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Open Access Article
1 - Investigating the antibacterial effects of methanolic extract of Myristica fragrans against broad-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Streptococcus pyogenes isolates
Elham Nikouie اشرف کریمی نیکThe increasing development of antibiotic resistance of bacteria has provided the basis for replacing antimicrobial agents with plant origin and with less side effects. This research is a type of laboratory study that was conducted with the aim of determining the antibac MoreThe increasing development of antibiotic resistance of bacteria has provided the basis for replacing antimicrobial agents with plant origin and with less side effects. This research is a type of laboratory study that was conducted with the aim of determining the antibacterial effect of Myristica fragrans on Streptococcus isolates beta lactamase producing antibiotics. The methanol extract of the plant was prepared by maceration method. The extract was filtered with Whatman No.1 paper and concentrated by rotary evaporator system. Different concentrations of 80, 40, 20, 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625 of the extract were prepared in DMSO: Methanol (1:1v/v) solvent. Identification of beta-lactamase producing isolates was done by phenotypic method with cefotaxime antibiotic discs and cefotaxime / clavulanic acid combined disc. Antibacterial activity against 40 isolates of beta-lactamase-producing isolates was investigated by agar wells diffusion method. After incubation for 24 hours at 37°C, the sensitivity of bacteria was determined by measuring the diameter of the growth inhibition zone. Based on the results, out of 40 Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria, 50% of isolates were beta-lactamase producers, respectively. All isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes showed sensitivity to Myristica fragrans extract, and the average of minimum growth inhibition concentration to beta-lactamase-producing Streptococcus pyogenes was 10 mg/ml. Due to increasing antibiotic resistance, it seems that Myristica fragrans extract can be used against beta-lactam-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes strains in controlling infections, and in this regard, isolation and identification of the effective substances of the plant extract it is suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Improving optical absorptivity of natural dyes for fabrication of efficient dye-sensitized solar cells
Reza Hemmatzadeh Ahmad Mohammadi -
Open Access Article
3 - Design and fabrication of runaway probe for studying the behavior of runaway electrons in IR-T1 Tokamak
Taher Afsari Mahmood Ghoranneviss Sakineh Meshkani Mohammad Reza Ghanbari -
Open Access Article
4 - Application of poloidal beta and plasma internal inductance in determination of input power time of Damavand tokamak
Ehsanallah Noori Yahya Sadeghi Mahmood Ghoranneviss -
Open Access Article
5 - Extraction of a Mathematical Capital Asset Pricing Model within the Framework of Mental Accounting
Mohammadreza Ola Hashem Nikoomaram Azita Jahanshad Zahra PourzamaniOrdinary investors do not look to their portfolio as a whole. These investors consider their portfolio as a set of mental arithmetic. In mental accounting, the conventional issue of maximizing the expected return is faced with the constraint of maximum likelihood to fai MoreOrdinary investors do not look to their portfolio as a whole. These investors consider their portfolio as a set of mental arithmetic. In mental accounting, the conventional issue of maximizing the expected return is faced with the constraint of maximum likelihood to fail in achieving the return threshold. The present study extracts the capital asset pricing model from Markowitz Mean-Variance Portfolio Model and risk-free asset entering the limitations of this model. Then, MA-CAPM model is extracted by creating a mathematical equivalence between the components of this model and the limitation of mental accounting. In this model, expected investment return for any purpose presented in the form of mental arithmetic is a function of the return on risk-free asset, beta and risk premium of mental arithmetic where the risk premium of mental arithmetic equals the difference between returns of each account and risk-free return on assets. Expected rate of return on assets in the MA-CAPM will be influenced by return threshold and likelihood to fail in reaching this threshold, i.e. mental arithmetic risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - A Comparision Between Explanatory Power of CAMP and D-CAPM in Predicting Expected Stock Return
افسانه توانگر مهدی KhMost of the academic studies identified β factor as a risk-based measure of stock return volatility and used Capital Assets Pricing Model (CAPM) to measure portfolio risk and estimate expected return. Over the last few years, the semi-variance of stock return devel MoreMost of the academic studies identified β factor as a risk-based measure of stock return volatility and used Capital Assets Pricing Model (CAPM) to measure portfolio risk and estimate expected return. Over the last few years, the semi-variance of stock return developed proposing the downside β as an alternative measure of risk. Based on Downside CAPM (D-CAPM), we investigated the capability of the CAPM and D-CAPM to estimate required returns on equity in Tehran Stock Exchange as an emerging market and focused on comparing the ability of β factor to explain the cross-section of returns relative to that of alternative risk variable as downside β. Considering information of stock return of 138 firms from 2005 to 2009, we established a hypothesis as: “The D-CAPM has more explanatory power to predict the expected stock return volatility rather than CAPM.” Through studying the relationship between stock returns and beta and d-beta, stable and direct significant correlation of d-beta and stock returns clarify the importance of d-beta and D-CAPM in measuring the risk and expected return rather than beta and CAPM. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Evaluation of factors affecting price earnings ratio of listed companies in Tehran Stock
سیدعلیقلی روشن ابوالفضل آرین سید حسن حسینی کامبیز نوابی زند علی دریکندهPrice to earnings ratio is widely used by investors and for investors has a majorrole in investment decisions. Hence having a scientific understanding of the price toearnings ratio and ability to identify factors affecting has great importance. Based onprevious empirica MorePrice to earnings ratio is widely used by investors and for investors has a majorrole in investment decisions. Hence having a scientific understanding of the price toearnings ratio and ability to identify factors affecting has great importance. Based onprevious empirical studies and findings about factors affecting price earnings ratio andalso according to the Gordon basic model, the major factors is selected. Independentvariable of research includes the growth rate of dividends, the coefficient of dividendspayments and systematic risk (beta). The sample includes 41 companies from thecompanies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange between 84 to 88 years. This study usespanel data and multiple regression analysis and Tested the hypothesis by E-viewssoftware. The results showed that the growth rate of dividends and the coefficient ofdividends payments have a positive impact on P/E ratio and beta with negative impacton the P/E ratio. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The study of popularity theory in Iran's financial market and its relationship with stock returns and stock returns volatilities in Tehran Stock Exchange
S. Alireza Mirarab baygi Hashem Mokari Mohsen NazarizadehConsidering the importance of stocks in financial and accounting literatures, and investors’ reactions to company stocks during different periods, the present study investigates popularity theory in Iran's financial market and its relationship with stock returns a MoreConsidering the importance of stocks in financial and accounting literatures, and investors’ reactions to company stocks during different periods, the present study investigates popularity theory in Iran's financial market and its relationship with stock returns and stock return volatilities in Tehran Stock Exchange. A total of 179 companies are analyzed during 2010 to 2015. This is an applied study with post-hoc design. Moreover, it is considered a descriptive - inductive study based on methodology. Linear regression models are applied to examine hypotheses using Eviews8 software. The results show there is a positive and significant relationship between stock popularity and stock returns, stock return volatility and beta coefficients. In other words, stock popularity can increase stock returns, stock volatility, and beta coefficient Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - A comparison of fundamental and historical beta in assessment of systematic risk Evidence from Tehran Security Exchange
Hasan Ghalibaf Asl Sahar Salmalian محمود پاکباز کتجOne of the most important aspects of investing is the risk of that investment. considering systematic and unsystematic risk as total risk, a part of risk that not deleted by diversification is called systematic risk. The purpose of this research is a comparison between MoreOne of the most important aspects of investing is the risk of that investment. considering systematic and unsystematic risk as total risk, a part of risk that not deleted by diversification is called systematic risk. The purpose of this research is a comparison between two criteria of systematic risk assessment, the fundamental beta and historical beta. before that, the effect of financial statements information on the historical beta is investigated. For this purpose, the data of 33 companies that is selected by sifting method were collected during the period 1386-1395 using econometric methods of time series and pooled data. The results show that among the 7 accounting variables tested in this study (financial leverage, operating leverage, liquidity, fluctuation of earnings per share, percentage of dividend, size, and growth), 3 variables, namely, financial leverage, liquidity and size of firm affected The historical beta, and the historical beta, despite easiness in calculation, has a better performance than fundamental beta Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - A Survey of Income Inequalities in Urban and Rural Areas using Beta Lorenz Curve technique
کامبیز هژبر کیانی علیرضا مرادیThe Study of Income Distribution and its Inequality still poses some theoretical and practical challenges to economists. Research Institutes, International publishing organizations and scientific research Papers produced so far, altogether do acknowledge the very import MoreThe Study of Income Distribution and its Inequality still poses some theoretical and practical challenges to economists. Research Institutes, International publishing organizations and scientific research Papers produced so far, altogether do acknowledge the very importance of conducting a genuine study on this topic with a view to casting light on untapped dimension of income distribution and related issues. The political and economic repercussion of income distribution and inequality has given this topic an overwhelming importance in the development of new frontiers in economics in general and political economics in particular. In this study attempts were made to use household budget data published by Iran Statistical Center along with Beta Lorenz curve technique introduced by Teekens (1987). The result has been the extraction of Beta Lorenz curve and Gini Coefficient both for rural and urban areas specified in this paper, over the period of 1378-86[1](Iranian calendar) by Iranian colander system). To focus on income Inequality for certain period of time, the entire period was divided into two sub-period viz. (1376-80) and (1381-86). To compare income inequality, using Bootstrap technique, a pseudo statistical population was constructed. The final results reveal that income distribution measure has improved in the second period (1381-86), both in urban and rural areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Convergence of Per Capita Health Expenditures and Health Outcomes in Countries of the Economic Cooperation Organization
Aziz Rezapour Samira Alipour Vahid Alipour Maryam Soleymani MovahedIntroduction: Economic growth in rich countries tends to slow down naturally, so the growth process will ultimately lead to convergence. The aim of this study is to investigate the convergence of per capita health expenditures and health outcomes in countries of the Eco MoreIntroduction: Economic growth in rich countries tends to slow down naturally, so the growth process will ultimately lead to convergence. The aim of this study is to investigate the convergence of per capita health expenditures and health outcomes in countries of the Economic Cooperation Organization. Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical Study that was done with the economic data of the countries of the Economic Cooperation Organization in 1995 -2014 and using EViews software version 10. Stochastic convergence using Panel Unit-Root test, and also the standard deviation of log per capita health expenditures and health outcomes have been used to evaluate sigma convergence, and beta convergence with estimating the panel data convergence model. Results: Absolute and conditional stochastic convergence in per capita health expenditures were not approved in ECO countries. The coefficient of the absolute beta convergence of per capita health expenditure in ECO countries was 0.29. The conditional beta convergence coefficient was 0.30 in countries with high human development and that was 0.01 in countries with medium human development. The life expectancy Beta convergence coefficient was 0.28 in ECO-countries and 1.16 for the under-five mortality rate. There is no sigma convergence. Conclusion: Based on the results, the non - convergence of per capita health expenditure and health outcomes divergence show an increase in disparity and revealthat poorer countries have improved their health at a much slower rate than their wealthier member in ECO. Therefore, it is necessary that ECO policies be planned and implemented with the aim of reducing regional differences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Health Expenditure Convergence in Iranian Provinces: A Panel Generalized Moment Model
Elham FatholahiIntroduction: The development of the social sector is one of the key goals of the government of any country, especially less developed or developing countries. The importance of health as one of the key aspects of development and economic well-being of individuals and n MoreIntroduction: The development of the social sector is one of the key goals of the government of any country, especially less developed or developing countries. The importance of health as one of the key aspects of development and economic well-being of individuals and nations is increasingly recognized in the world. This can be seen from a series of reforms carried out by countries to increase investment in health in order to achieve the health Millennium Development Goals. The lack of investment in health and measures to address environmental and social determinants of health is a serious limitation to improve health outcomes in these countries. Considering that the convergence of governments in per capita health costs leads to a decrease in inequality or an increase in equality across regions, which will be a major development goal of a nation or governments, this research examines the process of convergence in terms of health costs. It evaluates per capita.Methods: In this research, the convergence of health expenditures per capita in the provinces of Iran is studied using the dynamic panel method. Therefore, for this purpose, the data related to 30 provinces of the country during the years 2007 to 2019 have been used. Due to the separation of Alborz province since 2010, the data related to this province has been calculated with Tehran province. In order to analyze the convergence process of per capita health costs of the provinces, the beta and sigma convergence method and the dynamic panel generalized moment model (Panel GMM) will be used.Results: The results showed that there is absolute and conditional beta convergence in health expenditure per capita in the provinces of Iran. The speed of convergence in government per capita expenditures on health is higher than private per capita expenditures, and this has been effective in the general convergence process of per capita health expenditures in each province. Also, the examination of the distribution of per capita health costs in each province indicates the existence of sigma convergence in the provinces of Iran.Conclusion: Although there is a path for convergence, this analysis has revealed the need to invest more resources in the field of healthcare. In fact, the current levels of investments that have been made in the health of the country are not enough to expand the huge project of the health sector. As the convergence of sigma in relation to private and public spending on each person's health showed, the dispersion of the mentioned components has decreased. This means that the variable that has a lower standard deviation (state health expenditures per capita) has created uniform and homogeneous expenditures in the health sector. Government expenses alone are not responsible for healthcare expenses, and the private sector needs to invest in this matter. In general, the health sector requires more expenses than public revenues. As a result, a problem is observed in the healthcare systems of most countries, and that is the pressure on government revenues. As a result, in terms of recommendations for health policies, diversification of financial resources for this level of health, treatment and health is one of the strategies that should be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The Examination of Economic Value Added Profitability on Evalution of Firms Market Risk in Iran
Farzaneh Heidarpoor Mehdi NayebIn this article, has been tried to study the relation between two important objects in accounting and economic, “Economic Value Added and Market Risk”. Present paper is provided to confirm or declaring this theory that whether there is any relation between E MoreIn this article, has been tried to study the relation between two important objects in accounting and economic, “Economic Value Added and Market Risk”. Present paper is provided to confirm or declaring this theory that whether there is any relation between EVA and β among firms in Tehran Stock Exchange or not. To examine this hypothesis, 65 firms have been selected from the companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during 1380-1384 by using a statistic method, named Cochran. After calculating research's variables (by using financial statements information and investing management software) and by using Pierson correlation analysis method it became clear that there is moderate reverse relation between EVA & β in 1380 and 1382, very weak and reverse in 1381 and very weak and direct in 1383-1384. In other words this research shows that there’s no strong relation between EVA & β in the examined period Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Removal of betamethasone sodium phosphate from wastewater using zinc oxide nanoparticles
M. Giahi H. Taghavi S. Habibi Habibi R. Sariri -
Open Access Article
15 - Determination of the significance of beta-hydroxy butyrate, non esterified fatty acids and some other serum biochemical parameters as predictors of left displacement of abomasum in cattle
نوید Basiri SH Safi ایرج Norouzian عباس Rahimi ForoushaniLeft displacement of abomasum (LDA) is one of the major metabolic diseases in dairy cattlewhich cause a large economic loss in dairy industry. Thus, predicting the occurrence of LDA,especially in early weeks post parturition is very important. In the present study, 14 b MoreLeft displacement of abomasum (LDA) is one of the major metabolic diseases in dairy cattlewhich cause a large economic loss in dairy industry. Thus, predicting the occurrence of LDA,especially in early weeks post parturition is very important. In the present study, 14 biochemicalparameters of cows with LDA before and after parturition were compared to those of healthycows (control group) using logistic regression statistical model. Changes in six parameters,including beta-hydroxy butyrate (BHB), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), aspartateaminotransferase (AST), calcium, sodium and potassium were significant (p<0.05) between thegroups and were included in the prediction model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Study of the correlation between blood BHBA level and concentrate intake in calves
محسن Davoudabady آریا Badie A.R Shaghayegh فرهاد Moosakhani ابوالفضل ZareiCarbohydrates are the main source of energy in ruminants. As a result of microbial fermentationof carbohydrates in the rumen, volatile fatty acids are produced (Acetic acid, Butyric acid,Propionic acid) which are absorbed from the ruminal wall and supply up to 75% of th MoreCarbohydrates are the main source of energy in ruminants. As a result of microbial fermentationof carbohydrates in the rumen, volatile fatty acids are produced (Acetic acid, Butyric acid,Propionic acid) which are absorbed from the ruminal wall and supply up to 75% of the requiredenergy of the animal.This study was performed on 42 Holstein calves (24 males and 18 females). Blood samples weretaken weekly to evaluate blood BHBA levels. Other data about these calves such as body weight(BW) and the concentrate intake level per week was recorded at the same time. All collecteddata were analyzed by using standard software (SPSS 15.0 for Windows, SPSS, Chicago,Illinois, USA). Values of P<0.05 were considered to indicate a statistically significantdifference. Repeated measures analysis of variance showed a statistically significant differencebetween mean beta-hydroxybutyric acid levels in male and female calves in the period of thestudy. In logistic regression model, if beta-hydroxybutyric acid level is considered as adependent variable and body weight and concentrate intake level are considered as independentvariables, a statistically significant correlation is seen between these three variables as shownbelow:BHBA = 0.016 + (0.00003 × Concentrate Intake level) + (0.002 × BW)According to the results of this study, it is cleared that concentrate intake level has a significantcorrelation with BHBA levels and BHBA level has a positive direct effect on maturation ofruminal epithelium and papillae. By increasing of concentrate intake levels and blood BHBAlevels, maturation of ruminal epithelium and weaning of the calf occurs earlier. In calves thathad diarrhea or suffer from any other illness, blood BHBA levels were decreased as a result oflower level of concentrate intake. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Comparison of Serumic Concentration of Vitamin A and Beta-Carotene in the Serum Positive Against Peste des Petits Ruminant and Healthy Dams
, A. Ganjkhanloo , A. Hassanpour , Sh AgajaniPeste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an economically important viral disease between sheep and goats that is endemic in Iran. This study was performed to Comparison of Serumic Concentration of Vitamin A and Beta-Carotene in the Serum Positive Against Peste des Petits Rum MorePeste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an economically important viral disease between sheep and goats that is endemic in Iran. This study was performed to Comparison of Serumic Concentration of Vitamin A and Beta-Carotene in the Serum Positive Against Peste des Petits Ruminant and Healthy Dams in sheep and goats in healthy animals in Khodabandeh area in summer of 2018.During this study, 200 samples were collected from Jugular veins of sheep (150) and goats (50) which were not vaccinated against PPR disease and after serum isolation the samples were analyzed using competitive ELISA kit (ID.vet French). Seroprevalence of PPR in sheepwas 108 cases (72%) and in goats was 36 cases (72%). Seropositive animals were placed in the sick group (144 animals) and Seronegative animals were placed in the healthy group (56 animals). Then Serum levels of Vitamin A and Beta-Carotene measured in all serum samples by hexane method. The mean and standard deviation of vitamin A and Beta-Carotene in serum was 27/6 ± 4/1 mg/dl and 19/5 ± 3/2 mg/dl in diseased group and 58/9 ± 3/2 mg/dl and 19/8 ± 2/1 mg/dl in healthy group, Respectively. Serum level of vitamin A was significantly different between healthy and diseased animals (p<0.05), but Beta-Carotene serum level was not significantly different. The final result is that given the low levels of vitamin A in animals infected with the disease, in areas where the disease is contagious, it can be administered injectable form to provide this vitamin and strengthen the immune system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Study of the effect of nerolidol on Alzheimer's disease in Wistar rats
پیمان Taheri پریچهره Yaghmaei زهرا Hajebrahimi کاظم ParivarAlzheimer's disease is the most important cause of dementia in human societies and the elderly population. One of the most important symptoms of this disease is amyloid plaques in the hippocampus. Inflammation and oxidative stress play an important role in the developme MoreAlzheimer's disease is the most important cause of dementia in human societies and the elderly population. One of the most important symptoms of this disease is amyloid plaques in the hippocampus. Inflammation and oxidative stress play an important role in the development of Alzheimer's disease. Nerolidol is one of the many metabolites of plants and has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nerolidol on beta amyloid-induced model of Alzheimer's in rats. 48 male Wistar rats randomly divided into 8 groups including control, sham, streptozotocin induced model of Alzheimer's, Alzheimer's and drug solvent, Alzheimer's and treatment with donepezil, Alzheimer's and treatment with nrolidol dose 50, Alzheimer's and treatment with nrolidol dose 100 and protection groups (pre-treatment with nerolidol before Alzheimer's induction). Rats weight, catalase activity, and amount of amyloid plaque were measured. Histological studies were performed by fluorescent staining. Streptozotocin increased amyloid plaques, and decreased rat's weight and catalase activity. Donepezil and nerolidol, especially at doses of 100 and in the protective group, reduced the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease through weight gain, increased catalase activity, and decreased amyloid plaques. These findings show that nerolidol can be effective in improving Alzheimer's disease and its damage, and may possibly be effective in preventing Alzheimer's in people with a family history of Alzheimer's. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Evaluation of metallo-betalactamase and carbapenemase activity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain isolated from clinical samples in Tehran
سمیه Mashayekhy فاطمه Noorbakhsh سحر Honarmand JahromiPseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen and a major cause of nosocomial infections. Metallobetalactamases and carbapenemases are the most important factors in resistance to carbapenem drugs in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. The aim of this study was to eval MorePseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen and a major cause of nosocomial infections. Metallobetalactamases and carbapenemases are the most important factors in resistance to carbapenem drugs in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of metallobetalactamase and carbapenemase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical specimens. 49 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients admitted to the intensive care unit were identified by biochemical methods, then their antibiotic susceptibility was determined by Kirby- Bauer method. MBL producing strains were identified by phenotypic method combined disk test and KPC- producing strains were evaluated by MHT method. PCR method was also used to identify strains carrying VIM, SIM, GIM, SPM and IMP genes. Antibiotic resistance to ticarcillin, meropenem, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, cefpime and ceftazidime were 89.8%, 51%, 44.9%, 67.4%, 93.9%, 95.9%, respectively. By phenotypic analysis combined disk test, 55.1% of the strains were identified as metallo-betalactamase producing strains. Also, 38.8% of carbapenemase producing strains were observed by MHT method. The frequencies of each of these gene’s VIM, SIM and GIM were 63.3%, 38.8%, 34.7%, respectively, and SPM and IMP genes were not observed in any of the strains in this study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Optimization of Spray Drying Process to Produce Microencapsulated Powders of Functional Extract Obtained from Red-Beet
Sh. YousefiIntroduction: Spray drying is one of the most important ways to prevent waste of strategic food products and their shelf life extension.Optimization of operating conditions involved in this system can be a suitable background to produce products with ideal physicochemic MoreIntroduction: Spray drying is one of the most important ways to prevent waste of strategic food products and their shelf life extension.Optimization of operating conditions involved in this system can be a suitable background to produce products with ideal physicochemical quality. Materials and Methods: The effect of three operating parameters including inlet air temperature (IAT, 130-160°C), air flow rate (AFR, 2-4 m3/h) and feed flow rate (FFR, 4-10 mL/min) was investigated to attain the microencapsulated powders of red-beet extract containing functional pigment of betalain using RSM. The yield of produced powders, content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of reconstituted extract were optimized. Results: The quadratic equations with high correlation coefficients (0.960-0.994) can well predict the optimal conditions to achieve the highest physicochemical efficiency. An increase in IAT and AFR had a significant effect on the decrease of the level of phenolic and antioxidant components of the obtained powders, while this trend led to an increase in the yield. The antioxidant and phenolic content of microencapsulated powders with low yield at higher FFRs are well maintained. The analysis of microscopy observations and particle size also confirmed the results clearly. The findings showed that the maximum physical yield (75%), phenolics content (1238.72 µg gallic acid/mL), and free-radical inhibition percentage (78.77%) can be obtained under the optimum conditions of 136.0°C IAT, 3.6 m3/h AFR, and 8.8 mL/min FFR. Conclusion: Production of high-quality powders microencapsulating red-beet extract under the optimal conditions might be a beginning to develop fortification of food products with the obtained powders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Growth Pattern and β-Carotene Production of Dunaliella salina Cells in Different Salinities
