Bacillus

The enrichment with probiotics is useful method for prevention of various diseases. In this studyused whey as it's beneficial nutritional properties, for providing a probiotic beverage.Stereptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus casei were prepared from food and durin More

The enrichment with probiotics is useful method for prevention of various diseases. In this studyused whey as it's beneficial nutritional properties, for providing a probiotic beverage.Stereptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus casei were prepared from food and duringcontrol department. In first step obtained the number of initial inoculum of each bacteria (108cfu/ml) using spectrophotometery (OD: 1/52), then inoculated (102 cfu/ml) to sterile wheypowder broth. In second step, the growth kinetics of bacteria determined in differenttemperatures (4, 25, 37)°C during 32hr with used 2 hour intervals cultured pour plate colonycount (SCD Agar and MRS Agar), respectively. The results indicated that kinetic growth of twobacteria were the same in 0, 12, 18 hours (p≤0.05) and after it the numbers of each bacteriaremained 107 cfu/ml. In third step (for stability test) the numbers of two bacteria and pH wheybroth measurement, obtained at different temperature (4, 25, 37)°C during 14 days. In result, thebacterial growth were the same 107-108 cfu/ml) and pH changes were (5.8, 4.4, 4.8)respectively. At fourth step the evaluation of organoleptic test was done based on consistencyand flavor (taste and smell) with different ratio of L:S (1:1, 1:2, 2:1). The best group was thegroup 1:1. So, this probiotic beverage based on whey is useful for purpose of industrialproduction. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Evaluation of antifungal effect of Lactobacillus plantarum and inhibitory effect on the production of germ tube in isolates of Candida albicans
Sohrabi Haghdoost, N., Zahraei Salehi, T., Sharifzadeh, A., khosravi, A. .

Candida albicans is opportunistic yeast that may cause infection in predisposed individuals such as users of broad spectrum antibiotics. Increasing reports of candida strains resistance to common antifungal agents, has become a health concern. It is now clear that lacti More

Candida albicans is opportunistic yeast that may cause infection in predisposed individuals such as users of broad spectrum antibiotics. Increasing reports of candida strains resistance to common antifungal agents, has become a health concern. It is now clear that lactic acid bacteria can produce antimicrobial compounds with the ability to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of this study was evaluation of antifungal effect of Lactobacillus plantarum and inhibitory effect on the production of germ tube in isolates of Candida albicans. In this study antifungal effect of acidic and neutral supernatant of L. plantarum were evaluated using agar dilution method. All isolates obtained from mycology research center of veterinary medicine of Tehran university. The effect of supernatant (acidic and neutral) on production of germ tube in Candida albicans fluconazole resistance isolates from oral, vaginal and nail lesion with a control (no treatment) were determined in broth medium after 1, 2 and 3 h of incubation. The average of germination of Candida albicans isolates nails, vagina and mouth treated with acidic supernatants were 3.48±0.87, 0 and 0 respectively. The germination of Candida albicans isolates treated with acidic supernatants significantly was reduced, compared with the control group (no treatment). Antifungal activity of acidic supernatant of L. plantarum against Candida albicans is very significant compared to neutral supernatant. Therefore, the use of L. plantarum is recommended for the prevention and treatment of infections caused by Candida albicans. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Effect of lethal exposure of lead acetate on histopathology of gills of probiotic- treated zebra fish (Danio rerio)
, F. Tehrani N. Hadizadeh Shirazi, , R. Kazempoor

For this purpose, 360 Zebra fish were divided into two groups and fed for 60 days with commercial food (control group) or enriched diet with Lactobacillus fermentum as probiotic (test group). After this time, both groups were in the vicinity of 0.3 mg / l of lead and th More

For this purpose, 360 Zebra fish were divided into two groups and fed for 60 days with commercial food (control group) or enriched diet with Lactobacillus fermentum as probiotic (test group). After this time, both groups were in the vicinity of 0.3 mg / l of lead and their survivability, tissue metal uptake and their histological damages were studied within 48 hours. Based on the results, the fish in the test group were able to tolerate the lethal dose of lead for more than 24 hours compared to the control group. After 48 hours of poisoning, the amount of metal uptake in both liver and gill tissue was significantly lower for the experimental group than in the control group. Moreover, tissue damage such as vein dilatation, lamella fusion and telangiectasia were significantly lower in the experimental group than the control group. Epithelial cell hyperplasia was not observed in the probiotic- treated group. It could be concluded that probiotic enriched diet can significantly reduce the toxic effects of lethal doses of lead in fish. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - The Effectiveness of Alcoholic Rosa Damascene Extract on Lactobacilus Acidophilus and bifidobacterium lactis Probiotic Bacteria Survival in Doogh
, B Akbari-adergani سمیرا Asadolahi fard, AA Anvar , F Shirkhan

In this research, the effect of Rose alcoholic extract on the viability of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus (La-5) and Bifidobacterium lactis (Bb-12) in Doogh was studied. Probiotic bacteria Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus acidophilus were inoculat More

In this research, the effect of Rose alcoholic extract on the viability of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus (La-5) and Bifidobacterium lactis (Bb-12) in Doogh was studied. Probiotic bacteria Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus acidophilus were inoculated into Doogh without Rose alcoholic extract (control) and containing Rose alcoholic extract (1% and 2%). Doogh produced during 4 weeks of storage in a refrigerator at 4° C during a week was investigated for microbial count, pH changes, acidity and survival during the shelf life and the organoleptic characteristics of the product were studied. The results of the statistical analysis indicated that the difference in survival percentage of La-5 and Bb-12 between the ordinary Doogh and the Doogh containing Rose alcoholic extract was significant (p≥0.05). Regarding taste, the results of this study showed that there is a significant difference between the types of Doogh in terms of taste (p<0.05). The study of organoleptic characteristics of Doogh containing Rose alcoholic extract showed that the flavor of this Doogh was improved compared to ordinary Doogh. The pH decreased during the shelf life and the acidity increased slightly. The highest and lowest levels of pH were respectively observed for samples containing 1% and 2% extract. Also, the effect of extract amount on acidity showed that the highest and lowest levels of acidity were in the samples containing 2% and 1% extract, respectively. Therefore, the production and consumption of Doogh containing Rose extract by maintaining organoleptic characteristics together with probiotic bacteria as a pragmatic food product are recommended. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Isolation and Identification of Lactobacillus Acidophilus Probiotic Bacteria from Traditional Tarkhineh Food and Their Ability to Lower Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels in vitro
P. Afshar K. Amini H. Mohajerani S. Saki

10.30495/jftn.2022.67016.11201

 Introduction: Isolation and identification of probiotic strains from native foods can lead to finding strains with unique capabilities. The aim of this study was to isolate, identify and evaluate the ability of Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria isolated from trad More

Introduction: Isolation and identification of probiotic strains from native foods can lead to finding strains with unique capabilities. The aim of this study was to isolate, identify and evaluate the ability of Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria isolated from traditional Tarkhineh food in lowering cholesterol and triglyceride levels in vitro.Materials and Methods: Native strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus were isolated from a local food called Tarkhineh using culture medium and identified based on phenotypic characteristics, standard biochemical tests and 16SrRNA sequencing. In the next step, the strains were examined for probiotic properties such as resistance to acid and bile and sensitivity to antibiotics. Cholesterol and triglyceride lowering activity of isolates in culture medium was also investigated by o-phthaldehyde method.Results: The results showed that 16 strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus were isolated from Tarkhineh samples, among which four strains (S3, S12, S6, S5) showed 30 to 50% resistance, three strains (S7, S4, S10). had 50 to 75% resistance and 2 strains (S11, S1) had 75 to 100% growth in acidic MRS. In addition, strains S7 and S1 showed a growth rate of 0.3 to 0.5% and strains S4, S3, S11 grew at 0.7% bile salt in MRS medium. The highest cholesterol uptake was observed in S11 and S1 strains at 64± 0.23 and 60±0.18 (p<0.01) respectively. Strains S1 and S11 applied 72% ± 0.64 and 61 ± 0.25% triglyceride reduction respectively.Conclusion: The data of this study showed that the native strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus isolated from the local food of Tarkhineh had the potential to absorb and reduce cholesterol and triglycerides of the culture medium. These strains can be studied in laboratory animals as probiotics capable of absorbing and removing fat. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Isolation, identification and fingerprinting of lactobacillus bacteria in dairy and fermented products of Lorestan province and determination of genetic relationships between them using RAPD-PCR marker
S. Daraie B. Doosty K. Samiei

10.30495/jftn.2023.74174.11265

  Introduction: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are the main and natural components of the microflora of the digestive system. Identification of lactic acid bacteria and their use in the food industry is very important. Material and Methods: In order to isolate natura More

  Introduction: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are the main and natural components of the microflora of the digestive system. Identification of lactic acid bacteria and their use in the food industry is very important. Material and Methods: In order to isolate natural lactic acid bacteria, samples of local yogurt and traditional tarkhineh were collected from different regions of Lorestan province, with respect to suitable geographical distances and different weather conditions. After separating gram-positive and catalase-negative bacteria, 20 lactic acid bacteria were selected and then using specific primers, the 16SrDNA gene was amplified and after alignment and comparison with the NCBI database, the type of bacteria was determined. In order to estimate the genetic diversity between the studied bacteria using the RAPD marker, 4 primers were used. Finally, a phylogenetic tree was made between the studied bacteria. Results: Based on the antibiogram test, it was found that all the studied bacteria were resistant to kanamycin and amikacin antibiotics and sensitive to gentamicin, vancomycin and tetracycline antibiotics. Bacteria isolated from tarkhineh with 97% similarity and bacteria isolated from yogurt with 89% similarity were placed in the same group. Two bacterial strains isolated from yogurt were 94% similar to L.rhamnosus bacteria. In relation to the two bacterial strains isolated from tarkhineh sample, the results showed that these two bacteria were 98% similar to L. pentosus bacteria. Based on the results of grouping by RAPD-PCR marker, the studied bacteria formed 6 groups with a similarity coefficient of 57%, and one genotype alone formed one group. Regarding the geographical distances and the grouping obtained, the bacteria samples isolated from the traditional products of similar geographical areas were placed in close groups. Conclusion: The results generally showed that the use of genetic markers can be very effective in identifying the species and strains of lactic acid bacteria in dairy and fermented products. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Use of Enzyme Extract from Lactobacillus casei, Aspergillus niger & Aspergillus oryzae for Production of Enzyme-Modified Cheese
M. Moosavi-Nasab Z. Tahsiri S. Monavar

Introduction: The demand for cheese flavours has increased due to consumer request for convenience food that possesses cheese flavour. The best method for producing economic and consistent cheese flavours is through enzyme-modified cheeses production. The aim of this st More

Introduction: The demand for cheese flavours has increased due to consumer request for convenience food that possesses cheese flavour. The best method for producing economic and consistent cheese flavours is through enzyme-modified cheeses production. The aim of this study was to produce enzyme extracts from Lactobacillus casei, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae and measure the activity of lipase and proteinase of the produced enzyme extracts and employ them in cheese production.Materials and Methods: Lactobacillus casei, Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger are three kinds of microorganisms that were used in this study for the production of EMC. Solid state fermentation has been used for the production of lipolytic and proteolytic enzymes to preparation enzyme from molds and cells of L.casei were disintegrated by sonication and Lysozyme. In order to produce EMC, cheese-slurry was provided and incubated at 37ºC for 48h with crude enzyme and then assessment of proteolysis and lipolysis in the EMCs were investigated.Results: The results indicated that L.casei has lipase and protease enzyme activities of about 103 and 80U/ml respectively, while the lipase enzyme activities was about 240 U/ml for A.niger and protease enzyme activities was about 155U/ml for A.oryzae. Assessment of proteolysis and lipolysis in the EMCs were investigated by the determination of soluble nitrogen ,tricholoracetic acid soluble nitrogen, total free amino acids and GC. The greatest levels of proteolysis and lipolysis were observed in the EMC3. No statistical difference was observed between the overall acceptability of EMC3 and commercial Cheddar cheese asjudged by the sensory evaluation panel members.Conclusion: The results of this research showed that the mixture of enzyme extract can be very effective on proteolysis and lipolysis in Iranian white cheese and also they can be used to produce EMC in much shorter ripening period and with improved flavor. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Synthesis, Optimization and Modeling of Curdlan Gum Production from Paenibacillus polymyxaUsing Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
S.M. Rafigh M. Vossoughi A. Vaziri A.A. Safekordi M. Ardjomand

Introduction: Curdlan gum is a bacterial polysaccharidic biopolymer that is the result of β-(1→3)-D-glycosidic linkages. Due to its ability to curdle and the water-holding capacity, curdlan has applications in the manufacture of food products such as jelly, no More

Introduction: Curdlan gum is a bacterial polysaccharidic biopolymer that is the result of β-(1→3)-D-glycosidic linkages. Due to its ability to curdle and the water-holding capacity, curdlan has applications in the manufacture of food products such as jelly, noodles, edible fibers. Curdlan is biodegradable, nontoxic and it has applications in the pharmaceutical industry because of its potent biological activities. For the first time, the present study is concerned with the synthesis, characterization, optimization of cultural conditions and modeling of curdlan production from Paenibacillus polymyxa using RSM. Materials and Methods: After preparation of the microorganism and the medium, Plackett–Burman design with 12 experimental runs was used to screen the effective factors through 11 variables of batch culture medium for curdlan production. Central composite design with 20 experimental runs was used for optimization of the effective variables. In addition, four characterization methods such as FT-IR, C-NMR, XRD and DSC were employed. Results: The result of the experiments showed that three nutritional factors (glucose, yeast extract and triton x-100) had the predominant effect on curdlan production. The maximum production of curdlan was 4.75 g/l from the optimum condition consisting of glucose (100 g/l), yeast extract (3 g/l) and triton x-100(2.5 g/l). In addition, the average molecular weight of curdlan was determined at 170 kDa by GPC. Conclusion: The results from this study have demonstrated that Paenibacillus polymyxa PTCC 1020 with more specific growth rate (µ) than previous studies is capable to produce curdlan gum and also the production of the synthetic curdlan was confirmed using qualitative methods of identification.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Evaluation of Physicochemical Characteristics and Viability of Lactobacillus Acidophilus in Synbiotic Date Syrup Yogurt
Z. Mohammad Hosseini F. Khodaeian Chegeni R. Pourahmad

Introduction: The addition of date syrup might be considered as an ideal way to produce a functional food. This study was carried out to determine the effects of the addition of date syrup on sensory and physicochemical properties of synbiotic yogurt. Materials and Met More

Introduction: The addition of date syrup might be considered as an ideal way to produce a functional food. This study was carried out to determine the effects of the addition of date syrup on sensory and physicochemical properties of synbiotic yogurt. Materials and Methods: Date syrup was added at three different concentrations (5, 10 and 15% w/w). The samples were subjected to physicochemical analysis (pH, titrable acidity,syneresis and dry matter) and sensory evaluation (texture,formidability, flavor, color and overall acceptability) according to the standard methods. Results: Theresults showed that date syrup significantly increased the viability of the probiotics (P<0.05). The most count of probiotic bacteria was observed on the seventh day. After a few days the acidity was increased and the addition of each level of date syrup caused the acidity to be significantly increased (P<0.05). The results showed that pH value of the samples containing date syrup significantly decreased in the first and last days (P<0.05). There were significant differences in syneresis between control and date syrup yogurt during seventh and last days (P<0.05). The amount of dry matter was higher than control samples (P<0.05). Yogurt samples with 15% date syrup achieved the best organoleptic taste in sensory evaluation. Conclusion: Utilization of date syrup in low fat yogurt especially at 15% concentration of it, caused an increase in the viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus and decreased syneresis and improved the sensory acceptability. Eventually, fortifying yogurt with date syrup produced acceptable yogurt with beneficial health effects. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - Comparison of the Antibiotic Resistance of Lactobacilli Isolated from Traditional Dairy Products with the Antibiotic Resistance of Lactobacilli Isolated from Industrially Produced Dairy Products
B. Moghimi M. Ghobadi Dana R. Shapouri

Introduction: Lactobacilli are a member of the Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) family that are used as starter culture in the production of industrial and traditional dairy products. Lactobacilli could potentially play an important role in the transition of antibiotic resist More

Introduction: Lactobacilli are a member of the Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) family that are used as starter culture in the production of industrial and traditional dairy products. Lactobacilli could potentially play an important role in the transition of antibiotic resistance to gastrointestinal bacteria or pathogenic bacteria.Materials and Methods: In this study, Lactobacilli were isolated from traditional yogurts, yogurt drinks and industrial yogurts and yogurt drinks and the antibiotic resistance to  13 antibiotic including: Penicillin, Ampicillin, Tetracycline, Erythromycin, Gentamicin, Streptomycin, Vancomycin, Nalidixic acid, Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole, Kanamycin, Rifampin, Ciprofloxacin, and Chloramphenicol have been investigated and the results were compared.Results: According to the results, vancomycin resistance was the most prevalent phenotype in traditional yogurt (45.8%) and yogurt drink (40%) and in industrial yogurt (59%) and yogurt drink (50%) respectively. Except in the case of Penicillin and rifampin there was no significant difference between the resistances of Lactobacilli isolated from industrial yogurt to other studied antibiotics in this study are compared to the resistance of Lactobacillus isolated from traditional yogurt. Ciprofloxacin resistance in Lactobacilli isolated from industrial yogurt drink is significantly higher than the resistance of Lactobacilli isolated from traditional yogurt drink and there was no significant difference between the resistances to the other studied antibiotics inLactobacillus isolated from industrial and traditional yogurt drink.Conclusion:Antibiotic resistance was observed in Lactobacilli isolates of traditional and industrial samples. It seems that there is a need to pay attention to the antibiotic resistance in starter cultures used in the food industries in order to prevent the spread of antibiotic resistance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - The Effect of ZnO Nanoparticles on the Growth of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli O157:H7
hakimeh esmaielzadeh parvaneh sangpour ramin khaksar farzaneh shahraz

Introduction: Recently antimicrobial nanoparticles such as ZnO have attracted the attentions of scientists. Regarding the antimicrobial effect and low cost of ZnO nanoparticles, these might be emplyed in food industry to reduce the growth of food microorganisms. The obj More

Introduction: Recently antimicrobial nanoparticles such as ZnO have attracted the attentions of scientists. Regarding the antimicrobial effect and low cost of ZnO nanoparticles, these might be emplyed in food industry to reduce the growth of food microorganisms. The object of this study is to evaluate the antibacterial effect of ZnO nanoparticles on Bacillus Subtilis and E.Coli O157:H7, two important spoiling and pathogenic bacteria of food.Materials and Methods: ZnO nanoparticles have been synthesized by molten salt method and have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Bacillus Subtilis and E.Coli O157:H7 have been inoculated in 2% and 4% w/w ZnO containing tryptic soy broth followed by the plot of their growth curve.Results: Treatments with both 2% and 4% concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles significantly reduced the number of E.Coli O157:H7 (p=0.001 and p Conclusion: Regarding the results of the present study, ZnO nanoparticles can significantly reduce the number of both bacteria however it seems that the effect for gram negative bacteria might be more dramatic. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - The Effect of Sourdough Fermentation Containing Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri on the Sensory Properties, Physicochemical and Staling of Barley Bread
F. Dehghan Khalili Z. Erjaee

Introduction: Barley flour is one of the most nutritious, inexpensive and rich fiber food stuff that has many applications in food industries especially in confectionary products. Nowadays, fibers role is very important in human health and preventing diseases such as ob More

Introduction: Barley flour is one of the most nutritious, inexpensive and rich fiber food stuff that has many applications in food industries especially in confectionary products. Nowadays, fibers role is very important in human health and preventing diseases such as obesity, heart disease, diabetes and cancers. Sourdough fermentation with interaction of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts is considered to play a key role in the improvement of flavor, texture and shelf-life properties of bakery products. In this study, bacterial lactic fermentation was performed by Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri as a primer mixture used to improve the characteristics of barley bread. Materials and Methods: In order to carry out the work, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri were cultured in a medium containing water and flour and used to produce sour paste for the production of barley bread. The amount of staling and physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of the product was determined after baking. Results: The results showed that the use of starters increased moisture content, pH, specific volume; decreased firmness and staling as compared to the control bread. Sourdough bread containing mixed starter gained higher organoleptic score as compared to the control bread. Conclusion: The application of mixed starters consisting of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri could be considered as a suitable starter culture for the production of sourdough and high quality bread. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - A Comparative Study Concerned with Generated Folic Acid in Probiotic and Set Yogurt Produced by Milks from Cow, Sheep and Goats
الناز Tamaskoni Zahedi M. R. Ehsani عزیز Homayoni Rad انوشه Sharifan کامبیز Larijani

Introduction: The consumption of probiotic products due to their functional effect on theconsumers has been increasing in recent years. One of the effects is the production of B groupvitamins, specially folic acid and its derivatives by probiotic bacteria. The aim of th More

Introduction: The consumption of probiotic products due to their functional effect on theconsumers has been increasing in recent years. One of the effects is the production of B groupvitamins, specially folic acid and its derivatives by probiotic bacteria. The aim of this study isto examine the growth rate of folic acid in indigenous set and probiotic yogurt.Materials and Methods: In order to prepare yogurt, milk samples from cow, sheep and goatwere provided and microorganisms consisting of Lactobacillus casei (y2b4, JQ41273501) andordinary yogurt culture (YC-X11) were employed. The samples were incubated for four hoursat 42oC. Folic acid produced during fermentation and storage for 14 days at 4oC weredetermined using liquid chromatography (HPLC). Furthermore, acidity and pH changes andsensory scores were determined on the first, 7th and 14th days.Results: The ability of folic acid production by indigenous probiotic in all the milk samples(cow, sheep and goat) were observed. The rate of folic acid produced by probiotic bacteriawas more than that of set yogurt (P <0.05). pH changes during storage period has a downwardtrend while the acidity took an upward trend on the 14th day of storage time (P <0.05).Conclusion: In general this study has indicated that indigenous Lactobacillus casei is able toincrease the folic acid rate of production up to three times as compared to that produced bythe set yogurt. The inoculation of probiotic had no significant effect on the sensory propertiesof yogurt and an acceptable product has been produced. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - The Effect of Inulin and Lactulose on survival of Lactobacillus casei and physicochemical and sensory characteristics of probiotic Ultrafiltrated Feta Cheese
B. Jirsaraei R. Pourahmad V. Fadaei Noghani

Introduction: The consumption of synbiotic products (simultaneous presence of probiotic and prebiotic) has beneficial effects on human. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of inulin and lactutose on the characteristics of probiotic ultrfiltrated feta cheese More

Introduction: The consumption of synbiotic products (simultaneous presence of probiotic and prebiotic) has beneficial effects on human. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of inulin and lactutose on the characteristics of probiotic ultrfiltrated feta cheese. Materials and Methods: In this study, prebiotic compounds consisting of inulin and lactulose (solely or in combination together) and Lactobacillus casei were used to produce probiotic ultrafiltrated Feta cheese. The survival of Lactobacillus casei and physicochemical and sensory properties of probiotic ultrafiltrated (UF) cheese concerned with different storage days (1, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days) were evaluated. Results: pH values for all the cheese samples were decreased significantly (P<0.05) during storage. In other word, the amounts of acidity for all of the samples increased significantly during storage (P<0.05). Moisture variation and contents were in a decreasing trend until the end of the storage period (P<0.05). Sample containing inulin (I), sample containing lactulose (L) and sample containing inulin and lactutose (IL) had the best sensory quality in comparison to the control sample (C). At the end of the storage, the number of Lactobacillus casei was higher in samples I, L and IL as compared to the control. Conclusion: In this research work, the final synbiotic cheese containing more than 107 CFU/g viable Lactobacillus casei at the end of storage might be regarded as a probiotic product. The prebiotic compound has improved sensory and physicochemical properties as well as viability of Lactobacillus casei in probiotic ultrafiltrated Feta cheese as compared to the control.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Investigation of the Possibility of Probiotic Juice Production Based on Mixture of Sour Cherry, Cranberry and Apple by Lactobacillus acidofilus and Lactobacillus casei
Sh. Daliri B. Khorshidpour R. Pourahmad

Introduction: Probiotics are living microorganisms that, by settling in the intestinal environment, inhibit the activity of noninfectious and pathogenic microorganisms. The main purpose of this study was to consider the probability of producing probiotic juice containin More

Introduction: Probiotics are living microorganisms that, by settling in the intestinal environment, inhibit the activity of noninfectious and pathogenic microorganisms. The main purpose of this study was to consider the probability of producing probiotic juice containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei based on apple, cranberry and sour cherry mixture. Materials and Methods: In the present research, Lactobacillus acidophilus and casie (0, 35, 50, 65,100% levels) were used at a density of 107, at the temperature of 4oc in juice made from mixed sour cherry, cranberry and apple. The physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory properties of the produced juice, during production period were all measured in the first, second, third and fourth week (28 days). Results: The number of probiotic bacteria in the juice increased over the time. Physicochemical properties such as brix, sugar, pH, acidity, turbidity and color had significant changes. Brix, sugar, pH decreased whereas acidity, turbidity of the juice increased. It was also found that the addition of bacteria has somewhat weakened the sensory (organoleptic) characteristics. Conclusion: Among the samples, the sample containing 100% Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria was identified as the best bacterial growth treatment and in terms of sensory properties, the sample containing 35% acidophilus 65% casei was introduced as a superior sample. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - The Effect of Microencapsulation on Survival of lactobacillus acidophilus and on the Quality Characteristics of Apple Juice During Storage at Ambient Temperature
shohreh sheikh ghasemi shahin zomorodi

Introduction: Probiotic apple juice is one of the newest product in healthy drink trade. The aim of this study is to investigate the survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus (LAFTI-L10 DSL) in both free and microencapsulated forms and also the effect of microencapsulation More

Introduction: Probiotic apple juice is one of the newest product in healthy drink trade. The aim of this study is to investigate the survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus (LAFTI-L10 DSL) in both free and microencapsulated forms and also the effect of microencapsulation of the the physicochemical and sensory properties of apple juice during 60 days of storage at 25± 5°C.Materials and Methods: This study consisted of four treatments: Control, apple juice containing Lactobacillus acidophilus in free form and encapsulated form and apple juice where the pH was regulated by the addition of whey protein to 4.4 with Lactobacillus acidophilus.Results: The results showed that the number of probiotics in apple juice containing Lactobacillus acidophilus in free and encapsulated form were reduced by two and one log cycle respectively and in apple juice where the pH was adjusted to 4.4 by whey protein using Lactobacillus acidophilus was increased by 1.2 log cycle during storage. The treatment concerned with whey powder showed the lowest transparency and color, while the encapsulated treatments showed the highest transparency and color and the lowest turbidity.Sensory properties of the samples containing free and encapsulated probiotic did not have significant differences as compared to the control Conclusion: It was concluded that the encapsulation might be used in the production of probiotic apple juice using Lactobacillus acidophilus. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Reduction of Bacillus Cereus Growth in Oat Tempeh with Co- Fermentation of Different Lactic Acid Bacteria and Rhizopus oligosporus
زهره Didar

Introduction: Tempeh is a traditional soy product originally from Asia. Because of its nutritional value, tempeh is used worldwide in vegetarian cuisine, where it is used as a meat analogue Materials and Methods: Oat tempeh is produced with Rhizopus oligosporus PTCC 52 More

Introduction: Tempeh is a traditional soy product originally from Asia. Because of its nutritional value, tempeh is used worldwide in vegetarian cuisine, where it is used as a meat analogue Materials and Methods: Oat tempeh is produced with Rhizopus oligosporus PTCC 5287 with approximately 104 CFU/g. Biological acidification is carried out with inoculation of three starters containing streptococcus,Lactobacillus ,lactococcus and chemical acidification is provided by the addition of 5ml/100g vinegar. Bacillus cereus is inoculated with approximately 105 CFU/g. Results:  The Results showed that co- fermentation of lactic acid bacteria and Rhizopus oligosporus caused a decrease in mold growth (p<1%). The highest effect is from the tempeh that was produced with lactococcus lactis sub sp lactis, lactococcus lactis subsp cremoris and the one that was acidified with vinegar. The highest ergostrol and hyphal length is related to the non- acidified tempeh.  Conclusion: Biological and chemical acidification caused decreases in Bacillus cereus growth. The highest decrease was observed in tempeh that was made with lactococcus lactis sub sp lactis, lactococcus lactis subsp cremoris. In all the cases tempeh with good quality was produced. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Study on the Effect of Jujuba ziziphus Hydro-Alcoholic Extract on Probiotic Yoghurt Quality and Survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus in this Product
S. Ghaffari A. Azhdari G. R. Sharifzadeh

Introduction: Probiotic products have tremendous effects in improving the health ofconsumers and the medicinal herbs have shown to exhibit antioxidant, anticancer and otherproperties. The aim of this research work is to study the possibility of yoghurt productionusing h More

Introduction: Probiotic products have tremendous effects in improving the health ofconsumers and the medicinal herbs have shown to exhibit antioxidant, anticancer and otherproperties. The aim of this research work is to study the possibility of yoghurt productionusing hydro-alcoholic extract of jujube fruit and Lactobacillus acidophilus probiotic bacteriaand evaluate the effect of extract on the organoleptic characteristics of product and thesurvival of Lactobacillus acidophilus in the probiotic yoghurt.Materials and Methods: Low-fat raw milk was heated to 85-90ºC for 5min. Traditionalyoghurt starter, Lactobacillus acidophilus and jujube extract (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 gr/Lit) wereadded at 40ºC. All the treatments were incubated at 37ºC to reach the acidity of 80-85 ºD,followed by storing at refrigeration temperature. The population of Lactobacillus acidophiluswas evaluated with standard methods on the 1,7,14 and 21 days after production. All sampleswere examined for sensory evaluation by a test panel on the 21th day after storage. The datawere analyzed using by SPSS-19 software.Results: In all the treatments the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus was reduced during 21days of storage and the concentration of jujube extract did not have significant effect on thisdecline (P>0/05) and none of treatments showed the number of probiotic bacteria less than106cfu/gr . The best quality was obtained in the yoghurt containing 0.6 gr/Lit of jujube extractand in terms of organoleptic properties and survival of probiotic bacteria this treatmentshowed the highest score.Conclusion: The results of this research showed that we can use 0.6gr/Lit of jujube extractwith Lactobacillus acidophilus in the production of probiotic yoghurt as a new functionalproduct. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - The study of Technological Characteristics of Lactobacilli Isolated from Traditional Sheep and Cow Cheeses of Sangesar
M. Hasani S.A. Mortazavi M. Hasani N. Ahmadi Kamazani M. Ghotbi

Introduction: Lactobacillus genus is classified in the large group of lactic acid bacteria. All the organisms are gram positive and produce lactic acid by fermentation. These bacteria are found naturally in various foods and have been considered as a natural preservativ More

Introduction: Lactobacillus genus is classified in the large group of lactic acid bacteria. All the organisms are gram positive and produce lactic acid by fermentation. These bacteria are found naturally in various foods and have been considered as a natural preservative in some of the traditional foods since the ancient times. The aim of this study is to evaluate the technological properties and usability of lactobacilli isolated from the traditional cow and sheep cheeses as starters in cheese and other fermented products. Materials and Methods: In this study, 12 Lactobacillus strains were obtained from the six traditional sheep and cow cheeses in Sangesar area (Semnan, Iran). Lactobacillus strains were confirmed by phenotypic tests. The isolated strains were evaluated as starter by the technical tests such as growth, acid production, proteolytic, amilolytic and autolytic activities. Results: The optimum growth temperature was at 30˚C for all the isolated strains. The highest growth rate was in the two isolated strains from cow cheese; LB2-1and LB2-5, respectively. The proteolytic activity was observed in three isolated strains from cow cheese; LB2-1, LB2-4and LB2-6, and the strain isolated from sheep cheeses (LB1-3). Amilolytic activity was observed in none of the isolated strains. The highest rate of acid production and autolytic activity was observed in isolated strain from cow cheeses (LB2-2) and the strain isolated from sheep cheese (LB1-1). Conclusion: In this study the isolated lactobacilli from traditional Sangesar cheeses showed desirable technological characteristics and high potential for application as a starter Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Detection of Bacillus Coagulans in Probiotic Products by PCR Molecular Method
F. Motazedi H. Nikoopour M. H. Shahhosseiny

Introduction: Probiotics are microorganisms that if administered in adequate amounts wouldhave beneficial effects on the host's health. Bacillus coagulans is a probiotic bacteria whichsometimes mistakenly called Lactobacillus sporogenes. B. coagulans is a gram positive More

Introduction: Probiotics are microorganisms that if administered in adequate amounts wouldhave beneficial effects on the host's health. Bacillus coagulans is a probiotic bacteria whichsometimes mistakenly called Lactobacillus sporogenes. B. coagulans is a gram positive andfacultative aerobic and anaerobic, catalase positive, oxidase negative and endospore formingbacteria. The aim of this study is the rapid molecular detection of B. coagulans in variousprobiotic products.Materials and Methods: PCR test was optimized by using B. coagulans standard strain.Limit of detection (LOD) and specificity of this test were investigated by using related speciesof DNA. Samples of probiotic products which contain B. coagulans were collected from theIranian market and various methods of DNA extraction were optimized for these products.Results: Amplicon with the size of 450bp was amplified by PCR test and observed byelectrophoresis method. In specificity test none were positive using DNA for intendedorganisms. B. coagulans species were identified in all the samples by PCR method.Conclusion: According to the results of this study B. coagulans was detected in all samples.It was concluded that PCR is a reliable and accurate method to identify these products thatmight contain B. coagulans probiotics bactria. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - Study of Production Possibility of Synbiotic Beverage Containing Red Cabbage, Carrots, Turnip Juices and Oligofructose
Manouchehr Jafari Mahnaz Hashemiravan R. Pourahmad

Enriching beverages with useful compounds such as probiotics and prebiotics is of particular importance in the food industry due to the lack of consumption restrictions by certain people due to the lack of lactose and cholesterol, as well as (vitamins, antioxidants and More

Enriching beverages with useful compounds such as probiotics and prebiotics is of particular importance in the food industry due to the lack of consumption restrictions by certain people due to the lack of lactose and cholesterol, as well as (vitamins, antioxidants and minerals). In this study, first appropriate amounts of oligofructose were selected as prebiotic material and then a mixture of vegetable water produced in proportions of 20, 30 and 40% was prepared and inoculation of Lactobacillus casei strain by half McFarland method at two levels of 106 and 107 cfu/ml were performed. All physicochemical tests such as pH, acidity, Brix and microbial count were evaluated before fermentation, after 72 hours of fermentation at 37°C and during four weeks of storage at 4°C. Reduced glucose and total glucose were evaluated before fermentation, after 72 and 4 weeks of fermentation. During fermentation and storage, with increasing bacterial density and storage time, pH, Brix, reducing sugar and total sugar of probiotic beverages decreased and acidity increased significantly. The highest survival rate of probiotic bacteria during 28 days of storage related to A3B2 treatment (with bacterial density of 107 CFU/ml) was selected as the best treatment according to the results. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - Changes in Microbial, Rheological, and Sensory Characteristics of Probiotic Yogurt Sauce Containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus During Cold Storage
H. Pourjavid M. Ataee R. Pourahmad A. A. Anvar H. Behmadi

10.30495/jfbt.2022.69606.10298

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Open Access Article

32 - Effect of Using Lactobacillus Brevis IBRC-M10790 and Baker’s Yeast on Phytate Degradation of Sourdough and Barbari Bread
H. Hadaegh S. M. Seyyedain Ardabili M. Tajabadi Ebrahimi M. Chamani R. Azizi Nezhad

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Open Access Article

33 - Probiotication of Tomato and Carrot Juices for Shelf-life Enhancement using Micro-encapsulation
S. Naga Sivudu B. Ramesh K. Umamahesh O. Vijaya Sarathi Reddy

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Open Access Article

34 - Fluidized Bed Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus Sporogenes with Some Selected Hydrocolloids for Probiotic Bread Production
S.S. Mirzamani A.R. Bassiri H. Tavakolipour M.H. Azizi M. Kargozari

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Open Access Article

35 - Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Mentha pulegium L. and its Antimicrobial Activity on Proteus mirabilis, Bacillus subtilis and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii
M.A. Khosravi Zanjani N. Mohammadi M. Zojaji H. Bakhoda

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Open Access Article

36 - The Effect of Oligofructose, Lactulose and Inulin Mixture as Prebiotic on Physicochemical Properties of Synbiotic Yogurt
A. R. Aghajani R. Pourahmad H. R. Mahdavi Adeli

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Open Access Article

37 - Evaluation of Probiotic Yoghurt Produced by Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. tolerans
H. Korbekandi D. Abedi M. Maracy M. Jalali N. Azarman S. Iravani

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Open Access Article

38 - The Effect of Coffee Extract on the Growth and Viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum in Probiotic Milk and Yoghurt
M. H. Marhamatizadeh E. Ehsandoost P. Gholami

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Open Access Article

39 - The Vaibility of Probiotic Bacteria and Characteristics of Un-cultured Cream Containing Inulin
A. Farrokh M. R. Ehsani N. Moayednia R. Azizi Nezhad

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Open Access Article

40 - Isolation and molecular identification of thiocyanate biodegrationbacteria in the sediments from Maharloo lake, Fars province
Fahimeh Motallebi Farshid Kafilzadeh

10.22034/jest.2019.29647.3821

Background and Objective: Thiocyanate is an inorganic, one compound carbon and an important member of the cyanide family, which is derived from natural and industrial sources. It is largely produced by Metal and coke extraction industries. This toxic compound, causing u More

Background and Objective: Thiocyanate is an inorganic, one compound carbon and an important member of the cyanide family, which is derived from natural and industrial sources. It is largely produced by Metal and coke extraction industries. This toxic compound, causing undesirable effects in living organisms. Due to the presence of this toxic compound in the Maharloo Lake, this study was aimed to isolate and molecular identification of bacteria degrading thiocyanate from sediments of the Maharloo. Method: Sampling was performed during summer and spring of 2015 and 2016 form 5 stations. Isolation of Thiocyanate-degrading bacteria was conducted in the M9 medium. After identifying the physiological and biochemical thiocyanate degrading bacteria, MIC test, kinetics of growth and the rate of decomposition of thiocyanate were conducted. Finally, resistant bacteria were identified by PCR-based gene 16S rRNA. Findings: 9 species had the ability of thiocyanate degradation in Maharloo lake. Bacillus sphaericus and Micrococcus luteus showed the highest potential to remove thiocyanate and the highest resistance (50 grams per liter) than other bacteria. The Most thiocyanate biodegrationrate was related to B. sphaericus (66.66%) and M. luteus (50%) which showed 97% and 92% homology to Planococcus citreus strain NBRC 15849and Bacillus aerius strain 24K respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: The result of this study showed that the Maharloo lake contains powerful bacteria in thiocyanate biodegradation, so that B. sphaericus can break up to 66.66%. By providing a framework for the growth of these bacteria, they can be used to detoxify and remove thiocyanate from contaminated water.                           Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

41 - Identification of Native Bacteria of Soil Contaminated with Oil Compounds in Mahshahr Petrochemical Special Economic Zone
sana rasuli Morteza Kashefi Alasl Reza Marandi Mozhgan Emtiazjou Mozhgan Zaeimdar

10.22034/jest.2020.35538.4246

Background and Objective: The spread of soil oil pollution in the present era due to the use of fossil fuels in industrial areas has adverse effects on human and the environment. In this study we identified native bacteria from oil-contaminated soils to be used to reduc More

Background and Objective: The spread of soil oil pollution in the present era due to the use of fossil fuels in industrial areas has adverse effects on human and the environment. In this study we identified native bacteria from oil-contaminated soils to be used to reduce hydrocarbon contaminants. Method: First, in order to identify and isolate native bacteria in the region, sampling of soils contaminated with petroleum compounds was done in six stations located in Mahshahr Petrochemical Special Economic Zone. Bacterial growth was performed in neutrite broth liquid media. Neutrite agar medium was used to culture bacteria and achieve single colony in solid medium. DNA was extracted to identify bacterial species by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Soil physical and chemical properties were measured to estimate the conditions of the area according to the standard method. Findings: The results of isolation and growth of bacteria and purification, and finally polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and sequencing indicated the presence of two bacterial species in six different stations with a similarity of more than 95% according to the global ranking. According to the results, the percentage of TPH removal in the field by Peseudomons Aeruginosa and Bacillus Nakamurai was 53.50% and, 33.05%, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion:  Due to the ability of these species to remove TPH, they can be suggested as suitable native species for this region in the removal of contaminated soils.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

42 - Bio-Absorption of Lead by Isolated Bacteria from Petrochemical Waste water
Bita Karim Salmani Mohammad Ali Amozegar Javad Hamedi

Bio-absorption is presented as an alternative to traditional physicochemical means for removing toxic metals from ground water and wastewater. In this research 99 bacterial strains were isolated from three wastewater samples from one of Iran petrochemical industries. Ex More

Bio-absorption is presented as an alternative to traditional physicochemical means for removing toxic metals from ground water and wastewater. In this research 99 bacterial strains were isolated from three wastewater samples from one of Iran petrochemical industries. Examination of these isolated for Pb2+ tolerance were carried out by using PYT agar medium containing different concentrations of      Pb (NO3)2  from 4 to 15 mM. The isolated KAH1, KAH2 and KAH3, had tolerance to Pb 15, 6.5 and 6.5 mM respectively. These high tolerant strains were selected and their ability of lead bio-absorption, were investigated by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The highest ability was observed in the strain KAH1 and this strain decreased Pb concentration from 80 mg/l to 44.4 and 48.2 mg/l after 48 and 96 hours incubation, respectively. The results of the experiments showed that bio-absorption was affected by the initial pH of the medium, initial metal ion and exposure time. According to the morphological, physiological and biochemical characterizations of the strain with that of valid strains, the strain was tentatively identified as Bacillus sp. strain KAH1. The maximum Lead bio-absorption capacity of KAH1 isolate was determined to be 48.25 mg/g (97.67%) at pH 4.0 with 150 mg/l concentration in 4 hours equilibrium time Manuscript profile

