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Open Access Article
1 - On the soft emission mechanism in X-ray pulsars
Paolo Cea -
Open Access Article
2 - Discovering and Surveying Multilevel Organizational Learning Mechanisms Influencing the Small and Medium Enterprises’ Policy-Making in Tehran Province
kambiz Navabizand Azar Kafashpoor shamsodin nazemi gholamreza MalekzadehThis study has been carried out with the objective of surveying the multilevel organizational learning mechanism effective on the SME policy-making activities in Tehran.This research has been conducted based on a qualitative-heuristic method. A three-stage approach will MoreThis study has been carried out with the objective of surveying the multilevel organizational learning mechanism effective on the SME policy-making activities in Tehran.This research has been conducted based on a qualitative-heuristic method. A three-stage approach will be utilized to identify the multilevel organizational learning processes and mechanisms. The first stage studies the scope of the literature existent on the subject and puts forth 48 codes. then enters the real environment between 10454 SME in Tehran. Due to the same reason, a questionnaire containing 55 questions was administered to 371 samples selected in a randomized manner and their information was collected. Eventually, the final model was obtained through blending the three previous approaches. based on the results, there were identified herein in discovery and intuition stage, interpretation stage and blending stage 41 mechanisms within the format of four topics, 20 mechanisms within the format of three topics and 9 mechanisms within the format of two topics, respectively. In the end, 16 mechanisms were placed within the format of three primary topics in the final institutionalization stage.The results can enhance the researchers and managers’ awareness of the organizational learning mechanisms that can per se contribute to the policy-making process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Facing and meaning making of Iranian users of virtual networks
mohammad saeed Zokaei simin veisiWith the expansion of virtual networks, the production and reading of texts has undergone fundamental changes so that previous theories are not able to explain all the existing reality. This study uses an ethnographic study of social networks to combine the theory of En MoreWith the expansion of virtual networks, the production and reading of texts has undergone fundamental changes so that previous theories are not able to explain all the existing reality. This study uses an ethnographic study of social networks to combine the theory of Encoding-Decoding and articulation of Stuart Hall to draw a semantic model of Iranian users in virtual networks. According to the findings, this space has special features such as scattering of thoughts, expanding on issues, simultaneous or alternating presence of strategy and tactics forces, and confiscation and re-confiscation of space. Furthermore, existence of neutral mechanisms, powerfull other dening mechanisms includes traumatizing, putting the same values on all issues, reacting to sanctifying policies, theatricality, and completing news puzzles, and mechanisms related to collective self-creation based on tactical forces including icon-making and the formation of crowds, seek to giving chance to tactical forces and in other words, all the agents who have no power in the official space. The Iranian reading space is also accompany with active / passive, cross-sectional / continuous, and limited, intermediate, and macro activities. Finally, according to the characteristics of space and the mentioned mechanisms, three dimensions, including the collective production and interpretation of texts, ignoring the news and oppositional dialogue, were added to the dimensions of Hall readings, which shows that space empowers all actors to making sense. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The assessment of ownership transfer mechanism in different types of unascertained sales of goods
پژمان PirooziAccording to Iran’s law, like many other countries, upon signing a sales agreementthe seller’s ownership shall be transferred. of course, not all sales agreements resultin immediate transfer of the seller’s ownership although ownership transfer uponsig MoreAccording to Iran’s law, like many other countries, upon signing a sales agreementthe seller’s ownership shall be transferred. of course, not all sales agreements resultin immediate transfer of the seller’s ownership although ownership transfer uponsigning a sales agreement has been accepted as a axiom and a general rule in manysales types transfer of ownership occurs at an interval from the signing time of thesales agreement and we are witness to a kind of deviation from ownership transfer atthe agreement signing time. Seller’s ownership transfer in an unascertained sales ofgoods and is considered to be a realization of law, and in this article we studiedownership transfer mechanism in these two types of sale of goods through andanalytical and comparative research which, from the author’s point of view, issuspending mechanism of these lines. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Presenting a model for the development of technological start-ups for the dynamics of external management mechanisms
pzhman hajatpour saber Mullah Alizadeh zovardehi allahkaram salehiThe purpose of this study is to provide a model for the development of technological startups for the dynamics of external organizational governance mechanisms. The research was in terms of developmental purpose, in terms of combined method (qualitative-quantitative). T MoreThe purpose of this study is to provide a model for the development of technological startups for the dynamics of external organizational governance mechanisms. The research was in terms of developmental purpose, in terms of combined method (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population in qualitative research included theoretical and experimental experts who were purposefully selected, including 20 senior managers of industrial companies of the stock exchange It was Tehran and sampling continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. In a small part, the statistical population included top, middle managers and supervisors of industrial companies of Tehran Stock Exchange, sampling done purposefully and 80 questionnaires obtained from this sample. The collection tools were semi-structured in the qualitative part of the interview and in the quantitative part of the researcher-made questionnaire (1400) which was based on the Likert scale (5 options). Research data analysis performed in the qualitative phase with Max Kyoda software and in the quantitative phase with LISREL software.The results in the qualitative section indicate the variables of strategic thinking, marketing mix, market opportunity identification and competitive functions as causal factors. Underlying factors include values, macro-environmental factors, and the emergence of new technologies, global approaches, and technological infrastructure. The consequences of this phenomenon expressed in the form of development of technological startups, value creation for businesses, technological advancement, value creation for society and revival of small businesses. In the quantitative part, the conceptual model of the presented research was tested and the research hypotheses confirmed.The development of technological start-ups for the dynamics of external governance mechanisms leads to synchronization and coordination with global changes and the external environment with the internal environment of the company and leads start-ups to gain a competitive advantage that is the basis of any company and can it created value for society and businesses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Instruments of Financial Regulation in Iran & U.K
Hossein Monavari Mohammad RasekhThe inherent complexities of financial market contracts, including those made within the money and capital markets, and the effect of the financial market on the totality of the economic system of a country by providing financial resources motivate governments to use va MoreThe inherent complexities of financial market contracts, including those made within the money and capital markets, and the effect of the financial market on the totality of the economic system of a country by providing financial resources motivate governments to use various instruments to secure finances and uphold public interests in these markets. The necessity to ensure the private interests of investors while minimizing and managing risks and the dual nature of regulation, which restricts market agents on one hand and constrains governmental intervention on the other, creates a vast continuum of regulatory instruments which are used in more or less all countries around the world in some manner. Regulation has transitioned through market crashes, government failures and the shortcomings of private law in attaining public and private interests, and has risen to the status of a government theory; it provides instruments and devices through which governments may select and deploy regulatory policies. In the present paper, Iran and the United Kingdom have been selected with respect to their differing points of departure on the regulation of financial markets and comparisons have been made regarding the strategies, methods, sanctions, resources and bodies which systematically facilitate one or many governmental policies which make up the regulatory mechanisms governing the financial markets in both countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Analysis of the relationship between Corporate Governance and Economic Value Added (EVA) in Tehran Stock Exchange
محمد رضا اولی مهدی قائمی اصل سعیده امین زادگان الناز عظیمیThe present study is based on experimental of the relationship between corporategovernance and economic value added With a sample of n = 122 firms listed in Tehran StockExchange during the period 1388 to 1385.The present study is descriptive - analytical studybased on p MoreThe present study is based on experimental of the relationship between corporategovernance and economic value added With a sample of n = 122 firms listed in Tehran StockExchange during the period 1388 to 1385.The present study is descriptive - analytical studybased on panel data. In analyzing the data stepwise and multiple regression methods wereused and to estimate regression fixed effects, random effects and ordinary least squaresmethods were used. The results indicate that among the five elements of corporate governanceonly institutional investor ownership variable have significant and positive impacts oneconomic value added. Moreover, causality of this variable with economic value added isconfirmed by Granger causality test. Iran Khodro investment in mining and metals andSaipa, respectively, have the highest impact on corporate governance on economic valueadded. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Effectiveness of firms leading mechanisms in order to reduce agenty costs
هاشم ولی پور علی خرّمThe relationship between firms leading mechanisms and agency costs in Tehranstock exchange firms was revised in this research. Data was gathered from 51 firmsduring the period of 1380-1387 . for hypothesis testing used panel analysed. Theresults showed that with 95% of MoreThe relationship between firms leading mechanisms and agency costs in Tehranstock exchange firms was revised in this research. Data was gathered from 51 firmsduring the period of 1380-1387 . for hypothesis testing used panel analysed. Theresults showed that with 95% of confidance there are negative and significant relationbetween percentag by institutional investors, percentage of shares owned bymanagers, percentage of board members of non author and short – term debt to totaldebt ratio and agency cost. The result of this research did not adopt with the firmsdept ratio by agency costs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of n-Pentanol by Tetramethylammonium Fluorochromate
Ali Shamel Farrokh Gharib -
Open Access Article
10 - Quantum-chemical modeling of the stacking mechanism for the 1H-4H proton transfer in pyridine derivatives. A DFT study
Jumber Kereselidze Marine Kvaraia George Mikuchadze -
Open Access Article
11 - Investigation of economic, social, cultural and managerial mechanisms in urban agriculture development (Case study of Karaj city)
Moharram-Ali Torabi Seyed Jamal Farajolah-Hosseini Seyed Mehdi Mirdamadi Farhad LashgararaDue to the growing population in cities, one of the most neglected issues is the urban agricultural development. This study seeks to investigate the impact of economic, social, cultural and managerial mechanisms on the development of urban agriculture in the Kraj city. MoreDue to the growing population in cities, one of the most neglected issues is the urban agricultural development. This study seeks to investigate the impact of economic, social, cultural and managerial mechanisms on the development of urban agriculture in the Kraj city. This research is of applied type and after presenting the basics of the subject and research background, the data obtained from the distribution of the questionnaire in the statistical population of 127 experts have been analyzed using Smart-PLS software. Based on the results of this study, the KMO number (greater than 0.7) and the significance number of Bartlett test (<0.05sig) indicate the appropriate factor analysis for the data. The results of this study indicate the appropriateness of all questions in the process of factor analysis and because the number of subscriptions to the questions is more than 0.5, the validity of the questions has been confirmed. Also, after analyzing the results in this study, it was found that four assumptions of this study, including economic mechanisms, social mechanisms, cultural mechanisms and management mechanisms and related items have affected the development of urban agriculture in Karaj. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Determining the model of factors affecting the adaptability of wheat farmers in mehran city in exposure to the particulate matter
mohammad sharifi alireza poursaed hamed chaharsoughi amin marjan vahediThe purpose of this study was to design an adaptive capacity model of wheat farmers in Mehran city in confronting with particulate matter and its effective factors. The statistical population included wheat farmers in Mehran city including 315 people for 14,500 hectares MoreThe purpose of this study was to design an adaptive capacity model of wheat farmers in Mehran city in confronting with particulate matter and its effective factors. The statistical population included wheat farmers in Mehran city including 315 people for 14,500 hectares of wheat lands. The sample size was estimated 173 of wheat farmers using the Cochran formula which increased to 180 to enhance the accuracy of the calculation. The random sampling method was used. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software. Bootstraping technique was used to evaluate the significance of path coefficients. Educational-extension mechanism (path coefficient = 0.446 and t-value = 3.409) and agronomic mechanism (path coefficient = 0.428 and t-value = 2.470) show a significant effect on adaptation to fine dust phenomenon have given. While the effect of managerial mechanism (path coefficient = 0.153 and t-value = 1.391), technical mechanism (path coefficient = 0.118 and t-value = 0.637) in this regard was not significant. Factors such as lack or lack of awareness, education and communication and extension weakness, conducting research without considering the adaptation and needs assessment and not simplifying their results for farmers, not considering the required credit and capital, not paying attention to adaptation to the phenomenon of fine dust. As a necessity, the lack of infrastructure to pave the way for implementation of activities compatible with the phenomenon of fine dust and the disproportionate tariffs for agricultural insurance can play a significant role in the non-significance of these mechanisms. However, the structure of adaptation to the fine dust phenomenon directly and the mechanisms related to it indirectly had very significant and significant effects on the adaptability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Preparation of a Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) plan for wood &Paper Iran Industry utilizing Proporm software within PIN forms formatting
Kobra Verij Kazemi Abdolreza Karbassi Parvin Nasiri Mohammad Sadegh SekhavatjouBackground and Objective: Undoubtely, concentration of green house gases increased in the atmosphere, so this caused an increasing in the earth temperature average.The best way in reducing of green house gases is the implement optimization of consuming energy and renewa MoreBackground and Objective: Undoubtely, concentration of green house gases increased in the atmosphere, so this caused an increasing in the earth temperature average.The best way in reducing of green house gases is the implement optimization of consuming energy and renewable energy and so Clean Development Mechanism. Method: This study implements perform software to consider five scenarios for the wood exploited in Iran Wood& Paper Industry. Essential economic analysis has been performed and efficiency of the optimization proceedings in diminishing greenhouse gasses has been evaluated. Also PIN reports regarding to this industry have been prepared. Findings:Results show that by replacing boilers currently in use with boilers with higher efficiency, an approximate 6360*1012 Joules saving in energy consumption in project’s 12year duration would be attained. During the same period, emission of greenhouse gases would decrease about 360 kilo tons, which is equivalent to a 30 kilo tons reduction per year. Discussion and Conclution: by Considering project’s investment requirement of 385 thousand dollars and its 13 year outcome of diminishing 360 kilo tons of greenhouse gas emission. Reduction amid low expenditures should support such projects so it could sell its supplemental. Coupons for 35 to 45 dollars per each ton of carbon dioxide in global markets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Application of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) for GHGs Emission Reduction in Haft Tappeh Sugarcane Factory
Elham Kazemi Farideh Atabi Nematollah Khorasani Seyed Mohammadreza HeibatiBackground and Objective: Energy consumption in food industries is high and increasing due to the growing population, inadequacy of cultivating farms, and life condition improvement. This growing consumption is a threat to the environment and human’s health. Sugar MoreBackground and Objective: Energy consumption in food industries is high and increasing due to the growing population, inadequacy of cultivating farms, and life condition improvement. This growing consumption is a threat to the environment and human’s health. Sugarcane industries are considered as high consuming industries which have a tangible impact on the environment and emission of greenhouse gases. Sugarcane industrial energy consumption share among other industries is 4.3% and more than 70% in total energy of food industry consumption. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of CMD application on the reduction of fossil fuel energy consumption and GHGs emission reduction in Haft Tappeh Sugarcane Factory. Method: The results of the factory energy auditing indicated that one of the proper methods to benefit from CMD is to replace the old boiler which has low efficiency with a new boiler. Pre-feasibility assessment of the environmental and economical aspects of implementing the project has been calculated using “Proform” software. It ran through three scenarios assuming the investment, installation, and maintenance costs; the new boiler consumption rate with higher efficiency and cost-effectiveness of replacing the new system with the old one having lower efficiency. Calculation was based on carbon credit value in global market. Results: As results show in case if scenario C is applied, the Net Present Value (NPV) will equal 21,000,000 dollars and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) will become 39.18%. Carbon credit was considered 20 dollars based on the reduction of CO2 equivalent which was calculated by carbon supply and demand market for CERs of CDM projects that are sold and purchased in carbon exchange market. IRR is higher than 16% discount rate; consequently, it proves that implementing such a project is cost-effective. Provided that the new high efficient boiler is used, the emission of CO2 equivalent during implementing the project-25 years- will reduce to 763,353 ton equal to CO2 equivalent; furthermore, 13,607,000 GJ is saved on consumption of natural gas. Conclusion: Considering the boilers with high energy consumption and low efficiency in this factory, the replacement of old boiler with the new one through CDM project is cost effective Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Application of New Technologies for Flare Gas Reduction in Iran, an Environmental Cost-Benefit Analysis
Zeinab Kasraei Ameneh Haji HeidariBackground and Objective: The large volumes of flared gas in Iran, leads to waste of energy reserves, loss of potential income and significant environmental pollution. In order to avoid gas flaring, the use of new technologies is necessary, in Iran as the world’s MoreBackground and Objective: The large volumes of flared gas in Iran, leads to waste of energy reserves, loss of potential income and significant environmental pollution. In order to avoid gas flaring, the use of new technologies is necessary, in Iran as the world’s third gas flaring country. Method: In this paper, an overview of new gas technologies has been provided and the cost-benefit analysis of utilizing gas to liquids technology has been conducted on flare gas in exploited‎ phases of “South-Pars” gas field refineries using COMFAR III software. Findings: The results show that application of gas to liquids technology in Iran for this purpose is economically justified with high net present value (NPV) and considerable internal rate of return (IRR) as the economic evaluation criteria. Discussion and Conclusion: Since environmental effects, social costs of pollutions and benefits of emissions reduction are included in environmental cost-benefit Analysis, valuation of the project has been also done considering the mentioned factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The Relationship between Voluntary Disclosure and Financial Performance with Emphasis on Corporate Governance Mechanisms
