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Open Access Article
1 - Measurement And Evaluation Of Metropolitan Areas Of Tehran In Terms Of Diversity And Mix Of Urban Uses
Vahid BostanAhmadi majid akbari سیمین ارمغان Arash GhasempourIn recent years, mixing of land use and mixed development has become one of the important areas of research in urban studies. One of the important topics related to the mix of uses is how to measure it in urban areas. Due to the fact that in many researches, the mix of MoreIn recent years, mixing of land use and mixed development has become one of the important areas of research in urban studies. One of the important topics related to the mix of uses is how to measure it in urban areas. Due to the fact that in many researches, the mix of uses is assumed as an independent variable that affects other aspects of the urban environment, so how to measure it is very important to achieve reliable results. This research has been carried out in order to measure and evaluate the areas of Tehran metropolis in terms of diversity and mix of urban uses. This research is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of targeting. The methods of collecting information and data are in the form of documents (municipal statistics and detailed plan). Shannon's entropy, Gray's relationship analysis, Shannon-Wiener and Simpson's dominance models were used to analyze the data and information obtained in ARC/GIS software. Region 3 ranks first with diversity index (0.496) and Simpson dominance index (0.059487). Regions 20 and 19 are ranked second and third respectively with diversity index (0.395) and (0.304) and Simpson dominance index (0.019127) and (0.007362). On the other hand, region 8 with the lowest diversity index (0.022) and Simpson dominance index (0.000006) is ranked last. It shows that 2 regions (4 and 1) are in very high condition, 2 regions (5 and 2) are in high condition, 7 regions (3, 9, 6, 22, 18, 16 and 15) are in medium condition. 5 regions (12, 11, 7, 19 and 20) are in low status and 6 regions (14, 13, 21, 10, 8, low and 17) are in very low status. Statistically, %9 of the regions are in a very high condition, %9 in a high condition, %32 in an average condition, %23 in a low condition, and %27 in a very low condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Smart Land-Use Analysis in Areas with Capability Development with Using the Model of Land Use Conflict Identification Strategy (LUCIS) (Case Study: 22nd. District of Tehran Metropolis)
Mojtaba Rafieian Negin Afshar Ali Akbar TaghvaeeIn recent ages, smart and flexible land use planning have mainly focused on guidance of urban development and prevention of irregular growth of cities, especially metropolitans with lack of monitoring and control during the process of land use planning that will l MoreIn recent ages, smart and flexible land use planning have mainly focused on guidance of urban development and prevention of irregular growth of cities, especially metropolitans with lack of monitoring and control during the process of land use planning that will lead to destroying a lot of lands with priority of conservation and agriculture. A glance at the procedure of changes in the past shows that the strategies and instruments of management and also of land use planning did not have enough and essential substantive and practical values. Therefore more efficient thoughts must be considered and used to adopt new management policies, simply because the patterns and relationships of land use have a significant influence on the vitality, character and all together the quality of a certain community. One of the suggested strategies for smart analysis of land use in zones with potential of development is using a model named LAND USE CONFLICT IDENTIFICATION STRATEGY (LUCIS) which has been used for the first time by the urban planning experts of Florida University in 9 regions of Florida State, during the last decade. In this study we have endeavored to follow the path of this research based on developed ideologies and methods. The Land-Use Conflict Identification Strategy, (LUCIS), is a goal-driven GIS model that produces a spatial representation of probable patterns of future land use. LUCIS identifies sensitive environmental factors that would be impacted by urban development, and conversely areas that are positive factors for conservation uses. LUCIS also identifies suitable and/or unsuitable lands for specific types of urban development potential or agricultural productivity. In this framework, to investigate the remedy of efficiency of this model, twenty second region of Tehran (Region 22 of Tehran) was chosen as the case study because of its distinguished characteristics and developing conditions. This region which is known as the west entrance of Tehran has been considered as a developing region due to its connections to the city limits in recent years and having natural resources such as northern mountains of the region as well as dry rivers which has been influenced by ungovernable urban development. The aim - according to application of theoretical content and methodology of LUCIS model –was achieving a scheme that is consistent with natural and artificial characteristics in this region with focus on creation of balance and coordination between the procedure of developing and conservation of natural resources. To consider analyzing the necessary informational layers, the results demonstrate that the residential zone makes a rather vast part of this region (over 25 percent) – using that distributed in the whole of this region especially between Chitgar Park and Vard Aavard Dry River. The most Comparative conflicts (with the rate of more than 25 percent) have happened between residential-conservational zones at the northern parts of the region and near the dry rivers with mixed used zones in the available urban fabric. According to this, intervention strategies have been compiled in different land-use planning scenarios and performed for elimination of conflicts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Evaluation the Role of Factors Affecting the Feasibility of Urban Development Plans through Structural Equation Model (A Case Study in Shiraz City)
Naser Rezaei Hamid Majedi Zahra Sadat Saeideh Zarabadi Hossein Zabihi -
Open Access Article
4 - Evaluating the Effects of Land Use Spatial Structure on Pedestrian's Mental Safety in Urban Mahallas layouts Using Space Syntax (Case Study: Manzariye and Bazar Malallas in Tabriz, Iran)
Mahshid Ghorbanian -
Open Access Article
5 - Uncontrolled Urban Expansion, Population Growth and Urban Development in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
Olusegun Oriye -
Open Access Article
6 - Urban Transformation: a Changing Phase of Minna Central Area, Nigeria
Bamiji Michael Adeleye Oluwabukola Adetola Ayangbile Ayobami Popoola M. Ndana -
Open Access Article
7 - Mapping of the distribution and canopy density of Northern Zagros forests using Sentinel-2 satellite images in the West Azerbaijan province, Iran
جلال هناره خلیانی Naser Ahmadi Sani Farahnaz RashidiSince there are different statistics on the area, distribution, and density of Zagros forests, continuous monitoring and evaluation of these forests are facing implementation problems. The available statistics and information from Zagros forests are not effective in the MoreSince there are different statistics on the area, distribution, and density of Zagros forests, continuous monitoring and evaluation of these forests are facing implementation problems. The available statistics and information from Zagros forests are not effective in the management decisions of these forests due to many reasons such as their preparation in the traditional way or their oldness. In this research, a high-accuracy map of canopy density and distribution of Zagros forests as well as the determination of other land uses have been prepared using Sentinel-2 images of 2019 in the south of West Azarbaijan province. The image classifications were performed with the supervised method and ML and SVM algorithms in the ENVI 5.3 software environment. The Bing and Google Earth images were used to prepare the ground truth map to evaluate the accuracy of the output maps. In this research, the five non-forest land uses including ranges, gardens, agriculture, water sources, and barren and residential lands were classified. The results showed that the maximum likelihood algorithm with an overall accuracy of 87.3% and a kappa coefficient of 0.74 was the most accurate in preparing the canopy density map. The available statistics showed that the state of forest cover in the province is not in a favorable condition and the area of Zagros forest in the province is equal to 60200.55 ha, which is equivalent to about 90% of the updated statistics of the forests, rangelands, and watershed management organization of the country (67235,91 ha) in 2020. It can be stated that Sentinel-2 data has an acceptable efficiency in terms of accuracy and cost for preparing the canopy density and distribution map of forest areas and preparing the land use map. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The Influence of forest land use changing into tea garden on soil chemical properties and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi population (Case study: Lahijan)
Shirin Shafiee Ali Salehi Ehsan KohnehChanging land use causes changes in the soil, which in turn affect the organic matter, nutrients, and soil organisms including fungi. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are terrestrial microorganisms that coexist with the roots of a wide range of forest and non-forest p MoreChanging land use causes changes in the soil, which in turn affect the organic matter, nutrients, and soil organisms including fungi. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are terrestrial microorganisms that coexist with the roots of a wide range of forest and non-forest plants. The diversity and distribution of this fungus are affected by the composition of plant species, soil characteristics, environmental conditions, and soil microorganisms. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of changing land use from forest to tea garden on soil chemical properties and the coexistence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The samples were randomly collected from forest and tea plantation areas near to the heights of Lahijan and 20 samples were collected from each area at a depth of 0-30 cm around the roots in the autumn. At the same time, fine root samples were obtained from the rhizosphere of the trees and tea bushes. The colonization percentage and the number of spores of mycorrhizal fungi, organic carbon, pH, phosphorus, and soil absorbable potassium were measured. The results indicated that the average percentage of colonization and the number of spores in the forest soil was higher than in the tea garden soil. There was a significant difference between pH and organic carbon and absorbable potassium in the soil. There was a negative correlation between the number of mycorrhiza spores and the soil absorbable potassium (r = -0.418) and soil pH (r = -0.571). There was a positive correlation between the percentage of root colonization and pH (r = 0.453 **). Finally, changing of land use and vegetation following by soil chemical properties changing, resulted in decreasing the coexistence and number of mycorrhizal fungi spores in the soil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Analysis of the spatial structure of urban settlements and rural with approach land use planning (Case Study section Salafchegan Qom)
mostafa tavakoli saed zanghaneh alireza darban astaneh amir talkhabspatial Planning organization is to plan for distribution optimal spatial infrastructure facilities and services in urban and rural settlements in the region and area. Planning spatial organization becomes reality in the form of spatial structure of the region and the a Morespatial Planning organization is to plan for distribution optimal spatial infrastructure facilities and services in urban and rural settlements in the region and area. Planning spatial organization becomes reality in the form of spatial structure of the region and the area. In this study have been carried out the analytical method, and with applied purpose to rely on library resources and data obtained from the Statistical Center of Iran and other relevant institutions, objective is analysis spatial structure Salafchegan District city of Qom.The results which have taken place based on geographic information system (GIS) in the interpolation facilities and services and TOPSIS at the leveling of settlements, show that in terms of the services and facilities according to the results of settlements five settlements Jndab Tayqan Rahjerd galea Cham and taj Khatun as the most developed settlements Salafchegan sector in terms of having been considered and the five settlements Tarlab Fathabad Nietzsche Gharehsou and Dolatabad as deprived settlements in this respect are known. According to the results at the end of the study is presented proposals to complete the study and provide ideas for better spatial planning in the future in this area Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - User evaluation of urban green space in the process of sustainable development (Case study: Eslamshahr)
Nemat Hosseinzadeh Elham Amini Zeynab Yaghobpor Majid NaghaviDue to population growth and increasing pollution in the urban environment, it is increasingly vital role of green spaces.Green space as a natural filter to reduce environmental pollution and to ensure that the relative range of individual and social health of city resi MoreDue to population growth and increasing pollution in the urban environment, it is increasingly vital role of green spaces.Green space as a natural filter to reduce environmental pollution and to ensure that the relative range of individual and social health of city residents and the environment is relaxed. Due to the critical parameters, the quantity and quality of urban green space should be proportional to the physical size of the city (roads and buildings) and social needs (leisure and health needs) come, to live as green space, environmental efficiency is constant. So should develop urban green space to remain stable, according to local climatic characteristics of cognitive and local elections to be considered. For this reason, the aim of this paper is to study the evaluate the user state landscaping Eslamshahr of the model is strategic swot. On the basis of field studies and surveys of experts to collect and identify a list of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats were addressed, and to deal with their strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats mutually Aggressive. The results show that at present, the per capita use of existing green space for the residents of this town is not up to standard Eslamshahr. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Evaluating the spatial structure and trends of cultural land use changes in cities By quantitative models (Case study of Baneh city)
Bakhtyar ezatpanahThe purpose of this research is to determine the share of cultural Land use and to analyze the trend of changes in this usage among different areas of the city as well as to evaluate the access of neighborhoods to urban services. This research is applied in terms of pur MoreThe purpose of this research is to determine the share of cultural Land use and to analyze the trend of changes in this usage among different areas of the city as well as to evaluate the access of neighborhoods to urban services. This research is applied in terms of purpose and the research method has been descriptive-analytic. To analyze the data collected from share change models, the Williamson index and Shannon entropy coefficient have been used. The results of the analysis of the analytical model of change in share showed that although there is a lack of cultural Land use in most neighborhoods of Baneh city, but based on the proposals of the new master plan, the trend and share of spatial development of these spaces is increasing among regions 3 and 4. Also, based on Williamson's calculations, we conclude that most of Baneh's neighborhoods have uneven access to cultural Land use. The calculations of the Entropy model also showed that the cultural Land use factor of city in 2006 was 0.683, which is 0.66 in 1395, which tends to number 1, indicating the equitable and balanced development of the user in the detailed horizons of the city. will be. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Spatial analysis and explain the location model of vulnerable land uses in the face of abnormal crises (Case study: Mashhad)
Mohammad Reza Akhavan Abdollahian Seyed Moslem Seyedalhoseni toktam hanaee fatemeh mohammadniay gharaeiAs human knowledge advances in various fields, the probability of their vulnerability to natural and man-made crises has increased significantly.One of the important issues from the perspective of crisis management is to identify suitable places for deploying vulnerable MoreAs human knowledge advances in various fields, the probability of their vulnerability to natural and man-made crises has increased significantly.One of the important issues from the perspective of crisis management is to identify suitable places for deploying vulnerable uses in order to provide quick assistance in times of crisis.The present article seeks to locate these uses based on efficient criteria in the city of Mashhad.The method of the present study is descriptive and location and is applied in terms of purpose. Gathering information from library sources and published documents and statistics.Numerous criteria were determined using the opinion of experts and determining the degree of importance of criteria and sub-criteria and prioritizing vulnerable users was done with the help of confirmatory factor analysis and hierarchical analysis and related software.Based on the combination of different layers of information, it was possible to determine the degree of vulnerability. Therefore, based on the analysis, some vulnerable areas are not in a good position in terms of criteria. A suitable model was proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The Analysis of Landscape Structure and Land Use Changes as an Ecological Approach to Acheive the Sustainable Regional Planning (case study: Latian Dam Watershed)
Banafsheh Shafie Homa Irani Behbahani Amir Hossein Javid Hassan Darabi Farhad Hosseinzadeh Lotfi,Landscape changes occur by natural trends or disturbing events. The current study evaluated the landscape structure changes of Latian Dam watershed by means of landscape metrics to achieve the ecological approach in order to formulate sustainable regional development an MoreLandscape changes occur by natural trends or disturbing events. The current study evaluated the landscape structure changes of Latian Dam watershed by means of landscape metrics to achieve the ecological approach in order to formulate sustainable regional development and planning for area of the study. Land use changes were identified using four time-series atmospherically-corrected surface reflectance Landsat images from 1987 to 2017.Then,7 metrics in landscape level and 8 metrics in class level were chosen to quantification the landscape structure by Fragstats 4.2 software, in order to analyze the landscape changes. The results and analysis show the increase in NP and IJI, and the decrease of AREA-MN which mean the fragmentation occurs in landscape level. The increase of AREA-MN and NP in built-area class shows the tendency to coarse grain structure (homogeneity), and the decrease of AREA-MN and increase of NP in vegetated area class, shows the tendency to fine grain structure (heterogeneity) in landscape level. These scientific findings of past, present and ability to estimate the future land use of the study area will assist planners and decision-makers to formulate environmental protection plans to conserve natural heritage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - The effect of space layout components, land use and traffic and road network on urban air pollution (Case study: Tabriz)
Ruhollah Namaki Akbar Abdollahzadeh Hasan Sattari SarbangholiAir pollution in the city is one of the most important issues that affect the environment, community health, economy, management of urban areas, etc. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of space layout components, land use and traffic and road network on MoreAir pollution in the city is one of the most important issues that affect the environment, community health, economy, management of urban areas, etc. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of space layout components, land use and traffic and road network on urban air pollution. The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the study consisted of experts living in Tabriz. The sample size includes 45 people. Descriptive statistical tests, regression in SPSS software were used to analyze the data. The results of this study showed that land use, space layout, traffic and network of roads and urban density have a positive and significant effect on air pollution. Also, among the components related to the arrangement of space, the interconnected component has the most impact. Among the land use components, the green space density component has the opposite effect on air pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Evaluation and analysis of urban land use resilience (Case study: District 22 of Tehran)
elnaz rezaie esmail salehi akramolmolok lahijanian amir hoshang ehsaniCities are often the site of overcrowding and man-made phenomena. For this reason, in the absence of earthquake preparedness, the probability of human and financial losses is high. The main issue is to what extent the society is able to return to its original state afte MoreCities are often the site of overcrowding and man-made phenomena. For this reason, in the absence of earthquake preparedness, the probability of human and financial losses is high. The main issue is to what extent the society is able to return to its original state after a major disaster. Therefore, measuring and analyzing the resilience of urban land use clarifies the importance and necessity of the present study. The general purpose of this article is to determine the importance of the role of each of the criteria and indicators of resilience in District 22 of Tehran as an environmental area. The research method of this research is descriptive-analytical, and its nature is applied. In this study, first the theoretical framework of the research was done by collecting information through documentary studies, then the degree of resilience of urban land use, based on the opinions of experts and review of previous research, criteria and sub-criteria of resilience were determined. After that, pairwise comparisons of indicators were performed with the help of 20 faculty members and experts who specialized in urban planning and management. In order to evaluate and evaluate the final degree of resilience, FAHP method and GIS system have been used. Finally, evaluations and studies showed that the average resilience of the structural-natural criterion is moderate in District 22 of Tehran Municipality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Detection and monitoring of land use change using supervised classification method and post classification comparison (case study of Assaluyeh area)
farhad hamze Hadi AbdollahiCoastal areas has been important for mankind because of the abundance of potential possibilities for development since long time ago and this can be the reason for concentration of %75 of the world's population at radius of 200 km from the coasts.The purpose of this stu MoreCoastal areas has been important for mankind because of the abundance of potential possibilities for development since long time ago and this can be the reason for concentration of %75 of the world's population at radius of 200 km from the coasts.The purpose of this study is the change detection of land use in coastal areas of assalouye by using landsat images in two 16-year periods (2984-2000-2016). Land use maps for these years was extracted from landsat satellite imagery and was corrected by using of available maps and also google earth images and was verified through the error matrix approach, kappa coefficient and overall accuracy. kappa coefficient ( 0.94; 08808 and 0.9517) and overall accuracy (96.56%; 95.4952% and 93.5883% ) was obtained for 1984, 2000 and 2016 years respectively.The results show that increase in area in the residential areas use unit (126.36 square kilometer ) and vegetation (6.13 square kilometer) and decrease in area in the bayer areas use class (-125.37) and water range (-7.15 square kilometer) has been created during 32 years. Bayer lands has the most changes and residential areas unit as the most development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - The Determination of Andimeshk Urban Physical Development With the Application of R.S and G.I.S
اصغر Nazarian سیمین Tolaei مریم KhosraviMost of the cities have been exposed by physical growth. This could be explained byhigh population groyth as well as rural – urban migration. This in turn, resulted the inthe development of cities upon unsuitable lands.This study deals with the determination of An MoreMost of the cities have been exposed by physical growth. This could be explained byhigh population groyth as well as rural – urban migration. This in turn, resulted the inthe development of cities upon unsuitable lands.This study deals with the determination of Andimeshk urban physicaldevelopment using T. M (1987), (ETM (2002), and LISS PAN (2003) projectionsystems.The Methodology of this study is as follows:At first urban land use maps were drawn. The urban physical development rates werecomputed based on comparsion between the maps. In the next step, taking intoconsidration the relevant factors responsible for urban physical development potential,distance layers pertaining to distance of the city from C.BD, from main routes, fromwest ravine were determined and scaled. This is followed by calssification of land into10 brackets. The final aereage devoted to future development were computed by 1408.it is suggested that urban physical development of Andimeshk were confined to justvertical development due to preservation of agricultural lands of the city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Analysis of land use in Amol City
Masoud Mahdavi Ali TavakolanPlanning of urban land use is the main core of urban planning. Today, disorder hasbeen created in characteristics of land use in the cities due to unplanned urbanism.Orderliness of urban land use is highly important for qualitative enhancement ofurbanism. City of Amol i MorePlanning of urban land use is the main core of urban planning. Today, disorder hasbeen created in characteristics of land use in the cities due to unplanned urbanism.Orderliness of urban land use is highly important for qualitative enhancement ofurbanism. City of Amol is one of the cities in which disorder in urban land use hascaused incontinence for citizens, which includes lack of proportion between per capitaof occupancies and standard per capita and inappropriate performance of certainactivities. Considering such problems, this article is compiled with the aim oforderliness of city environment for the purpose of enhancement of quality of living.In this article, problems and disorders of every single occupancies have beenverified qualitatively and quantitatively and analysis of occupancies has been dealtwith in consideration of geographical, economic and structural conditions of the cityand sustainable development, per capita and conventional standards of town planningby application of Geographical Information System. Results of verifications werecompiled in the form of presenting desirable situation for each occupancy as well asoffering general suggestionsand guidancesFinally, theresults showed that according to figure of per capita (Excluding culturalreligiousoccupancies), per capita of other occupancies is lower thanusual per capita incities of Iran while it is lower than world standards. The elements that can be effectivefor elimination of problems are namely diversity of occupancies, improving theoperational quality of occupancies and their suitable accessibility and distribution ofservices in the fields associated with the city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Space,Land Use and Rural Development
Masoud Mahdavi Aeizh AzmiToday, development and rural development are important themes in developingsocieties that theirs aim are to pursue approaches that helps to improving rural peoplecondition. This subject urge some countries that focus on growth untill developmentand it results the countr MoreToday, development and rural development are important themes in developingsocieties that theirs aim are to pursue approaches that helps to improving rural peoplecondition. This subject urge some countries that focus on growth untill developmentand it results the countries have problem in distributimg profits of development. Forsolving this problem, in developing countries, many tools presents untill decrease gapamong people groups, for example land use & Agronomy reform. Land use is forequal disributaion among people, and agronomy reform help to reconstruct economic& production of society in the country. Thus it is essential that we notice to landscapeassesment and space. In this direction, it is important that define earth and presentearth assessment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The analysis of land use planning trends in city of tabriz with sustainable development view point during 5 years (2004-2008)
K. Hoseinzade Dalir Rahim Sarvar Hossein Bejani Tohid AhmadiLand use planning is type of use, distribution and protection of land. This type of planning can studied in deferent point of view, for instance sustainable development is one of most acceptable appointment in land use planning. In this research we have tried to study a MoreLand use planning is type of use, distribution and protection of land. This type of planning can studied in deferent point of view, for instance sustainable development is one of most acceptable appointment in land use planning. In this research we have tried to study and evaluate the land use planning in city of Tabriz according to sustainable development criteria. In this study we have suggested coordinating or non coordinating of land use planning with sustainable development in Tabriz for 5 years since 2004-2008. our methodology and technique followed of document analysis. In this research All of data are documented and consist of approvals in commission of article of 5 of urban planning low. in result we suggest that the land use planning in Tabriz is not perfectly according to sustainable planning criteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Effect of land use and vegetation on erosion forms and sediment production (Case Study: Watershed Vers Qazvin province)
Mehrdad Esfandiari Abolfazl Moeini Rahele MoqadasiIn recent years, the interaction of land use change with soil erosion has become a major environmental concern and has a dramatic impact on soil erosion and sediment yield. In this research the impact of land use and vegetation on erosion forms and sediment production o MoreIn recent years, the interaction of land use change with soil erosion has become a major environmental concern and has a dramatic impact on soil erosion and sediment yield. In this research the impact of land use and vegetation on erosion forms and sediment production of the basin vers in Qazvin province was investigated using MPSIAC erosion model by Geographical Information System (GIS). The different forms of erosion (Surface, Rill, gully, bank, Stream) can be seen as moderate to severe in vers watershed. Amount of sediment for the whole of watershed was 7.1 ton per hectare per year and the amount erosion was 7.04 tons per hectare per year. Dryland farming with 2.14 (metric tons per hectare per year) has the greatest impact on erosion and sediment yield. In pasture (type 3) and dry farming have very high sediment yield and indicated the improper use of land. Sediment produced on pasture (Type 1) Less than a garden land use that reflects the positive impact of proper pasture vegetation in reducing the amount of erosion and deposition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - "Land Use" Planning; the Tool of Implementing Social Equity (Introduction for Land Use planning Role in Implement of Social Equity and Sustainable Development)
رحیم Sarvar حسن EsmaeilzadehSpatial unbalances, that be created from centralized approaches in development planning collections specially afterwards from forth planning and in first 1971th, compelled planners and decision- makers to find a way for implementing socio-spatial equity as the goal. The MoreSpatial unbalances, that be created from centralized approaches in development planning collections specially afterwards from forth planning and in first 1971th, compelled planners and decision- makers to find a way for implementing socio-spatial equity as the goal. These problems be created because of absence regional approaches and developmental views, that affected for social, economical, cultural, physical, managmental and policy- making aspects. Compile charter "land use"planning in 1971th, was a step for compensating prejudicial effects for cities and regions in Iran and restoring regional balances. The goal of "land use" planning is justly distribution of resources and population and ecological, economical and social considerations belong to intellectual organizing of space in regional and national level, that distribute population and economical activities in proper manner in relation to natural resources. This research attempt to prove that creating relation among environment, human and his activities, and attention to regionalism approaches is the best manner in obtaining social equity and human development. Undoubtly, using systemic approach in "land use" study and implementing its aims in justice manner will sustain cities and regions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - The Geomorphology of Darangir playa
R. Noujavan H. SadoughEvery kind of Geomorphological Landscapes has a basic roll in regionaldevelopment.In Yazd province using every kind of land use projects withought consideringplaya's landscape can't Complot the chain of it's development and Constraction,because. The playa's landscape is MoreEvery kind of Geomorphological Landscapes has a basic roll in regionaldevelopment.In Yazd province using every kind of land use projects withought consideringplaya's landscape can't Complot the chain of it's development and Constraction,because. The playa's landscape is one of the basic. Units of morphotectonic. In thisprovince. (Siah Kooh playa – Abar kooh playa Daranjir- Harat and marvast playa's andSaghand playa and….)Finding away for using, Landuse projects has a special roll in regional developmentAnd researching and recognizing this landscapes is one of the basic part of landuseproject in this province.Among of these playa's , Daranjir or bafgh playa is the thired playa (From the pointof area viwes) which it's shape like a hole (North – west to south – east).It's placed between kharanagh and bafgh. Which is in east of Yazd province.In this paper. Which is provide in base of Analytical Methodes and using a numberof digital dataes, in GIS Frame work, We can recognized different geomorphologicalaspects of this region and it's potential. In five surfaces (Convex, Concave – traces andun sustainability wind surfaces) and Conclude that: Knowing the paleo and dinamysmgeomorphology Of this region.Has an important roll in Document of Development sterategy Frame work .Because of the result of this researches. Salinization process is active in Daranjirplaya now (We can see it's effects on different part of playa).There are some Evidence of active Tectonic in the south – west of this region andanalysis of drainages show anticidence conception too.Because of above Conclusion and several other limitations we can say this region isnot suitable for development in tourism Field.The main axes of development in this area can be concentrated on mine activitiesespecially. Rare metals element which is deposite in playa Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Anzali Wetland and morphological characteristics of the impact of changes in land use
Mohsen RanjbarCaspian basin after being removed from the open seas or lakes in Pliocene time, money andsince then a series of tectonic activity, fluctuating water levels, the effect of waves andcurrents of the river morphology and current as it created. Sediments along the shoreline MoreCaspian basin after being removed from the open seas or lakes in Pliocene time, money andsince then a series of tectonic activity, fluctuating water levels, the effect of waves andcurrents of the river morphology and current as it created. Sediments along the shoreline toerosion and sedimentation caused severe changes in morphology are Anzali wetland.Morphological forms based on the manufacturer and type deposits occur in differentenvironments. Recognizing symptoms and morphological changes that could be a pivotal rolein coastal planning and coastal management have. Swamps and wetlands, Delta, tab, sand,sandy zones, sand dunes, marine terraces and flood plains, mud zones, alluvial Fans,landscape morphology are observed in different parts of the Caspian Sea and Anzali Wetland.Current status of the beach about 10 thousand years ago with the general trend of lowering thewater levels is. In recent decades, human factors, the coast is one of the basic parameters ofthe deformation. Margin morphology can identify shifts in the development and landuseplanning coastlines, coastal areas to be effective. In this research, studies, documents andsoftware using Ilwis, Autocad and photoshop and aerial photographs, geological maps,topographic1/ 20000 and 1/50000 and a method based on RS and GIS methods to separatethe units in the sedimentary environment they have been marked And the resulting changes inthe rate of water level changes and coastal morphology and sedimentary units, replacement ofthe final maps will be prepared. Anzali wetland in coastal sediments of the tab is made up ofcoastal and coastal barriers. Anzali lagoon behind the beach is one of the lakes that were oncepart of the Caspian Sea coastal waters. Anzali wetland in the past had a large spread butgradually by alluvial sediments - Sefidrood deltaic branches and rivers of Rasht region, Masaland Fouman is filled. Anzali indentation tectonics is derived from the Caspian Sea backwardsomewhat isolated from the sea and sand with a blade (the area between Anzali andKapurchal) is formed. Facies of Pleistocene marine and coastal areas indicates the presence ofPleistocene Sea coast at the foot of the Alborz. Gradually with the gradual retreat of the seaand tectonic activity has increased the extent of the coastal plain. Coastal facies, especiallyalong the asphalt road protrusion City - Friday Market (Friday Market on the northern sidereached a three-way road) that is visible is located in the south of Anzali wetland. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - An Analysis of the Feasibility of Urban Land Use in Comprehensive plans of small cities (Case Study of Asgaran City)
Mehdi Ebrahimi Boozani reza mokhtary Naser KarimiIntroduction and purpose of the research :The most important issue in the process of preparing and implementing urban development plans is the issue of their feasibility, and if these plans are implemented in the prescribed manner, public benefits and facilities will be MoreIntroduction and purpose of the research :The most important issue in the process of preparing and implementing urban development plans is the issue of their feasibility, and if these plans are implemented in the prescribed manner, public benefits and facilities will be provided and many urban problems will be resolved.. However, there are very few studies that show the feasibility of these projects in small towns.For this reason, in this article, the master plan of Askran city of Isfahan province with the level of small-scale cities has been studied.Research method: The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature and its data is based on documentary sources and field observation.Findings:The results show that the average percentage of feasibility of the proposed population of the comprehensive plan of Asgaran city is equal to 60.84%, which can be selected as the average feasibility of land uses. Accordingly, the feasibility of administrative and disciplinary uses, residential, educational, historical heritage and urban facilities above average, and the feasibility of other land uses have been below average.Among these uses, two commercial-service uses and park and green space had less than ten percent feasibility and recreational-tourism use, protective and therapeutic green space had zero and even negative feasibility. Thus, it can be said that the feasibility of land use proposed by the Asgaran Master Plan has been very low.Conclusions: Asgaran city master plan, like all comprehensive plans prepared with a traditional model, has little feasibility and with most of the weaknesses and bottlenecks of this model, including the separation of the design process from the implementation stage, definite planning and user location Followed by little flexibility and non-adaptation to changing spatio-temporal conditions, disregard for the financial and administrative resources of the municipality, stereotyping of the plan, disregard for the interests and needs of stakeholders, disregard for macroeconomic and political factors And social, ignorance of land ownership, and so on. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The role of Detailed plan in the planning and organization of Zanjan city land use
