48 h cultivation. Amino acids histidine, alanine, asparagine, aspatic acid, arginine, and methionine were of the highest and the phenylalanine and tryptophan were of the lowest content. These results can be attributed to the cells defense response to chytrid infection thorough enhancement of peroxide content and activation of antioxidative pathways. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - In Vitro Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Callogenesis and Suspension Culture Optimization of Portulaca oleracea L.
Manizheh JamshidiIn this research, the effect of type and concentration of BAP and 2,4-D plant growth regulators on callogenesis of hypocotyl and leaf explants of Portulaca oleracea in MS medium containing 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/L of 2,4-D and BAP and optimization of cell suspension culture wi MoreIn this research, the effect of type and concentration of BAP and 2,4-D plant growth regulators on callogenesis of hypocotyl and leaf explants of Portulaca oleracea in MS medium containing 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/L of 2,4-D and BAP and optimization of cell suspension culture with different plant growth regulators in MS medium containing 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/L 2,4-D, 0.5 and 1 mg/L BAP, 0.2 and 0.5 mg/L Kin each one containing 20 and 30 g/l sucrose concentration, were investigated. Based on the results, both of the samples had 100 percentage callus induction, but the function of hypocotyl callus was significantly higher than the leaf callus. MS culture media containing 2 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D, 2 mg/l BAP and 1 mg/l 2,4-D, 1 mg/l BAP and 1 mg/l 2,4-D, 1 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D, 0.5 mg/l BAP And 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D and 1 mg/l BAP and 2 mg/l 2,4-D, all containing 150 mg/l ascorbic acid in both explants have the highest yield (wet weight of callus). In the cell suspension culture, there was a significant difference between treatments with the plant growth regulators in terms of number of cells in per ml, SCV, PCV and treatment duration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Quality and quantity Comparison of clustered Sa oregano essence(Nepeta racemose ) at different stages of growth
fateme zandi toghan giti barzin ali mazoojiClustered Oregano Sai with the scientific name, Nepeta racemosa L. from Spearmint family, is a plant like a grass, and one of the most important medicinal plants in the world and our country that has significant amounts of secondary metabolites and is especially essence MoreClustered Oregano Sai with the scientific name, Nepeta racemosa L. from Spearmint family, is a plant like a grass, and one of the most important medicinal plants in the world and our country that has significant amounts of secondary metabolites and is especially essence. Useful material of this plant, is using in the medicine field and pharmaceutical industry and cosmetics and hygienic field.(khalad Barin and Islam zade, 1380). The purpose of this study is to analyze and study the essence oil of clustered Sai Oregano plant at different growth stages. clustered Sa oregano essence plant (Napata racemosa) from mid-July to early of August 1393 during phase before flowering, After flowering and fruiting phase in Haraz Road area after the Holy Hashem ( imam zade) Plur three ways toward Lar, is collected After identification. After collecting and drying, essence oils of samples are taken by using distillation and Clevenger apparatus. Clustered Sa oregano essence, monoterpene component has highest percentage of plant clustered Sa oregano essence, in all 5 stages. In the meantime, the two combined composition of Nptalactones and 1,8-cineole were higher than the other compounds. In many of the studies on the chemical composition of essences that are exist in the resources; Monoterpenes compounds constitute the most of their component (33). And in some of them Npta monoterpene lactones and 1,8-cineole are main ingredients of essence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Comparative study and physiological indexation of extracellular polysaccharids in cell culture and cyanobacterial proliferation
rezvan karami borzabad Abolfazl Baghbani- AraniExtracellular Polysaccharides or Extracellular Polymeric Substances, EPS are polyester compounds that are produce in some cyanobacterial genera. In this study, physiological characteristics and extracellular polysaccharides have been investigated and compared in three d MoreExtracellular Polysaccharides or Extracellular Polymeric Substances, EPS are polyester compounds that are produce in some cyanobacterial genera. In this study, physiological characteristics and extracellular polysaccharides have been investigated and compared in three different cyanobacteria; a heterocystic bundled, a nonheterocystic bundled and single cell strain. The results of growth rates and growth curves of these three samples indicate that cyanobacterium unicellular Synechococcus sp. Compared to heterocystic bundled; Nostoc sp. and nonheterocystic bundled Phormidium sp. is growing more. Meanwhile, the polysaccharide measurements of these three samples show that the production of the polysaccharides of all three samples at the end of the growth phase reaches the maximum and that the strain of Phormidium sp. has the ability to produce the highest amount of polysaccharides, especially extracellular, whereas the nitrogenase activity of these strains was also consistent with their growth, so that the strain of Synechococcus sp. has the most nitrogenase activity and Nostoc sp. has a second rank in this regard, with a minor difference. In this way it is concluded that the strain of Phormidium sp. is a prime example that has the ability to produce polysaccharides, especially extracellular polymers, to a large extent scale, and can compete in different sectors with synthetic polymers such as xanthan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Chromosomal number of Carduus pycnocephalus L. in the west of Iran
mehdi heidarian Seyed-Mohammad Masoumi Abdolkarim Chehregani RadCarduus L. species (belong to Asteraceae Bercht. and J. Pres) replace endemic plant species by forming dense colonies and can compete with native vegetation for light, nutrition, and moisture. In order to obtain more information about this invasive genus, the chromosoma MoreCarduus L. species (belong to Asteraceae Bercht. and J. Pres) replace endemic plant species by forming dense colonies and can compete with native vegetation for light, nutrition, and moisture. In order to obtain more information about this invasive genus, the chromosomal number of Carduus pycnocephalus L. were investigated from Hamedan and Kermanshah provinces in the west of Iran. 14 special stations were selected of some parts of these provinces. Chromosomal counting was done in the metaphase stage of the root meristems by seed germination and by using the standard squash method. Results showed that chromosomal number in these studied taxa was 2n=2x=34 in 14 populations gathered in this research. By comparing the chromosome number found in this study with previous research, this chromosome number is belonging to C. pycnocephalus subsp. arabicus (Jacq. ex Murray) Nyman. Therefore, the diploid chromosome number in the taxa of this species can be taxonomical value. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - Inflorescence and fruit structure in Maclura pomifera (Moraceae): study of its parthenogenesis
Roza Arab Farkhondeh RezanejadMaclura pomifera (Moraceae), known as souda or American mulberry, is dioecious, about 5-8 meters long that its fruits have a very sticky sap. In different areas of Kerman city, no male tree was observed and all distributed plants were female. Interestingly, these female MoreMaclura pomifera (Moraceae), known as souda or American mulberry, is dioecious, about 5-8 meters long that its fruits have a very sticky sap. In different areas of Kerman city, no male tree was observed and all distributed plants were female. Interestingly, these female trees, produced seeds. It has been reported that some species Moraceae produce fruits and seeds without fertilization, a phenomenon called parthenogenesis. In this study, the structure of inflorescences and flowers were investigated. Further, some flowers were covered with wax paper bags to prevent pollination. The presence of pollen in pistil tissues was studied with a fluorescent microscopy. The dense and spherical female inflorescence has about 60-70 flowers with a single- whorled perianth similar to the sepals. The sepals were tetrameric and pink at young first and become fleshy and green during growth. The pistil and perianth (sepals) surrounding it together developed to a drupe like fruit. The pistil was unicarpellate and long style. The drupe-like fruits form each inflorescence formed accessory fruit, atypical fruit, with pomaceous view. No pollen grains were observed on pistil tissues (stigma, style and ovary) by aniline blue staining. The fruits of both closed (by wax paper bags) and open inflorescences produced about 8-18 seeds. The seeds was viable and during germination produced seedlings in perlite media without any chemical or physical treatment. Seed formation without pollination and fertilization in this species confirms the parthenogenesis phenomenon; this study is the first report about the occurrence of parthenogenesis in M. pomifera. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - َMicrogametophyte development in Leucantemum vulgare L.