fahime safikhani Mohammadreza safikhani fatemeh besharatpourThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between voluntary disclosure and financial performance of companies and the effect of corporate governance mechanisms on financial performance and also the effect of corporate governance mechanisms on the rela MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between voluntary disclosure and financial performance of companies and the effect of corporate governance mechanisms on financial performance and also the effect of corporate governance mechanisms on the relationship between voluntary disclosure and financial performance of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, data related to 98 companies in the period from 2011 -2019 were collected. Multivariate regression was used to investigate the relationships between variables and the combined data method was used to test the hypotheses. Findings show that there is a positive and significant relationship between voluntary disclosure and financial performance of companies. In fact, increasing voluntary disclosure reduces agency problems by reducing information asymmetry between management and investors. As information asymmetry decreases, demand for transactions increases. As demand increases, stock prices rise and the company's financial performance improves. There is also a positive and significant relationship between corporate governance system (internal and external) and financial performance of companies. Companies with better governance mechanisms, narrower price gaps, higher stock quality, have the lowest price-volume impact. These factors lead to the optimal financial performance of the company. The corporate governance system also strengthens the link between voluntary disclosure and corporate financial performance. Good corporate governance promotes transparency and voluntary disclosure. Increasing disclosure reduces information asymmetry and thus improves the company's financial performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - The Impact of Perceived Portfolio Returns on Investor Decisions - The underlying psychological mechanism
Mohammadreza zolghadrnasab sina kherdyar Fazel Mohammadi Noodeh aiyuob ahmadiThe purpose of this study is to test psychological mechanisms on how perceived portfolio returns affect investors and risk-taking, and whether these psychological mechanisms play a moderating role. Past portfolio behavior is important for investors in investment decisio MoreThe purpose of this study is to test psychological mechanisms on how perceived portfolio returns affect investors and risk-taking, and whether these psychological mechanisms play a moderating role. Past portfolio behavior is important for investors in investment decisions. The statistical population of this research is active investors in Tehran Stock Exchange, the sample was selected by available sampling method. Using a closed questionnaire, collected information to analysis the research hypotheses using structural equations and path analysis with Phoenix software. The results show that expected returns of a portfolio formed in the past make investors more risk-averse and thus show a higher attitude towards risk. From the other side the interaction of psychological characteristics (overconfidence, optimism and willingness of risk taking) has a moderating effect on the relationship between the expected return of the past portfolio and the portfolio turnover, portfolio trading volume and portfolio risk sharing of investors. The results lead to the conclusion that the presence of underlying biases deteriorates financial behaviors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Effect of induced magnetic domain price fluctuations in the Tehran Stock Exchange
Saeid Fallahpour Zahra MohammadianIt is about nine years that price limit has been implemented in Tehran stock exchange to limit price fluctuations like many other emerging markets . Although this mechanism has been used for a long time in Iran and other parts of universe, researchers don’t have s MoreIt is about nine years that price limit has been implemented in Tehran stock exchange to limit price fluctuations like many other emerging markets . Although this mechanism has been used for a long time in Iran and other parts of universe, researchers don’t have similar attitudes toward its pros and cons. One of the price limit’s implication on stock market mentioned by proponents of this mechanism is magnet effect. The magnet effect suggests that the asset price accelerates toward the limits as it gets closer to the limits. This project employs panel logit model to test magnet effect hypothesis across periods with different price limit. It also tests magnet effect in upper and lower price limits Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Corporate Governance and Financial Constraints (Investment-cash flow sensitivity)
Nezamoddin Rahimian Reza JanfadaSuperior corporate governance can reduce the extent to which controlling shareholders can engage in expropriation and thereby decrease the firm's financial constraints. If management is more committed to emphasizing shareholder value and financial discipline, the compan MoreSuperior corporate governance can reduce the extent to which controlling shareholders can engage in expropriation and thereby decrease the firm's financial constraints. If management is more committed to emphasizing shareholder value and financial discipline, the company has a more transparent information environment, and the board of directors is more independent of controlling shareholders, it is more difficult for the controlling shareholders to expropriate from minority shareholders. The main purpose of this study is investigating the impact of corporate governance mechanisms on the financial constraints in the companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange. The sample of this study, includes 102 companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 1386-1390 and for processing and testing hypotheses, linear regression and clustering methods are used. The study results showed that count of major shareholders and board independence have increasing and significant impact on financial constraints in companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The Impact of Agency Costs on Predicting Profitability
M. B. Mohhamadzadeh MoghadamToday's review of the articles shows that the agency cost has been one of the most important fields of studying in accounting.Therefore, the main objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of agency costs on predicting profitability in Tehran Stock Exchange. In t MoreToday's review of the articles shows that the agency cost has been one of the most important fields of studying in accounting.Therefore, the main objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of agency costs on predicting profitability in Tehran Stock Exchange. In this research, the benchmark for agency cost includes earninig management, capital structure, corporate governance mechanism and asset turnover ratio.Regression analysis is used to examine hypotheses of the study. The data set includes 105 companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange for the period of2010 to 2016. The results of the hypothesis of this research show that among the criteria for measuring the agency cost, there is a positive and meaningful relationship between institutional ownership and asset turnover ratio with predicting profitability.These findings also showed that there is no significant relationship between capital structure and predicting profitability. Additionally, the relationship between earnings management and predicting profitabilityis meaningfulandnegative.The main reason for this negativerelationship can be the moral hazard resulting from the information asymmetry of earnings management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - مطالعه عددی دو مکانیزم واکنشی روی شعله Delft III با استفاده از شبیهسازی گردابههای بزرگ و رهیافت بستگی ممان مشروط
مهدی زکیانی رودسرییک مدل بستگی ممان مشروط همراه با رویکرد پیشرفته LES برای شبیهسازی شعله هدف کارگاه آموزشی TNF، شعله متان پایلوت Delft II، استفاده شده است. برای مدلسازی مقیاسهای زیرشبکهای، در این پژوهش از مدل اسماگورینکی ثابت استفاده شده است. مدل بستگی ممان مشروط مرتبه اول برای مدلس Moreیک مدل بستگی ممان مشروط همراه با رویکرد پیشرفته LES برای شبیهسازی شعله هدف کارگاه آموزشی TNF، شعله متان پایلوت Delft II، استفاده شده است. برای مدلسازی مقیاسهای زیرشبکهای، در این پژوهش از مدل اسماگورینکی ثابت استفاده شده است. مدل بستگی ممان مشروط مرتبه اول برای مدلسازی اندرکنش جریان آشفته-واکنش شیمیایی استفاده میشود. برای محاسبه سرعت مشروط و اتلاف اسکالر مشروط از میانگینگیری حجمی مشروط با هموارسازی استفاده میشود. برای مطالعه اثر مکانیزم شیمیایی، از دو مکانیسم مختلف واکنش متان استفاده میشود. اولین مکانیسم شیمیایی متان، یک مرحلهای با 4 گونه و 1 واکنش است. مکانیسم دوم، مکانیسم شیمیایی اسموک است که از 16 گونه و 25 واکنش تشکیل شده است. برای انتگرالگیری در زمان،معادلات ناویر-استوکس فیلتر شده، از یک روش پیشبینیکننده- تصحیحکننده دقیق مرتبه دوم زمانی استفاده میشود. نشان داده شده است که مکانیسم واکنش تقریباً هیچ تأثیری بر میدان سرعت و میدانهای اسکالر ندارد. با این حال، میدان دما با استفاده از مکانیسم واکنش پیچیدهتر تحت تأثیر قرار میگیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Mechanisms of Heavy Metals Immobility in Soils
Ramin SalmasiBackground and Objectives: Pollutant discharge from agricultural systems as a result if agricultural activities, is one of the factors for soil and water quality. Various soil and water remediation techniques including the use of chemical amendments have been applied to MoreBackground and Objectives: Pollutant discharge from agricultural systems as a result if agricultural activities, is one of the factors for soil and water quality. Various soil and water remediation techniques including the use of chemical amendments have been applied to reduce the risks associated with these contaminants. This paper reviews the use of chemical amendments for immobilizing chemical amendments, the chemistry of contaminant immobilization, and environmental concerns associated with the use of these products. Total Contents of heavy metal in the soils of polluted villages of Hashtrood city and determining the relationships of these metals and soil properties are the goals of this research.Material and Methodology: The commonly used chemical amendments were grouped into aluminum-, calcium-, and iron-containing products. Other products of interest include phosphorus-containing compounds and silicate clays.Results: Mechanisms of contaminant immobilization include one or a combination of the following: surface precipitation, adsorption to mineral surfaces (ion exchange and formation of stable complexes), precipitation as salts, and co-precipitation. Reviews of environmental implications revealed that undesirable substances such as trace elements, fluoride, sulfate, total dissolved solids, as well as radioactive materials associated with some industrial wastes used as amendment could be leached to ground water or lost through run off to receiving water bodies.Discussion and Conclusion: The acidity or alkalinity associated with some of the industrial-waste amendments could also constitute a substantial environmental hazard. Chemical amendments have elements capable of affecting the activities of certain microbes that could influence geochemical processes such as mineral dissolution and formation, weathering, and organic matter mineralization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Comparative study on Jalal Al Ahmad’s “My sister and the spider” and Albert Camus’s “Plague” and “the guest”
Mohammad Ziyar Sedigheh Sherkat MoghaddamThe present article tries to study the impacts of Albert Camus’s thoughts on Jalal Al Ahmad. If we assent that the some of the Iranian authors are affected by French literature, then Jalal Al Ahmad is one of the most famous contemporary authors who MoreThe present article tries to study the impacts of Albert Camus’s thoughts on Jalal Al Ahmad. If we assent that the some of the Iranian authors are affected by French literature, then Jalal Al Ahmad is one of the most famous contemporary authors who is similar to Albert Camus in regard to his thoughts. The author of the present article attempts to do a psychological criticism from Jacques Lacan’s point of view and Roland Barthes’s semiology on one of the Al Ahmad’s novels titled “my sister and the spider”. By doing so the concepts such as nihilism, mechanism and demodernization can be worked out. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - An overview of the most important mechanisms and systems of targeted drug delivery
سید محمدجواد حسینی زادهAbstractDrug delivery is one of the most important and most complex pharmaceutical branch that today due to use of other sciences is expanding dramatically. These improvements, especially in the field of drug delivery mechanisms and systems is very effective and useful. MoreAbstractDrug delivery is one of the most important and most complex pharmaceutical branch that today due to use of other sciences is expanding dramatically. These improvements, especially in the field of drug delivery mechanisms and systems is very effective and useful. In this paper, drug targeting mechanisms such as Physical targeting, by progressing on the application of magnetic fields, ultrasound and electric fields is discussed. Passive targeting by its application on treatment of tumor tissue is explained. Active targeting with considering of the its Specificities is explained. Also delivery systems for drug targeting like Nanoscale Carriers including nano-liposomes, lipid nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles and dendrimers is explained. At the end Targeted Prodrugs and Cellular Carriers and their progress as two other examples of drug delivery systems explained. Keywords: Drug delivery, Drug targeting, Drug targeting mechanisms, Drug targeting systems, Physical targeting, Passive targeting, Active targeting, Nanoscale Carriers, Targeted Prodrugs, Cellular Carriers Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - A Study on the Story Thresholds in Bozorg Alavi’s Short Stories (Based on Robert Funk's theory)
amin banitalebi masoud foroozandeh jahangir safari Esmail SadegeThe world of short stories includes the characters and events in which they are created, and the ultimate goal of any writer is to persuade the reader to enter this creative world. The entrance that opens the way for the reader to enter and be drawn to this imaginary wo MoreThe world of short stories includes the characters and events in which they are created, and the ultimate goal of any writer is to persuade the reader to enter this creative world. The entrance that opens the way for the reader to enter and be drawn to this imaginary world is the threshold of the story. Bozorg Alavi is one of the storytellers who has played a significant role in the evolution of short stories and the spread of critical realism insight, and in this regard, he has tried, especially in his early stories, to pay attention to modern storytelling techniques, including paying informed artists. Drawing on elements such as mystery and ambiguity, dialogue, conflict and indicative scenes evoke the reader's attention and interest. In the present study, the author, after a brief analysis of the theories presented in the field of storytelling, seeks to rely on Robert Funk's theory and add adverbs to it, using a descriptive-analytical method, after determining the beginning and end of the threshold of great short stories. Alavi and the mechanisms of their beginning, examine the initial sentences of the stories and, if necessary, point out their strengths and weaknesses. The results indicate that the great Alavi in his stories paid special attention to the combination of beginning and beginning with staging, and most of his storytelling skills were reflected in the initial staging section. Also, among the tricks of how to finish the threshold, he paid the most attention to the details of the story, which is the central focus of the narrative "clarity", but in this way, due to the rupture between the threshold and the middle of the story, he did not act very craftily. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Psychoanalytic analysis of Banu Ghasseb's personality based on the views of Freud and Jung
KH Bahrami mahmod tavociFreud and Jung's views in the realm of mythology have been considered by many critics of Dubai's cash flow. In the framework of Freud de Wyong's theories, it is a framework for psychoanalytic study. Has examined and analyzed. The research method was content analysis. Th MoreFreud and Jung's views in the realm of mythology have been considered by many critics of Dubai's cash flow. In the framework of Freud de Wyong's theories, it is a framework for psychoanalytic study. Has examined and analyzed. The research method was content analysis. The results of this study show that Bano Gashsab has an authoritarian brigade and has many complexes such as castration, inferiority, sexual inequality and subordination, and has benefited from defense mechanisms such as sublimation, repression and denial and the archetype of the wise old man in existence. Rostam and the archetype of the niqab are crystallized in the existence of Banogshsab. Therefore, by examining the views of Freud and Jung, we can analyze the personality of Banu Ghasseb and examine psychoanalysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Green Fabrication of Albizia Lebbeck Leaves-Capped Silver Nanoparticles for Removal of Butylparaben
Fatemeh Maghami Maryam Abrishamkar Bijan Mombini Godajdar Mina Hossieni -
Open Access Article
28 - Antimicrobial Modified-Tragacanth Gum/Acrylic Acid Hydrogels for the Controlled Release of Quercetin
Javid Monjezi Rezvan Jamaledin -
Open Access Article
29 - Heat Treatment of Graphene Oxide/Thiourea Mixture in the Solid State and Application for Detection of Uric acid and pH Sensing
Javad Gholami Nastaran Jalili -
Open Access Article
30 - Study on the Adsorption of Samarium and Gadolinium Ions by a Biopolymer Microcapsules Containing DEHPA/TOPO Extract
Elham Delrish Alireza Khanchi Mohammad Outokesh Ahmad Tayyeb Kambiz Tahvildari -
Open Access Article
31 - Dissolution Kinetic Evaluation of Manganese-rich Iron ore by Sulphuric acid Solution
Alafara Abdullahi Baba Musa John Saliu Daud Temitope Olaoluwa Taofiqat Omotayo Abu Rafiu Babatunde Bale Folahan Amoo Adekola -
Open Access Article
32 - Improved Wear Resistance of the Fe-C-Ti Hardfacing Alloy by Nano TiCN Particles Fabricated by FCAW-N2
M. Mohammadikhah -
Open Access Article
33 - Degradation Mechanisms of APS and EB-PVD Thermal Barrier Coatings
A Rabieifar V Abouei Mehrizi M Ghanbari Haghighi -
Open Access Article
34 - Theoretical study on the kinetics and mechanism of the atmospheric oxidation of acenaphthylene initiated by hydroxyl radical. Hydrogen Abstraction pathway
maryam talebi Ehsan Zahedi Abolfazl Shiroudi Behzad ChahkandiIn this research kinetics and mechanism of the atmospheric hydrogen abstraction of acenaphthylene initiated by hydroxyl radical has been investigated theoretically at the MN15L/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory. The hydrogen abstraction from the four possible positions are ex MoreIn this research kinetics and mechanism of the atmospheric hydrogen abstraction of acenaphthylene initiated by hydroxyl radical has been investigated theoretically at the MN15L/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory. The hydrogen abstraction from the four possible positions are exergonic and exothermic processes. The rate constants (with and without correction by quantum tunneling effects of Wigner and Eckart), activation energies, and activation themodynamic parameters indicated that hydrogen abstraction of acenaphthylene by hydroxyl radical from 4 pathways are kinetically controlled. The values of branching ratios exhibited that the products of hydrogen abstraction reactions from positions 2, 3, and 4 can be observed. . . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Theoretical investigation of Curtius rearrangement of oxalyl di azide molecule using quantum calculations in gas phase and solution
Roghaye Taheryan بهزاد چهکندی Ehsan ZahediIn this study, was investigated the Curtius rearrangement reaction of the molecule oxalyl diazide (ODA) for syn-syn and anti-anti-conformers in the gas and solvent phases ( water and cyclohexane ). the syn-syn and anti-anti-ODA conformers and transition states related t MoreIn this study, was investigated the Curtius rearrangement reaction of the molecule oxalyl diazide (ODA) for syn-syn and anti-anti-conformers in the gas and solvent phases ( water and cyclohexane ). the syn-syn and anti-anti-ODA conformers and transition states related to their rearrangement reactions are optimized in the gas phase using by Density functional theory (DFT) at computational levels WB97XD, M06-2X, B3LYP and the basis sets 6-311 ++ G (2d, d, p) and the CBS-QB3 method .in the solvent phase, calculations have been performed at the level of B3LYP / 6-311 ++ G (2d, d, p).the syn-syn conformer through a concerted mechanism and anti-anti-conformer using a stepwise mechanism product Carbonyl di isosyanate (CAI) , respectively by passing 1 and 2 transition states under curtius rearrangement.in the concerted mechanism the Gibbs free activation energy of the path went is less than the return path of the reaction, in other words, the Gibbs free activation energy of the return path is about 4 times the path went reaction.in the step wise mechanism, the first stage is the endothermic and the second stage is the exothermic process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Molecular Docking and DFT Study On the Interaction Between Quercetin on surface B12N12 Fullerene
Mohammad Taghi BaeiAdsorption and antiradical activity of quercetin molecule on B12N12 fullerene surface have been investigated with the help of density functional theory (DFT) in B3PW91-D and M06-2X-D methods. Adsorption values and topologies analysis showed that this molecule is adsorbe MoreAdsorption and antiradical activity of quercetin molecule on B12N12 fullerene surface have been investigated with the help of density functional theory (DFT) in B3PW91-D and M06-2X-D methods. Adsorption values and topologies analysis showed that this molecule is adsorbed to the B12N12 fullerene surface and causes significant changes in the electronic properties of the fullerene. The antioxidant activities of quercetin molecule and B12N12/Que complex have been investigated using M06-2X-D level of theory based on hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), single electron transfer followed by proton transfer (SET-PT) and SPLET method. To better understand the antioxidant properties, the values of bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE), ionization potential (IP), proton dissociation enthalpy (PDE), proton affinity (PA) and electron transfer enthalpy (ETE) of quercetin on the B12N12 fullerene surface in gas, benzene, Ethanol and water have been calculated. The results showed that in gas and solvent phases, the adsorption of quercetin on B12N12 fullerene increased the antioxidant activity of quercetin, the interaction energy and inhibition constant in the molecular docking method also confirm these results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Investigating the adsorption and antioxidant properties of Gallic acid on surface the B12N12 fullerene using quantum mechanical DFT and Molecular Docking
