-
Open Access Article
1 - Investigation and analysis of the formation of the Shiraz school in painting and its effectsThis school in the architecture of Shiraz city
Mohammad Varasteh ٍElham DehghaniThe Shiraz school of painting is a type of painting and book design that emerged during the Al-Inju period with the support of powerful and wealthy art educators and reached its peak during the Timurid era. Since architecture is always a reflection of the culture and ar MoreThe Shiraz school of painting is a type of painting and book design that emerged during the Al-Inju period with the support of powerful and wealthy art educators and reached its peak during the Timurid era. Since architecture is always a reflection of the culture and art of that period in every period of history, and the transformations that took place in other areas of life and art were proportional to it, therefore, dealing with the historical and artistic background of the city in a situation It seems necessary to improve the quality of contemporary architecture. One of the important features of the Shiraz school is stage design, creating a balance between text and image, book design, and the use of small engravings. The artists of this school represented all the elements of Iranian thought and belief in the text and general intellectual and cultural context of the Islamic society of their time. In this regard, in this research, the researcher has tried to know as much as possible the principles and aesthetic values of Shiraz painting art and examines how it affects the architecture of Shiraz city. This research is of a descriptive-analytical type, which examines the painting of Shiraz and its relationship with the architecture of Shiraz through content analysis, and library and field methods were used to collect its materials, and by studying documents, historical books, texts Literature and observation have been used. The results of this research indicate the existence of works and evidences of the Shiraz School in the architecture of the old buildings of this city, such as the Narenjestan Garden and the Atiq Mosque, the evidences that state that the three texts of architecture, literature and paintings are connected to each other and complement each other's meaning. they do. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Sovereignty Over the Ra’āyā: Reflection of Safavid Ideology in “Man on a Composite Horse and Elephant” Paintings
Seddighe Nayefi asghar javani Mohammad Reza MoridiThe” Man on a composite horse and elephant” Paintings of Safavid belong to the world- composite paintings class that the scholars have acknowledged for emerging and abundance of them in the 16th / 10th century. Despite the attractiveness, those works faced s MoreThe” Man on a composite horse and elephant” Paintings of Safavid belong to the world- composite paintings class that the scholars have acknowledged for emerging and abundance of them in the 16th / 10th century. Despite the attractiveness, those works faced stagnation and changing concepts over the next following years. This research on the context of the theory of reflection attempts to explain the influence of society and the dominant ideology in the art works and analysis of the content of images and its adaptation to the Safavid society, the nature and function of the identity and function of the figurative compartments in those works and their role in society and the reflection of society on them. The most important achievements of this research are determining the present and absent groups in the community which is depicted in those works, extracting the main concept from encoding images including "Integrated and centralized governance" and "king as herder of ra’āyā", adjusting those concepts with the capabilities and defects of the ruling class ideology, having a critical look at the concepts and finally presenting reasons for the stagnation of their illustrations, such as reduction of the capacity of the early dynamic ideology and the wane of metaphors such as ”king as herder of ra’āyā”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Visual Principles of Design in Islamic-Iranian Paintings and Visual Principles of Ibn al-Haytham’s Vision Theory; A Comparative Study
Parvaneh Delfani Esmael Bani ArdalanAccording to the model of European painting realism, the structure of perspective in Iranian painting is inexpertly described, while the ability of an Iranian painter to represent the world should be examined on the basis of other principles. The purpose of this researc MoreAccording to the model of European painting realism, the structure of perspective in Iranian painting is inexpertly described, while the ability of an Iranian painter to represent the world should be examined on the basis of other principles. The purpose of this research is to explain the reasons of avoidance from representation of perspective and visual geometry in the procedure of Persian Painting production, in comparison with visual principles resulted from Ibn al-Haytham’s vision theory as linear perspective.This research indicates that the visual principles resulted from vision theory of Ibn al-Haytham has a quantitative characteristic based on the geometry of sight. This geometrical structure as a linear perspective demonstrates a kind of subjective representation aligned with theoretical paradigm of science and ideology of Renaissance. The structure of perspective in Persian Painting, by contrast, doesn’t fit visual geometry; and it is a kind of objective representation according to which objects and visual world are depicted, regardless of subject’s view, from various viewpoints and are finally combined into the form of pure geometry structure and right angle view. This kind of angle of view, made possible by perceiving and interpreting the world hierarchically and independently of knowing subject in Islamic ideology, didn’t let the linear perspective techniques, which are resulted from a quantitative approach to study the procedure of visual sensation, to initiate and develop within inside Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The Effect of Ibn al-Haytham’s Vision Theory on the Prevalence of Linear Perspective in the Renaissance Painting
Parvaneh Delfani Esmael Bani ArdalanLinear perspective provides a pattern to represent a space which relates to some of the rules of Vision Science. This type of perspective has become popular in Europe since 15th century on the basis of Ibn al- Haytham’s Vision Theory. According to a historical- An MoreLinear perspective provides a pattern to represent a space which relates to some of the rules of Vision Science. This type of perspective has become popular in Europe since 15th century on the basis of Ibn al- Haytham’s Vision Theory. According to a historical- Analytical research, the effects of this theory have been considered from two aspects: Firstly, the translation of the “Book of Optics” in Latin made it possible that European artists become familiar with Ibn al- Haytham’s Vision Theory. In this theory, he describes how image is created in the eye. Secondly, through transferring his dark room to Europe, the European artists were able to use it to transfer pictures exactly to the canvas. As a result of this acquaintance, linear perspective became prevalent in Europe. Moreover, it is technically and scientifically possible for artists to make pictures on the basis of the focus point of the observer, which is in fact his inverted vision cone. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Explanation of the Connection between the Existence of the Sky in the Architecture and Painting of the Safavid Period from the Perspective of Areas of Human Life
Seyyed Gholam Reza Islami zahraalsadat hosseiniFrom the moment of birth, human beings grow with the formation of their physical, physiological, and security needs, and then they are placed in the space of knowing the psychological realm and providing psychological and social security needs, as well as being respecte MoreFrom the moment of birth, human beings grow with the formation of their physical, physiological, and security needs, and then they are placed in the space of knowing the psychological realm and providing psychological and social security needs, as well as being respected and loved and loved. Due to the insufficient provision of these needs for human beings, he experiences the spiritual realm with the provision of respectful and self-fulfilling demands. All these areas and requirements are formed in an environment that is based on the two elements of earth and sky. However, being surrounded by the modern world, the contemporary man is influenced by self-made architectural space, which is led to mental and physical disease due to the elimination of natural elements such as the sky. Moreover, human needs are categorized based on the response to his physical, psychological, and spiritual aspects, which affect his activities according to the theory of thinkers. Also, the dependence of art on nature has caused people to express what they have learned from nature through art. In this regard, Iranians, who have had a special respect for nature from the past to the present, have been inspired by nature. According to Iranian mythology, the sky, as the father of nature, vast and glorious, has played a key role in shaping Iranian art. Iranian art from the past to the present, including stories and legends, poets, miniatures and paintings, music, carpets, shows the role of the sky in meeting human needs. On the other hand, the representation of the sky in the arts can prove its effect on the health of the human body and soul to emphasize the importance of the existence of the sky in the living space of human beings. In order to show the effect of the sky on the improvement of human life, two views have been applied, including Western and Islamic ones based on Maslow's view, and human areas, based on the Islamic view. Study of the existence of the sky in Iranian art and especially in painting and analyzing the meaning and concept of the sky in this art shows the special place of the sky in the body and mind of human beings and also considers the existence of the sky necessary to meet human vital needs. It should be noted that a large part of the image in blue or gold color shows the role of the sky in meeting the material, psychological and spiritual needs of human beings. By using the qualitative approach, a descriptive-analytical method, and logical reasoning, the present theoretical research studies, how to extend the sky appears in the prominent Safavid paintings as well as which humans aspects are considered based on the pieces of evidence , are from the published library sources and the graphic works (Shahnameh, Shah Tahmasebi and Khamseh Nezami). The results show the sky in the school of Isfahan causes meets spiritual needs in the Safavid era, flourishing spiritual arts in a way that motivates a man to communicate with the metaphysical world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Visual reflections of child friendly urban space in 7-12 years old children's painting
Iman Ghalandarian Zahra younesiVisual reflections of child friendly urban space in 7-12 years old children's paintingUrban spaces have a unique role in fulfilling the social and individual needs of child and youth. Improving the quality of these spaces could be effective in health and increase physic MoreVisual reflections of child friendly urban space in 7-12 years old children's paintingUrban spaces have a unique role in fulfilling the social and individual needs of child and youth. Improving the quality of these spaces could be effective in health and increase physical strength, Strengthening social interactions, group correlations and increase creativity in children. In other hand painting is a path to acquire abilities and creativity for children. Generally the mental connections of children with urban spaces is sort of problems that exposed in their paintings due to inability of communicate and transfer the message correctly. So the purpose of this study is to identify the most effective indicators on child friendly urban spaces based on children’s painting. The research method is qualitative and the data is collected through survey research method. The statistical society of the study consist of 7 from 12 years old children in Mashhad ( The second greatest city In Iran) and the statistical sample is selected through the purposive non-random sampling model. For this purpose 70 paintings on urban spaces is painted by children and based on drawing- sketching model of cognitive map and analysed by MAXQDA software. By analyzing the research variables including used symbols and colours in the paintings optimal features of urban space is extracted from the children's perspective. The results shows safety and comfort with 17.89% of importance is most important features of child friendly urban space and appropriate access to green and natural spaces, recreational and entertaining zones, public spaces, appropriate public transportation system, access to essential facilities and services, existence of a non-polluting environment, attractive visual elements and possibility of children’s participation are next ratings. To reach this elements attention must be focused on safety, designing and locating of child-friendly urban spaces, In that way they feel safe and feel free to access green and natural spaces. In order to attract a child to urban space and increase his/her sense of satisfaction from spaces he/she must understand urban spaces and use them. In other words, a child could engage himself/herself in spaces when he/she understands it; understanding spaces happens when they feel safety. Surveys has shown that features of a child-friendly urban spaces and proper access to green and natural spaces, recreational and entertaining zones, public spaces, appropriate transportation system, basic amenities and services, pollution free environment. Attractive visual elements and children’s possibility of participation are the next children’s priorities. These features allow them to play in space as they get pleased. Creating artificial and natural spaces together, using sophisticated and simple supplies allow them to grow their creativity. In addition paying attention to playgrounds that is not just a park can help their grow and development.These features allow them to play in space as they get pleased. Creating artificial and natural spaces together, using sophisticated and simple supplies allow them to grow their creativity. In addition paying attention to playgrounds that is not just a park can help their grow and development.Keywords: Child, child’s painting. Urban space, child friendly city Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The Representation of Architectural Space in Painting with a Layered Semiotic Approach (Case Study: Iran Darroudi artworks)
Ensieh Vali Siamak Panahi Manouchehr Foroutan Hossein ArdalaniInterdisciplinary studies linking art, philosophy, and theories of contemporary semiotics have opened a new path and vision to art explorations. The significance of meaning in artworks caused other disciplines to appear in art studies. This transformation implied that m MoreInterdisciplinary studies linking art, philosophy, and theories of contemporary semiotics have opened a new path and vision to art explorations. The significance of meaning in artworks caused other disciplines to appear in art studies. This transformation implied that meaning in artworks is not an objective and evident component, requiring interpretation and analysis. Meaning can be transferred between different artistic media. Studying the relationship between architecture and painting is considered an essential interdisciplinary field of research. Architectural space is a media manifesting as a painting in its interaction with the artist.These studies have raised a profound understanding of the artwork's meaning. In addition, providing a scientific knowledge of art has made them well known. Moreover, there is a need for interdisciplinary comprehension of art with social and human approaches. The present article aims to examine the role of architectural space in the creation of paintings with an emphasis on interdisciplinary studies. The main question is, "considering painting a text entailing semiotic codes, what semantic approaches to architectural space can affect it through profound exploration of the spatial layers, and how can a painting be read? ".The general justification of this article is to explain and describe the relationship between architecture and other types of art, especially painting.Although architectural structures and spaces are a combination of applied and functional approaches, they can be studied as artworks to yield an interactive synergy between their aesthetic and semantic layers concerning other subcategories of art, such as painting. Moreover, in the next step, the paper discusses the meaning layers of the space in artists' minds. When painting, the artist detaches from the real world, reaching a clearer understanding of the mind's reality through an experimental journey.This mental projection involves new manifestations of spatial visualization within the image.The article used a qualitative approach to research based on an interdisciplinary study of architecture and painting. In the first section, spatial codes are embedded in different layers according to the space approach; then, a theoretical framework is introduced based on layered semiotics to read the spatial implications of the case studied.Given the apparent representation of architectural space in Iran Darroudi's artworks, we have selected her paintings (Everlasting Marriage; Steadfastness; Stupor of the Plain and Thirst of Desert) and collected primary data using a library-survey method.The results showed that the architectural space, transformed into a system of meaningful places for the artist, can be manifested in the painting as spatial codes. The painter expresses her idea of the urban space in spatial signs in the form of isotopia, heterotopia, or utopia, which can be read in syntagmatic layers.In the textual and media layers, the physical reading of space is matched with the architectural typology method. In a principled correlation, spatial approaches are decoded in the code and text layer. Finally, spatial-phenomenological relations are identified from the painter's existential space in the intertextuality-coding layer. These may be read in textual, intertextuality, and coding layers, as well as semiotics, phenomenology, and typology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Architectural Language of Persian Paintings (Survey of Persian Paintings as Historical Documents of Iranian Islamic Architecture)
Manouchehr Foroutan The documents of Iranian Islamic architecture especially visual documents are few and diffuse. However these documents were attended little. Considerable paintings of the Islamic era, especially Ilkhanid, Timurid and early Safavid period have remained that can be More The documents of Iranian Islamic architecture especially visual documents are few and diffuse. However these documents were attended little. Considerable paintings of the Islamic era, especially Ilkhanid, Timurid and early Safavid period have remained that can be evaluated and searched. This study, wants to show how Persian paintings (Miniature) as historical documents can be used for cognition Iranian Islamic architecture. What ways can be used for analysis them? What kinds of historical data can be apprehended and how validity them to be assessed? For answering these questions, "language" of Persian paintings must were understood. The research based on historical method. For understanding language of Persian painting applied three strategies: History of architectural representation was evaluated and tow ways of representation of architecture in painting were obtained. Expressive features of Persian paintings were reviewed. Therefore, Persian paintings that represented well-known buildings were compared whit the building. For example three paintings from Nezami's quintuplet poem (khamse) were selected and compared by Taq-e-Bostan and also three Persian painting that were represented Mecca. Persian paintings were compared whit samples of extant Iranian and other Islamic architecture. For example, representation of house in a Persian painting was evaluated. In each of parts a case was evaluated. Cases review process include: dating represented architecture and dating Persian painting; evaluating validity of the painting as historical document; attention to features manuscript; evaluating purports of text and determining the general topics and themes; measure the degree of match with the reality of architecture by evidence; comparing the Persian painting and contemporaneous extant architecture or other Persian paintings same version or school; detecting architectural elements and details in painting, rereading represented architecture and interpreting it. Finally, expressive features Persian paintings in representation of Iranian architecture are presented. Briefly Persian paintings features in the expression of Islamic architecture include: the use of multiple simultaneous isometric perspective; illustrating simultaneously inside and outside the space; imaging asynchronous events in an image; refer the three-dimensional two-dimensional; representing walls up to ceiling indoor; equal importance floor and wall display; components with respect to total of real space; independence scale of building and the human's scale; remove walls to see them back; reduce distances and compact show to space; choose the smallest component of architectural space for illustrating while maintaining a whole room due to limited spaces in the painting; display main elements and display some minor elements; use a virtual frame as metonymy of the inside and outside architecture. In addition, review showed that the difference representation (painting) and reality (building) in known buildings was significant. Referring to other texts (paintings and architecture) and compare those (intertextuality) by methods of historical semantics and symbolic show social meaning of the represented architecture. Using Persian paintings and relying on evidence in other fields can be readout architecture, to pay (for example a house of Ilkhanid period was readout). Persian paintings can be as "cognitive maps" to examine and review aspects of environmental psychology concepts such as "personal space", "proximity ", and "territorial behavior". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Quasi-Analytical Solution of the Painleve Fuzzy Differential Equation
Mohammad Adabi tabar Ali Hosseinzadeh Bahram Agheli Samaneh mohamadzadeh farIn this paper, we consider the first-order Painleve differential equation, which variables and coefficients are real but are known boundary conditions and fuzzy numbers. The goal is to calculate the approximate answer for it. Given the boundary conditions fuzzy, it is o MoreIn this paper, we consider the first-order Painleve differential equation, which variables and coefficients are real but are known boundary conditions and fuzzy numbers. The goal is to calculate the approximate answer for it. Given the boundary conditions fuzzy, it is obvious that the approximate answer function must be a fuzzy function. For this purpose, first, by applying arithmetic on fuzzy data with three components of central index, left ambiguity and right ambiguity, it converts Painleve differential equation into three sets of differential equations (central index, left ambiguity and right ambiguity) with accurate data. do . Then, using the Tammy and Ansari (TAM) method, we calculate the approximate solution of each of the three transformed differential equations and arrive at the fuzzy approximate solution of the Painleve differential equation. Finally, by giving an example, we show the suitability of the method by calculating the error and convergence by finding the approximate solution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Investigating Effective Strategies for Proper Distribution of Narcotic Painkillers through Pharmacies
sajed nourouzi Seyed Ali SobhanianIntroduction: Narcotic analgesics are used to effectively relieve pain in some diseases. The use of these drugs with barriers such as lack of access as well as weak laws and regulations to prevent deviations in the use of these drugs has severely disrupted medical acces MoreIntroduction: Narcotic analgesics are used to effectively relieve pain in some diseases. The use of these drugs with barriers such as lack of access as well as weak laws and regulations to prevent deviations in the use of these drugs has severely disrupted medical access to these painkillers in various countries. The purpose of this study is to review and propose the method of distribution of these drugs through selected pharmacies.Methods: The statistical population in this study consisted of experts in the drug distribution system, which was selected by non-probable snowball sampling method. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to achieve this goal, using semi-structured interviews and distribution of questionnaires in person with these people were obtained and analyzed by the strategic planning model (SWOT).Findings: The results showed that cases such as reviewing regulatory laws for the production and distribution of narcotic drugs, changing the sales portfolio of these drugs in pharmacies for greater profitability, delegating the distribution of these drugs to private networks under the supervision of the Food and Drug Administration, proper distribution of Drugs in all pharmacies for better control of patients and their easier access to drugs, networking and recording information and records of patients and addicts in a comprehensive national system were obtained as a necessary solution to achieve the purpose of this study.Conclusion: The implementation of the findings of this study can be used as effective strategies for the proper distribution of narcotic analgesics through pharmacies in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Designing an analytical model of children's tourism attitude towards social development through intangible assets
Mahdi Karoubi Mahmood Ziaee Zohre MohammadiTaking qualitative steps from an early idea to the final results, this study reached a model design. The study sought to discover the perceived motivations of travel and tourism for children through their perceived interests and benefits in their past best travels. The MoreTaking qualitative steps from an early idea to the final results, this study reached a model design. The study sought to discover the perceived motivations of travel and tourism for children through their perceived interests and benefits in their past best travels. The data collection method is a combination of children's thematic painting and a short interview about describing the painting in their own language. The paintings and the text of the interviews were analyzed with thematic content analysis. Children aged 9-12 years old girls and boys were studied in four areas of 1, 3, 4, and 12 in Tehran. Also, the sample was distributed in public and private schools in each district. Totally, 107 paintings were analyzed. The analytical model of children's drawing was designed and applied in a descriptive phase and three analytical phases. The analysis of children's paintings provides an insight into their perception and orientation towards tourism and is an innovative start for research with children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Hick’s Theodicy and Criticism of Davis and Davies
Akram KhaliliThe theodicy of John Hick under the name of “Soul-Making” is one ofthe famous solutions to the problem of evil. It has been borrowed fromIrenaeus. Hick believes that God has created a lot of evils in this worldand Man in dealing with life and world’s e MoreThe theodicy of John Hick under the name of “Soul-Making” is one ofthe famous solutions to the problem of evil. It has been borrowed fromIrenaeus. Hick believes that God has created a lot of evils in this worldand Man in dealing with life and world’s evils, has attained goodnessby confronting with them and becomes like Jesus. Hick’s opinion hasbeen criticized by two contemporary philosophers; Stephen T. Davisand Brian Davis. They say that Hick is not right. In fact, they say that ifman becomes more spiritual and moral entity during the process of life,consequently, modern people must be more spiritual and moral thantheir ancestors, but this has never been true. And again some sufferings,in other words disteleological sufferings, not only do they have anyuseful effect, but, on the contrary they have opposite result. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Effect of Red Algae ethanolic extract and its possible neural interactions on formalin-induced pain in mice
مهسا Mahsa Amireghbal KhajehRahimi Shahin HassanpourDue to the side effects of chemical drugs in pain relief, the use of herbal medicines is increasing. Red algae have antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor, and antimicrobial properties. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Red Algae ethanolic MoreDue to the side effects of chemical drugs in pain relief, the use of herbal medicines is increasing. Red algae have antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor, and antimicrobial properties. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Red Algae ethanolic extract and its possible neural interactions on formalin-induced pain in mice. 125 adult male mice allocated in 6 experiments. In the first experiment, mice were injected intraperitoneally with saline, red algae extract (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg), and morphine (5 mg/kg). In the second experiment, mice received intraperitoneal injections of saline, red algae extract (10 mg/kg), naloxone (non-selective opioid antagonist, 2 mg/kg), and naloxone + red algae extract. Experiments 4 to 6 were similar to the second experiment but injected with flumazenil (non-selective GABA receptor antagonist, 5 mg/kg), cyproheptadine (non-selective serotonin receptor antagonist, 2 mg/kg), chlorpheniramine (histamine H1receptors antagonist, 20 mg/kg) and cimetidine (histamine H2receptors antagonist, 12.5 mg/kg) were used instead of naloxone. After 30 minutes, subcutaneous injection of formaldehyde was performed on the plantar surface of the right foot, and the time of licking, chewing, and biting (Licking Time) was measured. According to the results, morphine significantly reduced pain time compared to the control group (P<0.05). Red algae extract in a dose-dependent manner reduced pain compared to the control group (P<0.05). Injection of naloxone + red algae extract significantly reduced the analgesic effects of red algae extract compared to the group of red algae extract (P<0.05). Flumazenil + red algae extract significantly reduced the analgesic effects of red algae extract (P<0.05). Injection of cyproheptadine + red algae extract significantly enhanced the analgesic effects of red algae extract (P<0.05). Injection of chlorpheniramine + red algae extract significantly reduced the analgesic effects of red algae extract (P<0.05). The results showed that the analgesic effects of red algae are mediated by opioidergic, serotonergic, GABAergic and histaminergic pathways. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Inhibition of inflammatory pain induced by formalin test by quercetin: role of opioidergic, nitric oxide and histaminergic pathways in mice
شاهین Hassanpour سارا Zahedi امیر حسام SarfiThe present study was conducted in order to investigate the role of opioidergic, nitric oxide and histaminergic pathways in pain inhibition by quercetin in mice. 85 male mice were randomly evaluated in 5 experimental phases with four groups and 5 repetitions in each gro MoreThe present study was conducted in order to investigate the role of opioidergic, nitric oxide and histaminergic pathways in pain inhibition by quercetin in mice. 85 male mice were randomly evaluated in 5 experimental phases with four groups and 5 repetitions in each group. In experiment 1, in order to investigate the analgesic effects of quercetin, the first group as a control, the second to fourth groups received levels of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg of quercetin, respectively, and the fifth group received morphine (5 mg/kg). After determining the effective level of quercetin, the experiments of the second to fourth stages were designed and implemented. In the second experiment, experimental groups included control, injection of quercetin (150 mg/kg), naloxone (non-selective antagonist of opioid receptors, 2 mg/kg) and combined administration of quercetin (150 mg/kg) with naloxone (2 mg/kg). In third and fourth experiments, L-NAME (nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor, 10 mg/kg) and cyproheptadine (non-selective antagonist of histamine receptors, 4 mg/kg) were used instead of naloxone. Then the formalin test was performed by injecting it into the sole of the right foot and the duration of pain (time of licking and biting the injected foot) was measured in time periods of 0-5 minutes (first phase) and 15-30 minutes (second phase). According to the results, injection of different levels of quercetin significantly reduced pain time (P<0.05). Co-injection of naloxone or L-NAME plus quercetin significantly reduced the analgesic effects of quercetin (P<0.05). The results showed that quercetin has analgesic properties and this effect is mediated through the nitrergic and opioidergic pathways in mice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Separation of alumina from the paint sludge of automotive industry by leaching method
