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Open Access Article
1 - Futuristic model to improve the capabilities of technology transfer in automotive safety systems
AMIR REZA NAKHAEI Soleyman Iranzadeh mehrdad Hosseini ShakibBackground: Car safety systems, as one of the most important parts of the automotive industry, to improve quality and prepare for the future, require the identification of modern technologies and appropriate methods of their transmission.Objective: The aim of this study MoreBackground: Car safety systems, as one of the most important parts of the automotive industry, to improve quality and prepare for the future, require the identification of modern technologies and appropriate methods of their transmission.Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the components of improving the transmission capabilities of technology in automotive safety systems and to analyze the relationships between them with a forward-looking approach.Methods: This study is applied and descriptive survey study and based on mathematical modeling with fuzzy inference system. Using previous literature and research studies and interviews with 11 experts from automotive safety systems companies, indicators are identified and categorized. And to analyze the relationships between the factors, the fuzzy inference approach with Matlab software are used.Results: 20 indicators are identified and categorized into 4 components. The localization and deployment component of technology with the first rank and 34.38% weight criterion is the most important variable and the identification and selection of technology with 19.66 weight criterion is in the last rank.Conclusion: senior executives and automakers should pay special attention to the indicators of the capability of localize and deploy technology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Identifying the impact of fit and future growth stages of the team with the level of technology on the success of knowledge-based and technology-based companies in Iran
kamal sakhdariEntrepreneurship in the field of knowledge has many problems due to rapid changes and environmental uncertainty; But these companies are the drivers and without their effective presence, significant successes in knowledge, economy and employment can not be achieved. The MoreEntrepreneurship in the field of knowledge has many problems due to rapid changes and environmental uncertainty; But these companies are the drivers and without their effective presence, significant successes in knowledge, economy and employment can not be achieved. The composition and characteristics of the team and its relevance to the stage of work in which they are and expect to reach in the future, are among the most important components of the success of these companies. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact and appropriateness of characteristics and team composition on the future success and growth of knowledge-based and technology companies in different stages of business. Findings of this research are of applied type; In terms of data collection, it was the quality-data of the foundation, the data of which were collected and analyzed from semi-structured and in-depth interviews with 21 entrepreneurs in this field in Khorasan Razavi province. The results show that the composition and characteristics of the team and its relevance to the stage of work in which they are, are among the most important components of the success of these companies, so identifying team characteristics and the impact of team dynamics and using a dual power mechanism on The success of start-ups and technology companies is crucial. In this regard, the results showed that the more complex the idea and product of companies, the more diverse members are needed, the more cohesion and the fewer changes in the team; Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - '
A. Geranmayehpour E. Ansari -
Open Access Article
4 - تحلیل برنامه های شبکه ماهواره ای ام.بی.سی فارسی به منظور دستیابی به فرهنگ و تکنیک های ارتباطی بکار گرفته شده در انتقال پیام
محمد سلطانی فر نازنین ملکیان -
Open Access Article
5 - Evaluating Necessity of Urban Planning Undergraduate Education in Iran
Hossein Bahrainy Elham Fallah ManshadiWhile there are crucial debates about urban planning education - whether to have both undergraduate and graduate levels, or only graduate level education, 70 percent of urban planning students in Iran studied in undergraduate level. There are different ideas in this iss MoreWhile there are crucial debates about urban planning education - whether to have both undergraduate and graduate levels, or only graduate level education, 70 percent of urban planning students in Iran studied in undergraduate level. There are different ideas in this issue. Some believe that urban planning education should be presented just at the graduate level. Some, on the other hand, while accept the interrelationship of urban planning decision-making on other disciplines, but emphasize on the abilities of the planner with undergraduate education and also the possibility of getting into urban planning field at the age of 18-19. Some experts focus on the importance of urban planning at the undergraduate level since 1991 and believe that undergraduate education of urban planning become so important because of financial problems. Main question in this paper is: “could there be and any justification for the undergraduate education in urban planning in Iran, or not”? Questioners and interview methods were used to collect the required information. A total of 187 questionnaires were filled by planning directors and instructors, lectures and graduates of eleven universities throughout the country. In addition 12 depth interview has been done by famous planners in Iran. We asked them about the necessity of undergraduate level of urban planning and role of this level graduates in society. The study results show 87.2 percent of respondents think that undergraduate education is necessary in urban planning in Iran. The result of the interviews also shows the same idea. They noted to some reasons like independent identity for urban planning, society need, expanding urban challenges and lack of professional people and experts, infusion of holistic view from 18 years old, good effects of graduates, short time for familiarity with urban issues in gradate level (2 year), introduction for choosing future branch, preparing urban experts of governance and other organizations. People who were against undergraduate level stated some reasons like interdisciplinary identity of urban planning, unmeaning less subjects and contents, overlapping between undergraduate and graduate lessons. Based on this research undergraduate level is necessary for urban planning in Iran because of professional and academic reasons. It is expected that urban planners with Bachelor degree more deal with urban topics with smaller scale and less complexity (such as the comprehensive plan of rural and small towns) and participation in gathering data and describing the status quo in the urban development plan for different scale. The key point is revising in educational content in graduate level and focusing on make it more proficiency and analytical. The remarkable thing is increasing in the number of undergraduate students in urban planning especially in some kind of universities like Azad, Payamenoor and nonprofit University. Because of the weakness of the ratio of the number of students to lecture in this kind of university, the subject would be a serious problem in urban planning. In addition, this increasing is not based on the market demand and it could lead to a lot of problems for graduates of Bachelor's in urban development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The Role of Mediated Experience on the knowledge of the Contemporary Architecture Students of Iran
Parisa AlimohammadiThis article aims to undestanding of Mediated Experience and effect of that on the contemporary architecture students of Iran according to a case study on students of Tehran university and Azad university ( in Tehran) in 2006-2007. With the strong presence of media in MoreThis article aims to undestanding of Mediated Experience and effect of that on the contemporary architecture students of Iran according to a case study on students of Tehran university and Azad university ( in Tehran) in 2006-2007. With the strong presence of media in contemporary life that change the meaning of time and space, people in different fields, because of fast speed, ubiquities, low cost and attraction, obtain major part of their knowledge and experience from medias in scale of the world . Also in Iranian architecture field,with medias, we are faced to a global view which has challenges in itself about tradition and modernity. Generaly this research seeks to know the role of media in learning of architecture students ,that can be seen : major part of the architectural knowledge of student ( in both university) obtain from the media. this knowledge is not deep enough due to lack of enough knowledge to the process of creation, philosophical bases and related cultural and social issues .but medias with high capacity can have a big role in the academic system of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Recognition and Evaluation of the Transformational Factors of the Spirit of Iranian Traditional Architecture: Originality of the Past, Novelty of Today
Maziar Asefi Elnaz Imani -
Open Access Article
8 - A Computational Method for Fuzzy Arithmetic Operations on Bipolar Fuzzy Numbers and Its Application
Fazlollah Abbasi sahleh shakeriA bipolar fuzzy set is a powerful tool for depicting fuzziness and uncertainty. This model is more flexible and practical as compared to the fuzzy model. We define certain notions, including a bipolar fuzzy number and bipolar fuzzy arithmetic. In this paper we propose t MoreA bipolar fuzzy set is a powerful tool for depicting fuzziness and uncertainty. This model is more flexible and practical as compared to the fuzzy model. We define certain notions, including a bipolar fuzzy number and bipolar fuzzy arithmetic. In this paper we propose the new fuzzy arithmetic operations based on on bipolar fuzzy numbers from [1,2]. We define 2- dipole fuzzy numbers and cutting them. The properties of these propose operations and their fundamental qualities are discussed in detail. Several illustrative examples were given to show the accomplishment and ability of the proposed method. At the end it is shown that the solution of the proposed method in comparison to other methods of solving fuzzy equations are more realistic, that is, they have smaller support. Further, we analyze our new approach to find the solutions of a bipolar fuzzy linear equations. In this paper, in addition to familiarity with bipolar fuzzy number operations based on transmission- average and presenting practical solutions for calculations in specific cases, this problem is identified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - A new method for ranking of Z-numbers
M. Matinfar S. ezadiIn this paper we propose a new method for ranking Z- numbers and generalizations. This method is based on the internal structure of the artificial neural network, which suggests that the structure of this network consists of inputs weights and the transfer function line MoreIn this paper we propose a new method for ranking Z- numbers and generalizations. This method is based on the internal structure of the artificial neural network, which suggests that the structure of this network consists of inputs weights and the transfer function linear, nonlinear and sometimes linear and nonlinear. It is shown that the proposed method while possessing the ranking properties for Z -numbers whose components of the limiting part are equal and their confidence interval having the same center of gravity has a more logical ranking than those using the center of gravity. While some of the available methods for Z numbers whose boundaries are equal but not equal to their reliability but have the same focal gravity they rank equally which can not be logical in all cases. Therefore, the proposed method overcomes this problem. In some examples the correctness of the subject is shown. the results are compared with some existing methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The new implicit finite difference scheme for two-sided space-time fractional partial differential equation
Hamid Reza Khodabandehlo Elyas Shivanian Shaaban MostafaeeFractional order partial differential equations are generalizations of classical partial differential equations. Increasingly, these models are used in applications such as fluid flow, finance and others. In this paper we examine some practical numerical methods to solv MoreFractional order partial differential equations are generalizations of classical partial differential equations. Increasingly, these models are used in applications such as fluid flow, finance and others. In this paper we examine some practical numerical methods to solve a class of initial- boundary value fractional partial differential equations with variable coefficients on a finite domain. Stability, consistency, and (therefore) convergence of the method are examined. It is shown that the fractional method based on the shifted Grunwald formula is unconditionally stable. This study concerns both theoretical and numerical aspects, where we deal with the construction and convergence analysis of the discretization schemes. A numerical example is presented and compared with exact solution for its order of convergence./////////Fractional order partial differential equations are generalizations of classical partial differential equations. Increasingly, these models are used in applications such as fluid flow, finance and others. In this paper we examine some practical numerical methods to solve a class of initial- boundary value fractional partial differential equations with variable coefficients on a finite domain. Stability, consistency, and (therefore) convergence of the method are examined. It is shown that the fractional method based on the shifted Grunwald formula is unconditionally stable. This study concerns both theoretical and numerical aspects, where we deal with the construction and convergence analysis of the discretization schemes. A numerical example is presented and compared with exact solution for its order of convergence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Patterns of Technology Transfer in Contracts
Ali Zare Mohammad Reza MokhtariToday, technology and access to it, one of necessities and basic indicators ofeconomic development is and this is why it is one of the major topics tradeInternational trade has become. The successful transfer of technologyrequires an understanding of industry goals, res MoreToday, technology and access to it, one of necessities and basic indicators ofeconomic development is and this is why it is one of the major topics tradeInternational trade has become. The successful transfer of technologyrequires an understanding of industry goals, resources, technology,innovation and the transmission, transfer methods, factors affecting, how torecruit and how to develop it. Technology transfer agreements due to thescope and complexity of the topic and the different conditions in suchcontracts is expected, are special features. Technology transfer is necessaryfor the conventional patterns different methods of technology transfercontracts were identified and evaluated. Technology transfer agreements,contracts and diverse, including licensing, buyback contracts, contracts andpartnership agreements covers. The contract is a framework, each contractorpatterns with regard to the characteristics and specific circumstances of theparties, may have advantages over other models. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - بررسی ماهیت حقوق انتقال اعتبار اسنادی
محمد رضا سهامی مسعودرضا رنجبر حکمت اله عسکری رضا زارعی -
Open Access Article
13 - Mazandaran Sea in the Arena of the World Policy, Juridical Regime, National Interest, and General Security
Mir Tayyeb i Mousav“The Caspian Sea”, as it is called “Darya-ye Khazar” (meaning “Khazar sea”) or “ DaryayeMazandaran” (“Mazandaran Sea”) in Iran, and “Bahr Al-Qazvin” which means “QazvinSea” on Arab maps, More“The Caspian Sea”, as it is called “Darya-ye Khazar” (meaning “Khazar sea”) or “ DaryayeMazandaran” (“Mazandaran Sea”) in Iran, and “Bahr Al-Qazvin” which means “QazvinSea” on Arab maps, is the largest inland body of water in the world. However, either “KhazarSea” or “Mazandaran Sea”, is a questionable matter which needs to be explicated. Asecond issue raised is that according to the rules principles of the International Law, is itclassed as a lake or a full-fledged sea? How has it been exploited in the time before andafter the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1917 and why after in the time before and afterthe dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1917 and why after the collapse of the former USSR,the geo-politic status of the region calls the attention of the World Policy? How importantare natural resources of sea food, quality of shipping cargos and seaports conditions to thecoastal communities? Moreover, the quantity of oil and gas resources under the sea bed,underwater spots rich in natural resources and efficient allocation of fossil fuel among thecountries bounded the sea are the world’s important issues together with Juridical Regime,Methods of shipping resources to the port and international markets are important strategicelements for the countries enclosed the sea as well as regional effective and the world’ssuperpowers. However, the debates have been encompassing a vast range of subjects inthe past two decades include the strategies of Iran, Russia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan andTurkmenistan about allocation of sea bed resources and juridical regime and the role ofthe federation of Russia and Turkey and the strategy of European Union and the U.S.A inplanning the pipe routes, piping and transferring oil and gas convoys. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Survey on the Fisibility of Substitution Catastrophe Securitization and Current Reinsurance in Iranian Insurance Industry
Kambiz Peykarjou hanieh davodiAfter 2004, Alternative Risk Transfer (ART) has been more popular in the Litriture of Financial Economics & Financial Management. For using ART, many Researches Pursue Resolution, which Minimize Claims of this Catastrophe, through Risk Distribution Cycle, or if any MoreAfter 2004, Alternative Risk Transfer (ART) has been more popular in the Litriture of Financial Economics & Financial Management. For using ART, many Researches Pursue Resolution, which Minimize Claims of this Catastrophe, through Risk Distribution Cycle, or if any Profitability, find Subsititutions of ART; such as Insurance. However, we study about this, by Estimating Nnon-linear relation between Claims of Catastrophe and Insured Risk Capitals(IRC), Accounting Loss Distribution Function(LDF), given Historical Data(HD) & using Monte Carlo Simulation(MCS) and then, Stimating Value at Risk(VaR) of Conditional Loss Distribution Function of Catastroph(CLDFC), which has almost Optimal Profitability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Long-Term Memory and level shifts: Application of the modified GPH test in Tehran Stock Exchange
mansoor kashi Mohammad Donyaei Roholah AhmadiAlways one of the concerns of researchers in the study of time series, the long-termmemory and whether the observed long memory series is affected by level shifts or not?To avoid spurious long memory that may be caused by levels shifts, different methodshave been tested MoreAlways one of the concerns of researchers in the study of time series, the long-termmemory and whether the observed long memory series is affected by level shifts or not?To avoid spurious long memory that may be caused by levels shifts, different methodshave been tested. In the present article, we will review it for return and volatility (Are twoapproaches: First approach: GARCH and ARMA-GARCH-filtered series. Secondapproach: GARCH-filtered-squared series and squared returns) based on modified GPHof smith (2005). The results indicate that long memory in return series TEPIX is acceptedby the GPH but modified GPH test (Bandwidth choice for classic GPH and modifiedGPH are based on Plug-in and1/ 2 J T ) leads to the rejection of the existence of longmemory. Then, using the first approach, the presence of long memory is demonstrated bythe GPH. But modified GPH denies its existence, which reflects the impact of level shiftsto long-term memory. The second approach about how to volatility infer the existence oflong memory is demonstrated by both tests. It followed that the predictability of themarket as possible and Weak form efficiency would violate the Tehran Stock Exchange Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Hypothesis testing of Heterogeneous agents using STAR model with multivariate transition function: A case study of Tehran Stock market
Hassan Heidari Parisa Johari Salmasi Saeid Rasekhi Hamidreza FaaljooIn this study, in order to investigate the hypothesis of Heterogeneous agents in the Tehran Stock market and for examine empirically the importance of fundamental analysts and technical analysts in Tehran Stock market and the effects of macroeconomic variables on the sh MoreIn this study, in order to investigate the hypothesis of Heterogeneous agents in the Tehran Stock market and for examine empirically the importance of fundamental analysts and technical analysts in Tehran Stock market and the effects of macroeconomic variables on the share of the decision-makers in the stock market, we have used Tehran Stock Exchange data and Iran's macroeconomic time series data to estimate the STAR model with multivariate transition function over the seasonally period 1376 to 1393. The results of the model indicate that the share of market fundamentalist analysts when high risk and high volatility in stock price indices in the market there is more than technical analysts. Economic growth also took a larger share of the market analysts use technical analysis agents Therefore market prices diverge from their fundamental value. Also during that industrial production in the economy increases fundamentalist analysts are dominant in the stock market and Prices gradually converge towards the base price Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Relationship between real effective exchange rate and trade balance, considering savings rate: Smooth Transition Regression (STR) Approach
M. Mahdi Barghi Oskooei Alireza Kazerooni Behzad Salmani Saber KhodaverdizadehAmong the important policy objectives and economic programs, the implementation of policies for reducing the trade deficit. Empirical studies provided conflicting results regarding the effect of devaluations on the trade balance reached. This study aimed to investigate MoreAmong the important policy objectives and economic programs, the implementation of policies for reducing the trade deficit. Empirical studies provided conflicting results regarding the effect of devaluations on the trade balance reached. This study aimed to investigate the nonlinear relationship between the real effective exchange rate and trade balance, considering the savings rate using a smooth transition regression approach during period 1960-2014. The results of smooth transition regression (STR) model estimation, confirmed that the savings rate had non-linear effect on the trade balance. Our estimation results showed that effectiveness of savings rate, the real effective exchange rate and terms of trade on trade balance depended to the regimes which Iranian economy was in there. Also we fund that generally in first regime savings rate and the effective real exchange rate had statically meaningful and positive effect on the trade balance and the terms of trade had a statically meaningful and negative effect on the trade balance. While crossing the threshold and entering into the second regime savings rate and terms of trade coefficients had statically meaningful and positive effect, but the real effective exchange rate had a statically meaningful and negative impact on the trade balance Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - نحوه اثرگذاری مهمترین متغیرهای مؤثر بر ساز و کار انتقال سیاست پولی در اقتصاد ایران با رویکرد الگوهای خودرگرسیون برداری تعمیم یافته پارامتر متغیر زمان
مجید رحیمی کامران ندری مهدی یزدانی -
Open Access Article
19 - بررسی عوامل موثر بر فرارمالیاتی در شرکتهای سختمالیاتده با استفاده از روش اثرگذاری غیرخطی
هدی صیام نارسیس امین رشتی آزاده محرابیان رویا سیفی پور -
Open Access Article
20 - بررسی اثرات کیفیت نهادی، حقوق مالکیت و سرمایه انسانی بر رشد اقتصادی (مطالعه موردی کشورهایD8,G7)
اصغر مبارک کامبیز هژبر کیانی عباس معمارنژاد کامبیز پیکارجو -
Open Access Article
21 - بررسی رابطه تورم- بیکاری ، رشد- بیکاری و تورم-رشد در اقتصاد ایران: رهیافت مدلهایSTR
احمد صلاح منش سید عزیزالله آرمن صدیقه بختیاری -
Open Access Article
22 - تاثیر توسعه بیمه بر رشد اقتصادی در کشورهای منتخب (با تاکید بر نقش نهادهای محیطی)
شیوا اسدزاده محمد نقیبی -
Open Access Article
23 - A study on export structure of manufacturing industries Using Shift-Share Analysis technique
صالح قویدل سیامک علمی حسین رزاقیThis paper aims to evaluate the comparative advantage of manufacturing industries at 2 digit- level of International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), using Shift-Share Analysis model. Towards this end, relevant data on Iran and world export was compiled for th MoreThis paper aims to evaluate the comparative advantage of manufacturing industries at 2 digit- level of International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), using Shift-Share Analysis model. Towards this end, relevant data on Iran and world export was compiled for the period 1381 - 1385[1]. The specificity of this model is that it delineates and breaks down the changes in the structure of export into three parts viz. world share, structural shift, and competitive shift. As such, one can classify the manufacturing industries into four groups namely: 1- Economic winners that include isic- 24, isic- 23, isic- 27, isic- 29 and isic-32. . 2- Mixed winners that include isic- 15, isic-16, isic-19, isic-20, isic-21, isic-22, isic-25, isic -26, isic -30, isic 34, isic-35, isic 35, and isic 36. 3- Mixed losers that include isic- 28, isic-31, and isic-33. 4- Economic losers that include isic-17 and isic-18 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Estimation the Income Elasticity of Per Capita Health Care Expenditure in D8 Countries: PSTR and MG Approaches
Ali Rezazadeh moohamad Kalamie Saber Khodaverdizadeh Mostafa ShokriIntroduction: Economic welfare is highly dependent on the health expenditure share of national output. In this regard, the purpose of this paper was to investigate the relationship between health expenditure and economic welfare in D8 countries and assessment of commodi MoreIntroduction: Economic welfare is highly dependent on the health expenditure share of national output. In this regard, the purpose of this paper was to investigate the relationship between health expenditure and economic welfare in D8 countries and assessment of commodity group of health expenditure in this countries. Methods: In order to investigate the relationship between health expenditure and economic welfare in D8 countries during 1995-2014, Panel smooth transition regression method was used. Also to verify the long- run relationship between variables and for selection kind of commodity group Panel mean of group method was used. Results: Moreover, considering one transition function and one threshold parameter, as a two regime model, is sufficient to specification of nonlinear relationship between variables. The results indicate that threshold value is 7.21 and the estimated slope parameter is 17.56. Conclusion: GDP per capita in the first (The linear part) and second regimes (The sum of the linear and nonlinear parts) has positive impact on health expenditure per capita in D8 countries. The public health costs of population 0-14 and 65-years and older group has negative effects in first regime, and after crossing a threshold and enter the second regime, has positive effects on health expenditure per capita in D8 countries. Finally the results of the PMG approach suggests that the income elasticity of health goods in D8 countries is less than the unit and it is not considered a luxury commodity. Introduction: Economic welfare is highly dependent on the health expenditure share of national output. In this regard, the purpose of this paper was to investigate the relationship between health expenditure and economic welfare in D8 countries and assessment of commodity group of health expenditure in this countries.Methods: In order to investigate the relationship between health expenditure and economic welfare in D8 countries during 1995-2014, Panel smooth transition regression method was used. Also to verify the long- run relationship between variables and for selection kind of commodity group Panel mean of group method was used.Results: Moreover, considering one transition function and one threshold parameter, as a two regime model, is sufficient to specification of nonlinear relationship between variables. The results indicate that threshold value is 7.21 and the estimated slope parameter is 17.56.Conclusion: GDP per capita in the first (The linear part) and second regimes (The sum of the linear and nonlinear parts) has positive impact on health expenditure per capita in D8 countries. The public health costs of population 0-14 and 65-years and older group has negative effects in first regime, and after crossing a threshold and enter the second regime, has positive effects on health expenditure per capita in D8 countries. Finally the results of the PMG approach suggests that the income elasticity of health goods in D8 countries is less than the unit and it is not considered a luxury commodity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Offering and Testing a Model to Explain the Physician Induced Demand in Iran
