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Open Access Article
1 - Simultaneous location and design of solar and wind power plants in Fars province in order to reduce greenhouse gases
Mehdi Motevasel saman tashakor mohammad ArghavanIntroduction: Today, the utilization of renewable energy has not only enhanced the efficiency and effectiveness of power plants but has also resulted in a substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel power plants, offering numerous environmental be MoreIntroduction: Today, the utilization of renewable energy has not only enhanced the efficiency and effectiveness of power plants but has also resulted in a substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel power plants, offering numerous environmental benefits for human societies. This research specifically focuses on harnessing the synergistic potential of solar and wind energy to achieve improved cost-efficiency and greater utilization of both resources. The study examined eight cities in Fars province, each with varying climatic conditions. Materials and Methods: The Fuzzy Hierarchy Analysis Process is employed to select the most suitable location within each of the selected cities for the construction of a power plant. To make this selection, various factors, including wind density, solar radiation, population, and susceptibility to natural disasters, are taken into account. The assessment involves the calculation of three key indicators based on mathematical relationships and environmental measurements. These indicators encompass wind density, solar radiation intensity, as well as the population and the vulnerability to natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, and dust storms.Additionally, fuzzy logic is utilized to assign weightings and determine a single value for these three attributes. This value is computed using MATLAB software. Results and Discussion: In this research, the cities of Fars province were compared with four different criteria. According to the survey, the best cities were determined using the fuzzy hierarchical analysis method, and the results show that the best city was Euclid, followed by Safasher and Bowanat. The survey showed that the cities of Kazeroon and Firozabad have the lowest points based on the construction of wind-solar power plants. To analyze the obtained result, different criteria should be checked. It was observed that in the ranking of criteria, the score of solar and wind energy criteria is more important than the other two criteria. Conclusion: The surveys have revealed that the most suitable city for the construction of a wind-solar power plant is Eghlid, followed by Safasher, Bowanat, and Izdakhsht. Conversely, Kazeroon and Firouzabad rank lowest in terms of suitability for such power plant projects.Subsequently, the design of the power plant in the city of Optimum has been thoroughly discussed. In this context, three different operational modes have been considered: one with a 50% reliance on solar energy and 50% on wind energy, another with a 70% reliance on solar energy and 30% on wind energy, and a third with 30% solar and 70% wind energy utilization. The results indicate that the most optimal performance is achieved when 70% of the power production comes from wind turbines and 30% from the solar power plant. This approach proves to be increasingly effective as time progresses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Design and simulation of grid-connected hybrid solar-wind power plants to reduce carbon gas emissions in the 30th parallel north
Amirali Ghahramani8 saman tashakorIntroduction: Renewable energy is one of the vital components in reducing carbon emissions and mitigating climate change. The use of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, hydro, biomass, and geothermal provides energy without greenhouse gas effects on the planet MoreIntroduction: Renewable energy is one of the vital components in reducing carbon emissions and mitigating climate change. The use of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, hydro, biomass, and geothermal provides energy without greenhouse gas effects on the planet. This study examines the efficiency solar-wind hybrid power plant on the 30th parallel north was studied by simulating energy production in the form of three power generation designs with a nominal capacity of 7 MWh from the solar-wind hybrid power plant in four cities of Cairo, Houston, Chongqing, and Shiraz. The study was conducted using PVsyst, SAM, and Transys software. Materials and Methods: By simulating and analyzing the following three proposed plans in each city and comparing them, it is possible to reach the most efficient range of the power distribution ratio of the combined solar-wind power plant. First plan) 25% of the total power of the power plant is from solar energy and 75% of the total power of the power plant is from wind energy. Second plan) 50% of the total power of the power plant is from solar energy and 50% of the total power of the power plant is from wind energy. Third plan) 75% of the total power of the power plant is from solar energy and 25% of the total power of the power plant is from wind energy. By examining the amount of annual energy injected into the network, the amount and effect of using renewable resources in reducing carbon gas production is analyzed and calculated. Results and Discussion: In addition to providing energy, the combined power plant will increase the reliability factor and preserve non-renewable resources and reduce greenhouse gases. All three software can be used in power plant simulation and analysis and the results are in good agreement. Conclusion: The first design is approximately 30% more efficient than the second design and 85% more than the third design. Shiraz with the production of 48466 megawatts per year reduced carbon dioxide emissions by 23651.408 tons, in Cairo with the production of 45799 megawatts per year the carbon dioxide emissions decreased by 25189.45 tons, Houston with the production of 40979 megawatts per year reduced the carbon dioxide emissions by 15203.209 tons. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - A Comparative Study of Determining the Rate of Receiving Solar Radiation on the Northern Facade of Qajar Period Schools in Shiraz (By the Law of Cosines and Solar Diagram Methods)
Hamed AyaliThis research explores the principles of Iranian architecture, specifically how it adapts to climatic conditions and maximizes solar energy intake beyond traditional sustainability principles. The focus is on studying the central courtyard of Qajar period schools in Shi MoreThis research explores the principles of Iranian architecture, specifically how it adapts to climatic conditions and maximizes solar energy intake beyond traditional sustainability principles. The focus is on studying the central courtyard of Qajar period schools in Shiraz and its relationship to solar radiation and shadow effects. The research aims to answer how solar radiation intake has influenced the orientation of these schools. The methodology involves evaluating case studies, conducting library research, and making field observations. Registered Qajar period schools are studied, critiqued, and analyzed using analytical, deductive, and classification approaches. The findings indicate that the most suitable orientation for Qajar period schools in Shiraz, in terms of solar radiation intake, is a 25-degree rotation relative to the north, specifically in the northern facade of the central courtyard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The Problen of Iranian Calendar (A critique on “comparison of various methods and equations for applying intercalaries of Hidjrī Khorshīdī” Calendar)
موسی اکرمیMr. Farid Ghasemlu has tried to find, in “comparison of various methodsand equations for applying intercalaries of chronology of Hidjrī Khorshīdī”,‘various methods for applying intercalaries of chronology of HidjrīKhorshīdī’ in ‘various res MoreMr. Farid Ghasemlu has tried to find, in “comparison of various methodsand equations for applying intercalaries of chronology of Hidjrī Khorshīdī”,‘various methods for applying intercalaries of chronology of HidjrīKhorshīdī’ in ‘various resources’; and then, has compared them withoutpresenting any instances for such relevant equations.The pronounced subject-matters have significance for me from two points:(1) To expose the most important topics for Iranian chronology in the worksof many great calendar-writers and calendar-researchers(2) To explain some of my attitudes based on my two published workHere, I endeavor to evaluate a few segments of Ghasemlu’s essay and statethe problem of Iranian chronology which consist of two correlated subject:solar year and bissextile order or arrangement of intercalary in big period,sub-periods, and under-sub-periods, moreover, would make clear my -not soprofessional- position among Iranian calendar-researcher; and I wouldexplain my method, its authenticity and accuracy as well. This methodaccomplish in paying attention to middle duration of solar year – which is assame as duration of every year – and based on computer computation, byapplying fruitful tradition of Djalālī-’s calendar too; and the achievements ofsuch method is in parallel with dynamic tradition of attempt for attainingexact rule of calculating leap years and for writing comparative chronologywhich is applicable to past years and future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Improved efficiency of a SiGe thin film solar cell structure using CNT charge collector layer
Homa Hashemi Madani Mohammad Reza Shayesteh Mohammad Reza Moslemi -
Open Access Article
6 - Electrical and optical parameter-based numerical simulation of high-performance CdTe, CIGS, and CZTS solar cells
Galib Hashmi Md. Shawkot Hossain Masudul Imtiaz -
Open Access Article
7 - Improving optical absorptivity of natural dyes for fabrication of efficient dye-sensitized solar cells
Reza Hemmatzadeh Ahmad Mohammadi -
Open Access Article
8 - Effect of external applied electric field on the silicon solar cell’s thermodynamic efficiency
R. Zieba Falama Justin Mibaile E. Guemene Dountio Noël Djongyang Serge Y. Doka Timoleon C. Kofane -
Open Access Article
9 - Simulation study to find suitable dopants of CdS buffer layer for CZTS solar cell
Farjana Akter Jhuma Mohammad Junaebur Rashid -
Open Access Article
10 - Depositions and characterization of sol–gel processed Al-doped ZnO (AZO) as transparent conducting oxide (TCO) for solar cell application
Afrina Sharmin Samia Tabassum M. S. Bashar Zahid Hasan Mahmood -
Open Access Article
11 - Dyes extracted from Trigonella seeds as photosensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells
Amal Batniji Monzir S. Abdel-Latif Taher M. El-Agez Sofyan A. Taya Hatem Ghamri -
Open Access Article
12 - Investigation of the impact of different ARC layers using PC1D simulation: application to crystalline silicon solar cells
Galib Hashmi Mohammad Junaebur Rashid Zahid Hasan Mahmood Mahbubul Hoq Md. Habibur Rahman -
Open Access Article
13 - Tehran city in the cinematic films of the 40's from the perspective of sociology of cinema with an emphasis on Clay and Mirror film
SOMAYEH RAVANSHADNIAThe theory of "reflection" in the cinema sociology sees the film as documents that reflect the social life and therefore by examining them, which in them, and by them, we can realize changes and social trends. In this article, Tehran city is analyzed and readout from th MoreThe theory of "reflection" in the cinema sociology sees the film as documents that reflect the social life and therefore by examining them, which in them, and by them, we can realize changes and social trends. In this article, Tehran city is analyzed and readout from the perspective of cinema sociology in viewing experience and the emergence of the 40’s cinema, and changes in behavior and cultural norms and social and economic transformations and their impact on behaviors and norms of the city by the method of semiotics. Urban social life is cause and movies are effect. As a result, given the position of cinema sociology, we can realize common urban issues and also reflection of the mentality in this particular historical period, and we can find social consciousness and a new morality that accompanied these relations and public reaction of citizens in the face of this city. The at hand study’s approach is Semiotics of Saussure, and the confrontation for finding the narrative structure and the contrasts. Then, the social structure with its developments compared to discover the social meanings of images. Urban social life is cause and movies are effect, and since based on Goldman's view, the original creator of the artwork, not the author, but it is the social group which this worldview is formed in it; we had tried to bridge between provided images of the city and The role of ideology and social classes and be clear that these pictures are the product of the view of which groups and social classes to the community? Unlike specialists in film studies, sociologists work with large data and are interested in the relationship between the community and films, which is why this is a microscopic study of a large data. Urban issues are more than not, usually subjects such as contrast of urban and rural, urban and rural contrasts characters, Housing problem, the marginalized, the class struggle in the big cities particularly with an emphasis on spatial inequalities between neighborhoods, issues and events that are happening in the neighborhoods of the city. Then we checked out these films and divided them based on the image of the city which the films were offered. Then we selected films of each class which clearly had more features in the image in question, as examples. We tried to review the changes of the city and transformations of cultural, social and economic norms of behaviors and their impact on urban norms and behaviors. The result was a film that was one of the most influential films of the '40s, Khesht-o-Ayineh (Created by Ebrahim Golestan, Year 1344 Solar Hijri calendar), and with analyzing and explaining these videos and extracting common features of them through image semiotics and given the status of knowledge for cinema, Common to urban issues in this particular historical period can be realized and also the part of the mind, the unconscious social and public reaction of citizens in the face of the city can be realized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Examining the Effect of Geometric index of Street (Orientation, H/W) on Solar Radiation Absorption of Urban Housings in Cold Climate Hamedan
Hojjat GhiasvandThis study examines the effect of geometrical indices of a street (Orientation and H/W) on the buildings` direct solar access on an urban scale, which its results can be used by urban planners in designing new neighbourhoods and redeveloping old ones in developing citie MoreThis study examines the effect of geometrical indices of a street (Orientation and H/W) on the buildings` direct solar access on an urban scale, which its results can be used by urban planners in designing new neighbourhoods and redeveloping old ones in developing cities. In cold climates, the access of buildings to sunlight due to the street geometry index is necessary to reduce the heating load and affects the thermal performance of buildings. This index (height to width ratio (H/W) and orientation) directly affects the absorption and emission of urban sunlight and changes in them can affect the amount of solar radiation absorption of the building.This study aims to investigate the amount of the buildings` solar has gained in the cold climate of Hamedan. The research method is quantitative and based on numerical data of simulating solar radiation and the geometry of the urban texture of Hamedan. Data analysis was conducted by statistical analysis of box diagram, correlation coefficient, and reference model. First, to examine the effect of street width index, fixed height, and variable street width (6 to 36 meters) and then to examine the height index, fixed street width and variable height (3 to 9 floors) were considered in the modelling. The findings reveal that east-west oriented buildings have the highest solar gain of 17.9% in the winter, and nearly 60% of the streets in the new urban texture of Hamedan are placed in the non-optimal orientation.The average solar gain in northern blocks is more than in southern blocks and streets; with a lower H/W index this gain increases indicating a reverse and intensive correlation. Index H/W compared to orientation has the greatest effect on a solar gain on the building located alongside streets. In shallow geometrical valleys, the temperature from radiation is higher than in deep valleys and as the H/W index rises, i.e., as the street becomes narrower, the direct solar gain decreases. In southern blocks, due to a deep valley in the yard, most of the south façade of a building in the winter is always in the shade of building volumes and absorbs little solar radiation. In this state, the greatest amount of absorption is reflective and scattered. Therefore, increasing the depth of the yard in these blocks to absorb more sunlight was studied in our recommended pattern. From the measured indices in this study, the H/W index has the greatest impact on solar gain for buildings located alongside streets. This index has a 123% higher influence compared to the orientation index on absorbing radiation and is of more importance. In Hamedan, regarding the H/W index, a twelve-meter street has the least absorption, thirty-five-meter, and seventy-five-meter streets have the most absorption in the winter. In our recommended patter, increasing the depth of the yard and using vertical shades for windows leads to a 2.7% and 25.8% rise in solar gain for northern and southern blocks, respectively. This pattern reduces 11.7% and 4.94% of absorption for the mentioned blocks in the summer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Glazed Transitional Space as a Passive Heating System (Case Study: Glazed Loggias in Semi-Arid climate)
Yasmina Bouchahm Mounira Badeche -
Open Access Article
16 - Performance of Building Energy Efficiency by Orientation with Regression: a Case of Semi Desert in Iran
Zahra Barzegar Shahin Heidari Morteza Asade Khalaji -
Open Access Article
17 - The effects of solar drying on drying kinetics and effective moisture diffusivity of pistachio nut
Mohsen Mokhtarian Hamid Tavakolipour Ahmad Kalbasi-Ashtari Fatemeh Koushki -
Open Access Article
18 - Effects of shade and solar drying methods on physicochemical and sensory properties of Mentha piperita L.
Mohsen Mokhtarian Ahmad Kalbasi-Ashtari Hassan Hamedi -
Open Access Article
19 - Investigation of Silicon Nanowires Roles in Solar Cells
Ali Mahmoudloo Seyyed Sadegh Gholami -
Open Access Article
20 - Variability of Solar Activity and it’s Influence on the Earth’s Climate Case Study: Climate of Middle East and Iran
Azar Zarin عباس MofidiIn order to understand the mechanism governing the solar activities and it’s relation tothe Earth’s climate, physical characteristics of the Sun and it’s activities, characteristicsand structure of sunspots and the relation between solar variability- s MoreIn order to understand the mechanism governing the solar activities and it’s relation tothe Earth’s climate, physical characteristics of the Sun and it’s activities, characteristicsand structure of sunspots and the relation between solar variability- specially sunspotscycle- and the Earth’s climate were investigated. In this case, Iran-Middle East,Northern Africa and Mediterranean regions selected as a sample of subtropical region. Itwas done in two stages. First, some of the synoptic stations of Iran and adjacentsubtropical regions were investigated and rainfall and temperature data of 16 stationswith 61 years (1930-1990) and 50 years (1951-2000) were chosen respectively.Summertime average temperature (July, August and September) and wintertime averagetemperature (January, February and March) were used. In the second stage, the Iran-Middle East, northern Africa and Mediterranean region were divided into four sectorsand average geopotential height of 500hpa and 50hpa levels for a 53 years period (1948-2000) were calculated for the winter and summer. Also, the average position and speedof subtropical jet stream in 200hpa level were derived for the above regions, periods andseasons and then their relation with the solar activity were investigated. For determiningthe relation between solar variability and climatic variables and regional atmosphericcirculation components, sunspot numbers, solar radio flux and a solar geomagneticactivity index (AA) were used.The results did not show a considerable significant correlation between sunspotnumbers and solar radio flux with winter rainfall and extreme seasons averagetemperature of those selected stations. However, the low correlation indicates that in theyears with maximum solar activity, the average winter temperature in the Middle Eastand Iran relatively decreases. The result of investigating the relation between 500hpaand 50hpa average geopotential height with solar activity indices for the extremeseasons have had positive correlation. The maximum correlation was seen in 50hpalevel (lower stratosphere) as there was a significant positive correlation between thislevel and solar activity indices. Also, there has been a low negative correlation betweenthe position and speed of subtropical jet stream and sunspot numbers and the other solaractivity indices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Analyzing of micro climate, environment and solar thermal effect in terms of environmental and thermal comfort in urban spaces (Case study: Analyzing of thermal comfort in shahrdari st in tehran, Tajrish Sq. to Ghods Sq.)