Mir Saeed Moosavi Seyed Mohammad Hossein JafariIntroduction and Aim: In urban planning, Land use optimization for organizing and creating the right environment with different functions for optimal access of citizens to be well used. The objective of most development projects and urban. The is target, Examines the La MoreIntroduction and Aim: In urban planning, Land use optimization for organizing and creating the right environment with different functions for optimal access of citizens to be well used. The objective of most development projects and urban. The is target, Examines the Land use state of City Zanjan and Detailed plan role in the planning and organization of land use. Method: The is Research method This Paper descriptive-analytical. The Library and field data collection method was performed. The Probit regression and compatibility matrix, utility, capacity and dependence for data analysis was used. Findings:According to the functionalism approach, the detailed plan of Zanjan, amount of land use compliance with standard capita, lower than normal. And the performance of plan was weak. Conclusions: The probit regression test results, use per capita in the city on the basis 0.05 P> is 0.073 times normal, the user after a detailed plan is not in the standard range. Also, the matrix compatibility, user privacy with 1.99, Transport 2.60 and religious 2.92 are most compatible with other urban land. In Matrixes utility, office User, religious and gardens is with rank of the fully compatible to relatively compatible and fit the needs the city is projected. for improve the situation land use of Zanjan, Proportional distribution of land use, determine the radius of performance for land use and assignment services expert advisors and commitment is essential to the plan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Introducing the land use classification methods in Regional Planning and presentation of an appropriate pattern for Iran
REZA ahmadian Bahar AbdolahIntroduction: One of the significant outcomes of Regional Physical plans and In other words, one of its main documents is producing a land use map and determining the macro uses in the study area. In the Regional Physical and Spatial plans, this is generally known as th MoreIntroduction: One of the significant outcomes of Regional Physical plans and In other words, one of its main documents is producing a land use map and determining the macro uses in the study area. In the Regional Physical and Spatial plans, this is generally known as the Land use Zoning map (The Uniform Contract 19). It is regarded as one of the primary results of Regional plans through which the objectives, strategies and proposal for a plan are made possible. There are several distinct methods for preparation of land use zoning map in the theoretical literature and plan preparation. But before any action, It is necessary to establish the systematic structure in lands classification. As a result, it is necessary that the planner determines land use at the region scale by establishing an accurate method to present the zoning document. The study aims to check different land use and land cover classification systems to propose a pattern at regional and spatial scales. Methodology: The present research is to establish the structure and an applied research with a descriptive and analytical methodology. Therefore, the data are taken from the libraries to address the subject of research and to propose a pattern in this regard. Conclusion: According to the global systems of classification, the Suggested classification has been done in three levels with using Alphabetic code. The most important features of this pattern is generalization, systematic and flexibility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Combination of land- uses and measurement of its effect on neighborhood- based sustainability (Case study: Velenjak and Darroos neighborhoods- Tehran city)
Shahabeddin Isalo Zohreh Fanni Behzad DoustiIntroduction and purpose of study: the diversity of land- uses is one of the key elements in contemporary urban planning that due to its social, economic and environmental advantages has been widely emphasized in modern urbanization patterns. The main purpose of present MoreIntroduction and purpose of study: the diversity of land- uses is one of the key elements in contemporary urban planning that due to its social, economic and environmental advantages has been widely emphasized in modern urbanization patterns. The main purpose of present article is to compare the level of urban neighborhood sustainability in two planned neighborhoods (Velenjak and Darroos) in Tehran and the position of land- use diversity in the improvement of sustainability in two under study neighborhoods. Method: in the present research by emphasizing on qualitative indices the sustainability of two selected neighborhoods are evaluated. The proposed theoretical framework is based on neighborhood sustainability framework. For this purpose, a questionnaire was compiled containing 30 questions and neighborhood sustainability was evaluated based on Likert five- point scale by the residents. The value of Cronbach Alpha test (0.891) confirms the validity of questionnaire questions. Findings: the data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed using multi- variable regression analysis, t- test and Pearson correlation test. The hypothesis of the study stating the higher degree of desirability of sustainability in Darroos neighborhood was rejected and the mean score relating to the sustainability of Velenjak neighborhood with mean value = 81.3 and Darroos with mean value = 52.4 reflected the difference in the sustainability of two above mentioned neighborhoods. In investigating the other hypotheses, the significance of the effect of land- use diversity factor on neighborhood sustainability was rejected. Conclusion: the results of present study indicate that the low level of diversity and land- use diversity in Velenjak neighborhood compared to Darroos neighborhood not only increases the citizens’ satisfaction but also enhances the peace in this district; in the other hand, land- use diversity in Darroos neighborhood has led to the increase of density and traffic. The findings indicate that although the land – use diversity may enhance local access in short term basis but in long term it may led to the attraction of traffic trips, arrival of strangers into the neighborhood and elimination of confidentiality, increase of building density and consequently the population; so that gradually, the level of neighborhood sustainability may deteriorate. Hence, it is essential that in codification of regulations of detailed design a special attention is paid to this. For this purpose, proportional distribution of activities based on the density of households and also their needs, elimination of incompatible land- uses in neighborhoods, application of vacuous spaces and barren lands are proposed for development of new and more flexible activities, development of zoning regulations on neighborhood level (float planning) as the research suggestions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Assessment lands Ahvaz metropolis Using of model LQI systems based on spatial equity and methods adjacent nearest neighbor
Mohammad Zaheri ismail Soleimani Nabiollah HosseiniIntroduction and Objective: Optimal use and equitable access to land, it is a basic component of sustainable development and social justice. Today, the concept of urban land conference space in terms of nature, physical and social well economically has been a qual MoreIntroduction and Objective: Optimal use and equitable access to land, it is a basic component of sustainable development and social justice. Today, the concept of urban land conference space in terms of nature, physical and social well economically has been a qualitative change And consequently the dimensions and objectives of urban land use is also very rich and wider. Urban land use planning, urban land use planning as to how to organize spatial distribution and land conservation and urban functions in accordance with the wishes and needs of society and specifies the types of use land. The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate urban land from the perspective of social justice in order to achieve appropriate standards and principles of sustainable urban development planning. research method: Purpose and terms of the type of research is descriptive and analytical method That by taking two important parameters affecting land use( Including capacity and social justice) And adjacent nearest neighbor procedures in the software GIS and model LQi urban spatial factor in the quality and quantity of puts in Ahvaz. Foun: Quantitative assessment of the status quo and use per capita levels in seven areas of Ahvaz, Based the model LQi in most areas has shown that per capita rate is lower than one and faced with shortage. The qualitative findings show based on the nearest adjacent. That applications such as residential, green space, health care, industrial, administrative, municipal facilities and equipment have been distributed in Ahvaz on cluster pattern The concentration of these this was not justice-oriented applications and are concentrated in certain parts of the city. Result: The results of this study suggest that users do not have good spatial distribution in the metropolis Ahvaz. And also uses the analyses of turmoil quantitative and qualitative indicators of capacity and social justice applications are seven areas in Ahvaz. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Evaluation of Urban Land Sustainable Development (Case Study: Sabzevar)
Farzaneh Sadat Hosseini Jonbazi Nobakht sobhaniLand-use planning as a process of urban planning at the heart of sustainable development is crucial, So that in the world today, of basic urban and land use planning issues Sustainable urban development is one of the levers. The aim of this study was to evalua MoreLand-use planning as a process of urban planning at the heart of sustainable development is crucial, So that in the world today, of basic urban and land use planning issues Sustainable urban development is one of the levers. The aim of this study was to evaluate sustainable development approach is a little bit of land use in Sabzevar. For this purpose, three criteria Quantitative evaluation of lands, Social justice and mixing land uses were selected. The aim of the research is based on descriptive-analytic and functional. To analyze the findings Statistical techniques nearest vicinity or neighborhood (RN) and Barbara Brown model are used. The results show that compared with the per capita Sabzevar proposed master plan 2009 Per capita are far common in the country. Also RN model showed that the distribution pattern of land uses in the city on the pattern perfectly distributed cluster, The accumulation and concentration of land in a location other than the location and Only the military and security culture based on the random pattern is the same pattern and regular. On the other hand, based on Barbara Brown became clear that District 7 for mixing land uses in good condition and District 11 is the lowest level mixing of land uses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Analysis increase effective building density on transportationnetwork of urban old textures Tabriz city
هوشنگ سرور امید مبارکی صدیقه امیریIntroduction and Aim: The analysis and study urban old texture is for important subject urban planning. One of problem nowadays in this texture was propound urban transportation. In reality urban transportation planning is propound with title effective facto MoreIntroduction and Aim: The analysis and study urban old texture is for important subject urban planning. One of problem nowadays in this texture was propound urban transportation. In reality urban transportation planning is propound with title effective factor of guidance urban development and forming with environment and advance of quality and desired urban life. Purpose research is analysis increase effective building density on transportation network of urban old textures Tabriz city. Method research: The approaches methods in this research is survey, documental and kind is application. For analysis data’s to use of GIS software. finding: The great bulk of frequentation to be accomplished in Tabriz city to pass for city center or finishing and this is with reason building density kinds of financial, commercial, educational and tourism in district.Therefore access weakness and unsuitable structure urban transportation network. and also is effective use spatial location and building density more than in urban old textures, inexpressive in public transportation network, un regular going back and forth pedestrian passerby and transport means and existent many traffic knots in increase of traffic urban old textures. Results: Therefore is proposal for improvement urban transportation system urban old texture in Tabriz city not existent method unless equilibrium middle three factor population, services and transportation planning with land use planning and perfect those with density changes. Therefore is clouding with improvement transportation management, increasing efficiency busing system and improvement pedestrian and bicycle network in cities to find an with suitability transportation in framework concentrated city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Design of Model for Agricultural Land Use with Emphasis on Sustainable Livelihood in Kahak County of Qom Province
seyed mojtaba monzavi seyed mehdi Mirdamadi Seyed Jamal F.Hosseini , Samad Rahimi SourehThe purpose of this research was to “Design an Optimal Pattern of Agricultural Land use in the KahakRegion of the Qom Province”. This research as far as goal is an applied research, with descriptive -survey methods to achieve the facts. Dependent variable in MoreThe purpose of this research was to “Design an Optimal Pattern of Agricultural Land use in the KahakRegion of the Qom Province”. This research as far as goal is an applied research, with descriptive -survey methods to achieve the facts. Dependent variable in this research was “pattern of agricultural lands use” and independent variables are consisted: social, economic, environmental (natural) variables and individual characteristics variables. The study population of the research included all landowner farmers of the Kahak in Qom Province. According to the statistics, the study populations are 2010 individuals. The sample numbers are determined by Cochran formula which is 322 samples in this research. The required information was collected by questionnaire and analyzed by using AMOS software and SPSS20. The design of the model based on structural equations indicated that, economic and environmental factors have positive effect on the optimal pattern of objected agricultural land use with errors around one percent. But latent variable social factors had no effect on the land use pattern. Land use pattern, the correlation coefficient between economic factors variables and environmental factors variables was 0.79 and 0.44 respectively. Also based on the results, 76% of variance differences of land optimal model were defined by social, economic and environmental factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Effect of land use changes on some soil physical and chemical properties (case study: Baneh)
لیلا غلامی مسعود داوری کمال نبی اللهی حامد جنیدی جعفریNon-scientific and unconscious changes in land use have negative impacts on ‎the soil physical and chemical properties. In this research, the effect of land use ‎changes on some soil physical and chemical properties was investigated. For this propose, three site MoreNon-scientific and unconscious changes in land use have negative impacts on ‎the soil physical and chemical properties. In this research, the effect of land use ‎changes on some soil physical and chemical properties was investigated. For this propose, three sites in three ‎‎‎adjacent land use ‎types including pasture, forest and‏ ‏agricultural‏ ‏lands were randomly selected in region of Baneh, ‎‎‎‎‎Kurdistan ‎province. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected from three sites at each of the different land use types from depths of 0–15 and 15–30 cm ‎and were analysed in the laboratory‎. The results indicated that land use changes have no significant effects on the percentage of sand, silt and clay. Change in the land use type caused increase in bulk density and decrease in total porosity, soil hydraulic conductivity and aggregate stability. The ‎most percentage of coarse aggregates (0.25-8 mm) and fine aggregates (0.053-0.25 mm) was found in forest ‎and ‎agricultural land, respectively. Land use change caused increase in electrical conductivity and ‎soil reaction which increases with depth too. The results also indicated that land use change significantly decreases the amount of soil organic carbon. The average of soil organic carbon in forest, agricultural land and pastures were 4.99, 2.26 and 1.79%, respectively. In general, the results of this research showed that changes in land use has adverse effects on the soil physical and chemical properties that can result in reducing soil quality and increasing its degradation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Effect of different land- use management scenarios on soil erosion using USLE model in Kalaybarchay watershed
حبیب نظرنژاد اسلام قهرماننژاد میرحسن میریعقوبزادهSoil erosion is one of the environmental problems which can be considered as a threat for natural resources, agriculture and the environment. Thus, determining the temporal and spatial extent of soil erosion is an effective way to management of soil erosion and sediment MoreSoil erosion is one of the environmental problems which can be considered as a threat for natural resources, agriculture and the environment. Thus, determining the temporal and spatial extent of soil erosion is an effective way to management of soil erosion and sediment control through watershed management. Todays, the misuse of lands and converting forests and grasslands into agricultural land, overgrazing, tillage on steep slopes leads to increase soil erosion and sediment yield. Therefore, defining the contribution of different land uses has a significant role in preventing erosion and prioritization of land management activities The objective of this study is to estimate and compare the rate of soil erosion in in different land uses on the current status and prediction of erosion in Two main scenarios and each mail scenario has three sub-scenarios (25, 50 and 75 percent of area) at KalaybarChay watershed with an area of 452 km2 in the province of East Azerbaijan using USLE model. To predict the foregoing, land use map was prepared Using Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and TM Sensor of satellite image Landsat5 on the ENVI 4.3 software. After the preparation of USLE model factors includes R, K, LS, C and P model was performed and mean value of each factor was calculated and soil erosion map was prepared by multiplying the average values. Results showed that the average amount of soil erosion rate is 12.3 (ton/ha/yr). Also the highest and least rate of erosion is assigned on conversion of rangeland to dry farming scenario; and the rangeland to tree dryland scenario equal to 15.43 and 9.03 (ton/ha/yr), respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Land use changes by using RS and Markov chain technique in the south-west of Tehran
Faezeh RajabzadehLand use changes investigation requires the use of rapid methods and new techniques, respectively. The use of remote sensing and GIS and integrating them with accurate information and field data prepared multipurpose decision. In this study, used images of Landsat 2, se MoreLand use changes investigation requires the use of rapid methods and new techniques, respectively. The use of remote sensing and GIS and integrating them with accurate information and field data prepared multipurpose decision. In this study, used images of Landsat 2, sensor MSS June 1975, Landsat 7, ETM + 2002, and Landsat 8 sensor OLI June 2013, from USGS site for developing maps and survey land use changes over the period of 38 years in ENVI and ERDAS software. The Landsat 5, TM sensor image, June 1991, used to prepare land use maps and compared with 2002 and 2013, to predict land use change in 2024. Results related to land use changes in the past 38 years show a reduction of 12% (9/7060 hectare) orchard area and an increase of 7% and 5% of residential areas and agricultural lands, respectively. Also the predicted land use changes in 2024 represents a decrease of 2% compared to the current state of the orchard, while the almost constant level of agricultural land, and residential area will increase 2 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Investigation of Land use Changes and Climatic Components in Meshkinshahr City
Batool Zeynali Elham Mollanouri Shiva SafaryIntroduction: Climate change has negative effects on water resources and human societies, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Remote sensing is widely used in studies such as monitoring the environment, agriculture, and climate of the earth. This technology makes MoreIntroduction: Climate change has negative effects on water resources and human societies, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Remote sensing is widely used in studies such as monitoring the environment, agriculture, and climate of the earth. This technology makes it possible to research and investigate such studies in large areas with the high spatial and temporal resolution, especially inaccessible areas or areas that do not have ground measurement stations (such as synoptic stations) provides. Considering the expansion of the cold semi-desert climate in the northwestern region of the country and the changes in land use in the Meshkinshahr region in recent years, the purpose of this research is to investigate the interrelationship between climatic components of temperature, precipitation, and soil moisture with land use changes. Methods: Meshkinshahr city is located in the northwest of Iran and is one of the important cities of Ardabil province. In the present research, the studied area using satellite images of Landsat 5 for 2002 and Landsat 8 for 2021 in seven classes of irrigated agriculture, rain-fed agriculture, residential area, water areas, snow cover, good pasture, and poor pasture for investigation of the changes in land-use has been classified. In the following, temperature and precipitation components (along with verification with ground data) respectively using the single-channel algorithm and GPM database and soil moisture using the optical thermal algorithm (TOTRAM) by applying LST and NDVI parameters as a time series were reviewed for the years 2002, 2006, 2011, 2016, 2019 and 2021. Result: By examining the resulting maps, it has been observed that there have been significant changes in different land uses, and most of these changes have been related to the increase of irrigated agricultural lands and poor pastures, and the loss of quality pastures. Also, temperature and precipitation fluctuations in the studied years are quite clear and do not have a regular trend, so for example, in 2011, a sudden increase in precipitation to the amount of 46 mm is observed. But the minimum temperature compared to its maximum in different years shows a greater increase compared to 2002. Vegetation and soil fertility do not have a particular upward or downward trend and show different values in different years, but the maximum vegetation cover, i.e. value 1 in the case of the NDVI index, is observed in 2002. Conclusion: According to the results and fluctuations in the values of climatic components, especially sudden changes in some years, signs of climate change can be observed in the region, but a definite opinion cannot be expressed regarding the trend of land use changes and climate changes. Examining the results shows that land use changes, especially in the agricultural sector, can be affected by climatic conditions. The dependence of climatic components on each other and the influence of soil moisture and vegetation on these components are other results of this study. So, with the increase in temperature, we see a decrease in the amount of humidity and the level of vegetation. The times when soil moisture is higher than in other years, due to the cooling role of evaporation, low temperature, and vegetation cover are favorable. As a result, there is a clear dependence between the different components and the change in one parameter affects the other parameters, but it seems that the temperature component plays a more colorful role than the other parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Investigation of the relationship between net radiation flux and environmental characteristics and land surface coverage using satellite image (case study: south of Kerman province)
Seyed Karim afshari poor saeed Hamzeh saman nadizadeh shorabehThe amount of earth's surface net radiation directly depend on surface temperature, land use, soil and topography. In the present study, Landsat8 satellite imagery is used to estimate net radiation flux. Then, with using systematic sampling at 500 m intervals, the value MoreThe amount of earth's surface net radiation directly depend on surface temperature, land use, soil and topography. In the present study, Landsat8 satellite imagery is used to estimate net radiation flux. Then, with using systematic sampling at 500 m intervals, the value of each surface layer for example The LST, NDVI, altitude, slope, aspect, soil type and land use at the sample points for analysis were extracted. Mono-Window algorithm has been used to extract LST. The results showed that there is a direct correlation between the increase in altitude and NDVI with net radiation flux. The linear correlation coefficients were also 0.68 and 0.19 respectively. There is also an inverse relationship with the linear correlation coefficient of 0.74 between net radiation flux and LST. And from survey the rate of net radiation flux in different geographical directions in the case study it was found that in the northwest with 637(w/m2) the highest net radiation flux and eastern orientation with 582.7 (w/m2) had the lowest rate of net radiation flux. The net radiation flux in these directions with the slope rate had a direct correlation with correlation coefficient 0.54. In addition, the rate of net radiation flux at water levels such as lake and reservoir dam with 817 (w/m2) has the highest rate of net radiation flux and saline lands with 509 (w/m2) of minimum net radiation flux. There is the highest and lowest rate of net radiation flux in inceptisols and badland areas, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Determination of optimum level of land use and biological measures to reduce erosion and sediment (case study: watershed saqqezchi, ardebil province)
ابوالفضل معینی masoome najafi sani shiva mohammadian khorasani sepideh mofidiNowadays, Soil erosion is one of the largest problems of the world, particularly in Iran. side effects and dangersof this phenomenon within the watershed field is the main problem that affected the overall ecological balance ofthe basin. The main objective of this study MoreNowadays, Soil erosion is one of the largest problems of the world, particularly in Iran. side effects and dangersof this phenomenon within the watershed field is the main problem that affected the overall ecological balance ofthe basin. The main objective of this study was to determine the optimal level land use for reducing erosion andenhance stakeholders income at Saghezchi watershed is located in the Ardebil. For this aim, linear programmingmodel for three different options include current situation land uses, standard land use and standard conditionswith biological measures land use in accordance with scientific principles and criteria were used. The resultsshowed that the current land use level to reduce erosion and increase the income of residents is not suitable andin optimal conditions must be changed. in optimal conditions the garden lands level from 132.29 hectare to1902.83 hectare (1438.4 % increased), rangeland level without change, irrigated land surface from 319.94hectare to 57.6 (81.99% decrease) and rainfed cultivation is also from 1549 hectare to 40.8 hectare (97.36%decrease) was changed. In addition, the results showed that land use optimization in the current situation, Theratio of soil erosion and total profitability, 0.07% decrease and 7.7% increase respectively, at the standardconditions land use 3.72% decrease, 7.7% increase respectively and at the standard conditions with biologicalmeasures land use, The ratio of soil erosion and total profitability, 5.48% decrease and 30.65% is increasedrespectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Investigation the effect of land use changes on the quantity of water resources using remote sensing data and SWAT model (Case study: Maroon basin-southwest of Iran)
khosrow shafiei Jahangir porhemmat Hossien sedghi Majid HosseniThe Correct management watersheds is one of the most important methods is the optimal use of soil and water resources. To do this, it’s need for comprehensive information of different methods administrative management. Recent decades, correct and timely assessment MoreThe Correct management watersheds is one of the most important methods is the optimal use of soil and water resources. To do this, it’s need for comprehensive information of different methods administrative management. Recent decades, correct and timely assessment of quantitative and qualitative runoff is considered one of the concerns of the country's macro management. This project is modeling and evaluation and efficiency of the SWAT model to simulate the monthly runoff, sensitivity analysis, optimization of critical parameters, to evaluate the effect land use during the past four decades on Quantity of Maroon River watershed at the departure station (Idanak) in Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad. For this purpose, were used from semi-distributed SWAT model and SUFI2 program in the form of bundles SWAT CUP for sensitivity analysis, calibration, validation and uncertainty analysis.In this research first were prepared changes in land use map available as well as soil and vegetation in the watershed Maroon map within four ten-year period from 1980 to 2010 by using TM and ETM sensor of Landsat satellite .Observations Data of hydrometric Idenak station as base station was used during 1970 to 2010 in four ten-year period to observe changes in runoff during the calibration and validation. Compare the effect of land use management options on the different components of the hydrological cycle shows different amounts of runoff. Shows a the pessimistic scenario occurred in four decades. With continuing damage to the state in land use regression various amounts of runoff increases and decreases permeability and gullies on the surface and deep aquifers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Prediction of the land use change using markov chain and cellular automata (case study: Roze Chay basin, Uremia)
Farrokh Asadzadeh Kamal Khosravi Aqdam Laleh Parviz Hassan Ramazanpour Nafiseh Yaghmaeian MahabadiLand use surveys and investigations are a prerequisite for the study of watersheds, because regional planning is dependent on the awareness about land use type and future changes. As a result, modeling and predicting of land use is essential for land planning and manage MoreLand use surveys and investigations are a prerequisite for the study of watersheds, because regional planning is dependent on the awareness about land use type and future changes. As a result, modeling and predicting of land use is essential for land planning and management in the future of a country such as Iran, where land use is changing rapidly In this regard, in order to reveal the land use changes in the 15 years and modeling the changes for the next 20 years, the markovin transmission estimator was used with Landsat 7 and 8 Landsat satellite imagery data from the Roze Chay basin of urmia. Based on the controlled classification algorithm with the maximum probability of land use as seven classes of land uses in this watershed were seven garden, irrigated farming, dry farming, grass land, residential area, water and salt marsh with a mean Kappa coefficient of 0.88 and overall accuracy of 0.9 for 2000 and 2015 were extracted. The changes of 15 years showed that the variation of water dependent uses in the region decreased during the mentioned time period (percentage reduction in the area of agricultural crops and gardens, 32.51). The modeling of land use changes in the region with the markovin transmission estimator suggests that the use of gardens, arable and dry lands, villages and water resources will decrease, and the use of grass land and salt marsh will increase in the region (from 2020 to 2035 percent increase in area grass land 13.11 and the percentage of dry farming 17.56). The results indicate that soil and water resources are used improperly in the studied area, which requires comprehensive planning and management in the watershed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Land use management change in Marvdasht plain - Fars Province
Khatereh Nobaharan Shahla Mahmodi seyad ali abtahiIn Iran, there are many investigations about landuse change which usually mention negative side. In this research landuse/land cover change trend investigate with use of landsat image and Markov chain in IDRISI Andes V15 software at the period of 1990, 2004 and 2018, an MoreIn Iran, there are many investigations about landuse change which usually mention negative side. In this research landuse/land cover change trend investigate with use of landsat image and Markov chain in IDRISI Andes V15 software at the period of 1990, 2004 and 2018, and predicted changes for 2032 in Marvdasht region. There are about 196000 ha, equal to 91%, that used for cultivation, while range land, bare land and urban area are about 20000 ha, respectively 4.9, 2.7 and 1.6 percent of region area. In 28 years, from 1990 to 2018, agricultural and range lands decrease about 9%, while bare lands and urban area increased. At this period bare lands increased from 2.7% to 11.29% of the total region area. In general, the results of this study indicate that in the long-term, agricultural lands are declining and bare land is increasing, Hence immediate management plans are necessary to prevent the destruction of agricultural land. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Evaluation of physical and biological soil quality using spectroscopy in agricultural lands of Zanjan province
Mohammad Sadegh Askari Golnaz Rostamkhani Setareh Amanifar Toraj KhoshzamanDeveloping a precise and rapid method for assessing the impact of farming operations on soil quality is important for sustainable resource management and monitoring management approaches in agricultural ecosystems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficie MoreDeveloping a precise and rapid method for assessing the impact of farming operations on soil quality is important for sustainable resource management and monitoring management approaches in agricultural ecosystems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of spectroscopy as a rapid and quantitative approach for monitoring physical and biological soil quality under agricultural management in Zanjan province. 77 soil samples were collected from the depth of 0-20 cm under irrigated and rain-fed agriculture. Important physical and biological properties, affecting soil quality in this province, were measured using standard methods. Then, soil spectral data were determined in VIS-NIR region and spectral models were calculated using partial least square regression. The average reflectance of soil spectra from 450 to 2450 nm, were significantly different (p < 0.05) between rain-fed and irrigated land uses. Moreover, land use type had a significant impact on most physical and biological properties, measured in this study. Spectral models with excellent accuracy(RPD>2.5 and R2>0.8) were noted for soil microbial respiration, clay content and soil organic content. The models with good accuracy (2<RPD0.76) for microbial carbon biomass, aggregate stability, sand content and with moderate accuracy (1.5<RPD0.65) for bulk density, hydraulic conductivity and silt content were obtained. However, sorptivity was not estimated with appropriate accuracy using spectral models. The effect of management operations under irrigated and rain-fed land use was detectable using soil reflectance spectral signature, and spectral data showed an overall good ability for evaluating physical and biological indicators of soil quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Effect of Land Use Trends on the Amount of Agricultural Water Consumption in Urmia Lake Watershed in the Next 20 Years Using Markov Chain
Kiyoumars Roushangar Mohammad Taghi Aalami Hassan GolmohammadiBackground and Aim: Reducing the water level of Urmia Lake and its effects on the environment around the lake has been one of the important national and international issues and challenges in the last two decades. In accord with the studies, one of the critical factors MoreBackground and Aim: Reducing the water level of Urmia Lake and its effects on the environment around the lake has been one of the important national and international issues and challenges in the last two decades. In accord with the studies, one of the critical factors affecting this declining trend has been the rise in harvest, especially for agriculture. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to simulate the future status of water resources in the Urmia Lake basin, influenced by the area of agricultural land uses.Method: For this purpose, Landsat satellite image data for the period 2000 to 2020 are firstly classified using the SVM algorithm in ENVI5.3 software and the classification accuracy is analyzed using the Kappa Coefficient algorithm.In the following, the statistics and information related to the change of cultivation pattern (from arable to garden) and water sources discharging Lake Urmia are calculated. In the next step, the simulation of land use changes for 2030 and 2040 is done using two LCM and CA-MARKOV methods. And finally, after determining the amount of changes in each land use, the amount of water required for agricultural affairs in the catchment is simulated using NETWAT model.Conclusion: The results show that the area of two uses, irrigated agriculture and garden will increase from 1450 and 395 square kilometers in 2000 to more than 3600 and 1650 square kilometers in 2040, respectively, This will increase the amount of water Needed or agriculture from 1,500 million cubic meters in 2000 to more than 4,100 million cubic meters in 2040.Results: From 2000 to 2020, water consumption in irrigated agriculture has increased by 1253.05 Km2; which according to Markov's prediction method, this amount will reach 2049.54 Km2 in 2040 that raises the amount of water consumption by 1 billion and 473 million cubic meters. The gardens land use has increased by 688.02 Km2 from 2000 to 2020, and according to Markov's prediction method, this amount will reach 1276.14 Km2 in 2040, which raises the amount of water consumption by 703 million cubic meters. From 2000 to 2020, 367.06 Km2 has been added to the drayland farming, which according to the prediction of Markov method, this amount will reach 531 Km2 in 2040, which soars the amount of water consumption by 253 MCM. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - The Effect of Changing Land Use of Almond Orchards in Saman Plain of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province to Agricultural Lands on Some Physical and Chemical Indicators of Soil Quality
Kkamran ParvanakBackground and Aim: In recent years, some farmers in the plains of Saman in the province of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari have changed the use of almond orchards in this area to agricultural land and pastures in order to provide food and fodder. Since these activities are m MoreBackground and Aim: In recent years, some farmers in the plains of Saman in the province of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari have changed the use of almond orchards in this area to agricultural land and pastures in order to provide food and fodder. Since these activities are mostly carried out without sufficient knowledge of the soil environment, there can be a serious threat to reduce soil quality. Therefore, studies on the effect of different managements on different soil characteristics and in the direction of a sustainable soil resource are very important. In this research, the effect of land use change in these areas on some physical and chemical indicators of soil quality was investigated.Methods:In order to investigate the effect of land use change on some physical and chemical indicators of the soil quality of three land use systems comprising a permanent almond orchard, permanent pasture and almond orchard converted to land were selected in the plain of Saman. 15 samples of soil (45 samples in total) were taken from 0 to 30 cm in the form of networks (30 x 30 meters) in each of the three land use systems considered. Some physical and chemical parameters of studied soil samples measured by standard methods.After collecting and saving data in Excel, a one-side analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on using the SPSS18 software and the comparison of the means was also carried out on the basis of the LSD test at a probability level of 1%.Results:The results of analysis of variance data showed that changing land use (changing of almond orchards to agricultural land) had significant effect on the indeces examined physical and chemical of at 0.01 level. The Land use change did not change the surface soil texture of the study areas. The soil texture of all three-study system was almost the same (clay loam inclined to sandy clay loam). According to the findings of the mean comparison, when almond orchards were converted to agricultural land, there was a significant reduction in total porosity, mean weighted diameter of soil aggregates (MWD), base infiltration rate, and soil organic carbon by 12%, 56%, 50%, and 54%, respectively. Conversely, there was a notable increase of 10%, 5%, 44%, and 18% in bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity, and soil lime percentage at a significance level of 0.01 (pr<0.01).In this study, substituting improved pasture plants with land grazed pasture significantly augmented the average of soil organic carbon, total porosity, solidity of soil aggregates (MWD) and base infiltration rate by 48%, 14%, 69%, and 40%, respectively, as compared to agricultural land at a significance level of 0.01 (pr<0.01). However, no significant difference was observed at a significance level of 0.01 (pr>0.01) between almond orchard and pasture land concerning the evaluated indicators.Conclusion:Overall, the parameters analyzed indicate that organic carbon, mean weighted diameter of soil aggregates (MWD), and bulk density are reliable indicators of soil quality in the study area. The average values of these indicators provide an optimal alternative for management and tillage practices in various land uses. Moreover, due to the delicate and vulnerable ecosystems of Saman Plain, it is recommended to avoid converting garden lands (such as almond orchards) into agricultural lands within the study area. This approach will help prevent soil erosion in one of the most sensitive areas of the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Evaluation of the Hydrological Response of Kiwi Chai Catchment Area to Land Use Changes Using SWAT Model