Abvalqasem Golkhandan Elaham FatholahiIntroduction: According to the physician induced demand hypothesis, health care demand may be due to asymmetric information in health market, is influenced by the behavior of health suppliers. This study first assumes that the number of physician reduced health expendit MoreIntroduction: According to the physician induced demand hypothesis, health care demand may be due to asymmetric information in health market, is influenced by the behavior of health suppliers. This study first assumes that the number of physician reduced health expenditures, because of the increase the supply of health. But to achieve a specified level of physician, called threshold level, because of the physician induced demand hypothesis, competition between physicians, is leading to an increase in health spending. So, the major aim of this study is to evaluate the U shape hypothesis between the number of physicians and health expenditures in Iran. Methods: This study using time series data for 1971-2013, is investigated the possible non-linear relationship between per capita health expenditure (dependent variable), per capita physician (independent variable) and mortality rate (controlled variable). For this purpose, is used the Logistic Smooth Transition Regression (LSTR) model. Also, the statistical analyzes were performed using the EXCEL, EVIEWS and JMALTI soft wares. Results: The results of the model LSTR, in addition to confirm the nonlinear effects of per capita physician on per capita health expenditure, show that the per capita physician per 10,000 population, influence on the per capita health expenditure in the form of two regime structure with threshold level about of 12.24. So that, in the first regime, per capita physician had a negative impact on per capita health expenditure (disapproval the induced demand hypothesis), but this impact is positive in the second regime (confirm the induced demand hypothesis). So, U-shaped impact hypothesis of per capita physician on per capita health expenditure in Iran, is not rejected. Conclusion: Since at the moment the physician per capita per 10,000 population, is most of the threshold level, the country is located in the second regime. Accordingly, adopt more suitable policies to prevent from the induction of demand by physicians, is necessary. Introduction: This study first assumes that the number of physician reduced health expenditures, because of the increase the supply of health. But to achieve a specified level of physician, called threshold level, because of the physician induced demand hypothesis, competition between physicians, is leading to an increase in health spending. So, The major aim of this study is to evaluate the U shape hypothesis between the number of physicians and health expenditures in Iran.Methods: This study using time series data for 1971-2013, is investigated the possible non-linear relationship between per capita health expenditure (dependent variable), per capita physician (independent variable) and mortality rate (controlled variable). For this purpose, is used the Logistic Smooth Transition Regression (LSTR) model. Also, the statistical analyzes were performed using the EXCEL, EVIEWS and JMALTI soft wares.Results: The results of the model LSTR, in addition to confirm the nonlinear effects of per capita physician on per capita health expenditure, show that the per capita physician per 10,000 population, influence on the per capita health expenditure in the form of two regime structure with threshold level about of 12.24. So that, In the first regime, per capita physician had a negative impact on per capita health expenditure (disapproval the induced demand hypothesis), but this impact is positive in the second regime (confirm the induced demand hypothesis). Conclusion: Since at the moment the physician per capita per 10,000 population, is most of the threshold level, The country is located in the second regime. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Threshold Effect of Managerial Ownership on Firm Value: Again Test by using the PSTR Model
Abolghasem GolkhandanPrevious studies show conflicting results about the effects of managerial ownership on firm value; this inconsistency in results could be due to nonlinear effects of managerial ownership on firm value. Accordingly, this paper investigates the threshold effects of manage MorePrevious studies show conflicting results about the effects of managerial ownership on firm value; this inconsistency in results could be due to nonlinear effects of managerial ownership on firm value. Accordingly, this paper investigates the threshold effects of managerial ownership on the value of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange for the period of 2010 to 2015, using Panel Smooth Transition Regression (PSTR) model as one of the most prominent regime-switching models. The linearity test results indicate strongly nonlinear relationship among variables under consideration. Moreover, considering one transition function and one threshold parameter, as a two regime model, is sufficient to specification of nonlinear relationship among variables. The results indicate that threshold level is 72.58 percent and the estimated slope parameter is 2.64. In the first regime, managerial ownership has a positive effect on firm value (confirmation the hypotheses convergence of interests) that after crossing the threshold level, in the second regime, this impact is negative (hypothesis barricades). Therefore has been confirmed a relationship in the form of an inverted U between managerial ownership and firm value. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Simulating Cd transport in undisturbed soil columns using FADE model
Samira Morsali Hossein Babazadeh Shahram Shahmohammadi Hossein SedghiAccurate expression of the solute transport in porous media is critical for evaluating and remediating pollutants in soils and aquifers. An important aspect of the transport of solutes and pollutants is the use of appropriate models to describe their transport behavior. MoreAccurate expression of the solute transport in porous media is critical for evaluating and remediating pollutants in soils and aquifers. An important aspect of the transport of solutes and pollutants is the use of appropriate models to describe their transport behavior. In this study, the concentration of the heavy metal cadmium in the column of undisturbed loamy soil was measured using the miscible displacement experiment. This experiment was repeated in three initial concentrations (50, 100, and 150 mg/L). Then, Cd metal transport was simulated by fractional advection-dispersion equation (FADE). The breakthrough curves obtained from the simulation of FADE and the results of the experiments were fitted and the effect of C0 on its performance was investigated. The order of fractional differentiation (α), dispersion coefficient (D) and retardation factor (R) in all three initial concentrations were estimated and compared using the inverse modeling. The results showed that the FADE model simulates cadmium transport well with r2=0.98 and RMSE=0.05. The comparison of BTSs fitted by the FADE model and the observed laboratory data also confirms this issue. The order of fractional differentiation (α) obtained by the FADE model for Cd was almost the same and equal to 1.7, which indicated the anomalous and non-Fickian transport of cadmium metal in loamy soil columns. It seems that the lack of effect of C0 on α, which is the main parameter of the FADE model, has caused the performance of FADE to have no special trend with the changes of C0 and can be ignored. The hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient in the transport of Cd was increased by increasing C0 and its process is non-linear and unpredictable and the relationship between R and initial concentration is inverse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Studying the Factors Effective on the Social Adaptability of the Transferred Law Enforcement Forces to the Host Society Abstract
Mohsen Abedi Omid Ali Ahmadi Mohammad Hossein Asadi Davoodabadi Increased adaptability of the transferred law enforcement forces to their new place of service as one ofthe methods in management of human resources is effective both on their job performance and decreasedvulnerability of them and their families. Based on this fac More Increased adaptability of the transferred law enforcement forces to their new place of service as one ofthe methods in management of human resources is effective both on their job performance and decreasedvulnerability of them and their families. Based on this fact, the present research studied the factors effective onthe adaptability of the transferred law enforcement forces to the host society. Survey methods was used in theresearch. Based on disproportionate stratified random sampling, the results were gained by analyzingcomplementary questionnaires administered to a statistical sample of 300 individuals selected from the lawenforcement forces transferred to Hormozgan province. The results showed that 68% of the respondents ratedtheir adaptability to the host society low and only 8.3% rated their adaptability high. The results of theregression test confirmed the presented hypotheses. Based on the multivariate regression analysis, the pureeffect of the variable the degree of similarity and congruence between the host society with the society of originis higher than the independent variables. R2 determining factor estimated by regression model showed thatindependent variables explain totally 41% of the changes. Based on the research results, to increase theadaptability of the staff, family consultation with qualified experts, native employment, and organizationalsupport play key roles. Organizational support may include organizational housing, cooperation with otherinstitutions in providing the staff welfare, completing the psychological profile of the individuals andpsychological training and education of the individuals as they and their families may expect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Geopolitical Impact of Energy Transmission on the National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran
basir asghariAbstractBasically, energy is one of the most influential elements in the economic and political decisions of the actors of the international system, so that they can use this element to overcome the behavior of other actors. which was first used by library resources suc MoreAbstractBasically, energy is one of the most influential elements in the economic and political decisions of the actors of the international system, so that they can use this element to overcome the behavior of other actors. which was first used by library resources such as the book Articles, articles, documents, press and statistics are used to describe the theoretical framework of the research and then to collect field data, a questionnaire has been used. Evaluation, research hypothesis testing and data analysis were done using SPSS software and regression test.The findings of the field studies indicate that the components of the prevention of crude energy and the adoption of the policy of development of refining and petrochemical industries, having the role of the most economical and secure energy transmission passage, providing and ensuring energy security and transmission, control Energy transit in the Strait of Hormuz, investment in the exploitation and transfer of energy, promotion of Iran's geopolitical weight due to access to energy resources and being located at the center of the strategic global energy center contributes more than other geopolitical components of energy transfer to the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Effective Urban Land Management With Systemic Approach to Transfer Of Development Rights (TDR) Based on Globally Enrichments
Najmeh Mozaffaree Pour Samaneh SoltaniBackground and Objective study: Without a comprehensive and holistic approach to defining urban land development and expansion of the city's growth is impossible. It is impossible without the knowledge of the dimensions of urban land. Systematic approach not only helps MoreBackground and Objective study: Without a comprehensive and holistic approach to defining urban land development and expansion of the city's growth is impossible. It is impossible without the knowledge of the dimensions of urban land. Systematic approach not only helps in the analysis of urban land urban land issues, there is a clear and transparent view, but its relationship with other components as well to be determined. The purpose of this study is that in relied on a system approach; the efficiency of transfer development rights (TDR) in the management of urban land is approved. method: Dominant approach to the study "Application" from the analysis of secondary data (documents) with emphasis on system approach has been used. In the research process by providing a framework system approach, the set of data flows generated data and intra- urban land management system that includes land as an input, target, system components, including land use, urban land management, land development, land ownership and land markets, relationships, environments and resources during production and outbound transfer of development rights is explained. Results: The results of the study showed that the evaluation of the success of this method depends on local governments to stand strong supervision and direction landowners welcomed the program and protect the public interest, it is necessary transactions between buyers and sellers in the land market with sweeping control of a public institution be companied. conclusion: the recommendations to successfully and efficiency used in transfer of development rights method are provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - estimation of saturated hydraulic conductivity in some soils of Ilam province using artificial neural networks and regression methods
علی حکمت زاد مسعود داوری محمدعلی محمودی کمال نبی الهیSaturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) is one of the essential input for water flow and solute transport modelling, irrigation and drainage design, groundwater modeling and environmental processes. Direct measurement of Ks is possible, but that is usually time consuming, MoreSaturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) is one of the essential input for water flow and solute transport modelling, irrigation and drainage design, groundwater modeling and environmental processes. Direct measurement of Ks is possible, but that is usually time consuming, tedious, expensive and impractical for larger scale studies. Also, these methods are partly unreliable because of soil heterogeneity and experimental errors. One solution to govern this problem is using indirect methods such as pedo-transfer functions (PTFs). Since PTFs have not yet beendeveloped to soils in the study area, this study evaluates and describes neural network and statistical regression PTFs to predict Ks from limited or more extended sets of the readily available soil properties. For this purpose, Ks from 95 points of Sirwan-Chardawel sub-basins in Ilam province were measured using Guelph permeameter. Also, some of the readily available soil parameters were obtained. The accuracy and reliability of the derived PTFs were evaluated using root mean square error (RMSE), mean error (ME) and Pearson correlation coefficient (r). The highest correlation coefficients of 0.58 and 0.56 were found between Ks and geometric mean particle diameter and sand content, respectively. The results indicated that artificial neural network and regression PTFs can predict Ks with relatively good accuracy even if a few readily available soil properties are measured (rR-val= 0.85, RMSER-val= 6.81 mm/hr and rANN-test= 0.87, RMSEANN-test= 10.80 mm/hr). However, based upon results, the prediction accuracy of ANN model at both training and testing stages increased if more readily available soil properties are used (rtrain= 0.92, RMSEtrain= 4.36 mm/hr and rtest= 0.89, RMSEtest= 7.17 mm/hr). In general, it was found that ANNs method had better performance than linear regression model in predicting Ks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Prediction of the land use change using markov chain and cellular automata (case study: Roze Chay basin, Uremia)
Farrokh Asadzadeh Kamal Khosravi Aqdam Laleh Parviz Hassan Ramazanpour Nafiseh Yaghmaeian MahabadiLand use surveys and investigations are a prerequisite for the study of watersheds, because regional planning is dependent on the awareness about land use type and future changes. As a result, modeling and predicting of land use is essential for land planning and manage MoreLand use surveys and investigations are a prerequisite for the study of watersheds, because regional planning is dependent on the awareness about land use type and future changes. As a result, modeling and predicting of land use is essential for land planning and management in the future of a country such as Iran, where land use is changing rapidly In this regard, in order to reveal the land use changes in the 15 years and modeling the changes for the next 20 years, the markovin transmission estimator was used with Landsat 7 and 8 Landsat satellite imagery data from the Roze Chay basin of urmia. Based on the controlled classification algorithm with the maximum probability of land use as seven classes of land uses in this watershed were seven garden, irrigated farming, dry farming, grass land, residential area, water and salt marsh with a mean Kappa coefficient of 0.88 and overall accuracy of 0.9 for 2000 and 2015 were extracted. The changes of 15 years showed that the variation of water dependent uses in the region decreased during the mentioned time period (percentage reduction in the area of agricultural crops and gardens, 32.51). The modeling of land use changes in the region with the markovin transmission estimator suggests that the use of gardens, arable and dry lands, villages and water resources will decrease, and the use of grass land and salt marsh will increase in the region (from 2020 to 2035 percent increase in area grass land 13.11 and the percentage of dry farming 17.56). The results indicate that soil and water resources are used improperly in the studied area, which requires comprehensive planning and management in the watershed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Evaluating Equilibrium and Non-Equilibrium Bromide Transport in Forest and Rangeland Soils on a Laboratory-Scale
Nima Golabizadeh MOHAMMADREZA DALAIAN Shahram Shahmohammadi Kalalagh Maryam Hajrasouli Siamak SaediBackground and Aim: to better management of solute transport in porous media, it is essential to recognize their transport behavior using appropriate models. In this research, convection-dispersion equation (CDE) and mobile-immobile model (MIM), as physical equilibrium MoreBackground and Aim: to better management of solute transport in porous media, it is essential to recognize their transport behavior using appropriate models. In this research, convection-dispersion equation (CDE) and mobile-immobile model (MIM), as physical equilibrium and non-equilibrium models, respectively, were used to simulate the bromide transport through saturated and unsaturated forest soil, with clay loam texture, and rangeland soil, with sandy loam texture, columns (diameter of 6 and height of 10 cm).Method: to obtain the BTCs, the PVC soil columns with a height of 10 and a diameter of 6 cm were prepared. The breakthrough experiment was carried out in near saturation and saturated condition under a water head of -1 and 3 cm, respectively. The soil columns were saturated from the bottom with a Ca(NO3)2 solution of 0.01 molar as the background solution. At near saturation, the CaBr2 solution with a concentration of 0.01 M equal to a pore volume was injected into the saturated columns of the background solution through the infiltration disk. A Mariotte bottle was used to establish a constant water head. After CaBr2 injection started, the effluents with a volume of 0.1 pore volume were collected at different times, and their bromide concentrations were determined using a pH-meter equipped with a bromide selector electrode. After the complete injection of CaBr2, the steady-state saturated flow of the background solution was re-established. The experiment continued until the bromide concentration in the effluent were almost zero. The measured concentrations, by dividing by the initial concentration, were converted to relative concentrations (C/Co). Then the BTCs was plotted as C/Co versus time or the number of pore volumes.Results: The values of mass transfer coefficient (ω<100) and mobile water fraction (β<1) as an indicator for determining the equilibrium and non-equilibrium indicated that bromide transport behavior within these columns was anomalous or non-Fickian transport. Hence, the non-equilibrium or the mobile-immobile model (MIM) is suitable and more efficient than the Fickian-based CDE model. The fitted breakthrough curves (BTCs) and the higher determination coefficient (R2) and the lower root mean square error (RMSE) values of the MIM model compared to those of the CDE confirmed the effectiveness of the MIM model in simulating bromide transport in the forest and rangeland soil columns.Conclusion: Better fit of measured and estimated breakthrough curves of bromide with non-equilibrium model compared to CDE equilibrium model, especially in the tail of breakthrough curves indicates more accuracy and the should be added efficiency of the non-equilibrium model. Given that the samples were replaced in the columns as disturbed, it can be said that heterogeneity conditions were established in the columns experiments. According to Huang et al. (2005) and Berkowitz et al. (2008), heterogeneity could be one of the reasons to justify the better performance of non-equilibrium models in the present study. The high efficiency of the non-equilibrium model compared to the equilibrium model in this controlled laboratory research cannot be a reliable judgment in evaluating these models. Accurate judgment will depend on conducting research and experiments in real and field conditions, taking into account more effective parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Estimation of Soil Particle-Size Distribution Curve Based on Three Parametric Pedotransfer Functions
Hamid Reza FooladmandBackground and Aim: The particle-size distribution (PSD) curve is one of the most important soil properties, and many models have been presented for fittng to the measurd data of this curve. Also, there are some methods for estimating of this curve including its e MoreBackground and Aim: The particle-size distribution (PSD) curve is one of the most important soil properties, and many models have been presented for fittng to the measurd data of this curve. Also, there are some methods for estimating of this curve including its estimation using more easily available soil properties which can be called parametric pedotransfer functions. The main objective of this study was the estimation of PSD curve with some different models based on the parametric pedotransfer functions.Method: In this study, the models of Haverkamp and Parlange (1986) with two conditions, Assouline et al. (1998), and Fredlund et al. (2000) were employed for fittng to the measued data of this curve. All mentioned models contain several parameters, and the estimation of PSD curve may be accomplished by knowing the models parameters. To do this, some equations were derived for estimating the parameters of the model of Haverkamp and Parlange (1986) in two assumptions, and the model of Assouline et al. (1998). Also, the equations for estimating Fredlund et al. (2000) model were computed from Fooladmand and Mansuri (2013). All estimated equations for the model parameters have been obtained only based on soil texture data (amounts of clay, silt, sand, geometric mean and geometric standard deviation of the particle-size diameter) which are available easily and common in measuring and computing for soil samples. For this purpose, 30 soil samples were collected from different locations in Fars Province, south of Iran to calibrate the equation, and 10 soils in this area plus 30 soils of UNSODA soil data bases were used to validate the obtained results. 40 soils in validation stage have been divided into three groups containing fine, medium and course textures. The best derived equations for estimating the parameters of the model of Haverkamp and Parlange (1986) with two assumptions, and the model of Assouline et al. (1998) were obtained by using the step by step linear regression procudure. Then, the root mean square error (RMSE), geometric mean error ratio (GMER) and geometric standard deviation of the error ratio (GSDER) have been used to evaluate the obtained results in the validation stage.Results: The results indicated that the model of Fredlund et al. (2000) was appropriate for soils with fine and course textures, and the model of Assouline et al. (1998) was appropriate for soils with medium texture. Also, the results indicated that two conditions of the model of Haverkamp and Parlange (1986) were not appropriate for estimating the PSD curve. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Evaluating some pedotransfer functions for simulation of transient water flow in soil
Sanam Jafari Gilandeh Ali Rasoulzadeh Habib KhodaverdilooQuantitative description of soil hydraulic properties is necessary for any scheduling related to soil and water resources conservation. Soil hydraulic properties are important inputs for simulation of water flow and solute transport in soil. Since direct measurement of MoreQuantitative description of soil hydraulic properties is necessary for any scheduling related to soil and water resources conservation. Soil hydraulic properties are important inputs for simulation of water flow and solute transport in soil. Since direct measurement of these properties is time consuming and costly, pedotransfer functions (PTFs) have been widely and successfully used for their prediction. Yet, little efforts have been made for functional evaluation of PTFs predictions for application in simulating transient soil water flow. In this study, soil water retention curve (SWRC) of a clay soil was predicted, using some selected local and global PTFs. SWRC was also measured in the laboratory by direct method. Validity of studied PTFs in terms of prediction of SWRC was examined. By applying both predicted and measured hydraulic parameters to HYDRUS-1D program for simulation of soil water flow, functional behavior of PTFs was quantitatively compared in terms of simulation of water flow in soil. The obtained results indicated that both the selected global PTFs (Rosetta) with root mean square error (RMSE) < 0.025 cm3cm-3 and some regional PTFs (Ghorbani-1) with RMSE < 0.014 cm3cm-3 can reasonably well predict SWRC of soil surface. For prediction of SWRC of subsurface soil, the RMSE value of global PTFs was larger than 0.107 cm3cm-3 and was ranged from 0.036 to 0.356 cm3cm-3 for the local PTFs. However, for simulation of soil water flow a different set of PTFs was most efficient. RMSE values of adjusted Ghorbani PTF (S-Gh&H (Adj.)) for simulation of water content of surface and subsurface soils were 0.025 and 0.055 cm3cm-3, respectively. RMSE value of Wosten (1997, 1999) PTFs for surface soil was larger than 0.149 cm3cm-3 and for subsurface soil was less than 0.058 cm3cm-3. Simulation with the measured SWRC had RMSE values of 0.013-0.040 cm3cm-3 for surface and subsurface soils, respectively. It can be concluded that when validating PTFs, one should consider the objective for which the PTFs are assessed. A PTF might be accurate enough for predicting SWRC, but not for particular q(h) range governing the soil water redistribution process. Using such PTFs might lead to large errors in simulating soil water content. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Modeling total sediment load in rivers using artificial neural networks
Amin Falamaki Mahnaz Eskandari Abdolhossein Baghlani Seyed Ahmad AhmadiEstimating total sediment load in rivers is an important and practical issue for water resources planning and management. The sediment concentration can be calculated by both direct and indirect measurements, but direct methods are usually costly and time-consuming. Fur MoreEstimating total sediment load in rivers is an important and practical issue for water resources planning and management. The sediment concentration can be calculated by both direct and indirect measurements, but direct methods are usually costly and time-consuming. Further, total sediment load can be determined by several sediment load transport models. These equations, however, are applicable in certain circumstances, and in most cases the outcomes do not agree with each other and with measured data. The objective of this study was to propose a method based on artificial neural networks (ANN) to predict total sediment load concentration. Consequently, two ANNs including multilayer perceptrone (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF) with 200 data were used for the modeling purposes. For training and testing the ANN models, 75 and 25 percent of data were used, respectively. The input variables were designated to be average flow velocity, average depth, water surface slope, canal width and median particle diameter of sediment, while the models output was total sediment load concentration. The input variables were included to the models step wisely and the results were evaluated to find out the most suitable ANN models. The predicted values were then compared with five known sediment load transport equations. The conducted statistical analyses indicated that ANNs models in particular MLP can provide better prediction for total sediment load with correlation coefficient of 0.96. It was further concluded that to enhance the accuracy of ANN model, training of the network should be accomplished using both hydrological and sediment data. The Ackers and White equation was very overestimating the total sediment load, while all other equations were underestimating. Based on the results obtained in this study, the ANN-based models provide better concurrence with the observed data, particularly MLP network which can reasonably well predict the peak point of total sediment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Deriving and validating point spectrotransfer functions in VIS-NIR-SWIR range to estimate soil water retention
Ebrahim Babaeian Mehdi Homaee Ali Akbar NorooziParametric soil water retention functions are important inputs for soil water conservation models. The objective of this study was to derive some spectrotransfer functions (STFs) to estimate soil water retention functions, using spectral reflectance. Consequently, proxi MoreParametric soil water retention functions are important inputs for soil water conservation models. The objective of this study was to derive some spectrotransfer functions (STFs) to estimate soil water retention functions, using spectral reflectance. Consequently, proximal spectral reflectance of the soil samples within the VIS-NIR and SWIR (400-2500 nm) ranges was measured by using a handheld spectroradiometer apparatus. After (pre)processing the spectral data, the correlation between all wavelengths and soil water contents at matric potentials of -15000, -10000, -5000, -3000, -1000 and -330 cm were determined. Then, the transfer functions in the form of partial least square regression (PLSR) and bootstrap aggregation with PLSR (Bagging-PLSR) were derived. These new transfer functions were called point spectrotransfer functions (PSTFs). Results indicated that the derived PSTFs can well estimate soil water retention characteristics. The derived PLSR-based STFs provided more accuracy (RMSE=0.012 to 0.022 cm3 cm-3) than Bagging-PLSR based STFs (RMSE=0.012 to 0.029 cm3 cm-3) for estimating soil water contents at all designated matric potentials. On the other hands, performance of PSTSs for soil water contents at -15000, -10000 and -5000 cm were more reasonable than that of water contents at -3000, -1000 and -330 cm. It may be then concluded that PSTFs can be used as a reasonable indirect method for estimating soil water retention particularly at high soil water pressure heads. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Modeling of Mass Transfer Kinetic During Osmotic Dehydration of Eggplant (Solanum Melongena L.)