Mostafa Khezri Fateme AbdollahPaint sludge of automotive industries, due to having heavy metals, unbaked polymers, organic andinorganic pollutants, has been classified as a hazardous waste. For this reason, its proper disposal isfaced with many problems. Various methods yet have been developed by th MorePaint sludge of automotive industries, due to having heavy metals, unbaked polymers, organic andinorganic pollutants, has been classified as a hazardous waste. For this reason, its proper disposal isfaced with many problems. Various methods yet have been developed by the great automobilecompanies of the world to reduce the environmental impacts of paint sludge. One of the effective aneconomical methods for reduction of pollution is separation of heavy metals from paint sludge. Thepresent study was carried out to investigate the pollution of paint sludge from automotive industry, toreduce its pollution to environmental standard levels, and to recover alumina from the paint sludgethrough leaching method. After XRD and XRF tests on paint sludge, it was found that the amount ofalumina is relatively high. Separation of alumina was considered because of its economic value andvarious applications in different industries. After utilizing the common separation methods, it wasrevealed that by optimizing the parameters such as temperature, sludge particle size, and sulfuric acidconcentration through the leaching method, about 70% of alumina can be recovered Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Waste Minimization Management System in Paint Industries Case study: Rang Afarin Paint Factory
Jafar Nouri Leila Ramezani Reza Arjmandi Mostafa KhezriThere are significant amount of disposable wastes in paint industries which mostly are hazardouswastes. Problems such as high cost of wastes treatment, safe disposal, reducing and controlling theenvironmental pollutions caused the waste minimization be a super priority MoreThere are significant amount of disposable wastes in paint industries which mostly are hazardouswastes. Problems such as high cost of wastes treatment, safe disposal, reducing and controlling theenvironmental pollutions caused the waste minimization be a super priority in these industries. Theaim of this paper was case study of waste minimization management system in a paint factory.According to above items, sources of wastes in the factory identified and waste minimization optionsincluding Source reduction, Recycling, Recovery and Reuse of wastes were suggested.The wastage of raw materials, water and power were also studied and management approaches wereadvised. Providing a flow diagram as waste minimization management system for paint industries isthe most important achievement of this paper. Performed researches in this study showed that using ofsuggested waste minimization options and approaches in the plant would reduce consumption of rawmaterials up to 0.15% ,power up to 12%,water up to 15% and waste generation up to 20%.Thesefindings equal to saving 175 million Ir.Rials per year in operational costs. Thus implementation ofwaste minimization methods and techniques in industries is a cost effective process which results bothenvironment benefit and factory owners. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Pollutants of Painting Process in Automotive Industry "Case study: Paint Shop of Saipa Automotive Industry"
Seid Mostafa Khezri Azadeh Akhavan Bloorchian Seid Masoud Monavari Farideh AttabiProduced paint sludge of automotive Industry has heavy metals and because of this, has high pollutionpotential. Incorrect Disposal of paint sludge led to kinds of environmental pollution. The object of thisInvestigation was identification of main pollutants of paint slu MoreProduced paint sludge of automotive Industry has heavy metals and because of this, has high pollutionpotential. Incorrect Disposal of paint sludge led to kinds of environmental pollution. The object of thisInvestigation was identification of main pollutants of paint sludge that can be database to presentingprofitable economic solution for recycling of that. For identifying elements and concentration of paintsludge, various tests have been carried out. These tests contains: XRF3, XRD4 and DTA5.Results proved existing heavy metal elements like copper (1.5 gr/lit), zinc (13.09 gr/lit), Aluminum(58.76 gr/lit), Magnesium (23.004 gr/lit), Titanium (32.68 gr/lit), Vanadium (0.9 gr/lit) and etc.Comparing with environmental Standards showed that most kind of these elements are out of standardranges and are noticeable pollutant elements. These results show the necessity of gaining solution forrecycling of paint sludge. Then, more research about this case for deleting or decreasing pollutions issuggested Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The Concept of Pain and Suffering in Ghadat alSamman and Forough Farrokhzad’s Poetry
Effat Naderinejad Mostafa GorjiPain and suffering are among the tragic aspects of life. Alongside with death, isolation, freedom, and guilt, they are part of the possible fate of all people. This problem is reflected in art and literature, especially feminist literature which should be analyzed indep MorePain and suffering are among the tragic aspects of life. Alongside with death, isolation, freedom, and guilt, they are part of the possible fate of all people. This problem is reflected in art and literature, especially feminist literature which should be analyzed independently. On the other hand, the comparison of various nations’ literature, authors, and genres helps one discover the nature and origins of universal and common human thoughts and emotions. Thus the researchers intend to evaluate and analyze the subject of pain and suffering in contemporary literature particularly in the works of two female poets, Ghada al-Samman and Forough Farrokhzad, as representatives of Arabic and Persian literature. This study approaches the concept and ontology of pain and suffering, respectively. Here, the Researchers attempt to categorize the concept of pain and suffering based on their nature, existence, purpose, and function in order to discover their possible causes and outlets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - A Comparative Study of the Relation between Pain and Suffering and Meaningfulness of Life from the Viewpoint of Rumi and John Hick
goodarz razani farajollah barati meysam amaniPain and suffering are one of the undeniable issues in every man’s life, and their sources, advantages and disadvantages are always under the question. In this study, taking advantage of both Rumis’s and John Hick’s special viewpoint and ideology, pain MorePain and suffering are one of the undeniable issues in every man’s life, and their sources, advantages and disadvantages are always under the question. In this study, taking advantage of both Rumis’s and John Hick’s special viewpoint and ideology, pain and both thinkers’ attitudes towards it, solutions, decreasing its practical impact, and giving meaning to life are discussed. At the end, it is proved that although Rumi and Hick are temporally and locally detached and have insignificant difference of viewpoints concerning issues such as human fall, they have a perfect attitude about pain and have fundamentally theoretical similarities in such a way that it can be said their thoughts are consistent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Concepts of Pain and Suffer in Al-Bayati and Kaiser Aminpour's Poetries
Naser Jafari Bahram DehqanAbd al-Wahhab Al-Bayati is a liberalism and anti – dictatorship poet. His poetries contain political and social concepts as well as his nostaligia to the past and mythical narration which express his era's suffocation. He states his people's sufferings in odes for MoreAbd al-Wahhab Al-Bayati is a liberalism and anti – dictatorship poet. His poetries contain political and social concepts as well as his nostaligia to the past and mythical narration which express his era's suffocation. He states his people's sufferings in odes form because he is afraid of the dominant fear and horror of the society which makes Al-Bayati to wear a mask called Sinbad. But Kaiser of Iran not only touches the bitter conditions and tasets but also versed poetries and accompanied his nation. This article aimes to express concepts of pain and suffering by two poets Abd al-Wahhab Al-Bayati and Kaiser Aminpour who witness their nations' resistance in analytical – descriptive and librarian method and by referring and surfing the internet websites. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - The relationship between the life style of Prosperous and suffering from the divine tradition of importation from the point of view of the Qur'an and Hadith
seyyed mohammad khatamin nezhad yadollah maleki Shir Mohammad Ali pour AbdoliLifestyle as a form of individual identity and a set of individual and social behavioral patterns from the distinctive semantic system that represents the individual worldview and the associated group of lifestyles.The lifestyle of the transcendental life, the beneficia MoreLifestyle as a form of individual identity and a set of individual and social behavioral patterns from the distinctive semantic system that represents the individual worldview and the associated group of lifestyles.The lifestyle of the transcendental life, the beneficiaries of many worldly blessings, shows that they have stepped in the valley of sin and door, while having various worldly blessings and they use godly blessings for the sake of pride, plurality, self -esteem, and humiliation.Divine States are the permanent and firm method of God in the recounting of religion and the efficient tool of guidance and education to achieve good or bad consequences in the world and in the hereafter, which can accurately understand these traditions can be a decisive role in human end.The purpose of the upcoming research is to explore the role of the lifestyle in their worldly end, using a qualitative method of analytical -descriptive type, with the help of the Qur'an and traditions, and with a look at the divine tradition.The most prominent result of this study is that the lifestyle and their way of dealing with the divine tradition play a decisive role in their unfortunate endowment in the world, and their punishment is not limited and unique to the Day of Resurrection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Manifestations of love and women in the Nizar Qabbani’s
Mohammadhadi Moradi Payam KarimiAbstract Nizar Qabbani is known among Arab poets as a poet of love and women. In fact these two words in the dictionary of Nizar go out of the framework of definitions and restrictions that make it into the department of the collector and the inhibitor. He tried hard t MoreAbstract Nizar Qabbani is known among Arab poets as a poet of love and women. In fact these two words in the dictionary of Nizar go out of the framework of definitions and restrictions that make it into the department of the collector and the inhibitor. He tried hard to find these adorable in this picturesque valley; but he did not know her way, however, may open doors to women. In the poems of our poet woman manifested in cases of multiple ways and images so that appear sometimes in the body that you may touch, and sometimes manifested in the form of beloved and sacred ideal that deserves love and adoration; The love manifested in the diverse meanings and mottos as physical joy, property, and pleasure, and over the property, and suicide, and the practice of death, and immortality, and jumping, and ... etc., so that we cannot limit Nizar’s muddledthought which is reflected in the special meaning of love; however, what we can say is that Nizar was carrying on his body the pain of society, and this is what is clearly reflected in his poems. He knocked on every door so that this issue shows, and then find solutions for it. In this research we tried to touch upon this topic in a concise and brief way. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Critical investigate of Mills utilitarianism
mojtaba jalilimoghadam hosein masoomAbstract Mill as a social reformer did not innovate Utilitarianism but he presented perennial interpretation from it and modified Bentams Utilitarianism which was under severe and vigorous critics. He responded a lot of query and revived the Utilitarianism.These reforma MoreAbstract Mill as a social reformer did not innovate Utilitarianism but he presented perennial interpretation from it and modified Bentams Utilitarianism which was under severe and vigorous critics. He responded a lot of query and revived the Utilitarianism.These reformations and innovations happened on priciples,purposes and interpretations but on occasions the reforms could not respond appropriately the critics,even the own reforomations and innovations made other critics. . In this essay I have endeavoured that deliberated Mills Utilitarianism and analysed his backgrounds,principles and purposes so that showed howmuch his modified Utilitarianism can solve the critics and resist against the critics. Mill as a social reformer did not innovate Utilitarianism but he presented perennial interpretation from it and modified Bentams Utilitarianism which was under severe and vigorous critics. He responded a lot of query and revived the Utilitarianism.These reformations and innovations happened on priciples,purposes and interpretations but on occasions the reforms could not respond appropriately the critics,even the own reforomations and innovations made other critics. . In this essay I have endeavoured that deliberated Mills Utilitarianism and analysed his backgrounds,principles and purposes so that showed howmuch his modified Utilitarianism can solve the critics and resist against the critics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Components of the Expressionism School in the Novel of Hamnavayi-e Shabane-ye Orkestr-e Chubha
Mojtaba DastjerdiAt the beginning of the twentieth century, the human worldview is undergoing transformations under the influence of the First World War, and subsequently the art of this age is also transformed. Human in this era, the human being is the dying and the mutilation and the MoreAt the beginning of the twentieth century, the human worldview is undergoing transformations under the influence of the First World War, and subsequently the art of this age is also transformed. Human in this era, the human being is the dying and the mutilation and the anxiety in his being shadowed. This process in art is Expressionism, which, as an artistic school, represents the state of the art and presents works of art that reveal differences with the works of earlier periods. This article attempts to explore the components of Expressionism school in romania in Hamnavayi-e Shabane-ye Orkestr-e Chubha by Reza Qasemi using library resources and descriptive-analytic methods to help better understand the expressive aspects of the story. Introducing more of this work as a different model in Persian novels. The results show that the author is from factors such as expression of fear, psychological problems, confusion, faiths and beliefs, Romance and dealing with such puzzles as prediction, creating a crisis of identity, distortion of reality, seduction, emphasis on dismembering the form, and neglecting the rules of writing, and using some of these components of the teachings of the expressionism school which has been implicated in playwriting, and in particular the expressionist cinema of Germany; The fear of death, the use of the capacity of dark spaces and lighting, the disturbance of the narrator's personality by his shadow, and its consequences that lead to problems such as self-destruction and the identity crisis; In addition, the footprint of the writer's half-way to the expressionist painting is also evident in the novel, which has a special effect on Qasemi's work. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Explaining the mystical atmosphere of Sama and combining it with the art of modern painting
neda bassari aziz hojajjaji kaijough Arash MoshfeghiIn creating a harmony between the atmosphere of mysticism and art, as the seeker as an intuition believes in his own views; The artist will also face such a situation in creating a novel work, and this success also requires achieving a fixed and beloved truth, which in MoreIn creating a harmony between the atmosphere of mysticism and art, as the seeker as an intuition believes in his own views; The artist will also face such a situation in creating a novel work, and this success also requires achieving a fixed and beloved truth, which in the creation of the work of art, the truth that has emerged in this field, has been manifested in the form of a painting. The refinement of the mystical concept of hearing and its morphology in the aesthetic elements of color and painting becomes more expressive when it deals with its combined course with modern painting, and this opportunity, which has been written in a descriptive-analytical method; It takes aesthetics to the point where a more practical axis can be presented. This research, with ideation mixed with the author's imagination and with the guidance of a painter to role his new thoughts and ideas, has been exhibited for the first time along with images that are the creation of the author's creative mind. The ultimate goal of this research is to claim that the artist painter can combine one of the traditions of conduct (hearing) which he has taken from Salaf painters; To depict nature by referring to the appearances of nature symbolically and by mixing religious colors, along with a mystical view of the origin and origin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The Simultaneity of Affection and Tribulation from the View point of Atar Neishaburi
H. Esmailie A. M. R. Manesh M. TadayonWhen we search the mystic literature, we reach at a central point called "affection". It is presumed that from the 6th century, the didactic poetry has been inseparable from that of the Mystic one. Attar believes in simultaneity of love and affection with tribulation. H MoreWhen we search the mystic literature, we reach at a central point called "affection". It is presumed that from the 6th century, the didactic poetry has been inseparable from that of the Mystic one. Attar believes in simultaneity of love and affection with tribulation. He believes that difficulties and tribulations have a constructing role in the perfection route, and sincere lover should recognize them and conduct well facing them. One of the salient features of Atar's poem style in his allegorical work, Manteque-ul- Teir, is his unique use of pain concept. He believes that pain is the motivating force for the wayfarer in the perfection route, and is the preparatory need for behavior. In this study having defined and clarified the meanings of "Affection" and "tribulation" the simultaneity of these two concepts in the works of Atar Neishaburi was studied and some expressions of simultaneity of affection and tribulation were mentioned. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Optimal Design of a Novel Two-Branch Spray Painting Robot for Prescribed Process Space
Meisam Vahabi Majid Ahi -
Open Access Article
28 - Health with hotness
Zorawar Singh -
Open Access Article
29 - Trials of phenanthrene opioids functionalization with hindered polycyclic carboxylic acids
Alessandro Venditti Ambra Pallotti Armandodoriano Bianco -
Open Access Article
30 - The Comparison of Anxiety Sensitivity and Coping Stress Strategies between Patients with Non-Cardiac Chest Pain, Cardiac Patients and Normal Subjects
nowshad ghasemiThe main propose of this study was to compare the anxiety sensitivity and coping stress strategies between patients with non-cardiac chest pain, cardiac disease and healthy individuals. An ex-post- facto design was used as the research design. The population included al MoreThe main propose of this study was to compare the anxiety sensitivity and coping stress strategies between patients with non-cardiac chest pain, cardiac disease and healthy individuals. An ex-post- facto design was used as the research design. The population included all patients with non-cardiac and cardiac chest pain who referred to Shiraz health centers in 2013. Subjects were 50 cardiac patients (28 females and 22 males), 50 patients with non-cardiac chest Pain (29 females and 21 males) and 50 people as normal matched group (27 female and 23 male) within 22 to 81 years old age range who were selected through purposive sampling method. The instruments for data collection consisted of Anxiety Sensitivity Index (Taylor & Cox, 1998), Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (Parker & Endler, 1990), and a researcher-made demographic information checklist. Then the data was analyzed with one way analysis of variance and chi square. Results indicated that both cardiac and non- cardiac chest pain patients significantly are lower than normal matched group in using problem solving coping strategies (P<0.01) and higher in using emotional (P<0.01) and avoidance coping strategies (P<0.05). Results also indicated that non-cardiac chest pain patients showed highest sensitivity to all 6 subscales and normal group showed lowest sensitivity. In this regard, patients with cardiac disease could stand between the two groups and both groups of patients were significantly different from the normal healthy group (P<0.05). As a conclusion, psychological variables such as anxiety sensitivity and coping stress strategies can predict pain frequency, severity and treatment seeking especially for patients with Non –cardiac chest pain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Predicting Job Stress On The Basis Of Coping Strategies, Spiritual Intelligence And Resilience In Employees With Chronic Pains In National Iranian South Oil Fields Company
Fatemeh Habibi sahar safarzadehThe aim of the current research was to predict job stress on the basis of coping strategies, spiritual intelligence and resilience in employees with chronic pains in national Iranian south oil fields company. The subjects were 130 employees whom were selected randomly b MoreThe aim of the current research was to predict job stress on the basis of coping strategies, spiritual intelligence and resilience in employees with chronic pains in national Iranian south oil fields company. The subjects were 130 employees whom were selected randomly by simple sampling procedure from the medical records available in the industrial medicine center with chronic pain diagnosis. To collect data Endler and Parket job stress questionnaire (1990), Abdulah-Zadeh et al. Spiritual intelligence scale (2008), Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003) and Job Stress (1990) were implemented. The results by regression analysis showed that problem solving, emotional and avoiding coping strategies respectively were good predictors for the criterion variable of job stress (p≤ 0.0001). Therefore by increasing proper and effective problem solving skills, job stress emerging especially in the employees suffering from chronic pain may be either decreased or the pain suffering could be kept under controlled. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Comparison of parenting skills in mothers with and without chronic pain
parisa moradikelardeh Vahid Sadeghi Firoozabadi mohsen dehghani mahmood heidariThe aim of this study was to investigate the differences parenting skills in mothers with chronic pain and healthy mothers. This study was causal-comparative and its statistical population was included all women referred to the Pain Clinic of Imam Hossein Hospital, Tehr MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the differences parenting skills in mothers with chronic pain and healthy mothers. This study was causal-comparative and its statistical population was included all women referred to the Pain Clinic of Imam Hossein Hospital, Tehran. Sixty-two mothers with chronic pain and Fifty-eight healthy mothers were evaluated by convenience sampling method and using Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (Frick, 1999) and Von Korff Questionnaire (Von Korff, 1990). The data were analyzed by analysis of variance. Statistical analysis showed that there is significant difference between mothers with chronic pain and healthy mothers in involvement, positive parenting, Inconsistent discipline and poor supervision (P<. /05), but there was no difference in punishment (P>./05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Predicting Emotional Uncertainty Based on Early Maladaptive Schemas and Emotional Expressions with the Mediating Role of Cognitive Flexibility in Patients with Chronic Pain
leili vakilian morteza tarkhan javad khalatbari AbstractThe purpose of this study was to predict Alexithymia. based on early maladaptive schemas and emotional expressiveness with the role of mediating cognitive flexibility in patients with chronic pain. The research method was correlational and path analysis st More AbstractThe purpose of this study was to predict Alexithymia. based on early maladaptive schemas and emotional expressiveness with the role of mediating cognitive flexibility in patients with chronic pain. The research method was correlational and path analysis studies. For this study, 300 patients with chronic pain referred to Tehran hospitals were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Participants completed the questionnaires of early maladaptive schemas Yang (1988), King's and Ammons emotional expressiveness (1990), Toronto Emotional Intelligence (1994), Tagizadeh and Nikkhah's Cognitive Flexibility (2015). Amos and SPSS software were used for data analysis. The results of path analysis showed that only the domains of disturbed constraints of 0.18 and other areas of orientation of 0.14 have a positive effect in explaining the variance of alexithymia (p <0.05). Emotional expression in explaining the variance of alexithymia by -0.27; Affects the mediating variable (cognitive flexibility) -0.44 (p <0.01). Finally, emotional expression with an impact factor of -0.31 has an indirect effect on alexithymia through cognitive flexibility (p <0.01). The results of this study can be used to reduce the level of alexithymia by correcting early maladaptive schemas, emotional expression and cognitive flexibility in patients with chronic pain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - The effect of therapeutic painting and play therapy on the creativity and behavioral problems of elementary school elementary school students
Syavash SHeykhalizadehThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of therapeutic painting and play therapy on the creativity and behavioral problems of elementary school students in Tabriz. This was a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test design with control group MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of therapeutic painting and play therapy on the creativity and behavioral problems of elementary school students in Tabriz. This was a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of this study was all students of primary school boys in Tabriz in the academic year of 2018-2019. Multi-stage random cluster sampling was used to select the sample. First, 4 districts were selected from the districts of Tabriz, and from the schools of that district, three primary schools were randomly selected, and from each of the three schools, 1 class was randomly selected, and then from knowledge. The selected school students were randomly assigned to 45 students in 3 groups, the first experimental painting (15 subjects), the second experimental group of experimental play therapy (15 subjects) and control (15 subjects). The subjects of the first experimental group underwent painting therapy for 10 sessions and the second experimental group underwent therapy for 10 sessions and did not receive any training in front of the control group. Research questionnaires including Creativity Scale (Abedi, 1993) and Behavioral Problems Scale (Rutter, 1976) were selected. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance and post-test. The results of this study showed that painting and therapeutic games have an effect on creativity and behavioral problems of students. Also, the results of post hoc test showed that painting therapy has a greater effect on creativity and game therapy on students' behavioral problems. According to the results, painting therapy and play therapy have been effective in improving creativity and reducing students' behavioral problems. As a result, it seems necessary to create the necessary grounds for holding painting therapy and play therapy sessions in schools, which can be effective in improving the psychological and educational status of these students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Role of Nostaligia Proneness, Mental Pain and Temporal Experience of Plaeasure in Perceived Stress Reactivity in Studens Experiencing Romantic Breakup
Azadeh FarghadaniThe aim of this study was to investigate the predictive contribution of nostalgia proneness, mental pain and temporal experience of pleasure in perceived stress reactivity. The research method was correlational and the research included all students with romantic breaku MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the predictive contribution of nostalgia proneness, mental pain and temporal experience of pleasure in perceived stress reactivity. The research method was correlational and the research included all students with romantic breakup at Saveh Islamic Azad University. From this community, 162 students with symptoms of love trauma were selected using purposive sampling method. They were asked to fill out the questionnaires of reactivity to perceived stress (Shulz, Jansen & Schlotz, 2006), nostalgia proneness (Havlena & Holak, 2006), mental pain (Orbach & Mikulincer (2003) and temporal experience of pleasure (Gard, 2006). Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation and stepwise regression. Findings indicated a negative role of confusion and emotional turmoil (dimensions of mental pain) in increasing reactivity to perceived stress (p<0.01) and a positive role of nostalgia proneness in reducing reactivity to perceived stress (p<0.01). Therefore, it can be seen that regardless of the negative role of the feeling of emptiness in intensifying people's reactions to stress, it is the past positive experiences and feelings that can, as a psychological source and support, improve people's conditions in stressful situations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Effects of Silymarin in Experimental Inflammatory Pain Induced by Formalin and Relation with Histaminergic System
Mitra Gholizade Nikpey1 Ali Mojtahedin Reza SeyedsharifiInroduction & Objective: The most common pain complaint of patients is one of the oldest forms of human problems.According to the therapeutic effects of medicinal plants,the effects of silymarin, an active ingredient of the Milk thistle, in an experimental model of infl MoreInroduction & Objective: The most common pain complaint of patients is one of the oldest forms of human problems.According to the therapeutic effects of medicinal plants,the effects of silymarin, an active ingredient of the Milk thistle, in an experimental model of inflammatory pain induced by formalin and examined its relationship with the histaminergic system.Material and Methods:In this study, 42 male Wistar rats were used.Animals were divided into 7 groups in each group 6 rats as follows: Group 1(Control): Normal Saline (i.p)+Formalin 1% (intraplantar), Group 2,3,4 and 5 Silymarin (50,100,200 and 400mg/kg, ip) respectively + Formalin 1%, Group 6: Ranitidine (20mg/kg, i.p) + Formalin 1%, Group 7: Ranitidine (20mg/kg, i.p) + Silymarin (200mg/kg, i.p) + Formalin 1%.Results: The results showed that intraplantar injection of formalin 1% significantly (PConclusion:The results revealed that silymarin produced antinociception effect in formalin induced pain and this effect probably will be down by interfering with the H2 histamine receptors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Evaluating the effect of different cryotherapy methods on postoperative pain in one-visit root canal treatment of mandibular molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis
Mahnaz sadat Hoseini Parisa Ranjbarian Amin Mortaheb Ebrahim Yousefi -
Open Access Article
38 - A Comparative Study of the Wall_Paintings of Imamzadehs and Churches in Isfahan.