Shirin Mahdavian Batool Zeynali Bromand SalahiIntroduction: Land use change has a direct impact on hydrological components and water resources and plays an important role in aggravating possible risks such as drought and floods. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effects of land use on water components s MoreIntroduction: Land use change has a direct impact on hydrological components and water resources and plays an important role in aggravating possible risks such as drought and floods. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effects of land use on water components such as runoff. Thus, in this study, the runoff condition of the Kiwi Chai Basin, one of the most important basins in Ardabil province, from an environmental point of view in terms of land use change is investigated using the SWAT model.Methods: ArcGIS 10.1, Envi 5.1, and Ecognition software are used for data processing, classification, and analysis. Also, the method based on radiative transfer models, such as FLAASH, is used as the best method for atmospheric correction. Multiresolution algorithm is applied for segmentation and the nearest neighbor algorithm is used for classification. Then, educational samples are collected from the area using field visits and Google Earth satellite images and used to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the classification. At the end, the Thematic change dynamic detection method is applied in Envi5 to identify the changes that have happened over the years. The SWAT hydrological model is additionally used to investigate the effect of land use changes on the basin's runoff. After extracting the effective parameters in the basin’s outlet, the model is calibrated and validated with SWAT-CUP software and SUFI-2 algorithm. Nash-Sutcliffe indices and coefficient of determination are used to evaluate the results of this stage.Results: In this research, after applying object-oriented land classification, land use map in seven classes of Rainfed agriculture, irrigated agriculture, garden, forest, residential, pasture and water are provided. In the land use map of the basin, pasture cover is the dominant land use class; however, a significant decrease from 1224.18 square kilometers to 1046.59 square kilometers has been observed between 1987 and 2019. The values obtained for R-Factor, P-Factor, R2, NS indicators in the calibration period are, respectively, for Abgarm station (0.53, 0.47,0.71,0.69) and for Firozabad station (0.32,0.3,0.67,0.64) and in the validation period, for Abgram station (0.09,0,0.62,0.56) and for Firozabad station (0.13,0,0.53,0.51), respectively. Based on this, the results obtained in the calibration and validation stage are evaluated as acceptable. The evaluation of the SWAT model's response to land use also shows that, on an annual scale, the amount of flow in Firozabad station has decreases from 3.08 to 2.81 cubic meters per second -8,77percent) and in Abgarm station from 1.11 to 0.96 cubic meters per second (-13.51), which can be attributed to changes in land use, especially the change in the use of pastures and its conversion to rainfed agriculture, gardens, and forests.Conclusion: The trend of land use changes in the basin between 1987 and 2019 has been accompanied by a decreasing trend in rainfed, pasture and water uses and an increasing trend in irrigated agriculture, garden, forest, and residential uses. The high value of the fit of the indicators used in the evaluation of the model indicates that the model has a good capability in simulating the runoff of the basin. Moreover, the model implemented for different land uses illustrates that the flow of the basin in both hydrometric stations in most of the months increase in the short term and decrease in the long term average with the land use change. Continuous land use change is becoming a serious threat to watersheds. Land use change should be controlled in catchment areas, and measures should be taken to stabilize land use change. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Modeling the Effects of Land Use Change on Surface Runoff in the Watershed of Khorramabad Using RS and GIS Integration Model and L- THIA
hadis rashidi Ali Haghizadeh Hossein zeinivand Naser TahmasebipourBackground and Objective: land use change, mainly socio-economic benefits to follow. However, these changes have negative effects on the natural environment. Due to the high volume of runoff from a lack of permeability in the city and Non-use of certain areas or any str MoreBackground and Objective: land use change, mainly socio-economic benefits to follow. However, these changes have negative effects on the natural environment. Due to the high volume of runoff from a lack of permeability in the city and Non-use of certain areas or any structure in addition to the problem of flooding in low-lying areas for water infiltration in several studies to develop models with simulation approach to land use changes have taken place. In this study, L-THIA model for estimating runoff from land use changes in the area of Khorramabad is used. The Model of L-THIA, a model to assess long-term effects land use change on water resources using simple and availability data Such as long-term climate data, land use map and soil map applicable. Methods: This study was conducted in a period of 10 years and in the period of 2004-2014. Landsat images from the site the US Geological Survey has been downloaded and various corrections have been made. Land use maps were prepared and used using Landsat 7 satellite images of ETM sensors and Landsat 8 images of OLI sensors related to 2004 and 2014, respectively. Precipitation data are provided by the Regional Water Authority. After sorting, they are prepared for future analysis. By combining land use map and soil texture map in GIS software, the soil hydrological group is produced. Finally, the prepared maps are given to the L-THIA model and the effect of land use change on surface runoff is investigated.Findings: The results of modeling using L-THIA, increased annual runoff in ten years shows that this increased volume of runoff and the need for control over land use change in the region. User modifications to increase mainly in residential areas and loss of woodland and grassland.Discussion and Conclusion: As the results of this study show, the L-THIA model has a good ability to express the effect of land use change on the volume and depth of runoff. Also, using the results of the study, it is possible to prepare control programs for land use changes to prevent runoff in the area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - investigation of land cover changes using remote sensing technique (Case study: Katalan unit)
Maryam Nazemi jalal Marzieh Alikhah-Asl Elham ForootanBackground and Objective: Updated and correct information is necessary for using and optimized managing of a land. Land cover map is one of the most important information resources in natural resource management. The goal of this research is to provide Katalan land cove MoreBackground and Objective: Updated and correct information is necessary for using and optimized managing of a land. Land cover map is one of the most important information resources in natural resource management. The goal of this research is to provide Katalan land cover map for investigating land use changes during 12 years in this area. Material and Methodology: For this purpose, satellite images such as Landsat ETM 2001 and OLI 2013 were used after performing necessary corrections whereas; GPS and topographic maps were implemented for surveying fields and gathering trained samples. Land cover maps were provided using supervised classification method with maximum likelihood algorithm. Findings: The results of this study revealed that the study area comprises six classes viz. irrigated farm land, rainfed farm land, bare land, rock stone, range land and mine class. The overall accuracy and kappa coefficient for 2013 map were estimated 86.11% and 0.82, respectively and theses values for 2001 land use map were 78.26%, and 0.71, respectively. Discussion and Conclusions: The results of this research revealed that the class of farm land, bare land and range land were increased 1.84%, 1.29%, and 1.21%from 2001 to 2013, and the class of rock stone and rainfed farmland were decreased 5.09%, and 0 .62%, respectively. Also, there was not mine class in 2001 but this class was 1.36% equivalent to 49.3939 hectare of the whole area in 2013. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - The Use of Remote Sensing and Detecting Changes in the Evaluation of Vegetation (Case Study: Maleh Galle (Mleh Galle) Protected Area)
Gholam Reza Sabzghabaei Mohammad Javad Ehsandoost Seyedeh Soolmaz Dashti Atefeh Mir Fariba HedayatzadehBackground and Objective: Remote sensing techniques due to their specific features in providing rapid and inexpensive basic information is very important. Remote sensing is used these days in the important issues like making maps of the regions and the right decision ma MoreBackground and Objective: Remote sensing techniques due to their specific features in providing rapid and inexpensive basic information is very important. Remote sensing is used these days in the important issues like making maps of the regions and the right decision making. The aim of this study was to changes detection in vegetation of Maleh Galle protected area. Material and Methodology: In this study, satellite images of Landsat 7 ETM+, 2000 and 2010 were used and the vegetation changes using TerrSet software were considered regardless of the gardens and agricultural lands of the of, Maleh Galle protected area. In this study, after the preparation of Landsat ETM+ images for years 2000 and 2010 and necessary geometric corrections on them, for extract the parameters of vegetation cover, the original map was derived from processing images. Then, taking into account the classified land use map and map of NDVI index and keeping in mind the maximum likelihood parameter, ground truth map was prepared for the two years 2000 and 2010. Finally with two images difference method, the rate and the changes relation to each other investigated. Findings: The quantity changes between the years of 2000 and 2010 were examined and it was found that within 10 years, the level of protective vegetation cover has been increased from 5278/5 hectares to 2521/25 hectares. With the Difference method between final maps, it was found that the density of vegetation area has been reduced to 181/17 hectares. 3417/48 hectares of Vegetation area remained unchanged and 21739/59 hectares of vegetation area has been grown. Discussion and Conclusion: Results showed that satellite images equipped with Landsat ETM+ has sufficient capabilities to extract vegetation cover, particularly vegetation of forest areas. In this nearly ten-year period, when the area was included in the list of protected areas in Iran, by 2010, the protected vegetation of region has been increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Preparation of Land Use Map Using ETM+ Landsat (A Case Study in Hendodar Watershed)
Rezvan davodpour Hamid ToranjzarBackground and Objective: High population growth rate has led to excessive use of capacity and double pressure on natural resources, resulting in rapid land use changes. Therefore, quick and accurate identification of types of land cover can play an effective role in pl MoreBackground and Objective: High population growth rate has led to excessive use of capacity and double pressure on natural resources, resulting in rapid land use changes. Therefore, quick and accurate identification of types of land cover can play an effective role in planning and management. Satellite data because of vast and integrated sight covering with different electromagnetic spectrums and updated images are very suitable for making applicable Land use maps. The aim of this study is preparation of land use map using ETM+ landsat (a Case Study in Hendodar Watershed) Method: The Landsat 7 satellite images were used to determine the land use changes of Hendodar watershed in Markazi province. The GPS was used to determine the position of land use and land cover types on the basis of taking test and ground control points on field investigation. Obtained samples were used for supervised classification with four different algorithms including maximum Likelihood, minimum distance, Minimum Mahalanobis Distance and Box Classification. Findings: The optimum index factor (OIF) for the main bands and PCA (principal coordinate analysis) were used to select the optimum combination of three bands in a satellite image to create a color composite, sample set and other operation and classification. Among the algorithms, the maximum likelihood classification algorithm had better results from the types of coverage and lands use on the images. Discussion and Conclusion: The maximum likelihood classification algorithm with combination of b7, b4, b1 bands with 81.25% accuracy is the best algorithms of land use determination and classification comparing with real ground map of the area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Assessment of Land Changes in Tajan River Watershed with Emphasis on Landscape Metrics
Fatemeh Rajaei Abbas Esmaili Sari Abdolrassoul Salmanmahiny Majid Delavar Ali Reza Massah BavaniIntroduction: Land cover and its configuration in the landscape are crucial components in the provision of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Hyrcanian forests have a long history (arising in the Jurassic Period) and are among the world's most valuable forests; the de MoreIntroduction: Land cover and its configuration in the landscape are crucial components in the provision of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Hyrcanian forests have a long history (arising in the Jurassic Period) and are among the world's most valuable forests; the decline in the Hyrcanian forests is one of the most serious problems of recent years. Material & Method: This study aims at comparing multi-temporal land use and landscape pattern analysis using satellite images from 1984, 2001 and 2010. Land use and spatial structures were predicted for future time horizons in the Tajan Watershed by land change modeler (LCM). Also, the landscape patterns were calculated by FRAGSTATS 4.2. Result & Discussion: The results show that forest was the dominant land cover (72% of area in 1984 and 46% in 2040) in the study area. The total area of forest was 8/4 times higher than the agriculture land cover in 1984 and 1.8 times in 2040. The Largest patch Index (LPI) shows forest lands as dominant cover in the whole period. Also proximity index (PROX) in agriculture and pasture land use increase during 1984 to 2040. The Edge density (ED) will increase in the future for three land uses. The edge density will increase at forest land use from 2010 to 2040. An informed vision on past, present and future forest area dynamics may help guide and prioritize international decisions aimed at reducing forest loss. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Comparison of carbon sequestration in different land uses (Case Study: Some part of catchment of Behshahr)
Kebriya Jafari Marzieh Alikhah-Asl Yahya koochBackground and Objective: In recent years, increasing of greenhouse gases results in global warming and climate changes. Carbon sequestration is a result of carbon capturing in different parts of ecosystems, particularly in soil. The purpose of the present study is eval MoreBackground and Objective: In recent years, increasing of greenhouse gases results in global warming and climate changes. Carbon sequestration is a result of carbon capturing in different parts of ecosystems, particularly in soil. The purpose of the present study is evaluation of carbon sequestration potential in wheat field, citrus garden and grassland in urban district of Behshahr. Material and Methodology: The soil samples were collected from ten different points for each land use. They were randomly taken from a depth of 30 cm using systematic random sampling. Texture, apparent specific density, acidity, humidity, organic carbon and nitrogen of the soil were measured in laboratoty. The analysis of variance of soil properties indicates significant difference in studied land uses regarding to carbon sequestration. Findings: The results showed that the average carbon sequestration in wheat field, citrus garden and grassland were 36% (Ton/Ha), 54% (Ton/Ha), 51%(Ton/Ha) , respectively. Totally, citrus garden had the highest carbon sequestration among studied land uses. Grassland and wheat field were ranked in second and third places, respectively. Via Pearson product-moment correlation, it was revealed that among all analyzed parameters, nitrogen had the most effect on soil carbon sequestration. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of the present study show how land use effects on soil carbon sequestration, hence considering these results is necessary for Lands Management in North of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Investigating the transmission potential of land use and land cover using Similarity Weighted Instance based Learning, Logistic regression and Geomod methods (Case study: Bastam basin, Selseleh city)
soheila naseri rad Hamed Naghavi Javad Soosani seyed ahmadreza nouredini sasan vafaeiBackground and Objective: Assessing and estimating the high-accuracy transmission potential is an important step in the process of land use and land cover changes modeling and predicting. The aim of this study is to investigate the transmission potential of land use and MoreBackground and Objective: Assessing and estimating the high-accuracy transmission potential is an important step in the process of land use and land cover changes modeling and predicting. The aim of this study is to investigate the transmission potential of land use and land cover changes using Similarity Weighted Instance based Learning, Logistic regression and Geomod methods. Method: The land use and land cover maps for a 30-year period (1985-2015) were prepared using Landsat 5 and 8 satellite imagery. Land use and land cover transmission potential modeling was done using Similarity Weighted Instance based Learning, Logistic regression and Geomod methods and effective variables in the process of change. The accuracy of the results obtained from the models was determined by comparing with ground reality map for mentioned year. Findings: The Kappa coefficient of Similarity Weighted Instance based Learning, Logistic regression and Geomod were 0.84, 0.76 and 0.67, respectively. The investigating predicted maps for 2030 prepared by Similarity Weighted Instance based Learning and Markov chain showed that the area of residential areas, gardens and agricultural lands is increasing and the area of bare land, forests, pastures and water resources will have a decrease trend. Discussion and Conclusion: Finally, the results indicate a relatively high accuracy of three methods in estimating the transmission potential for land use and land cover changes, but according to the kappa coefficients, the accuracy of Similarity Weighted Instance based Learning method more than the other two methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Investigating the Quantitative Trend of Land Changes in Kermanshah Province (Case Study: Gharesou and Mereg Watershed (in years 1984, 2000, and 2016))
Fatemeh Mardani Yaghouti Mehrdad Khanmohammadi Peyman KaramiBackground and Objectives: Human activities change land cover at unprecedented speeds and large spatial scales. The rapid changes in ecosystems in recent decades have been more along all the human history and have led to unprecedented changes in ecosystems and env MoreBackground and Objectives: Human activities change land cover at unprecedented speeds and large spatial scales. The rapid changes in ecosystems in recent decades have been more along all the human history and have led to unprecedented changes in ecosystems and environmental performance at local, regional and global scales. This research aims to investigate the process of landscape quantitative changes in Gharesou and Mereg watersheds. Investigation method: For monitoring changes, Landsat satellite imagery of 1984 (TM), 2000 (ETM+) and 2016 (OLI-TIRS) were used. The classification was performed using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model. Land cover was classified into seven categories. Metrics PLAND, NP (Number of Patch), PD (Patch Density), and ED (Edge Density) at the Level of Class, NP, LPI (Largest Patch Index), CONTAG (Contagion), and SHDI (Shannon's diversity index) were calculated at the level of Landscape for the study area. Results: The results indicate that the highest percentage of the land cover belongs to agricultural lands and then medium rangelands. The numbers of patches of agricultural land in the period of 1984-2004 has increased due to the conversion of rangelands to agricultural lands and then between years 2000-2016 have decreased due to the conversion to medium ranges with a lesser rate. The number of forest patches in the first period has decreased because of conversion to medium rangelands and increased during the second period. Conclusion: The study of the landscape metrics indicates the increase in continuity, the reduction of fragmentation and diversity in the first time period, and in contrast, in the second time period, continuity has decreased and fragmentation and diversity have increased. Given the fact that the process of landscape changes varies over two different periods, it can generally be noted that the fragmentation and diversity of the landscape have declined and the spatial continuity has increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - The effect of climate change on land usage and agricultural sector performance in Mazandaran province
Alireza Keikha Ahmad Khanlary Ahmad Ali Keikha Mahmood SabouhiBackground and Objective: Climate change is today's problem and tomorrow's crisis. In this study, the effect of climate change on selected products and land usage was investigated in four regions in Mazandaran province. Method: Firstly, time series variables of tempera MoreBackground and Objective: Climate change is today's problem and tomorrow's crisis. In this study, the effect of climate change on selected products and land usage was investigated in four regions in Mazandaran province. Method: Firstly, time series variables of temperature and rainfall were examined during 1981-2012. Also we study the effect of annual mean temperature and rainfall, as the proxies of climate change, on the performance of under-cultivation wheat, barley and rice farms by using regression analysis from 1981 to2012. In the next step, the scenario effect of increasing 1-degree temperature and deceasing 1-mm precipitation on land usage and performance of agricultural crops were analyzed using regression analysis and considering them in Positive Math Programming model (PMP). Findings: The results of regression analysis showed that there was a noticeable temperature increase and rainfall decrease. In addition, they showed that climate change has a significant effect on wheat, barley and rice performance. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of PMP model analysis showed a change in land use to increase rice and barley cultivation. The findings show that the climate change effect is not necessarily negative on all crops, so we can pay attention to the positive effects as well and utilize them in optimum exploitation of resources and the region's facilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Investigating Capability and Evaluation of Spatial Temporal Variations in Yasuj in Urban Development
Arezoo salamatnia seyed Ali jozi Saeed Malmasi roya nezakati mojgan zaeimdarSustainable development is a kind of development that responds to the needs of the present generation, without threatening the future generation's capabilities in meeting their needs. So one of the most important steps to achieve sustainable development is to carry out MoreSustainable development is a kind of development that responds to the needs of the present generation, without threatening the future generation's capabilities in meeting their needs. So one of the most important steps to achieve sustainable development is to carry out various environmental studies before implementing any development plan. Background and Purpose: In this study, with the aim of investigating capability and evaluation of spatial temporal variations in Yasuj, efforts have been made to implement weighted Linear Combination Technique in order to predict the capability of the region for urban development. Also satellite images were used to investigate the spatial temporal variation in Yasuj city. Analysis method: In order to investigate the amount of power and evaluation of temporal and spatial variation in urban development, the criteria and sub-criteria were determined based on experts' opinions and previous researches. Then the AHP technique assisted by 30 faculty members and experts was employed to paired comparison dimensions and criteria. After the paired comparison, the information layers were standardized in the Idrisi environment and in the GIS environment. Then the layers were combined to determine the land suitability for Urban development. Afterwards, in order to study the time-shift changes of land use in Yasuj city in the three periods of 1986, 2001, and 2016, Landsat satellite images, TM, ETM + and OLI sensors, which were prepared in the Envi 5.1 software environment, were used. Findings: Based on the land use change trends in the Yasuj area, residential or urban areas have undergone extensive changes that affected environment uses including forests, grassland, agriculture and aquatic structures. The forest, located inside and around the city of Yasuj, provides a lot of ecosystem services for the area, which by city development, these services have been reduced both quantitatively and qualitatively, which should be considered. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this study can be used as a model for selecting suitable locations for urban development with respect to environmental considerations and results of this work shown that studies based on spatial data, especially on human settlements (due to their inherent nature) can be the basis for accurate planning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Analyzing Attitudes of Local People towards Socio-Economic Impacts of Land Use Change in Arasbaran Biosphere Reserve
Vahid Amini Parsa Ahmadreza Yavari Athare NejadiBackground and Objective: Understanding attitudes of local people on protected areas, especially land use management is necessary for maintaining, managing and achieving sustainable development in these areas. Considering local resident's attitudes can promote protected MoreBackground and Objective: Understanding attitudes of local people on protected areas, especially land use management is necessary for maintaining, managing and achieving sustainable development in these areas. Considering local resident's attitudes can promote protected areas management and help to recognize the problems and potential solutions. So in this research the attitudes and perceptions of people of Arsabaran Biosphere Reserve's about socio-economic impacts of land sue changes were analyzed. Method: 367 questionnaires consist of 24 questions distributed using stratified random method and full field by interviewing with local residents of the zones within the Arasbaran Biosphere Reserve (including the core, buffer and transitional zones). Validity and reliability of research was determined. Findings: Analysis show that the people consider scales and so socio-economic impacts of land sue changes in the local and regional scales is more important. Discussion and Conclusion: Local residents understand the necessity of maintaining land uses, but preferring the socio-economic issues and their livelihoods. People showed obviously the rational choice on their answers, and based on their current and future needs introduced future useful land uses. Using local residents' attitudes may help the managers to find out their needs as direct driving force of land use changes within the area and leads them to design win-win plans though land use management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Ecotourism Carrying Capacity Evaluation with Emphasis on Sustainable Development in Bisheh Waterfall as a Geotourism Area
Farzaneh Behrad Mehrdad Hadipour Morteza Naderi Azadeh KazemiIntroduction: Capacity assessment of natural areas in different directions is one of the tools to achieve sustainable development, to reduce pressure on ecosystems and to prevent their destruction. One of the most effective uses of natural ecosystems is circulation, whi MoreIntroduction: Capacity assessment of natural areas in different directions is one of the tools to achieve sustainable development, to reduce pressure on ecosystems and to prevent their destruction. One of the most effective uses of natural ecosystems is circulation, which can have negative effects on natural ecosystems if not planned and planned. In this regard, determining the capacity of the recreation can mitigate to some extent these effects. Because of the nature of the study area where is mountainous, Lorestan waterfall is one of the most fragile natural areas which needs planning to manage the influx of tourists into the area can be effective in protecting the sensitive resources of this ecosystem. Material & Methods: In this study, environmental units of the region were initially formed based on important factors such as the extent and area needed for circulation activities, climate variables such as hot days, stormy and rainy days, as well as topographical variables such as slope, elevation. And geographical directions, first the physical carrier capacity was calculated and then the actual board capacity was calculated. Results: The results showed that the physical board capacity for eligible zones is 1246792 persons and the actual board capacity for suitable zones is 1664 persons per day. Discussion and conclusion: The results obtained for the range of regionally susceptible regions of the grove yielded two types of range, namely physical and real for the development of tourism. Comparison of the calculated quantities shows that considering the ecological constraints in the bush area including altitude, soil depth, vegetation cover and determined parent rock strength, the physical board capacity in areas prone to tourism development is up to 80%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Implementation of Tourism Using Planning Model by Applying ANP-DEMATEL Integrated Decision Making Model and Fuzzy Logic (Case Study Malayer County)
Rezvan Heidari Hamid Reza Pourkhabbaz Saeideh Javanmardi Ali Reza IldoromiBackground and Objective: In fact, ecotourism is a responsible tourism to natural environments that preserves environment and stabilizes local community. Since nowadays, man does not take a responsible approach towards nature and environment, the assessment of ecologica MoreBackground and Objective: In fact, ecotourism is a responsible tourism to natural environments that preserves environment and stabilizes local community. Since nowadays, man does not take a responsible approach towards nature and environment, the assessment of ecological potential as a strategy for rational use of land is necessary. Method: In this study, considering the region ecological potential for tourism, implementation of planning model for this usage and zoning the regions which have potential for tourism is carried out. From the viewpoint of the goal, this research is functional and considering study style, it is descriptive and analytic (cross –sectional). As a result, to give weight to the criteria, ANP-DEMATEL interactive multi criteria decision making model was used and to standardize the criteria, fuzzy logic was used. Then by applying weighted linear combination (WLO) layers were combined together and a distribution map were extracted for the areas that have potential for tourism. Findings: The results showed 73.1 % of the region is suitable for ecotourism development and only 11.4 % of the region doesn't have the potential which is located in sloping areas. Discussion and Conclusion: Finally, we can conclude that ANP-DEMATEL integration of hybrid models with fuzzy logic ensures superior performance on the location of recreational areas and effective solution to help provide assessment team to decide this. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Optimization of future land use changes using CLUE-s model in the Ramian Township
Majid Mohammady Jafar DastoraniBackground and Objective: land use changes and conversion of natural resources to agricultural and residential area is an important problem in many countries. Land use change is an essential determinant factor in hydrological processes and is known as an affecting facto MoreBackground and Objective: land use changes and conversion of natural resources to agricultural and residential area is an important problem in many countries. Land use change is an essential determinant factor in hydrological processes and is known as an affecting factor on hydrological parameters such as runoff volume, flood frequency, base flow, subsurface and surface flow. Regard to importance of land use many models was presented to simulate land use changes. The main objective of this research was to simulate the land use changes of Ramian Township for future as a case study site. Material and Methodology: The main objective of this research was to simulate the land use changes of Ramian Township as a case study site. At first, land use maps related to years of 2000 and 2012 were prepared using remote sensing techniques and Landsat images, and then CLUE-s model was applied to simulate land use map of 2030 and create scenarios. Four scenarios were designed using CLUE-s model and define some limitation of land use change. Discussion & Conclusion: the results showed that the main land use change in Ramian Township was the conversion of forest and rangeland areas to agriculture and residential land. 18.07 km2 of forest and range were converted to agriculture and residential area. Of course in the designed scenarios conversion of this land use types were limited at the specific locations. Land use simulation and scenario design can be very useful for programmers and natural resources managers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - The Effects of Constructing and Exploiting Karkheh Storage Dam on the Land Uses and Quality of Regional Water
Shahla Kaabzadeh Jamal Ghodousi Reza Arjmandi Nematollah Jaafarzadeh HaghighifardBackground and Objective: One of the most important outcomes of dam construction is changing land use and investigating its effect on changing water quality and disturbing ecosystem balance of rivers in dam`s downstream.this study was conducted in the downstream watersh MoreBackground and Objective: One of the most important outcomes of dam construction is changing land use and investigating its effect on changing water quality and disturbing ecosystem balance of rivers in dam`s downstream.this study was conducted in the downstream watershed of the Karkheh dam locating in the south-west of Iran to analyze influences of land use change resulting of construction of Karkheh dam on water quality of Karkheh river as one of the indicators for destruction of ecosystem balance of the study river.Method: In order to conduct the study periodical Land Sat TM and ETM+ images were used to assess land use change before and after construction of the dam. Comparative water quality data collected. Hydrometric station was also used to analyze possible existence of correlation and relationship between land use and water quality changes.Findings: Results of the study indicated that there is a significant correlation between land use change and water quality of the river in the low land of the Karkheh dam at confidence level of 95 and 99 per cent(p-value=0.05 and 0.01) Application of regression models to formulate relationships between area of different types of land use and amount of each one of the observed parameters of water quality indicated that increase in area of irrigated land due to the providing water is the main factor that tended to deterioration of water quality of rive trench in downstream of the Kharkheh Dam. While allowcated land for irrigated land in the study area is about 76%.Discussion and Conclusion: This study indicated that the allowed area allocated to irrigated agriculture was 46% of total basin of Karkheh dam`s downstream. Therefore, increasing irrigated agriculture use was the main reason for reducing the quality of river`s water. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Analyzing Spatiotemporal Relationship between Land-Use Changes and Groundwater Quantity in Ardabil Plain
Vahid Amini Parsa ali azizi Bahram Malekmohammadi Babak KhaiatrostamiBackground and Objectives: Understanding spatiotemporal relationship between Land use/cover changes (LUCCs) and groundwater quantity changes is vital to efficient and sustainable restricted plain management. This study aims to analyze relationship between LUCCs and grou MoreBackground and Objectives: Understanding spatiotemporal relationship between Land use/cover changes (LUCCs) and groundwater quantity changes is vital to efficient and sustainable restricted plain management. This study aims to analyze relationship between LUCCs and groundwater quantity changes in the Ardabil restricted plain. Method: The land use maps were extracted and classified from four Landsat images for 1989, 1998, 2009, and 2014. Then the classified images accuracy was assessed. The groundwater depth distribution maps extracted from piezometric data using Kriging method for the same times. REGRESS and CORRELATE modules in Idrise Selva package used to analyze relation between LUCCs and groundwater depth changes in the study area. Findings: Results indicated the incremental trend in human built environment (5.1%) and agricultural land (10.57%) at the expense of decreasing in bare land (14.78%) and forestland (0.88%). The average groundwater depth decline was about 6.27 meters over past studied 25 years. All the obtained R values from REGRESS model were between 0.35 and 0.54 for different studied periods. The R2 values from CORRELATE for each cells confirmed the direct spatiotemporal relationship between the occurred LUCCs and groundwater quantity changes within the study area. Discussion and Conclusion: This study shows the ability of RS and GIS techniques alongside statistical models based on regression analyzing is useful to analyze relation between dynamic LUCCs and groundwater depth changes. The results and applied approach can be useful in efficient management, planning and policy making of restricted plains and also in identifying priority zones for land use and groundwater management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Three Decades of Land Use Changes Analyzing in Anzali, Using GIS/RS
MAHSA ADL ALIREZA GHARAGOZLU JAFAR NOURI SHAHRZAD FARYADIBackground and Objective: Land use surveys and review of environmental changes are one of the most important aspects of environmental management for future planning. Method: After image processing by using ERDAS software Landsat images (TM, ETM+) and Aster image (taken MoreBackground and Objective: Land use surveys and review of environmental changes are one of the most important aspects of environmental management for future planning. Method: After image processing by using ERDAS software Landsat images (TM, ETM+) and Aster image (taken in 1989, 2000 and in 2011(in order to demonstrates Anzali land use changes during 3 decades, each image was classified separately, in six classes of land uses/covers: 1- built-up areas, 2- agricultural, 3- barren, 4- forest, 5- wetland, and 6- water bodies and then, the primary land use map was extracted for each image. Having finished the image classification stage, accuracy of classification was determined and area coverage for all six types of land use within the Anzali were calculated over three decades. Findings: The results predicted a declining trend of 10.64% in forest, 8.52% in Anzali wetland and 11.54% in barren land during1989 to 2011, and also an increasing trend of 7.1% in urban areas for a time span 1989-2021. Major expansions in urban areas were witnessed around western and eastern borders of the city, particularly close to the eastern border. Scattered expansions were also predicted in Anzali wetlands registered in Ramsar Convention (Southern borders). Discussion and Conclusion: This study provides an opportunity to define and apply better strategies for environmental management of land use in order to make an optimized balance between urban development and ecological protection of environmental resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Investigation of the Relationship Between Soil Salinity Trend, Land Use and Climatic Factors Change (Case Study: Shadegan, Khuzestan)
Donya Amini Mohsen Tavakoli Marzban faramarziBackground and Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between trend of soil salinity, land use and climatic factors in the region of Shadegan, Khuzestan. Method: In this study, using principal component analysis and 54 samples of soil, s MoreBackground and Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between trend of soil salinity, land use and climatic factors in the region of Shadegan, Khuzestan. Method: In this study, using principal component analysis and 54 samples of soil, soil salinity maps were prepared for the years 1990, 2006 and 2015. In the next step, land use maps of the region for the mentioned years have been prepared using satellite images and trend changes are determined. On the other hand, changes in climatic factors (temperature and precipitation) for the period of 1990-2015 were evaluated. Findings: Results showed that, reducing precipitation and increasing temperature caused increasing soil salinity during 25 years and also agricultural land and irrigation by saline water increases the salinity of the soil. Discussion and conclusion: Locating Hoor al-Azim wetland in the western part of the region, although it has fresh, brackish and saline water, it may have negative effects on soil salinity of the area because of using in agriculture irrigation. Finally, it can be concluded that soil salinity of the land might change land use and it can cause desertification in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Investigation of Land Use Change Using Landscape Ecology Approach (Case study: Zagros Dam Basin in Gilan Gharb)