S.A. Hashemi F. Pajoum Shariati H. Delavari Amrei A. HeydarinasabIntroduction: Dunaliella salina is a green unicellular eukaryote microalga which has no cell wall in its cell structure. In the normal condition of growth it has green color but under stress situation such as high salinity, high light intensity and nutrient deficiency. MoreIntroduction: Dunaliella salina is a green unicellular eukaryote microalga which has no cell wall in its cell structure. In the normal condition of growth it has green color but under stress situation such as high salinity, high light intensity and nutrient deficiency. it turns to yellow. In this state, the cells produce a high amount of the second metabolite such as beta-carotene, glycerol, etc. to maintain their viability. These second metabolites have a high economic value with many applications in the food industry (natural colorant), pharmaceutical industry (pro-vitamin A) and use as additives to food and feed. Nowadays with the significant increase in the world population, it seems necessary to exploit the new alternative sources for energy and food requirement. Microalgae with their unique specifications could be an excellent choice. Materials and Methods: In this study, the optimum NaCl concentration for the growth of Dunaliella salina which was purified from Urmia Lake was investigated. Dunaliella salina cells were cultivated under 10000 lx white light intensity within modified Johnson medium. Furthermore, the amount of beta-carotene accumulated within microalgae cells due to 11 steps of 0.5 M salt stresses was measured. Results: The optimum salt concentration related to the maximum biomass production was recorded in 1 M salinity. The highest amount of beta-carotene was 36.64 µg per ml of cell culture medium in 3.5 M salt concentration. Although beta-carotene content has a descending procedure by salt addition, these amounts were considerable till 6.5 M salinity of the culture medium. Conclusion: The culture condition can approach to the natural condition by application of salt in jection in small concentration. In this condition, a significant amount of beta-carotene can be accumulated within the Dunaliella salina cells. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Combined Encapsulation of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Beta-Carotene Using Casein-Carrageenan and Estimation of their Durability during Storage and in Simulated Gastric Acid Situation
A. Poursefollah D. Zare M. MirzaeiIntroduction: Bifidobacterium bifidum is a beneficial probiotic usually utilized as supplement in food and food products. Beta-carotene is also a food supplement with antioxidant activity. These compounds are usually susceptible and have short durability, therefore, mic MoreIntroduction: Bifidobacterium bifidum is a beneficial probiotic usually utilized as supplement in food and food products. Beta-carotene is also a food supplement with antioxidant activity. These compounds are usually susceptible and have short durability, therefore, microencapsulation improves the sustainability. In the present study, the effect of encapsulation using “freeze drying” method was investigated on survivability of Bifidobacterium bifidum and stability of beta-carotene. Materials and Methods: Emulsified beta-carotene in a solution of sodium caseinate and carrageenan were prepared and mixed with a dense suspension of Bifidobacterium bifidum. The solutions were then dehydrated with a freeze dryer device. The viability of bacterium and durability of beta-carotene in encapsulated samples were compared with non-encapsulated samples at the day zero and during storage at 4 and 25 °C for one month and also in simulated gastric acid situation. Results: The results showed that encapsulation could increase the viability of encapsulated Bifidobacterium bifidum and durability of beta-carotene. The presence of beta-carotene in encapsulated samples significantly (P˂0.05) increased the survivability of encapsulated bacterium during storage. Microencapsulation had also a significant positive impact (P˂ 0.05) on the survivability of bacterium in simulated gastric conditions. Conclusion: Microencapsulation of bifidobacterium bifidum and beta-carotene using casein and carrageenan could improve the survivability of bacterium and stability of beta-carotene during storage and in simulated gastric acid situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Investigating the Changes in β-Carotene concentrations of Carrot and Sweet Corn Using Different Methods of Heat Treatments
M. Yahyaei A. Ghavami M. Gharachorloo K. Larijani S. Z. Mazhari -
Open Access Article
24 - Evaluation of Alginate/Collagen Edible Coatings with Betanin and Cumin to Improve the Shelf Life of Lighvan Cheese
F. Ahmadimaram T. Mostaghim Sh. Shahriari -
Open Access Article
25 - Development of Traditional Date Cookie Formulation Using Pumpkin Puree
S. Kia S. H. Hosseini Ghaboos -
Open Access Article
26 - Modeling of Beta Diversity along a Gradient of Disturbance and Environmental Factors in Hyrcanian Forests - Kheyrud Kenar, Nowshahr
malihe erfani Afshin Danehkar Abdolrassoul Salmanmahiny Vahid EtemadIntroduction: Knowledge of distribution patterns and maintenance mechanisms of biodiversity along environmental and disturbance gradients is essential to develop biodiversity conservation strategies. In this study, modeling of beta diversity construct was performed at K MoreIntroduction: Knowledge of distribution patterns and maintenance mechanisms of biodiversity along environmental and disturbance gradients is essential to develop biodiversity conservation strategies. In this study, modeling of beta diversity construct was performed at Kheyrud forests of Noshahr.Material and Methods: Modeling of beta diversity was conducted using 7 indicators for disturbance construct, 4 indicators for environmental heterogeneity, 10 indicators for soil, and 5 indicators for land cover and crown percent construct. All species of vascular plants at 100 plots and 6 homogeneous zones were recorded along disturbance gradients in cluster sampling. Beta diversity indices were calculated for each cluster and with other indicators of constructs were entered in structural equation modeling.Results: Results showed that the remaining indicators in the model were able to explain the variation in beta diversity (R2= 0.761). The predictive relevance of the model for the beta diversity construct was very large (Q2= 0.422).Discussion and Conclusions: The most important disturbance indicators were area accessibility, number of management plans for harvest, reverse of the years since last harvest, number of grazing days per year and livestock density per hectare, respectively. Effective soil indicators for beta diversity were soil organic matter content, nitrogen and percentage of calcium carbonate of the soil, effective bulk density and soil potassium levels, respectively. Canopy cover and litter cover had negative influence on beta diversity. Environmental heterogeneity had a significant moderator role in reduction of disturbance influence on beta diversity. Because of the scale of disturbance and environmental heterogeneity, beta diversity is useful for comparing communities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Enhancement of Tripod-Beta Model to Analyze Accidents based on Human Factors Engineering (Case Study: Esfahan’s Mobarakeh Steel Company)
Hanieh Nikoomaram Hossein Modaresifar Javad Kiani Mohsen ShanoofiBackground and Objective: Industrial and occupational accidents mostly have adverse consequences. Analyzing the accidents to identify how and why they happened has been one of the key subjects in safety engineering. Tripod-Beta model is one of the most widely-used model MoreBackground and Objective: Industrial and occupational accidents mostly have adverse consequences. Analyzing the accidents to identify how and why they happened has been one of the key subjects in safety engineering. Tripod-Beta model is one of the most widely-used models for accidents investigation, which step by step identifies the causes of accidents occurrence. However, the role of human factors, as one of the most important causes of accidents, has not noticeably been addressed in this model. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to enhance Tripod-Beta model based on human factors engineering. Material and Methodology: In this research, Tripod-Beta model has been enhanced applying TRACEr in a way that the improved model is able to identify and analyze the human errors involved in accidents occurrence in terms of four elements: external error modes, internal error modes, psychological error mechanisms and performance shaping factors. The new model was then applied to investigate some of the accidents happened in Esfahan’s Mobarakeh Steel Company. Findings: In the enhanced model, two tables of “external-based human error” including 5 preconditions and 11 underlying causes, and “internal-based human error” including 7 preconditions and 11 underlying causes have been added to the primary model. Also, one group named “human factors” has been incorporated into the basic risk factors of the old model. Discussion and Conclusion: Considering the applicability of the new model to investigate the selected accidents, the meaningfulness of the results of the accidents analyses, and also the capability of the model in identifying the accidents causes related to human factors, this can be inferred that the enhanced model has the appropriate validity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - A Comparison of Explanation Power of Karhart And HXZ Model at Basic Form and by Using Conditional Dual-Beta
Hossein Aboutalebi Mohsen Dastgir Gholamreza Soleimani AmiriRate of stock return is the minimum rate that an investor should earn to get a sufficient return. There are various criterion to assess companies and investors expected return that using by investors and creditors. The purpose of this study is to comparison explanatory MoreRate of stock return is the minimum rate that an investor should earn to get a sufficient return. There are various criterion to assess companies and investors expected return that using by investors and creditors. The purpose of this study is to comparison explanatory power of assessing stock rate of return models in Iran during 1391 to 1395 at seasonal basis. At this study Eviews software was used for statistics and data was combinatorial. Results shows that using dual conditional beta increase Carhart model explanatory power and therefore it is a better model for decision makers. Also at the basic format, HXZ model has better explanatory power than Carhart model and it is more useful for investment decision making. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - The Impact of Excess Cash Holding on Liquidity Risk by Using Liu’s Theoretical framework
Seyedeh Neda Habibzadeh sina kherdyar Seyed Mozaffar Mirbargkar Mehdi Meshki MiavaghiThe aim of the current research is to study the impact of excess cash holding on liquidity risk regarding to the stock trading indexes, and based on management and investment approach of liu (2006) theoretical framework that respectively includes twelve-month liquidity MoreThe aim of the current research is to study the impact of excess cash holding on liquidity risk regarding to the stock trading indexes, and based on management and investment approach of liu (2006) theoretical framework that respectively includes twelve-month liquidity risk and beta liquidity risk. In this research, multiple regression and ordinary least square method have been used for testing hypotheses. The research sample includes the 130 companies which listed in Tehran stock exchange, and the period of study includes seven years from the 2011 to 2017. Results show that excess cash holding has significant and negative impact on twelve-month and beta liquidity risk, which the impact of excess cash holding on twelve-month liquidity risk is more than beta liquidity risk. Moreover, regarding to the stock trading indexes, excess cash holding leads to reducing liquidity risks, which the level of decreases in beta liquidity risk is more than twelve-month liquidity risk. Overall, holding excess cash by companies due to reducing liquidity risks, however, regarding to the stock trading indexes, the results show more decrease in beta liquidity risk based on investment approach, therefore, this study can deeply represent excess cash holding reduce the market liquidity effect on the liquidity risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Investigating the relation between Balloon Analogue Risk Task and financial risk aversion; evidence from Tehran Stock Exchange
Saeed Eslami Bidgoli Ali SetayeshiThis Study Introduces psychometric and psychological tools and their application in assessing individual decisions. In the following, the ability of the BART, Balloon Analogue Risk Task, in predicting the financial risk-taking level is measured. To support this claim, a MoreThis Study Introduces psychometric and psychological tools and their application in assessing individual decisions. In the following, the ability of the BART, Balloon Analogue Risk Task, in predicting the financial risk-taking level is measured. To support this claim, active investors in Tehran Stock Exchange has taken the BART test and their risk-taking level is measured by the test variables. Accordingly, the activity of these tested examiners will be observed during the next year in the Tehran Stock Exchange. Assuming the Beta stability, the participants' portfolio Beta will be the indicators of their financial risk-taking and their investment decisions.The outcome of the Study shows a meaningful relationship between the gained scores of the BART test as a general risk-taking indicator and the examiners' portfolio Beta as a risk-taking indicator. These results show that we can rely on this test (BART) as a tool to predict the investors' behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Macroeconomics variables and corporate events effect on systematic risk according to jump beta
Ali Askarinejad Amiri Mohammad E. FadaeiNejad GholamHossein AssadiWe suppose jump beta and continuous beta as two indexes of systematic risk, then studying macroeconomics variables and corporate events effects on them. The results shows that macroeconomics variables effect on continuous beta is greater than its effect on jump beta. Wh MoreWe suppose jump beta and continuous beta as two indexes of systematic risk, then studying macroeconomics variables and corporate events effects on them. The results shows that macroeconomics variables effect on continuous beta is greater than its effect on jump beta. While inflation rate has no sensible effect on both betas, growth rate increase causes increase in both and exchange rate increase causes decrease in both betas. The decrease is for times greater in jump beta. According to event study, two or three weeks before capital increase, considerable decrease in jump beta and a week before capital increase, sensible increase in continuous beta are seen. As observed about profit announcement event, news of positive adjustments reach sooner to market than negative adjustments. Positive adjustment cause a little increase in continuous beta, three or four weeks before event and negative adjustment cause considerable decrease in continuous beta around event, while profit announcement has no effect on jump beta. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - The relationships between market beta with macroeconomic variables and accounting information
Ali Rahmani Kambiz Peikarjoo Mansoureh AziziAn empirical analysis is carried out establishing the existent relationship among the stock market (Beta) and (a) macroeconomic and (b) accounting informations. Regression analysis, using static and dynamic panel data estimations, is applied to a sample of 61 listed Ira MoreAn empirical analysis is carried out establishing the existent relationship among the stock market (Beta) and (a) macroeconomic and (b) accounting informations. Regression analysis, using static and dynamic panel data estimations, is applied to a sample of 61 listed Iranian firms, between 2001and 2010. Systematic risk is estimated through OLS, EGARCH and M-GARCH models and use TEDPIX index (Tehran Stock Exchange Dividend & Price "total return" Index) as market portfolio. The results show a connection between the systematic risk and the independent variables. The best models are found when we estimate the systematic risk using EGARCH model and applying a combination of macroeconomic and accounting variables. The most important variables explaining the systematic risk are Size (SZ), Growth Rate (GR) and Debt Ratio (DR) from accounting variables and Gross Domestic Product (GDPI),inflation (Change in CPI index), Legal interest rate (LINT), Oil price (Oilprice) and Exchange rate (EXCR). The results vary using different models and might be different if we use a different sample. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Fama and French Three-factor Model and Liquidity Risk: Evidence from Tehran Stock Exchange Market
Gholamreza Islami Bidgoli Azam HonardoostOne of the main criteria for deciding on stock exchange market is stock return. Stock return includes information content and most actual and potential investors in financial analysis and forecasts use it. Many studies have been conducted about the relationship between MoreOne of the main criteria for deciding on stock exchange market is stock return. Stock return includes information content and most actual and potential investors in financial analysis and forecasts use it. Many studies have been conducted about the relationship between risk and return. The three-factor model of Fama and French is one of the most important models. In this paper we consider Fama and French three-factor model augmented by the Pastor and Stambaugh (2003) market liquidity risk factor. Then it is compared with three-factor model of Fama and French. Unlike most previous studies, in this model, stock level beta is allowed to vary with firm-level size and book-to-market ratio. We use monthly time series data for sample companies of Tehran stock exchange market for the period 1380 to 1389, and evaluate them by using Eviews software by panel method. The results show the effects of excess market return, firm size and book-to-market ratio is significant and the effect of market liquidity factor is insignificant. Also the market beta is only a function of size variable. Finally we find that market liquidity factor of Pastor and Stambaugh and the time variation in the market beta increase the explanatory power of Fama and French three-factor model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Proposing and solving a multi-objective index tracking portfolio model considering beta, risk and tracking error of the portfolio
Amir Abbas Najafi Saba KhorasaniThere are two strategies in investment management; active and passive. One of the passive strategies is to construct an index tracking portfolio. In the classical models of index tracking portfolio, the goal is to minimize tracking error. However, it may cause to miss p MoreThere are two strategies in investment management; active and passive. One of the passive strategies is to construct an index tracking portfolio. In the classical models of index tracking portfolio, the goal is to minimize tracking error. However, it may cause to miss portfolio’s beta and unsystematic risk. Considering BETA in index tracking for same behavior with index and control systematic risk which relates to index and non-systematic risk of tracking portfolio will help to minimizing total risk and to close expectation to facts .In this study we propose a multi-objective model to consider portfolio’s beta and unsystematic risk as well as tracking error and studied the simultaneous effect of effective elements (BETA and risk) on index tracking portfolio and comparing suggested function with traditional function and classic portfolio. Goal programming is applied to deal with the multi-objective model and Genetic algorithm is used to solve the model. The proposed model is tested on real-data of Tehran Stock Exchange. The obtained results show the efficiency of the model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Risk-Return Tradeoff: Evidence of Capital Assets Pricing Model
Roohollah Farhadi Ali Saghafi Mohammad Taghi TaghavifardIn this research, return and risk tradeoff examined using standard form of Capital Assets Pricing Model (CAPM) in Tehran Securities Exchange (TSE). Using a methodology related to the field of Ex post facto studies in financial researches, OLS and Quantile regression mod MoreIn this research, return and risk tradeoff examined using standard form of Capital Assets Pricing Model (CAPM) in Tehran Securities Exchange (TSE). Using a methodology related to the field of Ex post facto studies in financial researches, OLS and Quantile regression model was used for test of CAPM. Results of running (linear and Quantile) two stage regression show that beta as systematic risk proxy cannot explain excess returns difference. Results show also unique risk can explain excess returns, although relation of unique risk and excess return is variant in different quartile of returns. As a conclusion, it can be stated that at least using of TSE Index as proxy of market portfolio, CAPM model does not explain stock prices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Style Investing and Return Predictability
Maryam Davallou Hamidreza FartokzadehThis research investigates cross section individual stock return predictability by style return in Tehran Stock Exchange. Test of stock return predictability is performed based on Fama and Mac-Beth regression model using data from 1380 to 1389. Also for profound analysi MoreThis research investigates cross section individual stock return predictability by style return in Tehran Stock Exchange. Test of stock return predictability is performed based on Fama and Mac-Beth regression model using data from 1380 to 1389. Also for profound analysis, the relation between co-movement of stock return with its style return and momentum is examined. So, Portfolio analysis approach based on dual sorting is used for the latter test. The outcomes of this research confirm future cross-section stock return predictability by style-based return over twelve month formation period. The results indicate that co-movement of stock return with its style return generates variation in momentum profit. This finding is restricted to twelve month formation period and one month future return horizon and is not observed over longer horizon future return. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Investigating the relationship between Default risk of banks and risk-return of their stocks in Tehran Stock Exchange
Abdolmajid Dehghan Mohsen Farhadi sharif Abad Alireza FahimiThis paper examines the relationship between the Default risk of banks operating in the Tehran Stock Exchange and the risk-return of their stocks. In order to measure the Default risk the ratio of doubtful debt to total loans is used. Data is collected in the peri MoreThis paper examines the relationship between the Default risk of banks operating in the Tehran Stock Exchange and the risk-return of their stocks. In order to measure the Default risk the ratio of doubtful debt to total loans is used. Data is collected in the period of 2008 to 2014 and includes 16 banks and Default institutions under the supervision of the Iranian Central Bank, whose stocks are traded in Tehran Stock Exchange. In order to calculate the risk of banks, the two measures of traditional beta and downside beta was used on which the impact of Default risk is assessed. The results indicate that the Default risk of banks has a significant negative impact on stock returns of banks in Tehran Stock Exchange has. It was also demonstrated that there is positive relationship between the bank Default risk and the both variables of risk (traditional and Downside beta). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - The Frequency of of class 1, 2, and 3 Integrons and Extended- spectrum Beta-Lactamase Genes of bla-CTX-M‚ bla-SHV‚ and bla-TEM in Gram-negative Bacilli Isolated from Bandar Abbas Pediatric Hospital, Iran-2016
Mahshid Vahdani Nooshin Khandan D. َAfsaneh KarmostajiBackground and Objective:Gram-negative bacilli are important hospital pathogens with an increasing prevalence of broad-spectrum beta-lactamase genes and integrons. Therefore, identification of these antibiotic resistance genes is essential to prevent the spread of resis MoreBackground and Objective:Gram-negative bacilli are important hospital pathogens with an increasing prevalence of broad-spectrum beta-lactamase genes and integrons. Therefore, identification of these antibiotic resistance genes is essential to prevent the spread of resistant strains.The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons and bla-CTX-M, bla-SHV and bla-TEM broad-spectrum beta-lactamases genes in Gram-negative bacilli isolated from Bandar Abbas Pediatric Hospital. Materials and Methods: Sixty Gram-negative bacilli strains were isolated from clinical specimens and identified by biochemical tests and their antibiotic resistance patterns were determined by Disk Diffusion method. Multiplex PCR was used for detection of class 1, 2 and 3 integronsand PCR wasperformed to identify the bla-CTX-M, bla-SHV and bla-TEM family’s genes, respectively. Results:The most frequent strains belonged to Escherichia coli 70% and the highest resistance and sensitivity were Sulfomethoxazole 68% and Gentamicin 75% respectively.Of the 60 strains isolated, 61.7% and 26.7% had Class I and 2 integron genes, respectively, whereas no class 3 integron gene was detected in any of the isolates. PCR results showed that blaCTX-M, blaSHV and blaTEM family genes were 66.7%, 10% and 31. 7% strains, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, there was a significant correlation (p < 0.05) between the presence of class 1 and 2 integrons, bla-CTX-M, bla-SHV and bla-TEMand antibiotic resistance. Therefore, determination of antibiotic resistance genes and the use of appropriate therapeutic methods based on antibiogram pattern determination of the strains are also suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Application of Acidic Ionic Liquid as a Solvent/Catalyst for Preparation of α-Oximinoketones from β-Dicarbonyl Compounds
Ashraf S. Shahvelayati Khadijeh Yadollahzadeh Fatemeh Sameni -
Open Access Article
40 - The Impact of Individual Sentiment Beta on Stock Return of Companies Listed on Tehran Stock Exchange
amir hossein sharifmehr karim Azarbaijani Arezoo Aghaei chadeganiIndividual stock sentiment is one of the non-fundamental factors that affect the financial markets which is influenced by various factors. Individual stock sentiment beta is a new concept and is defined as the sensitivity of individual stock returns to the individual st MoreIndividual stock sentiment is one of the non-fundamental factors that affect the financial markets which is influenced by various factors. Individual stock sentiment beta is a new concept and is defined as the sensitivity of individual stock returns to the individual stock sentiment changes. Due to the fact that Tehran stock exchange operate at a weak level of effiecency; this research purpuses to investigate the impact of individual sentiment beta on stock excess return and capital asset pricing model (CAPM) alpha in Tehran stock exchange. In this regard research data for top 50 companies of Tehran stock exchange at period from October 2019 to February 2021 which include biggest rise and fall in history of Tehran stock exchange was extracted through Rahavad Novin Software. Then excess return of 50 stock at research period time was calculated by Ami broker software, and finally all of data was analyzed by Eviews software.Finally the results showed that stocks with higher individual sentiment beta have higher excess return and CAPM alpha. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from leaf and flower of Ferula persica Willd.var. Persica By using spectroscopic manner GC and GC-MS
Jafar Izadi NiaAbstract: In this investigation the essential oil from leaf and flower of Ferula persica wild garmsar province semnan obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by spectroscopic manner gas chromatography and gas chromatography coupled whit mass spectroscopy. In the esse MoreAbstract: In this investigation the essential oil from leaf and flower of Ferula persica wild garmsar province semnan obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by spectroscopic manner gas chromatography and gas chromatography coupled whit mass spectroscopy. In the essential oil of leaf 31(%94.4 of total essential oil) compound recognized that %72.3 were monoterpene And %17.3 were Sesquiterpene. a-pinene(%19.7), ß-pinene(%8.3), Menthol(%8.3) and Myrcene(%6.8) were the main component in the essential oil obtained from leaf oil of plant. In the essential oil of flower of plant 12 (%90.2 of total essential oil) compound recognized that %58.8 were monoterpene And %31.4 were Sesquiterpene. a-pinene(%22.6), Bicyclogermacrene(%17), ß-phellandrene(%16.8), Spathulenol(%8.4) and Myrcene(%7.5) were the main component in the essential oil obtained from flower of plant. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Investigation of Surfactant Effect of Span20 and Aliquat336
F. Mirjalili S. Jalal-Zadeh H. Samadi A. Nemati S.A. Manafi -
Open Access Article
43 - Study the Respiratory Burst Of Peripheral Blood Monocytes in the Presence Of Saccharomyces cerevisiae β–Glucan in Patients with Diabetes
Mohammad Hosain Arash Asadirad Azadeh Tofighi Ali ShahnavazInroduction and Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with epidemic potential. Diabetics are faced with complications of metabolic disorders and defects in their immune system. The use of immune system stimulating agents, such as beta-glucan is one of the re MoreInroduction and Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with epidemic potential. Diabetics are faced with complications of metabolic disorders and defects in their immune system. The use of immune system stimulating agents, such as beta-glucan is one of the researcher's interests to reduce the complications of diabetes. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of beta- glucan cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains AT-3 on the respiratory burst of peripheral blood monocytes in patients with diabetes.Material and Methods: Peripheral blood of 53 patients with diabetes and 50 nondiabetic patients with an average of 39 years were sampled from Vali-Asr Hospital of Zanjan. Cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain AT-3 were broken using sonikator. The cell wall was isolated. Beta- glucan was extracted from the wall. Nitro Blue Tetrazolium test was used to evaluate the respiratory burst of monocytes stimulated with beta glucan. Data were analyzed using multi-way ANOVA .Results:The results indicated that the respiratory burst of stimulated monocytes was increased in both men and women. The effect was dose dependent and it was significantly higher in women (pConclusion:Beta- glucan extracted fromSaccharomyces cerevisiae strain AT-3 isa potent immune system activator Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - The effect of two types of exercise (continuous and intermittent) and atrostatin on the expression of PP2Ac and GSK-3β genes in the heart tissue of diabetic rats
Maryam Ebrahimi Habib Asgharpour parvin farzanegi Reza Rezaee ShiraziBackground and Aim: Apart from high blood pressure and coronary artery disease, diabetes can directly affect the structure and function of the heart and lead to a complication called diabetic cardiomyopathy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of two MoreBackground and Aim: Apart from high blood pressure and coronary artery disease, diabetes can directly affect the structure and function of the heart and lead to a complication called diabetic cardiomyopathy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of two types of training and the drug atrostatin on the expression of PP2Ac and GSK-3β genes in the heart tissue of diabetic model rats.Methods and Materials: 64 male rats, which were randomly divided into 8 groups: including 1) control, 2) diabetic, 3) diabetic + persistent, 4) Diabetic + periodic, 5) atherostatin, 6) continuous + atrostatin, 7) periodic + atrostatin and 8) saline. The rats of the exercise groups performed two types of continuous and intermittent exercise 5 days a week for 8 weeks. Atrostatin was injected intraperitoneally daily at a dose of 20 mg per kg body weight.Results: Induction of diabetes led to a decrease in the expression of the PP2Ac gene and an increase in the expression of the GSK-3β gene in the heart tissue, and continuous exercise and the combination of intermittent and continuous exercise with the drug atrostatin led to an increase in PP2Ac and a decrease in GSK-3β in the heart tissue of diabetic rats compared to the diabetic group.Conclusion: It is possible that regular exercise in combination with atrostatin can prevent the development of diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy by increasing the PP2Ac gene and decreasing the GSK-3β gene in the heart tissue which has a protective effect on the heart of diabetic rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - The effect of six weeks aerobic training and cinnamon extract on IL_1β gene expression in fat tissue of obese male feeded by high fat diet.