Ailreza Mohamadi Milasi Farnoosh HedayatAfter moving Armenians to Isfahan, Shah Abbas I ordered to build churches for them so that they would adhere to the urban life in Isfahan. These churches, which were initially formed with the help of Iranian architects, had an Iranian taste. Most of the researchers who MoreAfter moving Armenians to Isfahan, Shah Abbas I ordered to build churches for them so that they would adhere to the urban life in Isfahan. These churches, which were initially formed with the help of Iranian architects, had an Iranian taste. Most of the researchers who have written about the churches of Isfahan's New Jolfa have relied on the fact that the architecture of Isfahan's churches is Iranian. The main goal of this article is to compare the paintings of Imamzadehs and churches in Isfahan, remained from late Qajar era, in terms of theme, structure, image and relationship with the environment. The research question is “what effect did the painting of churches have on the wall paintings of Imamzadehs in the late Qajar era?” This study is library and field-based to collect the data, descriptive-analytical and comparative in terms of methodology. It attempts to find the similarities and differences of the tone and shape of the wall paintings of the churches and imamzadehs of Isfahan as one of the manifestations of sacred art in terms of concept and expression according to the characteristics related to their roles. The findings of the research show that the subject of Imamzadeh's paintings are pictorial narratives of the favorite themes of Iranian Shia people. The blessed images of the Prophet Muhammad, the Imams, the visual narration of the Ashura incident, are all clear examples of the interests and beliefs of every Muslim who enters a place like Imamzadeh. The subject of the paintings on the walls of the New Jolfa churches in Isfahan is generally the sufferings of Christ and his relatives and other religious traditions mixed with people's beliefs. In the imamzadehs of Isfahan, the religious stories and sufferings of the imams have been depicted mixed with folk beliefs, and the composition, colors and icons have been influenced by the churches. The execution of painting and the work materials of the painters have been almost common in both. Despite the similarities, the painting of churches has been a state art in a sense, but none of the creators of imamzadeh wall paintings were related to the ruling class, and this issue is very influential in the execution and richness of the work. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Revisiting Identity and the Formation of the Third Space in Contemporary Art of Isfahan, with an Emphasis on the Theory of the Third Space by Homi Bhabha (Case Study: Works by Hossein Tahvilian, Mohammad Khalili, Seyed Mahmoud Hosseini, and Mehdi Hamedi)
Seyed Mahmood Hosseini Dehmiri Hossein Tahvilian Mohammad KhaliliThe art of painting in Isfahan has a historical background dating back to cave dwellings in this region, playing a significant role in the evolution of Iranian painting and maintaining its structure throughout governmental changes. Isfahan's geographical location, situa MoreThe art of painting in Isfahan has a historical background dating back to cave dwellings in this region, playing a significant role in the evolution of Iranian painting and maintaining its structure throughout governmental changes. Isfahan's geographical location, situated in the center of Iran, has provided Iranian artists with the opportunity to engage with both Eastern and Western transformations. This characteristic, coupled with the migration and establishment of art universities in Iran, has had a profound impact on cultural and artistic relationships, leading to innovative movements in contemporary Isfahan painting. Drawing on the concept of hybridity and the third space, Homi Bhabha effectively describes the formation of this space in postcolonial critique and emphasizes its significance in generating new cultural and artistic interactions. One of the key factors contributing to the creation of such a space in contemporary Isfahan painting is the presence of migrant artists and graduates from art universities in other cities who have contributed to the emergence of a new visual space in Isfahan's art scene. This article aims to review the identity and formation of the third space in contemporary painting in Isfahan, with a focus on Homi Bhabha's theory. The central question of this research is: What impact have immigrant artists had on the reinterpretation of identity and the formation of the third space in Isfahan's contemporary painting? The research methodology employed is primarily a combination of a fundamental-applicative approach in terms of its objective and a descriptive-analytical approach in terms of its nature. The sampling method utilized is purposeful, involving the selection of four artists who have studied both in Tehran and in universities and schools in Isfahan, particularly in the field of painting. The research findings demonstrate that immigrant artists in Isfahan have successfully contributed to the creation of a new intercultural space within the city, closely aligning with Homi Bhabha's conceptualization of the third space. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Concept Of Pain from Attar’s Viewpoint
Korus Karim PasandiOne of the significant subjects visible in Attar’s works is the subject of pain. Attar introduces pain as the human leader, awakener of the spirit and generator. On the contrary, he considers painlessness as the cause of the egoism, ignorance and unawareness. This artic MoreOne of the significant subjects visible in Attar’s works is the subject of pain. Attar introduces pain as the human leader, awakener of the spirit and generator. On the contrary, he considers painlessness as the cause of the egoism, ignorance and unawareness. This article is a glance at designing the subject of pain in the Attar’s works and a movement or circulation in the deliberative hints by this great gnostic regarding pain and its significance, kinds of pain , pain healing factors, benefits and effects of pain , outcomes of painlessness , and that the human beings must have pain and grief inside so that they could be guided toward the final destination. It is hoped that following Attar’s high spiritual thoughts could cure the pain of the contemporary people who are painless and could open the door of rescue and salvation for human being. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - The Event of Qadir Khom and Theological Aspects in Safavid Paintings
mahnaz shaystefarFrom the point of view of Shiites and Shiite commentators, the event of Qadir Khom and the announcement of the succession of Imam Ali (PBUH) by the Holy Prophet (PBUH) is one of the greatest historical events of the beginning of Islam and beholds a special position part MoreFrom the point of view of Shiites and Shiite commentators, the event of Qadir Khom and the announcement of the succession of Imam Ali (PBUH) by the Holy Prophet (PBUH) is one of the greatest historical events of the beginning of Islam and beholds a special position particularly to substantiate the legitimacy of Amir al-Momenin (PBUH). Among the explanations of the hadith and the narration of Qadir Khom many references have been made to the verses revealed by God in this regard, including the verse of “Tabliq” and the verse of “Akmal”. This event has received exceptional responses due to its prominence and position among Shiites in various fields of art, society, politics and also in the daily life of Muslims. In the meantime, Islamic-Iranian painting has provided the painters with an opportunity to portray and display various stories and themes, specifically sacred and religious themes. Qadir Khom is one of the themes that has been written and illustrated by the order of Shiite and religious rulers and supporters. Most of the paintings obtained from this subject belong to the Safavid manuscripts that follow a unique Shiite approach. Such artworks include the works of Al-Baqiyah, Habib al-Sir, Fal-nameh, the works of Al-Muzaffar, Ahsan al-Kabar, Rozat al-Safa, the attack of Heydari, and the paintings of Master Farshchian. Most of the handwritten drawings from this copy display the event with almost the same description and interpretation of the Qadir hadith in Dasht-e Farakh, nevertheless a number of the drawings behold diverse symbols and concepts; furthermore, they demonstrate the dignity of the Imam's guardianship according to the hadiths, narrations and verses of the holy Qur'an. This article, considering the dignity and status of Imam Ali's (PBUH) guardianship has explained and examined the event of Qadir Khomin the paintings and samples obtained. Research Objectives: 1- Recognizing the dignity and position of Imam Ali (PBUH) in the holy Qur'an and its manifestation in art. 2- Examining Qadir Khom narration in the works of Islamic painting. Research Questions: 1- How many works and manuscripts and with what perspective have depicted the Qadir Khom incident? 2- In what form and approach have such paintings expressed the narration of Ghadir and the guardianship of Imam Ali (PBUH) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - The Mystical Symbol of Light and Color in Gothic Paintings and Architecture
Peyman Alizadeh oskooii Ismail BaniArdalan Kamran Afshar mohajer Mohamad reza Sharifzadeh Mohamad javad SafianMysticism entails insight in the Absolute, insight in his names, traits, and expressions. All names of Allah, such as Jamil, Badie, Mosavar, etc. are tied with art and aesthetics. Color is the expression of pluralism in unity. Light, per se, is a symbol of unity b MoreMysticism entails insight in the Absolute, insight in his names, traits, and expressions. All names of Allah, such as Jamil, Badie, Mosavar, etc. are tied with art and aesthetics. Color is the expression of pluralism in unity. Light, per se, is a symbol of unity but it is embodied by color and color acts as a media for expression and emergence of light. Colors signify a specific meaning in the realm of art. For instance, green implies a divine mystical state but white is the symbol of Absoluteness. Goethic architecture seeks to create mysterious spaces through a combination of lights, shadows, and bright colors, so that the sacredness of that space is immadiately perceived. Present study attempts to examine the application of light and color in Goethic architecture and paintings. It is of descriptive-analytical type. Data is gathered through inductive reasoning and librarian method. Research findings show that Goethic architecture and painting imbued with religious concepts makes an attempt to embody God embeded in mysterious spaces through a combination of lights and colors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Epistemology of the Concepts of Pain and Pleasure in Faiz Kashani’s Lyrics
Mohammad Yusef Pour Mousa Kouros Karimpasandi Ahmad Karimi Seyed Hassan Seyed TorabiOne of the prominent categories in the divan of Faiz Kashani , is the concept of pain and pleasure.Faiz, regards the transcendental and sublime pain as the transformation conversion and sublimation of physical attributes into spiritual attributes, which make it an inter MoreOne of the prominent categories in the divan of Faiz Kashani , is the concept of pain and pleasure.Faiz, regards the transcendental and sublime pain as the transformation conversion and sublimation of physical attributes into spiritual attributes, which make it an internal flourishing and perfection of man kind.On the contrary , and gesia and virtual enjoys cause the mental and psychological imbalance, the bandit of remaining pleasures and ultimately causes the ruin, and waste of life.This article deals with the cincept of pain and pleasure in the Divan of Faiz Kashani , and also a course in the epostemic decoding of pained mystic about the importance of pain in path, the source of pain and pleasure, all sorts of pain and pleasure and Etc, and that human beings, through the rejection of the pain of the downfall, and the virtual and wordly pleasures,must bring real pain and burning within, to achieve true and lasting pleasure, which is the pleasure of joining and meeting God. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Analysis of Abdolsamad's allegorical paintings in Shahnameh
Effat Mohammadi Nayyer TahoriAllegory is one of the most prominent rhetorical styles in Persian literature of Iran and it can be said that allegory is also considered a method of storytelling and narration that includes a non-fiction theme with a cover of narrative elements and gives it a narrative MoreAllegory is one of the most prominent rhetorical styles in Persian literature of Iran and it can be said that allegory is also considered a method of storytelling and narration that includes a non-fiction theme with a cover of narrative elements and gives it a narrative form. Abdolsamad's paintings, which in the beginning were directly used and taken from the traditions of Iranian painting and the Tabriz school, have gradually tended towards a kind of realism, and his recent works indicate a powerful realistic approach. The purpose of this study is to analyze the allegorical drawings of Abdolsamad in Shahnameh. The method of this descriptive-analytical research and a number of drawings in the style of Iran and India have been studied. The results showed that despite the presence of artists such as Abdolsamad, the Gurkhani school was invented and reached maturity and prosperity. The use of allegory has played a role and has taken into account the specific rules and traditions of painting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - The Effectiveness of Compassion-based Therapy on Marital Intimacy, Quality of Life, and Chronic Pain of Women Affected by Marital Infidelity
Seyed Mojtaba Aghili Samira Niyazi Ensiyeh BabaeeThis research was aimed to determine the effectiveness of compassion-based therapy on marital intimacy, quality of life, and chronic pain of women affected by marital infidelity in Minodasht city. The statistical population included all the married women affected by spo MoreThis research was aimed to determine the effectiveness of compassion-based therapy on marital intimacy, quality of life, and chronic pain of women affected by marital infidelity in Minodasht city. The statistical population included all the married women affected by spouse infidelity who referred to counseling centers and psychological service clinics of Minodasht Welfare Department in the period of November to December 2022. Thirty women were selected by purposive sampling and they were randomly assigned in two experimental and control groups (15 subjects in each group). The present study was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a follow-up phase. The experimental group underwent eight 60 minutes’ sessions of compassion-based therapy based on the protocol of Tirch et al. (2014). The follow-up was conducted three months after the termination of the post-test. Data was collected by implementing Thompson and Walker's (1983) Marital Intimacy Scale, Warr et al.'s Quality of Life Questionnaire (1993) and McGill's Chronic Pain Questionnaire (1975). The research data was analyzed by repeated measure analysis of variance test. The results showed that the treatment based on compassion on marital intimacy (F=14.763, P<0.000), quality of life (F=13.852, P<0.000) and chronic pain (F=455.626, P<0.000) of women affected by marital infidelity were effective and these results were permanent until the follow-up period. The results also indicated that compassion-based therapy had an effect on increasing marital intimacy, quality of life, and reducing the chronic pain of women affected by marital infidelity by creating an atmosphere of empathy and kindness towards oneself. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Surveying Social Status Of Women According To Veil Alteration Process In Safavid Paintings
عابد Taghavi S. M. MousaviPresent research studied women social role and status in Safavid era on the basis of veil alteration process through descriptive-historical analysis approach. This paper administrated historical sources and comparative method. The results indicated that women veil in Sa MorePresent research studied women social role and status in Safavid era on the basis of veil alteration process through descriptive-historical analysis approach. This paper administrated historical sources and comparative method. The results indicated that women veil in Safavid era was considered as a part of social class identity. It was defined according to Shah Inclination and imposed as a norm for the women in imperial court, while others social classes’ women worn veil according to their religious and ethics beliefs. They had prospered liberty in veil wearing selection compared to other women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - EMG Biofeedback Treatment Efficacy In Reducing Pain In Women With Primary Dysmenorrhea
Zahra Emarloo Fatemeh HajiarbabiDysmenorrhea or painful periods is one of the problems of women in childbearing age which has negative effects on their individual and social health. It is one of the most important reasons for going to doctor and generally affects the quality of life in childbearing ag MoreDysmenorrhea or painful periods is one of the problems of women in childbearing age which has negative effects on their individual and social health. It is one of the most important reasons for going to doctor and generally affects the quality of life in childbearing age. The goal of this research was to study the effectiveness of EMG biofeedback in curing primary Dysmenorrhea. This research was a quasi-experimental design. Statistical population of this study was all of the patients who had experienced the primary Dysmenorrhea and had been visited in Hakim and Qamar Bani Hashem hospitals in Neyshabour in spring 1394. The sampling method was convenience one. The samples were selected by Verbal Multi Dimension Scale (VMDS). The patients in 6 sessions and in the first three days of the period time were cured by EMG biofeedback and were trained progressive relaxation. In this study, the data were collected by Biofeedback device output and West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory (WHYMPI) implementation. Data was analyzed by ANCOVA method. The results showed reducing of pain in patients with primary Dysmenorrhea (p-value <0/05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Synthesis and Application of Heterocyclic as ultraviolet Absorbers
Mahdieh Entezari Ebtesam Tohidi nejad Aida Hafezi Mostafa Afrasiabi -
Open Access Article
49 - Investigating the use of TiO2 and TiO2 microparticles waterproofed with nanotechnology in epoxy paint composite coatings on X52 steel
Amir Kazemi Ahmad Menshi Mehdi BoroujerdniaIn this research, two types of composite coatings based on epoxy paint reinforced by TiO2 nano and micro particles and TiO2 particles hydrophobicized by polysiloxane were prepared separately with concentrations of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% by weight to improve the properties of MoreIn this research, two types of composite coatings based on epoxy paint reinforced by TiO2 nano and micro particles and TiO2 particles hydrophobicized by polysiloxane were prepared separately with concentrations of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% by weight to improve the properties of epoxy paint. and in order to investigate their behavior, they were applied on API 5L X52 steel and then their properties were investigated by conducting corrosion and wear tests. The thickness of the coatings was checked by a digital thickness gauge. The corrosion resistance behavior of the coatings was evaluated using the polarization method in 3.5% NaCl solution. The results of the corrosion test showed that by adding and increasing the concentration of reinforcing particles in the coatings, the corrosion resistance was improved, and also the composite coating of epoxy paint with 5% by weight of the hydrophobic TiO2 reinforcement showed better corrosion resistance than other samples. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with EDX was used to examine the morphological properties of the surface. In order to check the dispersion of micro particles in the field of coating, Map analysis was taken from the samples. The results obtained from Map analysis have shown the appropriate and uniform distribution of hydrophobic particles in the field of epoxy coating. The wear resistance of the coatings was performed by the bullet test machine on the disc. The results of the abrasion test showed that by adding and increasing the concentration of reinforcing particles in the coating, the abrasion resistance of the coating increased, but by comparing the epoxy composite samples, it was found that the hydrophobicity of the reinforcing particles had no effect on the abrasion resistance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Effectiveness of Music and Painting Training on Increasing Creativity and Reducing Aggression and in Preschool Pupils in Hamedan city
Mina Boroujerdi Hasan Asadzadeh Masod Hejazi Gholam Hossein Entesar FoumanyObjective: Considering the high prevalence of aggression in preschool and the important role of creativity and the negative effect in this period The aim of present research is to determine the effectiveness of music and painting training on increasing creativity and MoreObjective: Considering the high prevalence of aggression in preschool and the important role of creativity and the negative effect in this period The aim of present research is to determine the effectiveness of music and painting training on increasing creativity and reducing aggression in preschool students in Hamedan. Methods: This research is quasi- experimental with Pre-test and post-test with control group design. The statistical populations under this study consisted of all pre-school students in Hamedan in 1965-96 (N = 14366). The sample size was 30 students of preschool girl (15) and boy (15) who were selected by random sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups of control and test. The experimental group were trained for painting instruction for 10 sessions, and the control group did not receive any training. The data collection tool was questionnaire of 43 questions about preschool children aggression and Torrance creative thinking scale.The data was analyzed through statistical tests variance and multivariate covariance, Findings: The results of covariance analysis also showed that painting training significantly affected aggression (p < 0/001) and creativity p < 0/001) of preschool students. And music training significantly affected aggression (p < 0/001) and creativity p < 0/001) of preschool students. However, there was no significant difference between painting teaching and music teaching in decreasing aggression and increasing creativity. Discussion :Painting and music training through expressing thoughts and feelings and enhancing flexural and fluidity skills has reduced aggression and improved creativity in preschool children. As a result, it can be used as an effective teaching method for preschool children Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Investigating the roll of synectics teaching pattern on art creativity and its differences between girls and boys
Beheshteh Nioosha Azar Pakdaman Zahra Ovaysi Background: Synectics teaching pattern is a method which motivates learners to create and present new and creative ideas .This method gives one the opportunity to study possible means for expressing one`s self and utilize new methods for s More Background: Synectics teaching pattern is a method which motivates learners to create and present new and creative ideas .This method gives one the opportunity to study possible means for expressing one`s self and utilize new methods for solving problems. Purpose: The present research was designed to study the roll of synectics teaching pattern on creativity and academic performance of the fourth grade primary school art students. Method: For this purpose 60 students (30 girls and 30 boys) of fourth grade primary school in Tehran were selected. This research was a quasi-experiment with pretest and post test with control group in both genders, which the experimental groups were selected by accessible sampling and control groups were selected randomly. For gathering information, Torrance`s creativity test (form B) were used. Data of this research analyzed by use of ANCOVA, and independent t test. Result (s): Results showed that synectics teaching pattern is effective on creativity and Academic performance of female and male students in painting. Also the synectics teaching pattern did not differ significantly on creativity components of Torrance test including: fluency, flexibility, originality, elaboration in boys and girls. Of course even though creativity scores of girls in art were more than boys, but this increase were about the same in two genders. Conclusion: .Synetics is a suitable method for developing Art creativity but it affects both genders equally. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Evaluation the Effectiveness of Painting Therapy to Creativity and Social Maturity of 4-6-Year-Old Kids
Mandana Rokni Ali Zadeh Mohamadi Shokouh NavabinejadAbstract Background: Due to the importance of creativity and social maturity and since one of the growth backgrounds in childhood is painting, it can be used for improvement of creativity and children relationships. Purpose: The main aim of this study is evaluation the MoreAbstract Background: Due to the importance of creativity and social maturity and since one of the growth backgrounds in childhood is painting, it can be used for improvement of creativity and children relationships. Purpose: The main aim of this study is evaluation the effectiveness of painting therapy to creativity and social maturity of 4-6 year old kids. Method: The method in this study is semi-experimental and sampling has been done randomly. 30 children were replaced in experimental and control groups. Both groups received Torrance Test of Creativity and Vinland Test of Social Maturity. After performing 12 sessions of group painting therapy on experimental group, creativity and social maturity of both groups were determined again. Results: The results showed that painting therapy has meaningful effect on creativity (originality, fluency, flexibility) and social maturity of 4-6 year old kids (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Painting therapy is an attractive approach on improvement of creativity (originality, fluency, flexibility) and social maturity of 4-6 year old kids. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Evaluation and Comparison of the Effectiveness of Intensive and Short-Term Psychotherapy and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on the Mental Pain of Earthquake Victims of Sir Paul Zahab City