Parisa Pirouzinejad maryam morovati Nooshin PirouzinejadBackground and Objective: The Zagros Dam watershed in Kermanshah Province is enclosed by the cities of Dalaho, Sarpol Zahab, Islamabad Gharb and Gilan Gharb and has experienced drastic land use changes in the last decade. The aim of the study was to investigate the chan MoreBackground and Objective: The Zagros Dam watershed in Kermanshah Province is enclosed by the cities of Dalaho, Sarpol Zahab, Islamabad Gharb and Gilan Gharb and has experienced drastic land use changes in the last decade. The aim of the study was to investigate the changes in land use using land surface ecology measures, due to the change in Zagros oak forests and data provision, lack of agricultural land, soil erosion and flooding in the area. Material and Methodology: Landsat 8 satellite images from 2010 and 2020 were used in this study. After the necessary image pre-processing, educational patterns were identified using false-colour imagery (FCC) and vegetation index (NDVI). Classification was done using 730 training points from agricultural, forest, pasture and residential areas using Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Maximum Likelihood Theory. Land surface measurements were used at two levels of class and landscape, and the changes that occurred in the landscape were quantified. After calculating the changes using the Markov chain, the potential of changes between different land uses was obtained for the year 2030. Findings: ¬ According to the results, the area of agricultural land use in 2010 was 23,933.43 hectares, which increased to 25,344.09 hectares in 2020, indicating the dominance of this land use in the changes that occurred. Forest and pasture land use showed a decreasing trend. Field measurements of the land surface also revealed significant changes in the class level and the landscape. The entropy metric of disorder and disturbance at the boundary of natural land uses such as forest and pasture showed an increasing trend from 2010 to 2020. The measure of the number of patches (NP) and the measure of continuity (CONTAG) showed that the changes that occurred in the area of the Zagros Dam were towards the fragmentation of the landscape and also towards the reduction of its continuity. Discussion and Conclusion: The future trend of land use change will be towards the predominance of agricultural land use and the reduction of natural land use, so it is necessary for the relevant executive bodies to have more control over the destruction of natural land at the edge of agricultural land. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Landscape Metrics as Tool for Investigating the Relationship between Landscape Patterns and Land Surface Temperature in suitable scale(Case Study: Tehran City
Fatemeh Effati Abdolrassoul Salmanmahiny Fatemeh SHafie Khorshidi Saeed KarimiBackground and Objective: Tehran has experienced extensive population growth in the last decades, leading to a high rate of urban expansion. Land use/land cover (LULC) patterns have noticeably been changed to impervious surfaces that led to the changes in the thermal co MoreBackground and Objective: Tehran has experienced extensive population growth in the last decades, leading to a high rate of urban expansion. Land use/land cover (LULC) patterns have noticeably been changed to impervious surfaces that led to the changes in the thermal condition and forming heat islands in this city. So this study wants to evaluate the landscape and the Land surface temperature patterns via using the landscape metrics on a proper scale in Tehran. Material and Methodology: In this study, a combination of remote sensing, GIS and landscape ecology approach is used to explain the relationship between land use/cover patterns and land surface temperature in Tehran's urban area. We used ETM + Landsat satellite images of February 28, 2013 to create a five class LULC map of the area through Linear Spectral Mixture Analysis and the maximum algorithm methods. Also, Land Surface Temperature map were prepared according to the available methods for thermal band of the sensor and were presented in four zones. Then, the relationship between LST and land use/cover was investigated using 7 landscape metrics (e.g MPS, PAFRAC, COHESION). Findings: We found that impervious surface has the highest percentage of class and mean patch size, cohesion and aggregation, and landscape metrics very well described the LST zone II with impervious surface dominance. Also, the results showed that the 30 m pixel size is good enough for assessing the spatial and ecological characteristics of LULC patterns and their relationships with LST in Tehran Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed the possibility of assessing the relationship between LST and LULC based on the landscape metrics. The findings can be useful for urban planners and environmental managers to decrease urban heat pollution during urban sprawl and development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Assessing the effect of development management scenarios in mitigating the residential and agricultural land use conflict
Ali Asgarian Alireza Soffianian Saeid Pourmanafi Mohsen Bagheri BodaghabadiBackground and Objective: Residential land encroachment on agricultural areas presents a global challenge regarding land use management. Such a challenge needs crucial attention in Iran where agricultural activities suffer from resource shortage and land use management MoreBackground and Objective: Residential land encroachment on agricultural areas presents a global challenge regarding land use management. Such a challenge needs crucial attention in Iran where agricultural activities suffer from resource shortage and land use management practices are ineffectively planned and enforced. Material and Methodology: An attempt was first made to delineate agricultural land use suitability. Two scenarios namely Current Development (CD) and Environmental Development (ED) were mapped and transplanted to CA-Markov model to simulate urban growth up to 2030, 2040 and 2050. Finally, severity of conflicts was analyzed based on loss of the extent and the corresponding suitability of agricultural lands. Findings: The results showed that ED scenario is more successful in protecting suitable agricultural lands than CD scenario (nearly one thousand ha). Moreover, CD scenario is projected to occur in areas with relatively higher agricultural suitability values. The difference between the scenarios is not significant for near future (2030), but significant for the ending simulation period (2050). Discussion and Conclusion: ED scenario is more succeeded in protecting quantitative and qualitative agricultural lands. By implementing this scenario from now, it takes 35 years to significantly mitigate the conflict between the two land uses. However, the effectiveness of such scenarios requires simultaneous attention to socio-economic parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Land Use Planning and Water Resources Management; Resource Planning Instead of Activities Planning (Case Study: Caspian Bas
Amir Hedayati Aghmashhadi Hamidreza Jafari Naser Mehrdadi Hedayat Fahmi Parvin Farshchi Samaneh Zahediction: Caspian basin is one of the six basins of the country due to the development of humanactivities over the past decades by land use plans because severe changes in land cover in this basin itcan cause undesirable effects on water resources in the basin.Material and Morection: Caspian basin is one of the six basins of the country due to the development of humanactivities over the past decades by land use plans because severe changes in land cover in this basin itcan cause undesirable effects on water resources in the basin.Material and Methods: In this paper, to evaluate the effect of land use on water resources in the formof land-cover change, First, to assess the changes in land cover in the Caspian basin, And then thepressure on water resources scoring using FANP method then in the IDRISI software maps are madeand in the Arc GIS maps overlay. Finally, and by Excel software Regression and correlation betweenchanges in land cover and land use management of water resources in the Caspian basin will bedetermined.Results and Discussion: The results show that in the period between 2001 and 2012 Talesh sub-basinwith 28.91 % and Sefidrud with 8.18 % had maximum and lowest land cover changes in the Caspianbasin. Also final scoring of water resource management in the Caspian basin shown that Area subbasinwith 0.499617 and Haraz-Ghareh Su sub-basin with 0.158627 had maximum and lowest scoreof water resource management in the Caspian basin. Also the results of the dependence of changes inland cover by land use management and water resources management in the Caspian sub basin shown1- PhD Student of Environmental Planning, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran2- Professor of Environmental Planning and Management, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran,Tehran, Iran.3- Professor of Environmental Engineering Water and Wastewater, Faculty of Environment, University ofTehran, Tehran, Iran.4- PhD Hydrology and Water Resources, Deputy of Major Planning Affairs of Ab and Abfa, Iran Ministry ofEnergy.5- Professor of Costal Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Energy, Science and Research Campus, IslamicAzad University, Tehran, Iran.6- PhD Student of Environmental Management, Faculty of Environment and Energy, Science and ResearchCampus, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.J.Env.Sci,TechJ.Env. Sci. Tech., Vol 17, No.3, Autumn 2015195that the dependence of R-Squared is equal to 0.645, indicating a relatively high dependence on thefield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Land use/cover mapping usig satellite data and geographic information system (GIS) (Case study: Mouteh wild life sanctuary)
Vahid Rahdary Alireza Soffianian Saeideh Maleki Najfabdai Seyed Jamaleddin Khajeddin Meysam RahdariIntroduction: Nowadays remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) are excellent tools to use in land use and land cover mapping. Identification land use /cover arrangement can help to proper land management. Material and Methods:In this study for Mouteh wil MoreIntroduction: Nowadays remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) are excellent tools to use in land use and land cover mapping. Identification land use /cover arrangement can help to proper land management. Material and Methods:In this study for Mouteh wild life sanctuary’s land use land cover mapping IRS-P6, LISS III data which is planned at the same time with field sampling was taken in jun 2006were used. After preparing the satellite data, the geometric correction was applied to an image with the 0.65 mean square error. In the next step, due to being the mountainous zone topographic correction was performed on the image.Finely land use/cover maps were produced by using combinatorial classification method. Vegetation cover percentage map was prepared by using SAVI index and field sampling. Each land use/cover map was produced using several image processing. Using GIS technique Land use/cover layer combined together and land use/cover map was produced. In order to thematic accuracy assess Kappa coefficient and total accuracy were calculated respectively equal: 0/92 and 0/94 that shown proper image classification. Results: Study result show that vegetation cover with 0-10% crown has highest area in region with 81690(ha) either mining residential area was respectively 828 and 249(ha). Discussion And Conclusions:Result shown that hybrid classification method has high ability for land use/cover mapping especially when land use/cover have similar reflectance that common classification methods such as supervise and unsupervised classification can not produce proper maps. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Assessment of Environmental Management and Land Use Planning in the Airport Surrounding Areas (Case Study: Mehrabad Airport)
Akramalmolok Lahijanian Mahshid MohammadiAbstract Background and Objective: Airports are the most basic parts of air transport system, and presence of new generation of modern aircrafts, rapid growth of traffic volume and demand for air travel, and adoption of coherent and precise rules and regulations for var MoreAbstract Background and Objective: Airports are the most basic parts of air transport system, and presence of new generation of modern aircrafts, rapid growth of traffic volume and demand for air travel, and adoption of coherent and precise rules and regulations for various stages of flight operations have made the airport a complex and dynamic system. The aim of this study is to perform management and land use planning using an environmental approach at Mehrabad Airport. The first hypothesis is that the airport surrounding areas are related to flight safety. The second hypothesis is that the use of the airport surronding areas is related to environmental protection, and the third hypothesis is that land management and planning affect the comfort and security of the people residing in the airport surrounding area. Method: The study was carried out through investigation of the study area using Arc GIS 9.3 software to produce geographic position maps of the area, land use areas, and communication networks. Then, by adjusting and distributing the questionnaire, the effective factors on land use management were assessed and the strengths and weaknesses of the strategic management method were identified. The questionnaires were analyzed by correlation analysis using the SPPS19 software. Findings: The findings of the first hypothesis suggest that there is a meaningful and direct relationship between the parameters of "the airport surrounding area" and "flight security". In the second hypothesis, there is a meaningful and inverse relationship between the factors "how to use the airport surrounding area" and "environmental protection". The third hypothesis indicated the meaningful and direct relationship between the variables of "land management and planning" and "comfort and security of the people residing in the airport surrounding area". Discussion and Conclusion: Results of the analysis show that among the respondents, most of the pilots (90.5%) believe that there is a strong relationship between the the airport surrounding areas and the flight safety. Only 4.8% believed that this relationship was insignificant. In contrast, 4.8% of the remaining respondants also reported this connection to be very much. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Investigation of Cover/Land Use Structure of Sefidrod Watershed by Landscape Ecology Metrics
Vahed Kiyani Jahangir FeghhiIntroduction: Awareness of the types of land cover and human activities as a data base of planning isimportant, which for optimum use of natural resources in sustainable development way to aware ofecological resources in limited time and minimum cost needed. The aim of MoreIntroduction: Awareness of the types of land cover and human activities as a data base of planning isimportant, which for optimum use of natural resources in sustainable development way to aware ofecological resources in limited time and minimum cost needed. The aim of this study has beenInvestigation of Cover/Land Use Structure of Sefidrood Watershed by Landscape Ecology Metrics.Material and method: In this study cover/land use maps of watershed with the goal Sefidrood paperusing Arc GIS 9.2 software maps the desired category and eventually became relevant measures usingsoftware Fragstat 3.3 were extracted. Measures used in the grade level (the user) in this studymeasures grade level, percentage area, the number of spots, total margin, shape, Land, the largestspots, the average level of spot, average spot shape index and mean nearest neighbor distances wereEuclidean.Results: Index numbers to measure tear stains classes used in this study, the largest number of spotsand tear, ie the most agriculture-related classes (691) and the lowest dissociation related to the forestclass (30), respectively. The highest rating land to grassland class (39/56) had the spots are moredispersed than classes and the lowest to the forest class (10/78) and in the forest of stain lessdispersion of have. The highest mean Euclidean nearest neighbor distance of the amount of disruptionpieces spots shows a class related to the agricultural class (6747/32 m) and the lowest value was to theforest class (908/32).Conclusion: User disruption in agriculture is the highest amount of fragmentation can therefore beconcluded their relationship with their collection has been discontinued and the notion that this isagricultural land have less integrity (fragmented more disruption) than other classes. The use ofrenewable resources should be a way that do not cause disturbs the balance of the environment, becusethe change in resources due to changes in ecological structure and function of Landscape is impressivein the area. However, applying principles of landscape ecology gives an initial assessment in thelandcape ecological scale that on the way for rapid assessment and scientific use and emphasizedservices of the nature, The prioritization each of the pathes is based on their quality. So suggestedutilization princpel of landscape ecology to provide structural information to design and landuseplanning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Construction of a conceptual model for against disasters using a sustainable development approach
Yasser Moarab esmaeil salehi Mohamad Javad Amiri Jahanbakh BalistBackground and Objective: Looking at the long history (at least ten thousand years) of human settlement, we can realize that urban environments in their current shape and form can be considered a relatively new phenomenon. Despite covering a small area of the earth&rsqu MoreBackground and Objective: Looking at the long history (at least ten thousand years) of human settlement, we can realize that urban environments in their current shape and form can be considered a relatively new phenomenon. Despite covering a small area of the earth’s surface, urban environments house the majority of human population. The man is always faced with natural and man-made disasters and crises. Although it is not possible to avoid crisis, but its damage can be reduced by proper design. Thus, evaluation of urban resilience is one of the crucial factors to gurd the city against the natural and man-made disasters. Increase of the resilience of cities can minimize the damage caused by natural disaster. The importance of this issue is as high as some have referred to it as a new paradigm in urban evolution. Method: In this study, it has been attempted to use a deductive approach with a systematic approach. Findings: Numerous studies have been carried out to determine the relation of resilience dimensions and components with the urban land use. In the end, several dimensions and criteria considered more prominent by the experts (specialized in the field of environmental planning, urban planning, and geography) have been proposed for the concept of land use resilience Discussion and Conclusion: It has been attempted to determine both diminition and resiliency of urban lands criteria and also sustainable development approach though applying inductive approaches with system concept. Finally, by drawing the related conceptual model, effective steps will be made for reduction of vulnerabilties and improving cities and their systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Land use change detection using remote sensing and GIS (Case study: Qhaemshahr city)
Gholam Reza Sabzghabaei Kaveh Jafarzadeh Seyedeh Soolmaz Dashti Shaharam Yousefi Khanghah Mojgan Bazmara BaleshtiBackground and Objective: One of the main issues in regional planning and development is land use change by human activities. Considering the benefits and potentials of satellite data, we can use remote sensing to extract and find this changes. Method: In this study, l MoreBackground and Objective: One of the main issues in regional planning and development is land use change by human activities. Considering the benefits and potentials of satellite data, we can use remote sensing to extract and find this changes. Method: In this study, land use changes of Qhaemshahr in a 15 years term has been detected. In this study, ETM+ images of 1999 and OLI images of 2014 of Landsat satellite has been used. After pre-processing via super wised classification, land use map has been extracted. Findings: Finally 5 land use types has been identified in this region. The kappa coefficient and the overall accuracy was 98.4 % and 0.97 % for ETM+ results and 99.67% and 0.97% for OLI results sequentially. The results showed that agricultural lands, forest, water covered areas has been converted to building zone and garden. The Results showed that 27.26% increase in garden regions, and 45.32 % decrease in agricultural zones during 15 years, also Forest lands and water covered decreased and building zones increased during 15 years. Discussion and Conclusion: The results confirm that satellite information for extracting land use maps and detecting land use changes is an effective method for planning the natural resources management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Land Use Planning and its effects on reduced city vulnerability Against Earthquake
Elham Amini Farah Habib Gholam Hossein MojtahedzadehThe growing population and necessary development of urban areas have raised major concern about how to minimize natural hazards in urban societies. Urban growth is changing constantly owing to the way of humanity lives on the earth. The size of both cities and their urb MoreThe growing population and necessary development of urban areas have raised major concern about how to minimize natural hazards in urban societies. Urban growth is changing constantly owing to the way of humanity lives on the earth. The size of both cities and their urban populations is unprecedented. Major changes in city sizes have altered the way land and its resources are used and manifestly led to undesirable environmental consequences. Examined casualties of and damages from earthquake in cities show that a high percentage of damages are directly or indirectly caused by unacceptability of planning and calculated risks to cities so as to reduce them. It can be said in actual fact that damages and casualties of earthquake are mainly caused not only by violated standards of structures but also by improper principals of urban planning (including design). Minimizing the risk of earthquake relies upon pre- and post- earthquake studies of urban plans (including design). A positive step forward in decreasing the vulnerability of urban areas to earthquake is considering urban land use planning as a central core of urban planning. An increased flexibility of urban areas to minimize earthquake risks depends on including proof against earthquake in urban planning. This paper attempts to show the relationship between urban land use and vulnerability of cities against earthquake, primarily focusing on the necessity of including the relationship in urban planning. Determining strategies for land use planning, this paper offers flexible, simple, logical and effective policies on and criteria for rehabilitating urban fabric Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Study of land use and urban development effects on rapid mass transportation system
Mohsen Aghdas Vatankhah Fereydoun GharibA rapid mass transportation system refers to a complex of transportation means in special corridors, which takes travelers from a specified point to a certain destination in the least amount of time and with sufficient safety. Such a system often uses high technologies MoreA rapid mass transportation system refers to a complex of transportation means in special corridors, which takes travelers from a specified point to a certain destination in the least amount of time and with sufficient safety. Such a system often uses high technologies and usually rails. The role of such systems and their effect on urban planning and residential areas development are important because often they do not have the limitations of other modes of transportation; therefore, they minimize the time of travelling from the city’s main administrative and trade centers to major residential areas. And this factor has mutual effects on travel demands on the one hand and urban development on the other hand. This article is part of a more comprehensive study and only investigates the effects of various land uses and urban design role in decreasing or increasing transportation demands and the three important factors affecting such demands. Theses factors are spatial organization, density zoning, and urban design and its effects on transportation demands. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Land Use Assessment on Gomishan Plain (With Emphasis On Soil Characteristics)
Azita Mehrani Borhan Riazi Seyed Akbar Javadi Khosro Shahidi HamedaniIntroduction: As we know ecological condition in terms of drought, lack of precipitation, salinity of soil and water level restricted restoration to life of plant layer, so selection the best managerial procedure is very important while in order to provide vegetation al MoreIntroduction: As we know ecological condition in terms of drought, lack of precipitation, salinity of soil and water level restricted restoration to life of plant layer, so selection the best managerial procedure is very important while in order to provide vegetation also has the capability to decrease the soil erosion .All of all this research concerning to one of the unique ecosystem zone salinity, high water level which due to several years ago, as a result of the overload grazing of animals cause destruction the power of generation, finally to intensify the soil erosion of the region. Materials and methods: For the purpose of investigation about the role of land use and its effects on soil surface two areas included of farmland and rangeland closest to the area which has fenced for 21 years.For measuring physical specification (texture and structure) and also chemical specification (nitrogen, PH, EC, organic material), Taking sample of soil from each of these zones is done. Sampling method for this matter is in according to the procedure that consists of taking 3 transect with 100(meters) long in each zone and in along each transect taking 3 sample up to 15 (centimeter) deep by using spade.In order to measuring the amount of permeability of the soil in each zone (exclusion, rangeland, dryland farming) in 3 times and in all of these 3 situation.Altogether, 9 experiments are done. Results: The result of these experiments indicates that exploitation in form of rangeland and dryland farming has not meaningful effect on the soil texture, but the compressibility of soil surface increased. Consequently there was not any effect on the nitrogen and organic material of the soil.Land use in form of dryland farming increase EC factor of soil and in form of rangeland has no any meaningful effect on EC. The result of soil permeability experiment shows averagely, soil permeability in exclusion area approximately 10 times to the rangeland and 9 times to the dryland farming. Results and Discussion: With regard to the dangerous of desertification in this zone, it should be hesitate to exploitation in any form of land use (farming and pasture). In view of successful of researching exclusion, salinity decreases and increasing in soil permeability, exclusion should be considered as an amendatory method.Dry farming can cause high salinity and decreasing soil permeability, for this reason with attention to the low raining in this zone it is required that farmland convert to the implant pasture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Study of the Relationship between Landuse Change and Topographic Parameters in Mashhad in GIS Environment
Mehdi Gholamalifard Iman Fatehi Hamed Bidel Bahareh GhafouriBackground and Objective: Detection of land change during time series is very important for making optimal decisions about land management through understanding the interactions between human and natural phenomena. In this study, changes in landuse in Mashhad and their MoreBackground and Objective: Detection of land change during time series is very important for making optimal decisions about land management through understanding the interactions between human and natural phenomena. In this study, changes in landuse in Mashhad and their relation with topographic conditions were investigated using the Landsat images of 1987, 2001 and 2014. Method: Landuse map was created using visual interpretation method with six classes including bare lands, dry lands, forest, irrigated farming lands, range lands and urban lands. Finally, the relation of landuse changes with topographic components (elevation, slope, and aspect) was studied. Findings: Results showed that area of urban, forest and bare landuses is increased and area of dry, irrigated farming and range landuses is decreased during the study period. Greatest landuse change was from irrigated farming to dry farming lands, which was about 37702.75 ha. Mashhad urban area has been expanded about 16754 ha in the studied 27-year period, most which happened in locations with 800-1600 m of elevation, 8-12% slope and located in northern and eastern aspects. Conclusion: The obtained results can be used as a useful mean for managing the regions disposed to landuse change and provide the planners with suitable view to manage the landuse and future development plans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Investigation on the Qualitative Changes of Tehran green space, between 1990 and 2006(Case study: District 5 of Tehran municipality)
Mona Soroudi Seid Ali JoziBackground and Objective: Regarding the vegetation's crucial role in urban environment, investigation on the change detection seems to be necessary. Therefore, the usage of remote sensing was noticed to be important to study the changes. Method: In this study, to estim MoreBackground and Objective: Regarding the vegetation's crucial role in urban environment, investigation on the change detection seems to be necessary. Therefore, the usage of remote sensing was noticed to be important to study the changes. Method: In this study, to estimate the qualitative changes of vegetation cover, the NDVI was applied and Tm and IRS images of 1990 and 2006 were used and vegetation maps of District 5 of Tehran municipality by underlining the different greenness levels were generated. Findings: Statistics revealed that the area of good and moderate greenness level vegetated lands decreased and the area of poor greenness level vegetated lands increased by 23.22, 684.27 and 299.43 ha respectively. It is important to mention that to find out the procedure of qualitative changes of the study area's vegetation cover post-classification change detection technique applied and results indicated that non-vegetated areas converted to poor and moderate greenness level vegetated lands by 0.9 and 186.48 ha respectively. Also the conversion of 419.58 ha of poor and 175.86 ha of moderate greenness level vegetated lands to non-vegetated lands was noticed. Conclusion: The maximum amount of increased non-vegetated area and destroyed moderate and good greenness level vegetated lands were studied in region number 2. So, region number 2, in comparison with other six regions has been changed the most during 1990 to 2006. The equal amount of increased non-vegetated area and decreased vegetated area by 408.06 ha showed that land use changes have been accrued in study area, therefore conservation and increase the urban vegetated areas are important to develop urban master plans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Necessity of selecting the optimum model for urban landfills site selection in line with land use planning and sustainable development
Talieh Abdolkhani Nejhad Seyed Mosood Monavvari Saeed ZareieBackground and Objective: Landfill site selection is essential in urban development plans. Sustainable development can mean the identification of the unique characteristics and assets of a region which highlights the advantages of each region and leads the regional bene MoreBackground and Objective: Landfill site selection is essential in urban development plans. Sustainable development can mean the identification of the unique characteristics and assets of a region which highlights the advantages of each region and leads the regional beneficiaries and resources to the perspective emerging from land use planning. Therefore, the environmental baseline studies based on GIS technology and other models related to spatial data analysis for identification of the area, could be seriously addressed. Natural landscape referes to usefulness of human activities in the nature, especially in the areas which are covered with plants or artificially drawn, On the other hand study of urban landfills from natural landscape view has a very important effect on landfill site selection, This seeks to find the optimum model for urban landfill site selection in line with land use and sustainable development. Methods: In this study, the landfill in Bushehr was visted and features such as the spacing of wells, residential communities, industrial facilities, access roads, airports, historical and religious centers, areas of biological importance, hunting and habitat zones for birds, geographic coordinates, wind, topography, geology, land use, soil, watercourse, groundwater depth, floodplain, surface water and slope were studied. After the necessary processing using the software area maps were prepared. The obtained map was transferred to Arc GIS software. The maps with Clip functions related to the intended zone were extracted for all the digital files. The basic maps in, 9/2 Arc GIS were determined in the study area using Buffer function, after classification and finally overlaying each maps, the finalized, was obtained. The final map was prepared according to the classification table with three values of poor, average and good. Results: The results showed that the study area is 57% suitable, 40% poor and 3 % average in terms of spatial planning and sustainable development criteria. According to population growth in Bushehr city, the amount of waste production in a 20-year horizon (2009-2026) of the area required for sanitry landfilling in the study area was calculated 1176261/2 hectare. Knowing landfill has an area of 2 hectare, it was revealed that the place does not meet the needs for 20 years. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Investigation of the process of land use change in Mahidasht plain watershed using Remote Sensing images
Samireh Saymohammadi Mohsen Tavakoli Kiumars Zarafshani Hossein Mehdizadeh Farzad AmiriIn this study, to the investigation of land use change trend in Mahidasht plain watershed, first, land uses of land in the region were provided by satellite imagery and user map of past years, and then was calculated the percentage of changes in the level of each applic MoreIn this study, to the investigation of land use change trend in Mahidasht plain watershed, first, land uses of land in the region were provided by satellite imagery and user map of past years, and then was calculated the percentage of changes in the level of each application. Satellite images taken from Landsat 8,7 and 5 satellites and for three time periods (1987, 2000, 2016), which were provided by international references. All map corrections were performed in ENVI 5.3 and ARC GIS 10.2 software. The results of this study showed that in the first period of the study (1987), the largest area of land use was for Rain fed land with an area of 1558.63 Km2 and the smallest area was the Residential area with an area of 15.77 Km2. Also in the second period (1987-2000), the largest area of land use was for Rain fed land with an area of 1465.74 Km2 and the smallest area belonged to residential land with an area of 19.44 Km2.Whereas in the third period (2000-2016), the largest area of land use was Irrigated lands with an area of 1054.60 Km2, and then the uncoated lands with an area of 1050.62 km2 and the smallest area related to Residential land with area 22.51 Km2. During the period from 2000 to 2016, the largest change was observed in Rain fed lands to Irrigated lands, and the area of uncoated lands and Residential lands also increased significantly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Change detection of land use in Ardabil city by means of GIS and RS Technology
Mirmasood Kheirkhah Zarkesh Farhad Hoseinzadeh azadSince agricultural plain lands of Ardabil have been important in providing food stuffs, and due to the necessities of land usage management in this section, determination of process and change-rating of land cover I important for developers. In this regard, dynamic temp MoreSince agricultural plain lands of Ardabil have been important in providing food stuffs, and due to the necessities of land usage management in this section, determination of process and change-rating of land cover I important for developers. In this regard, dynamic temporal data of remote sensing can play an important role in searching and analyzing of land usage change which is done by means of numerical change detection techniques in which the descriptive process of changes in covering variety and situation of land use is based on the temporal series image data. Basic hypothesis in using remote sensing data is on the base of these criteria that claims the ascending or descending nature of changes between two or more periods is recognizable, and by comparing the related data from different years, we can detect mutual relationships between natural, social and economic parameters. In this study, maximum likelihood supervised classification and change detection techniques were applied to Land sat images acquired in 1990 and 2007, respectively, to map land cover changes in the Ardebil city. A supervised classification was carried out on reflective bands for the four images individually with the aid of ground truth data. Ground truth information collected were used to assess the accuracy of the classification results. Using ancillary data, and expert knowledge of the area through GIS further refined the classification results. Change detection technique was used to produce change image through cross-tabulation Changes among different land cover classes were assessed. During the study period, a very severe land cover change has taken place as a result of agricultural and urban development projects. These changes in land cover led to vegetation degradation and cropland in part of the study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Investigating the Distribution of Urban Land Use in Urban Development Projects in Terms of Social Justice (Case Study: Sabzevar City)
Farzaneh Sadat Hosseini Jonbazi Aram KarimiBackground and Objective: Around the world, countries are increasingly moving toward urban but to meet the needs of their service is, appropriately, is accountable to citizens. Therefore, one of the main concerns of city planners and managers is how to fairly distribute MoreBackground and Objective: Around the world, countries are increasingly moving toward urban but to meet the needs of their service is, appropriately, is accountable to citizens. Therefore, one of the main concerns of city planners and managers is how to fairly distribute and allocate urban resources and services in different areas of cities in proportion to the needs of urban society. Optimal distribution services, is directly related to land-use planning. This article aims to examine the distribution of urban land use from the perspective of social justice in different. Materials and Methodology: areas Sabzevar been done The research method was analytical-comparative while using statistical techniques as well as practical models including standard rate and the closest proximity or neighborhood (RN) is used. Results: The results show that the proposed comprehensive plan Sabzevar compared with 1388 per capita and per capita are far common in the country. Sabzevar in comparison to the master plan, a shortage of 9.84 square meters in land services (commercial, education, higher education, cultural, religious, administrative, health, parks and green space, sports). The spatial distribution of urban services in 13urban wetland areas shows that unstable condition So that District 13 and 7 enjoyed the most disadvantaged areas and the District 11 area of public services and cultural user’s only random pattern and the military and police have a regular pattern is the same. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the present study, the authorities should try to create equal opportunities in terms of access and also using open space such as barren lands to meet the fees of each area and create a search living space to provide special services and facilities. With the population of the area and the radius of access. And the uses are evenly distributed among the districts in proportion to the population. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Checking the Unauthorized Use Arable Land and Gardens in Jurisprudence and Law
Mohammadali askari Ali mohammadianPopulation growth and development of the cities and the rising cost of land and irregular utilization of the land cause the good agricultural land Always consider by jobber and the change of use and shrinking the globe, remove them from the production cycle and cause se MorePopulation growth and development of the cities and the rising cost of land and irregular utilization of the land cause the good agricultural land Always consider by jobber and the change of use and shrinking the globe, remove them from the production cycle and cause severe damage to agricultural production. So the protection of agricultural lands, not only to support agricultural economics, but also to support the economy, it is imperative given the importance of agricultural lands, Parliament with proper understanding of the risks of changes in agricultural land use, in 1374 passed a law under the title: maintain agricultural lands and gardens, the law was later revised and amended. In this study, we try to critique and analysis of the law, answered to important questions what strategies and legal and effective legal in confronting unauthorized users by changing farm and orchard there. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Simulation of the Spatial Pattern of Land Use Change in the City of Gachsaran Using Cellular Automata Model