amin rigi Tahereh Bagherpoor nematallah nematiBackground and Aims: In obese people, the expression level of interleukin 1 beta is higher, so that the expression level of interleukin 1 beta has a direct positive relationship with the level of body mass index and fat mass. The present study aimed to determine the eff MoreBackground and Aims: In obese people, the expression level of interleukin 1 beta is higher, so that the expression level of interleukin 1 beta has a direct positive relationship with the level of body mass index and fat mass. The present study aimed to determine the effects of six weeks of aerobic exercise, consumption of cinnamon extract and high-fat food on the expression of interleukin-1 beta gene in the adipose tissue of male rats fed with a high-fat diet using two-month-old male Wistar rats.Materials and methods: 50 two-month-old male rats were divided into five control groups, high-fat diet, cinnamon extract and high-fat diet, aerobic exercise and high-fat diet, and aerobic exercise and cinnamon extract and high-fat diet after two weeks of keeping under controlled conditions. were divided Cinnamon extract at the rate of 200 mg per kilogram of body weight and emulsion of high-fat food in excess of water and normal rodent food daily at the rate of 1.5 mg per kilogram of body weight were given by gavage for six weeks. became. The exercise group participated in an aerobic exercise program on a treadmill five days a week for six weeks. The mean of the research variables among the groups (except the control group) were compared with one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni tests in order to determine the differences between the groups. The mean of the research variables among each group was compared with the control group with the purpose of determining intra-group differences, with the one-sample t-test at a significance level of p ≥ 0.05.Results: The difference in body weight and fat tissue weight was significant among all groups. The difference between the variable averages of interleukin-1 beta in adipose tissue of male rats fed with high-fat diet after six weeks of aerobic exercise, consumption of cinnamon extract and high-fat food was significant.Conclusion: It seems that the effects of high-fat diet, combination of high-fat diet and aerobic exercise, combination of high-fat diet and cinnamon and combination of high-fat diet and aerobic exercise and cinnamon on interleukin-1 beta variable in adipose tissue are significant and significant. to have Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - اثرات عصاره هیدروالکلی گیاه آنغوزه(Ferula assafoetida) در جیره غذایی بر بیان ژنهای مرتبط با ایمنی(TNF-alpha و IL1B) درماهی گورخری(Daniorerio)
رقیه صفری فاطمه واحدی امیری علی شعبانی سید حسین حسینی فر حامد کلنگی میانده -
Open Access Article
47 - Effect of Dietary Administration of Betaine and Natozim Multi-Enzyme on Growth, Indices and Growth Hormone Gene (GH) in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
mohammad homyoni mohammad reza Imanpour roghieh safariInroduction & Objective: Enzymes and food attractants are the ingredients used to improve the nutritional status of fish in recent years. In this experiment the effect of dietary administration of betaine and Natozim multi-enzyme on growth indices (Weight gain, SGR and MoreInroduction & Objective: Enzymes and food attractants are the ingredients used to improve the nutritional status of fish in recent years. In this experiment the effect of dietary administration of betaine and Natozim multi-enzyme on growth indices (Weight gain, SGR and FCR) and growth hormone gene expression (GH) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were investigated. Materials and Methods: For this purpose 180 fish with average weight of 19.5±0.5 gr, were fed diets supplemented with 3 different levels of 0, 1 and 1.5% in combination with 0, 250 and 500 mg/l for 8 weeks. At the end of feeding trial, growth indices were assessed. RNA extracted from brain, cDNA synthesized using Suprime script RTase kit and Real-time PCR were done using GH primers.Results: Results showed no significant difference growth indices and GH expression gene in fish fed betaine (P>0.05). However, with increasing the amount of Natozim multi-enzyme from 250 to 500 mg in the non-betaine condition, there was a significant increase (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Study on Weed Status in Mashhad Khorshid Park
Omid Torabinia Mohammad Bazoobandi Seyed Hossein Torabi Mohammad Hasan HadizadehTo beautify and improve landscape of Mashhad metropolitan city, weed situation of Khorshid Park was studied. Thirty weed species belonging to 15 plants families formed the relatively diverse weed communities established on plains and hillsides of the park most of which MoreTo beautify and improve landscape of Mashhad metropolitan city, weed situation of Khorshid Park was studied. Thirty weed species belonging to 15 plants families formed the relatively diverse weed communities established on plains and hillsides of the park most of which belonged to Asteraceae, Poaceae and Fabaceae families, respectively. Sixteen of which (53%) were annuals, 37% were perennials and 10% were biennials. the richness of the plain weed community with 26 species was more than hillsides with 20 species. Weed community in hillside weed was highly uniform while uniformity of weed community in plains was less than hillsides showing signs of dominance at the beginning of the season. The Logarithmic distribution model of species showed the habitats are not relatively demolished, The similarity between weed communities of plains and hillsides was less than the similarity between seasonal weed communities of each habitat indicating more adaption of weeds to habitat conditions. The less similarity was obtained between spring weeds of both habitats while the most similarity was observed between summer weed communities. This survey proved that plains are threatened by noxious weed species such as Acroptilon repens L., Cynodon dactylon L., Hordeum murinum L., Bromus tectorum L. and Setaria viridis L. while hillsides menaced by Acroptilon repens L., Alhagi camelorum Fisch., Cirsium arvense and Xanthium strumarium L. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Effects of lifestyle activity modification on insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cells function in obese men with insulin resistance
Mohadeseh Nematollahzadeh mahani Jalil Ghasemian poor -
Open Access Article
50 - Investigating the effect of risk on the return of the insurance industry in the Iranian economy using generalized conditional autoregression models, ARIMA-GARCH / TARCH and beta coefficient
Abedin Saeidikia Dariush Hassanvand Reza Maaboudi Farhad Tarahomi -
Open Access Article
51 - Extraction of trigonelline from plasma using a new magnetic composite through the application of experimental design
mahdieh Abbasi meymand maryam kazemipour mehdi ansari dogahe Mehdi shahidizandiBentonite-β-cyclodextrin-iron nanoparticles (Ben-βCD-INP) composite was synthesized,characterized, and utilized like an innovative magnetic solid-phase extraction ( MSPE) adsorbent to separate and preconcentrate trigonelline . Experiment conditions to find imp MoreBentonite-β-cyclodextrin-iron nanoparticles (Ben-βCD-INP) composite was synthesized,characterized, and utilized like an innovative magnetic solid-phase extraction ( MSPE) adsorbent to separate and preconcentrate trigonelline . Experiment conditions to find important variables of trigonelline adsorption on the Ben-βCD-INP were A: time, B: Adsorbent amount, C: pH and for desorption were A: temperature, B: concentration, C: time, and D: Volume .. The adsorbent contributes significantly in the extraction process. The INP in the nano composite makes it easy to remove the adsorbent with the help of a magnet. Scanning electron microscopy( SEM ), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the synthesized adsorbent. Experimental design was used to optimize the factors affecting extraction. trigonelline in plasma samples was extracted and evaluated by a reversed-phase HPLC–UV method. The findings have shown that MSPE was able to extract trigonelline efficiently. The developed HPLC–UV procedure for the determination of trigonelline in human plasma, showed linear relation shipin the concentration interval of 0.05-10 mg/L (r = 0. 9998) with the limit of detection (LOD), the limit of quantitation (LOQ) and recovery (%) of 0.005, 0.018 mg/L, and 114%, respectively. The procedure was successfully used to determine the concentration of trigonelline in human plasma. This study offers a promising hybrid nano bio material adsorbent in biomedical nanotechnology to selective measurement of the drug or supplements such as trigonelline from plasma. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Investigating the antibacterial effects of methanolic extract of Myristica fragrans against broad-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Staphylococcus aureus isolates
Elham Nikouie Ashraf KariminikThe increasing development of antibiotic resistance of bacteria has provided the basis for replacing antimicrobial agents with plant origin and with less side effects. This research is a type of laboratory study that was conducted with the aim of determining the antibac MoreThe increasing development of antibiotic resistance of bacteria has provided the basis for replacing antimicrobial agents with plant origin and with less side effects. This research is a type of laboratory study that was conducted with the aim of determining the antibacterial effect of Myristica fragrans on staphylococcus isolates beta lactamase producing antibiotics. The methanol extract of the plant was prepared by maceration method. The extract was filtered with Whatman No.1 paper and concentrated by rotary evaporator system. Different concentrations of 200, 100, 80, 40, 20, 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625 of the extract were prepared in DMSO: Methanol (1:1v/v) solvent. Identification of beta-lactamase producing isolates was done by phenotypic method with cefotaxime antibiotic discs and cefotaxime / clavulanic acid combined disc. Antibacterial activity against 40 isolates of beta-lactamase-producing isolates was investigated by agar wells diffusion method. After incubation for 24 hours at 37°C, the sensitivity of bacteria was determined by measuring the diameter of the growth inhibition zone. Based on the results, out of 60 Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, 67% of isolates were beta-lactamase producers, respectively. All isolates of Staphylococcus aureus showed sensitivity to Myristica fragrans extract, and the average of minimum growth inhibition concentration to beta-lactamase-producing Staphylococcus aureus was 10 mg/ml. Due to increasing antibiotic resistance, it seems that Myristica fragrans extract can be used against beta-lactam-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in controlling infections, and in this regard, isolation and identification of the effective substances of the plant extract it is suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - The effect of running on a Complex wheel running on beta-amyloid, blood neprilysin, hepatic expression of LRP1 and PPARγ in Alzheimer's model rats.
Nadia Tajevanchi rasoul asadi hashemkandi رقیه پوزش فرزاد زهساز Karim azaliBackground & Aim: Exercise and physical activity can play an effective role in delaying Alzheimer's. Multiple molecular mechanisms are activated by different physical activities that reduce dementia indices. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of run MoreBackground & Aim: Exercise and physical activity can play an effective role in delaying Alzheimer's. Multiple molecular mechanisms are activated by different physical activities that reduce dementia indices. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of running on a Complex wheel running on beta-amyloid, blood neprilysin, and liver expression of LRP1 and PPARγ in Alzheimer's disease model rats. Materials & Methods: 24 rats were randomly selected and divided into three groups: healthy control, Alzheimer's control group, and Alzheimer's + complex spinning wheel training group. The training group performed 12 weeks of training and the control group was kept in a cage for 12 weeks and did not participate in any training. The rats were trained on a Complex wheel running for 12 weeks, and at the end of the 12th week, the rats were diagnosed with Alzheimer's and shuttle box tests were used to ensure the induction of Alzheimer's disease. In this research, in order to investigate liver changes, the mentioned variables were investigated by ELISA method. In order to analyze the data, one-way analysis of variance test was used. Results: The results showed that there is no significant difference between beta-amyloid and liver LRP1 expression of Alzheimer's control group rats and beta-amyloid and liver LRP1 expression of rats in the Complex wheel running training group. However, there is a significant difference between blood neprilysin of PPARγ rats in the control Alzheimer's group and neprilysin blood and PPARγ of rats in the complex wheel training group. Conclusion: Using physical activity can improve blood neprilysin and PPARγ in rats, but the improvement of beta-amyloid and liver LRP1 expression requires more research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Assessment Effects of Different Level of Amino Acid and Seaweed Extract on Growth Traits and Essence Components of Sweet Scented Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L.)
Shabnam Roshani Hossein Ali Asadi-Gharneh -
Open Access Article
55 - The effect of beta-glucan as a fat substitute on the sensory and physico-chemical properties of low-fat ice cream
Fariba Shibani Simin Asadollahi Mohamadreza Eshaghifat Milk is one of the most important components used in the structure of ice cream. Given that there is a close relationship between high fat intake and the incidence of various diseases, increasing people's awareness about the health benefits of lowering fat intake ha Morefat Milk is one of the most important components used in the structure of ice cream. Given that there is a close relationship between high fat intake and the incidence of various diseases, increasing people's awareness about the health benefits of lowering fat intake has increased. In this study, beta-glucan hydrocolloid was selected as a new and stable source and was used in ice cream formulation. In this study, levels of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 (w / w) of beta-glucan in low fat ice cream formulations on chemical properties (pH) Physical (viscosity, overrun and specific gravity), sensory and microbial were investigated. The results showed that all samples of ice cream mixture were significantly reduced by increasing the viscosity gum concentration, melting resistance and texture adhesion, and tissue hardness, pH, volume and specific gravity. Sensory evaluation also indicated that the sample containing 0.6% beta-glucan had the highest acceptance among evaluators and showed a high near-fat sample compared to other treatments. It should be noted that in this survey, microbial counting was not considered at the studied level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Isolation and molecular identification of yeast cells and their evaluation for producing yeast extract and beta glucan
zohreh ranjbar majid baserisalehiYeast is a unicellular fungus with thick cell wall and nucleus. Nowadays this microorganism considered as important fungi in commercial industry because of their products specially yeast extract and beta glucan. The purpose of this study was isolation and identification MoreYeast is a unicellular fungus with thick cell wall and nucleus. Nowadays this microorganism considered as important fungi in commercial industry because of their products specially yeast extract and beta glucan. The purpose of this study was isolation and identification and screening of yeast cells for production of beta glucan and yeast cells. Yeast cells were isolated from plant and dairy samples and destruction of their cell walls was carried out using acidic condition, kiwi extract and change of osmotic pressure methods. In addition, isolation, purification and verification of beta glucan were done by modified Acid/Alkaline and Callose and Proton nuclear magnetic (H1NMR) methods respectively. The results obtained indicated that yeast cells were isolated from all samples. Two yeast cells based on their sizes and potential of growth were selected for further study. 18SrDNA gene sequencing of isolated strains identified them as Kluyveromyces marxianus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our finding indicated that kiwi extract and change of osmotic pressure were favorable methods (p≤0.05) for production of yeast extract. Furthermore the results of Callose and H1NMR methods verified the production and purification of beta glucan. Hence based on our results production of beta glucan in industry scales is possible in our country Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Antibiotic resistance to beta-lactams in bacteria: Beta- Lactamases
Fatemeh NoorbakhshIntroduction: B- lactam antibiotics is one of the most important antibiotic used worldwide for bacterial infectiouse diseases. By producing beta-lactamase enzymes in bacteria the central ring in beta-lactam antibiotics is hydrolyzed, and antibiotic inactivate and develo MoreIntroduction: B- lactam antibiotics is one of the most important antibiotic used worldwide for bacterial infectiouse diseases. By producing beta-lactamase enzymes in bacteria the central ring in beta-lactam antibiotics is hydrolyzed, and antibiotic inactivate and develop resistance.Aim: In this article, it is discussed.a brief review of various methods of inactivation of beta-lactam antibiotics by bacteria.Method: This review article has been written by studying the articles that have been published in scientific journals regarding the inactivation mechanisms of various beta-lactam antibiotics. Results and Conclusion: Beta-lactam antibiotics, by binding to the penicillin-binding protein present in the bacterial cell membrane, inhibit transpeptidases and break down the peptidoglycan, resulting in the destruction of the cell wall and the death of the bacteria. Beta-lactamase enzymes hydrolyze and inactivate beta-lactam antibiotics before they reach the penicillin-binding protein in the cytoplasmic membrane. So far, more than 140 different types of beta-lactamase have been identified, which are classified based on different criteria and effective on different classes of beta-lactam antibiotics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Phenotypic and molecular detection of AmpC-beta-lactamase in Acintobacter baumannii strains isolated of clinical specimens
Masoumeh Ali Barari Fatemeh Noorbakhsh Sahar Honarmand JahromiBackground and aim: Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that remains persistent in the environment for a long time. The eradication of this bacteria is difficult, since it has the ability to acquire antibiotic resistance. The aims of this study were to MoreBackground and aim: Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that remains persistent in the environment for a long time. The eradication of this bacteria is difficult, since it has the ability to acquire antibiotic resistance. The aims of this study were to identify the ampC Betalactamas genes and antibiotic sensitivity of Acinetobacter baumannii strains.Materials and methods: Sixty three strains of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from wound, blood, and respiratory secretions were isolated and identified by biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing against five antibiotics was performed by disc diffusion method for all isolates. Phenotypic methods combined disc test (CDT), was performed for idenfication AmpC Betalactamase activity in bacteria. The presence of AmpC Betalactamase and ISAba-1 and ISAba-2 genes were evaluated by PCR. Results: Disk difiusion result showed that all of samples were resistance to 5 antibiotics ceftriaxone, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime and cefepime. Combined Disk test result showed that (63%) of samples were strong (30%) weak and (6%) of negative. AmpC betalactamase gene in 90.5% were positive and in 9.5% were negative. All of sampls had ISAba-1 gene (69.2%) had ISAba-2. Conclusion: Current study showed a high percentage of AmpC Betalactamas genes and also high prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Good fit of new models of stock return forecasting using conditional dual beta
Hossein Aboutalebi mohsen dastgir Qplamreza Soleymani AmiriVarious criteria have been introduced to evaluate the expected returns of companies, which are considered by investors and creditors. The purpose of this study is to compare the explanatory power of stock return models of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange us MoreVarious criteria have been introduced to evaluate the expected returns of companies, which are considered by investors and creditors. The purpose of this study is to compare the explanatory power of stock return models of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange using conditional beta. For this purpose, the information of 161 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange from the beginning of 1394 to the end of 1398 was examined and tested. In this study, the explanatory power of 5-factor Fama French, Q-factor HXZ and 4-factor Carhart models was compared using conditional beta. Also, this study is descriptive-correlational in nature and time series regression has been used to estimate the models.The results showed that the explanatory power of the 5-factor model of Fama French using conditional beta is more than the 4-factor models of Carhart and the Q-factor of HXZ. Also, the use of GRS test, whose analysis is mainly based on the width of the origin of regressions, did not show a significant difference between the research models. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Effects of Glycine Betaine and Salicylic Acid Foliar Application on Yield and Yield Components of two Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Cultivars under Rainfed Conditions
Hadi Salek Mearaji Akram HatamiChickpea as one of the most promissing crop under dry farming in Razan, Hamadan where it is often confronted with terminal drought of growing season. Finding strategies to reduce the effects of terminal droughts of chickpea under dryland conditions in this area would be MoreChickpea as one of the most promissing crop under dry farming in Razan, Hamadan where it is often confronted with terminal drought of growing season. Finding strategies to reduce the effects of terminal droughts of chickpea under dryland conditions in this area would be very beneficial. To evaluate the effects of foliar application of glycine betaine (GB) and salicylic acid (SA) on yield and yield components of two chickpea cultivars under rainfed condition, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at Razan town of Hamedan province in 2017- 2018 year. In this experiment, treatments were the use of distilled water as control, three levels of glycine betaine (200, 400 and 600 mM) and three levels of salicylic acid (250, 500 and 750 µM) on two cultivars of chickpea (Hashem and Saral). The results showed that foliar applications of plants with GB and SA resulted in significant effect on all traits under study, except number of seed in pod. The highest of seed yield was observed in Hashem (168.05 g.m2) and Saral (178.55 g.m2) cultivars with foliar application of 600 mM glycine betaine. The treatment of 600 mM of glycine betaine increased seed yield of Hashem and Saral cultivars by 17.6 and 18.5 percents, respectively. There were significant differences between the two cultivars under study. Maximum of number of seed per plant, seed yield, biological yield and harvest index were belonged to Saral cultivar, while plant height, weight of 100 seed and percent of protein seed observed in Hashem cultivur. According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that the application of glycine betaine on yield and yield components of chickpea under rainfed conditions was more effective than using salicylic acid. It can be said that foliar application of chickpea with GB and SA would improve the performance of chickpea cultivars and rainfed conditions. Futher studies are sudgested to substantiate the results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Effects of Seed Hydropriming and Nitrogen and Betaine Foliar Application on Yield Quality and Quantity of Adel Cultivar of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Rainfed Conditions in Lorestan Province
Rasoul Babaeipour Khosro Azizi Hamid Reza Eisvand Mashala Daneshvar Omid Ali AkbarpourThis study was performed in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications on Adel chickpea cultivar during 2017-2018. Seed priming consisted of two levels (non-priming and hydropriming) and spraying nitrogen and glycine betaine MoreThis study was performed in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications on Adel chickpea cultivar during 2017-2018. Seed priming consisted of two levels (non-priming and hydropriming) and spraying nitrogen and glycine betaine with six levels (no spraying, as control, zero concentration (water spray), 3% urea, 100 mM glycine betaine, 200 mM glycine betaine, and glycine betaine 200 mM + urea 3%). Interaction of priming by foliar application on biological and grain yields was significant at 1%probabilitylevel.The highest biological yield (2668kg.ha-1) and grain yield (1301 kg.ha-1) were obtained with combined priming and consumption of 200 mM glycine + 3% urea and the lowest yield was related to non-priming and non-spraying priming. Priming also improved the harvest index, number of seeds per plant, number of pods per plant, 100-seed weight and number of active nodules. The effect of foliar application of plants by glycine betaine and urea on number of grains per pod and grain protein percentage was significant. The highest values of these traits belonged to foliar application of plants by glycine betaine with concentration of 200 mM + 3% urea. Hydropriming significantly increased grain yield, harvest index, grain weight, and number of seeds per plant. Hydropriming also allowed the plant to initiate flowering and pod forming earlier. According to the results of this study, the use of hydropriming treatment and spraying of nitrogen and glycine betaine respectively would be recommended to improve the quality and quantity of rainfed chickpea in Kuhdasht, Lorestan province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - The Effect of Spraying Salicylic Acid and Beta-Aminobutyric Acid on Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics and Yield of Dracocephalum moldavica (L.)