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43 - Isolation of Toluene Biodegrade Bacteria from ISFAHAN Petrochemical soil
Abbas Akhavanesepahi Elahe Nazer Bagher Yakhchaly Mohammad Reza Nazer

Toluene is one the common and main environmental pollutant factors which often contaminates sites. it is a result of spillages of fuels, solvents or chemicals, also it is one of the major products of petro chemical activities. Because of being highly toxic, it represent More

Toluene is one the common and main environmental pollutant factors which often contaminates sites. it is a result of spillages of fuels, solvents or chemicals, also it is one of the major products of petro chemical activities. Because of being highly toxic, it represents a significant environmental hazard for human and has potential toxicity, carcinogenicity, negative effects on reproduction and mortality rates of aquatic animals. This material is a mutagen as well. Microbial degradation represents the major responsible route for removing these pollutants including fungus, aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. It is important that this component degrades in a high dosage that certain species of bacteria will able to degrade it. 6Toluene-utilizing bacteria is isolated from petrochemical of Isfahan soils .Amongst them one strain tolerant toluene is highly concentrated. They were isolated when bacteria exposed on vapor pressure of toluene (1-100%). They used toluene as sole sources of carbon and energy. This strain was identified by biochemical characteristic and 16S rRNA sequencing as Bacillus. Also amount of deletion of toluene were detected by gas chromatography (GC) during growth of the bacteria. The investigated isolates are considered to have a good potential for application in remediation of toluene contaminated environments and industrial wastewater and soils. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

44 - Selenite-resistant Lactobacilli isolated from local cheeses made in the rural areas of Kurdistan and its application for the removal of selenite from water and wastewater
Morahem Ashengroph Davoud Saedi

10.22034/jest.2017.10332

Background and Objective: The presence of the high concentrations of selenite in the industrial wastewater that and subsequently entering water supply and the food chain are being health concerns. Thus, microbial bio-remediation has been considered as a safety tool for More

Background and Objective: The presence of the high concentrations of selenite in the industrial wastewater that and subsequently entering water supply and the food chain are being health concerns. Thus, microbial bio-remediation has been considered as a safety tool for removing selenite. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the capability of selenite removal using Selenite-resistant Lactobacilli  isolated from local cheeses made in the rural areas of Kurdistan. Method: 25 local sample were collected from pristine areas kordestan provinceEnrichment was performed in the MRS media containing selenite (SeO3-2). Selenite tolerance pattern among bacterial isolates was performed by using the agar dilution test and broth dilution method. The selenite content in the reaction medium was measured by a colorimetric assay. The One-factor-at-a- time method (OFAT) was used for the process optimization. Molecular characterization was performed by amplification of 16S rDNA gene and sequencing. Findings:A total of 30 selenite-resistant bacteria were isolated and one of the strain, namedLactobacillus sp. Tra cheese 6, show the highest resistance to selenite (125 mM) along with bio-reduction efficiency. The maximum selenite removal was observed at the following conditions: initial biomass concentration 50 g/l, NaCl 4% (w/v), Temperature 37 C, pH 7.2 and agitation 100 rpm in the presence selenite with initial concentration of 45 mM. Under the optimal conditions, the concentration of SeO3-2 ion in the reaction supernatant decreased by 96% (from 45 to 1.8 mM) after 60 hours of incubation. Discussion and Conclusion: Regarding the results obtained in the current investigation, isolation and determined of Lactobacilli as safety and economic catalysts and to develop suitable alternative methods for the removal of heavy metal oxyanions from water and wastewater are suggested.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

45 - Isolation and Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Gastrointestinal System of Honeybee in Markazi Province
Nilofar Soleymani Mohsen Zargar Parvaneh Jafari

Honeybee is a useful insect who plays a critical role due to pollination. Gastrointestinal system of honeybee has coexistent microorganisms. The recent researches showed that the useful microorganisms in honeybee are recognized to participate in the interactions of hone More

Honeybee is a useful insect who plays a critical role due to pollination. Gastrointestinal system of honeybee has coexistent microorganisms. The recent researches showed that the useful microorganisms in honeybee are recognized to participate in the interactions of honeybee body. Using probiotic supplements in apiculture industry will increase the speed of growth, improve coefficient of food transformation, improve the resistance to disease and increase the honey production. The purpose of this research is to separate the useful bacteria of gastrointestinal system of honeybee in several districts of Markazi Province and study the probiotic indices of samples. Accordingly, the samples of healthy worker bees were separated from apiaries and carried to the laboratory for separation of gastrointestinal system. They were heated and enriched in MRS broth under anaerobic condition. Colonies of negative catalysis and hemolysis were analyzed by phylogenic diagnosis test. One lactobacillus was tested for the phylogenic identification which was lactobacillus alimentarius. The results of this research indicated that presence of lactic acid bacteria in gastrointestinal system of honeybee. Manuscript profile

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46 - Mutation, cloning and sequencing of Protective Antigen of Bacillus anthrasis
محمد ابوطالب Hatef Ajoudanifar

Background: Protective Antigen of Bacillus anthracis (PA) is a protein that binds to receptors on OF human body cells. There is special Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor on cancer cells and PA can not bind to them. The aim of this study is modify the receptor of More

Background: Protective Antigen of Bacillus anthracis (PA) is a protein that binds to receptors on OF human body cells. There is special Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor on cancer cells and PA can not bind to them. The aim of this study is modify the receptor of PA with site directed mutagenesis that the protein can only be bind to the cancer cells. Material and methods: In this study, pMNA1 plasmid that contained PA gene was extracted and site directed mutagenesis done with SOE PCR on PA gene. Mutant gene cloned on pTZ57R vector directly and transformed into E. coli DH5α with CaCl2 method. Finally exiting of the gene and mutation on PA evaluated with PCR , digestion and sequencing.Results: PA gene separated with PCR and mutated with SOE PCR. Mutated PCR product cloned on pTZ57R vector and earned 5.1 kb plasmid. Recombinant plasmid evaluated with digestion and PCR. Mutation confirmed with sequencing. Conclsion: Cancer has a deadly disease. One of the methods for treaeting cancer using bacterial toxins. Therefore Using a modified PA protein that binds to the cancer cells can create new hope for cancer treatment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

47 - Identification of Biosurfactant-producing bacteria in petroleum contaminated soils in the city of Borujerd
Mohsen Mirzaei reza yari Morteza Cheloei

Background and Aim: Biosurfactant is a material valuable in industries such as oil, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, health food, medicine and agriculture industries. The aim of this study was to identify native biosurfactant-producing bacteria in oil contaminated soils. Mate More

Background and Aim: Biosurfactant is a material valuable in industries such as oil, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, health food, medicine and agriculture industries. The aim of this study was to identify native biosurfactant-producing bacteria in oil contaminated soils. Materials and Methods: Sampling of petroleum contaminated soils around the city of Borujerd was done. After dilution and the cultivation, a variety of bacteria isolated. By using multiple tests of specifying biosurfactant-producing bacteria such as hemolysis test in blood agar, emulsification index measurement, destruction of drops, expansion of crude oil, the amount of petroleum hydrocarbons have been parsed biosurfactant-producing bacteria were isolated from other bacteria. The strongest biosurfactant-producing bacterial species were selected according to the screening tests and then was inoculated in Bushnell-Haas Broth medium with gasoline in a shaking incubator. After biosurfactant production and purification of the colony, to identify the genus and species of bacteria, a series of biochemical tests along with PCR of district 16 srRNA and sequencing were performed. Results: With multiple experiments it was found the bacteria produce a significant amount of biosurfactant. After DNA sequencing, in the software review was found that more than 97% genetic similarities is between the bacteria and Bacillus subtilis. Conclusions: Due to the abundance of the bacteria in soil and its ability to produce biosurfactant and extent of oil pollution in Iran, the bacteria can be easily used to eliminate environmental pollution. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

48 - Isolation and Phylogenetic study of new amylase producing Bacillus strain from Ghainarjeh hot spring in East Azarbaijan
Sahar Hosseini Mehdi Ebrahimi Maasoumeh Mahdavi Ourtakand Khadijeh Pourdadash Roozbeh Yalfani

Background and objectives: Amylase is one of the important industrial enzymes, which is used in the food industry, detergent production, glucose, textile, and paper making. Bacillus spp. is considered as a major amylase producing microorganisms. The main objective of th More

Background and objectives: Amylase is one of the important industrial enzymes, which is used in the food industry, detergent production, glucose, textile, and paper making. Bacillus spp. is considered as a major amylase producing microorganisms. The main objective of this study is isolation and phylogenic study of amylase producing thermophile Bacillus spp. from Ghainarjeh hot sprin in East Azarbaijan. Materials and methods: Samples from water of Ghainarjeh hot spring were cultured on recommended mediums. The grown colonies were tested for amylase production and positive colony determined a gram positive Bacillus using morphological and microscopically characteristics. Selected colony was used for total genomic DNA extraction, 16S rRNA fragment amplification and sequencing was done according to standard procedures. The sequence of 16S rRNA was used for phylogenetic investigation using maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony methods. Results: According to the results from morphological and biochemical investigations, the isolate is a gram positive, spore forming Bacillus with ability for use glucose, fructose and sucrose but not galactose and lactose. This isolate was positive for endol, citrate and VP but negative for catalase and oxidase. Conclusion: The results of phylogenetic investigation from both method show that the amylase producing isolated Bacillus is a new member of Bacillus Subtilis spp. in this study a new member of Bacillus subtilis spp. with the ability in amylase production was successfully isolated. Manuscript profile

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49 - Determination of drug resistance of Lactobacillus acidophilus isolated from women's vaginal fluid has a history of abortion in Urmia
vahid tanhaei mahsa eghbalkhah kohnehshahri

Aim and Background: Lactobacilli are the most well-known natural vaginal flora that helps keep the vaginal acidic environment in the presence of hydrogen peroxide enzymes. Lactobacillus destroys pathogenic bacteria in the vagina through the production of hydrogen peroxi More

Aim and Background: Lactobacilli are the most well-known natural vaginal flora that helps keep the vaginal acidic environment in the presence of hydrogen peroxide enzymes. Lactobacillus destroys pathogenic bacteria in the vagina through the production of hydrogen peroxide. Materials and Methods: Among the patients referring to the medical centers of Urmia, 250 women with abortion history who were between 25 and 30 years of age were selected based on a questionnaire and a clinical examination and a sample was taken from them. 250 samples were taken from the vaginal area using sterile swabs and the presence of Lactobacillus acidophilus was confirmed by whiff test and biochemical tests. Then, the drug resistance and sensitivity of Lactobacillus acidophilus to 9 antibiotics cotrimoxazole, vancomycin, ceftazidime, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, ampicillin, piperacillin and colistin were studied. Results and Conclusion: from 250 samples, 238 samples (95.2%) had bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus and in 12 samples (4.8%) bacteria were not observed. All abortion patients are sensitive to cotrimoxazole, piperacillin, and clostin antibiotics. Also, all samples were resistant to the antibiotics vancomycin, imipenem, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin Manuscript profile

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50 - Effect of phytosterol and Bacillus coagulant probiotic in reducing blood cholesterol
Maryam Arjomandi far Bahareh Pakpour Rahebeh Amiri Dehkharghani

Target and background: In recent years, many studies have been conducted on high-risk factors for some blood lipids, which can lead to the development of cardiovascular diseases. The most important goal of this study is to investigate the effect of phytosterol and Bacil More

Target and background: In recent years, many studies have been conducted on high-risk factors for some blood lipids, which can lead to the development of cardiovascular diseases. The most important goal of this study is to investigate the effect of phytosterol and Bacillus coagulant probiotic on the reduction of blood cholesterol in adult rats. Material and Methods: 40 Male NMRI mice with a weight of 25-30g were used .The mouse were divided into 5 groups of 8, including: control group, HCD group (1% of the weight of the food consumed cholesterol diet), Experimental group 1 (daily, in addition to cholesterol diet, 0.1g of phytosterol Experimental group 2 (daily, in addition to cholesterol diet, 0.2g of Bacillus coagulant bacteria plus animal oil was gavaged), Experimental group 3 (daily, in addition to cholesterol diet, 0.1g combination of phytosterol and Bacillus coagulants probiotic were digested with germicidal oil). Sperry samples were taken from the blood samples at the end of the experiments, and cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL blood samples were measured and. Results: Cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL showed a significant decrease compared to the control group. Conclusion: According to the above results, it can be said that phytosterol and Bacillus coagulant probiotic simultaneously decrease blood lipids, and therefore, it is recommended to use this pump.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

51 - Investigating the essential oil of the medicinal plant Thymus (Thymus vulgaris L.) in the production of probiotic dairy products by determining the viability of bacteria
farah farahani Alireza Tammimi Mohammad Reza Khatami nejad

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the essential oil of the medicinal plant Thymus vulgaris L. in the production of probiotic dairy products by determining the viability. Materials and methods: Thyme essential oil is used as a flavoring agent More

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the essential oil of the medicinal plant Thymus vulgaris L. in the production of probiotic dairy products by determining the viability. Materials and methods: Thyme essential oil is used as a flavoring agent in the production of traditional and industrial dairy products (yogurt, buttermilk, and curd). To produce probiotic products and pasteurized dairy products, bacteria are inoculated and different concentrations of thyme essential oil (0, 25, 40, 70, 100 and 130 micrograms/ liter) are added to dairy products. The viability of bacteria in dairy products is checked at specific time intervals (0, 4, 8, 12 and 20 days). Findings: By increasing the concentration of thyme in traditional and industrial dairy products, there is a significant decrease in the logarithm of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium bacteria (P<0.05). The highest viability of bacteria was observed with low concentrations of thyme in traditional yogurt, and with moderate amounts of essential oil in buttermilk and traditional curd, within 20 days. The highest viability of bacteria is in yogurt and industrial butter with high concentration and in industrial curd with a decrease in the amount of essential oil. The highest viability of Bifidobacterium bacteria is found with high concentrations of thyme in yogurt, buttermilk and traditional curd (P<0.05), also with low concentrations of thyme in industrial yogurt and buttermilk, and with high concentrations in industrial curd. Conclusion: In industrial dairy products with thyme, the viability of Bifidobacterium bacteria is longer, and in traditional dairy products, the shelf life of Lactobacillus bacteria is longer. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

52 - Evaluation of the Effective Parameters on Fe3+ Precipitation in the Bioleaching Process
Monireh Zolfaghari Abbas Rashidi Ali Haghighi Asl

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Open Access Article

53 - Study about T4 Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Markazi Province Traditional Dairy Products and its Impact on Corticosterone Reducing in Male Wistar Rats
Adel abedi Parvaneh Jafarh Mohsen Zargar

Inroduction and Objective: Probiotics are live microorganisms that with the improvement of intestine microbial balance, enforce useful impacts on the host (human or animal) and are used as food supplements or pharmaceuticals. Today production of Probiotic products are More

Inroduction and Objective: Probiotics are live microorganisms that with the improvement of intestine microbial balance, enforce useful impacts on the host (human or animal) and are used as food supplements or pharmaceuticals. Today production of Probiotic products are worldwide.Functional charectristics of these microorganisms include: adjustment of immune system, decrease of cholesterol serum, digestive infections, cancer, dermal and food allergies in kids, vesica and ear infections and decrease of chronic and travel diarrhea. Researches have shown that by means of vagus nerves, food can impact on the brain and nervous hormones, so it is probable that with regulation of the action of brain’s different parts, probiotics can impact on the improvement of its function.Materials and Methods: In this research 40 male vistar rats with the average weight of 150-170 g and approximate age of 4 weeks were chosen for the investigation of the usage of these probiotic’s effects, and were placed accidentally in 4 groups and were exposed to stress for 4 weeks and treatment with bacterium T4 Daily. Results:The usage of probiotic bacterium T4 after 4 weeks has an effect on the decrease of stress in mice in a sensible manner(p Manuscript profile

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54 - Effect Of Lactobacillus plantarum (KC426951) Bacteria Isolated from the Intestine Of Rainbow Trout Guilan on Hematological Indices and Immune Of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) Fry
Afshin Ghaljaei fard hossein khara Alireza Shenavar Masoleh

Inroduction and Objective: The use of probiotics in aquaculture reduces the level of antimicrobial compounds (especially antibiotics), improve feed efficiency, strengthens the immune system, improve blood and the bacterial flora. The effects of the bacteria Lactobacillu More

Inroduction and Objective: The use of probiotics in aquaculture reduces the level of antimicrobial compounds (especially antibiotics), improve feed efficiency, strengthens the immune system, improve blood and the bacterial flora. The effects of the bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum (KC426951) isolated from the gut of rainbow trout Guilan province on some blood safety indicators examined the rainbow trout.Material and Methods:A total of 540 fry with an average weight 3/56±2/24 g (30 per treatment) were prepared. This study in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 3 replications for 60 days was investigated invivo.The treatment diets were: 106 (treatment 1), 107 (treatment 2), 108 (treatment 3), 109(treatment4) and 1010 (treatment5) CFU g-1 of lactobacillus plantarum and control treatment (treatment 6) without supplementation with probiotics was.Results: At the end of the experimental period,hematological and immune parameters were measured. Results showed that the highest levels of hematological indices contains WBC count in treatment 4, RBC count, Hb concentration blood , percent hematocrit , percent monocytes, percent eosinophils , MCHC in treatment 5, the MCV, MCH and percent eosinophils,in treatments 1 and percent neutrophilin controls, respectively. Also significant differences between treatments were examined, MCHC, MCH, percentage of monocytes and eosinophils were not observed(p>0.05). The highest levels of Immune factors , including Total serum immunoglobulins, IgM and Lysozym owned treatment 4 and lowest values are those belonging to the control group (pConclusions:The findings suggest that the scope of application of Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria can be dose 109 - 1010 CFU / g food bacteria that stimulate the immune system as introduced. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

55 - Detection Of Enterotoxigenic Bacillus cereus Isolated from Meat Products from Zanjan
Zahra Deilami Khiabani GHazaleh Shamsolmaali

Inroduction and Objective:Most of Bacillus cereus isolates can cause diarrhoeal and emetic types of food poisoning. The diarrhoeal illnesses can be caused by hemolysin BL (HBL), non-hemolytic (NHE) and cytotoxin K. Use of meat products is common nowadays. There is no pr More

Inroduction and Objective:Most of Bacillus cereus isolates can cause diarrhoeal and emetic types of food poisoning. The diarrhoeal illnesses can be caused by hemolysin BL (HBL), non-hemolytic (NHE) and cytotoxin K. Use of meat products is common nowadays. There is no precise report ofB. cereus contamination in Iran, therefore it is important to study in this case.Materials andMethods:80 meat products were collected form stores in Zanjan then the samples were cultured in PEMPA. Following the biochemical tests, the bacterial colonies were identified by PCR. Then B. cereus isolates were checked for NHE complex genes by specific primers using PCR.Results:Results showed that 32 samples of 80 were contaminated with B. cereus. The NHE complex genes were found in 14 samples.The results of this study have shown that NHE PCR is a prompt, reliable method for differentiation between non-enterotoxigenic and enterotoxigenic isolates of B. cereus. Conclusion:Enhancing awareness about virulence and prevalence of genes involved in food poisoning would be effective in the prevention of food poisoning Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

56 - The Effect Of Lactobacillus casei TD2 Iranian Native Probiotic on Blood Sugar Level in Diabetic Male Wistar Rats
Hamid Badkoube Parvaneh Jafari Neda Akbari

Inroduction and Objective: Diabetes is a state of chronic hyperglycemia due to lack of secretion of insulin or the inability of cells to use insulin to happen. Probiotics also have a variety of biological activities including anti-diabetic activity. The purpose of this More

Inroduction and Objective: Diabetes is a state of chronic hyperglycemia due to lack of secretion of insulin or the inability of cells to use insulin to happen. Probiotics also have a variety of biological activities including anti-diabetic activity. The purpose of this study is the effect of Lactobacillus on the glycemic index in diabetic rats.Materials and Methods:To perform thisexperiment, 40 male Wistar rats were used in the four groups: control group consisted of healthy, diabetic group, and groups including the control group receiving probiotics and probiotic diabetic groups were divided. Groups of diabetic rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin diabetic levels were 60 mg/kg. Daily for 21 days, Lactobacillus casei 109 cfu/ml TD2 as much as the gastric gavage to groups of mice were given. Finally, the blood glucose levels were evaluated.Results:The results showed that L. casei TD2 significantly (PConclusion:The results suggest that L. casei strain TD2 prevent an increase in serum glucose levels in diabetic mice, are effective. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

57 - Assessment the Effect OfLactobacillus casei Strain TD2NativeIranian Probiotic on Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) Secretion in Male Wistar RatsUnderChronic Restraint Stress Condition
Samane Yazdi Parvaneh Jafarei Neda Akbari

Inroduction and Objective: Almost any type of stress, whether physical or neurogenic,causes an immediate and marked increasein ACTH secretion and adrenocortical secretion of cortisol. Probiotics can be effectivein reducing the harmful effects of stress are inspired. Thi More

Inroduction and Objective: Almost any type of stress, whether physical or neurogenic,causes an immediate and marked increasein ACTH secretion and adrenocortical secretion of cortisol. Probiotics can be effectivein reducing the harmful effects of stress are inspired. This study aimed to assess the effect of Lactobacillus casei strain TD2, native iranian probiotic on adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion in male wistar rats under chronic restraint stress condition.Materials and MethodsFor this study, 40 male Wistar rats were selected the same age and approximate weight (110-130 gr). After a 2-week adaptation period, the rats were divided into four groups of ten, including two control groups and two trial groups randomly. The negative control group were gavage for 21 days with 1 ml phosphate buffer at neutral pH. Positive control group in addition to a daily gavage buffer, were placed for 15 minutes each day for chronic restraint stress on restrainer. First trial group was received per day of probiotic Lactobacillus casei TD2, while the second trial group in addition to probiotics, stress was received. After the test period, rats were anesthetized with ether and blood was taken by heart. By separating the plasma ACTH levels in the blood were measured using kits.Results:The results of this test and comparing positive and negative controls showed that during stress, hormone levels significantly increased treatment 2 It also became clear that receiving probiotics in second trial group caused a significant decrease in hormone concentration compared to the positive control.Conclusions:The results of this test indicate that the probiotic can reduce the negative effects of chronic stress and reduce ACTH hormone levels of blood significantly. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

58 - The Effect Of Bacillus brevis, Native Iranian Probiotic, on Secretion Of Thyroid Hormones T3, T4 in Male Wistar Rats under Chronic Restraint Stress Condition
ٍٍEffat Askari Mehr Parvaneh Jafari Neda Akbari

Inroduction and ObjectiveStudies have shown that stress has different effects on the body's endocrine system. Exposure to stressful conditions causes changes in thyroid hormone. With respect to the role of probiotics in reducing stress, the purpose of this study the eff More

Inroduction and ObjectiveStudies have shown that stress has different effects on the body's endocrine system. Exposure to stressful conditions causes changes in thyroid hormone. With respect to the role of probiotics in reducing stress, the purpose of this study the effects of probiotic Bacillus brevis native Iranian thyroid hormones T3, T4 in male rats under chronic restraint stressMaterials and Methods:In this experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats aged 4 weeks and weighing approximately 110-130 gr. After adaptation for 10 days, animals randomly divided into 4 groups. Negative and positive control groups daily-received 1 ml of PBS buffer with pH: 7.2 while positive control received chronic restraint stress (CRS) for 15 minutes each day. Two Trial Groups were daily gavage with 1 ml of PBS with Bacillus brevis (2×109 cfu/ml). Trial group 2 received CRS for 21 days of experiments. Animals killed at the end of experiment and blood samples took from their hearts. The levels of T3 and T4 hormones assayed in the serum samples using ELISA methods.Results:Results obtained from this test to compare 2 groups of negative and positive control showed that stress caused a significant reduction in levels of 0.05367± 0.001333 to 0.0444± 0.001288 is (PValue=0.0008). While T4 level in experimental group 1 compared with negative control group no significant difference was observed. (PValue = 00.0845). Levels of hormones T4 test group 2 compared with the positive control group increased(PValue 0.001).The amount of hormones T4 trial group 2 significantly greater than groups 1 so that the amount of hormone secretion from 0.05071 ± 0.0008921 to 0.0637 ± 0.01190 is reached(PValue 0.001).Therefore probiotics stress hormone T4 levels significantly increases the T3 no significant differences between groups were observed on.Conclusion: Probiotic Bacillus brevis T4 hormone levels in rats increases in stress conditions. The results of this study can be a contributing factor in the use of Bacillus brevis thyroid hormone levels may play an important role. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

59 - The Effect Of Lactobacillus casei TD2, Native Iranian Probiotic, On Corticosterone Hormone Secretion in Male Wistar Rats underChronic Restraint Stress Condition
Zahra Soltani Parvaneh Jafari Hamid Reza Azadegan Qhomi

Inroduction and Objective: Almost any type of stress, whether physical or neurogenic, causes increased secretion of cortisol from the adrenal. The connection between stress and the gut microflora have been showed by several studies and severely damaged gut microflora co More

Inroduction and Objective: Almost any type of stress, whether physical or neurogenic, causes increased secretion of cortisol from the adrenal. The connection between stress and the gut microflora have been showed by several studies and severely damaged gut microflora could cause stress and vise versa. Since Probiotics modulate the composition of the intestinal microflora , they plays an important role in ameliorating the side effects of stressMaterial and Methods: For this study, forty male wistar rats aged 12-14 weeks and weighed 110-130 gm was used. After a 2-week adaptation period, the rats were randomly divided into four group positive control, negative control (stress), trail 1 (probiotic) and trail 2 (probiotic with stress). Trail groups were administrated with 2×109 cells of Lactobacillus casei TD2, by oral gavage. Restraint stress was applied to the treated group for 15 minutes. After 21 days, rats were anesthetized with ether and blood samples were taken from heart. Then EIA kit is used for quantitative determination of corticosterone in plasmaResultsOur results showed that corticosterone level in positive group was significantly increased compare to negative control . It also became clear that receiving probiotics in second trial group caused a significant decrease in hormone concentration to 0.226 ± 0 005 mg/d compared to the positive control. Further examination of the results showed that the Trail 1 group had normal hormone levels compare to negative controlsConclusions:The results of these tests indicate that the probiotic Lactobacillus casei as a probiotic can reduce the negative effects of chronic stress and reduce corticosterone hormone levels of blood significantly Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

60 - Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Mannan Oligosaccharide on growth performance and some digestive factors in Oncorhynchus mykiss
محمد حامد نجفی انفرادی فلورا محمدی زاده مهدی سلطانی امیر هوشنگ بحری نجمه شیخ زاده

Inroduction & Objective: Growth and immunity resistance of fish are the most important factors in aquaculture. therefore, many types of research in probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics for improving growth and immunity in fish have been studied in the last years. More

Inroduction & Objective: Growth and immunity resistance of fish are the most important factors in aquaculture. therefore, many types of research in probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics for improving growth and immunity in fish have been studied in the last years. Materials and Methods: In this study, effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and MOSon growth performance, digestive enzymes activity and intestine morphology of Oncorhynchus mykiss were studied. Juvenile rainbow trout (n=270) in 6 administration  groups in 18  tanks were kept and fed with diets containing different doses (0.3 and 0.5 g kg-1 feed) of the probiotic,  (2 g kg-1 feed) of prebiotic, (0.3+2 and 0.5+ 2g kg-1 feed of probiotic and prebiotic respectively) and  a control group for 45 days. Results: Results showed a positive effect on growth performance  and digestive enzymes activity in probiotic (0.3 and 0.5 g kg-1 feed of probiotic) and synbiotic groups  compared to the control group(p<0.05). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

61 - Isolation and identification of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus coagulans from intestines of local chickens and its effect on ctxm and luxs gene expression in Escherichia coli pathogenic isolates
Zahra Elahianfiroz Majid baseri salehi Masoud Ghane

Inroduction & Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of probiotics isolated from local chickens on the expression of luxS, ctxM genes in resistant Escherichia coli.  Material and Methods: Biochemical tests of Escherichia coli samples w More

Inroduction & Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of probiotics isolated from local chickens on the expression of luxS, ctxM genes in resistant Escherichia coli.  Material and Methods: Biochemical tests of Escherichia coli samples were isolated and then the presence of luxS and ctxM genes was detected by PCR with specific primers. In order to extract the native strains of Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus subtilis, the intestinal contents of 9 local chickens were cultured, isolated and identified by biochemical and PCR methods. Results: Commercial strains of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus coagulans were isolated along with isolates of resistant Escherichia coli strains containing ctxm and luxs genes. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate gene expression. From 300 fecal samples taken, 40 isolates(7.5%) of Escherichia coli were obtained; Four Escherichia coli strains were isolated from patients carrying ctxM and luxS genes. Isolates of Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus subtilis were confirmed by molecular experiments. Decreased by 2.2 times, equal to the control group in Escherichia coli. Conclusion: The results of statistical analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between the presence of native and commercial probiotics in culture and reduced expression of ctxM and luxS genes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

62 - Evaluation of biocontrol potential of some Trichoderma and Bacillus species against the causal agent of Fusarium wilt of melons
Zaynolabedin Nurozei Kamran Rahnama Hojjatollah Rabbani nasab Misam Taqinasab

Three isolates of Trichoderma spp. and two isolates of bacillus bacterial were evaluated in biological control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp melonis the laboratory and greenhouse condition. Dual culture, antimicrobial metabolites, and vo More

Three isolates of Trichoderma spp. and two isolates of bacillus bacterial were evaluated in biological control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp melonis the laboratory and greenhouse condition. Dual culture, antimicrobial metabolites, and volatile metabolites were in invitro assay. Fungal pathogen colony area was recorded, compared with control and induced inhibition of growth was determined. The experiment displayed the antagonistic ability using dual culture simultaneous and dual culture un-simultaneous assays against fungal pathogen. Results showed that Trichoderma harzianum 6 whit 70% and T. viride10 whit 52.9 highest percentage of growth inhibition. Results of dual culture highest percentage of growth inhibition about 30.5 percent of isolates whit the Bacillus spp62 percent growth inhibit the growth factor. The volatile compounds Bacillus spp15 whit 12.37 percent of the precipitation was prevented from growing. In the treatment Bacillus spp62 and mixed two spice tin treatments at Trichoderma 14g1 respectively 84.93 and 84.95 were showed most effects on length growth of stem but most effects of increased fresh weight from up ground organ of plant, was mixed treatment as spices T. longibrachiatum and bacteria Bacillus spp.15. Most effects on root fresh weight were showed by Trichoderma harzianum. Most effect on stem dry weight T. viridae with T. harzianum. Most effects on increased dry weight were showed by Bacillus spp.15and T. harzianum. Results of the experiment show treatments have significantly different activity pathogen. Test average correspond were meant significant at 1% level by LSD test. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

63 - The effect of Bacillus thuringiensis, Carbaryl and Diflubenzuron independently and different combinations of them against the chickpea pod borer Heliothis viriplaca in the laboratory condition
Morteza Kahrarian

In this research the effect of Bacillus thuringiensis, Carbaryl and Diflubenzuronindependently and different combinations of them were tested against Helithis viriplaca HuFn. in laboratory conditions. In order to conduct bioassay experiments, the pupa were collected fro More

In this research the effect of Bacillus thuringiensis, Carbaryl and Diflubenzuronindependently and different combinations of them were tested against Helithis viriplaca HuFn. in laboratory conditions. In order to conduct bioassay experiments, the pupa were collected from the field and reared under controlled conditions. Third larval stage was used for bioassay experiments. In bioassay experiments the best concentration of compounds were selected individually and in combination using randomized block design. The laboratory tests showed that  Bt with concentration of 2600 ppm and 1900 ppm revealed the best result and Carbaryl with concentration of 1900 ppm and Bt with concentration 1600 ppm were in the second rank. The comparison of tested compounds individually and in combination showed that mixture of Carbaryl-Diflubenzuron-Bt, Carbaryl-Bt, and Diflubenzuron-Bt were better than other treatments (p≤ 0.01) and Crarbaryl and Diflubenzuron mixture had least effect with no statistical difference with Bt effect. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

64 - Comparison of the several biological, hormonal and chemical insecticides on Diamond Back Moth (DBM)
R. Nasiri J. Karimzadeh A. R. Jalalizand

The diamondback moth is one of the most destructive insect pests of cruciferous crops in worldwide especially in Iran that has shown major outbreak in cabbage and cauliflower fields in province Isfahan during recent years. This study aimed to investigate the performance More

The diamondback moth is one of the most destructive insect pests of cruciferous crops in worldwide especially in Iran that has shown major outbreak in cabbage and cauliflower fields in province Isfahan during recent years. This study aimed to investigate the performance of three bio-pesticides containing two commercial Bacillus turingiensisssp. kurstaki (Belthirul, LepinoxPlus) and one entomophagous fungus Beauveria bassiana (Naturalis), a hormonal insecticide (Atabron) and a chemical insecticide (Sumipleo) against this pest in the field. The experiment was conducted in 5 treatments in 4 replications in a randomized complete block sketch. Area of each plot was assigned about 50 square meters and the number of live larvae of the pest was counted on 10 plants in each plot on one day before and 5 and 10 days after spraying. The difference in mortality percentage between treatments was modified by Henderson-Tilton formula and analyzed by one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) The results showed significant differences between treatments for the mean mortality percentage on DBM larvae at 5 and 10 days after spraying. The highest and lowest mean mortality was seen in Sumipleo with 88.2% and 87.8% and Naturalis with 35.3% and 36.5% in 5 and 10 days after spraying, respectively. Also, results of Logistic analysis of deviance showed significant differences between treatments for the mean mortality percentage on DBM larvae at 5 and 10 days after spraying. Therefore Sumipleo had the highest performance in both 5 and 10 days after spraying with 88.3% and 88.6% mortality, respectively, and then Atabron (77%, 62.7%), Belthirul (67.8%, 71.9%), LepinoxPlus (71%, 72.4%) and finally Naturalis (37.9%, 43.7%) with lowest performance. Due to good performance and compatibility with natural enemies, lower hazard than chemical pesticide and the result of this study the biological pesticide Lepinox Plus and Belthirul are recommended against DBM. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

65 - Evaluation the effect of two products of Bacillus thuringiensis on Lymantria dispar L. (Lep., Lymantriidae) larvae in the Arasbaran forests, Iran
M. Nikdel R. Omid A. A. Dordaei

The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L. (Lep., Lymantriidae) is one of the most destructive pests of forest shrubs and trees throughout the Arasbaran region (East Azarbaidjan, Iran). The pest causes serious periodical damage on its host plant species, especially oak trees. More

The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L. (Lep., Lymantriidae) is one of the most destructive pests of forest shrubs and trees throughout the Arasbaran region (East Azarbaidjan, Iran). The pest causes serious periodical damage on its host plant species, especially oak trees. In this study, the effects of two formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis containing Btk (commercial product Dipel) and BtH (made in Iran) were evaluated on gypsy moth larvae. Results showed that there was a significant difference between Dipel and BtH. Dipel (1.2 g/L) and BtH (6 g/L) treatments caused maximum mortality 29.23% and 23.05%, respectively and 1.2 g/L dosage of BtH with average 13.61% caused the less mortality on the pest larvae. Mean comparison of L. dispar larvae mortality in different times after treatments (for both formulations) indicated that there was no significant difference between 1 and 3 days, but difference between those two mentioned days with 7 and 14 days was significant, so that the treatment effect increased with time.By comparing the number of parasitoid wasp and nematode emerged from treated survived larvae, the treatments effects on natural enemies was quite evident. Natural enemies emerged from larvae treated by 1.2 g/L, 3 g/L and 6 g/L dosage of BtH and Dipel were reduced 12.3, 34.7, 59.8 and 81.6 percent, respectively in comparison to control. In other words, by increasing the effectiveness of Bt treatments, the possibility of natural enemies emergence was reduced. In this regard, high concentrations of BtH and Dipel have the most impact in reduction of natural enemies emerging. Assessment of larval feeding on the treated leaves revealed that because of the rapid effects of Bt to 2nd instar larvae, there was no possibility to continue their feeding. But in the 4th instar larvae, because of slow effects of Bt, their feeding on leaves in some treatments continued for up to 100 percent. Thus, application of Dipel and high dosage BtH against 2nd instar larvae of the pest will be more effective than other treatments in Arasbaran forests. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

66 - Extraction of local isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis from the soils of Fars province and evaluation of their toxicity on larva of Plodia interpunctella (Hubner)
F. Tavangarzamin Sh. Hesami E. Moazamian Gh. r. Salehi Jouzani

Bacillu thuringiensis (Bt) produces crystalline proteins that are toxic to various insect species. In this study, Bt strains were isolated from the soils of some areas of Fars province and their toxicity on larva of Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) was investigated. For t More

Bacillu thuringiensis (Bt) produces crystalline proteins that are toxic to various insect species. In this study, Bt strains were isolated from the soils of some areas of Fars province and their toxicity on larva of Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) was investigated. For this purpose, 110 strains were isolated from the soils of Shiraz, Marvdasht, Fasa and Sarvestan. Initial identification of the isolates was carried out on the basis of Gram staining and morphological characteristics of protein crystals using phase-contrast microscopy. The protein crystals of the isolates were spherical and rhombic. Molecular analysis by PCR showed that 40 isolates of the collection were contained Cry1 gene.The isolatestoxicity was studied on third instar larvae of P. interpunctella. According to the results of this study, 2×108 sporeml-1 concentration after 72 hours was considered as the most effective treatment and the three isolates sh20, g44 and FA-16 had the highest mortality (53.33%, 80% and 73.33%, respectively) onlarva of Indian meal moth. Isolates g46-29, g45-5, TA22, 35b, and E8 were ineffective on the third instar larvae of Indian meal moth. In general, the bioassay results showed that the strains isolated from the soils of the study area had considerable toxic effect on Indian meal moth larvae. We hope that introducing these native isolates of Bt will be an important step to produce domestic biological pesticides. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

67 - Investigation on the effects of Bacillus thuringiensis var., Carbaryl and Diflubenzeron against the chickpea pod borer Heliothis viriplaca Hufn. (Lep., Noctuidae) in the field
M. kahrarian

The pod borer Heliothis viriplaca Hufn is one of the most serious pest of chickpea in the west of Iran. In this research the effect of Carbaryl, Diflubenzuron and Bacillus thuringiensis var. independently and in different combinations were tested against Helicoverpa vir More

The pod borer Heliothis viriplaca Hufn is one of the most serious pest of chickpea in the west of Iran. In this research the effect of Carbaryl, Diflubenzuron and Bacillus thuringiensis var. independently and in different combinations were tested against Helicoverpa viriplaca Hufn. in the field. Experiments were conducted at randomized block design. No significant different was           observad between Bt, mixture of Carbaryl and Diflubenzuron, mixture of Carbaryl and Bt, mixture of Carbaryl, Diflubenzuron,Bt and Carbaryl treatments (p≤ 0.01). All 7 treatments were       effective on the number of damaged pods, yield and 1000 seed weight. The non sprayed blocks had the highest percentage of damage (30%). The minimum amount of yield was obtained in treatment of Diflubenzuron (922 kg/ha) and checks (with mean 911.42 kg/h), the highest weight of 1000 seeds with 361.07 and 364.6 g from other treatments, respectively. These results showed that treatments had significant effect in the first 24 hours after spraying to control the pest and increase the yield. Although Carbaryl and mixture of Carbaryl and Diflubenzuron, had high mortality on the pest after 24 hours, no significant effect on the yield increase was observad. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

68 - Lethal Strength and Compatability of Bacillus thuringiensis with Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae in Stored Date Pest (Oryzaephilus surinamensis and Ephestia kuehniella) Control
Hadi Ostovan m. latifiyan نگار bahmani sh hesami

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

69 - Control of Rhizoctonia root rot of bell pepper in greenhouse using chemicals and biological fungicides
Maryam Shirmohammadi Ezatollah Sedaghatfar Reza Hejazi Hadi Rahanandeh

10.30495/plant.2022.699325

Bell pepper with the scientific name Capsicum annuum L. belongs to the Solanaceae family. Among the major pepper diseases, root rot caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani has the economic importance. The common method to control this disease is to use the chemical fung More

Bell pepper with the scientific name Capsicum annuum L. belongs to the Solanaceae family. Among the major pepper diseases, root rot caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani has the economic importance. The common method to control this disease is to use the chemical fungicides. In order to control Rhizoctonia root rot disease of bell pepper, a number of commercial biological agents based on Trichoderma harzianum, Glomus sp. mycorrhizal fungus, Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. bacteria and three chemical fungicides Tebuconazole, Copper oxychloride and Mancozeb were investigated in greenhouse conditions. The analysis of variance showed that the treatments had significant difference (P≤ 0.01) in all the examined traits. The mean comparisons of the treatments were evaluated based on disease inhibition traits including the length of the necrotic tissue with the largest wound and the disease index and plant growth promotion traits, including plant fresh weight, plant height, root dry weight and shoot dry weight. The treatments of negative control (no pathogen) and fungicide tebuconazole had the greatest effect on most of the traits, and the treatments of Potabarvar and Mycoroot and positive control (with pathogen) had the least effect. Among the biological control treatments, based on the lowest disease index and the lowest wound length, the combination of biological agents, Parsbacil, Probio96, Alkagreen, Trichoran-P and Tricho were ranked respectively. In the study of agricultural traits, biological treatments, combination of biological agents, Parsbacil and Probio-96 showed the highest values. In the management of this disease, apart from the chemical control method (Tebuconazole), the best option with a relatively similar statistical level was Parsbacill combination (SC) containing Bacillus velezensis strain M11-RTS, and Probio-96 containing Bacillus subtilis bacteria (P≤ 0.01). Manuscript profile