A.A. Bahmani S.M. Jafari S.A. ShahidiIntroduction: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of temperature, osmotic solution concentration and dehydration time on the mass transfer during osmotic dehydration of eggplant and then comparison of the mathematical models in order to select the best m MoreIntroduction: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of temperature, osmotic solution concentration and dehydration time on the mass transfer during osmotic dehydration of eggplant and then comparison of the mathematical models in order to select the best model for the mass transfer. Materials and Methods: Dehydration of the eggplant with the osmotic solutions containing 5, 10 and 15% salt and temperatures of 30, 45 and 60°C in a water bath at the ratio of eggplant slices to osmotic solution of 1:10, 1:15 and 1: 20 has taken place. Water loss and solid gain values for each concentration and temperature at intervals of 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 150, 210 and 270 minutes were determined respectively. Equilibrium values of water loss and solid gain were calculated by models as well as the rate of mass transfer. Results: The moisture content and mass transfer kinetics are functions of temperature and salt concentration changes over the time. The model proposed by some researchers (Azura model) with maximum Regression Coefficient and minimum root mean square error and the square sum error was compared to the Magee model that can describe the mass transfer kinetics better. The Azuara model in 1:15 ratio of osmotic solution of the sample resulted in a correlation coefficient of 0.9792 for water loss and of 0.9386 for solid gain as compared with 1:10 and 1:20 ratios that showed the best fit. Conclusion: The proposed model of Azuara regarding the maximum correlation and the minimum root mean square error and the sum of squared errors was recommended in order to model the mass transfer kinetics during osmotic dehydration of eggplant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Estimating the Cost of damages to Ecosystem Services Due to Metals Mining of copper, gold, bauxite and iron Ore in Iran and its comparative analysis with the cost of global damages
jalil badamfirooz Roya Mousazadeh hamid sarkheilBackground and Objective: Metal mining has significant negative effects on natural ecosystems within the mining site. Considering that the consequences of metal mining on ecosystem services provided by natural ecosystems within the influence of the mining sites in the c MoreBackground and Objective: Metal mining has significant negative effects on natural ecosystems within the mining site. Considering that the consequences of metal mining on ecosystem services provided by natural ecosystems within the influence of the mining sites in the country have not been evaluated so far, the main objective of this study is to estimate the cost of environmental damages in order to protect natural ecosystems which can better facilitate decision making of the environmental planners. Material and Methodology: In this study, the cost of the damages on ecosystem services due to metal mining was estimated using the benefits transfer approach, and a comparative analysis of the estimated damages with global findings related to the ecosystem services costs of the four four metals gold, copper, bauxite, and iron ore were conducted in 2020. Findings: In this rsearch, the total cost of damages to ecosystem services (loss of ecosystem services values) due to mining of four metals gold, copper, bauxite, and iron ore, in the total relevant biomes, is estimated at 57253180 million IRR (equivalent to the US $ 248 million) in the year (2020), which Its share is estimated at 4.6% compared to the global estimate of the total cost of ecosystem services resulting from the mining of four metals, gold, iron ore, copper and bauxite ($ 5.4 billion in 2016), which is a significant figure. The share of the total cost of ecosystem services due to mining the four metals in the forest ecosystem is approximately 86%, in the rangeland ecosystem 14%, and for the wetland ecosystem 0.06%. Discussion and Conclusion: The highest damage costs for ES are estimated for forest and rangeland ecosystems, respectively. Therefore, it is necessary to try to create and implement sustainable development laws in the mining life cycle, even after the closure of mines due to long-term effects on the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Environmental Risk Assessment for Gas Pipeline Construction Using the Multi-Index Compilation Decision Method (Case study: Gachsaran to Bidboland)
shahab Ahmadzadeh MARYAM ROBATI hanieh nikoomaramBackground and Objective: This study analyzes the risk assessment of Gachsaran petrochemical Ethan transformation 20 inch pipeline implementation design as one of the most important petrochemical designs of the country, with the knowledge of assuring necessity of proper MoreBackground and Objective: This study analyzes the risk assessment of Gachsaran petrochemical Ethan transformation 20 inch pipeline implementation design as one of the most important petrochemical designs of the country, with the knowledge of assuring necessity of proper and right implementation of projects and finally presenting solutions for adverse effects reduction on environment. Method: VIKOR and ENVID methods are types of environmental risk identification methods that show necessary applicability for projects’ risk amount assessment. Findings: In this research, relative analysis process of failure existence potentials is discussed and also sensitivity assessment and vulnerability detection of environment around us is done. This method conclude recognition of environment affected by gas leakage, important ecologic compartments checked and assessed considering environmental sensitivities, risk amount guaranty according to existing standards and identification of preventive actions and potential pipeline risk reduction actions. Discussion and Conclusions: The results show that in both mentioned methods, construction phase has more risk in comparison to application phase as in construction phase, physical and chemical and economical, social and cultural environments respectively get the most influence and in application phase with less severity comparing to construction phase Economical, social and cultural and physical and chemical receive the most influence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Investigation of urban traffic on the accumulation of heavy elements of lead and cadmium in rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and the effect of mycorrhiza (Glomus mossea) symbiosis on it
zahra Alinezhad , Seyed Ali Abtahi Mojtaba Jafarinia Jafar YasrebiBackground and Objective: Nowadays, heavy metal pollution has become a serious environmental problem. To protect the environment, one of the effective and low-cost methods is phytoremediation. Phytoremediation is the use of plants to remove, reduce and stabilize polluta MoreBackground and Objective: Nowadays, heavy metal pollution has become a serious environmental problem. To protect the environment, one of the effective and low-cost methods is phytoremediation. Phytoremediation is the use of plants to remove, reduce and stabilize pollutants. In this regard, the use of fungi that symbiosis with plants, can increase the efficiency of phytoremediation, reduce the time required to remove contamination, and develop its application. Material and Methodology: This experiment was performed in order to investigate the traffic and symbiosis interaction’s effects on lead and cadmium accumulation in rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). The experiment donen in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and three factors as factorial. The first factor includes mycorrhiza symbiosis (control and inoculation), the second factor was traffic (Control, 120, 300, 600, 950, 1200, 1800, 2400, 3000, 3600, and 4200 cars per hour) and the third factor was the type of pot (Controls and pots where the soil surface is covered except at the place of seedlings) with three replications in 2019-2020 in Shiraz metropolis. In the experiment some properties were investigated such as root weight, soil cadmium, shoot cadmium, root cadmium, stem length, main root length, plant dry weight, root lead, cadmium, and lead transfer factors. Findings: The results of mean comparisons showed that inoculation of plants with mycorrhizal fungi )Glomus mossea (had higher lead content of root tissue than shoots and soil in 4200 cars per hour compared to the control. Symbiosis with mycorrhiza fungi increased root weight and plant dry weight, stem length, and main root length compared to the control by 23.93, 18.97, 0.82 and 30.87% in 4200 car traffic per hour, respectively. The results also showed that the treatment of closed pots and inoculation of mycorrhizal fungi increased the growth parameters and decreased cadmium and lead. Discussion and Conclusion: The reduction of cadmium and lead concentrations in the inoculated rosemary with Glomus mosses indicates that Rosmarinus officinalis L. can grow in soils contaminated with cadmium and lead. Also, the symbiosis of mycorrhizae increases th ability of rosemary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
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مجید عباسپور رضا مرندی -
Open Access Article
43 - The Presentation of Environmental Risk Assessment Pattern for Gas Pipeline Project by Using of Indexing System and AHP Methods (Case Study: Transportation Pipelines 24 inches, Tasuj-Salmas Project)
Sahar Rezaian Mahdi Irankhahi Seyed Ali JoziGas transportation pipelines production plans, unlike technical and economical justification in the fieldof energy supplying for societies, by having danger on environment, needs the continuous studies ofassessment and environmental risk management in manufacturing and MoreGas transportation pipelines production plans, unlike technical and economical justification in the fieldof energy supplying for societies, by having danger on environment, needs the continuous studies ofassessment and environmental risk management in manufacturing and benefiting stage. In this study,for purpose of environmental risk assessment for gas transportation pipelines the indexing systemmethod and Analytical Hierarchy Process were combined. Indexing System is a compulsive andapplicable method that was based at the basis of characterizing index effect and ranking. By using thismethod, we can classify, quantify and prefering types of environmental risk in pipelines according tothe determined criteria’s and typical. In the mentioned method, typical of dangers, show the possibilityof danger occurrence and effects of typical show the effect intensity. Final grade for environmentalrisk in this method produce via possibility of danger occurrence multiply with effect intensity.According to that efficiency scale for whole of criteria are not equal in the final level of risk.In addition for the purpose of weighting the criteria’s, the Analytical Hierarchy Process was used andfor the purpose of weighting the digital layers of information related to the criteria Ordered WeightAnalysis method was used. For the purpose of examination results of this research, environmental riskassessment of gas transportation pipelines 24 inches for Tasuj-Salmas with approximate length about42 kilometer as a case study was exerted. Via usage of Geographic Information Systems abilities, theidentified risks and risk zonation in the path of pipelines were considered. Results showed that 46% ofgas pipeline path of Tasuj-Salmas, has a high risk level (5467- 6054 grade), 48% of it, has a mediumrisk level (6055- 6641 grade), 2% of it, has a low level of risk (6642-7228 grade) and 4% of it, has alittle risk (7228< grade). Adjacency of southern zone of pipelines path with Orumieh lake nationalpark, is an important ecological sensitivity that is under investigation. 15 kilometer of pipeline path(kilometer 18+220 to 33+220) is aligned with 5 kilometer of biosphere reserved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Calculation of transfer coefficients in root vegetables for Cesium-137
Effat Yahaghi Najmeh Bahman AbadiBackground and Objective: Cesium-137 is one of the most important radioactive nuclides which are released into the environment during nuclear accidents. This metal remains in high layers of the soil and by the time diffuse to the lower depths of the soil and absorbed by MoreBackground and Objective: Cesium-137 is one of the most important radioactive nuclides which are released into the environment during nuclear accidents. This metal remains in high layers of the soil and by the time diffuse to the lower depths of the soil and absorbed by plant roots and finally it will enter the human chain and effects directly on the human health. Therefore, the use of appropriate models for prediction of the Cs absorption in root vegetables can help on the human health. Method: In this study, transfer coefficients and Cs-137 uptake in the root vegetables is investigated by compartmental model. Data of Fukushima accident were used for the calculation of parameters in the plants. Data of Cs concentration in soil and in root of vegetables are as inputs. Findings: The result shows the calculated transfer coefficients for soil to root of vegetable is 0.031 for turnip and 0.039 for carrot, in the same order of reference 0.037 for the loam soil of agricultural and root vegetables. Discussion and Conclusion: The calculated transfer coefficients are in a very good consistency to the recommended NCRP. This result can be used for predicting the nuclear contamination in the nuclear accident. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Investigation on the factors for site selection of solid waste transfer stations for 22nd district of Tehran municipally considering environmental issue, air and waste leachate
Qasmly Omrani Amir Hossein Javid Elham RamezanaliThe development of urban communities, growth of urbanism, emergence of metropolises, and subsequent increase in the volume of residues and municipal wastes, besides adding to numerous urban problems, pose serious threats to the environment and peoples health which, toge MoreThe development of urban communities, growth of urbanism, emergence of metropolises, and subsequent increase in the volume of residues and municipal wastes, besides adding to numerous urban problems, pose serious threats to the environment and peoples health which, together with the need for transfer stations for temporary accumulation of wastes, has drawn world attention to this issue. The usage of waste transfer stations is recommended in order to improve and enhance solid wastes transportation system. Most cities posses waste transfer stations, however, it should be mentioned that potential effects of wastes on individuals health and safety are still unclear. Proper site selection, design, and operation of equipments lead into the appropriate management of waste transfer stations so that health, safety, and welfare of society as well as the absence of adverse environmental impacts could be ensured. The purpose of this study is to investigate environmental aspects and sanitary conditions of waste transfer stations in terms of the volume of generated leachate around the stations and emission of unfavorable odors and polluted gases during the operation of stations located at residential areas. To accomplish these goals, sampling and some measurements were carried out at each station in the first step. Investigations showed the lack of health facilities, appropriate accommodation for workers, personal protective equipments, and proper physical conditions in 90% of stations. The obtained results indicate that the level of leachate-induced pollution at the bottom of stations, which ultimately escapes to soil and water resources, is significantly higher than standards recommended by Department of Environment (DOE). Septic tank leachate sampling showed that BOD and COD level of the studied station was 49700 and 31800 mg/l, respectively which, in all cases, are higher than sewage effluent standards. In addition, the amount of particles measured at the eastern side of the station was 153 and 753 microgram/m3 which are higher than air pollutants standards. The level of pollutant gases of NH3 and H2S9NH3 is zero or insignificant. Investigations revealed that the station has septic leachate collection system and its effluent enters absorbing wells. Furthermore, rinsing of waste transporting vehicles leads into flow of polluted water at the station and then, entering absorbing wells. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Investigating the Changes inThermal Conditions of Residential Buildings in the Second Half of Ghajarid Era with Reference to Performance Approach
Ehsan Zamani Aryan Amirkhani Hadis Amanolah Baharvandi Mohammad Reza BemanianThis paper investigates the changes in the thermal conditions of residential buildings in the 3rd and 4th quarters of Ghajarid Era. This study specifically aims to address the answers for the following questions: 1) Is there a meaningful difference in the thermal condit MoreThis paper investigates the changes in the thermal conditions of residential buildings in the 3rd and 4th quarters of Ghajarid Era. This study specifically aims to address the answers for the following questions: 1) Is there a meaningful difference in the thermal conditions of residential buildings in the last 80 years of Ghajarid Era? 2) Do the possible changes of thermal conditions depend on the period in which the buildings are constructed? And is there a correlative connection between the above factors? 3) Does the apparent architectural agitation of the second half of Ghajarid Era affect the thermal conditions of residential constructions as well? Method: In order to achieve the answers, thermal conditions of 60 residential buildings, picked equally from the Kashan, Esfehan and Yazd provinces, were examined. Distribution of the buildings in the 3rd and 4th quarters of Ghajarid Era was considered for each province as well. The research method for calculating the thermal conditions of the buildings was the "performance approach". The outputs considering PResults: Results show a meaningful decrease in the amount of the following thermal quantities: (H/A, G, H/H^) in the last 40 years of Ghajarid Era. These results suggest that the thermal condition of residential buildings in the 3rd quarter of Ghajarid Era was worse than the last quarter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Investigation of information interaction in Iranian capital market companies using transfer entropy matrix
arefeh mohaghegh mohsen hamidian Sayed Ali hoseyni esfyadvajany gholam reza jafariThe focus of this study is on the Iranian stock market financial market. In fact, the aim of this study is to investigate market modeling using entropy transfer matrix. Investing in the capital market and buying stocks of companies that have a lot of entropy is associat MoreThe focus of this study is on the Iranian stock market financial market. In fact, the aim of this study is to investigate market modeling using entropy transfer matrix. Investing in the capital market and buying stocks of companies that have a lot of entropy is associated with a lot of risk, and due to the high risk and the possibility of bankruptcy, the principal and profit of capital may be lost. We received data on trading volume, disclosure quality, monthly index, corporate governance, and 12-month profit quality for 27 companies from the Iranian stock market and OPEC's monthly oil price, monthly inflation rate, ozone rate, and the price of an ounce of gold between 2009 and 2017. The special importance of the capital market in the development of the economy is through the efficient management of capital and the optimal allocation of undeniable resources. Investing in the capital market requires a decision that requires information about the future state of the stock market price. After a series of drastic changes that have taken place in a row, the trend of data changes is moving towards negative. In other words, in a continuous cycle, the higher the degree of change, the closer the probability of approaching a state of stillness Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - جواب عددی معادله انتگرال بازه ای فردهلم ولترا از نوع همرشتاین با استفاده از روش موجک بازه ای لژاندر
نیاز خرمی علی سلیمی پارسا مقدمدر این مقاله، روش موجک بازه ای لژاندر برای تقریب جواب معادله انتگرال بازه ای فردهلم –ولترا از نوع همرشتاین مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. چند جمله ای های انتقال یافته ی بازه ای لژاندر بر اساس موجک بازه ای لژاندر تعریف می شوند. قضیه وجود و یکتایی برای معادله انتگ Moreدر این مقاله، روش موجک بازه ای لژاندر برای تقریب جواب معادله انتگرال بازه ای فردهلم –ولترا از نوع همرشتاین مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. چند جمله ای های انتقال یافته ی بازه ای لژاندر بر اساس موجک بازه ای لژاندر تعریف می شوند. قضیه وجود و یکتایی برای معادله انتگرال بازه ای فردهلم-ولترا از نوع همرشتاین اثبات می شود. چند مثال دقت و کارایی روش را نشان می دهند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - جواب دقیق به فرم بسته برای انتقال حرارت از فین تابشی به شکل مستطیل
الیاس شیوانیان فاطمه سهرابیدر این مقاله، مساله تعیین انتقال حرارت از فین تابشی به شکل مستطیل بررسی می شود. ما حرارت یک بعدی و پایا در پره در نظر می گیریم و از تبادل تابشی بین پره های مجاور و بین پره و سطح اولیه آن صرفنظر می کنیم. نشان داده می شود که معادله فین حاکم، که یک معادله دیفرانسیل درجه دو Moreدر این مقاله، مساله تعیین انتقال حرارت از فین تابشی به شکل مستطیل بررسی می شود. ما حرارت یک بعدی و پایا در پره در نظر می گیریم و از تبادل تابشی بین پره های مجاور و بین پره و سطح اولیه آن صرفنظر می کنیم. نشان داده می شود که معادله فین حاکم، که یک معادله دیفرانسیل درجه دوم غیر خطی است، بصورت دقیق قابل حل است. جوابهای تحلیلی دقیق و به فرم بسته به شکل ضمنی برای تفسیر فیزیکی و بهینه سازی برای حداکثر انتقال حرارت مناسب ارایه می شود. علاوه بر این، جواب تحلیلی دقیق برای سرعت انتقال حرارت و بازده فین می شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - The Effect of Electricity Transmission Lines on Urban and Human Environment
Malihe AminiToday, the electricity industry and its use are an integral part of life, so even a single minute of electricity can cause billions of losses. If electricity had not been discovered so far, human beings would never have reached such levels of prosperity and still have t MoreToday, the electricity industry and its use are an integral part of life, so even a single minute of electricity can cause billions of losses. If electricity had not been discovered so far, human beings would never have reached such levels of prosperity and still have to use carts and horses. This paper examines the characteristics of urban environments and the effects of electricity transmission lines on the environment and humans. In addition to all the benefits that the electricity industry has, it will also have potentially harmful effects on humans and the environment, making people exposed to power lines more likely to develop cancers than others. Considering human progress, solutions to this problem can be found, for example, the transmission of electricity from underground lines, which have a detrimental effect on both the physical and environmental health of the airline Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - نقش و موقعیت استراتژیک ایران در ایجاد خطوط انتقال انرژی (نفت و گاز)به اروپا و تأثیر آن بر همگرایی فرا منطقهای ایران
مریم شعبانی -
Open Access Article
52 - Optical Amplifier Design with Increased Dynamic Range Bandwidth for Optical Telecommunication Receiver Applications
reza kazerani najmeh cheraghi shirazi دکتر عبدالرسول GhasemiIn this paper an optical amplifier with increased dynamic range bandwidth with inductive amplification technique, including a transient impedance amplifier (TIA) for use in an optical telecommunication system for applications with 10Gb / s data rate using CMOS18.0.0 &mi MoreIn this paper an optical amplifier with increased dynamic range bandwidth with inductive amplification technique, including a transient impedance amplifier (TIA) for use in an optical telecommunication system for applications with 10Gb / s data rate using CMOS18.0.0 µm technology Designed and simulated. For the proper design of a fiber optic amplifier, the design of the transient impedance amplifier is a key element of this type of amplifier so that it compromises between challenging issues such as bandwidth, gain and power consumption. Appropriate bandwidth and interest required for use in new telecommunications And transfer an image. In this paper, the inductive enhancement technique developed by the predecessor is used to improve the parameters. In this technique, the desired inductor resonates with the parasitic capacitors of the circuit and creates a peak in the circuit which increases the bandwidth and gain of the circuit. Linear Mode In certain situations, such as short-circuit optical fiber, a technique called shunt technique is used to keep the circuit in linear mode. . The simulation results show that the proposed circuit has 1.8v power supply, 57.6 mW power, 5.98GHz bandwidth and 25dBΩ output. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Demand Planning and Transmission Network Development in the Capacity Market Using Microgrids
mohammad khadem Mojtaba NajafiTransmission network development is one of the most important parts of the power system that determines the optimal configuration for the network based on load demand. Expansion of transmission lines is not always cost effective; For this reason, with the growth of dema MoreTransmission network development is one of the most important parts of the power system that determines the optimal configuration for the network based on load demand. Expansion of transmission lines is not always cost effective; For this reason, with the growth of demand and shortage of energy resources, Planning of Demand Response has received special attention. In this paper, the role of microgrids as an alternative solution for transmission network development is investigated and a proposed method for modeling microgrids in the capacity market is presented as a solution to the transmission network development planning problem. The results show that the addition of microgrids causes reduction in transmission network development costs. In addition, the addition of microgrids causes a slight increase in the profitability of selling capacity to consumers. These results prove that by continuing to grow the number and capacity of microgrids in each area, it is possible to ultimately eliminate the need for transmission network development and reduce the market cost of capacity to zero. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - A Single Stage Dynamic Transmission Expansion Planning Model in the Competitive market
Hamid Gorjipour مجتبی Najafi Naghi Moaddabi PirkolahchahiIn the competitive market the planners can include market behavior in the Transmission Expansion planning (TEP) to manage the congestion. Before the expansion planning, the value of local marginal pricing (LMP) of each bus can be calculated using the optimal power flow. MoreIn the competitive market the planners can include market behavior in the Transmission Expansion planning (TEP) to manage the congestion. Before the expansion planning, the value of local marginal pricing (LMP) of each bus can be calculated using the optimal power flow. Then based on them the TEP is performed. But this model does not consider the dependency of the LMP to the network structure changes, because by changing the topology the cost and process of delivering power to a bus can be changed. So, the LMP is not constant during the TEP and must be included in the model dynamically. In this paper the dynamic dependency of LMP to the transmission system topology variations and contingencies is modelled as a single stage mixed-integer linear programming and solved with integration of the YALMIP and MOSEK software. The proposed model is more realistic; however, it takes more computation time. The single stage means the simultaneous calculation of LMPs and expansion planning in the model. The model has been applied to Garver 6-bus and the IEEE 24-bus network. The effect of interest rate, the load to generation capacity factor and load growth rate on the TEP model are analysed. The contingency-based model considers the contingency of line outages and presents a robust and reliable solution that guarantee the system security assessment during the set of predefined contingencies. It provides more expensive but more flexible solutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Modeling of overhead transmission line in Laplace area to simulate the phenomenon of recurrent discharge
Mohammad Hossein Ghasemi Peyman Naderi Mohammad Reza Alizadeh PahlavaniThe phenomenon of reverse discharge in high voltage overhead transmission lines occurs when a lightning wave hits the mast or protective wires. In this paper, in the stage of calculating the impact of lightning wave on overhead transmission lines, models and frequency i MoreThe phenomenon of reverse discharge in high voltage overhead transmission lines occurs when a lightning wave hits the mast or protective wires. In this paper, in the stage of calculating the impact of lightning wave on overhead transmission lines, models and frequency independent parameters for analysis in Laplace area are assigned to 115KV overhead transmission lines and then using MATLAB software to simulate the voltage difference. We will pay attention to the two ends of the chain of the headquarters of the desired lines to obtain the amount of overvoltage of the reverse discharge phenomenon. Finally, a comparison will be made between the results obtained in the Laplace domain and the results obtained in the frequency-dependent mode in ATPDraw software. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Design of a variable gain CMOS transmission impedance amplifier for optical receiver amplifier
Mehdi Faraji Ebrahim Borzabadi Hossein PourghasemIn this paper, the design and simulation of a transmission impedance amplifier using 0.18 µ CMOS technology for use in the amplifier section of optical telecommunication receivers are presented. The idea presented in this paper is based on the use of a parallel-pa MoreIn this paper, the design and simulation of a transmission impedance amplifier using 0.18 µ CMOS technology for use in the amplifier section of optical telecommunication receivers are presented. The idea presented in this paper is based on the use of a parallel-parallel feedback structure with a cascade interest rate. This structure is quasi-differential and is designed to increase the allowable range of input power and prevent amplifier saturation, a circuit with a variable gain. The simulation results show a maximum gain of 64 dB, a bandwidth of 1.8 GHz, power consumption of 20mw, and a spectral intensity of the noise current referred to as the PA / 9 input. Also, by using variable gain control, the gain of the amplifier transmission impedance can be reduced to 46 dBΩ. The results indicate that the proposed design is very suitable for a 2.5 Gb / s optical telecommunication system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Study of molecular and electronic structure of a new proton transfer compound with 2,6–pydc and py–3–cm: Synthesis and DFT calculations
محمد چهکندی Mahmood EbrahimiTwo donor (D) and acceptor (A) proton groups through transferring one or more proton construct the proton transfer compounds (PTCs). The successful synthesis of these compounds depends on the precise choosing of D and A. Therefore, carboxylic acids and amines and amides MoreTwo donor (D) and acceptor (A) proton groups through transferring one or more proton construct the proton transfer compounds (PTCs). The successful synthesis of these compounds depends on the precise choosing of D and A. Therefore, carboxylic acids and amines and amides act as D and A moiety and making a ligand of coordination compounds. Herein, at first the colorless crystals of a new PTC named 2,6–pydc(py–3–cm) because of reaction of pyridine–2,6–dicarboxilic acid (2,6–pydc) and pyridine–3–carbocxamide (py–3–cm) was prepared and its structure using FTIR, UV–Vis and CHNS analysis characterized. Finally, using the Gaussian 09 program the required DFT calculations including geometry optimization, frequency, TD, and NBO B3LYP/6–311+G(d, p) ones about the proposed structure was executed. The comparison of FTIR spectra of prepared 2,6–pydc(py–3–cm) with the related vibrational bands of D and A confirm the formation of inter–molecular hydrogen bond (HB). The theoretical electronic transitions spectrum confirms the experimental one derived from n (p) → π* and π → π* Intra–Ligand Charge Transfer (ILCT) transitions. In addition, the calculated stabilization energy of the prepared PTC with O−H···N and C−H···O HBs measured as –67.36 kcal mol–1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Construction of Spinel Nanoparticles of Transition Metal by Sol-Gel Combustion Method and Study Their Magnetic Properties