Fatemeh Mahsa Karamoozian Gholam Reza Sharifi Sirchi Mona Salimi Aziz Fouman AjirlouIn order to investigate the effects of foliar spraying of salicylic acid and beta-aminobutyric acid on yield, physiological and biochemical characteristics of Dracocephalum moldavica (L.), during cropping year of 2017-2018, in a experiment based on a randomized complete MoreIn order to investigate the effects of foliar spraying of salicylic acid and beta-aminobutyric acid on yield, physiological and biochemical characteristics of Dracocephalum moldavica (L.), during cropping year of 2017-2018, in a experiment based on a randomized complete block design with 4 replications was carried out in Kerman. Foliar spraying was done one month before harvesting with three concentrations (0, 0.5 and 1 mM). Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, fresh matter yield, dry matter yield, number of lateral branches, yield of total extract and essential oil were measured. Identification of essential oil components was done by using a gas chromatography (GC) which was connected to a mass spectrometer (GC/MS) by comparing the inhibition indices and mass spectrometry study. According to the results, the effect of both elicitors of salicylic acid and beta aminobutyric acid on plant height, number of leaves, fresh matter yield and dry matter yield were significant at 1% level of probability; But, there was no significant difference in stem diameter and number of lateral branches. The interaction effect of both elicitors on plant height and dry matter yield was significant at 5% and 1% probability levels, respectively. While there was no significant difference on other traits under study. Also, the use of both elicitors increased the total extract and essential oil yields. The highest percentage of main compounds in essential oil was affected under the influence of the amount of 1 mM salicylic acid in absence of beta aminobutyric acid, including 36.8% geranyl acetate, 20.5% geraniol, 19.7% geranial, 14.9% neral and neral acetate 2.9%. In general, the use of salicylic acid was found and beta-aminobutyric acid to increase Dracocephalum moldavica (L.) yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Effect of betafin as a feed attractant on growth performance, survival, body composition and resistance to stress of Caspian Roach (Rutilus rutilus)
behruz ghabeliAbstract[1]Effect of dietary betain as a food attractant on growth, survival, body composition and resistance to stress in Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus) were investigated for 8 weeks. 240 individuals of Caspian roach by the weight of 6.23±0.23 g and density of MoreAbstract[1]Effect of dietary betain as a food attractant on growth, survival, body composition and resistance to stress in Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus) were investigated for 8 weeks. 240 individuals of Caspian roach by the weight of 6.23±0.23 g and density of 20/tank fed in fiberglass tanks. Four treatments of different levels of betain including 0 (control), 0. 5, 1.0 and 1.5 percent added to diet (contained 41.13% protein and 8.42% fat). At the end of the study, growth and feeding factors including final weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, survival rate, body composition and resistance to environmental stressors including thermal (40 oC), alkalinity (pH=12), acidity (pH=2) and salinity stress (150 g/lit) were assessed. According to the results, there were no significant differences in growth, feeding parameters and survival rate between fish fed control and betain supplementation diets (P>0.05). No significance difference was observed in lipid and ash carcass (P>0.05), but the highest of carcass protein was obtained in 1% betain (P<0.05). The longest surviving time against thermal stress (P>0.05) and acidity stress (P<0.05) were due to 1% of betain and highest rate in salinity stress was due to control (P<0.05) and highest survival rate after alkalinity stress was due to 0.5% betafin (P<0.05). Totally considering no significant differences in most parameters betain is not recommended to improve the growth, surviving and resistance to stress in roach juveniles. * Corresponding Authors; Email: b.ghabeli@yahoo.com Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Effect of ultrasound waves pretreatment on quantity and antioxidant capacity of extracted beta-carotene from carrot residue
رویا Seyedifar نارملا Asefi یحیی MaghsoudlouNowadays, the tendency towards the extraction of phytochemicals by ultrasound method has been increased. In this research, the effect of ultrasound waves pretreatment on extraction of beta-carotene from carrot residue was studied. Carrot residues were treated with ultra MoreNowadays, the tendency towards the extraction of phytochemicals by ultrasound method has been increased. In this research, the effect of ultrasound waves pretreatment on extraction of beta-carotene from carrot residue was studied. Carrot residues were treated with ultrasound waves with 205 W power, constant 35 KHz frequency during six stages of 0 (without ultrasound), 16, 20, 30, 40 and 44 min and at temperatures of 66, 70, 80, 90 and 94 ºC and using ethyl acetate as solvents. Then, the extract from each sample was evaluated considering the amount of total phenolic components as well as beta-carotene and antioxidant capacity of beta-carotene. According to the results, it was observed that, there was a significant difference (P<0.01) between samples in the case of beta-carotene amount with increasing of temperature and time. In order to achieve the highest extraction of carotene from carrot residues, the temperature of 90 ˚C and 40 minutes was determined as the best temperature and time. The results also revealed that at low temperatures the antioxidant capacity was higher. With increasing time of ultrasonic at low temperatures, the antioxidant capacity was enhanced. Moreover, the temperature of 70 ˚C and 40 min was determined as the optimum condition to achieve the highest antioxidant capacity of carrot residues. The result showed that the total phenolic compounds are greater at low temperature compared with high temperature. Besides, at all selected temperatures, with the increasing of ultrasonic duration the amount of total phenolics increased. Most phenols obtained at 66˚C for 40 min of ultrasonic treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Comparison of serum beta-carotene and vitamin A levels in sheep of Khalkhal region in open and closed breeding system
esmaiil Amani Firoozabad Ali Hassanpour amir ganj khanloo Abdollah DolatabadiRetinol or vitamin A is an essential fat-soluble vitamin. Because of the particular role of vitamin A in different tissues and organs, various clinical signs are seen during its deficiency. In addition, in cases of marginal deficiency without clinical signs performance MoreRetinol or vitamin A is an essential fat-soluble vitamin. Because of the particular role of vitamin A in different tissues and organs, various clinical signs are seen during its deficiency. In addition, in cases of marginal deficiency without clinical signs performance defects, such as infertility are seen. This study was conducted to determine the serumic amounts of beta-carotene and vitamin A of sheep in Khalkhal city. During the summer of 2018; 200 blood samples (100 males and 100 females) were collected from jugular veins of sheep. Spectrophotometry was used for determination of vitamin A and β-carotene levels. The mean±SEM concentration of β-carotene and vitamin A of serum in the open breeding system were 19/5±9/3 (µg/dl) and 57/6±13/1 (µg/dl) respectively, and also in the closed breeding system these values were 19/2±9/6 (µg/dl) and 26/9±7/9 (µg/dl) respectively. The difference between vitamin A in the two groups was significant (p < /em>=0.000), but beta-carotene was not. There was no significant difference in levels of vitamin A and beta-carotene of serum in the four age groups and between the two sexes. In conclusion, the role of age, sex and nutrition in the serumic amounts of these compounds is significantly varied and laboratory results should be interpreted more cautiously. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Evaluation of some diagnostic indices of subclinical pregnancy toxemia in Lori-Bakhtiari ewes
Nahid Changalvaie Arash Kheradmand Alireza Rocky Shahram MalekiPregnancy toxemia is known as an important metabolic disorder in pregnant ewes, which often causes damage to the animal husbandry industry in the final months of pregnancy by increasing the number of casualties or reducing the productivity of ewes. This study was perfor MorePregnancy toxemia is known as an important metabolic disorder in pregnant ewes, which often causes damage to the animal husbandry industry in the final months of pregnancy by increasing the number of casualties or reducing the productivity of ewes. This study was performed to investigate the relationship between subclinical pregnancy toxemia and litter size in Lori-Bakhtiari ewes and the relationship between BHBA (Beta-hydroxybutyric acid), glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in non-pregnant and pregnant (singleton and twins) ewes. Jugular vein blood samples were obtained from 103 Lori-Bakhtiari ewes including 30 non-pregnant ewes (control group) and 73 pregnant ewes in their fifth month of pregnancy (68 singleton and 5 twins). Concentration of BHBA, glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol in serum samples were measured using commercial kits and photometry. There was no significant difference regarding BHBA and cholesterol between the three studied groups. There was a significant difference in serum glucose concentration between the control group with singleton pregnant and twin pregnant groups (p<0.05). Triglyceride concentration in twin pregnant group was significantly higher than the other two groups (p<0.05). Pearson's test in twin pregnant ewes indicated a significant negative correlation between BHBA and glucose (p<0.001 and r=-0.402); While there was no significant relationship between BHBA and triglyceride, and BHBA and cholesterol in twin pregnant group. The results of the present study showed that BHBA, glucose and triglyceride are reliable indicators for subclinical pregnancy toxemia detection in the last month of pregnancy of Lori-Bakhtiari ewes; however, measurement of cholesterol is not useful in this regard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Investigation of the occurrence of pregnancy toxemia in the sheep of Sofian area of Tabriz
Ali Hassanpour Gh Moghaddam بهرام Amoughli Tabrizi حمید Mirzaie کریم Hajipour SofianiThis study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of pregnancy toxemia in the sheep of Sofian area. In this study 134 blood samples were collected randomly from pregnant ewes before and after parturition, and the mean serum concentration of glucose, betahydroxybuty MoreThis study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of pregnancy toxemia in the sheep of Sofian area. In this study 134 blood samples were collected randomly from pregnant ewes before and after parturition, and the mean serum concentration of glucose, betahydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), urea and calcium were measured. The mean ± SD of BHBA concentration in prepartum and postpartum periods was 0.46± 0.15 and 0.4± 0.11 mmol/l respectively. There was significant difference between these two periods (P<0.05). The mean ± SD of blood glucose concentration before and after parturation was 51.6± 16.04 and 62.18 ± 15.12 mg/dl respectively with a significant difference between the two periods (P<0.05). There was significant negative correlation between BHBA and serum glucose in prepartum and postpartum periods (r=- 0.59 and r=-0.55) (P<0.01). The mean level of BUN in prepartum period was greater than postpartum period but this difference was not significant. The mean ± SD of serum calcium concentration at prepartum and postpartum periods was 12.59 ± 2.72 and 10.06 ± 0.77 mg/dl respectively with a significant difference between these two periods (P<0.01) but there was no correlation between glucose and calcium concentrations in serum. In this study blood samples were collected randomly from ewes at different ages but there was no correlation between disease occurrence and the age of ewes. Thus considering the results this study it is concluded that pregnant ewes are predisposed to subclinical pregnancy toxemia which is economically important both in pregnant ewes and lambs born from them and preventive measures must be employed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Study of the levels of beta hydroxy butyrate, glucose, protein and albumin in Holstein cows with subclinical ketosis
بهرام Amouoghli Tabrizi شهابالدین Safi سیامک Asri Rezaee مهدی Abdie NojamehrThe objective of this study was to comparatively evaluate the levels of beta hydroxy butyrate (BHB), glucose, protein and albumin in serum of healthy Holstein cows and those with subclinical ketosis. In this survey, blood samples were collected at two stages from cow MoreThe objective of this study was to comparatively evaluate the levels of beta hydroxy butyrate (BHB), glucose, protein and albumin in serum of healthy Holstein cows and those with subclinical ketosis. In this survey, blood samples were collected at two stages from cows selected at 7 dairy farms in Shahriar province of Tehran. Five to 7 ml of blood were taken from the coccygeal vein of 100 cows during the last week of pregnancy when the animals were dry and once again 2 months after parturition from the same cows, their sera separated and the amounts of BHB, glucose, protein and albumin determined by enzymatic techniques and commercially available kits. With the cut point of BHB at 1.2, 1.4 and 1.7 mmol/lit, the percentage of cows affected with subclinical ketosis were 18, 14 and 4 percent, respectively. Mean levels of BHB in ketotic cows was significantly higher than healthy cows before and after parturition while mean levels of glucose, protein and albumin was significantly lower during the same periods (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Effect of supplementing ascorbic acid, vitamin E and betaine on the performance, immune response and blood parameters in broiler
S.M MotamediIn order to investigate the effects of vitamins C and E and betaine on performance, immune response and blood parameters of broiler chickens, an experiment was conducted with completely randomized block design consisting of 6 treatments and 5 replicates with 30 chicks i MoreIn order to investigate the effects of vitamins C and E and betaine on performance, immune response and blood parameters of broiler chickens, an experiment was conducted with completely randomized block design consisting of 6 treatments and 5 replicates with 30 chicks in each replicate. The groups were assigned to receive the treatment diets as follows: diet with no feed additive (control); diet supplemented with vitamin C; diet supplemented with vitamin E; diet supplemented with betaine; diet supplemented with vitamin E and betaine; diet supplemented with vitamin E, vitamin C and betaine. Body weight, feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality were determined over the course of the experiment. At 35 days of age, two birds per replicate were randomly selected and 2 ml blood sample was collected to measure plasma concentration of T3 and T4 hormones. IgM and IgG antibody response to SRBC were also determined at 28 days of age. Body weight, FI and FCR were not affected by different treatments over the course of the study. Broilers fed diet supplemented with vitamin C, vitamin E and betaine showed the highest survival percentage and production index as compared with the other treatments. But it was not significantly different with the control group. IgM and IgG antibody response to SRBC, hematocrit percentage and plasma concentration of T3 and T4 also were not affected by different dietary treatments. The results of this experiment showed that there were no significant differences among the treatments in the performance, immune response and blood parameters of broiler chicken. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - The effect of –hydroxybutyrate and estradiol on the process of phagocytosis of ovine neutrophils in vitro
Ali Rezapour جعفر Majidi مرتضی Tahmouzy The object of this study was to evaluate the independent effect different concentration of beta-hydroxybutyrate (2.4 & 4.8 mmol/ml) and estradiol (20&400 pg/ml) on the functions phagocytosis and Nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test or respira More The object of this study was to evaluate the independent effect different concentration of beta-hydroxybutyrate (2.4 & 4.8 mmol/ml) and estradiol (20&400 pg/ml) on the functions phagocytosis and Nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test or respiratory burst of isolated ovine neutrophils in vitro. Isolated neutrophils of sheep were incubated for one hour in room temperature with the previously treatments. The study consisted of 7 treatments in 5 replicates and both phagocytosis and NBT tests of tests were performed in every treatment. The Results of this study indicated that 2.4 & 4.8 mmol/ml concentrations of beta-hydroxybutyrate and estrodiol concentrations of 20 & 400 pg/ml significantly (p<0.01) reduced the percentage of phagocytosis and NBT reduction test of sheep neutrophils and this could be the reason for the suppression of the immune system in peripartureint sheep. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Determination of beta-carotene and vitamin A contents of serum and liver of sheep slaughtered in Ahvaz abattoir during different seasons of the year
نگار Hedayat علیرضا Ghadrdan Mashhadi علی Shahriari مهدی ZareiBecause of the particular role of vitamin A in different tissues and organs, various clinical signs are seen in its deficiency. Additionally, marginal deficiency of vitamin A without the presence of clinical signs leads to performance defects such as infertility. In thi MoreBecause of the particular role of vitamin A in different tissues and organs, various clinical signs are seen in its deficiency. Additionally, marginal deficiency of vitamin A without the presence of clinical signs leads to performance defects such as infertility. In this study, the seasonal changes of β-carotene and vitamin A of serum and liver of slaughtered sheep in Ahvaz abattoir were investigated. A total of 360 sheep were sampled from October 2013 to June 2014. Spectrophotometry was used for measuring values. The results were analyzed statistically with student t-test. The mean ±SE concentration of β-carotene and vitamin A of serum and liver were 209/9±1/5, 98±0/9 (µg/dl), 19/8±0/4, 32/3±0/8(µg/g), respectively. Although there wasn't significant difference in levels of the measured parameters in two age groups(sheep only with immature teeth and sheep with a minimum mature tooth) but there was a significant difference in vitamin A of serum and liver in the two sexes. The serumic levels of vitamin A in male sheep was more than the females while the concentration of vitamin A in the liver of female sheep was more than the males. The difference between seasons in vitamin A of serum was also statistically different with higher concentrations observed in warm seasons in comparison to milder seasons. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Effects of food restriction on serum concentration of glucose, triacylglycerol, beta-hydroxy butyrate, non-esterified fatty acids and urea in pregnant ewes
علی Rezapour مهدی Taghinezhad GH.R AssadnasabFood restriction is a potential unwanted risk for a developing fetus in pregnant ewe. The objective of this study was to study the effects of food restriction on serum concentration of glucose, triacylglycerol, non-esterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate and urea i MoreFood restriction is a potential unwanted risk for a developing fetus in pregnant ewe. The objective of this study was to study the effects of food restriction on serum concentration of glucose, triacylglycerol, non-esterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate and urea in the last 8 weeks of pregnancy in Ghezel sheep (Azerbaijan native). We used Split-plot in time design and the overall sample was 14 Ghezel ewes. After a primary preparation period and using flashing diet, oesterus cycle was synchronized in an out of breeding season with sheep CIDR. Pregnancy induction was carried out through natural mating. Primary sampling (P0) was done 4 weeks after mating and then the ewes were divided and assigned to two groups: Control (T2) and food restriction group (T1). In different stages of pregnancy (P1 – P3) sampling was performed and the above mentioned parameters were measured. We used 16.5-27.5% food restriction. Our results surprisingly showed that food restriction had no statistically significant effect on serum glucose and triacylglycerol concentration, but it had a statistically significant effect on serum beta-hydroxy butyrate, non-esterified fatty acids and urea concentration (p<0.05). Food restriction resulted in mild to moderate ketosis in some individual animals. We conclude that food-restricted pregnant ewes following initial flashing diet at the beginning of pregnancy could maintain their glucose homeostasis and end her pregnancy period by using fat reserves and gluconeogenesis. Only one ewe aborted during food restriction in the end stage of pregnancy and others tolerated the situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - The effect of yeast beta-glucan on respiratory brust of heterophils in broiler chickens