Afshin Safarnia Vahid Ahmadi shahram mamiThe purpose of this study was to compare and compare the effectiveness of short-term intensive psychotherapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the mental pain of earthquake victims in Sar Paul Zahab in 1398. The study population consisted of earthquake-stricken MoreThe purpose of this study was to compare and compare the effectiveness of short-term intensive psychotherapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the mental pain of earthquake victims in Sar Paul Zahab in 1398. The study population consisted of earthquake-stricken women in Sar-e-Pol city who referred to counseling clinic of Sar-e-Pol-e-zahb city in 1398. 45 women were selected by convenience sampling method. One control group and two experimental groups were replaced by a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with control group. Intensive and short-term psychotherapy sessions and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy were administered to the two experimental groups during 9 weeks. At the end, three post-test groups were taken. The research tools were: Orbach & Miklinsler Mental Pain Questionnaire (OMMP) (2003). Covariance analysis test was used for inferential analysis of data. The results showed that both intensive and short-term psychotherapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy are effective on the mental pain of earthquake victims and between intensive and short-term psychotherapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. There was no significant difference in the effectiveness of the earthquake on mental pain. (p <0/5). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Effectiveness of Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy Chronic Pain Management on Psycho-Social Function in Women with Breast Cancer
Abdolhassan FarhangiPurpose: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness- based cognitive therapy for controlling chronic pain, psychosocial functioning in women with breast cancer. Methodology: research was carried out in a semi-experimental design with pretest-post-tes MorePurpose: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness- based cognitive therapy for controlling chronic pain, psychosocial functioning in women with breast cancer. Methodology: research was carried out in a semi-experimental design with pretest-post-test design. The statistical population of this study was womens with breast cancer( 3100 persons) who were referred for treatment in teyr 7 hospital in 1397 and they were identified by 30 available sampling method. To this end, 30 patients with breast cancer were selected in the form of a quasi-experimental design with the control group, using convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to both groups of experiment(15persons) and control(15persons) . The instrument of this study was Chronological Pain Rating (CPQ), Van Kurov, Dorkin and Lirisk (1992), and Short Form Health Survey ( SF-36,1992) . in the experimental group, eight sessions of the mindfulness therapy. To collect information through questionnaires, a post-test was performed. Data were analyzed by covariance test(MANCOVA). Findings: the results showed that the experimental and control groups in the post-test scores of psychosocial functioning there was significant difference statistically(p<0/05). the psychosocial function of women with breast cancer was increased and the research hypothesis was confirmed. Therefore mindfulness therapy on mental health, emotional role, social functioning, vitality and chronic pain in women with breast cancer treatment is effective.emphasis on systematic training for awarensss of thoughts,emotions and sensations. in.The.Moment cause that De.centred realationship to be created. Conclusion: Results from the investigation demonstrate that “Mindfulness therapy for pain management” can enhanced the psychosocial function of patients with breast cancer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - The Effectiveness of Painting Therapy on Self-Efficacy and Quality of Life of Female Students with Reading Disorder
Leila Mansouri Somayeh Roshannia Fereidoun ShakibaniaPurpose: The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of painting therapy on self-efficacy and quality of life of female students with reading disorders. Methodology: The research method of this study is a semi-experimental type of pre-test-post-te MorePurpose: The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of painting therapy on self-efficacy and quality of life of female students with reading disorders. Methodology: The research method of this study is a semi-experimental type of pre-test-post-test with the control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of all female fifth- and sixth-grade elementary school students in Khoram Abad city in the academic year of 2021-2022. Then 30 people with reading disorder were selected through random multi-stage cluster sampling and were assigned randomly to two groups (15 people in each group). The experimental groups received painting therapy for eight 60-minute sessions. The instruments used in this study were the self-efficacy questionnaire (Sherer et al, 1982) and the quality of life questionnaires )Ware et al, 1996). The data was done using covariance analysis tests. Finding: The results showed a significant increase in painting therapy on the self-efficacy of the subjects in the experimental group (p<0/001), but no significant effect was observed on the quality of life (p<0/63). Conclusion: Based on the result we can say that painting therapy is an effective way in improving self-efficacy in students with reading disorders. Keywords: Painting therapy, Self-efficacy, Quality of Life, Reading Disorders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Drug Therapy and a Combination of Medicines and Biofeedback on the Symptoms of Headache and Pain Self-Efficacy in Patients with Migraine
Seyed Mahmoud Mirzamani Parisa Tajali Parisa MazarezadehPurpose: The aim of this research is to compare the efficacy of Drug Therapy and combined Medications and biofeedback on migraine headache symptoms and pain self-efficacy of patients with migraine headache in the city of Mahshahr. Methods: This research was an experime MorePurpose: The aim of this research is to compare the efficacy of Drug Therapy and combined Medications and biofeedback on migraine headache symptoms and pain self-efficacy of patients with migraine headache in the city of Mahshahr. Methods: This research was an experimental type with pretest, posttest and control group. Multi-stage random sampling was used to conduct this research. At first step, 41people with high scores were selected using Ahvaz migraine questionnaire (AMQ). At the next step, 30people were randomly selected through interview, neurologist diagnosis and considering inclusion criteria then divided into two experimental and one control groups.In this research, subjects completed the headache symptoms scale and Pain Self-efficacy Questionnaire. For data analysis, multivariate analysis of covariance and Kruskal - Wallis tests were used. Result: The results showed that there were significant differences between three groups in terms of headaches symptoms, pain self-efficacy and subscales of headache symptoms scale in favor of second experimental group. Conclusion: Therefore, Medications with biofeedback method is more effective than using Drug Therapy alone, in terms of reducing symptoms of migraine headache and improving pain self-efficacy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - A Comparative Study of the Paintings in Kuh-e Khwaja with the Wall Paintings in Doura-Europos
Faezeh Rezaei Elham Vosough BabaeiThe region in Kuhe-e Khwaja located in Sistan, and the one in Doura-Europos located in modern Syria are outstanding regions from the painting point of view in Parthian Empire period; the art was never seen in Iran before the Parthian Empire. This paper tends to provide MoreThe region in Kuhe-e Khwaja located in Sistan, and the one in Doura-Europos located in modern Syria are outstanding regions from the painting point of view in Parthian Empire period; the art was never seen in Iran before the Parthian Empire. This paper tends to provide a comparative study of the wall paintings in Kuhe-e Khwaja and the ones in Doura-Europos focusing on the artistic methods, motifs and the contents utilized in the wall paintings in the two regions while also comparing with the other archeological objects belonging to Parthian Empire. The results showed that despite differences, especially the ones concerning characters and religious contents in Doura paintings, similarities could be found between the paintings in the two regions in artistic methods like full-faced pictures, outlining, perspective, and in painting contents such as using older styles and models like hunting and levee all having their roots in Iranian local arts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Comparative Investigation of Achaemenid Wall Paintings of Shaour Palace
Fatemeh MohseniThe historic-artistic and comparative probe accomplished on two pieces of painting on a clay layer belonging to Achaemenid period, which had been kept in a room in Susa Castle demonstrated that these two pieces were the two first paintings obtained from the Achaemenid p MoreThe historic-artistic and comparative probe accomplished on two pieces of painting on a clay layer belonging to Achaemenid period, which had been kept in a room in Susa Castle demonstrated that these two pieces were the two first paintings obtained from the Achaemenid period that have been created on the clay wall. In order to attain the essence of the paintings and their content, investigation about the figure's details was first done and, then it referred to the figures' relationship. The outcome of the study is to recognize and identify the figures and the subject matters of the pictures as well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Description and Analysis of ZafarAbad Petroglyph, Dehgolan, Kurdistan
Jamshid Samadi Bagejan Ali BehniaRock motifs and engravings can be considered as the oldest artistic effects and manifestation of the human society. It is estimated that the history and background of the existence of this rock art refer to more than thirty thousand years ago in the Zagros Mountains and MoreRock motifs and engravings can be considered as the oldest artistic effects and manifestation of the human society. It is estimated that the history and background of the existence of this rock art refer to more than thirty thousand years ago in the Zagros Mountains and it has also a long history in Iran. The plain of Dehgolan located in among the Mountains has always attracted various ethnic groups because of enjoying the proper environmental conditions throughout history and has always provided a suitable environment and conditions from the earliest days for living and continuity of the human life. Existence of many archeological works including Zafar Abad petroglyphs carved into the rock surface and the ancient rocky hills related to the different historical periods including the prehistoric times are evidences of this claim. Although it generally seems too difficult to determine the date of these rock engravings and motifs, the quality and the method of these rock engravings and motifs in Zafar Abad Hills and also the animals carved on these rocks make them more probable to be related to the prehistoric rock engravings and motifs based on their similarities. However, finding the pottery works related to the Parthian Era along with these motifs and engravings has doubted the assumption of attributing them to the prehistoric times. This report is an attempt to have a survey on the description and illustration of these rock engravings and motifs based on some field studies done in this area. Its purpose is to introduce an ancient masterpiece which has received less attention because of being far away and not being accessible easily. These rock engravings and motifs have been located in the southwestern slopes of a cliff in Zafar Abad and in the southeastern part of Kurdistan Province and the northeast of Dehgolan in the slopes of a mountain known as Mount Sheida. These rock engravings and motifs are the scenes of hunting animals such as antelope and deer by some people riding horses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Revisision of Geographical Scope of Godin III Pottery Sequence in Centeral Zagros
Khodakaram MazaheriMonochrome painted pottery tradition of Godin III is one of the most important pottery traditions in Bronze age of Iran that continue more than one millennium and cover throughout of west and southwest of Iran geographical scope. In this study that had done with aim of MoreMonochrome painted pottery tradition of Godin III is one of the most important pottery traditions in Bronze age of Iran that continue more than one millennium and cover throughout of west and southwest of Iran geographical scope. In this study that had done with aim of study of the geographical scope of consecutive stages of Godin III pottery tradition, we distinguished that this kind of pottery tradition in beginning of its appearance and simultaneous with Godin III:6 / Susa IVA, spread in throughout central Zagros geographical scope, as in this phase, have the most spread area of distribution, moreover this phase pottery have clear relations with contemporary monochrome painted pottery tradition in Fars area, from methodology point. In other hand, a small quantity of this phase pottery was fund in Al–Hiba, ancient Lagash. We face with different situation, after end of the Godin III:6 phase. In the northern districts of distribution domain including the east of the Kuh-i Garin, eastern Pish-i Kuh and about western Pish-i Kuh, the continuous stages of the pottery tradition of Godin III, without dealing with any specific problem, have gone on until the end of this period. However, southern districts which include Pusht-i Kuh, Khuzestan and some of southern Pish-i Kuh valleys, faced different situation, so that during each of Godin's III phases in southern districts dealt with specific situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Achaemenid Period Pottery Culture in Northeast Anatolia (A Case Study of Achaemenid Painted Pottery in Kars City Museum, Turkey)
Leyla Afshari Sorayya AfshariEastern Anatolian pottery of the Achaemenid Period is quite different from its predecessor Urartian pottery - in techniques and forms. With the collapse of the Urartian Kingdom and the spread of Achaemenids in Anatolia, we can speak of a newly developing pottery c MoreEastern Anatolian pottery of the Achaemenid Period is quite different from its predecessor Urartian pottery - in techniques and forms. With the collapse of the Urartian Kingdom and the spread of Achaemenids in Anatolia, we can speak of a newly developing pottery culture. The monochrome, glossy red slipped pottery of Urartu was replaced by monochrome and polychrome painted pottery in miscellaneous forms. After the collapse of the Urartian Kingdom, the culture of Eastern Anatolia was gradually changed and over time, the old culture, developed by the official state, disappeared. This process did not occur instantaneously. Rather, it appears that a couple of centuries were needed for such a reshaping. Historically, Urartian influence still exists in the early phase of the Late Iron Age, which coincides with the Median dominance period. This phase is considered to be associated with a post-Urartian/Median period, which can be placed among the painted wares of Urartu and the Late Iron Age. Within the scope of this study, we succeeded in coming to certain conclusions concerning ceramic finds, which were obtained from the excavation sites in the region where architecture could not have been sufficiently examined. In the post-Urartian/Median phase, manufacturing with red-colored paste, influenced by Urartu, continues. While certain continuity also persists among the shapes, the prototype examples of double-handled metal vases, developed in the Achaemenid period, appear as a novelty. Firstly, our current study considers the pottery of the Achaemenid Period, which was discovered by archaeologists in the excavations and surface surveys of the Northeastern Anatolia Achaemenid Region. Secondly, This study will generally analyze the painted pottery of the Achaemenid period that is preserved at Kars Museum, taking into account the excavation and surface surveys of the Northeastern Anatolia Region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Aesthetics and investigation of mystical aspects of paintings and motifs in Islamic civilization
Leila Mahmoudi Chalbatan -
Open Access Article
63 - Effective and Effective Factors in the Flourishing of Islamic Civilization in Islamic Spaniards of the Umayyad
abbass vaziry ahmad ashrafi mohammad nabi salimAfter the formation of the Islamic state by the Prophet in Yathrib, Islamic civilization also became a symbolic foundation. Following the spread of Islam in the Arabic, Mesopotamian, Iranian, Roman, Egyptian, North African and, eventually, southern European, Islamic civ MoreAfter the formation of the Islamic state by the Prophet in Yathrib, Islamic civilization also became a symbolic foundation. Following the spread of Islam in the Arabic, Mesopotamian, Iranian, Roman, Egyptian, North African and, eventually, southern European, Islamic civilization entered a new stage. Therefore, further efforts were made to flourish, develop and transfer Islamic civilization. Before the Muslims arrived in Islamic Spain, they were not in a good position in terms of culture and civilization. With the establishment of the Umayyad rule (138-242 AD), the Umayyad rulers sought to flourish Islamic civilization in this area with deception, tolerance and civilian rationality.What is emphasized in this paper by relying on the historical method is: what factors influenced the flourishing of Islamic civilization in the Islamic state of the Umayyad era? Research findings indicate that the secret of success in the Umayyad period is religious teachings, rational governance, scholarly endeavors and tolerance of rulers that have led to the growt of.Islamic..civilization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - representing the concept of space in Iranian expressionist paintings
Parichehr Moafi Ghafari simon Ayvazian sheida khansariThe artistic developments of the early 20th century in art history are generally called "Expressionist", which is the beginning and decline of this movement between 1910 and 1925. Expressionism is a kind of exaggeration in colors and shapes, a way free from na MoreThe artistic developments of the early 20th century in art history are generally called "Expressionist", which is the beginning and decline of this movement between 1910 and 1925. Expressionism is a kind of exaggeration in colors and shapes, a way free from naturalism that wanted to express emotional states as clearly and explicitly as possible. The main goal of this school was to show human emotions, especially fear, hatred, love, and anxiety, in which the artist uses strong colors, crooked shapes, and rough lines to induce her intense emotions. Expressionism is not only one of the most important and influential currents in today's societies; Rather, it is a global movement that includes various fields such as literature, philosophy, social and political sciences, architecture, music, painting, and cinema. Since painting and architecture as two identical categories have been continuously present throughout history in sync with each other and influenced by each other, naturally, the influence of these two arts from the expressionism movement can be the goal of this research. In this research, the method of collecting information from the library and field type and the interpretation-historical method will be used which, historical interpretation is a process during which past events are described, analyzed, evaluated, explained, and the researcher bases interpretation on primary [primary] and secondary [scientific] historical sources, and finally, evidence, contexts, perspectives, and reference frames are analyzed. the expressionism movement in the Pahlavi period is investigated, which also asks the question, what is the effect of the art movement of expressionism on the architecture and painting of the Pahlavi period. The answer is: which itself leads to the emergence of the common components of expressionist painting and architecture of that period, and from the commonality of the two, it explains the framework of intellectual developments in that period for the reader; This topic itself can be influential in connecting modernist paintings and contemporary architecture of the Pahlavi period. The theoretical and formal principles of this architectural style are based on the two foundations of the modern era and the place - the land of Iran - these two fundamental pillars are shown parallel to each other in the physical composition of the building. Although modern art is often referred to as works produced in a certain period in Europe and the United States, art historians have tried to find the concept of "new" and "contemporary" art in works from other parts of the world. And it should be noted that "modern art" and "contemporary art" are not synonymous. In the 20th century, Iranian society saw many changes from a political and social point of view, and these changes can be seen among Iranian artists in the form of works that were different from traditional Iranian paintings. Modernization in Iranian society in this period led artists to present results that, although they were linked to Iran's tradition and past, contained new forms and methods experienced by modernist European and American artists. The formation of the pioneers of modern art did not only mean the victory of the supporters of modernism against their opponents, but it was also able to provide positive aspects for Iranian art in the international arena. Although modernism is a fluid concept, the moment of its birth is somewhat clear, but the moment of its decline is unclear. The results of the research show that what is known as expressionist painting in Iran does not seem to be a superficial understanding of the essence of expressionist painting; In Iranian examples, where architectural spaces were created to have social and cultural effects with the help of painting, Imitation can be seen in the first and second generation of modernist Iranian painters Also, architectural space creation in Iranian paintings that expressionist painters include two divisions in terms of architectural space creation, wanted or not. The first group includes painters who depend on form in all painting components, and the second group includes painters who imitated other painters. However, more than half a century has passed since the official beginning of the modern art movement in Iran. A movement that tried to harmonize with world art and went through many hardships and has been continued by contemporary artists. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - The effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness on the of pain catastrophizing ,psychological distress and mental rumination in women with cancer in Tabriz
Maryam Azimi nastaran mansouriyehObjective: The present study was conducted with the aim of determiningthe effectiveness of mindfulness based cognitive therapy on pain catastrophizing, psychological distress and mental rumination in women with cancer in TabrizMethodology: The method of the current rese MoreObjective: The present study was conducted with the aim of determiningthe effectiveness of mindfulness based cognitive therapy on pain catastrophizing, psychological distress and mental rumination in women with cancer in TabrizMethodology: The method of the current research was semi-experimental using a pre-test-post-test design with a control group.The statistical population of the research included all female cancer patients referred to cliniks in Tabriz in the first half of 2023. They had medical records. The studied sample included 30 women with cancer, who were selected as accessible sampling , who were studied in two groups of 15 people.The data collection tools included Sullivans standard pain catastrophizing guestionnaire,Kesslers psychological distress guestionnaire, and Hoxima-Marus mental rumination guestionnaire along with the training program MBCT.After the pre-test ,the object learning protocol was held for the experimental group during 8 2-hour sessions , and the control group did not receive any intervention.After the training program , the questionnaires were again administered to both groups and the results were evaluated . Covariance analysis was also used to examine the hypotheses.Findings: Mindfulness-bassed therapy has an effect on pain catastrophizing in women with cancer. Also, mindfulness-bassed cognitive therapy has an effect on the psychological distress of women with cancer. Finally, mindfulness-bassed cognitive therapy effects mental rumination. It affects women with cancer.Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, it can be said that Mindfulness-bassed therapy is effective in catastrophizing pain, psychological distress, and mental rumination in women with cancer. Therfore , the use of this complementary treatment method alongside the menthod Medicines and drugs are recommended for the treatment of cancer patients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Portraiture; Evidence of Sanctions and their Criticism
abdoolrasool ahmadianLooking at the historical course of the ruling form, we come to the conclusion that this profession has been paid more attention in religious matters such as idolatry than in Islamic jurisprudence. Painting and sculpture  MoreLooking at the historical course of the ruling form, we come to the conclusion that this profession has been paid more attention in religious matters such as idolatry than in Islamic jurisprudence. Painting and sculpture need to be re-read in the present age. Regarding the sculpture and painting of lifeless images, there is no difference between the jurists in the permission to create and maintain them; however, some jurists consider it haram to take pictures and images of living beings, as well as the existing sculpture and statue of living beings.What is important is to discuss the reasons forthis view. After discussing the arguments of those who believe in sanctity, it became clear that there is no explicit verse in the Holy Quran about sanctity, and both the reasons for consensus and the news are incomplete, because in short, the mentioned consensus is evidence-based and unreliable. Citation is either flawed in terms of document or in terms of signification. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - The effect of verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem on formalin-induced pain response in mice