S. Hedayati S. Baqshahi A. Sedghi M. Azadfalah -
Open Access Article
59 - Investigating the learning transfer as a major concern for the workplace
Maryam Hassanpour Roodbaraki Mojgan Abdollahi Alireza Araghieeh Fatemeh Parasteh GhambovaniThe purpose of this study was to identify and predict the factors affecting learning transfer to the workplace. The research method is descriptive-analytical carried out by exploring studies which were related to learning transfer based on meta-analysis method. Document MoreThe purpose of this study was to identify and predict the factors affecting learning transfer to the workplace. The research method is descriptive-analytical carried out by exploring studies which were related to learning transfer based on meta-analysis method. Documentation included 85 scientific articles and research projects from 1390 to1397 solar and from 1988 to 2018, of which 27 documents were selected through a checklist of research with intrinsic criteria owing to their conformity with the main purpose of the study and the indicators were selected through purposeful sampling.Data analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software (CMA-2) and results were interpreted using Cohen's interpretive system. The results of measuring the effect of factors affecting learning transfer showed that "Individual factor (ES = 0.578)", "Educational factor (ES = 0.520)" and "Organizational factor (ES = 0.448)" had the most effect on learning transfer.Also, individual talent, transfer design and performance feedback components were reported with the most effect size were noticed as the most important.However, performance self-efficacy, training contents and resistance to change showed least effect size, and revealed the least important effect on the learning transfer to the workplace. The results showed that attention to individual and educational factors would have a positive and strong effect on increasing learning transfer to the workplace. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - ParsAirCall: Automated Conversational IVR in Airport Call Center using Deep Transfer Learning
Mohammad Manthouri Soheil Tehranipour Samaneh YazdaniIntroduction: In this paper, we introduce the ParsAirCall toolkit, which is a tool for automatic recognition of Persian numbers in airport systems. It leverages deep transfer learning to improve performance in real and operational scenarios of voice-controlled smart tel MoreIntroduction: In this paper, we introduce the ParsAirCall toolkit, which is a tool for automatic recognition of Persian numbers in airport systems. It leverages deep transfer learning to improve performance in real and operational scenarios of voice-controlled smart telephone systems at airports across the country. In today's world, with the advancements in artificial intelligence, traditional systems for interacting with callers in telephone calls are not efficient, and this efficiency will be enhanced through automation and the automation of repetitive tasks. Method: ParsAirCall distinguishes itself by surpassing competing models in the Persian language, achieving heightened accuracy with fewer parameters and optimized computing resources. Addressing the challenge posed by limited data for Persian speech recognition, we meticulously curated a 30-hour telephony dataset, serving as the cornerstone for training the final ParsAirCall model. Embracing the innovative QuartzNet architecture, our deep transfer learning strategy empowers ParsAirCall to capture nuanced features in Persian speech, ensuring superior performance in number recognition tasks associated with airport telephone calls. Results: Experiments were conducted on both our collected telephony dataset and the Common Voice project, demonstrating ParsAirCall’s efficiency in achieving a 2.7% WER (Word Error Rate) in number recognition in airport telephone calls. Discussion: ParsAirCall emerges as a versatile tool, poised for seamless integration as a service into any Persian-language airport telephone system. Its practical application extends to number recognition in airport call centers, exemplifying the transformative impact of advanced technologies in streamlining communication processes within critical operational environments. ParsAirCall can be easily integrated as a service into any Persian-language airport telephone system, making it a practical tool for number recognition in airport call centers and telephone systems. Our innovations in this article will be as follows: • Using transfer learning, we presented a monolingual Persian speech recognition system to recognize Iranian cities. • Compared to other architectures developed for the Persian language, it performs better. • Considering our goal for operational use in call centers, ParsAirCall is optimized in terms of hardware resource consumption and processing load. • The final ParsAirCall solution has been implemented and optimized in Farsi language for use in call centers and conversational artificial intelligence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - The evaluation and comparison of metabolic and oxidative stress status in dairy cows before and after parturition
Maryam Maryam Karimi-Dehkord Forough Mohammadi Majid Gholami-AhangarnInroduction & Objective: In the recent years, due to the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of various diseases, oxidative stress markers have become a useful tool in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Regarding the importance of dairy cattl MoreInroduction & Objective: In the recent years, due to the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of various diseases, oxidative stress markers have become a useful tool in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Regarding the importance of dairy cattle transition period and little research on the state of oxidative stress during the transition period, the aim of this study was to investigate the status of oxidative stress during the transition period using Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (GSH) two weeks before and after parturition in Holstein dairy cows in Shahrekord dairy farms. Materials and Methods: 42 dairy were selected from one of the industrial dairy farms in Shahrekord. Blood samples were taken two times (two weeks before and after pregnancy) and was transferred to the laboratory for measurement of Malondialdehyde, glutathione and total antioxidant capacity. T-test was used to compare the mean of each of these parameters before and after pregnancy. Results: The mean serum Malondialdehyde level after parturition in comparison to before parturition increased, although it was not statistically significant (P>0/05). The mean glutathione and total antioxidant capacity of the blood after delivery in comparison with the prepartum were significantly decreased (P<0/05). Also, the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes decreased significantly after delivery compared to before delivery (P <0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that dairy cows are exposed to oxidative stress during the transition period, although they do not show clinical symptoms. As a result, it is important to pay attention to the use of antioxidants during the transition period. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Optimizing Energy and Ancillary Services Markets in Transmission and Distribution Networks Through a Two-Stage Optimal Framework Considering Flexible Loads, Electric Vehicles, and Storage Systems
Azadeh Arezooye Araghi Amir Ahmarinejad Mohsen Alizadeh Mojtaba BabaeiIn this article, a comprehensive two-stage framework for conducting competitive energy and ancillary services markets in transmission and distribution networks is presented. In the first and second stages of the proposed framework, energy and ancillary services markets MoreIn this article, a comprehensive two-stage framework for conducting competitive energy and ancillary services markets in transmission and distribution networks is presented. In the first and second stages of the proposed framework, energy and ancillary services markets are held, respectively. In the proposed framework, the suppliers of spinning reserve market capacities are conventional thermal units, while the suppliers of regulation market capacities are fast response generators, energy storage systems, electric vehicles, and demand response aggregators. A linear AC power flow program is included in the proposed framework to verify the applicability of the simulation results in real operating conditions. The introduced framework is modeled as a linear optimization problem in which the objective function of each stage is solved separately. This framework is implemented on a test system that includes a 30-bus transmission network connected to four 8-bus distribution networks, and the CPLEX solver in GAMS software is used to simulate it. The simulation outputs clearly confirm that the participation of resources within the distribution networks in providing spinning reserve capacities significantly reduces the share of expensive thermal units in the market and thereby lowers the daily costs of the system. Moreover, the simulation outputs indicate that the participation of demand response aggregators, energy storage systems and electric vehicles in providing regulation market capacities, not only lowers the costs of this market but also significantly improves technical indicators such as voltage characteristics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - A tri-level optimization model for utilizing the potential of IoT-based subscribers and electric vehicles in energy and ancillary services markets
Leyla Karami Amir Ahmarinejad Mahmood Hosseini Aliabadi Arash DanaThis paper presents a tri-level model for the simultaneous management of energy and ancillary services markets between transmission and distribution networks integrated with renewable energy sources, smart homes based on the Internet of Things, and electric vehicles. In MoreThis paper presents a tri-level model for the simultaneous management of energy and ancillary services markets between transmission and distribution networks integrated with renewable energy sources, smart homes based on the Internet of Things, and electric vehicles. In the first level of the proposed model, smart homes plan their participation in the energy and regulation markets and send it to the distribution network operator. In the second level, the operators of the distribution networks plan their area according to the programs received from the smart homes and determine their strategy for participation in the energy, reservation and adjustment markets. In the third level, the strategy of distribution networks is sent to the operator of the transmission system so that the final planning of the energy, reservation and adjustment markets can be done according to them. The proposed model is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming problem and solved by GUROBI solver in GAMS. The implementation of the proposed model showed that this model was able to significantly use the potential of subscribers based on the Internet of Things, electric vehicles, storage systems and demand response programs to improve the technical aspects of transmission and distribution networks as well as to improve the economic aspects of energy markets and ancillary services. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Classification of papaya fruit based on maturity using machine learning and transfer learning approach
mohammad ghorbani Mostafa Ghazizadeh-Ahsaee Kazem Jafari NaeimiGrading and packing fruits based on visual inspections can be time-consuming, destructive, and unreliable. The objective of the conducted research is to provide an intelligent, fast and reliable classification method to detect the maturity of papaya fruit in three level MoreGrading and packing fruits based on visual inspections can be time-consuming, destructive, and unreliable. The objective of the conducted research is to provide an intelligent, fast and reliable classification method to detect the maturity of papaya fruit in three levels: immature, partially mature and mature. The total number of images used in this article is 300 images, 100 images have been collected for each level. In this paper, the use of two approaches, machine learning and transfer learning, is proposed to classify papaya fruit maturity status. The machine learning approach includes the use of three feature descriptors and three different classifiers, which are: local binary pattern (LBP), Gray Level Cooccurrence Matrix (GLCM), histogram of oriented gradients (HOG), k-nearest neighbor (KNN) classification algorithm, support vector machine(SVM) and Naïve Bayes classification algorithm. Transfer learning methods include the use of six pre-trained deep learning models Alexnet, Googlenet, Resnet101, Resnet50, Resnet18, VGG19. KNN classifier using HOG feature descriptor has achieved 95.4% accuracy and 3:52 seconds training time. The classifier based on transfer learning approach VGG19 was able to record better performance among other deep learning networks by obtaining 100% accuracy and training time of 10:42 seconds. Two classification methods using machine learning and transfer learning methods have been able to obtain accuracy of 95.4% and 100%, respectively, which are 0.7% and 6% more than the existing proposed methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - A review of drug analysis using charge transfer complexes
Vahideh Hadigheh RezvanThe charge transfer complex (CTC) is formed by the reaction between electron donor and acceptor and is stabilized by non-covalent interactions. These complexes absorb energy in the ultraviolet or visible region (charge transfer bands). The drug interactions with electro MoreThe charge transfer complex (CTC) is formed by the reaction between electron donor and acceptor and is stabilized by non-covalent interactions. These complexes absorb energy in the ultraviolet or visible region (charge transfer bands). The drug interactions with electron acceptors are important molecular reactions for drug activity. The position and intensity of charge transfer bands of complexes are used to quantify drugs as electron donors. This technique is cheap, simple, and efficient.and many studys have been done in this field. Different π-acceptors have been used in spectrophotometric assays and analysis of many pharmaceutical substances as electron donors. The nature of the complexes was determined by elemental analysis, Infrared spectroscopy, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and conductometry. In this study, the types of drugs that have the ability to form charge transfer complexes and also the types of electron acceptors used in the analysis of drugs are reviewed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - بررسی تطبیقی بیع مال آینده در فقه اسلامی و حقوق ایران
mohsen aziz علی شیعه علی فاطمه نعمتیConsidering that the needs of the societies have increased, we need new legal forms in the legal field other than the existing contracts in today's law in order to respond to these needs from a legal point of view. The sale of future property (that is, the sale of which MoreConsidering that the needs of the societies have increased, we need new legal forms in the legal field other than the existing contracts in today's law in order to respond to these needs from a legal point of view. The sale of future property (that is, the sale of which does not exist when the contract is concluded and will occur in the future) is a form of sale that has been investigated especially with the prevalence of pre-sale of apartments, but unfortunately, because in We do not have an explicit law regarding this type of sale. Among the jurists and jurists, there are differences in its authenticity or inauthenticity, each of which has its own reasons. But the truth is that the reasons given by the opponents of the validity of the sale of future property, including jurists and jurists, are not strong reasons for the invalidity of this sale, and therefore, according to the principle of authenticity, the validity of this transaction must be ruled, which requires the examination of several issues. be Among other things, what is the nature of this sale and what are its types? Can the sale of a certain object be traded as the sale of future property? What is the relationship between the sale of future property and contracts such as Salem, Istisna and Kali to Kali? In this article, which is written in a descriptive and analytical way, the result is that the sale of future property is not identical to any of the contracts, but it is an independent contract.sons given by the opponents of the validity of the sale of future property, including jurists and jurists, are not strong reasons for the invalidity of this sale, and therefore, according to the principle of authenticity, the validity of this transaction must be ruled, which requires the examination of several issues. be Among other things, what is the nature of this sale and what are its types? Can the sale of a certain object be traded as the sale of future property? What is the relationship between the sale of future property and contracts such as Salem, Istisna and Kali to Kali?sons given by the opponents of the validity of the sale of future property, including jurists and jurists, are not strong reasons for the invalidity of this sale, and therefore, according to the principle of authen In Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - تحلیل تغییرات هیدرولیک جریان تحت تاثیر سن لوله
وحید یزدانی سپیده یکه باش مازیار بهرامیافزایش روز افزون جمعیت شهرها و پیشرفت صنایع در همه کشورها برای آبرسانی شهرها مسئله­ی بسیار مهم و پیچیده­ای به وجود آورده که حل آن تنها با کمک متخصصان و تکنسین­های کارآزموده امکان­پذیر می­باشد. مطالعه حاضر بر روی چندین خط انتقال که شامل: لوله­های Moreافزایش روز افزون جمعیت شهرها و پیشرفت صنایع در همه کشورها برای آبرسانی شهرها مسئله­ی بسیار مهم و پیچیده­ای به وجود آورده که حل آن تنها با کمک متخصصان و تکنسین­های کارآزموده امکان­پذیر می­باشد. مطالعه حاضر بر روی چندین خط انتقال که شامل: لوله­های فایبرگلاس و لوله­های پلی­اتیلن با اقطار 110 الی 400 میلی‎متر بود، صورت گرفت. براساس تحلیل­های هیدرولیک مشخص گردید که در خط انتقال لوله فایبرگلاس با تغییر ضریب C از 140 به 135 و از 135 به 130 میزان افزایش افت برابر 2/3 و 5/3 درصد می­باشد. ایجاد تغییرات 5/3 و 1/7 درصد در مقادیر ضریب زبری میزان افت هیدرولیکی به ترتیب به میزان 2/3 و 7/6 درصد افزایش یافته است. در خطوط لوله که سرعت جریان آب نزدیک به 5/1 متر بر ثانیه می­باشد، حساسیت این عدم قطعیت افزایش می­یابد. براساس نتایج بدست آمده مقدار افزایش افت با تغییر ضریب C از 135 به 130 و از 130 به 125 به طور متوسط در تمام مسیر­های مورد بررسی، حدود 6 درصد می­باشد. با گذشت زمان و کهنه‎شدن لوله­ها، فشارهای طراحی شده در گره­های برداشت تامین نخواهد شد که برای این امر باید از ایستگاه‎های پمپاژ استفاده نمود که هزینه­های بهره­برداری را افزایش می­دهد. نتایج مربوط به لوله­های فایبرگلاس و پلی­اتیلن نشان داد که تاثیر ضریب زبری بر تغییرات افت در لوله­های فایبر گلاس، کمتر از پلی­اتیلن است. نتایج مشخص نمود که سرعت جریان عامل تاثیر­گذار بر تغییرات افت ناشی از تغییر ضریب هیزن ویلیامز می­باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - بررسی توابع انتقالی رگرسیون چند متغیره، شبکه پرسپرترون چند لایه و توابع پایه شعاعی جهت برآورد ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی خاکهای شمال اهواز
علی صالحی کامران محسنی فر علی غلامیبرای تخمین ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی خاک (CEC) به روش غیر مستقیم از توابع انتقالی استفاده میشود. چون (CEC) یکی از شاخصهای مهم حاصلخیزی خاک است که به دلیل هزینهبر و وقتگیر بودن کمتر به صورت مستقیم اندازهگیری میشود. هدف از این تحقیق برآورد (CEC) خاک با استفاده از رگرسیون Moreبرای تخمین ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی خاک (CEC) به روش غیر مستقیم از توابع انتقالی استفاده میشود. چون (CEC) یکی از شاخصهای مهم حاصلخیزی خاک است که به دلیل هزینهبر و وقتگیر بودن کمتر به صورت مستقیم اندازهگیری میشود. هدف از این تحقیق برآورد (CEC) خاک با استفاده از رگرسیون چند متغیره و شبکههای عصبی مصنوعی از روی خصوصیات زودیافت خاک میباشد. به این منظور اندازهگیریها برای 100 نمونه خاک شامل 1000 اندازهگیری شامل اندازه توزیع ذرات خاک، جرم مخصوص ظاهری، مواد آلی، آهک، تخلخل، میانگین هندسی قطر و انحراف معیار هندسی، انجام شد. پس از شناسایی دادههای پرت و حذف آنها آزمون نرمال بودن دادهها صورت گرفت. با استفاده از نرمافزار SPSS رگرسیون چند متغیره بین (CEC) و ویژگیهای زودیافت خاک برقرار شد. سپس بسط توابع انتقالی برای ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی خاک با استفاده از پارامترهای موجود با شبکه عصبی پرسپترون چند لایه (MLP) و شبکه عصبی تابع پایه شعاعی (RBF) انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد مواد آلی و رس خاک که منابع اصلی بار منفی خاک مـیباشـند با بالاترین ضریب تبیین 0.97 در برآورد CEC نقش دارند و مدل رگرسیون چند متغیره به طور کلی با ضریب تبیین 0.87 روش نسبتا مناسبی جهت برآورد CEC میباشد و شبکه MLP، با تابع انتقال تانژانت سیگموئید در لایه میانی و تابع انتقال خطی در لایه خروجی و الگوریتم آموزشی بیزین با ضریب تبیین 97/0 و میانگین مربعات خطای013/0 قادر است CEC را با خطای کمتری برآورد کند. برای شبکه RBF ضریب تبیین برابر 55/0 و خطای 017/0 در مرحله تست شبکه بدست آمد. درمجموع با توجه به نتایج حاصل مشخص شد که MLP به دلیل اینکه برای دادههایی که به صورت خطی قابل تفکیک نیستند را میتواند بهتر متمایز کند، دارای خطای کمتر و بعد از آن رگرسیون چند متغیره بهترین مدلها در مدلسازی و تخمینCEC می باشد درصورتی که شبکه های RBF به دلیل حساس بودن به ورودیها از دقت کمی در منطقه مورد مطالعه برخوردار میباشند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - پایش کیفی پارامترهای فیزیکی، شیمیایی و میکروبی در طول کانال انتقال آب تصفیه خانه جنوب شرق
سید محمد مهدی آیتی مهدی اسدی لور رودخانهها بدلیل ورود بخشی از آلایندههای ناشی از فعالیت جوامع انسانی در مقایسه با سایر منابع آب (زیرزمینی) به مقدار بیشتری در معرض ورود آلایندهای ثانویه به منابع آبی محسوب میشوند. بررسی کیفیت کانال انتقال آب تصفیه خانه جنوب شرق به دلیل تامین آب شرب شهرستانهای م More رودخانهها بدلیل ورود بخشی از آلایندههای ناشی از فعالیت جوامع انسانی در مقایسه با سایر منابع آب (زیرزمینی) به مقدار بیشتری در معرض ورود آلایندهای ثانویه به منابع آبی محسوب میشوند. بررسی کیفیت کانال انتقال آب تصفیه خانه جنوب شرق به دلیل تامین آب شرب شهرستانهای ماهشهر، بندر امام و صنایع پتروشیمی اداره کل بنادر و کشتیرانی و سایر مشترکین اداری و تجاری بندر امام از اهمیت ویژهای برخودار است. در این مطالعه به بررسی پارامترهای کیفیت فیزیکوشیمیایی و میکروبی شامل دما(T)، هدایت الکتریکی(EC)، کل جامدات محلول(TDS)، کدورت(TUR)، خاصیت اسیدی یا بازی(pH)، سختی آب(TH)، کلسیم(Ca)، منیزیم(Mg)، کلرور(Cl، کربنات(C03)، بی کربنات(HCO3)، سدیم(Na)، پتاسیم(K)، اکسیژن مورد نیاز شیمیایی(COD)، سولفات (SO4) و کلیفرم مدفوعی درطول کانال انتقال آب جنوب شرق از کوت امیر تا سربندر اقدام شد. براین اساس در بازه زمانی آبان 97 تا اردیبهشت 98 طی عملیات میدانی اقدام به برداشت نمونه کیفی درهر ماه دو نوبت و هر نوبت دو نمونه کیفی از 5 نقطه در طول کانال آب جنوب شرق و در مجموع به تعداد 60 نمونه کیفی برداشت شد. طبقه بندی آب از نظر کشاورزی، شرب و صنعت بر پایه تحلیل کیفی از طریق نمودارهای ویلکاکس، شولر، و پایپر انجام شد و در انتها استفاده از شاخصNSFWQI اقدام به طبقه بندی کیفی آب شد. بررسی نتایج آزمایشات و نمودارهای صورت گرفته در خصوص کیفیت آب از نطرشرب در کلاس قابل قبول بود. همچنین با استفاده از شاخصNSFWQI کیفیت آب در طول مسیر کانال در حد متوسط میباشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - کاربرد تابع انتقال در مدل سازی بارش- تراز آب زیرزمینی در استان گلستان
یول امان ناظری نادر جندقی مجتبی قره محمودلو مجید عظیم محسنیﺁﺏﻫﺎی ﺯﻳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁبی در کشور ایران بوده که ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎی ﺑﺎﺭﺵ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ. در پژوهش حاضر از آمار 30 ساله بارش و تراز آب زیرزمینی در سه حوضه آبخیز گالیکش، رامیان و محمدآباد جهت مدل ­سازی بارش-تراز آب زیرزمینی استفاده شد. پیش ­ Moreﺁﺏﻫﺎی ﺯﻳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁبی در کشور ایران بوده که ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎی ﺑﺎﺭﺵ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ. در پژوهش حاضر از آمار 30 ساله بارش و تراز آب زیرزمینی در سه حوضه آبخیز گالیکش، رامیان و محمدآباد جهت مدل ­سازی بارش-تراز آب زیرزمینی استفاده شد. پیش ­بینی مقادیر تراز آب زیرزمینی با استفاده از داده ­های بارش برای 12 ماه آینده به کمک مدل تابع انتقال با استفاده از نرم­افزار SPSS انجام شد. در مرحله بعد اعتبارسنجی مقادیر پیش ­بینی شده با استفاده از شاخص ­های MAD، RMSE و MAPE مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نمودار خودهمبستگی متقابل نشان داد در حوضه­ های گالیکش و محمدآباد بارش با سه ماه تاخیر بر تراز آب زیرزمینی تاثیر مستقیم گذاشته است، اما در حوضه آبخیز رامیان این تاخیر یک ماهه بود. همچنین مشخص شد مدل تابع انتقال در برازش مقادیر تراز آب زیرزمینی ماهانه در هر 3 حوضه آبخیز مورد بررسی عملکردی مناسبی داشته است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - شبیه سازی عددی انتشار آلودگی در رودخانهها بوسیله توسعه همزمان روش عددی حجم محدود و مدل شبکه عصبی تطبیقی
عباس پارسائی محمد مهدی احمدی کوروش قادریمطالعه بر روی کیفیت آبهای سطحی از اهمیت ویژهای برخوردار است. این موضوع با توجه به اینکه یکی از مهمترین منابع تأمین آب برای مصارف شرب، کشاورزی و صنایع، رودخانهها هستند نیاز به توجه بیشتری دارد. متأسفانه رودخانهها گاهی به عنوان مکانی برای تخلیه فاضلاب در نظر گرفته می Moreمطالعه بر روی کیفیت آبهای سطحی از اهمیت ویژهای برخوردار است. این موضوع با توجه به اینکه یکی از مهمترین منابع تأمین آب برای مصارف شرب، کشاورزی و صنایع، رودخانهها هستند نیاز به توجه بیشتری دارد. متأسفانه رودخانهها گاهی به عنوان مکانی برای تخلیه فاضلاب در نظر گرفته می شوند. به همین دلیل آلودگی رودخانهها به یکی از مهمترین مسائل و مشکلات در محیط زیست تبدیل شده است. معادله حاکم بر انتشار آلودگی در رودخانه ها، معادله انتقال و پخش است که از نوع معادلات دیفرانسیل جزئی میباشد. این معادله از پرکاربرد ترین معادلات در مهندسی سیالات مخصوصا مهندسی آب میباشد و به صورت کلی معادله حرکت نامیده میشود. در توسعه مدل های کامپیوتری جهت شبیه سازی انتشار آلودگی در آبراهه ها علاوه بر حل عددی معادله حرکت، نیاز به پیش بینی ضریب پخشیدگی نیز میباشد. برای محاسبه ضریب پخش فرمول های تجربی فراوانی ارائه شده است که ارزیابی این روابط نشان می دهد اکثر این معادلات دارای دقت مطلوب نمی باشد. به همین جهت استفاده از روش های هوش مصنوعی اجتناب ناپذیر است. در این مقاله برای گسسته سازی معادله حرکت از روش حجم محدود استفاده و برای تخمین ضریب پخشیدگی شبکه عصبی تطبیقی (ANFIS) توسعه داده شده است. نتایج مدل ANFIS توسعه داده شده نشان می دهد که مدل تهیه شده در مراحل مختلف توسعه مانند آموزش و آزمایش برای تخمین ضریب پخشیدگی از توانایی بسیار مناسبی برخوردار می باشد( و ) بعد از توسعه مدل هوش مصنوعی به توسعه کلی مدل کامپیوتری پرداخته شده است دقت مدل کامپیوتری با حل تحلیلی معادله حرکت و همچنین داده های مشاهداتی رودخانه سورن در انگلستان مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. مقایسه نتایج مدل ارائه شده با دادهای اندازه گیری شده رودخانه سورن در ایستگاه های مورد مطالعه به ترتیب دارای دقتی( و و ) می باشد. نتایج کلی نشان می دهد که مدل کامپیوتری توسعه داده شده از توانایی بسیار مناسبی جهت شبیه سازی انتشار نیز آلودگی در رودخانه ها برخوردار میباشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Goal Programming for Production in Fiber Intermediate Production Company
Hossein Ostadi Iman AjripourTo development and survival, organizations need to make the optimal decision for their resources. With regard to the organization goals, determining the quantity and composition of products have been the main concerns of managers in recent years. Therefore, goal program MoreTo development and survival, organizations need to make the optimal decision for their resources. With regard to the organization goals, determining the quantity and composition of products have been the main concerns of managers in recent years. Therefore, goal programming can be used for solving these problems with multiple and sometimes conflicting objectives. In this paper, it is tried to calculate the planning amount of two productions (liquid and solid Dimethyl terephthalate (DMT)) with regard to the FIPCO's goal limitations. After determining limits and priorities of the goals, the objective function was cleared. Then Lexicography technique and Iterative approach were applied to solve the model. After analyzing outputs, the amount of two productions, liquid, and solid Dimethyl terephthalate will respectively decrease 3% and increase 21% compared to the initial planning amount. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Ranking the Appropriate Methods of Technology Transfer in Arak Petrochemical Complex
Bahare Karbasian Tahmoorth Sohrabi -
Open Access Article
74 - Investigating the mechanism of monetary policy transmission in the short term with the approach of Islamic wisdom, relying on a structural vector auto regression model in Iran
Mahshid Tabatabaie zavareh beitollah akbari moghadam Farhad GhaffariIn this research, attempts have been made to identify the characteristics and distinctive features of Islamic banking compared to conventional banking by studying the theoretical framework of Islamic banking literature. Subsequently, by focusing on each characteristic, MoreIn this research, attempts have been made to identify the characteristics and distinctive features of Islamic banking compared to conventional banking by studying the theoretical framework of Islamic banking literature. Subsequently, by focusing on each characteristic, their relevant indicators were designed and introduced.Purpose: The purpose of this article is to investigate the effects of monetary policy through monetary transmission channels (interest channel, exchange rate channel, credit channel and expectations channel) in the short term during the period of 1386Q1 - 1396Q4.Methodology: Using the structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model, the effects of monetary policy were investigated through channels.Findings: The experimental results obtained from the estimation of the relationships between the variables using the SVAR approach based on statistical data show that in the short term the exchange rate channel is the most effective one in the transmission of monetary policy in a way that the expectations variable has the most effect on this channel. After the exchange rate channel, the expectations channel and the credits and interest rate channel have the most impact in the short term, respectively.Conclusion: By examining the relative importance of monetary transfer channels, we can point out the principle that with the passage of time, the effectiveness of the channels will change. Accordingly, with price shocks, the expectations channel has the most impact in the short term. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Measuring the potential of innovative e- collaborative writing technology to enhance writing and creativity in discourse management through negotiation of meaning and form
zohre Mohamadi Farid GhaemiGoals: This study is an investigation of innovative technology in writing skill. To this end, the potential of a designed innovative e-collaborative writing website with unique features in creating opportunities in improving writing ability, fostering creativity in mana MoreGoals: This study is an investigation of innovative technology in writing skill. To this end, the potential of a designed innovative e-collaborative writing website with unique features in creating opportunities in improving writing ability, fostering creativity in managing discourse through negotiation of form (NOF) and negotiation of meaning (NOM) in comparison with collaborative writing of Iranian learners . Method: 60 Iranian intermediate EFL learners' writing performances in two writing modalities were analyzed with respect to their potential in increasing writing achievement scores and creating a medium for NOM and NOF were analyzed. Data were collected through pretest/posttest measures, conversation and log analysis of form and meaning negotiations in collaborative and e-collaborative writing and open coding of student reflective essays. Results: Multivariate analysis of co-variance and chi-square analysis indicated that learners had higher writing scores and negotiation of meaning and form in e-collaborative Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Numerical and Statistical Evaluation of Squeezing Potential of West Kermanshah Tunnel Convey