علی Kargary Rezapour مهسا Ali-Hossein Maslak, سجاد Soleimany افشین ZakeriThe use of food additives to boost the immune system of broiler chickens is a new froutier for scientists. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was conducted to study the effects of the yeast beta-glucan on respiratory burst potential (nitro-blue MoreThe use of food additives to boost the immune system of broiler chickens is a new froutier for scientists. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was conducted to study the effects of the yeast beta-glucan on respiratory burst potential (nitro-blue tetrazolium test) of heterophils as an indicator of innate immunity in broiler chickens. This was done by using 162 one-day old broilers. Experimental factors were as following: beta-glucan levels (levels of 0, 0.04 and 0.08% of basal diet) and sex (male and female broilers). At the end of the study blood sample were taken from each replicate of every treatment and nitro-blue tetrazolium reduction test performed. The results showed that beta-glucan in a level of 0.04% of basal diet significantly increased nitro-blue tetrazolium reduction test of heterophils (p<0.05). The mean value of respiratory burst was also significantly higher in males compared to females (p<0.05). But, the interaction between two mentioned factors (beta-glucan and sex) was not statistically significant. Thus, considering the respiratory burst index, beta-glucan in a level of 0.04% of basal diet may improve innate immunity of broiler chickens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - The effect of yeast β-glucan on the amount of albumin, globulin, urea and total protein of broiler chickens
ali kargarirezapour somayye ghobadi afshin zakeri Glucans derived from yeast cell wall are promising alternatives to antibiotics, as they have been shown to improve growth performance and stimulate the immune system of immature broilers. In this study we evaluated the effect of different levels of yeast be More Glucans derived from yeast cell wall are promising alternatives to antibiotics, as they have been shown to improve growth performance and stimulate the immune system of immature broilers. In this study we evaluated the effect of different levels of yeast beta-glucan (YBG) on some blood parametrs of broiler chickens. In a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (the first factor: YBG levels: 0, 0.04 and 0.08% of basal diet and sex as a second factor) 144 day old chicks (72 male and 72 female) were selected and allocated to different treatments (three replicates of each treatment). The overall experimental period was 34 days. At the end of study, two birds from each pen were randomly selected as a sample. The level of albumin, globulin, urea and total protein was measured on blood samples. Statistical analysis of the results showed that the YBG had no significant effect on albumin, globulin, urea and total protein level. But the amount of plasma albumin and total protein in female chicks was significantly higher than male chicks (p<0.05). The interaction effect of the two factors was not significant. Therefore, it can be concluded that the mentioned levels of yeast beta-glucan had no significant effect on the studied parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Effect of sodium bicarbonate and beta-alanine supplementation on anaerobic capacity and blood lactate level of female futsal players
Mandana Gholami Marzieh Hafezi eirdmousa sahar ghasem shoar Hossein abednatanziThe main aim of this study was to determine the effect of sodium bicarbonate and beta-alanine supplementation on anaerobic capacity and blood lactate levels of female futsal players. Method: 40 volunteer female futsal players of the Tehran League were selected based on MoreThe main aim of this study was to determine the effect of sodium bicarbonate and beta-alanine supplementation on anaerobic capacity and blood lactate levels of female futsal players. Method: 40 volunteer female futsal players of the Tehran League were selected based on the variables of entering the research and sampling and randomly selected four of the 40 volunteers and randomly divided into four control groups (n=10), sodium bicarbonate (n=10), beta-alanine (n=10) and sodium bicarbonate and beta-alanine (n=10) were divided. The anthropometric characteristics of their height, weight and body mass index were measured before the test. Then the Wingate test was performed to measure power and their blood lactate level was also measured using a lactometer. After each test session, the bicarbonate group received 0.3 grams of sodium bicarbonate supplement per kilogram of body weight, the beta-alanine group received 0.3 grams of beta-alanine supplement per kilogram of body weight, and the combined group also received per kilogram The combination of beta-alanine and sodium bicarbonate was used for 0.3 grams of body weight, and the control group used 0.3 grams of placebo (starch) per kilogram of body weight, and after 90 minutes, the relevant tests were performed again. Also, the subjects' diet was controlled during the test. Finally, descriptive statistics, Shapiro-Wilk test, one-way analysis of variance test and Tukey's post hoc test were used for statistical analysis of the data using spss/21 software at a significance level of p≤0.05. The results showed that the supplement of sodium bicarbonate and beta-alanine has a significant effect on the average power and blood lactate level of female futsal players. According to the results of the research, it is suggested that coaches and players use sodium bicarbonate and beta-alanine supplements to increase strength and reduce the negative effects of lactic acid. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - The effects of soil salinity in three regions on growth and biochemical parameters of Halocnemum strobilaceum (Case study: southeastern edge of Urmia Lake)
Nader Ahadi Latifeh pourakbarSoil salinity is on the increase around the world and it is considered as one of the most important challenges for the agricultural practices in world. Research has shown that saline soils limit the plant growth. Halocnemum strobilaceum plant belongs to the family of Ch MoreSoil salinity is on the increase around the world and it is considered as one of the most important challenges for the agricultural practices in world. Research has shown that saline soils limit the plant growth. Halocnemum strobilaceum plant belongs to the family of Chenopodiaceae and is a halophyte. The drying of Urmia Lake has led to the growth of this plant in saline soils of the region. This study was to investigate the effect of soil salinity on growth factors and osmolytes of H.strobilaceum plant in three regions (Chipgloo, Tapeh Chahar Borj, and Sahra Jen) southeastern edge of Urmia Lake. Soil and plant samples were analyzed for evaluation of growth parameters and physiological indices. The results indicated that Tapeh Chahar Bborj with silt-loamy texture had the minimum salinity (3.5 dS/m) and Sahra Jen region with sandy-loamy soil had the maximum salinity (17/43 dS/m). Also, results showed that the length, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids significantly decreased with increasing salinity while the Malondi aldehyde and proline and glycine betaine increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Determination of drought tolerance clones in Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) by investigating the activity of antioxidant enzymes
Mehdi Rahimi Mojtaba Kordrostami Mojtaba Mortezavi Sanam Safaei-ChaeikarIn order to investigate the activity of antioxidant enzymes of 14 tea clones under normal and drought stress conditions, two separate experiments were carried out in a randomized complete block design with two replications in 2017 at Fashalem Tea Research Station in Ras MoreIn order to investigate the activity of antioxidant enzymes of 14 tea clones under normal and drought stress conditions, two separate experiments were carried out in a randomized complete block design with two replications in 2017 at Fashalem Tea Research Station in Rasht. Irrigation in both designs was carried out routinely until July 22 followed by a drought stress treatment for one plot until August 22 when tea leaves were harvested. Tea leaves from each plot of the both experiments were then removed and transferred to a freezer at -80 °C. The activity of the antioxidant such as ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, phenylalanine ammoniaase, lipid peroxidase, malondialdehyde, β-carotene, and lycopene were measured. The results showed that drought stress increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Based on the results obtained from the mean comparisons, clones 100, 399 and Bazri, had the highest activity for ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, phenylalanine ammoniaase, and lipid peroxidase under drought stress conditions. On the other hand, these clones had the lowest contents of malondialdehyde. Clones 278 and 276 on the other hand, had the least values of antioxidant enzymes under drought stress conditions (except malondialdehyde) and were considered as sensitive clones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Effect of different concentrations of beta-cyclodextrin nanoparticles on growth indexes and enzymatic defense systems, Ion leakage and amount of membrane lipid peroxidation in basil medicinal plant (Ocimum basilicum L. c.v. keshkeni luvelou)
azadeh loni Sara Saadatmand Hossein Lari Yazdi Alireza IranbakhshBy nanotechnology entrance into the field of medicinal plants, the agricultural industry and food industry ensures an increase in the amount and quality of their products, along with the preservation of the environment. The properties of materials are changed by changin MoreBy nanotechnology entrance into the field of medicinal plants, the agricultural industry and food industry ensures an increase in the amount and quality of their products, along with the preservation of the environment. The properties of materials are changed by changing their size to nano. The use of beta-cyclodextrin nanoparticles is described as a new protection strategy of the plant and induces a plant defense response. For this purpose, to study the effect of beta-cyclodextrin nanoparticles on the physiologic indexes and biochemical activities in basil of keshkeni luvelou cultivar, an experiment was performed based on a completely randomized design with four replications at four levels of 0.10, 50, 100mg/l in the greenhouse. The results showed that different growth indices such as root and stem length and diameter, fresh and dry weight of roots, shoots, and leaf area increased by 5% compared to the control and the highest increase was reported at 50ppm. Data analysis showed that the effect of different treatments on the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase, peroxidase enzymes, malondialdehyde content, and ion leakage of roots and leaves were significantly increased (P≤5%) compared to the control. Membrane stability index was assessed by measuring the electrolyte leakage of leaves and roots. A significant reduction (P≤5%) of ion leakage and malondialdehyde of roots and leaves was observed in the treatment of 50mg/l nano-beta cyclodextrin which indicates an increase in enzyme activity. With the entrance of nanoparticles into agriculture can minimize the scope of chemical control and disruption of environmental physiological practices. The trend of changes in physiological and biochemical parameters studied in the present study are relatively reliable indicators to introduce the best concentration of beta-cyclodextrin nanoparticles for basil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - The effect of nano potassium fertilizer, potassium sulfate and salicylic acid on physiological characteristics of Calendula officinalis L. under water stress
Somayeh Erfani Mohammadali Rezaei Farhad Farahvash Mehrali MahmoudjanloAbstract: Lack of water is one of the limiting factors for growth, and oxidative stress is a secondary stress resulting from drought and dehydration. In order to study the levels of potassium nanoclat fertilizers, potassium sulfate and salicylic acid in reducing water e MoreAbstract: Lack of water is one of the limiting factors for growth, and oxidative stress is a secondary stress resulting from drought and dehydration. In order to study the levels of potassium nanoclat fertilizers, potassium sulfate and salicylic acid in reducing water effects on a number of physiological indicators of evergreen plants, experimental spring was performed as a factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications in 1398 in the research greenhouse of Islamic Azad University, Gorgan Branch. Factors involved included irrigation at two levels, consumption of potassium fertilizer at two levels of potassium nanocat and potassium sulfate, and salicylic acid at three levels of zero, one and two milliliters. Physiological traits such as photosynthetic pigments, proline, phenol total, superoxide dismutase, catalase enzyme, soluble sugar, protein and glycine betaine were evaluated. Based on the results of this study, dehydration stress significantly increased the levels of proline, the enzyme peroxidase, the enzyme catalase, glycine betaine and sugar, and reduced the levels of chlorophyll a, b, whole leaves and total protein. The use of salicylic acid leaf in conditions of dehydration stress in concentrations significantly increased sugar, total protein, glycine betaine and total phenol. The use of potassium nanocatalysts and potassium sulfate improved plant tolerance in drought stress conditions and increased physiological traits compared to control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Effect of salicylic acid application on some physiological characteristics and essential oil production of lemon verbena (Lippia citrodora L.) under salinity stress
Mohammad Moghaddam Leila Mehdizade Sara FarsariThe aim of this research was to study the effect of salicylic acid (SA) usage on some physiological characteristics and essential oil production of lemon verbena (Lippia citrodora L.) under salinity stress. For this purpose, a pot factorial experiment was performed base MoreThe aim of this research was to study the effect of salicylic acid (SA) usage on some physiological characteristics and essential oil production of lemon verbena (Lippia citrodora L.) under salinity stress. For this purpose, a pot factorial experiment was performed based on a completely randomized design with 4 salinity levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl), 4 SA levels (0, 150, 300 and 450 mg/L) and three replications. The measured traits included total soluble protein, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide, glycine betaine, some antioxidant enzyme activities, and essential oil production. The interaction effect of the treatments on all of the studied traits were significant at 1% P value. The results showed that the highest amount of total soluble protein, MDA, hydrogen peroxide, glycine betaine, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were observed at 150 mM salinity level and application of SA at 300 mg/L causes to decrease total soluble protein and glycine betaine, and 150 mg/L of SA causes to decrease MDA. But application of this plant growth regulator had no significant effect on hydrogen peroxide. Also, the results showed that catalase enzyme activity and essential oil content at the highest salinity level (150 mM) reached to the lowest amounts. In total, the results of this study indicated that the SA application especially at 300 mg/L causes to improve the studied traits in this experiment and its usage under stress conditions is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Ethnopharmacology, quantity, and quality of flower and leaf of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. in four habitats in Semnan, Khorasan Razavi, and North Khorasan provinces
Sedighe Chorli Sara Khorasani neghad khodayar hemmati Bahare KashefiStachys lavandulifolia is a medicinal plant growing in different parts of Iran. Its flower and leaf infusions are used for treating diseases related to stomach and also as sedative for insomnia and stress. This research was carried out based on a completely randomized d MoreStachys lavandulifolia is a medicinal plant growing in different parts of Iran. Its flower and leaf infusions are used for treating diseases related to stomach and also as sedative for insomnia and stress. This research was carried out based on a completely randomized design with three replications to investigate the essential oil contents of leaf and flower obtained from four different sites (Shahrud, Ghuchan, Nyshabur, and Mashhad). Ethnopharmacological data were obtained from local people and the plant samples were collected from their habitas during flowering stage in spring 2014. Essential oils of the sample leaves and flowers were distilled using a Clevenger apparatus to determine essential oil percent and yield in each site. Furthermore, the essential oil components were determined with a GC/MS tool. Results of ethnopharmacological study showed that this plant has different local names in the sites under study but its general application was for reducing stress. The highest essential oil yield and percent and also dry weight were obtained from Mashhad. Also, the highest numbers of essential oil components of Stachys lavandulifolia flower (n=72) and leaf (n=82) were extracted from Nyshabur and Ghuchan, respectively with a maximum essential oil weights of 92.692 and 96.818, respectively. The highest values of major components including betapinene, betaphellandrane, and caryophyllene were obtained from Shahroud and the highest values of spathulenol and alfathujene were obtained from Ghuchan and Mashhad, respectively and these components were higher in leaves than in flowers. The highest quality of the essential oils was obtained from plants grown in Mashhad and Ghuchan habitats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Osmolytes changes for resistance in two cultivars of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Plants.
Mohammad Ali RezaeiThis study aims at the evaluation of physiological aspects of two cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) cultivars, Siokra and Sahel to salin soil salinity [EC=12.3] collected from natural environment of Golestan province. Field tests in three stages, consist of two, four and si MoreThis study aims at the evaluation of physiological aspects of two cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) cultivars, Siokra and Sahel to salin soil salinity [EC=12.3] collected from natural environment of Golestan province. Field tests in three stages, consist of two, four and six foliair seedlings were performed. In leaves of both cultivars, from 1st to 3rd salinity stress, increased Na+, Cl- concentrations noticeably , indicating that salinity resistance was not associated with the ability of the plants to restrict ions uptake and accumulation. During the three vegetative growth stages, from 1st to 3rd, CGR, NAR K+ and Mg++ uptake in both cultivars decreased but increased production of proline and was higher in siokra cultivar. Effect of high salinity, was accompanied by increasing soluble sugars and decreasing insoluble sugars contents, in both cultivars. The content of glycine betaine decreased partialy from two to six foliair stage. Results determined that cotton is among plants that having production and accumulation sterategies of proline-glycine betaine spontaneously. High salinity of soil increased the importance of proline and soluble sugars for resistance of plant and decreased nonsoluble sugar content during growth stages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - The study of salty stresses (NaCl & CaCl2) and ascorbic acid on physiological charecterestics of Carpobrotus edulis L.
Rezaei M.A S.Z Hosseini, مریم Safaei, فریبا AmirlatifiIn order to study of effects of salinity stress on Ice plant (Carpobrotus edulis L.), three kind of soil with 1, 8 and 12ds/m selected for poted experiments. Before NaCl and CaCl2 treatments and after vegetative generation, ascorbate was treated in two concentrations of MoreIn order to study of effects of salinity stress on Ice plant (Carpobrotus edulis L.), three kind of soil with 1, 8 and 12ds/m selected for poted experiments. Before NaCl and CaCl2 treatments and after vegetative generation, ascorbate was treated in two concentrations of 2.5 and 5 mmol. CaCl2 treatments supplemented as 25 and 50 percent of salt treatment. Results indicated that with increasing of salinity (EC), calcium and ascorbate treatments, Na+, Cl-, Ca+2 and K+ of leaves increased significantly, in comparison with control. CaCl2 and ascorbate treatments have no diminishing effects on salinity stress intensity and Na+ absorption. Plant did not use soluble sugar and proline as an osmolyte for increasing osmotic pressure. Glycine betaine and total protein contents increased with increasing of salinity stress and plant got included among plants with the strategy of production and accumulation of glycine betaine and did not use proline. Suitable need of calcium for amelioration of peroxidase activity for scavenging of reactive oxygen species was different in salinities. Calcium oxalate and raphide morphology and raphide bundles number in cross section of leaves and raphides needles number in volume unit had no specific physiological trend and did not change significantly and was not affected by soil salinity, calcium concentration and ascorbate treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - The effect of soil salinity on Anthocyanine, Proline and Glycine betain in commercial cotton cultivars (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
S.J Mirghasemi M.A Rezaei عمران Alishah معصومه Shabdin,In order to studying the effect of soil salinity on physiological characteristics of Cotton genotypes this experiment was conducted in 1386 with potted cottons in phytotron condition and carried out as factorial in completely randomized design with 4 replications. One f MoreIn order to studying the effect of soil salinity on physiological characteristics of Cotton genotypes this experiment was conducted in 1386 with potted cottons in phytotron condition and carried out as factorial in completely randomized design with 4 replications. One factor was Cotton cultivars and the other was levels of salinity at rate of 0.6, 7.6, 15.2 and 29.9ds/m. The results showed that the effect of salinity on physiological characteristics of Cotton plant such as anthocynanine, proline and glycinebetain were significant at 1% probability within cultivars. There were significant diffrences at 5% probability in relation to praline and glycinebetain. No significant difference was found between cultivars in regard to anthocyanine. By increasing the salinity in the soil the amount of anthocyanine, proline and glycine betain increased in Cotton plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Effects of exogenous glycine betaine on morphophysiological characteristics and yield of soybean (Glycine max L.)