Seyed Ebrahim Hosseini Seyede Hamideh Shabani Ghazaleh Abbasian Neda BalanianRespect of the natural and environmental climates has become one of the main issues associated with technological sciences, particularly with urbanism and architecture. Thermal comfort, the reduction of energy consumption, the control of energy exchange between h MoreRespect of the natural and environmental climates has become one of the main issues associated with technological sciences, particularly with urbanism and architecture. Thermal comfort, the reduction of energy consumption, the control of energy exchange between human and his natural and artificial environments are all important factors in urban design. Moreover, pedestrian instead of vehicular area are given preeminence. In urban design and planning, in order to optimize the comfort of pedestrians, various climate related factors must be taken into consideration. In the present research we ask two questions; first which climate factors influence positively the environment and secondly in order to create an urban space in symbiosis with the microclimate, what should be done? Factors influential on the thermal comfort are introduced using the Ecotect software (an analytical software of various climate and energy related factors). First the data for the climate of Tehran are analyzed, and then the important factors influencing the environmental comfort of its microclimate are evaluated. Sunlight exposure, wind, relative humidity, relative shadowing, thermal comfort and other environmental factors are studied in parallel with building location. The various problematic emplacements are identified and solutions are proposed. The main goal of the present research is to clearly identify the most influential climatic factors in urban environment and use them in urban design, particularly for the design of pedestrian areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Evaluating M5 model tree and two empirical models based on air temperature to estimate solar radiation, using LST in a semi-arid climate
Saeed Emamifar Ali Akbar Noroozi Sadjjad Seyedi Hosseini Azin Karimzad AnzabiSolar radiation is one of the input parameters needed for simulation of processes associated with climate changes, hydrology and ecology. Proposed models to estimate this parameter because using the weather data from a spatial point, would also provide point estimations MoreSolar radiation is one of the input parameters needed for simulation of processes associated with climate changes, hydrology and ecology. Proposed models to estimate this parameter because using the weather data from a spatial point, would also provide point estimations. In this study, two experimental models including Hargreaves - Samani and Mahmood - Hubbard that are based on air temperature data, with the input data of daily LST products MOD11A1 and MYD11A1 MODIS instead of air temperature, were used to estimate the solar radiation. The real data were obtained from Ahwaz synoptic station for 2006 and 2007. Validation results indicated that Hargreaves - Samani input MOD11A1 LST product and the model of Mahmood - Hubbard MYD11A1 products with input LST (Land Surface Temperature) have the larger and lowest accuracies in estimating solar radiation. Validation results were further indicated that Hargreaves - Samani input MOD11A1 LST product and the Mahmood - Hubbard input MYD11A1 LST product, respectively, have maximum and minimum accuracy in estimating solar radiation. For these models, R2 and RMSE statistics were, respectively 0.83, 2.46 (mj m-2 d-1), 0.79 and 4.09 (mj m-2 d-1). The Hargreaves -Samani model by using M5 model tree models (RS-M5-1 and RS-M5-2) based on LST data of MOD11A1 MODIS products geographic variables were formulated and the outcomes were compared with results of experimental models. The results showed that compares Tree Model RS-M5-1 and experimental models with the same input, The M5 tree model has higher accuracy. In general, tree model RS-M5-2 with LST products MOD11A1 inputs, can estimate the maximum and actual sundial and extraterrestrial radiation more accurate than other models. For this model, the values of R2 and NSE were estimated to be 0.87 and 0.86, respectively. The root mean square error for this was 10.24 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Max Müller and the Science of Religion
مهدی لک زاییThe scientific study of religions commenced with the attempts of theinfluential scholars of 19th century such as Max Müller. These studieswere naturally different from what theologians said about religions.Max Müller can be regarded as one of the founding fath MoreThe scientific study of religions commenced with the attempts of theinfluential scholars of 19th century such as Max Müller. These studieswere naturally different from what theologians said about religions.Max Müller can be regarded as one of the founding fathers of the"science of religion", but the science was also indebted to CorneliusPetrus Tiele, whose attempts brought about new outcomes in thestudies of religious phenomena.This article surveys the viewpoints of Max Müller. By emphasizingthe experimental approach in the study of religion, Müller decided touse comparative method in this field. Max Müller devoted his life tothe study of classical Indian religious documents, the comparativestudy of religious history and myth, and the publication of the religioushistory of the world. He was an expert Sanskritist and mythologist; buthis innovative theories about mythology have not been accepted byother scholars working on religions. Nevertheless, his scientific andexperimental standpoints about myths and the origin of religion drewthe attention of scholars for many years. His theory about origination ofHinduism from myth, particularly his solar mythology, was stronglycriticized by many scholars. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Investigation the effect of porosity on the thermohydraulic performance of a solar air collector with perforated obstacles
Amin Ghalenoei Majid SabzpooshaniBackground and Objective: Due to undesirable thermo-physical properties of the air, the solar air collectors do not benefit from the high thermal efficiency and need to be improved with the help of different methods. In this study, the effects of using various obstacles MoreBackground and Objective: Due to undesirable thermo-physical properties of the air, the solar air collectors do not benefit from the high thermal efficiency and need to be improved with the help of different methods. In this study, the effects of using various obstacles on the thermohydraulic performance of a collectors were examined experimentally and compared to the performance of a simple collector. Material and Methodology: A solar air collector was designed, built and tested under the environmental conditions of Abadan city in Khuzestan province. Three different perforated obstacles with three hole sizes (3, 4 and 5 cm) were placed on the absorber plate. Measured parameters include the temperature of inlet and outlet air, absorber plate, pressure drop and solar radiation. Measurements were made for two different air flux (0.0218 and 0.0364 kg/s). Findings: It has become clear that using various perforated obstacles increases the temperature difference between inlet and outlet air and subsequently their efficiencies compared to a simple conventional collector. It was also noted that in all cases, the increase in mass flowrate causes increasing the effective and thermal efficiency of system and decreasing the temperature difference between inlet and outlet air. Temperature difference in the best case (perforated obstacles with 3 cm holes) for each of the two flowrates increases twice compared to the simple collector. Also, the highest amount of average efficiency for two flowrates is 68% and 83% and the average effective efficiency is 28.4% and 34.1%. Discussion and Conclusion: With the reduction of sizes of the holes in the perforated obstacles, the rate of heat transfer and subsequently the thermal efficiency of the collector will increase due to increasing the turbulence of the flow. This causes the pressure drop to rise up as well but also has a positive effect of increasing the temperature difference which dominates the negative effect of the pressure drop and eventually it becomes clear that there is a direct relation between increasing the effective efficiency with reducing the size of the holes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Analysis and Evaluation of Hybrid Cooperative Frequency Control for Micro Grids in Islanding Mode in Case of Solar Panel Outage and Load Variation
maryam rahmani faramarz faghihi babak mozafariBackground and Objective: This paper proposes frequency control of micro grids in islanding mode with expected scenarios. Micro grids are able to operate in islanding mode. One of the most important difficulties for micro grid in islanding mode is frequency instability MoreBackground and Objective: This paper proposes frequency control of micro grids in islanding mode with expected scenarios. Micro grids are able to operate in islanding mode. One of the most important difficulties for micro grid in islanding mode is frequency instability or frequency fluctuation. Method: For rapid Frequency Control, power balance between generation and consumption should be provided momentary which can be achieved with ESS like batteries. Battery station with power electronics devices interface (BESS) due to having very fast dynamic response well designed can lead to improve frequency stability via absorption or injection of active power. Normally to achieve maximum usage of battery capacity considering available charge, choosing efficient control method is so crucial. Two different scenarios are considered to prove of efficiency of proposes cooperative control method using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. In the first scenario on islanding mode micro grid is studied in case of load variation but in another scenario both solar panel outage and load variation solar occurrence are simulated. Findings: In both scenarios, the proposed control method is simulated by changing the load and solar cell outflow. It was observed that the frequency oscillations were attenuated by a few tens of seconds and at the same time the battery returned to its minimum value after power was applied. It also keeps the voltage deviations within its normal range. By adjusting the control coefficients, this damping process for frequency fluctuations can be improved. Discussion and conclusion: A new cooperative frequency control method is introduced by combination of frequency control strategy and battery energy storage system via diesel generator attendance, the suggested method presents an efficient method during islanding mode operation of micro grid for frequency fluctuation considering minimum requested power of BESS, provide setting of control coefficients causes improvement of damping rate as well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The Calculation of Optimized Slop of Flat Solar Collectors and Comparing of Their Application at Each Month of the Year in Kerman
ahmad jamee Hasan Zolfagharzadeh Pooria AkbarzadehBackground and Objective: Today energy crisis and inherent environmental pollution caused by increasing consumption of non-renewable resources are one of the most major concerns of many countries including Iran and using of them is one of the most important factors to E MoreBackground and Objective: Today energy crisis and inherent environmental pollution caused by increasing consumption of non-renewable resources are one of the most major concerns of many countries including Iran and using of them is one of the most important factors to Earth demolition and climatic changes. Thus, numerous developed and enlarged countries try to extend the application and use of renewable energy resources. In this regard, the solar energy is one of the most important renewable and sustainable energy sources in the world and it mainly can be enumerated as the second largest energy sources in Iran after wind energy. This energy can be exploited in several methods such as flat collectors as one of the simplest and most usable systems that can be used in the buildings and solar chimney power plant. Due to daily and seasonal variations of the sun radiation, the optimal tilt estimation of collectors with maximum efficiency is very important.Method: This paper is based on a mathematical pattern and climatic data and the optimized tilt of flat collectors in city of Kerman is investigated. Then, by comparing and analyzing results of charts and tables, optimized tilt of flat collector at each month, season and annual are extracted and contrasted. Additionally, the percent of received radiation of each angle of plates in comparison to the optimized Angele are discussed.Findings: In the conclusion section, the optimal angle tilt of collector over the year including spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons besides the optimal angle building heating systems and outdoor swimming pools heating systems are also presented. Finally, efficiency of vertical and horizontal collectors has been investigated with respect to maximizing the efficiency of optimal tilt of collector over the year. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Experimental study of the effect of temperature and removal of dust and sand on photovoltaic modules
Meraj rajaee kourdistan challasiBackground and Objective: The presence of dust in the sky of Iran causes dust deposition on the surface of photovoltaic panels and greatly affects the efficiency of them. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of dust, sand and temperature on the efficie MoreBackground and Objective: The presence of dust in the sky of Iran causes dust deposition on the surface of photovoltaic panels and greatly affects the efficiency of them. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of dust, sand and temperature on the efficiency of photovoltaic panels.Material and Methodology: Two similar panels were placed outdoors for 1 days to investigate the impact of dust. One of the panels is equipped with a cleaning system, but the other panel is without a cleaner. In the temperature setting, the control panel was equipped with a cooling system but the experimental panel was set without a cooling system. For investigation the effect of dust and sand, four similar panels were used, the control panel was in the clean condition, but the experimental panels were covered with dust and sand.Findings: The results of this study indicate that dust deposition on the panel surface after 13 hour caused a decrease of 4% in voltage, 21% in current, 24% in power and an increase of 4% in the temperature of the contaminated panel compared to the clean panel. The panel with the higher temperature has a reduction of 3% in voltage, 25% in current and 29% in power in comparison with the lower temperature panel. In addition, the voltage and current of the sandblasted panel decreased more than the voltage and current of the panel contaminated with dust.Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results of this study, dust deposition on the panel surface and increasing the panel temperature decrease the photovoltaic panel efficiency. Dust also has more impact on the photovoltaic panel than sand. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Create comfort conditions in building by using a hybrid passive cooling system
Mahnoosh Eghtedari Abbas Mahravan Maryam Ansarimanesh ali nouriBackground and Objectives: Increasing fossil fuel consumption in the building, especially in the air conditioning sector, has increased environmental pollution and global warming.In this research, a zero-energy passive system was designed in a warm and dry climate to ve MoreBackground and Objectives: Increasing fossil fuel consumption in the building, especially in the air conditioning sector, has increased environmental pollution and global warming.In this research, a zero-energy passive system was designed in a warm and dry climate to ventilate the building and provide comfortable conditions for people in the summer. This Hybrid Passive Cooling System (HPCS) includes two distinctive systems: the Solar Chimney (SC) and Evaporative Cooling Cavity (ECC).Method: This research experimental-analytical and simulation studied and tested the ability of the system in cooling the building in the warmest month of the year from 9: 00 am to 3:00 pm for ten consecutive days. The air temperature, humidity, and ambient air velocity were measured at the outlet of the evaporative cooling channel and the inlet of the solar chimney.Findings: The findings showed this system could reduce the air temperature by an average of 10 and could increase the air humidity by 34%. Moreover, the air velocity of the SC increased as the air got warm so that the maximum inlet air velocity in the solar chimney reached the highest level (2.8) at 3 pm. In addition. Since the outlet air velocity of the windcatcher rose to 0.41 at 3:00 pm compared to 9:00 am, which is equivalent to an air temperature drop of 3.6, the chamber was in comfort condition by using the hybrid system at 3:00 pm.Discussion and Conclusion: The results show that using a passive hybrid system, the chamber is in comfortable condition from 9:00 am to 3:00 pm. Calculating the cost of constructing and installing a hybrid passive system and comparing it with a water cooler indicates that the proposed is profitable since used, and the return time of the system after running and launching the system.With an increase in the number of people from 1 to 4 people, the room is in comfortable conditions at 9 am and noon, but at 3 pm the room is placed with 4 people out of the comfort zone. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Study of the design principles of residential buildings in a moderate and humid climate with a natural ventilation approach (Case study: Analysis of simulated openings of a residential building in Amol city)
reza rahsepar monfared saeed kardar iraj shahrooz tehraniBackground and Objective: Inattention to the climatic features of different regions and the absence of sufficient knowledge of the design principles for optimal use of the potentials of the natural environment leads to higher costs and waste of energy in various fields. MoreBackground and Objective: Inattention to the climatic features of different regions and the absence of sufficient knowledge of the design principles for optimal use of the potentials of the natural environment leads to higher costs and waste of energy in various fields. Accordingly, due to high humidity in Amol and high cost of ventilation and reduction of moisture in summer, the main objective of this research is to examine and analyze the simulated openings of a residential building with a natural ventilation approach. Method: the present study was carried out in the first step by reviewing the subject literature on this issue and identifying the concepts and principles of residential building design in the field of energy. Then, by supplying the climate information file of Amol from the Weather Meteorology Center for the Climate Consultant software, Design elements were presented. Subsequently, the components were analyzed by Expert Choice software based on the AHP method and computation of component weight led to the final decision in choosing the most important component. Finally, with the simulation of the building in the Flow Design software, the impact of natural ventilation on residential slopes was investigated. Findings: seven components were extracted from the above software as principles of the design and tables of climate interpretation. In the following, with the hierarchical analysis method (AHP), a natural ventilation component with a weight of 0.399 was found to be the main component of the static solar power system. Discussion and conclusion: A natural ventilation pattern was designed in a building with a sloping roof and specific dimensions in the Amol climate. By changing the layout of two 1-square-meter openings on two walls with a height of 2.7 meters in opposite directions at two heights of 1 and 1.7 meters from the floor of the building, 4 airflow modes were simulated with regard to the wind speed of the area in the Flow Design software. In this simulation, by placing the wind tunnel perpendicular to two walls, it can be stated that the best natural ventilation efficiency from these four conditions, is the one with two under-roof structures at 1.7-meter height with the highest wind-suction coefficient of 1.19, which will make a reasonable ventilation and air flow in the simulated residential building. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Effect of Leakage Modification and Cooling Flow Rate Increase of Water-Cooled Condenser on NVD System Performance Equipped with Vacuum Tube Collectors
Mohammad Javad Abbaspour mohammad behshad ShafieiBackground and Objective: Lack of access to sufficient fresh water is a major threat to people around the world, and to prevent this, extensive research is being done to find new ways to purify different sources of brackish water at lower cost, energy and environmental MoreBackground and Objective: Lack of access to sufficient fresh water is a major threat to people around the world, and to prevent this, extensive research is being done to find new ways to purify different sources of brackish water at lower cost, energy and environmental impacts. The purpose of this study is to produce the freshwater through an NVD system using vacuum tube collectors and vacuum creation by a vacuum pump. Hence, this kind of system could be considered as an innovative combination one; in addition, the effect of different vacuum pressures on yield, then the effect of leakage modification and flow rate increase of cooling water on the system performance were experimentally investigated. Method: In this research, a vacuum pump was utilized to create an initial vacuum, and when it is switched off, a barometric water column maintains the vacuum naturally throughout the consecutive days. The vacuum collectors were used in order to enhance the saline water heat transfer; later the system performance was continually examined. After the improvements were carried to the system, the yield and efficiency were analyzed and compared with the first test. Furthermore, a pressure gauge, a pyranometer and some thermocouples were applied so as to measure the system pressure, solar radiation and temperatures respectively. Findings: The current study found that the yield and efficiency of the system increased by raising the vacuum pressure; besides, after the leakage modification and cooling water flow rate enhancement, the efficiency has been insignificantly varied in the first consecutive days resulting in a superior capability to produce fresh water for more than three days without reusing the vacuum pump. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that raising the vacuum pressure increased the yield and efficiency so that they reached to 8.114 kg/m2d and more than 51% respectively. Moreover, the efficiency slightly varied and as a result, the system would be able to produce freshwater for more than three days without reutilizing vacuum pump. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Zoning and locating solar power station using AHP and GIS in Yazd province
zohreh momenzadeh saeideh kalantari Mahdi Tazeh roholah taghizadehBackground and Objective: The completion of fossil fuels has led humans to go to the renewable and accessible energy and thus can reduce environmental problems caused by fossil fuels. Solar energy can also be considered as one of the options for solving the problem of e MoreBackground and Objective: The completion of fossil fuels has led humans to go to the renewable and accessible energy and thus can reduce environmental problems caused by fossil fuels. Solar energy can also be considered as one of the options for solving the problem of electricity supply to distant areas.Method: In this research, climatic sub-criteria including relative humidity, annual precipitation, sunny hours, daytime and dust were collected from Rabat-e-posht-e-Badam, Meybod, Yazd, Mehriz, Abarkuh, Bafgh, Herat and Marvast stations. The ARC GIS software use for layer digitization and AHP method use in order to weigh the sub-criteria and apply all the weights in each layers, also, the prone areas to deploying a Findings: the result showed that annual sunny hours are the most important parameter of energy received from the sun, the best places for utilizing solar energy are Rabat –e-Posht-e-badam, Mehriz, Meybod and Marvost in the first priority and then Yazd in the second priority, Abarkouh and Herat were identified as the third priority.Discussion and conclusion: After providing a map of susceptible sites, it was determined that 13.63 percent of the area of the province was in the most desirable range. 23.06 percent in the optimal range, 36.78 percent in the medium range, 26.53 percent in the unfavorable area for the establishment of the solar power plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Presenting a plan for buildings with solar panels by obtaining optimal angles for different months of the year to increase the amount of electricity production