Mohsen Derakhsh Soheil Sobhan ArdakaniBackground and Objective: Simulation of land-use change is very useful for governmental plans and policies. A number of models including system models, Markov chains, the CLUES-S and the SLEUTH have been developed for the simulation of land-use change. Among them, cellu MoreBackground and Objective: Simulation of land-use change is very useful for governmental plans and policies. A number of models including system models, Markov chains, the CLUES-S and the SLEUTH have been developed for the simulation of land-use change. Among them, cellular automata (CA) modeling is widely applied to simulate complicated dynamic systems. In this regard, information on land use and also land cover and possibilities for their optimal use is essential for the selection, planning and implementation of land use schemes to meet the increasing demands for basic human needs and welfare.Therefore, this study was conducted to forecasting and modeling of urban development of city of Gachsaran using a CA Model for 2044. Method: In this descriptive study, the land use mapping, a predominantly cloud-free image of Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS, 1972), Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM, 1986), Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+, 1999), and Operational Land Imager (OLI, 2015) were used to the modeling of land-use changes of the study area between the periods 1972 to 2015, and also to the simulation of land-use changes of city of Gachsaran in 2044. Findings: Based on the results obtained, the increasing growth of urban use over time, particularly in the northern part of the city, and the decline in natural and ecological land use, especially agricultural land were observed. Also, the results clearly suggest that the development process of the city of Gachsaran during the recent years did not follow a proper pattern and, especially the unbalanced growth could be observed in the western part of the city. On the other hand, according to the forecasting of model output, in 2044 about 70% of the extent of the study area, will be dedicated to urban use. Discussion and Conclusion: In general, it can be admitted that the CA model has a high ability in simulating the urban development process and can effectively be used to study the urban dynamic, especially in rapidly growing cities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Classification and Assessment of the land use changes using Landsat satellite imagery (Case Study: Rey Plain)
pegah mohammadpour reza Arjmandi Amir Hesam Hasani Jamal GhoddousiBackground and Purpose :Land use change due to human activities is one of the important issues in regional and development planning. Lack of attention to land use changes in recent decades has created many environmental problems such as pollution of water resources, soi MoreBackground and Purpose :Land use change due to human activities is one of the important issues in regional and development planning. Lack of attention to land use changes in recent decades has created many environmental problems such as pollution of water resources, soil, etc. Therefore, the study and analysis of land use at different scales with the aim of sustainable development in the proper management of the environment and natural resources is essential. Remote sensing and GIS provide the necessary and sufficient facilities for extracting and updating land use maps and determining its amount. This study aims to investigate changes in land use conversion using remote sensing technology and satellite images for four periods It has been done for 3 years, from 2008 to 2020 in Rey plain. Material and Methodology: TM and OLI satellite images of Landsat 5 and 8 satellites were used to prepare land use maps for the studied years. Then the satellite images were monitored by classification method and were classified using the maximum neighborhood probability algorithm with an overall accuracy of 87.39 to 95.78% and a kappa coefficient of 85 to 93% in four user classes.. In the next step, land use maps were compared. Results: Based on the analysis, it was found that in the period under study, 26.07 square kilometers of Barren lands in this area has changed to agricultural, industrial and residential lands. As a result, the area of Barren lands has decreased and other uses have increased during the studied years. , So that the area of land with agricultural, industrial and residential use has increased by 14.66 square kilometers, 9.77 square kilometers, 1.64 square kilometers, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of the research show that the most important factor in land use change in the region is human activities that have caused many changes in land use. Analysis of the area of these uses showed that the level of agricultural land has increased significantly, mainly this increase. The result is the conversion of agricultural land use. Finally, the results of this study indicate that the combination of remote sensing techniques and GIS in the implementation of models for assessing spatial-temporal changes in land use, in order to know the type and percentage of land use and the extent of their changes, is very effective. The title of a management parameter can help planners of different executive departments in monitoring and managing the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Using Fuzzy classification technique to produce land use map (The sub watershed of Hablehrood)
Marzieh Alikhah-Asl Elham ForootanLand use, has been considered for mapping and resource management for a long time. Remote sensingtechniques are useful to produce land use map. In this study, Fuzzy technique; a remote sensingclassification method, was applied to produce land use map. The study area was MoreLand use, has been considered for mapping and resource management for a long time. Remote sensingtechniques are useful to produce land use map. In this study, Fuzzy technique; a remote sensingclassification method, was applied to produce land use map. The study area was the sub watershed ofHablehrood watershed. In this investigation, ETM+ images acquired in 2002 were applied. The resultsshowed that dry farmlands and range lands with good and moderate condition, were separated by highaccuracy. The highest error of Fuzzy method is the determination of the boundaries between irrigatedfarmlands and poor range lands. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Land use map production of Kaftareh catchment using remote sensing technique
Marzieh Alikhah-Asl Dariush Naseri Teimour Tanha GhezeliOne of the important factors for programming and management of natural resources, especially toachieve sustainable development purposes is acquiring enough information about current land use/landcover. Remote sensing techniques are the best methods to produce land use m MoreOne of the important factors for programming and management of natural resources, especially toachieve sustainable development purposes is acquiring enough information about current land use/landcover. Remote sensing techniques are the best methods to produce land use maps. In this research,supervised classification method with maximum likelihood algorithm was used to prepare the land usemap. The case study is Kaftareh catchment located in Ardabil province and in this investigation;Landsat 8 images acquired in 2014 were applied. The results showed that dry farming, irrigated lands,rangelands and bare lands are the major land uses respectively in the area. The classification accuracywas assessed by kappa index and overall accuracy that 93.20% and 96.24% were obtainedrespectively. According to our results, Landsat 8 images have high capability to produce the land usemaps. NDVI index was used to prepare the vegetation density map and the results showed that themajor parts of the rangelands are covered by weak vegetation density class in the studied area Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Comparing fuzzy and maximum likelihood methods to land cover mapping in Gandoman wetland using Landsat satellite data
Leila Samiee Marzieh Alikhah-Asl Mohammad Rezvani Preparation of land use and land cover maps in order to inform from land use and planning with optimal planning one of the basic measures to achieve sustainabll developement. This issue is more important in sensitive areas and particularly in wetland due to depe More Preparation of land use and land cover maps in order to inform from land use and planning with optimal planning one of the basic measures to achieve sustainabll developement. This issue is more important in sensitive areas and particularly in wetland due to dependence of hydrologic and biogeological performance of them to surface and groundwater flows and their status in the landscape. Nowdays, many algorithms have developed to compare maps of land use / cover maps. The aim of this study is comparison of two methods of maximum likelihood and fuzzy method for preparation of land use/cover maps in Gandoman international wetland and the land around it using Landsat images. For this study, Images (2014) were used related to landsat. Based on obtained results the study area was classified into farmland, bare land, rangeland and lagoon. Thereafter overall accuracy and kappa computed for each land use. Finally results showed that fuzzy method more accurately produced land were used than maximum probability method. The result can be staded maps of land use fuzzy algorithm with overall accuracy 86،70 and kappa coefficient 0.79 to maximum likelihood in overall accuracy 81.20 and kappa coefficient is 0.71, higher accuracy. Comparing fuzzy and maximum likelihood methods to land cover mapping in Gandoman wetland using Landsat satellite data Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Ecological capability assessment of Urban, Rural and Industrial, development in Shiraz Township and evaluation of current establishment of these areas using Geographic Information System (GIS)
Parviz Jokar Masoud MasoudiIt is obvious for all to take into consideration intellectual and systematic methods in management and optimum using of resources especially natural resources. Inappropriate residential and industrial development, causing damage to agricultural and natural resources are MoreIt is obvious for all to take into consideration intellectual and systematic methods in management and optimum using of resources especially natural resources. Inappropriate residential and industrial development, causing damage to agricultural and natural resources areas, and expand to the vulnerable zones, such as flood areas and unsuitable slopes causing destroying the ecological balance and sustainability in land. The essential of ecological capability evaluation of urban, rural and industrial development is meant objectivity to capability of land potential. The purpose of this study is evaluation of ecological potential of urban, rural and industrial development in Shiraz Township. In this regard, Township of Shiraz was assessed with overlaying information layers and concluded them by using GIS technology. In this research the eleven indicators in five general criteria of physiography, climate, geology, soil and vegetation cover were used. Also evaluation was done based on Boolean logic (And logic) and modifying of classification for indicators used in Makhdoum Model. Assessment results were presented in two classes of nearly suitable (2) and unsuitable (3). Also in this research percent of potential classes for assessing current establishment of industrial, rural and urban land uses were evaluated by overlaying industrial, rural and urban layers on ecological potential map. Results show that most of urban areas are located in suitable class of 2 and most of industrial and rural areas are located in unsuitable class of 3. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Design and organize a conservation- tourism in fringe gardens, (Case study: Sarab Qanbar Kermanshah)
Sajjad Shamshiri Hassan DarabiMost of Iranian cities are located beside productive lands which are proper for gardening andagricultural activities. Therefore, there exist many gardens and farmlands in marginal areas.Development of cities has decreased the rural quality of these lands. Obviously, und MoreMost of Iranian cities are located beside productive lands which are proper for gardening andagricultural activities. Therefore, there exist many gardens and farmlands in marginal areas.Development of cities has decreased the rural quality of these lands. Obviously, under thesecircumstances we must take a more sensitive responsibility for the value of marginal areas. On theother hand, with the increase in population of cities like Kermanshah and in the resident’s demand forgreen and open spaces for spending leisure times and making social interactions, the need fordeveloping new spaces proper for spending leisure times in marginal areas is strongly felt in the city.The role that gardens and farmlands have in respect of recreation and aesthetic might prevent the actsof construction in these areas. In this study, by applying landscape ecology for establishing newactivities and practices, we firstly evaluate the existing condition of gardens in Sarab-e-Ghanbar. Thenthe region is zonation visually. Identification of these zone is made to implement practical solutionsfor improving total condition of the region as well as to determine features, potentials and issuesrelated to each zone. Finally, with developing aims for design and organize, these studies are made inthe form of a strategic plan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - The Assignment GIS and Land- Use Planning Application in Assessment of Ecotourism Capability (A Case Study In Traditional Ghoori Ghale basin of Paveh Township)
Zeinab Khalili Jafar OladiDue to the importance of the forest park, it is necessary to evaluate the nature of tourism and identify potential areas for nature tourism in them. In this research, Saman Ghoori Ghale basin, located in the northwest of Paveh city with an area of 2498/46 was selected MoreDue to the importance of the forest park, it is necessary to evaluate the nature of tourism and identify potential areas for nature tourism in them. In this research, Saman Ghoori Ghale basin, located in the northwest of Paveh city with an area of 2498/46 was selected to evaluate the potential of nature tourism based on the principles of land management and GIS. After conducting basic studies and preparing thematic maps of the area (slope, direction, altitude, vegetation and soil), digitization, analysis and summarizing and superimposing the layers in GIS environment, finally an environmental map of the area was produced. The results showed that according to this model, almost all areas can be used for nature tourism. SWOT model was used to develop nature tourism in the region. Using field studies, a list of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the region was prepared within the dimensions of nature tourism development. The results showed that 27 strengths and opportunities can be identified as advantages and 31 weaknesses and threats as limitations and bottlenecks for the development of nature tourism in the study area. In order to determine the priorities of these factors, 335 questionnaire were distributed among tourists and officers. These results indicate that the threshold of vulnerability in the region in terms of nature development is very high and needs to be reviewed and appropriate policies to address the limitations and use of comparative advantages. Appropriate features were provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - A Review of Rural Land Use Planning Models
Azade Mehri Abdolrassoul SalmanmahinyNowadays, environmental crises caused by the irrational use and land conversion, have made ecological evaluation and land use planning ever more essential. Different methods are used in land evaluation and land use planning. In this paper, land use planning models have MoreNowadays, environmental crises caused by the irrational use and land conversion, have made ecological evaluation and land use planning ever more essential. Different methods are used in land evaluation and land use planning. In this paper, land use planning models have been reviewed and techniques with different objectives, applications, and land uses have been identified. Reviewing the existing land use planning models included the analysis and evaluation of their main characteristics. Land use planning models have been studied in five groups, including expert systems, multi-criteria evaluation, mathematical programming, mixed techniques, and spatial simulation models. Each of these groups has several sub-groups and the models studied in this paper may constitute Decision Support Systems (DSSs) that are usually integrated into a GIS. The aim of this paper is to analyze and offer a structured overview towards facilitating selection of a particular and appropriate method for any land use planning application Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Land cover mapping of Roudbar-e Qasran (Shemiranat County) using Remote Sensing
Fatemeh Karami-ghahi Marzieh Alikhah- Asl Mohammad Rezvani Fatemeh BokaeianOne of the most important issues of urban and regional development throughout the world is land use and planning for its sustainability. Nowadays, organization of land use and understanding of land cover situation is a great importance due to the increasing development MoreOne of the most important issues of urban and regional development throughout the world is land use and planning for its sustainability. Nowadays, organization of land use and understanding of land cover situation is a great importance due to the increasing development of cities and imbalance in the spatial distribution of users. Remote sensing techniques are the best application to extract the land use map. So in this study, for preparing the map of land use a Supervised Classification Technique and the Maximum Likelihood Classification Algorithm were used. The study area is located in the Roudbar-e Qasran region of Shemiranat county and in this research the Landsat-8 satellite images (June) of the OLI sensor in 2015 was used. The results showed that the barren lands, rangelands, man-made and farms comprise the largest area of use, respectively. To evaluate the accuracy of the classifications carried out, the total accuracy and Kappa coefficient were determined by 97.74% and 0.92%, respectively, representing the high resolution of Landsat images to map the land use. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Improving citizen's health and well-being through urban landscape design
Mohammad Bagheri Hamid Reza AzematiCurrent urbanization and settlement trends have adverse psycho-physical impact on the safety, health and well-being of the city dwellers. Crime, lack of community, lack of physical activity and dependence on motorized transportation serve as examples of urban ills. Sust MoreCurrent urbanization and settlement trends have adverse psycho-physical impact on the safety, health and well-being of the city dwellers. Crime, lack of community, lack of physical activity and dependence on motorized transportation serve as examples of urban ills. Sustainable design strategies in urban neighborhoods and open spaces can have significant contribution to human physical health and psychological well-being. The sustainable urban design agenda and design criteria such as green and quality open spaces, pedestrian areas, creating dense neighborhoods with mix land uses and infill development projects in derelict and lost spaces, decreasing dependence on motorized transport with public services such as community schools and developing local public transport are of the main strategies that can addressed the various health and well-being contributions of different urban habitats Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Improving citizen's health and well-being through urban landscape design
Mohammad Bagheri Hamid Reza AzematiCurrent urbanization and settlement trends haveadverse psycho-physical impact on the safety,health and well-being of the city dwellers. Crime,lack of community, lack of physical activity anddependence on motorized transportation serve asexamples of urban ills. Sustainab MoreCurrent urbanization and settlement trends haveadverse psycho-physical impact on the safety,health and well-being of the city dwellers. Crime,lack of community, lack of physical activity anddependence on motorized transportation serve asexamples of urban ills. Sustainable design strategiesin urban neighborhoods and open spaces can havesignificant contribution to human physical healthand psychological well-being. The sustainable urbandesign agenda and design criteria such as green andquality open spaces, pedestrian areas, creating denseneighborhoods with mix land uses and infilldevelopment projects in derelict and lost spaces,decreasing dependence on motorized transportwith public services such as community schoolsand developing local public transport are of themain strategies that can addressed the varioushealth and well-being contributions of differenturban habitats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Typology of Spatial Expansion New Sprawl Pattern (Case study: Urumia urban region)
Mohammadreza Bemanian Reza Oryaninejad Mehrdad Shahbazi -
Open Access Article
96 - Typology of spatial expansion new sprawl pattern (Case study: Urumia urban region)
Mohammadreza Bemanian Reza Oryaninejad Mehrdad Shahbazi -
Open Access Article
97 - Comparison of spatial resolution of LandSat and SPOT satellite images in measuring landscape fragmentation
Ehsan Rahimi Abdol-Rasoul Salman Mahini Seyed Hamed Mir Karimi Hamid Reza Kamyab Sattar SoltanianSince the foundation of landscape ecology, the correlation between spatial patterns and ecological processes has always been regarded as one of key topics in this discipline. In this context, landscape metrics provide valuable information for the interpretation of lands MoreSince the foundation of landscape ecology, the correlation between spatial patterns and ecological processes has always been regarded as one of key topics in this discipline. In this context, landscape metrics provide valuable information for the interpretation of landscape patterns. It is clear that the scale of input data and the scale of analysis must be coherent in order to calculate and interpret landscape metrics correctly. One main method that is often used to assess the scaling effects on landscape pattern is to manipulate the grain size or pixel size in satellite images. In this study, The SPOT and LandSat satellite images of 1986 and 2010 and simulations and maps of Markov-cellular automata models of 2020 were used. The effects of spatial resolution on 8 metrics were evaluated using the software FRAGSTATS in class and landscape levels. The results showed that the changes in grain size have significant effects on landscape metrics and their changes in the future so that the increased grain size will lead to the deacreased number of patches (NP), patch density (PD), LSI and CONAG. In general, metrics showed two types of irregular and increase behaviors according to the reduced grain size; in this study, the changes in grain size are more sensitive than the other metrics. So, the application of these metrics in landscape studies shoulde be considerably paid attention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Evaluation of desertification hazard severity in the Jaz-Murian region
Mojtaba Soleimani Sardo Ali Tavili Abbas Alipour Seyed Mostafa HashemiDesertification is a phenomenon occurred in arid and semi-arid because of climate changes, human effects and leads to decrease of ecosystem productions and its potential. In this research, the sensitivity of the Jaz-Murian watershed to desertification was evaluated usin MoreDesertification is a phenomenon occurred in arid and semi-arid because of climate changes, human effects and leads to decrease of ecosystem productions and its potential. In this research, the sensitivity of the Jaz-Murian watershed to desertification was evaluated using Environmental sensitive area scheme (ESAs) model. For this goal, the work unit map was extracted from Landsat (8 OLI) imagery (2015) by maximum likelihood classification algorithm. In each unit, the indices related to climate, soil, vegetation and land management criteria were weighted on the basis of ESAs methodology and expert advice and combined by calculating geometric mean of indices. The results showed that the ESAs value obtained from 1.46 to 1.72, it means that the study area is classified in the critical class of desertification, so that 3136 km2 and 12299 km2 of the area has been felt in C2 and C3 classes, respectively. Salty clay lands (ESAI=1.83), Playa (ESAI=1.78) and sandy lands (ESAI=1.72) had the most sensitivity to desertification that needs to consider as the priority of the management strategies in order to introduce de-desertification projects. Moreover, the climate and land management criteria were shown the more effects on desertification process and also must be focused by scientists who would like to improve the local methods of desertification monitoring and needs to be considered to introduce management plans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Detection of land use changes in Hoor Al Azim wetland using remote sensing and geographic information system techniques
Soroor Makrouni Gholam Reza Sabzghabaei Shahram Yousefi Khanghah Sattar SoltanianIn order to protect the reasonable and sagely of wetlands and also recognize the changes in their characteristics which can be caused by natural factors or human activities used remote sensing techniques and satellite image analysis. This study aimed to evaluate l MoreIn order to protect the reasonable and sagely of wetlands and also recognize the changes in their characteristics which can be caused by natural factors or human activities used remote sensing techniques and satellite image analysis. This study aimed to evaluate land use changes of Hoor Al Azim Wetland using LandSat ETM+ (2003) and OLI (2014) satellite images. After geometric and atmospheric correction, maximum likelihood and post-classification techniques were used to detect land use/cover changes. The overall classification accuracy and the Kappa coefficient for the produced maps to 2003 and 2014 were 0.91 and 0.89, respectively. Map classification of 2014 showed that the area of Hoor Al Azim wetlands has been decreased from 84300 to 45500 hectares. The results of change detection showed during the study residential, and rangeland area had increased, but agricultural and wetland had reduced. The findings of this study denoted that remote sensing data can provide appropriate information for specifying land use changes due to their repeatability, and broad vision. This approach will support adaptive management of wetlands such as Hoor Al Azim wetland. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Forecasting of forest land changes in the Chaloosrood watershed
Vajiheh Ghorbannia Kheybari Mir Mehrdad Mirsanjari Mohsen ArminDeforestation affects watershed processes and biochemical cycles and lead to soil erosion and lack of water in the catchment areas. This study is aimed to investigate the changes in forest land in the Chaloorood watershed on the west of Mazandaran province using Geomod. MoreDeforestation affects watershed processes and biochemical cycles and lead to soil erosion and lack of water in the catchment areas. This study is aimed to investigate the changes in forest land in the Chaloorood watershed on the west of Mazandaran province using Geomod. In this study, maps of forest in the years of 1987 and 2015 were prepared using satellite images. Then the suitability forest map was produced by making a regression equation between suitability criteria maps and forest changes map in the period of 1987-2015. Finally, by using forest map in 1987, forest suitability map and the number of modified pixels in forest land between 1987 and 2015, Forecast of the forest map for 2043 was done using Geomod. Also, by using the Validate function and classified forest map 2015, as a reference map, and the forecasting forest map 2015, as a comparative map, the validity of the production map was evaluated. The results showed that the area of forest land in 1987, 2015, and 2043 was 38683.65, 2464.354 and 15227.25 hectares, respectively. The extent of forest changes in the last 28 years and the next 28 years is 35.72% and 38.76% respectively. Forest changes in the period between 1987 and 2015 under the influence of factors such as distance from the road, forest cover density, distance from the village, slope and elevation above sea level, respectively. The Pseudo R2 and ROC coefficients are 0.29 and 0.85 respectively, which indicates the proper ability of the model to estimate forest changes over the past 28 years and the relative agreement of the model with the real changes. In this study the accuracy of resulting land use maps was 96%, which represent the appropriate capability of Geomod in land use changes modeling in Chaloosrood watershed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Change detection of Oak forests using object-based classification of multitemporal Landsat imageries (Case study: forests of the northern province of Ilam)
Hashem Rostam Zadeh Sadrolah Darabi Hejar ShahabiOak is the dominant forest species in the Zagros mountains, it is seen as a semi dense forest in western provinces. Multiple droughts, development of cities and villages, land use change from forest to farmland, are the main causes of forest destruction in Ilam. T MoreOak is the dominant forest species in the Zagros mountains, it is seen as a semi dense forest in western provinces. Multiple droughts, development of cities and villages, land use change from forest to farmland, are the main causes of forest destruction in Ilam. The purpose of this research is to determine the change detection of forest land to other land uses, using multi temporal TM sensor images (April 1986) and OLI (April 2015). In object-based classification, the data segmentation as initial phenomena, with appropriate scale and compression parameters for each image, was performed. Two classifying phenomena, nearest neighbor method and fuzzy functions were used. Land use classes were prepared by specifying training points and using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The Overall accuracy of the TM image was 88% and OLI image 94%, and the kappa coefficient for the TM and OLI image was calculated 84% and 91%, respectively. By post classification comparison method, the change matrix for each districts and changes forest to other uses was formed. The results showed that all districts faced with the phenomenon of deforestation and forest wide change (-42%) have been made. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Comparing the accuracy of time series classification of Landsat images in monitoring land use change
Ahmad Azimi Najarkolaei Ali Akbar Jamali Zeynolabedin HosseiniIn this research, artificial neural network, maximum likelihood and minimum distance classification methods for analysis of land use changes, during 1989 to 2015, were evaluated and compared images from three Landsat satellite sensors in Sari. After geometric and atmosp MoreIn this research, artificial neural network, maximum likelihood and minimum distance classification methods for analysis of land use changes, during 1989 to 2015, were evaluated and compared images from three Landsat satellite sensors in Sari. After geometric and atmospheric corrections, images of 1989, 2002, and 2015 were categorized under three artificial neural network algorithms, maximum likelihood and minimum distance in five land use classes. After assessing the accuracy of the methods, the Kappa coefficients were calculated for maximum likelihood, artificial neural network and minimum distance of 1989 were 92%, 87% and 65% in 2002, were 89%, 87% and 60%, and in 2015 were 91% %, 90% and 73%, respectively. These coefficients indicate the superiority of the maximum likelihood method in comparison with the other two methods in 1989. Also, the results of land use change over the whole period of the survey (from 1989 to 2015), showed that the areas of residential and irrigated lands were increased by 3615 and 575 hectares, but bare lands, gardens and forests were decreased to 1791, 1127 and 1272 hectares, respectively. According to the results, the two methods of maximum likelihood and neural network were more suitable for land use classification. The maximum likelihood method was better than the neural network method with a difference of 5% in 1989 and 2% in 2002 and 1% in 2015 in the Kappa coefficient. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Comparison of visual and digital interpretation methods of land use/cover mapping in Ardabil province
Azad Kakeh Mami Ardavan Ghorbani Farshad Kayvan Behjoo Amir Mirzaei MosivandLand use/cover mapping is one of the most common applications of remote sensing data. Remote sensing data by providing updated digital information, repetitive coverage, reduce costs and the possibility of processing and high potential for the preparation of land use/cov MoreLand use/cover mapping is one of the most common applications of remote sensing data. Remote sensing data by providing updated digital information, repetitive coverage, reduce costs and the possibility of processing and high potential for the preparation of land use/cover maps in natural resources, is of paramount importance. In this study, the land use and cover map prepared using Google Earth and the Operational Land Imager image sensor (OLI) of Landsat 8 satellite and methods of visual interpretation (GE images), supervised classification, neural networks and object-based classification methods (Landsat 8 images), and compared with each other. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the classification, the overall accuracy, Kappa coefficient, producer’s accuracy and user’s accuracy were used. The results showed that the visual interpretation method with overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient of 99.4 and 0.99, in comparison to the object-based, supervised and artificial neural networks (with an overall accuracy of 94, 82 and 60.8, and a Kappa coefficient of 0.92, 0.77 and 0.50) are more reliable. According to the map of visual interpretation, the rangelands with an area of 946687 ha and water bodies in the area of 217.42 ha were the largest and smallest land use/covers, respectively. In terms of accuracy, the visual interpretation method using Google Earth images had the highest accuracy, but it is time-consuming and cost-effective. In contrast, object-based method with acceptable accuracy and with low cost and time is the best method for land use/cover mapping. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Investigating the visual pollution of non-heterogeneous land uses in the tourist areas (Case study: Dohezar and Sehezar forests of Tonekabon)
Kobra Melhosseini Darani Samar Mortazavi Seyed Mohsen Hosseini Kamran Shayesteh Samereh FalahatkarDevelopment requires land, and the most obvious feature of the development, land use change, and hence pollution of the land's landscape. For an investigation into the effect of disturbance on the landscape, land use map, using Landsat satellite image of 2016, is produc MoreDevelopment requires land, and the most obvious feature of the development, land use change, and hence pollution of the land's landscape. For an investigation into the effect of disturbance on the landscape, land use map, using Landsat satellite image of 2016, is produced. Calculating the LPI, LSI, MPS and SHDI metrics, the two viewpoints are considered in the case study area. The height of the observer is applied to the DSM map of this region and a visible zone of these points is determined. Therefore, the visual disturbance criterion is examined. According to the man-made and natural uses, this criterion is quantified, considering the above-mentioned metrics. LSI value changes from one to infinity. At the first viewpoint, amounts of the LSI are 21.32, 19 and 2.35 for forest, pasture and mine respectively. Also, in the second one, 7.27, 26.91, 22.24, 1.66, 3.90 and 13.78 are obtained for residential land, forest, pasture, aquaculture, agriculture and rocks. Small LSI numbers of mine, aquaculture and agriculture, being about one, indicates the presence of a human in these areas. The results of MPS and SHDI metrics show that the natural land use of pasture and forest are cut by the man-made of mine. From the second viewpoint, forest, pasture and rocks, having large and close MPS numbers, give a natural face to the landscape. The presence of agriculture, residential and aquaculture with small MPS values, being different from the natural land use, causes a lack of naturalness and disturbance in this part of the region. This study could develop the new and basic method for the understanding of landscape changes in the planning and management fields. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Comparison of object-oriented and pixel-based classification methods for land use mapping (Case study: Isfahan-Borkhar, Najafabad and Chadegan plains)
Sedigheh Ghafari Hamid Reza Moradi Reza ModarresChange detection algorithms of remote sensing image can be divided into two categories: pixel-based and object-oriented, according to the minimum processing unit. This paper deals with the comparison between application of pixel-based and object-oriented approaches in l MoreChange detection algorithms of remote sensing image can be divided into two categories: pixel-based and object-oriented, according to the minimum processing unit. This paper deals with the comparison between application of pixel-based and object-oriented approaches in land use classification in Isfahan-Borkhar, Najafabad and Chadegan plains and evaluation of land use changes with Landsat TM (1985) and OLI (2015) data during the study period. The object-oriented approach involved the segmentation of image data into objects with multi-resolution segmentation algorithm by eCognition software. Then objects were assigned and classified with the nearest neighbour algorithm in object-oriented classification The supervised pixel-based classification involved the selection of training areas and a classification using a maximum likelihood algorithm. Accuracy assessments of both classifications were undertaken. The results show better overall accuracy (higher 90%) of the object-oriented classification over the pixel-based classification. The land use maps indicate that residential area is increased 2.09, 9.66 and 3.74% and rangeland area is decreased 7.48, 10.94 and 17.73% in Isfahan-Borkhar, Najafabad and Chadegan plains in the study period, respectively. In Chadegan plain the increase in agriculture and fallow land use has been equal to 8.31 and 5.64%, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Monitoring and prediction land use/ land cover changes and its relation to drought (Case study: sub-basin Parsel B2, Zayandeh Rood watershed)
Shahin Mohammadi Khalil Habashi Saeed PormanafiLand use and land cover (LULC) change because of its impact on natural ecosystems has become a concern for natural resources protectors and managers. The present study aimed to predict LULC changes and also to study the relation of drought with these changes in the sub- MoreLand use and land cover (LULC) change because of its impact on natural ecosystems has become a concern for natural resources protectors and managers. The present study aimed to predict LULC changes and also to study the relation of drought with these changes in the sub-basin Parsel B2 with an area of 21100 hectares using CA-Markov model and Standard Precipitation Index (SPI). For this purpose, using the preprocessed images of the sensors TM, ETM+, and OLI for the years 1986, 2001 and 2016, respectively, the LULC map was provided with supervised classification and maximum likelihood method. To validate the CA-Markov model, the LULC maps have been predicting for 2016 and they were compared to the reference land use map of 2016. After ensuring the accuracy of the predicted results for the year 2016, the related land use and land cover maps were predicted for the year 2030. The result showed a relation between LULC changes and drought condition. Based on result predicted for the year 2030, rain-fed agriculture 6.95% increase and range land 6.66% decrease in area. Thus In the event of drought and abandonment rain-fed agriculture land, soil erosion, increasing and also grazing pressure on the remaining range land causing range land degradation. Therefore, if the current land use strategy with current management remain, land degradation in the region will be inevitable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Predicting locational trend of land use changes using CA-Markov model (Case study: Safarod Ramsar watershed)
Nahid Salehi Mohammad Reza Ekhtesasi Ali TalebiPredicting land use changes using satellite imagery is now a useful tool for helping planners in complex situations. The purpose of this study was to detect and predict land use changes during the 28-year period (1986-2014) by CA- Markov model in the Safarood-Ramsar wat MorePredicting land use changes using satellite imagery is now a useful tool for helping planners in complex situations. The purpose of this study was to detect and predict land use changes during the 28-year period (1986-2014) by CA- Markov model in the Safarood-Ramsar watershed of Mazandaran province. In this research, land use and NDVI maps were prepared using Landsat TM (1986), ETM+ (2000) and OLI (2014) satellite images. The accuracy of the CA-Markov model was estimated using the Kappa index of 87%. In order to calibrate the CA-Markov model, the land use map was prepared in 2014, and the Kappa coefficient of the mapping from modeling and user base map (2014) was 82%. The results showed that during the period between 1986 and 2014, the area of forest lands decreased by 10.26% and the total area of residential areas increased by 3.27%. The land use map for the years 2021 and 2028 was predicted by the CA-Markov model. The results showed that during the period 2014-2028, forested lands and rangelands decreased by 4.92% and 1.7%, respectively. Residential areas will increase by 8.04% and the agricultural land will change slightly, indicating the changes in land use to residential land. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Investigation of land use changes and its relationship with groundwater level (Case study: Ardabil plain)