Vahed Ghiasi ALI GodarihematIn this paper, based on the results of experimental and analytical methods, crushed zone and gurpy rocks masses were identified as the squeezing sections. Then crushed zone and gurpy sections creep parameters at the Bruger model were obtained in the laboratory. Then cru MoreIn this paper, based on the results of experimental and analytical methods, crushed zone and gurpy rocks masses were identified as the squeezing sections. Then crushed zone and gurpy sections creep parameters at the Bruger model were obtained in the laboratory. Then crushed zone and gurpy sections modelling using the software Flac2D with burgers model for 30 days (long-term) were performed. Our numerical modelling results show the large displacements due to very low quality of the rock mass and high overburden in this sections of the tunnel. The results of the numerical modelling in the short-term, that TBM shield would be stuck in this section of tunnel. Also modeling this section in the long-term showed that stability and not seen failure of the segmental support system. But effect squeezing in two sections is not critical. Among the important phenomena that makes problem for tunneling, support and tunnel usage is squeezing which is a type of problems that takes place in weak rocks. Squeezing of the rock is time dependent large convergence, which occurs around the tunnel, and is essentially associated with creep caused by exceeding limiting shear strength. Squeezing is one of the important phenomena in the tunneling industry so drilling in the squeezing cases can be causing serious problems. Predicting the amount of displacement, radial strain, shear strain and plastic zone increment as functions of the squeezing degree resonator factors is one of the basic needs in drilling and tunnel maintenance. Squeezing is behavior that related with weak rock mass deformation and strength properties. This phenomenon is associated with large deformations and time dependent convergence during tunnel excavation. It takes place when a particular combination of induced stresses and material properties pushes some zones around the tunnel beyond the limiting shear stress at which creep starts. Deformation may terminate during construction or continue over a long period of time. West Kermanshah tunnel conveyance (WKTC), with about 8550 meters long and 6.884 m in diameter in the west of Iran is located in Kermanshah province. Mainly parts of the tunnel pass through weak rock make is including types of argillaceous, sandstone and shale, with high 570 meters overburden and will be probably under squeezing condition. Duets in this project the effect of experimental methods, analytical and semi-analytical are evaluated. Then critical section of the squeezing potential presented and finally numerical modelling of this phenomenon is done. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Environmental risk assessment of gas pipeline using the kent muhlbauer method
Mohsen Goudarzi Hamid Reza Jafari Saeid GivehchiThe purpose of this study is using reformed muhlbauer method in order to evaluate the pipeline environmentalrisk levels. In this method, the total index represents the hazard probability and the leakage factor represents theimpact intensity. The final risk score is obta MoreThe purpose of this study is using reformed muhlbauer method in order to evaluate the pipeline environmentalrisk levels. In this method, the total index represents the hazard probability and the leakage factor represents theimpact intensity. The final risk score is obtained by dividing the total score into leakage factor. 32 % of thepipelines contain very high risk and 11 % of the pipelines contain high risk. Medium risk belongs to 23 % of thepipelines and 34 % of the pipelines contain low risk. According to the results of kent malhauber method, themost important risk factor in this study is the High activity levels, low depth of coverage, lack of adequateeducation about the risks of pipelines to nearby residents, the lack of emergency messaging system, Intersectionwith multiple faults, Urban tissue, Population density and Valuable areas Like the National Natural. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - The Effect of Number of Steps on the Performance of a Cascade Type Solar Still
Nader Rahbar فاطمه علی پناهThe purpose of this study is to simulate fluid flow in a weir-type cascade solar still, assuming steady-state and air being the ideal gas and incompressible. The commercial software FLUENT is used for numerical simulation of the process. SIMPLE algorithm is used to calc MoreThe purpose of this study is to simulate fluid flow in a weir-type cascade solar still, assuming steady-state and air being the ideal gas and incompressible. The commercial software FLUENT is used for numerical simulation of the process. SIMPLE algorithm is used to calculate the relationship between pressure and velocity. In addition, first order upwind method is applied for separation of displacement and interpolation of pressure. Numerical simulations are performed for Solar Still with four to ten and also with twelve steps. Results of investigations on a Solar Still with different number of steps, in which the height of the steps is constant value of 2 cm, show that increasing the number of steps causes to increase water production up to eight steps. Furthermore, the highest rate of water production was 232 ml/m3hr for solar still with eight steps. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Effect of Obstacles Geometry on Temperature Variations of a Flowing Fluid in an Open Channel – Experimental Investigation and Numerical Modelling
نادر رهبر Mahdi Hamzei Siavash Zabeti-JahromiIn this paper the effect of placing various obstacles on heat transfer between the air and water in an open channel was investigated. For this purpose, seven different obstacles were placed into the water while incorporating underwater aeration and forced air movement o MoreIn this paper the effect of placing various obstacles on heat transfer between the air and water in an open channel was investigated. For this purpose, seven different obstacles were placed into the water while incorporating underwater aeration and forced air movement on the water, to measure input and output water temperatures at eleven different flow rates. The results indicated that placing an obstacle in the channel is associated with an increase in heat transfer from the water. Furthermore, the highest rate of heat transfer was achieved when there was a forced convection of air on water. Under natural convection, the highest rate of heat transfer was observed for the turbulent flow up to middle of the channel, while under forced convection, it was observed in forced air movement on water surface. Also in this research, open channel flow was numerically simulated in Fluent software via RSM model. A Comparison between the numerical results and experimental data may indicate the ability of Fluent software in accurate flow simulation in the open channel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Numerical Study on the Effect of dimension of Steps on the Performance of a Cascade Solar Still
Nader Rahbar فاطمه علی پناهThe purpose The purpose of this study is to simulate fluid flow in a weir-type cascade solar still, assuming steady-state and air being the ideal gas and incompressible. The commercial software FLUENT is used for numerical simulation of the process. SIMPLE algorithm is MoreThe purpose The purpose of this study is to simulate fluid flow in a weir-type cascade solar still, assuming steady-state and air being the ideal gas and incompressible. The commercial software FLUENT is used for numerical simulation of the process. SIMPLE algorithm is used to calculate the relationship between pressure and velocity. In addition, first order upwind method is applied for separation of displacement and interpolation of pressure. The effective parameters on unit productivity are the distance between glass surface and water, height of solar still, the number of vortexes and convective heat transfer coefficient. Results of investigations on a Solar Still with different height of steps, indicated that the productivity increases with increasing the height of stairs. Although, it should be noted that in each model with specific number of stairs there is an upward-downward trend; in other words, there is an optimum point in each model with specific number of stairs. Also, the still in the specific model of six-stairs with the height of 3.5 cm of stairs had maximum productivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Experimental studies on the convective heat transfer of MgO–water nanofluid
mohammad ghavidel Seyfolah SaedodinThe present study aimed to investigate the convective heat transfer coefficient of nanofluids containing magnesium oxide nanoparticles in water-based fluid in the exchanger plates have been carried out. Tests on the volume fraction of (0.005, 0.01, 0.015and 0.02) were u MoreThe present study aimed to investigate the convective heat transfer coefficient of nanofluids containing magnesium oxide nanoparticles in water-based fluid in the exchanger plates have been carried out. Tests on the volume fraction of (0.005, 0.01, 0.015and 0.02) were used in this study have Ast.nanvzrh which has a diameter of 20 nm. Also the results show that with increasing fraction nanofluid volume, heat transfer coefficient and thus increases the heat transfer. Also heat transfer nanofluids% increase in volume fraction of 0.02 to 0.005 respectively 52% and 4.3% is on. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Designing and Manufacturing of Test Set Up for Rapid Crack Propagation Test with Experimental Measurement of Tip Crack Growth Speed in Transmission pipes
Sayed Mahmoud Madani Mohammadreza Forouzan Ali Reza SalehianGas and liquid transmission is a routine activity in the oil industry, powerhouses, petrochemicals and nuclear industries. The pipes are exposed to micro cracks in the inner and outer surface due to factors like corrosion and fatigue in the manufacturing process. If the MoreGas and liquid transmission is a routine activity in the oil industry, powerhouses, petrochemicals and nuclear industries. The pipes are exposed to micro cracks in the inner and outer surface due to factors like corrosion and fatigue in the manufacturing process. If the aligned cracks are all over, the rapid crack growth phenomenon occurs. In this case, crack will grow at high speed along the pipe axis. In this research that has been conducted for the first time in the country, the measurement of the growth rate of the crack tip is done in two ways: High-Speed camera and timing wire system in the seamless aluminum 6063-T5 pipes. The bursting pressure of the specimens with the initial crack depth of 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 mm are 70, 65 and 58 bar. The resulting growth rates in High-Speed camera and timing wire system is about 120 to 132 and 120 to 126 m/s. The qualitative results of this research matches well with other researches in this field in other journals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Analysis of Bifurcation and Chaos in Nonlinear Gear System with Backlash, Static Transmission Error and Time Varying Stiffness
Anoshirvan Farshidianfar Amin Saghafi Iman SaghafiIn this paper, nonlinear vibrations of gear systems are discussed. A gear model, considering backlash, static transmission error and time varying stiffness, is represented. Nonlinear characteristics of the system such as periodic response, bifurcation and chaos in the m MoreIn this paper, nonlinear vibrations of gear systems are discussed. A gear model, considering backlash, static transmission error and time varying stiffness, is represented. Nonlinear characteristics of the system such as periodic response, bifurcation and chaos in the model are investigated. In addition, the Incremental Harmonic Balance (IHB) method is extended to analyze the nonlinear dynamics of the gear system. IHB as an analytical method is used to calculate the periodic solutions of the system. The results are verified by comparing them with the results of numerical methods. Also time response, Poincare map and phase plane are presented for comparison and a better understanding of the system’s behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Determination of the optimal path of power transmission lines using fuzzy logic and hierarchical model in Yazd Regional Electric Company According to the new routing guidelines of Tavanir, a case study of Mohammad Abad Line
hasan salehi vaziri seied ali almodaresiThe construction of power lines is one of the most important concerns of the electricity industry in the country. The cost of building these lines on the one hand and the interaction of environmental factors on these lines on the other hand has led to different paramete MoreThe construction of power lines is one of the most important concerns of the electricity industry in the country. The cost of building these lines on the one hand and the interaction of environmental factors on these lines on the other hand has led to different parameters in the routing of these lines. All of these parameters are directly related to the location of the transmission towers and equipment. GIS has various capabilities, including the ability to retrieve, retrieve, update, display, process and analyze reference location information, thus providing a suitable platform in which to define different conditions and parameters as information layers. And, based on the patterns defined by different experts, it was combined and achieved the desired results. The design and implementation of a suitable route in accordance with the natural and environmental conditions and the evaluation and comparison of the designed route with the existing and operating route (Muhammad Abad Line) is the main objective of this research. In this research, in order to find the optimal path between two points of interest, the fuzzy inference model is first obtained using suitable points for rig installation and cost map. The AHP method was also used to weight the factors. Then using the Cost Path function the optimal path between two points is obtained. Also, in order to integrate the information, the weighting method to fuzzy inference rules was evaluated. Finally, the fuzzy gamma model was selected as the best model in the latter method and it was used for routing between Yazd I Post and T-OFF site of Mohammad Abad. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Evaluation and analysis of high voltage power lines in Semnan city using aerial photography
Ehsan Kashi pardis raofi Negin Nikbakht Niayesh JalilpourIn the electricity industry, the privacy of power lines is the hypothetical range on either side of the power transmission line that is determined in order to maintain the lines for the continuity of power supply and also to prevent human damage caused by electricity ra MoreIn the electricity industry, the privacy of power lines is the hypothetical range on either side of the power transmission line that is determined in order to maintain the lines for the continuity of power supply and also to prevent human damage caused by electricity radiation. Respect for this privacy is essential for all individuals. The privacy of power lines is technically derived from three factors: magnetic, mechanical and electrical, and the amount and method of determining the privacy of power transmission lines in different countries is different, and in each country different distances are set according to the factors involved in determining privacy. In Iran, the amount of privacy of power transmission and distribution lines is determined based on the approval No. 29052 dated 8/10/1347. In this article, using the rules and executive instructions of the power transmission line route, the condition of the towers as well as the observance of the relevant boundaries in the study area of Semnan city has been studied. The results show that in terms of privacy, most of the power towers in the study area are in relatively good condition. Examples of the reviewed documents, including privacy and non-compliance, have been provided along with the relevant maps to eliminate intrusion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Effects of Acute Motor Restraint Stress on the Expression of Znt1, Znt2, Znt3, and Znt4 Genes Expression in Hippocampus of Male Rats
Maede Nilechi Akram Eidi Hamid Galehdari Mahnaz KesmatiStress is mentioned as a common problem in daily life. Disrupting the homeostasis of metal elements such as zinc in the central nervous system, stress causes diseases or dysfunction of various tissues. Zinc plays an important role in the function of vital organs, especi MoreStress is mentioned as a common problem in daily life. Disrupting the homeostasis of metal elements such as zinc in the central nervous system, stress causes diseases or dysfunction of various tissues. Zinc plays an important role in the function of vital organs, especially the central nervous system. Disorders of zinc homeostasis in turn lead to the development or progression of diseases such as Alzheimer's, depression, learning disabilities, and ischemia. Zinc transporters (ZnT) and ZIP proteins maintain Zinc homeostasis in the live organisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acute motor restraint stress on the expression of Znt1, Znt2, Znt3, and Znt4 genes in the hippocampus of rats as one of the tissues with high zinc density. Adult male rats were divided into groups of control and stress. RNA was extracted from hippocampal tissue and changes in the expression of Znt1, Znt2, Znt3 and Znt4 genes were monitored by real-time PCR. The results showed that due to stress induction, Znt1 gene expression increased significantly and no significant changes were observed in the expression of other studied genes. Identifying those zinc transporter genes that are altered by stress can make it possible to find a cure for stress by regulating zinc levels in the body through Zinc-containing drugs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Thermal performance enhancement of latent heat storage system using wavy fins and change in tube geometry
Rahman Hamid zahra mehrdoostIn this work, thermal performance improvement of the latent heat energy storage system using wavy fins and change in the heat transfer fluid tube geometry is numerically investigated. The investigated system is a shell and tube heat exchanger and RT35 paraffin is used a MoreIn this work, thermal performance improvement of the latent heat energy storage system using wavy fins and change in the heat transfer fluid tube geometry is numerically investigated. The investigated system is a shell and tube heat exchanger and RT35 paraffin is used as the phase change material. With the constant total cross-section area of the tube and fins as well as the volume of the phase change material, the effect of heat transfer fluid tube shape and the designed fin on the melting process of the phase change material is investigated. Numerical simulation results show that wavy fins accelerate the phase change process compared to conventional straight fins. The complete melting time of the phase change material is reduced by 9.33% compared to the straight fin. Changing the geometry of the heat transfer fluid tube from the circle to the petal shape is proposed to further improve the thermal performance of the latent heat energy storage system. The melting rate of the phase change material increases with the increase in the number of petals. The complete melting time for the tube with seven petals is reduced by 66.7% compared to the circular tube with wavy fins and 69.8% compared to the base case with straight fins. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - An Analysis of Adult Education: Determining the Rate of Literacy Sustainability in Accepted Transition Course Trainees
rafigh hasaniAbstract : The present study aims to investigate literacy stability rate among the trainees admitted to the transition course. The methodology is quasi-experimental with pre-tests and post-tests for one group. Total 165 trainees were selected out of the total trainees w MoreAbstract : The present study aims to investigate literacy stability rate among the trainees admitted to the transition course. The methodology is quasi-experimental with pre-tests and post-tests for one group. Total 165 trainees were selected out of the total trainees who had been admitted to the course, and their pass marks were considered pre-tests. Later, post-tests were administered to the selected trainees. Data collection instruments were achievement tests on mathematics, essay writing, sentence writing and spelling. The contents of all the tests were based on previously administered standard tests, with their content reliability measured by educational experts. The findings show that there is a significant difference between the results of the pre-tests and post-tests, which, in turn, indicates that the trainees had already forgotten approximately 15% of the learned content. The findings also show that there is a significant difference between the results of the pre-tests and post-tests on mathematics, which, in turn, indicates that the trainees had already forgotten approximately 38% of the learned content. Furthermore, the findings show that there is a significant difference between the results of pre-tests and post-tests on spelling, which, in turn, indicates that the trainees had already forgotten approximately 8% of the learned content. However, the difference between the results of the pre-tests and post-tests on essay writing and sentence writing were not significant. The findings of the present study point to the necessity of implementing appropriate planning and adopting useful strategies to address trainees’ needs after they complete the course. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Comparison of the pattern of organizing and lecturing in Increase retention and extension of transmission and its relationship with performance Fourth grade primary school female students in Shiraz.
S.Z Shahnemati حجت اله Fani -
Open Access Article
90 - Studying the structural model of psychological nerve skills of executive actions in academic performance of students with special learning disorder
hadi taghizadeh amanollah soltani hamdollah manzari zahra zienoldiniDue to the fact that the factors affecting the knowledge of the specific learning disorder are very little considered, the necessity of identifying and studying the actions in the particular learning disorder is felt moreThe aim of the study was to investigate the role MoreDue to the fact that the factors affecting the knowledge of the specific learning disorder are very little considered, the necessity of identifying and studying the actions in the particular learning disorder is felt moreThe aim of the study was to investigate the role of executive functions (transfer, retention, update, continuous operation and Planning Organization) in predicting the performance of students with learning disabilities were learning. For this study, 116 primary school students with learning disabilities were selected by random sampling. Measuring instruments used in this study include: WCST, Stroop complex task, Tower of London, working memory test and CPT. To be independent variables predicting academic performance through research and variance explanation of academic performance LISREL structural equation modeling was used. The results showed that among the executive functions, variable response inhibition and working memory more contributions in predicting academic performance of students with learning disabilities in reading, writing and math are. Conclusion: executive functions response inhibition, working memory as a cognitive activity in learning reading, writing and mathematics is essential. Thus, according to the capacity of working memory and response inhibition learners efficient process design and provide training and educational materials that the ultimate goal of all of them create, expand or facilitate learning, provide positive effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Effect of Zeolite and Mycorrhiza Application on Physiological, Yield, Yield Components of Soybean and Accumulation of Lead under Soil Polluted with Lead
Zivar Haidarpour Saremi Mashallah Daneshvar Omid Ali Akbarpour Afsaneh Aali Nejadian BidabadiOne of the important environment pollutants can cited to element lead (Pb) that effected on absorption of nutrients in plants. This investigation was conducted in order study effect zeolite and Mycorrhiza on quality and quantity soyben plant on soil polluted with Pb in MoreOne of the important environment pollutants can cited to element lead (Pb) that effected on absorption of nutrients in plants. This investigation was conducted in order study effect zeolite and Mycorrhiza on quality and quantity soyben plant on soil polluted with Pb in greenhouse Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lorestan. The experiment was carried basic factorial in from to random completly design with three repeat. Treatments were incloud; Mycorrhiza fungus in two level (control and application Mycorrhiza) and zeolite in three level (0, 5% and 10% W/W). Soil’s all plots were polluted with concentration 200 mg/kg Pb (NO3)2. Result this investigation indicued, exept height plant, number grain per pod, number pod per plant and number of branches that influenced by main effect Mycorrhiza and zeolite, in other traits intraction was significant. Application zeolite 10% with Mycorrhiza resulted improve LAI (84%), catalase (150%), superoxide dismutase (220%), 1000 grain-weight (51%), grain yield (94%), biological yield (51%) and harvest index (34%) and decreased accumulation of lead in root (43%) and shoot (44%), TF(75%) and BCF in root (43%) and shoot (43%). Heighest grain yield (3609 kg.ha-1) and biological yield (9026 kg.ha-1) was obtained from use Simultaneous zeolite 10% and Mycorrhiza. Overall application Mycorrhiza and zeolite in addition to decline effects heavy metals in the soil and improve quantitative and qualitative yield of the product can be effective in phytoremediation of heavy metals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - ارتقا عملکرد کلامی از طریق پرسشگری تلفیقی: ایا برای انتقال پذیری فرا حوزه ای یادگیری موثر واقع میشود؟
محمد رضا ملاحسینی داود مشهدی حیدربا توجه به اهمیت و ماهیت دشوار مهارت گفتاری زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان بیگانه و نیز به دلیل فقدان وجود اتفاق نظر در خصوص پذیرش و یا رد مفهوم قابلیت انتقال پذیری یادگیری پژوهش حاضربه ارایه مدلی ابداعی جهت تدریس مهارت های شناختی بر مبنای پرسشگری تلفیقی به منظور ارتقای مها Moreبا توجه به اهمیت و ماهیت دشوار مهارت گفتاری زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان بیگانه و نیز به دلیل فقدان وجود اتفاق نظر در خصوص پذیرش و یا رد مفهوم قابلیت انتقال پذیری یادگیری پژوهش حاضربه ارایه مدلی ابداعی جهت تدریس مهارت های شناختی بر مبنای پرسشگری تلفیقی به منظور ارتقای مهارت گفتاری پرداخته است. این مدل متشکل از شش مرحله بوده و یک محیط اموزشی فعل و انفعالی غنی را خلق می کند تا به ارزیابی کارامدی ان در ارتقای مهارت کلامی زبان اموزان بیگانه زبان انگلیسی و نیز اثرات انتقالی بین حوزه ای ان بپردازد.بدین منظور عملکرد شصت شرکت کننده در این پژوهش در جریان اجرای درسکار روایی شفاهی قبل و پس از دوره مداخله سیزده جلسه ای مورد مقایسه و بررسی قرار گرفت.تدریس گروه تجربی با بهره گیری از مدل ابداعی تلفیقی بوده در حالی که گروه کنترل از روش تدریس مجزای سنتی برخوردار بودند.نتایج حاصله از ازمون تی مستقل حاکی از انست که مداخله اعمال شده در گروه تجربی تاثیر مثبت داشته است چراکه انها در مقایسه با گروه کنترل در زمینه پیچیدگی دستوری و لغوی مهارت گفتاری عملکرد بهتری از خود نشان دادند اگرچه این نکته در زمینه صحت توصیف گفتاری صدق نمیکند.همچنین یافته های این پژوهش بیانگر انست که اثرات مثبت مداخله ابداعی پرسشگری به عملکرد شرکت کنندگان در اجرای یک درسکار متاخر در حوزه ای ورای محیط اموزشی زبان اموزی منتقل شده است هر چند این انتقال پذیری یادگیری در مورد همه معیارهای سنجش مهارت کلامی شرکت کنندگان مشهود نیست. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Legal and Jurisprudential Analysis of the Barriers in Transferring Author's Moral Rights
Ali Amininezhad Seyyed Hossein SafaeiIn This study, the transfer of author's moral rights will be considered in legal and jurisprudence's point of view. Despite evidence of possibility for the transfer of author's economic rights, the possibility for transfer of moral rights is doubtful. To find the correc MoreIn This study, the transfer of author's moral rights will be considered in legal and jurisprudence's point of view. Despite evidence of possibility for the transfer of author's economic rights, the possibility for transfer of moral rights is doubtful. To find the correct answer, first of all we tried to identify and analyze conceptions of RIGHT, AUTHOR, and types of transfer and then we will consider barriers of transfer of this type of rights from legal and jurisprudence's point of view. Generally, legislators are opposed to the optional transfer of moral rights as they suppose it as one's integral part of author's personality. Islamic jurists besides their opposition of authors' optional transfer of moral rights announced their opposition because of lies and frauds occurrence in the issue. Authors believed that attention to the target oriented jurisprudence and understanding the nature of emerging issues helps to a correct analysis; authors believe that the barriers on transfer of the right has been well criticized and analyzed here. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - The comparative effect of selenium nanoparticles and sodium selenite supplementation in transitional period on serum thyroxin level of neonatal lambs
Vahid Tabatabaei Gholamali Kojouri Afshin Jafari Abdonaser MohebiThe objective of the present study was to study the comparative effect of administering selenium nanoparticles and sodium selenite in pregnant ewes on the blood serum levels of thyroxin in newly born lambs. For this purpose, twenty, four-month pregnant ewes within the s MoreThe objective of the present study was to study the comparative effect of administering selenium nanoparticles and sodium selenite in pregnant ewes on the blood serum levels of thyroxin in newly born lambs. For this purpose, twenty, four-month pregnant ewes within the same age were used. During the 21 days leading up to birth, supplementation of selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) with dosages of 0.05 and 0.10 mg/kg B.W. were respectively fed to treatment groups 1 and 2. And supplementation with sodium selenite with dosage of 0.1 mg/kg B.W. was fed to treatment group 3. At the same time the control group was fed distilled water in equal volume. The ewes were monitored under accurate laboratory and clinical examination until the time of delivery. Neonatal lamb serum thyroxin level was measured at the day zero (birth day) and also at the 7th day. The results indicated that serum thyroxin level of neonatal lambs of treated groups 1 and 3, decreased significantly at 7 days' age in comparison to the birth day (p values less than 0.006 and 0.001, respectively). Results also showed that serum thyroxin level of group 2 offspring lambs on the day 0 was significantly less than that in group 1 (p=0.003). It was concluded that the physiological function of selenium nanoparticles was dose dependent, and the 0.05 mg/kg B.W. dosage of Se NPs induced similar effects like 0.1 mg/Kg B.W. of sodium selenite, which resulted in increasing serum level of thyroxin at the day of birth. Conflict of interest: None declared. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Comparison of apoptosis in canine transmissible veneral tumor (TVT) pre and post chemotraoy with vincristine sulphate
یوسف Doustar داریوش Mohajeri رامین Kafash ElahiThe canine transmissible veneral tumor (CTVT) is a prevalent tumor in canidae. It is transmitted by coitus, forming multiple neoplastic masses on the external genitalia of both sexes within the family canidae. CTVT have an aberrant karyotype and the origin of the neopla MoreThe canine transmissible veneral tumor (CTVT) is a prevalent tumor in canidae. It is transmitted by coitus, forming multiple neoplastic masses on the external genitalia of both sexes within the family canidae. CTVT have an aberrant karyotype and the origin of the neoplastic cells is undetermined but immunophenotyping suggests that the tumor has a histocytic origin. In this study 10 dogs with canine transmissible veneral tumor were selected and received vincristine sulphate (0.025 mg/kg/b.w) chemotrapy to induce apoptosis in neoplastic cells. Biopsy specimens were collected from tumors during the growth phase, before and again after chemotherapy from the same dogs. The specimens were fixed in 10% formalin and then prepared routinely for H&E and TUNEL assays. Histopathological study of tissue section of CTVT before chemotherapy revealed sheets of uniform neoplastic cells, round to oval in shape with defined cytoplasmic border. There were a few TUNEL positive cells and mitotic figures. In tumor specimens after chemotherapy increased TUNEL positive cells and depilation of neoplastic cells in stroma of tumor were observed. Mean deference of histopathological changes and TUNEL positive cells before and after chemotherapy were significant (p<0.003). This study indicates that vincristine sulphate is capable of induction of apoptosis in neoplastic cells of CTVT. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Investigating Factors Affecting the Successful Transfer of Screw Compressor Industry Technology in Iranian Companies