Mohammad Taghi Baei khadijeh tavakoli hafshejaniAdsorption and antioxidative activity of Gallic acid (Gal) on the surface of B12N12 fullerene has been investigated by using density functional theory (DFT) within B3PW91-D and M06-2X-D methods. Adsorption values and electronic properties showed that the molecule has ch MoreAdsorption and antioxidative activity of Gallic acid (Gal) on the surface of B12N12 fullerene has been investigated by using density functional theory (DFT) within B3PW91-D and M06-2X-D methods. Adsorption values and electronic properties showed that the molecule has chemisorbed to the fullerene surface and induces significant changes in electronic properties of the fullerene. Antioxidative activities of the Gallic acid and Gal/B12N12 complex have been investigated using the M06-2X-D level of theory based on the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), single electron transfer followed by proton transfer (SET-PT) and sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET). For this purpose, the bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE), ionization potential (IP), proton dissociation enthalpy (PDE), proton affinity (PA) and electron transfer enthalpy (ETE) values were calculated in gas, benzene, ethanol, and water phases to better understand the antioxidative properties of the investigated compounds. The results showed that the adsorption of galic acid on B12N12 fullerene would enhance the antioxidative activity of the gallic acid. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Nonlinear Dynamic Behaviour of The Mechanisms Having Clearance and Compliant Joints
Amirhosein Javanfar -
Open Access Article
39 - Vibration Analysis of 2-PR(Pa)U- 2-PR(Pa)R New Parallel Mechanism
Mehran Mahboubkhah Sajjad Pakzad Morteza Homayoun Sadeghi Mir Mohammad Ettefagh -
Open Access Article
40 - Design of a Dynamically Balanced 2-DOF Planar Parallel Manipulator using Four-bar Legs
Amin Poursafar Meisam Vahabi -
Open Access Article
41 - Mechanical Design and Simulation of a Saddle-Assistive Device for Sit-to-Stand Transfer in Healthy Subjects
A. Hojjati Najafabadi S. Amini F. Farahmand -
Open Access Article
42 - Workspace Analysis of 2-PR(Pa)U- 2-PR(Pa)R New Parallel Mechanism
Mehran Mahboubkhah Sajjad Pakzad -
Open Access Article
43 - Implementation of the Quasi-Brittle Damage Model for 2024 Aluminum Alloy under Periodic Loading
Sadegh Ghorbanhosseini saeed yaghoubi -
Open Access Article
44 - Design, Modeling and Manufacturing a New Robotic Gripper with High Load Bearing Capability and Robust Control of its Mechanical Arm
vahid Boomeri Hami Tourajizadeh -
Open Access Article
45 - The Effectiveness of Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy on Reducing Symptoms and defensive mechanisms of Cluster C Personality Disorders
Bahman Moazami Goodarzi Nader Monirpour Hassan MirzahosseiniThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP) on reducing the symptoms and defensive mechanisms of cluster C personality disorders. This study was a quasi-experimental study with a single-subject A-B-A design. T MoreThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP) on reducing the symptoms and defensive mechanisms of cluster C personality disorders. This study was a quasi-experimental study with a single-subject A-B-A design. The statistical population of this study consisted of all individuals with cluster C personality disorders in Tehran in 2019. Among the above statistical population, 9 individuals who received diagnoses of three dependent, obsessive-compulsive and avoidant personality disorders based on the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III) and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (SCID-II) was selected by purposive sampling method. The instruments used in this study were: Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (Millon, 1977), Defense Style Questionnaire-40 (Andrews, Singh & Bond, 1993) and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (First, Gibbon, Spitzer, Williams & Benjamin, 1997). In addition, the ISTDP protocol was applied to the research sample according to the Davanlo (1995, 2000) approach for 15 sessions once a week and each session for one hour. Subjects were assessed after baseline assessment, once every 3 sessions, and after the treatment sessions, 3 follow-up assessments were performed at one-month intervals. Data were analyzed using Friedman test and SPSS software version 24. Findings showed that ISTDP reduced symptoms of cluster C personality disorder. Also, this treatment had a significant effect on the reduction of, immature, neurotic defensive and in increasing use of mature defensive mechanisms (p <0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Creep Life Assessment of a Super-Heater Tube
J Jelwan -
Open Access Article
47 - Design and Dynamic Modeling of Planar Parallel Micro-Positioning Platform Mechanism with Flexible Links Based on Euler Bernoulli Beam Theory
N.S Viliani H Zohoor M.H Kargarnovin -
Open Access Article
48 - Mechanical Characteristics and Failure Mechanism of Nano-Single Crystal Aluminum Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulations: Strain Rate and Temperature Effects
R Rezaei H Tavakoli-Anbaran M Shariati -
Open Access Article
49 - Antagonistic Mechanisms of Trichoderma spp. against Rhizoctonia solani, the causal agent of chickpea wet root rot disease
Sediqqeh Mohammadi Bahram Mansoori Hamid Reza Zamani Zadeh Asghar HeydariAntagonistic mechanisms of three isolates of Trichodermaharzianum (THJ1, THJ2 & THB), one isolates of T.virens and one isolates of T.viride were studied against wet root rot agent of Iranian chickpea, Rhizoctoniasolani. In dual culture, all isolates of Trichoderma w MoreAntagonistic mechanisms of three isolates of Trichodermaharzianum (THJ1, THJ2 & THB), one isolates of T.virens and one isolates of T.viride were studied against wet root rot agent of Iranian chickpea, Rhizoctoniasolani. In dual culture, all isolates of Trichoderma were able to affect the mycelial growth of R. solani. The isolate THJ2 had the highest percent of growth inhibition (72.77, 94.72 and 94.05 %) at three times interval. On the base of microscopic study R. solani was affected by Trichoderma through hyphal contact, hyphal penetration, hyphal coiling and hyphal fragmentation. The effect of Non Volatile Metabolites (NVM) of Trichoderma isolates on mycelial growth of R. solani indicated that the NVM of THJ2 inhibited the growth of pathogen more than other isolates at three times of measurement, using 5ml (62.34, 73.83 and 70.97 %) and 10 ml (68.04, 72.59 and 80.52 %). Volatile Metabolites (VM) of all Trichoderma isolates inhibited mycelial growth wherease T. harzianum (THB) had the highest effect at three times of measurement (68.02, 73.32 and 73.54 %). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - The effect of Volatile Metabolites and Non Volatile Metabolites of Trichoderma in preventing the growth of Fusarium solani the causal agent of Fusarium dry rot of potato
Zahra Taghizadeh Sedighe Mohammadi Hosein AlaieFusarium solani the causal agent ofFusarium dry rot of potato has a wide host range and worldwide distribution. Trichoderma is the most commonly used fungal biological control agent and have long been known as effective antagonists against plant pathogenic fungi. In pre MoreFusarium solani the causal agent ofFusarium dry rot of potato has a wide host range and worldwide distribution. Trichoderma is the most commonly used fungal biological control agent and have long been known as effective antagonists against plant pathogenic fungi. In present study volatile and non-volatile compounds produced from seven isolates of Trichoderma species including T. harzianum (1, 2, 3 and 4), T. virens, T. koningii and T. longibrachiatum were avaluated for their antagonistic effects in vitro against F. solani. The volatile compounds produced form all antagonistic isolates showed mycelial inhibition of the test fungi. T. longibrachiatum and T. harzianum 3 revealed the highest and the lowest antibiosis activity against mycelial growth, respectively. Investigating the effect of non-volatile compounds at 5 and 10 ml concentration showed that the highest inhibitory percentage on mycelium growth of the pathogen caused by T. harzianum 1 (14.28%) and T. harzianum 2 (9.76%) respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Bank Lending Channel Reaction to Financial Suppression Policies
Fatemeh Johari Gholamali Haji Nader Mehregan Ahmad Sarlak -
Open Access Article
52 - Determine folding mechanism of Lali structure, northern Dezful, Zagros, Iran
Gholamreza Asgari Farzin Ghaemi Bahman Soleimany Behnam Rahimi Mehrdad Maleki -
Open Access Article
53 - Influence Strategies and Social Mechanisms in Promoting Manufacturer Flexibility
Yasir Munir -
Open Access Article
54 - طراحی و ساخت ضمیمه مرزبند به منظور پر کردن جویچه های مرزبند در انجام عملیات خاکورزی ثانویه در کشت جو در استان خوزستان
هادی سعدی محمد منصوری محمد آل کثیر فرحانیهنگام ­آبیاری­ مزرعه،­ آب ­در ­امتداد ­نوارها­ حرکت­ کرده و بیشتر­ آب ­ به انتهای ­نوارها منتقل و از یکنواختی­ آبیاری­ جلوگیری ­می­کند. در تحقیق حاضر­ به ­منظور ­رفع ­مشکل­ مذکور، طراحی، ساخ Moreهنگام ­آبیاری­ مزرعه،­ آب ­در ­امتداد ­نوارها­ حرکت­ کرده و بیشتر­ آب ­ به انتهای ­نوارها منتقل و از یکنواختی­ آبیاری­ جلوگیری ­می­کند. در تحقیق حاضر­ به ­منظور ­رفع ­مشکل­ مذکور، طراحی، ساخت­ و­ ارزیابی ­عملکرد ­سامانه­ای ­صورت­گرفت­ که ­با­ پر­کردن­ جویچه­های ­ایجاد ­شده، ­مشکل غیریکنواختی آبیاری رفع شود.. ­سامانه الحاقی به­ مرزبند بشقابی دارای­ دو بشقاب مقعر ­به قطر 35 سانتی­متر بود که ­به­­صورت ­شناور، ­در پشت بشقاب­های ­اصلی ­مرزبند ­و­ در ­امتداد­ پشته ایجاد شده قرار ­گرفت؛ و با انتقال ­بخشی­ از خاک ­بدنه­ پشته، ­موجب پرکردن­ جویچه­ها­ می­شد. ا­رزیابی­­ عملکردی ­­مزرعه­ای ­­در ­سال­ 1397 در ­مزرعه ­تحقیقاتی ­دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ­آزاد ­اسلامی ­واحد ­شوشتر­ انجام ­شد.­ این ­آزمایش یه صورت کرت­های کاملاً­ تصادفی ­در ­قالب ­فاکتوریل انجام و ­با ­استفاده­ از ­نرم­­افزار ­SPSS ­ تحلیل شد. تیمارهای­ آزمایش­ شامل:­ ­نوع­­دستگاه­(مرزبند ­با ­مکانیزم ­پرکننده ­جویچه­ها­ و مرزبند ­بدون پر­کننده­ جویچه­ها) و فاصله کرت­ها (5 و 10 متر) بود. تاثیر تیمار­ها بر میزان هدر رفت آب (برحسب متر­مکعب)، هزینه کارگری جهت ­پر­کردن­ جویچه­های­ مرزبند و زمان­ انجام عملیات مرزکشی توسط مرزبند مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد ­که ­با استفاده ­از دستگاه­ پر­کننده جویچه­های مرزبند ­و در فاصله کرتی 10 متر کمترین میزان هدر رفتن آب به مقدار 3985 مترمکعب، کمترین هزینه کارگری جهت پرکردن جویچه­های مرزبند 100 هزار تومان و کمترین زمان جهت انجام عملیات مرزکشی در زمین­های کشاورزی 120 دقیقه در هکتار بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - A Game Theory Approach for Supply Chain Coordination Model with Incentive Mechanisms of Discount and Delay in Payments
mohammad ferdousmakan Roya M.ahari Mohammadreza Vasili Majid Vaziri SarashkUncertainty in the supply chain is considered as a fundamental and important issue in order to make appropriate decisions for supply chain managers and designers. In this article, in order to deal with this issue, a three-level supply chain under random demand is propos MoreUncertainty in the supply chain is considered as a fundamental and important issue in order to make appropriate decisions for supply chain managers and designers. In this article, in order to deal with this issue, a three-level supply chain under random demand is proposed using two decentralized and coordinated models, in which the profit increase of each actor in the chain (supplier-manufacturer-retailer) considered. In the decentralized model under the scenario-based stochastic demand, the retailer and the manufacturer separately decide on the order quantity and investment by considering the scenario-based stochastic CSR-sensitive demand. A wholesale price contract with two adjustable levels is proposed to persuade three levels to enter into a coordination scheme. According to the comparisons made between the results of the algorithms, it was found that the coordinated model performed better than the other algorithm in reducing chain costs and increasing profits. In particular, it can be acknowledged that the coordinated model performed better than the decentralized model by about 144.39% and was able to increase the profit of the chain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Lean- Agility Administrative Mechanism of the Interaction of Factors in Fuzzy Cognitive Map (Case Study: Tehran Abfa)
Hamideh Kalantari Taher kalantariThe purpose of this study is Lean- agile administrative mechanisms of Tehran Water and Wastewater Company and the interaction of factors based on the fuzzy cognitive map of Lean- agility in the model. This is a phased approach to Lean-Agile provides the administrative m MoreThe purpose of this study is Lean- agile administrative mechanisms of Tehran Water and Wastewater Company and the interaction of factors based on the fuzzy cognitive map of Lean- agility in the model. This is a phased approach to Lean-Agile provides the administrative mechanisms. Empirical research from the case study method is used. Data collection instrument was a questionnaire that utilizes water and sewage in terms of professors and experts in Tehran that were collected and then distributed. Data analysis using the SPSS software and more work was done using MATLAB software. Results from this study is extracted, grouped Lean- agile factors administrative mechanisms of the above factors with the power of relational dynamic variables and factors related to the low-power static variable, based on the degree of interaction between them. This grouping variable which was corporate executives in decision-making water and sewage Tehran can Lean- agile to focus on building administrative mechanisms are vital, but can also be used in similar companies. The group also is making plans to develop lean - agile, highly efficient and effective administrative mechanisms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Comparison of the Efficacy of dialectical behavior therapy with integrated therapy based on emotional adjustment and adolescents defense echanisms in reducing pathological of the Internet and mobile
Maedeh Moeinoddini Farah lotfi kashani Abdollah ShafieabadiThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dialectical behavior therapy on emotion regulation and defense mechanisms in reducing the pathologic usage of the internet. This research was quasi - experimental with pre - test - post test design with control grou MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dialectical behavior therapy on emotion regulation and defense mechanisms in reducing the pathologic usage of the internet. This research was quasi - experimental with pre - test - post test design with control group. The statistical population consisted of all high school students in district 1 of Tehran who were studying in 2011 - 2012. Among them, students who gained high scores in internet addiction test were randomly divided into three groups (experimental and control). The data were analyzed using chi - square, fisher “s exact test, t - test, chi - square and fisher “s exact test. Then both experimental groups received one - minute sessions (one session per week) therapy and dialectical behavior therapy but the control group was on the waiting list. The results of statistical analysis show that both dialectic and cognitive therapy are effective in reducing internet addiction to the control group but there is no significant difference between two treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Compare lifestyles, defense mechanisms, and resiliency in The couples on the brink of divorce and normal
عبدالامیر گاطع زاده مریم نیسی امینه ساکیThe aim of this study was to compare the lifestyles, defense mechanisms, and resiliency in couples on the brink of divorce and normal of susangerd. The sample consisted of 120 people (30 couples on the brink of divorce, and 30 normal couples) who were selected by Sampli MoreThe aim of this study was to compare the lifestyles, defense mechanisms, and resiliency in couples on the brink of divorce and normal of susangerd. The sample consisted of 120 people (30 couples on the brink of divorce, and 30 normal couples) who were selected by Sampling methods available. The data collection of health-promoting lifestyle questionnaire Jones, defensive style of Andrews and Mvbray Resiliency Scale was used. This study was designed to investigate causal - comparative. Results of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed that there were the difference in the lifestyle between couples on the brink of divorce and normal. And the parameters of the components of spiritual growth, responsibility, interpersonal relations, and stress management were significant differences between the two groups, but no significant difference was found between the components of exercise and nutrition. Also the style of defense mature, neurotic and immature and resiliency are significant differences between the two groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - A Psychoanalytical Reading of ForoughFarrokhzad’sPoetry through looking glass of Freud and Adler
Ali Dehghan Soheila GhasemiPsychology criticism tries to publicize the motives and mental excitements and the affective factors on creature of a literary work by using the work itself and on the other hand by the help of the author or poet’s biography by emphasizing on psychology and psycho MorePsychology criticism tries to publicize the motives and mental excitements and the affective factors on creature of a literary work by using the work itself and on the other hand by the help of the author or poet’s biography by emphasizing on psychology and psychoanalysis principles. And it tries to know whether the enthusiasm, interest and agitation of the work is feigned or is the reflection of creator’s distracted and plaintive soul? And wants to know what factor has caused the enthusiasm and agitation like this? Honesty and artistic soul which have the elements like creativity, sensitiveness and is released from the net of molds and mottos, give the confident answer to psychoanalysis researches. Forough Farrokhzad’s personality includes the whole of these features. Therefore, in this research, Forough’s poems inspected based on Freud and Adler’s psychoanalysis viewpoints and distinguished that various defense mechanisms is seen against her depression and mental anxieties in her poems. And varieties complexes and mental motivations have influenced her life style and her instinct and poem perfection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - The Application of Taguchi method in Optimization of Tool Flank Wear in High-Speed Machining
ata Fardaghaie mehdi Jalali AzizpourThe purpose of this study was to predict the optimal conditions of machining parameters including tool coating method, cutting speed, advancement rate, and cutting depth to minimize tool flank wear in AISI 4140 hardened steel machining, with PVD and CVD coated tools. In MoreThe purpose of this study was to predict the optimal conditions of machining parameters including tool coating method, cutting speed, advancement rate, and cutting depth to minimize tool flank wear in AISI 4140 hardened steel machining, with PVD and CVD coated tools. In recent years, the trend towards cutting tool coating technology has increased with increasing cutting speed and advancement rate. These tools are coated using two different methods: physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The L18 orthogonal array was designed by Taguchi experiments and the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) was used to optimize the parameters. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was also used to determine the importance of effective parameters. Finally, the validation test was performed using the Taguchi optimization method to validate and show the effectiveness of this method. The results showed that the tool with PVD coating has the best performance for minimum tool wear. Also, cutting speed was the most important parameter affecting tool wear. The results of the confirmation test showed that the Taguchi method is a reliable and successful method for optimizing machining parameters for minimum tool wear in AISI 4140 high-speed steel turning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - A review of the effect of nano-lubricant additives on improving the tribological properties of lubricants
Abbas Taghipoor Using nano additives in lubricants is one of the most effective ways to control friction and wear, which is significant for energy conservation, emission reduction, and environmental protection. With scientific and technological development, gre More Using nano additives in lubricants is one of the most effective ways to control friction and wear, which is significant for energy conservation, emission reduction, and environmental protection. With scientific and technological development, great advances have been made in nano lubricant additives in scientific research and industrial applications. This review summarizes the categories of nano lubricant additives and illustrates the tribological properties of these additives. Based on the component elements of nanomaterials, nano lubricant additives are discussed in three types, nanometal-based, nanocarbon-based, and nanocomposite-based additives in the review systematically. Moreover, the review summarizes the lubrication mechanisms of nano lubricant additives, including tribofilm formation, micro-bearing effect, self-repair performance, and synergistic effect. At last, the challenges and prospects of nano lubricant additives are proposed, which guide the design and synthesis of novel additives with significant lubrication and antiwear properties in the future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Examining the rights of witnesses in Iran's criminal law system with a view to the International Criminal Court
امین امیریان فارسانی ZEINB BANIASDITestimony is known as one of the evidences to prove a lawsuit or the fastest way to access evidences in legal systems, and its performance at different stages of proceedings is a manifestation of the cooperation of citizens and the community with the enforcement of crim MoreTestimony is known as one of the evidences to prove a lawsuit or the fastest way to access evidences in legal systems, and its performance at different stages of proceedings is a manifestation of the cooperation of citizens and the community with the enforcement of criminal justice in finding the truth. Undoubtedly, the discovery of the truth as much as it makes the victims and the plaintiffs hope for justice, it makes the accused and the criminals angry and arouses a sense of revenge in them. And this retaliation against the witnesses due to the testimony of the perpetrators of the crimes makes it necessary to protect the witnesses. In this regard, witnesses can be supported by adopting different support methods, especially preventive measures before and during the proceedings and even after. Witnesses also have rights in the judicial process, which should be considered in comparison with the rights of other persons involved in the case. The present study examines the measures and witness rights in Iran's legal system with a brief look at the procedure of the International Criminal Court, which supports financial, mental security and physical security of the witness, including the mechanisms designed to encourage witnesses to cooperate with the criminal justice system, and in this regard, measures such as concealing the identity of the witness, physical protection from the witness, honoring, changing the job and place of residence and Compensation for the damages caused to the witness will benefit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Investigating the mechanism of monetary policy transmission in the short term with the approach of Islamic wisdom, relying on a structural vector auto regression model in Iran