parya Shafipouryourdshahi Hossein Soleimani Mehdi Soleymani GharagolBackground and Objective: Nowadays, the design, architecture and urban beautification by solar panels to absorb clean energy that leads to the reduction of greenhouse gases and environmental pollution have attracted the attention of architects and engineers. In this art MoreBackground and Objective: Nowadays, the design, architecture and urban beautification by solar panels to absorb clean energy that leads to the reduction of greenhouse gases and environmental pollution have attracted the attention of architects and engineers. In this article, due to the importance of the subject, a model is presented to obtain the most optimal angle of the panels to obtain the highest efficiency, so that the highest possible efficiency can be obtained by examining the different angles of placing the panels towards the sun in different components of the building.Material and Methodology: The current research is applied in terms of purpose and has a quantitative approach. In this article, a 2 kW power plant, separated from the electricity distribution network, located in Almanabad area of Urmia city, has been selected, and by entering its specifications in the PVsyst software and performing simulation, the information related to the produced energy for all months has been examined.Findings: The results show that The results showed that installing solar panels in different parts of the building with optimal angles creates the highest efficiency in all months. The comparison of the efficiency calculated in the optimal angles extracted from the software and the practical efficiency in the sample power distribution plant shows that the energy produced in both cases has a slight difference, which shows the confirmation of the simulations.Discussion and Conclusion: If the solar panels are set at the most optimal possible angle every month, they will have 5.8% more efficiency than the fixed state during a year. Therefore, in this research, various plans for urban design and beautification by solar panels are suggested, which in addition to maintaining efficiency, have a suitable design in terms of Iranian architecture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Evaluation of energy efficiency in production process of biodiesel to conventional, ultrasonic and microwave methods
golmohammad khoobbakht Mahmoud KarimiBackground and Objective: Energy balance is a suitable tool for assessing the effects of production on environment with considering the amount of fossil fuels used and the amount of energy output. In the present study, input-output energy ratio and energy efficiency of MoreBackground and Objective: Energy balance is a suitable tool for assessing the effects of production on environment with considering the amount of fossil fuels used and the amount of energy output. In the present study, input-output energy ratio and energy efficiency of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil in three ways: conventional, using ultrasound irradiation and using microwave was investigated.Material and Methodology: In this study the energy inputs such as waste cooking oil, methanol, catalyst, electricity and energy for biodiesel production and output of energy, including biodiesel, glycerin, excess alcohol, water, soap, monoglycerides and diglyceride to estimate energy efficiency were calculated.Findings: The consumed energy for the methods of conventional, using ultrasound irradiation and using microwave were found 33.73, 35.75 and 34.39 MJ/L, respectively. The energy efficiency of biodiesel production in conventional, using ultrasound irradiation and using microwave were calculated 0.87, 0.80 and 0.77 respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: Among the mentioned methods of biodiesel production in the present study, using ultrasound irradiation in the process of biodiesel production was found as the best method in terms of input-output energy ratio and energy efficiency. The using ultrasound irradiation with the renewability index of 75% was also found as the most renewable process among the studied methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Locate solar panels using climate indices and GIS (Case study: Khuzestan)
Mokhtar Karami Rasol SarvestanBackground and Objective: In this research, it is tried to find the location of solar panels using climate and geographic information systems in the province of Khuzestan. Material and Methodology: At first, climatic data (total annual precipitation, annual average, su MoreBackground and Objective: In this research, it is tried to find the location of solar panels using climate and geographic information systems in the province of Khuzestan. Material and Methodology: At first, climatic data (total annual precipitation, annual average, sunshine and number of days of dust) related to 21 meteorological stations and elevation, slope, tilt, fault, fault, land use and road layers as the most important climatic factors, Topography, environment and human environment, which were influenced by the amount of solar panels in GIS, were generated using the IDW method, then weighed according to the FTOPSIS model, and these layers were combined through the overlapping method and the layer layers To establish solar panels in the province was provided. Findings: After creating the layered layers, they were finally placed in the GIS environment by combining different layers of information and determining the weight of each information layer. The classification of the map of the solar panels in 5 highly desirable categories with (2.020-3.020- 3.050), in the desirable range (1.540-2.090), moderate (1.220-1.530), in the unfavorable range (941-1.210) and very unfavorable (512-940). Discussion and Conclusion: The study showed that, by combining different information layers and applying limitations and potentials, the eastern boundary zones including the cities of Dahdz and Izeh have the highest degree of utility in the construction of solar panels. The results also showed that the GIS as a decision support system and fuzzy overhead analysis process (FTOPSIS) is a flexible model for locating data in the selection of suitable solar panels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Feasibility study of replacing solar energy in order to provide different energies, especially desalination of water required by a building
essmail mohisenpour Mohammad Ali Ehyaei Ashkan AbdalisousanBackground and Objective: Today in the world we are facing a shortage of fresh water and to overcome this important issue all countries in the world are looking to desalinate water in different ways to meet the needs of their country. The use of renewable energy is a go MoreBackground and Objective: Today in the world we are facing a shortage of fresh water and to overcome this important issue all countries in the world are looking to desalinate water in different ways to meet the needs of their country. The use of renewable energy is a good way to supply the energy needed in these units. Material and Methodology: In this study, using the initial data, the amount of electric charge of a residential unit located in Bandar Abbas, for different months of the year was calculated and considering the amount of electricity required, the amount of heating and cooling load using software Carrier was obtained. Also, using the available data, the energy required for the desalination plant and the desired area for the solar panel were calculated. After analyzing the obtained data in terms of energy and exergy, among the water desalination methods, reverse osmosis method was selected that the required source is supplied through seawater. Findings: The maximum required area of the solar panel to supply electricity to the residential unit is about 134 square meters and has the capacity to produce about 9 kW of electricity and the exergy efficiency of these panels at its maximum is about 25%. Also, about 220 liters of drinking water is produced for 4 family members during the day. Economically, the return on investment is about 7 years and with a domestic return of 17%. Discussion and Conclusions: Depending on the generation capacity of the solar panel in the months of the year such as winter that require less energy, the excess electricity generated can be transferred to the distribution network to help generate revenue for the system. Economically, due to the provision of initial capital in this residential unit, it is possible to create a system independent of the distribution network that will also provide the fresh water needed for the residential unit and is recommended for areas facing shortage of drinking water. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Design and Simulation of Photovoltaic Array for Plug in Hybrid Solar Assist Electric Tractor Using MATLAB
Hossein Mosazadeh Alireaza Keyhani Arjang Javadi Hossein Mobli Karen Abrynia Ahmad SharifiThe array of a plug in hybrid solar assist electric tractor is designed and simulated by MATLAB software before construction. The array consists of 15 solar panels from which 5 are connected in series and 3 groups are connected in parallel. The relation between input MoreThe array of a plug in hybrid solar assist electric tractor is designed and simulated by MATLAB software before construction. The array consists of 15 solar panels from which 5 are connected in series and 3 groups are connected in parallel. The relation between input and output parameters and effective environmental factors are modeled by mathematical formula and Voltage-Current, Voltage- Power curves assessed in different conditions and for different parameters. Results showed that the evaluation diagrams are in good agreement with experimental values with acceptable accuracy with as high as 97 % compared with the manufacturing company data. Finally, the designed algorithm was compared with that of Sandia National Laboratories Algorithm and good agreements were resulted as well. It is concluded that the simple developed model presented in this paper is comparable to the complicated model developed by Sandia algorithm and can safely be used instead. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Solar combi-systems: a new solution for heating buildings
Morteza Khalaji Asadi Zahra Abedi Nima ShareeSolar combi-systems have attracted more attention technologically and economically compared with the other thermal applications of the solar energy in the world. The reason why these systems are preferred for the provision of hot water and solar heating is that they nee MoreSolar combi-systems have attracted more attention technologically and economically compared with the other thermal applications of the solar energy in the world. The reason why these systems are preferred for the provision of hot water and solar heating is that they need a medium temperature which can be supplied by flat-plate collectors and at a lower cost than that of other types of collectors. In this paper, first the thermal loads of residential apartments (in two cases: with common materials and with materials dictated by the national rules of construction) in Hamedan and Karaj have been computed. Then, suitable solar combi-systems have been designed for each apartment. Subsequently, the rate of thermal energy that can be provided by this system and windows has been calculated. In the next step, considering the heating energy needed by building and studying the expense-efficiency curve of the solar combi-system, the number of solar flat-plate collectors has been calculated, and considering the effect of solar panels shadow and the space limitation of the roof, a hybrid (fossil-solar) system has been proposed. The results show that the average solar energy which can be used varies from 15 1o 45 percents in the cold months of the year. Consequently, considering the annual fuel savings and also the reduction of social costs in cold regions using the solar combi-system as well as the international price of energy, about 43 million Rials will be saved in fuel costs so that the initial high investment expenses will be returned in less than two years. In the same way, about 10 million Rials will be saved in fuel costs in temperate regions; therefore, the initial investment expenses will be returned in four years Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Economical and Environmental Costs Analysing of Replacing Gas and Electric Water Heaters with the Solar Water Heaters
Hossein Yousefi Younes Noorollahi Somayeh ToghyaniBachground and Objective: Following the oil crisis in the seventies and the rising cost of fossil fuels, the use of renewable energies flourished. Applying of new and renewable energies, especially solar energy, the divine eternal source due to its easy availability and MoreBachground and Objective: Following the oil crisis in the seventies and the rising cost of fossil fuels, the use of renewable energies flourished. Applying of new and renewable energies, especially solar energy, the divine eternal source due to its easy availability and, in recent years more attention has been scientists and students of the energy. A variety of methods exist for the use of clean energy and eternal God, but heating water using solar water heaters, as perhaps is the easiest and most economical method. Method: In this study, environmental and economic feasibility of using solar water heater systems in residential buildings, 6 units (households with 4 or 5 persons) using real data in the environment of Retscreen software has been studied. Findings and Conclusion: Results of this research show that the replacement of gas water heaters with the solar water heaters, the annual savings in natural gas consumption to supply hot water for the entire households is consuming 5,820 cubic meters. And the rate of annual economic savings equals 6402000 rials will be replace the electric water heaters the solar water heaters, electrical energy savings of 22,995 kWh annually and annual economic savings of 120,244,000 Iranian Rials. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Ozone Concentration and Meteorological Parameters Alternations Investigation in Air Quality Control Company to Aqdasieh Station in 7 Months (from Oct. 2007 to Apr. 2008) in Tehran
Mansour Ghiasodin Leila SouratiIn this research measuring ozone concentration in air quality control Company at Aqdasieh station,and meteorological parameters at Resalat station, was compared and investigated. This investigationwas performed for 7 months (from Oct. 2007 to Apr. 2008). The average dai MoreIn this research measuring ozone concentration in air quality control Company at Aqdasieh station,and meteorological parameters at Resalat station, was compared and investigated. This investigationwas performed for 7 months (from Oct. 2007 to Apr. 2008). The average daily Ozone concentrationshowed the least quantity of Ozone in early morning and late night air. Comparing the sunshineradiation with variation of Ozone concentration indicated that these two items have direct relations.Increasing the sunshine radiation concludes the increasing of photochemical activity and consequentlyincreasing the Ozone concentration. Investigating the monthly average Ozone concentration showedthat the least registered amount of Ozone was during these 7 months of measurement in Azar(November) and the most registered amount of Ozone occurred in Farvardin (April). The mostimportant factor of main increasing happened in April and in the solar radiation and photochemicalactivities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - energy harvesting and management in IoT
MohammadMahdi YadegarThe collection of papers investigates various aspects of energy harvesting and power management for Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The overarching objective is to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of IoT systems through innovative energy harvesting techniques MoreThe collection of papers investigates various aspects of energy harvesting and power management for Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The overarching objective is to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of IoT systems through innovative energy harvesting techniques and effective power management strategies. The methodologies employed across these studies include designing energy-efficient IoT architectures, exploring different energy harvesting techniques (such as solar and photovoltaic methods), implementing Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) systems, and devising effective task scheduling algorithms for energy-harvested IoT devices. The studies also delve into power management and control mechanisms, focusing on self-powered IoT devices capable of operating in remote or harsh environments. Significant findings across the papers reveal advancements in solar energy harvesting for IoT devices, improved energy storage using supercapacitors and lithium cells, and the development of ultra-low power wireless IoT devices. One study specifically highlights a self-powered IoT device prototype, demonstrating its functionality in remote applications with extended operational capacity. The main conclusion drawn from these studies is the feasibility and effectiveness of self-sustaining IoT systems through advanced energy harvesting techniques and power management strategies. These innovations promise to significantly reduce the dependency on traditional power sources, thereby paving the way for more robust, efficient, and sustainable IoT ecosystems in various applications, including remote and challenging environments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Designing Green Branches of Banks of Iran with Renewable Power Plant
Mostafa Esmaeili Shayan Gholamhassan Najafi Ahmmad BanakarIn this research, based on meteorological data and also using the Sandia model standard in virtual meteorology, a photovoltaic power plant was designed and simulated in 5 company buildings in Tehran, Fars, Qom and Yazd provinces. Simulation and design data were validate MoreIn this research, based on meteorological data and also using the Sandia model standard in virtual meteorology, a photovoltaic power plant was designed and simulated in 5 company buildings in Tehran, Fars, Qom and Yazd provinces. Simulation and design data were validated with real power consumption data and green branch buildings were introduced. The results of technical design studies of grid-connected power plants (production-demand) showed: The Tehran branch office, independent of the national electricity grid, supplies electricity demand up to 151 percent. This branch was introduced as a green branch. Branch construction power plant: Central Yazd 26.37%, Amirkabir Tehran 38.80%, Sibouyeh Shiraz 41.90% and Amin Boulevard Qom 21.72% responded to the demand of electric power of branch buildings. Economic analysis showed the return on investment period in the power plant of Tehran Dastavareh branch to be minimum and equivalent to 5.16 years and Sibouyeh Shiraz to be maximum and equivalent to 8.51 years. The analysis of supplying the needs of the branch buildings through photovoltaic power plant proved: the use of large buildings in the green branches of banks is not optimal and it is better to use the parking space and yard, which do not need air conditioning system at the same time, to provide the case level. Use the power plant opinion. The highest radiation on the southern walls at the rate of 90 kWh per square meter was recorded in October and the lowest amount was recorded in June at the rate of 21 kWh per square meter. Buildings located in the latitude of Tehran in order to make the most of the area for energy production of photovoltaic power plants should be north and south wall should be used at the same time to provide the required level of photovoltaic power plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Heat Budget in Uremieh Lake
Hesameddin Mehrfar Masoud Torabi Azad Amin Raeesi Abdolreza Sabet Ahd Jahromi Balal PartoviThe subject of heat budget has always been one of the most important causes of physical studying of the oceans, the seas and the lakes. The purpose of this article is to determine the variation of each effective parameter in the heat balance of Uremieh lake. Heat balanc MoreThe subject of heat budget has always been one of the most important causes of physical studying of the oceans, the seas and the lakes. The purpose of this article is to determine the variation of each effective parameter in the heat balance of Uremieh lake. Heat balance can play an important role in the physics, meteorology and water movement of Uremieh lake. in this article, each heat budget term equation, by means of empirical relations and satellite measured information such as (water and weather temperature, cloud cover, wind speed, relative humidity, and the pressure of solar radiation of filled steam) has calculated and its measures (Qsw=8183.42 & QLw=-2651.47 & QS = 360.57 & QL = 5173.9 W/m2) is obtained later the effective of this atmosphere parameter on heat budget terms is analyzed and discussed. finally, the measurements obtained are compared with medium worldwide and concluded that the heat exchange among the sea, atmosphere, wind, basin volume, etc. can create processes in the lake and help to heat transmission. Its measure equals (QV = -86.05 W/m2) By obtaining these heat measurments we see that there is a good balance between the lake heat budget terms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Calibration of earth surface received radiation in north east of Iran
mahnaz rostamian Amir Hossein HalabianAbstract The solar radiation reached the earth surface (RS) has wide applications in many areas of agriculture engineering, irrigation and hydrology and that’s why various methods have been represented for its estimation, which Angstrom – Prescott equation MoreAbstract The solar radiation reached the earth surface (RS) has wide applications in many areas of agriculture engineering, irrigation and hydrology and that’s why various methods have been represented for its estimation, which Angstrom – Prescott equation is one of the most important equation in this field. This equation has experimental coefficients that are different for any situation. Because of the importance of Rs, various methods have developed for its estimation. The radiation reached to earth surface is evaluated by using average daily sunny hours data of synoptic affiliated to the general state metrological office in the north of Khorasan, Khorasan Razavi and southern Khorasan 1988- 2016. The Angstrom – prescient method has been used for estimating solar radiation of earth surface in the studied area. In this research, the a & b coefficients were calculated by using Ferrer's method fastly and then have been placed in Angstrom equation. Finally, the radiation equivalent map of the studied area has been drawn and analyzed by using kriging interpolation model. The research outcome indicated that southern, south-east regions and at the next level, the center of the studied area especially Nehbndan station have more potential for receiving solar radiation. The minimum monthly received radiation of area during January and December month in the north and northwest of this region, which are 7.98 and 7.36 megajoules per square meter respectively. The maximum received radiation of area occurs in July about 30.24 megajoules. South and south-east regions up to the center of the of the area Nehbandan station have more potential for receiving in terms of radiation during summer & spring seasons respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Investigations on Optoelectronic Properties of New low Gap Compounds Based on Pyrrole as Solar Cells Materials