zahra baghaeifarIn this research, developmental stages of microsporogenesis and pollen grains development of leucantemum vulgare for Asteraceae family were studied. The flowers and buds in different developmental stages were removed, fixed in FAA70%, stored in 70% ethanol, embedded in MoreIn this research, developmental stages of microsporogenesis and pollen grains development of leucantemum vulgare for Asteraceae family were studied. The flowers and buds in different developmental stages were removed, fixed in FAA70%, stored in 70% ethanol, embedded in paraffin and then sliced at 7 µm by microtome. Staining was carried out with Eosin and contrasted with Hematoxylin. The prepared slides were studied using light microscope. The result indicated that the formation and development of stamen primordum sooner than development of the pistil is done. The anthers were tetra-sporangiate. Pollen tetrads were tetragonal and tetrahedral (tetrahedral is more than tetragonal). Cytokinesis was synchronous. The mature pollen grains are spherical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - A Comparative Study on Political Theology in Western and Islamic Political Thought
Garineh Keshishyan Siraki Hossein Jahanshahi -
Open Access Article
152 - Verbal and Theological Topics in Western political thought
Garineh Keshishian Hossein Jahanshahi -
Open Access Article
153 - Ultra trace determination of Ranitidine in drinking water, tablet, serum (blood) , and human urine by a colorimetric method based on the aggregation of gold nanoparticles
maryam moradi mahmoodreza sohrabi saeed mortazavi nikAbstract: This research introduces a simple, sensitive, and rapid ultraviolet- visible spectrophotometry method for determination of ultra-trace amount of Ranitidine (RAN) in several sample such as drinking water, tablet, serum (blood), and human urine using gold nan MoreAbstract: This research introduces a simple, sensitive, and rapid ultraviolet- visible spectrophotometry method for determination of ultra-trace amount of Ranitidine (RAN) in several sample such as drinking water, tablet, serum (blood), and human urine using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) property of AuNPs and the interaction between RAN and AuNPs is the base of this method. The addition of RAN into AuNPs led to the aggregation of AuNPs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) proved aggregation of AuNPs in the presence of RAN. Also, the size of the nanoparticles distribution was evaluated by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The parameters that affect the absorbance such as pH, type and volume of buffer, AuNPs concentration, interaction time, ionic strength, and interfering ions were investigated and optimized. Linear range was obtained 25-300 μgL-1 in the optimum conditions. Also, the correlation coefficient (R2 =0.9955) and the limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ) were equal to 1.45 μgL-1, and 1.63 μgL-1, respectively. In addition, the effect of interfering species was investigated. Eventually, the results showed that the proposed method had a high potential for rapid, sensitive, and accurate determination of RAN Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - Application of statistical methods of time series analysis for a very fast and accurate determination of equilibrium thermodynamic conditions of gas-liquid water-hydrate systems in isochoric operation
اکبر ایراندوختIn this research work, a very fast and accurate new method for determining equilibrium thermodynamic conditions in gas-liquid water-hydrate systems is presented. In this method, only temperature and pressure data in the cooling trace are needed to determine the equilibr MoreIn this research work, a very fast and accurate new method for determining equilibrium thermodynamic conditions in gas-liquid water-hydrate systems is presented. In this method, only temperature and pressure data in the cooling trace are needed to determine the equilibrium points of hydrate formation. The required time to obtain equilibrium thermodynamic conditions for gas hydrate formation are greatly reduced and more accurate results are obtained, using statistical concepts of time series analysis as well as cumulative sum technique in change point detection. With this method, four experiments were performed to determine the equilibrium thermodynamic conditions for ethane gas hydrate. The average percentage of absolute deviations obtained with Deaton-Frost experimental data, Kamath's correction relationship, and AQUAlibrium and CSMHYD softwares were 5.67, 2.49, 9.54, and 1.89, respectively. In addition, the experimental data obtained by Curtin University researchers in Australia about the effect of 1000 ppm of pTSA surfactant in methane hydrate were investigated with this method. The absolute deviation percentage compared to the experimental data and their statistical thermodynamic modeling estimate were 0.23 and 1.89, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - A Jungian and Mystical approach to Divine Grace
علی محمد پشتدار محمدرضا عباسپور خرمالو Almost all religions and schisms believe that man has extrasensory powers, but the most important question is how it can be obtained. Islamic mystics, especially Mohammad Lahiji (d. 912/1506), commenter of Shabestari's Golshan-e Rāz, offer a way to obtain t More Almost all religions and schisms believe that man has extrasensory powers, but the most important question is how it can be obtained. Islamic mystics, especially Mohammad Lahiji (d. 912/1506), commenter of Shabestari's Golshan-e Rāz, offer a way to obtain this power and mystical state (maqām). They want the holy travelers (salek) to purify their hearts and, as a result, acquire the Divine grace (karamat). Carl Gustav Jung, A Christian psychiatrist, with respect to notions of conscious and unconscious, also, proposes the possibility of achieving extrasensory powers. In this paper, the ways of gaining extrasensory powers in order to acquire Divine grace will be discussed from psychological and mystical points of view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - Karāmat and Its Functions in the Early Islamic Mystical Texts
Seyyed Jalāl Mousavi Many of states and moods in the way of reaching the Reality, in mystical texts, are viewed as a veil that prevents the holy traveler (sālek). In the present article, the views of mystics concerning extra-ordinary events are considered. There are three approaches More Many of states and moods in the way of reaching the Reality, in mystical texts, are viewed as a veil that prevents the holy traveler (sālek). In the present article, the views of mystics concerning extra-ordinary events are considered. There are three approaches to extra-ordinary events: legitimate, mystical and the third one which tries to discover and explain the concept of Divine grace (karāmat). The first approach wants to coordinate karāmat and miracle and believes that the function of miracle is to confirm the mission of a prophet. In the mystical approach, karāmat is supposed to be a veiling, and the sālek is forbidden from it. But the holder of the third approach, without any idealism, has a positive view about karāmat and explains karāmat and its functions with respect to states in which the mystics are in. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - Antimicrobial effects of extracellular copper sulfide nanoparticles synthesized from Bacillus licheniformis