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70 - Isolation of local isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis from forest soils of Golestan province and evaluation of their toxicity on larva of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctouidae).
Marzieh Shazdehahmadi Seyed Afshin Sajjadi

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a Gram-positive, sporulate, soil-borne, aerobic and rod-shape bacteria which is the most important microbial control agent for agricultural pests such as Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera. Effective control of these pests is based on fin More

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a Gram-positive, sporulate, soil-borne, aerobic and rod-shape bacteria which is the most important microbial control agent for agricultural pests such as Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera. Effective control of these pests is based on finding and applying the native isolates of each country or region. The first step as the basic for research on Bt, is isolation of native strains and keeping of them as a gene bank of this bacteria. In this research, 24 samples of forest soils in different regions of Golestan province were screened using the method of selective Sodium acetate and 60 numbers isolates of obtained Bt. Initial soil samples were cultured on LBA medium culture and the initial selection of colonies were performed based on morphological shapes of Bt colonies on medium culture and final selection based on microscopical identification of their crystal proteins. In microscopical study, the most of isolates were formed bipyramidal (56/6 %). Then, Bioassay of these native strains on the third age of Helicoverpa armiger larvae was studied. The results of Bioassay evaluation showed that these isolates have significant toxicity effect on these larvae and showed about 55-80 percent mortality. Generally, the results of this research showed that the forest soils are a suitable source for finding effective isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis. Manuscript profile

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71 - Some of the genetic characterization of native Bacillus thuringiensis strains isolated from forest soil samples of Golestan province
marzyeh Shazdehahmadi syed afshin sajadi zain alabedin Shahadati Moghadam

Native strains of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) were isolated from forest soils of the different areas of Golestan Province and Cry and Vip genes, responsible of the effective toxin, were monitored. From a total of 42 soil samples examined through selective sodium acetate More

Native strains of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) were isolated from forest soils of the different areas of Golestan Province and Cry and Vip genes, responsible of the effective toxin, were monitored. From a total of 42 soil samples examined through selective sodium acetate detention, 160 Bt isolates were separated. After planting the colonies, specific staining and microscopic identification were observed in 40% of isolates crystalline proteins that are toxic to many insects. Molecular study showed that in 12 isolates, gene Cry1 existed. Genetic structure tests for presence of 3 gene Cry1A (including Cry1Ac, Cry1Ab, Cry1Aa) and genes Cry1I, Cry1F, Cry2, Cry 9, Vip3Aa was carried out using the 8 pair of specific primers. Genes Cry1Ab, Cry2, Cry F were observed in all isolates, but the genes of Cry1Aa, Cry1I, Cry1Ac had very low frequency (Lower than 20%) or not found in any of the isolates. The results of this research could be very useful for tracking native Bt isolates that contain effective crystalline proteins for insects Manuscript profile

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72 - Bioassay study of two native Iranian isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis (YD5 and 81) on Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say
Maryam Mahdavi Mohammad Reza Rezapanah Ghadir Nouri Ghanbalani3 Gholamreza Salehi Jozani Neda Kheradpir

Bioassay of two native isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis (YD5 and 81) on Colorado potato leaf beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) as a serious pest of potato crop was performed. Variance analysis and mean comparison of the mortality percent More

Bioassay of two native isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis (YD5 and 81) on Colorado potato leaf beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) as a serious pest of potato crop was performed. Variance analysis and mean comparison of the mortality percentage showed significant difference between standard isolates and native isolates in all the concentration. Although native isolates showed no acceptable results, there are some hopes to use them in higher concentrations. Manuscript profile

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73 - Biological differences between Iranian isolates Bacillus thuringiensi from Yazd and Booshehr provinces on Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)
Samaneh Khairi Mohammad Reza Reza Panah Mahmood Shojaei Gholamreza Salehi Jozani Neda Kheradpir

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), belonged to Bacillaceae is one of the most important pathogenic bacteria and considered as an effective biological control agent in many pest management programs. This species can be an applied replacement for chemical pesticides. Diverse po More

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), belonged to Bacillaceae is one of the most important pathogenic bacteria and considered as an effective biological control agent in many pest management programs. This species can be an applied replacement for chemical pesticides. Diverse potentials of Bt on different pest species have emerged from not only its diverse serotypes, but also varied isolates. Helicopverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a serious cotton pest with different plant host species. In this study, mortality rate of the pest larvae by two Iranian native isolates of Bt, from Yazd (YD5) and Boushehr (BR4) farmland was assessed. Then LC50 for each isolate on neonates obtained. Dipel was used as the control. Bioassay result showed that LC50 for Dipel, YD5 and BR4 were 68.2864 spore/ml, 48× 106 spore/ml and 77× 1012 spore/ml, respectively. YD5 showed partial higher performance in comparison to other native isolate. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

74 - Study of biological differences between two native Iranian isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis from Kordestan and Golestan provinces on Helicoverpa armigera Hubner
Samaneh Kheyri Mohammadreza Rezapanah Mahmood Shojaee Gholamreza Salehi Jozani Neda Kheradpir

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

75 - The study of biological differences between two native isolates of Bacillus thuringinesis (KH4 and GN9) on potato leaf beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Maryam Mahdavi Mohammad Reza Reza Panah Ghadir Nouri Ghanbalani Gholamreza Salehi Jozani Neda Kheradpir

Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say has numerous hosts as a serious potato pest. There are several biological control agents which are used to control the pest and Bacillus thuringiensis can be the most important. In order to estimate the LC50, this stu More

Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say has numerous hosts as a serious potato pest. There are several biological control agents which are used to control the pest and Bacillus thuringiensis can be the most important. In order to estimate the LC50, this study started by the bioassay performed with the standard cultured isolate from the Custom BC sample. The concentration killing 50% of larva population was assessed as 2506.63 CFU/ml. Probit statistical software was used to show the difference among native and standard isolates in a complete random design. Two native isolates (KH4 and GN9) were used as treatments. The variance analysis and comparing the mean mortality percentage of Colorado potato beetle in second instar larvae demonstrated a significant difference between treatments and the standard isolate in all the concentrations. The standard isolate had the highest mortality percentage of 62% and the native isolates showed less than 5% of mortality. It is understood that the selection of the proper concentration (about LC50) and comparison of the mortality percentage in that concentration is an appropriate method for the screening the isolates and make a lot of time and money saved. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

76 - Production of Probiotic Fermented Beverage Based on Mixture of Sweet Cherry, Red
Mahdieh Sadat Azarfam Mahnaz Hashemiravan Simin Asadollahi

Currently, probiotic products in the market are often made up of probiotic dairy products, but in recent years, demand for probiotic products has increased on the basis of non-dairy products. The purpose of this study was to produce probiotic fermentation based on a mix More

Currently, probiotic products in the market are often made up of probiotic dairy products, but in recent years, demand for probiotic products has increased on the basis of non-dairy products. The purpose of this study was to produce probiotic fermentation based on a mixture of cherry juice, red grapes and barberry with different percentages of 2.5, 3.75, 5, 10 and 15 percent using Lactobacillus casei with 108 and 107 cfu/mL densities. It was kept at 4°C for 28 days. Physiochemical properties, microbial and sensory evaluation. Juice produced at the time of production, the first second third and fourth weeks was evaluated. Data was analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan's multi-domain tests at 95 percent level. The results showed that pH and drink acidity increased significantly during shortage (p< 0.05). The most priobotic viable bacteria was treated with A1B2 containing 10 percent cherry juice 5 percent grape juice and 5 percent barberry juice with 108 cfu/mL) after 28 days of storage Sensory evaluation results were reduced at all maintenance times with increasing storage time. After 28 days of storage, the highest total acceptance rating belonged to A1B2 treatment containing 10 percent cherry juice. 5 percent grape juice and 5 percent barberry juice with 108 cfu/mL) and with the highest population of Lactobacillus casei this treatment was introduced as the best treatment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

77 - Production of probiotic beverage based on mixture of Red grape juice and Malt extract
Hosain Rahimi Majd Mahnaz Hashemiravan Rezvan Pourahmad

Increase monosaccharides and disaccharides to substrate of fermented probiotic productions intensify growth several probiotics. Malt extract, the result of fracture of starch duration malting comprise high maltose, intensify truly growth of probiotics. In this study, pr More

Increase monosaccharides and disaccharides to substrate of fermented probiotic productions intensify growth several probiotics. Malt extract, the result of fracture of starch duration malting comprise high maltose, intensify truly growth of probiotics. In this study, production of beverage based on mixture of malt extract and red grape juice, by Lactobacillus casei carried out. Bacterial growth, pH, titratable acidity, brix and checked during fermentation and 28 days of cold storage at 4°C. For production of probiotic fermented mixture of malt extract and red grape juice, was prepared the microbial Lactobacillus casei suspension with initial concentration about 108 cfu/ml and added from microbial suspension to the nature of malt extract with 4, 6, 8% concentrations and red grape juice with 15, 20% concentrations. This juice incubated at 37°C for 72 hours. Data analysis was conducted based on completely randomized design, means compared by Duncan test, contained 7 treatments and was repeated 3 times. Bacteria growth and titratable acidity in mixture of malt extract and red grape juice could increase, but pH and brix decrease (p<0.05). The sample of contained 20% red grape juice, 6% malt extract and 108 cfu/ml of Lactobacilius casei was considered as the best treatment. This samle had the optimum rates of cell viability during 4 weekes of cold storage at 4 °C in The Standard range. Totally the outcomes of this study revealed that mixture of malt extract and red grape juice are a suitable substrate for the growth of lactic acid bacteria and production of functional beverage. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

78 - Possibility of producing and evaluating physicochemical and sensory properties of probiotic drinks based on apple juice concentrate and malt extract
Atiyeh Nasseri Mahnaz Hashemiravan Rezvan Pourahmad

AbstractProbiotics are living microorganism inhibiting the activating of harmful pathogens via establishing in the intestinal medium. Most probiotic products presented in the market are probiotic dairy products, however, in recent year, demand for non-dairy probiotic pr More

AbstractProbiotics are living microorganism inhibiting the activating of harmful pathogens via establishing in the intestinal medium. Most probiotic products presented in the market are probiotic dairy products, however, in recent year, demand for non-dairy probiotic products has grown. The objective of this study was to produce a probiotic drink containing different concentrations of apple concentrate (20, 30, 40 %) and malt extract (2, 4, 6 %) using Lactobacillus casei ( 106 and 107 cfu/ml) over 28d storage at 4°𝑐. physicochemical (pH, acidity, Brix and total suger), microbial (probiotic bacterial count) and sensory (flavor, aroma, bitterness, sweetness, naturality, color and appearance, thickness, turbidity and total acceptance) properties were measured when produced, 27 h after production, during 1st, 2nd,3rd and 4th weeks by 5 trained panelists as 18 treatments with a control sample in triplicate. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21 software and multirange Duncan test at 95% and diagrams were drawn by Excel 2013. The results showed that pH, Brix value, and bacterial viability decreased and acidity increased significantly (p≤ 0.05) Overtime. The highest viability after 28 days was found for A3B2C3 (40% apple concentrate + 6% malt extract, 107 cfu/ml). Sensory evaluation showed a decrease and given the microbial population higher than the standard level for probiotic products (106 cfu/ml) and total acceptance A2B1C1 (2% malt extract + 30% apple concentrate, 10 6 cfu/ml) was selected as the superior treatment.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

79 - Isolation and identification of lactobacilli from Iranian olive samples
Sheida Ghadiry-Afshar Roozbeh Yalfani Mehdi Ebrahimi

Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host and they can prevent from or cure some diseases. Most probiotics are strains of Bifidobacterium or Lactobacillus species. The Lactobacillus genu More

Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host and they can prevent from or cure some diseases. Most probiotics are strains of Bifidobacterium or Lactobacillus species. The Lactobacillus genus consists of a genetically and physiologically diverse group of rod-shaped, Gram-positive, non-spore forming, non-pigmenetd, catalase negative and microaerophilic to strictly anaerobic. Olive green is one of the oldest plant which used as an important food and has a key role in health, prevention and control of digestive, blood, and heart disease. It may be a proper carier for transporting of probiotics. Therefore, this property of olive green evaluated. In this study, 16 olive sample (packed, unpacked, and crude) were prepared to isolation of Lactobacilli. After isolation of total bacteria, morphological, cultural, and biochemical tests were used to identification of lactobacillus species. Finally, 4 strain of Lactobacillus plantarum and 1 strain of Lactobacillus acidophilus were identified. Our results shows that, in addition to many food advantages, olive green can be a carrier of probiotics. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

80 - The comparison of compositional and sensory traits of heated non-carbonated doogh supplemented with Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus single strains containing maltodextrin
Hojat Norozi Alireza Shahab Lavasani Mohammadreza Eshaghi

Addition of prebiotic and also some compositions which can affect survival rate of probiotic strain is considerable several years ago. So, in this study, production of heated and non-carbonated probiotic doogh and study of its chemical composition and sensorial properti More

Addition of prebiotic and also some compositions which can affect survival rate of probiotic strain is considerable several years ago. So, in this study, production of heated and non-carbonated probiotic doogh and study of its chemical composition and sensorial properties were explored. Five treatments were prepared, T1 as a control sample without probiotic strain and maltodextrin, T2 and T4 containing 1 and 2% of maltodextrin respectively and 108 cfu/ml Lactobacillus acidophilus, T3 and T5 containing1 and 2% of maltodextrin respectively and 108 cfu/ml Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Results showed that treatments containing higher concentrations of maltodextrin had more survival rate during storage, however survival rate of Lactobacillus rhamnosus was higher than Lactobacillus acidophillus during storage period. Acidity (dornic) was increased during 10 days of storage period. Sensory evaluation showed control sample and T2 samples had highest score and acceptability among all treatments, however, on the basis of obtained results, T2 was the highest similarity to control sample and was the best among other treatments. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

81 - Production of bioplastics by bacilli isolated from the landfill of waste and sewage in Golestan province
Amin Lotfvarzi seyed Taleb houseini Ali Bagheri hashem abad Hamid reza Pordeli Farhad Yolmeh Ania Ahani azari

Millions of tons of plastics are produced annually in the world, which are very durable and take hundreds of years to decompose on their own. Bioplastics are a special type of plastic that is produced from sources of vegetable oils, starches, cellulose or bacterial deri More

Millions of tons of plastics are produced annually in the world, which are very durable and take hundreds of years to decompose on their own. Bioplastics are a special type of plastic that is produced from sources of vegetable oils, starches, cellulose or bacterial derivatives and is very different from ordinary plastics in this regard, which will be a good alternative to plastics in the future. 70 samples were collected from waste recycling site, cultured and purified on nutrient agar and these samples were stained with blue indigo staining method to detect polyhydroxy butyrate (PHB) generating isolates And cultured for 2 days at 37 ° C in Minimal Broth Davis medium.After placing the samples on the slide and staining according to the intensity of the color that was created, it was used to produce bioplastics. The results of this study showed that the microorganism Bacillus cereus produces abundant poly-3-hydroxybutyrate in both environments (wastewater and soil), which is used to produce bioplastics on both laboratory and industrial scales. According to the results, the production of bioplastics is possible through bacilli isolated from bacterial isolates. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

82 - Immobilization of Bacillus alkalitelloris in agar for alpha-amylase enzyme production
Marjan Alimohamadiyan Mehdi Ebrahimi Sahar Honarmand Jahromi

Due to the high consumption of amylase, the use of amylase-producing strains and optimizing the production conditions of this enzyme is an efficient way to produce this enzyme. Due to the fact that the amylase gene of Bacillus alkalitelluris has not been identified so f More

Due to the high consumption of amylase, the use of amylase-producing strains and optimizing the production conditions of this enzyme is an efficient way to produce this enzyme. Due to the fact that the amylase gene of Bacillus alkalitelluris has not been identified so far, it is important to achieve stable enzyme production conditions by the bacteria that produce these enzymes. One of the most important methods is to immobilization of the bacteria in suitable support so that the ability of these bacteria to produce enzymes is maintained. In this study, Bacillus alkalitelluris was first cultured in LB broth culture medium containing starch. The bacteria were then immobolized on agar and the amount of enzyme produced was measured using the DNS method. Finally, the amount of enzyme production when re-use stabilized cells in successive cultures was evaluated. According to the results, the bacterium Bacillus alkalitelluris immobilized in agar support is still able to produce alpha-amylase enzyme. Maximum alpha-amylase production was obtained after 24 hours. In addition, the immobilized bacteria remain after 4 times of changing the culture medium and are able to produce amylase enzyme so that up to 72 hours no significant change in enzyme production is observed. Due to the fact that the immobilized of Bacillus alkalitelluris in agar leads to the maintenance of alpha-amylase production capacity, so this method can be used in mass production of amylase enzyme. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

83 - Isolation and identification of soil-borne bacteria with the effect of Fusarium oxysporum ioinhibition in tomato plants
Maryam Safdarian Jamshid Razmjoo

10.30495/zisti.2023.1983549.1159

Introduction: Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is an alternative to chemical pesticides against harmful microorganisms especially soil-borne diseases. Fusarium oxysporum is one of the important pathogenic fungi of tomato wilt that causes serious damage to agr More

Introduction: Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is an alternative to chemical pesticides against harmful microorganisms especially soil-borne diseases. Fusarium oxysporum is one of the important pathogenic fungi of tomato wilt that causes serious damage to agricultural products.Purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the inhibition of the growth of Fusarium oxysporum with bacteria isolated from soil in laboratory conditions.Materials and methods: In order to isolate biological inhibitors, isolates were screened based on the ability to auxin and phosphorus solubilization, siderophore production and fungal growth inhibition. Molecular identification of selected isolates was done by 16SrDNA gene amplification. Investigating the ability of bacteria to control the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. It was done under greenhouse conditions.In this study, to screen successful bacterial isolates, the inhibition of pathogen growth was evaluated in-vitro.Results: Moreover,. Among the 80 isolates studied, seven isolates had the ability to produce auxin, ten isolates had the ability to P solubility, six isolates had the ability to produce siderophore, and seven isolates had the ability to inhibition pathogen growth. Among the isolates 56 and 83 had the highest amount of auxin production and the P solubility and the fungal growth inhibition. Multiple alignment of the 16SrDNA sequence of two selected bacteria with other 16SrDNA sequences in the NCBI gene bank showed that isolates 56 and 83 with 98 and 99.9 percent similarity belong to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus atrophaeus, respectively.Conclusion: Among the isolates, seven isolates in vitro conditions showed a good ability to inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum. In greenhouse experiments, all 5 isolates as significantly (P<0.05) they controlled the disease, and the most control was related to isolate 56.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

84 - Diversity of Bacillus species isolated from biofilm of raw milk tankers and dairy processing equipments
َA. Ansari S. Hanifian

Bacillus is the dominant genus encloses gram-positive spore-formers that some are considered as a threat to the quality of foods and consumers’ health. This study aimed to explore the occurrence of Bacillus species in raw milk tankers and dairy processing equipmen More

Bacillus is the dominant genus encloses gram-positive spore-formers that some are considered as a threat to the quality of foods and consumers’ health. This study aimed to explore the occurrence of Bacillus species in raw milk tankers and dairy processing equipments as well as to examine the biofilm-forming ability of the isolates. For this reason, a total of 80 samples consisting of 30 samples obtained from raw milk tankers, 30 samples of dairy processing equipments and 20 samples from various surfaces of the production plant was collected. According to the results, 16.66% of the samples obtained from raw milk tankers, 20% of dairy processing equipments and 40% of surface samples were found positive for Bacillus species. Various species of the Bacillus were found; amongst B. cereus with 36% and B. aloe and B. pumilus with 4% occurrence rate, were the most and least abundant species, respectively. Results of biofilm production revealed that 96% of the isolates were capable of producing biofilm. Eventually, it was concluded that conventional CIP procedure is unable to entirely remove the biofilm of Bacillus species from dairy plant surfaces. Hence, there is a need for a new approach to conquer the problem. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

85 - Increasing the shelf life of minced chicken using two Lactobacillus species and EDTA
fariba zeynali ندا علی عباسی جواد علی اکبرلو

Lactobacilli are known to have an inhibitory effect on the growth of a wide range of food spoilage and foodborne pathogens. The present study was conducted to evaluate the combined effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus + Lactobacillus plantarum (5 logs cfu/g) and also the More

Lactobacilli are known to have an inhibitory effect on the growth of a wide range of food spoilage and foodborne pathogens. The present study was conducted to evaluate the combined effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus + Lactobacillus plantarum (5 logs cfu/g) and also the combined effect of Lactobacillus plus EDTA (50 mM) on the shelf life of chicken breast meat. Treatments were grouped into the following: 1. without Lactobacillus and EDTA (C); 2. with Lactobacillus without EDTA (AP); 3. with Lactobacillus and EDTA (APE). Samples were stored at 4 ± 1°C and evaluated periodically for microbial counts (aerobic mesophilic count, coliform count and psychrotrophic count). Microbial analysis indicated that using of Lactobacillus species and Lactobacillus + EDTA had significant effects (p<0.05) in reducing the mesophilic, coliform and psychrotrophic counts, with the at least 1day extension of shelf life. Treatments with Lactobacillus species and Lactobacillus + EDTA showed lower pH values than the control sample. The results showed that application of Lactobacillus + EDTA in compared with the combined Lactobacillus species had more effect in reducing the growth of spoilage bacteria during refrigerated storage. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

86 - The evaluation of probiotic Kashk properties in hot filling condition containing microencapsulated Lactobacillus rhamnosus
S. sekhavatizadeh M. aminlari H.R. Gheisari S. shekarfroosh M. Golmakani

10.30495/jfh.2019.545852

Kashk is one of the most popular fermented products in Iran which is produced and packaged in the hot filling mode. Due to the sensitivity of probiotic bacteria to heat, so far, there is no attempt to produce probiotic Kashk. Therefore, in this project, two-layered extr More

Kashk is one of the most popular fermented products in Iran which is produced and packaged in the hot filling mode. Due to the sensitivity of probiotic bacteria to heat, so far, there is no attempt to produce probiotic Kashk. Therefore, in this project, two-layered extrusion microencapsulation technique by alginate and Zedo gum was applied to Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Acidity, color, texture, sensory parameters and bacterial viability were evaluated. The results showed that the acidity was constant during the 60th day of storage time about 211‌°‌D in the control sample and‌193 °‌D in the probiotic sample. The free bacteria had not survived after the hot filling process in the Kashk sample, but the probiotic sample had a standard limit for the probiotic product until the 14th day of storage time. On the 60th day, general view, flavor, acceptance, and viscosity as sensory parameters in the control Kashk sample had a higher rating than the probiotic one. ΔE was 4.8 and 2.62 in control and probiotic Kashk, respectively. Except for cohesiveness, the other texture parameters increased at the beginning of the storage period and remained relatively constant during the time in control and probiotic Kashk samples. Therefore, according to the results of this research, the two-layered microencapsulated L. rhamonosus survived for 14 days as the recommended minimum limit of 6 log CFU/g bacteria for probiotic products and control Kashk had a shelf life of 60 days. Thus, this technique can be used as an effective method for the survival of probiotic bacteria in Kashk. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

87 - Isolation and enumeration of Bacillus cereus in raw milk distributed in Tabriz, Iran and detection of ces gene among the isolates
Mahdieh Heydarzadeh afshin Javadi

Bacillus cereus is a gram-positive and spore-forming bacterium which is widely distributed in nature. It also has been known as a major food borne pathogen that often plays a role in the contamination of ready-to-eat and dairy products. It causes two different types of More

Bacillus cereus is a gram-positive and spore-forming bacterium which is widely distributed in nature. It also has been known as a major food borne pathogen that often plays a role in the contamination of ready-to-eat and dairy products. It causes two different types of food poisoning in human: the diarrheal type and the emetic type. The aim of this study was to isolate and enumerate B. cereus in raw milk distributed in the stores of Tabriz city, Iran and to detect ces gene among the isolates. For this purpose, 120 samples of raw milk were randomly selected from the stores during February to June 2017. They were transferred to the Laboratory of food hygiene under sterile conditions in order to isolate, identify and enumerate B. cereus according to the national standard method of Iran and PCR. According to the results of microbial culture, out of 120 samples of raw milk, 13 (10.83%) samples were contaminated with B. cereus and the mean rate of contamination was 2.8 log10/ml. PCR results showed that of 13 positive samples, 12 (92.3%) samples contained ces gene which is responsible for vomiting. The results of this study showed that raw milk has the potential for human intoxication by B. cereus; and the use of procedures to reduce the bacterial contamination during the processing of dairy product is required. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

88 - Effect of psyllium husk powder on the viability of Lactobacillus casei in Doogh
S. Nikzad S. Bahramian

10.30495/jfh.2019.545854

The seed husk of psyllium (Plantago ovate Forsk) has a long history of use as a dietary fiber supplement and in traditional herbal medicine, it has been used for treating various disorders. It has an important role in lowering blood cholesterol and has potential to stim More

The seed husk of psyllium (Plantago ovate Forsk) has a long history of use as a dietary fiber supplement and in traditional herbal medicine, it has been used for treating various disorders. It has an important role in lowering blood cholesterol and has potential to stimulate bacterial growth in digestive system. Therefore, in the present study psyllium husk powder (PHP) at amount of 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75% was added to Doogh samples and its influence on viability of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus casei was investigated. In addition, the amount of serum separation, pH and sensory properties of this product were studied. Results showed that in the presence of husk powder the growth of Lactobacillus casei has been increased insignificantly. The pH values of the all Doogh samples reduced during 14 days of storage but psyllium husk did not affect the pH even at 0.75% concentration. The addition of PHP increased the consistency, resulted in a reduction in the rate of phase separation. Sensory evaluation revealed that the sample containing 0.25% psyllium powder had more acceptability than others. According to the results, addition of PHP at amount of 0.25% in the presence of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus casei for production functional Doogh product is recommended. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

89 - Production of functional beverage of grape juice and lemon skin distilment contained Bacillus coagulans
Z.S. Jaddi A. Ahmadi-Dastgerdi R. Sharafati-Chaloshtori

10.30495/jfh.2020.671218

Nowadays consumers' interest in processed foods such as probiotic beverages is increasing. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to produce a beverage made from sour grape juice and sour lemon peel containing Bacillus coagulans. In this experimental study, grape juic More

Nowadays consumers' interest in processed foods such as probiotic beverages is increasing. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to produce a beverage made from sour grape juice and sour lemon peel containing Bacillus coagulans. In this experimental study, grape juice and sour lemon peel were prepared. Treatments containing 12 (treatment 1) and 9 (treatment 2) percent grape juice plus 25% lemon peel sweat and 107 CFU/ml of Bacillus coagulans were prepared. The results showed that the acidity decreased during storage and the pH decreased. Brix and alcohol also had a steady trend. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties were higher in samples containing 12% grape juice than in samples containing 9% juice (p < 0.05). During the storage period, the amount of phenolic compounds decreased. The antioxidant property also decreased with time, with the effect of treatment 1 from 153.4 to 97.72 mmol Fe+2/g and in treatment 2 from 123.35 to 80.52 mmol Fe+ 2/g. The results showed that after 90 days, the treated beverages were free of microbial contamination (Coliforms, Escherichia coli, mold and yeast). The bacillus coagulans count was not less than 107 CFU/ml. Sensory results showed that the overall acceptance of treatment 1 was more than treatment 2 but there was no significant difference between the two groups. According to the results, our best treatment was 12% grape juice with 25% lemon sour skin and 107 CFU/ml Bacillus coagulans. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

90 - Biochemical and antimicrobial properties of bacterial endophytes isolated from yarrow (Achillea millefolium) and tragacanth (Astragalus Gossypium) in Fars geographical regions
Z. Erjaee S.S. Shekarforoush S. Hosseinzadeh

10.30495/jfh.2019.669288

Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) and tragacanth (Astragalus Gossypium) are medicinal plants in the Middle East that have been used for medical purposes. The presence of endophytic bacteria in the medicinal plants has been recently focused by many researchers. Endophytes ar More

Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) and tragacanth (Astragalus Gossypium) are medicinal plants in the Middle East that have been used for medical purposes. The presence of endophytic bacteria in the medicinal plants has been recently focused by many researchers. Endophytes are bacteria and fungi in the inner parts of the plant tissues which in addition to their benefits for the plants, contain effective bioactive compounds. In this research, endophytic bacteria were isolated from yarrow and tragacanth. Their antifungal and antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Escherichia coli (ATTC 35218), Salmonella Typhimurium(ATCC 14028), Listeria monocytogenes (PTCC 1163) and Aspergillus niger (PTCC 5154) were assessed using disk diffusion method. Bacteria having antimicrobial activity were further identified by 16S rDNA, biochemical characteristics and enzyme activities. The bacteria isolated from yarrow and tragacanth were found as Bacillus safensis and Bacillus pumilus, respectively. These isolates showed inhibitory effects against the tested fungi. B. safensis could ferment D- glucose, sucrose, mannitol, and lactose. The activities of oxidase, catalase, gelatinase, protease, and amylase enzymes were also investigated. B. pumilus could only ferment D-glucose and represented the activities of oxidase, catalase, and amylase. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

91 - Effect of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus acidophilus on the survival of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in lactic cheese and its qualitative characteristics
R. farahi ashtiani SH. ShekarForoush H.R. Gheisari S. Basiri M.H. Eskandari

10.30495/jfh.2020.671113

Some probiotic microorganisms can prevent the growth of pathogenic microorganisms in addition to improve the intestinal microbial balance. In this study, the qualitative characteristics and viability of two foodborne pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus and Escher More

Some probiotic microorganisms can prevent the growth of pathogenic microorganisms in addition to improve the intestinal microbial balance. In this study, the qualitative characteristics and viability of two foodborne pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) lactic cheese were investigated. For this purpose, in the first stage, four types of lactic cheese (60 samples) were produced as probiotics (containing Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus acidophilus) and non-probiotic with 3 and 4.5% fat milk in three replicates, and the quality parameters were evaluated at days 0, 14, 28, 42 and 56. Then, 12 types of lactic cheeses [(probiotic/non-probiotic) fat percentage (3 and 4.5%) and pathogenic microorganisms (absence, presence of Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli)] (180 samples) were prepared and the viability of pathogenic microorganisms in the presence of probiotic was evaluated on days 0, 7, 14, 28 and 35. The addition of probiotics to lactic cheese significantly reduced fatty acid oxidation and increased acidity and volatile nitrogen compounds (P < 0.05). The addition of probiotics to high-fat cheeses increased non-protein nitrogen compounds but decreased in low-fat cheeses. The addition of probiotic to lactic cheese significantly reduced the growth of S. aureus and E. coli (P < 0.05). Increasing fat percent did not show a significant effect on bacterial growth inhibition by probiotics (P < 0.05). Due to the effects of adding probiotics on decreasing the pathogenic bacterial growth and not significantly altering the sensory properties of lactic cheese, it is recommended to use these probiotics in the production of low-fat lactic cheese.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

92 - Effect of Aloe vera gel on chemical, sensorial and viability of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum in low fat ice cream
S. Rouhzadeh S. Bahramian

10.30495/jfh.2020.1874901.1224

Among dairy products, ice cream is very popular all over the world. Therefore, in this research, the possibility of producing probiotic ice cream containing Aloe vera gel was investigated. For this purpose, Aloe vera gel at concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% was add More

Among dairy products, ice cream is very popular all over the world. Therefore, in this research, the possibility of producing probiotic ice cream containing Aloe vera gel was investigated. For this purpose, Aloe vera gel at concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% was added to ice cream samples and its effect on the survival of Lactobacillus plantarum was investigated. Besides, some chemical and sensory properties of ice cream were evaluated. The results of this study showed that the addition of Aloe vera gel did not have any significant effect on the acidity, moisture, and fat content of probiotic ice cream samples, but the microbial count and sensory properties of this product were significantly (p < 0.05) affected. During storage, in the samples containing 10% and 15% Aloe vera gel, the number of probiotic bacteria increased to 8.15 and 8.19 log CFU/ml, respectively. The overall sensory evaluation of ice cream samples showed that the highest sensory rating was related to the treatment containing 10% Aloe vera gel. It was concluded that considering the sensory acceptance and survival of probiotic bacteria L. plantarum, the ice cream containing 10% Aloe vera gel was the best treatment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

93 - The effect of microencapsulation with succinylated alginate on the viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus and the qualitative and sensory properties of yogurt during the storage
M. Forouzantabar S. Hosseinzadeh H. R. Gheisari S. S. Shekarforoush

10.30495/jfh.2020.578849.1200

The use of the microencapsulation technique can lead to an increase in the survival of probiotics in dairy products during storage. Chemical modification is one of the proposed strategies to improve the protective ability of alginate used in microencapsulation. In the c More

The use of the microencapsulation technique can lead to an increase in the survival of probiotics in dairy products during storage. Chemical modification is one of the proposed strategies to improve the protective ability of alginate used in microencapsulation. In the current work, the effect of succinylated alginate and its application as a micro-coating on the preparation of Lactobacillus acidophilus microcapsules was evaluated on the qualitative properties (pH, acidity, syneresis, and water holding capacity), sensory properties, and survival of this bacteria in yogurt during 21 days of storage at 4°C. For this purpose, four samples of yogurt including yogurt without L. acidophilus, yogurt containing free L. acidophilus, yogurt containing microencapsulated L. acidophilus with native alginate, and yogurt containing microencapsulated L. acidophilus with succinylated alginate, was prepared. The results of qualitative tests showed that the acidity and syneresis of yogurt containing succinylated alginate microcapsules were lower while the pH and water holding capacity were higher than the other experimental groups. Also, the results of microbial counting and sensory evaluation showed that the microencapsulation of L. acidophilus using succinylated alginate was significantly increased its survival during the storage time (p <0.05) without any adverse effects on the sensory properties. Therefore, microencapsulation with succinylated alginate can be suggested as an effective approach to improve the survival of probiotics in yogurt.   TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian   //   TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back // TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian   //   TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back // Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

94 - Investigation of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of biosurfactants derived from Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus pentosus and Lactobacillus casei
Behzad Akbarzadeh Najar Peiman Ariaii Mahro Esmaeili Roya Bagheri

10.30495/jfh.2023.1982517.1394

Biosurfactants are amphipathic compounds that are produced by many microorganisms and show a wide range of biological activities due to their unique characteristics. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of the biosurfactants isolated More

Biosurfactants are amphipathic compounds that are produced by many microorganisms and show a wide range of biological activities due to their unique characteristics. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of the biosurfactants isolated from Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus pentosus, and Lactobacillus casei. The antioxidant activity of biosurfactant was evaluated in vitro conditions using the ability to inhibit 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl free radicals and antimicrobial activities using the diffusion method in agar wells against pathogenic bacteria. The results showed that the inhibitory activity of DPPH and hydroxyl of biosurfactants at a concentration of 5 mg/ml was 78.51-81.99% and 69.51-71.56%, respectively, and the highest antioxidant activity was related to Lactobacillus plantarum (P<0.05). The results of inhibiting microbial growth showed that all biosurfactants had high antimicrobial activity and the antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive) was higher than other bacteria (gram-negative). No significant difference was observed among different biosurfactants. It seems that biosurfactants obtained from lactobacilli can be used as natural antioxidants and antimicrobials in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

95 - Contamination rate of Brucella in raw sheep milk and the effects of cell-free supernatant of Lactobacillus acidophilus on its biofilm production
M. Parandakhteh M. Neyriz Naghadehi

10.30495/jfh.2022.1966210.1371

Brucellosis is one of the most important zoonotic bacterial diseases in humans and vertebrate animals. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their production compounds have been proposed as potential biocontrol agents in biofilm formation. The present research aimed to determi More

Brucellosis is one of the most important zoonotic bacterial diseases in humans and vertebrate animals. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their production compounds have been proposed as potential biocontrol agents in biofilm formation. The present research aimed to determine the effects of cell-free supernatant (CFS) from Lactobacillus acidophilus on the biofilm production of Brucella isolates from raw sheep milk of Mahabad city (Iran). In this study, 100 sheep milk samples were randomly collected from different urban and rural areas of Mahabad. To isolate Brucella, the samples were cultured in Brucella broth and then streaked on Brucella agar with the selective supplement, and to identify the species of Brucella, related metabolic tests were performed. The biofilm production capability of the isolates, as well as the antibiofilm activity of the CFS, were evaluated by the microplate assay method. The results showed that out of 100 milk samples, 3 samples (3%) are contaminated with Brucella melitensis. Also, all three isolates were biofilm-formers. Two isolates were recognized as moderate and one isolate as a strong biofilm-former. Different concentrations of CFS reduced the biofilm production of isolates significantly (P˂ 0.01). Also, the concentration of 10% of CSF showed the highest antibiofilm activity. From the findings, it can be concluded that Brucella contamination in raw sheep milk in the Mahabad region is relatively high. There is a need for a full performance of Brucellosis screening and vaccination programs in livestock herds of the region. It can also be concluded that the CFS of L. acidophilus can remove Brucella biofilm. Therefore, L. acidophilus CFS as an antibiofilm compound can be proposed to control the growth of Brucella. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

96 - The effect of inulin, inoculum's level and different temperatures on the growth and metabolism of Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 in milk
هیوا Karimi darhabi

The biological activity of probiotics is affected by various environmental factors which can influence the performance as well as the growth of probiotics for increasing the health of the consumers. This study aims to investigate the effect of inulin, concentrate 0.5, 1 More

The biological activity of probiotics is affected by various environmental factors which can influence the performance as well as the growth of probiotics for increasing the health of the consumers. This study aims to investigate the effect of inulin, concentrate 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% of the primary culture and temperature of 35, 38, 41 and 44°C on the growth and metabolism of L. acidophilus La5 in UHT milk. In order to achieve this, the milk fermented with L. acidophilus La5 (as the culture ferment) was used for incubating the milk sample; incubation at 35, 38, 41 and 44°C were used in order to find the optimum temperature for the growth of microorganisms. The acidity and the pH of the milk samples were measured during 0, 2, 4 and 8 h and lactobacillus counts were performed at 0.4 and 8 h after the incubation period. In order to measure the effect of inulin, 0.5% (w/v) was added to the milk samples, and the resulted samples together with the control sample, were kept at 41°C. Then the acidity, pH and the total number of L. acidophilus of milk samples were determined during the above mentioned periods. Every of above operations were replicate ten times; then , utilizing statistical tests, the average of acidity, pH and enumeration of L. acidophilus were compared with one another during the above mentioned periods. The findings of the study indicat that, lactobacillus count and the amount of acidity in the incubated milk samples at 41 and 44°C were significantly greater than the other temperatures (P<0.05). The growth rate of the bacterium in samples containing 2% of starter culture during the fourth h of incubation was significantly greater than the other samples (P<0.05). However, this difference in 8 h after the incubation was not significant (P>0.05). Concerning the use of prebiotic inulin, the number of L. acidophilus and the acidity of milk samples containing inulin was significantly greater than the number of the bacterium in control sample (P<0.05). It is concluded from this study that, the best alternative temperature for this purpose is an incubation temperature ranging from 41 to 44°C. Addition of inulin enhance  significantly the growth of  L. acidophilus La5. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

97 - Effect of dextrose, valine, glycine and thiamine on growth rate of Lactobacillus acidophillus incubated at various temperatures
A.R Monadi Sefidan

In numerous studies the beneficial impacts of probiotics on human health have been documented. Hence, there is a strong trend for the production of such foods and dairy products in particular, by many of the food processing establishments. In this regard, one of the maj More

In numerous studies the beneficial impacts of probiotics on human health have been documented. Hence, there is a strong trend for the production of such foods and dairy products in particular, by many of the food processing establishments. In this regard, one of the major perequisites is to recognize the optimum conditions affecting the growth of probiotic organisms. This study aimed to investigate the impact of various concentrations of dextrose, valine, glycine and thiamine as well as different incubation temperatures on growth rate of Lactobacillus acidophillus in steril milk. In order to locate the ideal temperature, L. acidophillus was incubated at 38 °C, 40 °C, 42 °C and 44 °C. Moreover, thiamine (0, 5, 10 and 15 ppm), dextrose (0, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1%), glycine and valine (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 ppm) was added to steril milk. The acidity of milk-as an indication of bacterial activity-was measured periodically during 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 h of incubation. In comparison with the other temperatures, the activity of L. acidophillus was found significantly (P < 0.05) higher at 42 °C. According to the results, addition of dextrose, valine, glycine did not accelerate the production of acidic components; however, it seems that these substances could enhance the potency of L. acidophillus to produce gas and proteolytic enzymes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

98 - Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis on technological properties of sourdough and voluminous bread quality
M. Gharekhani M. Aalami M.A. Hejazi Y. Maghsoudlou M. Khomeiri G. Najafian

Sourdough applications in bread production are rising in recent decades continuously due to consumers' desire for natural products containing less chemical preservatives. In sourdough, lactic acid bacteria play a key role in the fermentation process. In this study Lacto More

Sourdough applications in bread production are rising in recent decades continuously due to consumers' desire for natural products containing less chemical preservatives. In sourdough, lactic acid bacteria play a key role in the fermentation process. In this study Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis as single starter and their mixture as a mixed starter were used in the preparation of sourdough. The results showed that the use of single starters increased diacetyl and hydrogen peroxide of sourdough and sourdough fermented with mixed starter had the highest content of diacetyl and hydrogen peroxide. In the end sourdough fermentation period the highest lactic acid bacteria count was associated with sourdough containing L. sanfranciscensis. Effects of different starters were significant on the pH of TTA of sourdough, dough and bread, and also resulted in decreased pH and increased of TTA compared to control bread. The results of the assessment of physicochemical and organoleptic properties of bread showed that sourdough containing mixed starter resulted in increasing of height, specific volume and porosity; however, it reduced the hardness of bread crust and crumb, and retarded the emergence of mold colonies. Sourdough bread containing mixed starter gained the highest score of organoleptic properties. Therefore the use of mixed starters consisting of L. plantarum and L. sanfranciscensis could be considered as a suitable starter culture for the production of sourdough and high quality bread.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