O. Ninis S.M. Bouzzine H. Toufik F. Lamchouri M. Abarkan M. Hamidi M. Bouachrine -
Open Access Article
45 - Investigations of New Low Gap Conjugated Compounds Based on Thiophene-Phenylene as Solar Cells Materials
Mansour Amine Amina Amine Mohammed Hamidi Si Mohammed Bouzzine Mohammed Bouachrine -
Open Access Article
46 - Binuclear Complex of Zinc and Copper with Unsymmetrical Macrocyclic Ligand as Sensitizer in Nanocrystaline TiO2 Solar Cells
Malihe Khalili Mohammad Abedi Davood Sadeghi Fateh Kobra Razmi -
Open Access Article
47 - Photodegradation of Insecticide Chlorpyrifos in Aqueous Solution under Simulated Solar Light Irradiation Conditions using Babolrood River Water
Seyed-Ali Sobhanian Abbas Ahmadi Babak Nahri-Niknafs -
Open Access Article
48 - Quantum Chemical Investigation of the Photovoltaic Properties of Conjugated Molecules Based Oligothiophene and Carbazole
N. Belghiti M.N. Bennani Si Mohamed Bouzzine Mohamed Hamidi Mohamed Bouachrine -
Open Access Article
49 - Synthesis of aerosol spray pyrolysis based on CZTS nanostructures for photovoltaic applications
mojtaba jamiatiAs the detrimental effects of the extraction, treatment and combustion of natural resources for energy production are clearly understood, the need for renewable energy becomes more favorable with economic competition. Solar power generation is a technically viable metho MoreAs the detrimental effects of the extraction, treatment and combustion of natural resources for energy production are clearly understood, the need for renewable energy becomes more favorable with economic competition. Solar power generation is a technically viable method, although the main drawback is the cost. Traditional silicon-based single-crystal photovoltaics are too expensive to compete with non-renewable energy, while alternative materials such as cadmium telluride and copper-indium-gallium-selenide contain expensive and unstable elements, while cadmium is a carcinogen. Za is known. Copper-zinc-tin sulfide (CZTS) is another alternative, although the technology is not yet advanced enough to enter the market. The present work is a study on the synthesis of CZTS nanostructures using aerosol spray pyrolysis based on CZTS nanostructures for photovoltaic applications in an inexpensive, environmentally friendly and industrially extensible manner. We dissolve a precursor solution with air-soluble copper, zinc, and tin compounds and pass the droplets through the furnace, where the precursors dissolve to form CZTS structures thermally. Using this method, we can produce thin films - by placing a substrate inside the furnace - and nanoparticles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Forecasting Operational Parameters of a Solar Space Heating System using a Novel Multistage Artificial Neural Network
Farnaz Jamadi Behnam Jamali -
Open Access Article
51 - Substrate Temperature Effect on Photovoltaic Performance of Lead Sulfide (PbS) Nanostructures Deposited by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Method
Mohsen Cheraghizade Ramin Yousefi Farid Jamali-Sheini -
Open Access Article
52 - Site selection of solar power plant using Geospatial Information System and climatic data (Case study: Ilam province)
Hoda Ahmadi Jafar Morshedi Farideh AzimiThe aim of this study was to determine the appropriate location for the construction of solar power plants according to the criteria and factors of climate (temperature, radiation, precipitation, sundial, evaporated), topography (elevation, slope, aspect, distance to fa MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the appropriate location for the construction of solar power plants according to the criteria and factors of climate (temperature, radiation, precipitation, sundial, evaporated), topography (elevation, slope, aspect, distance to fault), environment (user land, rivers) and human environment (residential areas, roads) in Geographical information system (GIS) and hierarchical model in Ilam province. According to the importance and role of these factors, the statistics of parameters were analyzed in the software Excel and map of each criterion was prepared in GIS and the weight of each criterion was determined by Analytical hierarchical process (AHP). ArcGIS®9.3 software was utilized for the modeling and integration of data to produce the map of solar plant construction in four different classes (poor, moderate, good and very good). The results showed that the zones in very good class covered an area of 1510812500 m2;thus, the southern and western regions of Ilam province are the best places for the construction of solar power plants. Results also showed that GIS as a decision support system and AHP as a flexible model are appropriate for modeling spatial data and positioning the right place of solar power plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Site selection suitable areas for solar power plants under the influence of climatic factors using FAHP method (Case study: Fars province)
Mosrafa Gorji Sajad Khoshnod Hossein Omrani Morteza HashemiRenewable resources which are good alternatives to non-renewable fossil fuels have caused communities to take an interest in energy sources such as solar energy. The purpose of this study is site selection suitable areas for the construction of solar power plants in Far MoreRenewable resources which are good alternatives to non-renewable fossil fuels have caused communities to take an interest in energy sources such as solar energy. The purpose of this study is site selection suitable areas for the construction of solar power plants in Fars province based on meteorological and climatic parameters. In this research precipitation, temperature, relative humidity, sunshine hours, elevation, dust, aspect slope parameters was used. According to the importance and role of these factors, the statistics of parameters were analyzed and each criterion map was prepared in GIS software. All layers the IDRISI software was fuzzy. Finally, the location map of suitable areas was produced based on obtaining weights the method Fuzzy-AHP and results in four classes (excellent, good, medium and poor) were classified. The results of site selection solar power plants showed that the north and northeast parts of the province have more potential with an area more than 60% of the total area of the province while the southern parts of the province with an area totaling almost 0.026% of the whole area of the province have the least potential. The most area of the province in terms of potentiality for solar power plant is in an excellent category. In addition, climatic results indicated that the potential regions for constructing solar power plants are those with a dry and semi-arid climate where stations like Abadeh, Izadkhast, Bavanat, and Safashahr are located. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Estimation of the instantaneous short wavelength solar radiation using satellite images of MODIS (Case study: Central regions of Iran)
Esmaeil Tazik Abdol Ali Rezaei Ali Abkar Seyed Kazem Alavipanah Zahra Jahantab Alireza RahmatiUsing renewable energy, particularly solar radiation is considered today as one of the most important energy sources. Therefore the study of solar energy is very important. Although the sun is a great source of energy, but the energy output at ground level does not act MoreUsing renewable energy, particularly solar radiation is considered today as one of the most important energy sources. Therefore the study of solar energy is very important. Although the sun is a great source of energy, but the energy output at ground level does not act alike, so that the amount of solar radiation in different parts of the world is changing and it is high in low latitudes. Thus, identifying appropriate locations for implementation of solar energy is necessary. The best and most accurate way to measure this parameter is using devices that measure radiation in stations, but because of natural, economic conditions and other conditions we cannot use them On the other hand, these devices have a limited radius of point measurements. So, in recent years using satellite images these problems have been resolved partially. Therefore, in this study using satellite images of MODIS sensor and narrow band to broadband albedo conversion method, the instantaneous short-wave solar radiation in the central Iranian province of Qom, Isfahan, Tehran and Semnan was estimated. To analyze the results of the coefficient of determination (R2) root mean square error (RMSe) and the mean average error (MAE) was used. Consequently the rate of RMSE was about 42 watts per square meter and MAE rate was about 40.75 watts per square meter indicating the high accuracy of the method used to estimate radiation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Optimum Design of Solar Power Plant in Off-Grid Mode in Order to Reduce Construction Costs and the Amount of Unsupplied Load by ALPSO Algorithm
Layth Khudhair Abbas Halae Mohamadmahdi RezaeiSolar energy is the world's most unique and affordable renewable energy source and can be converted into many other forms. In this article, it will be discussed in a long-term perspective the technical and economic feasibility of installing stand-alone solar power plant MoreSolar energy is the world's most unique and affordable renewable energy source and can be converted into many other forms. In this article, it will be discussed in a long-term perspective the technical and economic feasibility of installing stand-alone solar power plant units with battery support to supply part of Baghdad's electricity. The objective function of this problem includes the cost of installation and maintenance of solar panels, batteries and inverter, which is solved with a certain interest rate in a 20-year perspective using IPSO and ALPSO methods. Furthermore, the load loss supplied and the charging/discharging limit are among the constraints. This article is unique in that it is implemented in the context of Baghdad city, and it also investigates the possible profit from selling power to main grid. Other features and innovations include the implementation of the new ALPSO algorithm. In this algorithm, the constraints of the problem are respected through a three-step adaptive search process. The results show that the proposed methods significantly reduce the lost load (especially in the ALPSO method), reduce the cost of maintenance and installation, and generally improve the performance of the system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Effects of Mulch type, Times and Tuber Burial Depth on Growth and Tuber Production of Purple Nutsedge(Cyperus rotundus L.)
Mohammad Roozkhosh behrouz KHALIL TAHMASEBI zabihollah Azami-Sardooei Hamid Reza Alizadeh farnaz fekrat Mehdi Rastgoo ahmad AeinPurple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) is a problematic weed in vegetables production systems in eastern and southeastern of Iran, To evaluate the different levels of polyethylene mulches, Tuber burial depths, and times on Management on purple nutsedge, a factorial exper MorePurple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) is a problematic weed in vegetables production systems in eastern and southeastern of Iran, To evaluate the different levels of polyethylene mulches, Tuber burial depths, and times on Management on purple nutsedge, a factorial experiment base on randomized complete block design with four replications, at Jiroft University Research Farm, was conducted, field experiments to investigate the effect of mulch type including, (one and two layer clear polyethylene film, one-layer clear polyethylene + hen manure, one layer black polyethylene and non-mulched as control), second factor was times application at three levels including (20, 40 and 60 days) and third factor tubers burial depths at three levels including (5, 15 and 25cm) on C. rotundus above and below ground growth were conducted. Results showed that two-layer clear polyethylene mulch provided greatest suppression of C. rotundus growth was observed in plots covered with 2-layer clear LDPE, at 60 days in all depths (5,15 and 25cm). However, one-layer clear mulch at 60 days in 5 cm depth and one-layer clear polyethylene + hen manure at 60 days in 5 and 15 cm depth, inhibited viability tubers significantly. But positive effect was not shown on the growth control of the period in the other treatment. Generally, the results showed that two factors of polyethylene mulches and period of solarization of have a direct effect on the control of purple nutsedge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Effects of soil solarization on population of Prostigmatic mites (Acari: Trombidiformes)
S. Javan S. E. Hosseini H. Ostovan M. Farzaneh S. ShabaniOur research has been done in order to find out the effects of soil solarization on population of prostigmatic mites, in Fars Science and Research, Fars Province, during the years 2010-2011. We prepared a land with the area of 120 m2 in the above location. The block was MoreOur research has been done in order to find out the effects of soil solarization on population of prostigmatic mites, in Fars Science and Research, Fars Province, during the years 2010-2011. We prepared a land with the area of 120 m2 in the above location. The block was divided to 3 parts of 5×8 m. The first part was covered by a plastic, the second part was covered by a plastic but the soil was mixed with manure. The third part was used as control. Samples were taken randomly from the depths of 5, 10 and 15 cm every other day. Totally 1215 prostigmatic mites were collected from 108 soil samples. These mites belonged to 6 families of Cunaxidae, Bdellidae, Cheyletidae, Tetranychidae, Stigmaeidae and Tenuipalpidae. In this research Tetranychid mites had the most and Tenuipalpid mites had the least population in different depths of the soil. Our results indicated a significant reduction in Prostigmatic mites population in both plastic covered treatment and plastic covered with manure in compare to control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - An Overview of the Use of Solar Energy in Building Construction Projects
mahsa Hojjatian Amirhossein Heravi Javad Asad Poor -
Open Access Article
59 - Hydrogen solar fuel generation from photocatalytic decomposition of H2S-containing media via nanostructured solid-solution semiconductor
M Ghanimati Sh Afshari M Lashgari -
Open Access Article
60 - Synthesis of n-type and p-type CuInS2 thin films via simple SILAR method
hossien Alehdaghi Mohammad Zirak -
Open Access Article
61 - An analysis of the cost index of renewable energy production in Iran (Case study: home scale photovoltaic power plant)
Shirin Azizi Reza Radfar Hanieh Nikomaram Ali RajabzadehRenewable energy plays significant role in achieving energy savings and emissions reduction. As a ‎sustainable and environmental friendly renewable energy source, solar photovoltaic (PV) is of ‎interest for research and development. However, the cost of PV gener MoreRenewable energy plays significant role in achieving energy savings and emissions reduction. As a ‎sustainable and environmental friendly renewable energy source, solar photovoltaic (PV) is of ‎interest for research and development. However, the cost of PV generation and determining FIT ‎based on it is a factor hampering the commercialization of this emerging industry. This paper uses a ‎mathematical model of the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) to calculate the power generation cost ‎of PV projects on the basis of lifetime cost structure analysis. The minimum amount of guaranteed electricity purchase is calculated by it.A sensitivity analysis is conducted to ‎examine the impact of different variables on the LCOE of PV projects. The results of sensitivity ‎analysis showed that the capacity factor is the most influential variable in determining the LCOE ‎value. This research provides support for government to formulate incentive policies for the ‎industry And thus offers the development of the use of renewable energy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - A Hierarchical Fuzzy Data Envelopment Analysis to Locate the Solar Power Sites
Navid Rafiei Mahtab SherafatiThe creation of solar panels can be a turning point in the use of clean energy. Environmental protection, non-polluting, and efficiency of solar panels cause that they have been one of the important and novel means of electrical power generation in many parts of th MoreThe creation of solar panels can be a turning point in the use of clean energy. Environmental protection, non-polluting, and efficiency of solar panels cause that they have been one of the important and novel means of electrical power generation in many parts of the world. In this paper, a hierarchical data envelopment analysis process is applied to determine the most efficient location for the solar power sites under uncertainty environment. Finally, the proposed approach is conducted for a real case study and the best and the most effective location is chosen for solar power generation site. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Numerical study on nanofluid natural convection in a vacuum tube solar collector with phase change materials
seyed Alireza Nazem Iman ZahmatkeshAs an eternal and widespread energy source, solar energy has a low density while its intensity is changing continuously. Unavailability of the solar energy in nights and the gap between the time of radiation and its consumption are concerned as the main drawbacks of thi MoreAs an eternal and widespread energy source, solar energy has a low density while its intensity is changing continuously. Unavailability of the solar energy in nights and the gap between the time of radiation and its consumption are concerned as the main drawbacks of this type of energy. In applications such as domestic hot water (DHW), phase change materials (PCMs) can successfully remove this shortcoming due to their high thermal capacity and constant temperature during the phase change process. However, thermal conductivity of water is relatively low which reduces the performance of vacuum tube solar collectors. This properties can be improved substantially with the utilization of nanofluids. This paper presents a numerical study on nanofluid natural convection in a vacuum tube solar collector with phase change materials. The studied nanoparticles include copper oxide, titanium oxide, iron oxide, aluminum oxide, and graphene oxide. The obtained results show that for all of the current nanoparticles, rise in the nanoparticles volume fraction is accompanied by a decrease in the exit temperature of the collector. It is found that the highest temperature belongs to the graphene oxide nanoparticles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Evaluation of heat transfer performance of two-phase nanofluid flow in a parabolic solar collector with eccentric absorber and solid insulation
mojtaba jamiati Hossein PourmohamadianIn this study, the flow field analysis and heat transfer of two-phase nanofluid flow in a parabolic solar collector with eccentric absorber and solid insulation have been investigated. The fluid used in this collector is nanofluid of water - Aluminium. The main aim of c MoreIn this study, the flow field analysis and heat transfer of two-phase nanofluid flow in a parabolic solar collector with eccentric absorber and solid insulation have been investigated. The fluid used in this collector is nanofluid of water - Aluminium. The main aim of current study is to investigate the effect of using eccentric absorber system and solid insulation on the energy efficiency of linear parabolic collectors. For this purpose, energy efficiency has been measured and presented for different states (including ambient temperature, fluid inlet temperature, nanofluid volume fraction, nanoparticle diameter and geometric characteristics). The study is in turbulent flow regime and in order to model it, the k epsilon turbulence model has been used. In order to solve the survival equations, the finite volume method and the SIMPLE C algorithm have been used. Different optimal models are introduced in terms of having the highest energy efficiency, and the best model is determined. Based on obtained results, the highest energy efficiency in different Reynolds is related to the novel collector and two-phase model(TPM). In the next positions, respectively, are the novel collector and single-phase model(SPM), the basic collector and two-phase model, and at the end, the basic collector and single-phase model. It was also found that as the Reynolds number increases, all modes have an uptrend. The maximum amount of energy efficiency was for the novel collector and the two-phase model at Reynolds 15000, Which is equal to 68%. Also, the maximum energy efficiency for eccentricity 20 mm at Reynolds 15000, which is equal to 74.9%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Investigation of the application of nanotechnology to increase the direct absorption of solar radiation
mojtaba jamiatiThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential of solar nanofluids (liquid with dispersed nanoparticles) for direct absorption of solar radiation and steam production. At present, solar thermal energy systems suffer great losses due to heat transfer processes, t MoreThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential of solar nanofluids (liquid with dispersed nanoparticles) for direct absorption of solar radiation and steam production. At present, solar thermal energy systems suffer great losses due to heat transfer processes, therefore, the development of nanotechnology and its achievements such as various nanoparticles, has created high hopes to increase the efficiency of solar collectors through direct absorption of sunlight. In order to make optimal use of solar nanofluid systems, it is necessary to identify and study them. In this research, four different nanofluids have been synthesized, identified and evaluated. Two of them were water-based nanofluids and the other two were thermal oil-based nanofluids. Also, the optical properties of nanofluids were measured at room temperature with a spectrophotometer and compared with the base fluid. The optical properties, in addition to being measured at room temperature, have also been evaluated after heat treatment on nanofluids at high temperatures. This temperature increase is intended to recreate operating conditions for those closer to the actual applications. DLS measurements show a similar hydrodynamic average of 138 nm for the sample containing SDS and 135 nm for the sample containing SDS and PVP. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Construction and implementation of a cooling system to increase the efficiency of photovoltaic panels using the half pipe method
Ali Sharafi Ebrahim Aghajari Alireza TavakoliCooling panels using the half pipe method is one of the most important methods used to increase the efficiency of solar resources. In this article, a practical project for cooling a solar panel based on the half-pipe method has been carried out with the aim of increasin MoreCooling panels using the half pipe method is one of the most important methods used to increase the efficiency of solar resources. In this article, a practical project for cooling a solar panel based on the half-pipe method has been carried out with the aim of increasing the efficiency of solar panels. In the proposed design, the half-pipes are installed directly on the bottom surface of the panel, and the available fluid, which is water in this technique, is inside the half-pipes and in direct contact with the panel, and performs the cooling process in a spiral on the surface of the panel. Two panels have been used to compare the performance of a panel equipped with a half pipe and a panel without this system, the panels have dimensions of 150 x 180 and power of 200 watts. Three sensors have been used to measure the temperature of the panels and the environment. The results show that using the half-pipe method can reduce the temperature of the panels by about 10 degrees Celsius. In addition, the results show a 36% increase in solar panel efficiency by using the half-pipe method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Simulation of solar system performance using software (GRASSHOPPER) for energy consumption policy in housing by comparing traditional and contemporary houses in Shiraz city.