Morahem Ashengroph Maryam Sahami-SoltaniBackground & Objectives: Copper nanoparticles due to unique catalytic properties and electrical and optical conductivity are of great importance. This study was aimed to use the potential of aquatic bacteria as biocatalysts to reduce copper sulfate into copper sulfi MoreBackground & Objectives: Copper nanoparticles due to unique catalytic properties and electrical and optical conductivity are of great importance. This study was aimed to use the potential of aquatic bacteria as biocatalysts to reduce copper sulfate into copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuSNPs) and to assess its antimicrobial properties.Materials & Methods: The CuSNPs produced via bioconversion reaction have been characterized by spectroscopy analysis, electro-micrographs prepared by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size distribution histogram. The antimicrobial activity of CuSNPs against some bacteria and pathogenic fungi was also investigated by disc diffusion test.Results: 105 Cu-resistant bacterial strains have been isolated according to selective enrichment technique. Based on the results, the only culture supernatant of strain Cu25 was able to reduce copper sulfate into copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuSNPs), extracellular. The cu25 strain was identified as Bacillus licheniformis based on phenotypic and molecular analysis. Subsequently, the extracellular synthesis of CuSNPs was investigated. The results showed that the supernatant of B. licheniformis Cu25 following exposure to 7.5 mM copper sulfate solution and 24 h of incubation can produce spherical CuSNPs with the average diameter of 21.5 nm as extracellular.Conclusion: The current study is the first report on the extracellular synthesis of CuSNPs using B. licheniformis. Also, the produced biological nanoparticles have growth inhibitory effect against some pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - Crude oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) biodegradation by Exophiala sp. UTMC 5043
Farahnaz Akbarzadeh Hamid Moghimi Shamsozoha Abolmaali Javad HamediBackground & Objectives: Today, crude oil products are one of the most widely used chemicals in the world. Daily, large volumes of crude oil and their derivatives are poured into the environment. The aim of this study was to isolate and evaluate Iranian indigenous y MoreBackground & Objectives: Today, crude oil products are one of the most widely used chemicals in the world. Daily, large volumes of crude oil and their derivatives are poured into the environment. The aim of this study was to isolate and evaluate Iranian indigenous yeast strains for the purpose of bioremediation of crude oil pollutants.Materials & Methods: Soil samples were collected from different oil-contaminated areas of Iran. The samples were cultured for 14 days on Bushnell Hass medium containing 0.5 % crude oil and 100 mg l-1 tetracycline. The crude oil degradation was measured by TPH assay at 420 nm. Removal of 100 ppm of phenanthrene, anthracene, and pyrene as model polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was studied using HPLC method. The superior yeast strain was identified by ITS gene sequencing and alignment in the NCBI database.Results: Totally, 47 yeast strains were isolated. TPH assay showed that FA14 isolate with 89% degradation rate within 14 days was the most powerful isolate in the removal of PAHs. ITS gene sequencing followed by alignment in NCBI indicated that FA14 belongs to the genus Exophiala sp., showing 99% similarity. Furthermore, the results indicated that within 14 days phenanthrene, anthracene, and pyrene were degraded by FA14 with the rate of 97.67 %, 57.0 %, and 95.38 %, respectively.Conclusion: Our results showed that Exophiala sp. has a high ability for biodegradation of crude oil and PAHs. Therefore, it could be introduced as a potent strain for bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil samples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - Isolation, molecular identification & anthracene biodegradation of Nocardia cyriacigeorgica isolated from oil refinery soil in Isfahan
Imaneh Amini Arezoo Tahmourespour Atousa Abdollahi Monir DoudiBackground and Objectives: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of non-polar compounds that are categorized as one of main environmental concerns due to their highly toxicity and persistent in the environment. Biodegradation of such pollutants is a safe i MoreBackground and Objectives: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of non-polar compounds that are categorized as one of main environmental concerns due to their highly toxicity and persistent in the environment. Biodegradation of such pollutants is a safe inexpensive clean up method. This study was aimed to isolation and molecular identification of a Nocardia strain with the ability to degrade anthracene in vitro condition. Material & methods: Petroleum contaminated soil sample was collected from Isfahan refinery and some chemical properties of sample were measured. Anthracene degrading bacteria were isolated by the enrichment culture technique in basal salt medium with 50 mg/l anthracene. Only one isolate with similar morphology to Nocardia sp was selected. Identification of isolate was done based on biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene analyses. Then, the biodegradation rate of anthracene was measured after 9 days by Gas chromatography (GC). Results: Anthracene concentration in soil sample was 18.48 mg/kg that is more than allowable concentration. Isolate was recorded as Nocardia cyriacigeorgica ATAI20 in the NCBI database under accession number KF113844. Biodegradation of anthracene (50 mg/l) was 36.60% after 9 days. Conclusion: Based on this study, Nocardia cyriacigeorgica ATAI20 was actively able to degrade aromatic hydrocarbons. Therefore, further studies would be useful for commercial application of this strain in bioremediation of antheracene from polluted wastewaters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Study of ability Fusarium oxysporum fungi in extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticle in vitro