M.H Khayat Nouri جواد Mahmody M.R Hoseinchi GhareaghajiVoltage-gated calcium channels play a major role in the control of cellular processes in cardiac, vascular and neuronal tissues. Verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem are calcium channel blockers widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular ailments in humans. A number MoreVoltage-gated calcium channels play a major role in the control of cellular processes in cardiac, vascular and neuronal tissues. Verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem are calcium channel blockers widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular ailments in humans. A number of studies have shown that calcium channel blockers have antinociception and antiinflammatory effects in a range of animal models (but not in all animal models). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem on formalin-induced pain and inflammation in mice. In this experimental study, verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem (10 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally injected 30 minutes before the injection of 20µl of 5% formalin solution into the paw region. The time of licking and biting of injected paw was measured as pain response at 5 minute intervals for 1 hour. The results showed that formalin induced a biphasic pain response (first phase: 0-5 and second phase: 20-45 minute after injection). Intraperitoneal injection of verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem before formalin reduced the second phase (inflammatory pain) of pain response significantly (p<0.05) and only verapamil reduced the first phase (neurogenic pain) of pain response significantly (p<0.05). Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem possess antinociceptive and antiinflammatory activity probably via a decrease in calcium influx that in turn interferes with the release of neurotransmitters and other substances that promote nociception and inflammation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - The Effect of Dried Barberry Root Supplementation on Muscular Pain and Serum Antioxidant Enzymes Following a Session of Eccentric Exhaustion Exercise in Non-athlete Women
Nematollah Nikmanesh hadi ghaediIntroduction: Antioxidant use can affect delayed muscle soreness, inflammation, and oxidative markers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dried barberry root supplementation on muscle pain and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) a MoreIntroduction: Antioxidant use can affect delayed muscle soreness, inflammation, and oxidative markers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dried barberry root supplementation on muscle pain and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) following a session of eccentric exhausting activity in non-athlete women. Materials and methods: In this quasi-experimental study, thirty non-athlete women aged 20 to 30 years were randomly divided into three groups of 10, including 1- eccentric exhaustion activity (control group), 2- eccentric exhaustion activity + placebo (placebo group) and 3- eccentric exhaustion activity + barberry supplement (Barberry group). On the pretest day, all three groups participated in an exhaustive eccentric activity. Blood samples were taken from the subjects before and after the activity. Then, the subjects participated in a group-specific supplementation program for 2 weeks. Groups 2 and 3 received dried barberry root and flour powder with a daily dose of 3 capsules of 250 mg respectively. After two weeks of receiving the interventions, all three groups again participated in the post-test similar to the pre-test in the eccentric exhausting physical activity with the same intensity and duration .Blood samples were taken again from the subjects before and after this activity To analyze the data, 2× 4 factor analysis of variance (2 groups and 4 times of measurement) including Bonferroni post- hoc test was used(P≥0.05). Findings: Eccentric exhausting activity and eccentric exhausting activity+barberry supplement had no significant effect on changes in serum levels of SOD and CAT (P≤0.05). Althougheccentric exhausting activity significantly increased serum GPX levels and muscle pain (P≤0.05); this increase was less in the barberry supplement group (P≥0.05). Conclusion: It seems that one session of eccentric exhausting activity can increase muscle soreness and serum GPX levels in non-athlete women. However, 14 days of barberry supplementation can reduce its levels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - The Analysis of Mystical Look at Pain and Suffering in Selected Mystical Texts of Fifth, Sixth and seventh Centuries
Ahamad Amirikhorasani Fatemeh NikpanahAmong mysticism and literature, suffering is one of the most important feelings and emotions in the human psychic realm. In general, suffering is one of the most influential aspects of human being. This particular category has been one of the seven main concepts and iss MoreAmong mysticism and literature, suffering is one of the most important feelings and emotions in the human psychic realm. In general, suffering is one of the most influential aspects of human being. This particular category has been one of the seven main concepts and issues of man throughout history in various forms and with all the internal concepts and its connection with similar concepts, it has been and will be one of the serious concerns of human beings at any time and place. Therefore, this descriptive-analytical study has examined pain and suffering from the perspective of literature and mysticism and its types in the 5th, 6th and 7th centuries, and its purpose is to find out the type of mystics view of this fundamental category of human beings. The conclusion is that suffering does not mean physical and material pain, but spiritual pain, and this pain is one of the foundations of perfection in the thinking human being, and the experience of the human race and every human being during his lifetime proves that human life it has always and everywhere been accompanied by pain and suffering but the spiritual pain makes man and causes the perfection of his soul and knowledge that this is a mystical and spiritual pain is not only painful but also enjoyable. Suffering first causes the desire to move in man and then informs man and finally creates spiritual perfection in him, which is the evolution of suffering. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Evaluation of total phenol and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, anti-pain and anti-inflammatory of Ocimum basillicum var. purpurescens in comparison with opioid drug (morphine) in male rats
Solmaz Fakhari Isa bilejani Arash Khaki Asghar Rajabzadeh Masoumeh MazandaraniThis study was carried out to evaluate the total flavonoide, phenols, antioxidant, anti-pain and anti-inflammatory in different extracts of Ocimum ebasillicum var. purpurescens in comparison with opioid drug (morphine) in male rats. The male Wistar rats with 250± MoreThis study was carried out to evaluate the total flavonoide, phenols, antioxidant, anti-pain and anti-inflammatory in different extracts of Ocimum ebasillicum var. purpurescens in comparison with opioid drug (morphine) in male rats. The male Wistar rats with 250±10 g weighing was used and randomly divided to five groups. Group I (treated by 0.1mg/kg acetic acid, II-IV (treated by 0.7, 0.9 and 1 mg/kgof plantextract) , V (treated by 0.1 mg/kg morphine) and evaluated by Writhing test. The total phenol and flavonoids content was evaluated by follin-ciocalteus reagent, Ammonium chloride, the antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH method and serum levels of PGE2 and SOD activity measured by ELISA Kits. According to results, the ethanol extract of plant had more content of secondary metabolites with total phenol (288.3±51.5 mg EGA/g) content, flavonoide content (154.7±1.04mg EGU/g) and the highest ability of free radicals scavenging (79.4±4.1%). There was a significant correlation between phenol- flavonoid ingredients to antioxidant activity rate and free radicals scavenging of plant (P<0.05, r<0.9) extract. High dosages of plant extract could be decreased chronic pains, in addition, serum level of PGE2 has been showed a significantly decreasing in groups treated by Ocimum basilicum extract and morphine in compared to untreated group. The serum SOD of treated groups (plant extract) was observed near to morphine group (P<0.05). Anti-inflammatory and anti-pain effects of this plant statically were observed next to morphine. It is found that steadily consumption of herbal usage, as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, could be medicated to inflammatory treatment and long-term pains instead of opioid drugs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Comparisons of effects of massage therapy and tensile strength training in four weeks training on Shin Splint pain in girls
zohreh zanganeh Behrooz ImeriThe purpose of the study was to comparison of massage therapy and tensile strength trainings in four weeks on pain relief in girls with shin splint.This is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design that compared the efficacy of two different treatmen MoreThe purpose of the study was to comparison of massage therapy and tensile strength trainings in four weeks on pain relief in girls with shin splint.This is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design that compared the efficacy of two different treatment consist of massage therapy and tensile strength trainings in student girls 16 to 18 years old with shin splint. Subjects performed according to the protocol for 4 weeks and 3 sessions per week. Massage therapy performed after the exercises and the onset of pain, on the subjects' legs for 20 minutes. Tensile strength training performed 8 RM for 3 sets in a regular manner.Shapiro-Wilk's normality test was used to normalize the data distribution. Hypotheses were analyzed statistically using a dependent test to compare the pre-test with post-test of each variable separately. The results of the study have shown that the effects of massage therapy and tensile strength trainings have a significant effect on the improvement of shin splint. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - The effect of an acupuncture course on the range of motion of the spine in patients with chronic mechanical back pain
Bijan Goodarzi hydar habibi abass daqaq zadeh yasaman GoodarziIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acupuncture therapy on the range of motion of the spine (function of trunk flexor and extensor muscles) in 35 to 50-year-old men with chronic back pain.Materials and methods: This research is semi MoreIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acupuncture therapy on the range of motion of the spine (function of trunk flexor and extensor muscles) in 35 to 50-year-old men with chronic back pain.Materials and methods: This research is semi-experimental and practical. In this research, pre-test and post-test are used. The research population consists of 35-50-year-old men with chronic back pain living in Arak city. The research participants included 30 men with chronic mechanical back pain without any orthopedic complications who were referred to a private physical medicine practice. and rehabilitation in the city of Arak. The treatment period is 20 sessions and 2 sessions per week. Lumbar range of motion was evaluated in trunk flexion movements (bending forward).Then, in order to analyze and determine the significance of the effects of acupuncture therapy, data and raw information were analyzed using SPSS23 software and using descriptive and inferential statistics (paired samples test).Findings: The range of motion increased, therefore acupuncture has a significant effect on the range of motion in people with chronic mechanical back pain.Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, this method of treatment can increase the range of motion of the spine in chronic mechanical back pain sufferers, and this method can be useful in the field of treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - The effect of 8 weeks of selected therapeutic exercise on pain and functional disability of carpet weavers with chronic back pain
Bijan Goodarzi mohammad hydarinia Masoud MirmoaziThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of selected therapeutic exercises on pain and functional disability of carpet weavers with chronic back pain. The research method was semi-experimental. The statistical population of the research include MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of selected therapeutic exercises on pain and functional disability of carpet weavers with chronic back pain. The research method was semi-experimental. The statistical population of the research included 30 carpet weavers suffering from back pain with the age range of 30 to 45 years who referred to the treatment clinics of Borujerd city, who voluntarily participated in this research project. The aforementioned subjects were randomly divided into two treatment exercise groups (age 37.20 ± 2.61( and control (age 36.98 ± 3.002). 24 hours before the start of the exercises, the subjects of both groups were given a questionnaire Low back pain disability was assessed and vas pain was determined. Subjects in the experimental groups underwent therapeutic exercises for 8 weeks and three sessions per week. Data analysis was performed using Student's dependent t-tests (in order to examine pre- test and post-test of each group), one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were performed. The research results showed that exercise therapy has a significant effect on functional disability and pain level of carpet weavers with chronic back pain (P=0.0001). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - The Study of Pain Types, its Inhibitory Methods and TENS Effect on Pain
Fateme Shyasi Mohammad Reza YousefiPain is an important physiological phenomenon that occurs from birth to the last stages of life. Pain is one of the causes of the patient's referral to clinics and treatment centers. Pain control is one of the major challenges for surgeons and anesthesiologists. Lack of MorePain is an important physiological phenomenon that occurs from birth to the last stages of life. Pain is one of the causes of the patient's referral to clinics and treatment centers. Pain control is one of the major challenges for surgeons and anesthesiologists. Lack of proper pain control lead to hospital­ization and imposes higher treatment costs for patients and hospitals. It causes dissatisfaction with the medical treatment and frequent visits to medicians to control the pain. Medication is not only way for pain reduction; depending on the cause and type of pain, other ways can employ. Electrical stimulation of nerve pain inhibitors through the skin (TENS) is a noninvasive technique to relieve pain. During TENS, pulsed electrical currents are administered across the intact surface of the skin to generate strong nonpainful TENS sensations or mild muscle twitching at the site of pain. This technique inhibits onward transmission of nociceptive (pain-related) information in the central nervous system and appears to be beneficial for acute and chronic pain. In the present study, the effect of TENS on different types of pain investigated and positive outcomes in muscu­los­keletal relief and post-operative pain suggested, although many systematic reviews were inconclusive. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Biological Removal of Zinc from Automotive Hazardous Paint Sludge: a comparison between an endogenous Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolateand Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans PTCC1692
Fatemeh Honarjooy Barkusaraey Roya Mafigolami Gholam KhayatiResearch on the hazardous waste of paint sludge is mostly focused on recovering the sludge and pollution control with methods such as solidification. This research aimed to study the comparison of biological removal of zinc from paint sludge using a native Pseudomonas a MoreResearch on the hazardous waste of paint sludge is mostly focused on recovering the sludge and pollution control with methods such as solidification. This research aimed to study the comparison of biological removal of zinc from paint sludge using a native Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans PTCC 1692. Samples of water-based paint sludge were collected under aseptic conditions. Isolation of endogenous strains was performed in the Bushnell-Haas (BH) medium from paint sludge, and A. thiooxidans PTCC 1692 was cultured in the medium 119. Optimization of the process parameters for the biological removal of zinc was performed using the design of the experimental (DOE) method for both organisms. The results showed that A. thiooxidans is capable of biological removal of zinc with a higher pulp density and with a more extended bioleaching period. The results of the chemical analysis show the removal of zinc metal by 57.76% compared to P. aeruginosa by 36.39%, and, the removal of other metals such as Cr, Ni, Pb, and Cd were observed in the residual sludge from the process. Energy Disperse X-ray analysis (EDX) showed the more favorable effect of this bacterium in reducing heavy metals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - ارزیابی ترکیب شیمیایی و اثرات ضد التهابی و ضد دردی اسانس جوانه میخک (Eugenia caryophyllata)
عماد خلیل زاده رضا حضرتی غلامرضا وفایی سیاحمقدمه و هدف: میخک، با نام علمیEugenia caryophyllataدرختی از خانواده Myrtaceae می باشد که قسمت های متعددی از این گیاه به صورت سنتی در مراقبت های دندانی به عنوان ضد عفونی کننده و نیز ضد درد استفاده می گردد. این مطالعه جهت بررسی ترکیب شیمیایی و نیز فعالیت ضد التهابی و ضد د Moreمقدمه و هدف: میخک، با نام علمیEugenia caryophyllataدرختی از خانواده Myrtaceae می باشد که قسمت های متعددی از این گیاه به صورت سنتی در مراقبت های دندانی به عنوان ضد عفونی کننده و نیز ضد درد استفاده می گردد. این مطالعه جهت بررسی ترکیب شیمیایی و نیز فعالیت ضد التهابی و ضد دردی اسانس تخلیص شده از جوانه میخک طرح ریزی گردید. روش تحقیق:اسانس جوانه میخک توسط روش تقطیر آبی در دستگاه کلونجر استحصال شده و سپس توسطGC-MSمواد موثره آن مورد آنالیز قرار گرفت. فعالیت ضد دردی اسانس میخک توسط مدل درد فرمالینی دهانی- صورتی و نیز مدل غوطه وری دم در آب گرم در موش صحرایی ارزیابی شد. فعالیت ضد التهابی اسانس نیز با استفاده از مدل التهاب گوش ناشی از استعمال گزیلن در موش سوری ارزیابی گردید. اسانس در مقادیر(200 و 100 ، 50 میلی گرم) و کتوپروفن (160 و 80 میلی گرم) فقط موجب مهار مرحله دوم درد اوروفاسیال شدند. نتایج و بحث: اسانس در مقادیر(200 و 100 ، 50 میلی گرم) و کتوپروفن (160 و 80 میلی گرم) فقط موجب مهار مرحله دوم درد اوروفاسیال شدند. مورفین (5 میلی گرم) بصورت معنادار(p <0.05) موجب کاهش پاسخ های درد در هر دو مرحله درد اوروفاسیال گردید. پیش تزریق نالوکسان نتوانست از اثر ضد دردی اسانس ممانعت به عمل آورد. تزریق هم زمان مقادیر زیر ضد درد اسانس (50 میلی گرم) و کتوپروفن (40 میلی گرم) بصورت معنادار(p <0.05)موجب کاهش رفتار درد فقط در مرحله دوم در مقایسه با گروه کنترل گردید. بعلاوه تجویز اسانس نتوانست موجب افزایش مدت زمان نهفته در تست درد حرارتی گردد. در ضمن اسانس میخک ( 200 و 100 میلی گرم) و کتوپروفن (80 میلی گرم) بصورت معنا دار (p<0.001)موجب کاهش التهاب گوش ناشی از استعمال موضعی گزیلن در موش سوری شدند. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: این یافته ها نشان دادند که اسانس میخک دارای فعالیت ضد التهابی قوی بوده و بدون اثر ضد دردی در مدل درد حرارتی، می تواند موجب ایجاد بی دردی غیر وابسته به سیستم اپیوئیدی در مرحله التهابی درد فرمالینی دهانی-صورتی گردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - مکانیسم فعالیت ضددردی عصاره متانولی برگ سنا (Senna italica) در موش
آمینا اولوروکوبا اسماو حمزه عایشا موسیBackground & Aim: Senna italica leaf (SIL) is extensively used in traditional medicine for the management of various types of pain including stomach cramps, back ache, joint pains, headache, and migraine. The current study was designed to scientifically investigate MoreBackground & Aim: Senna italica leaf (SIL) is extensively used in traditional medicine for the management of various types of pain including stomach cramps, back ache, joint pains, headache, and migraine. The current study was designed to scientifically investigate the purported uses of the leaves as an analgesic agent and to elucidate its possible mechanism of antinociceptive action.Experimental: Phytochemical screening and oral acute toxicity studies were conducted using standard protocols. Antinociceptive potentials were evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate tests in mice. The possible pharmacological mechanism(s) involved in the anti-nociceptive activity were investigated by pretreating mice with Naloxone (2 mg/kg), L-arginine (50 mg/kg), Propranolol (20 mg/kg), Glibenclamide (10 mg/kg), and Prazosin (1 mg/kg)15 min prior to SIL (1000 mg/kg) administration, then assessed using acetic acid-induced writhing 1 h later. Data was analyzed using One-way Anova followed by Bonferroni post hoc test.Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids and triterpenes. Oral median lethal dose of SIL was found to be greater than 5000 mg/kg. SIL at the doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg demonstrated significant (P<0.05) dose-dependent protection against acetic acid-induced writhes in mice. The extract at the highest dose (1000 mg/kg) also significantly (P<0.05) increased the reaction time of mice to thermal stimulus in the hot plate test. Pretreatment with naloxone, prazosin, L-arginine, and propranolol significantly (P<0.05) reduced the antinociceptive activity of the extract. However, pretreatment with glibenclamide showed no effect on its antinociceptive activity.Recommended applications/industries: The findings of this research has validated the traditional use of the plant in the management of pain through possible involvement of opioidergic, α-adrenergic, β-adrenergic systems including the L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - مروری بر خواص دارویی و کاربردی دارچین
امیرپویا قندهاری یزدی آلاله نیکویی لیلا صداقت بروجنیمقدمه و هدف: با توجه به عوارض داروهای شیمیایی امروزه طب گیاهی مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. دارچین از تیره برگ بو[1] است که در غذاها به عنوان ادویه و در داروها استفاده میشود. دارچین دارای خواص ضدمیکروب، آنتی اکسیدان، آنتی دیابت ضد ویروس و ضد اسپاسم، ضد نفخ، افزایش د Moreمقدمه و هدف: با توجه به عوارض داروهای شیمیایی امروزه طب گیاهی مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. دارچین از تیره برگ بو[1] است که در غذاها به عنوان ادویه و در داروها استفاده میشود. دارچین دارای خواص ضدمیکروب، آنتی اکسیدان، آنتی دیابت ضد ویروس و ضد اسپاسم، ضد نفخ، افزایش دهنده تعریق بدن، گرم کننده و محرک رحم میباشد. اسانس دارچین خاصیت ضد قارچی و ضد باکتریایی دارد که احتمالا این آثار مربوط به محتوی ارتومتوکسی سینامالدئید است. عصاره دارچین دارای ترکیباتی مثل اوژنول میباشد که باعث به وجود آمدن خاصیت فیبرینولیتیک در آن میشود. دارچین و ترکیبات آن میتوانند روی سیستم اعصاب مرکزی نیز اثر گذاشته و باعث کاهش درد شوند همچنین ترکیبات موجود در دارچین باعث تقویت عمل انسولین و کاهش مقاومت انسولینی میشود که باعث اثر مثبت بر گلوکز سطح خون میشود. یکی از مهمترین اثرات درمانی دارچین افزایش میل جنسی میباشد. افزایش هورمونها را میتوان به اثر مستقیم یا غیر مستقیم ترکیبات دارچین به ویژه سینامالدئید در افزایش سنتز نیتریک اکسید دانست. دارچین دارای ترکیبات فرار و غیر فرار فنلیک و غیر فنلیک میباشد که باعث به وجود آمدن خاصیت آنتی اکسیدانی در دارچین میشود. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: با توجه به خواص ذکر شده برای دارچین و عصاره آن، هم­چنین سهولت در استخراج عصاره و قیمت مناسب آن میتوان در صنایع دارویی و مواد غذایی از آن استفاده نمود.در صنعت موادغذایی از خواص آنتی میکروبیالی و آنتی اکسیدانی آن و حتی در صنایع بستهبندی به عنوان یک نگهدارنده طبیعی میتوان از آن استفاده نمود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - اثر عصاره آبی الکلی کارده (Biarum Bovei) بر آستانه درد موش های صحرایی دیابتی شده با استرپتوزوتوسین
معصومه سیفی زنگنه مریم رفیعی راد حسین سازگارمقدمه و هدف: دیابت قندی در دراز مدت از راههای مختلف از جمله تشدید روند استرس اکسیداتیو با اختلالاتی همچون درد و شناخت در جامعه انسانی و حیوانات آزمایشگاهی همراه است. با توجه به وجود شواهدی مبنی بر اثر ضد دیابتی عصاره کارده، اثر تجویز خوراکی این عصاره بر میزان قند خون و Moreمقدمه و هدف: دیابت قندی در دراز مدت از راههای مختلف از جمله تشدید روند استرس اکسیداتیو با اختلالاتی همچون درد و شناخت در جامعه انسانی و حیوانات آزمایشگاهی همراه است. با توجه به وجود شواهدی مبنی بر اثر ضد دیابتی عصاره کارده، اثر تجویز خوراکی این عصاره بر میزان قند خون و آستانه درد در موش های صحرایی دیابتی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. روش تحقیق: حیوانات به گروه کنترل(سالم)، دیابتی و 5 گروه دیابتی با استرپتوزوتوسین )mg/kg 70 STZ,) که به مدت دو هفته عصاره هیدرو الکی کارده (mg/kg 50، 100، 400،200، 800) را به روش گاواژ دریافت کرده اند، تقسیم شدند. میزان قند خون با خون گیری از ناحیه دم اندازگیری شد. و سپس تست تیل فیلیک جهت سنجش آستانه درد انجام شد. نتایج با استفاده از آزمونهای آماری تجزیه واریانس یک طرفه و تست توکی آنالیز گردیدند. نتایج و بحث: دیابت باعث کاهش قند خون (001/0> p) وآستانه درد (001/0> p) گردید و تجویز دوزهای (mg/kg 100، 200) عصاره کارده با عث کاهش قند خون (01/0>p ) و دوز mg/kg100 منجر به افزایش آستانه درد (05/0> p) گردید. عصاره کارده در دوزهای (mg/kg 50، 800،400) تاثیری بر درد نداشت. یافته های این مطالعه نشان داد که مصرف عصاره هیدرو الکلی کارده احتمالا با خاصیت آنتی­اکسیدانی قادر به کاهش قند خون و عوارض ناشی از دیابت از جمله درد در حیوانات مبتلا به دیابت می­گردد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: با توجه به اثرات جانبی کم داروهای گیاهی بویژه انتی­اکسیدان­ها از جمله کارده می تواند در کاهش عوارض ناشی از دیابت در کنار دارودرمانی استفاده شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Association between Yearling Weight and Calpastatin and Calpain Loci Polymorphism in Iranian Zel Sheep
E. Dehnavi M. Ahani Azari S. Hasani M.R. Nassiry M. Mohajer A.R. Khan Ahmadi L. Shahmohamadi S. Yousefi -
Open Access Article
81 - Didactic Literature in Parvin Etesami's poetry
Mahdi Momtahen gerdafarin MohammadiParvin depicts ethics by means of discussions and dialogues between objects. She talks about ethical issues both individually and socially through this technique. In individual teaching, she motherly invites the mankind to be divine and humane. In social teaching, she p MoreParvin depicts ethics by means of discussions and dialogues between objects. She talks about ethical issues both individually and socially through this technique. In individual teaching, she motherly invites the mankind to be divine and humane. In social teaching, she pays attention to ethical elements such as piety, honesty, education, rationality, art, and avoiding desires. She also mentions social misfortunes and sufferings. By looking deeply into her works, we find out that most of her themes are about freedom, humanity, sympathy and being realistic and cooperative. In this way, Parvin describes the future for her readers and depicts the weaknesses of the social life as well as lack of ethical commitments in the society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - The study and analysis of Saadi's approach in releasing human being from pain and suffering