tara heidari.orojloo AFSHIN GHORBANI PARAM faramarz hassan pourToday, the limitation of fossil energy and the degeneration of the environment affected by the increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide resulting from its use and other difficulties and shortages of electricity, along with increasing energy demand, especially in MoreToday, the limitation of fossil energy and the degeneration of the environment affected by the increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide resulting from its use and other difficulties and shortages of electricity, along with increasing energy demand, especially in developing countries, are valid and necessary evidence that makes use of clean and accessible resources, such as solar energy, in abundance. Due to its location on the Earth's solar belt, Iran has a wide potential for the use of solar energy. There are ways to use solar energy and generate electricity, including CSP technology for solar thermal power plants or photovoltaic systems. In this research, using GRASSHOPPER software, we have investigated the effect of shade and other effective indicators in optimizing energy consumption by examining the condition of traditional and contemporary houses, considering the materials used in these houses in Shiraz, and the energy results for them have been evaluated and compared in different months. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Introduce a new building cooling system structure using solar energy to optimize energy conversion losses
Mohammad Kazemi Bidhendi -
Open Access Article
69 - The Effect of Number of Steps on the Performance of a Cascade Type Solar Still
Nader Rahbar فاطمه علی پناهThe purpose of this study is to simulate fluid flow in a weir-type cascade solar still, assuming steady-state and air being the ideal gas and incompressible. The commercial software FLUENT is used for numerical simulation of the process. SIMPLE algorithm is used to calc MoreThe purpose of this study is to simulate fluid flow in a weir-type cascade solar still, assuming steady-state and air being the ideal gas and incompressible. The commercial software FLUENT is used for numerical simulation of the process. SIMPLE algorithm is used to calculate the relationship between pressure and velocity. In addition, first order upwind method is applied for separation of displacement and interpolation of pressure. Numerical simulations are performed for Solar Still with four to ten and also with twelve steps. Results of investigations on a Solar Still with different number of steps, in which the height of the steps is constant value of 2 cm, show that increasing the number of steps causes to increase water production up to eight steps. Furthermore, the highest rate of water production was 232 ml/m3hr for solar still with eight steps. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - perimental Study on the Performance of a New Type Solar Air Heater with Cross-Corrugated Surface on Different Environmental Conditions
نادر رهبر محمد جوادی نیا ایزدی پژمان ظهوریان ایزدیIn This paper, the effect of using cross-corrugated surface as an absorber plate in a solar air collector was experimentally investigated. Black plate geometries of air heater was V-type, while some vertical baffles were used to conduct air flow between surfaces. With t MoreIn This paper, the effect of using cross-corrugated surface as an absorber plate in a solar air collector was experimentally investigated. Black plate geometries of air heater was V-type, while some vertical baffles were used to conduct air flow between surfaces. With these modification turbulence regime and heat transfer enhancement were achieved. A centrifugal fan was also used to produce 0.003-0.01 kg/s air flow. Moreover different position angles (30, 45 and 90 degrees) were used to evaluate the performance of the system. The results showed that with these modification the Nusselt number was 5 times greater than before. Furthermore, a new correlation was proposed which has a good accuracy in estimation of Nu number. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Numerical Study on the Effect of dimension of Steps on the Performance of a Cascade Solar Still
Nader Rahbar فاطمه علی پناهThe purpose The purpose of this study is to simulate fluid flow in a weir-type cascade solar still, assuming steady-state and air being the ideal gas and incompressible. The commercial software FLUENT is used for numerical simulation of the process. SIMPLE algorithm is MoreThe purpose The purpose of this study is to simulate fluid flow in a weir-type cascade solar still, assuming steady-state and air being the ideal gas and incompressible. The commercial software FLUENT is used for numerical simulation of the process. SIMPLE algorithm is used to calculate the relationship between pressure and velocity. In addition, first order upwind method is applied for separation of displacement and interpolation of pressure. The effective parameters on unit productivity are the distance between glass surface and water, height of solar still, the number of vortexes and convective heat transfer coefficient. Results of investigations on a Solar Still with different height of steps, indicated that the productivity increases with increasing the height of stairs. Although, it should be noted that in each model with specific number of stairs there is an upward-downward trend; in other words, there is an optimum point in each model with specific number of stairs. Also, the still in the specific model of six-stairs with the height of 3.5 cm of stairs had maximum productivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Study of the orientation of the building and the walls are made of solar water heater performance using software RETSCREEN (case study: Semnan)
sajjad zahirnezhad nader rahbarRenewable energy such as solar energy in the world of particular interest to planners and technical intellectuals, political and economic located. Iran also due to the special geographical position in the exploitation of this type of energy has great potential. But a lo MoreRenewable energy such as solar energy in the world of particular interest to planners and technical intellectuals, political and economic located. Iran also due to the special geographical position in the exploitation of this type of energy has great potential. But a lot of fossil energy resources, cheap energy in the country and also the high cost of new technology for the initial investment, a bulwark against the development of these technologies is emerging. In this paper, considering the geographical conditions in Semnan, with a floor of an office building located in the area check Azad University of Semnan, by software Carrier thermal loads in various positions, including for the different geographical position and for two types of wall building materials were calculated and an optimum of them were selected. Then RETSCREEN Software evaluated by technical, economic, environmental and analyzed. Based on the results of the optimal geographical and wall materials, the savings in natural gas 2332 m3 / year and the reduction of emissions 2.1 Ton / year Co2 is. Also, consider two scenarios internal rate and rate of natural gas to the amount of the initial investment plan of 138312550 Rial and 4618 $, the profitability of 4.2% and 23.5% and payback period of 19.9 and 6.4 years, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Development of solar air collectors for drying applications
Mohammad Mehdi Ebn Ali Ali HeydaryIn this study, three types of solar air collectors (flat plate, finned, and v-corrugated) have been experimentally investigated in order to achieve an effective design which can be appropriate for a solar dryer. The experiments have been performed according to the ASHRA MoreIn this study, three types of solar air collectors (flat plate, finned, and v-corrugated) have been experimentally investigated in order to achieve an effective design which can be appropriate for a solar dryer. The experiments have been performed according to the ASHRAE standard and under real climatic conditions of Semnan (35° 33′ N, 53° 23′ E), Iran. Over a broad range of operating and design conditions, the performance of all three collectors have been studied. Based on the results, v-corrugated collector and flat plate one found to be the most and least efficient, respectively. Moreover, the collectors have also been studied in double pass mode in order to examined the extent in efficiency improvement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Construction reviewing the performance of a solar cell samples under climatic conditions Sabzevar software scaps
reza mazinani javad baedi mahdi mazinaniModern man is facing two major problems; On the one hand, fossil fuels are running out and the other side, these fuels environmental problems such as air pollution and the greenhouse effect, making them much. Solar cell is the best choice to replace fossil fuels. In thi MoreModern man is facing two major problems; On the one hand, fossil fuels are running out and the other side, these fuels environmental problems such as air pollution and the greenhouse effect, making them much. Solar cell is the best choice to replace fossil fuels. In this study, using the software scaps Initial simulation for solar cells has been considered. The investigation revealed that for best performance, Should be as thin with a thickness of 4 µm tin And zinc oxide used as window that if we can keep constant temperature of the solar cell at 300 K have the highest efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Review of research in Exergy analysis and energy of solar water desalination
غلامرضا خسروی هادی کارگر شریف آبادIn this paper disburse exergy analyse and energy analyse per use from the exiting model at some of solar stills and mechanism of on solar still constituent glass cover,collector(absorber sun energy),inlet brine water and sump survey by exergy analysis. also exerjy and e MoreIn this paper disburse exergy analyse and energy analyse per use from the exiting model at some of solar stills and mechanism of on solar still constituent glass cover,collector(absorber sun energy),inlet brine water and sump survey by exergy analysis. also exerjy and energy balance reffered from the other parts of solar still. And express dominant relations.also styles improvement efficiency at other parameters at solar stills by sevral styles taken from exergy and enerjy described and results will represent. Finally we will try with a short comparsion recognized ineffective portion in the solar stills and explain ways to improve efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - The study of the Mobility of charge carriers in Gallium Arsenide semiconductor doped with Cr and Co used in solar cell of space shuttles
hassan khaleghiGaAs is a binary III-V compound semiconductor in the periodic table. Having a direct energy gap of 1.42 eV at room temperature, GaAs is one of the widely used semiconductors in the technology and creation of solid state electronic devices such as solar cells. From this MoreGaAs is a binary III-V compound semiconductor in the periodic table. Having a direct energy gap of 1.42 eV at room temperature, GaAs is one of the widely used semiconductors in the technology and creation of solid state electronic devices such as solar cells. From this view point, study of the electronic properties of GaAs single crystals is of prime importance. In this experimental work, transport properties of two kinds of p-type GaAs samples each doped with Cr and Co have been studied in the wide temperature range (100-400) K. Apart from temperature dependency of mobility of charge carriers also different predominant scattering mechanisms occurring in these crystals have been given. Analysis of the temperature dependency of mobility, shows that, two kinds of scattering mechanisms namely, ionic and lattice scatterings are the dominant mechanisms at low and high temperatures, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - The Electrical Conductivity of charge carriers in Gallium Arsenide semiconductor doped with Cr and Co used in solar cell and optical fiber detectors
hassan khaleghiGallium arsenide is a compound of the elements gallium and arsenic. It is a III-V direct band gap semiconductor with a zinc blende crystal structure. GaAs is used in the manufacture of devices such as microwave frequency integrated circuits, monolithic microwave integra MoreGallium arsenide is a compound of the elements gallium and arsenic. It is a III-V direct band gap semiconductor with a zinc blende crystal structure. GaAs is used in the manufacture of devices such as microwave frequency integrated circuits, monolithic microwave integrated circuits, infrared light-emitting diodes, laser diodes, solar cells and optical windows. GaAs is often used as a substrate material for the epitaxial growth of other III-V semiconductors including: Indium gallium arsenide, aluminum gallium arsenide and others. From this view point, study of the electronic properties of GaAs single crystals is of prime importance. In this experimental work, electrical conductivity of two kinds of p-type GaAs samples each doped with Cr and Co have been studied in the wide temperature range (100-400) K. Apart from temperature dependency of mobility of charge carriers also different predominant scattering mechanisms occurring in these crystals have been given. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Experimental and numerical analysis of the impact of the size and location of Trombe wall dampers by phase-change material
Abdollah Khalesi Doost mohammad amin khani ahad Abedini EsfahlaniSince more than one-third of the world's energy consumption is in building part, green buildings and sustainable architecture are new ways to cope with the environment and reduce energy consumption in their buildings. The use of Trombe wall in residential, commercial an MoreSince more than one-third of the world's energy consumption is in building part, green buildings and sustainable architecture are new ways to cope with the environment and reduce energy consumption in their buildings. The use of Trombe wall in residential, commercial and official buildings has been reduced energy consumption and solar energy storage with phase change materials will double this effect. This has caused a paradigm shift towards green building design, and ultimately the environment will be less polluting. Therefore, in this study, the effect of natural Convection on performance has been investigated on Trombe wall with phase-change material by change of size and location of incoming and outgoing air intake dampers. This research has been conducted experimentally and numerically. َAfter construction of Trombe wall with phase-change material and empirical data collection, physical conditions are simulated in FLUENT software and experimental results have been compared with numerical solutions. The results show resized Trombe wall dampers; have been increased outlet air temperature by 16 percent. The location change of dampers at the horizontal line does not increase the effect of output air temperature. 2 percent difference between the numerical results with experimental data represents the careful work and analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Experimental Study of solar desalination with increased evaporation and condensation system
غلامرضا خسروی Hadi Kargar SharifabadDue to the limited fresh water sources and reduce the increasing these resource In recent years a lot of attention to the use of solar desalination for water desalination is available In this paper, a desalination using collector, heat pipe, solar panels and natural ven MoreDue to the limited fresh water sources and reduce the increasing these resource In recent years a lot of attention to the use of solar desalination for water desalination is available In this paper, a desalination using collector, heat pipe, solar panels and natural ventilation design and built. To increase the efficiency of desalination has used various means Such as pre-heat the water in the collector by heat pipes and water circulation pump and the use of natural ventilation to reduce the pressure of the fluid level To lower the temperature of the water evaporates As well as the use of natural ventilation for cooling water in the steam distillation available on this route After designing and constructing this system, all data were recorded on weather conditions of Semnan And at the end performance of the device in different scenarios were compared. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - A review of numerical studies on solar stills to determine the effective parameters on heat and mass transfer and efficiency
Ali Heydari Pedram AliakbariIn recent years, due to population growth and the reduction of water resources, the human has forced to sweeten brackish water. While this work takes energy and high costs. Thus, the scientists studied a lot about solar desalination and the factors influencing them. In MoreIn recent years, due to population growth and the reduction of water resources, the human has forced to sweeten brackish water. While this work takes energy and high costs. Thus, the scientists studied a lot about solar desalination and the factors influencing them. In this study, we tried to have a review on the literature of numerical simulation of solar desalination systems with Assumptions: laminar natural convection, heat and mass transfer using finite volume method which presented by researchers who have been working in this field. This research is prepared for researchers who interested in this subject or those who intend to get acquainted of solar desalination systems, to have an appropriate reference for specialized study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - An Experimental Investigation on performance of MWCNT-water nanofluid in a flat plate solar water heater under natural and forced circulations
kourosh hasanzade Amid KhosrowdadNowadays, in order to heating water in low-temperature residential applications, flat plate solar water heater is widely used. In this paper, we aim to discuss the thermal performance of MWCNT-water nanofluid in a flat plate solar water heater. The nanofluid has been pr MoreNowadays, in order to heating water in low-temperature residential applications, flat plate solar water heater is widely used. In this paper, we aim to discuss the thermal performance of MWCNT-water nanofluid in a flat plate solar water heater. The nanofluid has been prepared in solid volume fraction of 0.05% and its thermal performance has been experimentally investigated. In order to make a dispersed and stable nanofluid, Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate surfactant has been used. The results showed that using the nanofluid has a considerable effect on improvement of the performance of the flat plate solar water heater. Furthermore, the increase of the system’s performance under natural circulation is much higher than that of forced circulation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Construction and Experimental Investigation of local cooling to improve the efficiency of solar desalination
مهدی آریافر Hadi Kargar SharifabadDue to the favorable properties of wide regions of the world and has developed a shortage of fresh water in dry areas that already face large-scale development has occurred Such as parts of North Africa and the Middle East, to produce fresh water by desalination to need MoreDue to the favorable properties of wide regions of the world and has developed a shortage of fresh water in dry areas that already face large-scale development has occurred Such as parts of North Africa and the Middle East, to produce fresh water by desalination to need a lot of energy and a lot of research studies for the development of solar desalination is being done by solar energy With the aim of identifying key technical challenges and potential opportunities for solar energy, A variety of technologies for the optimum amount of solar energy as well as various technologies for solar desalination system includes advanced technique for restoring energy is studied we conclude that the development of solar desalination system for cost-effective and energy-efficient in the near future may be grounds for water supply desert regions of the world. The effects of water cooling with two modes: simple desalination (passive) by installing cooling and desalination of water (active) examined and compared in terms of daily production has been tested. Tests in August (August) in geographical coordinates (N:35°34′,E:53°22′) carried on the basis of the results observed maximum production rate freshwater disabled 0.26 (kg / m2) per hour. Moreover, the daily output disable mode of 1.035 (kg / m2.day) daily 1.530 (kg / m2) reached in active mode. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Construction and Experimental Investigation of heat pipe and water cooling application to improve the efficiency of solar desalination
Hadi Kargar Sharifabad مهدی آریافرHealthy and fresh water supply is one of the fundamental issues in different regions of the world, particularly in remote areas is dry. There are several methods for desalination of brackish waters, of which solar distillation devices can be the perfect solution for spa MoreHealthy and fresh water supply is one of the fundamental issues in different regions of the world, particularly in remote areas is dry. There are several methods for desalination of brackish waters, of which solar distillation devices can be the perfect solution for sparsely populated areas that are of sufficient intensity solar radiation. In this study, we have tried to express the necessity of providing safe drinking water, the fundamentals of performance of solar desalination dealt with the resources available. In the present study the effect of water cooling with two modes: Desalination with heat pipe and manifold (semi-active) and desalination to cooling water and heat Vlvlhhay manifold (active mode) are tested daily production was investigated. Tests in August (September) in geographical coordinates(N:35°34′,E:53°22′)is conducted. Based on the results observed The maximum rate of production of fresh water in active mode 0.43(kg / m2) per hour. As well as the daily yield semi-active mode from 1.87 (kg / m2.day) daily 2.085(kg / m2) reached in active mode. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Literature Review carried out in the field of solar Air heater
Ali Heydari mikaeel ForatiTo reduce energy sources, efforts are underway to optimize thermal processes around the world. Solar energy as an important source of renewable energy on Earth, with simple technology cause reduction in air pollution and saving the environment with less fossil fuels con MoreTo reduce energy sources, efforts are underway to optimize thermal processes around the world. Solar energy as an important source of renewable energy on Earth, with simple technology cause reduction in air pollution and saving the environment with less fossil fuels consumption for the future. One application of the solar energy is solar air heaters which different design is done for different application. To ensure the performance of energy systems, analysis of first and second laws of thermodynamics can be more useful to analyze processes undertaken within the system. Exergy is considered as a key concept and it is a fundamental concept of accessible energy. Solar air heaters can be based on its performance cycle was divided into two categories: active and passive. In passive systems mainly based on the difference in specific gravity of air, naturally flow of warm and cold air is formed. But in activated systems a forced convective air flow is derived with external component like fan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Effectiveness Evaluation of Trombe Wall for Optimum Pattern of Building Heating System at Shiraz