Mahshid Tabatabaie zavareh beitollah akbari moghadam Farhad GhaffariIn this research, attempts have been made to identify the characteristics and distinctive features of Islamic banking compared to conventional banking by studying the theoretical framework of Islamic banking literature. Subsequently, by focusing on each characteristic, MoreIn this research, attempts have been made to identify the characteristics and distinctive features of Islamic banking compared to conventional banking by studying the theoretical framework of Islamic banking literature. Subsequently, by focusing on each characteristic, their relevant indicators were designed and introduced.Purpose: The purpose of this article is to investigate the effects of monetary policy through monetary transmission channels (interest channel, exchange rate channel, credit channel and expectations channel) in the short term during the period of 1386Q1 - 1396Q4.Methodology: Using the structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model, the effects of monetary policy were investigated through channels.Findings: The experimental results obtained from the estimation of the relationships between the variables using the SVAR approach based on statistical data show that in the short term the exchange rate channel is the most effective one in the transmission of monetary policy in a way that the expectations variable has the most effect on this channel. After the exchange rate channel, the expectations channel and the credits and interest rate channel have the most impact in the short term, respectively.Conclusion: By examining the relative importance of monetary transfer channels, we can point out the principle that with the passage of time, the effectiveness of the channels will change. Accordingly, with price shocks, the expectations channel has the most impact in the short term. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Analysis of effective mechanisms on the development of entrepreneurship among rural women in Kurdistan province
solieman rasouliazar Arman Kaykhosravi Loghman RashiedpourThe present research was conducted in order to analyze and identify effective mechanisms on the development of entrepreneurship among rural women in Kurdistan province. The nature of this applied research was done by survey method. The research tool was a questionnaire MoreThe present research was conducted in order to analyze and identify effective mechanisms on the development of entrepreneurship among rural women in Kurdistan province. The nature of this applied research was done by survey method. The research tool was a questionnaire made by the researcher, whose reliability was obtained by using the pilot test and calculating Cronbach's alpha. The statistical population of the research was 27,560 rural women of Kurdistan province, and using the Cochran formula, the sample size was determined to be 204. The sample people were selected by stratified random method. The results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between the individual-psychological, economic, socio-cultural, educational, infrastructural and marketing structure with the advantages of entrepreneurship development among the rural women of Kurdistan province. Multiple regression analysis was used to predict changes in the dependent variable, i.e., the advantages of entrepreneurship development among rural women in Kurdistan province, by independent variables, i.e., managerial, social, cultural, educational, economic, infrastructural, individual, psychological, and marketing structures. The multiple correlation coefficients in this research is equal to 0.781. According to the calculated coefficient of determination, the aforementioned constructs were able to determine 61% of changes in the dependent variable, i.e., the advantages of entrepreneurship development among rural women in Kurdistan province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Studying the Defense Mechanism of Escape in Ghazaleh Alizadeh’s Novels; Based on Edrissis House, and Tehran’s Nights
zahra doosti آرش مشفقی Mohammad Ali MajalalThe defense mechanisms are the mental reactions of a person to the tensions which affect one’s spirit and could be taken to the edge of disintegration. Defense mechanisms, unintentionally, materializes tendencies and behaviors which protect the person against tens MoreThe defense mechanisms are the mental reactions of a person to the tensions which affect one’s spirit and could be taken to the edge of disintegration. Defense mechanisms, unintentionally, materializes tendencies and behaviors which protect the person against tensions. Escape mechanism is a mechanism which emerges in case of redundant psychological pressure on a person and disposes the person from unpleasant events. People unintentionally avoid the problem in order to forget stress, rage and failure. During this escape, one could retrieve the lost peace and balance to some extents. Although in this escape, negative consequences could be expected, this option is occasionally inevitable for human spirit. Studying Ghazaleh Alizadeh’s works reveals her special attention on the behavior and the reactions which people demonstrate when facing the problems and considers defense mechanisms as the reason of some behaviors in her novel’s protagonists. This article analyzes the escape related behaviors by studying them, based on psychology and rooted the escapes which were somehow a reaction to the stress induced on the characters during their lifetime. The results of the study show that women mostly and occasionally men, look for a shelter to forget the anxiety while facing failures and tensions. Taking refuge in the carefree and cozy corner of the life, a escape to the objects, le. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Psychoanalytic critique of Masoumeh character in novel “Sahm-e-Man” based on Alfred Adler theory
saeedeh samimi Dr.Parvaneh Adelzadeh DR.Kamran Pashaei,Alfred Adler is the founder of individual psychology and one of the first famous critics of the theory of psychoanalysis and the creator of movement in a psychological movement. Adler defines human being as a social creature. Adler’s view of the problem of psychol MoreAlfred Adler is the founder of individual psychology and one of the first famous critics of the theory of psychoanalysis and the creator of movement in a psychological movement. Adler defines human being as a social creature. Adler’s view of the problem of psychology can be solved by translating the problem of communication between humans. A sense of inferiority and inferiority complex are two popular terms in individual psychology. Adler defines sense of inferiority as a force that has been given to human beings to move towards positive aspects of life. On the other hand, Adler has emphasized that adverse environmental conditions can lead the sense of inferiority to inferiority complex. Adler highlights the concept of false compensation in the realm of psychology, which person uses to balance one’s psyche. This article deals with the psychoanalytic critique of the novel “Sahm-e-Man” by a descriptive-analytical approach. The author refers to the underlying causes of the inferiority complex and the mechanisms of compensation in the main character of the novel “Masoumeh” according to Adler theory of life style. Research findings show that environment is one of the main factors in creating inferiority complex in the main character, which originated from unfavorable environmental conditions of family and dialectical behavior of mother and father with children. Accordingly, inferiority complex has severed in Masoumeh and created various forms of psychological imbalance; therefore, to compensate for her discrete psychic balance, she has made false compensation which has led to many problems in her. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Psychological Analysis of Farhad and Shirin Poem by Vahshi Bafghi Using Freudian Defense Mechanisms
sattar abdollahpour Arash Moshfaghi GHOLAMHOSEIN javanmardDefense Mechanisms constitute the most important components of Freudian Psychoanalytical Theory. For Freud, all people strive to realize their wishes, which if they fail to, they will sustain mental pressure and use defense mechanisms to encounter their mental pressures MoreDefense Mechanisms constitute the most important components of Freudian Psychoanalytical Theory. For Freud, all people strive to realize their wishes, which if they fail to, they will sustain mental pressure and use defense mechanisms to encounter their mental pressures. The Farhad and Shirin Divan poetry by Vahshi Bafghi has an immense capacity to investigate Freudian defense mechanisms and can be examined from a psychological angle. This descriptive-analytical research concerns with a psychological analysis of the Farhad and Shirin Divan poetry by Vahshi Bafghi using Freudian defense mechanisms, answering the question “Which defense mechanisms are used by the characters of this divan to reduce and overcome mental harms? Findings suggest that these characters, like other people of the society, resort to defense mechanisms, especially fantasy and projection by the time of failure and distress, in order to overcome anxieties and reduce their internal turmoil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Biofilms in food industries and their removal methods in food processing systems
Leyla Nateghi amir Ahangar behan Atefeh Mohammad GholiBiofilm is a complex microbial community enclosed in a polysaccharide or protein matrix. Biofilm can be created by microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria. Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria have this ability. Bacterial resistance developed in the biofilm p MoreBiofilm is a complex microbial community enclosed in a polysaccharide or protein matrix. Biofilm can be created by microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria. Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria have this ability. Bacterial resistance developed in the biofilm phase to antimicrobial agents is an important global issue. Bacterial biofilm is important in various aspects such as diseases related to chronic human infections, infection of foreign bodies such as catheters, animal and plant diseases, and also in food processing units due to blocking and contaminating production lines. For microorganisms, living in a biofilm has certain advantages. Microbial communities are usually very resistant to stress. Potential stress factors such as lack of water, increase or decrease in pH of the environment or the presence of toxic substances for microbes, such as antibiotics, antimicrobials or heavy metals, are included. Biofilm is formed in different places, but its formation in food processing industries usually causes damage and reduced efficiency. In addition to various benefits, [1]such as the use in cleaning heavy metal pollution and the construction of microbial fuel cells, it also has many risks. These resistant structures cause 80% of human infectious diseases, which includes a very high percentage due to their resistance and lack of definitive and quick treatment methods against these pathogenic bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Biofilms in food industries and their removal methods in food processing systems
Leila Nateghi Amir Ahangar Bahan Atefeh Mohammad GholiBiofilm is a complex microbial community enclosed in a polysaccharide or protein matrix. Biofilm can be created by microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria. Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria have this ability. Bacterial resistance developed in the biofilm p MoreBiofilm is a complex microbial community enclosed in a polysaccharide or protein matrix. Biofilm can be created by microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria. Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria have this ability. Bacterial resistance developed in the biofilm phase to antimicrobial agents is an important global issue. Bacterial biofilm is important in various aspects such as diseases related to chronic human infections, infection of foreign bodies such as catheters, animal and plant diseases, and also in food processing units due to blocking and contaminating production lines. For microorganisms, living in a biofilm has certain advantages. Microbial communities are usually very resistant to stress. Potential stress factors such as lack of water, increase or decrease in pH of the environment or the presence of toxic substances for microbes, such as antibiotics, antimicrobials or heavy metals, are included. Biofilm is formed in different places, but its formation in food processing industries usually causes damage and reduced efficiency. In addition to various benefits, [1]such as the use in cleaning heavy metal pollution and the construction of microbial fuel cells, it also has many risks. These resistant structures cause 80% of human infectious diseases, which includes a very high percentage due to their resistance and lack of definitive and quick treatment methods against these pathogenic bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Review of stress distribution situation and fracture mechanism in flexible pavements using Finite Element Method
علی بابائیThis paper reviews possible mechanisms of stress distribution and the effect of uniform horizontal and vertical pressures as well as major stress between tire and asphalt in the layers of flexible pavements surface using Finite Element Method. A model of pavement with t MoreThis paper reviews possible mechanisms of stress distribution and the effect of uniform horizontal and vertical pressures as well as major stress between tire and asphalt in the layers of flexible pavements surface using Finite Element Method. A model of pavement with these layers is made: asphalt concrete course, base course, subbase course and subgrade. Load applied by dual wheel with standard pressure. Results show that when compressive stresses and tension between wheels are very high, fatigue occurred in places that top-down stress have maximum values. While vertical stress is important in all layers, horizontal stress is important only in the contact of surface and base courses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Kinematic Modeling and Optimum Design of a Rehabilitation Mechanism for Leg Motion of People with Disabilities
Ali Mokhtarian Faezeh JahanshahToday, with advances in medical, using robotic rehabilitation systems for treating incapability movements have been taken into consideration so much. One of the most important means of rehabilitation systems are used for auxiliary lower leg motion systems that the main MoreToday, with advances in medical, using robotic rehabilitation systems for treating incapability movements have been taken into consideration so much. One of the most important means of rehabilitation systems are used for auxiliary lower leg motion systems that the main factor in design and construction of these systems is moving leg according to the correct walking pattern. In this paper, design of an active device with one degree of freedom is provided for rehabilitating the weak leg of disable people. The proposed model is based on the structure of a four-bar mechanism. Its design and construction parameters with use of genetic optimization algorithm are selected in such a way that leg motions have the least difference with the pattern of walking. After the extraction of the kinematic equations of the closed-loop system and solving them, optimization with focusing on each joint of hip and knee is done separately with appropriate difference with weighting coefficients of objective function (W1, W2). Due to the defined optimization objective function, with increasing W1 respect to W2, the ability of system will increase in approximating the angle of hip joint to the optimal time function and by increasing W2 respect to W1, the ability of device will increase in approximating the angle of knee joint to the corresponding time function. The results indicated that the device ability for empowerment of leg motion of the disable people is in the way to rehabilitate the desired walking movement for them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Analytical study of a jointless mechanism for magnifying the displacement of a piezoelectric actuator
Ammirreza Asgari Abdorrahim AsgariMechanisms with flexible joints transfer displacement, force and energy by using flexure hinges instead of Simple hinge joints. Reduction of manufacturing costs, increasing the accuracy of these mechanisms, absence of error caused by being loose and lack of joint wear a MoreMechanisms with flexible joints transfer displacement, force and energy by using flexure hinges instead of Simple hinge joints. Reduction of manufacturing costs, increasing the accuracy of these mechanisms, absence of error caused by being loose and lack of joint wear and vibration problems resulting from their movements are among the advantages of these types of mechanisms. In this article for analyzing these mechanisms, a quasi-rigid model was used. Then, by introducing and evaluating a number of mechanical magnification mechanisms which were used to increase the movement of piezoelectric actuator, a new model is also provided and analyzed. This new model offers a high ratio in compact dimensions that is pretty good compared to previous models. The natural frequency of the model and the lack of lateral movements are among advantages of this model compared to the models introduced. We will review and determine the design parameters for the analytical solution for the optimal work condition of the quasi-rigid mode. Also, by using finite element analysis and comparison of its results with analytical solutions, the effect of various parameters on the performance of this mechanism have been identified and at the end an optimal mechanism is offered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Design and Analytical Investigation of a Jointless Mechanical Amplifier
Amir Reza Askari Abdolrahim AskariIn this paper some mechanical amplifiers have been investigated then a new model has been introduced, designed and analysed. This new mechanism can present a large amplification ratio in a very compact size. High natural frequency and the absence of lateral motion are t MoreIn this paper some mechanical amplifiers have been investigated then a new model has been introduced, designed and analysed. This new mechanism can present a large amplification ratio in a very compact size. High natural frequency and the absence of lateral motion are the advantages of this new model toward the other models introduced here. In order to present an analytical investigation for this new mechanism, the pseudo rigid model is utilized and optimized for the best working conditions. This model is also analysed and verified using finite element method. The results of FEM are utilized to specify the effect of parameters which cannot be seen in pseudo rigid model. An optimized model with its dimensions sketched finally. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - تجزیه و تحلیل حمل و نقل روبات ها با الگوریتم pso چند منظوره در بازار سرمایه مصنوعی
داود آشیانی سعید حسین سعادتی عبدالرضا صدیق منش -
Open Access Article
75 - Pathology of Human Rights Council Policies in the Middle East and Iran
Javad Azizi Khairullah Parvin Mostafa SerajiThe Human Rights Council (UNHRC) replaced the UNCHR as a subsidiary of General Assembly. The United Nations has demonstrated its special importance for issues related to improving global human rights situation and promoting universal respect for human rights protection MoreThe Human Rights Council (UNHRC) replaced the UNCHR as a subsidiary of General Assembly. The United Nations has demonstrated its special importance for issues related to improving global human rights situation and promoting universal respect for human rights protection and fundamental freedoms. It is responsible for fulfilling its human rights obligations. Among features of the UNHRC are possibility of suspending membership of countries violating human rights and establishing a mechanism for reviewing the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) and studying details of monitoring human rights violations. Despite its many efforts in human right’s field, UNHRC has not yet been able to reach its main position and goal, which is to defend human rights in countries and Middle East region. Among factors that stand in way of achieving the UNHRC goals are universality of human rights, cultural relativism, lack of enforcement mechanisms, political considerations and injustice as well as the stance of some countries against the UNHRC. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - The Impacts of Classroom Digital Literacy on EFL Iranian Teachers' Dynamic Assessment Quality Improvement
Mohammad Raeisi Davood Mashhadi Heidar Mohammadreza Khodareza -
Open Access Article
77 - Innovative Instruments and Legal Mechanisms of Bank Capitalization: National Features and World Trends
Viktoriia Vovk Yuliia Zhezherun Liudmyla Gudz Oleksandr Perederii -
Open Access Article
78 - The Ratio of Alienation and Utopia in the Frankfurt Critical School
Garineh Keshishyan Siraki Hamed MehraliThe Frankfurt School, by observing the human condition in the twentieth century, considers the existing society as completely devoid of rationality and its components as an obstacle to human liberation, thus making it clear that this truth-free construction has created MoreThe Frankfurt School, by observing the human condition in the twentieth century, considers the existing society as completely devoid of rationality and its components as an obstacle to human liberation, thus making it clear that this truth-free construction has created a crisis rooted in the foundations of the modern West. The fundamental question of the research is what crisis does the Frankfurt School identify in modern society and what solution does it offer to get out of it? The research hypothesis explains that the Frankfurters studied the crisis of "alienation" by studying modernity, and made statements such as mechanism, technology, instrumental reason, the culture industry, impossible art, media, capitalism, scientism, positivism, bureaucracy, and various ideologies. No exclusion-they knew the causes of the crisis. Cases that can be considered in two categories of higher causes and causal causes (causes that are both born and the cause of alienation). Their opinion leads minus the characteristics of the existing society and is worthy of dialectical cognition, that is, rational and extremely free societies. Technology is placed in its main dignity, that is, instrumentality, so that through this, man can get out of the state of objectification and become one with his original nature. Also, in the forthcoming research, Thomas Spragen’s Crisis Theory, the theoretical framework and the basis of discussion have been established. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - A review on ammonia toxicity in fish