Majid Bagerzadeh Jalal MeftahiTechnology transfer and adoption is a complex issue in the third world which, from scientific as well as cultural, political and economical aspects, has involved not only the developing countries but also many of the Western research communities and international organi MoreTechnology transfer and adoption is a complex issue in the third world which, from scientific as well as cultural, political and economical aspects, has involved not only the developing countries but also many of the Western research communities and international organizations for years. The present research investigates the success rate of technology transfer of Screw Compressor industry in Iranian companies. The research is applied from the viewpoint of research objective, but it is descriptive from the viewpoint of methodology. In order to collect data, a researcher-devised questionnaire has been used. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the experts, and Cronbach's Alpha was used to confirm the reliability of the questions (α = 0.81). The research population consists of the managers of the companies that have transferred Screw Compressor technology in Iran, totaling 20 companies. Techniques of descriptive statistics including frequency table as well as inferential statistics including mean, standard deviation, variance analysis test (ANOVA) and the Duncan's grouping were used to analyze the data. The results show that 78.9 percent of the subjects have cited the role of management and the country's economic conditions, 57.89 percent have cited the effect of the country's environmental situation, 73 percent have cited the role of human resources (experts and technical staff), and 84.21 percent have cited the role of research and development as the main factor in the success or failure of the technology transfer. The average of management factor is 4.1, the research and development factor is 4, the environmental situation factor is 3.7, the economic condition factor is 3.8, and the average of human resources factor is 4.2. The Anova test indicated that there is a significant difference among the factors affecting the success of the technology transfer of Screw compressor industry in Iran. In other words, Duncan's grouping indicated that the management, research and development, and human resources factors have a greater and more significant effect than the environmental situation and economic condition factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - The Effect of Information and Communication Technology on Improving the business circumstances Indicators in Countries (A mechanism to improve productivity)
Kazem Amjadi Ehsan ShafeeiLow foreign and domestic investment, double digit inflation andunemployment rates, massive imports, small share of total tax revenuesto GDP. Are all indicants of inappropriate business circumstances in thecountry? There is a need to distinguish the effective factors to MoreLow foreign and domestic investment, double digit inflation andunemployment rates, massive imports, small share of total tax revenuesto GDP. Are all indicants of inappropriate business circumstances in thecountry? There is a need to distinguish the effective factors to improvethese circumstances. In regard to the main aim of the study, tenhypotheses have been proposed. The research method was an applieddescriptive survey. The population of the study consisted of all thecountries which their data related to ICT and business circumstancesindicators are in common with the World Bank data base. The results ofthe study showed that ICT had a positive effect on starting a business,registering and transferring properties, subscription electricity, gettingcredit and paying tax easily. The effect of ICT on construction licensee,backing the small share holders, extraterritorial business, binding bondsand bankruptcy have not been verified Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Corporate governance based on Information technology governance
Mehdi zeynaliIn companies, the central control authority is the board of directors. The board of directors is a group of managers who oversee the overall operations of the company. Board oversight ensures that the company complies with national and corporate laws and regulations. Th MoreIn companies, the central control authority is the board of directors. The board of directors is a group of managers who oversee the overall operations of the company. Board oversight ensures that the company complies with national and corporate laws and regulations. The board of directors controls and directs the activities and processes of the company to ensure the sustainability and survival of the company. Information Technology Governance (ITG) is the process of managing and controlling key IT capability decisions to improve IT governance, ensure compliance, and increase the value of IT technology investments. IT governance is centered around ensuring that the organization understands how IT decisions impact business value creation. The purpose of this review research is to review the corporate governance literature with the information technology governance approach and provide a model for the establishment of information technology governance in the power transmission industry as one of the effective factors on corporate governance. The review of the research background and the case study in the power transmission industry showed that the need for supervision has caused the information technology governance to be included in the corporate governance codes and practices in order to strengthen corporate governance by creating real time reporting and information transparency. provide for investors to enter this industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Modeling ice and snow accretion for designing power lines (case study: Baladeh Nur)
Golamali Ahmadi Golamreza Janbaz Ghobadi Sadrodin Motavali Shahriar KhalediWith the development of urban and rural areas, specifically in the foothills and mountainous areas of West Mazandaran province, electricity supply has become a necessity today. On the other hand, due to the massive climate changes in recent decades, which in turn has ca MoreWith the development of urban and rural areas, specifically in the foothills and mountainous areas of West Mazandaran province, electricity supply has become a necessity today. On the other hand, due to the massive climate changes in recent decades, which in turn has caused sudden snow and freezing in this region, the map of snow and ice loads that has been developed previously by the Ministry of Energy is not applicable anymore, or has not been reviewed for many newly developed urban and rural areas. Therefore, in this research, we try to calculate snow and ice loads by using the latest data, meteorological statistics and statistical methods for the design of electricity transmission lines. For this purpose, by using meteorological data (from 2005 to2018) for Baladeh area and using simulation method provided by laboratory and engineering institute of cold regions (CCREL), the program is applied to calculate the amount of ice thickness in Excel environment. They were written at two heights of 10 and 35 meter (average height of the cables) and then the histograms were plotted using the Smada software. In this research, the statistical parameter of ice load has been investigated in the multi-year return periods for the mountainous area of Baladeh as one of the most important loadings on the transmission tower. Finally, nominal values with different return periods are proposed. The results showed that for the design of power transmission lines with a return period of less than 50 years, the region of Baladeh is a heavy region, and with the return period of more than 50 years, it is a super-heavy region (in accordance with the code).In this research, the statistical parameter of ice load has been investigated in the multi-year return periods for the mountainous area of Baladeh as one of the most important loadings on the transmission tower. Finally, nominal values with different return periods are proposed. The results showed that for the design of power transmission lines with a return period of less than 50 years, the region of Baladeh is a heavy region, and with the return period of more than 50 years, it is a super-heavy region (in accordance with the code). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - ارزیابی اثرات طبیعی و انسانی انتقال آب سد گاوشان بر دشت میان دربند در استان کرمانشاه
امجد ملکی مریم رحمتی خورشیدیهدف ­این پژوهش بررسی اثرات طبیعی و­انسانی کانال انتقال آب سد گاوشان بر­دشت میان ­دربند­ در­استان کرمانشاه می­باشد. بدین منظور ­ابتدا دادههای پیزومتری سطح­آب زیرزمینی ­از­ سال­۱۳۹۲-۱۳۷٠­ ارزیابی و نقشه تغییرات سطح ایست Moreهدف ­این پژوهش بررسی اثرات طبیعی و­انسانی کانال انتقال آب سد گاوشان بر­دشت میان ­دربند­ در­استان کرمانشاه می­باشد. بدین منظور ­ابتدا دادههای پیزومتری سطح­آب زیرزمینی ­از­ سال­۱۳۹۲-۱۳۷٠­ ارزیابی و نقشه تغییرات سطح ایستابی در­ بازه­ زمانی ۲۲ ساله تهیه گردید. میزان تغییرات مورفولوژی رودخانه رازآور به واسطه­ تغییرات دبی از محل دریافت آب ­از کانال نیز با ­استفاده ­از تصاویر ماهوارهای در بازه ­زمانی مورد نظر بررسی شد. همچنین به منظور شناخت ثأثیرات انسانی احداث کانال ­از روش پرسشنامه استفاده گردید. نتایج پژوهش نشان می­دهد علی­رغم کاهش بارندگی در ­بازه فوق­ سطح آب زیرزمینی ­از سال بهره برداری از کانال(۱۳۸٤)­ در ­نقاطی ­از دشت افزایش یافته­ است. همچنین یافته­های پژوهش نشان از تغییرات شدید­ مورفولوژی رودخانه ­از­ محل دریافت آب به دلیل تغییرات زیاد دبی دارد. رشد­ وضعیت اقتصادی­، جلوگیری از مهاجرت و ­اشتغال زایی در ­منطقه نیز­ از اثرات انسانی احداث کانال بوده­ است در حالی که به علت مکانیزه نبودن سیستم آبیاری ­راندمان­ متوسط بهره­ برداری ­از ­­­آب کانال­ کمتر ­از­۳٠ ­درصد می­باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Damage caused by the war on ecosystem services in Khuzestan province; HuralAzim wetland
salimeh ebadi ghajari naghme mobarghei mostafa keshtkarWar is defined as armed conflict between different countries or groups in a country that can have devastating effects in various dimensions, including the environment. Among the effects of war on the environment can point to landuse change and habitat destruction, water MoreWar is defined as armed conflict between different countries or groups in a country that can have devastating effects in various dimensions, including the environment. Among the effects of war on the environment can point to landuse change and habitat destruction, water, soil and air pollution, and noise from biological, chemical and nuclear weapons, plant and animal species destruction, A sudden increase in agricultural food production, changes in population patterns and environmental degradation strategies.The aim of the present study is to determine the economic value of the environmental damage caused by the imposed war (1980-1988) on the HuralAzim wetland. For this purpose, by studying documents, comparing land use maps and land cover before and after the war, using the Landsat 2 and 5 satellite image classification in 1977 and 1988 and the object-oriented method, various Analyze the environmental damage caused by the war and the severity of the damage using QGIS, ENVI and eCognition software. Then, using the ecosystem services valuation method (benefit transfer), the amount of these damages and damage caused by it on the ecosystem of Horealamiz wetland is valued. Eventually is calculated, it was observed that the war between Iran and Iraq caused an annual damage of 18 billion dollars, equivalent to 3857 One thousand thousand billion rials, on the environment of the HuralAzim wetland. That amount is for one year, and can be changed according to annual inflation for continues years. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and selection of the best genotypes in rice (Oryza sativa L.), based on BLPSI and LPSI indices
Mahnaz Katouzi Saeid Navabpour Hossein Sabouri Ali Akbar EbadiIn order to selection of best individual caused Iranian traditional rice variety, Tarommahalli (as the female parent), and a mutant Tarommahalli, (as the male parent) crosses an experiment was conducted using 350 individulas of F2 generation. from which F1 and F2 genera MoreIn order to selection of best individual caused Iranian traditional rice variety, Tarommahalli (as the female parent), and a mutant Tarommahalli, (as the male parent) crosses an experiment was conducted using 350 individulas of F2 generation. from which F1 and F2 generations were developed. Evaluation of the parents, F1 and F2 generations was carried out at the Gonbad Kavous University at 2017. 50 plants of both the F1 population and the parents and 350 individuals of the F2 population were grown in an experimental field with a spacing of 25 cm × 25 cm. Chlorophyll fluorescence properties Fo, F'o, Fm, F'm, F ', ETR, Fv, Fv / Fm, F'v / F'm, NPQ, qP, Y (II), qN, qL and weight of 100 grains, tiller number, filled grains number, unfilled grains number, plant height, panicle length, stem diameter, grain length, width and shape, straw weight, grain filling period, flag leaf length and width were recorded. The rate of electron transfer through photosystem II, flag leaf width, base fluoresce in dark-adapted conditions, the number of fertile tillers, maximum fluorescence in the dark-adapted conditions, number of primary branches, flag leaf area, flag leaf length, main panicle length and plant weight had the highest effect on grain yield, respectively. The highest response to selection belongs to 9th economic weight (heritability) in both BLPSI and LPSI indices. After, sixth coefficients (correlation) had the highest response to the selection. The results showed that the inheritance of Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters can be effectively used as an economic weight in the selection of the best individual. Genotypes 3, 6, 17, 24 and 30 were selected based on LPSI and genotypes 3 and 6 based on BLPSI as superior genotypes. The BLPSI and LPSI indices had high efficiency in this research and are recommended for improving the rice grain yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Analysis of Nonlinear Behavior of the Central Bank's Monetary Policy in Uncertainty Conditions: Smooth Transition Regression Model (STR(
mohsen nosratian nasab Ahmad Jafari Samimi Amir Mansour TehranchianThe purpose of this study is to analyze the nonlinear behavior of monetary policy at the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran in uncertainty condition. To achieve this goal, the nonlinear behavior of the central bank's reaction function to the inflation uncertai MoreThe purpose of this study is to analyze the nonlinear behavior of monetary policy at the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran in uncertainty condition. To achieve this goal, the nonlinear behavior of the central bank's reaction function to the inflation uncertainty in the form of smooth Transition Regression model (STR) is estimated using seasonal data during the 1997:1-2015:3 periods. The results of this study indicate that the variable behavior and regime change in monetary policy of the central bank of Iran in the various conditions of inflation. By passing the uncertainty of inflation from a threshold level, the behavior of monetary policy has been changed so that the coefficients of the model are consistent with the Taylor rule. Based on the results of the present study, it is suggested to consider the economic uncertainty index in order to determine the optimal monetary policy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Studying Recessions and Booms in Iran Economy by Using Markov Switching Model
Morteza Salehi Sarbijan gholam ali Reisi Nader Shetab BooshehriIn this paper, by using the nonlinear model of Hamilton Markov switching, the possible features of circular pattern are considered in Iran by a seasonally adjusted real GDP during 1988-2008. The results represent that business cycles extracted from Markov switching meth MoreIn this paper, by using the nonlinear model of Hamilton Markov switching, the possible features of circular pattern are considered in Iran by a seasonally adjusted real GDP during 1988-2008. The results represent that business cycles extracted from Markov switching method are more appropriate than the linear model and the growth rate of GDP divided into three regimes by the average of negative, mildly positive and high positive growth as 3.92, 4.43 and 9.53 respectively. Iran economy experienced, during the above period, 7 seasons of recession, 10 seasons of mild growth and 58 seasons of high growth. Furthermore, the probability of stability in recession, moderate, and high growth are estimated 0.3, 0.92 and 0.5 percent respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Comparing the Exchange Rates Predicted by STAR Non-linear Models and Alternative Models
Hasan Khodavaisi Ali VafamandExchange rate known as a strategic variable plays an important role in the economy, because of affecting on different sectors in economy all over the world. So, exchange-rate predictions have always been an important subject for the researchers in Economics. This paper MoreExchange rate known as a strategic variable plays an important role in the economy, because of affecting on different sectors in economy all over the world. So, exchange-rate predictions have always been an important subject for the researchers in Economics. This paper tries to study the attributes of exchange rate developed by monthly official data of Iran Stock Exchange based on Smooth Transition Autoregressive (STAR) models. The result of simulation based on STAR models and estimated by Genetic Algorithm method, outperforms linear time series models, such as ARIMA out of sample predictions based on RMSE, MAE and DA criteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Determination of The Price Transmission Mechanism in Shrimp Market of Iran (Application of Bivariate GARCH Model)
ali akbar baghestani reza rahimiAbstract The main objective of this paper is determination of the price transmission mechanism in shrimp market of Iran by using bivariate GARCH model. The monthly data during 1380:1-1394:4 was used. The results indicated that the rate of change in retail prices is part MoreAbstract The main objective of this paper is determination of the price transmission mechanism in shrimp market of Iran by using bivariate GARCH model. The monthly data during 1380:1-1394:4 was used. The results indicated that the rate of change in retail prices is partially causes changes in wholesale prices. So that one unit increase in the retail price index would increase less than one unit (0.2 units) Wholesale Price Index. Therefore, the price transmission in shrimp market is imperfect. The result of Houck method indicated that price transmission in the shrimp market is asymmetric and, speed of transmission in increasing price is more than decreasing prices. Therefore, according to the policy of reforming Shrimp imperfect market, the government must attended to non-price supporting Policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Electricity and Gas Networks Expansion Planning Considering Different Energy Consumption
Alireza Dehshiri-Badi Vahid Amir Seyed Mohammad ShariatmadarThis paper presents the generation and transmission expansion planning (GTEP) in electricity and gas networks. These networks supply electricity, heat, and gas consumption energies. Scheme minimizes the generation and transmission planning cost (total investment cost an MoreThis paper presents the generation and transmission expansion planning (GTEP) in electricity and gas networks. These networks supply electricity, heat, and gas consumption energies. Scheme minimizes the generation and transmission planning cost (total investment cost and expected operating cost). It is constrained to the investment budget and the planning model of the mentioned elements, the power flow equations of electricity and gas networks, the operation limits of the networks, and the limitation on generation capability. In the following, a linear approximation model considering quadratically objective function is obtained. Furthermore, stochastic optimization is adopted to model the uncertainty of load and renewable power. In this model, the concurrent consideration of electrical and gas networks with regard to fulfilments of simultaneous electrical-gas-thermal consumers is considered as a novel model into the model. Finally, the extracted numerical results confirm the capability of the proposed scheme in improving the operation and economic of the mentioned networks using optimal generation and transmission planning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Improve of Human Reliability by Identifying and Evaluating Potential and Actual Roots of Maintenance Team Errors in the Power Transmission Grids
Mehdi Tavakoli Mehdi NafarHuman life and the economy of a country are becoming more and more dependent on electricity. However, events that occur due to various factors in the power grids, affect the quality of electrical energy delivered to subscribers. The human error of maintenance teams is o MoreHuman life and the economy of a country are becoming more and more dependent on electricity. However, events that occur due to various factors in the power grids, affect the quality of electrical energy delivered to subscribers. The human error of maintenance teams is one of the most important causes of automatic outputs of electrical equipment. Human error, in addition to the economic consequences of not transiting electrical energy due to equipment outages, may also cause health damage to personnel. The purpose of this study is to propose a method for analyzing the human reliability of maintenance teams in power transmission grids, which has been implemented as a case study on power transmission grids teams in Fars. The first step is to identify the roots of human error. So far, no comprehensive studies have been conducted on the root causes of human error in power transmission grids. Therefore, in this article, the actual and potential roots of various aspects such as organization, individual moods, supervision, etc. are identified and predicted in the framework of the method of human factors analysis and classification system. Then, a method is proposed to estimate the probability of the root event to use its results to prioritize the necessary control and corrective measures to reduce human error. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - An Improved Tracking-Learning-Detection Algorithm for Low Frame Rate
Hooman Moridvaisi Farbod Razzazi Mohammad Ali Pourmina Massoud DoustiThe conventional Tracking-Learning-Detection (TLD) algorithm is sensitive to illumination change and clutter and low frame rate and results in drift even missing. To overcome these shortcomings and increase robustness, by improving the TLD structure via integr MoreThe conventional Tracking-Learning-Detection (TLD) algorithm is sensitive to illumination change and clutter and low frame rate and results in drift even missing. To overcome these shortcomings and increase robustness, by improving the TLD structure via integrating mean-shift and co-training learning can be achieved better results undergo low frame rate (LFR) condition and the robustness and accuracy tracking of the TLD structure increases. Because of, the Mean-Shift tracking algorithm is robust to rotation, partial occlusion and scale changing and it is simple to implement and takes less computational time. On the other, the co-training learning algorithm with two independent classifiers can learn changes of the target features in during the online tracking process. Therefore, the extended structure can solve the problem of lost object tracking in LFR videos and other challenges simultaneously. Finally, comparative evaluations of the proposed method to other top state-of-the-art tracking algorithms under the various scenarios from the TB-100 known dataset, demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed algorithm compared to other tracking algorithms in terms of tracking robustness and stability performance. Finally, the proposed structure based on the TLD architecture, in scenarios with the various challenges mentioned, will improve on average about 33% of the results, compared to the traditional TLD algorithm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Economical Evaluation of N–1 Safe Criterion and Load Shedding Index in Transmission System Expansion Planning
Mohammadhadi Karimi Mehdi Ehsan Faramarz FaghihiTransmission system reliability is an important issue in transmission network expansion planning (TNEP). Most of papers and research about TNEP employed N–1 safe criterion to formulate the transmission reliability, while a few of them have considered load shedding MoreTransmission system reliability is an important issue in transmission network expansion planning (TNEP). Most of papers and research about TNEP employed N–1 safe criterion to formulate the transmission reliability, while a few of them have considered load shedding (LS) index to meet the required reliability of consumers for electric demand. Thus, an economic evaluation is necessary to clear which of these reliability criteria is more appropriate for transmission expansion planning studies. This paper tries to compare these reliability indices to each other and show that which of them are more economic and better for expansion planning of a transmission system. The aim is to compromise between transmission lines and substations expansion cost, network losses, and system reliability considering maintenance and repair expenses as well as replacement cost of timeworn lines. To formulate the network reliability, first deterministic reliability criterion of N–1 was employed and embedded in the problem formulation and results were discussed, then N–1 criterion was replaced by probabilistic reliability index of load shedding in TNEP formulation and the results were compared with results of first model. Both of TNEP models are tested on well known as Garver’s 6-bus network and IEEE reliability 24-bus test system (IEEE RTS). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Electromechanical Analysis of Coupled Motor-Gearbox Vibrations with Planetary Gears
Seyed Ehsan Masalegoo Ali SoleimaniGearbox and vibrations are two inseparable components of each other. In other words, the nature of the gear meshing in the gearbox has inevitable vibrations due to the impact during the meshing of the teeth. These unavoidable vibrations in some cases cause the gearbox t MoreGearbox and vibrations are two inseparable components of each other. In other words, the nature of the gear meshing in the gearbox has inevitable vibrations due to the impact during the meshing of the teeth. These unavoidable vibrations in some cases cause the gearbox to malfunction, so vibration analyzes are very important and efficient in analyzing gearbox performance and optimizing them. A planetary gearbox has a main gear of the sun as the actuator in the center, several planetary gears around it and a ring gear in which this set rotates and an arm is attached to the planetary gears and acts as the output for the planetary gearbox. In this paper, first to express the desired vibration relations in the planetary gearbox. Then to investigate and apply the relations governing the electric motor in MATLAB software. In the following, the vibration model of the planetary gearbox motor coupling model is simulated in order to observe and analyze the interaction between the electric motor and the planetary gearbox. Frequency spectrum are analyzed to investigate the interaction of motor and planetary gearbox. It should be noted that dynamic modeling and analysis has been performed in ABAQUS software to extract the mesh stiffness of time-varying engagement between the teeth of the two gears involved in the planetary gearbox. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Bi-Level Optimization Model for Coordinated Management of Integrated Transmission and Distribution Systems
Roozbeh Tamizkar Mahmoud Samiei Moghaddam Azita Azarfar Mohamad Hosseini Abardeh Mojtaba VahediIn this paper, a bi-level optimization model is proposed for the coordinated management of integrated transmission and distribution networks. The problem of the security-constrained unit commitment as an upper-level problem to reduce operating costs, startup/shutdown co MoreIn this paper, a bi-level optimization model is proposed for the coordinated management of integrated transmission and distribution networks. The problem of the security-constrained unit commitment as an upper-level problem to reduce operating costs, startup/shutdown costs, and no-load along with load shedding as a mixed integer linear programming model and the problem of optimal operation in independent distribution networks by considering renewable and non-renewable resources along with charging stations for electric vehicles as a lower-level problem to reduce the costs of purchasing power from the upstream network and reduce the costs of power outages. The resources and charging power of electric vehicle charging stations are considered a linear model. To solve the bi-level problem, the proposed lower-level model is modeled as Karush-Kahn-Tucker optimality conditions. Several different networks have been considered for validating the model and the proposed method, and the results obtained from the simulation prove the efficiency of the model and the proposed method in considering the coordinated operation of intelligent transmission and distribution networks. To show the superiority of the proposed method over other algorithms for solving multilevel models, the proposed method has been compared with decomposition algorithms, and the results show the superiority of the proposed method in terms of execution time and faster convergence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Design of an Active Integrated Antenna with Compact Image Rejection Mixer and Spurious Passbands Suppression of Antenna
Ali Reza Hazeri Ali Reza KashaniniaAn active integrated antenna (AIA) with compact image rejection mixer (IRM) is proposed and designed. The proposed IRM is composed of 2-element microstrip rectangular patch antenna, three compact branch-line hybrid coupler (BLC), two balanced mixers, a Wilkinson power d MoreAn active integrated antenna (AIA) with compact image rejection mixer (IRM) is proposed and designed. The proposed IRM is composed of 2-element microstrip rectangular patch antenna, three compact branch-line hybrid coupler (BLC), two balanced mixers, a Wilkinson power divider, and a lumped element hybrid coupler. The proposed IRM translates radio frequency (RF) (2.4 or 2.5 GHz) to two intermediate frequency (IF) and provides isolation to two possible IF. The IF and local oscillator (LO) power are chosen 50 MHz and 5 dBm, respectively. The proposed IRM is able to achieve image suppression with an isolation of approximately 20 dB. The conversion loss is lower 10 dB. The VSWR at two output ports are 1 and the VSWR at the RF port is greater than 1.8.The balanced mixer is composed of a compact BLC, two schottky diodes, two short-end stubs, and an open-end stub. By replacing the quartet-wavelength conventional transmission lines with equivalent t-type transmission line, the compact BLC is designed, which they can suppress upper order harmonics and spurious passbands of the antenna. Miniaturize, low cost, simple circuitry, and high performance, are the main advantages to simulation this AIA with IRM. The AIA with IRM is simulated by ADS software. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Design and Simulation of a Wilkinson Power Divider with High Isolation for Tri-Band Operation Using PSO Algorithm
Farzad Khajeh-khalili Mohammad Amin HonarvarIn this article, a microstrip tri-band Wilkinson power divider, using the equivalent three section transmission line instead of common quarter-wavelength transmission line with help of PSO algorithm, design and simulated. Optimized choices for electrical lengths of equi MoreIn this article, a microstrip tri-band Wilkinson power divider, using the equivalent three section transmission line instead of common quarter-wavelength transmission line with help of PSO algorithm, design and simulated. Optimized choices for electrical lengths of equivalent three section transmission line, characteristic impedances of lines and finally design of three resistors for high isolation between output ports will be obtained. The results of the researches in this article show that the proposed Wilkinson power divider, besides high isolation between output ports, will be a tri-band Wilkinson power divider to be used in communication wireless systems such as GSM 850 , GSM 900 , GPS, GSM1800 ، GSM 1900, UMTS, WLAN and WiMAX. Next, the designed Wilkinson power divider is going to be simulated by CST-MW 2013 software. The result of simulation show that the proposed structure, analysis and design method are suitable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - A Low-Power CMOS Trans-Impedance Amplifier for 2.5 Gb/S Optical Communication Systems