M.A RezaeiSince plants confront to kinds of environment stresses in life cycle, exogenous glycine betaine (EGB) applications on crop plants that unable to synthesis glycine betaine is a possible approach to overcome the environmental limitations. In order to study of different tr MoreSince plants confront to kinds of environment stresses in life cycle, exogenous glycine betaine (EGB) applications on crop plants that unable to synthesis glycine betaine is a possible approach to overcome the environmental limitations. In order to study of different treatments of EGB on physiological and morphological characteristics of soybean (Glycine max var PER and DPX), experiments were performed in field condition as factorial with completely randomized design in four replication. Treatments consist of 0 (as control), 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10kg per hectar EGB in six-leaf and near the flowering stages. During the growth period the amount of chlorophyll and soluble sugar levels in leaves and proline, GB and total protein in leaves and seeds and morphological factors, including number of branches, pods, seed number in pods, thousands seed weight were measured. The results showed that chlorophyll content had no change by application of EGB. Regard to EGB, proline and soluble sugar content not observed significant different in ten foliare stage. All EGB concentrations increased number of lateral branch and number of seeds per pod significantly, but not abserved significant different in number of seed per pod and thousands seed weight. EGB application enhanced yield of soybean by increase in number of lateral branch and number of pod per plant. Increased EGB concentrations enhanced yield of soybean significantly, especially in DPX cultivar by optimum concentration of 7.5, 10 and 5 Kg/hec and 5. Total protein content, germination percent and rate in harvested seeds in different treatments of EGB have no significant different. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - The effect of water stress on various of growth and proline, catalase, SOD in sesbania aculeata
مظفر Kamrani آرین Sateei عباسعلی NouriniaIn this study, effects of dry stress on growth parameters, proline content, glycine betaine, catalase, proxidase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were investigated in Sesbania aculeate L. This study was carried out fewer than 7 potting conditions on 7 treatments. Growth MoreIn this study, effects of dry stress on growth parameters, proline content, glycine betaine, catalase, proxidase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were investigated in Sesbania aculeate L. This study was carried out fewer than 7 potting conditions on 7 treatments. Growth parameters such as number of leaves, area leaf, length of shoots, and number of shoots were measured during 4 stage of growth. Results indicated that increase in drought stress caused many effects on morphology and enzymes activities also decrease on growth, number of leaves, leaf area and increase in growth of root rather than shoot. Drought stress did not caused significant difference in the number of shoots. Increase in drought stress also lead to increase in glycine betaine (GB), and proline content in root and leaf. Increase in proline and GB content in leaf was higher than root. Drought stress also caused increase in catalase activity in root and leaves, and more stress also lead to more activity. Drought caused increase in peroxidase activity in leaves and root, but increases in this activity by increasing stress were only observed for root. Superoxide dismutase activity in leaves was not affected significantly by drought stress, but increased in root, by increase in stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Phytochemical and antioxidant activity of essential oil in root of Achillea millefolium, Achillea biebersteinii in natural regions of Gilan province
Farshid Rezaei Rashid JameiIn recent years, some reports have been presented about the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of some root essential oils of Achillea species. This research carried out in order to evaluating of oil yield, phytochemical variation and antioxidant activ MoreIn recent years, some reports have been presented about the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of some root essential oils of Achillea species. This research carried out in order to evaluating of oil yield, phytochemical variation and antioxidant activity of root essential oils of Achillea millefolium L. and Achillea biebersteinii Afan. These plants were collected in June 2016 from Dogaheh region of Rudbar (1700 m) in Gilan province. The essential oils were obtained by water distillation method (Clevenger apparatus) and were analyzed by (GC/MS) .The phenolic contents were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC),total phenols and flavonoids were determined according to the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure and aluminum chloride colorimetric method, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the essential oils was also evaluated by 1, 1 -diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging technique. The findings showed that the main compounds of the A. millefolium essential oil include :β-thujone (18.83%), δ-cadinene (16.87%) and boneol (14.51%), whereas the most abundant compounds in the A. biebersteiniioil were 1,8-cineol (28.82%), p-cimene (15.12%) and camphor (8.34%). According to results, although the total flavonoid content in Achilleamillefolium (54.75 mg/ml oil) was lower than A.biebersteinii (72.33 mg/ml oil), it had the highest antioxidant activity (74%). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - The effect of swimming training on lung TGF-β levels in pregnant rats exposed to cadmium poisoning
Tahereh Bayani shadmehr mirdar harijani akram Esfahaniniaمقدمه و هدف: فاکتور عامل تغییر دهنده رشد بتا (TGF-β) در کنترل تکثیر، تمایز سلولی و سایر عملکردهای سلولی ریه نقش دارد و دارای اثرضد التهابی در بافت های مختلف از جمله بافت ریوی می باشد. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی اثر یک دوره برنامه تمرینی شنا بر سطوح TGF-β ریه موش ها Moreمقدمه و هدف: فاکتور عامل تغییر دهنده رشد بتا (TGF-β) در کنترل تکثیر، تمایز سلولی و سایر عملکردهای سلولی ریه نقش دارد و دارای اثرضد التهابی در بافت های مختلف از جمله بافت ریوی می باشد. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی اثر یک دوره برنامه تمرینی شنا بر سطوح TGF-β ریه موش های باردار در معرض مسمومیت با کادمیوم بود. مواد و روش ها :در این پژوهش تجربی 32 سر موش ماده نژاد ویستار با وزن تقریبی 180-200 گرم پس از دو هفته آشنایی با محیط جدید و استرس ناشی از آب و بارداری به چهار گروه شنا، کادمیوم، کادمیوم - شنا و کنترل تقسیم شدند. برنامه تمرینی شنا از روز اول بارداری شروع و در طی سه هفته به مدت 60 دقیقه در روز ادامه یافت. نمونهگیری از بافت ریه دو روز پس از زایمان انجام شد. غلظت TGF-βبافت ریه با استفاده از روش الایزا (ELISA) تعیین گردید یافته ها: یافته ها نشان دادند که وزن موش های مادر در گروه های کادمیوم، شنا و شنا-کادمیوم کاهش معنی داری داشته است (001/0p ≤). سطح TGF-βریه مادران گروه کادمیوم نسبت به گروه کنترل کاهش معنی دار یافت(05 /0 p ≤). اما TGF-β گروه شنا نسبت به گروه کنترل افزایش معنی دار داشت(05 /0 p ≤). نتیجه گیری: پیشنهاد می شود پاسخ مثبت عامل تغییر دهنده رشد بتا به تمرین استقامتی شنای زیر بیشینه در دوران بارداری در بهبود عملکرد مولکولی و سلولی ریه در برابر آلاینده محیطی نظیر کادمیوم مورد توجه قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Antibacterial Effects of Methanolic Extract of Myristica fragrans against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii Producing broad-spectrum beta-lactamase
Elham Nikouie Ashraf KariminikThe rise of various strains of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has become [E1] one of the primary concerns. Therefore, efforts to utilize plant-derived drugs against drug-resistant bacteria have gained particular importance. This study aimed to investigate the antibacteri MoreThe rise of various strains of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has become [E1] one of the primary concerns. Therefore, efforts to utilize plant-derived drugs against drug-resistant bacteria have gained particular importance. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial effects of the methanol extract of Myristica fragrans against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii isolates that produce broad-spectrum beta-lactamases. The plant extract was prepared using the maceration method. Then, the extract was filtered through Whatman filter paper, Grade 1, and concentrated and dried using a rotary evaporator system. Concentrations of 80, 40, 20, 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, and 0.625 mg/mL of the extract were prepared in a 1:1 v/v mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide and methanol as solvents. Beta-lactamase-producing isolates were identified using the phenotypic method with the antibiotic's cefotaxime and the combination of cefotaxime/clavulanic acid. The agar well diffusion method assessed the antibacterial activity against the isolates. Based on the results, 33% of the Klebsiella isolates and 50% of the Acinetobacter isolates were found to produce beta-lactamase. All of the isolates were sensitive to the methanol extract of Myristica fragrans, with an average minimum inhibitory concentration of 10 and 5 mg/mL, respectively. According to the findings, it can be inferred that the Myristica fragrans extract can inhibit Klebsiella and Acinetobacter isolates in vitro. Therefore, with further research and identification of active compounds, it may be possible to utilize this extract as a potential alternative to antibiotics for treatment in the future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Production of beta-galactosidase from whey using Kluyveromyces marxianus
nahid ebrahimi Fatemeh NejatiBeta-galactosidase is one of the most important industrial enzymes capable of decomposing lactose into glucose and fructose. In this study, two strains of Kluyveromyces marxianus (GY101 and BY101) were investigated for the production of the β-galactosidase from whe MoreBeta-galactosidase is one of the most important industrial enzymes capable of decomposing lactose into glucose and fructose. In this study, two strains of Kluyveromyces marxianus (GY101 and BY101) were investigated for the production of the β-galactosidase from whey as a culture media. Whey was inoculated with each strain and examined for enzyme production with aeration at 100 rpm for 144 hours. In order to increase the enzyme production, the effect of adding yeast extract (0.2 and 0.5%), magnesium sulfate (0.5%) and manganese sulfate (0.5%) at 24, 48, 96, 120 and 144 hours at 30°C and 37°C were investigated and the enzyme activity was measured. The highest enzyme production after 144 hours at 30°C with GY101 and BY101 strains by adding yeast extract (0.5%) were 2.25 and 2.18 U/ml, and with magnesium sulfate added 2.12 and 1.94 U/ml, respectively. According to the results of this study, whey cheese is an appropriate environment for the production of the β-galactosidase enzyme using Kluyveromyces marxianus with the presence of yeast extract and magnesium and manganese sulfate as supplements. The best temperature for the production of the enzyme in both strains was 30°C, and the addition of mineral supplements and yeast extract had a positive effect on the production of β-galactosidase. While the GY101 strain was more suitable than BY101 and magnesium sulfate was more suitable than manganese sulfate, and the enzyme activity increased with increasing yeast extract concentration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Baker’s yeast catalyzed Henry reaction: Biocatalytic C-C bond formation
Prabhakar Shrivas Nitesh Punyapreddiwar Atul Wankhade Sangesh Zodape Umesh Pratap -
Open Access Article
92 - Betaine hydrochloride (BHC) catalyzed synthesis of 4-thiazolidinones derivatives
Amol Khandebharad Swapnil Sarda Charansingh Gill Brijmohan Agrawal -
Open Access Article
93 - Synthesis of 14H-dibenzo[a.j]xanthenes using Co@pyr/APTZCMNPs as a novel heterogeneous nanocatalyst
Esmayeel Abbaspour-Gilandeh Mehraneh Aghaei-Hashjin -
Open Access Article
94 - Ammonium monovanadate: a versatile and reusable catalyst for Friedel-Crafts alkylation and Michael addition of indoles
Kobra Nikoofar -
Open Access Article
95 - L-proline catalyzed synthesis of naphthopyranopyrimidines via multicomponent reaction
Seyyedeh Cobra Azimi -
Open Access Article
96 - Effect of acidity and physical properties of nanozeolite catalyst on hydrocracking of vacuum gas oil
Mina Hadi Hamid Reza Bozorgzadeh Hamid Reza Aghabozorg Mohammad Reza Ghasemi -
Open Access Article
97 - A green procedure for synthesis of xanthene derivatives: Micellar solution of sodium dodecylphosphonate catalyzes condensation reaction of aldehydes and β-naphthol in aqueous media
Razieh Ghashghaei Soheila Ghassamipour -
Open Access Article
98 - A new, green and recyclable poly(4-vinylpyridine)-supported copper iodide nanoparticles catalyst for the synthesis of aryl-14H-dibenzo [a-o] xanthenes
Jalal Albadi Nasir Iravani Moloud Khoshakhlagh -
Open Access Article
99 - RFLP Analysis of Beta‐Lactoglobulin Gene in Swamp and Murrah Buffaloes Using a Single Restriction Enzyme
W. Nualchuen K. Srisakwattana S. Chethasing K. Tasripoo S. Usawang R. Hengtrakulsin M. Kamonpatana -
Open Access Article
100 - تأثیر مکملسازی بتائین و اسید فولیک بر عملکرد، مقدار فولات تخم و تولید تخم بلدرچین ژاپنی
ر. صادقی مجرد پ. فرهومند م. دانشیاراین مطالعه به منظور بررسی اثرات سطوح مختلف بتائین (0، 5/0 و 1 گرم در کیلوگرم) و اسید فولیک (0، 4 و 8 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم) بر عملکرد، غلظت اسید فولیک تخم و تولید تخم در بلدرچین ژاپنی انجام گرفت. آزمایش با 288 بلدرچین ژاپنی 42 روزه در قالب یک آزمایش فاکتوریل 3 × Moreاین مطالعه به منظور بررسی اثرات سطوح مختلف بتائین (0، 5/0 و 1 گرم در کیلوگرم) و اسید فولیک (0، 4 و 8 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم) بر عملکرد، غلظت اسید فولیک تخم و تولید تخم در بلدرچین ژاپنی انجام گرفت. آزمایش با 288 بلدرچین ژاپنی 42 روزه در قالب یک آزمایش فاکتوریل 3 × 3 بر پایه طرح کاملاَ تصادفی انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که هیچکدام از صفات عملکردی بجز مصرف خوراک تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار نگرفت. عدم تأثیر مکمل­سازی اسید فولیک و بتائین بر چگالی مخصوص تخم مشاهده گردید اما شاخص شکل تخم در کل دوره آزمایش تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار گرفت. تفاوت معنی­داری بین تیمارهای آزمایشی برای pH، وزن و نسبت سفیده تخم مشاهده نشد اما واحد هاو به طور معنی­داری تحت تأثیر مکمل­سازی اسید فولیک قرار گرفت. سطح بالای مکمل­سازی اسید فولیک (8 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم) واحد هاو را کاهش داد. به علاوه، اثر متقابل بین اسید فولیک و بتائین برای واحد هاو معنی­دار بود و افزایش بتائین واحد هاو را در سطوح پایین و متوسط اسید فولیک تحت تأثیر قرار نداد در حالیکه واحد هاو را در سطح بالای اسید فولیک (8 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم) کاهش داد. عدم تأثیر اسید فولیک یا بتائین برای pH، شاخص زرده و درصد زرده تخم مشاهده گردید در حالیکه محتوای اسید فولیک و رنگ زرده تخم تحت تأثیر مکمل­سازی اسید فولیک قرار گرفت. غلظت اسید فولیک زرده از سطح پایین 37/843 میکروگرم در کیلوگرم برای پرندگان تغذیه شده با جیره پایه و بدون اسید فولیک مکمل­سازی شده به 25/1456 میکروگرم در کیلوگرم برای پرندگان دریافتکننده جیره­های حاوی 8 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم اسید فولیک رسید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - احتمالاتی برای بهبود ایمنی ذاتی هومورال در بوقلمونها و مرغها در شرایط استرس دمایی توسط تعدیلکننده سیستم ایمنی ®Immunobeta
ن. بوزاکووا ل. سوتیرو س. دنو ت. کوینارسکیآزمایشهایی برای ارزیابی اثر Immunobeta با بوقلمونها و مرغهای تخمگذار پرورش­یافته ارگانیک انجام شد. بوقلمونها Immunobeta را در یک دز چهار گرم/کیلوگرم خوراک در طول شروع تخمگذاری (دوره سرد)، دوره حرارتی خنثی و دوره گرم تابستان دریافت کردند. در مرغها، دو سطح جیرها Moreآزمایشهایی برای ارزیابی اثر Immunobeta با بوقلمونها و مرغهای تخمگذار پرورش­یافته ارگانیک انجام شد. بوقلمونها Immunobeta را در یک دز چهار گرم/کیلوگرم خوراک در طول شروع تخمگذاری (دوره سرد)، دوره حرارتی خنثی و دوره گرم تابستان دریافت کردند. در مرغها، دو سطح جیرهای Immunobeta آزمون شدند: دو گرم/کیلوگرم و چهار گرم/کیلوگرم. سرم خون و سطوح لیزوزیم سفیده تخم مرغ، مسیر جایگزین فعال­سازی مکمل (APCA) و غلظتهای بتا-لایزین تعیین شدند. مشخص شد که Immunobeta تأثیر سودمندی بر لیزوزیم سرم، فعالیت APCA و بتا-لایزین در بوقلمونها و مرغها داشت. غلظت لیزوزیم در سفیده تخم مرغ به طور معنیداری در تخمهای تولید شده توسط پرندگان تیمار شده با هر دو دز تعدیل­کننده سیستم ایمنی بالاتر بود. Immunobeta، پیشنهاد شده با یک دز چهار گرم/کیلوگرم خوراک تأثیر سودمندی روی فاکتورهای ایمنی طبیعی هومورال داشت. با اعمال یک دز چهار گرم/کیلوگرم، تعدیل­کننده سیستم ایمنی تست شده به طور معنیداری غلظتهای لیزوزیم سفیده تخم مرغ را در مرغها افزایش داد، با فرض ماندگاری بالاتر تخمها و احتمالاً، محافظت بهتر از جنین جوجهها. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - بررسی چند شکلیهای جایگاههای ژنی FSHβ و FSHR و ارتباط آنها با عملکرد صفات تولیدی و تولیدمثلی در گوسفندان نژاد ایران بلک، آرمان و بلوچی
ن. نظیفی ق. رحیمی میانجی ز. انصاری پیر سراییهدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی چند شکلی در ژن گیرنده هرمون محرک فولیکولی (FSHR) و ژن زیر واحد بتای هرمون محرک فولیکولی (FSHβ) و ارتباط آن با صفات نرخ زایش و افزایش وزن بدن در گوسفندان نژاد بلوچی، ایران بلک و آرمان میباشد. در ابتدا ردیابی چند شکلی در ژن FSHβ به کمک Moreهدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی چند شکلی در ژن گیرنده هرمون محرک فولیکولی (FSHR) و ژن زیر واحد بتای هرمون محرک فولیکولی (FSHβ) و ارتباط آن با صفات نرخ زایش و افزایش وزن بدن در گوسفندان نژاد بلوچی، ایران بلک و آرمان میباشد. در ابتدا ردیابی چند شکلی در ژن FSHβ به کمک تکنیک PCR-RFLP و آنزیمهای محدود کننده ACCI و HinfI انجام شد و هیچ نوع الگوی باندی چند شکلی در این جایگاه ژنی نشان داده نشد. در مرحله بعد به منظور مطالعات بیشتر در این جایگاه ژنی از تکنیک SSCP استفاده شد که در نتیجه آن ژنوتیپهای AA و AC در گوسفندان نژاد بلوچی، ژنوتیپهای AA و AB در گوسفندان نژاد ایران بلک مشاهده شد ولی کلیه نمونههای مربوط به گوسفندان نژاد آرمان فقط ژنوتییپ AA را نشان دادند. رد­یابی چند شکلی در ژن FSHR به کمک تکنیک PCR-RFLP و تیمار آنزیمی MSCI انجام شد و سه نوع ژنوتیپ AA، AB و BB در بین نژادهای مورد مطالعه مشاهده شد. آلل B در هر سه نژاد مورد مطالعه بیشترین فراوانی را داشت. آنالیز تجزیه واریانس این جایگاههای ژنی به کمک نرم افزار SAS انجام شد. آزمون مقایسه میانگین دانکن نشان داد که چند شکلیهای هر دو جایگاه ژنی FSHR و FSHβ تأثیر معنی داری را روی صفت نرخ زایش در نژاد بلوچی دارند. همچنین نشان داد که آلل جهش یافته می­تواند متوسط نرخ زایش را به صورت قابل توجهی نسبت به آلل وحشی افزایش دهد. آنالیز دادههای مربوط به صفت وزن بدن در سنین مختلف و چند شکلی در جایگاه ژنی FSHβ، در هیچ یک از سه نژاد مورد مطالعه اختلاف معنی داری را نشان نداد. مطالعات چند شکلی در جایگاه ژنی FSHR و صفات افزایش وزن بدن نشان دهنده وجود اختلاف معنی داری در نژاد آرمان است، و نشان داد که آلل وحشی عملکرد بهتری دارد. این اطلاعات می­تواند در برنامههای اصلاح نژادی در پرورش گوسفند مورد استفاده قرار بگیرد و سبب بهبود عملکرد تولیدی و تولیدمثلی شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - تأثیر مصرف مکمل بتائین در آخر دوره آبستنی بر غلظت متابولیت های خونی، هموسیستئین و پراکسیداسیون لیپیدی در میش های آبستن و نتاج آنها
ح.ر. صحرائی ع. کیانی آ. آذرفر ح. خمیس آبادیبتائین (تری ­متیل گلیسین) یک ترکیب دهنده گروه متیل است که در بسیاری از فرایندهای مهم فیزیولوژیک از قبیل سنتز هموسیستئین، کاهش استرس اکسیداتیو و کاهش پراکسیداسیون چربی نقش دارد. در مطالعه حاضر، اثر افزودن بتائین بر غلظت خونی بتاهیدروکسی بوتیرات، هموسیستئین، گلوتاتیون Moreبتائین (تری ­متیل گلیسین) یک ترکیب دهنده گروه متیل است که در بسیاری از فرایندهای مهم فیزیولوژیک از قبیل سنتز هموسیستئین، کاهش استرس اکسیداتیو و کاهش پراکسیداسیون چربی نقش دارد. در مطالعه حاضر، اثر افزودن بتائین بر غلظت خونی بتاهیدروکسی بوتیرات، هموسیستئین، گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز، کاتالاز و مالون دی آلدئید و غلظت گلوکز، اوره و پروتئین کل سرم خون در میشهای آبستن بررسی شد. علاوه بر این اثر افزودن پیش از زایش بتائین بر غلظت گلوکز، اوره و انسولین سرم خون بره­ ها مطالعه شد. در طول ماه آخر آبستنی 20 رأس میش چند شکم زایش سنجابی با جیره پایه (شاهد: 3.6±71.2 کیلوگرم) و یا جیره پایه به علاوه 5 گرم بتائین به ازای هر رأس در روز (بتائین: 3.8±71.6 کیلوگرم) تغذیه شد. نمونه خون از میشها در روز زایش و از برهها در روز تولد، 14 و 28 روزگی گرفته شد. میشهای گروه بتائین مقادیر کمتری از بتاهیدروکسی بوتیرات (0.18±0.55 در مقابل 0.37±1.88 میلی­مول در لیتر) و مالونیل آلدئید (0.51±8.1 در مقابل 0.61±9.1 میکرومول در لیتر) را نسبت به میشهای گروه شاهد داشتند، اما غلظت خونی هموسیستئین، آنزیمهای آنتیاکسیدانی، گلوکز، اوره و پروتئین کل تفاوتی نداشت. برههای گروه بتائین وزن تولد بیشتری را نسبت به برههای گروه شاهد داشتند (0.18±4.41 در مقابل 0.18±3.95 کیلوگرم؛ P=0.06). برههای هر دو گروه عملکرد رشد یکسانی را تا 60 روزگی داشتند. افزودن بتائین در ماه آخر آبستنی تأثیری بر غظت خونی گلوکز، انسولین و اوره برهها نداشت. نتیجه کلی اینکه، افزودن بتائین به جیره میشهای آبستن سبب کاهش غلظت خونی بتاهیدروکسی بوتیرات احتمالا از طریق کاهش اکسیداسیون چربی شد و منجر به وزن تولد سنگینتر برهها شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Effects of silicon on glycine-betaine, phytochelatin, and antioxidant enzymes in licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) under aluminum stress
Mojtaba Yazdani Shekoofeh Enteshari Sara Saadatmand Saeid Habibollahi -
Open Access Article
105 - Differential responses of two Iranian rice cultivars to arsenite toxicity
Mahdi Yousofinia Faezeh Ghanati Markus J. Tamas Hassan Zare Maivan -
Open Access Article
106 - Effect of short-term salinity on photosynthesis and ion relations in two sugar beet cultivars.