سیدحسین هاشمی آرش نجفی سیدمحسن حسینیSolar energy is a valuable and available renewable energy and its charge of technology has not great. Fossil fuels consumption grows in building heating systems and it is better to manage it with practical new engineering systems similar Trombe wall that can be reduced MoreSolar energy is a valuable and available renewable energy and its charge of technology has not great. Fossil fuels consumption grows in building heating systems and it is better to manage it with practical new engineering systems similar Trombe wall that can be reduced energy consumption at winter. A major component used in Trombe wall technology, thermal storage system materials and glass and Despite the heat transfer patterns in Trmb wall system will occur. Glass is ideal for this system, should have unique features such as high strength and high thermal stability. However wall storage used to store solar thermal energy should be the maximum.. In this research, effectiveness evaluation of this system at Shiraz is studied. Results show this technology is advantageous and successful for Shiraz and offers the optimum energy system pattern. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Effect of porous layer on the efficiency of a single slope solar still-Experimental investigation
Nader Rahbar Ali Khosh AhangIn this research, the effect of porous layer on the efficiency of a single slope solar still is studied, experimentally. Accordingly, two single slope solar stills with same sizes containing conventional and modified by using porous layer are fabricated and tested, simul MoreIn this research, the effect of porous layer on the efficiency of a single slope solar still is studied, experimentally. Accordingly, two single slope solar stills with same sizes containing conventional and modified by using porous layer are fabricated and tested, simultaneously. Black sponge rubber with low heat capacity and wick characteristic is selected as porous material. All experiments were performed in Semnan with geographical coordinates of 35° 33' N, 53° 23' E, Iran. Results showed that daily total water productions enhance by using sponge in solar still. Daily total water productions are 3263 and 3829 cc/m2 for conventional and modified stills, respectively. Accordingly, modified still produces 17.35% more distilled water in comparison with conventional one during one day. There is a direct relationship between trends of daily efficiencies of stills and trends of surrounding temperature or solar radiation intensity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - A literature review on the effect of using porous materials and Nanoparticles on improving of the performance of solar stills
Nader Rahbar Ali Khosh AhangDrinking water scarcity has become one of the main challenges of human societies in recent years. Most of the water resources are stored as the non-drinkable saline water or are frozen in the poles. Therefore, they cannot be used directly for drinking. This issue indica MoreDrinking water scarcity has become one of the main challenges of human societies in recent years. Most of the water resources are stored as the non-drinkable saline water or are frozen in the poles. Therefore, they cannot be used directly for drinking. This issue indicates the importance of using appropriate techniques for water purification. One of these techniques is the usage of solar stills that can be used in remote tropical areas. The simple structure, low cost of manufacturing, and the usage of solar energy as a clean source is some benefits of this kind of equipment. The main problem of solar stills is their low efficiency. The researchers in this field used many active and passive methods to increase the efficiency of this device. In this research, two passive techniques used for enhancing the efficiency of solar stills containing usage of porous materials and nanoparticles are reviewed. The results of the research in these fields are briefly presented. Finally, based on the literature review, some suggestions for future works are provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Construction and simulation of solar energy recovery system with thermoelectric technology
ISLAMIC AZAD UNIVERSITY saemian Nader RahbarThis research presents a solar energy recovery system consisting of three main parts including a thermoelectric generator, a convex lens, and a thermal heatsink. The most important feature of the proposed recycling system is its simple structure and design, without comp MoreThis research presents a solar energy recovery system consisting of three main parts including a thermoelectric generator, a convex lens, and a thermal heatsink. The most important feature of the proposed recycling system is its simple structure and design, without complexity and reasonable price. In the design of the recycling system, one side of the thermoelectric is hotted by solar energy, and the other side of the thermoelectric is cooled by the heatsink which is exposed to river water. The temperature gradient is created on both sides of the thermoelectric, which recycles solar energy, resulting in voltage and electrical power. To evaluate the proposed system for solar energy recovery, after its construction, all data and effective parameters on both sides of the thermoelectric generator during the test are recorded every ten minutes, and then the recycling system and information recorded in the engineering equation solver software as codes. Based on the experimental tests, the maximum output voltage of the recycling circuit at a temperature difference of 25 ° C is reported to be 229 mV. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Effects of rotational flow on energy efficiency of a novel parabolic through solar collector equipped with elliptical ribbed absorber tube filled with non-Newtonian two-phase nanofluid
mojtaba jamiatiThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of using an elliptical absorber system with helical ribbed tube on the energy efficiency of linear parabolic collectors. For this purpose, energy efficiency has been measured and presented for different modes, MoreThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of using an elliptical absorber system with helical ribbed tube on the energy efficiency of linear parabolic collectors. For this purpose, energy efficiency has been measured and presented for different modes, and finally different optimal models are introduced in terms of having the highest energy efficiency, and finally the best model is determined. Based on the obtained results, the highest energy efficiency in different Reynolds is related to the new collector and single-phase model. According to the results of this dissertation, the use of grooved pipe has an effect on increasing the efficiency of the collector. As the number of grooves increases from 1 to 3, the collector efficiency increases. It was also found that the collector efficiency increases with increasing step and slope amplitude. by increasing the groove angle from 10 ° to 50 °, the collector efficiency increases and the maximum value of η is obtained at ° ξ = 60. However, by increasing the groove angle from 50 ° to 60 °, the collector efficiency decreases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - The effects of using two compound twisted tapes to enhance the performance of a parabolic trough solar collector
mojtaba jamiati Hossein PourmohamadianIn this study, the effect of spinning tape on the thermal hydraulic performance of water-hybrid water-hybrid carbon nanotubes-aluminum oxide inside a linear parabolic solar collector has been investigated numerically. The study is in turbulent flow regime and in order t MoreIn this study, the effect of spinning tape on the thermal hydraulic performance of water-hybrid water-hybrid carbon nanotubes-aluminum oxide inside a linear parabolic solar collector has been investigated numerically. The study is in turbulent flow regime and in order to model it, the k epsilon turbulence model has been used. In order to solve the survival equations, the finite volume method and the SIMPLE C algorithm have been used. The study was performed to investigate the hydraulic and thermal performance of the parabolic solar collector equipped with 1, 2 and 3 twisted strips. Also, the results obtained from the simulation of a linear parabolic solar collector with a radiant strip are compared with when the solar collector is simple (without a radiant strip). Different concentrations of nanoparticles (1 to 3% by volume) were used for Reynolds numbers from 3000 to 18000. The obtained results are presented in the form of Nusselt dimensionless number diagrams, pressure drop and thermal hydraulic performance evaluation criteria(PEC). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Thermal and hydraulic analysis of a novel p double fluid parabolic through solar collector equipped with corrugated tube and insulator roof
mojtaba jamiatiThe present study investigates a double-fluid volumetric based parabolic trough solar receiver. The control volume approach is used to solve the system of classical single phase governing equations by using the finite volume method. The standard k–ε turbul MoreThe present study investigates a double-fluid volumetric based parabolic trough solar receiver. The control volume approach is used to solve the system of classical single phase governing equations by using the finite volume method. The standard k–ε turbulence model with enhanced wall function is selected. According to obtained results, the value of efficiency of Conventional-Parabolic-Through-Solar-Collectors (CPTSCs) and Novel-Parabolic-Through-Solar-Collectors (NPTSCs) reduces by increasing of inlet temperature of base fluid and therefore, there is an optimum inlet temperature for all configurations and it is equal to 40°C. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Optimal Solar Power Station Site Selection Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in Iran
Pedram Ahadi Farbod Fakhrabadi Alireza Pourshaghaghi Farshad KowsariA vast country with a mean solar irradiance of 4.5 kilowatts per square meter, Iran enjoys very high potentials for establishment and utilization of solar systems and, in particular, production of electrical energy from solar power stations. The present study was conduc MoreA vast country with a mean solar irradiance of 4.5 kilowatts per square meter, Iran enjoys very high potentials for establishment and utilization of solar systems and, in particular, production of electrical energy from solar power stations. The present study was conducted for Optimal Solar Power Station Site Selection Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in Iran, and the Expert Choice software. AHP is one of the most widespread multi-criteria decision-making tools. The research considered criteria and sub-criteria such as the amount of radiation, number of sunny days, mean temperature, air humidity, precipitation, amount of dust and pollution, and cloudiness factor. For obtaining the optimal location using the AHP method, implemented in Expert Choice, pairwise comparison is made between the sets for weighting after the hierarchical levels, including the goal, criteria, sub-criteria, and alternatives (intended locations), are specified. As the sets are weighted, the compatibility of judgments is analyzed, which must be less than 0.1. The capitals of the provinces of Iran were considered in the research. From among the thirty-one locations in the examined region, the city of Zahedan was selected as the best location for establishment of solar power stations, and the other alternatives were assigned the next priorities given their weights. Moreover, sensitivity analysis was made on the major criteria, and the impact of parameter weight on the alternatives was assessed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Optimum Technical Design of a Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System Solar Power Plant in Iran (Case study: Qazvin city)
Pedram Ahadi Farbod Fakhrabadi Alireza Pourshaghaghi Farshad KowsariThe purpose of this research is to determine the amount of equipment used in the design of the photovoltaic solar power plant with a capacity of 200 kW. In this research conducted by PVsyst software, 500 w MonoTrina solar panel with 400 pieces, 25kw Growatt MID KTL3-X i MoreThe purpose of this research is to determine the amount of equipment used in the design of the photovoltaic solar power plant with a capacity of 200 kW. In this research conducted by PVsyst software, 500 w MonoTrina solar panel with 400 pieces, 25kw Growatt MID KTL3-X inverter with 8 pieces, which are arranged in 40 rows and 10 panels in each row. The optimal panel installation angle was 35 Degree °and the optimal azimuth angle was 0 Degree (case study: Qazvin city). According to the considered space and the designs made, including the percentage of permissible losses in cable calculations, the length and cross-sectional area of the DC side cable made of copper and aluminum are 800 meters, 16 and 25 mm square respectively, the length and cross-sectional area . AC side cable made of copper and aluminum is determined to be 100 meters, 16 and 25 mm square, respectively. The amount of total annual production energy of the desired point was determined by considering the losses, which was about 337.1 megawatt hours per year. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Designing and development of a solar radiation system for atmospheric correction of satellite images
حسن حسنی مقدم Omid Coupanian Abbas Bashri Hamid Reza KhodadadiApplying atmospheric corrections in order to reduce the attenuation effects of the atmosphere on the quality and accuracy of the recorded data, requires a comprehensive knowledge of the conditions, characteristics, and behavior of the atmosphere as the sensor passes thr MoreApplying atmospheric corrections in order to reduce the attenuation effects of the atmosphere on the quality and accuracy of the recorded data, requires a comprehensive knowledge of the conditions, characteristics, and behavior of the atmosphere as the sensor passes through the target coordinates. Nowadays, many equipment's, models and algorithms are used to study the components of the atmosphere. For this reason, in this research, a native solar radiation system was designed and built to calculate the optical depth of air aerosol. In order to simulate and investigate the effects of changes in each atmospheric component, the MODTRAN model was used in PCModWin environment. In this electro-optical system, at two wavelengths of 450 and 550 nm, due to the absorption range of the air aerosol, in two different days in terms of the amount of pollutants in the atmosphere, intense data were recorded. In order to ensure the uniformity and linearity of the response of the designed electro-optical system to measure changes in the intensity of sunlight, radiometric calibration of this system was performed. Using atmospheric models, from the recorded intensity data, the optical depth of the weather and the horizontal atmospheric metrics were calculated. In order to verify and evaluate the performance of the designed system, optical depth data obtained from MODIS (Aqua) sensor and horizontal exponential data of Mehrabad Airport meteorological station were used. The results of the accuracy evaluation showed that the calculation of the optical depth by the system designed and the MODIS sensor (Aqua) both shows a number of 0.5 in the passing hour of the satellite. The results also show a good correlation between the horizontal visibility calculated in this study and the data obtained from the reference meteorological station. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Design and analysis of hybrid systems solar, wind, osmotic for green plants using ant colony optimization algorithm
mohsen rasinezam hossein shayeghi -
Open Access Article
96 - Economic (Cost-Benefit) Analysis of Power Generation from Commercial Reinforced Concrete Solar Chimney Power Plant Built in the Desert Regions of Iran
Farhad Saleki Baghban Hosein Nasir Aghdam -
Open Access Article
97 - Raising Power Quality and Improving Reliability by Distribution Network Reconfiguration in the Presence of Renewable Energy Sources
Mohamad Taghi Babajani BaghmisheZad Hosein NasirAghdam -
Open Access Article
98 - The Novel Control Method for Photovoltaic Converter to the National Grid
ParisaAlipour Alipour MahdiSalimi Salimi -
Open Access Article
99 - Optimization Planning Model for Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reduction Via Renewable Energy Switch in a Coal Power Station
S. Siti Hafshar A. Johari H. Hashim Saeed Ahmed -
Open Access Article
100 - Possibility of establishing the solar panels in the East Azerbaijan province With assessment Incoming radiation and climate parameters
Shahram Roostaei Mojtaba Pirnazar Arash Zandkarimi Bakhtiar Feizizadeh Neda MoosaviThe present study focused on feasibility assessment of establishing solar panels sites within the East Azerbaijan. The research’s methodology was established based on GIS spatial decision making systems. It should be mentioned that decreasing nonrenewable sources' MoreThe present study focused on feasibility assessment of establishing solar panels sites within the East Azerbaijan. The research’s methodology was established based on GIS spatial decision making systems. It should be mentioned that decreasing nonrenewable sources' process has been considered as one of the serious challenges. Thus, using solar energy is a solution to deal with this challenge. The high topoclimatic and physical properties of the East Azerbaijan tends to establish solar panels for producing electricity. In order to evaluate the possibility of establishing solar systems, within this research we aim to apply GIS-multi criteria decision making models for integrating the data and selecting to potential sites for solar panels. To achieve this, the prior options from different options of analyses network model (ANP) was applied for analyzing the criteria. As part of methodology, the Landsat satellite was used for extracting land use/cover. The SRTM dataset also employed for exploring the elevation, slope, aspect and solar shining. The climate dataset were used for monitoring climatological parameters such as raining, temperature, humidity, number of dusty days, number of cloudy days and sunny hours within the period of 1986 to 2014. Finally the solar panel suitability maps achieved by compounding the informative layers and multiplying those criteria were accessed from executing the model. The results indicated that 48.61% of the study area has very high suitability for solar panels programs. While the northern parts of East Azerbaijan province includes very low potentiality for producing solar based energy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Band-Gap Tuning Of Electron Beam Evaporated Cds Thin Films
Mohamad Javad Eshraghi Nima Naderi -
Open Access Article
102 - Comparsion Of Experimental, Regression Models and Artificial Neure Network in Estimating Net Radiation (Rs) In Synoptic Station of Zahedan
Parisa kahkhamoghadam mohammad mahdi chariSolar radiation is one of the key inputs for most hydrological models in estimating reference evapotranspiration. Furthermore providing and making the measurement tools for this parameter is very costly. In this research, ridation (Rs ) of zahedan meteological station i MoreSolar radiation is one of the key inputs for most hydrological models in estimating reference evapotranspiration. Furthermore providing and making the measurement tools for this parameter is very costly. In this research, ridation (Rs ) of zahedan meteological station in 1385 to 1389 were used. Some non- linear models such as neure systemwith algorithm BFGS, and neure system with conjugate Gradient training algorithms, and locallinear regression through gamma test were developed. Then , these non- linear models and two expereimental model including Angstrom - Prescott and Glory Mac Kalut were assessed for predicting radiation. For predicting none- linear method, maximum temperature parameters, average speed of wind, surface radiation, and Sunshine were used. Result of comparing measured amounts with models with measured amount by parameter show that the neure system with BFGS algorithm has RMSE= 1.95 , MAE= 1.47 and R2=93% which are the best operation in these models. After that, neure system model with conjugate Gradient training algorithms and local regression model are in secand rank in which RMSE, MAE and R2 are 2.53 , 1.77 , 88% and 2.89 , 1.89 , 82% respectively. Angstrom and MAC colt method have RNSE = 4.38 , MAE=3.21 , R2=33% and RMSE= 4.46, MAE= 3.07, R2=50% respectivety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Feasibility of Economic and Environmental Study of Tehran Residential Building's Hot Water Supply Using Solar Energy
Hossein Yousefi Soheil Roumi Younes NoorollahiIn this study, inflation and time value has been taken into account for the economic investigation of the period of return on investment in replacing natural gas water heaters in Tehran residential buildings. First, the economic analysis was calculated considering all r MoreIn this study, inflation and time value has been taken into account for the economic investigation of the period of return on investment in replacing natural gas water heaters in Tehran residential buildings. First, the economic analysis was calculated considering all replacing cost by the residents. Second, the calculation was done if the government through the Ministry of Energy pays for all replacing cost. After reviewing various strategic of replacing natural gas boilers with solar water heaters considering the importance of economic and environmental subjects, replacing by citizens because of the financial problems and a long period of return on investment (11.2 years) is impossible. On the other hand, due to reduction of air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, especially CO2 which is calculated around 2.7 million ton per year, and the country's ability to exporting natural gas to neighboring countries, the strategy of subsidize of replacing by the Ministry of Energy has a return on investment (around 2 years) is much more reasonable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Determining the Best Orientation for Buildings in Zanjan City Based on Solar Radiation
hasan Akbari Faramarz Hadavi Mehdi zamani usef alipourIn recent years, high consumption of energy has become one of the major problems of world especially in big cities. One of the solution given for this situation is using solar energy as much as possible. If buildings are constructed in accordance with solar radiation an MoreIn recent years, high consumption of energy has become one of the major problems of world especially in big cities. One of the solution given for this situation is using solar energy as much as possible. If buildings are constructed in accordance with solar radiation and the region climate, they can absorb the lowest energy in hot and the most energy in cold period; then there will be noticeable saving in energy consumption. Since Zanjan has special location, the buildings’ orientation should be in a way that in cold period the most and in hot period the lowest energy hit the building. In this research, for the most efficient use of solar energy in Zanjan, the case study, first the climate information collected from Zanjan Synoptic Center for a period of 40 years, then, the data processed by Q-BASIC and EXCEL soft wares. And finally the best orientation for buildings in this city has been determined. According to the research results the best orientation for buildings are 135 degree and 225 degree of Azimuth angle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - The development of sustainable energy with the optimal site selection for solar power plants ( Case Study: Mazandaran province)