Golshid Sajjadi Abolfath Shojaiee Mohammad Reza Fazeli Javid Amini Hossain JamalifarBackground and Objective: Development of methods without using plotant and poisonous material and minimum wastes to produce under control nano structures is of nanotechnologist concerns. In this way biologists, by previous knowledge, nano-scale minerals controlled makin MoreBackground and Objective: Development of methods without using plotant and poisonous material and minimum wastes to produce under control nano structures is of nanotechnologist concerns. In this way biologists, by previous knowledge, nano-scale minerals controlled making by microorganism, seeking organism capable making non-organic nanoparticles. The aim of this study is extracellular production of silver nanoparticles with maximum dimention of 20 nm by Fusarium oxysporum fungi. Materials and methods: After studies to optimize growth condition, Fusarium oxysporum biomass in a medium containing yeast and malt extract is reproduced. After silver nanoparticles production in silver nitrate solution, this nanoparticles are studies by UV-Visible Spectrophotometry and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) methods. Results: Studies showed that when Fusarium oxysporum biomass put in 10-3 M of silver ions, can produce silver nanoparticles in the form of extracellular. Conclusion: Because of physical and chemical particular properties of silver nanoparticles with maximum diameter of 20 nm of Fusarium oxysporum fungi, its industrial production and applied evaluation is offered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Examining the concept of religion from the point of view of Calvinism in two short stories "Young Goodman" and "The Priest's Black Mask" by Nathanael Hawthorne
fatemeh azizmohammadiThe research of the two short stories "Goodman the Younger" and "The Priest's Black Mask" by Nathanael Hawthorne is evaluated and explained by examining the concept of religion, sin, and salvation based on Calvinism's point of view, such as absolute destruction, definit MoreThe research of the two short stories "Goodman the Younger" and "The Priest's Black Mask" by Nathanael Hawthorne is evaluated and explained by examining the concept of religion, sin, and salvation based on Calvinism's point of view, such as absolute destruction, definite choice, forced grace, conditional compensation, and the persistence of the pious. It also explains the view of John Calvin's theory in relation to the literary field and how to use it to describe the works of Nathanael Hawthorne. The theoretical framework that has been considered for this research is the examination of the concepts of Calvinism and the short stories of Hawthorne, Goodman Brown, and The Priest's Black Mask. This research is actually a more detailed study of Hawthorne's two short stories, which has two theoretical and practical dimensions. First, in the theory section, a detailed and general history of the religion of Calvinism and how this religion was formed was presented, and then Hawthorne's position as a religious writer was examined in his works. In the practical part, the concepts of Calvinism were practically examined on the works of Hawthorne. This research has examined the effects of Calvinism in the Puritan society on Hawthorne's short stories and has thoroughly clarified the role of New England as the main setting of his stories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - The Effect of The Doctrine of intercession on Moral and Social behavior According to Mulla Sadra’s Theory and Quran Verses
-- -- -- -- -- --The aim of the article is to investigate the effect of the doctrine of intercession on moral and social behavior based on the opinion of Mulla Sadra and the Quranic verses that Descriptive method and document analysis was done using library tools. Based on Quranic verse MoreThe aim of the article is to investigate the effect of the doctrine of intercession on moral and social behavior based on the opinion of Mulla Sadra and the Quranic verses that Descriptive method and document analysis was done using library tools. Based on Quranic verses and opinion The thought of "Sadr al-Mutalahin Shirazi", the issue of intercession based on the principle of the possibility of divine favors, a ray of light from the Holy Prophet The world of possibilities by means of the possibility of existence is exalted to the possibilities of the self in the course of degrees and downward arc to the beyond of intellects, souls and natures.It spreads all over and in the series of return from: Prophets, Saints and Scholars, it is manifested on the nature of souls and minds until in this process, in the form of Ethical behavior should emerge on human action in human society and the field of excellence and mental and practical evolution for making style Life is based on the standard of divine values. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Arms Race and Management of Regional Defense in the States of Persian Gulf (1990-2010)
Hadi Sadeghi aval Farhad Ghasemi Bahareh PurjamTraditionally, units of International System have sought military competition to provide for their own security and the management of regional and international defense which has led to arms race .In recent years, arms race mainly is seen between Arab countries in the P MoreTraditionally, units of International System have sought military competition to provide for their own security and the management of regional and international defense which has led to arms race .In recent years, arms race mainly is seen between Arab countries in the Persian Gulf .In fact, regardless of the strategic and ideological competition in the Arab countries against Islamic Republic of Iran, western governments and the United States, directly or indirectly, due to issues such as energy security, increase arms race in the region. For this reason, that is important to understand of nature and dimensions of the arms race across the Persian Gulf regional security. According to this model, in this article we are looking for to discuss the dominant pattern or model to govern the game of military conflict in the Persian Gulf region in the period 1990-2010.It is clear that the importance of this period is because Major developments shaping the global and regional arms race Such as the consequences of the collapse of the Soviet Union, the rise of extreme groups (such as Al Qaeda and the Taliban), the September 11 attacks, the invasion of Iraq in 2003 influenced International Policy and the Middle East. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Generating Discrete Trace Transition System of a Polyhe-dral Invariant Hybrid Automaton
Sobhi Baniardalani -
Open Access Article
165 - Bidding Strategy on Demand Side Using Eligibility Traces Algorithm
Seyed Mohammad Ali Naseri Gavareshk Somayeh Hasanpour Darban Amin Noori Mahdi Besharatifar -
Open Access Article
166 - On the Finsler modules over H-algebras
F. Hasanvand M. Khanehgir M. Hassani -
Open Access Article
167 - The Potential of Walnut Cultivation in Uzbekistan and Properties of Walnut Jam
Gayrat Pardaev Ruziboy Normakhmatov Pardayeva Ozoda -
Open Access Article
168 - The determination of Cu2+, Fe3+, Zn2+ and Pb2+ in real samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after their separation- preconcentration on 2-(2-nitrophenylazo)- naphthalen-1-ol loaded on activated carbon
Amir H. M. Sarrafi Elahe Konoz Kobra Shabani -
Open Access Article
169 - Effects of Vermicompost and Manures on Growth Characteristics and Yield Components of Purslane (Portuleca oleracea L. var Behbahani)
NILOFAR RAHBAR HOSSEIN ALI ASADI-GHARNEH -
Open Access Article
170 - Investigation of the Effect of Burning Plant Debris on Germination and Weed Growth
MOHAMMAD BAZIAR MARYAM BEHDAD BEHROOZ SETAYESH -
Open Access Article
171 - Physicochemical and Organoleptic Properties of Lighvan Cheese Fortified with Protulaca Oleracea Seed Oil
Majid Keyvani Marzieh Bolandi -
Open Access Article
172 - Induction of Oxidative Stress and Anatomical Changes by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Medicago sativa L.