Mojgan Mohseni Mehdi DolatshahiThis Paper presents a new Trans-impedance amplifier for optical receiver circuits. The amplifier is based on parallel (R-C) feedback topology which is optimized for power consumption and uses shunt-peaking technique to enhance the frequency bandwidth of the amplifier. H MoreThis Paper presents a new Trans-impedance amplifier for optical receiver circuits. The amplifier is based on parallel (R-C) feedback topology which is optimized for power consumption and uses shunt-peaking technique to enhance the frequency bandwidth of the amplifier. However, the circuit is designed and simulated using 0.18µm CMOS technology parameters. As simulation results show, the amplifier has a gain of 67.5dBΩ, bandwidth of 3GHz while consumes only 12.16 mW power which shows a very good performance for using in a 2.5Gb/S (SONET OC-48) optical communication system. Finally, as the simulated Eye-Diagram shows, the circuit has a very good performance for a 2.5Gb/S system for a 10µA input current. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Preparation and evaluation of sodium alginate nanoparticles containing CRM197 protein by ionic gelation method
ُSamira َAghamiri Mojtaba Noofeli Hamid reza Goudarzi Parvaneh Saffarian Zahra Salehi NajafabadiDevelopment of the recombinant vaccines against infectious diseases is dependent on the identification of immunogenic antigens and vaccine delivery systems such as polymeric nanoparticles that are able to stimulate immune responses similar to or better than conventional MoreDevelopment of the recombinant vaccines against infectious diseases is dependent on the identification of immunogenic antigens and vaccine delivery systems such as polymeric nanoparticles that are able to stimulate immune responses similar to or better than conventional vaccines and reduce complications associated with traditional vaccines. At the present study, synthesis and properties of the sodium alginate nanoparticles carrying CRM197 protein as an antigen delivery system were evaluated. Synthesis of the blank optimized without protein loading and protein-containing nanoparticles was performed by ionic gelation method. After designing of the experiment (DoE) and determining the influential physicochemical factors in ideal nanoparticles synthesis; size, zeta potential, morphology, encapsulation efficiency, release pattern and FT-IR spectroscopy were investigated. The optimized nanoparticles were prepared at a concentration of 0.2% w/v sodium alginate, 0.1% w/v calcium chloride, 0.04% w/v poly-L-lysine during 45 minutes of stirring at 2000 rpm and in pH 6.5. The average nanoparticle size for blank and CRM197 loaded nanoparticles were 88 and 245 nm also zeta potential -21 and -24.2 mV, respectively. LE and LC were >80% and >20%, respectively, associated with a stable and long-term encapsulated protein release pattern from nanoparticles. Absence of local and systemic signs, as well as weight gain in the mice group studied, indicated the safety of the nanoparticles and CRM197 protein combination. Based upon the above achievements, alginate nanoparticles can be used as an antigen delivery system for targeted delivery with controlled, slow release and improved stability of recombinant diphtheria antigen (CRM197) for immunization against diphtheria disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - ارزیابی تاثیر پیش تیمار فراصوت بر سینتیک انتقال جرم و خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی و حسی فیله گوشت بوقلمون سرخ شده به روش عمیق
نجمه سرباز محسن وظیفه دوست مجید علی آبادی -
Open Access Article
118 - نقش و موقعیت استراتژیک ایران در ایجاد خطوط انتقال انرژی (نفت و گاز)به اروپا و تأثیر آن بر همگرایی فرا منطقهای ایران
مریم شعبانی -
Open Access Article
119 - تصمیمسازی ورود و توسعه دو نوع فناوری HVDC و EHVAC برای ایران با استفاده از الگوریتم تصمیمسازی MULTIMOORA
Ali Aranizadeh Mehrzad Kazemi Homayoun Barahmandpour mirpouya mirmozaffariامروزه جمعیت در مناطق شهری روزبهروز در حال افزایش است و نیاز مصرف نیز به همان شدت افزایش مییابد. این حجم از مصرف، نیاز به مراکز تولید توان با حجم انبوه را نیز طلب میکند که این دو عامل خود موجب گرایش تکنولوژی به سمت سیستمهای انتقال توان با ظرفیت بالا خواهد شد. در این Moreامروزه جمعیت در مناطق شهری روزبهروز در حال افزایش است و نیاز مصرف نیز به همان شدت افزایش مییابد. این حجم از مصرف، نیاز به مراکز تولید توان با حجم انبوه را نیز طلب میکند که این دو عامل خود موجب گرایش تکنولوژی به سمت سیستمهای انتقال توان با ظرفیت بالا خواهد شد. در این میان دو نوع فناوری انتقال توان الکتریکی HVDC و EHVAC قابل بررسی خواهد بود. منتهی هر یک از این دو نوع فناوری همچنان در کشور ایران استفاده نشده است و برهمین اساس میبایست تصمیمی جهت ورود و توسعه هر یک از این فناوریها گرفته شود. همچنین ورود هردوی این فناوریها نیز به-صرفه نخواهد بود. در نتیجه در این مقاله به تصمیمگیری در مورد انتخاب ورود و توسعه یکی از دو نوع فناوری HVDC و EHVAC خواهیم پرداخت. برای این منظور ابتدا معیارهای این انتخاب را به تفصیل بیان کرده و سپس با استفاده از الگوریتم تصمیمسازی مالتی-مورا، به تصمیمگیری نهایی خواهیم رسید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - انتقال ژنتیکی ژن آمیلاز به سویه باکتروئید شکمبه توسط کانژوگاسیون نتیجه آن بهبود آنزیم شکمبه
ح. عقبی طلب ف. مرادیان ق. رحیمی ح. رحیمیانسویه­های باکتری­های شکمبه­ای قابلیت دستکاری برای انجام عملکرد متفاوت از نوع وحشی را دارند. بیشترین تعداد سویه­های باکتری شکمبه و روده از خانواده باکتروئید­ها هستند که توانایی تغییر ژنتیکی جهت تولید آنزیم را دارند. یکی از دستورزی ژنتیکی باکتری شکمبه ک Moreسویه­های باکتری­های شکمبه­ای قابلیت دستکاری برای انجام عملکرد متفاوت از نوع وحشی را دارند. بیشترین تعداد سویه­های باکتری شکمبه و روده از خانواده باکتروئید­ها هستند که توانایی تغییر ژنتیکی جهت تولید آنزیم را دارند. یکی از دستورزی ژنتیکی باکتری شکمبه که می­تواند انجام شود، تولید آنزیم هضم کننده نشاسته جهت افزایش جریان مواد غذایی به شکمبه است. در مطالعه حاضر، سویه­های باکتروئید از شکمبه گاو جدا شدند. ازآنالیز ژن 16S rRNA جهت تأیید طبقه­بندی گونه باکتروئیدی استفاده شد. ژن آمیلاز در وکتور بیانی pET28A همسانه­سازی شد و سپس در وکتور انتقالی pGFK114.1 باکتروئید-اشرشیاکولی زیر همسانه­سازی گردید. کانژوگاسیون بین اشرشیا­کولی و سویه باکتروئیدی با دو دهنده اشرشیاکولی شامل وکتور­هایpGFK114.1 و pRK231 و یک سویه دریافت کننده باکتروئیدی انجام شد. انتقال ژن آمیلاز توسط مارکر ژن مقاومت به آنتی بیوتیک سفوکسیتین در وکتور تأییدگردید. سنجش فعالیت آمیلاز نشان داد که بیان آنزیم در سویه باکتروئید شکمبه­ای به طور موفقیت آمیزی انجام گرفته است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Application of Central Force Optimization Method to Design Transient Protection Devices for Water Transmission Pipelines
Seyed Mahmood Jazayeri MoghadasOne of the major challenges in designing under pressure water transmission pipeline is the system protection against water-hammer pressures due to a pump trip. The best strategy is to use air-chamber; which imposes considerable costs. To mitigate the air-chamber volume, MoreOne of the major challenges in designing under pressure water transmission pipeline is the system protection against water-hammer pressures due to a pump trip. The best strategy is to use air-chamber; which imposes considerable costs. To mitigate the air-chamber volume, the use of air-inlet valves is also suggested. Determination of air-chamber volume as well as the type and proper locations of air-inlet valves, aiming at the cost reduction, introduces an optimization problem. To solve this problem, this study exploits the central force optimization (CFO) method. Herein, a case study pipeline is optimized using the proposed model based on the CFO and is compared with results of a genetic algorithm (GA) based model. Both methods yielded almost the same results and led to about 30% saving in the system protection cost. However, a comparison between the methods showed that the CFO dramatically outperforms GA in both terms of computational efficiency and reliability of the results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Analyzing the Role of Remittances on the Change in the Economic Situation and the Welfare of Their Families (Case Study: Miankale District, Behshahr County)
Zahra SharifiniaIn immigration literature due to immigration more attention has been paid to its positive effects on the welfare and economy of the origin and destination of the households. This paper examines the role of remittances on the Change in the Economic Situation and the Welf MoreIn immigration literature due to immigration more attention has been paid to its positive effects on the welfare and economy of the origin and destination of the households. This paper examines the role of remittances on the Change in the Economic Situation and the Welfare of Their Families of Miankaleh as one of the positive effects of immigration on the development of the community of origin. The research methodology is based on the purpose of the applied research and is based on descriptive method. he data collection tool was a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of the population of the villages of Miankaleh. Using the Cochrane formula 378 immigrant households were selected as samples. To analyze the data descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used. Findings show that the satisfaction of immigrant households varies from income status before and after immigration, Also he impact of migrants' transfer money on increasing the willingness of the rural community improving the level of Economic Situation and the Welfare of their families is moderate to high Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - طراحی نگهداری اولیه تونل انتقال آب گلاب با تاکید بر خطرات زمین شناسی
محمدجواد رحیمدل راحب باقرپور -
Open Access Article
124 - Monitoring Heavy Elements Cadmium, Nickel and Vanadium in Aquatic Plants, Typha latifolia and Phragmites australis in Hooralazim Wetland from Khuzestan Province
Nazanin Firozshahian Khoshnaz Payandeh sima sabz alipourIn aquatic ecosystems, aquatic plants are good biochemical indicators for monitoring heavy metals because they are stagnant in water and can determine contamination levels. This research was conducted in 2018 to investigate heavy metals of cadmium, nickel and vanadium i MoreIn aquatic ecosystems, aquatic plants are good biochemical indicators for monitoring heavy metals because they are stagnant in water and can determine contamination levels. This research was conducted in 2018 to investigate heavy metals of cadmium, nickel and vanadium in aquatic plants of straw (Phragmites australis) and Louisiana (Typha latifolia) of Horralzim wetland in Khuzestan province. Sampling was performed from three stations. In order to measure heavy elements was used to measure the induction plasma (ICP). The highest of cadmium in root of Phragmites australis was 1.486±0.020 mg Kg-1 and lowest concentration of this metal in stem of Typha latifolia was 0.036±0.001 mg Kg-1 (P<0.05). The highest of nickel in root of Typha latifolia was 4.770±0.045 mg Kg-1 and lowest concentration of nickel in stem of Phragmites australis was 0.843±0.072 mg Kg-1 (P<0.05). The highest of vanadium in root of Typha latifolia was 16.553±0.128 mg Kg-1 and lowest concentration of vanadium in stem of Phragmites australis was 3.136±0.015 mg Kg-1 (P<0.05).The concentrations of cadmium, nickel and vanadium were obtained in the root of Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia above the leaves and stems (P<0.05). Cadmium in the roots, stems and leaves of the Phragmites australis was higher than the Typha latifolia, but the amount of nickel and vanadium in the roots, stems and leaves of Typha latifolia were higher than Phragmites australis (P<0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - بررسی حلالیت مواد جامد درحلالهای فوق بحرانی با استفاده از معادله حالت حجم انتقالی پنگ-رابینسون
حمیدرضا باقری حسن هاشمی پور -
Open Access Article
126 - Investigation of thermophysical properties and rheology of iron-silver-copper metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles based on carbon structure of quantum dots for use in heat transfer systems with turbulent flow regime
Hamid Mousavi , Seyed Mostafa Tabatabaee Ghomshe Alimorad rashidi Masoumeh MirzaeiIn this work, nano-hybrids of iron-carbon quantum dots, silver-carbon quantum dots, and copper– carbon quantum dots were synthesized and prepared by a wet chemical method. After examining their thermal and thermophysical properties, the thermal conductivity (k) wa MoreIn this work, nano-hybrids of iron-carbon quantum dots, silver-carbon quantum dots, and copper– carbon quantum dots were synthesized and prepared by a wet chemical method. After examining their thermal and thermophysical properties, the thermal conductivity (k) was measured and the heat transfer coefficient (h) for turbulent flow was compared. The synthesized samples were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), tunneling electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Zeta, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) stability tests were also performed for the synthesized samples. The prepared carbon quantum dots and hybridized-iron, silver, and copper samples were distributed in the base fluid (water) by ultrasonic probe device. Viscosity and density were examined as a measure of nanoparticle concentration and temperature. Also, the heat capacity of synthesized nanoparticles was measured at different temperatures, but the changes in density and heat capacity at low concentrations of nanoparticles were not significant. Then the thermal conductivity (k) and the heat transfer coefficient (h) were measured to improve the heat transfer by the synthesized nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were prepared and analyzed for three different concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 wt. %. The greatest improvement in thermal conductivity 25 % at a concentration 0.5 wt. % and 45 °C was for hybridized copper nanoparticles-carbon quantum dots. Also, the highest improvement in heat transfer coefficient (h) was reported in Reynolds number 15529 for silver nanoparticles-carbon quantum dots improvement was about 29 %. In addition, copper nanoparticles-carbon quantum dots with a 20 % improvement in transfer heat transfer coefficient reported. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - ترکیب های تجمعی سه جزئی دارای کراون اترها
ابوالقاسم مقیمی حسین آقابزرگ مژگان فلاح شبنم ششمانی مهرداد محمودی -
Open Access Article
128 - مدل فرایند جذب کربن دی اکسید در برجهای آکنده بهوسیلهی محلول 2-آمینو 2-متیل 1-پروپانول
سپهر صدیقی سید رضا سیف محدثی -
Open Access Article
129 - Analysis of Current Situation of Knowladge Mamagement in Ministry of Science, Research and Technology in Iran for Presentation Approach to Progressive Them
H. Darvish R. Noruzzadeh احمدرضا HejaziNowadays, Knowledge Management is considered as one of the newest and most important topics in management. Most of organizations apply Knowledge Management for evacuating mental capacities of their employees (Mehrali Zadeh, 2009). This research, with purpose of study MoreNowadays, Knowledge Management is considered as one of the newest and most important topics in management. Most of organizations apply Knowledge Management for evacuating mental capacities of their employees (Mehrali Zadeh, 2009). This research, with purpose of studying knowledge management status in Committee District of Ministry of Sciences, Research & Technology and presenting strategies for its promotion, and also by considering status of Knowledge Management quintuple components including:. From the viewpoint of nature this research is descriptive-geodesic and is an applied research. Statistical society includes members of Faculty Board and Committee District Experts of Ministry of Sciences, Research & Technology that are 594 persons. For collecting information incontestable questionnaire is applied. Data analysis has been performed through t- student, variance analysis tests and Duncan’s moderate duplicate and also SPSS and Statistica 6/0. Validity of this questionnaire has been confirmed by guide and counselor professors and some of specialists in this field and its corrections have been regulated after gaining their viewpoints. Reliability of this questionnaire has been computed by Cronbach's alpha test and point of 0.961 shows its high reliability. Findings gained according to variance analysis and Duncan’s moderate duplicate tests in this research show that Knowledge Management status in researching, technical, and also cultural and social deputations in comparison with other deputations is in appropriate state. Knowledge Management status in Minister’s departments and student deputation is in middle level and educational, administrative and financial deputations and resources management department about executing Knowledge Management is in inappropriate state. Accordance with these findings, establishment and disassembly of Knowledge Management in Committee District of Ministry of Sciences, ResearchTechnology helps to achievement of organization goals and vocation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Using Smooth Transition Regression (STR) to predict Business Cycles
Harmony Shahmoradi Hamid Abrishami Oranus ParivarForecasting business cycles is very important in macroeconomic and it is an important part in process of economic decision-making and policy. In recent years, non-linear models have been considered more for forecasting economic variables and application of these models MoreForecasting business cycles is very important in macroeconomic and it is an important part in process of economic decision-making and policy. In recent years, non-linear models have been considered more for forecasting economic variables and application of these models has been made a significant improvement in modeling of the behavior of variables in the area of macroeconomic and particularly financial economics. This article provides a convenient and powerful model for forecasting business cycles by using smooth transition regression (STR). The results show that very little error that indicates model performance is acceptable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - آثارانتقال تبعی عقد اجاره در فقه، حقوق ایران و انگلیس
محمود صوفی ابادی سیدحسین صفائی میرقاسم جعفرزاده -
Open Access Article
132 - Transitional related to exchange rate changes and the index of export prices: 1385: 4-1369: 1
کریم Emami سیمین Ale aliIran due to oil resources is component of indeveloping countries that it’s export is dependent on agricultural products and underground reserves. So starting price fluctuations in world market of these products are caused balance of payment disequilibrium. In this MoreIran due to oil resources is component of indeveloping countries that it’s export is dependent on agricultural products and underground reserves. So starting price fluctuations in world market of these products are caused balance of payment disequilibrium. In this case on way for reducing balance of trade deficit is currency devaluation (increasing in exchange rate) because it is a reason for increasing export. The aim of this article is to analysis exchange rate pass through on the export price index in the long-run. The Johansen-Juselius Cointegration Technique is used to estimate and with using seasonal data over the period spring 1369 till winter 1385 imperical model is estimated for Iran’s economy. The results of estimate show that there is an incompelet relation in domain of taking influence export price index exchange rate changes in long-run. Exchange rate pass through coefficient on export price index is 0.16 in long-run, so according the results, pricing to market is based on local common prices (LCP) in long-run. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - بررسی نحوه انتقال قیمت در بازار شیر
رضا مقدسی رضا رحیمی -
Open Access Article
134 - Price Transmission Mechanism and its Impact on Marketing Margins of south Fish of Iran
مهدی سراوانی نظر دهمرده قلعه نوAbstract Volatility and instability of fisheries product price is one of the characters of inefficient marketing of these products. Therefore, in this study we will consider the effect of Prices Transmission on Marketing Margins of South water products during 2004 to 20 MoreAbstract Volatility and instability of fisheries product price is one of the characters of inefficient marketing of these products. Therefore, in this study we will consider the effect of Prices Transmission on Marketing Margins of South water products during 2004 to 2014 with combining the Houck Methodology and marketing Cost model which is presented by Frigon et al (1999). The results show that perfect increase price transmission for ghobad, White halva, hamur, hoor, rashku, sangsar, shir, sorkhu and Black halva rejected. In addition, results show for white halva, hoor, sangsar and sorkhu short term and long term of symmetry price transmission rejected and intermediary earn profit with increasing marketing margins through asymmetry price transmission. The result of price transmission elasticity show that for hoor, white halva, sangsar and sorkhu Wholesale prices rise more strongly transmitted to the retail level while the decline in prices slow transferred to the higher levels of the market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Investigating the effect of financial crisis transfer mechanism (with emphasis on 2008 financial crisis and oil prices) and Markov switching causality on selected indices of Iran Stock Exchange
سمیرا نجفی استمال سید شمس الدین حسینی عباس معمارنژاد فرهاد غفاریIn this study, the effect of the crisis transfer mechanism (with emphasis on the 2008 financial crisis and oil prices) is first investigated. Representative of the effect of this mechanism (oil price known as a factor in the mechanism for transmitting crisis) Identify a MoreIn this study, the effect of the crisis transfer mechanism (with emphasis on the 2008 financial crisis and oil prices) is first investigated. Representative of the effect of this mechanism (oil price known as a factor in the mechanism for transmitting crisis) Identify and how it affects the selected index of the stock exchange, including banks, petroleum products, metal ores, cars with daily data from 2003- 07-05 to 2021-03-17 Modeling with the possibility of regime change (MS-VAR) has been modeled using the common probability distribution of the yield of selected indices and the self-regression vector model. Then, using the causality method, despite the regime change, we examine the oil causality on the selected indices of the stock exchange, whether the causality is one-way or two-way. The results show that the zero regime is more stable than the one regime and the tendency to stay in this regime is higher and the causality is from the oil side to the selected indicators and not vice versa. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - سرریزی و انتقالات نوسان قیمت سکه طلا بر بازار سرمایه
مهدی صادقی شاهدانی حسین محسنی -
Open Access Article
137 - Investigating the non-linear effect of the stock index on the development of the industrial sector in Islamic countries, using the simple panel transfer regression (PSTR) approach.
Mohammad Bagheri Ahmad Naghilu Mohammad DalmanpourAbstractThe main purpose of this research is the non-linear effect of the stock index on the development of the industrial sector in Islamic countries. This study is of a causal nature in terms of practical purpose and in terms of data collection and descriptive informa MoreAbstractThe main purpose of this research is the non-linear effect of the stock index on the development of the industrial sector in Islamic countries. This study is of a causal nature in terms of practical purpose and in terms of data collection and descriptive information. The methodology is post-event. In this research, an attempt was made; By explaining the theory and designing a model to investigate the non-linear effect of the stock index on the development of the industrial sector in Islamic countries, with an emphasis on various indicators of financial development: the soft panel transfer regression (PSTR) approach was investigated. The geographical area of research of Islamic Conference member countries (Albania, Algeria, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Iran, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Tunisia, Chad, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, South African Sahara, Iraq, Oman, Gambia, Qatar, Malaysia) , Mali, Morocco, Egypt and Nigeria) and the time domain of the research is between 2005 and 2019. Using MATLAB software, the data was analyzed through the soft panel transition regression (PSTR) approach, and the results of the analyzes show that There is a non-linear relationship between the stock index and the development of the industrial sector in Islamic countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Investigating the effect of central bank intervention on the profitability of commercial banks in the country: a mild transfer regression approach
Azam Sadat Atyabi Alireza DagigiASL Gholamreza GaryenjadAbstract In the present study, in the first stage, the central bank's policy intervention index and foreign exchange market pressure were calculated, and then, using gentle transfer regression (STR), the effect of central bank intervention on the profitability of the c MoreAbstract In the present study, in the first stage, the central bank's policy intervention index and foreign exchange market pressure were calculated, and then, using gentle transfer regression (STR), the effect of central bank intervention on the profitability of the country's commercial banks was investigated. According to the model results; In 24 of the 30 years surveyed, the country's economy has faced increasing pressure from the foreign exchange market. In other words, between 1370 and 1399, the central bank's intervention activities eliminated an average of 24% of the foreign exchange market pressure. Also, the results of STR model estimation show the positive effect of economic growth rate variable on bank profitability and the negative effects of central bank intervention, stock return rate, credit risk, inflation rate and interest rate on the profitability of commercial banks. The negative coefficient of the central bank intervention index can indicate that the central bank, in the face of increasing positive deviations in the exchange rate, is pursuing a decline in the growth of its foreign reserves. In other words, with a further increase in the supply of foreign exchange in the market, its value decreases and the exchange rate return to its long-term path. On the other hand, if there is a negative deviation in the exchange rate of the central bank, by increasing the volume of foreign reserves and reducing the supply in the foreign exchange market, it can increase this rate and approach its long-term path, which is in line with existing theories. This is the context. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - پژوهشی درجریان آب های زیرزمینی «مطالعه موردی حوضه آبریز مرند»
محمدرضا اصغری مقدم کریم عباس زاده -
Open Access Article
140 - Comparative Analysis on properties of Induction and Experience in Ibn Sina and Popper’s Philosophies
Qodrat allah QorbaniExperience and induction are of the basic issues of contemporary philosophy of science that have been considered by Ibn Sina and Popper’s philosophies. Ibn Sina by referring to some principles including essential derivation, the accidental rule and the hidden syll MoreExperience and induction are of the basic issues of contemporary philosophy of science that have been considered by Ibn Sina and Popper’s philosophies. Ibn Sina by referring to some principles including essential derivation, the accidental rule and the hidden syllogism, tries to separate experience from induction, and consider for experience a kind of conditioned certainty and universality. Moreover, his division of induction into complete and incomplete ones has its specific significance. Popper, by considering the problem of impossibility to obtain universal inferences through induction, tries to resolve the problem of induction by introducing the principle of transference indicating equality of logical approaching and the principality of psychology. He, then, through theory of Falsification, renders a universal and empirical criterion for testing empirical theories. Popper and Ibn Sina’s resemblance is their critical approach to the problems of experience and induction by struggling for explaining their epistemic aspects in sciences and practical human life. But finally although they both have not restricted scientific method to experience and induction, but some differences can be found among them. Popper, while, has regarded the experience as a criterion for separating science from non-science, but does not consider any authentic base for it. Ibn Sina, however, believes that experience is one of self evidences which played an effective role in growth of human knowledge. In this paper, by comparative explaining and analyzing Ibn Sina and Popper’s viewpoints concerning induction and experience, has been tried to show merits and efficacies of Ibn Sina’s points of view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Assessing the maturity level of knowledge management using the maturity model of the Asian Productivity Organization (APO): A case study: Iran Gas Transmission Company
Solmaz Soltani Ruhollah tavallaee Alireza Slambolchi Yaser ghasemi nezhadThe aim of this study was to investigate the level of knowledge management maturity based on the Asian productivity maturity model in Tehran Gas Transmission Company. This research is applied based on the purpose and descriptive survey research in terms of data collecti MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the level of knowledge management maturity based on the Asian productivity maturity model in Tehran Gas Transmission Company. This research is applied based on the purpose and descriptive survey research in terms of data collection method. Data were collected by distributing the standard questionnaire of Asian productivity maturity model among 114 formal and informal employees of the gas transmission company and using the maturity model of the Asian Productivity Organization, in two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics using software. SPSS and Excel were statistically analyzed. The research findings show that the gas transmission company is at the level of reaction in terms of organizational maturity. The results of the analysis showed that the seven components of the Asian productivity model are not in a favorable situation and Iran Gas Transmission Company in these seven components is lower than the knowledge management framework of the Asian Productivity Organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - تاثیر تمرینات مراقبه تمرکزی بر کارکرد توجه پایدار، انتخابی و انتقالی در زنان
آتنا احسان نیارمی وحید نجاتی فریبا حسنی -
Open Access Article
143 - Earnings Management Model by Using Deferred Tax Asset and Deferred Tax Liability Strategies
Vahid Tavasoli Yadollah TariverdiAbstract According to agency theory, the government and business enterprises have different interests in paying taxes. The motivation for using deferred tax asset and liability to identify earnings management is that there is usually more discretion in generally accept MoreAbstract According to agency theory, the government and business enterprises have different interests in paying taxes. The motivation for using deferred tax asset and liability to identify earnings management is that there is usually more discretion in generally accepted accounting principles than in tax laws. Managers may have an incentive to increase income in the financial statements without increasing income in the tax report. A possible reason why managers do not want to increase taxable income is that this will lead to an increase in tax costs. Therefore, one of the things that probably affects the earnings management is deferred taxes. The aim of the research is to investigated whether the deferred taxes resulting from the financial statements reported based on accounting standard 35 as a strategy for managers to achieve earnings management or not. To achieve the goal of the research, the data of 169 sample companies from the Tehran Stock Exchange, were collected using the systematic elimination approach and were analyzed using the method of descriptive-correlation analysis by performing logistic regression test. The findings showed that the deferred tax assets have an effect on earnings management, but deferred tax liabilities have no effect on earnings management. The obtained results indicate that managers use deferred tax assets to manipulate earnings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - A comparative study of assignment of contract in Iranian legal system and common law with emphasis on lease contract