99 - Effect of and as probiotic on decreased absorption of cadmium in rat
M. Majlesi Shekarforoush S.S. Shekarforoush S.S. H.R. Ghaisari S. Nazifi J. Sajedianfard

  Cadmium is a wide-spread heavy metal that causes a wide range of health problems in animals and humans. Many reports showed the biosorption of heavy metals by bacteria. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the potency of probiotics bacteria of Lactobacil More

  Cadmium is a wide-spread heavy metal that causes a wide range of health problems in animals and humans. Many reports showed the biosorption of heavy metals by bacteria. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the potency of probiotics bacteria of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus coagulans against cadmium adsorption in rats. Twenty four male adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups. Cadmium treated groups received 1 ml of 100 µg/ml CdCl2 and probiotics groups were administrated 1 ml of (109 CFU/ml) of probiotics during 24 days by special gavage needle once daily. Levels of cadmium were determined by using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Probiotics B. coagulans and L. plantarum caused 29.8% and 19.3% increasing in removal of cadmium through defecation and decreased 10.9 and 21.5 % of cadmium accumulation in kidney of Wistar rats. The results showed that oral administration of both probiotics offered a significant protective effect against cadmium adsorption in rats.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

100 - Comparison of antibacterial activity of four cultivars of olive (Olea europaea) leaf extract on Bacillus cereus
مریم Abbasvali محمود Esmaeili Koutamehr حمدالله Moshtaghi M.H Eskandari

In recent years, plant extracts have been used as antimicrobial agents. One of these extracts is olive leaf extract, which has antimicrobial properties due to its phenolic compounds. In current study the leaf extract of four olive (Olea europaea) cultivars (Shiraz, Zard More

In recent years, plant extracts have been used as antimicrobial agents. One of these extracts is olive leaf extract, which has antimicrobial properties due to its phenolic compounds. In current study the leaf extract of four olive (Olea europaea) cultivars (Shiraz, Zard, Roghani and Dezfool) was extracted by different solvents (acetone, methanol and ethanol) using microwave-assisted extraction method. Then the antibacterial activity of the extracts was assessed on Bacillus cereus. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was determined using the standard and micro broth-dilution methods. All experiments were carried out in triplicate. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of eleven extracts was estimated as 20 mg/ml, and only MIC of the methanolic extract of Roghani cultivar was 10 mg/ml. Bacterial growth curve of B. cereus in the presence of olive leaf extracts was drawn after 24 h incubation at 37 °C and the mean percentage of growth inhibition of each extract was measured after 24 hours. The results showed that in comparison with the other cultivars, the methanolic extract of Roghani cultivar with the percentage of growth inhibition of 91.3% and 87.8% (in the concentrations of 10 and 20 mg/ml, respectively), demonstrated stronger antibacterial effect on B. cereus. This study indicated that olive leaf extract from inexpensive agricultural waste might be a valuable bioactive source with antibacterial activity, and seem to be applicable as a safe food additive.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

101 - Possibility of the production of probiotic chocolate yogurt
M. Sharifi Soltani G. Karim R. Pourahmad

The aim of study was to produce a low-fat cacao containing probiotic yogurt. For this reason a combination of probiotic bacteria, lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis (3% w/w) together with 0.8% cacao powder, 5% sugar as a well as 1.2% cacao powder with More

The aim of study was to produce a low-fat cacao containing probiotic yogurt. For this reason a combination of probiotic bacteria, lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis (3% w/w) together with 0.8% cacao powder, 5% sugar as a well as 1.2% cacao powder with 7% sugar were used to produce a synbiotic yogurt (0.5% and 1.5% fat). Populations of probiotics bacteria, physiochemical and sensory properties of the yogurt samples were evaluated throughout the storage period (1, 7, 14, and 21 days). Result showed that cacao as prebiotic could significantly increase the viability of L. acidophilus (P<0.01); besides no significant difference was observed between the populations of B. lactis in the chocolate yogurt and control samples. The highest quantity of the probiotic bacteria was observed at day 7, followed by a decrease in their number; however their populations remained above 7 log cfu/g. Moreover, pH value of the samples decreased over the time of storage, but pH value of the cacao-containing samples increased significantly (P<0.01).In comparison with the control group, no significant increase was recorded in the lipid content of the samples with cacao and sugar, meanwhile the amount of dry matter was higher than control samples (P<0.01). It could be concluded that apart from the prebiotic properties of cacao on L. acidophilus,it can improve the nutritional value of probiotic yogurt and increases the calorie of the product. However for achieving better sensory properties, changes should be considered in the formulation.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

102 - Survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus in low fat stirred yoghurt containing barley Beta-Glucan
M. Badri A. Alizadeh

Effectiveness of probiotic food depends on the survival of probiotic in foods. Therefore, it is important to monitor the survival of probiotic organisms during the production and storage of foods. In this research, barley beta-glucan as a fat replacer was added to the l More

Effectiveness of probiotic food depends on the survival of probiotic in foods. Therefore, it is important to monitor the survival of probiotic organisms during the production and storage of foods. In this research, barley beta-glucan as a fat replacer was added to the low fat probiotic yoghurt and survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus was investigated. Beta-glucan was added to the yoghurt at four levels of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1%. Survival of L. acidophilus was evaluated at 0, 1, 7 and 14 days of storage. Also, its physicochemical and sensory properties were determined at 7 day of storage. L. acidophilus count increased significantly up to the level of 0.75% beta-glucan (p<0.05) due to the prebiotic effect of this compound. Survival of L. acidophilus in yoghurt containing 1% beta-glucan was less than the other samples. Physicochemical results showed that the treatment had significant effects (p<0.05) on the acidity and syneresis up to level of 0.75%. Results showed that the treatment had significant (p<0.05) effect on pH which decreased by beta-glucan addition. The results also showed that addition of beta-glucan up to 0.5% decreased WHC and increased viscosity significantly (p<0.05). Results of this research showed that beta-glucan could be used successfully as a functional fat replacer in low fat synbiotic yogurts at level 0.5%. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

103 - Survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus coagulans in probiotic and low-fat synbiotic ice-creams
مجید Hashemi H.R Gheisari S.S Shekarforoush

In this study, survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus coagulans after freezing and during 90 days of storage at -18○C in probiotic and low-fat synbiotic ice-cream was evaluated. Addition to a control group (which was ordinary ice-cream), two probiotic ice-cr More

In this study, survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus coagulans after freezing and during 90 days of storage at -18○C in probiotic and low-fat synbiotic ice-cream was evaluated. Addition to a control group (which was ordinary ice-cream), two probiotic ice-creams were formulated using L. acidophilus and B. coagulans and two synbiotic ice-creams were prepared using the aforementioned microorganisms but replacing 5% of milk-fat with inulin. The total solids of the ice-cream mixes did not differ significantly, however there was a significant difference (p<0.01) between their fat contents. The viable counts of L. acidophilus and B. coagulans were higher than the recommended minimum limit of 6 log cfu/g in all probiotic and synbiotic ice-creams during the 90-days of frozen storage. The survival rate either after freezing or at the end of frozen storage was higher in the samples with B. coagulans. Inulin had not preservative effect on probiotic microorganisms during frozen storage. Moreover, survival of high populations of probiotic microorganisms for a long time revealed that ice-cream has a great potential to be a functional food.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

104 - Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum on microbial population of Iranian fermented pickle
زهرا Nilchian S.H Razavi ابراهیم Rahimi

   Pickle fermentation is a natural process in which microorganisms could affect the quality of the product. Amongst, Lactobacillus plantarum strains that improve the quality of fermented pickle. In this study, in order to produce safe and desirable fermented More

   Pickle fermentation is a natural process in which microorganisms could affect the quality of the product. Amongst, Lactobacillus plantarum strains that improve the quality of fermented pickle. In this study, in order to produce safe and desirable fermented pickle, local cucumbers were immersed in 5% and 7% (w/v) brine solutions. The samples were inoculated with 0, 4 ´106, 4 ´107 and 6 ´108 cfu/ml of L. plantarum. The samples were kept at ambient temperature for 15 days followed by 30 days storage at 4 °C and 25 °C. The bacterial populations were analyzed during the aforementioned stages of fermentation and storage. According to the results, the maximum quantity (8.57 log10 cfu/ml) of L. plantarum was observed in the 9 day of fermentation and in the samples inoculated with 6 ´108 cfu/ml and kept in 5% brine solution. Moreover, compared to the other samples, the population of yeasts and aerobic mesophilic count were the least in the samples inoculated with 6 ´108 cfu/ml of L. plantarum and stored in 7% brine solution. During the storage period, the population of L. plantarum, yeasts and aerobic mesophilic in the samples stored at 25 °C were higher than the samples stored at 4 °C. Results revealed that in the 30 day of storage, the highest load (5.47 log10 cfu/ml) of L. plantarum was observed in the samples kept in 7% brine solution at 4 °C. It was concluded that providing the condition that favors the appropriate growth of L. plantarum could help to hinder the growth of undesirable organisms in fermented pickle.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

105 - Evaluation of Probiotic Potential of Some Native Lactobacillus Strains on Intestinal Morphology of Japanese Quails during the Rearing Period
Seyed Alireza Siadati Yahya Ebrahimnezhad Gholamreza Salehi Jouzani Jalal Shayegh

Due to the harmful effects of antibiotic use on the health of poultry flocks and the consequent health of human societies,  attempts to use alternative substances have increased. Probiotics are one of the most well-known alternative substances to be used. The objec More

Due to the harmful effects of antibiotic use on the health of poultry flocks and the consequent health of human societies,  attempts to use alternative substances have increased. Probiotics are one of the most well-known alternative substances to be used. The objective of the present study was to evaluatethe probiotic effects of different concentrations of four selected native Lactobacillus strains on intestinal morphology offemale Japanese quails.To do this, the farm trial was performed in the format of complete randomized design through 4 replicates of 7 different probiotic treatments, with each replicate consisting of 20 quails, resulting in a total of 560 quails, for five weeks. Treatments were as follows: T1: control (basal diet)‌; T2: Primalac; T3: Protexin; and T4, T5, T6, and T7: four native strains in levels of 50, 100, 150, and 200 g/ton of diet respectively.  The greatest villus height in the duodenum was related to treatment with native probiotic of 150 g/ton and the greatest villus height in jejunum and ileum was related to treatment with native probiotic of 50 g/ton and 150 g/ton respectively. The greatest and lowest villus height to the crypt depth ratio in the duodenum and ileum was found in the diet with native probiotic of 150 g/ton and control treatment respectively. The greatest and lowest villus height to the crypt depth ratio in the jejunum was found in the diets with native probiotics (50 g/ton‌ and 150 g/ton) and control treatment, respectively‌. Finally, it can be concluded that the use of the native Lactobacillus strains (150 ‌g/ton diet) enhanced the villus height and villus height to the crypt depth ratio of Japanese quails. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

106 - Effect of different amounts of pH, salt and temperature on survival rate of Lactobacillus casei in milk during storage time
حمید Mirzaei

      Considering that one of the most important points of probiotic products is the survival rate of live microbes during storage time, so the aim of this study was to determine the effect of different amounts of pH, salt and temperature on survival More

Considering that one of the most important points of probiotic products is the survival rate of live microbes during storage time, so the aim of this study was to determine the effect of different amounts of pH, salt and temperature on survival rate of Lactobacillus casei in milk during 30 days of storing. For this purpose, at first four erlene Meyers with capacity of 2 litters were selected and 1.5 litter of sterilized milk was added to each of them. Two percent of yoghourt starter was inoculated to each of the first, second and third erlenes and 2% sterilized milk was inoculated to the forth erlene as control group and samples were incubated at 42 ˚C until the pH of first to third samples reached 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5 respectively. Then the erlenes were heated at 90 ˚C for 10 minutes to inactivate the yoghourt starter bacteria and then 500 ml of each sample in first, second, third and forth erlenes was transported to three sterilized caped glass containers and so  four groups consisting of 3 glasses were produced and in each collection 0,  2% and 4% of salt was added to first, second and third samples respectively and then 5 ml of McFarland solution containing 3× 109 cfu/ml of Lactobacillus casei was inoculated to each of the samples. This Procedure was repeated 12 times and obtained samples were stored at about 4˚C in the first six repetitions and at about 25˚C in the second six repetitions. The number of Lactobacillus casei in each of samples was counted soon after production, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 30 days after storing by pour plate method in MRS agar and obtained means were analyzed statistically. According to repeated measures analysis of variance and one way analysis of variance, the mean number of live Lactobacillus casei in samples with pH of 6.5 and 5.5 was significantly more than their numbers in the samples with pH of 4.5 and 3.5 and in the samples stored at 4˚C the number was more than those stored at 25˚C (P<0.01). Whereas salt concentration did not show significant effect on survival rate of Lactobacillus casei in milk. These results showed that milk with pH of 6.5 and 5.5 containing maximum salt of 4%  at 4˚C for about 30 days and at 25˚C for about 15 days is a good environment for storage and transport of  Lactobacillus casei to the consumers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

107 - Study on the effects of consumption of milk containing Lactobacillus acidophilus on serum lipid trends and weight gain of rats fed high lipid diet
حمید Mirzaei مهران Mesgari abbasi عیسى Tajmohammadi

      Despite the significant progresses made in the reduction of mortality due to cardiovascular diseases, they are still the primary cause of death in many countries and hyperlipidemia is an important causal agent of cardiovascular diseases. Probio More

Despite the significant progresses made in the reduction of mortality due to cardiovascular diseases, they are still the primary cause of death in many countries and hyperlipidemia is an important causal agent of cardiovascular diseases. Probiotics are food supplements containing live microbes which balance the flora of the digestive system and produce positive effects in the host body. L.acidophilus is a beneficial bacterium used in the production of probiotic products .The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of consumption of milk containing L.acidophilus on serum lipid trends of rats fed high lipid diet. This is an experimental study in which 30 male albino Wistar rats with a body weight of 200±15 gr. were randomly allocated to two groups of treatment and control each containing 15 rats which were adapted to a high lipid diet (11.74%) and water containing 25% milk within a week. Rats in both groups received high lipid diet and water containing 25% milk for 60 days with the exception that rats in the treatment group received water containing L. acidophilus at a level of 109 CFU/rat/day throughout the experiment. Independent t-test revealed that at a level of α= 0.05, mean levels of total cholesterol and LDL-C of rats in the treatment group was significantly lower than the control group (p<0.05), and HDL-C of rats in the treatment group was significantly higher than the control group (p<0.05), but the mean levels of triglyceride and VLDL-C was not significantly different. Also increase in body weight was significantly higher in the treatment group compared with the control group (p<0.01). On the whole, long term daily consumption of milk containing L. acidophilus improves serum lipid trends by lowering total cholesterol level and LDL-C and increasing HDL-C and also increases the rate of body growth.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

108 - Study on the effect of Lactobacillus casei o1 fermented milk consumption on lipid pattern of rats nourished with cholesterol enriched diet
حمید Mirzaei بهرام Amouoghli Tabrizi مهدی Rafiei

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects ofconsumption of different amounts of fermented milk by L.casei on serum lipid trends including total cholesterol, LDL-C, HLD-C, VLDL-C and triglyceride in the serum of rats fed 1 and 2% cholesterol enriched diet. For th More

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects ofconsumption of different amounts of fermented milk by L.casei on serum lipid trends including total cholesterol, LDL-C, HLD-C, VLDL-C and triglyceride in the serum of rats fed 1 and 2% cholesterol enriched diet. For this purpose 49 male albino wistar rats with a body weight of 200±15 gr were randomly allocated to seven groups each containing 7 rats and adapted to new conditions during a week. Rats in the first group (control group) received commercial diet and water for 30 days, the second to fourth groups received diet enriched with 1% cholesterol and rats in the fifth to seventh groups received diet enriched with 2% cholesterol. Each rat in the fourth and seventh groups (double dose receiving treatment groups) consumed fermented milk containing 4×108 CFU bacteria per day, rats in the third and sixth groups (single dose receiving treatment groups) consumed fermented milk containing 2×108 CFU bacteria per day and in the second and fifth groups (sham group) consumed sterilized milk instead of fermented milk. According to the statistical tests, one way analysis of variance and Tukey at a level of α= 0.05, mean levels of total cholesterol and LDL-C of rats in the  double dose receiving treatment groups and single dose receiving treatment groups were significantly lower and mean level of HDL-C was significantly higher than sham group (p<0.05). In the rats fed  1% enriched cholesterol, mean levels of VLDL-C and triglyceride of rats in the  double dose receiving treatment groups were significantly lower than sham group (p<0.05). Long term daily consumption of milk fermented by L.casei improves serum lipid trends by lowering total cholesterol and LDL-C level and by increasing HDL-C level. The effectiveness of this probiotic on lipid trends is dose dependent. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

109 - Evaluation and comparison of the antifungal effect of essential oil of four medicinal plants and molecular identification antagonistic bacteria against fungi decay cause of orange post-harvest by Penicillium digitatum
shervin hadian Nader Hasanzadeh mohamadali aghajani hamidreza pordeli Gabriella cirvillari

Citrus green mold, Penicillium digitatum is one of the most important postharvest diseases. Continuous application of chemical pesticides has serious long term effects on human health and environmental pollution that may result in emergence of resistance in pathogenic s More

Citrus green mold, Penicillium digitatum is one of the most important postharvest diseases. Continuous application of chemical pesticides has serious long term effects on human health and environmental pollution that may result in emergence of resistance in pathogenic strains. In this study, antifungal activity of different concentrations (100, 200, 300, 400ppm) of four medicine plants essences including Thymus vulgaris, Cuminum cyminum,Allium sativum and Aloe vera collected from Ghorogh area of Golestan provience was evaluated. Essences were prepared by the steam distillation water using Clevenger apparatus. The main constituents' essences having the most antagonistic activity were analyzed by GC / MS. Antagonistic activity of bacteria isolated from orange epithelium including Bacillus, Pseudomonas sp., and Streptomyces sp. against Penicillium digitatum was also investigated in a completely randomized factorial model. The maximum percent inhibition (99.95%) was observed by the thyme plant essence at 400 ppm concentration. Regression analysis of the effects of essences showed that by increasing the essences concentration, its inhibitory effect on fungi increased. Based on the results, thyme essence with having the important constituents of essences (carvacrol - 45.5%), (alpha-terpineol - 22.9%) and (endo - borneol 14.3%) had the highest inhibitory effect (22.3 mmol) against penicillium. Among 23 bacterial isolates, one of them, H7, had the highest inhibitory effect on penicillium. Using PCR amplification and DNA sequencing of 16S rRNA gene, it was identified as Bacillus cereus. Thus, thyme essence and Bacillus cereus (H7) are an appropriate substitutions to chemical control of orange postharvest diseases caused by Penicillium digitatum. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

110 - Evaluation the effects of Thiobacillus biological and chemical fertilizers on morphological and phytochemical characteristics of Satureja hortensis L.
Ali Ghaderi Ali Noee Khadijeh Ahmadi Hossein Saborifard

Satureja hortensis L. is one of the valuable plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family that its leaves and flowering branches contain essential oil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Thiobacillus biological and chemical fertilizers on morphological and More

Satureja hortensis L. is one of the valuable plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family that its leaves and flowering branches contain essential oil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Thiobacillus biological and chemical fertilizers on morphological and phytochemical characteristics of this plant. The present study was carried out as a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the research farm of Golmakan town in 2019. Experimental treatments included Thiobacillus biological fertilizer (0, 5 and 12 kg/ha) and chemical fertilizer (0, 35 and 70 kg/ha). Plant essential oil was extracted from savory leaves at flowering stage by Clevenger apparatus, then the constituents of the essential oil were analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed that all morphological traits of the plant as well as the quality and quantity of the active ingredients of the essential oil were affected by fertilizer treatments. The combined application of biological and chemical fertilizers led to an increase in the studied traits compared to the non-application of fertilizer. The highest plant height (48.8 cm), leaf dry weight (9.7 g) and essential oil density (3.67%) were obtained in the combined use of fertilizers. The two main constituents of savory essential oil including carvacrol (62.10%) and gamaterpinen (19.04%) showed the highest increase in the treatment composition of 12 kg/ha of Thiobacillus fertilizer and 70 kg/ha of chemical fertilizer (NPK). Based on the results, we found that combinations of biofertilizer and chemical fertilizer could increase the morphological characteristics, quantity and quality of savory essential oil. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

111 - An Investigation on the Effect of Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans Bacteria on Biomachining of Titanium Alloy and Copper
Mehrdad Ghani Hamid Soleimanimehr Elham Shirani Bidabadi

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Open Access Article

112 - Biological Removal of Zinc from Automotive Hazardous Paint Sludge: a comparison between an endogenous Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolateand Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans PTCC1692
Fatemeh Honarjooy Barkusaraey Roya Mafigolami Gholam Khayati

10.30495/bioem.2022.698186

Research on the hazardous waste of paint sludge is mostly focused on recovering the sludge and pollution control with methods such as solidification. This research aimed to study the comparison of biological removal of zinc from paint sludge using a native Pseudomonas a More

Research on the hazardous waste of paint sludge is mostly focused on recovering the sludge and pollution control with methods such as solidification. This research aimed to study the comparison of biological removal of zinc from paint sludge using a native Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans PTCC 1692. Samples of water-based paint sludge were collected under aseptic conditions. Isolation of endogenous strains was performed in the Bushnell-Haas (BH) medium from paint sludge, and A. thiooxidans PTCC 1692 was cultured in the medium 119. Optimization of the process parameters for the biological removal of zinc was performed using the design of the experimental (DOE) method for both organisms. The results showed that A. thiooxidans is capable of biological removal of zinc with a higher pulp density and with a more extended bioleaching period. The results of the chemical analysis show the removal of zinc metal by 57.76% compared to P. aeruginosa by 36.39%, and, the removal of other metals such as Cr, Ni, Pb, and Cd were observed in the residual sludge from the process. Energy Disperse X-ray analysis (EDX) showed the more favorable effect of this bacterium in reducing heavy metals. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

113 - Optimization of Polyphenol Oxidase and Peroxidase Production Using Native Bacillus spp. Isolated from Fully Fermented Tea
Moahmmad Faezi Ghasemi

10.30495/bioem.2022.694098

Tea (Camellia sinensis) is a species of evergreen shrub or small tree in the flowering plant family of Thecae. One of the major steps in black tea manufacturing is the fermentation process, which bacteria may incorporate. This study aimed at using the one-factor-at-a-ti More

Tea (Camellia sinensis) is a species of evergreen shrub or small tree in the flowering plant family of Thecae. One of the major steps in black tea manufacturing is the fermentation process, which bacteria may incorporate. This study aimed at using the one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) and Taguchi methods to optimize the production of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) by Bacillus spp. isolated from fully fermented tea. The results showed that sucrose and glucose exhibited the greatest effects on the production of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase by the strains Bacillus sp. (TB3) and B. licheniformis (TB14), respectively. In addition, the results indicated that the best nitrogen sources for the production of PPO by Bacillus sp. (TB3) and POD by B. licheniformis (TB14) were sodium nitrate and ammonium carbonate, respectively. Based on the obtained results, the medium components for the production of PPO by Bacillus sp. (TB3) at a pH of 7 were as follows: 0.5% sucrose, 1.0% of peptone, 0.8% of yeast extract, 0.2% of hydrolyzed casein, 0.02% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.005% of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, and 0.1% sodium nitrate. Moreover, the optimal culture medium for the production of POD by B. licheniformis (TB14) at a pH of 7 was as follows: 0.3% of glucose, 1.0% of peptone, 0.8% of yeast extract, 0.2% of hydrolyzed casein, 0.02% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.005% of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate. Increased production of PPO and POD enzymes were obtained about 8 and 6 fold more than the basal culture media, respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

114 - Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus ruteri isolated from dairy products in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat models
Elham Aminian Elham Moazamian Mohammad Amin Edatamanesh

Based on the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus isolated from dairy products on blood glucose in diabetic rats. Isolation and characterization of Lactobacillus from dairy products were performed u More

Based on the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus isolated from dairy products on blood glucose in diabetic rats. Isolation and characterization of Lactobacillus from dairy products were performed using biochemical and molecular tests. In this study, treatment was performed on 49 male Wistar rats with a mean age of approximately 6 to 8 weeks. Rats were divided into 7 groups of 7 each. In the intervention group, Lactobacillus ruteri and Lactobacillus plantarum were used. At the end of 4 weeks, weight changes and blood glucose levels of the rats were compared to the positive and negative controls. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, chi-square test, or Fisher's exact test for comparison of variables. The results showed that during one month the mice were exposed to Lactobacillus bacteria had the highest weight in the fourth week and the lowest weight in the first week of the study. A significant decrease in blood glucose level was observed in the groups consuming L. plantarum and L. ruteri. The present study showed that intervention of Lactobacillus without altering diet or specific diet in rats can significantly decrease blood sugar in the bacterial group. Considering the effect of the studied bacteria on blood glucose reduction, it can be claimed that Lactobacillus can be suggested as an adjunctive treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

115 - Predictive mathematical models for evaluation of Cuminum cyminum L. and temperature storage effect on Bacillus cereus in BHI broth
Zohreh Mashak

Bacillus cereus is a food-born pathogen that 20% of total outbreaks of food intoxication in the world are caused by Bacillus cereus. Nowadays there is an increasing interest in the use of plant-derived antimicrobial compounds as natural preservatives for foods. Cuminum More

Bacillus cereus is a food-born pathogen that 20% of total outbreaks of food intoxication in the world are caused by Bacillus cereus. Nowadays there is an increasing interest in the use of plant-derived antimicrobial compounds as natural preservatives for foods. Cuminum cyminum L. is a plant native to Iran that is used in traditional medicine and food products. The aim of this survey is providing of predictive mathematically models for evaluation of antibacterial effect of Cuminum cyminum L. essential oil on Bacillus cereus in a multi-factorial system. The essential oil of Cuminum cyminum L. plant was obtained by steam-distillation and analyzed by GC/MS. Then, effects of different concentrations of Cuminum cyminum L. essential oil (0, 0.005, 0.015, 0.030 and 0.045%) and storage temperature (10, 25 and 35°C) were evaluated on growth of Bacillus cereus in BHI broth during at certain intervals (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 24, 27, 30, 36 and 42 days). The growth of Bacillus cereus was significantly decreased by 0.015% EO concentration incubated at 10°C storage temperature and 0.030% EO concentration incubated at 25 and 35°C storage temperature (p<0.05). The predictive mathematically models produced in this study can be a useful tool for evaluation of changes of this microorganism along of the food chain. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

116 - Comparison of bacteria in beef meat and poultry in terms of packaging and without packaging in Gilan province
Ali Mojaddar langroodi Ali Ehsani Aiub Ebadi احسان مقدس کیا

Food-borne illness is a major international public health concern and a significant cause of reduced economic growth. Contaminated food is the usual source of human infections, and poultry and beef meat are considered the major infectious route for humans. Each year, mi More

Food-borne illness is a major international public health concern and a significant cause of reduced economic growth. Contaminated food is the usual source of human infections, and poultry and beef meat are considered the major infectious route for humans. Each year, millions of persons become ill from foodborne diseases, though many cases are not reported. To assess the microbiological quality and safety of beef and poultry meat and try to achieve the connection of its contamination with hygienic conditions of packaging and without packaging of food in this study we analyzed food borne pathogens (Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) in Gilan province. A total number of 380 beef and poultry meat samples (with packing and without packaging) were collected and studied. Out of which 5/5 percent were founded contaminated with Salmonella 20/5 percent were founded contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus while 11/8 percent were founded contaminated with Bacillus cereus. Also 13/9 percent (beef meat) and 23/9 percent (poultry meat) were contaminated. The study confirmed the presence of Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus in beef and poultry meat. It is a potential threat to consumer health. To reduce of contamination, good hygiene practices are necessary from processing to storage. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

117 - The study of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum on slime- producing Staphylococcus aureus
Nazila Arbab Soleimani Maryam Mahdavi

10.30495/jfm.2023.1972043.1797

The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the antibiotic resistance pattern of Bacillus cereus in ice cream, cake, cheese, and infant formula. For this purpose, 600 samples were prepared from food sales centers in Tehran and transferred to the quality c More

The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the antibiotic resistance pattern of Bacillus cereus in ice cream, cake, cheese, and infant formula. For this purpose, 600 samples were prepared from food sales centers in Tehran and transferred to the quality control laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Tehran University of Medical Sciences and cultured on the special culture medium of Bacillus cereus, MYP, which contained polymyxin B supplement and egg yolk. Then, from the pink colonies, gram staining and catalase test were performed and the sensitivity of the isolated bacteria to ampicillin, penicillin, vancomycin, cefazolin, methicillin, cefixime, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, cefepime and tetracycline was evaluated based on the disc diffusion method. According to the results, no contamination with B. cereus was observed in any of the cake, cheese and ice cream samples. However, out of 150 infant formula samples, 30 samples were infected with B. cereus (18 samples < 10 CFU/g, 7 samples had 10-102 CFU/g, and 5 samples>102 CFU/g). B. cereus isolated from infant formula has the highest sensitivity to vancomycin (67.76%), tetracycline (70%), and chloramphenicol (33.63%) antibiotics and had the highest level of resistance to penicillin (100%), cefixime antibiotics (100%) and ampicillin (67.96%). The general results indicated a significant prevalence of B. cereus in the tested milk, which due to the growing trend of using milk powder and more importance to the quality and health evaluation of milk powders for consumption, contamination investigation and preventive approaches should be given more attention. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

118 - Detailed study and molecular identification of bacteria spp. causing bitter flavour in pasteurized cream
Hoda Dezhkhi Sajjad Yazdansetad Nazila Arbabsoleymani Reza Najafpour Seyed Mohammad Gheibi hayat الیکا فرج تبریزی

Cream enabled the growth of most microorganisms due to the adequate moisture, pH close to neutral, and nutrient rich. The major cause of bitter flavour in cream is degradation of proteins to the hydrophobic peptides by protease enzyme derived from the thermostable bacte More

Cream enabled the growth of most microorganisms due to the adequate moisture, pH close to neutral, and nutrient rich. The major cause of bitter flavour in cream is degradation of proteins to the hydrophobic peptides by protease enzyme derived from the thermostable bacteria resistant to the pasteurization temperature. The present study was aimed to investigate and molecular identify of bacteria spp. causing bitter flavour in pasteurized cream. The pasteurized cream samples were collected, then microbiological tests such as total count of microorganisms, psychrotrophic bacteria count, coliform bacteria count, thermostable bacteria count, sporogen bacteria count and also chemical tests such as acidity and pH measurement were carried out. The tests were fulfilled with three repetitions at 4ºC and 15ºC in first, third, fifth, seventh, ninth, and eleventh days after the cream production. The isolates causing bitter flavour in creams were identified by physiological, biochemical, phylogenetical, and molecular methods. The bacterial isolates were inoculated into the pasteurized creams and assayed for changing in flavour. The two species of bacteria causing bitter flavor were isolated from the pasteurized creams. The sequencing of 16S rRNA gene of isolates indicated that they were Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis. The temperature of preservation is one of the most important agents of microorganisms’ activity and dairy product durability. Keeping raw milk for a long time before the pasteurization leads to increasing proteolytic bacteria resistant to the pasteurization temperature, producing protease by the organisms and finally, changing the product flavour. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

119 - Production of probiotic juice by use of two varieties of Red and Yellow apple
neda Ghazavi Hamdollah Moshtaghi Mojtaba Bonyadian

Probiotic bacteria due to having positive effects on health, widely used in the manufacture of foods, particularly in the production of dairy products, but having lactose intolerance problem and high cholesterol of dairy products is an important restrictions on the use More

Probiotic bacteria due to having positive effects on health, widely used in the manufacture of foods, particularly in the production of dairy products, but having lactose intolerance problem and high cholesterol of dairy products is an important restrictions on the use of them. Recently, the consumption of non-dairy probiotic foods and specifically non-dairy probiotic juices were developed. The aim of this study was to examine the growth trend of Lactobacillus acidophilus in the two types of red and yellow apple. After inoculation of bacteria to each sample, they were stored at 4°C and at certain times during fermentation, changes in pH, titratable acidity and the sediment, as well as live cell counts were measured under controlled conditions. Both treatments showed a significant decrease in pH, sediment and bacteria population at the end of maintenance, but the changes in acidity were not significant (p<0.05). Sensory evaluation of apple juice on the fifth day showed no significant difference between the control sample and probiotics. On the tenth day of sensory evaluation the probiotic juice significantly has higher concentration than the control sample. In general, red apple juice in compared with yellow apple juice has more favorable conditions for growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus. There was no desirable effect on sensory properties of apple juice after adding probiotics.                                                                                                      Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

120 - Evaluating the potential of Lactobacillus isolated from whole wheat sourdough in reduction of Aflatoxin B1
علیرضا صادقی Maryam Ebrahimi مجتبی رئیسی

The aim of this study was evaluatiing the amount of aflatoxin B1 and growth of Aspergillus flavus under effect of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus sakei isolated from sourdough of whole wheat flour. After confirmation of mentioned isolated LAB with specific PCR More

The aim of this study was evaluatiing the amount of aflatoxin B1 and growth of Aspergillus flavus under effect of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus sakei isolated from sourdough of whole wheat flour. After confirmation of mentioned isolated LAB with specific PCR, effects of these isolates on growth of Aspergillus flavus and their ability to reduction of aflatoxin B1 based on direct competitive ELISA, were examined. The effects of incubation time (37 °C in 0, 24 and 48 h) and heat treatment (autoclave for 15 min) on residue of aflatoxin B1 in present of mentioned isolated LAB were also determined. After six days period of investigation the effect of isolated LAB on growth of Aspergillus flavus, the diameter of fungi colonies in present of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus sakei and control sample were 1.87, 6.5 and 9 cm, respectively. The amount of aflatoxin B1 residue, after 0, 24 and 48 h incubation in present of Lactobacillus plantarum were 63.6, 50.28, 45.34% and in present of Lactobacillus sakei were also 73.55, 71.7 and 63.17%, respectively. Furthermore, non-viable (autoclaved) cells of mentioned LAB reduced the amount of aflatoxin B1, more effective (P< 0.05) than their viable cells. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

121 - The study of Iranian food contact plastic wrap contamination with bacteria causing food-borne disease
Hajieh Ghasemian Safaei Nasrin Mirzaei Ahmand Reza Bahrami Bayan Saeidi Ebrahim Rahimi

The use of plastic wrap for foodstuff is very common in the world. Plastic wrap is impermeable to air, oils, greases, and more importantly, bacteria which makes it useful for food packaging. Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus are of important pathogens and the mo More

The use of plastic wrap for foodstuff is very common in the world. Plastic wrap is impermeable to air, oils, greases, and more importantly, bacteria which makes it useful for food packaging. Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus are of important pathogens and the most common cause of food-borne disease.Ten Iranian plastic wraps with different brands were chosen and identification was done by biochemical test and serial dilution methods. After microorganism identification, selective and differential medium cultures were used to confirm bacteria. Among ten Iranian plastic wrap; seven samples were devoid of any contamination, while two samples had Bacillus cereus contamination and one plastic wrap sample had Staphylococcus aureus contamination. According to the result of serial dilution, 1.6X104 CFU and 2.1X102 CFU Bacillus cereus and 1.7X101 CFU Staphylococcus aureus was counted. Acceptable microbial limits for Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus per gram of plastic wrap need to be established by international organizations for standardization. Besides, the presence of Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus on plastic wrap surface and related disease in food contact plastic wrap needs to have a continuous investigation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

122 - Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Lactobacilli isolated from traditional sourdoughs against Bacillus cereus
Abolfazl Golshan Tafti Ghazal Yazdanpanah Mohammad Hassan Fooladi

In this study, the inhibitory effect of 71 Lactobacilli isolated from traditional sourdoughs against Bacillus cereus was evaluated and compared by using three methods (spot on lawn,well diffusion and disk diffusion). There was no inhibition zone around the discs and wel More

In this study, the inhibitory effect of 71 Lactobacilli isolated from traditional sourdoughs against Bacillus cereus was evaluated and compared by using three methods (spot on lawn,well diffusion and disk diffusion). There was no inhibition zone around the discs and wells in the well diffusion and disk diffusion methods. The inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus isolates against Bacillus cereus in the Spot on lawn method was observed as a clear zone around the colonies. All Lactobacillus isolates were able to inhibit the growth of Bacillus cereus in the spot on lawn method, but there was a significant difference (p<0.01) among the isolates in terms of antimicrobial activity. Among the Lactobacillus isolates, 8 isolates had significantly stronger antimicrobial activity and the diameter of clear zone around the colonies was reported in the range of 2.67-7.83 mm. The diameter of clear zone around the Lactobacillusisolates 70, 46, 21, 55, 59 and 11 was 7.83, 7.67, 7.33, 7.16, 7 and 7 mm, respectively. Therefore, they were reported as Lactobacillus isolates with strong antimicrobial activity in the spot on lawn method. These isolates can have potential to be used as starter cultures in production of sourdough and bread. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

123 - The use of peel extract of pomegranate in apple juice as a preservative against Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum and Alicyclobacillus acidoterrstris
zeinab Rezvanifard mohammad reza Eshaghi Mehdi Hasanzadeh

AbstractThe aim of this work was to study the influence of pomegranate peel methanol extract on the Lactobacillus plantarum PTCC 1058, Saccharomyces cerevisiae PTCC 5269 and Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris ATCC 49025 in apple juice. Three different concentration of pom More

AbstractThe aim of this work was to study the influence of pomegranate peel methanol extract on the Lactobacillus plantarum PTCC 1058, Saccharomyces cerevisiae PTCC 5269 and Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris ATCC 49025 in apple juice. Three different concentration of pomegranate peel extract (250, 500 and 1000 μg /ml) and control sample were prepared. The samples were stored at 4 °C for 60 days and acidity, pH value, microbial analysis, brix value were conducted at zero, 30 and 60 days. Physicochemical properties showed that acidity soured and pH decreased with increasing extract concentration. Turbidity was increased and brix value was decreased in storage time. Turbidity amount in 60th day were increased but treatment with 500 μg /ml had minimum turbidity. These results suggest the potential of pomegranate peel methanol extract as bio preservatives and have effect on decrease of turbidity in apple juice under refrigerated storage. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

124 - Investigating effect of pH and concentration of strawberry juice on the viability of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum
Tahereh Berimavandi Vajiheh Fadaei Noghani

In this studyresearch, probiotic strawberry juice was produced using probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum and four factors brix (9,11,13), pH (3,4), time (0,7,14,21,28) and bacteria (Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum) were stu More

In this studyresearch, probiotic strawberry juice was produced using probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum and four factors brix (9,11,13), pH (3,4), time (0,7,14,21,28) and bacteria (Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum) were studied using factorial design in a completely randomized factorial design; and some physicochemical properties (pH, acidity, vitamin C and soluble solids) and probiotic bacterial population of probiotic strawberry juice were measured. The result showed that during storage time, pH, vitamin C, total soluble solids and bacterial population decreased (p<0.05) and acidity increased (p<0.05). With increasing the brix, acidity, soluble solids and bacterial population increased (p<0.05) and vitamin C decreased (p<0.05). With increasing pH, Vitamin C and bacterial population increased (p<0.05) and acidity decreased (p<0.05). The results showed Lactobacillus casei was higher; also, the highest viability of probiotic bacteria in pH = 4, brix= 13 and storage time zero was observed. Keywords: Strawberry, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum, probiotic juice Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

125 - Increase the survival of Lactobacillus ramnosus LGG and improved physicochemical, reological and sensory properties of fermented milk using Roman nettle mucilage compared with Inulin
Sara Amiri Samani Maryam Jafari Fatemeh Nejati

The aim of this study was to investigate the prebiotic potential of Roman nettle seed mucilage in the growth and survival of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LGG) as well as changes in different physicochemical, reological and sensory properties of fermented milk comp More

The aim of this study was to investigate the prebiotic potential of Roman nettle seed mucilage in the growth and survival of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LGG) as well as changes in different physicochemical, reological and sensory properties of fermented milk compared with inulin (commercial prebiotic) during the storage time. For this purpose, values of 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2% (w/w) of nettle seed mucilage and 0.5 and 1% (w/w) inulin has been added to the recombined milk and after inoculation of bacteria, changes in acidity, syneresis, viscosity, the number of probiotic bacteria and sensory properties were studied during 21 days. The results showed that the addition of mucilage to fermented milk improved the growth and survival of L. rhamnosus and subsequently increase the acidity of the samples. Furthermore, the addition of mucilage compared with inulin, led to reduction in syneresis of the samples and higher counts of probiotics during storage. Finally, according to physico-chemical, microbiological and organoleptic results, samples containing 0.1% (w/w) of mucilage were considered as the best sample in this study. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

126 - Inhibitory effect of nisin and ascorbic acid on Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris in orange juice
Fatemeh Sabaghi Rezvan Pourahmad Mahnaz Hashemiravan

Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris (A. acidoterrestris) is a thermophilic spore-forming bacterium that changes taste and smell of juices. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of nisin and ascorbic acid on A. acidoterrestris. Nisin (150 and 200 pp More

Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris (A. acidoterrestris) is a thermophilic spore-forming bacterium that changes taste and smell of juices. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of nisin and ascorbic acid on A. acidoterrestris. Nisin (150 and 200 ppm) and ascorbic acid (100 and 250 ppm) were used in orange juice contaminated with A. acidoterrestris. Microbial, physicochemical, and sensory properties of the samples were investigated during 90 days’ storage. Adding nisin and ascorbic acid significantly (P<0.05) decreased the number of A. acidoterrestris in orange juice. The sample containing 200 ppm nisin+250 ppm ascorbic acid and the sample containing 200 ppm nisin+100 ppm ascorbic acid had the lowest number of A. acidoterrestris, respectively. During storage, the number of bacteria in samples containing nisin and ascorbic acid decreased significantly (P<0.05) so that no bacterial growth was seen in the sample containing 200 ppm nisin and 250 ppm ascorbic acid on the 60th and 90th days and the sample containing 200 ppm nisin+100 ppm ascorbic acid on the 90th day. Acidity of the samples increased and brix decreased significantly (P<0.05) during storage. The sample containing 150 ppm nisin +100 ppm ascorbic acid and the sample containing 200 ppm nisin +100 ppm ascorbic acid had the highest score of overall acceptance. The sample containing 200 ppm nisin +100 ppm ascorbic acid was selected as the best sample with regard to microbial and sensory properties. Therefore, orange juice containing nisin and ascorbic acid has suitable sensory quality and can affect the inhibition of A. acidoterrestris. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

127 - The binding of Aflatoxin M1 to Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria in yogurt drink and its assessment by HPLC quantification method
Roghayeh Sokoutifar Vadood Razavilar Seyed Amir Ali Anvar Shahram Shoeibi

Various foods, including dairy products, may be contaminated with aflatoxin, which even in small amounts has harmful effects on human and animal health. A limited number of probiotics attach and or break down aflatoxins in foods and edible substances. The aim of this st More

Various foods, including dairy products, may be contaminated with aflatoxin, which even in small amounts has harmful effects on human and animal health. A limited number of probiotics attach and or break down aflatoxins in foods and edible substances. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum probiotics and their combinations on the removal of or coupling with aflatoxin M1 in yoghurt drink (Doogh). In this study, 72 treatment and control groups were prepared in three replicates. The groups were included four groups of bacterial L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, and a combination of them, and finally with a non-bacterial group as control (in general four groups). Doogh was prepared at different temperatures (4, 21 and 37 °C) was being before stored for 2, 11 and 30 days. The maximum level of aflatoxin degraded was done in industrial Doogh affected by L. acidophilus plus L. plantarum at all assigned temperatures and days. This maximum level was measured on the second day (100.00 ± 0.86), eleventh day (100.00 ± 1.27) and thirtieth day (100.00 ± 0.60). The results suggest a better food security in using industrial Doogh compared to traditional one. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

128 - Study of frequency of NHE complex genes in Bacillus cereus isolated from cow milk in Tabriz city
Taher Rasoulpour Saman Mahdavi

Bacillus cereus is a gram positive and spore producing bacterium that is widely spread in nature. Many of this bacterium strains cause food poisoning with signs of diarrhea and vomiting. Diarrhea-type diseases cause by haemolytic enterotoxins HBL, non haemolytic NHE and More

Bacillus cereus is a gram positive and spore producing bacterium that is widely spread in nature. Many of this bacterium strains cause food poisoning with signs of diarrhea and vomiting. Diarrhea-type diseases cause by haemolytic enterotoxins HBL, non haemolytic NHE and cytotoxin K. Milk is one of the food products that may be contaminated by livestock with mastitis caused by Bacillus cereus. The aim of this research was the study of frequency of NHE complex genes in Bacillus cereus isolated from cow milk in Tabriz city. 42 samples of Bacillus cereus isolated from cow milk after molecular confirmation were investigated for study of frequency of NHE complex genes by use of specific primers by PCR method. Of 42 tested samples, 41 positive cases were detected. Of 41 Bacillus cereus tested, 37 cases (90.2%), 35 cases (85.3%) and 31 cases (75.6%) harbored nheA, nheB and nheC genes, respectively. 30 samples (73.1%) simultaneously contained all three studied genes. In 3 samples (7.3%) of Bacillus cereus bacteria, no NHE complex genes were observed. The simultaneous presence of NHE complex genes in most of tested Bacillus cereus isolates indicates the high virulence of tested bacteria and their high pathogenic potential. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

129 - Role of extracted bacteriocins from standard isolates as biological preservatives against isolated pathogenic bacteria from different types of fresh meat
Maryam Behbodipour Nima Bahador

Due to the increasing demand for the high quality of meat products, long shelf life, and minimum processing, therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the two standard strains Lactobacillus delbrukii subspp delbrukii )PTCC 1333( and Lactobaci More

Due to the increasing demand for the high quality of meat products, long shelf life, and minimum processing, therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the two standard strains Lactobacillus delbrukii subspp delbrukii )PTCC 1333( and Lactobacillus fermentum (PTCC 1744) on the most common isolated bacteria from meat. In this study, 50 meat samples including red meat, minced meat, and fish were purchased from different areas of Shiraz city. The samples were transferred to the lab and cultivated in Nutrient Broth as well as blood agar. Then the isolates were purified and the most common isolates identified using biochemical tests. The inhibitory activity of the two strains lactobacillus supernatant against the most common isolates was investigated by the good diffusion agar method. As well as to prevent the inhibitory effects of organic acids and H2O2, the supernatant was treated with sodium hydroxide and catalase enzyme. Finally, the most common isolates were identified by PCR molecular technique. Common bacteria were reported by the molecular test as Escherichia coli (16.6%), Enterobacter cloacae (16.6%), Hafnia alvei (50%), and Aeromonas salmonicida (16.6%). The greatest effect of lactic acid bacteria on Escherichia coli, Hafnia alvei, and Aeromonas salmonicida was observed. Among the two standard strains of lactobacillus, Lactobacillus delbrukii has a greater effect on isolated bacteria. The supernatant of the two lactobacilli, without neutralizing with Sodium Hydroxide and catalase, had antimicrobial activity against the most common isolates. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

130 - Survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis and quality properties of yogurt made from goat's milk
Rahele Nezhad Razmjoui Akhgar Shahin Zomorodi

Goat's milk is a proper alternative to cow's milk because of its higher digestibility and lower allergic characteristics, as well as its higher functional nutrient. On the other hand, its health benefits can be increased by the incorporation of probiotics into goat's mi More

Goat's milk is a proper alternative to cow's milk because of its higher digestibility and lower allergic characteristics, as well as its higher functional nutrient. On the other hand, its health benefits can be increased by the incorporation of probiotics into goat's milk. This research aimed to investigate the survivability of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis (B. lactis) individually and in combination on the physicochemical and sensory properties of yogurt made of goat's milk during 21days storage. In this research, 4 treatments were prepared, including control (with no probiotic bacteria), La treatment containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bb treatment containing B. lactis, and LaBb treatment containing a combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus and B. lactis. The results showed that the count of Lactobacillus acidophilus, B. lactis, and their combination reached from 8.54 log cfu/g on the first day to 9.43, 10.06 and 10.75 log cfu/g at the end of the storage period, respectively. At the end of the storage period, the control sample had significantly the highest pH and syneresis and the lowest acidity, water holding capacity, viscosity, and overall acceptability among treatments. However, no significant difference between samples containing probiotic in acidity, pH, viscosity, syneresis, water holding capacity, and overall acceptability was observed. According to the results obtained of this study, yogurt made of goat's milk, in addition to being a suitable carrier for probiotics, its sensory properties improve as a result of the incorporation of these probiotics. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

131 - Feasibility study of producing and evaluation the quality properties of probiotic and synbiotic jelly containing Bacillus coagulans
Elham Rajab Pour Nikoo Samar Mansouripour Javad Hamedi

In this research, jelly samples including probiotic (containing Bacillus coagulans), synbiotic (containing B.coagulans and galactooligosaccharide) and control (without probiotic and prebiotic) were produced and kept in the refrigerator for six weeks. Survival of probiot More

In this research, jelly samples including probiotic (containing Bacillus coagulans), synbiotic (containing B.coagulans and galactooligosaccharide) and control (without probiotic and prebiotic) were produced and kept in the refrigerator for six weeks. Survival of probiotics was evaluated weekly. In order to confirm the safety, microbial tests including E.coli, Salmonella, S.aureus and lactic acid bacteria were carried out. Physicochemical properties of jelly samples including pH, brix and syneresis were considered for six weeks. Sensory evaluation was performed by taste panel assessment. The results showed that there was a decreasing trend of probiotics in probiotic and synbiotic jelly samples within six weeks. The samples kept their probiotic property until sixth week but it was more desirable almost until the fourth and fifth weeks. In safety microbial tests, no growth of the tested microorganisms was observed. Brix test results showed that the trend of brix reduction in probiotic and synbiotic samples was more evident than control from fifth week. This difference was also significant in the sixth week (p<0.05). The pH of the samples did not show significant difference before the fourth week (p>0.05). But after that, the pH of probiotic and synbiotic samples was significantly less than the control (p<0.05). According to the syneresis test, no syneresis was observed in the samples. The results of taste panel showed no significant differences compared to control by adding probiotic or prebiotic to jelly samples (p<0.05). Therefore, according to the results of this research, probiotic and synbiotic jellies can be produced with proper quality characteristics. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

132 - Removal of aflatoxin M1 from milk by adding probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus, L. plantarum, and Saccharomyces boulardii
reza khadivi boroujeni vadood razavilar Seyed Amir Ali Anvar behruz Akbari Ardagani

10.30495/jfm.2021.683006

The current study aimed at removing aflatoxin (0.5 and 0.75 ng/mL) from the reconstituted milk by adding three probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus, L. plantarum and Saccharomyces boulardii in the cell concentration of 107 and 109 CFU/mL at 4°C and 37°C within 30 More

The current study aimed at removing aflatoxin (0.5 and 0.75 ng/mL) from the reconstituted milk by adding three probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus, L. plantarum and Saccharomyces boulardii in the cell concentration of 107 and 109 CFU/mL at 4°C and 37°C within 30 and 90 minutes. The highest activity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus in the removal of aflatoxin M1 was observed in the cell concentration of 107 CFU/mL and 0.75 ng/mL toxin concentration at 37°C (Figure 1) after 90 minutes exposure (64.31% ± 3.79%) and had no significant difference with the optimum value at 30 minutes exposure (63.86% ± 5.00%) (P >0.05). Regardless of aflatoxin M1 and probiotics concentrations, the highest mean marginal estimation of aflatoxin M1 removal from the milk at 4°C in the early minutes belonged to L. plantarum, which gradually became identical for all the three probiotics until the minute 90. The potential of S. boulardii in removing aflatoxin M1 from the milk (96.88% ± 3.79%) gradually increased within the initial minutes (90 minutes) with increasing the concentration of aflatoxin M1 (0.75 ng/mL) and the yeast by 109 CFU/mL at 37°C; binding affinity also decreased with decreasing the temperature. The results of the current study indicated that 107 CFU/mL of S. boulardii can efficiently remove aflatoxin M1 from milk. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

133 - Effect of Bunium Persicum Essential Oil,, NaCl and , Bile Salts on viability of Lactobacillus-acidophilus (ATCC4356)
Zhaleh Khoshkho

The viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus in the commercial preparation process and its usage as probiotic Bactria is useful. The main purpose of this paper is to study the effect of Bunium persicum essential oil (BEO) stress, NaCl, bile salts, and their combinations o More

The viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus in the commercial preparation process and its usage as probiotic Bactria is useful. The main purpose of this paper is to study the effect of Bunium persicum essential oil (BEO) stress, NaCl, bile salts, and their combinations on the viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus Bactria. In the following, the effect of BEO stress (0.5 percent), Nacl (2 percent), bile salt (0.15 percent) in comparison with the treatment instance was studied on the Lactobacillus acidophilus population in the refrigerator. Furthermore, the data analysis process was done with the two-way ANOVA and comparing the means by LSD method in SAS software version 9. The conclusions have been out coming from three-time tests with the consideration of P<0.05 in all test steps. After four weeks of 4-Celsius degree temperature conditions, the viability of Bactria and PH decreased, while the amount of degradation in the treated sample was less than the index in the stressed samples. Moreover, the amount of acidity raised in all samples and this growth in stressed samples was more than a treatment sample (P< 0.05). As a conclusion, using BEO with NaCl and bile salt in the densities below of MIC can lead to the viability of Bactria till the end of 14th-day maintenance in the probiotic product. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

134 - The effect of rice flour on survival of Lactobacillus paracasei in fruit yoghurt and its qualitative properties with response surface methodology
Farnaz Nabizadeh Paniz Zinsaz

In this study the effect of rice flour on survival of lactobacillus paracasei and qualitative properties of fruit yogurt was investigated during storage, using response surface method (RSM). For this, rice flour in three ranges of (0, 1.5 and 3%) was added to the milk. More

In this study the effect of rice flour on survival of lactobacillus paracasei and qualitative properties of fruit yogurt was investigated during storage, using response surface method (RSM). For this, rice flour in three ranges of (0, 1.5 and 3%) was added to the milk. Then the milk and was pasteurized in 85ºC for 15 minutes. After cooling, yoghurt starter culture and probiotic bacterium inoculated in 43 ºC and added into sterile containers containing 15% peach puree. The samples were incubated in 42 ºC until reaching pH 4.6 ±0.1. Then the samples were cooled down to 4 ºC and refrigerated in the same temperature until experiment day. Survival of lactobacillus paracasei, pH, amount of moisture, acidity, syneresis and apparent viscosity and sensory properties were investigated in three periods of (1, 11 and 21 days). The statistical analysis of the results showed that with increasing of rice flour, lactobacillus paracasei count increased and decreased during storage (p Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

135 - Prebiotic effect and functional properties of dietary fiber extracted from Ziziphus mauritiana seeds by alkali-hydrogen peroxide method
mojtaba afrazeh مهرنوش Tadayoni habib abbasi Abdolkarim Sheikhi

10.30495/jfm.2021.682475

This study aimed to extract dietary fiber from the Ziziphus mauritiana seeds by alkaline-hydrogen peroxide extraction method and evaluate its prebiotic and functional properties. For this purpose, seeds were first defatted. Then, its dietary fiber was extracted using al More

This study aimed to extract dietary fiber from the Ziziphus mauritiana seeds by alkaline-hydrogen peroxide extraction method and evaluate its prebiotic and functional properties. For this purpose, seeds were first defatted. Then, its dietary fiber was extracted using alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatment. Prebiotic effect (at concentrations of 1 and 5%) in sugar-free culture medium on Lactobacillus acidophilus was studied for 72 hours. The technological and functional properties of the extracted dietary fibers including DPPH test, cholesterol-binding capacity, glucose adsorption capacity, oil binding capacity and water adsorption capacity were measured. Z. mauritiana seed dietary fiber had water adsorption, oil binding capacity, glucose adsorption capacity, and cholesterol binding capacity equal to 0.51 ml/g, 2.50 g/g, 37.60 mmol/L, and 14.52 mg/g, respectively. The results of the prebiotic evaluation showed that the sample containing 1% Z. mauritiana seed dietary fiber had the lowest pH with pH 5.69 at 48 h (p<0.05). Also, the trend of pH decrease was variable during the time of the test (p<0.05). The results of Lactobacillus acidophilus count indicated that the culture containing 1% Z. mauritiana seed dietary fiber at 48th hour with 4.7 Log CFU/ml had the highest count. Besides, the trend of bacterial multiplication was variable concerning its concentration and over time (p<0.05). Besides, due to its beneficial properties, Z. mauritiana seed dietary fiber can be used as an available and inexpensive source of dietary fiber in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

136 - Optimization of culture medium for exopolysaccharide production by native strains of Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum, and commercial strain of Lactobacillus acidophilus
Maryam Enteshari Najafabadi Leila Roozbeh Nasiraie Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbalouti Hamidreza Noori

10.30495/jfm.2022.1937384.1727

Exopolysaccharides, compounds derived from the metabolites of probiotic bacteria, play an important role in regulating the immune system. Considering the role of culture medium in the production efficiency of exopolysaccharides, the aim of this investigation was to opti More

Exopolysaccharides, compounds derived from the metabolites of probiotic bacteria, play an important role in regulating the immune system. Considering the role of culture medium in the production efficiency of exopolysaccharides, the aim of this investigation was to optimize the culture medium for the production of exopolysaccharides by Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. In addition, the effect of dextrose and sucrose on the production of exopolysaccharide was investigated using paper disks impregnated with probiotic culture medium. Then, the production efficiency and inhibitory power of exopolysaccharide free radicals were investigated in the culture medium after whey alone and with yeast extract and peptone. Sucrose as a carbon source of optimal culture medium for the production of exopolysaccharide is more suitable than dextrose. In addition, the production efficiency and inhibition of free radicals by exopolysaccharides of native probiotic strains in all culture media was significantly higher than commercial strains, which could be due to different enzyme mechanisms. In the cell wall of L. fermentum and L. plantarum is involved in the breakdown of sugars, which plays an important role in the formation of the final structure of the exopolysaccharide. Therefore, it is suggested that for L plantarum and L fermentum, YS culture medium with high production efficiency should be used and there is no significant difference for ATCC bacteria. For medicinal use, we recommend YD culture medium for NIMBB003 bacteria, SS culture medium for NIMBB014 bacteria, and SD culture medium for ATCC bacteria, which has better antioxidant properties and efficiency. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

137 - Evaluation of anti-biofilm effect of aqueous-alcoholic extract of black pepper in vitro and food model
saeed akbari zohreh didar Mohsen Vazifedoost Bahare Hajirostamloo Mahnaz Mohtashami

10.30495/jfm.2022.1942825.1738

The present study aimed to investigate the chemical composition of black pepper (Piper nigrum) aqueous-alcoholic extract and focus on its possible anti-biofilm activity against the two bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in simulated condi More

The present study aimed to investigate the chemical composition of black pepper (Piper nigrum) aqueous-alcoholic extract and focus on its possible anti-biofilm activity against the two bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in simulated conditions of the food model. Chemical analysis was used to identify the chemical composition of black pepper extract by mass spectrometry gas chromatography (GC - MS). The anti-biofilm activity of black pepper was measured using an automatic ELISA reader at 570 nm wavelength. The GC - MS analysis results indicated that the major compounds in black pepper extract include d-3-Carene (20.69%), Limonene (18%), Caryophyllene (17.90%) and b-Pinene (10.52%). According to the results in this study, black pepper aqueous- alcoholic extract with a 50% concentration had the highest effect in preventing the biofilm formation of both bacteria In addition, there was no significant difference between black pepper extract (50%) and peracetic acid 0/5% in the antibiofilm activity. There was also no significant difference in the type of bacterial growth media (TSB culture and fish extract) on bacterial biofilm formation in the presence of black pepper extract. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

138 - Investigating the growth ability of Lactobacillus plantarum on sesame meal multure medium
Marjan sadat Mousavi Mohammad Hojjatoleslamy Zeinab Al-Sadat Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi Hossein Kiani Seyed Mohammad Ali Jalali

10.30495/jfm.2023.1961304.1777

Sesame oil meal is a protein-rich by-product obtained from sesame seed oil extraction, which is seen as one of the cultivation wastes with high nutritional value and cheap price and is abundantly accessible in the agriculture industry. This product can also be used as a More

Sesame oil meal is a protein-rich by-product obtained from sesame seed oil extraction, which is seen as one of the cultivation wastes with high nutritional value and cheap price and is abundantly accessible in the agriculture industry. This product can also be used as a cheap substrate for the growth of Beneficial microorganisms including probiotics. This research examines the growth of Lactobacillus Plantarum As a probiotic in the sesame meal culture media under different incubation conditions to achieve the best microbial count of probiotic bacterium of Lactobacillus Plantarum. Sesame meal paste with an initial pH of 6.5 was used as the culture medium, with incubation conditions including aerobic conditions under three temperature rates of 30, 37 and 44°C for 48 hours. The findings revealed that the bacterium could grow in the sesame meal medium, increasing the microbial population to 108cfu/g at the end of fermentation under 30 and 37°C. Also, Lactobacillus Plantarum significantly reduced the pH of all fermented samples under all temperatures (p<0/05), with the pH decreasing by most around 4.85 at 37°C. The findings also suggested that the combination of fatty acids of the sesame meal culture medium changed due to Lactobacillus Plantarum growth. Fatty acids (C15:0), (C15:1), (C16:0), (C16:1), (C18:1t), (C18:1c), (C21:0) and (C24:1) increased significantly (p<0.05), whereas fatty acids (C14:1), (C17:0), (C18:1c), (C18:2c), (C20:0), (C18:3n3), (C20:1), (C22: 0) and (C24: 0) decreased significantly (p<0/05). In the meantime, fermentation helped produce (C17:1) and (C22:1) and consume linoleic acid. In sum, sesame meal can serve as a nutrient and cost-saving medium to grow Lactobacillus Plantarum. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

139 - The study of addition of green tea extract on some physicochemical and sensory properties of probiotic set yogurt
Nasrin Azarjam Ali Reza Shahab Lavasani Anooshe Sharifan

10.30495/jfm.2022.674052

In this study, supplementation of probiotic stirred yogurt by different percentages of green tea extract and measurement of survival rate of lactobacillus casei also some physicochemical and sensory properties were studied during storage in refrigerator. Four treatments More

In this study, supplementation of probiotic stirred yogurt by different percentages of green tea extract and measurement of survival rate of lactobacillus casei also some physicochemical and sensory properties were studied during storage in refrigerator. Four treatments were made with different percentages of green tea extract as follows: T1, T2, T3 and T4, which involved (0, 2, 4 and 6%) of green tea extract respectively. T1 as a control sample and also concentration of l. casei for all treatments was regulated about 108 cfu/ml.  Three replications were determined for each sample and all experiments were done according to Completely Randomized Design (CRD) during (1, 7 and 14) days of storage. The highest content of acidity was attributed to T4, the highest value for dry matter was attributed to T1. Fat % of all treatments was constant during storage and total phenol for T4 was the highest content. The measurement of survival rate of all treatments showed that T4 had highest value. Synersis% of T4 was highest value. Sensory evaluations were carried out according to hedonics’ test and all sensorial scores decreased by adding tea extract. Totally addition of green tea extract had negatively effects on synersis content according to microbial, physicochemical and sensory evaluations, the best treatments was T2 among other treatments and had more similarity to T1 as a control sample. The addition of green tea extracts up to 2% could be improve viability of L. casei and also did not undesirable effect on sensory properties of probiotic set yogurt. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

140 - Evaluation of the prevalence rate and antibiotic resistance pattern of Bacillus cereus in infant formula and foods containing formula
Beigom Omidi Shila Safaian Nahid RahimiFard Rezvan Mosavi Nadoshen Babak Porakbari

10.30495/jfm.2023.1977383.1802

The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the antibiotic resistance pattern of Bacillus cereus in ice cream, cake, cheese, and infant formula. For this purpose, 600 samples were prepared from food sales centers in Tehran and transferred to the quality c More

The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the antibiotic resistance pattern of Bacillus cereus in ice cream, cake, cheese, and infant formula. For this purpose, 600 samples were prepared from food sales centers in Tehran and transferred to the quality control laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Tehran University of Medical Sciences and cultured on the special culture medium of Bacillus cereus, MYP, which contained polymyxin B supplement and egg yolk. Then, from the pink colonies, gram staining and catalase test were performed and the sensitivity of the isolated bacteria to ampicillin, penicillin, vancomycin, cefazolin, methicillin, cefixime, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, cefepime and tetracycline was evaluated based on the disc diffusion method. According to the results, no contamination with B. cereus was observed in any of the cake, cheese and ice cream samples. However, out of 150 infant formula samples, 30 samples were infected with B. cereus (18 samples < 10 CFU/g, 7 samples had 10-102 CFU/g, and 5 samples>102 CFU/g). B. cereus isolated from infant formula has the highest sensitivity to vancomycin (67.76%), tetracycline (70%), and chloramphenicol (33.63%) antibiotics and had the highest level of resistance to penicillin (100%), cefixime antibiotics (100%) and ampicillin (67.96%). The general results indicated a significant prevalence of B. cereus in the tested milk, which due to the growing trend of using milk powder and more importance to the quality and health evaluation of milk powders for consumption, contamination investigation and preventive approaches should be given more attention. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

141 - Investigation of lactobacilli isolated from traditional Maragheh cheese and evaluation of their acid production capacity at different times and temperatures
omid mirzaei tash Mohammad Ali Shabkhiz

10.30495/jfm.2022.1831690.1442

Probiotic bacteria are microbial food supplements that are present in appropriate amounts in the digestive system and are beneficial to human health. Emong the probiotic bacteria, lactobacillus most common type of bacteria that are in dairy products and production lacti More

Probiotic bacteria are microbial food supplements that are present in appropriate amounts in the digestive system and are beneficial to human health. Emong the probiotic bacteria, lactobacillus most common type of bacteria that are in dairy products and production lactic acid during the fermentation. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify of lactobacillus from bacteria flora of traditional Maragheh cheese and determine the technological properties their lipolitic and proteolitic activity. For this purpose lactic bacteria isolated by common methods of cultivation and identification according to PCR and biochemical properties and then done supplementary tests for full recognition present isolates such warm coloration, oxidase, catalase test, and ability of acid production and pH changes by lactobacillus evaluated during different times and optimum temperature for growth. The results showed that in all samples, the acidity increased significantly (P <0.05) and the pH decreased over time. Acidity increased significantly (P <0.05) in all samples and in temperature 30, 37, 42, 45c and during 0, 4,8,24,48 h and observed in 48 to 72 h in several samples low decrease and also pH was regular decrease in all samples and high temperature to 48 h and in 48 to 72 h in most samples and temperatures were fixed amount. Therefore, Maragheh traditional cheese is a valuable source of Lactobacillus bacteria, which allows consumers to find a new way to enjoy health. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

142 - Investigation of the inhibitory effect of engineered probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus on the growth of Salmonella enteritidis
Mottahareh Eskandari Abbas Doosti

10.30495/jfm.2023.1962324.1778

Probiotics are living cellular components that have beneficial effects on the host in a certain number when they enter the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to produce and evaluate the effects of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus, which e More

Probiotics are living cellular components that have beneficial effects on the host in a certain number when they enter the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to produce and evaluate the effects of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus, which expresses the peach's peptide Tachyplesin I, on the growth of Salmonella. The recombinant plasmid pNZ8148- Tachyplesin containing the Tachyplesin gene was introduced into E. coli by heat shock and then purified. The recombinant vector containing the tachiplicin gene was then inserted into Lactobacillus acidophilus by electroporation method and screened by chloramphenicol antibiotic and PCR. Then, the inhibitory effect of engineered Lactobacillus acidophilus on the growth of Salmonella was investigated and compared with antibiotic discs..After confirmation of the entry of plasmid pNZ8148-Tachyplesin into Lactobacillus acidophilus, it had an inhibitory effect on the growth of Salmonella pathogenic bacterium as the diameter of the growth inhibition zone created on Salmonella was acceptable under the influence of engineered Lactobacillus. After comparing the diameter of the auras of ampicillin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline antibiotic disks with engineered lactobacillus and performing statistical analysis, no significant difference was reported. Considering that the presence of Tachyplesin gene in Lactobacillus acidophilus was confirmed, the resulting growth inhibition zone around Salmonella indicates that the expression and secretion of Tachyplesin gene in Lactobacillus has an antibiotic-like effect on Salmonella. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

143 - Antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential of biosurfactants isolated from lactobacillus acidophilus and lactobacillus casei against pathogenic bacteria
Fatemeh Noorbakhsh alireza varpaei sahar Honarmand Jahromi

10.30495/jfm.2023.1981105.1811

Introduction: One of the characteristics of lactobacilli is their ability to produce biosurfactant compounds. In this research, the biosurfactant of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei was used to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm potential again More

Introduction: One of the characteristics of lactobacilli is their ability to produce biosurfactant compounds. In this research, the biosurfactant of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei was used to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm potential against four pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. Materials and methods: Biosurfactant extraction was done from Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei, using the method of determining the minimum growth inhibitory concentration (MIC) was used to determine the antimicrobial potential. Also, the micro titer plate method was used to measure the anti-biofilm potential and the type of biofilm of each strain was determined in the presence of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei biosurfactant in different concentrations.Results: Determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for pathogen strains, the highest percentage was observed at the concentration of 125 and 250 mg/ml. The anti-biofilm effect of biosurfactant has been used in the approximate concentrations of 62.5 mg/ml, 125 mg/ml and 250 mg/ml. Determination of antibiotic sensitivity showed the results of sensitive, semi-sensitive and resistant states, but the results obtained for Acinetobacter baumannii shows resistance to all antibiotic discs.Conclusion: The biosurfactant isolated from Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei had antibacterial properties against pathogenic bacteria, also the biosurfactant of Lactobacilli showed that it has anti-biofilm capability. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

144 - A survey on bacterial contamination of fruit juice with Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris using PCR and RFLP
Hossein Motamedi Amir TajBakhsh

Abstract Alicyclobacillus is an endospore forming and heat resistant bacterium that can cause changes in odor and color of fruit juice and make significant losses to juice industries. The purpose of this study was to identify this bacterium from different juic More

Abstract Alicyclobacillus is an endospore forming and heat resistant bacterium that can cause changes in odor and color of fruit juice and make significant losses to juice industries. The purpose of this study was to identify this bacterium from different juices by PCR using specific primers. To do so, DNA extraction and PCR was done after culture and incubation. Of 24 tested samples, 5 cases were examined. As a consequence of enzymatic digestion with EcoR1 and electrophoresis, 118 and 528 bp fragments were obtained that are in accordance with RFLP pattern of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris. With regard to the obtained results, it can be claimed that contamination to this bacterium makes some problems in fruit juice industry. To diagnosis it better, PCR with high sensitivity can be used since it reduce the expenditures and save the time. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

145 - Isolation Alicyclobacillusacidoterrestris specific bacteriophage, the causative agent of fruit juice spoilage, from soil
Amir TajBakhsh S.Elham Rezatofighi Hossein Motamedi Solmaz Rafiae

Abstract Alicyclobacillusacidoterrestris is the main bacterial agent of fruit juice spoilage and the methods for its elimination are much paid attention to. Recently, using this phage for controlling bacteria in food products has received special attention. The aim of More

Abstract Alicyclobacillusacidoterrestris is the main bacterial agent of fruit juice spoilage and the methods for its elimination are much paid attention to. Recently, using this phage for controlling bacteria in food products has received special attention. The aim of this study was to isolate the specific bacteriophages of A. acidoterrestris from soil. In this study, the samples collected from the soil around the Cedruslibani (Cedar) trees were investigated after being centrifuged and filtered to seek the understudied phage. Bacterial culture equal to0.5 McFarland turbidity, isolated from fruit juice and confirmed by molecular and biochemical techniques, was prepared in AAB. Adding a certain amount of environmental samples allowed the phage to be replicated in the environmentcontainingbacteria. Then, the environment was centrifuged and the supernatant, which is the source of the phage, was filtered. The pure phage suspension was assessed in double agar method for studying the formation, shape and size of plaques. Plaque formation confirmed the presence of bacteriophages in the filtrate. Consequently, the heat and acid resistant bacteriophage was isolated from the soilaround the Cedruslibani (Cedar) trees. The results revealed the presence of specific bacteriophage of A. acidoterrestris. This phage can be used for eliminating of this bacterium in fruit juice. Stability of these bacteriophages in fruit juices its specific. Preserving the fruit quality side is of advantages of using this bacteriophage comparing to other methods. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

146 - A report on pasteurized orange juice contamination with Bacillus licheniformis
Hossein Motamedi Amir TajBakhsh

Abstract Presence of the Fruit juice spoilage bacteria, including Bacillus spp., can be problematic in fruit juice industry. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the bacteria being able to tolerate orange juice pasteurization conditions. In this study, 16 s More

Abstract Presence of the Fruit juice spoilage bacteria, including Bacillus spp., can be problematic in fruit juice industry. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the bacteria being able to tolerate orange juice pasteurization conditions. In this study, 16 samples of orange juice were prepared and investigated in sterile conditions. 0.5 ml of each sample was inoculated in orange serum agar medium and incubated at 43 °C. The isolates were identified using biochemical and antibiogram tests. As a result, From 16 prepared samples, 2 samples were contaminated with bacteria. The bacterium isolated from these samples was able to grow at up to 50 °C on Orange Serum agar. This isolate was then identified as Bacillus licheniformis using the classification system of Linnaeus. Despite of having no pathogenic nature and producing the spores resistant to temperature and acid, Bacillus licheniformis is of great importance according to the viewpoint that it can be mistaken in primary detection by Bacillus of fruit juice which are the spoilage agents and differentiated tests should be done to separate them from Alicyclobacillus spp. for preventing from presenting wrong report. Furthermore, the isolation of these bacteria indicates the inappropriateness of processing conditions to eliminate bacteria from fruit juice that may provide possibilities for growth of fruit juice spoilage bacteria. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

147 - A report on pasteurized orange juice contamination to Bacillus licheniformis
Hossein Motamedi Amir TajBakhsh

Presence of the Fruit juice spoilage bacteria, including Bacillus spp., can be problematic in fruit juice industry. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the bacteria being able to tolerate orange juice pasteurization conditions. In this study, 16 samples of More

Presence of the Fruit juice spoilage bacteria, including Bacillus spp., can be problematic in fruit juice industry. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the bacteria being able to tolerate orange juice pasteurization conditions. In this study, 16 samples of orange juice were prepared and investigated in sterile conditions. 0.5 ml of each sample was inoculated in orange serum agar medium and incubated at 43 °C. The isolates were identified using biochemical and antibiogram tests. As a result, From 16 prepared samples, 2 samples were contaminated with bacteria. The bacterium isolated from these samples was able to grow at up to 50 °C on Orange Serum agar. This isolate was then identified as Bacillus licheniformis using the classification system of Linnaeus. Despite of having no pathogenic nature and producing the spores resistant to temperature and acid, Bacillus licheniformis is of great importance according to the viewpoint that it can be mistaken in primary detection by Bacilluses of fruit juice which are the spoilage agents and differentiated tests should be done to separate them from Alicyclobacillus spp for preventing from presenting wrong report. Furthermore, the isolation of these bacteria indicates the inappropriateness of processing conditions to eliminate bacteria from fruit juice that may provide possibilities  for growth of fruit juice spoilage bacteria. Manuscript profile

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148 - بهینه سازی تولید آلیزارین توسط محرک های زیستی مختلف در گیاه روناس با روش تحریک-اینفیلتراسیون
سونا اعیادی طیبه سلیمانی

مقدمه و هدف: روناس با نام علمی Rubia tinctorum، یکی از شناخته شده‌ترین گیاهان دارویی هست که آلیزارین و دیگر آنتراکینون‌ها که مواد رنگی مهمی با اثرات دارویی هستند، از آن استخراج می‌شوند. هدف از این تحقیق بهینه‌سازی و افزایش تولید آلیزارین در گیاه کامل روناس با القای محرک More

مقدمه و هدف: روناس با نام علمی Rubia tinctorum، یکی از شناخته شده‌ترین گیاهان دارویی هست که آلیزارین و دیگر آنتراکینون‌ها که مواد رنگی مهمی با اثرات دارویی هستند، از آن استخراج می‌شوند. هدف از این تحقیق بهینه‌سازی و افزایش تولید آلیزارین در گیاه کامل روناس با القای محرک‌های زیستی می‌باشد. روش تحقیق: جهت افزایش تولید آلیزارین، محرک‌های باکتریایی (استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس و باسیلوس اورئوس در غلظت-های نیم و یک مک فارلند) قارچی ( فوزاریوم اگزوسپوریوم و آسپرژیلوس فومیگاتوس در غلظت‌های mg total sugar/mL 2/0 و 4/0) به گیاه کامل روناس به طور مستقیم با استفاده از سوزن‌های بسیار نازک انسولین می‌باشد، تزریق شد که این روش elicitation-infiltration نام دارد. سپس مقدار آلیزارین این نمونه‌ها با استفاده از روش استاندارد افزایشی توسط روش UV-Visible مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج و بحث: استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس (1 مک فارلند) موثرترین محرک در افزایش زیست توده بود. علاوه بر این، در بین محرک‌های قارچی، آسپرژیلوس فومیگاتوس با غلظت mg total sugar/mL 4/0 مهم‌ترین کمک را در افزایش زیست توده آشکار کرد. به کارگیری محرک‌های باکتریایی افزایش محسوسی را در مقدار آلیزارین در همه غلظت‌ها ایجاد کرد. بیشترین افزایش (5 برابری) را نیم مک فارلند باسیلوس سرئوس داشته است. علاوه بر این، فوزاریوم اگزوسپوریوم نتایج برجسته-ای را در افزایش تولید آلیزارین از خود نشان داده است. توصیه کاربردی صنعتی: طبق اطلاعات به دست آمده، کاربرد روش elicitation-infiltration برای افزایش تولید آلیزارین برای اولین بار مورد استفاده قرار گرفته شده است و طبق نتایج ، این روش می تواند روش موثری برای بررسی های بیشتر در مورد بهینه سازی تولید متابولیت های ثانویه در گیاهان دیگر نیز به کار گرفته شود. Manuscript profile

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149 - تأثیر گوگرد و تیوباسیلوس بر قابلیت جذب عناصر غذایی، رشد رویشی و تولید اسانس در بادرنجبویه (Melissa officinalis L)
مهراب یادگاری رحیم برزگر

مقدمه و هدف: تغذیه مطلوب گیاهان دارویی و معطر نقش بسزایی در تولید کمی و کیفی اسانس این گروه از گیاهان دارد. گوگرد همانند سایر عناصر غذایی ضروری گیاه نقش مؤثری در رشد و تولید گیاهان دارد. جهت مطالعه اثر تیوباسیلوس، گوگرد و ماده آلی بر رشد رویشی و تولید اسانس در گیاه دارو More

مقدمه و هدف: تغذیه مطلوب گیاهان دارویی و معطر نقش بسزایی در تولید کمی و کیفی اسانس این گروه از گیاهان دارد. گوگرد همانند سایر عناصر غذایی ضروری گیاه نقش مؤثری در رشد و تولید گیاهان دارد. جهت مطالعه اثر تیوباسیلوس، گوگرد و ماده آلی بر رشد رویشی و تولید اسانس در گیاه دارویی بادرنجبویه (Melissa officinalis L. ) آزمایشی به صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی در درون گلدان تحت شرایط مزرعه‌ای در بهار و تابستان 1387 در شهرکرد انجام شد. روش تحقیق: تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل 10 تیمار به شرح 200، 400 و 600 کیلوگرم در هکتار گوگرد، ترکیب گوگرد با تیوباسیلوس به میزان 6% وزنی این مقادیر، ترکیب گوگرد و تیوباسیلوس با ماده آلی به میزان 5% وزنی مقادیر مذکور و تیمار شاهد در 3 تکرار بودند.نتایج و بحث: نتایج بهدست آمده از این آزمایش نشان داد که تفاوت‌های معنیداری در مورد عناصر ریزمغذی مس، روی، آهن و منگنز موجود در خاک گلدان‌ها پس از برداشت و همچنین وزن تر، وزن خشک، تعداد شاخه جانبی و میزان اسانس در بین تیمارهای بهکار رفته وجود داشت. بیشترین مقادیر مس و منگنز قابل جذب موجود در خاک پس از برداشت، وزن تر و خشک گیاه در آغاز گلدهی و تعداد شاخه جانبی؛ در تیمار 400 کیلوگرم در هکتار گوگرد + تیوباسیلوس + ماده آلی و کمترین این مقادیر در تیمار شاهد بدست آمد. با توجه به تحقیقات اندک در زمینه تأثیرگذاری عنصر گوگرد بر تولید اسانس، در این آزمایش مشاهده گردید که بیشترین میزان اسانس تولیدی در تیمارهای 400 کیلوگرم در هکتار گوگرد+ تیوباسیلوس + ماده آلی و 600 کیلوگرم در هکتار گوگرد + تیوباسیلوس + ماده آلی، بهدست آمد. همبستگی بین صفات مورد ارزیابی نشان داد که بین تولید ماده خشک گیاهی، میزان اسانس گیاهی، مقدار مس و روی قابل جذب موجود در خاک پس از برداشت رابطه مستقیم و مثبت وجود دارد.توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: به طور کلی میتوان میزان 400-600 کیلوگرم در هکتار گوگرد به همراه تیوباسیلوس به میزان 6 درصد وزنی کود گوگردی و کود دامی به میزان 5 درصد وزنی کود گوگردی جهت بهبود رشد و میزان اسانس گیاه دارویی بادرنجبویه را پیشنهاد نمود. Manuscript profile

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150 - فعالیت ضد میکروبی عصاره استونی Salvia officinalis در برابر جدایه های بیماریزا
قزلباش ق. ر پریشانی م. ر فویوانی م .ح

مقدمه وهدف: Salvia officinalis  به عنوان یک داروی سنتی در درمان برخی از بیماریها در کشورهایی از جمله لبنان، سوریه، اردن و .... شناخته شده است. به علاوه S. officinalis  در مطالعات مختلف برای بررسی تاثیرات دارویی مورد آزمایش قرار گرفته است. هدف در این مطالعه برر More