Alireza Dadkhah Ghorbanali Rassam -
Open Access Article
107 - A fuzzy reliability model for series-parallel systems
S Sardar Donighi S Khanmohammadi -
Open Access Article
108 - FLORICAULA (FLO) insilico analysis in Saintpaulia ionantha H.Wendl
mina kazemian elham mohajel kazemi Maryam Kolahi valiolah ghasemiThe transition from vegetative to reproductive stage in Saintpaulia ionantha H.Wendl is controlled by factors such as FLORICAULA (FLO). The process of determining the fate of the flower meristem and its formation pattern is determined by the FLO and the induction of hom MoreThe transition from vegetative to reproductive stage in Saintpaulia ionantha H.Wendl is controlled by factors such as FLORICAULA (FLO). The process of determining the fate of the flower meristem and its formation pattern is determined by the FLO and the induction of homeotic regulators. In this research, FLO sequencing, protein characteristics, secondary structure, intracellular position and phylogenetic tree have been evaluated by bioinformatics tools for the first time in African violet. The results showed that the intracellular location of this protein is predicted in the nucleus. This protein (FLO) belongs to the FLO/LFY family. The secondary structure of the protein consists of 53% alpha helix and 4% beta sheets. Examining the phylogeny tree, species related to one family were placed in one branch. Also, protein sequence alignment has shown that the sequence is highly conserved in plants of the same family. Identifying the characteristics of FLO protein can be important as the main factor in planning the function of the tissue and then controlling the function of this protein. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - The Effect of Beta Risk Control on the Relationship between Corporate Value and Profit Components in Companies Admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE)
Seyedeh Mahboobeh JafariThe purpose of research is to study the effect of beta risk control on the relationship between company value and components of profits in companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. To this end, the effect of beta risk control on the explanatory power of the relat MoreThe purpose of research is to study the effect of beta risk control on the relationship between company value and components of profits in companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. To this end, the effect of beta risk control on the explanatory power of the relationship between profit and return has been investigated. To test the effect of risk control on the power of regressions, the observations are sorted according to various risk criteria. To this purpose, 128 companies from among the companies admitted in the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2011 and 2016 were selected as samples. Regarding the target type, this is applied research and in terms of content and nature, the research method is a correlation. In this research, a multiple regression model was used to estimate the results. The research findings showed a significant difference in the explanatory power of the profit-return regression equation before and after beta control because the increase in the coefficient of determination is 4%, which is significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - A comparison on effects of different concentrations of sodium chloride on activeness of anti oxidant enzymes, smolites and photosynthetic pigments in Dunaliella salina
A.S. Borhani Sabzevar A. Sateie M. GhorbanliThe present study evaluated the effects of concentration of sodium chloride in medium culture on fluctuations of activeness of anti oxidant enzymes (such as catalase, scorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase), fluctuations of smolites contents (such as MoreThe present study evaluated the effects of concentration of sodium chloride in medium culture on fluctuations of activeness of anti oxidant enzymes (such as catalase, scorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase), fluctuations of smolites contents (such as glycine betaine, and proline) and fluctuations of quantity of pigments. The experimental strain was grown in three treatments with 2.5, 7.5 and 12.5 percent sodium chloride and was subject to evaluation of the target parameters. The strain grown in 7.5 percent treatment showed most growth compared to other treatments. Also greatest values for chlorophyll A (10.3 milligram per gram wet weight of algae), chlorophyll B (0.753 milligram per gram wet weight of algae), and beta-carotene (0.211 milligram per gram wet weight of algae); but an increase in chlorophyll B was seen in other treatments. Results of enzyme evaluations showed that activeness of peroxydase and ascorbic peroxydase increased significantly in the two other sodium chloride treatments (p<0.05). Moreover, glycine betain concentration in optimum condition was more than the other two treatments (P<0.05). In non optimum condition, concentration of proline increased significantly (P<0.05). Growth in 7.5 percent sodium chloride was greatest; it is likely that cells in order to eliminate stress of salinity change components of photosynthetic antennae to increase photo system 2 combined with synthesizing proline and anti oxidative enzyme proteins. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Optimization of beta-carotene production of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa isolated from the waste leather factory
Sheida Beiranvand Mohaddeseh Larypoor Jamileh NoroziBackground & Objectives: Yeasts have a special value for human in biotechnology because of the production of pigments. Rhodotorula species produce high amounts of beta-carotene. The aim of this study was to maximize the production of beta-carotene at least prices fr MoreBackground & Objectives: Yeasts have a special value for human in biotechnology because of the production of pigments. Rhodotorula species produce high amounts of beta-carotene. The aim of this study was to maximize the production of beta-carotene at least prices from native yeast species. Materials & Methods: The four isolation evaluated were isolated from specific environments during three stages of sampling from the waste leather factory. Subsequently, two isolates of Aa1 and Aa4 were identified using the biochemical test and PCR technique. The production of beta-carotene was determined by the identified isolates and a standard strain in different conditions of salt, nitrogen source, carbon source, aeration, temperature, and pH. Optical absorption of the pigment was read through spectrophotometer at 470 nm. Results: Among the four isolates, only the isolate Aa1 is capable to produce carton-free pigment. The genetic identification of the two isolates Aa1 and Aa4 confirmed 98% similarity to those of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Debaryomyces hanseni, respectively. The results showed that the maximum production of beta-carotene was obtained after optimization of 75.6 μg/ml for Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and 32.7 μg/ml for Rhodotorula glutinis (standard strain). Conclusion: The isolation of native species and the optimization of its functional activities in the laboratory is not only useful in the production of high-quality industrial products, but also the use of the native species is highly economical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Study on genetic variation of Hyrcanian Calonectria pseudonaviculata (boxwood blight agent) isolates using RAPD and ISSR markers
Parisa Khazaeli Saeed Rezaee Mansoureh Mirabolfathy Hamidreza Zamanizadeh Hadi KiadaliriBackground & Objectives: Boxwood tree is one of the Iranian endemic trees expanded throughout Hyrcanian forests. They are of particular importance among the world's forest reserves. Recently, Calonectria pseudonaviculata has been considered as one of the most import MoreBackground & Objectives: Boxwood tree is one of the Iranian endemic trees expanded throughout Hyrcanian forests. They are of particular importance among the world's forest reserves. Recently, Calonectria pseudonaviculata has been considered as one of the most important causes of blight and leaf defoliation of the boxwood in Iran. For the first time, the present study was aimed to evaluate the genetic variation of Hyrcanian C. pseudonaviculata isolates using RAPD and ISSR markers. Material & Methods: In this study, 75 fungal isolates were collected from the infected boxwoods throughout Hyrcanian forests in the North of Iran. The isolates were assessed based on morphology and colony color. Genetic diversity of the isolates was studied using RAPD and ISSR markers. A part of the beta-tubulin gene was sequenced and deposited at NCBI. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using PAUP* v. 4.0b10. Results: The colony color of isolates on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium was brown with pale hale, conidia were cylindrical, rounded at both ends, 1-septate, 48- 68 µm. Stipe was long (90-14 µm) and hyaline, with the extension terminating in a broadly ellipsoid papillate vesicle, the widest part above the middle. Phylogenetic tree based on the β-tubulin gene showed that all isolates are placed into the same group. Our results indicated that the population of this fungus has a low genetic diversity in Iran. Conclusion: It seems that the variation of this pathogen is started to change genetically in some areas due to selection pressure phenomenon. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Determination of antibiotic resistance pattern and frequency of blaVIM & blaIMP genes in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter species in Bandar Abbass
Fahime Golestani Sedigheh Javadpour Farshid Kafilzadeh Zeinab Ghalandarzadeh DaryaeiBackground & Objectives: Acinetobacter spp. are non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria that are associated with nosocomial infections. They are serious opportunistic pathogens with resistance to many antibiotics due to the presence of Metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) gen MoreBackground & Objectives: Acinetobacter spp. are non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria that are associated with nosocomial infections. They are serious opportunistic pathogens with resistance to many antibiotics due to the presence of Metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) genes. The aims of this study were to determine antimicrobial susceptibility and frequency of MBLs genes in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter species in Shahid Mohammadi hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran. Material & Methods: This descriptive- cross-sectional study was carried out on 81 Acinetobacter isolates collected from different clinical samples from Shahid Mohammadi hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran. The bacteria were identified to the species level by Microgen GNA-ID System kit. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test was used to determine antibiotic resistance pattern. MIC of meropenem was determined by E-test, and MBLs production was detected by imipenem-EDTA synergy test (CDST method). The isolates were then subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of blaIMP and blaVIM genes. Results: Out of 81 isolates, 79(97.54%) were identified as A. baumanni, 1 (1.23%) as A. lwoffii and 1(1.23%) as A. haemolyticus. Acinetobacter spp. showed the highest resistance to imipenem and meropenem (81.5%) and the highest susceptibility to polymyxin B (96.3%) and colistin(95.1%), respectively. MIC determination by E-test revealed 77.8% of isolates as meropenem- resistant.76.5% of isolates were identified as MBL- positive by CDST method. Also, 13 (16%) isolates carried blaIMP gene, but none of them had the blaVIM gene. Conclusion: Dissemination of MBL- producing A. baumannii is worrisome. In order to reduce and control Acinetobacter infections, implementation of strict surveillance, and judicious prescribing of antibiotics is necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Investigation of ampC & esbl genes in Escherichia coli isolated from human and poultry
Elham Farrokhnazar Pejvak Khaki Soheila Moradi BidhendiBackground & Objectives: Beta-lactam antibiotics are currently the most common treatment for bacterial infections. The production of beta-lactamase enzymes are the most important reason of bacterial resistance to these antibiotics. The aim of this study was to inves MoreBackground & Objectives: Beta-lactam antibiotics are currently the most common treatment for bacterial infections. The production of beta-lactamase enzymes are the most important reason of bacterial resistance to these antibiotics. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of ampC and esbls genes in E. coli isolated from human and poultry. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 400 urine samples were collected from medical centers and also 200 swab poultry cloaca samples were collected from poultry farms located in Tehran province. Phenotypic identification of the beta-lactamase producing strains was performed using disk diffusion method. The presence of ampC and esbls genes in bacteria was studied using PCR approach. Results: A total of 120 (30%) human sample and 50 (25%) poultry samples were infected to E. coli. Phenotyping evaluation showed that 54 cases (45%) of the human samples carried esbls beta-lactamase gene while 2 cases (1.67%) carried ampC beta-lactamase gene. In poultry samples, 3 cases (21.4%) were confirmed for ESBLs enzymes and none of them carried ampC gene. Based on genotyping analysis 2 (1.67%) of the strains isolated from human samples carried ampC gene. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the ampC beta-lactamase gene was found in human samples, but more accurate studies are required for poultry. Due to high risk factor of the beta-lactamase producing organisms in nosocomial infections further studies is suggested to prevent their spread in community. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Association between IL-12 Receptor beta-1 gene polymorphisms and Tuberculosis between Iranian Population
Noor olhoda Saadaee Jahromi Parissa Farnia Mohammad Kargar Mehdi Kazem pour Jamileh Nowroozi Mohammad Reza Masjedi Aliakbar VelayatiBackground and objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common cause of death due to infectious disease, worldwide. In fact only 10% of people infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis develop clinical disease which suggests , the role of host genetic factors in s MoreBackground and objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common cause of death due to infectious disease, worldwide. In fact only 10% of people infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis develop clinical disease which suggests , the role of host genetic factors in susceptibility against TB. For this reason, we aimed to determined IL-12 gene polymorphism among PTB cases. Material and method: A case-control study was carried out in one hundred twenty TB patient and one hundred sixty seven healthy control individuals. The Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP ) in 5 regions of IL12 RB1 gene +705A/G +1158T/C, +1196G/C,+1664C/T and +1637 G/A were determinate by PCR-RFLP. Results: No significance differences were detected at +1664 C/T and +1637 G/A allele frequencies. Conclusion: In this study, the IL-12 gene polymorphism at +1664 C/T and +1637G/A allele were associated with susceptibility against TB. Although, further studies suggested on more number of samples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - مقایسه قدرت پیش بینی بازده مورد انتظار سهام با استفاده از مدلهای CAPM و Reward Beta
فرزین رضایی بیت اله اکبری مقدم علی نوروزی -
Open Access Article
117 - Using a New Hybrid Method for Characteristics Classifying of Limb Movements in Brain-Computer Interface Applications
Maryam Iyzadpanahi Mohammad Yousefi Neda Behzadfar -
Open Access Article
118 - Two stage combination model for portfolio optimization via smart BETA strategies.
mohammad sharafi Nowrouz Nourollahzadeh fatemeh sarrafThe issue of stock portfolio selection has always been one of the most attractive and practical issues in financial markets. The present article introduces a two-stage model for stock portfolio optimization by using a combination of the six smart beta strategies founded MoreThe issue of stock portfolio selection has always been one of the most attractive and practical issues in financial markets. The present article introduces a two-stage model for stock portfolio optimization by using a combination of the six smart beta strategies founded in the literature and fuzzy approach. In this article, first, the six factors of smart beta factores, for 76 pharmaceutical and steel companies active in the stock market, are calculated by using the financial information in the financial statements of 2016 and 2017 and their trading information in the period 2016 to 2017. Then, by combining the six factors of smart beta and fuzzy logic, the final weight of each share in the portfolio is determined. In order to evaluate the model, using SPSS software and Levin statistical test and based on yield information of the mentioned companies, during 2017 year, the difference between the efficiency of the proposed model and the index portfolio based on the market index was discussed. The results showed that at 95% confidence level, a higher profit can be obtained from the portfolio based on the proposed hybrid model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Risk and Return Properties of Portfolios Based on Directional Forecasts
Vahid RooholelmIn this study, a formula is de rived for the period specific beta (market risk) for a portfolio of financial assets that has been formed on the basis of directional forecasts. This is an important contribution to the literature since measuring the risk of an actively ma MoreIn this study, a formula is de rived for the period specific beta (market risk) for a portfolio of financial assets that has been formed on the basis of directional forecasts. This is an important contribution to the literature since measuring the risk of an actively managed portfolio is problematic due to the fact that managers may change fund risk conditional on market expectations. The period- specific nature of the measure is a significant advantage since historical fund re turns are not required and the beta is not influenced by prior fund returns’ deviations from the bench mark. The methodology employed allows for the development of a time series of fund betas that permits investigation into a number of important Empirical issues. This study is also of practical interest from the perspective of risk management and for both portfolio performance and attribution. Finally, there are many active strategies based on directional forecasts and the approach used here en com passes a significant proportion of these. The author of this article used of consultation and guidance of Rahnama Roodposhti Fereidoun, Professor and A member of the science team Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch ,Tehran, and thankses a lot of him. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - A fixed point method for proving the stability of ring $(\alpha, \beta, \gamma)$-derivations in $2$-Banach algebras
M. Eshaghi Gordji S. Abbaszadeh -
Open Access Article
121 - On $\beta-$topological vector spaces
S. Sharma M. Ram -
Open Access Article
122 - On the superstability of a special derivation
M. Hassani E. Keyhani -
Open Access Article
123 - On Extension of Generalized Laguerre Polynomials of Two Variable
Ahmed Al-Gonah -
Open Access Article
124 - Evaluating non-linear regression models in growth analysis of Cucurbita pepo L.
hamideh khalaj mohammadreza LabbafiThis study was carried out to evaluate the growth of Cucurbita pepo L. using nonlinear regression models. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications at Research Farm of Abouraihan Campus, University of Tehran during the MoreThis study was carried out to evaluate the growth of Cucurbita pepo L. using nonlinear regression models. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications at Research Farm of Abouraihan Campus, University of Tehran during the 2013 growing season. The planting dates were April 20th, June 20th and July 20th. In order to study the growth analysis, leaf area and dry weight changes were measured. Eight models were used to describe the dry weight variations (Logistic, Gompertz, Richards, Weibull, Linear Expression, Symmetric Linear and Beta 1 and 2 models), and three models (logistic, Gompertz and beta) were used to describe the trend of leaf area changes. The results showed that all models well described the changes in dry weight and leaf area (day after planting) and can be used in growth analysis studies. In this research, a beta-1 model was used in all three planting dates to estimate leaf area and dry matter index. Among the planting dates, the highest leaf area index and dry matter were produced in April 20th and June 20th with 1.78 and 1379 g / m2, respectively. The best time to plant of C. pepo L. in the Varamin is June. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Volatile Oil Composition From Flowers and Leaves of H.officinalis L. Grown in Esfahan Headsapce Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
LIDA HASHEMI SAYED KOMEIL SAYEDSHOURBALAL -
Open Access Article
126 - اثرات محافظتی بتائین بر سکته قلبی ناشی از ایزوپرنالین از طریق apoE، Bcl-2 و عوامل آنتی اکسیداتیو در مدل موش صحرایی
سروش قدرتی زاده قلی نژاد قلی نژاد محمد حسن خادم انصاری یوسف رسمیبتائین، یک مولکول چند عملکردی که دارای ویژگی حفاظت قلبی است ولی مکانیسم آن به خوبی مشخص نیست. لذا در این مطالعه ما به بررسی اثر بتائین بر بافت قلب و بیومارکرهای سرمی پرداختیم. بتائین در دوز های 50، 150 و 250 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم بدن به موش های صحرایی آلبینو داده شد. سکته Moreبتائین، یک مولکول چند عملکردی که دارای ویژگی حفاظت قلبی است ولی مکانیسم آن به خوبی مشخص نیست. لذا در این مطالعه ما به بررسی اثر بتائین بر بافت قلب و بیومارکرهای سرمی پرداختیم. بتائین در دوز های 50، 150 و 250 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم بدن به موش های صحرایی آلبینو داده شد. سکته قلبی با تزریق 100 میلی گرم بر وزن رت القا شد. تست تانل و تست ایمنوهیستوشیمی به ترتیب برای بررسی آپوپتوز و سطح پروتئین نیتریک اکسید انجام شد. پراکسیداسیون لیپیدی و مقادیر آنزیم سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز با روش کالریمتری انجام شد. بیان ژن های آپوE و Bcl-2 در سلول های تک هسته ای خون محیطی با روش RT-PCR تعیین شد. نتایج نشان داد که تجویز بتائین در دوز 250 میلی گرم بر وزن بدن به مدت 60 روز سبب کاهش آپوپتوز پس از سکته قلبی می شود (0/038>P). ژن Bcl-2 در بافت قلب در دوز 150 میلی گرم بر وزن بدن القا شده و نتایج مشابهی برای آپوE مشاهده شد. در حالیکه تغیراتی در مقادیر نیتریک اکسید مشاهده نشد اما پراکسیداسیون لیپیدی و سطوح آنزیم سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز کاهش یافت. نتایج مطالعه ما حاکی از آن است که بتائین به کمک Bcl-2 و ویژگی ضد استرس اکسیداتیو، سبب حفاظت قلب می شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Long-term Effects of Betamethasone on Epididymal Tissue, Epididymal Sperm Counts and Fertility in Male Mice
Jalaleddin Gouyandeh Mehrdad Modaresi Sara Mansouri Fahimeh Yaghoubieh najafabadi -
Open Access Article
128 - Comparison of Six Weeks of Weight Training with a Combination of Beta‑hydroxy‑Beta‑methylbutyrate and Creatinine and Two Weeks of Non-training on the Concentrations of some Blood Biochemical Factors in Male Powerlifting Athletes
Mojtaba Darvishkhadem Tahereh Bagherpour Nematollah Nemati -
Open Access Article
129 - Study the phase transformation of Ti-6242 alloy and Determination the beta-transus temperature
علیرضا حجاری مریم مرکباتی رامین حسینی یاور منصوری مهدی عباسیThe aim of this research is to determine the beta transus temperature of two Ti-6242 alloys and to study the effect of different amount of alloying elements on alpha and beta phase stabilization by microstructural observation and hot torsion test. Determination of beta MoreThe aim of this research is to determine the beta transus temperature of two Ti-6242 alloys and to study the effect of different amount of alloying elements on alpha and beta phase stabilization by microstructural observation and hot torsion test. Determination of beta transus temperature has an important influence on designing thermomechanical and heat treatment cycles of titanium alloys. Hence, this is an effective parameter to control mechanical properties of two phase titanium alloys. In this regard, hot torsion tests were performed at temperature range of 960 °C to 1090 °C using the strain rate of 0.001 s-1 by cooling with the rate of 0.5 °C/s. besides, in order to deduce the temperature of grain boundary alpha phase nucleation and microstructural evolution, the specimens were heat treated at temperature range of 980 °C to 1020 °C for 40 minute and water quenched. It was found that, 10 % increase in Aleq/Moeq ratio, makes a 5 °C increase in beta transus temperature of the Ti-6242 alloy. Accordingly, this temperature was estimated in the temperature range of 1000 °C to 1010 °C for these alloys. Furthermore, there is a 10 °C deviation in the hot torsion test results and microstructural analysis, which is attributed to dynamic strain-induced transformation phenomenon. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - The role of mechanical energy to thermal synthesis of nanostructur (crystals) Beta-tricalcium phosphate Powder (β-TCP)
Niosha Rafiaei Ebrahim KaramianIn this Research, the mechanical activation process and thermal synthesis of solid-state method with the aim of optimize thermal energy are used for the preparation of nanostructured powder of beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). The process of mechanical activation MoreIn this Research, the mechanical activation process and thermal synthesis of solid-state method with the aim of optimize thermal energy are used for the preparation of nanostructured powder of beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). The process of mechanical activation on calcite and phosphorus Panta-oxide powders, 67 wt. % and 33 wt. % respectively are used in planetary ball mill for 10 hours. Next, the activated powder for thermal synthesis, is heated in two different temperatures, 900 ° C and 1000 ° C for 2 hours in furnace. Also, a sample of the raw materials that listed without mechanical activation process heated at 900 ° C for 2 hours. Samples structures are characterized by studies of XRD and SEM. for elemental analysis of Beta-tricalcium phosphate powder XRF method is used. To evaluate crystallite size (crystals), modified Scherrer method is used. Structural studies showed that activated samples at both temperature leading to formation of beta-tricalcium phosphate phase. Crystal size of samples are reported in a range of 40 to 70 nm. The result showed that energy transferred to the starting materials (11.2 MJ/g), causes the materials to be mechanically activated and leads to synthesis temperature reduces to 900 ˚C. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Determination of Seizure Threshold due to Intrapritoneal Injection of Harmaline in NMRI Mice
غلامحسن واعظی مهسا ترابی عبدالحسین شیرویHarmaline is one of the alkaloids that exist in different plant like Peganum harmala. This alkaloid has stimulative effect on realasing serotonin and katkol -amins in different parts of the brain.Also this alkaloid has hallucinogenic effect. one of the most important ph MoreHarmaline is one of the alkaloids that exist in different plant like Peganum harmala. This alkaloid has stimulative effect on realasing serotonin and katkol -amins in different parts of the brain.Also this alkaloid has hallucinogenic effect. one of the most important pharmacological effects of Harmaline is the inhibitory effect on Monoamine oxidase enzyme.Also Harmaline with attachment to Inverse agonist locus GABA-A receptors produced a wide range of antagonistic effects against benzodiazepins and interference of benzodiazepine receptors in produce seizure and tremor has show.This research has done to estimate seizure threshold due to intrapritoneal injection of Harmaline in comparison with seizure threshold pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) of male NMRI mice.In this research the positive control receive of amount 45mg/kg,ip of PTZ and the other groups were injected with 5,10,20 mg/kg,ip of Harmaline.After above injections, seizure symptom has been estimated.As result of this research indicate the seizure threshold in positive group (PTZ) is amount 45mg/kg and seizure threshold of Harmaline is amount 5 mg/kg.In conclusion can reveal that Harmaline with attachment to Inverse agonist locus GABA-A receptors produced a wide range of antagonistic effects against benzodiazepins and has show that gabaergic system and serotonin neurotransmitters are involved in seizure activity due to Harmaline.While in seizure due to PTZ,interfere picrotoxine locus of GABA receptor and benzodiazepine locus has partial role on its effects.The result of this research has been shown that Harmaline reduce seizure threshold dose dependent significantly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Making a construct containing of γ-globin gene and control regions of beta gene cluster aiming for studying of effective mutations in HPFH phenotype
مریم بی خوف تربتی فاطمه جمشیدی حسین خان احمد سیروس زینلی مرتضی کریمی پورIn andbeta;-thalassemia patients are mutations or deletions in beta globin gene which due to absence or reduction of andbeta;-globin chain synthesis. Adult hemoglobin (HbA) contains 2 Alfa Globin and 2 Beta Globin chains (andalpha;2andbeta;2) while Fetal hemoglobin (HbF MoreIn andbeta;-thalassemia patients are mutations or deletions in beta globin gene which due to absence or reduction of andbeta;-globin chain synthesis. Adult hemoglobin (HbA) contains 2 Alfa Globin and 2 Beta Globin chains (andalpha;2andbeta;2) while Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) contains 2 Alfa Globin and 2 Gamma Globin chains (andalpha;2andgamma;2). HbF switches to HbA in early weeks after the birth. A kind of andbeta;-thalassemia is HPFH phynotype. In these patients the level of HbF will be high in after the birth continuously. The gamma globin gene is in beta globin gene cluster and its expression will be control by locus control region (LCR) which located in upstream of beta gene cluster. The LCR composed of five DNase I hyper sensitive sites (HS1-5) in Erythroid cells. We amplified HS2, HS3, HS4 segments (mini LCR) and andgamma;-globin gene from the genomic DNA of a normal individual by PCR. Each of segments cloned in pTZ57R/T vector and then subcloned in the pBGGT vector, a derivative of PUC19 plasmid. This construct is a positive control and containing 5and#39; HS4,HS3,HS2 3and#39; segments (mini LCR, 4 kb) and A Gamma gene (2 kb). That could be used in studying of some mutations which due to HPFH phenotype and affect expression of andgamma;-globin gene and also for induction of HbF production in gene therapy of andbeta;-thalassemia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Comparison of Six Weeks of Weight Training with a Combination of Beta Hydroxy-Beta Methyl Butyrate and Creatine Supplement and Two Weeks of Non-Training on Creatine Kinase and Lactate Dehydrogenase in Male Powerlifting Athletes