Leyla Jafari Maryam Khoshsokhan-Mozaffar Elahe vatankhah -
Open Access Article
173 - Pollution Assessment of Trace Metals in Ground Waters (Case Study: Meshgin Shahr County)
Nafiseh Rezapour Andabili Mahsa Safaripour -
Open Access Article
174 - Human Nail Selenium and Cadmium Predict Perceived Stress
Chey Dearing Carl D. Paton -
Open Access Article
175 - Assessment of Potential Human Health Risk of Heavy Metals in Waterleaf (Talinum triangulare) Sold in Major Markets in Calabar, Nigeria
Udiba Udiba Michael Odey Udeme Udofia Ekom Akpan John Ama -
Open Access Article
176 - Trace Metals Content of Soil around a Municipal Solid Waste Dumpsite in Gombe, Nigeria: Assessing the Ecological and Human Health Impact
Mohammad Sulaiman Jonnie Asegbeloyin Janefrances Ihedioha Ebube Oyeka Esther Oji -
Open Access Article
177 - Estimation of some Trace Metals in Water, Sediments and Two Species of Aquatic Plants in the Al-Garaf River at Al-Rafa District- Southern Iraq
Ihsan Hameed Khudhair Israa Ibrihem Lazim Neran adnan Al Naqeeb Afrah Abid Maktoof -
Open Access Article
178 - Adult Normal Value and Deficiency Percentage of Serum Zinc in both Sexes Iraqi Healthy Population, using Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer (AAS)
Fadhil Muhsin Abid Nagham Abdulraheem Jasim Aseel M. Aljeboree Falah H. Hussein -
Open Access Article
179 - The Comparative of Combined Oral Contraceptives and Combine Injectable Contraceptives on Cycle Control
خاطره صفوی نائینی فرحناز زندیHormonal contraceptives are currently available in oral, injectable, transdermal patch and transvaginal-ring forms. Combination oral contraceptives (COCs) are the most frequently used method of hormonal contraception and an almost bewildering variety that are available. MoreHormonal contraceptives are currently available in oral, injectable, transdermal patch and transvaginal-ring forms. Combination oral contraceptives (COCs) are the most frequently used method of hormonal contraception and an almost bewildering variety that are available. A onceandndash;a-month injectable contraception was briefly available. Monthly withdrawal bleeding is similar to a normal menses, leading to high continuation rates despite the need for a monthly injection.This presentstudy is a clinical trial due to aim. Overall; women in need of contraception were recruited after signing an informed consent form in Shiraz health clinics. Women who were with the same partner throughout the study period were randomized to one of 2 treatment groups. We were collected data by questionnaire through personal interview, observation and measurements with 97 women for 4 months. Statistical analyses were performed on both groups. Data were collected and analyzed descriptive, independent T test and chi square by SPSS software. Our findings revealed that both drugs had the capacity to decrease length of menstrual bleeding, where as there is no significant difference between two groups. Both drugs had the capacity to decrease amount of bleeding, whereas there is no significant difference between two groups. . Both drugs had the capacity to decrease dysmenorhea, where as there is no significant difference between two groups. There is no finding significant increase in spotting or breakthrough bleeding and amenorrhea in both groups.In conclusion, the present study showed that cyclofem is a valid contraceptive method to ensure optimal cycle control with low hormonal doses monthly administration and good cycle control make this contraceptive an alternative to combined oral contraceptives, avoiding the necessity of taking medication on daily basis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - The Study and Comparison of Some of Chemical Compositions in Muscle of Three Endemic Species of Cyprinidae from Hor-e-lazim Wetland in Khoozestan Province
محمد ولایت‌زاده مهدی بی‌ریا سعد بازیارThe aim of this study was to assess protein, lipid, carbohydrate, ash, and moisture and zinc and iron in three species fish Barbus pectoralis, Carasobarbus luteus and Aspius voraxfrom Hor-e-lazim wetland Khoozestan Province. 27 Samples were collected of Barbus pectorali MoreThe aim of this study was to assess protein, lipid, carbohydrate, ash, and moisture and zinc and iron in three species fish Barbus pectoralis, Carasobarbus luteus and Aspius voraxfrom Hor-e-lazim wetland Khoozestan Province. 27 Samples were collected of Barbus pectoralis, Carasobarbus luteus and Aspius voraxHor-e-lazim wetland. Data were analyzed with SPSS18 software in terms of t-test which determine prese or non-presence of the significant difference in level 95 precent (P=0.05).This study between of protein, ash and carbohydrate in muscle of Barbus pectoralis, Carasobarbus luteus and Aspius voraxfrom Hor-e-lazim wetland dosenot show significance different (Pandgt;0.05), but lipid and moisture in three species fish significance different (Pandlt;0.05). The highest of protein (17.5andplusmn;0.62), lipid (3.43andplusmn;0.2) and carbohydrate (0.61andplusmn;0.009) in muscle of Barbus pectoralis and the highest of ash (1.56andplusmn;0.15) and moisture (80.73andplusmn;0.2) in muscle ofCarasobarbus luteus. The lowest of protein (16.23andplusmn;0.25) and lipid (1.3andplusmn;0.17) were observed in muscle ofCarasobarbus luteus and the lowest ash (1.02andplusmn;0.072) and moisture (77.43andplusmn;0.45) were observed in muscle of Barbus pectoralis. Concentration of iron in muscle of Barbus pectoralis, Carasobarbus luteus and Aspius vorax was 10.96andplusmn;0.25, 10.46andplusmn;0.28 and 9.73andplusmn;0.2 mg Kg-1 ww.Concentration of zinc in muscle of Barbus pectoralis, Carasobarbus luteus and Aspius vorax was 11.9andplusmn;0.36, 12.9andplusmn;0.36 and 10.93andplusmn;0.27 mg Kg-1 ww. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Purslane (Portulaca Oleracea) on Memorizing and Passive Avoidance Learning in Male Wistar Rats
حیدر آقابابا فریبا جعفری شیبانی حسین عباسپورAqueous extract of purslane (Portulaca Oleracea) is a rich source of omega-3fatty acids that has a major role in the evolution of the brain and nervous system and increasing memory. Therefore in this study, effects of aqueous extract of purslane on passive avoidance lea MoreAqueous extract of purslane (Portulaca Oleracea) is a rich source of omega-3fatty acids that has a major role in the evolution of the brain and nervous system and increasing memory. Therefore in this study, effects of aqueous extract of purslane on passive avoidance learning and memory were investigated by measuring the amount of STL (delayed phase) in 40 male Wistar rats weighing 180 to 220 g. The Rats for a weektocompromise with theenvironment(In theheatof the21 andplusmn; 2anddeg; C, 12 hours lightand12 hoursdarkness)were keptin the animalandrsquo;sroom.Purslane purchased from herb shops, and then it was mill after drying and then its aqueous extract was used for examinations on Rats in the shuttle box unit. The One-Way Analysis of Variance to determine the mean and standard error for each group were performed and the Schaffer and Tukey tests for the statistical interpretations were used. Acceptable level for statistical analysis of mean difference, p andgt; 0.05 was considered. In this study, doses of 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg were used. The dose of 0.25 mg/kg was selected as the effective dose that would increase the levels of cortisol and the STL. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - The Effects of Antinociceptive and Anti-inflammatory Spinacia oleracea Ethanolic Extract in NMRI Mice