Sayyad Asghari Saraskanroud Ehsan Ghale Elhameh EbadyBackground and Objective Groundwater is the most important source of fresh water in the world. Drinking water for two billion people is supplied directly from groundwater and is used to irrigate the world's largest food supply. Improper harvesting of groundwater re MoreBackground and Objective Groundwater is the most important source of fresh water in the world. Drinking water for two billion people is supplied directly from groundwater and is used to irrigate the world's largest food supply. Improper harvesting of groundwater reservoirs has led to the fact that the amount of feeder feed is not responsive to harvesting and the groundwater level has dropped. The drop in groundwater levels has led to problems such as drying up water wells, declining river and lake discharge, lowering water quality, increasing pumping costs and water extraction and land subsidence. Awareness of water level changes is necessary to understand the status of groundwater aquifers and their optimal management. By assessing groundwater level fluctuations, it can be used to manage water resources. One of the major applications of remote sensing is the detection and determination of land use changes. Using remote sensing, it is possible to study and identify various phenomena. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different land use on groundwater using interpolation geostatistical methods as well as object-oriented classification methods for land use mapping. Materials and Methods Ardabil plain is a mountainous plain located in northwestern Iran and east of the Azerbaijani plateau. The plain covers an area of 990 km2 among the highlands around it and in terms of political divisions includes parts of the cities of Ardabil and Namin. The data used in this study included a Landsat 8 satellite image of the OLI surveyor for the 2015 land use map, as well as a Landsat TM 5 surveyor for the 1987 land use plan. Also, in this study, the groundwater depth data of 43 piezometer wells in Ardabil plain were used. In this research, after preparing the statistics of piezometric wells, the data reconstruction method was used to eliminate the deficiencies in the study data. Reconstruction, which was used only to correct deficiencies in the data, is an interpolation method performed by the Neural Power software (based on the artificial neural network). To normalize the data, logarithmic transformations were used in SPSS and GS+ software was used for geostatistical analysis. ENVI software was used for atmospheric and radiometric corrections and ArcGIS software was used to extract the layer map. Results and Discussion The largest area in 1987 belongs to the irrigated agricultural class with an area of 51840 hectares. The second area belongs to the rainfed agricultural class, which has the largest area with 48,790 hectares. The smallest area also belongs to the use of water with 88.65 hectares. Looking at the uses of 1394, the results showed significant differences in such a way that the use of irrigated agriculture with 10.17 hectares has increased significantly compared to 1987. After extracting the land use change map to select the best intrusion model from among the various models, all models were evaluated and only the models that were more accurate than the other models were selected. The highest average water level was recorded in 1987 for agricultural agriculture and the lowest average water level was recorded for the forest area. Considering the land use map and the groundwater level map of 1394, the above analysis is confirmed and as it is known, the highest average water level this year belongs to the use of irrigated agriculture with 20.17 meters and the lowest average recorded water level is related to the use of the forest is 11.45 meters. Compared to 1987, water use has had a decrease in water level, which has reduced the water level of dams and also reduced the volume of water in rivers and even dried up several of these rivers. After water use, one of the most interesting uses that need to be analyzed and the reason for its search is the use of irrigated agriculture. This land use has the highest water level drop in 1987 and in 2015 it has faced the highest water level drop. The reason can be attributed to the over-harvesting of groundwater for irrigated crops that need more irrigation. Due to the fact that the Rain-fed crops in the study area are mostly wheat and do not need water or needless, but the amount of groundwater level in 2015 compared to 1987 has been accompanied by a significant decline. The use of pastures in 2015 compared to 1987 has dropped significantly, which indicates the critical situation of groundwater and excessive use of these resources. Conclusion In this study, in the first step, in order to classify and then examine the changes that occurred in a certain period of time in the study area. In order to classify the relevant images, An object-oriented classification method was used in eCognition software and the relevant outputs were extracted in ArcGIS software. Evaluation of classification accuracy for 2015 has a very high accuracy so that the overall accuracy and coefficient of the extracted Kapa at the highest possible level, the overall accuracy of 100% and the coefficient of Kapa 0.99 and for the year 1987 was extracted with less accuracy and general accuracy for In 1987, 98% and the Kappa coefficient was 0.95. After extracting the land use change map to select the best intrusion model from among the various models, all models were evaluated. Due to ME and RMSE values, the curing method has higher accuracy than other methods. Among the various modes of the curing method, the Gaussian model has the highest accuracy. According to the results, the most changed use in this area has been the use of pastures in irrigated agriculture and Rain-fed agriculture. This change shows that the increase in the use of irrigated agriculture and Rain-fed agriculture in this area has been accompanied by a decrease in the use of rangelands, which indicates the destruction of pastures. According to the groundwater level map, the highest average water level was recorded in 1987 for irrigated agricultural use and the lowest average water level was recorded for the forest area. Also, the highest average water level in 2015 belongs to the use of irrigated agriculture with 20.17 meters and the lowest average recorded water level is related to forest use with 11.45 meters. One of the interesting uses that need to be analyzed and the reason for its search is the use of irrigated agriculture. This land use has the highest water level drop in 1987 and in 2015 it has faced the highest water level drop. The reason can be attributed to the over-harvesting of groundwater for irrigated crops that need more irrigation. In general, all uses in 2015 compared to 1366 have faced a decrease in water balance. As a result of these changes, farmers have made more use of groundwater resources, which has led to a drop in groundwater levels over a 28 years period in the study area. This overuse is enough to reduce the average level of the plain by 4.9 meters during the mentioned period. http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.26767082.1400.12.1.5.6 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Comparison of analytic network process (ANP) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method in land use planning based on multi objective land allocation (MOLA) method
Hadi Rahimi Abdolrasoul Salman Mahini Hamid Reza KamyabManagement and planning, distributing the economic and social activities as well as clearing hidden capacities in terms of the land’s potential and needs are the main goals of Land use planning. MOLA was used in order to zoning and planning Gorgan and Aliabad citi MoreManagement and planning, distributing the economic and social activities as well as clearing hidden capacities in terms of the land’s potential and needs are the main goals of Land use planning. MOLA was used in order to zoning and planning Gorgan and Aliabad cities in eight major Land-uses. The method of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and analytic network process (ANP) and the experts’ experiences were used for weighting the three main factors including ecological, economic and social factors. Compare zoning based on two ways AHP and ANP weighting also was evaluated. The results showed that the integration of applications based on AHP and ANP different weighting methods. According to the results of the integration of applications based on ANP method compared to the AHP with respect to slope, height, density of vegetation, rainfall and erosion ability in general is more appropriate. The results showed that according to total Kappa values (0.9151), spatial Kappa (0.9524), standard Kappa (0.9323), and chance agreement (0.1111), MOLA based zoning based on AHP and ANP weights had a similarity A lot. But the difference in the use of the AHP and ANP was 88663 pixels (7979 ha). For this purpose, statistical data on slope, height, vegetation density, precipitation and erodibility were extracted based on the weight of the two methods of AHP and ANP. According to the results, the placement of land use based on the ANP method in comparison with AHP is more appropriate in general. This means that the method has better performance in the ANP have been weighted to land-uses. The results of this study, the relationship and the importance of all aspects of ecological, economic and social planning and land use planning notes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Change detection of land use /land cover using object oriented classification of satellite images (Case study: Ghare Sou basin, Ardabil province)
Behrooz Khodabandehlou Hassan Khavarian Nehzak Ardavan GhorbaniThe accuracy of land use changes map obtained from remote sensing data depends on the accuracy of each of the land use maps during the time period studied. In this study, TM and OLI images in 1989 and 2018 and an object-oriented classification method were used to invest MoreThe accuracy of land use changes map obtained from remote sensing data depends on the accuracy of each of the land use maps during the time period studied. In this study, TM and OLI images in 1989 and 2018 and an object-oriented classification method were used to investigate the land use/ land cover change trends with an emphasis on agricultural land use in the Ghare Sou basin. After the pre-processing, the object-oriented processing using the multiresolution segmentation method was applied. In addition to the spectral bands, some additional information such as a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), band means, the standard deviation of bands and geometry characteristics were used to extract land use in order to obtain more accurate results. Of these non-spectral data used, 15 characteristics were selected by Feature space optimization (FSO) method to be used in the nearest neighborhood algorithm. The kappa coefficient of the land use maps for 1989 and 2018 was 85% and 96%, respectively, indicating the reliability of the object-oriented classification results. In the next step, the map of the changes was produced comparing the classified maps. According to the results of the change detection, the agricultural land use during the studied period has an increase of 73849 hectares, mainly due to the destruction of rangelands and its conversion to the agricultural land. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - The effect of Meighan wetland environmental changes on land surface temperature of surrounding areas by using Landsat satellite data
Saeed Mahmoodi Behrouz Sari Saraf Majed Rezaei Banafsheh Hashem RostamzadeWetlands are one of the most important aquatic zones that affect the climate of the surrounding areas and are also one of the most fragile natural phenomena. Therefore, it is very important to detect changes in the environment around the wetlands. The purpose of this st MoreWetlands are one of the most important aquatic zones that affect the climate of the surrounding areas and are also one of the most fragile natural phenomena. Therefore, it is very important to detect changes in the environment around the wetlands. The purpose of this study, the land use change detection, the normalized vegetation index, land surface temperature patterns in the surrounding of the Meighan wetland, were analyzed using Landsat TM multi-time sensor data for 30 May 2002, and 5 June 2010. Supervised classification algorithms with maximum likelihood were used to extract land use changes. The results of classification accuracy, using the Kappa coefficient for 2002 and 2010 were 99.13% and 98.93% with 98 and 97 kappa coefficients, respectively. The results of land use changes showed that the barren lands increased by 100 km2 and, in contrast, vegetation areas were reduced by 84 km2. The average of the normalized vegetation index was not significantly changed and the maximum and minimum values in 2002 were 0 and -0.52, and in 2010, -0.05 and -0.58, respectively. The warmer temperature classes in the regional temperature pattern in 2010 were more extensive than in 2002. The minimum, average and maximum temperature in 10 km of surrounding of Meighan wetland in 2002 were 16.72, 27.35 and 36.4°C with a standard deviation of 3.2, and in 2010, 15.5, 29.8 and 37°C with a standard deviation of 3.5. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Determination of quantity and allocation disagreement indices in selection of appropriate algorithm for land use classification in pixel and objected base in Gorgarood river basin
Mahboobeh Hajibigloo Vahed Berdi Sheikh Hadi Memarian Chooghi Bairam KomakiLand cover and land use are an important variable in natural land processes. Land use change in environmental protection programs and natural resource management plays an important role in the intensification of natural crises such as floods. The Gorganrood River basin MoreLand cover and land use are an important variable in natural land processes. Land use change in environmental protection programs and natural resource management plays an important role in the intensification of natural crises such as floods. The Gorganrood River basin in the Golestan province has historically experienced land use conversion. In this research was selected for land use classification using Landsat 8 OLI satellite images of the 25 June 2017. The goal of this study is to assess the accuracy of two approaches, pixel-based supervised classification and the object-oriented one base on quantity and allocation disagreement indexes. The accuracy assessment results indicated verified that for land use mapping the SVM algorithm using a 50 pixel segmentation in the object-based classification having a quantity disagreement of 2.03, an allocation disagreement of 4.58, and an overall accuracy of 92.65% and a kappa coefficient of 0.91 was more accurate than other algorithms in the object-based classification and other algorithms in the pixel-based classification. Based on this algorithm, the lowest of omission and commission error showed in forest lands and residential and industrial areas of 0.58% and 1.59% respectively. The highest of producer and user accuracy showed in forest lands and the water body of 99.44% and 99.41% respectively. The largest area of land use in the Gorganrood River basin is related to the Barren/Rangeland/Cropland class of 314110 ha. Finally, the SVM-SL50 algorithm in the object-based classification is suggested as an optimal classifier with a high accuracy for classification of land use classification maps in order to manage natural resources in Golestan province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Studying changes in heat islands and land uses of the Minab city using the random forest classification approach and spatial autocorrelation analysis
Mohamad Kazemi Ali Reza Nafarzadegan Fariborz MohammadiThe purpose of this study was to assess the impact of the land use changes in the Minab city on the variations in the urban heat islands (UHI), using the random forest classification method and spatial statistics on TM and OLI Landsat images in 1988, 1998, 2008 and 2018 MoreThe purpose of this study was to assess the impact of the land use changes in the Minab city on the variations in the urban heat islands (UHI), using the random forest classification method and spatial statistics on TM and OLI Landsat images in 1988, 1998, 2008 and 2018. First, land surface temperature (LST) was calculated using the split-window and the single-channel algorithms. Land use map was generated using supervised classification random forest method and its performance was assessed by two criteria of overall accuracy and kappa coefficient. In order to survey spatial autocorrelation and clustering, pattern of hot spots, the two statistics of Anselin Local Moran's I and Getis-Ord GI were applied. In 1988, land uses of vegetated, barren, and urban built-up lands were occupied 30.1, 32.53 and 37.37 percent of the city area, respectively; in 2018, the areas of these land uses were 16.36, 9.56 and 74.08 percents, respectively. A threefold and twice-fold decrease in the area was observed for barren and vegetated lands, respectively; while the area of urban built-up lands had more than doubled. The calculated values for urban-heat-island ratio index (URI) in 1988, 1998, 2008, and 2018 were 0.45, 0.34, 0.11, and 0.22, respectively. The outcomes of two considered spatial statistics indicated the clustering, pattern for UHI of the Minab city. In addition, there was a good agreement between the results of Getis-Ord GI statistic (hotspots spatial analysis) and the Local Moran's I statistic (spatial autocorrelation) on the spatial pattern of heat and cool clusters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Study of the relationship between land use and vegetation changes with the land surface temperature in Namin County
Azad Kakehmami Ardavan Ghorbani Sayyad Asghari Sarasekanrood Ehsan Ghale Sahar GhafariBackground and ObjectiveRapid development of cities due to extensive changes in land use and land cover has had negative effects on global environmental quality. Land cover and land use changes, and the development of urban and agricultural regions and deforestati MoreBackground and ObjectiveRapid development of cities due to extensive changes in land use and land cover has had negative effects on global environmental quality. Land cover and land use changes, and the development of urban and agricultural regions and deforestation are changing the regional and local temperature regime. Knowing the land surface temperature degrees contribute significantly to a wide range of issues relating to the Earth science such as urban climate, global environmental changes, and the study of the interaction of human and the environment. The lack of sufficient meteorological stations to be aware of temperature values in regions lacking a station is considered as a major flaw in monitoring the land surface temperature. Due to the information limitations, collecting data especially to a large extent, is associated with many problems and obstacles, and the real-time access is difficult or impossible. Therefore, the need to use remote sensing technology with time conditions along with the feature of continuity and data collection in wide ranges can be very effective. The purpose of this study is to investigate the land surface temperature of Namin county in a period of 28 years and to compare the obtained results with land use and vegetation changes. Materials and MethodsThe data used in this study included Landsat 8 satellite image of the OLI sensor in order to extract land use map and TIRS sensor image to extract land surface temperature for the year 2015. Moreover, Landsat 5 satellite image of the TM sensor were used to extract land use map by using visible and infrared bands, and also to extract land surface temperature by using thermal bands for the year 1987. Images were taken in late spring and early summer due to the lack of high cloudy and snowy covers , as well as the high intensity of sunlight. The eCognition8.9 software was used for object-based classification. Classification in five classes (dry and irrigated farming, rangeland, forest and residential) and six classes (dry and irrigated farming, rangeland, forest, residential and water bodies) were selected for the years 1987 and 2015 respectively. To assess the accuracy and comparison of the obtained maps, the error matrix, overall accuracy, and kappa statistics were used. Split-Window method was used to extract the land surface temperature of the study area. Finally, in order to analyze the relationship between land surface temperature with vegetation index, the correlation coefficients between land surface temperature and vegetation index were calculated based on land use types in the years 1987 and 2015. Results and Discussion The highest land use area in the years 1987 and 2015 belongs to the rangeland use with 43781 and 34114 hectares respectively and the second land use area belongs to dry farming use with 23854 and 33277 hectares respectively. Moreover due to the lack of water use , the lowest land use area in 1987 belongs to residential use with 1301 hectares, while in 2015 with the construction of water structures, water use with an area of 86 hectares has the lowest land use area. The highest land use area increase was in the dry farming with 9423 hectares, which is a significant increase compared to 1987. The highest recorded temperature for Namin county in 1987 and 2015 was related to dry farming use (34°C and 27°C, respectively), indicating the concentration of heat in these regions. This type of land use has the highest temperature due to the factors such as the dryness of the products at this time and the harvest of the products. In 1987, dry farming use had the highest temperature (34°C), but in 2015 it experienced a decrease in temperature (27°C), despite the fact that it had the highest land surface temperature compared to other types of land uses in 2015. The reason can be attributed to the factor of harvesting crops. Due to the fact that the rainfed crops in the study area are mostly wheat, and at this time of the season, most of the wheat is ripe or harvested, so the transpiration of these products is insignificant. The lowest recorded temperatures in Namin county are related to the uses of water bodies (21°C), forest (21°C) and irrigated farming (22°C), respectively. Since water has a high heat capacity, it has the greatest effect on reducing the temperature. In forest and irrigated farming land uses, due to the higher vegetation density, the land surface temperature has the lowest value (23°C and 24°C in 1987 and 21°C and 22°C in 2015 respectively) compared to the other land use types. Agricultural land use in this area has the lowest land surface temperature (24°C in 1987 and 21°C in 2015) after forest areas. Due to the fact that the crops cultivated in this area are plants such as potatoes and these plants have more water needs, therefore these plants have a high greenness value at June to early July, which has led to more transpiration in the area where they are cultivated than other areas, thus it has been very effective in keeping the land surface temperature cool. The rangeland use has had high land surface temperatures (27°C and 25°C, respectively) in the two study years, and there is little difference between the two years. According to the study season which was late June to early July, the high temperature of this land use type is due to the increase in the areas lacking canopy cover or areas having low or scattered vegetation. Due to the fact that in August, most of the leaves and brunches of the existing plants are dry and the transpiration is low, high temperatures are also recorded. The relationship between land surface temperature and vegetation index in rangeland use in the two study years had the highest correlation (0.91 in 1987 and 0.83 in 2015), while the correlation coefficient of the forest use was the lowest (0.46 in 1987 and 0.23 in 2015). Conclusion Land use type and land use and vegetation changes have a significant effect on land surface temperature changes. However, areas without vegetation have a higher land surface temperature than the areas with vegetation. The results showed that there was no significant correlation between vegetation cover and land surface temperature, which is mainly due to sufficient vegetation. In general, the results showed that in most areas with lower temperatures, there is high density vegetation indicating an inverse relationship between vegetation index and land surface temperature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Analysis and comparison of land use/land cover changes using artificial neural network (Case study: lands of Taft and Mehriz)
Alireza Sepehri Ali Akbar Jamali Mohamad HasanzadehThe areas of natural resources and vegetation in the Taft and Mehriz townships in recent decades have undergone changes due to its close proximity to the capital of Yazd province. The purpose of this study is to assess the extent and direction and prediction of land and MoreThe areas of natural resources and vegetation in the Taft and Mehriz townships in recent decades have undergone changes due to its close proximity to the capital of Yazd province. The purpose of this study is to assess the extent and direction and prediction of land and vegetation changes in these two cities. In this study, Landsat 5 (1998, 2004 and 2008) and Landsat 8 (2017) satellite images in the period from May to June was used. Modeling land use/land cover changes were carried out based on supervised classification. The process of changes was analyzed using land change modeling and perceptron neural network method. The results showed that 3% (558.8 ha) of land and vegetation cover of Taft to Bayer and 1.3% (209.9 ha) were added to the urban lands and reduced from the lands of gardens by 4.3% (559.2 ha), this is the highest rating. The amount of 2.8% (678.8 ha) of land and vegetation in Mehriz Bayer and 1.7% (184 ha) has been changed to urban residential land. In terms of urban expansion, Mehriz has had the highest amount of reducing vegetation. The results show that land use and land cover changes in Taft city where more than Mehriz city so that most of these changes were related to gardens, but in terms of area of land use and land use conversion in Mehriz city has the highest value More intense. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Monitoring and predicting land use changes using landsat satellite images by Cellular Automata and Markov model (Case study: Abbasabad area, Mazandaran province)
Amer Nikpour Hamid Amounia Elahe NourpasandiBackground and ObjectiveToday, land use change in many countries has become an important challenge that has many effects on the environment. Accordingly, the study of land use change at different scales is one of the important issues in the proper management of natural MoreBackground and ObjectiveToday, land use change in many countries has become an important challenge that has many effects on the environment. Accordingly, the study of land use change at different scales is one of the important issues in the proper management of natural resources and environmental change at various levels. Therefore, being aware of land use changes and investigating their causes and factors in several time periods, and predicting land use changes in the future can be properly planned to reduce adverse effects, which has been considered by planners and city managers. They help in land use planning. Also, converting land uses to each other and changing the use of vegetation is known as an important issue. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to monitor and predict land use changes and land cover in Abbasabad urban area in the future; Using these changes, appropriate management measures can be taken to preserve and rehabilitate lands. Materials and Methods A combination of an automated cell model and Markov chain in the Abbasabad urban area was used to predict land use change; The relevant images were taken from the TM and OLI sensors of the Landsat 8 and 5 satellites at the USGS site. Four user classes, including zone class built with code number 1, vegetation class with code number 2, water resources class with code number 3, and barren land class with code number 4, were separated for Abbasabad urban area. Obtained USGS. In order to extract land use classes, after checking several methods, object-oriented classification method and support vector machine (SVM) algorithm were used due to better efficiency. Evaluation of Babian satellite imagery classification The overall accuracy and kappa coefficient were performed for three periods of time. Each of these classified maps was evaluated by drawing an error matrix. 250 sample points were used to prepare this matrix. The type of sampling was stratified sampling. Also, to determine land use changes in 2030, classified maps were used and with the help of TerrSet software, changes made in classes and their percentages were obtained, and using the CA-MARKOV model, changes of different classes based on matrices. The possibility of transfer was predicted. Results and Discussion The results during 1997, 2006, and 2017 show that the constructed area has an increasing trend and the uses of vegetation, barren lands, and water resources have a decreasing trend and 23279 hectares of lands in the region are built area dedicated. The kappa coefficient calculated for 1997, 2006, and 2017 is 0.86, 0.89, and 0.89, respectively. Markov chain forecasting model with 85% accuracy stated that the trend of land use change for 2030 will be the same as in previous years, and this indicates that the conversion and change of land uses will proceed as before, and it is necessary to mention this point that the identical uses of vegetation to vegetation cover the largest area during the years 2006 to 2017, and this shows that in this area, vegetation is still stable and has undergone less changes. Conclusion The output of the 13-year forecast map for 2030 in this study indicates the appropriate accuracy of the CA-MARKOV model. In addition, this output shows that this method can be trusted for short-term planning. These forecast maps can be a good guide for managers and urban planners. To achieve better results, it is recommended to use a combination of automated cell model and Markov chain to monitor and predict changes nationwide. The results of this study, in addition to helping to reduce the volume of input data, but also in the processing of classified images and in predicting them for the future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Evaluating the implications of urban growth on carbon fixation ecosystem services (Case study: Karaj Subcatchments)
Sareh Alsadat Sajjadi Ghaemmaghami Romina Sayahnia Naghmeh Mobarghei Dinan Majid Makhdoum FarkhondehBackground and Objective In recent decades, natural ecosystems have undergone fundamental changes due to increasing population growth and increasing demand in order to provide the necessary facilities for human welfare. Since these changes are generally associated with MoreBackground and Objective In recent decades, natural ecosystems have undergone fundamental changes due to increasing population growth and increasing demand in order to provide the necessary facilities for human welfare. Since these changes are generally associated with environmental degradation, one should always be concerned about the damage to the ecosystem that supports human life. Therefore, the maintenance and protection of ecosystems are critical to achieving balance, equilibrium and coordination between human society and the ecosystem and their functional services. Ecosystem services have the potential to be considered as a key tool for policy-making and decision-making at the global, national, regional and local levels. Using ecosystem services, several applications including sustainable management of natural resources, land use optimization, environmental protection, nature conservation and restoration, landscaping, basic nature solutions, water conservation and weather, disaster risk reduction, environmental education and environmental research can be pursued. However, the relationship between ecosystem processes and functions and human well-being is complex and a multifaceted and preventive approach must be taken to evaluate these relationships and value the benefits. The purpose of this study was to investigate the trend of changes in ecosystem services in urban growth and development, evaluation of ecosystem services and the consequences of urban growth on carbon storage ecosystem service in the study area of Karaj catchment area in the period (before and after the development of irrationality). Materials and Methods Ecosystem services mapping is an effective tool to improve land planning and land use. Valuation of these services can be an effective factor and a promising way to explain the relationship between services, society and the economy and can play an effective role in the cost-benefit system of policies to rehabilitate and manage the environment. In this study, carbon storage service was investigated in three catchments of Alborz, Karaj, Hashtgerd and Eshtehard provinces. Since the study area covers almost two-thirds of the province, so in the study of the characteristics of the study area, the same characteristics of the Alborz province have been mentioned. In line with this research, In the first step, land use maps of the study area using trust software and GIS and Landsat satellite imagery (Landsat 5TM sensor images 1988, Landsat 8 satellite ETM+ sensor 2018), and the Supervised classification have been applied for the two periods of 1988 and 2018 in four classes of vegetation, man-made space, the aquatic environment and non-man-made space. After preparing the land use map, the accuracy of the maps was checked using Google Earth software and field visits. Then, using the land use map, the carbon storage ecosystem service map was extracted using Invest software and finally evaluated using soil carbon, ground carbon, basement and dead tissue information. Results and Discussion The results showed that the most changes in land use maps belong to non-constructed space and man-made space, which shows a decrease of 16% and an increase of 11%, respectively. Regarding carbon storage service, according to the plans obtained in two years, in the central part of the region, which has witnessed the growth of agricultural lands, the amount of carbon storage has also increased. The maximum carbon reserve, with a share of 78377470 tons per hectare in 1988 and 72618450 tons per hectare in 2018, belongs to the Tehran-Karaj basin, and the lowest with a share of 36078497 tons per hectare in 1988 and 34606913 tons per hectare per year. 2018, belongs to Eshtehard. In total, the value has increased from about 14163 billion rials per ton per hectare since 1988 to about 13163 billion rials in 2018, which has gone in a negative direction. Although the amount of carbon storage varied and changed in different places, the maximum amount of carbon storage remained unchanged during this period; because there is still unbuilt space. Conclusion In general, it can be stated that the use of ecosystem services valuation does not necessarily mean a reduction in the value of services in the development process, but it means that using this approach can be used to improve development planning to maintain and used to improve the quality of the ecosystem. In fact, it can be said that this approach can be used as an interface to link the anthropological and ecological sections under a single programmatic and managerial framework. and in order to; used instead of "to", especially after try, come, go More (Definitions, Synonyms, Translation).http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.26767082.1400.12.1.2.3 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Monitoring land use changes and its relationship with land surface temperature and vegetation index in the southern areas of Ardabil province (Case study: Kiwi Chay catchment)
Shirin Mahdavian Batool Zeinali Bromand SalahiBackground and Objective Irregular and unplanned urban expansion is known as urban sprawl and is characterized by low-density, transport-driven development, spreading out over large swathes of land towards the fringes of established urban centers. It is generally held t MoreBackground and Objective Irregular and unplanned urban expansion is known as urban sprawl and is characterized by low-density, transport-driven development, spreading out over large swathes of land towards the fringes of established urban centers. It is generally held that morphological modification of the urban landscape results in rising urban temperatures and the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. The biophysical properties of the urban space are determinants of the local urban climate. When there is significant alteration such as the replacement of vegetation and evaporating surfaces with impervious surfaces, the surface energy budget experiences fluxes which leads to warming at the local scale. Most scientists believe that the Earth's temperature has been rising since the 19th century. Meanwhile, a phenomenon called heat island in metropolitan areas (UHI) has caused a faster rise in temperature in these micro-climates, and in the coming years, the rapid urbanization trend will also increase the slope of temperature rise in cities. According to statistics provided by the United Nations, by 2025, more than 80% of the world's population will live in cities, and this will worsen the situation as cities become warmer. Surface temperature (LST) is one of the most important environmental parameters that is affected by land use change. The purpose of this study is to analyze the land use change in the two periods of 1987 and 2019, to estimate and study the changes in LST and NDVI in the same period, and to analyze the impact of land use change in LST and NDVI and the relationship between all three parameters.Materials and Methods In this study, Landsat 8 satellite images were used from the OLI sensor to extract the land use map and vegetation index, and the TIRS sensor was used to extract ground surface temperature for 2019 also Landsat 5 OLI sensor image was used to prepare land use map and vegetation index. Using visible, near-infrared, and infrared bands, the TM sensor was used to extract the surface temperature using thermal bands for 1987. Ecognition software was used to classify the object. Error matrices and related statistics (overall accuracy, kappa coefficient, user and Producer accuracy of each class) were used to evaluate the classification accuracy. Finally, Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between LST and NDVI, and the Contribution index was used to evaluate the impact of land use on surface temperature.Results and Discussion Investigating land use changes and their relationship with land surface temperature and vegetation index requires determining the type of land use and accurate estimation of land surface temperature and vegetation index. Preparing a satisfied land use map using Landsat satellite images and applying the object classification method Oriented has a relatively high accuracy. The accuracy of land use map classification in 1987, 82.5, and in 2019, 96.1 shows the high accuracy of the land use classification method and land use map. The study of land use changes in 1987 and 2019 in the Givi Chay catchment showed that rangeland use with an area of 1224.18 and 10469.59 square kilometers is the dominant land use, while in 1987, residential use with an area of 66.63 square kilometers and in 2019, water use with an area of 3.77 square kilometers had the lowest area. Also, the most modified use of rangeland use was dryland agriculture (181 square kilometers), which indicates the destruction of rangelands. The results of surface temperature during the 33-year period were evaluated which showed that the average surface temperature in 1987 from 28.39 °C to 38.86 °C and in 2019 from 34.35 °C to 46.62. The temperature has increased so that the average temperature of the whole study area in 33 years has increased by about 7.11 degrees Celsius. This indicates the urban development in the study area. The highest temperature recorded in both periods belongs to dryland agricultural use (38.86 and 46.62 ° C, respectively), which indicates the concentration of heat in these areas. Dryness and harvest at this time can be the main cause of high temperatures of this use. Garden, forest, and water uses showed lower surface temperatures in both periods than other uses. Vegetation areas due to evapotranspiration have a temperature-moderating role and have areas with a minimum temperature in both periods. Water use also has a great effect on reducing the temperature due to its high heat capacity. The use of residential areas compared to rainfed and pasture agricultural uses showed a lower temperature, which can be due to the existence of parks, and gardens that cause evaporation and cooling of the city, as well as factors such as roofing, felt in The reflection of radiant energy has a great share. Rangeland use had high temperatures (36.57 and 44.81 °C, respectively) in both years under study. The reason for the high temperature of this land, according to the study season, which is late June and early July, is an increase in areas free of vegetation or vegetation that is small and scattered. There was also a large negative correlation between LST and NDVI in the two study periods. Rainfed and rangeland agriculture with higher LST have lower NDVI, while vegetation and water have higher NDVI. Aquatic agricultural use, which was mostly observed in the areas around the Givi Chai River, showed lower temperatures due to the presence of moisture and evapotranspiration due to vegetation density. In the study area, suburban areas (gardens) and irrigated arable lands along the Givi Chai River and forests have the highest amount of vegetation index (NDVI) due to their relatively high green biomass, while irrigated areas, rainfed lands, Residential areas, and pastures have the lowest vegetation index. The results of vegetation index analysis for each land use class showed that forests, rainfed agriculture, and rangelands with the highest LST values and the lowest NDVI values while the lowest LST values and higher NDVI values were observed in forest and garden classes. Replacement of vegetation and forests with residential areas causes the conversion of wet soils to impenetrable surfaces, which leads to reduced surface evaporation. Absorbed solar radiation is converted to heat and reflected with higher values of LST. Increased vegetation has reduced the earth's surface temperature, and this is due to the fact that more vegetation leads to more evapotranspiration and transfer of part of the temperature and cooling of the earth's surface. Finally, the calculation of the participation index for each land use class in 1987 and 2019 showed that dryland agricultural use in 1987 and rangeland use in 2019 had the largest share in increasing surface temperature in the study area. According to the time of the selected images, the main reason for this participation can also be attributed to the time of harvest of dryland agricultural products and drying of pastures.Conclusion The results confirm the increase in surface temperature between different land use classes. Rangeland and dry agricultural uses showed higher LST values compared to forests and irrigated agriculture and water areas. High-temperature areas also had low NDVI values. Conversely, low-temperature areas such as vegetation and water had higher NDVI values. In addition, a high negative correlation was observed between LST and NDVI in both study periods. It has also been shown that rangeland and irrigated agriculture have a positive effect on LST, while forests and water have a cooling or moderating effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Study and prediction of land surface temperature changes of Yazd city: assessing the proximity and changes of land cover