Alireza JahanbaniAbstractAmmonia toxicity is one of the most common types of poisoning in fish, which sometimes manifests itself in acute and sometimes chronic forms. Ammonia enters the water from various sources such as industrial wastes, agricultural runoff, and decomposition of micro MoreAbstractAmmonia toxicity is one of the most common types of poisoning in fish, which sometimes manifests itself in acute and sometimes chronic forms. Ammonia enters the water from various sources such as industrial wastes, agricultural runoff, and decomposition of microorganisms living in water and as the final excreta resulting from the catabolism of proteins and amino acids in aquatic animals. Ammonia poisoning is associated with a wide range of symptoms due to the concentration of this substance. These symptoms can range from simple behavioral changes to severe neurological symptoms and death. Fish adopt different strategies when this poisoning occurs; these include reducing nutrition, reducing protein metabolism, detoxifying ammonia and turning it into less toxic substances. Almost all fish organs respond to ammonia poisoning, but organs such as the liver, gills, muscles, and brain play a more prominent role in the development of symptoms, condition control, and detoxification. Understanding the biochemical mechanisms of these organs in the face of ammonia toxicity and understanding the pathophysiology of this toxicity can help prevent or manage this poisoning if it occurs. Of course, not all fish species respond the same way to ammonia toxicity, and some species that are more resistant may be better breeding options. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - اولویتبندی ساز و کارهای حاکمیت فناوری اطلاعات بر مبنای حوزههای تمرکز در شرکت سایپا
محمد موسیخانی محمدحسن کارگراطلاعات و فناوری که از آن پشتیبانی میکند در بسیاری از سازمانها از ارزشمندترین داراییهای سازمان محسوب میشوند. به علت وابستگی ضروری سازمانها به فناوری اطلاعات، پیادهسازی حاکمیت فناوری اطلاعات اثربخش برای آنها به عنوان یک ضرورت مطرح میشود. حوزههای حاکمیت فناوری اط Moreاطلاعات و فناوری که از آن پشتیبانی میکند در بسیاری از سازمانها از ارزشمندترین داراییهای سازمان محسوب میشوند. به علت وابستگی ضروری سازمانها به فناوری اطلاعات، پیادهسازی حاکمیت فناوری اطلاعات اثربخش برای آنها به عنوان یک ضرورت مطرح میشود. حوزههای حاکمیت فناوری اطلاعات موثر بر کسب و کار شامل همسویی استراتژیک، مدیریت ریسک، مدیریت عملکرد، مدیریت منابع و ارایه ارزش هستند. به منظور عملکرد موفق در این حوزههای مرتبط با کسب و کار، ترکیبی از ساز و کارهای ساختاری، فرآیندی و رابطهای، مورد نیاز است و در عین حال، سازمانهای مختلف ممکن است به ترکیبی متفاوت از این ساز و کارها نیاز داشته باشند. هدف از اجرای این پژوهش اولویتبندی ساز و کارهای حاکمیت فناوری اطلاعات بر مبنای حوزههای تمرکز حاکمیت فناوری اطلاعات به منظور انتخاب اثربخشترین ساز و کارها برای استقرار حاکمیت فناوری اطلاعات اثربخش است. سوال اصلی پژوهش این است که به منظور استقرار اثربخش حاکمیت فناوری اطلاعات در شرکت سایپا، کدام یک از ساز و کارهای حاکمیت فناوری اطلاعات دارای اهمیت بیشترین است؟ به منظور پاسخ به سوال پژوهش، با استفاده از نظر خبرگان شرکت سایپا در حوزه فناوری اطلاعات و استفاده از روشهای تصمیمگیری چند معیاره، ابتدا وزن حوزههای تمرکز حاکمیت فناوری اطلاعات به عنوان معیار به دست آمد و سپس اولویتبندی ساز و کارها با استفاده از حوزههای تمرکز با استفاده از روش TOPSIS انجام شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان میدهند که در ساز و کارهای ساختاری، کمیتهها و کارکرد حاکمیت فناوری اطلاعات و در ساز و کارهای فرآیندی، فرآیند اصلی حاکمیت فناوری اطلاعات و ارزیابی عملکرد بیشترین اهمیت را دارا هستند. در بخش ساز و کارهای رابطهای نیز در عین پایین بودن اهمیت این نوع ساز و کارها، مدیریت حساب، دانش و رهبری از اهمیت بیشتری برخوردار هستند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - A Study on variations in photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, flavonoid, and anthocyanin compont contents in two halophyte species (Salsola dendroides Pall. and Limonium reniforme (Girard) Linczin in different seasons
Sepideh Bakhshi Hossein ABBASPOUR Sakineh saeidisarNumerous biochemical and molecular mechanisms have been developed in plants to fight against salt stress namely, change in the content of osmolytes, enhancement of phenolic compounds, and supporting photosynthetic activity. These mechanisms lead to products and processe MoreNumerous biochemical and molecular mechanisms have been developed in plants to fight against salt stress namely, change in the content of osmolytes, enhancement of phenolic compounds, and supporting photosynthetic activity. These mechanisms lead to products and processes which improve the tolerance to salinity. Since there is no significant research on the resistance mechanisms of the species Salsola dendroides pall and Limonium reniforme (Girard) Lincz., some of these physiological changes in the aforementioned plants were investigated under natural stresses during different seasons to study their tolerance mechanism. To this end, plants were randomly collected from Incheboron area, north of Gorgan with four replicates during spring, summer, and autumn. Results showed that with increased temperature and salinity in summer, chlorophyll pigment contents significantly decreased in both Salsola dendroides and Limonium reniforme species. Soluble sugars content significantly increased in shoots and roots of Salsola dendroides in spring compared with other seasons while soluble sugars content in Limonium reniforme was higher in summer in comparison with spring. In summer, flavonoid contents significantly increased in shoots and roots of both species compared with other seasons. Anthocyanin content significantly changed with the change in seasons, while the highest anthocyanin contents were observed in shoots and roots of Salsola dendroides and Limonium reniforme in summer and autumn, respectively. Most of these changes were associated with activation of physiological and biochemical processes which allow the plants to adapt to saline conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Drought Stress and Strategies to cope with it in Crops
Esmaeil Gholinezhad Reza Darvishzadeh Abbas AbhariDrought stress affects various aspects of plant growth (vegetative growth, reproductive growth, flower formation, pollination, fertilization, and seed formation). To reduce the effects of drought stress on plants, it is important to determine the mechanisms of plant res MoreDrought stress affects various aspects of plant growth (vegetative growth, reproductive growth, flower formation, pollination, fertilization, and seed formation). To reduce the effects of drought stress on plants, it is important to determine the mechanisms of plant response to drought stress. In response to drought stress, plants experience morphophysiological, biochemical, cellular, and molecular changes with the ultimate result of improved root system, leaf structure, osmotic regulation, relative water content, and stomatal regulation. The phenotypic manifestations in plants facing drought stress include drought escape (early or short growing period, day length sensitivity, and tiller control), drought avoidance (developed root system, stomatal conductance, size and frequency of stomata, accumulation of abscisic acid, and cuticle thickness and waxy crust on the leaf), drought tolerance (osmotic pressure regulation, passive regulation, active regulation, proline accumulation, and displacement of sap phloem materials), and recovery (improvement). Management methods to improve drought stress tolerance include the development of tolerant cultivars, the use of external osmotic protectors such as glycine betaine and proline, spraying with plant hormones such as abscisic acid, salicylic acid (aspirin), gibberellic acid, jasmonic acid, brasino steroids, and polyamines, application of foreign substances with antioxidants such as glutathione, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), tocopherol (vitamin E), and nitric oxide, foliar application of micronutrients such as iron and zinc, spraying with trace elements such as silicon and selenium, and microbial interactions of plants such as growth-promoting bacteria and fungi. This review article is a content analysis study that was carried out by searching related articles in reliable sites (Google scholar, Web of science, PubMed, Scopus, Sid) aiming to investigate the effects, mechanisms of tolerance, research methods, important measurable traits, drought stress management, and control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Evaluation of the Validity and Reliability of a Communicative Scale for Translation Quality Assessment
Sepeedeh Hanifehzadeh Farzaneh Farahzad -
Open Access Article
84 - Economic Modeling of Restricting the cryptocurrency market on ransomware attacks
Mehran Garmehi Sarah Rahimi DevinThe purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of policies restricting access to the cryptocurrency market on the process of countering ransomware attacks. To this purpose, by reflecting on the details of a ransomware attack, we model the economy of these atta MoreThe purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of policies restricting access to the cryptocurrency market on the process of countering ransomware attacks. To this purpose, by reflecting on the details of a ransomware attack, we model the economy of these attacks and examine the impact of economic variables on the damage caused by them, and through the data obtained from a field study, it has been shown that the relationship between attackers' profits and the damage caused by the attack is non-linear and has local maximums and minimums, and any countermeasures in response to these attacks must be carefully considered in the consequences from an economic point of view.The results show that in a ransomware attack, an attacker may achieve almost the same profit by setting several different amounts of ransom and inflicting several different amounts of total damage. Thus, it is demonstrated that it is important not to adopt policies that may lead the attacker to demand the amounts of ransom that cause further damage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Survey and Effects of Manufacture and Assembly Errors on the Output Error of Globoidal Cam Mechanisms
Hassan Gheisari Ebrahim Karamian Mohammad Barati -
Open Access Article
86 - A Routing Method for Tracking a Moving Target with a Reduced Energy Consumption Approach
Maryam Hasanhoseini Farhad Mesrinejad Homayoun Mahdavi-NasabNowadays, the wireless sensor network (WSN) is used in many different fields and applications. Enemy tracking and wildlife habitats monitoring are the examples of target tracking by using of large number of sensor nodes. The main idea in this area is to find some usable MoreNowadays, the wireless sensor network (WSN) is used in many different fields and applications. Enemy tracking and wildlife habitats monitoring are the examples of target tracking by using of large number of sensor nodes. The main idea in this area is to find some usable target information such as location, speed and movement direction of the target because they must be available any time. By the way, the sensor nodes in sensor network model have a severe energy limit and cannot be recharged simply. In this paper, an efficient algorithm abbreviated EAASA is presented in order to reduce energy consumption while maintaining the quality of target tracking. The simulation results are compared to the AASA (cluster-based target tracking algorithm) algorithm and show that the proposed algorithm has been able to reduce energy consumption significantly while maintaining tracking quality. This method has increased the life time of the network and reduced the rate of loss of the target. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - The Effect of Aspirin on the World's Pandemic COVID-19
Masoumeh Heidaritajan Maryam Jafarian Anvar Seyed Amirali GhasemiAspirin has become one of the most frequently used and cheapest drugs in medicine till now. Since its first synthesis in 1897, several medicinal roles and mechanisms of action of Aspirin have become apparent. Since its emergence, the COVID-19 pandemic has been ravaging MoreAspirin has become one of the most frequently used and cheapest drugs in medicine till now. Since its first synthesis in 1897, several medicinal roles and mechanisms of action of Aspirin have become apparent. Since its emergence, the COVID-19 pandemic has been ravaging the medical and economic sectors even with the significant vaccination advances. In severe presentations, the disease of SARS-CoV-2 can manifest with life-threatening thromboembolic and multi-organ repercussions provoking notable morbidity and mortality. Aspirin, due to its well-known properties and multiple molecular targets, and ought to its extensive clinical use, has been perceived as a potential therapeutic agent for COVID-19. Aspirin acts at multiple cellular targets to achieve its anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet effects. Although initial promising clinical data describing aspirin's role in COVID-19 has appeared, evidence supporting its use remains fragile and premature. In this article, we highlight the history of Aspirin, a novel mechanism of action, and its uses. Also included is a brief statement of emerging new applications and principal mechanisms by which Aspirin inhibits acute inflammation and alters platelet biology; therefore, hypothesized that Aspirin might prove highly beneficial as a novel therapeutic drug for combating severe acute inflammation and thrombosis associated with the cytokine storm in COVID -19 patients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Advanced Analysis of Concentrically Braced Frames (CBFs) by Energy Approach
mohsen izadinia Armin Pouya Parham MemarzadehAdvanced analysis refers to the method which the strength and stability of the system and structural members are determined in an integrated manner and there is no need to check separately each member. This approach makes structural designers better understand the main MoreAdvanced analysis refers to the method which the strength and stability of the system and structural members are determined in an integrated manner and there is no need to check separately each member. This approach makes structural designers better understand the main characteristics affecting the actual behavior of structures. certainly, one of the most widely used structural systems in the construction industry is Concentrically braced frames (CBFs). Mainly, these kinds of frames collapse because of soft story formation at one or a few stories in which excessive brace buckling occurs. This study provides an intuitive understanding of the collapse mechanism of CBFs with 3-18 stories subjected to mainshock-aftershock sequences. Such understanding will support development of design methods that preclude low-capacity collapse modes specially under multi-shock excitations. This paper assesses the collapse mechanism as a stage in which the imposed seismic energy fails to dissipate and eventually leads to uncontrolled kinetic energy in structure. The investigation focuses on the role and distribution of the various energy measures and different dissipating mechanisms throughout the structures. Collapse mechanism is identified for various combinations of the utilized mainshock-aftershock pairs that are gradually scaled following the IDA process. The distribution of input and dissipated energies along various stories reveals the role of upper stories in damping the imposed energy. Furthermore, the similarity between the height profile of the residual drifts and the story imposed energies highlights the characteristic of the structures in adapting their drift response to a mode with the highest energy absorption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Advanced Analysis of Concentrically Braced Frames (CBFs) by Energy Approach
Armin Pouya mohsen izadinia Parham memarzadeh,Advanced analysis refers to a method in which the strength and stability of the system and structural members are recognized in an integrated manner and there is no need to separately check the capacity of the structural members. This approach is a suitable method for e MoreAdvanced analysis refers to a method in which the strength and stability of the system and structural members are recognized in an integrated manner and there is no need to separately check the capacity of the structural members. This approach is a suitable method for evaluating the real behavior of structures and makes structural designers better understand the main characteristics affecting the actual behavior of structures. Undoubtedly, one of the most widely used structural systems in the construction industry is Concentrically braced frames (CBFs). Mainly, these kinds of frames collapse because of a soft story formation in one or more stories in which excessive brace buckling occurs. Using second order inelastic analysis, this study provides an intuitive understanding of the collapse mechanism of CBFs with 6 and 18 stories subjected to mainshock-aftershock sequences. Such understanding will support development of design methods that preclude low-capacity collapse modes specially under multi-shock excitations. This paper assesses the collapse mechanism as a stage in which the imposed seismic energy fails to dissipate and eventually leads to uncontrolled kinetic energy in structure. The investigation focuses on the role and distribution of the various energy measures and different dissipating mechanisms throughout the structures. Collapse mechanism is identified for various combinations of the utilized 32 mainshock-aftershock pairs that are gradually scaled following the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) process. The distribution of input and dissipated energies along various stories reveals the role of upper stories in damping the imposed energy. Furthermore, the similarity between the height profile of the residual drifts and the story imposed energies highlights the characteristics of the structures in adapting their drift response to a mode with the highest energy absorption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Improving the Seismic behavior of Repairable Systems with a Cradle Mechanism in Irregular Mass steel Braced Buildings in Plan
Mohsen Mohajer Tabrizi Abbas Akbarpour Abdul Reza Saroqd Moghadam Maryam F. Nezamabadi Mohammadreza Adib RamezaniThis research has investigated the improvement of the seismic behavior of repairable systems with a cradle mechanism in steel braced buildings with irregular mass in plan. A new method is used to find a suitable method in a building with a regular plan with asymmetric m MoreThis research has investigated the improvement of the seismic behavior of repairable systems with a cradle mechanism in steel braced buildings with irregular mass in plan. A new method is used to find a suitable method in a building with a regular plan with asymmetric mass distribution, in order to reduce the adverse effects of the structure and to quickly repair the damage caused to the structure after a strong earthquake. In this method, by creating lifting conditions at the base of braced bay columns and by using energy-dissipating devices in this part, energy absorption and consumption are transferred to this part of the structure and prevent damage to other parts. Based on the results, the effect of taking into account the effects of vertical and horizontal earthquakes in different mass irregularities of structures in the seismic performance of low-rise structures was determined. Also, the irregularities in the numerical model of the structure have a significant effect on the IDA curves. As the height of the structure increases in the four failure modes, the mean probability of fragility of the structures occurs at a lower Sa, which means that the vulnerability of the structure increases. Also, with the increase in height, the slope of Sa reduction in four failure modes becomes milder, and the fragility curves for two IO performance levels and CP performance level have been obtained for all 6 structures. Considering the effect of irregularities, they are significantly effective in the structural failure of structures, so that considering the effect of these irregularities in mass distribution can lead to an increase in the probability of structural failure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Offering a New Computational Relationship to Evaluate the Bearing Capacity of the Strip Footing on the Two Frictional -Cohesive Layered Ground
Loghman Rahimi navid ganjian Mikaiel Youssefzadehfard Mehdi DerakhshandiIn this study, in order to provide a new analytical relationship for evaluating the bearing capacity of a two layered cohesive- frictional soil mass, 12 sets loading tests of physical model for three types of upper layers with different thicknesses and compactions. In c MoreIn this study, in order to provide a new analytical relationship for evaluating the bearing capacity of a two layered cohesive- frictional soil mass, 12 sets loading tests of physical model for three types of upper layers with different thicknesses and compactions. In continuation, a series of parametric studies were performed to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed relationship using PLAXIS 2D finite element software. In order to study the results of numerical modeling and control of the accuracy of the modeling, results of these analyzes were compared with the experimental results of corresponding physical models by considering the effect of different parameters)relative thickness, compaction ratio and different shear strength parameters of soil layers) on the failure mechanism and the ultimate bearing capacity of the soil. Considering the appropriate fit of the load-displacement curves, the failure pattern and the average difference of the bearing capacity about 3.3% between the physical and numerical models, show that finite element models have good accuracy in predicting the actual behavior of laboratory samples and the results of numerical simulations can be trusted. After the verifying of the numerical analysis results, the values of the bearing capacity obtained from both numerical and analytical methods for 88 different modes of the strip foundation with dimensions B = 1 and 2 meter and soil mass with different layering, depth and shear strength parameters were compared and a difference of about 7 and 12.5% were observed for foundations with dimensions of 1 and 2 meters, respectively. The results showed that there is a relatively good agreement between all three experimental, numerical and analytical methods in the evaluation of the ultimate bearing capacity and the analytical relationship can predict the process of limit pressure changes in terms of the relative thickness of the layers and the evaluation of the ultimate bearing capacity for various states of the strip footing resting on two layeres ground with relatively good accuracy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Advanced Analysis of Concentrically Braced Frames (CBFs) by Energy Approach