Soorollah Norouzi DavoodkhaniSaadi, as a social psychologist by reflecting upon the spirit of the society, always tried to build a healthy ideal society by highlighting good and worthy affairs and rejecting the bad ones. He is often in compliance with the affairs of the world and by placing value o MoreSaadi, as a social psychologist by reflecting upon the spirit of the society, always tried to build a healthy ideal society by highlighting good and worthy affairs and rejecting the bad ones. He is often in compliance with the affairs of the world and by placing value on the act of serving the people; he aims at encouraging the members of the society especially the rulers to be at the service of the people. Hence, he can relieve some of the pains and suffering of the human beings. On the one hand, he calls for human beings cooperation and sympathy with their fellowmen in order to release them from pain and suffering. on the other hand, by making use of different ethical, religious, and rational discourses and highlighting the good affairs he tries to provide necessary frameworks to build a healthy and balanced society. He establishes a sound and balanced bond accompanied by love and endearment to each other in social occasions and communications among the people. As a result, he brings spiritual peace and comfort to the society. In a structural and comprehensive perspective on the poems and prose of Saadi, we can say that Saadi has ethical and humane approach toward the phenomena of pain and suffering, and the pain and sufferings raised in his poems belong to the whole society rather than the specific strata or society; they belong to all the individuals who are in contact with each other like the organs of human body. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Analysis of the Confrontation of Post-Revolutionary Wall Painting Discourses in Tehran (1979-2019)
ali mobasherzadegan zahra ghasemi Malihe ShianiWithout exaggeration, the phenomenon of the Islamic Revolution in 1978 has been one of the most important factors affecting the biological field of Iranian society. Mural painting grew and expanded as a boiling point of politics with the public sphere at the time of the MoreWithout exaggeration, the phenomenon of the Islamic Revolution in 1978 has been one of the most important factors affecting the biological field of Iranian society. Mural painting grew and expanded as a boiling point of politics with the public sphere at the time of the revolution. This period is like a turning point in the political history of Iran, the recognition of which can be the key to understanding how contemporary political and social currents are formed. Due to the relevance of the subject and the extraordinary ability of Laclau and Mouffe's theory of discourse in the analysis of socio-political affairs and phenomena, the researcher has chosen this theory as his theoretical and methodological framework, and the innovation of such research is that by using This theory, by basing the murals in the context of their emergence as texts that are the products of discourse, has sought to answer the question of how the political discourses of the revolution evolved into the stabilizing discourse of war and then according to each The period of rule of various signs has been added or reduced to the central sign of the revolution. In this regard, how the socio-political developments of the revolution and post-revolution in the murals have been the subject of this research. Examining and analyzing the central signs in the forty years of the establishment of the Islamic Republic, it became clear that the discourse of the revolution during the transition to the discourse of war and then the transition to the period of stabilization under the influence of sociology-political factors and shifting power relations with fundamental changes in world representation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Car paint thickness control using artificial neural network and regression method
J Jassbi M Alborzi F Ghoreshi -
Open Access Article
85 - Policies on Non-Oil Export of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Age of Globalization (With Emphasis on Paintings)
Tooran Taghdimi Asghar Moshabaki Isfahani Reza Salehi Amiri Mehrdad Navabakhsh -
Open Access Article
86 - Violence in Iranian Paintings of Battle Scenes: A Study Based on Slavoj Žižek's Ideas
Sārā o-Sādat nouri Ashraf-o-Sādat MousavilarIn the Iranian belief, battle has a long history and fighting has always been one of the most important challenges facing Iranian heroes. This challenge has first been presented with constant struggle between good and evil and then has been represented in different form MoreIn the Iranian belief, battle has a long history and fighting has always been one of the most important challenges facing Iranian heroes. This challenge has first been presented with constant struggle between good and evil and then has been represented in different forms in different periods of Iranian art. The contemporary Western thinker, Slavoj Žižek discusses violence in his books and articles and reveals its hidden aspects. By using analytical-comparative method, the present research, first, tries to answer the following question: In Iranian painting, how and with what concepts is violence portrayed? Then, we examine Žižek’s view on violence and compare his view with Iranian paintings. The article compares three examples of Ferdowsi's Shāhnāmeh paintings with the theory of mythical violence and considers the ideas of Žižek and Walter Benjamin. The findings show that the theory of mythical violence can be compared with Iranian paintings and can be used as a way to critique Iranian art. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Removing Pain: The Reflection of a Mythological Ritual in the Mystical Texts of Naqshbandiyah
Seyyed Mohsen Hosseini MoaekherOne of the thaumaturgical powers that can be found in Sufi texts is healing, which has manifested itself in different ways. It seems that "removing pain" is a remnant of a mythological ritual that mythologists have referred to it as “apotropaic magic” or sca MoreOne of the thaumaturgical powers that can be found in Sufi texts is healing, which has manifested itself in different ways. It seems that "removing pain" is a remnant of a mythological ritual that mythologists have referred to it as “apotropaic magic” or scapegoating. The mythological scapegoats were mainly aimed at driving away disease, effects of sin, calamity, famine and drought, and, in general, any evil. One of the uses of these scapegoatings was to drive the disease out of the patient. Accordingly, the scapegoat transmits the disease to himself/herself and thus heals the sick person. In some Sufi texts, this form of healing is seen as a miracle performed by a mystic. By using analytical-descriptive method, the present research examines the miracle of "removing pain" in the mystical texts of Naqshbandiyah and compares it with mythological rituals, and then some examples of the ritual are introduced. The results indicate that the texts of the Naqshbandiyah are more influenced by this mythological belief than other Sufi texts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Human Pains in the Thoughts of Mowlānā Jalāl-al Din Balkhī
سعید بزرگ بیگدلی حسینعلی قبادی ثوراله نوروزی داودخانی In all his life, man has suffered and endured pains and has tried to make them bearable through using the teachings of the learned men. Mowlānā Jalāl-al Din Balkhī, the Persian mystic, in his two books Masnavī Manavī and Divān Shams illustrates these human More In all his life, man has suffered and endured pains and has tried to make them bearable through using the teachings of the learned men. Mowlānā Jalāl-al Din Balkhī, the Persian mystic, in his two books Masnavī Manavī and Divān Shams illustrates these human pains and vicissitudes of life. Based on Hermeneutics, and based on behavioral, cognitive and effective communicational approaches, the authors of the present article try to study Mowlānā's thoughts in the realm of human pain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Mythic Analysis of Dard-e Siāvash; Reconsideration of 1953 Iranian Coup d’état in the Light of Myths
Hoseinali Qobādi Saeed Bozorq Beiqdeli Mohammad AlijāniIn the passage of time, the myths influence and are influenced by the social and political events occurring at the present time. In the contemporary history of Iran, 1953 Iranian coup d’état as one the most impressive contemporary events inclined Iranian wr MoreIn the passage of time, the myths influence and are influenced by the social and political events occurring at the present time. In the contemporary history of Iran, 1953 Iranian coup d’état as one the most impressive contemporary events inclined Iranian writers and novelists to notice to myths that are reflection of unconscious of Iranian people after the coup. EsmāilFasih’s Dard-e Siāvash (The Pain of Siavash), as one of the prominent novel, points to prevailing tendency to myths in those days. Employing descriptive-analytical method and mythological criticism, the present article tries to consider the themes existing in mythical literature and the resonance of the myths in the novel. The research shows that based on his personality, social situation and intellectual climate, the writer recreates characters, narrations and mythic spaces relying upon the story of Siavash in Shāhnāmeh. Esmāil Fasih designates the time of death of the hero of the story, Siavash, on 19 August 1953 (28 Mordad). By doing so, the writer identifies the hero with Mosaddegh and refers to the role of hero-killing among Iranians. In other words, he generalizes the space of the story to the whole history of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Cognitive -behavioral family therapy for patients with musculoskeletal pain
Mohammad KhoadyarifardThe effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral family therapy in the treatment of patients with psychosomatic musculoskeletal pain was examined. Applying an A-B single-subject design, three patients (two males and one female) with psychosomatic musculoskeletal pain in the ar MoreThe effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral family therapy in the treatment of patients with psychosomatic musculoskeletal pain was examined. Applying an A-B single-subject design, three patients (two males and one female) with psychosomatic musculoskeletal pain in the areas of lower back and neck, referred to a private, psychological clinic, were selected as the sample. Clinical interviews, MMPI and ScL--R tests were done to measure psychological problems. Family therapy was done and post test results showed the effectiveness of cognitivebehavioral family therapy by promoting patients’ skills of problem solving and communication, effective coping and self assertion. Further research is suggested to assess the relative effectiveness of other kinds of therapy techniques such as drug, behavior, and individual and group cognitive therapy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Contributing Allocation of Meaning of Life and Perceived Social Support in Coping with the Pain
Shahram Vaziri Afsaneh Lotfi Azimithe aim of this study was to examine the role of meaning of life and perceived social support in pain intensity. Based on a correlational study, 158 patients with cancer were selected by convenience sampling method from radiation therapy wards of two hospitals in Tehran Morethe aim of this study was to examine the role of meaning of life and perceived social support in pain intensity. Based on a correlational study, 158 patients with cancer were selected by convenience sampling method from radiation therapy wards of two hospitals in Tehran. The participants completed the pain intensity subscale of the Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI), the Medical Outcomes Study-Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS; Sherborne & Stewart, 1991), and the Meaning of Life Questionnaire (Steger, Frazier, Oishi & Kaler, 2006).The results of multivariate regression analysis indicated that the meaning of life and social support correlated with the reported pain intensity.The social support and the meaning of life accounted for 83% of the variation in perception of pain intensity. The findings suggested the need to pay more attention to perceived social support in treatment of cancer patients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - the role of mother-child relationship and pain-related variables in the depression level of mothers with chronic illness
Ata Tehranchi Mohsen Dehghani Karine Tahmasian Hamideh Zareethe role of mother-child relationship and pain variables in inducing depression in mothers suffering from Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Low Back Pain (LBP) was studied. The sample was consisted of 67 LBP, 60 RA and 63 MS patients selected from A Morethe role of mother-child relationship and pain variables in inducing depression in mothers suffering from Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Low Back Pain (LBP) was studied. The sample was consisted of 67 LBP, 60 RA and 63 MS patients selected from Atieh, Imam Khomeini hospitals, and the Iranian MS Society in city of Tehran plus 65 nonpatient mothers. All participants answered Depression- Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS-42; Laviband & Laviband, 1995) and the Parent-Child Relationship-Short form (PCRS-S; Pianta, 1992). Patient mothers also answered Visual Analogue Scale (VAS; Wewers & Lowe, 1990) and Pain related Disability Questionnaire (PDQ; Roland & Morris, 1983). Data were analyzed using variance analysis, Pearson correlation and stepwise regression. Results indicated that the depression severity differed significantly in patient and nonpatient mothers. Also, disability due to pain and conflict in mother-child relationship significantly predicted depression in mothers. Therefore, it was concluded that disability and conflict in mother-child relationship is related to depression severity in mothers with chronic illnesses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Comparative analysis of the role of the collective unconscious of Carl Gustav Jung in the poem (Pain is my other name) by Qaiser Aminpour
ali keshavarz Ghadimi mostafa malekiIn the human psyche, the unconscious plays an important role in his behavior and action and ultimately his destiny, and it is the unconscious that drives us forward without knowing it. A set of archetypes, positive and negative complexes, shadow and persona, etc. surpri MoreIn the human psyche, the unconscious plays an important role in his behavior and action and ultimately his destiny, and it is the unconscious that drives us forward without knowing it. A set of archetypes, positive and negative complexes, shadow and persona, etc. surprisingly captures the human individual and collective unconscious. The connection of all human behaviors with the unconscious is the case of psychologists. Poetry arises from the unconscious. In the meantime, Jung's theories have paved the way for this path to use these theories to analyze many unconscious behaviors in the poem (Pain is another name for me) by Qaiser Amin Pour.The aim of The present research by descriptive-analytical and library method is to investigate and analyze the role of the collective unconscious in this poem by Qaisar Aminpour. The findings of the research show that among Jung's theories, the collective and personal unconscious have a high frequency in this poem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Effect of pH on Separation of Solid Content from Paint Contained Wastewater by a Coagulant-flocculant Compound
Mojtaba Semnani Rahbar Eskandar Alipour Reza Eskandari Sedighi Safoora Sajad Marzieh mohamadiani -
Open Access Article
95 - The Correlation of Blood Xylene Levels and Neurological Disorders among Informal Car Painters
Arie Kurnianto Tri Martiana Nemeskéri Zsolt István Ágoston Soedjajadi Keman -
Open Access Article
96 - The Efficiency of Photodynamic Therapy in the Management of Pain in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus
Mona Abdallah Sabry Ali Mohamed Saafan Hanaa Mohamed El-Shennawy Amal Ali Hussine Doaa Mohamed Abd El- Aziz Doaa Ahmed Abdel Fadeel -
Open Access Article
97 - Comparing the behavioral and physiological signs of pain between the first and the second tries of the aggressive procedures in neonates admitted to Ramhormoz hospital in 2017
Behnaz Torkan Alkhamis Ameneh -
Open Access Article
98 - Corrosion evaluation of industrial inorganic base coating on reinforcement by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
Yadollah Yaghobinejad Abdollah Afshar Abolghasem DolatiIn this study, the effect of several industrial protective coatings such as alkyd base primer, zinc rich primer and polyamide primer coatings in compassion with the surface paints comprising alkyd, polyamide and polyamine were investigated. For evaluating corrosion and MoreIn this study, the effect of several industrial protective coatings such as alkyd base primer, zinc rich primer and polyamide primer coatings in compassion with the surface paints comprising alkyd, polyamide and polyamine were investigated. For evaluating corrosion and durability of concrete properties, strength of mixture, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and pull of test was accomplished. The outcomes significantly demonstrated EIS method performs an excellent response to corrosion analysis of coating upon the rebar. Beside, in harsh media the two parts of isocyanide-acrylic coating with a surface resistance approximately 7.3 GΩ.cm2 shows the best manner. In this study, the effect of several industrial protective coatings such as alkyd base primer, zinc rich primer and polyamide primer coatings in compassion with the surface paints comprising alkyd, polyamide and polyamine were investigated. For evaluating corrosion and durability of concrete properties, strength of mixture, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and pull of test was accomplished. The outcomes significantly demonstrated EIS method performs an excellent response to corrosion analysis of coating upon the rebar. Beside, in harsh media the two parts of isocyanide-acrylic coating with a surface resistance approximately 7.3 GΩ.cm2 shows the best manner Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - The Analgesic Effect of Dietary Sesame Oil in Young Male Rats
حسین محمدپورکارگر منیره شفاهی مهناز کسمتیSesame oil is applied in physiological and pharmacological researches as a solvent. It contains unsaturated fatty acids and lecithin. Physiological functions may be altered by these components. In this research, effect of dietary sesame oil on acute pain perception was MoreSesame oil is applied in physiological and pharmacological researches as a solvent. It contains unsaturated fatty acids and lecithin. Physiological functions may be altered by these components. In this research, effect of dietary sesame oil on acute pain perception was studied.N-MRI male rats (200andplusmn;20 g) were used. Animals divided to two groups: control that ate plats without sesame oil and experimental group that divided to three subgroups that ate dietary plats that contain 10% sesame oil for 28, 42 and 56 days respectively. After 28, 42 and 56 days pain threshold was tested by digital hot plate and formalin. Data was analyzed by one way ANOVA.Hot plate test: Sesame oil diet decreased pain in the 28 days (Pandlt;0.002) and 42 days (Pandlt;0.03) and 56 days (Pandlt;0.005) significantly. In Formalin test sesame oil diet decreased pain in the 28 days (Pandlt;0.0001) and 42 days (Pandlt;0.0001) and 56 days (Pandlt;0.0003) significantly in early phase and also we found significant difference in 42 days (Pandlt;0.03) and 56 days (Pandlt;0.0005) in late phase of formalin test.Conclusion: Our data showed that dietary sesame oil could increase pain threshold. It seems that sesame oil lecithin (as a source for acetylcholine) or unsaturated fatty acid (altered plasma membrane properties or PGs metabolism or affects on GABAergic) involve in this pain threshold alternation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - The Effect of Four Weeks of Lemon Essential Oil Consumption and Swimming Training on Memory and Pain in Adult Male Mice
Sara Ahmadizadeh Abdolhassan Doulah Maryam RafieiradWith age, some functions of the nervous system, including avoidance memory, are impaired. The beneficial effects of exercise on neurogenesis, increasing neuronal synapses, the treatment of mental disorders, helping improve brain injuries, and prevention of neurodegenera MoreWith age, some functions of the nervous system, including avoidance memory, are impaired. The beneficial effects of exercise on neurogenesis, increasing neuronal synapses, the treatment of mental disorders, helping improve brain injuries, and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases have been proven. Citrus limon is one of the plants mentioned in traditional medicine for its analgesic effects. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of four weeks of lemon essential oil consumption and swimming training on memory and pain in male mice was investigated. To this end, 40 male mice with a weight of 40± 5 g were studied. The mice were randomly divided into 4 groups including control, swimming group, group receiving lemon essential oil, and group of swimming training + consuming lemon essential oil. Swimming practice consisted of four weeks of swimming in water for 30 minutes per session and five sessions per week, and 50 mg/kg lemon essential oil was administered by gavage. The pain threshold was measured to evaluate the avoidance memory of the shuttle box using the tail flick test. The results showed that the essential oil of lemon and swimming training has significantly reduced pain (p < 0.001). Moreover, the combined consumption of lemon essential oil and swimming training increased memory in male mice (p < 0.001). Aerobic exercise, especially swimming, has had a positive effect on memory consolidation and reduction of pain threshold. Probably, consuming lemon essential oil due to the presence of strong antioxidants can reduce the feeling of pain and improve avoidance memory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - The Effect of Eight Weeks of Endurance Training on Positive and Negative Gradients with Royal Jelly on Hippocampal Concentration of Carbonyl Protein and Pain Tolerance Threshold of Trimethylettin-treated Alzheimer’s Rats
Hamid Mousazadeh Nematollah Nemati Tahereh BagherpoorIncreased oxidative stress causes neuronal damage and incidence of chronic pains in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of endurance exercises in positive (PST) and negative (NST) slope with ro MoreIncreased oxidative stress causes neuronal damage and incidence of chronic pains in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of endurance exercises in positive (PST) and negative (NST) slope with royal jelly (RJ) on the hippocampal concentration of protein-carbonyl (PC) and pain tolerance threshold (PT) of Alzheimer’s rats with trimethyltin (TMT). In this experimental study, 49 Alzheimer’s rats with intraperitoneal injection of 8 mg/kg neurotoxin TMT were randomly divided into seven groups :(1) AD, (2) sham (normal saline) (Sh), (3) PST, (4) NST, (5) PST + RJ, (6) NST + RJ, and (7) RJ. To investigate the effect of Alzheimer’s disease on research variables, seven rats were included in the healthy control group (C). PST (with the speed of 16 m/min at positive slope (+15%)) and NST (with the speed of 16 m/min at negative slope (-15%)) interventions were carried out for eight weeks, five sessions per week and 60 minutes per session. RJ (dissolved in normal saline) was intraperitoneally consumed for eight weeks at 100 mg/kg /day. One-way ANOVA test along with Tukey post-hoc test were used in SPSS 22 software to investigate the intergroup difference (P ≤0.05). NST caused to decrease hippocampal level of PC (P = 0.001) and PT, as well as PST caused to decrease PT (P = 0.001). NST + RJ caused to decrease the hippocampal levels of PC (P = 0.001) and PT (P = 0.001) in rats with Alzheimer’s disease. Moreover, PT significantly reduced in the PST + RJ group (P = 0.001). PC hippocampal levels in the NST + RJ group were lower than in the PST + RJ group (P = 0.001). It seems that NST alone and with RJ have analgesic (anti-pain) and oxidative stress reduce effects. Although the interaction of PST and RJ had analgesic effects, the need of more studies on oxidative stress reducing effects is felt following PST and RJ consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - The Interactive Effect of Running on Different Slopes with the Use of Royal Jelly on the Concentration of Some Antioxidants in an Animal Model of Trimethyltin-treated Alzheimer’s
Hamid Mousazadeh Nematollah Nemati Tahereh BagherpoorAlthough the role of exercise and royal jelly in the health of Alzheimer’s patients has been reported, the interaction effect of these two variables on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is still not well understood. Therefore, the present MoreAlthough the role of exercise and royal jelly in the health of Alzheimer’s patients has been reported, the interaction effect of these two variables on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is still not well understood. Therefore, the present study was aimed at investigating the interactive effect of positive slope running (PSR) and negative slope running (NSR) with royal jelly on SOD and GPx concentrations in a trimethyltin (TMT) Alzheimer’s animal model. In this experimental trial, 49 rats in the age range of 8-10 weeks, weighing 190-220 g, Alzheimer’s with 8 mg/kg TMT were assigned into seven groups including group one: TMT, group two: sham, group three: Royal jelly, group four: positive slope, group five: negative slope, group six: royal jelly + positive slope and group seven: Royal jelly + negative slope. Moreover, to investigate the effect of Alzheimer’s induction on the research variables, seven healthy rats were included in the healthy control group following the positive slope and negative slope exercises for eight weeks, three sessions per week and each session ran for 60 minutes on a positive 15 and negative 15 slope on the treadmill. Besides, 100 mg/kg of royal jelly was peripherally injected into rats daily. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey post hoc test and two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS 22 software were used to analyze the data (p ≤ 0.05). Negative slope increased SOD and GPx in hippocampal tissue of AD rats. PSR and royal jelly increased GPx. Positive slope and royal jelly and negative slope and royal jelly groups had a significant effect on increasing SOD and GPx. Positive and negative slopes and royal jelly seem to improve antioxidant defense; furthermore, the interaction of positive slope and royal jelly and the interaction of negative slope and royal jelly are more desirable than the effect of each alone. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Analytical Study of Fate – Determinism and Free will – Torment and Calamity and Toil from the Viewpoint of Theologians and Attar Nishabouri