Mohammad Mansourmoghaddam Iman Rousta Mohammadsadegh Zamani Mohammad Hossein Mokhtari Mohammad Karimi Firozjaei Seyed Kazem AlavipanahBackground and Objective The expansion of urbanization has increased the scale and intensity of thermal islands in cities. Investigating how cities are affected by these thermal islands plays an important role in the future planning of cities. For this purpose, this stu MoreBackground and Objective The expansion of urbanization has increased the scale and intensity of thermal islands in cities. Investigating how cities are affected by these thermal islands plays an important role in the future planning of cities. For this purpose, this study examines and predicts the effect of land cover (LC) changes in the three classes of LC including urban areas, barren lands, and vegetation on land surface temperature (LST) in the city of Yazd during the last 30 years using Landsat 5 and 8 images. This study also examines the effect of the ratio of proximity to the barren land and vegetation classes during this period to examine how the recorded LST is affected by the mentioned ratio.Materials and Methods The LC maps of Yazd city were extracted using a supervised Artificial Neural Network classifier for 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020. Terrestrial data, google earth, and ground truth maps were used to derive training data. The LST of Yazd was obtained from the thermal band of Landsat 5 and Landsat 8. After that, the LST was classified into six available classes, including 16-20, 21-25, 26-30, 31-35, 36-40, and 41-46°C which has shown that the four last classes play an important role in LST changes in Yazd city during last 30 years. To evaluate the effects of the proximity of barren land and vegetation LC classes on the LST recorded by the sensor, firstly the proximity ratio was calculated in 5×5 kernels for all image pixels. Then the mean of LST was derived based on this ratio of barren and vegetation lands.Results and Discussion The results of this study showed that in Yazd city, from 1990 to 2020, the area of the urban area has grown 91.5 % (33.6 km2) over the last 30 years. Barren and vegetation land, have negative growth in the area over the same period. From 1990 to 2020, barren lands in Yazd experienced a growth -79.4% (21.3 km2), which the sharp growth of urban areas justifies this negative growth in barren lands. Vegetation classes in Yazd from 1990 to 2020, have experienced a growth -68.5% (12.2 km2). The average ground temperature of this city has been constantly increasing during these 30 years. By 2020, the city of Yazd, reaching an average of 38.1°C compared to 29.2°C in 1990, has experienced a 30.4% increase in its average LST. The temperature classes of this city have also moved towards warmer temperature classes in these 30 years. As the main part of the LST area of Yazd, in 1990, in the first place, the class of 26-30 °C with 47 km2 and at the second place the class of 31-35 °C with 26.4 km2 are classified. In 2000, in a reverse trend, the main LST class was 31-35°C with 52.8 km2 as the first place and the 26-30°C class with 20 km2 as the second place. With an increased class, the LST class of 36-40 °C for both 2010 and 2020 with 40.2 and 63 km2 respectively has been recorded as the largest LST class. The LST class of 31-35 °C has been recorded as the second LST class of both years with 33.2 and 9.7 km2, respectively. The difference between these two years is in the growth -70.7% (23.5 km2) of the class area of 31-35°C and the increase of 10.3% (0.8 km2) of the hottest class of the statistical period, 41-46°C, in 2020, compared to 2010. The results of this study also showed that the highest average temperature in all year was recorded for barren lands at 37.3°C. Also, a positive correlation (mean correlation 0.95) was shown between the proximity to barren land cover and the mean LST. However, the sharp upward trend of urban areas in the whole statistical period (91.5% with 33.6 km2) as the second class with the highest average LST after the barren lands with an average of 34.1 °C versus a downward trend of 79.4% (21.3 km2) of barren lands has increased the average LST over a statistical period of 30 years. It is because the decrease of 68.5% (12.2 km2) of vegetation areas as an LC class with the lowest average LST (32.2°C) in the same period, neutralized the effect of decreasing barren lands and intensified the trend of increasing the LST. Meanwhile, a negative correlation (mean correlation -0.97) was established between the ratio of proximity to vegetation and the average LST. The results of forecasting land cover changes in 2030 in the city of Yazd indicate that in a process similar to previous periods, the class of urban areas will increase. This growth will not be significant compared to 2020, with 1.6% (1.1 km2). However, a significant decrease in green areas (vegetation) by -19.6% (1.1 km2) in the same period, along with a slight decrease in barren lands -1.8% (0.1 km2) will cause the earth’s surface to become warmer, and the area of LST classes will be increased by the year. Accordingly, the main area of the LST class in 2030 for the city of Yazd, as in 2020, is forecasted 36-40°C with 58.2 km2 (-7.6% growth compared to 2020). But the dramatic growth of the hottest class of LST over the statistical period (41-46°C) with 166.3% (14.3 km2) growth as the second major class of LST in this year (2030), as well as the negative and dramatic growth of the relatively cooler class 31-35°C with -97.9 % (9.5 km2) in this year indicates the warmer ground surface temperature in 2030.Conclusion The results of this study indicate that in 30 years in Yazd city, the decrease in vegetation in the first place, along with the increase in urban areas in the second place, has caused an increase in LST. Thus, the vegetation class reduces the LST due to its cooling effect considering its water content. In this study, it was shown that by taking all factors into account, the reduction of barren lands will lead to a decrease in LST, and also increasing urban areas with a lower impact factor than barren lands will increase the LST. However, the decrease in the area of green lands (vegetation) in recent years, along with the sharp increase in the area of urban areas has caused an increase in LST. Increasing the proximity to vegetation by creating green areas by increasing the ratio of vegetation in the vicinity of different LC and also reducing the area of barren lands, can be a good solution to deal with the impact of urbanization in recent years on ground surface temperature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Modeling land cover changes in Golestan province using land change modeler (LCM)
Fatemeh Salarian Mohammadreza Tatian Abdolazim Ghanghermeh Reza TamartashBackground and Objective In recent decades, land use change due to environmental and human factors has caused serious effects on the environment and the economy in Golestan province. On the other hand, wide rangelands and natural areas have been cultivated without obser MoreBackground and Objective In recent decades, land use change due to environmental and human factors has caused serious effects on the environment and the economy in Golestan province. On the other hand, wide rangelands and natural areas have been cultivated without observing ecological and scientific principles or have been exploited for special purposes and changing to other uses, while many of these lands are do not have the potential to become new land uses and they have a high potential for erosion, as a result of which we will see soil erosion, especially in sloping lands and the creation of destroyer floods. Therefore, it is necessary and essential to be aware of the type and manner of use and its possible changes over time, which will be important for planning and policy-making in the country. The aim of this study was to detection the land use changes in Golestan province during the years 1986 to 2019 and to predict the land use status of the region for 2050 using the Land Change Modeling (LCM) approach.Materials and Methods In order to monitor the trend of land use changes in the study area, Landsat 5 and 8 satellites (TM and OLI sensors for 1986, 2001, and 2019) were used. Interpretation and processing of satellite data were performed in ENVI software. The necessary pre-processing was performed on the images. First, the images were mosaic together and then cut according to the province boundary. In order to identify and separate the phenomena from each other, a false color image was created. Then, the supervised classification method with the maximum likelihood method was used. At this stage, five classes, including rangeland, agriculture, forestry, residential, and water areas were defined. Land use maps for 1986, 2001, and 2019 were prepared. Integration of land cover maps related to 1986, 2001, and 2019 was used as input of LCM model and digital elevation model (DEM) maps and road and stream layers to analyze area changes and prediction of land use changes of 2050. After the necessary analyzes in order to detect land use changes between the intended time periods, change maps and land use transfers were prepared. Finally, the amount of decrease and increase in each land use, the amount of net changes, the net change from other land uses to the desired class, areas without change and transfer from each land use to another land in different land cover classes in the form of maps and charts were prepared and analyzed.Results and Discussion The aim of this study was prediction and modeling of land use changes in a period of 33-years in Golestan province. According to the results during this period, the area of the rangelands has decreased a lot, equivalent to 181181.25 hectares. Much of the decline in rangelands is due to its conversion into agricultural, which can be attributed to population growth and the need to expand crop land. The area of forest lands during the mentioned years has decreased from 393018.75 to 349143.75 hectares in 2019, which has shown a decrease of 43875 hectares (2.2%). In general, the destruction of rangeland and forest areas is especially visible in developing countries due to population growth, technological growth and non-compliance with ecological principles and law enforcement. Also, the results of classified maps during the mentioned years show that the highest amount of changes in the region is related to agricultural lands, has increased to 173700 hectares equal to 8.5 % during the same period. The rate of land use changes related to the residential land class has also increased with the increasing trend from 18731.25 hectares in 1986 to 37518.75 hectares in 2019, which has increased by 18787.50 hectares (0.9%) during this period. Rapid growth of population has led to the development of residential and urban areas and the increase in this type of land use with a relatively steep slope, especially in recent years, which can be part of the government's plans for housing construction in the surrounding areas cities. This increase in the class of agricultural lands is more noticeable, especially in the central and eastern regions of the province, and can be a warning alarm for the future. It means that in an imperceptible trend, rangeland and forest lands become rainfed agricultural lands and after a while unprincipled exploitation, eventually become barren and unusable land. On the other hand, this could indicate an increase in population and demand for housing, and consequently securance of the needs of the residents of the region is a threat to rangeland lands which is necessary instead of increasing the agricultural and residential lands and turning rangeland lands into such land uses, the policy of increasing productivity in the agricultural sector should be pursued. About of water areas, it can be said that during this period, it has increased by 1.6% or 3268.75 hectares. This increase in water areas can be partly attributed to heavy rainfall and water intake and even floods in different parts of the province in 2019. Predicting the rate of land use change in 2050 indicates that in the coming years, the area of rangelands and forests will be reduced by 131906.25 and 291600 hectares, respectively, and in contrast to the area of agricultural land and residential areas will increase to 164137.50 and 25313.25 hectares, respectively. Therefore, the adoption of necessary measures and policies to further reduce forest and rangeland will be inevitable.Conclusion Understanding of the conditions of different land uses during the coming periods will facilitate planning for the future by creating information in terms of their spatial distribution pattern, but maintaining and creating sustainable conditions for the future both statistically and it is ecologically one of its limitations. These constraints play an important role in the safe use of different land uses in the planning process. Therefore, creating sustainable conditions in the region and modeling it in order to use the natural resources of a region regularly and sustainably is one of the preconditions for achieving upstream visions and documents, including the sustainable development plan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - An analysis of the land use/land cover changes of Shadegan International Wetland in the last two decades
Asma Rafei Afshin Danehkar Mehdi Zandebasiri Masoud BagherzadekarimiBackground and Objective Wetlands, as one of the most sensitive ecosystems on Earth, are always facing various changes in their range, and changes in cover and use are among the most effective of these changes. The land has always been affected by human activities and u MoreBackground and Objective Wetlands, as one of the most sensitive ecosystems on Earth, are always facing various changes in their range, and changes in cover and use are among the most effective of these changes. The land has always been affected by human activities and uses. Those human activities that are limited to certain places and find a relatively stable position, create human uses. Therefore, analysis of wetland change has become a management priority. land use/land cover (LULC) plays a key role in the study of environmental developments at the local, regional and global levels. Human activity and change in the Earth's surface lead to changes in the structure and ecological processes of the Earth's natural systems. These changes mainly affect the main aspects of land functions (including energy balance, water, soil, and food network). In addition, pressure on natural resources, which is due to the human need for environmental resources and is often influenced by population growth drivers, leads to changes in the Earth's surface. Landscape changes due to human interventions lead to different developments and trends in land use/land cover. Therefore, time/coverage analysis is very important for understanding and routing spatial changes from the past to the present and planning for the future. Today, high-resolution multispectral and multi-temporal satellite data are used as an essential tool for estimating aspects such as vegetation, deforestation, and urban sprawl. Remote sensing and GIS technology provide a platform for studying landscape deformation across the earth's surface. Remote sensing data provide valuable information in a relatively short time and cost-effectively. High-resolution satellite imagery or aerial photographs can be used to study land use/land cover changes in different ecosystems and areas. The fact that Shadegan Wetland is one of the international wetlands in the country, which is currently on the Montreux list due to human interventions, can assess the developments around the wetland, especially in the process and type of land use/land cover changes, in identifying the drivers The main impact on this wetland is associated with its practical importance and helping to remove this wetland from the Montreux list. And waterfront can be used to adjust the exit bill of this wetland from the Montreux list. In this study, integrated remote sensing and GIS methods have been used to detect land use/land cover changes in the enclosed area and affect Shadegan wetland.Materials and Methods The study area is located in Shabangan Wetland, surrounded by the Ozon Plain. Due to the immediate man-made effects on Shadegan Wetland, especially the role of the surrounding roads and waterways, this area was closed on the latest Google Earth satellite images and then transferred to the layers used. In this area, the international distance is 48 degrees and 19 minutes and 16 seconds to 49 degrees and 3 minutes and 44 seconds and the northern latitude is 29 degrees and 55 minutes, 44 seconds to 38 degrees, 28 minutes and 42 seconds at a distance of about 60 kilometres. It is located south of Ahvaz, the capital of the province, and 5 km south of Shadegan. In this research, images of the 20 years of the Landsat satellite from the years 1999-to 2019 have been used. ENVI software is also used to classify images. After preprocessing and making the relevant corrections using the supervised classification method and the algorithm, the maximum likelihood of processing and highlighting the images was done, and also the kappa accuracy and coefficient of each layer were estimated for accuracy. Then, the preparation of cover and land use maps included different classes of natural land cover and human land uses. In the detection, the most important changes were made around the Shadegan wetland, so in this process, major changes in the existing classes were considered. To detect changes, the Change Detection method was used in ENVI software, which can provide complete information on changes in land use/land cover types. Land use changes were selected in 5 periods with a time interval of 20 (2019-1999).Results and Discussion Five-time periods of satellite data on the use and coverage of Shadegan Wetland in the years 2017, 2014, 2001, 1999, and 2019 were prepared after pre-processing and making relevant corrections using the supervised classification method and the maximum probability of processing and highlighting algorithm. Pictures were taken. The Kappa coefficient and the overall accuracy coefficient were used to evaluate the accuracy of the generated maps and according to the results, the 2019 data had the highest kappa coefficient and the highest overall accuracy. According to land cover and land use classes, the land use/land cover map of the study area was prepared for the mentioned five time periods. The findings of this study show that the land area of Shadegan wetland has changed from about 90,000 hectares in 2001 to about 150,000 hectares in 1999 during the 20 years ending 2019 the area of the wetland has decreased by about 40% in two years. After that, the wetland lands have increased and this increase continues gradually until today. However, despite this increase, the area of the wetland has not been provided in 1999, the area has decreased by about 16% compared to this year.Conclusion Considering the trend of bare lands without cover and saline lands, it can be concluded that these two diagrams have an inverse trend towards each other, which can be seen at this point or the intersection of the two desired covers. For this purpose, the desired cover must be obtained, which is created by runoff, so that in a period, the lands began to lose their coverage and became saline lands and salt ponds. Also, considering the increase in uncovering land in 2001 and the water trend, it can be concluded that this increase was due to the decrease in surface water. Due to the trend of saline lands in the relevant period and being in line with the water trend, if the water supply of the wetland is provided, thousands of saline’s will become natural lands. Also, the relative increase in water in recent years and the decrease in bare uncovered land, and the increase in saline land, indicate that the water that replaces bare uncovered land is saline. The two groups of land use and agricultural activity did not cause drastic changes in the study period and according to Table 4, the average percentage of changes in these two land uses was 4.5% and more than 1%, respectively, which is expected to have a significant impact on There is no process of destruction and destruction of lands around the wetland and therefore cannot be considered as a critical factor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Investigation of subsidence trend in Isfahan plain using radar differential interferometry technique
Marjan Talebiniya Hassan Khosravi Gholamreza Zehtabian Arash Malekian Hamidreza KeshtkarIn the present study, to investigate the occurrence of land subsidence in Isfahan plain, SNAP8.0 software and radar differential interferometry technique were used. For this purpose, after processing Sentinel-1A images in the period 2019-2015, rate and intensity subside MoreIn the present study, to investigate the occurrence of land subsidence in Isfahan plain, SNAP8.0 software and radar differential interferometry technique were used. For this purpose, after processing Sentinel-1A images in the period 2019-2015, rate and intensity subsidence maps were prepared in the desired period. Also, changes in groundwater water level in the period 2002-2018, as one of the geodetic factors affecting subsidence, were studied to match the points that have subsidence. Then the output of SNAP software was studied using ArcGIS10.8, with land use layers and average water level changes and Maps of mean subsidence changes, groundwater drop, standard deviation and time of maximum subsidence were prepared. The results show the occurrence of subsidence phenomenon in areas with groundwater decline with urban use, roads and agricultural lands with a maximum rate of 14.2- 20.8 cm in the years 2018-2019. The average change represents the maximum subsidence of 9.6 cm per year, in line with the satellite line of sight, in the urban area. Also, spatial analysis of subsidence hazards at strategic points showed that the study area needs to provide the necessary warnings for the occurrence of subsidence crisis on a larger scale in the future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Optimizing of landuse using multilayer perceptron neural network in Hamedan city
Naser Shafieisabet Faranak Fezybabaei Cheshmeh SefeidiBackground and Objective The protection of natural resources, especially land, and their use, has long been considered. It can be said that because land use has undergone many changes over time, these changes have direct and many effects on the ecosystem and the environ MoreBackground and Objective The protection of natural resources, especially land, and their use, has long been considered. It can be said that because land use has undergone many changes over time, these changes have direct and many effects on the ecosystem and the environment and consequently have various consequences, including these consequences that can be used to change land use. The area was affected by the rapid expansion of urbanization and its effects on land-use patterns in the surrounding environment and, finally, land fragmentation in these areas. Accordingly, in many cases, converting land use from its natural state to artificial land use has irreversible consequences. To reduce the consequences, this can be adapted to the land use structure. Land appropriateness refers to matching the capacities of a plot of land and its land use, and the disproportionate allocation of land use and disregard for its changes has many consequences such as socio-economic segregation, environmental depletion, and loss of resources. Decisions in land and resource management should always be guided in a way that does not conflict with the interests of society and the natural environment. In this regard, one of the effective ways to control and minimize the damage and consequences of land use is to adapt its structure so that, based on the characteristics of land resources and their capabilities, the land can be spatially distributed and arranged more rationally. This study aims to identify and zone the appropriateness of land use structure with the existing capabilities in Hamedan and to evaluate the efficiency of the multilayer perceptron neural network method in the field of land use structure optimization in this city.Materials and Methods In this study, to adapt the land use structure in the city of Hamedan, based on the research background and according to the effective criteria in the field of land use structure, various indicators were selected, including 12 land use indicators, slope, average temperature, and average rainfall. Average humidity, average wind speed, geology, soil type, distance from the river, distance from wells, distance from main roads, and vegetation type. Then, using the field visit, the points with user suitability were registered as educational points. After preparing the layers of the mentioned indicators, these layers were standardized in the software environment of the GIS system. In the next step, the multilayer perceptron neural network uses the after-release algorithm by importing layers affecting the optimization of the land use structure as input and using the middle layer of distance. From appropriate points in terms of land use structure, this network was implemented with the structure of 1-10-12 to adapt the land use structure in Hamedan. From 35% of the total image pixels, the distance from the agricultural proportions as training points falls into three categories the first part (70%) for network training, the second part (15%) for stopping calculations when the error is increasing, and the third part (15%) was used for network verification. Finally, the final land suitability map was drawn. The resulting layer had a value between 0 and 1 which was divided into five land suitability classes. In the present study, after identifying the factors affecting the land use structure and adapting its structure, and preparing each of them, the mentioned layers were standardized. Then, using the field visit, the points with appropriate use were recorded as educational points. Thus, the land use structure was adjusted by the multilayer perceptron neural network model with 58 replications. The results of the neural network validation and the resulting output layer indicate the high accuracy of the network in fitting the land use structure so that the square root mean values of error (RMSE), and absolute error (MAE). Correlation coefficient (R2) in the implementation process of the network is equal to 0.19, 0.21, and 0.89, respectively, indicating the network's high accuracy in implementing the optimizing process. Completely inappropriately divided, and the results showed that most of the areas covered some somewhat suitable and perfectly suitable lands with 32.62 and 28.13% of the total area, respectively.Results and Discussion In the present study, after identifying the factors affecting the land use structure and adapting its structure, and preparing each of them, the mentioned layers were standardized. Then, using the field visit, the points with appropriate use were recorded as educational points. Thus, the land use structure was adjusted by the model of a multilayer perceptron neural network with 58 replications. The results of the neural network validation and the resulting output layer indicate the high accuracy of the network in fitting the land use structure so that the square root mean values of error (RMSE), and absolute error (MAE). The correlation coefficient (R2) in the implementation process of the network is equal to 0.19, 0.21, and 0.89, respectively, which indicates the network's high accuracy in the implementation of the optimizing process. Completely inappropriately divided, and the results showed that most of the areas covered some somewhat suitable and perfectly suitable lands with 32.62 and 28.13% of the total area, respectively.Conclusion The results of optimizing land use structure in Hamedan show that most of the area is not suitable for agricultural activities in terms of effective factors. In this area, most urban land uses completely barren and uncultivable lands, lands. There are mountainous, rocky, and low-quality pastures, mainly in the western and southwestern areas of Hamedan. Also, in this area, lands that have been relatively suitable in terms of a proportion are quite suitable in terms of 12 factors in the best conditions for agricultural and horticultural activities and are the best place for developing agricultural activities. Thus, to change the land use conditions towards a more appropriate trend while paying attention to integrated urban-rural planning for Hamedan and its surrounding settlements. It is recommended to pay attention to land use planning rural-urban plans and projects because the rapid expansion of Hamedan and its suburban spaces has created numerous challenges in terms of land suitability. In such a way that about 23.1% of the lands are ready to be transformed into unsuitable and completely unsuitable conditions. In addition, 32.62% of land use is subject to change to semi-suitable conditions. Based on what has been said, controlling, supervising, and directing the constructions and preventing the over-horizontal expansion of the city of Hamedan and its surrounding spaces by urban and rural stakeholders (local management) is proposed to rangeland and agricultural lands. The findings of the study also indicated that the highest area of land in this area is related to somewhat suitable and perfectly suitable land and the lowest area belongs to unsuitable and somewhat unsuitable land. Therefore, it can be said that the city of Hamedan is currently in a semi-suitable situation in terms of land suitability, which can have a more favorable trend in the future with proper planning and policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Assessment relations of land use in heat islands using time series ASTER sensor data (Case study: Bandar Abbas city)
Ali aKbar Matkan Ahmad Nohegar Babak Mirbagheri Nahid TorkchinInvestigation of the situation of heat radiation scattering and its relationship by land use types is important in identification of the urban microclimate. Temperature is one of the features that are influenced by environmental conditions and it is considered as one of MoreInvestigation of the situation of heat radiation scattering and its relationship by land use types is important in identification of the urban microclimate. Temperature is one of the features that are influenced by environmental conditions and it is considered as one of quality indices of environmental. According to this study the quality of the environment and the amount of pressure on which come to attention. On the other hand, land use planning as the main core of the urban planning based understanding of the environment is searching to find a way to improvement of environmental, social and ecological system of cities to the aims of sustainable development, especially countries. In this study, the effects of land use/cover and risk of land surface temperature (LST) in the coastal city of Bandar Abbas assessed by using satellite imaging data Terra ASTER for the years 2007 and 2011. After the processing required and using the heat equation, the surface temperature was prepared. Land use layers and harvesting of selected parts and also inferential statistical tests (Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman correlation coefficient) the relation between land use/cover and surface temperature was calculated. The results showed industrial areas, barren land of high temperature and high coastal areas due to the presence of water due to evaporation and transpiration from vegetation green leaf area of trees and shade temperatures were lower than those of other users. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Monitoring and prediction of spatial and temporal changes of landuse/ cover (Case study: Marave Tappeh region, Golestan)
Asghar Farajollahi Hamid Reza Asgari Majid Ownagh Mohammad Reza Mahboubi Abdol-Rasoul Salman MahiniIn this research, land use changes in previous years and the possibility of predicting in the future using Markov chain model were investigated in the Maraveh Tappeh region of Golestan province. Therefore, using images of MSS, ETM+ and OLI sensors of LandSat satellite a MoreIn this research, land use changes in previous years and the possibility of predicting in the future using Markov chain model were investigated in the Maraveh Tappeh region of Golestan province. Therefore, using images of MSS, ETM+ and OLI sensors of LandSat satellite and using ancillary information, land use maps of 1986, 2000 and 2014 was provided and land use map of 2024 was predicted. According to the results, dense forest area decreased during the study period and with passing time but the area of agricultural land increased with the passage of time while the dense rangeland area decreased during the period 1984-2000. The annual growth rate of agricultural land has achieved 113.45 ha during the period 1984-2000 and this change value was obtained 91.27 ha for the period 2000-2014. The results of predicting changes in the time interval 2014-2028, showed it is possible that will be decreased semi-dense forest and dense rangelands and will be increased other land-use areas according to results of model predictions. The highest increase will be belonging to agricultural land use that will be increased to 25.89 ha per year. According to research findings, land-use changes are causing degradation of natural resource areas. However, in recent years, have taken effective actions to protect these areas, but more attention and protection of natural resources and environment in the Marave Tappeh region is essentially still. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Comparing artificial neural network, support vector machine and object-based methods in preparation land use/cover mapsusing landSat-8 images
Farnoush Aslami Ardavan Ghorbani Behrouz Sobhani Mohsen PanahandehPreparing the maps of land use/cover for spatial planning and management is essential. Nowadays, satellite images and remote sensing techniques have widespread applications according to their capabilities to produce the updated data and analyze the images in all discipl MorePreparing the maps of land use/cover for spatial planning and management is essential. Nowadays, satellite images and remote sensing techniques have widespread applications according to their capabilities to produce the updated data and analyze the images in all disciplines such as agriculture and natural resources. In the present study, Artificial Neural Network, Support Vector Machines and Object-Based techniques wereutilized for drawing the land use and vegetation maps in Ardabil, Namin, and Nir counties. The images of LandSat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) (2013) were usedafter geometric correction and topographic normalization and classified into 9 land use/cover classes including water bodies, irrigated farming, rainfed farming, meadows, outcrops, forests, rangelands, residential and airport areas. After the accuracy assessment, overall accuracy for the produced maps of ANN, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Object-based (OB) techniques was estimated as 89.91, 85.68 and 94.37%, respectively and Kappa's coefficients were 0.88, 0.82 and 0.93, respectivelyindicating that the object-based method in comparison with two other methods has more advantages;on the other hand, all three methods could provide the desirable accuracy for the land use/covermaps. Overally, three advanced classification methods were examined in the heterogeneous area with elevation changes up to 3600m using the images of new lunched Landsat 8 and the most appropriate land use/cover mapping method was introduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Comparing land use maps produced from IRS-WiFS and MODIS satellite images (Case study: Semirom- Borujen region)
Rohollah Kazemi Hassan Yeganeh Seyed Jamaloddin Khajeddin Fazel AmiriThe aims of the present research were comparison between land use maps produced through IRS-WiFS and MODIS satellite images taken from Semirom and Brojen regions. Various preprocessing, including image rectification was applied with geo-referencing of the image to a reg MoreThe aims of the present research were comparison between land use maps produced through IRS-WiFS and MODIS satellite images taken from Semirom and Brojen regions. Various preprocessing, including image rectification was applied with geo-referencing of the image to a registered image with an RMSe 0.5 pixel for MODIS and 0.35 pixel for IRS-WiFS. The atmospheric and topographic corrections were applied using subtraction of dark objects method and the Lambert method accordingly. Image processing including FCC, PCA, vegetation indices and supervised classification were employed to produce the land use maps. Two data sets of both IRS-WiFS and MODIS were used for this study. Finally the produced maps were controlled for their accuracies. Land-use map of MODIS produced with9 category and accuracy of 79.61 and with Kappa of 72.6, and land use map of IRS-WiFS produced with 8 category and accuracy of 90.2 and Kappa of 77.9 .Result showed that land use maps produced with IRS-WiFS data sets have very high accuracy. Results showed the same for land cover map produced with MODIS data sets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Detecting of land use change with remote sensing technique (Case study: Shahriar province)
Zohre Davoudi Monazam Ali Hajinejad Mohsen Abbasnia Sima PourhashemiThe loss of spatial balance and inharmonious physics development across regions, especially in the metropolitans has made monitoring changes in land use and its direction in harmony with reducing the harmful effects in the long and short run became the main issues of po MoreThe loss of spatial balance and inharmonious physics development across regions, especially in the metropolitans has made monitoring changes in land use and its direction in harmony with reducing the harmful effects in the long and short run became the main issues of policymakers and policy planners’ concerns. The aim of the study was to detect changing in Shahriar's land use via three methods of support vector machine (SVM), neural network classifier (NNC) and maximum likelihood classifier (MLC) during (1987-2009) using LandSat digital images. The results showed that during a 22 years period, the urban development increased and agricultural land declined. The decline in agricultural land has been 37, 26 and 25 percent based on SVM, NNC and MLC methods, respectively. Furthermore, the result indicated that urban land has been increased 57 and 41 percent via SVM and NNC, while agriculture land has been decreased four percent based on MLC, which demonstrates the weaknesses in accounting estimates of this method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Development trend analysis of urban heat island regarding land use/cover changes using time series of landSat images
Sirous Hashemi Dareh Badami Isar Nouraeisefat Saeid Karimi Sajad NazariUsing time series of satellite images is a cheap and efficient way to study trend changes of natural and human phenomena. The aim of the studyis to analyze the development of Urban Heat Iisland (UHI) in Rasht using time series satellite images. For this study, time seri MoreUsing time series of satellite images is a cheap and efficient way to study trend changes of natural and human phenomena. The aim of the studyis to analyze the development of Urban Heat Iisland (UHI) in Rasht using time series satellite images. For this study, time series of LandSat images during 1990 and 2015 were used. Thresholding Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Fraction Vegetation Cover (FVC) method has been applied to obtain the land surface emissivity; in addition, Planck's law for TM and ETM+ images and Split Window (SW) algorithm for OLI/TIRS images were utilized in order to retrieve land surface temperature. UHI and FVC trends were analyzed by statistical and Mann-Kendall methods. Statistical analysis showed that the average of FVC has decreased during the study periodand data skewness has changed to low FVC. The reduction trendhas increased FVC caused an average normalized temperature during the study period and also enhanced the data skewness of land surface temperature. The Mann-Kendall spatial analysis showed that in most of the study area, the land surface temperature and vegetation fraction haveincreased and decreasing trends, respectively; these mentioned trends have been intensified in the places where gardens and agricultural land uses were changed into built-up ones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Evaluation of surface temperature in relation to land use/cover using remote sensing data