Armin Pouya mohsen izadinia Parham MemarzadehAdvanced analysis refers to a method in which the strength and stability of the system and structural members are recognized in an integrated manner and there is no need to separately check the capacity of the structural members. This approach is a suitable method for e MoreAdvanced analysis refers to a method in which the strength and stability of the system and structural members are recognized in an integrated manner and there is no need to separately check the capacity of the structural members. This approach is a suitable method for evaluating the real behavior of structures and makes structural designers better understand the main characteristics affecting the actual behavior of structures. Undoubtedly, one of the most widely used structural systems in the construction industry is Concentrically braced frames (CBFs). Mainly, these kinds of frames collapse because of a soft story formation in one or more stories in which excessive brace buckling occurs. Using second order inelastic analysis, this study provides an intuitive understanding of the collapse mechanism of CBFs with 6 and 18 stories subjected to mainshock-aftershock sequences. Such understanding will support development of design methods that preclude low-capacity collapse modes specially under multi-shock excitations. This paper assesses the collapse mechanism as a stage in which the imposed seismic energy fails to dissipate and eventually leads to uncontrolled kinetic energy in structure. The investigation focuses on the role and distribution of the various energy measures and different dissipating mechanisms throughout the structures. Collapse mechanism is identified for various combinations of the utilized 32 mainshock-aftershock pairs that are gradually scaled following the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) process. The distribution of input and dissipated energies along various stories reveals the role of upper stories in damping the imposed energy. Furthermore, the similarity between the height profile of the residual drifts and the story imposed energies highlights the characteristics of the structures in adapting their drift response to a mode with the highest energy absorption Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Substituent effect on the stability and electronic properties of naphthalene and azulene: A computational investigation
Reza Jafari Reza Ghiasi Bita Mohtat -
Open Access Article
94 - مکانیسم فعالیت ضددردی عصاره متانولی برگ سنا (Senna italica) در موش
آمینا اولوروکوبا اسماو حمزه عایشا موسیBackground & Aim: Senna italica leaf (SIL) is extensively used in traditional medicine for the management of various types of pain including stomach cramps, back ache, joint pains, headache, and migraine. The current study was designed to scientifically investigate MoreBackground & Aim: Senna italica leaf (SIL) is extensively used in traditional medicine for the management of various types of pain including stomach cramps, back ache, joint pains, headache, and migraine. The current study was designed to scientifically investigate the purported uses of the leaves as an analgesic agent and to elucidate its possible mechanism of antinociceptive action.Experimental: Phytochemical screening and oral acute toxicity studies were conducted using standard protocols. Antinociceptive potentials were evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate tests in mice. The possible pharmacological mechanism(s) involved in the anti-nociceptive activity were investigated by pretreating mice with Naloxone (2 mg/kg), L-arginine (50 mg/kg), Propranolol (20 mg/kg), Glibenclamide (10 mg/kg), and Prazosin (1 mg/kg)15 min prior to SIL (1000 mg/kg) administration, then assessed using acetic acid-induced writhing 1 h later. Data was analyzed using One-way Anova followed by Bonferroni post hoc test.Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids and triterpenes. Oral median lethal dose of SIL was found to be greater than 5000 mg/kg. SIL at the doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg demonstrated significant (P<0.05) dose-dependent protection against acetic acid-induced writhes in mice. The extract at the highest dose (1000 mg/kg) also significantly (P<0.05) increased the reaction time of mice to thermal stimulus in the hot plate test. Pretreatment with naloxone, prazosin, L-arginine, and propranolol significantly (P<0.05) reduced the antinociceptive activity of the extract. However, pretreatment with glibenclamide showed no effect on its antinociceptive activity.Recommended applications/industries: The findings of this research has validated the traditional use of the plant in the management of pain through possible involvement of opioidergic, α-adrenergic, β-adrenergic systems including the L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - The American withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and the need to re -read its provisions: (The limits of the two sides in a nuclear agreement with the implementation of the theory of bounded rationality)
ali akbar yari alqar ahmad bakhsi somaye hamidiAfter a nuclear deal, that so called as jcpoa, two paradigm (like& dislike) emerged in the public opinion. With U.S withdrawal from this international and formal agreement, second paradigm was developed. The question of this article is: with the withdrawal of the U. MoreAfter a nuclear deal, that so called as jcpoa, two paradigm (like& dislike) emerged in the public opinion. With U.S withdrawal from this international and formal agreement, second paradigm was developed. The question of this article is: with the withdrawal of the U.S from JCPOA, Iran what to do and what s the basis for a step - by – step Irans Duty Reduction of this Agreement? What did the other partners face when they signed the agreement that had many critics on both sides? Two results of the research are: at first Iran and 5+1 faced with many limites when they sigend this document.they do this act based on Herbert Alexander Simon bounded rationality Theory despite their wishes and disagreement of some part of their people. Second, with U.S withdrawal, if the Islamic Republic of Iran considers the reduction of obligation to deal, oppose to its national interests, according to the trigger mechanism, the legal and political capability is to reduce the obligations or return to the conditions of pre deal. This research based on analytical & descriptive method. With the emphasis on documentary decision analysis on the theories of Herbert Simon and Jack Snyder. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Kinetics and thermodynamics of the esterification reaction according to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism
Rohollah Ezzati -
Open Access Article
97 - Lump Kinetic Method in Solving Kinetic Problems and Cracking Reaction Mechanism: A Review
hasanudin Hasanudin Wan Asri Karna Wijaya -
Open Access Article
98 - The formate and redox mechanisms of water-gas shift reaction on the surface of Ag: A nanocluster model based on DFT study
Darioush Sharafie Ali Arab Mostafa Fazli -
Open Access Article
99 - Sucrose catalyzes synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromene: Insight to the kinetics
Sayeydmosatfa Habibi-Khorassani Malek Taher Maghsoodlou Mehdi Shahraki Mohammad Ali Poorshamsoddin Mahsa Karima Maliheh Abbasi -
Open Access Article
100 - Kinetics investigation of the synthesis reaction of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones in the presence of acetic acid as a catalyst
Sayeyd Mosatfa Habibi-Khorassani Malek Taher Maghsoodlou Mehdi Shahraki Marjan Hashemi Shahri Jasem Aboonajmi Tahere Zarei -
Open Access Article
101 - .Development of a generic model for crime ridden neighborhood
Mostafa Ejtehadi Salahaldin Qaderi Farshid KhezriThe existence of numerous theories and studies about crime at the level of neighborhood, despite having positive points, suffers from certain kinds of reductionism and ambiguity. Many of these studies have focused on social, economic, cultural and environmental variable MoreThe existence of numerous theories and studies about crime at the level of neighborhood, despite having positive points, suffers from certain kinds of reductionism and ambiguity. Many of these studies have focused on social, economic, cultural and environmental variables as the prime causes of crime, and have not systematically studied crime at the neighborhood level. Also, theories and studies that have tried to provide a more integrated model for crime analysis at the neighborhood level are still not well suited to combining different levels and dimensions. The purpose of this paper was to present a multidimensional and multilevel model emphasizing the causal factors and mechanisms for explaining crime at the neighborhood level. Without attempting to present a theory, this article tries to provide a comprehensive model for community-based crime studies by reviewing existing theories on social, cultural, economic and environmental dimensions and combining them. The article tries to increase the explanatory power of neighborhood and crime studies. The success rate of this goal is conditional on testing this model using data within and between neighborhoods and also on being criticized by researchers in this area. The model presented in this paper is a multidimensional and multilevel model in which it attempts to combine the external and internal characteristics of the neighborhood with the power of collective and individual actors to explain the crime. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - ارزیابی عملکرد زنجیره تامین تحت مکانیسم سازمان غیر متمرکز
علیرضا علی نژادهدف از این مقاله ارائه یک مدل DEA جدید شبکه برای اندازه گیری کارایی زنجیرهای دو تامین کننده و یک تولید کننده تحت مکانیزم سازمان غیرمتمرکز است. در این مکانیزم، هر بخش از زنجیره تامین تحت تصمیم گیری منحصر به فرد خود را با علاقه خود را کنترل می شود. ما پیشنهاد کردیم که در Moreهدف از این مقاله ارائه یک مدل DEA جدید شبکه برای اندازه گیری کارایی زنجیرهای دو تامین کننده و یک تولید کننده تحت مکانیزم سازمان غیرمتمرکز است. در این مکانیزم، هر بخش از زنجیره تامین تحت تصمیم گیری منحصر به فرد خود را با علاقه خود را کنترل می شود. ما پیشنهاد کردیم که در مقایسه با مدل CCR برای زنجیره تامین تحت مکانیزم سازمان غیر متمرکز، مناسب نیست که ساختار داخلی را نادیده بگیریم و به عنوان یک جعبه سیاه رفتار کنیم، در حالی که بیش از یک تصمیم گیرنده با منافع متفاوت وجود دارد. علاوه بر این، رابطه بین بهره وری زنجیره تامین و بازده تقسیم بررسی شده است. مثال عددی نشان دهنده کاربرد مدل پیشنهادی است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - حالتهای عملکردی پروبیوتیک و اثر آن روی پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی و عملکرد رشد در طیور
م. ابد ال-فتاحفراهم کردن یک جیره سالم یکی از چالشهای مهم سلامتی در جهان برای حفظ سلامت و شرایط تغذیهای جمعیتها است. به این دلیل، استراتژیهای کنترلی جدیدی از قبیل پروبیوتیکها به عنوان پیشگیری کننده و درمان بجای آنتیبیوتیکها بکار گرفته شدهاند. به طور مشابه، پروبیوتیکها آثار آ Moreفراهم کردن یک جیره سالم یکی از چالشهای مهم سلامتی در جهان برای حفظ سلامت و شرایط تغذیهای جمعیتها است. به این دلیل، استراتژیهای کنترلی جدیدی از قبیل پروبیوتیکها به عنوان پیشگیری کننده و درمان بجای آنتیبیوتیکها بکار گرفته شدهاند. به طور مشابه، پروبیوتیکها آثار آنتاگونیستی روی میکروارگانیسمهای متنوع دخیل در چندین مکانیسم شامل بهبود عملکرد سد اپیتلیال روده، رقابت روی گیرندههای چسبنده، رقابت روی مواد مغذی در دسترس، آثار ضدباکتریایی، تجزیه و خنثیسازی سموم و اثر تعدیل کنندگی سیستم ایمنی دارند. علاوه بر این، پروبیوتیکها آثار مثبتی روی پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی دارند و میتوانند به عنوان مکمل­های جایگزین بهبود دهنده سلامتی شامل هیپوکلسترولومیا و کاهش قند خون استفاده شوند. پروبیوتیکها از طریق مکانیسمهای مختلفی در ارتباط با هیپوکلسترولومیا و هیپوگلایسمی توضیح داده شدهاند. همچنین، استفاده از پروبیوتیکها در خوراک سودمندی پروتئین در خوراک را افزایش میدهد. بنابراین، این بررسی سعی داشته است به طور کلی بینش در مورد نحوه عملکرد حالتهای پروبیوتیکها و اهمین آنها از نظر بیوشیمیایی را ارائه دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Design and construction of filling mechanism for border furrows for secondary tillage operations for paddy cultivation in Khuzestan province
hadi saadi mohammad mansurifar mohammad alkaserfarhaniWhen irrigating the field, the water moves along the strips and transfers most of the water to the ends of the strips, preventing uniform irrigation. In the present study, in order to solve the mentioned problem, a system was designed, constructed and evaluated for perf MoreWhen irrigating the field, the water moves along the strips and transfers most of the water to the ends of the strips, preventing uniform irrigation. In the present study, in order to solve the mentioned problem, a system was designed, constructed and evaluated for performance, which by filling the created furrows, solved the problem of non-uniform irrigation and improved irrigation performance. The system adjoining the plate boundary has two concave plates with a diameter of 35 cm, which float following the main plates of the boundary and along the created ridge, and by transferring a part of the soil of the ridge body, it fills the furrows. Field performance evaluation experiments were performed in 1397 in the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Shushtar Branch. Experimental treatments include: device type (boundary with furrow filling mechanism and boundary without furrow filling), plot distance (5 and 10 meters), on water loss rate (in cubic meters), labor cost to fill boundary furrows, Time of border demarcation operation by Marzband The results show that by using the border trench filling machine and at a distance of 10 meters, the minimum amount of water wasted in the amount of 9680 cubic meters, the lowest labor cost to fill the border trench 100,000 Tomans and the shortest time to do Border operations on agricultural land are 120 minutes per hectare. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Mechanisms for the Development of Human Resources in Khouzestan Sugarcane Agro Industrial Company
Neda Nasir pour Azadeh N. Noorivandi -
Open Access Article
106 - Internet addiction prediction based on self-esteem, quality of life and defense mechanisms in Tehran high school boys
Azadeh Rezayatizadeh Sara Ziafar Fatemeh Khonsari Ahmad TorabiToday, the Internet has a special place in people's lives. Internet addiction in students is one of the new addictions in modern societies. The study was conducted to predict Internet addiction based on self-esteem, quality of life, and defense mechanisms in first-year MoreToday, the Internet has a special place in people's lives. Internet addiction in students is one of the new addictions in modern societies. The study was conducted to predict Internet addiction based on self-esteem, quality of life, and defense mechanisms in first-year high school boys. The research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included all male high school boys in Tehran. Using the available sampling method, 200 people were selected and assigned to the Internet Addiction Questionnaire (Young, 1996), Defensive Style Questionnaire (Anders et al., 1993), Quality of Life Questionnaire (World Health Organization Experts, 1996) and Self-Esteem Questionnaire (Coprasmith). , 1967) responded. The results showed that there was a negative and significant relationship between Internet addiction and self-esteem (r = -0.593 and p = 0.007) and quality of life (r = -0.714 and p = 0.012), respectively. Between Internet addiction and psychotic defense mechanisms (r = 0.678 and p = 0.005) and underdeveloped growth (r = 0.637 and p = 0.003), there is a positive but significant relationship between the defense mechanism of growth. Results (r = -0.819 and p = 0.017) Internet addiction has a negative and significant relationship. The results of regression analysis also showed that predictive variables were able to explain 0.41% of variance in Internet addiction scores together. As a result, according to the results of the study, it is suggested that planners, education officials and families, in addition to managing the use of the Internet in adolescents, also pay attention to quality of life and self-esteem structures and the development of defense mechanisms. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - ارزیابی ساز و کارهای بهبود و ساماندهی تعاونیهای آببران در شهرستان اسفراین به روش AHP
زهرا حسین پور محمدحسین منهاج محمد کاوسی کلاشمینهادینه کردن تعاونیهای آببران یکی از سازوکارهای مدیریت مشارکتی آبیاری است که بسترساز مشارکت کشاورزان در غلبه بر مشکل کم آبی در رسیدن به اهداف مدیریت پایدار آب کشاورزی به شیوهای اثربخش خواهد بود. هدف کلی تحقیق حاضر، شناسایی زمینه-های بهبود تشکلهای آببران و اولویتب Moreنهادینه کردن تعاونیهای آببران یکی از سازوکارهای مدیریت مشارکتی آبیاری است که بسترساز مشارکت کشاورزان در غلبه بر مشکل کم آبی در رسیدن به اهداف مدیریت پایدار آب کشاورزی به شیوهای اثربخش خواهد بود. هدف کلی تحقیق حاضر، شناسایی زمینه-های بهبود تشکلهای آببران و اولویتبندی مولفههای موثر در توسعه و تقویت تشکلها میباشد. جامعه آماری تحقیق را، کارشناسان صاحب نظر و اعضای هیأت مدیره تعاونی و همچنین کشاورزان نمونهای که عضو تعاونی آببران درسال 1394 میباشند (40 نفر)، تشکیل میدهد که انتخاب افراد مورد مصاحبه به صورت سرشماری (تمام شماری)، انجام گرفت. پس از مصاحبه و تکمیل پرسشنامهها، برای رتبهبندی ساز و کارهای بهبود و ساماندهی تعاونیهای آببران، از روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی (نرم افزار اکسپرت چویس 11) استفاده گردید. براساس وزن نهایی معیارها، به ترتیب ساز و کارهای حمایتی(0/266)، مدیریت آب کشاورزی(0/261)، اقتصادی(0/183)، آموزشی و ترویجی(0/123)، قانونی(0/090) و نگرش اعضای تعاونی آببران(0/076) قرار گرفتند.با توجه به این که سازوکارهای حمایتی، مدیریت آب کشاورزی و اقتصادی به عنوان مهمترین سازوکارهای بهبود تعاونی آببران هستند، از اینرو پیشنهاد میگردد سازمان جهاد کشاورزی با همکاری بانک کشاورزی تسهیلات و اعتبارات بانکی با بهره خیلی کم در جهت تبدیل آبیاری سنتی به آبیاری تحت فشار در اختیار بهرهبرداران قرار دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - ابعاد مسئولیتپذیری اجتماعی شرکتی در شرکتهای تعاونی روستایی
کمال رستمی لاله صالحیفعالیتهای ناپایدار انسانی طی دهههای اخیر اثرات مخرب و غیرقابل جبرانی بر پایداری زیستمحیطی، اجتماعی، و حتی اقتصادی داشته است و کشورها و دولتها را با مشکلات عدیدهای در زمینهی مهاجرت، حاشیهنشینی، افزایش فقر و فاصلهی طبقاتی، و موارد بیشمار دیگری روبرو ساخته است. است Moreفعالیتهای ناپایدار انسانی طی دهههای اخیر اثرات مخرب و غیرقابل جبرانی بر پایداری زیستمحیطی، اجتماعی، و حتی اقتصادی داشته است و کشورها و دولتها را با مشکلات عدیدهای در زمینهی مهاجرت، حاشیهنشینی، افزایش فقر و فاصلهی طبقاتی، و موارد بیشمار دیگری روبرو ساخته است. استدلال شده است که تلفیق مسئولیتپذیری اجتماعی شرکتی در ساختار شرکتها و فعالیتهای اقتصادی (از جمله شرکتهای تعاونی روستایی) میتواند به جبران کاستیها و بیتوجهیهای گذشته به محیط طبیعی کمک شایان توجهی کند. لازمهی این امر، شناسایی عاملهای اثرگذار بر توسعهی CSR در ساختار شرکتهای تعاونی روستایی و سهم هر عامل در درگیر شدن آنها در این فعالیتها است. بنابراین، هدف این پژوهش ارتقاء سطح مسئولیتپذیری اجتماعی در میان اعضای شرکتهای تعاونی روستایی شهرستان کامیاران بود (N=14100). بدین منظور از پرسشنامهای محقق ساخت استفاده شد که روایی آن از طریق پانل متخصصان و پایایی آن از طریق محاسبهی ضریب آلفای کرونباخ (71/ 0≥ α) تأیید شد. دادهها در محیط نرمافزار SPSS مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. یافتهها ضریب همبستگی نشان دادند که رابطهی مثبت و معنیداری بین استراتژی حمایتی، نظارتی و هدایتی، قانونمندی و توانمندی روانی و ساختاری، و سازوکار مشارکتی با سطح CSR در شرکتهای مورد مطالعه وجود دارد. همچنین، یافتههای رگرسیون گام به گام نشان داد که دو عامل استراتژی حمایتی، نظارتی و هدایتی، و قانونمندی و توانمندیهای روانی-ساختاری در مجموع 4/36 درصد از واریانس متغیر وابستهی CSR را تبیین میکنند. در نهایت، دلالتهای نظری و کاربردی پژوهش در بخش نتیجهگیری بیان گردید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Application of image-processing to crack propagation process identification in concrete under fatigue phenomenon
Mohsen Heydari Mofrad Yasin Hoseini-Azar -
Open Access Article
110 - A DMAIC approach for process capability improvement an engine crankshaft manufacturing process
G. V. S. S. Sharma P. Srinivasa Rao -
Open Access Article
111 - Cooperative aggregate production planning: a game theory approach
Ashkan Hafezalkotob Samaneh Chaharbaghi Tahmineh Moradi Lakeh -
Open Access Article
112 - Promotion strategies for popularization of science in Iran: viewpoints of experts
Azadeh HeidariPurpose: in addition to the important issues like policymaking and implementation process of Popularization of Science in the National mechanism in Iran, several factors should be considered because they have a major role in success or failure of mechanism. So, Identify MorePurpose: in addition to the important issues like policymaking and implementation process of Popularization of Science in the National mechanism in Iran, several factors should be considered because they have a major role in success or failure of mechanism. So, Identifying barriers and problem solving strategies are important. Methodology: A national survey involving 60 experts who were working on popularization of science by individual interest or as job task. Data were collected and analyzed by using mixed of methods (Document study, Survey and interviews). Participants were identified through targeted sampling and snowball identification technique. Findings: The descriptive results of research revealed that “Reforming the Educational systems (Schools and Universities) in Iran, with considering Popularization of Science, as one of the most important activities” was identified as the first important factors (the first in ranking), according to 60 participants answers, and also “improving the awareness of Government officials and private organizations about importance of Popularization of Science” and “Paying attention about Popularization of Science from an early ages” were two other important factors in experts points of view (the second and third in ranking). Conclusion: “Governmental Financial support from the newly established centers, private centers, entrepreneurships and etc.”, “Paying the grants to active organizations and designing encouraging programs”, and “identifying the especial policy for funding, loans, and etc. for Governmental and private centers by Government” were three important approaches in order to overcome financial problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - The Accountability Levels of Saudi Arabia towards United Nations Mechanisms (2009-2016)
Farzaneh Mostofi-far Fatemeh Hashemi Seyed Mohammad Kazem Sajadpoor -
Open Access Article
114 - A Critical Review of René Girard’s Mythology Theory