Mojtaba Darvishkhadem Tahereh Bagherpour Nematollah NematiThe aim of this study was to compare six weeks of weight training with HMB and creatine supplementation and two weeks of non-training on creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase in male powerlifting athletes. Thirty-two male athletes aged 21 to 30 years were randomly d MoreThe aim of this study was to compare six weeks of weight training with HMB and creatine supplementation and two weeks of non-training on creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase in male powerlifting athletes. Thirty-two male athletes aged 21 to 30 years were randomly divided into four groups of 8 people creatine, HMB, HMB + Cr, and weight training. The training program was designed for 6 weeks and four sessions per week. HMB group 3 grams of supplement on training days and 1 gram on non-training days, creatine group on training days in 3 servings of 5 grams and 5 grams on non-training days, HMB + Cr group HMB supplement in 3 grams per day and Creatine was consumed in the same way as the creatine group. During the two weeks of training, the HMB group received 1 gr of the supplement daily, the creatine group received 5 gr of the supplement, and the HMB + Cr group received 1 gr of the HMB supplement daily and 5 grams of the creatine supplement. One-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to test the hypotheses. The test results showed that in the post-test between weight training groups and HMB (p = 0.000), creatine (p = 0.006) and HMB + Cr (p = 0.000) and in two weeks of inactivity, there was a significant difference in CK between the weight training group and HMB + Cr (p = 0.047). Also between weight training groups and HMB (p = 0.000), HMB + Cr (p = 0.000), creatine and HMB (p = 0.019), creatine and HMB + Cr (p = 0.001) in both Week of inactivity There was a significant difference in LDH between the weight training group and HMB + Cr (p = 0.004), creatine and HMB (p = 0.026), creatine and HMB + Cr (p = 0.001). It seems that 6 weeks of weight training with a combination of HMB and creatine supplement and 2 weeks of non-training can significantly reduce muscle injury indices in male powerlifting athletes. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - The Effect of Six Weeks Aerobic Training and Cinnamon Extract on IL_1β Gene Expression in Liver Tissue of Male Feeded by High Fat Diet
Alireza Rostamian Nematolah Nemati Tahereh Bagher pourIn obese people, the expression level of interleukin is one beta higher, so that the expression level of interleukin 1 beta is directly related to the level of body mass index and fat mass. This study aimed to determine the effects of six weeks of aerobic exercise, cons MoreIn obese people, the expression level of interleukin is one beta higher, so that the expression level of interleukin 1 beta is directly related to the level of body mass index and fat mass. This study aimed to determine the effects of six weeks of aerobic exercise, consumption of cinnamon extract and high fat diet on the expression of 1 beta interleukin gene in liver tissue of male rats fed a high fat diet using two-month-old male Wistar rats. Fifty two-month-old male rats were divided into five control groups: high-fat diet, cinnamon extract, and high-fat diet, aerobic training and high-fat diet, and aerobic training and cinnamon extract and high-fat diet after two weeks of control. Cinnamon extract at a rate of 200 mg per kg of body weight and emulsion of high-fat food in excess of water and normal diet of rodents daily at a rate of 1.5 mg per kg of body weight for six weeks by gavage. The training group participated in an aerobic exercise program on a treadmill five days a week for six weeks. The mean of research variables among groups (except the control group) was compared with one-way variance analysis and Bonferroni tests to determine the differences among groups. The mean of research variables between each group was compared with the control group to determine the differences within the group by one-sample t-test at the significant level of p 05 0.05. There was a significant difference between body weight and liver tissue weight in the post-test between all groups. The difference among the mean variables of one beta interleukin in the liver tissue of male rats fed a high-fat diet after six weeks of aerobic exercise, consumption of cinnamon extract, and high-fat diet was significant. Therefore, it seems that the effects of high fat diet, high fat diet and aerobic exercise, high fat diet, and cinnamon and high-fat diet, and aerobic exercise and cinnamon on the interleukin variable of one beta in liver tissue are significant and significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Comparison of Six Weeks of Weight Training with a Combination of Beta Hydroxy-Beta Methyl Butyrate and Creatine Supplement and Two Weeks of Non-training on Body Composition and Muscle Function Factors in male Powerlifting Athletes
Mojtaba Darvishkhadem Tahereh Bagherpour Nematollah NematiThis study aimed to compare six weeks of weight training with HMB and creatine supplementation and two weeks of non-training on body composition and muscle function factors in male powerlifting athletes Thirty-two male athletes aged 21 to 30 years were randomly divided MoreThis study aimed to compare six weeks of weight training with HMB and creatine supplementation and two weeks of non-training on body composition and muscle function factors in male powerlifting athletes Thirty-two male athletes aged 21 to 30 years were randomly divided into four groups of 8 people creatine, HMB, HMB + Cr, and weight training. The training program was designed for 6 weeks and four sessions per week. The HMB group had 3 grams of the supplement on training days and 1 gram on non-training days, the creatine group on training days in 3 servings of 5 grams and 5 grams on non-training days, HMB + Cr group HMB supplement in 3 grams per day, and Creatine was consumed in the same way as the creatine group. During the two weeks of training, the HMB group received 1 gr of the supplement daily, the creatine group received 5 gr of the supplement, and the HMB + Cr group received 1 gr of the HMB supplement daily and 5 gr of the creatine supplement. A Two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to test the hypotheses. Comparison between groups showed that there was not a significant difference in body fat percentage, lower body muscle strength, and muscle endurance between the four groups of weight training, creatine supplementation, HMB supplementation, and HMB + Cr supplementation in the post-test and two weeks of non-training. Also, the comparison between the groups showed that There was a significant difference in upper body muscle strength in the post-test, between the HMB + Cr group and the weight training group, the HMB + Cr group and the creatine group, the HMB + Cr group and the HMB group and Also in two weeks of non-training, between HMB + Cr group and weight training group, HMB + Cr group and creatine group, HMB + Cr group and HMB group, also comparison between groups showed that in two weeks of non-training, there was a significant difference in lower body muscle endurance between the weight training group, and HMB, the weight training group and HMB + Cr. It seems that six weeks of weight training with a combination of HMB and creatine supplements and two weeks of non-training can lead to a reduction in body fat percentage and improved muscle function factors in male powerlifters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - The Comparison Study of TNF-α Level in Serum and Brain Tissue in Wistar Alzheimer's Rats Treated with Probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacter Strains
Bahareh Jamalzadeh Posht Mesari Maryam Ghobeh Parichehr Yaghmaee Hanieh JafaryAlzheimer's disease is a type of brain dysfunction that gradually weakens the patient's mental abilities. Numerous studies have shown that inflammatory mechanisms also play a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. In this regard, targeting TNF-α usin MoreAlzheimer's disease is a type of brain dysfunction that gradually weakens the patient's mental abilities. Numerous studies have shown that inflammatory mechanisms also play a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. In this regard, targeting TNF-α using its inhibitors can be an effective therapeutic strategy in controlling and treating such diseases. The purpose of this study was a comparison study of TNF-α levels in blood serum and brain tissue in Wistar Alzheimer ҆s rats treated with probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacter strains by ELISA. The number of amyloid plaques was also counted. For this purpose, 30 adults male Wistar rats were randomly distributed to 5 groups as follows (n = 6): The control group included animals receiving normal water; the Alzheimer's group who underwent surgery and became Alzheimer 's-induced by injection of beta-amyloid; Sham group who underwent surgery and was injected with water (beta-amyloid solvent); two experimental groups who underwent Alzheimer's surgery with beta-amyloid injection and each group received probiotic strains Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Bifidobacterium longum separately at a dose of 2.5 × 109 CFU at 0.5 CC by gavage for one month. The results demonstrated that both strains, especially Bifidobacterium longum, were able to significantly (p < 0.001) reduce the amount of TNF-α in brain tissue and blood serum compared to the Alzheimer's group. Also, both strains, especially strain Bifidobacterium longum, showed notable capability of inhibiting amyloid plaques. Therefore, it seems that two probiotic strains Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Bifidobacterium longum can be good candidates to reduce the level of TNF-α in both blood serum and brain tissue and also the number of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's-induced rats. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - The Effect of Aerobic Training before and after Induction of Alzheimer's Disease on Memory and Learning of Amyloid Beta-Infected Alzheimer's Disease Rats
Farahnaz Amir Shaghaghi Zahra Izanloo Malihe NaeimikiaAlzheimer's disease is a progressive neurological disorder that leads to loss of nerve cells and impaired memory and learning. This study aims at investigating the effect of an aerobic exercise course before and after Alzheimer's disease induction on memory and learning MoreAlzheimer's disease is a progressive neurological disorder that leads to loss of nerve cells and impaired memory and learning. This study aims at investigating the effect of an aerobic exercise course before and after Alzheimer's disease induction on memory and learning of amyloid beta-infected Alzheimer's disease rats. Sixty Wistar rats with a mean weight of 195±17.20 g were obtained from the Pasteur Institute of Iran in the pre-Alzheimer's disease induction stage. After two weeks, the rats were randomly divided into two equal groups of control (30 heads) and experiment (30 heads). After four weeks of training, the rats in each group were divided into three subgroups: 1. Amyloid beta injection 2. Placebo injection 3. No injection. The rats in the Alzheimer's disease groups got Alzheimer's disease by injecting Aβ1-42 into the hippocampus. The aerobic exercise protocol was five days a week for four weeks. 24 hours after the last training session, rats' memory and learning were assessed by using the Morris water maze test. Data was analyzed by one-way and two-way ANOVA. Significance between variables was considered at the level of P ≤ 0.05.The results of studying the learning and memory in different groups revealed that exercise groups showed better results than other groups in both Alzheimer's disease rats and healthy rats after a training period before and after Alzheimer's disease induction (P ≤ 0.05). Many studies have shown that physical activity and exercise may improve cognitive function and delay the onset of AD and other diseases associated with dementia. These results are supported by several studies that have shown that physical activity reduces the levels of AD-related factors. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Investigating the Effect of Local Probiotics Strains on β-Amyloid Brain Biomarker in Induced Alzheimer’s-Disease Wistar Rats
Ehsan Asghari Jafari Maryam Ghobeh Hanieh Jafary Parichehr YaghmaeeOne of the most important causes of global population decline is the overgrowth of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease characterized by the extracellular accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques in the hippocampus. Probiotics are microscopic MoreOne of the most important causes of global population decline is the overgrowth of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease characterized by the extracellular accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques in the hippocampus. Probiotics are microscopic organisms that are important for maintaining and improving human health. This study aims at assessing the effect of two probiotic strains, including Bifidobacterium longum and Limosilactobacillus reuteri on Aβ42 gene expression, the count of amyloid plaques, and neurogenesis in the brain of Alzheimer's disease rat models. First, two probiotic strains were isolated, purified and identified from traditional yogurt, and the rats were grouped as follows: thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. The control group underwent any surgery with no special treatment. The other groups underwent surgery and after being injected by Aβ42, they were divided into the sham group receiving water (probiotics solvent) and the two experimental groups receiving 2.5 x 109 CFU of Bifidobacterium longum and Limosilactobacillus reuteri strains. Finally, Aβ42 gene expression, the count of amyloid plaques, and neurogenesis were assessed in the brain of Alzheimer's disease rat models. In the brain of induced Alzheimer’s disease rats, neuron death occurred and the number of amyloid plaques increased significantly (p<0.001). Also, Aβ42 gene expression was increased in their brains. Meanwhile, treatment with both probiotic strains notably improved all of these symptoms. Therefore, the use of both Bifidobacterium longum and Limosilactobacillus reuteri probiotic strains seem to be effective in the recovery and treatment of Alzheimer's disease which certainly requires more investigations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Feeding of Saurida tumbil in the east of oman sea waters
Peyman Azizpour Arabi Tooraj Valinasab Seyyed Gholamreza HosseiniRainbow Trout (Oncorhynchusmykiss) is the only species of salmon that are grown on farms in Iran. As we know this fish is valuable for human food supply.The color of Salmonidae meat is red in because there are some fat-soluble pigments of the carotenoids group in this f MoreRainbow Trout (Oncorhynchusmykiss) is the only species of salmon that are grown on farms in Iran. As we know this fish is valuable for human food supply.The color of Salmonidae meat is red in because there are some fat-soluble pigments of the carotenoids group in this fish. Therefore in this survey the effects of Astaxanthin and Red Beet on the, and blood factors on rainbow trout were studied This study compared the effects of astaxanthin powder and beet (Beta vulgaris conditiva) in the diet on some blood serum parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) has been investigated. In this study, five treatments with three replications was used. Diets containing 41 mg astaxanthin kg doses of 20, 40, 60 mg kg were beet. The mean initial weight of fish 90/0 ± 29/21 g were fed for eight weeks. After the experimental period, the number of fish from each replicate were randomly selected and anesthetized with clove powder, were bled from the caudal vein. The normality test Shaρiro - wilk, ANOVA and Duncan's comparison of means separation test at a confidence level 05/0 showed that the greatest amount of total protein, albumin, glucose, cortisol, ALP, of treatment 5 (beet 60 ppm) and the lowest level of triglyceride. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Comparative effect of Astaxanthine and red beet (Beta vulgaris conditiva) on blood serum factors of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Aliakbar Alitabar Seyyed Mehdi Hosseinifard Shayan Ghobadi Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchusmykiss) is the only species of salmon that are grown on farms in Iran. As we know this fish is valuable for human food supply.The color of Salmonidae meat is red in because there are some fat-soluble pigments of the More Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchusmykiss) is the only species of salmon that are grown on farms in Iran. As we know this fish is valuable for human food supply.The color of Salmonidae meat is red in because there are some fat-soluble pigments of the carotenoids group in this fish. Therefore in this survey the effects of Astaxanthin and Red Beet on the, and blood factors on rainbow trout were studied This study compared the effects of astaxanthin powder and beet (Beta vulgaris conditiva) in the diet on some blood serum parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) has been investigated. In this study, five treatments with three replications was used. Diets containing 41 mg astaxanthin kg doses of 20, 40, 60 mg kg were beet. The mean initial weight of fish 90/0 ± 29/21 g were fed for eight weeks. After the experimental period, the number of fish from each replicate were randomly selected and anesthetized with clove powder, were bled from the caudal vein. The normality test Shaρiro - wilk, ANOVA and Duncan's comparison of means separation test at a confidence level 05/0 showed that the greatest amount of total protein, albumin, glucose, cortisol, ALP, of treatment 5 (beet 60 ppm) and the lowest level of triglyceride. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - The effects of foliar application of Glycine Betaine on yield and physiological variables of rapeseed (Brassica Nupus L.) under different irrigation regimes
Mohsen Bourboor meysam oveysi Mohammad NasriThe aim of current study was to study the effect of glycine betaine spraying under different levels of available water on agronomical and physiological attributes of rapeseed (Brassica unpus L.) plants. In this respect an experiment was conducted in randomized complete MoreThe aim of current study was to study the effect of glycine betaine spraying under different levels of available water on agronomical and physiological attributes of rapeseed (Brassica unpus L.) plants. In this respect an experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design in three replications as split plot in research field of Varamin Islamic Azad University. The factors included irrigation at three levels (I1-normal irrigation, 60 mm tub evaporation, I2-mild stress, 90 mm tub evaporation and I3 – sever stress, 120 mm tub evaporation) and glycine betaine (GB) at four levels (B1 – pure water (without GB), B2 – 1.5 /1000, B3 – 2/1000, and B4 – 2.5 /1000). The interaction between two factor on grain yield, content of chlorophyll a and b, glycine betaine, malon dealdehyde (MDA) was significant. In general, higher concentration of GB as foliar spray especially under lower soil moisture level led to higher grain yield and higher content of measured variables (except MDA). The interaction effect on prolin content and relative water content (RWC) wasn’t significant but simple effects of irrigation and foliar GB were significant. The highest values of RWC (80.87 %) and prolin (15.7 µmol.g.FW) respectively were observed by using 2.5/1000 and 1.5/1000 concentrations of GB. The lowest values proline was showed by using 2.5 / 1000 concentration of GB. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - The effect of priming and glycine betaine spraying on some morph-physiological and germination characteristics of bean var Derakhshan under salinity stress
Muna Mirzaie Farshad Qushchi Payman AziziIn order to study of glycine betaine application on germination and morph physiological characteristics of bean under salinity stress an experiment was conducted in physiology laboratory of department of agronomy in Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran in summer 2016. MoreIn order to study of glycine betaine application on germination and morph physiological characteristics of bean under salinity stress an experiment was conducted in physiology laboratory of department of agronomy in Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran in summer 2016. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design, with treatments arranged in a factorial scheme with four levels of Salinity (0, 2, 4 & 6 mmol Nacl) by Three levels glycine betaine application (0, 5& 10 ppm), with three replicates. The results showed that salinity stress effect treatment significantly for germination index, radicle dry weight, total chlorophyll, leaf protein percentage, leaf proline content, the cell membrane stability and relative water content. Also the results showed that glycine betaine application effect was significant for all experimental traits except for the cell membrane stability. The interaction between salinity stress and glycine betaine was significant for germination index, total chlorophyll, protein percentage and leaf proline content. In generally the result demonstrated that the best treatment for salinity stress was control which improves the measured traits except radicle dry weight in red bean. Also glycine betaine application could be improved the negative salinity stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - The Effect of Aerobic and Combined Training (Resistance-Aerobic) on Growth Factor Beta and Creatine Kinase Due to Muscle Injury in Elderly Men
maryam dashti amir delshad fateme talashanThe mechanisms involved in old age are largely unknown. Although there are no effective therapeutic interventions to increase life expectancy and prevent aging, it seems that physical activity can play an important role in preventing aging. Therefore, the aim of this st MoreThe mechanisms involved in old age are largely unknown. Although there are no effective therapeutic interventions to increase life expectancy and prevent aging, it seems that physical activity can play an important role in preventing aging. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic and combined exercise on growth factor beta and creatine kinase caused by muscle injury in elderly men. In this study,30 elderly men with a mean age of 66 years were divided into three groups of aerobic, combined and control exercises. Exercises were performed for 8 weeks with a frequency of 3 sessions per week. Aerobic exercises were performed with an intensity of 60-74% of the maximum heart rate and resistance exercises with an intensity of 60% of a maximum repetition (1RM), which had reached 75% during the training weeks. Blood samples were collected 24 hours before the start of training and 48 hours after the last training session. Analysis and comparison between groups were performed by analysis of covariance and for in-group comparison of data by paired t-test at a significance level of P <0.05. TGF-β1 values in two groups of aerobic (P=0.006) and combined (P=0.003) and CK values in the combined group (P=0.03) had a significant increase compared to the control group. But there was no difference in CK values between aerobic and control groups (P=0.11). Increasing the appropriate levels of TGF‐β1 has resulted in more proper muscle regeneration in this age group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - Explaining the prediction model of social phobia caused by consumption through illogical beliefs among elementary school teachers in Tehran
akbar Mohammadi baghareh gele por desarihe purpose of this research was to explain the prediction model of social panic caused by Corona through irrational beliefs among elementary school teachers in Tehran. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of collection Morehe purpose of this research was to explain the prediction model of social panic caused by Corona through irrational beliefs among elementary school teachers in Tehran. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of collection method. The statistical population of the research included all teachers in the elementary school of Tehran in the academic year 1401-1402. . The sample size was determined by using Klein's method, the number of 213 people. The size of the population for this research using Klein's method was 213 people, and data were collected through the available sampling method among the teachers of primary schools in Tehran by distributing an online questionnaire. The tools used were Heidari's Corona Fear Questionnaire (2019) and Jones' Irrational Beliefs Scale (1969). The analysis of the collected data was done in two descriptive and inferential ways through SPSS 23 software. In the inferential statistics section, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test was used to determine the normality of the research variables, and tests such as Levon, multiple regression, and analysis of variance were used to test the hypotheses. Based on the findings, the result of the main hypothesis shows that social panic caused by Corona can be predicted through irrational beliefs, so that the variable of irrational beliefs has a regression effect It is a strong cause of social panic caused by Corona. Also, the findings showed that there was a significant relationship between the variables of age, education and work experience with fear caused by Corona. Also, there was a significant relationship between the variables of age, education and work experience with irrational beliefs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Evaluation of different methods of extraction and micropropagation of lemon grass on physicochemical properties of the extract
Sanaz Kamel Abdollah Alizadeh dariush khademi ShurmastiThis research was conducted to evaluate the extraction methods and also the encapsulation of lemon grass extract on the efficiency of extraction of effective components and some physical properties of the extract. Extraction was done by Soxhlet and ultrasonic methods. T MoreThis research was conducted to evaluate the extraction methods and also the encapsulation of lemon grass extract on the efficiency of extraction of effective components and some physical properties of the extract. Extraction was done by Soxhlet and ultrasonic methods. The extracts were encapsulated using solutions of wall materials including cyclodextrin and sodium caseinate. The extraction efficiency of the extract was measured and compared in two methods. The results showed that ultrasonic extraction significantly increased the extraction efficiency of citronellol, eugenol, linalool, and betacaryophyllin B compared to the Soxhlet method (p<0.05). Encapsulation of the extract with sodium caseinate compared to beta-cyclodextrin increases the production efficiency of microencapsulation (85.7 vs. 84%), increases moisture content (4.86 vs. 3.9%) and decreases mass density (250.21 vs. 547 kg/ M3) (p<0.05). The score of the sensory properties of lemon grass extract, including colour, smell and taste, was higher in the ultrasound method than in the Soxhlet method, and in sodium caseinate microcapsules, it was higher than beta-cyclodextrin. In general, ultrasonic extraction increased the efficiency of extracting effective substances and coating with sodium caseinate improved the physical and sensory properties of lemon grass extract. Therefore, it is recommended to extract lemon grass by ultrasonic method and cover the extracted extract with sodium caseinate to improve its use in food, cosmetic and medical industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Improvement of initial growth and medicinal indices of ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata) by physical seed primmimg
Bahram Mirshekari Reza SiyamiIn order to evaluation of effect of physical treatments on growth and effective ingredients of ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata) laboratory, green house and field experiments were performed in Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Iran during 2014 in three replic MoreIn order to evaluation of effect of physical treatments on growth and effective ingredients of ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata) laboratory, green house and field experiments were performed in Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Iran during 2014 in three replications. Treatments were ultrasonic wave, laser, magnetic field, gamma and beta irradiations for 5, 10 and 15 minutes on wetted seeds included control. Seeds under magnetic field for 5 and 10 min. germinated after 11 days, while seeds under ultrasonication and laser treatments germinated after 13.2 days. Treatments studied lead to significant decrease in time to taken to 50% of emergence of seedling and mean emergence time compared to the control. Final emergence percentage in seeds under magnetic field and ultrasonic wave were 73.7%, but only 58.7% from seeds treated under gamma and beta irradiations. With increasing of exposure time of magnetic field seedling vigor index reduced significant. Seed yield in those seeds under magnetic field increased 8.5 g m-2 compared to mean of control, ultrasonic wave and laser. Seed turgidity index ranged from 0.77 mL in gamma and beta irradiations up to 1.47 mL in magnetic field treatments. Regression analysis revealed that the role of final emergence percentage and seedling vigor index in seed yield explanation were 1.8 and 1.7 times greater than time to taken to 50% of emergence of seedling, respectively. In ribwort plantain with treatment of seeds under magnetic field farmers could improve seedling vigor and increase yield and effective ingredients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Evaluation of soil and foliar application of nitrogen at different growth stages on yield and yield components of sugar beet cultivars
Elnaz Farajzadeh Memari Tabrizi Mehrdad Yarnia Farrokh Rahimzadeh Khoie Mohammad Bager Khorshidi In order to evaluation the effects of different application methods of nitrogen fertilizer on sugar beet yield, an experiment was conducted in farms of agriculture faculty of Islamic Azad university, Tabriz branch in 2005. A randomized complete block More In order to evaluation the effects of different application methods of nitrogen fertilizer on sugar beet yield, an experiment was conducted in farms of agriculture faculty of Islamic Azad university, Tabriz branch in 2005. A randomized complete block design based factorial with three replicates used for three cultivars (7233, PP22, and IC) and three nitrogen application methods (seedbed applying of nitrogen, spraying at 6-8 and 14-16 leaf stages). Results showed that applying methods and cultivars had not significant effect on root and sugar yield, but on sugar percentage. Nitrogen spraying onP22 increased root yield more than other cultivars. Among N applying methods, nitrogen spraying was more effective than others. Soil application of nitrogen increased sugar yield in 7233 and IC cultivars, whereas in PP22, the most effective method was nitrogen spraying in 14-16 leaf stage. Nitrogen spraying in PP22 for increasing root yield, and nitrogen spraying at 14-16 leaf stage in PP22, and seedbed applying of nitrogen fertilizer in 7233 and IC cultivars for increasing sugar yield was recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Some Orders in Groupoids and Its Applications to Fuzzy Ggroupoids
اکبر رضایی Choonkil Park Hee Sik KimIn this paper, we continue the investigation started in \cite{AKN14}. We obtain new results derived from novel concepts developed in analogy with others already established, e.g., the fact that leftoids $(X,*)$ for $\varphi$ are super-transitive if and only MoreIn this paper, we continue the investigation started in \cite{AKN14}. We obtain new results derived from novel concepts developed in analogy with others already established, e.g., the fact that leftoids $(X,*)$ for $\varphi$ are super-transitive if and only if $\varphi(\varphi(x)) =\varphi(x)$ for all $x\in X$. In addition we apply fuzzy subsets in this context and we derive a number of results as consequences. Manuscript profile
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