S. Mirazizi Vaezi Gh. S.A. Haeri RohaniSpinach has various pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-stress effects. We aimed to investigate pain killing effects of ethanol essence of spinach leaf in adult male laboratory mice by formalin test and hot plate. This study was done MoreSpinach has various pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-stress effects. We aimed to investigate pain killing effects of ethanol essence of spinach leaf in adult male laboratory mice by formalin test and hot plate. This study was done on 36 adult male small laboratory mice (NMRI) race with 25 to 30 gr of weight. The animals were randomly divided into 6 groups of 6 members including control groups (healthy), experimental groups (receiving formal saline) and also three groups receiving doses of 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg body weight ethanol essence, and standard groups (receiving morphine) with a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight. After the treatment, the animals were studied by formalin test and hot plate with regard to reaction to pain. In addition, anti-inflammatory activity was investigated by test in the animal. The data was then analyzed by one-way covariance analysis and then by Tukey test. The ethanol essence of Spinacia oleacea L leaf decreased pain at the chronic phase of formalin test and hot plate. In addition, ethanol essence of spinach leaf had significant anti-inflammatory activity in ear edema test. The ethanol essence in spinach leaf hasantinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity in mice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - بررسی اثرتزریق پاراستامول وریدی در انتهای عمل جراحی بر میزان درد پس از عمل سزارین
Hamed Beyzaee Maria Alian Parisa Najafi Ziba ZohourianBackground and aims: postoperative analgesia is one of the most concerns of anesthesiologist and patients. Systemic opioids administration is the gold standard in reducing the severe pain after surgery but some side effects prevent the use of adequate doses of opioids. MoreBackground and aims: postoperative analgesia is one of the most concerns of anesthesiologist and patients. Systemic opioids administration is the gold standard in reducing the severe pain after surgery but some side effects prevent the use of adequate doses of opioids. The aim of this study was evaluation the effect of intravenous paracetamol at the end of caesarian section procedure on postoperative pain. Methods: in this case-control clinical trial, 60 women condidate for caesarian section (ASA I-II) were enrolled. They randomely allocated in two groups for postoperative pain (n=30), one group received 1 gr paracetamol attenuated in normal saline, infused per 20 minutes at the end 20 minutes of surgery and 6 hours later and control group. Recieved nothing. Pain severity was evaluated exactly then, 1,3,6 hours after surgery, by visual analog scale. Results: mean age and weight of mothers was 26.7±5.2 years and 73.2±8 kg respectively. 55% of mothers were nuliparity and others were multipar. There was no differences between two groups considering age, weight, pariety, paracetamol caused no significant effect on blood pressure (systolic and diastolic)and heart rate. Also although there was a significant trend in pain severity in both groups, there was no significant difference between two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: As there was no significant effect on sever postoperative pain using intervenous paracetamol , future studies on th effect of that on mild to intermediate pain is suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - The Study of Trace Elements Zn, P, K and Ca in Muscle, Liver and Gill of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Different Growth Stages
Misaq tayebzadeh mohammad velayatzadehThis study aims to determine and comparison trace elements Zn, P, K and Ca in fish eggs, muscle of fingerling, fish market and male and female breeding stock farmed Oncorhynchus mykiss from Lorestan province in 2011. 75 samples by fish eggs, fingerling, fish market and MoreThis study aims to determine and comparison trace elements Zn, P, K and Ca in fish eggs, muscle of fingerling, fish market and male and female breeding stock farmed Oncorhynchus mykiss from Lorestan province in 2011. 75 samples by fish eggs, fingerling, fish market and male and female breeding stock were prepared. The highest and lowest of Zn obtained in liver of fingerling (26.90±1.15 mg/kg) and muscle of male breeding stock (6.16±0.45 mg/kg). The highest and lowest of P were in liver of fingerling (3966.42±125.86 mg/kg) and gill of female breeding stock (2400±144.76 mg/kg). The highest and lowest of K in muscle of fish market (5000±132.28 mg/kg) and in muscle of fingerling (3712.64±76.83 mg/Kg). The highest and lowest of Ca were in liver of male breeding stock (464.85±30.55 mg/kg) and muscle of fish market (193.39±15.27 mg/kg). Zn in liver and gill of fingerling muscle of fish market was higher than other growth stages. P in muscle, liver and gill of fingerling were higher than other growth stages. Concentration of K in muscle, liver and gill of fish market was higher than other growth stages. Ca in muscle, liver and gill of male breeding stock were higher than other growth stages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - Comparison of growth factors Rutilus Kutum two races autumn and spring after the transfer of Caspian Sea 10PPT
Afshin Sendesi Amiri Mohammad Salavatian Shaebali Ghorbani Reza Ramezani Rodabeh Rofajaei Dariush ParvanehThis research was conducted for 45 days at the Caspian Sea Aquaculture Research Center (Aquaculture Research Institute). Treatments included autumn and spring form, which were randomized and three replications. A total of 6 tests planes were used. Water was supplied fro MoreThis research was conducted for 45 days at the Caspian Sea Aquaculture Research Center (Aquaculture Research Institute). Treatments included autumn and spring form, which were randomized and three replications. A total of 6 tests planes were used. Water was supplied from pumping water from the Caspian Sea coast. The meal was started with SFC1 Concentrate. The feeding rate was considered to be 4% of total weight. The results showed that the maximum and minimum amount of weight gains were occurred in race, autumn treatment (mean= 42.66±1.82) and spring race (mean= 31.92±8.24), respectively. The minimum average of FCR (4.13±0.11) was referred to race, autumn treatment and the maximum of that (5.18 ±1.41) was referred to spring race. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - The effect of mycorrhizal fungi, water stress and year on flower yield and some characteristics of medicinal plant of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) in Yasouj region
Ali RahimiIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal MoreIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have been used in many plants to deal with dehydration and drought stress. In this regard, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in the form of randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the Yasuj region at years 2015 and 2016. Water stress was considered as the main factor in the form of irrigation after 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of evaporation from the evaporation pan class A and mycorrhizal fungus was considered as a secondary factor in the form of no application, application of Glomus mosseae and application of Glomus intraradices. The results showed that the interaction of irrigation and mycorrhizal fungi on flower phosphorus, flower yield, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage was significant. In irrigation levels after 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan, the use of mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices compared to the absence of fungi respectively increased the yield of plant flowers (30.04% and 27.35 %), (90.2% and 90.98%), (93.21% and 94.1%) and (81.73% and 78.86%), also, at these levels of irrigation, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage flower achieved a significant increase in the presence of mycorrhizal fungus, compared to the absence of mycorrhizal fungus application. Application of both strains of mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices in irrigation levels after 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan compared to no application of mycorrhizal fungus, respectively, resulted in a significant increase in the harvest index of Borage flower (44.55% and 43.36%), (13.21% and 15.96%) and (5.6% and 5.41%) and flower phosphorus (44.69% and 20.45%), (150% and 125%) and ( 267.74% and 235.48%). Mycorrhizal fungus was able to moderate the negative effects of drought stress and increase the above-mentioned traits in those irrigation levels, and based on the results of this study, irrigation treatment after 90 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan + the use of Glomus mosseae mycorrhizal fungi is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - On Stylistic features of Mongols period (second Part)