Masood Algooneh JunqaniRené Girard takes a critical approach to the James George Frazer and Claude Lévi-Strauss anthropological views. He belongs to the Freudian psychoanalytic school and the late French psychoanalysis. Girard has proposed a view about history and culture that i MoreRené Girard takes a critical approach to the James George Frazer and Claude Lévi-Strauss anthropological views. He belongs to the Freudian psychoanalytic school and the late French psychoanalysis. Girard has proposed a view about history and culture that is a novel mixture of literary criticism, mythology, psychoanalysis and religious studies. He puts forward the idea that in every myth it can be found the trace of a real violence that has changed over time; he turns to a Euhemeristic mythological point of view which holds that objective historical violence is a constitutive component of rituals and myths of different tribes. By reading texts, he identifies symbolic signs that indicate to mimetic desire in human’s ontological and psychological structure as well as victimary process and scapegoat mechanism in the cultural foundations of different ethnic groups. Accordingly, the present article attempts to consider the origins of Girard's ideas and his arguments by using analytical-critical method. The author of the paper puts an emphasis on Girard's irrationalist points of view and criticizes his anti-Cartesian views about the "subject". Also, what he proposes as the foundation of human culture follows a blind and wild unconsciousness which is based on denial of self-conscious position of desire. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Object Relations and Defense Mechanisms in Social Anxiety
Fatemeh Mesgarian Parviz Azad Fallah Hojatollah Farahani Nima GhorbaniThe purpose of this study was to investigate the roles of object relations and defense mechanisms in predicting social anxiety. The sample of 558 students were selected from the University of Tehran by convenience sampling method. The participants completed Bell Object MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the roles of object relations and defense mechanisms in predicting social anxiety. The sample of 558 students were selected from the University of Tehran by convenience sampling method. The participants completed Bell Object Relations Inventory (BORI; Bell, Becker & Billington, 1986), Defense Styles Questionnaire (DSQ; Andrews, Singh & Bond, 1993) and Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN; Connor, et.al, 2000). The results indicated that social anxiety is significantly correlated with object relation dimensions (i.e., egocentricity, alienation, insecure attachment and social incompetence) and mature defense styles (suppression and humor). The correlations between social anxiety and all immature defense styles were significant except the correlation with denial. The results of step by step regression indicated that social incompetence, insecure attachment, autistic fantasy, dissociation and passive aggressive were the most important predictors of social anxiety. The findings empirically supported psychodynamic explanations about psychopathology, and also indicated the roles of object relations and immature defenses in social anxiety Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - The Mediating Role of Defense Mechanisms in the Relationship Between Attachment Pathologies and the Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety
Tohid Ranjbari Mohammad Ali Besharat Reza PourhosseinThe present study aimed to determine the mediating role of defense mechanisms in the relationship between attachment pathologies and the symptoms of depression and anxiety. Four hundred and six participants (242 boys and 164 girls) were recruited to fill out Adult Attac MoreThe present study aimed to determine the mediating role of defense mechanisms in the relationship between attachment pathologies and the symptoms of depression and anxiety. Four hundred and six participants (242 boys and 164 girls) were recruited to fill out Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI; Besharat, 2011, 2013), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS; Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995), and Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ; Andrews, Singh & Bond, 1993). The results of path analysis indicated that the proposed model had a good fit with the observed data, confirming that the relationship between attachment pathologies and the symptoms of depression and anxiety is a non-linear relationship. Specifically, it was found that attachment pathologies affect the depression and anxiety symptoms through defense mechanisms. Accordingly, it is very important to consider defense mechanisms in addition to attachment pathologies in depression and anxiety disorders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - The relationship between emotional intelligence,defence mechanisms and addiction
Saeed Akbari Zardkhaneh Reza Rostam Mostafa ZareanThe Emotional Intelligence Scale (Beshart, 2007), Defense Style Questionnaire (Andrews, Singh, & Bond, 1993), and Addiction Acknowledgment Scale (Weed et al, 1992) were administered to a random selection of 296 Tehran university students. Findings demonstrated a neg MoreThe Emotional Intelligence Scale (Beshart, 2007), Defense Style Questionnaire (Andrews, Singh, & Bond, 1993), and Addiction Acknowledgment Scale (Weed et al, 1992) were administered to a random selection of 296 Tehran university students. Findings demonstrated a negative relationship between total emotional intelligence scores, emotional perception subscale, and addiction acknowledgement. Controlling for emotional intelligence and its component effects, a significant relationship between mature and immature defense mechanisms and addiction acknowledgment was negative and positive respectively. Controlling for defense mechanisms, there were negative relationships between emotional intelligence, its emotional perception component, and addiction acknowledgment. It can be concluded that, emotional intelligence construct can be a strong mediator of the relationship between emotional characteristies and addition acknowledgment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Regulations governing banking sanctions in the light of international law
zabiholah Porjan Abad ali zare mohsen mohebi saber niyavaraniField and Aims: One of the tools to guarantee the implementation of general international law is sanctions against countries, which were placed in the hands of the United Nations Security Council based on the United Nations Charter, so that according to it, it can deal MoreField and Aims: One of the tools to guarantee the implementation of general international law is sanctions against countries, which were placed in the hands of the United Nations Security Council based on the United Nations Charter, so that according to it, it can deal with international crises that threaten global peace and security. to manage The sanctions of the Security Council against Iran are derived from the seventh chapter of the United Nations Charter, which talks about "threats or violations of peace in the world". One of the targets of these sanctions are the banks, and in this article we will discuss the international regulations governing their sanctions.Method: This research was carried out in terms of practical purpose and in terms of gathering information in a documentary way and through the study of valid laws and sources, and the obtained information was analyzed in a descriptive-analytical manner.Findings and Conclusions: The Council of Ministers of the European Union has so far approved various and numerous sanctions against Iranian banks in the form of independent resolutions. EU sanctions require all member countries to comply with them, and the cancellation of sanctions is done by the Council of Ministers of the European Union by approving a plan in this council. In fact, the government of the United States of America and the European Union with this action; It has violated the treaty obligations, the rules related to the international responsibility of the governments and the specific obligations of the US government not to interfere in the internal affairs of Iran, and the European Union also violated the resolutions of the Security Council as well as articles 24 and 25 of the United Nations Charter and Even articles 53 and 103 of the charter (without the permission of the Security Council) sanction the Islamic Republic of Iran, and even these cases are in conflict with article 59 of the plan of international responsibility of governments, which were among the reasons for conducting this research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Multiplicity of courts and jurisdictions in international trade law and solutions to deal with it
Mir Shahbiz Shafi mahdi delgirField and Aims: Proliferation of international tribunals and jurisdictions is a rather new phenomenon that has emerged in international public law, generally and in international trade law, specifically. However, this phenomenon signals preparation on the part of states MoreField and Aims: Proliferation of international tribunals and jurisdictions is a rather new phenomenon that has emerged in international public law, generally and in international trade law, specifically. However, this phenomenon signals preparation on the part of states to use courts and tribunals for settling their disputes peacefully, it may raise problems when courts arrive at divergent or event conflicting rulings in an international legal order that lacks hierarchy. This article aims to address whether proliferation of tribunals and jurisdictions has emerged in international trade law; and if so, what is its consequences for international trade law and which possible solutions may be suggested to deal with its negative consequences.Method: This Research is prepared by a descriptive-analytical method.Finding and Conclusion: Given to reasons for proliferation of tribunals and jurisdictions that are addressed in this article, the answer to the question of emergence of proliferation in international trade law is positive. Thus, the consequences of proliferation in international trade law are presented. Then, in regard with exclusive jurisdiction of World Trade Organization (WTO) for international trade disputes and its exceptions by Free Trade Agreements (FTAs), practical instances of conflicting jurisdictions in international trade law jurisprudence are recognized. Finally, possible tools for solving conflicting jurisdictions between WTO and FTAs disputes settlement mechanisms, and also possible solutions for improvement of cooperative interactions between these mechanisms are suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - The Study of Market's Role in water Resource Optimal Allocation
M. Jofreh S. AlizadehThe base article show the market in allocating resources is water. Studies on the functions of the water market in the world and Iran is said to be: Water markets where excess demand for water there is, generally, are formed. Water resources of the national markets h MoreThe base article show the market in allocating resources is water. Studies on the functions of the water market in the world and Iran is said to be: Water markets where excess demand for water there is, generally, are formed. Water resources of the national markets have water. Separation of water from land ownership is a requirement of water markets. The third law of economic development - the social state (rule 106) and rule 17 of the Fourth Development and implementation documentation And rule 142 of the fifth development plan emphasizes the need to strengthen local markets and facilitate transactions by. Moreover, according to encourage investment in water projects in the license agreement to sell water to the price the investor is given. n order to increase water use efficiency, increase farmers income, reduce risk, income farmers, Increased private investment in the water industry, increase public participation in water resource management and reduce costs in administration and management of water resources Deserves the attention of policy makers and industry to promote water markets, water and agriculture Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - A survey of Financing Projects Mechanisms in Oil Industry of Iran
ابراهیم عباسی سید ایمان مصطفویAbstract Hyrocarbonic product including Oil & Gas export revenues play a central role in economy , social & political stability as well as the security of exporting countries . These nations are mainly categorized as developing countries and are heavily depende MoreAbstract Hyrocarbonic product including Oil & Gas export revenues play a central role in economy , social & political stability as well as the security of exporting countries . These nations are mainly categorized as developing countries and are heavily dependent on capital, management & the advance trchnology of Oil majors for exploitation of their underground reserves. On the other side the foreign Oil companies (FOCs) require security and a promising long term profit to secure any investment in host countries. These two groups mainly come together and enter in to agreement within what we refer to as Oil & Gas contracts in which the parties stipulate and agree on all the terms and conditions as well as their financial expectations thereof. Factors such as restrictions posed by legal systems, public’s historical background, economical and political status of the nation a long with several others may motivate or discourage a country as to adopt or avoid a certain type of contract. Adopting a certain type of contract may in long run affect the outcomes drastically either towards or against interests of host countries. This research, after analyzing , various finance project types conventional in Oil & Gas industry, comparing their merits and pitfalls and reviewing criticisms ; aims at proposing apprpaiate options for Iran. Using the Analytical Hierachy Process (AHP) , this research compares Buy-back , Concession and Production Sharing Contracts (PSC) together to find the optimum contractual method in finance and project implemention in oil upstream section for both independent and Iranian joint fields . the most important decision-making criteria for making contract in upstream section for oil and gas industry are classified to “Befor” and “After” contract approval. the criteria were selected by Delphi method. To do this research , two questioners were filled out by professionals in oil industry in two stages and the data was analyzed by EC software. The analysis of data indicates that the Buy-back are preferable than PSCs and Concession contracts in independent fields (63.4%) and the PSCs are preferable than Buy-back and Concession contracts in joint fields Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Investigating the alignment of the political behavior of the Rouhani government with the mechanisms of the International Crisis Group
Mohamed-Ali Raafat Parvizreza Mirlotfi Ahmadreza TaheriAs the Rouhani administration began its nuclear negotiations with the P5+1, disagreements against various issues, in addition to making it difficult to reach an agreement, prolonged the process. Many NGOs and think tanks offered suggestions on nuclear negotiations and r MoreAs the Rouhani administration began its nuclear negotiations with the P5+1, disagreements against various issues, in addition to making it difficult to reach an agreement, prolonged the process. Many NGOs and think tanks offered suggestions on nuclear negotiations and resolving these differences. The International Crisis Group was one of these NGOs that was able to mediate and make recommendations to the parties to the negotiation process and, in the event of a failure of the negotiations, make recommendations that would be reviewed and sometimes accepted by governments, especially the Rouhani administration. Nin Process ultimately led to the Joint Action Plan Agreement (JCPOA) between the parties.This descriptive-explanatory study seeks to answer the question whether there has been coordination with the mechanisms of the International Crisis Group in some strategic decisions of rouhani's government in the domestic and foreign spheres. The resources of this study have been collected in a library. The results show that there is a consistency between the mechanisms and proposals presented by the International Crisis Group and some of the policies and decisions made by rouhani's government. Insistence on accepting some of the JCPOA provisions, such as reducing enrichment volumes, accepting agency inspectors' oversight of nuclear facilities, and some post-JCPOA proposals such as the approval of the F.A.T.F. or prisoner exchanges, etc. This has been in line with the group's recommendations to Rouhani's government. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Designing and compiling a self-awareness training model based on emotions, defense mechanisms and anxiety
Davood Manavipoor Nasrin ShadmanfarThe present study was conducted with the aim of modeling self-knowledge education based on emotions, defense mechanisms and anxiety. 345 students were selected by available sampling method and responded to researcher-made emotion scales (1397), Gholami anxiety scale (13 MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of modeling self-knowledge education based on emotions, defense mechanisms and anxiety. 345 students were selected by available sampling method and responded to researcher-made emotion scales (1397), Gholami anxiety scale (1395), defense mechanism scale of Arnold et al. DSQ (1996). The research data was analyzed using structural equation method. The results showed that the coefficient of significance between emotions and self-knowledge was 47.54 and this value shows that emotions have a positive, direct and significant effect on self-knowledge and the coefficient of significance between defense mechanism and self-knowledge is 112.33 and this value also shows that the defense mechanism has a positive, direct and significant effect on self-knowledge. Also, a significant coefficient between anxiety and self-knowledge was obtained at 0.45, and this value shows that anxiety does not have a significant effect on self-knowledge. The findings showed that the fit indices of the modified model are optimal and acceptable. The index of the ratio of chi square to the degree of freedom is equal to (2.68) and indicates the fit of the model. The square root index of the mean error of approximation (RMSEA) is equal to (0.08), which, due to the low level of this index, means the suitability of the model. The goodness of fit index (GFI) is equal to (0.97), the normalized fit index (NFI) is equal to (0.99) and the comparative fit index (CFI) is equal to (0.98), which all indicate the desirability of the model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Mechanism of prevention of economic crimes from the point of view of Supreme Leader
Sajjad Rahmati torkashvand pari babakeshizadeh farzaneh saboori neda mohammadoghli hora ataeifarEconomic crimes are one of the important issues affecting the current society of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which has many destructive economic and social effects. Economy plays an irreplaceable role in the lives of people in the society, and because of its direct co MoreEconomic crimes are one of the important issues affecting the current society of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which has many destructive economic and social effects. Economy plays an irreplaceable role in the lives of people in the society, and because of its direct contact with people's lives, it is fundamental and cannot be ignored in any way. In a way that, according to Masoomin, disorder in the field of economy not only causes disruption in other areas of life, but also affects religion and human resurrection. Despite the existence of various laws and numerous efforts to fight and deal with this type of crime, it has not been as fruitful as it should be. This article tries to investigate this important issue, what are the challenges of dealing with economic crimes and the solutions that can be proposed in this field according to the statements and views of the Supreme Leader? The present research is theoretical; Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Presenting the development model of technological start-ups in companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange for the dynamics of extra-organizational management mechanisms
Pezhman Hajatpoor saber Mollaalizadeh Zavardehi Allah Karam SalehiPurpose: Organizations today operate in an uncertain, complex, and rapidly changing environment that necessitates the development of capabilities and capacities for competitive advantage. The aim of this research is to present a model for the development of technologica MorePurpose: Organizations today operate in an uncertain, complex, and rapidly changing environment that necessitates the development of capabilities and capacities for competitive advantage. The aim of this research is to present a model for the development of technological startups to enhance the dynamics of extra-organizational navigation mechanisms. Methodology: The research adopts an exploratory objective and a mixed-method approach (qualitative-quantitative). The qualitative research population consists of experts and top managers of industrial companies listed on the stock exchange, with 20 purposively selected participants, and sampling continued until theoretical saturation was achieved.Within the quantitative segment, the sample comprises 500 individuals drawn from the academic faculty, senior executives, middle managers, and industry experts associated with firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The sample size of 217 individuals was determined using Cochran's formula for the period spanning 2012 to 2022. Findings: The results indicate that constraints on financial resources (research and development budgets) and risk-sharing, the transition towards the digital economy synchronized with regional and global developments, market penetration processes, increasing competitiveness, and the formation of an economic scale for product development, as well as social and cultural transformations such as the emergence of an educated middle class, underscore the necessity of strategic thinking in organizations commensurate with changes in the operating environment as key factors in the development of startups. Moreover, contextual and intervening factors include 10 and 5 categories, respectively, comprising macroeconomic conditions and constraints in attracting foreign investment, and the inherent complexity of innovation and commercialization, especially in advanced technology domains. Furthermore, strategies encompassing 16 components, including adopting an agile startup approach and risk-taking and crisis management. Additionally, consequential categories include creating value for businesses following a market-oriented approach through resource integration and product development. In the quantitative section, the conceptual research model was tested, and the research hypothesis was confirmed. Originality/Scientific Contribution: The research findings can contribute to enhancing competition among companies listed on the stock exchange, and it is expected that the establishment of extra-organizational navigation mechanisms will effectively assist in the implementation of the board of directors' tasks and compliance with legal requirements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Modelling and prediction of the yield strength of 6061 aluminum alloy processed by accumulative roll bonding (ARB)