مقدمه وهدف: Salvia officinalis  به عنوان یک داروی سنتی در درمان برخی از بیماریها در کشورهایی از جمله لبنان، سوریه، اردن و .... شناخته شده است. به علاوه S. officinalis  در مطالعات مختلف برای بررسی تاثیرات دارویی مورد آزمایش قرار گرفته است. هدف در این مطالعه بررسی فعالیت ضد باکتریایی این گیاه در برابر تعدادی از باکتریها بوده است. روش تحقیق: سه عصاره مختلف ( عصاره آبی، استون و اتانولی) از نظر ویژگیهای ضد باکتری در برابر باسیلوس آنتراسیس، باسیلوس سرئوس، اشریشیاکلی و استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس با روش انتشار دیسکی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج و بحث: عصاره های اتانولی تاثیرات ضد باکتریایی متوسطی را نشان دادند در حالیکه عصاره های استونی به خصوص عصاره برگها تاثیر قدرتمندی در این زمینه داشتند. از سوی دیگر عصاره های آبی هیچ فعالیت ضد باکتریایی در برابر باکتریهای مورد آزمایش نشان ندادند. نتایج نشان دهنده فعالیت بازدارندگی عصاره استونی با MIC معادل 10 میلی گرم در میلی لیتر برای باسیلوس آنتراسیس و MIC معادل 30 میلی گرم در میلی لیتر برای استاف اورئوس بود. میکروارگانیسمهای گرم منفی حساسیت بیشتری نسبت به عصاره ها نشان دادند. در مجموع می توان گفت که عصاره های استخراج شده توسط حلالهای آلی به خصوص استون می تواند به عنوان یک ترکیب ضدباکتری مورد استفاده قرار گیرد و نیز به این نکته می توان اشاره کرد که چنانچه قطبیت حلال کاهش می یابد ترکیبات ضد باکتری و بنابراین فعالیت عصاره افزایش نشان می دهد. توصیه های کاربردی/صنعتی: عصارهSalvia officinalisمی تواند به عنوان پماد برای درمان زخم استفاده شود و به عنوان یک داروی جدید در برابر باسیلوس آنتراسیس معرفی شود. Manuscript profile

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151 - اثرات پروبیوتیک روی پاسخ ایمنی و ریخت‌شناسی روده در جوجه های در معرض استرس القاء شده با کورتیکوسترون
ف. عابد درگاهی ح. درمانی‌کوهی ر. حسن ساجدی ع. روستایی علی‌مهر س.ح. حسینی‌مقدم

این آزمایش با هدف بررسی اثرات سطوح مختلف اسپور باسیلوس سوبتلیس به عنوان پروبیوتیک روی پاسخ ایمنی، مورفولوژی روده و قابلیت هضم ایلئومی ماده خشک خوراک در جوجه‌های گوشتی در معرض تنش القایی با کورتیکوستورن انجام شد. 288 جوجه خروس نژاد رأس 308 یکروزه در 6 تیمار به صورت طرح ک More

این آزمایش با هدف بررسی اثرات سطوح مختلف اسپور باسیلوس سوبتلیس به عنوان پروبیوتیک روی پاسخ ایمنی، مورفولوژی روده و قابلیت هضم ایلئومی ماده خشک خوراک در جوجه‌های گوشتی در معرض تنش القایی با کورتیکوستورن انجام شد. 288 جوجه خروس نژاد رأس 308 یکروزه در 6 تیمار به صورت طرح کاملا تصادفی در قالب فاکتوریل با دو سطح تزریق کورتیکوسترون و سه سطح مصرف پروبیوتیک (0، 106×0.8 و 106×1.6 در هر گرم خوراک)اختصاص داده شدند. در سنین 7 تا 9 روزگی ( سه روز) جوجه‌ها به صورت تزریق زیر پوستی کورتیکوسترون یا روغن به مقدار 2 میلی‌گرم به ازای هر کیلو وزن بدن دو بار در روز دریافت نمودند. همین مراحل تزریق در روزهای 25 تا 27 نیز تکرار شد. تزریق کورتیکوسترون موجب تغییر معنی‌دار مورفولوژی روده شامل طول پرز و نسبت طول پرز به عمق کریپت و هضم ماده خشک گردید. این پارامترها به طور نسبی با استفاده از پروبیوتیک افزایش یافتند. نسبت هتروفیل به لمفوسیت با تزریق کورتیکوسترون افزایش یافت اما تحت تأثیر مصرف پروبیوتیک قرار نگرفت. در حالیکه با تزریق کورتیکوسترون غلظت لمفوسیت‌ها در بخش مدولای بورس کاهش یافت، این اثر منفی توسط پروبیوتیک بهبود یافت. گروه مصرف پروبیوتیک 106 × 1.6 در هر گرم خوراک تأثیر بیشتری نسبت به گروه 106 × 0.8 داشت. به عنوان نتیجه کلی، مصرف پروبیوتیک بر پایه اسپور باسیلوس سوبتلیس میتواند اثرات استرس القاء شده با کورتیکوسترون را تخفیف دهد. Manuscript profile

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152 - اثر پری‌بیوتیک و نوع تنظیم خوراک بر عملکرد، جمعیت میکروبی روده و تولید گاز در روده کور مرغان تخمگذار
ه. جهانیان نجف‌آبادی ع.1. ساکی ز. بهرامی ع. احمدی د. علی‌پور م. عبدالملکی

در این آزمایش، اثر پریبیوتیک بایوماس® و نوع تنظیم خوراک (بر اساس اسید‌آمینه کل و قابل هضم) بر عملکرد و جمعیت میکروبی روده باریک مرغان تخمگذار در یک دوره آزمایشی به مدت 10 هفته مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. تعداد 168 قطعه مرغ تخمگذار سویه‌های لاین 36-W در سن 73 هفتگی More

در این آزمایش، اثر پریبیوتیک بایوماس® و نوع تنظیم خوراک (بر اساس اسید‌آمینه کل و قابل هضم) بر عملکرد و جمعیت میکروبی روده باریک مرغان تخمگذار در یک دوره آزمایشی به مدت 10 هفته مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. تعداد 168 قطعه مرغ تخمگذار سویه‌های لاین 36-W در سن 73 هفتگی به طور تصادفی به 4 تیمار آزمایشی، 7 تکرار و 6 پرنده در هر تکرار اختصاص داده شدند. این مطالعه در قالب آزمایش فاکتوریل 2 × 2 با طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی شامل دو سطح پریبیوتیک (0 و 5/0 کیلوگرم در تن جیره) و دو نوع تنظیم اسید‌آمینه خوراک (کل و قابل هضم) انجام شد. تولید تخم مرغ، وزن تخم مرغ، توده تخم مرغ، میانگین مصرف خوراک روزانه و ضریب تبدیل غذایی بوسیله پریبیوتیک بایوماس®، نوع تنظیم اسید‌آمینه خوراک و اثر متقابل آنها به طور معنیداری تحت تأثیر قرار نگرفتند. پارامترهای کیفی تخم مرغ شامل وزن مخصوص، ضخامت پوسته، وزن پوسته، واحد هاو و رنگ زرده تحت تأثیر پریبیوتیک بایوماس® و نوع تنظیم اسید‌آمینه خوراک قرار نگرفتند (05/0P>). هیچ اثر معنیداری از پریبیوتیک بایوماس®، نوع تنظیم اسید آمینه خوراک و اثر متقابل آنها بر شمارش باکتریهای لاکتوباسیل در ایلئوم مرغان تخمگذار مشاهده نشد (05/0P>). هیچ اختلاف معنیداری از نظر سرعت و حجم تولید گاز در روده کور بین تیمارهای آزمایشی وجود نداشت (05/0P>). در نتیجه افزودنی خوراکی مورد استفاده در این مطالعه تأثیر معنیداری بر عملکرد، شمارش باکتری لاکتوباسیلوس در روده و تولید گاز و جمعیت میکروبی روده کور مرغان تخمگذار نداشت. Manuscript profile

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153 - Effects of Different Sources of Probiotics on Performance, Carcass, Intestinal Morphology and Bone Characteristics in Broiler Chickens
F. Naghibi H.R. Aliakbarpour V. Rezaeipour

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154 - اثر مکمل جیره‌ای آسپرژیلوس زایلاناز روی عملکرد جوجه‌های گوشتی
سی.ای. اُییگو وی. ملامبو وی. موچنج یو. ماروم

اثر مکمل آسپرژیلوس زایلاناز (ASXYL) در جیره‌های غذایی ذرت سویا روی آسپارتات آمینوترانسفراز سرم، آلانین آمینوترانسفراز سرم، تست میکوبی، صفات رشد، خصوصیات لاشه و صفات کیفیت گوشت جوجه‌های گوشتی بررسی شد. 300 جوجه گوشتی یکروزه جنس مختلط Cobb 500 به 5 جیره‌ غذایی با 5 تکرار More

اثر مکمل آسپرژیلوس زایلاناز (ASXYL) در جیره‌های غذایی ذرت سویا روی آسپارتات آمینوترانسفراز سرم، آلانین آمینوترانسفراز سرم، تست میکوبی، صفات رشد، خصوصیات لاشه و صفات کیفیت گوشت جوجه‌های گوشتی بررسی شد. 300 جوجه گوشتی یکروزه جنس مختلط Cobb 500 به 5 جیره‌ غذایی با 5 تکرار هرکدام 12 پرنده اختصاص یافت. تیمارها شامل، ASXYL0 (0 g/kg)، ASXYL10 (1 g/kg)، ASXYL15 (1.5g/kg)، ASXYL20 (2g/kg) و ASXYL25 (2.5 g/kg) بودند. پرنده‌های تغذیه شده با ASXYL20 بیشترین وزن بدن (05/0P<) با ضریب تبدیل بهبود یافته (FCR) و مقادیر بالاتری برای ران، سینه، بال و عملکرد لاشه داشتند. وزن گردن برای پرندگان تغذیه شده با ASXYL0، ASXYL15 و ASXYL20 بالا بود (05/0P<). مقدار ران مرغ رکورد برداری شده بالاتر (05/0P<) برای پرندگان تغذیه شده با ASXYL20 اگرچه، مشابه با ASXYL10، ASXYL15 و ASXYL25. از دست دادن آب میان بافتی و کیفیت پخت و پز با افزایش سطوح مکمل ASXY کاهش داشت (05/0P<) اگرچه نیروی برشی همراه با افزایش مکمل ASXYL افزایش داشت. اوره، آسپارتات آمینوترانسفراز و آلانین ترانسفراز با افزایش سطوح مکمل ASXYL کاهش داشت اگرچه سطح گلوکز با افزایش سطوح مکمل ASXYL افزایش داشت. مکمل ASXYL تکثر شمار لاکتوباسیلوس‌ها در ایلئوم و سکوم را تحت تأثیر قرار داد اگرچه هیچ تفاوتی (05/0<P) روی جمعیت بیفیدوباکتریا و اشرشیاکلی هم در ایلئوم هم در سکوم جوجه‌های گوشتی در پایان آزمایش تغذیه‌ای مشاهده نشد. نتیجه گرفته شده که جیره ASXYL20 وزن بدن بهبود یافته بیشتر و مقادیر برشی جزئی تولید می‌کند. به‌علاوه، نشان‌گرهای زیستی نشان دادند که ASXYL وضعیت سلامتی جوجه‌های گوشتی را بهبود داده و آنزیم آزمون شده بر محیط روده تأثیر مثبت گذاشت. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

155 - ارزیابی پتانسیل پروبیوتیکی برخی سویه‌های بومی لاکتوباسیلوس بر عملکرد تخمگذاری و پارامترهای کیفی تخم بلدرچین ژاپنی
س.ع. سیادتی ی. ابراهیم نژاد غ. صالحی جوزانی ج. شایق

هدف از این تحقیق ارزیابی تأثیر غلظت‌های مختلف چهار سویه بومی لاکتوباسیلوس بر عملکرد تخمگذاری و کیفیت تخم بلدرچین بود. برای انجام این تحقیق، شش هفته آزمایشات فارمی در قالب یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار‌، 7 تیمار و 8 قطعه بلدرچین به ازای هر تکرار بر روی 224 قطعه بلدر More

هدف از این تحقیق ارزیابی تأثیر غلظت‌های مختلف چهار سویه بومی لاکتوباسیلوس بر عملکرد تخمگذاری و کیفیت تخم بلدرچین بود. برای انجام این تحقیق، شش هفته آزمایشات فارمی در قالب یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار‌، 7 تیمار و 8 قطعه بلدرچین به ازای هر تکرار بر روی 224 قطعه بلدرچین انجام شد. چهار سویه بومی لاکتوباسیلوس که قبلاً پتانسیل پروبیوتیکی آن‌ها در شرایط آزمایشگاهی ثابت شده بود در یک فرمانتور 10 لیتری کشت و سپس لیوفلیزه شدند (CFU/g 1010). تیمارها شامل: تیمار 1) شاهد (جیره پایه بدون پروبیوتیک)، تیمار 2) جیره پایه + پریمالاک (454 گرم/تن)، تیمار 3) جیره پایه + پروتکسین (50 گرم/تن) و تیمارهای 4، 5، 6 و 7 به ترتیب دارای 50، 100، 150 و 200 گرم از مخلوط چهار سویه بومی پروبیوتیک به ازای هر تن جیره غذایی بودند. سویه‌های بومی و پروبیوتیک تجاری پروتکسین توانستند به‌ طور معنی‌داری درصد تولید، ضریب تبدیل غذایی و توده تخم را در طول دوره تخمگذاری بهبود ببخشند (P<‌0.05)، در حالیکه هیچ تأثیر معنی‌داری بر روی مصرف خوراک و وزن تخم مشاهده نشد (P>‌0.05). تیمارهای حاوی پروبیوتیک دارای تأثیر مثبت معنی‌داری بر روی ارتفاع سفیده تخم، واحد هاو و واحد کیفیت داخلی تخم بودند (P<‌0.05)، در حالیکه هیچ اختلاف معنی‌داری در بین تیمارها در خصوص صفات وزن پوسته، وزن زرده و وزن سفیده تخم بلدرچین‌ها مشاهده نشد (P>‌0.05). در انتها می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که استفاده از سویه‌های بومی لاکتوباسیلوس (50 گرم به ازای هر تن جیره) عملکرد تخمگذاری (درصد تولید تخم، توده تخم و ضریب تبدیل غذایی) و پارامترهای کیفی تخم بلدرچین (واحد هاو و واحد کیفیت داخلی) را بهبود بخشیدند. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

156 - Seed priming with bio-priming improves stand establishment, seed germination and salinity tolerance in canola cultivar (Hayola 401)
Mohammadreza Mousavi Heshmat Omidi

10.30495/ijpp.2019.667138

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157 - Medicinal pumpkin responses to Thiobacillus and sulfur under water stress.
Sadegh Masoodi Leila Hakimi

10.30495/ijpp.2017.537983

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158 - کنترل بیولوژیک نماتد غده بنفشه آفریقایی با استفاده از پروتئاز باسیلوس
هادی رهاننده مهسا مشیدی

در این تحقیق تاثیر Bacillus spp. و پروتئاز تولیدی آنها روی نماتد غده  (Meloidogyne javanica) در میزبان بنفشه آفریقایی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. حدود 100 جدایه باکتریایی از خاک ها جداسازی شد. تاثیر همه‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌ More

در این تحقیق تاثیر Bacillus spp. و پروتئاز تولیدی آنها روی نماتد غده  (Meloidogyne javanica) در میزبان بنفشه آفریقایی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. حدود 100 جدایه باکتریایی از خاک ها جداسازی شد. تاثیر همه‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌ی باکتری‌ها بر میزان مرگ و میر نماتدها مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. از باکتریهای موثر چهار جدایه متعلق به جنس باسیلوس بودند. از باسیلوس های جداسازی شده جدایه GM18 بیشترین تاثیر را در مرگ و میر نماتد غده داشت. بر اساس آزمایش تولید پروتئاز 4 جدایه قادر به تولید پروتئاز در سطح پتری دیش بودند. بزرگترین هاله را جدایه GM18 به میزان 13 میلی متر تولید کرد. این جدایه بر اساس آزمایشهای بیوشیمیایی و توالیسنجی B. subtilis تشخیص داده شد. فاکتورهای تاثیرگذار در میزان تولید پروتئاز همانند pH، دما، زمان و همچنین بازدارنده های تولید پروتئاز در مورد این جدایه بررسی گردید. نتایج آزمایشها نشان داد که بیشترین میزان تولید پروتئاز در دمای 31 درجه سانتی گراد،  8=pH  و زمان 12 ساعت رخ میدهد. بیشترین تاثیر بازدارندگی را EDTA روی پروتئاز تولیدی داشت که نشاندهنده‌ی وجود میزان زیاد متالوپروتئاز میباشد، البته بازدارنده‌های دیگر نیز به میزان کمتر تاثیر داشتند که نشان میدهد پروتئاز تولیدی این باکتری از چند گروه پروتئاز مختلف تشکیل شده است. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

159 - Application of Microorganisms Compared with Nanoparticles of Silver, Humic Acid and Gibberellic Acid on Vase Life of Cut Gerbera Goodtimming
S. Ansari E. Hadavi M. Salehi P. Moradi

Gerbera one of 10 important cut flowers in the world and Iran. One of the most problems is low-life after harvest and neck bending. Producers want to increase longevity of these flowers with using chemical solutions. With the aim of achieving the best chemical treatment More

Gerbera one of 10 important cut flowers in the world and Iran. One of the most problems is low-life after harvest and neck bending. Producers want to increase longevity of these flowers with using chemical solutions. With the aim of achieving the best chemical treatments to increase flower vase life gerbera Goodtimming, nano silver (5 mg l-1), humic acid (50 mg l-1), gibberellic acid (2.5 mg l-1) and Lactobacillus plantarum 110 CFU m l-1 and Lactococcus lactis110 CFU ml-1 with sucrose (4%) compared with controls. This study in carried out with 6 replications. Cut flowers recutted to 35 ± 2 cm, and then tested in different solutions for 20 days. The results showed that silver nanoparticles (5 mg l-1) +sucrose 4%+gibberellic acid 2.5 mg l-1with the 19.5 days vase life compared with controls (17.67days) had the highest durability. Distilled water+ sucrose 4% with 5.98 mm stem diameter was better than control (5.49 mm) (P £0.01), while humic acid 50 mg l-1+ sucrose 4%+gibberellic acid 2.5 mg l-1 had lowest average daily stem diameter (5.44 mm), respectively. Highest water uptake observed in silver nanoparticles 5 mg l-1+sucrose 4%+gibberellic acid 2.5 mg l-1 treatment (8.78 ml g-1 F.W.). Silver nanoparticles 5 mg l-1+sucrose 4%+gibberellic acid 2.5 mg l-1 had highest fresh weight per day (24.89 g) and dry weight (4.96 g), respectively. Manuscript profile

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160 - The expression and secretion of Human papilloma L1 heterologous protein of genotype11 in lactobacillus
Akram Amani Parvaneh Jafari Rodabeh Behzadi Andohjerdi Jalil Fallah

10.30495/jdb.2022.1955240.1299

Background: Human papillomavirus is a virus that transmitted through sexual intercourse and direct contact between human skin. Among the different strains of this virus, strains 18 and 16 are the most common strains in the development of cervical cancer, and also strain More

Background: Human papillomavirus is a virus that transmitted through sexual intercourse and direct contact between human skin. Among the different strains of this virus, strains 18 and 16 are the most common strains in the development of cervical cancer, and also strains 11 and 6 are the most common strains in the development of genital lesions or genital warts. In this study, we used strain 11 capsid for secretory protein production Large L1 in the Lactobacillus host.Materials and Methods: To produce L1 protein from human papillomavirus, recombinant protein production methods were used by cloning the L1 gene of this virus into a vector expressed in a prokaryotic host such as Lactobacillus, which was analyzed by SDS-PAGE methods. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting have been evaluated to confirm the expression of the protein.Results: Nucleotide bands were confirmed in the gene fragment amplification experiment in gel electrophoresis as well as the observation of protein bands in SDS-PAGE and Western blot gels.Conclusion: By using the production of pathogenic protein in human papillomavirus by the recombinant method and in the bacterial host Lactobacillus, which is a fluorescence of the female reproductive system, can be used in the future to prevent and treat diseases associated with strain 11 of this virus. Manuscript profile

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161 - The effect of rice endophyte bacteria on controlling Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae and expression of phenylalanine ammonia-liase gene in coexistence with Bacillus subtilis
Hadis Yousefi Nader Hasanzadeh Keivan Behboudi Farid Beiki Firouzjahi

Background & Objectives: Rice bacterial blight is one of the major factors limiting global rice production. Though the most effective method for controlling this disease is using resistant varieties, they are not stable in farm conditions due to high variability and More

Background & Objectives: Rice bacterial blight is one of the major factors limiting global rice production. Though the most effective method for controlling this disease is using resistant varieties, they are not stable in farm conditions due to high variability and rapid evolution of pathogenic races. This study was aimed to evaluate rice endophyte bacteria's ability to improving plant growth and biologically controlling Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.Materials & Methods: At the first screening of endophyte isolates was performed to evaluate antagonistic activity against Xanthomonas in tryptic soy agar medium. The stimulation of plant growth by bacterial endophytes was assessed under the growth chamber and greenhouse conditions. The effect of bacterial isolates on disease severity and some rice growth factors under greenhouse conditions were determined, as well. In the final stage, the expression of the Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene by endophytic isolate Bacillus subtilis was evaluated using real-time PCR.Results: In terms of rice seed seedling vigor index, OS40, OS23, OS43, and OS31 isolates had a significant statistical effect as compared to control. Moreover, the use of OS3, OS23, OS31, and OS40 endophytes increased plant growth parameters. OS40 and OS23 bacterial inoculants were more successful in reducing the severity of the disease and the promotion of plant growth. PAL expression level during the experiment period was significantly higher and faster in plants treated with OS40than those treated only with Xanthomonas- isolates.Conclusion: Rice bacterial endophytes could increase plant growth and reduce disease severity, thus they can be considered as a promising and environmentally- a friendly strategy for sustainable agriculture development. Manuscript profile

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162 - Molecular identification and optimization of lipase- producing strain Bacillus thuringiensis L26
Farzaneh Karimian Mohammad Hassan Ghorbani Sayed Hossein Mirdamadian

Background & Objectives: Lipases are important hydrolytic enzymes produced by various microorganisms such as bacteria. This enzyme is applied in various industries including food and pharmaceutical industries. This study aimed to isolate and identify lipase-producin More

Background & Objectives: Lipases are important hydrolytic enzymes produced by various microorganisms such as bacteria. This enzyme is applied in various industries including food and pharmaceutical industries. This study aimed to isolate and identify lipase-producing bacteria from various sources to use in different industries.Materials & Methods: Sampling and screening of lipase- producing bacteria were carried out from wastewater and soils of Habib-abad refinery, wastewater and slugs of Golbahar oil factory, sheep’s tail fat, and sesame meal. To evaluate the enzymatic activity, bacterial isolates were cultured in lipid-based media, where the supernatant was used for the next assay. A quantitative assessment of enzymatic activity was performed using a spectrophotometer, in the presence of para-nitrophenol acetate at the temperature of 28°C. The identification of bacterial isolates was carried out by macroscopic, microscopic and molecular analysis.Results: Screening bacterial isolates and the results of enzymatic activity assays showed strain 31 as the superior one. Molecular analysis results identified this strain as Bacillus thuringiensis L26. The highest enzymatic activity and stability were obtained at the temperature of 48°C, pH value of 8.5, and in the presence of sodium chloride, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, zinc sulfate, and manganese chloride, respectively.Conclusion: Our results showed the stability of tested lipase enzymes under alkaline conditions and the presence of different cations. Therefore, further complementary tests are recommended o assess practical uses. Manuscript profile

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163 - Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of bismuth oxide nanoparticles produced by Bacillus subtilis against clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from wound infections
Leila Firouzi Dalvand Farzaneh Hosseini Shahram Moradi Dehaghi Elham Siasi Torbati

Background & Objectives: The biological method of nanoparticles synthesis by microorganisms has a special place due to its high environmental compatibility and reduced energy consumption and costs. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of bismuth oxide n More

Background & Objectives: The biological method of nanoparticles synthesis by microorganisms has a special place due to its high environmental compatibility and reduced energy consumption and costs. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of bismuth oxide nanoparticles produced by green methods on bacteria causing hospital infections. Materials & Methods: In this study, 160 samples were collected from burn wound infections in patients hospitalized in Motahari Burn Rescue Hospital. Resistant strains were identified phenotypically and genotypically. Synthesis of bismuth oxide nanoparticles by Bacillus subtilis wild type strain. The synthesis of bismuth oxide nanoparticles was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the antibacterial activity of nanoparticles against isolated strains was investigated with the standard disk diffusion test. Results: Biosynthesis of nanoparticles showed an average size of 44 nm using Bacillus subtilis. All 44% (71 strains) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa formed a biofilm. Bismuth oxide nanoparticles at a concentration of 2000 ppm were inhibited 5% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusion: By increasing the concentration of bismuth oxide nanoparticles, its inhibitory effect increased. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the groups exposed nanoparticle and ciprofloxacin.  Manuscript profile

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164 - Isolation, molecular identification and evaluation of the probiotic properties of dominant Lactobacillus in whole wheat sourdough
Alireza Sadeghi Maryam Ebrahimi

Background & Objectives: Highly demands of consumption of industrial food products has led to removal of probiotic bacteria from daily diet. The aim of this study was evaluating the probiotic properties of dominant Lactobacillus isolated from whole wheat sourdough.& More

Background & Objectives: Highly demands of consumption of industrial food products has led to removal of probiotic bacteria from daily diet. The aim of this study was evaluating the probiotic properties of dominant Lactobacillus isolated from whole wheat sourdough.      Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, after isolation of dominant Lactobacillus from whole wheat sourdough, the isolates were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Probiotic properties of these isolates, including survival in simulated conditions of gastrointestinal tract, antimicrobial effects against prototype bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli), the  ability of co-aggregation with E. coli as an infection agent of intestine and resistance of these isolates against some of routine antibiotics were also investigated in this study. Results: Sequencing of the PCR products led to identification of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus sakei and Lactobacillus brevis as dominant Lactobacillus in whole wheat sourdough. Among the mentioned isolates, Lactobacillus plantarum showed the maximum survival in simulated conditions of gastrointestinal tract. Inhibition zone diameter of three pathogenic bacteria in the presence of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis were significantly more than the others. Comparison between co-aggregation ability of isolated Lactobacillus with E. coli showed that Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus plantarum were more effective.  Furthermore, these strains along with L. acidophilus were resistant to Streptomycin, Kanamycin, Vancomycin and Nalidixic acid.Conclusion: Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from whole wheat sourdough are highly useful to be uses as probiotic bacteria in food and medicinal applications. Manuscript profile

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165 - Isolation, molecular identification and production investigation of Bacillus-producing L-Asparaginase from Jiroft microflora
Arastoo Badoei-dalfard Zahra Karami Narjes Ramezani-pour

Background & Objectives: Cancer cells are not capable of producing L-asparagine, and mainly are depended to the L-asparagine from the circulating plasma pools. L-Asparaginase (L-asparagine amidohydrolase EC 3.5.1.1) catalysis the conversion of L-asparagine to L-aspa More

Background & Objectives: Cancer cells are not capable of producing L-asparagine, and mainly are depended to the L-asparagine from the circulating plasma pools. L-Asparaginase (L-asparagine amidohydrolase EC 3.5.1.1) catalysis the conversion of L-asparagine to L-aspartate and ammonium. L-asparaginase is the first enzyme with anti-leukemic activity to be intensively studied in human beings. Isolation and identification of L-asparaginase producing bacteria from Jiroft microflora was the aim of this study. Materials & Methods: In this sectional study, soil and water samples were collected from citrus orchards and waste of milk factory in Jiroft, Kerman province. The bacterial-producing L-asparaginase was screened on agar medium supplied with L-asparagine and phenol red indicator dye. L-asparaginase activity was detected on the basis of pink color around the colony. The best strains were finally identified using PCR method. Results: 16S rRNA sequencing results showed that the best isolate-producing L-asparaginase belonged to the Bacillus genus. DJK23 strain produced the maximum L-asparaginase, approximately 165 U/ml. The our analysis showed that L-asparaginase was active in a pH rang of 5 to 8, with maximal enzyme activity at pH 7. It is mentioned that this enzyme retains 36% of its initial activity at pH 5. Conclusion: Although L-asparaginase from bacteria has been extensively characterized, a similar attention has not been paid to Bacillus. These results showed that Bacillus L-Asparaginase has desirable activity in the presence of neutral and acidic pH, which can be considered as a therapeutic and industrial enzyme. Manuscript profile

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166 - Optimization of culture conditions for the production of phytase enzyme by Bacillus subtilis soil isolates
Maryam Parhamfar Hamid Abtahi Milad Parhamfar

Background & Objectives: Phytate is the primary storage form of phosphorus in plant seeds. It has an anti-nutritive effect in both human and animals. Phytase is a subgroup of phosphatases which catalyzes the hydrolysis of phytate. Microbial phytases have potential b More

Background & Objectives: Phytate is the primary storage form of phosphorus in plant seeds. It has an anti-nutritive effect in both human and animals. Phytase is a subgroup of phosphatases which catalyzes the hydrolysis of phytate. Microbial phytases have potential biotechnological application in various fields, such as agriculture, human and animal foods. This study was aimed to investigate the optimal conditions for the production of phytase by Bacillus subtilis isolated from the soil. Materials & Methods: Samples were collected from Arak area, where the soil was contaminated with animal faces. Samples were incubated in PSM medium at 30 ºC for 48 hours. The screening of phytase - producing bacteria on PSM media was performed based on the formation of the clear halo. The most suitable bacterial strain was identified according to its biochemical and morphological characteristics. The level of enzyme production and phosphate- solubilising activity of this strain was assessed in different pH range, and on various media types including PSM, PVK, NBRIP, as well as NBRIY. Results: In this study, maximum enzyme production by the bacterial isolates has been observed following 36-48h incubation in PSM medium. 12S phytase- producing bacterial strain was identified as Bacillus subtilis. Our results showed that the optimum pH for phytase production in PSM medium is pH of 7. Furthermore, investigating different media, phytate-containing PVK was recognised as the most appropriate medium for enzyme production. Conclusion: B. Subtilise isolate can provide an opportunity to introduce new phytase to food as well as environmental industries. Moreover, PVK can be used as an effective medium to produce phytase enzyme and to screen phytase-producing bacterial starins. Manuscript profile

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167 - Investigation of the effect of Bacillus licheniformis alkaline protease on qualitative, rheological and sensory properties of macaroni enriched with soy
Seyed Emad Hosseini Fatemeh Ardestani

Background & Objectives: Macaroni is produced since 1313 in Iran, but with not desirable quality due to low accessibility of durum wheat and semolina production technology. In this study, we analysed the effect of Bacillus licheniformis alkaline protease on qualitat More

Background & Objectives: Macaroni is produced since 1313 in Iran, but with not desirable quality due to low accessibility of durum wheat and semolina production technology. In this study, we analysed the effect of Bacillus licheniformis alkaline protease on qualitative, rheological and sensory properties of macaroni enriched with soy. Materials & Methods: 1 kg of dough and dried macaroni was sampled based on the standard methods and used for evaluation of qualitative, rheological and sensory properties of macaroni enriched with hydrolyzed soy protein. Bacillus licheniformis was used because of its ability to produce an efficient alkaline protease for hydrolysis of soy proteins. Alkaline protease was produced in a submerged culture of Bacillus licheniformis at pH 9 and 300C for 3 days.   Results: Addition of 20% hydrolyzed soy protein caused decrease in some factors including 15.78% in cooking time, 18.13% in resistance to defeat for a spaghetti filament, 29.02% in dough development time and 6.27% in loosening the dough as well as an increase of 37.37% in cooking loss, 57.24% in adhesion, 5.55% in water absorption percentage and 16.44% in dough stability time. Total acceptance of macaroni samples with 20% hydrolyzed soy protein were 33%  less than control. The maximum useable hydrolyzed soy protein in macaroni dough without any negative impacts on its properties was determined as 5%. Conclusion: Hydrolyzed soy protein is not a suitable case for macaroni enrichment.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

168 - Molecular identification and optimization of keratinase production in keratin-degrading bacteria isolated from soil poultry of Marvdasht city
Somayeh Khodayari Farshid Kafilzadeh

Background & Objectives: Feather is one of the environmental pollutants that about 90% of its weight is made of highly resistant creatine plates. A number of bacteria are able to produce a keratinase enzyme in the presence of keratin substrate. The purpose of this s More

Background & Objectives: Feather is one of the environmental pollutants that about 90% of its weight is made of highly resistant creatine plates. A number of bacteria are able to produce a keratinase enzyme in the presence of keratin substrate. The purpose of this study was isolation and molecular identification of keratin- degrading bacteria from the soil of poultry farms around Marvdasht city in order to measure keratinase activity in superior creatine-degrading strains. Material & Methods: In this study, 15 soil samples from poultry farms around Marvdasht city was collected. Seven bacterial isolates were cultured on a feather meal medium. Five isolates that showed clear degradation zone, were chosen for further chemical and molecular identification. The bacteria were sequenced, and a specific accession number in the gene bank was allocated to each of them as a new strain  Then, all five isolates were assessed for the level of keratinase enzyme production. Result: All isolates belonged to Bacillus species. All five isolates were able to completely degrade keratine. The most keratinase activity was reported 17.12 (ml/min)  for Bacillus cereus SKH1. Conclusion: Different species of Bacillus in this study showed the ability to produce a keratinase enzyme in the presence of keratin substrate. Investigating the level of keratinase activity in bacterial isolates showed that all have the potential treat feather waste. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

169 - Cytocidal effects of Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein against Leishmaniatropica
Naghmeh Feridoni Elham Moazamian Manochehr Rasouli

Background & Objectives: Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease that is caused by an obligate intracellular parasite which belongs to genus Leishmania, order Kinetoplastida. Using bio-microbial control agents as one of the alternative therapies for leishmaniasis inf More

Background & Objectives: Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease that is caused by an obligate intracellular parasite which belongs to genus Leishmania, order Kinetoplastida. Using bio-microbial control agents as one of the alternative therapies for leishmaniasis infections has been developed. The aim of this study was to assess Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein effects against Leishmania tropica parasite.Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 47 B. thuringiensis isolates from soil samples in different regions of Fars province were collected based on the phenotypic characteristic, crystal toxin staining, and molecular identification. After enzyme digestion of toxin isolates using Proteinase K, their cytocidal effects on L. tropica were analyzed. The isolates with the most toxicity effect were identified by PCR.Results: Our results identified one isolate with the most cytocidal effect on L. tropica. The sb35 isolate crystalline toxin (Cry1) was the most effective toxin on Leishmania, showing the highest cytocidal effect (about 40%) at the concentration of 10-1 mg/ml. Cytopathic effects of promastigote treatment with crystallized toxins were observed as shrinking and inflammation.Conclusion: Considering the results obtained in this study, using crystallized proteins of B. thuringiensis can be considered as an appropriate candidate for treating leishmaniasis by performing complementary studies. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

170 - Production and characterization of a thermophilic and extremely halotolerant alpha-amylase isolated from Anoxybacillus gonensis AT23
Saeedeh Afrisham Arasto Badoei Delfard Abdolhamid Namaki Shoshtari Zahra Karami

Background & Objectives: Thermophilic alpha-amylase can be used in different industries such as starch processing and detergents. This study was performed to isolate alpha-amylase-producing bacteria and characterization of the enzyme. Materials & Methods: After More

Background & Objectives: Thermophilic alpha-amylase can be used in different industries such as starch processing and detergents. This study was performed to isolate alpha-amylase-producing bacteria and characterization of the enzyme. Materials & Methods: After sample collection from Gorooh hot spring in Kerman province, Iran, thermophilic alpha-amylase- producing bacteria were isolated using the starch-agar medium. 16S rDNA sequencing was used to identify the bacterial strain. Characterization of the thermophilic alpha-amylase was performed in the presence of various factors such as pH, temperature, metal ions, chemical compounds, and organic solvents. Also, kinetic parameters of the enzyme were determined in different concentrations of starch. Results: Anoxybacillus gonensis AT23 was identified as the best thermophilic alpha-amylase- producing strain. The alpha-amylase enzyme showed the optimal activity at pH 5 to 6. Sevenfold increase in the enzyme activity was observed in the presence of NaCl (3M). Mn2+ and Zn2+ increased the enzyme activity about 95% and 31%, respectively. Kinetic parameters including Km and Vmax were estimated about 1.657 mg/ml and 0.0059 mg/ml/min, respectively. Also, enzyme activity was also improved about 2 folds in the presence of organic solvents including n-butanol and 10% cyclohexane. Conclusion: Our results indicated that AT23 alpha-amylase is a halophile and organic solvent-tolerant enzyme. Therefore, it can be used in different industries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

171 - Antimicrobial effects of extracellular copper sulfide nanoparticles synthesized from Bacillus licheniformis
Morahem Ashengroph Maryam Sahami-Soltani

Background & Objectives: Copper nanoparticles due to unique catalytic properties and electrical and optical conductivity are of great importance. This study was aimed to use the potential of aquatic bacteria as biocatalysts to reduce copper sulfate into copper sulfi More

Background & Objectives: Copper nanoparticles due to unique catalytic properties and electrical and optical conductivity are of great importance. This study was aimed to use the potential of aquatic bacteria as biocatalysts to reduce copper sulfate into copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuSNPs) and to assess its antimicrobial properties.Materials & Methods: The CuSNPs produced via bioconversion reaction have been characterized by spectroscopy analysis, electro-micrographs prepared by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size distribution histogram. The antimicrobial activity of CuSNPs against some bacteria and pathogenic fungi was also investigated by disc diffusion test.Results: 105 Cu-resistant bacterial strains have been isolated according to selective enrichment technique. Based on the results, the only culture supernatant of strain Cu25 was able to reduce copper sulfate into copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuSNPs), extracellular. The cu25 strain was identified as Bacillus licheniformis based on phenotypic and molecular analysis. Subsequently, the extracellular synthesis of CuSNPs was investigated.  The results showed that the supernatant of B. licheniformis Cu25 following exposure to 7.5 mM copper sulfate solution and 24 h of incubation can produce spherical CuSNPs with the average diameter of 21.5 nm as extracellular.Conclusion: The current study is the first report on the extracellular synthesis of CuSNPs using B. licheniformis. Also, the produced biological nanoparticles have growth inhibitory effect against some pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

172 - Evaluation of adherence of probiotic Lactobacilus casei to Hep2– cell line
Zeinab Takalloo Mahdi Goudarzvand Zohreh Khodaii

The first step to choose a strain as probiotic is capability for the bacteria to adhere to mucosal adhesion due to increase the prevention of the adherence of pathogenic bacteria, and the secretion of antimicrobial agents, which produce an appropriate condition of micro More

The first step to choose a strain as probiotic is capability for the bacteria to adhere to mucosal adhesion due to increase the prevention of the adherence of pathogenic bacteria, and the secretion of antimicrobial agents, which produce an appropriate condition of microbial growth. This study was aimed to evaluate the adherence ability of Lactobacilus casei to Hep-2 cell line. First, the HEp-2 cells were grown in RPMI medium containing fetal calf serum and antibiotics. The defined numbers of probiotic bacteria grown in MRS broth were added to the HEp-2 cell. Then, the cells were washed after attachment of bacteria to the plates. Thereafter, the cells were stained and fixed with histological methods. The adhesion ability of bacteria and the pattern of adhesion was observed under optical microscope. Our results showed that L. casei was able to adhere to oro- pharyngeal cell line. Also, the optimum time to test the ability was 3 hours. These results indicated that the probiotic bacterium L. casei is suitable for application in health products. Based on these results, we recommend application of L. casei in oral hygiene products. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

173 - Construction of glucanase gene of Bacillus subtilis in Escherichia coli
Marzieh Shavali Abbas Doosti

Background & Objectives: The grains are considered as the main food for poultries. Grains contain significant content of non- soluble starch polysaccharides (NSP). NSPs cause negative impact and incompatibility in birds. Digestion of NSP contents by β-glucanase More

Background & Objectives: The grains are considered as the main food for poultries. Grains contain significant content of non- soluble starch polysaccharides (NSP). NSPs cause negative impact and incompatibility in birds. Digestion of NSP contents by β-glucanase enzyme supplement reduces the viscosity of polysaccharides in the digestive tracts, and increases their intestinal absorption. The aim of this study was to construction of glucanase gene of Bacillus subtilis in Escherichia coli. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, the glucanase gene of B. subtilis was amplified using specific primers and polymerase chain reaction. After purification of the bands, Bgl gene was cloned by T/A cloning technique in pGEM vector, and was transformed in E. coli. Afterward, the pGEM-bgl was transferred into E. coli Top-10 strain. The recombinant vectors were then transformed into E. coli competent cells, and the recombinants were plated on LB agar containing 100 µg/ml ampicillin. The recombinant plasmid transformed to E. coli Top10 cell and the colonies carrying plasmid were selected by PCR. The presence of glucanase construction was confirmed by enzymatic digestion. Results: The results showed that the glucanase gene was successfully cloned in E. coli. The results of cloning of 767 bp glucanase gene was confirmed by PCR assay. Conclusion: The construction of  B. subtilils glucanase gene and cloning of this gene in E. coli is a strong alternative for the production of  probiotic used for poultry.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

174 - Isolation and molecular identification of Lysinibacillus macroides isolated from wheat roots and investigate their antifungal activity against Trichoderma spp.
Mahboobeh Choopan Vamerzani Hamidreza Pordeli Majid Moghbeli

Background & Objectives: Lysinibacillus is an endophytic bacterium that protects plant against environmental and physiological condition. The purpose of this study was to isolation and molecular identification of Lysinibacillus macroides from wheat roots and to anal More