Mohammad Hassan Saeni Tooraj AghdaeeAbstract The implication of fate and the study of determinism and free will, the analysis of torment and calamity have had profound relationship with the cultural, literal traditions of Iran since the ancient times; which has MoreAbstract The implication of fate and the study of determinism and free will, the analysis of torment and calamity have had profound relationship with the cultural, literal traditions of Iran since the ancient times; which has originated from thoughtful and moderate essence of man and has always been associated with man's creation. Is human being in need of analyzing the dimensions of his existence? Such a need is no doubt in the traits of his rational beliefs and is necessary to deal with the Divine's profound implication and their impact on man's life and his tackle with the types of calamity and pains in his life. Man's fate, from his birth has been determined in the presence of Almighty and man throughout his life is the owner of his destiny and choose whatever approach, whether good or bad and lead it to the eternity and register the consequence of his deed in his individual charter. Islam invites man to speculate about the initiation and the terminal of creation and bewares him from mere dependence on the mundane life and leads him toward the creator and the death and what comes aftermaths. Of the significant Divine specification is that man is encouraged to develop to have a kind and ideal life which must be in accordance with the correct criteria of wisdom. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Intertextual Analysis of Sacred Defense Paintings
nayere mobinipour mohammadali khabari Mohammadreza SharifzadehTo read a text, you need previous and contemporary texts, and no text is independent of its predecessors. Since every work of art is a text, a painting can also be considered a text. Due to the appropriateness of Gerard Genet's intertextual theory with the subject, it h MoreTo read a text, you need previous and contemporary texts, and no text is independent of its predecessors. Since every work of art is a text, a painting can also be considered a text. Due to the appropriateness of Gerard Genet's intertextual theory with the subject, it has been used as a theoretical framework. The painting of the Holy Defense has its own semantic and aesthetic system that is different from each other. Tastes both in the production and in the acceptance of works of art change depending on the social transformation that has taken place in terms of the structural nature of the work under study. This article intends to answer the questions of how the painting of the Holy Defense was able to represent this subject through text and image and convey it to the audience and how to describe it in the form of aesthetics. The method is fundamental in terms of purpose and based on historical, descriptive and analytical methods in terms of nature. Considering the study of sacred defense paintings and semantics and the reproduction of the sacred concept of war by paintings (texts) and how the concept of sacred warfare is reproduced by images and their role in the reproduction and desecration of war is presented as the final result. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Discourse Analysys of Holy Defense Painting
nayere mobinipour Mohammadreza Sharifzadeh mohammadali khabariHaving a profound effect on the process of the formation of post-war currents, the painting of war has emerged in a particular discourse context. In this paper, both text and context are studied. Due to the exceptional subject matter and ability of Laclau and Chant MoreHaving a profound effect on the process of the formation of post-war currents, the painting of war has emerged in a particular discourse context. In this paper, both text and context are studied. Due to the exceptional subject matter and ability of Laclau and Chantal Mouffe’s theory of discourse in explaining all socio-political phenomena, this theory has been considered as a theoretical framework and the paintings of holy defense and their representations of war and the production of new discourse have been discussed. Since paintings are an important source of representation of the state of war, a number of artists' works during the holy defense were subsequently analyzed by discourse and read text and context through selected samples of war and postwar paintings. The war and post-war paintings constitute this research data, and several samples are selected from. The selection was based on discourse analysis and textual analysis and purposive sampling was used to choose the statistical society. The following research indicates that the concepts of guardianship, martyrdom, martyr, defense, resistance, jihad, etc. in Iranian culture mixed with Islamic culture have been considered sacred in the war and reestablished by discourse. Referring to these concepts and elements, the mythical symbols in the images, reestablishing of the concept “holy”, and the central signification of some of the key artists’ works in these two periods became apparent in this research. The discourse of the revolution painting is encountered with that of war under the influence of socio-political factors and the shift of relations’ power with fundamental changes in the way in which the war is represented Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - The effect of colchicin on pain and function of patients with primary knee osteoarthritis
Mohammad Mahdi Nejad Kashani Atefeh Gilan VarnosfaderaniBackground and objective:As crystals may contribute to inflammation in osteoarthritis (OA), it is hypothesized that colchicines may affect on symptoms of patients with primary knee OA. Our objective was to evaluate the symptomatic benefits of colchicines on pain and fun MoreBackground and objective:As crystals may contribute to inflammation in osteoarthritis (OA), it is hypothesized that colchicines may affect on symptoms of patients with primary knee OA. Our objective was to evaluate the symptomatic benefits of colchicines on pain and function of patients with primary knee OA. Methods: There were 180 patients in two groups (90 in colchicines and 90 in control group), enrolled in this study. Those patients with chronic hepatitis, gastrointestinal or hematologic diseases were excluded. At the first, age, sex, pain and knee function were registered. Using visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain and koos ps criteria for knee function. The Case group received 0.5mg colchicines twice a day and both groups received diclophenac in order to use if they had pain. Pain and knee function was measured again after 3 months. For analyzes SPSS v.20 and Statistica v.10 has been used. Results: Mean age of patients was 60±5.4 years (50-70), and 53.9% were women. There was no significant difference between two groups considering percentage of pain relief (P>0.05). Also there was no significant correlation between pain relief percentage and age, sex, or affected side. But function of knee was significantly higher in case group after 3months (P=0.019). The patients function recovery percentage was statically significant in case group (P=0.001). The relation of function with age (less than 60) P=0.001, sex (women) P=0.004 and affected side (Bilateral) P=0.003 was significant. Conclusion:More studies are needed in order to routine usage of colchicines in osteoarthritis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - بررسی اثرتزریق پاراستامول وریدی در انتهای عمل جراحی بر میزان درد پس از عمل سزارین
Hamed Beyzaee Maria Alian Parisa Najafi Ziba ZohourianBackground and aims: postoperative analgesia is one of the most concerns of anesthesiologist and patients. Systemic opioids administration is the gold standard in reducing the severe pain after surgery but some side effects prevent the use of adequate doses of opioids. MoreBackground and aims: postoperative analgesia is one of the most concerns of anesthesiologist and patients. Systemic opioids administration is the gold standard in reducing the severe pain after surgery but some side effects prevent the use of adequate doses of opioids. The aim of this study was evaluation the effect of intravenous paracetamol at the end of caesarian section procedure on postoperative pain. Methods: in this case-control clinical trial, 60 women condidate for caesarian section (ASA I-II) were enrolled. They randomely allocated in two groups for postoperative pain (n=30), one group received 1 gr paracetamol attenuated in normal saline, infused per 20 minutes at the end 20 minutes of surgery and 6 hours later and control group. Recieved nothing. Pain severity was evaluated exactly then, 1,3,6 hours after surgery, by visual analog scale. Results: mean age and weight of mothers was 26.7±5.2 years and 73.2±8 kg respectively. 55% of mothers were nuliparity and others were multipar. There was no differences between two groups considering age, weight, pariety, paracetamol caused no significant effect on blood pressure (systolic and diastolic)and heart rate. Also although there was a significant trend in pain severity in both groups, there was no significant difference between two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: As there was no significant effect on sever postoperative pain using intervenous paracetamol , future studies on th effect of that on mild to intermediate pain is suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - بررسی اثر تزریق وریدی استامینوفن(آپوتل) در تسکین درد پس از عمل ابدومینوپلاستی
Naser Sanjar Mousavi Rozita KhaliliBackground:Pain management is a crucial component in the postoperative care of patient. Opioids,which have been the mainstay of postoperative pain control for some time, are being used less because of significant adverse effects. Recently Intravenous acetami MoreBackground:Pain management is a crucial component in the postoperative care of patient. Opioids,which have been the mainstay of postoperative pain control for some time, are being used less because of significant adverse effects. Recently Intravenous acetaminophen that is a analgesic and antipyretic drug is used for reduce postoperative pain. Objective: Efficacy of Intravenous Acetaminophen (Apotel) in control of pain after abdominoplasty. Methods: In this clinical trial 60 patients who underwent abdominoplasty and were willing to participate in this research project were randomly divided into two groups A and B.After the patient is awaked the pain based VLAS scoring system recording in the questionnaire, in A group we used intravenous acetaminophen 1000 mg , Acetaminophen was administered every 6 hours up to 4 times and the pain in injection time and three hours after injection was record. Due to ethical considerations and the rights of patients, despite taking acetaminophen if the patient still had pain we used other methods such as intramuscular injection of 10 mg methadone or 100 mg diclofenac suppository. In group B, conventional methods of pain relief in patients with an intramuscular injection of 10 mg of methadone and diclofenac suppository mg 100 was used. Assessment of pain in these patients during and three hours after injection were performed. Results: In general, pain was different in the two groups and greater pain reduction was observed in the control group and the difference was statistically significant (p=0/024). the total amount of opioid that was, methadone 70 mg in acetaminophen group and methadone 1200 mg in control group, be differed. Also taking diclofenac as an analgesic supplement distributed 30% in the acetaminophen group and 50% in the control group (p=0/114). After review of adverse events in both groups no significant difference was found between the two groups (p>0/05).Alpha Conclusion: According to the information obtained, Intravenous acetaminophen is effective in reduction of postoperative pain after abdminoplasty and reducing opioids consumption. Therefore can be appropriate and available alternative of opioids in postoperative relieving pain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Effects of individual housing on visceral pain sensation in mice
M.R Rahimnejad,Individual housing can induce physiological and behavioral changes on domestic and laboratory animals. The aim ofthe present study was to investigate the effects of individual housing on visceral pain sensitivity. Mice were separatedfor 4 weeks until pain testing began. MoreIndividual housing can induce physiological and behavioral changes on domestic and laboratory animals. The aim ofthe present study was to investigate the effects of individual housing on visceral pain sensitivity. Mice were separatedfor 4 weeks until pain testing began. Their visceral pain sensitivity was compared to the group housed mice. Bothmale and female single-housed mice showed signifcantly reduced visceral pain sensitivity, but results showed thatthe reduction of pain was greater in individually-housed male mice. We could conclude that individual housing haseffects on pain sensation in mice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - A Study on the effect of Alpha and Beta adrenergic receptors on the Electro�Magnetic Field )EMF( analgesia
M.R Rahimnejad رامین HajikhaniThis study has been performed on ten quintet groups of mice. In fact, the role of adrenergic system on the effectof EMF on acute pain sensation has been examined treating with four drugs (yohimbine, xylazine, propranololand salbutamol). The animals were divided into two MoreThis study has been performed on ten quintet groups of mice. In fact, the role of adrenergic system on the effectof EMF on acute pain sensation has been examined treating with four drugs (yohimbine, xylazine, propranololand salbutamol). The animals were divided into two groups, the frst group were exposed to EMF (one hour in aday for 7 days), whereas the second group weren’t exposed to EMF. Both groups were treated with the drugs (IP)separately.The results revealed that Yohimbin (α2 Blocker) decreased and Xylazine (α2 Agonist) increased the analgesic effect of EMF on chronic pain but Propranolol (β1, β2, β3 Blocker) and Salbutamol (β2 Agonist) didn’t show anysignifcant different in analgesic effect of EMF on acute pain.In conclusion we can say that the EMF has the antinociceptive effect on the chronic pain threshold via adrenergicsystem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Effect of Electromagnetic Fields on Visceral Pain
R. Hajikhani M.R Rahimnejad A. ZarghamiAlthough numerous factors participate in pain sensation, effcient studies have never been done on these factorsyet. Among these factors modifying effect of Electro Magnetic Field (EMF) on both intensity and duration of painsensation is undeniable.This study has been don MoreAlthough numerous factors participate in pain sensation, effcient studies have never been done on these factorsyet. Among these factors modifying effect of Electro Magnetic Field (EMF) on both intensity and duration of painsensation is undeniable.This study has been done on two groups of mice In order to investigate the effect of electromagnetic felds on visceralpain. The frst group were exposed to EMF (one hour in a day for 7 days), where as the second group weren’t. Bothgroups were treated with the acetic acid Intra-Peritoneally for measurement of visceral pain separately.The results revealed that Exposure of mice to electromagnetic feld led to in signifcant and considerable reductionof visceral pain sensation. Understanding the mechanisms creating analgesic effects of electromagnetic feldsrequires further studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Effect of individual housing on chronic pain in mice
M.R Rahimnejad رامین Hajikhani M.U Aguilar MerchenIndividual housing and social isolation means falling apart from fellow in man and social animals is consideredone powerful stressful event through several studies that has been shown negative effects of individual housingon various aspects of physiological function of MoreIndividual housing and social isolation means falling apart from fellow in man and social animals is consideredone powerful stressful event through several studies that has been shown negative effects of individual housingon various aspects of physiological function of living organisms such as laboratory, domestic and farm animals.In this study 20 mice (10 male and 10 female) have been divided into 2 groups (social and individual housing) andhave been maintained for one month in this condition then the rate of chronic pain were measured with formalintest. The results indicated reduction of chronic pain in male and female individually housed mice but this reductionwas signifcantly greater in male mice. For understanding mechanisms involved in this process, further studies inthe felds of neurochemical changes due to social isolation and sex differences in behavioral changes induced bysocial isolation are recommended Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Alteration of chronic pain sensation due to the blocking of the cholinergic system
R. Hajikhani M.R RahimnejadNumerous neurotransmitters are responsible for in sensation and process of pain in the nervous system. But therole of cholinergic system has not been properly studied. Thus in order to study the cholinergic antagonistic effectsin pain, the effect of atropine (10 mg/ kg/ MoreNumerous neurotransmitters are responsible for in sensation and process of pain in the nervous system. But therole of cholinergic system has not been properly studied. Thus in order to study the cholinergic antagonistic effectsin pain, the effect of atropine (10 mg/ kg/IP) on chronic pain, has been studied on male and female mice byintraplantar injection of 2.5% formalin (Formalin test).The results obtained indicated that male mice treated by atropine had a higher pain threshold in comparison tothe reference group. In the meantime, this test in the female reference group showed a significant increase in thethreshold of pain. No Significant difference has been shown between male and female experimental groups.The findings of this research indicated that anticholinergic compounds, such as atropine can reduce chronic pain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - The role of adrenergic system on the effect of EMF on acute pain sensation
M.R Rahimnejad, M.R. ZarindastAlthough numerous factors participate in pain sensation, efficient studies have never been performed on these factors yet. Among these factors modifying effects of Electro Magnetic Field (EMF) on both intensity and durationof pain sensation is undeniable.This study has MoreAlthough numerous factors participate in pain sensation, efficient studies have never been performed on these factors yet. Among these factors modifying effects of Electro Magnetic Field (EMF) on both intensity and durationof pain sensation is undeniable.This study has been performed on ten quintet groups of mice. In fact, the role of adrenergic system on the effect ofEMF on acute pain sensation has been examined treating with four drugs (yohimbine, xylazine, propranolol andsalbutamol). The animals were divided into two groups, the first group were exposed to EMF (one hour in a dayfor 7 days), whereas the second group did not. Both groups were treated with the drugs (IP) separately.The results revealed that Yohimbin (α2 Blocker) decreased and Xylazine (α2 Agonist) increased the analgesiceffect of EMF on acute pain but Propranolol (β1, β2, β3 Blocker) and Salbutamol (β2 Agonist) didn’t show anysignificant difference in analgesic effect of EMF on acute pain.In conclusion, the results showed that the EMF has the antinociceptive effect on the acute pain threshold via adrenergic system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - A study on the influence of electromagnetic felds on acute pain relief
R. Hajikhani M.R. RahimnejadContact increasing of living creatures to electromagnetic felds cause concerns about feld interaction with physiological function of organisms. This survey has done on female and male mice. And, it examined effects of exposure of EMF (1 hour in day, for 7 days) and s MoreContact increasing of living creatures to electromagnetic felds cause concerns about feld interaction with physiological function of organisms. This survey has done on female and male mice. And, it examined effects of exposure of EMF (1 hour in day, for 7 days) and sexuality on acute pain induced by tail immersion test using 52C ̊ hot water. Results of several experiments reveal, apart from sexuality, EMF had a same decreasing effect on mice’s pain threshold. In conclusion, the results showed that the EMF has the antinociceptive effects on the acute pain threshold Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - The Impact of Political Developments on Contemporary Iranian Painting with Emphasis on the Political Teachings of the Islamic Revolution
shahnaz Alipuri moradi Soheila dizgeliThe purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the Islamic Revolution on contemporary Iranian painting. Art as a part of human life has always undergone changes. The changes that have influenced the external factors in their context and of which these factor MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the Islamic Revolution on contemporary Iranian painting. Art as a part of human life has always undergone changes. The changes that have influenced the external factors in their context and of which these factors are influenced, of course, seem to have been most of these external factors that weigh heavily on the artist and the artist and are his means of arousal. This research is an attempt to identify the various influential factors whose origins in politics in the context of contemporary Iranian history and at specific points in time that have created artistic movements. According to the findings of the present study, it can be said that what has been the focus of art throughout the history of this field is the social factors, and these social factors are more influenced by political developments and politicians are the main actors in this scene. . Thus, the Islamic Revolution has influenced the contemporary factors of the above mentioned contemporary painting in Iran. As you can see, this effect is quite evident in the works created. The turning point of the influence of the Islamic Revolution on contemporary paintings is the imposing war that had all the paintings and paintings created with the colors and scents of the goals of the revolution. Then there was a great change in the paintings created in the seventies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - The effectiveness of the stress reduction program based on mindfulness on pain indexs (pain acceptance and intensity) and adherence to treatment regimen in patients with chronic kidney failure
Behzad BehrouzPurpose: This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of the mindfulness-based stress reduction program on pain indexs(pain acceptance and intensity)and adherence to the treatment regimen in patients with chronic kidney failure. Material an MorePurpose: This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of the mindfulness-based stress reduction program on pain indexs(pain acceptance and intensity)and adherence to the treatment regimen in patients with chronic kidney failure. Material and Methods: The research was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with two experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the study included all men with chronic kidney failure who referred to the kidney disease department of Shohada Hospital in Kermanshah in 2023 That 30 people were selected by targeted sampling method and replaced in two equal groups of 15 people. In order to collect information, the questionnaire of adherence to the treatment regimen(Seyed Fatemi et al., 2017),acceptance of pain(McCracken and Wells, 2004) and pain intensity questionnaire(McGill, 2009)were used. Data were analyzed by multivariate covariance analysis and SPSS-26 statistical software. Results: The results showed that the stress reduction program based on mindfulness improved the average score of the total pain indexs including pain acceptance(F=27.017, P=0.008 and η=0.523)and pain intensity(F=24.707, P=0.009 and η=0.457)and each of their dimensions was effective in the subjects of the experimental group(P<0.01). Also, the findings showed that this intervention program was effective in the post-test phase in the subjects of the experimental group on increasing adherence to the treatment regimen(F=23.486, P=0.007 and η=0.503)had an effect (P<0.01). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, therapists' use of intervention programs in centers that provide treatment services to chronic patients along with drug therapy can have beneficial results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Interaction of central stabilizer and neuromuscular trainings with hopping on pain and function of women with functional ankle instability
Elham Falahat Pisheh صدرالدین شجاع الدینThe purpose of this research was to compare the effect of six weeks of combined exercises (central stabilizer and neuromuscular) and hopping on pain and functional characteristics of women with functional ankle instability. 30 active women with functional ankle instabil MoreThe purpose of this research was to compare the effect of six weeks of combined exercises (central stabilizer and neuromuscular) and hopping on pain and functional characteristics of women with functional ankle instability. 30 active women with functional ankle instability They voluntarily participated in this study and randomly participated in three groups of ten people: combined exercises, hopping and control. Before and after the exercises, all subjects were re-tested in order to check the amount of pain and functional characteristics. In order to check the pain level, the VAS pain questionnaire was used to check the functional characteristics of the lateral jump test, Latin eight jump test, single leg triple jump test and the foot and ankle ability assessment questionnaire in daily and sports activities. Then, combined training groups (central stabilizer and neuromuscular) and hopping performed their exercises for six weeks (three sessions of 60 minutes per week). The results showed that performing six weeks of hopping exercises resulted in a greater improvement in performance compared to combined exercises (central stabilizer and neuromuscular) and combined exercises compared to hopping had a greater effect in improving ankle pain in women with functional ankle instability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - The Study on the “Fire Ordeal of Siavosh’s Paintings” Based on the Genette’s Trannstextuality