amir abbas kavoosi Hassan Badini Nejad ali AlmasiThe assignment of the contract and the assignment of the position related to the contract by the assignor of the contract to the receiver causes the party to the original contract to withdraw from the primary legal relationship and another person or persons are placed i MoreThe assignment of the contract and the assignment of the position related to the contract by the assignor of the contract to the receiver causes the party to the original contract to withdraw from the primary legal relationship and another person or persons are placed in the contractual position of the assignor as a substitute. The most vital effect of the secondary transfer of the lease contract is the same as the voluntary transfer of the contract of the third party, for the method of subrogation of the buyer in the secondary transfer of the lease, it is clear that it is the buyer's representative in the same tenant in relation to the transfer of the right to receive rent and the right Termination and discharge to him is disputed and disputed in the courts. The findings of the research indicate that in the English legal system, with the secondary transfer of the lease contract to the buyer, he is obliged to conclude and accept the terms of the lease contract, and despite the contractual legal transfer to the buyer, the seller also becomes responsible. The research method is descriptive and analytical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Investigating the Threshold Impact of Country Risk Index on the Impact of Public Debt on Economic Growth: Panel Smooth Transition Regression (PSTR) Approach
javad harati Nesa Kamalian elham bitaThe impact of public debt on economic growth is recognized as one of the important issues in economic analysis. . Therefore, in the present study, using the annual data of 128 selected countries and the Panel Smooth Transition Regression (PSTR) model, an attempt has bee MoreThe impact of public debt on economic growth is recognized as one of the important issues in economic analysis. . Therefore, in the present study, using the annual data of 128 selected countries and the Panel Smooth Transition Regression (PSTR) model, an attempt has been made to investigate the threshold impact of the country risk index on the impact of public debt on economic growth in four separate models over time. 2018-1996 .the findings indicate that, there is a significant nonlinear relationship between public debt and economic growth. However, the estimated models with transmission variables of political risk and composite risk in both regimes indicate that the public debt have had a positive effect on economic growth. Moreover, in the models with the transmission variables of financial risk and economic risk, the impact of the general debt on economic growth was negative and positive respectively in the first and second regime. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Distance to default in banks with the approach of transformed- data maximum likelihood estimate method
samane shafiee mohammadhamed khanmohammadiWe introduced estimation methods include the market value proxy , volatility restriction , KVM , and the transformed-data maximum likelihood with strengths and weaknesses in order to estimate distance to default . If the correct estimation method is not used, there will MoreWe introduced estimation methods include the market value proxy , volatility restriction , KVM , and the transformed-data maximum likelihood with strengths and weaknesses in order to estimate distance to default . If the correct estimation method is not used, there will be distortion in the results . Considering the different balance sheet structure , the transformed- data is introduced by considering the coefficient of other debts as an optimal method in order to estimate distance to default in banks. Then, we used Merton's adjusted model and the transformed- data method during 2012 to 2019 to calculate market value of assets, asset volatility, distance to default, and probability of default in some private banks. The results show that the highest market value of assets is related to Bank Mellat and the lowest is Post Bank . The results achieved by comparing are different regarding volatility of assets, distance to default, and the probability of default. Additionally, the average market value of banks' assets is increasing and the average volatility of assets and the average distance to default is decreasing . In other words, Banks have become closer to default . The Dickey-Fuller test confirms the Stationary of the research model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - کاربردی از مدل های حافظه بلند مدت و شکست ساختاری
منصور کاشی میرفیض فلاح شمس لیالستانی محمد دنیایی -
Open Access Article
148 - کاربرد روش بهینه سازی الگوریتم ژنتیک در طراحی بهینه مسیر انتقال و توزیع کالاهای تولیدی واحدهای صنعتی به منظور مدیریت زمان و هزینه
حسین بدیعی علی میراخورلی -
Open Access Article
149 - Determining the nonlinear effect of the money market interest rate on the Tehran stock exchange by the means of generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model and smooth transition regression (STR) model
Mohammad Mehdiabadi Rahmatollah MohammadipourAmong macroeconomic variables, interest rates are the most important ones; however, the impact of interest rates on prices and returns on the stock exchange is not so clear. In the other words, the relationship between interest rates and stock prices over time is not co MoreAmong macroeconomic variables, interest rates are the most important ones; however, the impact of interest rates on prices and returns on the stock exchange is not so clear. In the other words, the relationship between interest rates and stock prices over time is not constant. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the money market (interbank loan market) interest rates and stock market performance, as well as to investigate the predictability of price behaviour in the Tehran Stock Exchange. To determine effects as well as prediction, GARCH model is applied, also the Brock- Dechert - Scheinkman test (BDS) was used to determine the nonlinear behavior of the series for the stock market risk premium. The research findings confirmed the predictability and nonlinearity relationship between examined variables. Also, the research findings indicated that there is a meaningful relationship between the interbank loan rate with the price to income ratio of the Tehran Stock Exchange Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Application of Gireh on Free Surface Pattern with Recognition of Gireh Projection on Iranian Domes Surface in the Congruence Method
Aref Azizpour Shoubi َAhad NeJad EbrahimiFree surfaces are one of the requirements of contemporary architecture. Owing to the emergence of these surfaces, the configuration of Girehs in Islamic architecture became incompatible with them. The traditional structural principles of Girehs expand two-dimensionally, MoreFree surfaces are one of the requirements of contemporary architecture. Owing to the emergence of these surfaces, the configuration of Girehs in Islamic architecture became incompatible with them. The traditional structural principles of Girehs expand two-dimensionally, whereas free surfaces expand irregularly and three-dimensionally. Gireh-work is considered one of the original and identity-giving decorations in Islamic architecture. To identify and develop contemporary architecture and past architectural achievements, it is necessary to find a strategy for projecting Girehes on free surfaces based on historical authenticity. The Islamic architecture of Iran has had many valuable achievements that can be applied to contemporary architectural challenges. In Iranian Islamic architecture, the dome and Gireh decoration play a crucial role, so the Iranian architect has tried to match these two elements using the geometric features of the dome and Gireh. As part of a qualitative research process, two examples of Iranian domes have been selected and analyzed with a descriptive-analytical approach in order to answer the following question: how Gireh’s geometrical principles on domical surfaces can be applied to contemporary free surfaces? In order to project Gireh onto the dome, a network based on radial gore segments was used as part of the projection technique. Transferring Girehs based on this network causes congruence homogeneity. Topological models of free surfaces are based on NURBS lines, making it possible to discretize and define the points on them. This makes it possible to apply anisotropic congruence transformation to Gireh projections on free surfaces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - The effect of biological and chemical fertilizers on fodder production and dry matter distribution of triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack)
Farhad Beiranvand masoud rafiee Ali Khorgami Kazem TaleshiIn order to study the effect of biological and chemical fertilizers on the performance and transfer of photosynthetic materials of triticale under rainfed conditions, a split plot experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design in two cropping years MoreIn order to study the effect of biological and chemical fertilizers on the performance and transfer of photosynthetic materials of triticale under rainfed conditions, a split plot experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design in two cropping years (2014 and 2015). The tested factors include biofertilizer (main factor) at five levels, control (no use), azotobarvar-1, mycorrhiza, phosphate fertilizer-2, potabarvar-2 and chemical nitrogen fertilizer (urea source) (secondary factor) at four levels, included, control, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha-1. The results showed that the combination of bio-chemical fertilizer increases the yield of fodder and transfer of materials. The efficiency of dry fodder in the combination of 100 and 150 kg/ha-1 of urea fertilizer with biological fertilizers was 5428, 5668 and 3528 kg/ha-1, respectively. The results showed that the maximum and minimum transfer of photosynthetic substances from vegetative organs to seeds (transfer of dry matter, share of transfer of dry matter to seeds, rate of transfer of dry matter from the stem) changes (634.6 g/plant) and (121%). The general results showed that in rainy conditions, the combined application of biofertilizer with urea during planting will result in the optimal yield of triticale. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - Evaluation of dry matter remobilization of assimilates materials amount and their contribution to the yield of different bread wheat varieties and lines in Ardabil
Roghayyeh Zabihi-e-Mahmoodabad Ahmad Tobeh Marefat Ghasemi Shahzad Jamaati-e-SomarinIn order to evaluation of dry matter remobilization of assimilates materials amount and their contribution to the yield of different bread wheat varieties and lines in Ardabil, an experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications with ten cultivars MoreIn order to evaluation of dry matter remobilization of assimilates materials amount and their contribution to the yield of different bread wheat varieties and lines in Ardabil, an experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications with ten cultivars (Includes: Uroom, Zare, MV-Magdalena, Soissons, MV-Toborzo, Mihan, Pishgam, FD-11111 and FD-12073) was done in Research Station of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Ardabil in 2015-2016. Analysis of variance showed a significant difference between the lines and cultivars studied, for different traits. FD-11111 line has the highest number of grain per spikes, grain yield per square meter, the share in the filling and grain growth (7417.9 grams per square meter).The MV-bodri variety has the highest biological yield per square meter, the percentage of share the transfer process dry matter from shoot (19.723%) in the yield and maximum transfer of dry matter from total of shoots to the grain. The MV-Magdalena variety also has the lowest biological yield and highest harvest index, the highest percentage (47.797%) of dry matter remobilization efficiency of shoots and with 3.57 percent was the highest current photosynthesis efficiency. The highest current photosynthesis contribution in Zare cultivar (89.923 grams per square meter) that has the lowest proportion of dry matter remobilization was obtained. So generally can be said that was much higher current photosynthesis contribution in increasing grain yield, and FD-11111 line between studied genotypes, was the best lines. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Response of wheat and barley to nitrogen and drought stress
A. Bahrani S. Hamedi M.S. TadayonPreanthesis stored dry matter in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is important under a Mediterranean climate because grain filling greatly depends on remobilization of preanthesis assimilates. The experiment was carried out at Marvdasht region during 2010-2011 using Complet MorePreanthesis stored dry matter in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is important under a Mediterranean climate because grain filling greatly depends on remobilization of preanthesis assimilates. The experiment was carried out at Marvdasht region during 2010-2011 using Complete Randomized Block, Split-split Plot Design with three replications. Main plots consisted of Irrigation treatments which, were I1 (Nonstressed) and I2 (Post anthesis water stressed plots with 50% FC). Sub plots consisted of fertilizer treatment, which were nitrogen at rates of 50(Low N) and 200 (High N) kg ha-1. Sub-sub plots, wheat and barley cultivars, were Shiraz, Marvdasht, and Nosrat and Rihaneh. Results showed that application of 200 kg N ha-1 had positive effect on all traits and produced more grain yield. Between wheat and barley Marvdasht cultivar produced the highest grain yield. Drought stress increase dry matter remobilization ant its efficiency. Dry matter remobilization and its efficiency were higher in wheat cultivars than barley cultivars. Increasing in nitrogen application increased dry matter remobilization and decreased its efficiency. Interaction effects of nitrogen and irrigation was significant at most traits. In general, it seems that in order to obtain high grain yield nitrogen should be adjusted with amount of irrigation water. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - Analysis of the Structure and the Comparative Advantage of Manufactured Commodities in Iran with the Emphasis on the Shift-Share Analysis approach
S. GhavidelIn this paper to evaluate the comparative advantage of ISLC two digit code manufactured commodities in Iran, two indexes of comparative shift analysis and symmetric revealed comparative advantage in 2002 to 2006 were used. Then, using taxonomy analysis method the MoreIn this paper to evaluate the comparative advantage of ISLC two digit code manufactured commodities in Iran, two indexes of comparative shift analysis and symmetric revealed comparative advantage in 2002 to 2006 were used. Then, using taxonomy analysis method the two indexes were combined and the manufactured goods with comparative advantage were specified. The results showed that in turncoke producing industries-oil refinery (23), chemical materials and products (24), and mine and non-metal products (26) had the highest advantage and administrative machinery products (30) and medical and opticalequipments (33) had the lowest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - Investigating the Effect of Poly (D L-Lactic Acid) Molecular Weight on the Shape Memory Parameters: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Mohammad Amini Abbas MontazeriShape memory polymers are a subset of smart materials that can regain their original shape after a temporary deformation. In recent years, these polymers have been vastly utilized in many industries (especially biomedical). The main purpose of this study was to find the MoreShape memory polymers are a subset of smart materials that can regain their original shape after a temporary deformation. In recent years, these polymers have been vastly utilized in many industries (especially biomedical). The main purpose of this study was to find the influence of the polymer molecular weight on the various shape memory parameters. Additionally, the mechanisms governing the shape memory behavior of polymers are thoroughly studied. Calculating the glass transition temperature and exploring its role on the shape memory behavior of polymeric materials are the other objectives of the current research. In this study, all models were built via Materials Studio and all the simulations were carried out using LAMMPS software. Based on the obtained results, the glass transition temperature of polymer increases with increasing the degree of polymerization. The attempts made to achieve an optimal microstructure revealed that the shape fixity parameter increases from 90% to 94% with increasing the molecular weight from 36000 g/mol to 108000 g/mol. In contrast to the shape fixity, the shape recovery parameter follows a descending trend with increasing the molecular weight. This is attributed to an increase in the ratio of the fixed phase to its reversible counterpart. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - پژوهش تجربی بهبود انتقال انرژی گرمایی در اثر تعلیق نانو ذرات داخل سیال عامل انتقال گرما
ارش کریم پور داود طغرایی امید علی اکبری مجید زرین قلم غلامرضا احمدی شیخ شبانیدر کاربردهای مهندسی انتقال حرارت سیالات از اهمیت ویژهای برخوردار است، بنابراین مهندسان و پژوهشگران، روشهای متعددی را به منظور افزایش انتقال حرارت پیشنهاد کردند. در سالهای اخیر روشهای نوینی به کار گرفته شده است. یکی از این روشها استفاده ازنانوسیالات است. نانوسیال Moreدر کاربردهای مهندسی انتقال حرارت سیالات از اهمیت ویژهای برخوردار است، بنابراین مهندسان و پژوهشگران، روشهای متعددی را به منظور افزایش انتقال حرارت پیشنهاد کردند. در سالهای اخیر روشهای نوینی به کار گرفته شده است. یکی از این روشها استفاده ازنانوسیالات است. نانوسیالات دارای خواص گرمایی مطلوبی نسبت به سیال پایه میباشند. در این تحقیق تاثیر تعلیق نانوذرات اکسید مس داخل سیال عامل آب با کسر حجمی 005/0(5/0%)، تحت رژیم جریان مغشوش در داخل مبدل حرارتی دو لولهای جریان مخالف مورد بررسی قرار میگیرد و مشاهده میشود که تعلیق این میزان از نانو ذرات اکسید مس در داخل سیال پایه آب، منجر به بهبود قابلیت انتقال انرژی گرمایی این سیال عامل از سیستم میگردد. همچنین از سوی دیگر؛ تعلیق نانو ذرات منجر به افزایش افت فشار و ضریب اصطکاک سیال پایه نیز می گردند، اما محاسبات انجام شده نشان میدهند که تاثیرات مثبت استفاده از این میزان نانو ذرات معلق در آب بر بهبود انتقال گرما از سیستم؛ نسبت به تاثیرات منفی آنها بر افزایش افت فشار و ضریب اصطکاک غلبه میکند که این نتایج، محققان را به سوی استفاده از این نانو سیال به عنوان سیال عامل در کاربردهای عملی رهنمون میسازد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - مطالعه انتقال حرارت نانوسیال آب-اکسید تیتانیوم در میکروکانال مثلثی با دندانه نیمه چسبان- نیمه ناقص
موسی حیدری داود طغرایی امید علی اکبریدر پژوهش عددی حاضر انتقال حرارت و جریان آرام نانوسیال در داخل یک میکروکانال سه بعدی با مقطع مثلثی شبیه سازی شده است. به منظور افزایش انتقال حرارت از دیواره-های کانال، دندانههای نیمه چسبان- نیمه ناقص در داخل کانال قرار داده شده و تاثیر هندسه دندانهها و تعداد آنها مو Moreدر پژوهش عددی حاضر انتقال حرارت و جریان آرام نانوسیال در داخل یک میکروکانال سه بعدی با مقطع مثلثی شبیه سازی شده است. به منظور افزایش انتقال حرارت از دیواره-های کانال، دندانههای نیمه چسبان- نیمه ناقص در داخل کانال قرار داده شده و تاثیر هندسه دندانهها و تعداد آنها مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است.در مطالعهی حاضر، سیال پایه آب بوده و تاثیر کسر حجمی نانوذره اکسید تیتانیوم بر میزان انتقال حرارت و فیزیک جریان مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. نتایج ارائه شده شامل توزیع عدد ناسلت در کانال، ضریب اصطکاک و ضریب عملکرد حرارتی برای هر یک از حالتهای مختلف میباشد. نتایج به دست آمده نشان میدهد، وجود دندانهها بر فیزیک جریان تاثیرگذار هستند و میزان تاثیر آنها شدیداً به عدد رینولدز جریان وابسته است. اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از دﻧﺪاﻧﻪ در ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﮐﺎﻧﺎلﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻧﺮخ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﮔﺮادﯾﺎن دﻣﺎﯾﯽ در ﺑﯿﻦ ﻻﯾﻪﻫﺎی ﺳﯿﺎل ﺧﻨﮏ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﯽﺷﻮد و همچنین وﺟﻮد ﻧﺎﻧﻮذرات در ﺳﯿﺎل ﺧﻨﮏ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﻧﯿﺰ در اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت موثر است، به طوریکه ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻋﺪد رﯾﻨﻮﻟﺪز، میزان اثرگذاری نانوذره نیز در اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ انتقال حرارت، افزایش مییابد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - بررسی اثرات شرایط مرزی مختلف بر رفتار آکوستیکی صفحات ساندویچی دو جداره با لایه متخلخل میانی
محمدحسن شجاعی فرد روح ا... طالبی رضا احمدی مائده امیرپور ملادر این مقاله تحلیل رفتار آکوستیکی صفحات ساندویچی دوجداره با لایه متخلخل میانی به منظور بررسی اثرات استفاده از شرایط مرزی مختلف بر روی لایه متخلخل و نیز شناسایی پارامترهای مؤثر بر روی افت انتقال صوت این سازهها و میزان تأثیر هر یک در شرایط مرزی مختلف به روش تحلیلی مورد م Moreدر این مقاله تحلیل رفتار آکوستیکی صفحات ساندویچی دوجداره با لایه متخلخل میانی به منظور بررسی اثرات استفاده از شرایط مرزی مختلف بر روی لایه متخلخل و نیز شناسایی پارامترهای مؤثر بر روی افت انتقال صوت این سازهها و میزان تأثیر هر یک در شرایط مرزی مختلف به روش تحلیلی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. ابتدا بر اساس تئوری بایوت و با در نظر گرفتن اتصال لزجت و اینرسی در نوشتن معادلات دینامیک انتقال تنش و نیز اتصال گرمایی و الاستیک در نوشتن معادلات تنش-کرنش مواد متخلخل، معادلات حاکم بر انتشار موج بهدست میآیند. سپس با اعمال شرایط مرزی مختلف و با استفاده از حل همزمان این معادلات و با نوشتن کد مربوطه در MATLAB، ضریب افت انتقال صوت (TL) سازه به روش تحلیلی محاسبه میشود. نتایج حل تحلیلی با نتایج حل تحلیل انرژی آماری (SEA) و دادههای آزمایشگاهی موجود در این زمینه مقایسه شده و پس از اطمینان از صحت آنها، به شناسایی و بررسی سایر پارامترهای مؤثر بر روی افت انتقال صوت این سازهها و میزان تأثیر هر یک در شرایط مرزی مختلف پرداخته شده است. نتایج نشان میدهند نحوه اتصال لایه متخلخل به صفحه دوجداره و نوع شرایط مرزی آن نقش مهمی در چگونگی افت انتقال صوت و پارامترهای مؤثر بر آن خواهند داشت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - آنالیز حساسیت سیستم انتقال قدرت پیوسته تمام چنبره ای
مجتبی دلخوش محمود سعادت فومنیدر این تحقیق، هدف بهینه­سازی و آنالیز حساسیت سیستم انتقال قدرت پیوسته (CVT) تمام چنبره است. برای این منظور ابتدا این سیستم تحلیل دینامیکی می­شود. سپس تماس بین دیسک و غلتک براساس اصول روانکاری الاستوهیدرودینامیک مدل شده و یک مدل­سازی کامپیوتری برای تعیین ضرای Moreدر این تحقیق، هدف بهینه­سازی و آنالیز حساسیت سیستم انتقال قدرت پیوسته (CVT) تمام چنبره است. برای این منظور ابتدا این سیستم تحلیل دینامیکی می­شود. سپس تماس بین دیسک و غلتک براساس اصول روانکاری الاستوهیدرودینامیک مدل شده و یک مدل­سازی کامپیوتری برای تعیین ضرایب انتقال گشتاور، افت اسپین و بازده سیستم انتقال قدرت تهیه می­شود. برای اطمینان از درستی مدل، خروجی­های آن با خروجی مدل­های استفاده شده در دیگر مقالات مقایسه شده و درستی مدل تایید می­شود. سپس به ازای یک سری شرایط برای CVT تمام چنبره، بهینه­سازی هندسی و سینماتیکی به کمک الگوریتم ژنتیک انجام شده و حداکثر بازده انتقال توان 15/88% به دست آمد. در نهایت حساسیت تابع بازده انتقال توان نسبت به پارامترهای بهینه­سازی حول نقطه بهینه­شان، محاسبه شده و مشخص شد که این تابع، بیشترین حساسیت را نسبت به ضریب بی­بعدk و شعاع انحنای غلتک دارد Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - بررسی انتقال حرارت نانوسیال در کانال با مقطع مثلثی با دو وجه شارثابت و یک وجه دماثابت
محمدامیر آقانجفی بابک مهماندوستمساله بررسی عددی انتقال حرارت در کانال با مقطع مثلث متساوی­­الاضلاع با قطر هیدرولیکی 8 میلیمتر، طول 1 متر با استفاده از نانوسیال آب-اکسیدمس، در 2 قطر 20 و80 نانومتری و کسرحجمی 1، 2 و 4 درصد، ابتدا در حالت شار ثابت در هر 3 وجه کانال و سپس حالت شارثابت Moreمساله بررسی عددی انتقال حرارت در کانال با مقطع مثلث متساوی­­الاضلاع با قطر هیدرولیکی 8 میلیمتر، طول 1 متر با استفاده از نانوسیال آب-اکسیدمس، در 2 قطر 20 و80 نانومتری و کسرحجمی 1، 2 و 4 درصد، ابتدا در حالت شار ثابت در هر 3 وجه کانال و سپس حالت شارثابت بر روی 2 وجه و دمای ثابت بر روی وجه کف(صفحه داغ) می­باشد. نانوسیال بصورت تکفازی در نظر گرفته می­شود. در تکنولوژی نانو، اولین اثر کاهش اندازه ذرات، افزایش سطح است. افزایش نسبت سطح به حجم نانوذرات باعث می­شود که اتم های واقع در سطح، اثر بسیار بیشتری نسبت به اتم های درون حجم ذرات، بر خواص فیزیکی ذرات داشته باشند. همچنین ترکیب نانوذرات با سیال، بواسطه حرکت براونی نانوذرات و اثر خوشه­ای آنها، موجب افزایش ضریب هدایت گرمایی و ضریب انتقال حرارت جابجایی سیال می­شود. از آنجا که در بحث انتقال حرارت، افزایش ضریب انتقال حرارت جابجایی به تنهایی کافی نبوده و عدد ناسلت نیز باید بررسی شود. در این پایان­نامه سعی کردیم هر دو پارامتر را در کنار هم بررسی کنیم. رژیم جریان آرام در نظر گرفته شده است. ضریب انتقال حرارت جابجایی و عدد ناسلت، تاثیر قطر نانوذرات بر میزان انتقال حرارت، تاثیر کسرحجمی نانوذرات بر ماکزیمم سرعت در مقطع عرضی بررسی شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - تحلیل اثرات مواد متخلخل در سیستم مکش موتور خودرو به روش انرژی آماری
محمدحسن شجاعی فرد روح ا... طالبی مائده امیرپور ملا رضا احمدیدر این مقاله تحلیل رفتار آکوستیکی سیستم مکش موتور خودرو به منظور بررسی اثرات استفاده از مواد متخلخل عایق صوت در آن برای کاهش سطح صدای داخل خودرو به روش تحلیل انرژی آماری مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. ابتدا اصول و معادلات جامع روش تحلیل انرژی آماری بیان شده و سپس نحوه مدل Moreدر این مقاله تحلیل رفتار آکوستیکی سیستم مکش موتور خودرو به منظور بررسی اثرات استفاده از مواد متخلخل عایق صوت در آن برای کاهش سطح صدای داخل خودرو به روش تحلیل انرژی آماری مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. ابتدا اصول و معادلات جامع روش تحلیل انرژی آماری بیان شده و سپس نحوه مدلسازی کامل سیستم مکش موتور یک خودرو با استفاده از این روش تشریح میشود. در این مدل با ایجاد زیرسیستمهای مناسب و اعمال منابع اصلی صوت موجود در سیستم مکش موتور، افت انتقال صوت و سطح فشار صوت سیستم مکش هوا در محدوده فرکانسی بالا محاسبه میشود. در ادامه نتایج بهدست آمده از تحلیل انرژی آماری سیستم مکش خودرو با دادههای آزمایشگاهی مقایسه شده و در محدوده فرکانسی بالا صحهگذاری میشوند. در نهایت به بررسی اثرات استفاده از مواد متخلخل بر روی افت انتقال صوت سیستم مکش موتور پرداخته میشود. نتایج نشان میدهند که استفاده از این مواد اثرات مطلوبی در افزایش افت انتقال صوت سیستم مکش موتور و نیز کاهش سطح صدای داخل کابین خودرو خواهند داشت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Perception, Disappearance, Transmission in Lewis’ The Chronicles of Narnia Based on Virilio's Theory of Dromology
سانیا بیات حسن شهابی Fatemeh BornakiThe purpose of this essay is to investigate Lewis’ The Chronicles of Narnia based on Virilio’s theory. Virilio's theory of dromology shows how the human being's viewpoint is shifted by the increase in speed, and how this matter engenders otherness and subjectivity leadi MoreThe purpose of this essay is to investigate Lewis’ The Chronicles of Narnia based on Virilio’s theory. Virilio's theory of dromology shows how the human being's viewpoint is shifted by the increase in speed, and how this matter engenders otherness and subjectivity leading towards a panoptical power. One might say that the future robots are also presented in Lewis's stories: it is the contention of this study that the robots from the other world are the very human beings in the future which are brought closer by the medium of the other devices from the future, which is sweeping the time limitations, through velocity. Lewis's characters act as mirrors to the readers, as a visual equipment to examine oneself, reflecting the reader's own image and the image of their wishes being fulfilled through their researches and innovations. Lewis has explained how the worldview of these characters transfer them into creatures other than what they have been, for what differentiates self from other is the viewpoint through which the world is seen. Lewis's characters can be seen as the representatives of the society. Since the main argument of this essay is to depict the characters of the series are cyborg and live in a cyborg discourse, the principles of panopticon discourse must be used to support and prove the argument. The characters seem to be teleologically purposeful, but their purposes are negatively woven with the negative facets of human being. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - investigating the effect of porosity Percentage on heat transfer in plastic injection molds created by selective laser melting
Seyed mostafa MirTabaei Afshin Judaki Morteza Taher NiyaIt is not possible to fabricate the complex geometry of coherent cooling channels with conventional machining methods, so channels can be created in the mold using additive manufacturing processes such as selective laser melting. Parts created by selective laser melting MoreIt is not possible to fabricate the complex geometry of coherent cooling channels with conventional machining methods, so channels can be created in the mold using additive manufacturing processes such as selective laser melting. Parts created by selective laser melting always have porosity, and the amount of porosity depends on process parameters. On the other hand, the ability to make porous materials with a selective laser melting process has made these materials with features such as lower density and better heat transfer in the aerospace industry, automobile, medical uses and heat exchangers to be the attention of researchers and according to Porosity Percentage, in addition to directly affecting mechanical properties, also affects heat transfer. In this research, the effect of porosity on heat transfer in the mold was investigated. First, the model and mold were designed, in order to investigate the effect of porosity, four simulation models with volume porosity percentage of 0, 10, 20 and 30% were performed and analyzed in the software. The analysis of the results shows that the increase in the percentage of porosity in the mold causes a faster increase in temperature in the mold, also with the increase in the percentage of porosity in the mold, the speed of temperature decrease in the mold increases. And the cooling of the part happens faster. Examining the results of the maximum thermal gradient of the non-porous material compared to the material with 30% porosity shows a 21% increase in the thermal gradient in the porous material Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Improvement of Agents Performance in Artificial Society Using Reinforcement Learning
Amirpooyan Khodabakhshi Arash Rahman Mohsen RohaniAbstract Usually in multi-agent systems, interactions between agents and agents interactions with the environment would be formed as selection and implementation of operations of a limited set of specific actions by agents. Therefore, the type and complexity rate of th MoreAbstract Usually in multi-agent systems, interactions between agents and agents interactions with the environment would be formed as selection and implementation of operations of a limited set of specific actions by agents. Therefore, the type and complexity rate of the emergent behaviours resulting from these interactions is also dependent on the how to implementation and numbers of applicable behaviours by the agents. In the conducted research it was tried to investigate the impact of learning on improvement of agents’ behaviour in the selection of methods (strategies) of experience transfer and in improving the welfare indexes (measures) in the artificial society with the development of model of acquiring and transferring experience as well as adding learning capability to agents. Reinforcement learning was the learning method proposed in this study to increase the range of agents’ capabilities. With using this method, agents learned over time how to select and implement more appropriate actions in confrontation with different environmental conditions to be closer to the individual and social goals. The results of simulation and experiments showed that applying learning process can lead to improve behaviour of agents and improve welfare indexes (measures) in the artificial society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - Family Entrepreneurship: A Case Study For Representing The Role Of Children In Competitiveness Of Family Business
Alemeh Shahidi Datis Khajeheian Yasaman GorjiFamily businesses are a growing and very important form of business in the economy of societies, whose future and survival depend on the proper implementation of the succession process and encouraging children to play a role in these businesses. In this regard, the pres MoreFamily businesses are a growing and very important form of business in the economy of societies, whose future and survival depend on the proper implementation of the succession process and encouraging children to play a role in these businesses. In this regard, the present study has conducted with the purpose of conceptualizing the conditions of family businesses and also identifying the role of the next generations in its development, and for this purpose, a qualitative study was put on the researcher's agenda and the number of 7 managers and owners of one of the family businesses in Tehran city, were examined and studied as research participants using the case study method. The findings of the research indicate that currently, 4 main topics, which have been mentioned as the main themes of the current research, can help to strengthen the role of children in the family business, these themes are: strategic management, business strategies, business transfer and business characteristics. It should be noted that the mentioned cases can provide the necessary ground for participation and play a more and more effective role of children in managing family businesses and maintaining their survival, and thus, upgrade, the competitiveness of family businesses in today's competitive markets. Manuscript profile
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