Background & Objectives: Lysinibacillus is an endophytic bacterium that protects plant against environmental and physiological condition. The purpose of this study was to isolation and molecular identification of Lysinibacillus macroides from wheat roots and to analyse their antifungal activity against Trichoderma spp. Material & Methods: The extract of root and stem cultivated wheats in different areas of Mazandaran and Golestan were used for isolation of endophytic bacteria. Their antifungal activity was evaluated in a dual culture method on the Potato Dextros Agar (PDA) medium. After genomic DNA extraction, 16S rRNA gene was amplified using PCR. Then the PCR product was sequenced by BLAST. Results: The isolated bacteria were able to inhibit the growth of biocontrol fungi. Based on the 16srRNA sequence studies, this bacterium belonged to Lysinibacillus and showed 99% similarity to L. macroides 1w. Conclusion: This study is the first report of isolation of Lysinibacillus from the endophytic plants. The endophytic bacteria isolated in this study can be used for extraction, identification and application of its inhibitory metabolites for design and the production of antifungal agents. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

175 - Screening of indigenous potassium-solubilizing bacterial strains and evaluation of their ability in solubilisation of absorbable potassium
Jafar Dorjdor Sajjad Yazdansetad Mohammad Hosein Arzanesh Hatef Ajoudanifar

Background & Objectives: Approximately 98% of total potassium in soil is in unavailable mineral forms for plants. Potassium-solubilizing bacteria are able to dissolve potassium bearing silicate minerals and release available form of potassium to the plants. The pres More

Background & Objectives: Approximately 98% of total potassium in soil is in unavailable mineral forms for plants. Potassium-solubilizing bacteria are able to dissolve potassium bearing silicate minerals and release available form of potassium to the plants. The present study was intended to isolate potassium-solubilizing bacteria from rhizosphere soil of crop plants and to evaluate the ability of isolates in solubilisation of absorbable potassium. Material & Methods: Potassium-solubilizing bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of different crop plants. The isolates were grown on optimized Aleksandrov agar and were assayed based on the diameter of zone of potassium solubilization. The selected isolates were identified using macroscopic, microscopic, biochemical, and molecular methods. The Flame photometry was used to quantify potassium released by isolates in Aleksandrov broth and soil. Results: Totally, 5 out of 30 isolates with ability to release potassium showed high activity in potassium solubilisation. The biochemical and molecular studies indicated that these isolates belonged to the genera Bacillus, Paenibacillus, and Pseudomonas. The flame photometry results showed that the amount of potassium released by the isolates ranged from 950 to 1250 mg/l in broth media and 525 to 550 mg/kg in soil. Conclusion: The potassium-solubilizing bacteria were isolated and identified from rhizosphere samples and identified. These isolates showed high ability for solubilisation of silicate minerals and release of absorbable potassium and therefore they can be used in biofertilizers to enhance the availability of potassium in the soils and to improve the growth and yield of crop plants. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

176 - Investigation the ability of bio-surfactant production by Bacillus laterosporus in various carbon sources
Mahboobeh Varnaseri Ghandali Abdolamir Moezi Naeimeh Enayatizamir

Background & Objectives: Biosurfactants are surface active compounds that produce by microorganisms. They are used in various industries such as petroleum, chemical, petrochemical, food industry, medicine, agriculture, etc. The purpose of this study was to optimize More

Background & Objectives: Biosurfactants are surface active compounds that produce by microorganisms. They are used in various industries such as petroleum, chemical, petrochemical, food industry, medicine, agriculture, etc. The purpose of this study was to optimize the production of biosurfactant in different carbon sources by Bacillus laterosporus. Materials & Methods: In this study, Bacillus laterosporus was provided from the microbial collection of Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz. Biosurfactant production was evaluated in different carbon sources such as kerosene, glucose and sugar cane molasses at 30 and 37° C and the incubation periods of 48 and 168 hours. Screening of biosurfactant production was carried out using oil collapse and emulsification index, surface tension, and cell surface hydrophobicity. Results: Bacillus laterosporus showed the lowest surface tension reduction in kerosene carbon source after 168 hours incubation at 37 ° C, and decreased surface tension to 21.28 mN/m. The highest percentage of emulsification was related to medium containing molasses carbon source (43%). Bacillus laterosporus cell surface hydrophobicity in kerosene, molasses and glucose was 65, 58 and 50 %, respectively. Maximum biosurfactant production by Bacillus laterosporus obtained in kerosene carbon source around 8.4 gr/L Conclusion: The results showed that 37° C, 168 hours incubation and also using kerosene as carbon sources make the optimum condition for biosurfactant production by indigenous strain of Bacillus laterosporus. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

177 - Molecular identification of lantibiotic- producing Bacillus toyonensis isolated from soil and evaluation of its antibacterial activity
Dorna Karami Arekhloo Mohammad Mehdi Mahmoodi

Background & Objectives: Lantibiotics are small peptide antibiotics that produced by a large number of gram positive bacteria to limit growth of other bacteria. This study was performed with the aim of isolation and molecular identification of lantibiotic producer B More

Background & Objectives: Lantibiotics are small peptide antibiotics that produced by a large number of gram positive bacteria to limit growth of other bacteria. This study was performed with the aim of isolation and molecular identification of lantibiotic producer Bacilli from soil, also to optimize the production conditions and antibacterial activity of the product. Materials & Methods: In this basic research, soil samples were collected from green bean fields located at Kazerun. The vegetative cells were killed by pasteurization method and the Gram positive spore former colonies were selected for further studies. These bacteria were grown in the broth media and their culture extracts were examined for lantibiotic production by well diffusion method. Appropriate colonies with high ability for lantibiotic production were selected and identified by biochemical and molecular methods. Also lantibiotic production at different temperatures and pH values was investigated. Results: The isolated strain was identified as Bacillus toyonensis based on DNA sequencing. Maximum lantibiotic production was determined after 24h incubation at 30°C and pH 7. These results showed that the addition of 1% glucose and pepton can improve lantibiotic production. The purified lantibiotic showed inhibitory effects on some gram positive bacteria. Conclusion: According to ability of this isolated strain in lantibiotic production, further studies is required for more accurate identification of produced lantibiotic in order to be employed in pharmaceutical applications. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

178 - An evaluation to survey the antagonistic effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum against E. cowanii isolated from plants
Fatemeh Darabipour Khosro Issazadeh Mohammad Faezi Ghasemi Sasan Sadeghi Khamene Tabrizi

Background & Objectives: Enterobacter are found in water, sewage and plants. Lactobacillus  are one of the dominant microorganisms in normal flora of intestinal tracts, genital system and respiratory tracts of humans and animals. The aim of this study was to ev More

Background & Objectives: Enterobacter are found in water, sewage and plants. Lactobacillus  are one of the dominant microorganisms in normal flora of intestinal tracts, genital system and respiratory tracts of humans and animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antagonistic effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum against Enterobacter cowanii isolated from broad bean plant. Materials & Methods: In this sectional study Fava plants were collected, and after sampling, the samples were cultured on selective and specific King B  media. The presence of E. cowanii was confirmed based on biochemical and molecular techniques. Then, antagonistic effects of produced bacteriocins by L. plantarum and L. acidophilus on E. cowanii with well diffusion method on basis of pH were studied. Results: Based on this study, the growth inhibition zones produced by L.plantarum in different pH against E.cowanii were higher than that by L.acidophilus. Furthermore, the highest inhibition zone of Lactobacilli was observed in pH 4.  Conclusion: According to antagonistic effects of lactic acid bacteria in the inhibition of E.cowanii, this factor can be used for treatment of the diseases caused by this factor. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

179 - The production of alkaline protease by Bacillus tequilensis FJSH2 isolated from Jiroft’s slaughterhouse wastes
Arasto Badoei-dalfard Parvin Amiri Narjes Ramezanipour Zahra Karami Batool Ghanbari

Background & Objectives: Proteases are the most applied industrial enzymes usable in several biotechnological industries. These enzymes include approximately 60% of enzyme marketing worldwide. Alkaline proteases are the most important enzymes which are stable in the More

Background & Objectives: Proteases are the most applied industrial enzymes usable in several biotechnological industries. These enzymes include approximately 60% of enzyme marketing worldwide. Alkaline proteases are the most important enzymes which are stable in the presence of alkaline pH, surfactant and oxidizing agents. This study was aimed to isolate and identify the protease producing bacteria from slaughterhouse wastes in Jiroft. Materials & Methods: This cross - sectional study was performed on Jiroft’s slaughterhouse wastes. The protease producing strain was screened on the skim milk agar media. The 16S rRNA genes of the samples were obtained using PCR and sequencing. The protease enzyme was partially purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis and ion exchange chromatography. Thereafter, The biochemical features of the enzymes were analysed. Results: The gene sequencing study showed that the isolated strain were 100 % similar to Bacillus tequilensis species. The purified protease showed maximum activity and stability in pH 9 and 40°C. Km and Vmax values were obtained based on Linewewr berg equation 6.77 mg/ml and 64.94 U/ml/min, respectively. Protease stability was improved about 1.8 and 2.4 folds in the presence of cyclohexane and DMSO, respectively. Conclusion: The activity and stability of this enzyme in alkaline pH and in the presence of organic solvents indicates its potential to be used in industries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

180 - Anti adhesive effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus as a probiotic on oral Streptococci
Sanaz Tahmourespour Arezoo Tahmourespour Rooha Kasra Kermanshahi3

Background & Objectives: Dental caries, caused mainly by mutans Streptococci, is the most common chronic disease in the world. Employment of probiotics is a new emerged technique to prevent dental caries production, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus is one of the importan More

Background & Objectives: Dental caries, caused mainly by mutans Streptococci, is the most common chronic disease in the world. Employment of probiotics is a new emerged technique to prevent dental caries production, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus is one of the important common probiotics in this strategy. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of L. rhamnosus on the adhesion of oral Streptococci. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 40 isolates of mutans and non-mutans Streptococci isolated from dental plaque and caries of the volunteers who admitted in dental school of Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan. The biofilm formation ability of these strains was investigated and the strongest isolates in this term were selected. The effect of L. rhamnosus (ATCC4769) on the adhesion of Streptococci was investigated by several methods; 1: an equal volum of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus, 2: application of Lactobacilli 30 minutes before induction of Streptococci into the system, 3: probiotic pellet 4: a supernatant of the overnight culture of probiotic. Results: Overall, L. rhamnousus led to reduction of Streptococci adhesion to surface using all four strategies. The second method was the most effective, its effect was more efficient on S. mutans adhesion than non-mutans. There was no significant difference between third and fourth methods, but effect of both methods on S. mutans was more than other Streptococci. Conclusion: Application of L. rhamnousus as probiotic could reduce the adhesion of mutans and non-mutans Streptococci to dental surfaces and therefore can reduce dental decay. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

181 - Isolation of orange orchards rhizosphere Bacillus cereus by the ability of α-amylase secretion
Mahnaz Ramezani Ali Riahi-Madvar Mooj Khaleghi

Background and Objectives: Rhizosphere bacteria assist growth of plants via dissolving phosphate, production of special compounds such as phytohormones and release of hydrolytic enzymes such as a-amylase and kitinase. This study aimed to isolate and to identify a a-amyl More

Background and Objectives: Rhizosphere bacteria assist growth of plants via dissolving phosphate, production of special compounds such as phytohormones and release of hydrolytic enzymes such as a-amylase and kitinase. This study aimed to isolate and to identify a a-amylase producing bacillus in rhizosphere of orange orchards and to investigate microbial activity to enzyme production in presence of different source of carbon ranges. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in order to isolation of a-amylase bacilli from rhizosphere of orange orchards located at Kerman province, Iran. After sample collection, bacteria were isolated by growing on starch agar. Several molecular (based on 16SrRNA) and biochemical methods were used to identify bacterial species. The starch rapid hydrolysis test was used to investigate amylase activity of the isolates. Additionally, the enzyme production level was studied in the presence of several carbon sources include glucose, fructose and starch ranges. Results: Molecular and biochemical analysis showed that isolated bacterium is a strain of Bacillus cereus named as Bacillus cereus MR-R3 and recorded in GeneBank under accession number of KC306945.1. Moreover, results showed that starch and glucose have the highest positive effects on alpha amylase production in the presence of 0.5 g/l and fructose have the highest effect in the presence of 0.25 g/l. Conclusion: Isolation and identification of orange orchards rhizospher-derived bacillus species considering their ability to produce a-amylase and phosphate solvation showed that the presence of this species in this region is very important. Moreover, increase in production of the enzyme after treatment with different carbon sources can be related to their gene expression induction effects. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

182 - Evaluation of antifungal activity of iturin producing Bacillus subtilis strains
Afagh Mohammadi Abbas Akhavan Sepahi Reza Hosseinidoost

Background & Objectives: Bacillus subtilis strains produce a wide variety of antimicrobial substances, such as iturin family lipopeptides, which are effective in biological control of many plant pathogens. The aim of present study was to investigation the antifungal More

Background & Objectives: Bacillus subtilis strains produce a wide variety of antimicrobial substances, such as iturin family lipopeptides, which are effective in biological control of many plant pathogens. The aim of present study was to investigation the antifungal activity of indigenous strains Bacillus subtilis against Fusarium moniliforme and Verticillium dahliae. Materials & Methods: The forest soil samples were collected from seven different parks at Tehran. The isolates were screened by antifungal activity. Two best strains with greater inhibition zone were identified by PCR. Then, nutrient broth media were optimized to produce of large volumes of the antifungal metabolites from the selected native strains. Following 4 day incubation, the bacterial metabolites were purified, and the presence of iturin was confirmed by chromatography method. Results: Totally, 23 isolated strains were confirmed as B. subtilis. In subsequent experiments, two strains 36 and 78 showed the greatest activity against the Fusarium moniliforme and Verticillium dahliae respectively. 16srRNA sequence analyses for selected isolates confirmed 100% similarity to B. subtilis. The nutrient broth with glucose, yeast extract, neutral pH and 30 ⁰C incubation temperature were optimized for the best production condition. The HPLC results showed that both the ability of these strains to produce iturin A in a specific period was as the same as standard iturin. Conclusion: These indigenous strains showed the ability to produce antifungal metabolites. Therefore, these strains can be used as good candidates for the biological control of plant pathogenic fungi and as an alternative for chemical fungicides. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

183 - Bio-remediation of sulfuric compounds from the ceramic wastewater using indigenous bacteria and Thiobacillus thioparus
Mahtab Taherian Fatemeh Ardestani Mehdi Parvini

Background & Objectives: Sulfide compounds of ceramic industries wastewater cause water pollution as well as plants and aquatic destruction.  This study was aimed to evaluate sulfide compounds removal from ceramic industries wastewater by Thiobacillus thioparus More

Background & Objectives: Sulfide compounds of ceramic industries wastewater cause water pollution as well as plants and aquatic destruction.  This study was aimed to evaluate sulfide compounds removal from ceramic industries wastewater by Thiobacillus thioparus and indigenous wastewater bacterial isolates.   Materials & Methods: Indigenous bacterial strains were proliferated at pH of  7, the temperature of 25oC, agitation speed of 200 rpm and an aeration rate of 100 mL min-1 in a 2 L bioreactor for 15 consecutive cycles. Sulfide compounds removal function of T. thioparus and indigenous bacterial strains along with the effect of pH and initial sulfide concentrations were investigated.   Results: The results showed a thiosulfate removal rate of 250 mg sulfide L-1 h-1, a thiosulfate conversion percentage of 100% and a thiosulfate oxidation time of 44 min following 8 consecutive cycles. The sulfide removal rate of T. thioparus and ceramic wastewater indigenous bacteria was obtained as 246.5 and 276.5 mg sulfide L-1 h-1, respectively. Sulfide removal rate by proliferated bacteria decreased from 250 at pH of 7 to 230 and 180 mg sulfide L-1 h-1 at pH of 8 and 9, respectively. Bacterial isolates had an acceptable function in sulfide concentration of 3000 mg L-1, as well. Sulfide removal ability of T. thioparus isolates was decreased by 2.5 and 4 folds, when pH changed from 7 to 8 and 9, respectively. This bacterial strain was not able to tolerate high sulfide concentrations.   Conclusion: The results showed that bacteria isolated from ceramic industries wastewater have a higher capability of sulfide compounds removal as compared to T. thioparus isolates.    Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

184 - Detoxification of aflatoxin b1 by Lactobacillus rhamnosus in a simulated model of the human digestive system
Mehran Sayadi Hossein Tajik

Background & Objectives: According to the FAO annual report, 10 percent of the world's food products are contaminated with fungal toxins, among which aflatoxins have the most contribution as compared to others. This research was aimed to assess the ability of Lactob More

Background & Objectives: According to the FAO annual report, 10 percent of the world's food products are contaminated with fungal toxins, among which aflatoxins have the most contribution as compared to others. This research was aimed to assess the ability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG in the reduction of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in a simulated human gastrointestinal tract containing sterilized milk.   Materials & Methods: For this purpose, the bacterial count and aflatoxin concentration were adjusted to 1×1010 cfu/ml and 5 ppm, respectively, where artificial gastrointestinal tract discharges were inoculated in the simulated environment. In this study 6 treatment groups were assessed in the presence and absence of bacteria, sterilized milk, and gastrointestinal juice suspension. The concentration of residual aflatoxin was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and purification by Immunoaffinity column.   Results: The reduction of aflatoxin B1 at all treatments was determined using HPLC with a detection limit of 0.25 mg/ml and a quantification limit of 0.75 mg/ml. The mycotoxin recovery rate was between 89% and 94% for AFB1. The aflatoxin B1 calibration curve with a correlation coefficient of 0.95 was linear in the concentration range of 1 to 10 ng/ml. The highest and lowest average removal percentage of aflatoxin B1 was observed for 5 and 1 treatments (58.8 ± 0.018 and 13.86 ± 0.017) respectively, where a significant difference in removal percentage was observed among six treatment groups.   Conclusion: The results indicated that beside L. rhamnosus strain GG, gastric and small intestine juices are suitable to eliminate or reduce aflatoxin B1, as well. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

185 - The prebiotic effect of inulin on the microbial, quality indexes and shelf life of probiotic pomegranate juice containing Lactobacillus plantarum
leila lakzadeh Arezoo Sabzevari Mehdi Amouheidari

Natural juices are an excellent substrate for the production of synbiotic functional food for the high nutritional value and common use. Therefore, the survival of the probiotic bacteria and the technological effects of bacteria and inulin were studied on the pomegranat More

Natural juices are an excellent substrate for the production of synbiotic functional food for the high nutritional value and common use. Therefore, the survival of the probiotic bacteria and the technological effects of bacteria and inulin were studied on the pomegranate juice quality. Inulin in different percentages (1.5, 3, 5) and Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria equivalent to 0.5 McFarland were added to pomegranate juice. The number of bacteria and the ability of inulin and bacteria in inhibition of fungi and preservation of antioxidant quality of pomegranate juice was considered in compare to the control sample, probiotic sample and prebiotic sample with 3% inulin due to the prohibition of preserver usage in functional food. Based on the results, the pomegranate juice sample containing 3% inulin was able to protect the number of lactobacilli bacteria to 1.5 × 107 cfu/ml in the 4th week in addition to the highest sensory score. Decrease of the antioxidant activity and counting of the fungi were 25.4%, 150 cfu/ml in the control sample, 0.38%, 90 cfu/ml in the prebiotic sample with 3% inulin and 0.26%, 65 cfu/ml in the symbiotic sample with 3% inulin, respectively, in the fourth week. Finally, production of the pomegranate juice with 3% inulin can effect on the maintenance of the antioxidant quality and increase of the product shelf life up to 4 weeks meanwhile making a functional product with preserving of the suitable number of probiotic bacteria.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

186 - Optimization of biomass production by probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnonsus at pilot-plant scale
Maryam Armand Mohammad Faezi Ghasemi Mohammad Reza Fazeli Mirsassan Mirpour

Background & objectives: Probiotics play a very important role in improving the normal intestinal flora and inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract and are also important for therapeutic purposes. This study aimed to optimize biomas More

Background & objectives: Probiotics play a very important role in improving the normal intestinal flora and inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract and are also important for therapeutic purposes. This study aimed to optimize biomass production by Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC53103 (GG) using the experimental design process. Materials and Methods: In this study, the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus was used. Plackett-Burman design method was used for the optimization. Fermentations in basal and optimized cultures were performed in 1300 liter Parspad Company's fermenters. Results: The results showed that beet molasses, glucose, and casein have the greatest effect on biomass production by Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Glucose with casein and beet molasses have a synergistic effect and increasing the concentration of glucose with increasing the concentration of two other factors increases the production of the biomass. Based on the results obtained, after optimization, the optimal culture medium for biomass production by Lactobacillus rhamnosus has the following compounds g/L-1: glucose 112.50, beet molasses 56.25, casein 18.75, yeast extract 18.75, K2HPO4 13.13, Tween 80 1.88, MgSO4. 7H2O 0.3750, MnSO4. 4H2O 0.0750, CaCl2. 2H2O  0.1875 and Simethicone1.25. The biomass production in optimized conditions was increased more than 2-folds higher than the basal medium. Conclusion: Biomass production by Lactobacillus rhamnosus on a semi-industrial scale was carried out in 1300 liters fermentors. Therefore, the results of this study can be used in the industrial production of Lactobacillus rhamnosus biomass. Also, commercial production under fed-batch and continuous culture conditions is recommended.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

187 - Antifungal activity of Bacillus subtilis isolated from soil in Tehran's parks against Fusarium graminearum
Fatemeh Rafiee Mohammad Reza Fazeli Abbas Akhavan sepahi Zahra Noormohammadi

10.30495/jmw.2021.690445

Background & Objectives: Soil microorganisms play an important role in the biological control of pathogenic fungi. The aim of this investigation was to isolate soil-borne Bacillus subtilis with the ability to produce antifngal lipopeptides  that are suitable&nb More

Background & Objectives: Soil microorganisms play an important role in the biological control of pathogenic fungi. The aim of this investigation was to isolate soil-borne Bacillus subtilis with the ability to produce antifngal lipopeptides  that are suitable  for suppressing Fusarium graminearum, which contaminates wheat, corn, potato and a wide range of plants.Materials & Methods: B. subtilis was isolated from the rhizospher of healthy plants of park        slocated in the five areas north, south, east, west and center of Tehran and was identified based on morphological characteristics, biochemical tests and sequencing of 16S rRNA. The antagonistic activity of isolated strains against F. graminearum was investigated by Well method. The strains that inhibited the growth of fungi and showed the greatest inhibition zone, were selected. Surfactin of selected bacteria was purified by methanol method and bacterial metabolites and pure surfactin (Sigma Company) were compared with, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results: Among 60 isolated strains, 27 strains had antifungal activity. Six strains with the highest fungal inhibition zone (8-16 mm) were selected and their yellow color and transparency was a confirmation to HPLC. Two bacteria with the highest amount of surfactin production by            molecular method showed high similarity with B. subtilis.Conclusion: The results show that Bacillus subtilis isolated from soil are good candidates for    biological control of plant pathogenic fungi and therefore can a suitable alternative to chemical fungicides.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

188 - Investigation of two Shuttle Vectors for Cloning and Expression of IL-11 Gene in Bacillus subtilis
َAtena Azarnosh majid moghbeli Farshid Kafilzadeh Mohammad Kargar Houshang Jamali

Background & Objectives: The recombinant human IL-11 is the only approved medicine used for treating chemotherapy-induced side effects. Platelet count decreases (thrombocytopenia) in cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy. Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a platelet incr More

Background & Objectives: The recombinant human IL-11 is the only approved medicine used for treating chemotherapy-induced side effects. Platelet count decreases (thrombocytopenia) in cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy. Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a platelet increasing cytokine. This study aimed to use two shuttle vectors of pHT43 and pMR12 for cloning the IL-11 gene and     expression of its protein in Bacillus. subtilis and the expression level in these two vectors was   investigated.Materials & Methods: In this study, the IL-11 gene was designed and synthesized as a closed structure with two restriction sites for BamH1 and XbaI enzymes and a final length of 609 bp. Then the gene was cloned in two shuttle vectors of pHT43 and pMR12 and transferred to            B. subtilis WB 600. The expression level of the recombinant IL-11 was evaluated with the      Bradford incubation, the pMR12-int11-carrying bacteria expressed higher levels of the protein          (75 µg/mL) than pHT43-int11-carrying bacteria.Results: The results of PCR indicated that the IL-11 gene existed in shuttle vectors pHT43 and pMR12. The expression of this protein was about 75 /g / mL using pMR12 vector, which is higher than the bacterium carrying pHT43-int11.Conclusion: The expression level of the recombinant IL-11 protein with pMR12 vector was higher than pHT43 vector. This amount has not been reported so far for IL-11. B. subtilis can express and produce IL-11 and can be used as a source for drug production Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

189 - Synergistic effect of silver oxide nanoparticles and probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum on gene expression of MexX component of pump efflux system in drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains
Oumaima AL-Hilli farahnaz molavi maryam tehranipoor

10.30495/jmw.2021.690448

Background & Objectives: An important part of drug resistance In Pseudomonas aeruginosa is    related to efflux pump systems. In this study, the antimicrobial effect of silver oxide nanoparticle and Lactobacillus plantarum probiotic on MexX gene expre More

Background & Objectives: An important part of drug resistance In Pseudomonas aeruginosa is    related to efflux pump systems. In this study, the antimicrobial effect of silver oxide nanoparticle and Lactobacillus plantarum probiotic on MexX gene expression has been studied. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 49 samples were collected from Mashhad and identified using standard methods. Strains with multidrug resistance were selected to determine MIC and check the frequency of MexX gene by PCR method. Broth dilution method was performed for probiotics, silver oxide nanoparticles and combination of both to obtain MIC and MBC. Microdilution method and Real time-PCR technique were used to determine the        effective dilution of silver oxide nanoparticles and probiotics and MexX gene expression,          respectively. The data related to the changes in MexX gene expression were analyzed by             the 2-ΔΔCT  method using the independent T test in two groups. Results: All strains had MexX gene and all of them were resistant to more than two antibiotics. The minimum concentration of growth inhibition in the dilution method in agar was for silver     oxide nanoparticles up to a dilution of 500 µg/ml and for probiotics up to a dilution of 16 µg/ml. Compared to probiotics, silver nanoparticles had a greater effect in inhibiting the growth of        bacteria, and the amount of this effect is greater than the combined effect of probiotics and silver nanoparticles (P>0.05). Conclusion: Silver oxide nanoparticle and probiotic have antibacterial effect to reduce            MexXY-OprM efflux pump function in Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

190 - Evaluation of effective factors in biocement production by Bacillus spp. isolated from lime soils of southern Iran
Seyedeh Somayeh FAZELIKIA Mohammad Kargar Seyed Ali Abtahi Mojtaba Jafari Nia

10.30495/jmw.2021.690434

Background & Objectives: Calcite precipitation by microbial stimulation (MICP) is the new method which used for soil stabilization and solidity. Biocementation is an ecological process based on microbial urease enzyme activity. The present study aimed to isolation a More

Background & Objectives: Calcite precipitation by microbial stimulation (MICP) is the new method which used for soil stabilization and solidity. Biocementation is an ecological process based on microbial urease enzyme activity. The present study aimed to isolation and identification of Bacillus spp. with MICP potential from various ecosystems of Iran. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 soil samples collected from arid and desert ecosystems of Iran. Bacillus were isolated and characterized by conventional microbiology tests and molecular methods include the amplification and sequences analysis of gyrA and 16S rRNA genes. Growth in presence of urea, different salinity, pH and temperature, also SEM, XRD and wind tunnel analysis were used to determine biocementation ability. Results: A total of 5 Bacillus isolate with strong urease activity belonging to 4 different species include B. amyloliquefaciens, B. thuringiensis, B. carboniphilus and B. oleos were identified. Optimum conditions for MICP by isolates are 35°C, pH 8.8 and 6% salinity. Moreover, the results of wind tunnel after MICP showed a 100-fold reduction in soil loss at a flow rate of 100 km/h. Conclusion: The results showed that indigenous Bacillus spp. have a significant potential to produce bio-cement. Therefore, its suggest the MICP process have been used to reduce soil losses due to wind erosion, stabilization of loose sands and ground consolidation in the desert soils of the country. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

191 - Mechanism of action of an antifungal batercin produced by a marine Bacillus sp. Sh10
fatemeh shayesteh Gires Usup

10.30495/jmw.2022.1926868.1964

Background and objective: bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides produced by different bacteria and can be applied as a therapeutic agent. The aim of this study was to investigate the mode of action of broad-spectrum bacteriocin produced by a marine Bacillus, strain Sh More

Background and objective: bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides produced by different bacteria and can be applied as a therapeutic agent. The aim of this study was to investigate the mode of action of broad-spectrum bacteriocin produced by a marine Bacillus, strain Sh10, on Candida      albicans ATCC 10231. Materials and Methods: Cell viability assay, determination of UV-absorbing materials, K+,       inorganic phosphate, ATP, and LIVE/DEAD cell viability assay as  well as scanned and         transmission electron microscopy were used to investigate the mode of action of bacteriocin. Results: The addition of 1 × MIC of bacteriocin to a cell suspension of C. albicans decreased the number of viable cells by about 4 log units over a period of 10 hours. It displayed a fungicidal mode of action with a massive leakage of K+ ions, inorganic phosphates, ATP, and                    UV-absorbance materials, leading to cell lysis. In addition, the permeability of C. albicans treated cells to propidium iodide was observed. The electron microscopic observations of treated cells indicated several modifications in cell morphology such as wrinkled surface, discontinuous and ruptured cell wall with concomitant lysis.  Conclusion: The data obtained in the current study demonstrated that the present bacteriocin       interacted with the cytoplasmic membrane of C. albicans cells, resulting in pore formation,         resulting in the efflux of interacellular materials that exhibit a fungicidal effect.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

192 - Effect of antagonistic bacterial agents isolated from the pistachio orchards on Aspergilus flavus
saeedeh dehghanpour farashah mehrdad salehzadeh

10.30495/jmw.2023.1968442.2038

Background &Objectives: Aflatoxin in pistachios and some other foods and feeeds causes diseases in human and animals. Aspergillus flavus has been reported as an important producer of aflatoxin. In this research, antagonistic bacterial agents were isolated from pista More

Background &Objectives: Aflatoxin in pistachios and some other foods and feeeds causes diseases in human and animals. Aspergillus flavus has been reported as an important producer of aflatoxin. In this research, antagonistic bacterial agents were isolated from pistachio orchards in Yazd province, Iran, and their antagonistic properties were investigated on A. flavus isolates. Materials & Methods: Different isolates of Bacillus sp. and Aspergillus sp. were isolated from different pistachio orchards in Yazd. A. flavus species were identified and various biochemical and molecular characteristics of bacterial isolates were investigated. Also, the antibiosis properties and production of antibiotics and effect of extracellular secretion, antifungal volatile substances and siderophore of the isolates were evaluated on A. flavus. Results: According to the results of biochemical and molecular tests, all isolates were identified as Bacillus. Strain Pr3 had the most effect with 95% and strains Pr5 and Pr7 had the least effect on A. flavus with 50%. The results of the antibiotic production test using chloroform method showed that isolates Pr3 and Pr7 had the highest and lowest antibiotic production with 84.35 and 38%, respectively. In this study, isolates Pr1, Pr2, Pr3 and Pr9 significantly produced extracellular     secretion, siderophore and antifungal volatile substances and showed different amounts of effect on A. flavus. Conclusion: According to the results obtained from this research and the findings of other related researches, different Bacillus species and their metabolites have high antagonistic properties against A. flavus, which can be used as an effective and promising method to inhibit the growth of the fungus and to prevent the production of aflatoxin.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

193 - Utilization and biodesulfurization of crude oil by Bacillus spp.
Abbas Akhavan Sepahi Isar Dejban Golpasha Masoud Emami Arjang Mohammad Nakhoda

Background and objectives: Today use of microorganisms for removing crude oil pollution from contaminated sites (bioremediation) was considered by scientists because other methods such as surfactant washing and incineration lead to production of more toxic compounds and More

Background and objectives: Today use of microorganisms for removing crude oil pollution from contaminated sites (bioremediation) was considered by scientists because other methods such as surfactant washing and incineration lead to production of more toxic compounds and they are non-economic. Materials and methods: Fifteen crude oil degrading Bacillus spp. were isolated from contaminated sites. Two isolated showed best growth in liquid media with 1-3% ( v/v) crude oil and mineral salt medium. Results: The results show maximal increase in optical densities, total viable count and total protein concomitant with decrease in pH on fifth day of experiment period for Bacillus S6. Typical generation time on mineral salt with 1% crude oil is 18h and 25-h respectively for Bacillus S6 and S35. These bacilli reduce surface tension from 60 (mN/m) to 31 and 38 (mN/m) it means that these bacilli can produce sufficient surfactant. Total of carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen was measured before and after of treatment by using ASTM D5291 method. The results reflect that total of carbon was decreased from 85.6 (mass %) to 41 and 48.8 (mass %) respectively by Bacillus S6 and S35. Biodesulfurization of crude oil was investigated by using IP 242 method. After one month of treatment at 30°C, 42% and 80% of total sulfur content was removed respectively by Bacillus S6 and S35. Conclusion: Quantitative analysis using gas chromatography carried out to demonstrate the effect of biodegradation on n-alkanes (C13-C30). In our study the amounts of hydrocarbons lost by biological processes. The results confirm that isolated Bacillus can use crude oil as source of carbon and energy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

194 - The effect of various parameters on the Jarosite formation in bioleaching of Sarcheshmeh copper mine sulfide ores
Bahman Nazari Hadi Hani Esmaeil Jorjani Zahra Manafi

Abstract: Background and Objective: Jarosite is one of the limiting factors for recovery of copper from copper sulfide minerals. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of concentration of ferrous sulfate, pH and temperature on the jarosite formation during the sulf More

Abstract: Background and Objective: Jarosite is one of the limiting factors for recovery of copper from copper sulfide minerals. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of concentration of ferrous sulfate, pH and temperature on the jarosite formation during the sulfide ore bioleaching of Sarcheshmeh copper mine. Material and Methods: In this study, samples were collected from the depot crushing heap bioleaching site of Sarcheshmeh Copper Mine. The bioleaching experiments were performed in 500 ml flasks, containing 10% solids of sulfide ore  (w/v), pulp (200 ml), the 9K culture medium, bacteriainoculation (10% v/v of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans). The flask were shaked at 130 rpm throughout incubation. Results: Our results showed that increase in pH and concentration of ferrous sulfate facilitate rate of ferric iron precipitation. Maximum precipitation rate of ferric was achieved in 50 g/l of sulfate concentration, temperature 32 ° C and pH 2/2. According to XRD and FTIR analysis of Bioleaching residue, the produced ferric precipitations are often potassium and ammonium jarosite. Conclusion: With regard to the optimal conditions in this study in terms of pH, temperature and concentration of ferrous sulfate it is possible to regulate Jarosite formation through bioleaching process and to increase the production of copper efficiency from copper sulfide ores. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

195 - Comparison of function of immobilized and free Bacillus licheniformis cells in production of alkaline protease
Mohammad Mashhadi-Karim Mehrdad Azin Seyyed Latif Mousavi Gargari Meysam Sarshar

Abstract Background and Objective: Proteases are an important group of industrial enzymes, which are widely used in different industries such as detergent, leather tanning, pharmaceutical, and food industries. The aim of this study was to immobilize Bacillus lichenifor More

Abstract Background and Objective: Proteases are an important group of industrial enzymes, which are widely used in different industries such as detergent, leather tanning, pharmaceutical, and food industries. The aim of this study was to immobilize Bacillus licheniformis cells in calcium alginate beads and study of its effects on the amount of alkaline protease production. Effects of several different conditions on stability of the beads were also examined. Material and Methods: Bacillus licheniformis cells were immobilized in calcium alginate beads and were used for production of alkaline protease. The amount of enzyme production was compared in immobilized and free-cell fermentation. Effect of stuffing rate (%) on the enzyme production was studied. Optimum pH and temperature of enzyme activity were also determined. Furthermore, effects of pH, curing time and treating the beads by glutaraldehyde on stability of the beads were examined. Results: In this study the amount of production and productivity of protease in immobilized cells state showed an increase of 74% and 54% in comparison to free cells state, respectively. The highest amount of the production of the enzyme was obtained in stuffing rate of 5% (v/v). Optimum pH and temperature of the enzyme activity were determined 8 and 65oC, respectively. The highest stability of the beads was observed at curing time of 1 hour at pH of 7.4. Treating the beads by glutaraldehyde was detrimental to their stability. Conclusion: Use of immobilized cells of Bacillus licheniformis in calcium alginate beads on the one hand, can increase productivity of the alkaline protease in comparison to free cells method, and on the other hand, reduces the cost of the enzyme production because of eliminating the need of preparation of inoculum for the new batches. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

196 - Isolation, characterization and serotype classification of Bacillus thuringiensis from different soil samples of Fars province
Elham Moazamian Nima Bahador Manochehr Rasouli Negar Azarpira

Background and Objective: Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a bacterium best known for its production of crystal-like bodies comprised of one or more crystal proteins in sporulation phase, which can be toxic to insects, nematodes and cancer cells. The purpose of this study More

Background and Objective: Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a bacterium best known for its production of crystal-like bodies comprised of one or more crystal proteins in sporulation phase, which can be toxic to insects, nematodes and cancer cells. The purpose of this study is isolation, characterization and comparison of Cry proteins in the isolated strains obtained in different parts of Fars province. Material and Methods: 25 soil samples were collected from six different habitats in Fars province using seven different methods. Characterization was performed based on biochemical tests, protein crystal morphology by phase-contrast microscope and variation of cry protein toxin using SDS-PAGE. Results: The tests showed a highest count of Bt strains in soil samples obtained from Shiraz city. The Bt colonies were classified according to biochemical tests such as: sucrose and salicin fermentation, lecithinase production and esculin hydrolyzing. Conclusion: Results showed that although isolated strains have a variety of protein bands with different sizes, the proteins with 34KD was observed following proteinase K digestion in all the samples. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

197 - Isolation and identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria in the people's mouth and studying on their inhibitory effect on some entropathogenic bacteria
Jamileh Noroozi Anita Khanafari Shirin Beiglari

Background and objectives: Predominant organisms in plaques are of the genus Streptococcus, with Streptococcus mutans being the species most important in the formation of dental caries. Another organism that is important in the development of caries is the lactobacillus More

Background and objectives: Predominant organisms in plaques are of the genus Streptococcus, with Streptococcus mutans being the species most important in the formation of dental caries. Another organism that is important in the development of caries is the lactobacillus. Lactobacillus species are not important in the initiation of caries but in the continuation. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify of lactic acid bacteria from the mouth in different ages, determination of pH and study the inhibitory effect of isolated Lactobacilli on some entropathogens bacteria (Salmonella, Shigella and Escherchia coli). Material and Methods: From 75 persons in different ages, the samples were collected from saliva and around dental and were cultured in MRS medium. Lactobacilli and Streptococci were isolated and identified by standard methods (morphology, microscopic shape and chemical characteristics and fermentation of carbohydrates). Growth pH of isolated Lactobacillus was determined. Inhibitory effects of isolated bacteria were evaluated by spot on the lawn, blank disk and well-diffusion methods on Salmonella, Shigella and Escherichia coli. Results: Isolated Lactobacillus were including L. fermentum, L. casei, L. gasseri, L. brevis, L. plantarum and L. acidophilus, and isolated Streptococci was Streptococcus mutans. Isolated Lactobacilli had inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli but they didn't have any inhibitory effect on Salmonella and Shigella. Conclusion: Our results showed that some Lactobacilli had inhibitory effect on some pathogenic in vitro. So, consumption of dairy (because of the presence of Lactobacilli) is recommended. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

198 - Screening Native L-glutaminase Producing Bacteria and Enzyme Production by Submerged Fermentation
Maryam Ranjbar-Mobarake Mohsen Mobini-Dehkordi Ali Asghar Rastegary

Background and Objective: L-glutaminase is widely used in pharmaceutical and food industries, such as treatment of leukemia. This study aimed to isolate and identify native L-glutaminase producing bacteria in Iran and to study its quantitative activity in submerged ferm More

Background and Objective: L-glutaminase is widely used in pharmaceutical and food industries, such as treatment of leukemia. This study aimed to isolate and identify native L-glutaminase producing bacteria in Iran and to study its quantitative activity in submerged fermentation. Material and Methods: The L-glutaminase producer bacteria were isolated from soil and water samples of Zayandehrod and Karoon Rivers and also from the sediments of fishing pools. The isolates were screened using minimal glutamine agar (MGA) medium for producing L-glutaminase enzyme. The samples were grown in a submerged fermentation system using mineral salt glutamine (MSG) medium, and the produced enzyme was assayed quantitatively. The best glutaminase producer bacterium was identified by the gram-staining and biochemical tests. Result: In this study, 11 glutaminase producer strains were isolated. Bacillus subtilis CH3-GLU strain showed maximum enzyme productivity 37.91±0.62 U/ml at temperature 45° C after 96 hours. Conclusion: Based on this study, Bacillus subtilis CH3-GLU showed the highest rate of glutaminase production. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

199 - Study of Physicochemical factors on dipicolinic acid formation by Bacillus cereus PTCC1015
Saber Niksirat Mohammad Faezi Ghasemi Khosro Isasazadh Mohammad Reza Khosh Kholgh Pahlaviani

Background and Objective: Dipicolinic acid (pyridne 2, 6 dicarboxylic acid) is a major component of bacterial spore and is unique in that it has been found only in bacterial endospore. This study was aim to evaluate the environmental stress on DPA production in Bacillus More

Background and Objective: Dipicolinic acid (pyridne 2, 6 dicarboxylic acid) is a major component of bacterial spore and is unique in that it has been found only in bacterial endospore. This study was aim to evaluate the environmental stress on DPA production in Bacillus cereus PTCC1015.   Materials and Methods: In this experimental study the effects of environmental stresses including temperature, ethanol, NaCl and pH on the production of DPA by Bacillus cereus PTCC 1015 were evaluated by colorimetric assay (the color complex formed by interaction of ferrous iron with dipicolinic acid) and comparison with standard curves. Results: The results showed that the amount of DPA in B. cereus decreased upon increase in acidic condition and salt concentration in the medium. DPA formation increased at alkaline pH 8-10. DPA formation decreased in the medium containing 5-55% of ethanol. DPA formation was higher in optimum temperature at 30 ºCin comparison to the reference strains. The cell concentration decreased at 90 ºC and level of DPA detected in this stage. Conclusion: In stressful condition, DPA formation significantly reduced and these properties can be used in food and dairy industries to control spore production of Bacillus cereus. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