Reza LahmianThe use of sustainable energy, especially solar energy can be the best option for energy supply. The first step is to develop the use of solar energy and then locate potential survey areas where other plants have the situation is. Mazandaran province has the potential t MoreThe use of sustainable energy, especially solar energy can be the best option for energy supply. The first step is to develop the use of solar energy and then locate potential survey areas where other plants have the situation is. Mazandaran province has the potential to exploit solar energy. In this study, the criteria of sunshine, slope, distance from populated areas, away from roads, away from power lines, land use and limitations layer criteria is intended to locate the plant. In this study, the criteria of sunshine, slope, distance from populated areas, away from roads, away from power lines, land use and limitations layer criteria is intended to locate the plant. In general, finding the right place or places great importance in every field so that the whole range of research has focused on, The most important GIS is largely achievable. Methods This cross-sectional study to examine the issue of the Geographic Information System (GIS) and analytical network process (ANP) has been used. ANP is a multi-criteria decision-making techniques in a series of compensatory models will be, and All interactions and relationships between levels of decision-making at the network structure can be used in, But since less network analysis to determine the final priority options are used to more sophisticated methods such as TOPSIS technique was used. After taking the required layers and reclassification, possible locations in the study area was determined. In order to evaluate the result of three main factors topsis population, proximity to transmission lines and close to the examined. The evaluation indicated that TOPSIS high compliance with the above three criteria are ideal options. Finally, it was found that about 4771/960 square kilometers of area of the province, there is the possibility to construct solar power plants.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Locating Sustainable Energy Power Plant through TOPSIS Decision Making Procedure
Ahmad nouhehgar Mohammad kamangar Peyman Karami Behrooz AhmadiDoostEnvironmental pollution and the price volatility of fossil energy sources that are used in power plants made us turn to alternative energy source. The use of sustainable energy, especially solar energy, can be the best option for power supply in power generation plants. MoreEnvironmental pollution and the price volatility of fossil energy sources that are used in power plants made us turn to alternative energy source. The use of sustainable energy, especially solar energy, can be the best option for power supply in power generation plants. Suitable site for the construction of power plants due to the location impact on the amount and cost of energy production and transport is essential. Hormozgan Province's population and industrial growth has started moving astonishingly. This province has a great potential to exploit the plants converting solar energy into electrical energy. The criteria used in previous research to locate the radiation was distance from road and slope of the ground; while, in this study the sundial measures, the slope away from populated areas, distance from roads, distance from transmission lines, land use and limitations layer criteria for locating the plant are considered. The decision rule via TOPSIS is used. Based on this method 18584443816 square kilometer of land area of province was recognized very suitable class to build a solar power plant. The results of this method were evaluated using ground control. This implied fulfilling all the selection criteria at a quite appropriate and satisfactory levels and ended up with areas of most appropriate for establishing and developing power plant projects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Synthesis of TiO2 nanorods with a microwave assisted solvothermal method and their application as dye-sensitized solar cells
Hossein Rezvani Nikabadi Saeed Khosroababdi -
Open Access Article
108 - Synthesis of TiO2 nanorods with a microwave assisted solvothermal method and their application as dye-sensitized solar cells
Hossein Rezvani Nikabadi Saeed Khosroababdi -
Open Access Article
109 - Synthesis and characterization of Ag-doped TiO2 nanostructure and investigation of its application as dye-sensitized solar cell
Bibi Rahnejat -
Open Access Article
110 - Optimization of Stand-alone Hybrid PV/Wind/Fuel-Cell System Considering Reliability Indices Using Cuckoo Optimization and Firefly Algorithm
Mehdi Rezaei محمود قنبری -
Open Access Article
111 - Thermoeconomic Analysis of a Steam Rankine Cycle Integrated with Parabolic Trough Solar Collectors
Seyyed Masoud Seyyedi -
Open Access Article
112 - Feasibility Study of 23 kW Photovoltaic Power Plant Connected to the Grid in Haftkol City
Pouyan Ghanbari -
Open Access Article
113 - Feasibility Study of Solar Water Heater System and Ambient Heating for the Laboratory Complex of Ahvaz Branch of Islamic Azad University with Valentin T*SOL Software
Pouyan Ghanbari -
Open Access Article
114 - A Review on the Photovoltaic Panels: Applications, Modeling and Economic Evaluation with Focusing on the Phase Change Material Cooling Method
Seyyed Masoud Seyyedi -
Open Access Article
115 - Design and Implementation of an Optimal PV Refrigeration System in the Smart Grid Considering Multi-objective Optimization
Rasool Javizadegan Mehdi MahdavianToday, optimization in power systems is an unavoidable necessity. Energy intensity reduction in electrical devices and enhancement of their efficiency and performance, electricity loss reduction and voltage profile improvement of the power grid are some instances of opt MoreToday, optimization in power systems is an unavoidable necessity. Energy intensity reduction in electrical devices and enhancement of their efficiency and performance, electricity loss reduction and voltage profile improvement of the power grid are some instances of optimization usage in power systems. Refrigerated systems, such as refrigerators, can, in addition to exploiting PV systems in a power grid, be part of the supply and demand of electrical energy, so that they store energy as energy and, in the necessary conditions, allow Energy to injecting into the power grid by a photovoltaic system. In this paper, the design and construction of a photovoltaic refrigeration system connected to the network and its optimal performance is discussed. The objective cost and refrigerating temperature functions are considered as two main goals and the final answer is chosen by using the non-dominated sorting genetic optimization algorithm and then using the weighted sum model method. The simulation results with MATLAB software as well as the results of implementing the proposed system's hardware system in the project verify both the performance and the optimal performance of the proposed system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Increased Light Absorption in CIGS Solar Cells with Plasmonic Ag Nanostructures to Increase Efficiency
Seyed Mohammad Sadegh Hsheminassab Mohsen Imanieh Abbas Kamali Seyyed ali Emamghorashi Saeed HassanhasseiniRecently, environmental problems on a global scale has been increased seriously. To overcome these problems, Solar cells is important as an energy source and free from contamination. Due to the increasing use of renewables, the use of solar cells for obtaining energy is MoreRecently, environmental problems on a global scale has been increased seriously. To overcome these problems, Solar cells is important as an energy source and free from contamination. Due to the increasing use of renewables, the use of solar cells for obtaining energy is growing. The cells convert directly sunlight into electricity by the photovoltaic. Photovoltaic energy research and development is generally done in two areas: cost reduction and increasing efficiency. The efficiency of thin film solar cells canbe increased considerably by coupling the solarcells with plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs). this study investigates, through meticuloussimulations, the effects of plasmonic nanoparticle shapes and size on theimprovement of the energy conversion efficiency of CIGS solar cells. Two different shapes including spheres and cylinders were analyzed in this study.It was revealed that the cylindrical Agnanoparticles, of diameter 50 nm, height 125 nm place on an array with period 215 nm exhibited the most substantialenhancement in the optical absorption and electrical currentgeneration. The conclusion attained in this paper has been made throughoptical and electricalanalysis as well as near field imaging studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Investigation of Using Anti-Reflecting Coatings in CZTS Solar Cells to Enhance the Light Absorption: Optimization by FDTD Method
Mina Mirzaei Javas Hasanzadeh Ali Abdolahzadeh Ziabari Mehdi MirzaeiIn the few past years, Solar cells based on Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) are very promising thin-film solar cells due to their appropriate absorption coefficient and optical band gap, low-cost, non-radioactive and environmental friendly behavior. However, CZTS devices show poor eff MoreIn the few past years, Solar cells based on Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) are very promising thin-film solar cells due to their appropriate absorption coefficient and optical band gap, low-cost, non-radioactive and environmental friendly behavior. However, CZTS devices show poor efficiency and identifying deficiencies and making improvements is necessary. In the present study, various anti-reflection coatings at the top surface of the solar cell were proposed. Minimization of the reflectance is carried out to optimize the thickness of ARC layers using Lumerical software. The density of the short-circuit photocurrent increases from 18.4 mA.cm−2 for solar cells without an antireflection coating to 36 mA.cm−2 for those with MgF2 layer coating. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Improving the Performance of Cadmium Telluride-Based Solar Cells Using ZnCdS/NiO and ZnO Compounds for ETL/HTL and TCO Layers
Ebrahim Amoupour Javad Hasanzadeh Ali Abdolahzadeh Ziabari Peyman AzimiCadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cell is known for its high efficiency, low cost and high stability. In this paper, simulation of CdTe based solar cell (ZnO/ZnCdS/CdTe/NiO/Al) has been presented. ZnCdS, NiO and ZnO layers have been used as electron/hole transport layer (E MoreCadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cell is known for its high efficiency, low cost and high stability. In this paper, simulation of CdTe based solar cell (ZnO/ZnCdS/CdTe/NiO/Al) has been presented. ZnCdS, NiO and ZnO layers have been used as electron/hole transport layer (ETL/HTL) and transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer, respectively. SCAPS-1D simulation software was used to evaluate the performance of the modelled multijunction CdTe solar cell. This software is capable of analyzing the efficiency with different parameters of cadmium telluride solar cell. The impact of thickness, carrier concentration, defect density of the CdTe, and ZnCdS/ CdTe interface defect density on the solar cell performance was also investigated. The optimized solar cell demonstrated a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.3 % with open circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.095 V, short circuit current density (JSC) of 27.22 mA/cm2 and FF of 88.14 % that shows huge promise in low-cost solar energy harvesting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Optimal Design of a Hybrid Solar–Wind–Battery System using the Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm for Minimization of the Loss of Power Supply Probability
Ronak Jahanshahi Bavandpour Hamid Ghadiri Hamed KhodadadiRenewable energy has been developed in recent years due to the limited sources of fossil fuels, their possibility of depletion, and the related environmental issues. The main challenges of these type of systems is reaching to the optimum size in order to have an afforda MoreRenewable energy has been developed in recent years due to the limited sources of fossil fuels, their possibility of depletion, and the related environmental issues. The main challenges of these type of systems is reaching to the optimum size in order to have an affordable system based on storing the solar and wind energy. In this paper, optimization of a solar-wind hybrid system is presented with a saving battery system for supplying a specific hourly load annually to minimize annual system expenses and the probability of Loss of Power Supply Probability (LPSP). Annual expenses of the system include initial investment, maintenance, and replacement costs. The purpose of optimization is to determine the numbers of solar panels, wind turbines, batteries, the height of the wind tower, and the angle of the solar panel toward solar radiation. For this issue, a new method named Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) is employed. Also, the effects of changes in inverter efficiency, load demand, and of maximum probability of LPSP on system designing are evaluated. Simulation results show that the efficiency reduction, load increase, and increasing the load and maximum reliability in the system in the form of reducing of LPSP lead to an increase in annual energy costs of systems. Furthermore, the results indicate the superiority of the GOA method toward particle swarm optimization (PSO) in reaching better target function and less cost. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Design and Construction of a Water-Free Cleaning Robot for Solar Panels with the Ability to Adjust the Height
Mohammadreza Miveh Amirhossein Ahmadi Mojtaba PishvaeiToday, with the depletion of fossil fuels, the trend towards using renewable energies has increased. Among the various types of renewable energy resources, solar systems received more attention due to technical, environmental and economic reasons. However, the efficienc MoreToday, with the depletion of fossil fuels, the trend towards using renewable energies has increased. Among the various types of renewable energy resources, solar systems received more attention due to technical, environmental and economic reasons. However, the efficiency of solar panels is not high due to several reasons. In addition to using high-efficiency control equipment such as maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods, cleaning the surface of solar panels is one of the best and easiest ways to improve their efficiency and performance. In this paper, to increase the efficiency of solar panels, a robot for cleaning solar panels with the ability to adjust the height with the help of tank wheel technology has been developed. Moreover, due to water shortages in the country, the design of this robot has been done without the use of water. Considering that the designed robot has a telecommunication system with remote control capability, the speed of cleaning is very high and there is no need for the operator. The used software in the robot provides proper scheduling for the cleaning of solar panels. In addition to the aforementioned advantages, the proposed robot has a much lower price than foreign products. The performance of this robot on the five kW solar power plant of Tafresh University has been evaluated. Increasing the efficiency of the power plant, more revenue from the sale of energy to the grid and significant savings in water consumption are the main advantages of this intelligent robot. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Load Frequency Control in a Hybrid Power System Considering Renewable Energy Sources and Electric Vehicles Using Fractional Order PID Controller Based on Wavelet Neural Network
Abbas-Ali Zamani Seyed Mohammad Kargar Dehnavi Alireza ReisiRestructuring of power systems and integration of different renewable energy sources with complex dynamic behaviors and high structural uncertainties has made the issue of load frequency control more important. For a hybrid power system that includes a thermal power pla MoreRestructuring of power systems and integration of different renewable energy sources with complex dynamic behaviors and high structural uncertainties has made the issue of load frequency control more important. For a hybrid power system that includes a thermal power plant taking into account nonlinear limitations such as the governor dead band and generator rate constraints and renewable energy sources including a wind turbine, solar-thermal power plant, electrolyzer, fuel cell, and plug-in electric vehicle, this paper proposes an adaptive wavelet neural network fractional order PID controller (AWNNFOPID) based on self-recursive wavelet neural networks and fractional order PID controller. To compare the performance of the proposed AWNNFOPID controller, four different scenarios are considered and the simulation results are compared with traditional I, PI, and PID controllers as well as with the optimized FOPID controller. The simulation results show that the proposed AWNNFOPID controller has better performances than the other control strategies used for the studied hybrid power system based on performance indicators such as settling time, rise time, maximum overshoot, maximum undershoot, integral time absolute error (ITAE), and integral absolute error (IAE). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Designing and Simulation of a Two-Axis Solar Tracking System by Exact Relations of Solar Angles
Faezeh Esmaili Ranjbar Hasan Fatehi Marj Ghazanfar ShahgholianIn this study, a system has been designed and simulated to track sunlight, which identifies sun location based on the exact relations of solar angles and without any optical sensor. In fact the relations which have been used in this study are far more accurate compared MoreIn this study, a system has been designed and simulated to track sunlight, which identifies sun location based on the exact relations of solar angles and without any optical sensor. In fact the relations which have been used in this study are far more accurate compared to similar cases, because of using the "equation of time" and reducing the tracking time of every 15 minutes. In this system, an economical micro-controller has been used to generate the necessary orders to control system and two stepper motors for powering solar array. By adding a real-time clock IC (RTC) to angle differentiation circuit, dynamic plane has improved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - A Look at the Interpretation of Nasīʾ with the Help of Calendrology
mahbubeh mousaeipour ghasem sadeghpoorUnderstanding the meaning and strong message of Quranic verses depends on understanding the words and terms used in it. One of these terms that is an ignorant observer; It is a tradition that the Qur'an has declared invalid. It shows a review of interpretative sources a MoreUnderstanding the meaning and strong message of Quranic verses depends on understanding the words and terms used in it. One of these terms that is an ignorant observer; It is a tradition that the Qur'an has declared invalid. It shows a review of interpretative sources and vocabulary; The truth and process of this concept are in many uncertainties for Muslim Quran scholars. With the aim of filling this research gap, relying on the knowledge of calendrology and descriptive analytical method, this research tries to discover the hidden angles of this outdated Jāhīli tradition. For this purpose, in addition to interpretative-lexical investigations, we have noted the leaping and using calculations and tables, how and according to what goals they used They used the "solar-lunar calendar" which sometimes led to thirteen months of the year and the shifting of the forbidden months in such a way that every three years, two or three years of Dhul-Ḥijjah were replaced again. He was coming back. We have also tried to analyze the reason for banning the Quran according to the goals and consequences of this tradition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Photo corrosion of titania nanotubes within water splitting reaction
Shahab Khameneh Asl Deniz Unar -
Open Access Article
125 - Inactivation of Fecal coliforms during solar and photocatalytic disinfection by zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in compound parabolic concentrators (CPCs)
Ahmadreza Yazdanbakhsh Kourosh Rahmani Hasan Rahmani Mansour Sarafraz Masoumeh Tahmasebizadeh Ayat Rahmani -
Open Access Article
126 - Feasibility Study of Using Photovoltaic Systems in Water and Wastewater Industry (Case Study: Tehran Water and Wastewater Company)
Ensieh Ozgoli Younes Noorollahi Reza Arjmandi Ali MohammadiSince water and wastewater companies are one of the significant energy consumers in urban industries, there is a substantial share to increase electricity demand and as a result, increasing the power plants load. The purpose of this study is to present a new evaluation MoreSince water and wastewater companies are one of the significant energy consumers in urban industries, there is a substantial share to increase electricity demand and as a result, increasing the power plants load. The purpose of this study is to present a new evaluation approach for using solar energy in the water and wastewater industry. Therefore, while consideration of the energy consumption in the six regions of Tehran Water and Wastewater Company, requirements for the installation and operation of photovoltaic systems in this company has been investigated. In the present study, the objective functions are energy consumption costs and greenhouse gas emissions; Also, solar energy potential, increasing population rate and water consumption are the most important independent variables and forecasted electricity consumption, carbon tax, and electricity sales price are also dependent variables. The results of this study, which can be based on using the regression model, show that the increase in electricity consumption and costs are 1.5 and 3 times in this period, respectively. To calculate the amount of greenhouse gas emissions, the three scenarios are implemented and compared with the replacement of 5, 20, and 30% of the company required electricity by photovoltaic systems. The reduction in CO2 emissions due to the production of 30% of electricity consumption with solar energy, amounted to 26,712 thousand tons. On the other hand, taxing more than $ 10 per ton of CO2 emissions changes the consumption pattern and reduces the cost of electricity consumption in this industry by $ 5,987,086. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Residential Tower Design with Solar Energy Approach in 22 District of Tehran
Afshin Ghorbaniparam alireza jpiry mohammadreza GhorbaniparamToday, with the expansion of cities and migration to metropolises, the needs and problems of urbanization are changing day by day. With the increase of the population and their needs, and the transformation of villas into towers and skyscrapers, and due to the multiplic MoreToday, with the expansion of cities and migration to metropolises, the needs and problems of urbanization are changing day by day. With the increase of the population and their needs, and the transformation of villas into towers and skyscrapers, and due to the multiplicity of units and floors, social interactions in them are distorted and the use of electricity and fossil fuels has increased on the one hand all over the world, due to the existence of problems Because of the excessive consumption of energy and its high economic costs, the use of renewable energy from the sun has become very important to reduce energy consumption.The current research was conducted with the aim of designing a residential tower with solar energy approach in the 22nd district of Tehran. In terms of purpose, it is practical, in terms of analytical descriptive nature, and in terms of data, it is quantitative and qualitative, and energy modeling (simulation) is used. Data collection was done by library and field methods. The results of the current research show energy saving according to the orientation of the building, the volume and overall shape of the building, the placement of internal spaces, the walls of the passage net, shade, the use of the second shell and performing energy calculations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Climatic Design of Form, Aspect Ratio and Building’s Orientation Based on Solar Radiation in Tehran