Mohammad Reza Rezaei Mohammad Reza Toroghinejad Fakhreddin AshrafizadehIn the present research, a quantitative approach was employed to investigate the mechanical properties of ultrafine grained 6061 aluminum alloy after different cycles of accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process. In this regard, the yield strength of samples was modelled MoreIn the present research, a quantitative approach was employed to investigate the mechanical properties of ultrafine grained 6061 aluminum alloy after different cycles of accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process. In this regard, the yield strength of samples was modelled based on the microstructural parameters extracted from x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and micrographs using corresponding mathematical equations. The microstructural features and mechanical properties of samples were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and uniaxial tensile test, respectively. The density of stored dislocations was calculated from XRD patterns by famous Williamson-Hall equation. Microstructural characterizations revealed that ultrafine grains as well as non-shearable precipitates were formed gradually by increasing the number of ARB cycles. The yield strength of ARBed samples was increased by increasing the number of cycles and reached to 278 MPa after third cycle. The grain refinement mechanism was the dominant strengthening mechanism in one cycle ARBed sample, contributing a strength increment estimated to about 95 MPa and its positive role was increased continuously by increasing the number of cycles. Also, the experimentally determined yield strength was in reasonable agreement with theoretically determined yield strength from strengthening mechanisms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Studying the Wear Behavior of applied coats on Titanium by Chromium Electroplating and Plasma Nitriding Processes
Arvin Taghizadeh Tabrizi Hossein Aghajnai Hasan Saghafian Farhad Farhang LalehThe surface properties of industrial parts and especially wear behavior of them plays an important role in life service of them. Chromium coat and plasma nitriding are two common ways of applying hard coat on diverse substrates. In this paper, both of these coats applie MoreThe surface properties of industrial parts and especially wear behavior of them plays an important role in life service of them. Chromium coat and plasma nitriding are two common ways of applying hard coat on diverse substrates. In this paper, both of these coats applied on titanium substrate as an advanced engineering materials and the wear behavior of them were compared. For this aim, Pin on disk test was carried out and the weight loss was measured. For determining the wear mechanism of the sample, field emission scanning electron microscopy study was carried out on wear traces. Results show that although the achieved surface micro hardness value of chromium coats is higher than nitride samples, 594 HV at current density of 50 A/dm2 and 60 min versus 528 HV at 600 oC for nitride sample, but they show the weaker wear resistance. Adhesive wear mechanism is determined mechanism at both samples. Also, the lowest coefficient of friction is obtained at sample nitride at 600 oC Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - بررسی مکانیزم های خرابی در پوشش های حائل حرارتی تحت بارگذاری خستگی هم دما و غیرهم دما با طراحی آزمایش ها
محمد آزادی غلامحسین فرهی در این مقاله، مکانیزمهای شکست و خرابی یک آلیاژ آلومینیوم (که در بستار موتورهای احتراق داخلی دیزلی کاربرد دارد) در دو حالت با و بدون پوششهای حائل حرارتی سرامیکی، تحت بارگذاریهای خستگی همدما و غیرهمدما، مطالعه شده است. در این تحقیق، ماده پایه شامل آلیاژ آلومین More در این مقاله، مکانیزمهای شکست و خرابی یک آلیاژ آلومینیوم (که در بستار موتورهای احتراق داخلی دیزلی کاربرد دارد) در دو حالت با و بدون پوششهای حائل حرارتی سرامیکی، تحت بارگذاریهای خستگی همدما و غیرهمدما، مطالعه شده است. در این تحقیق، ماده پایه شامل آلیاژ آلومینیوم- سیلیسیوم- منیزیم است و پوشش حائل حرارتی نیز، شامل یک پوشش میانی فلزی به ضخامت 150 میکرومتر و یک پوشش اصلی از زیرکونیای پایدار شده با ایتریا به ضخامت 350 میکرومتر میباشد که بر روی ماده پایه (آلیاژ آلومینیوم)، به روش پاشش حرارتی پلاسما ایجاد شده است. برای بررسی تحلیل خرابی و تحلیل حساسیت، آزمونهای خستگی همدما (و یا کمچرخه در دمای ثابت) و آزمونهای خستگی غیرهمدما (و یا ترمومکانیکی غیرهمفاز)، بر روی نمونههای استاندارد آزمون انجام شده است. سپس، با استفاده از میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی، مکانیزمهای شکست در آلیاژ آلومینیوم، با و بدون پوشش، بررسی شده است. پس از بررسی آسیب خستگی و تحلیل خرابی، حساسیت عمر ماده نسبت به عوامل مختلف (دما و کرنش) نیز، مطالعه شده است. براساس نتایج بدست آمده، سطح شکست آلیاژ آلومینیوم دارای دیمپل بوده و شکست آن بصورت نرم است. در پوشش حائل حرارتی نیز، جدایش لایه میانی پوشش از ماده پایه، مکانیزم آسیب غالب است. همچنین، بیشترین حساسیت مربوط به پارامتر کرنش در آزمونهای خستگی آلیاژ آلومینیوم (با و بدون پوشش) است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - تحلیل اجزای محدود مکانیزم ایمنی در یک کنترلکننده مکانیکی
مهدی مساح کورش حسنپور مهرداد پورسینا مهدی سلمانی تهرانی مسیح سنبلستاندر این تحقیق رفتار دینامیکی مکانیزم ایمنی مربوط به یک کنترلکننده بهکمک روش اجزاء محدود سهبعدی شبیهسازی شده و مورد تحلیل و بررسی قرار گرفتهاست. این تحقیق بر روی کنترلکننده مربوط به پرتابههای با شتاب بالا تمرکز دارد. این کنترلکننده از نوع مکانیکی بوده و در نوک پرت Moreدر این تحقیق رفتار دینامیکی مکانیزم ایمنی مربوط به یک کنترلکننده بهکمک روش اجزاء محدود سهبعدی شبیهسازی شده و مورد تحلیل و بررسی قرار گرفتهاست. این تحقیق بر روی کنترلکننده مربوط به پرتابههای با شتاب بالا تمرکز دارد. این کنترلکننده از نوع مکانیکی بوده و در نوک پرتابه قرار میگیرد. در این مکانیزم قطعات به دو دسته صلب و تغییرشکلپذیر تقسیم میشوند. قطعه تغییرشکلپذیر در نرمافزار آباکوس و قطعات صلب در نرمافزار آدامز شبیهسازی میشوند. هدف از انجام این تحقیق بررسی نحوه تغییرشکل پلاستیک قطعه تغییرشکلپذیر یعنی رینگ ایمنی و شبیهسازی عمل چرخیدن روتور یا انجام عمل مکانیزم ایمنی و مدت زمان مورد نیاز برای انجام آن میباشد. همچنین بهدست آوردن زمان و سرعت زاویة مورد نیاز برای آغاز بازشدن رینگ ایمنی و بیرونآمدن پین ایمنی و سرعت زاویة متناظر با شروع چرخش روتور که سوراخ آن با محور سوزن یا سوراخ راهنما همراستا میشود، به عنوان پارامترهای مهم در مکانیزم ایمنی مطرح بوده و مورد بررسی قرار میگیرند Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - شبیه سازی حرکت پای انسان با مکانیزم یک درجه آزادی
دامون بختیاریان هادی همایی امین ملکی زاده مراد شهبازی تک آبینیاز به شبیه سازی الگوی حرکت پای انسان محققان و مهندسان را به سوی ارائه الگوهای متفاوت برای توصیف این حرکت کرده است. در این میان راه حل های بهینه از لحاظ مصرف انرژی و دقت و غیره از اهمیت بالایی برخوردارند. در این مقاله تلاش شده تا با طراحی یک مکانیزم کاملا دو بعدی شش می Moreنیاز به شبیه سازی الگوی حرکت پای انسان محققان و مهندسان را به سوی ارائه الگوهای متفاوت برای توصیف این حرکت کرده است. در این میان راه حل های بهینه از لحاظ مصرف انرژی و دقت و غیره از اهمیت بالایی برخوردارند. در این مقاله تلاش شده تا با طراحی یک مکانیزم کاملا دو بعدی شش میله ای با یک درجه آزادی به گونه ای که کمترین خطا را با حالت طبیعی راه رفتن پای انسان داشته باشد، راه حل جدیدی ارائه داده شود . ضمن اینکه یافته های این مقاله فرآیندی برای بهینه سازی مکانیزم های چندمیله ای ارائه می کند تا بتوان آن را در هر زمینه ی دیگری مانند ساخت پروتز پای انسان بکار برد. در اینجا از الگوریتم بهینه­سازی اجتماع ذرات استفاده شد. نتایج کار حاصل از بهینه سازی با داده های آزمایشگاهی پای انسان مقایسه شده است. نتایج نشان می دهد که مکانیزم شش میله ای پیشنهادی، ضمن بهینه کردن بسیاری از پارامترهای حرکتی به خوبی قادر به شبیه سازی حرکت پای انسان است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - طراحی مسیر بهینه حرکت سروُمکانیزم هیدرولیکی سه درجه آزادی به کمک الگوریتم ژنتیک
فرشید آقاداوودی شهرام لنجان نژادیانهدف اصلی در این مقاله استفاده از روش بهینهسازی عددی الگوریتم ژنتیک در طراحی مسیر سروُمکانیزم هیدرولیکی است. در این مقاله ابتدا پارامترهای هندسی یک مکانیزم سه درجه آزادی صفحهای با سه جک هیدرولیکی تعریف و شناسایی شدهاند. سپس معادلات حرکت آن مورد بررسی قرار گرفتهاند و Moreهدف اصلی در این مقاله استفاده از روش بهینهسازی عددی الگوریتم ژنتیک در طراحی مسیر سروُمکانیزم هیدرولیکی است. در این مقاله ابتدا پارامترهای هندسی یک مکانیزم سه درجه آزادی صفحهای با سه جک هیدرولیکی تعریف و شناسایی شدهاند. سپس معادلات حرکت آن مورد بررسی قرار گرفتهاند و سیستم جکهای محرک هیدرولیکی که توسط شیرهای کنترلی کار میکند به مدل افزوده شده است. در ادامه با توجه به منطق الگوریتم ژنتیک، بر اساس معیار کمینه کردن مصرف انرژی هیدرولیکی، مسیرهای مختلف حرکتی برای حرکت بین دو نقطه نمونه تحلیل شده و مسیر بهینه بهدست آمده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - جابه جا کردن غیرفعال یک شیء خاص در مسیر مارپیچ قابل پیش بینی بر مبنای هوش مکانیکی
عبدالله باجلان عادل اکبری مجدروش­های جابه­جا کردن اشیاء در علم رباتیک معمولا به دو دسته کلی جابه­جا کردن اشیاء با گرفتن و جا­به­جا کردن اشیاء بدون گرفتن تقسیم می­شوند. هدف اصلی این مقاله تعریف روشی خاص برای جا­به­جا کردن اشیاء است که در آن علاوه بر اینکه شیء گرفته نم Moreروش­های جابه­جا کردن اشیاء در علم رباتیک معمولا به دو دسته کلی جابه­جا کردن اشیاء با گرفتن و جا­به­جا کردن اشیاء بدون گرفتن تقسیم می­شوند. هدف اصلی این مقاله تعریف روشی خاص برای جا­به­جا کردن اشیاء است که در آن علاوه بر اینکه شیء گرفته نمی­شود، عمل جابه­جا کردن آن به صورت غیر فعال انجام می­شود. در این روش علاوه بر تغییر مکان شیء، تغییر موقعیت زاویه­ای و کنترل مسیر حرکت شیء نیز مطرح می­باشد و مسیر تعیین شده به صورت یک منحنی مارپیچ سه بعدی با شعاع و شیب ثابت می­باشد.این روش سیستمی را مطرح می­کند که در آن محرک و نیز کنترل کننده­ی فعال وجود ندارد. این سیستم نیازمند نوعی هوش مکانیکی غیر فعال برای رساندن شیء از وضعیت مبداء، در امتداد مسیر تعیین شده، به وضعیت هدف می­باشد. این هوش با بهره­گیری از شکل هندسی شیء و با تکیه بر تعامل دینامیکی شیء با دیگر اجزای سیستم به وجود می­آید. ابتدا یک شکل کلی که تامین کننده­ی شرایط مورد نیاز باشد، برای شیء در نظر گرفته می­شود و بعد از بررسی سینماتیک و دینامیک مسله ابعاد دقیق و روابط حاکم بر شکل هندسی آن به دست می­آید. در نهایت از نرم افزار ADAMS برای شبیه­سازی این سیستم استفاده می­شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Comparison of the prevalence and mechanism of sports injuries among elite male basketball players
Mohammad Hasan Kordi Ashkezari Abuzar SaadatianBackground: Basketball is a team-oriented and contact sport and participation in this sport entails accepting the risk of injury. The purpose of this study was to determine the causes and prevalence of sports injuries among male basketball players in the country. The ai MoreBackground: Basketball is a team-oriented and contact sport and participation in this sport entails accepting the risk of injury. The purpose of this study was to determine the causes and prevalence of sports injuries among male basketball players in the country. The aim of this study was to determine the causes and prevalence of sport injuries.Methods: This cross-sectional study employed a retrospective method and utilized a questionnaire on basketball injuries as documented by Marcus et al. The study surveyed 82 players from the Premier League and Division I, belonging to the 1401 basketball season. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and chi-square test (c2). Results: The results of the study showed that the frequency of injuries in the lower extremities (75%) was significantly higher than in the other parts of the body (p = 0.001, c2 = 94.46). In the lower limbs, knees and wrists had the highest injury rates (48.7%, and 46.2%, respectively) (p = 0.001, c2 = 41.49). Conversely, in the upper limb, shoulder had the highest injury rate (50%) though the difference was not significant (p = 0.26, c2 = 2.62). The mechanism of occurrence of damage was related to landing (44.2%), which was statistically significant (p = 0.001, c2 = 58.53).Conclusion: The majority of injuries among basketball players affect the lower extremities, particularly the knees and ankles, likely due to frequent jumping and rapid movements during the game. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - the expression effects of drought Stress on growth and physiological characteristics of wild and agronomy wheat genotypes
nafiseh mahdinezhad Homeyra ShahiIn order to study The Effects of drought Stress in response of wheat cultivars and wild genotype, a factorial experiment was carried out in completely randomized design in pot with three replications at 2017-2018 years. The wheat cultivars including (Bolani, behrang, sh MoreIn order to study The Effects of drought Stress in response of wheat cultivars and wild genotype, a factorial experiment was carried out in completely randomized design in pot with three replications at 2017-2018 years. The wheat cultivars including (Bolani, behrang, shabrang, sistan) and wild (urartu, tauschii, speltoides) were as the first factor and irrigation treatment with three levels consisted of normal (80% of water holding capacity of soil), mild stress (60%) and severe stress (40%) was as the second factor. Physiological studies include: chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, Water Use Efficiency, Leaf Relative water content and the was morphological: dry matter production (dry weight of plants), stem dry weight, stem fresh weight, Root dry weight, Root fresh weight, stem length and Rott length. Analysis of variance showed that simple effect of drought stress had a significant effect on the traits chlorophyll a and b, total, carotenoids, stem dry weight, plant dry weight of plant , leaf relative water contwnt, water use efficiency and also on stem length, stem fresh weight characteristics and Root dry weight. The result of the mean comparison showed that the tolerant cultivaers had the highest stem fresh weight, plant dry weight of plant, Leaf Relative water content and Water Use Efficiency. Comparison of cultivars and wild: cultiwars of Bolani and tauschii wild life showed more resistance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Studies on Mechanism of Formation and Medicinal applications of structurally diverse Indole and Oxindole derivatives
Noor ud Din Zargar Khaliq Zaman KhanThe field of heterocyclic chemistry is vast and has played a significant role in synthetic organic chemistry. Heterocyclic compounds and methods for their synthesis form the bedrock of modern medicinal and pharmaceutical research. Indoles and Oxindoles are the most stud MoreThe field of heterocyclic chemistry is vast and has played a significant role in synthetic organic chemistry. Heterocyclic compounds and methods for their synthesis form the bedrock of modern medicinal and pharmaceutical research. Indoles and Oxindoles are the most studied bicyclic nitrogen heterocycles. The selective acylation of indoles often requires sensitive and reactive acyl chloride derivatives. A chemoselective N-acylation of indoles1 using thioesters 2 as a stable acyl source has been reported. Interaction of 1-acylindoles 10 with acetyl chloride in the presence of AlCl3 yields the corresponding 1- acyl-3-acetylindoles 11 which upon hydrolysis affords 3-acetylindole12.Addition of (1Hindol- 3-yl) magnesium iodide (16) to 2-(benzyloxy) acetyl chloride 17 in diethyl ether forms 3-benzyloxyacetylindole 18. Acylation of Oxindole 20 with chloroacetyl chloride affords 5- chloromethyl ketone derivatives31whichwhen treated with thioureas and thioamides leads to the formation of 5-thiazole oxindoles32.This article focuses on various synthetic methods and suggested mechanism of different indole and oxindole derivatives.Apart from this, applications of medicinal importance of these heteroatom compounds have also been discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - The Relationship between Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies and Defense Mechanisms with Borderline Personality Disorder
Soheila Nohi Jafar HasaniThe main characteristics of borderline personality disorder are extremely instable and widespread emotions, distorted self-image and interpersonal relationships, as well as remarkable irritability. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between MoreThe main characteristics of borderline personality disorder are extremely instable and widespread emotions, distorted self-image and interpersonal relationships, as well as remarkable irritability. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between cognitive emotional regulation strategies and defense mechanisms with the symptoms of borderline personality disorder among non-clinical population. In order to conduct this study, 396 students were selected through convenience sampling method and evaluated in terms of cognitive emotional regulation strategies, borderline disorder symptoms, and use of defense mechanisms. Stepwise regression analysis of obtained data revealed that subjects struggling with borderline personality disorder do not use mature defense mechanisms. Additionally, cognitive emotional regulation score is able to predict the extent of impulsivity in borderline personality disorder. Also, catastrophizing from the unadaptable strategies; defense mechanism of reaction formation with component of stress related dissociative and paranoid symptoms from the neurotic defensive mechanisms; defensive mechanism of transition to action, fantasy, and passive aggression from the immature defense mechanisms are related to borderline disorder. The results of the findings show that lack of cognitive emotional dysregulation and maladaptive defensive mechanisms appear to be the core of borderline personality disorder. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Comparing resiliency, social competence and defense mechanism styles in women with and without ovarian cysts
Mojghan Sepahmansoor Marziye ModaresiThe present study aimed to compare the resiliency, social competence and defense mechanism styles in women with and without ovarian cysts is done. For this purpose, in a causative comparative study, 140 women, aged 18 to 38, who were admitted to Kasra hospital in Tehran MoreThe present study aimed to compare the resiliency, social competence and defense mechanism styles in women with and without ovarian cysts is done. For this purpose, in a causative comparative study, 140 women, aged 18 to 38, who were admitted to Kasra hospital in Tehran with a diagnosis of ovarian cysts and lack of ovarian cysts, were selected through purposive sampling method and evaluated in terms of resiliency, defense mechanism styles and social competence. The result of multivariate analysis of variance demonstrated that there is significant difference between resilience scores in the two groups and that women without ovarian cysts have higher scores than women with ovarian cysts for resiliency. Furthermore, the results determined that among the defense mechanism styles, only for immature defense mechanisms scores there are significant differences between the two groups; women with ovarian cysts use these mechanisms more often than women without ovarian cysts. Additionally, in regards to social support scale, women with ovarian cysts received lower scores that show women without ovarian cysts receive more social support compared to women with ovarian cysts. The results indicate higher prevalence of psychological problems among women with ovarian cysts. It seems that training based on strengthening the resiliency and increasing levels of social competence in women can have preventive values. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Investigating the Effect of Changing Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation on the Scratch Degradation of Ti-6Al-4V
M.R. Tavighi A. Rabieifar O. Ashkani A. Asaadi ZahraeiIn this research, plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) was prepared at duty voltage of 350 and 450 V and processing time of 5 and 10 minutes on Ti-6Al-4V alloy in Na2SiO3 + KOH electrolyte. Then, the adhesion strength and microstructural degradation of the coating surfac MoreIn this research, plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) was prepared at duty voltage of 350 and 450 V and processing time of 5 and 10 minutes on Ti-6Al-4V alloy in Na2SiO3 + KOH electrolyte. Then, the adhesion strength and microstructural degradation of the coating surface were investigated through a constant load scratch test, field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The results showed that while increasing the processing time and duty voltage, the density of porosity and the amount of rutile on the coating surface increased. Meanwhile, microstructure degradations like delamination, gross spallation, and buckling spallation decreased due to increased adhesion strength. This resulted from an increase in voltage and processing time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Comparison of Tribological Behavior of Single-Layer and Multilayer Electroless Nickel-Phosphorus Coatings in the Presence of Al2O3 and SiC Reinforcing Particles
A.I. Abduljaleel Al Rabeeah M. Razazi BoroujeniDue to their morphology, chemical composition, and phase structure, electroless nickel-phosphorus coatings are used on various substrates, including st37 steel, with the aim of improving working life in various industries. The latest generation of these coatings is the MoreDue to their morphology, chemical composition, and phase structure, electroless nickel-phosphorus coatings are used on various substrates, including st37 steel, with the aim of improving working life in various industries. The latest generation of these coatings is the multilayer or hybrid type of nickel-phosphorus electroless coatings. In this research, for the first time, a three-layer Ni-P/Ni-P-Al2O3/Ni-P-SiC coating was produced and its tribological properties were investigated. X-ray diffraction test, energy beam spectrometer, optical and electron microscope images, hardness measurement, roughness measurement, adhesion test (according to ASTM B571 standard), and pin-on-disk wear (according to ASTM-G99 standard) were used for characterization. In the X-ray diffraction pattern related to the multilayer coating, in addition to the amorphous nickel-phosphorus phase, SiC and Al2O3 phases were also seen. The hardness of multilayer coating was 126 Vickers more than that of single-layer coating. The adhesion of all the coatings was very good, so after performing the bending test, no galling was observed in the coatings. In general, it was found that the use of multi-layer coating compared to single-layer coating (with the same thickness) leads to increased hardness, better adhesion, and superior wear behavior. The wear mechanism of the coatings was also evaluated with the help of electron microscope images and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The wear mechanism of the electroless nickel-phosphorus coating was delamination and Abrasive, while the hybrid coating changed the mechanism to adhesive by creating a gradient of mechanical properties and lubrication. Manuscript profile
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