200 - Antimicrobial activity of cholesterol eliminator lactobacilli
Ahmad Zaheri Amir Emami Rafaat Noeiaghdam

Background and Objective: The extensive increasing antibiotic resistance in the world made us use natural probiotic compounds as a curing alternative. In this study two lactobaclilli (L. casei and L. acidophilus), which in another survey were determined as the most act More

Background and Objective: The extensive increasing antibiotic resistance in the world made us use natural probiotic compounds as a curing alternative. In this study two lactobaclilli (L. casei and L. acidophilus), which in another survey were determined as the most active probiotics for removing and eliminating cholesterol, were chosen to evaluate their antibacterial activity against pathogens. Material and Methods: This case control study had performed on the Lactobacillus isolated strains from the Fars local dairy products. The resistance of the lactobacillus strains to antibiotics was assessed using disk diffusion method. Also, in order to evaluate their ability to inhibite the growth of other pathogens, the obtained supernatant of their 72 hours broth culture have been used by agar diffusion method in both active and inactive condition  Results: Although L. casei was resistant to all assayed antibiotics, L. acidophilus was susceptible to tobramycin and vancomycin. Also, the antibacterial studies of the Lactobacilli on several pathogens showed an inhibition zone for most of the assayed pathogens except for B. subtilis. Conclusion: According to the resistance of these two lactobacilli to the ordinary antibiotics and their high antibacterial activities against the nosocomial infections, they are applicable for probiotics purposes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

201 - Isolation of a Native Bacillus licheniformis Amylase Producer from Hot Source of Semnan
Majid Moghbeli Hamid Noshiri

Background and Objectives: Amylase is one of the important industrial enzymes, which is used in the food industry, detergent production, glucose, textile, and paper making. Bacillus spp. are considered as a major amylase and protease producer microorganisms. The main pu More

Background and Objectives: Amylase is one of the important industrial enzymes, which is used in the food industry, detergent production, glucose, textile, and paper making. Bacillus spp. are considered as a major amylase and protease producer microorganisms. The main purpose for the study is isolating amylase positive thermophile Bacillus Spp. from hot sources of Semnan province. Material and Methods: Soil, fertilizer and water samples were collected from environment and the hot springs. After dilution preparation, samples were cultured on starch agar medium and then, potential of amylase producing was measured. Alpha-amylase enzyme activity of isolates was measured using di-nitro salicylic acid (DNS) method. Results: Among 10 amylase producing isolated bacteria, two samples showed the highest amylase activity, 104.5u/ml and 61.2u/ml respectively. Although both the samples were diagnosed as Bacillus spp. one of them was belong to mesophile species while another one was detected as thermophile Bacillus. The thermophile Bacillus has been detected as a member of B. licheniformis according to Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Conclusion: Due to high consumption of amylase enzymes and lack of producing the enzymes in Iran, The isolated Bacillus licheniformis in this study, with 61.2 U product per mL, can be introduced as candidate for produce the favorite amount of the enzyme after proper genetic manipulations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

202 - Biodegradation of fluoranthene by indigenous bacteria isolated from sediments of mangrove forests in Persian Gulf
Farshid Kafilzade Parvin Amiri Atefeh Rezaei Narges Ahmadi

Background and Objectives: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are a group of organic compounds with two or more aromatic rings, and approximately 90 percent of these compounds are carcinogen. Although there are different methods to clear such contaminants from environment More

Background and Objectives: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are a group of organic compounds with two or more aromatic rings, and approximately 90 percent of these compounds are carcinogen. Although there are different methods to clear such contaminants from environment, microorganisms are more effective and more cost friendly. This study was designed to isolate indigenous microorganisms which are able to biodegradation fluoranthene from sediments of mangrove forests in Persian Gulf and to evaluate their biodegrading ability on fluoranthene. Materials and Methods: This sectional study was performed on the sediment samples collected from Persian Gulf mangrove. The bacteria were counted in two series of media; one containing fluoranthene and another one without any contaminants. The degrading bacteria were isolated on two basic mineral media (MSM and MSM Agar). The degradation ability were assayed based on High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: The total number of bacteria grown on the medium without Fluoranthene was significantly more than those contaminated with Fluoranthene (cfu/g). Among the isolated bacteria Bacillus circulance, Alcaligens fecalis, Entrobacter, Listeria and Staphylococcus showed the highest ability to degrade Fluoranthene. Bacillus circulance and Alcaligens fecalis showed the most biodegrading activity and growth at the presence of fluoranthene (73.4% and 71%, respectively). Conclusion: Results of this study indicate that there are many fluoranthene degrading bacteria in Persian Gulf mangrove sediments. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

203 - Survey Role and Important of Surfaces Structure and β–lactamase of Bacillus cereus in Drug Resistant
Shilla Jalalpoor Hamid Abousaidi

Background and Objectives: S-layer is a outer protein in bacteria and archaea which intensifies bacterial pathogenicity due to inhibiting antibiotic’s entrance to cells. Because staffs and hospital surfaces have a major role in nosocomial infections, contaminating More

Background and Objectives: S-layer is a outer protein in bacteria and archaea which intensifies bacterial pathogenicity due to inhibiting antibiotic’s entrance to cells. Because staffs and hospital surfaces have a major role in nosocomial infections, contaminating this source with S-layer and β–lactamase positive strains of B. cereus can lead to spread the antibiotic resistant nosocomial infections. In this study, in addition to determine the frequency of S-layer and β–lactamase positive strains in hospital environment, their function in inhibition of antibiotic’s entrance has been surveyed.   Material and Methods: The descriptive research was performed on 274 samples isolated from Azzahra hospital and Isfahan University during 2005/2007. In order to preparation of samples, 16 hours bacterial culture in TSA (Tryptone Soya Agar) were used and then electrophoresis with 10X SDS-PAGE were performed. Antibiogram were performed with Kirby Bauer method and β–lactamase production, with acidimetric method. Results: From 247 isolated bacteria, frequency of B. cereus strains was %9.49. Eleven sample (84/6%) from 13 isolated B. cereus of staff hand and 1 sample (7/7%) from 13 isolated B.cereus from hospital surfaces produce S-layer nano-structure. According to antibiogram result, non producer S-layer strains, in comparative S-layer producer strains, were more sensitive to antibiotics and all S-layer producer B.cereus strains, produce β–lactamase. Conclusion: Result  of this study show high prevalence S-layer and β–lactamase producer B. cereus strains in hospital, that lead to increase antibiotic resistance nosocomial infection and is necessary go on to reduce transfer virulence agent and antibiotic resistant in pathogen bacteria. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

204 - Construction of an expression shuttle vector for Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis
Mohammad Reza Rashidi Majid Moghbeli

Background and Objectives: Bacillus subtilis is considered as a suitable host for gene cloning and protein expression due to non-pathogenicity and ability to secrete high amounts of proteins. However, transformation efficiency of ligated plasmid DNA into competent cells More

Background and Objectives: Bacillus subtilis is considered as a suitable host for gene cloning and protein expression due to non-pathogenicity and ability to secrete high amounts of proteins. However, transformation efficiency of ligated plasmid DNA into competent cells of B. subtilis is low, as compared to that into CaCl2 shocked cells of Escherichia coli. Therefore, cloning the target in E. coli using a shuttle vector before transfer into B. subtilis by a high amount of hybrid vector is more efficient. The aim of this study is construction a shuttle vector using pW980 and pET-16b plasmids for gene cloning and expression in B. subtilis. Materials and Methods: pWB980 plasmid was isolated from its host using alkaline lysis method. It was undergone a double digestion to obtain the segment of interest using EcoRI  and SnaBI enzymes. Then a special fragment of pET-16b plasmid was also amplified by PCR and was double digested. Ligation reaction was performed between these two segments and then it was transferred to E. coli TOP10. Following screening the cells containing shuttle vector, plasmid was extracted and was transferred to B. subtilis WB600 by an effective method. Results: The resulting shuttle vector replicated easily in both hosts. It showed good stability in B. subtilis, which is helpful for its maintenance in its host. Conclusion: In this study, the resulting shuttle vector - pMR12 - had 8 unique cloning site in its polylinker and a suitable size (5.4 kb), which make it possible to simply gene cloning into it. This is the first report of construction of an expression shuttle vector for Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis in Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

205 - Inhibitory Effect of Lactobacillus strains isolated from the feces of children on the pathogenic bacteria of the intestines and stomach
Keramatollah Dorri Vahid Hemayatkhah Jahromi Najmeh Namdar Hosein Kargar Jahromi

Background and Objective: Lactic acid bacteria are characterized as gram positive, usually non motile, non-spore forming bacteria that affect the health conditions of their hosts due to production of lactic acid and other fermentative yields. The aim of this study was t More

Background and Objective: Lactic acid bacteria are characterized as gram positive, usually non motile, non-spore forming bacteria that affect the health conditions of their hosts due to production of lactic acid and other fermentative yields. The aim of this study was to isolate Lactobacillus strains from stool sample of children and to determine their antimicrobial activity against common pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Helicobacter pylori. Material and methods: The bacteria were isolated from the stool samples via cultivation on MRS agar media. Identification of the lactobacilli was performed based on their morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. Inhibitory effect of isolated lactobacilli on pathogenic bacteria was assessed by well diffusion and disk diffusion methods. After centrifuging the cultured bacteria and their sedimentation in the tubes, the pathogenic bacteria were plated on MRS agar. Following adding 100µl lactobacillus supernatant to the wells, the results were interpreted after 24-48 h. Result: 19 samples out of 40 samples (47.5 %) had inhibitory effect on the studied pathogenic bacteria. L. plantarum, L. fermentum and L. rhamnosus were isolated more than other species. Maximum inhibitory effects of lactobacilli were observed against Escherichia coli and Salmonella. The widest antimicrobial hollow were obtained when the pathogenic bacteria were exposed to the supernatants of L. rhamnosus and L.fermentum. Conclusion: In conclusion, the result showed that Lactobacillus strains are useful for treatment of persistent diarrhea and gastrointestinal disease and their consumption as dairy products would be effective for both prevention and treatment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

206 - The catalytic activity of biological seeds and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans on the process of ammonium jarosite
Nasim Eftekhari Mohammad Kargar Farokh Rokhbakhsh Zamin Nahid Rastakhiz Zahra Manafi

Background & Objectives: Ferric iron that commonly exists in the leaching solution needs to be removed before the recovery of copper bioleaching using methods such as jarosite seed. The objective of this study was to investigate the catalytic performance of biologic More

Background & Objectives: Ferric iron that commonly exists in the leaching solution needs to be removed before the recovery of copper bioleaching using methods such as jarosite seed. The objective of this study was to investigate the catalytic performance of biological seeds and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans in the process of jarosite formation via the biosynthesis process. Materials & Methods: Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans was first grown in 9K medium. Jarosite seeds were synthesized using this bacterium. Then the effect of the biological activity of different seeds (5, 10 g/L) on jarosite formation was investigated. The type of jarosites synthesized was identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. Meantime, the morphologies of jarosite crystals were studied. Results: The FTIR and XRD results showed that biosynthetic jarosite seeds are ammonium jarosite type. The amount of jarosite increased with increasing seed concentration and the induction time of precipitation decreased. The pH and Eh of culture medium with increasing seed decreased. Bacterial growth also decreased in the presence of jarosite seeds compared to medium without biological seeds. According to the results of SEM, The morphologies of ammonium jarosite crystals were significantly aﬀected by the jarosite seeds. The jarosite crystals were precipitated with the presence of seeds that had a smooth, uniform, and larger surface than non- seeding jarosite. Conclusion: The results showed that the precipitation process of jarosite is more complete with biological seeds. The results of this study can improve the efficiency of the iron removal process in copper bioleaching and reduce production costs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

207 - Effect of Separate and combined application of phosphorus and biofertilizer, phosphor barvar2, on vegetative characteristics, grain yield and essential oil content of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum)
Farzin Abdolahi Somayeh Rastegar Saber Arzani

In order to study the effect of separate and combined application of phosphorus and biofertilizer, phosphate barvar2 on vegetative growth, grain yield and essential oil content of coriander, the factorial experiment was conducted as complete random block design with thr More

In order to study the effect of separate and combined application of phosphorus and biofertilizer, phosphate barvar2 on vegetative growth, grain yield and essential oil content of coriander, the factorial experiment was conducted as complete random block design with three replications in research field of Giroft Azad University. The experimental factors were included three phosphorus levels (0, 75 and 150 kg triple superphosphate ha-1) and three biofertilizer, phosphate barvar2 levels (0, 100 and 200 g ha-1). Phosphate barvar2 biofertilizer improved coriander vegetative characteristics significantly. Maximum means of growth characteristics were obtained when 150 kg triple superphosphate ha-1 combined with 200 or 100 g phosphate barvar2 ha-1. With the exception of final biomass and stem diameter, in other vegetative traits no significant differences were observed between 75 kg triple superphosphate ha-1 + 200 g phosphate barvar2 and 150 kg triple superphosphate ha-1 + 100 or 200 g phosphate barvar2. Phosphate barvar2 biofertilizer, increased grain yield and yield components and essential oil content significantly when compared with control. Maximum means of these traits were obtained when 200 g phosphate barvar2 ha-1 was applied. Combined applications of phosphorus and phosphate barvar2 biofertilizer increased grain yield and yield components and essential oil content significantly when compared with their separate applications. The results of this study showed that use of phosphate barvar2 biofertilizer plays a significant role in increasing the quantative and qualitative yields of coriander and it can be used as an alternative for phosphorus fertilizer in sustainable agriculture. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

208 - Effects of aluminium sulphate, hydroxyquinoline citrate and calcium hypochlorate on postharvest physiological and microbial properties of cut Polar Star rose
M.M. Jowkar

One of the major factors effecting vase life and postharvest loss in cut flowers is water relation interruption due to vase solution microbial proliferation. Therefore in order to find a suitable biocide as vase solution for Polar Star roses, an experiment was conducted More

One of the major factors effecting vase life and postharvest loss in cut flowers is water relation interruption due to vase solution microbial proliferation. Therefore in order to find a suitable biocide as vase solution for Polar Star roses, an experiment was conducted in completely randomized design within two parts: a) postharvest physiology of cut flower and b) vase solution microbiology. Applied treatments were aluminium sulphate (AS) (200, 400, 600 mgl-1), hydroxyquinoline citrate (HQC) (200, 300, 400 mgl-1) and calcium hypochlorate (400, 600, 800 mgl-1) and sterilized distilled water as control. In the first part, various physiological properties such as: vase life, side effects, fresh weight and solution uptake were studied while in the second part microbiological properties such as: microbial count, growth and kind were studied. Results of the physiological part indicate the beneficial effect of AS on vase life and postharvest quality which resulted a maximum vase life of 11.67 days in 200 mgl-1 AS treated flowers. The highest increase and the least decrease in flower fresh weight beside the most solution uptake were also seen in AS treated flowers. This was while HQC was the most effective treatment in controlling microbial proliferation. Bacillus, Coccus and Streptomyces were the most abundant vase solution microbial contaminations. Considering longest vase life, beneficial effect on physiological properties and acceptable microbial control, 200 mgl-1 AS was considered as the best treatment for cut Polar Star roses. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

209 - بررسی اثرات مصرف توام کنجاله کانولا (Canola) و پروبیوتیک لاکتوباسیلوس رامنوسوس (Lactobacillus rhamnosus) بر رشد و زنده مانی لارو ماهی قزل آلای رنگین کمان(Oncorhynchus mykiss)
علی قربانی رنجبری زهرا قربانی رنجبری

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Open Access Article

210 - The Synergist Effect of The Henna Plant, Lawsonia alba on Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki Against Third Larval Instar of Pistachio Leaf Borer, Ocneria terebinthina Strg. (Lep.: Lymanteriidae)
Zahra Sheibani

10.22034/jon.2017.537833

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Open Access Article

211 - جداسازی و شناسایی گونه‌های لاکتوباسیلوس از شیر الاغ منطقه آذربایجان ایران با استفاده از تعیین توالی ژن 16S rDNA
محمد قربانی محمدرضا اصغرزاده

10.30495/jbcvm.2023.1980303.1040

استفاده از شیر الاغ به‌ دلیل خواص تغذیهای و فقدان پروتئینهای آلرژیزا در حال افزایش است. تحقیق حاضر با هدف شناسایی باکتریهای لاکتوباسیلوس بومی انجام شد. تعداد 3 نمونه شیر الاغ از شهرهای بناب، مراغه و نقده منطقه آذربایجان به صورت تصادفی و با رعایت شرای More

استفاده از شیر الاغ به‌ دلیل خواص تغذیهای و فقدان پروتئینهای آلرژیزا در حال افزایش است. تحقیق حاضر با هدف شناسایی باکتریهای لاکتوباسیلوس بومی انجام شد. تعداد 3 نمونه شیر الاغ از شهرهای بناب، مراغه و نقده منطقه آذربایجان به صورت تصادفی و با رعایت شرایط سترون جمعآوری شدند. نمونه‌ها در آگار MRS کشت و بر روی پرگنه‌های رشد یافته، آزمایشهای اختصاصی جهت شناسایی لاکتوباسیلوس انجام شد. شناسایی مولکولی جدایهها، براساس تکثیر ژن S rDNA16 با استفاده از پرایمرهای اختصاصی و واکنش زنجیره‌ای پلیمراز انجام شد. گونه‌های لاکتوباسیوس با تعیین توالی ژن S rDNA16 و ترسیم درخت فیلوژنی  آنالیز شدند. براساس نتایج PCR، 3 جدایه لاکتوباسیلوس تشخیص داده شدند. نتایج آنالیز توالی نشان داد که دو جدایه با لاکتوباسیلوس پلانتاروم و یک جدایه با لاکتوباسیلوس فرمنتوم مشابهت بالایی دارند. بنابراین میتوان نتیجهگیری نمود که لاکتوباسیلوس پلانتاروم گونه غالب در شیر الاغ منطقه آذربایجان ایران میباشد. به دلیل پتانسیل پروبیوتیکی جدایههای لاکتوباسیلوس شیر الاغ پیشنهاد میگردد در تولید فرآوردههای شیر پروبیوتیکی استفاده گردند.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

212 - The study of improving silaged corn quality and reduction of ensiling period by using microbial additives
H. Mansoori Yarahmadi

This experiment was done for quality improvement and decrease ensiling period from 21 to 14 day. Experimental design was completely randomized design with 5 treatments by adding Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) and Saccharomyses cervicea (Sc). Treatments were, 1) Without an More

This experiment was done for quality improvement and decrease ensiling period from 21 to 14 day. Experimental design was completely randomized design with 5 treatments by adding Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) and Saccharomyses cervicea (Sc). Treatments were, 1) Without any additive such as control (LP0-SC0), 2) 0.5 gr Lactobacillus Plantarum in 100 kg corn forage (LP1-SC0), 3) 0.75 gr L. plantarum in 100 kg corn forage (LP2-SC0), 4) 0.5 gr Saccharomyses Cervicea in 100 kg corn forage (LP0-SC1) and 5) 0.5 gr L. plantarum and 0.5 gr S. cervicea in 100 kg corn forage (LP1-SC1). Silo construction was simulated by dark barrel bung. Sampling and evaluating was done for pH, DM, lactic acid, acetic acid and apparent specifications at the end of 7, 14, 21th days. In each sampling at the end of 14 and 21th days LP2-SC0 had lowest pH and highest lactic acid.. pH and lactic acid at 21 day in LP2-SC0 was significant with other treatment (P<0.05). Therefore by using of suitable microbial additives, can decrease ensiling period from 21 to 14 day and prevent from harmful facts. But corn silage consumption is not recommended less than 21 day. Manuscript profile

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213 - Probiotic Viability, Physicochemical Characterization and Sensory Properties of Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) Juice Supplemented with Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii
Melika Tahmasebian Razzagh Mahmoudi Mohamad Javad Shakouri

10.22034/jchr.2020.1884553.1072

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214 - Lactobacillus paracasei Impact on Myocardial Hypertrophy in Rats with Heart Failure
Zohreh Hesari Khatereh Kafshdoozan Mahdi Barati Parviz Kokhaei Sina Andalib Fatemeh TalebiKiassari Mahboubeh Darban anna abdolshahi Bahador Bagheri

10.22034/jchr.2020.1888659.1080

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215 - Restorative Effect of Iranian Probiotic Bacteria Lactobacillus casei on Healing gastric Stomach Ulcers Caused by Acetic Acid in Male Wistar Rats
اصغر سکوتی مهدی رهنما میترا حیدری نصرآبادی مریم ابراهیمی تاج آبادی

Gastric ulcer is a common disease caused by male nutrition and drug side effects. The treatment with chemical drugs is along with Physiological problems. Problems such as self -immunity has brought many efforts for finding new treatments for Gastric ulcer. Probiotic bac More

Gastric ulcer is a common disease caused by male nutrition and drug side effects. The treatment with chemical drugs is along with Physiological problems. Problems such as self -immunity has brought many efforts for finding new treatments for Gastric ulcer. Probiotic bacteria are the dominant digestive organisms used in the treatment of digestive diseases. One of the most important groups of probiotic bacteria is lactic acid, normally used as the ferment of dairy products The aim of this study is to investigate the restorative effect of probiotic bacteria isolated from native dairy products on healing gastric (stomach) ulcer of male wistar rats. In this study, the mice were randomly divided into three groups including the experimental, control 1 and control 2 groups. After tolerating Twenty-four hours of hunger, mice received surgery and Gastric (stomach) ulcer was created through injection of 12 / 0 ml of acetic acid (60%v/ v). One day after the surgery, the experimental group received 10 andtimes; 1010 cfu / day bacterial solution in one ml of sterilized milk, and control groups were respectively treated by one ml of sterilized milk and 2 ml of water through gavage until the time of dissecting. the mice were killed at 1, 4, 7, 10 and 14 days after building the stomach ulcer. The statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software and test results as Mean andplusmn; SEM were reported. The strains of bacteria Lactobacillus casei have significantly decreased the dimensions (sizes) of gastric (stomach) ulcer of the experimentalgroup than the control group 1 and 2 (p andlt; 0 / 001) and have increased gastric ulcer healing. Thehistological studies on the fourth day showed a significant increase of neutrophils, macrophages and fibroblasts in the experimental group than control groups and on the 7th, 10thand 14thday showed significant reduction of neutrophils and macrophages in the experimental group in comparison with control groups. Fibroblasts were significantly increased in the experimental group on 7thday and decreased in 10thand 14thday in comparison with control groups. The probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus casei have a significant restorative effect on gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid. Manuscript profile

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216 - The Effect of lactobacillus spp and bifidobacterium longum on heamatological factors in famale BALB/c mice infected with salmonella typhimurium
زینب عزیزی پور مهدی رهنما رضا شاپوری

Probiotics are live microorganisms that consuming them increase health. It is used in treating and resolving gastrointestinal infections in humans and animals, caused by Salmonella typhimurium. Therefore the aim of this research is to study the effects of probioticandrs More

Probiotics are live microorganisms that consuming them increase health. It is used in treating and resolving gastrointestinal infections in humans and animals, caused by Salmonella typhimurium. Therefore the aim of this research is to study the effects of probioticandrsquo;s mixture on prevention and treatment of female mice BALB/c infected with Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, and to investigate the effects of Probiotics mixture on the blood indices and serum cholesterol level of the infected mice. In this study 18 female mice BALB/c aging 6-8 weeks were chosen and divided into three groups of six: experimental, sham and control. After treating the experimental group with a mixture of probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus Ramnosus andBifidobacterium Longum) and sham with normal saline orally for 35 days, 1ml of suspension of bacteria (103 CFU / ml) was injected intraperitoneally to the mice in the three groups. After the pre-treatment period, blood samples were takes for testing blood indices. After dissecting the mice and removing spleen, the spleen homogenization was performed and the number of bacteria was counted. According to the results, mixture of probiotic reduced the number of Salmonella typhimurium, spleen and liver indices, reduced liver and spleen weights and increased the number of lymphocyte Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

217 - Evaluation of colonization ability of lactobacilli isolated from traditional cheese and adherence to epithelial cells of human GI tract, Caco-2 cell line
میترا حیدری نصرآبادی مریم تاج آبادی ابراهیمی هدی بهرامی

The aim of this study was to assesandrsquo;colonization ability of 7 lactobacilli strain isolated from traditional cheese in GI[1] trace. So resistance to acidic pH, bile salt and ability to adhere Caco-2 cell line was assessed in vitro. 2 hour acidic treatments lead to More

The aim of this study was to assesandrsquo;colonization ability of 7 lactobacilli strain isolated from traditional cheese in GI[1] trace. So resistance to acidic pH, bile salt and ability to adhere Caco-2 cell line was assessed in vitro. 2 hour acidic treatments lead to 0-4 log reduction of tested strains. Isolate B1D2was fully resistance and no reduction in population observed after acid treatment. Bile salt cause growth delay between 25-180 min for all strains and BH1with D= 25 andplusmn; 4.80 min was the most resistance strain. Ability to adhere Caco-2 cell line was strain depended and GI2 and SL2 were less and most adherent strain respectively. In conclusion evaluation of these 3 factor in vitro indicated that SM3, BD2, SM1, SL2 isolated from Semnan and Babol cheese have colonization ability Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

218 - Repair Ethanol Induced Amnesia with Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Iranian Probiotic, in Male Wistar Rats
A. Rahimi Ahmadi B. Pakpour M. TajAbadi Ebrahimi

Probiotics are food supplements and pharmaceutical substances prepared from living microorganisms that with enhancement of microbial equilibrium of intestinal microbiota, insert useful effects on the host (human/animal). Nutrients could affect the brain and neurohormone More

Probiotics are food supplements and pharmaceutical substances prepared from living microorganisms that with enhancement of microbial equilibrium of intestinal microbiota, insert useful effects on the host (human/animal). Nutrients could affect the brain and neurohormones via vagus nerve. Therefore, probiotics can regulate some parts of brain activities and effect in better function. The aim of this study was examination of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, the native Iranian probiotic isolated from Tarkhineh dough (a carbonated yoghurt drink) product on the rat passive avoidance. We used 56 male Wistar rats with 250-300 gr weight range. For induced amnesia intra peritoneal pre-training injection ethanol and for one mount administrated with1×10 9 CFU/ml of with or without probiotic bacteria. We used the step-through passive avoidance to examine long-term memory in male Wistar rats. Post-training subcortical (SC) administration of ethanol (1 mg/kg) induced amnesia. This amnesia was reversed in probiotic receiving groups. L. rhamnosus isolated from Tarkhineh dough, enhanced the passive avoidance learning of male Wistar rats that received ethanol. Our data demonstrated the positive effect of this probiotic on learning and memory. Manuscript profile

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219 - Effect of Bacillus coagulants and Lactobacillus casei Probiotics on Liver Damage Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride and on Liver Enzymes Activity in Male Rats
N. Fathi Z. Keshtmand

Chemical pesticides cause liver dysfunction. The study was aimed at investigating the effects of Bacillus coagulants and Lactobacillus casei probiotics on liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl4) in male rats. In this experimental study, 40 adult male Wistar r More

Chemical pesticides cause liver dysfunction. The study was aimed at investigating the effects of Bacillus coagulants and Lactobacillus casei probiotics on liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl4) in male rats. In this experimental study, 40 adult male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: control group (normal saline, 0.5 ml/day), sham group (Olive oil, 0.5 ml/day), placebo group (CCl4 in the ratio of 1:1 with Olive oil, 2ml/kg body weight, single dose), and treatment groups (CCl4 and Lactobacillus casei or Bacillus coagulans probiotics(. Liver damage was induced by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 and probiotic treatment with a dose of 109 CFU for 35 days as gavage. One day after the last gavage, the levels of liver enzymes were measured and the histology of the liver tissue was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The obtained data was analyzed using one way ANOVA, Tukey test and p4 was significantly higher than that of the control and the sham groups (p<0.05). However, they showed a significant reduction in the treatment groups compared to the group receiving CCl4 (p<0.001). Liver tissue damage was also observed in the group receiving CCl4 compared to the control and the sham groups (p<0.001). The recovery in the liver tissue was observed in the group treated with probiotics compared to the group receiving CCl4 (p<0.05). Bacillus coagulans and Lactobacillus casei probiotics might reduce the destructive effects of CCl4 on the liver tissue through stimulating the secretion of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds. Manuscript profile

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220 - The Effect of Recombinant Killer Factor (LF) and Protective Factor (mPA) Proteins on Human Cancer Cells
Mahboubeh Gholami Majid Moghbeli Farshid Kafilzadeh Mohammad Kargar Maryam Bikhof Torbati

10.22034/ascij.2021.687848

Cancer causes about 13% of human deaths and has not yet been properly treated. Conventional cancer treatment methods such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy have many side effects and in some cases have no effect on cancer treatment, so creating appropriate and More

Cancer causes about 13% of human deaths and has not yet been properly treated. Conventional cancer treatment methods such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy have many side effects and in some cases have no effect on cancer treatment, so creating appropriate and targeted therapies can revolutionize cancer treatment. New methods include gene therapy and using immunotoxins, which can act up to a high percentage. This study aimed to investigate the effect of modified PA protein that binds only to cancer cells along with lethal factor (LF) on cancer cells. In this regard, recombinant mPA and LF proteins were isolated from recombinant Bacillus subtilis and after examining the presence of protein bands and their concentrations using SDS-PAGE and Bradford methods, respectively, the combined effect of different concentrations of these proteins on lung cancer cells, Breast, prostate and pancreas were examined by MTT method. The results showed that 75 ng of recombinant LF protein and 50 ng of recombinant mPA protein had the greatest effect on cancer cell death and caused the death of more than 98% of the studied cancer cells. With these results, it is hoped that a new dimension can be added to cancer treatment by producing targeted toxins such as mPA and LF. Manuscript profile

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221 - Tomato Plant Response to Induction of Resistance to R. solani Using Gamma irradiated Bacterial Biocontrol mutants
fateme saedi dizajyekan peyman foroozesh samira shahbazi

The aim of this study was to evaluate the tomato plant induced resistance to Rhizoctonia solani using bio-control bacteria of Bacillus subtilis. Three bacterial isolates including B1 (un-irradiated B. subtilis), B600 and B419 (gamma-irradiated B. subtilis mutants) were More

The aim of this study was to evaluate the tomato plant induced resistance to Rhizoctonia solani using bio-control bacteria of Bacillus subtilis. Three bacterial isolates including B1 (un-irradiated B. subtilis), B600 and B419 (gamma-irradiated B. subtilis mutants) were used in this study. Results showed the highest activity of polyphenol oxidase enzyme in plant infected with pathogen. This increase in polyphenol oxidase activity was due to the response of the plant to the pathogen, which led to an increase in the activity of the enzyme, indicating an increase in oxidation in the plant. All treatments except B1 + Pathogen showed lower levels of peroxidase enzyme activity than the pathogen infected plant. All the plants treated with bio-control bacterial showed a significant increase in chlorophyll a compared to control. In plants treated with bio-control agents, the highest level of chlorophyll b in B600 + Pathogen and B1 + Pathogen were measured. The highest Disease Incidence percentage (DI%) was observed in plant pathogen (negative control) and the lowest DI was observed in plants treated with B419 + Pathogen. In plants treated with bio-control agent, the highest amount of chlorophyll b was calculated in B1 + Pathogen and B600 + Pathogen treatments. The highest percentage of Disease Incidence percentage (DI%) was observed in the pathogen-infected plant and the lowest in the B419 + Pathogen treatment. The treatment with bio-control agent increased tomato yield and even the highest yield was recorded in the B419 + Pathogen treatment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

222 - The effect of microencapsulation on Lactobacillus casei and Bifdobacterium bifdum survival under simulated gastro-intestinal condition
M.A Khosravi Zanjani N. Mohammadi کسری Behrooz Nasab A.A Solati

Microencapsulation as one of the most modern methods has remarkable effects on probiotic survival. The objectiveof this study is to evaluate the survival of free and microencapsulated probiotic bacteria in simulated human gastrointestinal condition.Lactobacillus casei ( More

Microencapsulation as one of the most modern methods has remarkable effects on probiotic survival. The objectiveof this study is to evaluate the survival of free and microencapsulated probiotic bacteria in simulated human gastrointestinal condition.Lactobacillus casei (PTCC 1608) and Bifdobacterium bifdum (PTCC1644) were encapsulated with calciumalginate, resistant maize starch and inulin via emulsion technique and incubated in simulated gastric juice )pepsinincluded, pH= 1/5) and simulated intestinal juice )pancreatin and bile salts included, pH= 8) for 2 hours at 37 oC.The morphology and size of microcapsules were measured by SEM technique and optical microscopy. The resultsshowed that the survival of microencapsulated probiotic was increased signifcantly in simulated gastro-intestinalcondition (P<0.05). Resistant maize starch was played a signifcant role in the protection of probiotic bacteriain simulated gastro-intestinal condition and did not affect the size of microcapsules. In the emulsion techniquecapsules are formed in micron range size and the shape of microcapsules was generally spherical.In general, this study indicated that microencapsulation enhanced the survival rate of probiotic bacteria signifcantlyin the simulated human gastro-intestinal condition. Manuscript profile

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223 - Investigation of bacterial abundance of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus faecalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum in paraffin tissue samples of intestinal adenomatous polyps.
Mohamadreza Esrafili Reza Shapouri حبیب ضیغمی Fakhri Haghi

Background & Aim: Microbiota is a collection of microorganisms that live in the oral cavity, respiratory system and intestine of multicellular organisms. Microbiota exerts numerous physiological and pathological effects on the host in which it lives. Increasing attentio More

Background & Aim: Microbiota is a collection of microorganisms that live in the oral cavity, respiratory system and intestine of multicellular organisms. Microbiota exerts numerous physiological and pathological effects on the host in which it lives. Increasing attention has been directed to the interaction of host and microbiota. Adenomatous polyps are one of the common symptoms of colon cancer, the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Our study tries to show the relationship between Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus faecalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum in the intestinal paraffin tissue samples of adenomatous polyp patients and healthy individuals. Materials & methods: In this study, in order to investigate the mentioned bacteria in a total of 100 samples of intestinal paraffin tissue from adenomatous polyp patients (50 people) and healthy controls (50 people) for the presence, copy number and relative quantity of the above bacterial species using Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), compared to the reference gene, were investigated. Results: In the studied samples, the presence and number of copies of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria in adenomatous polyp samples was significantly higher than the other three groups. There was no significant difference in the abundance and presence of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Lactobacillus species between the two groups. Also, a decrease in the average number of gaps and the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium species in adenomatous polyps compared to the control group was obtained. Conclusion: Our study showed a higher number of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria and a decrease in the number of Bifidobacterium species in the samples of intestinal paraffin tissue of patients with adenomatous polyps compared to the control group. However, any association between gut microbiome dysbiosis and adenomatous polyps remains unknown. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

224 - Effects of Rice Hulls and Acidifier Supplementation on Growth Performance and Gut Physiology in Broiler Chickens
S. Banibugari M. Sedghi R. Mirshekar A.H. Mahdavi A. Azarfar

The experiment was conducted to study how adding rice hulls and an acidifier to the diet affected perform-ance, histomorphology, and microbial colonization in the gastrointestinal system of broiler chickens. A completely randomized design was used to test eight treatmen More

The experiment was conducted to study how adding rice hulls and an acidifier to the diet affected perform-ance, histomorphology, and microbial colonization in the gastrointestinal system of broiler chickens. A completely randomized design was used to test eight treatments and five replications of 1000 day-old-male Arbor Acres broiler chickens (45±1 g). Dietary treatments included control (no additives 1-42 days), acidi-fier (control+0.1% acidifier from 1-42 days), RH10 (3% rice hull from 1-10 days and control diet from 11-42 days), RH10 + acidifier (3% rice hulls from 1-10 days and control diet+0.1% acidifier from 11-42 days), RH24 (3% rice hulls from 1-24 days and control diet from 25-42 days), RH24 + acidifier (3% rice hulls from 1-24 days and control diet+0.1% acidifier from 25-42 days), RH42 (3% rice hulls from 1-42 days) and RH42 + acidifier (3% of the rice hulls+0.1% acidifier from 1-42 days). Feed conversion ratio significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the RH24 + acidifier group compared with RH10 and control groups after 24 and 42 days. The RH42 + acidifierbirds had lower mortality than RH24+acidifier birds (P<0.05). Also, at 42 days of age, feeding RH42 + acidifier diet increased villus height/crypt depth (P<0.01). Acidifiers increased the Lactobacillus population in the small intestine of broiler chickens. The lowest gizzard pH was observed in birds fed 3% rice hulls from 0 to 42 days of age (P<0.05). In general, the addition of 30 kg/ton of rice hulls to the broiler feed, from 0 to 42 days of age, caused the highest possible weight gain and the lowest mortal-ity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

225 - An investigation on effectiveness of some chemical and biological insecticides on Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. (Lep.: Plutellidae)
Rasoul Marzban Vali Allah Baniameri

Diamondback  moth,  Piute/la xylostella  L. is  a  major pest of Cruciferous  crops worldwide.   It  out broke in cabbage   fields  of Tehran province   in  1999 and   caused c More

Diamondback  moth,  Piute/la xylostella  L. is  a  major pest of Cruciferous  crops worldwide.   It  out broke in cabbage   fields  of Tehran province   in  1999 and   caused considerable   yield   losses.  Seven treatments  including  Biological   and Chemical   pesticides   were used in   the field  test.  These   treatments were as follow:  Consult  (EC I 0%) 0.4 kg/h & 0.5 kg/h, Carbaryle  (Wet able  powder  85%) 2.5  kg/h,  BtH (Iranian   product  as powder) I   kg/h & 2 kg/h, Dipel~  (Wet  able powder) 3  kg/h and  the control  in two factors  randomized  complete  block design  with split plot  combined  over times  in  four replicates.  The results  revealed  that  Consult  0.4  kg/h, Consult  0.5 kg/h, Carbarylc  2.5 kg/h and  Oipct®  3  kg/h  caused 79.09, 70.06,  70.01   and  65.77 percent larvae  mortality   respectively   and  were placed in  one  class  of Duncan's Multiple  Range Test. Btll  I   and 2 kg/h  had  less  effect on  this pest,  and was placed  in  another class.  Dipel  was also  more effective than  BtI-1  on Diamondback   moth larvae  in laboratory  bioassays.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

226 - The possible modification of absorbable phosphorus solubles in calcareus soils and it’s effects on yield production in corn
Hamid Reza Doroudian hosein besharati alireza falahnosratabad hosein Heidari Sharif Abad farokh Darvish asefeh Alahverdi

Alkalinity of soils in many cultivated areas of corn in Iran prevents the accessability of nutrients, particularly phosphore (P), by the plant. Application of solphur (S) and its subsequent oxidation which is usually accompayning with a reduction of soil PH will e More

Alkalinity of soils in many cultivated areas of corn in Iran prevents the accessability of nutrients, particularly phosphore (P), by the plant. Application of solphur (S) and its subsequent oxidation which is usually accompayning with a reduction of soil PH will enhance the absorbability of P and most micronutrient solubles in the soil. Today, low price of phosphorus sources such as apatite and composts can be taken into consideration as phosphorus fertilizers for plant nutrients in agriculture. These sources could promote absorbable phosphors in the alkaline soils and later on taken by the plant. However, we studied effects of changing PH and increasing phosphorus solubles in the soil on yield production of a corn single cross 301. The experiment was a factorial based on a  randomized complete block design with three replications and carried out at the Research Station of Soil and Water Research Institute, Karaj, Iran, in 2005. The experiment consisted of four factors, each at two levels such as: urban compost (0 and 10 t/ha), Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSB) as check and bacteria, apatite (0 and 1 t/ha) and phosphor (P) inoculated with oxidative Thiobacillus bacteria (0 and 4 t/ha).. The results showed that the highest yield (9600 kg/ha) was obtaind for the application of compost and Bacillus megaterium treatment. For the factors in which only apatites was used, yielded the lowest value (6937 kg/ha) as compared to the check (7700 kg/ha). Indeed, interaction effects of compost and Bacillus megaterium was significant (P <0.05) for yield. Application of apatite in alkality soils not only did not increase phosphorus solubles, but had a negative effect on the soil characteristics and plant growth. It is suggested that application of compost and Bacillus megaterium promote the accessability of plant to nutrients like phosphor and consequently will increase yield production of corn in the field. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

227 - Isolation of native Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner isolates from the agricultural soils of Iran
Rasoul Marzban Golam Reza Salehi Jogzdani

Isolation and collection of native B. thuringiensis isolates is the base of research on B. thuringiensis. During a 3-year study (1999-2001) 2234 soil samples were collected from 28 provinces of Iran. Bacteria More

Isolation and collection of native B. thuringiensis isolates is the base of research on B. thuringiensis. During a 3-year study (1999-2001) 2234 soil samples were collected from 28 provinces of Iran. Bacteria were isolated according modified method of Anwar Hossain et al. Most isolates were isolated from cotton, oil seed, sugar beat and rice field soil. Gilan and Ardabil provinces had been most isolates respectively. A total of 128 crystal- forming isolates were successfully obtained from 28,445 bacterial spore-forming colonies examined. Toxicity tests on Helicoverpa armigera (Lep: Noctoeidea) and Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Col.: Cherisomeliidea) revealed that over %58 of all isolates were toxic.   Manuscript profile

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