hassan Akbari esmail ebrahimiConsidering the special geographical-climatic conditions and the high consumption of fossil fuels in Tehran, the design of buildings, consistent with the climate and in order to benefit from renewable energies such as solar energy is necessary. The physical characterist MoreConsidering the special geographical-climatic conditions and the high consumption of fossil fuels in Tehran, the design of buildings, consistent with the climate and in order to benefit from renewable energies such as solar energy is necessary. The physical characteristics of buildings have a very important role in the regulation of microclimate conditions and thermal situation of interior and exterior spaces of buildings. The aim of this research is to determine the proper form, aspect ratio and orientation of buildings, based on the amount of received solar radiation in Tehran. In this research, six geometric forms, including square, rectangle, hexagonal, octagonal, hexadecagon and triacontadigon with an equal area and elevation were studied. Using the Q-BASIC software, the azimuth angle and altitude of the sun were extracted, then, based on “Law of Cosines” computational method, the amount of energy received at the vertical surfaces was estimated in 32 geographic directions. The results show that the highest amount of annual received energy is related to the rectangular form with the North-South orientation and the least amount is related to the rectangular form with East-West orientation. The best form of building in Tehran is a rectangle with East-West orientation and after that is the square form. The most suitable aspect ratio for the rectangular form with the East-West orientation is the ratio of 1: 1.4. The most appropriate orientations for the specified aspect ratios, are the 165 degrees South-East and South-West and then is the directions to the South. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - System Dynamics Modeling and Simulation to Analyze the Role of Solar Energy in Secure Access to Sustainability
Maryam Ebrahimi Nazanin Pilevari -
Open Access Article
130 - Improving the Performance of N719 Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell by Application of Polypyrrole/Polyaniline Conductive Polymers as a Counter Electrode
Mahsa Mahdavinia Gholamreza Kiani Ayub Karimzad GhavidelThe aim of this research is the fabrication of a titanium dioxide nanostructure-based solar cell sensitized with N719 dye, and improving its efficiency with the application of a core-shell structure of polypyrrole/polyaniline as a counter electrode. The solar cells with MoreThe aim of this research is the fabrication of a titanium dioxide nanostructure-based solar cell sensitized with N719 dye, and improving its efficiency with the application of a core-shell structure of polypyrrole/polyaniline as a counter electrode. The solar cells with polymeric counter electrode were fabricated, in variable thicknesses by two spin coating and drop coating methods, and evaluated. In addition, the effect of nanowires and titanium dioxide nanoparticles concentration, present in photo-anode, was investigated on the performance of solar cell. The absorption amount of N719 dye was studied by spectrophotometer, and the maximum absorption was obtained at the wavelengths of 380 and 530 nm. The structural investigation of photo-anode and counter electrode by scanning electron microscope showed that the combination of nanoparticles and titanium dioxide nanowires with 1:9 ratio leads to a porous structure with a high surface-to-volume ratio that has a significant effect on the absorption of the dye and solar cell efficiency. The prepared solar cell by the drop coating method did not have appropriate performance. So, the focus of the research was directed towards the sample prepared by spin coating method. The solar cell sample with the counter electrode, containing polypyrrole/polyaniline, fabricated by spin coating method offers the open circuit voltage of 0.71 V, short circuit current of 2.58 mA, fill factor of 57.38, and efficiency of 1.05, which open circuit voltage and fill factor have been improved by 7.6 and 35 times compared to similar samples, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - A comprehensive review of corrosion prevention methods for perovskite solar cells
Majid Mirzaee Tayyebeh Mohebbi Alimorad rashidiIn recent years, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been considered one of the most promising photovoltaic technologies due to their affordability and excellent performance. However, perovskites are sensitive to parameters such as humidity, oxygen, temperature, and elec MoreIn recent years, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been considered one of the most promising photovoltaic technologies due to their affordability and excellent performance. However, perovskites are sensitive to parameters such as humidity, oxygen, temperature, and electrical bias. Changes in the composition and structure of materials from the precursor to the resulting perovskite lead to various defects. During long-term operation, these defects often act as the initiation of degradation to deteriorate PSC performance. A series of methods have been developed to prevent contact between the corrosive environment and perovskite. For this purpose, various techniques have been designed to control these parameters, which include removing corrosion sites during construction, eliminating corrosion sites during machine operation, and preventing contact between the corrosive environment and perovskite. In this review, the lifetime of PSC is discussed from the point of view of corrosion science. Finally, the use of a series of anti-corrosion strategies (passivation, surface coating, machining) in corrosion science significantly increases the stability of perovskite cells. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Application of nanofluids for heat transfer enhancement in solar water heaters
محمد رضا جعفری نصر سیده فاطمه حسینیIn this study, techniques for heat transfer enhancement reviewed. Application of nanofluids was studied as a new technique for more energy saving and heat recovery. Transys version17 simulation was used for prediction of thermal efficiency of water and various nanofluid MoreIn this study, techniques for heat transfer enhancement reviewed. Application of nanofluids was studied as a new technique for more energy saving and heat recovery. Transys version17 simulation was used for prediction of thermal efficiency of water and various nanofluids in a flat plate solar collector. Nano fluids that were used in this simulation analysis are copper oxide, copper, and alumina. The results show that the heat transfer and thermal efficiency of copper nanofluid are greater than other working fluids while the exergy efficiency of alumina is greater. Gambit 2.4.6 was used for our CFD calculation along with the Fluent version17.2. We used a model to numerically simulate the heat transfer. The governing equations and corresponding boundary conditions are converted to dimensionless forms and solved numerically by the finite element method. The results show that efficiency of copper is 67% and it is greater than alumina and copper oxide efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Evaluation of photovoltaic properties of polymeric solar cell comprising quantum dots with perovskite ligands
رضوان سلطانی علی اصغر کتبابin the present study, attempts have been made for the first time to investigate the influence of lead sulfide (PbS) colloidal quantum dots along with their ligand exchange from long-chain insulating oleic acid )OA) to the short-chain semiconducting methylammonium lead i Morein the present study, attempts have been made for the first time to investigate the influence of lead sulfide (PbS) colloidal quantum dots along with their ligand exchange from long-chain insulating oleic acid )OA) to the short-chain semiconducting methylammonium lead iodide )MA4PbI6), called perovskite, upon the photon harvesting efficiency and photovoltaic characteristics of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymeric solar cell comprising ternary photo active layer based on poly )3-hexyl thiophene))rrP3HT) as electron donor and PC61BM as acceptor. According to the photo absorption spectrum obtained within UV-Vis and NIR regions, the ternary cells based on OA and MA4PbI6 capped PbS exhibit enhanced photon harvesting efficiency compared with their binary counterpart cell. The steady state photoluminescence results reveal efficient electron transfer from photoexcited P3HT to QDs and hole transfer from photoexcited QDs to P3HT, leading to the improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the ternary cells. However, compared with OA, the semiconducting perovskite )MA4PbI6) ligand shows to be much more effective in increasing power conversion efficiency, so that 6% improvement in PCE is seen by the introduction of 6% PbS QD capped with perovskite ligand unlike PbS QD with OA ligand which had adverse effect on the photovoltaic properties of p 3HT: PC61BM solar cell. This is explained to be due to the insulating characteristic of long chain OA as well as improved charge carrier transport in the case of PbS capped perovskite based ternary solar cells. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - افزایش راندمان خروجی کل مدول فتوولتائیک با بکارگیری کلکتور فتوولتائیک - حرارتی
سید امیر به مونسی تابش خورشیدی دمای سطح مدول فتوولتائیک (PV) را افزایش میدهد که این افزایش دما، سبب کاهش راندمان الکتریکی و عمر مفید سلولهای فتوولتائیک میشود. یکی از روشهای کاهش دمای مدولهای فتوولتائیک، کاهش حرارت سطح مدول بهواسطه گردش سیالی همچون آب یا هوا است. به دستگاه More تابش خورشیدی دمای سطح مدول فتوولتائیک (PV) را افزایش میدهد که این افزایش دما، سبب کاهش راندمان الکتریکی و عمر مفید سلولهای فتوولتائیک میشود. یکی از روشهای کاهش دمای مدولهای فتوولتائیک، کاهش حرارت سطح مدول بهواسطه گردش سیالی همچون آب یا هوا است. به دستگاههایی که بر این مبنا عمل میکنند کلکتورهای ترکیبی فتوولتائیک – حرارتی (PV/T) میگویند. معمولا کلکتورهای ترکیبی فتوولتائیک - حرارتی، از یکپارچهسازی مدول فتوولتائیک و کلکتور حرارتی به منظور جلوگیری از تماس مستقیم سیال خنک کننده با سطح مدول ساخته میشود. جاذب حرارتی به دلیل دفع حرارت از سطح مدول به سیال بسیار حائز اهمیت است بنابراین عملکرد حرارتی و الکتریکی یک کلکتور PV/T به طراحی مناسب جاذب وابسته است. در این تحقیق، ابتدا طبقهبندی و ساختارهای مختلفی از کلکتور PV/T بررسی شدند. در ادامه راندمان حرارتی و الکتریکی 9 طرح کاربردی از کلکتور PV/T به صورت تئوری با یکدیگر مقایسه شدند. سپس راندمان الکتریکی کلکتور PV/T نوع ورق و لوله توسط مدول PV شاهد تحت آزمون قرار گرفت. بر طبق نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش، در صورتی که دمای سیال ورودی پایین باشد، کلکتور PV/T راندمان کل بالاتری در مقایسه با کلکتور حرارتی یا مدول PV مجزا خواهد داشت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Using Molybdenum Trioxide as a TCO Layer to Improve Performance of CdTe/CdS Thin-film Solar Cell
Bahadour Mozafari Ali Shahhoseini -
Open Access Article
136 - Designing and Optimization of Hybrid Solar and Wind Turbine, with Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage, by TLBO Algorithm
Farshid Biria سید محمود مدرسی Hamid Reza Akbari -
Open Access Article
137 - Investigating the Effect of Different Penetration of Renewable Energy Resources on Islanded Microgrid Frequency Control Using a Robust Method
Amir Hosein Tayebi Reza Sharifi Amir Hosein Salemi Faramarz Faghihi -
Open Access Article
138 - Optimal Planning of Distributed Energy Resources in Distribution Microgrid to Improve Resource Owner Profit and Network Resiliency
Soheil Haji Mohammadi Mahmoud Modaresi -
Open Access Article
139 - Loss Reduction in a Probabilistic Approach for Optimal Planning of Renewable Resources
Seyed Amir Hossein Bahreyni HeydarAli Shayanfar -
Open Access Article
140 - Energy Management in Photovoltaic Based Micro-Grid Systems
Mojtaba Jamiati -
Open Access Article
141 - Modeling of Maximum Solar Power Tracking by Genetic Algorithm Method
Mojtaba Jamiati -
Open Access Article
142 - Design and construction of smart solar bicycles by presenting a new transportation architecture model based on renewable energies in the Corona era
Meraj Rajaee Farima Nasiri -
Open Access Article
143 - Investigating the Effect of Buffer Tank Type on Technical and Environmental Performance of Solar Heating Systems in Iran
Moein Mortazavi Somaye Yaghoubi Mehdi Jahangiri -
Open Access Article
144 - Management and Environmental Assessment of Simultaneous Production of Solar Electricity and Heat (Case Study: Sar Agha Seyed Rural Health Center)
Mashallah Valikhani Dehaghani Mohsen Khalili Samani Daryosh Mohamadi Janaki -
Open Access Article
145 - Feasibility of a High Efficiency Solar Air Conditioner Powered by DC Current
Mohammad Kazemi Bidhendi Alireze Derakshan -
Open Access Article
146 - Potential of Using Residential Scale Solar Heat in Pakistan: Finding the Best Station
Mahshid Babaei Mehdi Jahangiri Rashid Riahi Farhad Raeiszadeh Habib Ur Rahman Habib -
Open Access Article
147 - Fuzzy Method in Feasibility Study of Using Biomass Solar Hybrid Source and Photovoltaic System for Designing a Research Center Building in Smart Grid of Hamedan
Maryam Darabi Saeid Piri -
Open Access Article
148 - Probabilistic GENCOs Bidding Strategy in Restructured Two-Side Auction Power Markets
Morteza Aien Aahmud Fotuhi-Firuzabad -
Open Access Article
149 - Effect of Wind Turbine, Solar Cells and Storages in Short Term Operation of Coupled Electricity and Gas Infrastructures in Different Climates
Samaneh Pazouki Mahmoud-Reza Haghifam Javad Olamaei -
Open Access Article
150 - Modeling charge carrier densities in solid-state nanostructured dye-sensitized solar cells
ُTahmineh Jalali Morteza Sadaghi Shahriar OsfouriDye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are a newer generation of solar cells that, although they have lower efficiency compared to silicon-based solar cells, have a high potential for improved efficiency. Due to their better cost-effectiveness, they can replace silicon-base MoreDye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are a newer generation of solar cells that, although they have lower efficiency compared to silicon-based solar cells, have a high potential for improved efficiency. Due to their better cost-effectiveness, they can replace silicon-based solar cells in the market if their efficiency and stability increase. The design and development of DSSCs have involved not only experimental and laboratory work but also numerical modeling. The aim of this work is to design and numerically model dye-sensitized solar cells based on a nanostructured semiconductor layer with a wide bandgap (titanium dioxide) and zinc oxide as the electron transporter, N719 dye as the absorber layer, and PEDOT:PSS and P3HT as hole transport materials. In this research, the advanced software CAMSOL with extensive capabilities is used for the design of dye-sensitized solar cells, and the current-voltage characteristics and optical absorption of the cell are calculated, which are in agreement with experimental data. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Study on the Possibility of Eliminating Sulfuring Process in the Production of Dried Apricots
Hamid R. Ziaolhagh -
Open Access Article
152 - Synthesis of (CZTS) Cu2ZnSnS4 Nanoparticles by Hydrothermal Method for Solar Cell Application
Mahnaz karbassi Saeid Baghshahi Nastaran Riahi Noori Roozbeh Siavash MoakharTraditional photovoltaic devices for replacing fossil fuels have problems, including high construction and installation costs. Hence, there is now more focus on the new generation of solar cells, including solar tiles with higher efficiency and lower const. Due to the e MoreTraditional photovoltaic devices for replacing fossil fuels have problems, including high construction and installation costs. Hence, there is now more focus on the new generation of solar cells, including solar tiles with higher efficiency and lower const. Due to the emergence of nanolayers and the extensive advances in the selection of raw materials and devices for the application of this type of layers, in the present study, the preparation and achievement of optimal conditions for the main layer of solar tile has been considered. The best sample containing adsorbent layer film ink was obtained from CZTS and was made by solothermal method at 550 ºC. Using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy analysis, phase studies of the synthesized samples as well as the identification of functional groups in the compounds were performed. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was used to study the surface morphology and the microstructure of the prepared inks. A UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to analyze the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum. XRD analysis showed the formation of pure cassiterite as well as the presence of secondary phases of CZTS in some samples. and the results were confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. In the studies, the sample synthesized at 550 ºC with crystalline structure of cassiterite with suitable peak intensities was selected as the most suitable sample. FESEM microscopy showed that all samples of CZTS nanoparticles had a petal-like shape and with increasing temperature the petals bended. Finally the best conditions for the homogeneity of the morphological particles of the sample were observed at 550 ºC. Also, based on the results of the EDS, the sample with the highest weight percentage of copper and the lowest weight percentage of sulfur had priority in terms of application in solar cell structures, such characteristics were observed in the sample synthesized at 550 ºC. UV-Vis results showed that the optical cleavage band of CZTS nanoparticles in the best sample was 1.49 eV. In general, the results of the studies in this work showed the appropriateness of the solothermal synthesis method and also the effect of temperature on the final characteristics of the thin film, including the type of structure, morphology, transmition and energy bandgap. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - ساخت کالکتور خورشیدی متمرکز کننده سهموی خطی و پیش بینی عملکرد آن
محمود تاجیهدف از انجام این تحقیق ساخت و پیش بینی عملکرد کالکتور خورشیدی متمرکزکننده است که طرح کلی آن همانند طرحهای رایج این نوع کالکتور بوده، ولی سطح منعکس کننده بجای آینه از ورق نازک فولاد آینه ای است. برای ساخت ابتدا سازه اصلی نگهدارنده با اتصال موازی سازه های پیش ساخته ⩝ شکل Moreهدف از انجام این تحقیق ساخت و پیش بینی عملکرد کالکتور خورشیدی متمرکزکننده است که طرح کلی آن همانند طرحهای رایج این نوع کالکتور بوده، ولی سطح منعکس کننده بجای آینه از ورق نازک فولاد آینه ای است. برای ساخت ابتدا سازه اصلی نگهدارنده با اتصال موازی سازه های پیش ساخته ⩝ شکل صفحه ای ساخته شد و یک کمان سهمی شکل تفلنی بعنوان تکیه گاه سطح منعکس کننده در دهانه هر سازه نصب گردید. سپس ورق فولادی در دهانه سازه اصلی به شکل سهمیگون مونتاژ شد. بقیه قسمتها مشابه روشهای مرسوم ساخته و مونتاژگردید.برای پیش بینی عملکرد، پس از تعیین رابطه راندمان بصورت تابعی از زاویه اصابت تابش خورشید برمبنای تئوریهای این نوع کالکتور، راندمان و نرخ خالص جذب گرما به کمک نرم افزار متلب وبرنامه نویسی در محیط ان محاسبه و برحسب زمان ظاهری خورشید در چند روز سال رسم گردید. نتایج نشان داد اگر تابش خورشید به امتداد عمود برافق نزدیک باشد، راندمان از50% در صبح تا 60% درظهر افزایش یافته و بعدازظهرتا عصر به 50% کاهش میابد. در غیراینصورت راندمان از 60% در صبح به50% درظهر کاهش یافته و مجددا" تا 60% در عصر افزایش میابد. نرخ خالص جذب گرما (w/m2) هر دو حالت در ظهر حداکثر(450-550 ) و در صبح و عصر حداقل (400-450) بود.گرچه راندمان کالکتور ساخته شده با راندمان کالکتورهای معمول تفاوت چندانی ندارد، اما زمان و هزینه کمتر برای مونتاژ آن و کیفیت بالاتر شکل هندسی و دوام بیشتر سطح منکس کننده درمقایسه با کالکتورهای معمول قابل ملاحظه است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - Computational fluid dynamics analysis and geometric optimization of solar chimney power plants by using of genetic algorithm
Amir Karami Davood ToghraieIn this paper, a multi-objective optimization method is implemented by using of genetic algorithm techniques in order to determine optimum configuration of solar chimney power plant. The objective function which is simultaneously considered in the analysis is output pow MoreIn this paper, a multi-objective optimization method is implemented by using of genetic algorithm techniques in order to determine optimum configuration of solar chimney power plant. The objective function which is simultaneously considered in the analysis is output power of the plant. Output power of the system is maximized. Design parameters of the considered plant include collector radius (Rc), collector height (Hc), chimney height (Ht), chimney radius (Rt) and heat flux ( ). The multi-objective optimization results show that there are a strong positive correlation between the chimney height and the output power, as well as a negative correlation between the solar collector radius and the output power. Also, it was concluded that, output power of the plant could be considerably increased with increasing solar chimney height while increasing collector radius could slightly reduce output power This study may be useful for the preliminary estimation of power plant performance and the power-regulating strategy option for solar chimney turbines. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - An experimental model for predicting normal solar performance chimneys concerning the percentage of openings
Sajede Nazari Malihe Taghipour Aliakbar Heidari -
Open Access Article
156 - Effect of soil solarization on soil characteristics and weeds dry matter in Estahban region
Mohammad hassan Baeshtiagh Farhad Mohajeri In order to evaluation of solarization time and plastic color on germination of Amaranthus retroflexus and Sinapis arvensis in Estahban region, this study was carried out in a factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design with More In order to evaluation of solarization time and plastic color on germination of Amaranthus retroflexus and Sinapis arvensis in Estahban region, this study was carried out in a factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Factors included solarization duration at 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days, and plastic color at Transparent, non-transparent and dark levels. The effect of solarization duration on total dry weight of weeds showed that with increasing solarization time, dry weight of weeds decreased and there was a significant difference between different treatments of solarization time The lowest dry weight of weeds (36.2 g / m2) was observed in 60 days of solarization and the highest dry weight of weeds (162.55 g / m²) was observed in control treatment Also, the darker the color of the plastic, the total dry weight of the weeds decreased. The highest dry weight (95.1 gr / m2) was obtained in transparent plastic and the lowest dry weight (24.25 g / m2) in dark plastic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - Recent Advances in the Development of Quantum Materials for the Construction of Solar Cells: A Mini Review
O. Ashkani B. Abedi-Ravan Y. YarahmadiSolar cells are one of the most important equipment’s in the field of clean and novel energy that can be used without chemical pollution. Solar cells are very valuable equipment that by using them, in addition to reducing environmental pollution, can benefit from clean MoreSolar cells are one of the most important equipment’s in the field of clean and novel energy that can be used without chemical pollution. Solar cells are very valuable equipment that by using them, in addition to reducing environmental pollution, can benefit from clean energy. Solar cells are generally used in various industries, including aerospace, clean energy and even transportation. In the meantime, increasing the efficiency of solar cells is of great importance, and the development of quantum science has made a significant contribution to this issue. The use of quantum dots containing different materials such as graphene, carbon, gallium, lead and similar materials can increase the efficiency of solar cells from 3 to more than 50% on average. Also, the power conversion efficiency in solar cells developed with quantum dot technology reports from 1 to more than 15% improvements compared to conventional solar cells. In this research, to summarize the latest achievements in this field, an overview of the importance of quantum dots about the development of solar cells has been done. Manuscript profile
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