Ismaeil HakemiThis piece of writing is the second part of late Dr Forozanfar’s lectures given at TehranUniversity in 1335, compiled and revised by Dr Hakemi. The notes discuss various issues such as the impact of Mongols culture and dictum on the works from the 7th century onwa MoreThis piece of writing is the second part of late Dr Forozanfar’s lectures given at TehranUniversity in 1335, compiled and revised by Dr Hakemi. The notes discuss various issues such as the impact of Mongols culture and dictum on the works from the 7th century onwards; the influence of Sufism and mysticism on the prose and poetry, also the impact of the Race and Religion on Literature and Culture of the époque. In narrating Dr Forozanfar's words attempt is made to remain true to his multi dimentional references. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - Suffering from Mawlana's point of view
Iraj ShahbaziImagining life without suffering is certainly contrary to the common sense, hence the concept of suffering and pain has always preoccupied the mind of thinking men however differently expressed. Mawlana contemplated this idea profoundly. In this article Mawlana's views MoreImagining life without suffering is certainly contrary to the common sense, hence the concept of suffering and pain has always preoccupied the mind of thinking men however differently expressed. Mawlana contemplated this idea profoundly. In this article Mawlana's views on different kinds of suffering, the reasons for it, and its revelating outcome has been investigated. Mawlana divides suffering into two major groups: First the kind of suffering man himself brings upon himself, and the second is the one God the beneficent bestows on man for his perfection, and growth. He regards the first kind arising from man's ignorance and his egoism, hence he rejects it. However, he accepts the suffering of the second kind for they emanate from God's grace with revelating outcomes in man's life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - The effect of triacontanol hormone on yield and yield components of two Landrace chickpea
Ali Bagherzadeh Chaharjouee Mostafa HojatianfarTo investigate the effect of triacontanol on the yield and yield components of the two chickpea Landraces, a completely randomized factorial design was conducted with three replications. The treatments were designed at four levels of hormone consumption including 0, 5, MoreTo investigate the effect of triacontanol on the yield and yield components of the two chickpea Landraces, a completely randomized factorial design was conducted with three replications. The treatments were designed at four levels of hormone consumption including 0, 5, 10 and 15 mg/L in the form of leaf and soil applications on two chickpea Landrace of Mashhad and Kermanshah. The total treatments included 24 pots for each Landrace. In this experiment, traits such as grain yield, biological yield, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, height of plant, 100-grain weight, and total biomass of chickpeas were examined. The results revealed that the effects of triacontanol application and method of application on chickpea Landraces were not significant. The results also showed no significant effect for biomass. Moreover, analyzing the effects of interaction between the amount of hormone consumption and method of consumption and type of chickpea mass on the yield and yield components showed that all properties were significantly different with an exception of the number of grains per pod and 100-grain weight. Increasing the doses of hormone by leaf application on Mashhad Landrace resulted in significant improvement of yield and yield components of the chickpea. The triple interaction effects of triacontanol application, method of application and chickpea Landrace on the measured traits were significant in all treatments. In the triple interaction, the highest yield was observed in 15 mg/L triacontanol application on the leaves of Mashhad Landrace chickpea, which increased the yield by 45% compared to control treatment. It was concluded that the increase of yield and yield components by increasing doses of triacontanol application on leaves was mainly due to their effects on aerial parts of the plant through decreased rates of flowers, pods and falling leaves. On the whole, application of biochemical triacontanol hormone resulted in increasing chickpea yield by its positive effect on the metabolism activities of the plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - The reaction of flue-cured tobacco genotypes to root- knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita)
Afshin Sajjadi Hoda assemiRoot knot causing by nematodes is a major disease of tobacco in all tobacco-producing countries in subtropical and tropical zones. Resistant cultivars implementation is the preferable economic management method. Nematicides are expensive and may pollute the environment. MoreRoot knot causing by nematodes is a major disease of tobacco in all tobacco-producing countries in subtropical and tropical zones. Resistant cultivars implementation is the preferable economic management method. Nematicides are expensive and may pollute the environment. Therefore, this study evaluated reaction of 100 flue-cured tobacco genotypes to Meloidogyne incognita based on completely randomized design with three replications in greenhouse at 25 ± 3oC of Tirtash Research and Education Center in 2010-2011 years. Each tobacco seedling was inoculated with 2000 eggs and second stage juveniles in 1.5 kg pot soil. After 60-70 days they have evaluated according to gall index, reproduction factors, number of egg masses and average of eggs per egg mass. Results of variance analysis showed that there were significant differences among cultivars. Genotypes of Coker 176, Mac Nair 944, S 392-3 S, TL33 and Bel 61-10 had the lowest gall index and reproduction factors. Eighteen susceptible and resistance genotypes were selected based on results of 2010 year and based on completely randomized design with five replications. The experiment was conducted in Tirtash Research and Education Center in 2011 year. Results of variance analysis showed that there were significant differences among the cultivars. Genotypes of Bel 61-10 with the lowest of gall index, reproduction factors, number of egg masses and average of eggs per egg mass, respectively 2, 1.1, 38.2 and 357 and Coker 176 by 1.6, 1.18, 38 and 354 as resistant genotypes were introduced. Genotype of Bel 61-10 as resistant parents in breeding work will be used in the future. Cultivar of Coker 176 for cultivation in the affected tobacco growing areas to root knot nematode is recommending. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - The effect of plant density and nitrogen split-application on quantitative characters of Brussels sprout, Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera
Peiman Ghanizadeh sirus azarabadi jafar mohammadiThis research was carried out for studying the effect of different plant densities and split application of nitrogen fertilizer on quantitative yield of Brussels sprout Ula De La Halle cultivar in Miyaneh region, Iran. Treatments were arranged as split plot based on ran MoreThis research was carried out for studying the effect of different plant densities and split application of nitrogen fertilizer on quantitative yield of Brussels sprout Ula De La Halle cultivar in Miyaneh region, Iran. Treatments were arranged as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2008. Plant densities of 1.38, 1.58 and 1.82 plant/m² and split application of necessary nitrogen fertilizer including whole nitrogen fertilizer application in transplanting stage and splitting it, half in transplanting stage and the rest one month afterward, were considered as the main and sub-plots, respectively. The results revealed that the interaction between plant density and nitrogen splitting was significant only in stem diameter trait. Plant density influenced plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, petiole length, petiole diameter, petiole weight, plant width, sprout number and sprout yield, significantly. Stem diameter, petiole diameter and plant width were decreased by increasing plant density. There was a positive correlation between the plant density and shrub height, leaf number, petiole length, petiole weight, sprout number and sprout yield. Nitrogen fertilizer splitting influenced plant height, stem diameter, petiole diameter and petiole weight, significantly. The application of the whole nitrogen fertilizer increased the plant height and stem diameter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - Study of genetic diversity of high and low molecular weight glutenins in wheat landraces of Zanjan region, Iran
Arash Mohammadi Mostafa Valizadeh Mohammad Moghaddam Yousef Arshad Neda Javadian Naser Mohebalipour In order to evaluate genetic diversity of wheat landraces of Zanjan region of Iran by the electrophoresis of seed storage proteins, 30 accessions from this area were provided from national plant gene bank of Iran in Karaj. Electrophoresis of high molecular weight More In order to evaluate genetic diversity of wheat landraces of Zanjan region of Iran by the electrophoresis of seed storage proteins, 30 accessions from this area were provided from national plant gene bank of Iran in Karaj. Electrophoresis of high molecular weight (HMW-GS) and low molecular weight (LMW-GS) glutenins was undertaken by SDS-PAGE with sequential extraction. For HMW-GS, three tetraploid accessions including TN-11372, TN-11734 and TN-11743 were identified which did not contain any alleles of Glu-D1 locus. In Glu-A1 locus, 83.33% of the landraces had null allele and 16.67% of them had subunit 2*. In Glu-B1 locus, subunits 7+8 had highest frequency (36.67%) and alleles 13+16 and 21 showed lowest frequency (3.33%). One exceptional subunit related to this locus was characterized in accession TN-11384 which named 6*. In Glu-D1 locus, subunits 2+12 were identified in 77.78% of accessions and subunits 3+12 were characterized in other accessions. In Glu-3 locus, 12 LMW subunits were observed with different mobilities and genetic diversity index (H) was 0.844. The high diversity characteristics of seed storage proteins may be useful in identification of varieties and ploidy levels and determining bread making quality in order to improving wheat quality characteristics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - Effect of heavy metals (Cd and Ni) on yield and agronomictraits of commonpurslane(Portulacaoleracea)
Mehrab Yadegari Sahar KarimiIn order to soil remediation from pollution by heavy metals, a new technical has been recently proposed called phytoremediation. Purslane is also highly tolerant against lack of water and salinity and can be regarded as a hyper accumulator of heavy metals. To study the MoreIn order to soil remediation from pollution by heavy metals, a new technical has been recently proposed called phytoremediation. Purslane is also highly tolerant against lack of water and salinity and can be regarded as a hyper accumulator of heavy metals. To study the effect of the nickel and cadmium on growth, yield and other characters of Portulacaoleracea L. a pot experiment was carried out in a completely randomized factorial design with three replications in the field of Azad University of Shahrekord, Iran, in the spring and summer of 2012. Treatments of this experiment included different levels of nickel (0, 20, 60, 120 mg/kg) and different levels of cadmium (0, 5, 20, 40 mg/kg). The results of this research showed that different levels of nickel and cadmium have a significant effect on the morphological and physiological characters of Portulacaoleracea L. and along with increasing the concentration of the heavy metals, these characters significantly decreased in comparison with the control plants. In classifying the averages of height, shoot and root dry matter and percentage of the extract, the highest amount belonged to the control plants and the lowest amount to the plants under combined treatment of nickel (120 mg/kg) and cadmium (40 mg/kg) and the single treatment of cadmium (40 mg/kg). Furthermore, the toxic properties of cadmium are more than nickel decreased most of measured characters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - The relation research of cold region wheat lines for yield with pattern of path coefficient analysis
Fahimeh Halali Soltanabad hamdollah Majidi Hervan darioush tagave alireza Nourmohammadi jalil ajali In order to compare Iranian cold region wheat lines and landraces for yield and yield components, an experiment was carried out in 2005 at the Miyandoab agricultural research station. In this experiment 45 landraces of winter wheat collected from different More In order to compare Iranian cold region wheat lines and landraces for yield and yield components, an experiment was carried out in 2005 at the Miyandoab agricultural research station. In this experiment 45 landraces of winter wheat collected from different cold regions of Iran were planted at a randomized complete block design arrangement with three replications. Traits under study were, plant height, biological yield, grain yield, harvest index, number of spikelets per spike, and numbers of kernel per spike. Results showed significant differences of lines in studied traits. Lines no. 29, 32, 36, 37 and 38 had higher harvest indices. It was also revealed that lines no.15, 18 and 13 produced the highest grain yield and yield components and therefore can be used in plant improvement programs for higher harvest index, dry weight, and grain yield. Path coefficient analysis of harvest index showed that the most effective traits for increasing harvest index were biomass weight and grain yield and these traits determined 90.2% of harvest index variations. Path coefficient analysis of grain yield also showed that the most effective traits for increasing grain yield were number of spikelets per spike and plant height and these traits determined 35.7% of grain yield variations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - Evaluation of Azarshar red onion morphotypes for agronomic attributes
Hosein Moaddab Shabestari seedali mosavizadeh hosein cheragiIn order to evaluate agronomic attributes of six Azarshar red onion morphotypes, an experiment was conducted in Shabestar region, Iran in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Seeds of experimental onion landreces were collected under isolat MoreIn order to evaluate agronomic attributes of six Azarshar red onion morphotypes, an experiment was conducted in Shabestar region, Iran in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Seeds of experimental onion landreces were collected under isolated condition and onion yield, bulb diameter, number of centers, dry matter percentage, number of edible layers, number of bulb scale, and percentage of twin onions were measured. Cluster analysis grouped the morphotypes into three clusters. However, grouping based on agronomic attributes showed no correspondence with the geographical pattern. Ssignificant differences in all studied attributes, except number of bulb scale, indicated diversity among Azarshar red onion morphotypes. According to the results, Azarshar red onion landrace is a potential resource of useful genes for breeding programs. The results revealed that the red onion morphotypes was not suitable for industrial processing due to the their low dry matter percentage and should be used in fresh-market. Furthermore, the correlation between measured attributes showed that selection of onions with larger diameter could be suitable in breeding for higher yield. Manuscript profile
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