فاطمه ماه وانAbstract According to Genette’s theory Shahnameh is a hypotext and its pictures and drawings are considered as hypertext. Now this question arises that under what circumstances hypertexts of drawings are in accordance with hypotext of Shahnameh and in what MoreAbstract According to Genette’s theory Shahnameh is a hypotext and its pictures and drawings are considered as hypertext. Now this question arises that under what circumstances hypertexts of drawings are in accordance with hypotext of Shahnameh and in what circumstances they undergo transformation and change. To answer these questions comparative and semiotic approach are applied to both Shahnameh and its drawings. The tale of fire trial of Siavash which is the most popular and frequent scenes portrayed in the tradition of Persian paintings is chosen. The present article deals with the role of intertextual relationship between Shahnameh and its pictures in production of its paintings and the study seeks to examine and express how the narrative text had been transformed into a pictorial version. The study deals with the following questions: From the standpoint of intertextual relationship to what extent the painting of Siavash’s fire trial shows direct reference to the text? To what extent the narrative in terms of images undergo changes or rather stay intact? The research method is as follows: First the narrative is studied in terms of interpreting the symbolism of the main elements, then comparative approach is applied to the image version of the narrative. Finally employing Genette’s transtextuality theory, the paintings are analyzed from two perspectives to verify whether or not modifications had taken place in the process of transition of the theme from the text to the image. The purpose of the article is to provide a practical example to express how the theory of transtextuality lends itself to the body of Persian art studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Artistic and literary analysis of dream in the text and the painting of the tale “Tus sees Siavash in a dream” from the perspective of criticism of imagination devised by Gaston Bachelard
hamideh hormati Roya Rezapour MogaddamArtistic and literary analysis of dream in the text and the painting of the tale “Tus sees Siavash in a dream” from the perspective of criticism of imagination devised by Gaston Bachelard *Hamideh Hormati Assistant Professor, Persian Literature, Fa MoreArtistic and literary analysis of dream in the text and the painting of the tale “Tus sees Siavash in a dream” from the perspective of criticism of imagination devised by Gaston Bachelard *Hamideh Hormati Assistant Professor, Persian Literature, Faculty member, Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran **Roya Rezapour Moghadam Faculty member, Faculty of Islamic Art, Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran Date of reception: 96/8/27 Date of acceptance: 97/10/19 Abstract Gaston Bachelard, epistemologist, critic, philosopher, recognized as the prime structuralists of France had pioneered a new style of criticism based on the analysis and interpretation of artistic and literary images. Having based his criticism on the four elements, he believed a great deal in material imagination of the poet and its connection with the unconscious and phenomenological issues. From his epistemological perspective, dream and poetic imagination through the four elements and in terms of mythological archetypes for obvious and obscure reasons find material manifestations. In order to accept the literary role as well as invoking the feelings of the audience dreams appear with dual images. Analysis and interpretation of the material imagination and this duality respectively unravels the mystery of the text. The tale of “Tus sees Siavash in a dream” is one of the ten narratives in shahnameh which was painted beautifully in Shah Tahmasb’s Shahnameh as a unique example of portraying dream world of the poet be materialized in the Persian painting. This article is an attempt to represent the ancient connection between literature and art, painting in particular from the view point of material imagination using Bachelard’s ideas regarding poet’s imagination and its correspondence with the painting only to determine the standpoint of four elements in Ferdowsi’s imagination and how they found expression in terms of words and images, also to reveal to what extent they correspond with Bachelard’s criticism of imagination in poetry and painting. According to the findings it can be said that the poet and the painter had made use of Bachelard’s material imagination and dialectic duality in creation of their works. * . hormati@tabriziau.ac.ir ** . rezapour@tabrizau.ac.ir Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - The description and the study of Rostam’s array in Shahnameh, Paris manuscript 953HG
Nafiseh Zamani Farzane FarrokhfarAbstract Rostam, reputed as one who wears a talismanic tiger skin is a preeminent legendary hero in the Shahnameh of Ferdowsi. Ferdowsi dresses him with an armor called Babre Bayan, and a hat made from the skin of the white demon according to the epic narratives in the MoreAbstract Rostam, reputed as one who wears a talismanic tiger skin is a preeminent legendary hero in the Shahnameh of Ferdowsi. Ferdowsi dresses him with an armor called Babre Bayan, and a hat made from the skin of the white demon according to the epic narratives in the west. Therefore this array becomes Rostam’s pictorial identity seen in most illustrated editions of Shahnmeh. Among the illustrated copies, Paris manuscript 953 belonging to the second school in Tabriz and Gazvin in the Safavid period is regarded a suitable source for the purpose of this article since it displays clear pictures of Rostam’s garments. Since cultural symbols in myths are represented in the art works this research is a step taken to identify and find the origin of the symbols and in this way one can also determine to what extent historical pictures correspond with the mythic symbols. This article raises the question that to what extent the illustrator of the Paris edition used clothing to portray Rostam as a legendary epic figure? According to the studies conducted it was verified that the illustrator of the Paris 953 edition had been well informed of the Shahnameh text, and under the influence of narrative imagery in portraying Rostam in battle, had profited from the clothing in order to induce the mythic character of Rostam while remaining loyal to the customary example of this time that is the Safavid era. This point must be emphasized that the artist of the tenth century due to the existence of appropriate artistic and scientific opportunities and the ability to access the illustrated editions of preceding centuries was cultivated in a milieu where he could express his artistic talents by using clothing with utmost care in such a way to portray Rostam’s massive extraordinary strength in Shahnameh 953. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - The study of epic aspects in the dramatic art of illustrated storytelling “Parda Khwani”
Majid FadaeiAbstract Recitation is a kind of epic storytelling using screens on which are displayed illustrated scenes drawn from epic, mythological, and religious stories. Putting together three elements of speech, picture, and performance made this art to be counted as the MoreAbstract Recitation is a kind of epic storytelling using screens on which are displayed illustrated scenes drawn from epic, mythological, and religious stories. Putting together three elements of speech, picture, and performance made this art to be counted as the most influential and dramatic form of epic storytelling in between the traditional Iranian arts. However despite possessing unique characteristics, by comparison to other Persian arts recitation has not been studied thoroughly. This article is an attempt to deal with the recitation origins of this dramatic art of illustrated storytelling and the manner of its performance, and also examine its epic aspects. The results obtained show that its history and origin goes back to the period before Islam in particular to the time that Mani, the Persian painter prophet emerged. After Islam and in particular in Safavid era recitation received ample attention and this art was developed since due to retaining epic aspects, it was assumed as a unifying art. Based on the researches, this epic aspect of this ancient art were drawn from Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh narrative and religious epics, being the main source for naqqals’ narratives. The epic present in the narrative conveyed epic aspect to the other two chief components of the recitation that is painting and performance in such a way that one can name recitation the epic art of illustrated recitation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Intercultural Shahnameh: A study of the illustrated version of the Great Ilkhanid Shahnameh
Fatemeh MahvanAbstractThe Great Ilkhanid Shahnameh is one of the masterpieces of the Mongol era in Tabriz school. This illustrated manuscript well expresses the visual narration of the Ilkhanid kings and artistic relations of that time. This study examines these illustrat MoreAbstractThe Great Ilkhanid Shahnameh is one of the masterpieces of the Mongol era in Tabriz school. This illustrated manuscript well expresses the visual narration of the Ilkhanid kings and artistic relations of that time. This study examines these illustrations from the perspective of visual features to show how Iraninan and Far Eastern art were intertwined in this work. This connection is quite evident in the display of chinese mongolian portraits and the manner of illustrating nature (tree, mountain, cloud). Moreover other illustrated features in this version such as the symbolic Farr of kings, picturing the battle scenes and mourning rituals are also examined. In some cases the paintings are compared with their counterparts in Jamee al Tavarikh both belong to the same era using the same style. The results show that the artistic style of many cultures are intermingled in the illustrations of the Great Ilkhanid Shahnameh. On one hand the influence of the Chinese painting in depicting portraits and scenary is evident and on the other hand Mongolian culture dominates the paintings. Moreover the theme of the illustrations is rooted in the paintings of the ancient Iran. One can even find traces of influence of the fartetched art such as Byzantine art in this work. Therefore this version of Shahnameh can be regarded as an intercultural Shahnameh which blends many cultural traditions such as Mongolian, Chinese, old Persian, and Byzantine into one unified copy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - The comparative study of the Indian Garuda with Simorgh in Persian Miniatures (Safavid era)
Zahra Mohseni Abolghasem Dadvar Seyyed Ali Asghar MirfattahEver since antiquity Iran and India were considered as rich ancient civilizations and their common cultural origin was the reason to leave behind symbols, signs and mysteries alike for later generations. The study of these common cultural characteristics by way of MoreEver since antiquity Iran and India were considered as rich ancient civilizations and their common cultural origin was the reason to leave behind symbols, signs and mysteries alike for later generations. The study of these common cultural characteristics by way of search for the surviving symbols from those golden era help to unveil mysteries hidden in the labyrinth of history. In Persian paintings after Islam, the striking image of a bird is seen. Aesthetically speaking this is a massive bird with gigantic wings and beautiful colors in the heart of nature called Simorgh, a major mythological motif clearly manifested in our poetry and literary culture of our past. Similarly Garuda in Indian literary tradition is the counterpart of Simorgh famous as “king of birds” is considered as one of the Gods of animal origin, flies faster than the wind and serves as the mount of Vishnu respected greatly by the Hindus. The image of Simorgh and Garuda are among the most beautiful images masterly employed in the embellishments of many works in the Islamic art particularly in paintings of the Safavid period. The purpose of this article is to explain the symbolic roles of these two birds in their respective cultures and then make a comparative study using a descriptive method to show their impact in the miniatures of the Safavid period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - The study of symbolic imagery of Farr (In connection with the images in Shahnameh)
Fatemeh Mahvan Mohammad Jafar Yahaghi Farzad GhaemiMotifs used in Shahnameh’s imagery are on one hand in connection with the textual sign systems and on the other hand are of a nature belonging to the visual sign system. An example from this dual system of textual-visual kind is seen in the visual motifs of heaven MoreMotifs used in Shahnameh’s imagery are on one hand in connection with the textual sign systems and on the other hand are of a nature belonging to the visual sign system. An example from this dual system of textual-visual kind is seen in the visual motifs of heavenly concept of farr. In textual system, Kiani Farr refers to Shah’s legitimacy. Researches made in this regard generally describe the concept of Farr, and deal with its application in Shahnameh and ancient texts. The emphasis of these works is mostly on the semantic aspect of Farr. This essay however attempts to study the concept of Farr from another approach. Looking for its meaning among the images to find out how the visual artists depicted the concept of Farr. Thus the attempt is made in this article to seek and find symbolic imagery in between the images in Shahnameh, rock reliefs, and images depicted in banners. For this reason apart from the textual sources, one made use of visual sources as well. Studying the images illustrate that Farr is manifested in form of three motifs of light, bird and crown. These three motifs each has different manifestations dealt with in detail in this study. The purpose of this research is to find the symbols of Farr by inspection of visual sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Kaabol’s Shahnameh of the Safavi era
Mahmoud TavoosiDespite the fact that hundreds of manuscripts of shahnameh have been investigated by the scholars, yet sometimes quite accidently mystery is unveiled from an abandoned and forsaken copy only to bewilder the eager artists and literary figures. Of such works, is a complet MoreDespite the fact that hundreds of manuscripts of shahnameh have been investigated by the scholars, yet sometimes quite accidently mystery is unveiled from an abandoned and forsaken copy only to bewilder the eager artists and literary figures. Of such works, is a complete Shahnameh, illustrated and gilded with beautiful calligraphy produced by the calligrapher Abdul Razzagh Ghazvini and with the artistic collaboration of other infamous painters in the year 1044 Hijra found in Ghazvin’s Darossaltaneh. This invaluable manuscript is currently kept in the national archive of Kabul, in Afghanistan and has not yet been introduced to the artistic and literary circles. The purpose of this article is to introduce this artistic work for the first time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Suffering from Mawlana's point of view
Iraj ShahbaziImagining life without suffering is certainly contrary to the common sense, hence the concept of suffering and pain has always preoccupied the mind of thinking men however differently expressed. Mawlana contemplated this idea profoundly. In this article Mawlana's views MoreImagining life without suffering is certainly contrary to the common sense, hence the concept of suffering and pain has always preoccupied the mind of thinking men however differently expressed. Mawlana contemplated this idea profoundly. In this article Mawlana's views on different kinds of suffering, the reasons for it, and its revelating outcome has been investigated. Mawlana divides suffering into two major groups: First the kind of suffering man himself brings upon himself, and the second is the one God the beneficent bestows on man for his perfection, and growth. He regards the first kind arising from man's ignorance and his egoism, hence he rejects it. However, he accepts the suffering of the second kind for they emanate from God's grace with revelating outcomes in man's life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Semiotic Analysis of style in three illustrations of Shahnameh entitled “ Bahram kills a dragon”
Anahita Moghbeli Behnaz PayamaniAbstract Semiotics is concerned with the study of sign systems in social life. Semiotic theories are quite functional in the domain of analyzing artistic and pictorial works. In analysis of a visual text and style of works of art, semiotics MoreAbstract Semiotics is concerned with the study of sign systems in social life. Semiotic theories are quite functional in the domain of analyzing artistic and pictorial works. In analysis of a visual text and style of works of art, semiotics approach shades of meanings of a text. Artistic creation objectifies beauty and in Persian painter’s view the realm of beauty is synonymous with the ideal world. Space in Persian painting is a manifestation of the divine space and the artist in expressing it does not use a realistic language since his language is a language of sign and symbol. The purpose of this article is the comparative study of three paintings with the common title of “Bahram Gur kills a dragon” in three Shahnamehs, Sultan Abu Saeid (dated 730 HG), Shiraz School Shahnameh (dated 771 HG Kept at Top Kopi museum in Istanbul), and Mashhad-Qazvin School Shahnameh (dated 988 HG) respectively using semiotic and stylistic approach. First theideal world and its influence and reflection on the illustrations are discussed, then symbolic signs, figures and profiles in them are studied and in between, implicit meanings of dragon and theme of dragon killing are analyzed. Also Bahram’s character in myth and history are dealt with. The nature of this research is comparative, descriptive, and analytic. The outcome of the study shows that although the painter in portraying the original poetry is faithful, meanwhile he has not been a mere follower of the text but with choosing a selected part of the poem, he mingles it with imagination and artistic traditional values of his own era and in this way he presents his own creative portrayal of these themes Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - The Effectiveness of mindfulness integrated cognitive behavior therapy on pain syndrome, quality of life relative with health anxiety
Mostafa Parhizgar Fardin moradi manesh Naser Serajkhorrami parvin ehteshamzadehIrritable bowel syndrome is serious problems that can influence patient’s life situation. This illness, usually occur absence organic problem and it cause to disease, sick leave, decrease quality of life, avoid from social relations, absence and increase hea MoreIrritable bowel syndrome is serious problems that can influence patient’s life situation. This illness, usually occur absence organic problem and it cause to disease, sick leave, decrease quality of life, avoid from social relations, absence and increase health charge. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the Effectiveness of mindfulness integrated cognitive behavior therapy (MiCBT) on pain syndrome, quality of life relative with health, anxiety. Depression in Irritable Bowel Syndrome patients. For this purpose, semi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with control group, 24 subjects with Irritable Bowel Syndrome patients in Dezful were selected by available sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control group. The groups were evaluated before, immediately after in pain syndrome, quality of life relative with health, anxiety. Depression. The experimental group received integration group therapy in 8 sessions. The analysis of covariance data showed a significant difference between experimental and control groups in terms pain syndrome and quality of life relative with health, depression. Mindfulness integrated cognitive behavior therapy seems is able to decrease the pain syndrome, anxiety and depression in Irritable Bowel Syndrome patients and increase their quality of life relative with health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Investigating the Effectiveness of Mindfulness Therapy on Psychological Well-Being and Reducing Pain Symptoms in Children with Chronic Diseases
farangis demehri mahdiyeh azizi reyhane barghounChronic pain is a health problem that has a great impact on a person's emotions and physical and social functions. People with chronic diseases also face many psychological problems in addition to physical problems that these psychological factors mutually affect their MoreChronic pain is a health problem that has a great impact on a person's emotions and physical and social functions. People with chronic diseases also face many psychological problems in addition to physical problems that these psychological factors mutually affect their illness. This study aimed to study the effectiveness of mindfulness therapy on psychological well-being and pain symptoms in children with chronic diseases (diabetes). For this purpose, during a quasi-experimental study designed as pre-test and post-test, 30 children with diabetes in Yazd Diabetes Center were selected by available sampling method and were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control groups. Subjects were evaluated for psychological well-being and chronic pain symptoms before and after the study. The experimental group received a 10-session mindfulness therapy program. The results of covariance analysis showed that mindfulness therapy is effective in psychological well-being and reducing chronic pain symptoms. Mindfulness seems to help to understand that negative emotions may occur, but are not a permanent part of the personality and it also allows the individual to respond to events thoughtfully rather than involuntary, and mindfulness has a positive effect on psychological well-being and the reduction of chronic pain symptoms in children with chronic diseases (diabetes). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - The predictor role of disability induced by pain and fear of movement in family function, in musculoskeletal patients with chronic pain
Raheleh Kamar Mohsen Dehghani Ali Reza Kiyamanesh Nasrin Esmaieelian Fatemeh MirmohamadiChronic pain is a common problem in health that can lead to disability, in case it gets chronic. On the other hand, recent studies have emphasized that the context of the patient's family and the people who live with this patients are affected by this condition. This fa MoreChronic pain is a common problem in health that can lead to disability, in case it gets chronic. On the other hand, recent studies have emphasized that the context of the patient's family and the people who live with this patients are affected by this condition. This family interaction patterns affect the quality and life style. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between disability and fear of movement as a predictor variables with family functioning in musculoskeletal patients with chronic pain. To this end, through a descriptive study, correlational type, 82 patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain were selected from available samples. They were evaluated in terms of intensity of pain, disability, fear of movement and family functioning. The results of multiple regression analysis indicated weakness and fear of movement significantly predict the functioning of the family. Also, there is a significant difference between intensity of pain and disability and fear of movement in patients. It seems having chronic pain involves family system over time and becomes part of the disease. This study emphasizes on the importance of systematic approach in the study of pain based on the fact that individual and interpersonal variables have a significant mediator and moderator role in explaining the consequences of pain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - The effectiveness of cognitive – behavioral therapies and model- based therapy in reducing chronic musculoskeletal pain intensity
Ali Reza Shirazi Tehrani Fazlolah Mirdrikvand Mohammad Ali SepahvandiPain a phenomenon that is experienced by everyone during life. Psychological factors have a key role in continuation of chronic musculoskeletal pain. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of cognitive – behavioral therapy and model – based therap MorePain a phenomenon that is experienced by everyone during life. Psychological factors have a key role in continuation of chronic musculoskeletal pain. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of cognitive – behavioral therapy and model – based therapy in reducing pain intensity of the patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Therefore, in a quasi- experimental study with control group and follow up, 45 patients with diagnosis of chronic musculoskeletal pain by convenience randomly selected in private clinics and hospitals of Isfahan city and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The participants were evaluated for pain intensity in three phases of pretest, posttest and follow up. Each experimental groups experienced 10 sessions of psychotherapy. While the control group did not receive any intervention. Analysis of mixed variance showed that there were significant differences between experiment groups (cognitive – behavioral and model- based) and control group (waiting list). But there were not significant differences between cognitive – behavioral and model- based therapies in the reducing pain. This research showed that cognitive – behavioral and model- based therapies can be effective treatments in reducing chronic musculoskeletal pain patients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Predicting Alexithymia based on Early Maladaptive Schemas and Perfectionism Mediating the Role of Cognitive Flexibility in Patients with Chronic Pain
Lily Vakilian MORTEZA TARKHAN Javad KhalatbariChronic Pain is a weakening condition which not only exposes the person suffering to stress due to pain, but also encounters him or her with continuous tension and influences various aspects of his or her life and disturb it. The aim of the study, was prediction of Alex MoreChronic Pain is a weakening condition which not only exposes the person suffering to stress due to pain, but also encounters him or her with continuous tension and influences various aspects of his or her life and disturb it. The aim of the study, was prediction of Alexithymia based on early Maladaptive Schemas and Perfectionism with the Mediating role of Cognitive Flexibility in people with Chronic Pain. For this purpose, from the patients with Chronic Patients who have referred to Tehran hospitals, 300 people were chosen be convenience sampling and assessed regarding Alexithymia, Early Maladaptive Schemas, Perfectionism, and cognitive flexibility. Results of route analysis showed Cognitive Flexibility with the rate of 0.23 has negative effect on Alexithymia (p < 0.05). Among the areas of early Maladaptive Schemas, only the area of disrupted limitations in explanation of Alexithymia variance has 0.13 positive effect (p < 0.01). Another finding of the study showed that Maladaptive Perfectionism has the rate of -0.279 effect in explanation variance of Alexithymia (p < 0.01); and Adaptive Perfectionism in explanation of Cognitive Flexibility variance, has effect with the rate of 0.139 (P < 0.05). Ultimately, indirect effect of Adaptive Perfectionism with the effect rate of -0.035 on Alexithymia through Cognitive Flexibility is meaningful (P < 0.05). Manuscript profile
Sanad
Sanad is a platform for managing Azad University publications
Links
Related Centers
Technical Support
Official pages
The rights to this website are owned by the Raimag Press Management System.
Copyright © 2021-2024