Behrouz Ahmadi Ardavan Ghorbani Taher Safarrad Behrouz SobhaniThis study aimed to evaluate land surface temperature in relation to vegetation and urban land use using remote sensing data within the city of Ardabil and urban margin of up to 15km radius, using 2010 Landsat TM image, after preprocessing, such as data preparation, rad MoreThis study aimed to evaluate land surface temperature in relation to vegetation and urban land use using remote sensing data within the city of Ardabil and urban margin of up to 15km radius, using 2010 Landsat TM image, after preprocessing, such as data preparation, radiometric and geometric correction, which was performed using ENVI®4.7 software. Then for measuring the surface temperature, the thermal band of an image using relevant equations for converting digital numbers to radiance and radiance to brightness temperature was used. In the next step for calculating emissivity the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) index was used and finally land use map in six classes using supervised classification method were extracted from the image. For extracting the vegetation fraction the Dimidiate model was used. To assess the accuracy of surface temperature extracted from the image, hourly data from 4 weather stations was used and to reconcile these data with each other, a simple regression equation was used. Results show that the coefficient of relationship between land surface temperature (derived from the image) and air temperature recorded at the stations was 0.79 and the correlation between recorded air temperature of stations and derived air temperature from the image was obtained 0.99. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Comparison of different classification algorithms in satellite imagery to produce land use maps (Case study: Noor city)
Saleh Yousefi Mehdi Tazeh Somayeh Mirzaee Hamid Reza Moradi Shahla TavangarLand use mapping is one of the key factors in studies of environment and natural resources management. Mapping land use is often one of the most expensive parts of natural resources and environmental projects. Satellite data is one of the fastest and most cost-effective MoreLand use mapping is one of the key factors in studies of environment and natural resources management. Mapping land use is often one of the most expensive parts of natural resources and environmental projects. Satellite data is one of the fastest and most cost-effective methods for mapping land use that is available for researchers. In recent years, researchers from the different methods of land use maps have been produced using this data. There is the different method to classify the images. Each method has advantages and disadvantages. The aim of this research is to determine the best images nine supervised classification methods to extract land use map of the Noor city by ETM+ sensor. The results showed that the SVM classification by 0.9503 factor kappa coefficient and 90.94% overall accuracy is better than other methods. The accuracy of the order of priority 9 that is, SVM, Neural network, Mahalanobis distance, Maximum likelihood, Minimum distance from the mean, Spectral angle mapper, Spectral information divergence, parallel piped and binary code. All the research results of this study can be using the correct classification. Land use maps can be extracted with higher accuracy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Change detection in land use using remote sensing data and GIS (Case study: Ardabil county)
Marzieh Mosayebi Mohsen MalekiPopulation growth, urban development and the need of new residential regions and resources for human food, enhanced land use changes all over the world. The aim of this study was detection of land use changes in the last 25 years in the county of Ardabil. In this resear MorePopulation growth, urban development and the need of new residential regions and resources for human food, enhanced land use changes all over the world. The aim of this study was detection of land use changes in the last 25 years in the county of Ardabil. In this research, changes in land use were investigated based on LandSat imagery interpretation in three time periods between, 1987, 1998 and 2010 using GIS and remote sensing techniques and statistical methods. The map of study region was then georeferenced using DGN after geometric and atmospheric correction. Sample points in each land use class were taken in sufficient number and of suitable distribution among the study area. Using supervised classification (maximum likelihood algorithm), the best band combination and the land use maps for the years 1987, 1998, and 2010 were produced. The accuracy of the produced land use maps using overall accuracy and Kappa statistic was approved. The results indicated that some irrigated farming, gardens, residential and industrial areas and degraded lands have increased between 1987 and 2010; and the area of some land uses have decreased such as forests, rangelands and dry farming areas during this period. According to the findings from this research on the period of 1987-1998, rangelands and forests decreased 10.20% and 0.5% respectively, but dry farming lands, irrigated farming lands, and the barrier lanes have increased 5.62%, 1.8%, and 1.8% respectively. In the period of 1998-2010 rangelands, dry farming lands and forests have decreased 7.9%, 11.52% and 3.69% respectively, but irrigated farming lands have increased 1.2% and the barrier lands have also increased 17.7%. The kappa coefficient of land use maps was calculated 0.81, 0.87 and 0, 89 for the years 1987, 1998 and 2010 respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - The effect of topography factors on land use/cover changes of Yasouj forest park during 1965 – 2011
Shakiba Jahangirian Alireza SalehiThis study aims to investigate the effect of physiographical factors on land use/cover changes in the Yasouj Forest Park during 1965 to 2011. It was evaluated and monitored using aerial photographs 1:20000 scale, panchromatic satellite imageries from IRS-P5 MoreThis study aims to investigate the effect of physiographical factors on land use/cover changes in the Yasouj Forest Park during 1965 to 2011. It was evaluated and monitored using aerial photographs 1:20000 scale, panchromatic satellite imageries from IRS-P5 (2011), and online Google Earth images (2011). Two series of images in two adjacent monitors were interpreted and compared using a simultaneously comparison and interpretation method. For this purpose some of land use/cover characteristics within sample plots taken from similar location were used in a digital systematic grid. The results showed that about 60% of sample plots located in different classes of slopes and elevations were not changed during this period of time. However the most land use/cover changes have been occurring in low slope areas and the least changes have been occurring in high slope areas. It is concluded that topographical factors, particularly slope are important factors for the protection of the forest cover in such areas. Park area protection could also be as an important prohibiting factor for major changes in the study area. The distribution pattern study of woody spices’s maturer stems is not good enough for about a 50 year period. Increasing dirt road in the park during the recent decades leads a social need for better planning of this decentralized recreational zone. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Investigation of land use classification algorithms using images fusion techniques (Case study: Beheshtabad Sub-basin)
Arash Fazeli Farsani Reza Ghazavi Mohammad Reza FarzanehIn recent decades, land use changes cause an important environmental, economical and social damage in the world. Land use classification images are essential tools for land management and policy decisions. Fusion of remote sensing data could increase quality and i MoreIn recent decades, land use changes cause an important environmental, economical and social damage in the world. Land use classification images are essential tools for land management and policy decisions. Fusion of remote sensing data could increase quality and intensify of data. The main aim of this study was investigated of land use classification algorithms (Support Vector Machine Background, Neural Net, and Maximum Likelihood) using a fusion of OLI remote sensing data using Geographic Information System (GIS). According to the results, Gram-Schmidt method had the best punctuality for taking of the firstly data and rebuilding of images. The results showed that Maximum likelihood method increased accuracy of PC_Sharpened and Gram-Schmidt algorithms. A significant accuracy in land use classification was observed via combination techniques. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Using remote sensing data and GIS to evaluate air pollution and their relationship with land cover and land use in Baghdad City
B. Mohammed Hashim M. Abdullah SultanThe research used the satellite image (Landsat 7 ETM ) within the thermal infrared sixth band (TIR6) and geographic information system (GIS) to determine the air pollution and its relationship with the land cover (LC) and land use (LU) of Baghdad city. Concentration of MoreThe research used the satellite image (Landsat 7 ETM ) within the thermal infrared sixth band (TIR6) and geographic information system (GIS) to determine the air pollution and its relationship with the land cover (LC) and land use (LU) of Baghdad city. Concentration of total suspended particles (TSP), lead (Pb), carbon oxides (CO, CO2), and sulphur dioxide (SO2) were obtained from 22 ground measuring stations, where the stations are classified into industrial, commercial and residential and are distributed within the city of Baghdad. The digital number (DN) corresponding to the sites of groundtruth stations for measuring air pollutants was converted to the values of the spectral radiation (Lr), brightness temperature sensor (T) and land surface temperature (LST) of the satellite image (Landsat 7 ETM +) within TIR6. The results indicated a significant correlation between air pollutants and satellite image data have also shown results of the spatial analyst air pollutants and the satellite image data by using GIS and supervised classification results. They show a relationship between the concentration of air pollutants and land surface temperature with the land cover and land use classification (LC, LU) for Baghdad city. The results of the research gives evidence of a link between air pollutants derived from the measurement stations of ground and satellite data within the range of Thermal IR. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Application of DPSIR Conceptual Framework in Analyzing the Impact of the Type and Level of Physical – qualitative Changes on Urban Construction
Sina Ataee Ali Soltani Kalil Hajipoor -
Open Access Article
137 - The Role of Urban Governance and Policy Making in Urban Land Use Planning in the Occurrence of Social Anomalies in the City with an Emphasis on Theft (A Case Study of Marand City)
Yousef ِarvishi hamid hasan biglo fatemeh DarvishiUrban land use is one of the important tools to achieve macro social, economic and physical goals; Not only does it influence the city's investments and decisions, but it also plays an important role in social anomalies and urban security. The aim of this study was to i MoreUrban land use is one of the important tools to achieve macro social, economic and physical goals; Not only does it influence the city's investments and decisions, but it also plays an important role in social anomalies and urban security. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of urban land use planning in reducing social anomalies in Marand. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of nature and field implementation method. The statistical population of the study is 260 male prisoners in Marand prison. According to the laws and regulations governing prisons across the country, interviews were allowed with 40 people, and the sample size of this study is 40 male prisoners. Also, to achieve the desired results, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by Cronbach's alpha test as 0.857, which indicates the high reliability of the questionnaires. Data analysis was performed in two parts: descriptive statistics (mean, graph, frequency, etc.) and inferential statistics (one-sample t-test). Findings show that urban land use planning has an effective role in reducing social anomalies in Marand. Residential land use, educational land use, administrative and military land use, have an effective role in reducing social anomalies in Marand. Land use and green space, commercial land use, does not play an effective role in reducing social anomalies in Marand. Therefore, in order to prevent the aggravation of Marand urban crimes, it is suggested that special attention be paid to planning the fair distribution of urban land use space and by monitoring the spaces that are less taken care of and changing their use if necessary and also by taking care of the spaces. Without an owner, he prevented the occurrence of crime in the city of Marand. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Use and land cover change detection on Arjan lake Fars province, during 1987-2004
Somayeh Beyranvand Zahra KamaliChange detection is the process of identifying differences in the state of an object or phenomenon by observing itat different times that can play is an important role in regional planning.This study is an integration of remotesensing data and Geographic Information Sys MoreChange detection is the process of identifying differences in the state of an object or phenomenon by observing itat different times that can play is an important role in regional planning.This study is an integration of remotesensing data and Geographic Information System in order to detecting changes of land use and land cover aroundthe Arjan Lake in Fars province from 1987 to 2004. After geometric and atmospheric corrections We classifiedsatellite images in four categories zone water, land farming, shrubbery and bare lands using maximum likelihoodalgorithm and compared the output images using post- classification method which lead to calculating rates ofchanges. Results showed when ever lake water decreases in a period of time, bare and shrub lands increase,which corresponds the dryness of the lake. Comparing water Arjan Lake area during a period of 17 yearsindicates total decrease of 6.5 square kilometers for the water mass of the lake. The overall accuracy and kappacoefficient was calculated for the output data showed all data are classified with high accuracy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Impacts of Macro-Scale Parameters on Siminehrood River Basin
Farshid BostanManesh Sadegh Partani Rohollah NoriMacro scale parameters (e.g. Land use, population density, geology and erosion etc.) have been considered as macro scale indicators (MSIs) to estimate the water quality in river. The effects of MSIs on water quality variables (that here in after call as micro scale vari MoreMacro scale parameters (e.g. Land use, population density, geology and erosion etc.) have been considered as macro scale indicators (MSIs) to estimate the water quality in river. The effects of MSIs on water quality variables (that here in after call as micro scale variables / MSVs) were investigated through multivariate statistical analysis (MVA). Several MVA employed to find out, validation and verification of interaction effects in screening steep wise stages. The analysis was applied to in situ and laboratory measured data. The sampling process had been carried out on 15 stations, in three stages, in Siminehrood River. The Siminehrood River is located in north-west of Iran as one of important rivers which is terminated to Uremia Lake. MSVs includes all NSF variables. Results demonstrated the high resolution interaction between MSPs and MSVs. the results declared a dramatic relation between dry farming/irrigated farming and PO4,TDS and Turbidity. Urban land use and first level erosion we considered as effective MSPs on BOD5, EC and TDS. High ranked pollution category of geological layer is detected as one of effective MSPs on PO4 and physical water quality variables. The results led the research to the MSPs estimating river water quality in comparative water quality studies in different river basins. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Investigating Land Use Changes In Tajyar Dam Basin Using The Erdas Software
Mir Mehrdad Mirsanjari nafiseh rezapoorRevealing changes is one of the basic needs in managing and evaluating natural resources. Therefore, the map of user changes that is the result of the process of detecting changes can be made based on multivariate images of remote sensing. The purpose of this research i MoreRevealing changes is one of the basic needs in managing and evaluating natural resources. Therefore, the map of user changes that is the result of the process of detecting changes can be made based on multivariate images of remote sensing. The purpose of this research is to classify the images of the Tajyar Dam in three years to find out the extent of change in land cover and land covered with vegetation. Remote sensing techniques are the best means for extracting land use maps. In this study land use changes in the Tajyar dam basin have been studied using the supervised classifications in Erdas software. The Tajyar Dam Basin with an area of 10898 ha is located in East Azarbaijan province and Sarab city. In the study area, two landslide satellite images from1996 and 2006 and 2015 were categorized. The results indicate that 2007 hectares of lands covered with vegetation have been reduced and added to dry lands. This change has been caused due to severe agricultural activities, plowing and unplanned grooves. The effect of cold air currents in the northwest of the country has caused the region to have a semi-arid climate of cold. Due to the aforementioned limitation and the state of consumption of agricultural products and the lack of attention to the ability of agricultural land, farming in areas that have no potential for doing this activity has reduced the quality of vegetation. The supervised classification in this method was carried out with an overall accuracy of 87%, which is acceptable at the level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Survey the effect of land use changes on quality of water Maroon River using RS and GIS
Khosro Shafi Motlagh Jahangi Porhemat Hossin Sedghi Majid HosseiniIn arid and semi-arid conditions and water shortage, sensitive to water quality of rivers and factors influencing on them, is necessary. Maroon Watershed in recent decades has been prey extensive land use changes. Drought and misuse of lands were the most important fact MoreIn arid and semi-arid conditions and water shortage, sensitive to water quality of rivers and factors influencing on them, is necessary. Maroon Watershed in recent decades has been prey extensive land use changes. Drought and misuse of lands were the most important factors in reducing the volume and quality of water resources in the basin. In this study, changes in land use in the watershed Maroon within four ten-year period from 1980 to 2010 using sensors of TM and ETM satellite Landsat and then the changes in water quality over the same period, and even more between 1347 and 1394, were studied over a period of 47 years. Changes in land use in order to increase residential areas and increased agricultural land in the drought occurred during the past 47 years in reducing water quality in the watershed Maroon Ideanak station output is affected. However, due to the drastic changes in land use occurred, increasing the surface of residential and agricultural land feature of lowering the quality of Maroon river water. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Investigation of farmland Use Change in the Area of Parishan Wetland and its Relationship with Groundwater Levels and Rainfall
Bahman Khodabandehlo Mohammadali Abasi Azita ZandLand use is one of the most important factors that Man influences the environment through it. Changes in land cover and land use have direct effects on climate change, and there is a reciprocal and complex relationship between climate change and land cover change. There MoreLand use is one of the most important factors that Man influences the environment through it. Changes in land cover and land use have direct effects on climate change, and there is a reciprocal and complex relationship between climate change and land cover change. Therefore, it is important to monitor land use changes for management and Presentation of management plans. Today, remote sensing and geographic information systems are widely used, especially in dealing with multiple geographic data and interpreting the vast area of the earth's surface. In this way, remote sensing data can be used as a suitable substitute for unregistered and past data, such as land use data and its changes over time periods, and serve as basic information for other studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate land use changes in the Perishan wetland area from 1990 to 2015 using a remote sensing technique and investigate the relationship between these changes with groundwater levels and precipitation. The results of this study showed that the farmland area increased by 1,371 hectares from 1990 to 2015, while the groundwater level decreased by 14.72 m. Also, the results of this study showed that the changes in land area of agriculture are inversely related to groundwater level and increasing the area of agricultural land leads to more groundwater discharge and lower groundwater level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Survey the effect of land use changes on quantity of water Maroon River using RS and GIS
Khosro Shafei Motlagh Jahangir Poorhemat Hossen Sedghi Majid Hosseini The Correct management watersheds is one of the most important methods is the optimal use of soil and water resources. To do this, it s need for comprehensive information of different methods administrative management. Recent decades, correct and timely assessment More The Correct management watersheds is one of the most important methods is the optimal use of soil and water resources. To do this, it s need for comprehensive information of different methods administrative management. Recent decades, correct and timely assessment of quantitative and qualitative runoff is considered one of the concerns of the country's macro management.This project is modeling and evaluation and efficiency of the SWAT model to simulate the monthly runoff, sensitivity analysis, optimization of critical parameters, to evaluate the effect land use during the past four decades on Quantity of Maroon River watershed at the departure station (Idanak) in Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad. For this purpose, were used from semi-distributed SWAT model and SUFI2 program in the form of bundles SWAT CUP for sensitivity analysis, calibration, validation and uncertainty analysis.In this research first were prepared changes in land use map available as well as soil and vegetation in the watershed Maroon map within four ten-year period from 1980 to 2010 by using TM and ETM sensor of Landsat satellite .Observations Data of hydrometric Idenak station as base station was used during 1970 to 2010 in four ten-year period to observe changes in runoff during the calibration and validation. Compare the effect of land use management options on the different components of the hydrological cycle shows different amounts of runoff. Shows a the pessimistic scenario occurred in four decades. With continuing damage to the state in land use regression various amounts of runoff increases and decreases permeability and gullies on the surface and deep aquifers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - Detecting Spatial-Temporal Changes in Land Use Using Satellite Data in Haraz Basin
Naser Ahmadi Sani karim Solaimani Lida RazaghniaIn recent decades, rapid and incorrect changes in land use have been associated withconsequences such as natural resources degradation and environmental pollution.Detecting land use changes is a suitable technique for natural resource management.The goal of this researc MoreIn recent decades, rapid and incorrect changes in land use have been associated withconsequences such as natural resources degradation and environmental pollution.Detecting land use changes is a suitable technique for natural resource management.The goal of this research is to study the land use change in Haraz Basin with an area of677000 hectares in 15 years (1996 & 2011) using Landsat data. After making thenecessary corrections and preparing the indices, the image classification into nineclasses was by supervised classification and Maximum Likelihood algorithm. Finally,the changes were extracted by Post classification comparison. The results showed thatduring the 15 years there was a 27.5% change in land use of the area. These changesare related to conversion of rangelands to bare lands and dry farming ones; and alsoconverting the dense forest to sparse forest, horticulture, farming lands, and residentialareas. These changes can be due to an increase in population and human activities,which result in increasing demands for natural sources and converting them intofarming lands, horticulture, residential and industrial areas. These land use changesalong with climate changes are an alarm for the Haraz Basin status in the future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Monitoring and Analysis of Land Use Changes Using Satellite Images and Remote Sensing (Case Study: Sabzevar City)
Amin Mohammadi Dehcheshmeh Razieh MirfazlullahRemote sensing is one of the effective tools to study the process of land use change on a large scale and in a short time. In this research, the aim is to monitor and analyze land use changes using satellite images and remote sensing from 2010 to 2020 in Sabzevar city w MoreRemote sensing is one of the effective tools to study the process of land use change on a large scale and in a short time. In this research, the aim is to monitor and analyze land use changes using satellite images and remote sensing from 2010 to 2020 in Sabzevar city with Landsat images. For research, preprocessing included atmospheric correction and radiometric and geometric correction. A total of 200 ground control points were collected to classify and evaluate the accuracy of the classification with the maximum probability classification algorithm in the ground visit. The classification results showed that the forest area in 2010 was equal to 68980.21 hectares, which with the change of use and its conversion to residential use, barren and rainfed agriculture in 2020 reached 66044.99 hectares, ie 2935.22 hectares, its area has decreased. Residential use with its growth in 2010 to 2020 has increased from 2855.89 to 4563.98, ie 1708.09 hectares. Land use changes in semi-dense rangeland have also decreased from 167164.89 to 153287.68 hectares, i.e. 13877.21. Kappa coefficient and overall accuracy in 2020 were 98.42 and 97.84, respectively, which was the highest value compared to previous years. In this study, it can be recommended that the government increase the vegetation of the land to protect pasture and forest uses against further changes, and to compensate for these changes, to plant fast-growing forests. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Morphology Distribution and Monitoring of Land Use Change in Yazd
Mojtaba khezri masoud salman roghani Ali Sarkargar ArdakaniLand use planning is the most important issue of sustainable urban development and a major priority in urban planning. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the extent of physical expansion of Yazd city, identifying the land use changes to urban use and MoreLand use planning is the most important issue of sustainable urban development and a major priority in urban planning. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the extent of physical expansion of Yazd city, identifying the land use changes to urban use and determining the city growth directions during the years 2013 to 2018, using Landsat 8 satellite imagery over a time period of 5 years for Yazd city. Using the technique of detection of changes by comparative method after classification of images, changes in green space and moor lands were identified for urban use. Then, regional statistics techniques were used to determine the extent of city expansion and the nature of changes were obtained in different geographical directions. From 2013 to 2018, based on the results, 24.73% of the moor lands and 32.22% of the green area has had urban use. The growth of the city during this period were towards the East and South directions in the central and southern sectors in the marginal sector. The greatest amounts of green space changed to urban use were in the central and peripheral sectors, and the largest conversions of the moor land to urban use were in the central eastern region and in the southern marginal sector. The results showed that inappropriate distribution of applications in some parts of the city disrupted the spatial distribution of the land use. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - The relationship between the use of land cover and urban thermal islands using Landsat 8: Case study of Sanandaj
loqman rahimiGrowing population growth (including natural increase and migration) and rapid industrial growth are one of the main causes of global climate change. Today, the most important problem in urban areas is the increase in surface temperature due to changes in natural levels MoreGrowing population growth (including natural increase and migration) and rapid industrial growth are one of the main causes of global climate change. Today, the most important problem in urban areas is the increase in surface temperature due to changes in natural levels. In urban areas, depending on the type of land and vegetation used, areas with different temperatures develop from other areas. In this research, to answer the question how different types of the urban usage affect the creation of high temperature areas with the aim of understanding the temperature difference between different regions of the city and the surrounding area in order to provide a thermal island map in Sanandaj, discharge and surface temperature in Sanandaj was estimated using Landsat 8 satellite data by Jenks method in the summer and autumn. For this purpose, Envi and Arc GIS software were used, and finally, changes in surface temperature were evaluated in comparison to against land uses, and the role of each user in the creation of surface temperature was determined. The results of the research showed that Bayer land, industrial and urban facilities have the highest temperature and commercial applications and the green space has the lowest temperature, a result, the influence of urban utilization in the emergence of the current thermal conditions in Sanandaj (indicates the relationship between the type of user and the surface temperature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Evaluation of Local Climate Zone Model in Monitoring Land Use Changes with Emphasis on Physical Growth (Study Area: Tehran)
Seyed aghil Ebrahimi Seyed Ali Almodaresi Farhad HamzehLand use change and land cover are considered as one of the important and effective factors on global environmental change, so understanding and predicting the causes, processes and consequences of land use change has become a major challenge on the planet. Today, remot MoreLand use change and land cover are considered as one of the important and effective factors on global environmental change, so understanding and predicting the causes, processes and consequences of land use change has become a major challenge on the planet. Today, remote sensing technology and GIS are used effectively to identify and quantify land use change and its effects on the environment. The physical development of cities and the expansion of its dimensions is one of the important factors in urban land change that has many environmental, economic and social consequences. In the past few decades, the city of Tehran has faced numerous urban growth and development and surrounding towns, which has caused extensive changes in the urban lands of Tehran and surrounding areas. In this study, the trend of land use changes in Tehran in the past few decades has been studied. In the present study, using Landsat 8 satellite images, the change and transformation of lands in Tehran from 2013 to 2020 was monitored. Images were pre-processed and classified according to the LCZ model in 17 classes. Then, they were classified in SEGA GIS software and analyzed by image difference and post-classification methods. The results of image processing and classification show that urban lands are constantly growing and barren lands are increasing on a very small and slow scale. Also, land with dense vegetation has decreased from 2013 to 2020, which in itself can cause serious damage to urban planning for city managers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - Evaluation of Land Use Change in Lali City Applying Maximum Likelihood Algorithm
Hadis Rezaei Mirghaed Ladan khedri gharibvandUrban land use maps, in addition to different classes of land use with spatial patterns, specify the type and intensity of land use; therefore, they can be used for current and future planning of urban land. In this study, land use changes in Lali city in 30 years (1987 MoreUrban land use maps, in addition to different classes of land use with spatial patterns, specify the type and intensity of land use; therefore, they can be used for current and future planning of urban land. In this study, land use changes in Lali city in 30 years (1987-2017) were investigated. To evaluate the land use changes in this time interval, several spectral images of Landsat satellites 5, 7, and 8 from the years 1987, 2001 and 2017 were utilized. After collecting data and the application of necessary pre-processing on them, also for the preparation of land use maps for the specified time intervals, data analysis was carried out by Maximum Likelihood Classification Algorithm. The findings obtained each year were monitored and controlled through field operations, and land use maps in 7 classes of agriculture, rangeland, forest, mountain, residential, river, and other areas were produced. Then, the changes in each land use were determined in the specified periods during 1987 to 2001, 2001 to 2017, and eventually 1987 to 2017. While the results obtained from the final changes illustrate that the overall level of vegetation compared to the beginning of the period has declined markedly which is an indication of deforestation in the region, urban areas, agriculture, and rangelands have maintained an ascending trend which can be due to increasing urban development and rural expansion, and the growing need of residents for housing, agriculture, and gardens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Investigation and forecasting of land use changes in Shahrekord city Using LCM and GIS
Jafar Rahimi Seyed Ali AlmodaresiThe study was conducted to investigate land use changes in Shahrekord city in the period of 1990, 2000 and 2020. In order to analyze the changes in the region, the images of Landsat 5 SensorTM satellite for 1990 and 2000 and Landsat 8 Sensor OLI, 2020 were used. The mod MoreThe study was conducted to investigate land use changes in Shahrekord city in the period of 1990, 2000 and 2020. In order to analyze the changes in the region, the images of Landsat 5 SensorTM satellite for 1990 and 2000 and Landsat 8 Sensor OLI, 2020 were used. The model used in this study, modeler of LCM land changes, in this study, first in the vegetation index area were classified into several classes without cover, low cover, medium cover, high cover and very high cover, also according to the location and topography of the area for Classifications of urban uses, agriculture, water area, wasteland and roads were considered. Comparison of the 2020 forecast map with the 2020 land use classification map showed that the forecasts were acceptable for urban use. Also in the discussion of roads was high accuracy. In the discussion of vegetation and agriculture, there was no forecast of water reduction (reduction of reserves) and it was found that in the forecast map, vegetation, especially in the east, has increased much. The 2030 forecast indicates further development of urban land use and vegetation and agriculture Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Brownfield land use change modeling using GIS-based Weights-of-Evidence approach
Saleh AbdullahiFast and unorganized urban development increases the number of abandoned lands and brownfields within the cities. Revitalization of these lands is one of the key factors to achieve urban sustainability. Most researches on this field have mainly considered a single brown MoreFast and unorganized urban development increases the number of abandoned lands and brownfields within the cities. Revitalization of these lands is one of the key factors to achieve urban sustainability. Most researches on this field have mainly considered a single brownfield site for redevelopment on the bases of local neighborhood demand and characteristics. The current paper proposes a brownfields land use change modeling process in a larger scale perspectives rather than local aspects. The proposed model is a statistical-based weights-of-evidence (WoE) approach in the GIS environment. The changes probability of brownfield sites of the Qazvin city to residential land use was predicted using several urban development parameters. Next, the predicted map was aggregated with the existing brownfields map in order to evaluate by Master Plan of the Qazvin city. In this manner, existing brownfield sites are projected according to planning strategies. Results indicate that according to potential and suitability of the site and neighborhood properties, each brownfield can serve the community as single or mixture of several land use types. The advantage of this model is that, due to utilization of the standard urban parameters as well as statistical based methodology, by considering more number of land use types this process can be easily replicated in other cities for brownfields redevelopment. It is concluded that the application of land use change modeling techniques in GIS environment can provide a strong tool for brownfields redevelopment planning and strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - Evaluation and Comparison of Different Supervised Classification Algorithms in Lands User Map Preparation Using Satellite Images (Case Study: Miandoab City)
Mehdi MohamadpourPreparation of land use maps using traditional methods, in addition to spending a lot of time and money, is mainly about efficiency and it does not have the necessary accuracy. Today, satellite imagery and remote sensing techniques have a wide range of applications in a MorePreparation of land use maps using traditional methods, in addition to spending a lot of time and money, is mainly about efficiency and it does not have the necessary accuracy. Today, satellite imagery and remote sensing techniques have a wide range of applications in all sectors, including agriculture, natural resources, and land use mapping, due to the provision of timely data and high analysis capabilities, variety of shapes, digitality, and the possibility of processing. Satellite imagery Landsat 8 for August 2020 was used, which after making the necessary corrections in the pre-processing stage, action experimentation or fusion of the desired image using the panchromatic band and spatial resolution of the image was increased from 30 meters to 15 meters. In the next step, four different classification methods, including backup vector machine, maximum probability, Mahalanoob distance, and minimum mean distance were compared. The results showed that the classification method of backup vector machine with average overall coefficients and kappa of 100 and 1, respectively, has higher accuracy than other methods. Priority accuracy of classification methods is in the form of backup vector machine, maximum probability, Mahalanoob distance, and minimum distance from the mean, respectively. Finally, by assessing the accuracy using user accuracy, producer accuracy, overall accuracy, kappa coefficient and error matrix, land use map was prepared in three separate classes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Investigating and Monitoring Land Use Changes Using Geographic Information System, Remote Sensing Technique and Supervised Classification Methods (Case Study: Swadkoh City)
Razyeh Shaban Mirfazlolah Amin Mohamadi deh CheshmehInvestigation and analysis of land use changes was done using remote sensing and GIS techniques with supervised classification methods. The selected images from the years 2000 and 2022 were taken by the Landsat satellite. Necessary pre-processing of the images was done MoreInvestigation and analysis of land use changes was done using remote sensing and GIS techniques with supervised classification methods. The selected images from the years 2000 and 2022 were taken by the Landsat satellite. Necessary pre-processing of the images was done and then the best band combination was selected. The best band combinations of 2000 and 2022 were selected as 245 and 467, respectively, using the OIF index. The area changes from 2000 to 2022, in the support vector machine method, the uses of dense pasture, poor pasture, agriculture, residential, forest have had area changes of 9580.53, 34267.49, 237.2, 1603.41, 26527.57 hectares. Therefore, the use of dense pasture and forest has decreased by 5.87% and 16.25%, and other uses have increased. The area changes from 2000 to 2022, in the neural network method, the uses of dense pasture, poor pasture, agriculture, residential, forest have had area changes of 6021.05, 33869.57, 360.79, 1492.16, 29701.47 hectares. Therefore, the use of dense pasture and forest has decreased by 3.69% and 18.20%, and the use of poor pasture has increased by 20.75%, agriculture by 0.22%, and residential by 0.91%. In the assessment of classification accuracy, kappa coefficient and overall accuracy in the support vector machine method in 2000 were 0.84 and 0.87 and in 2022, 0.86 and 0.88 were obtained. Kappa coefficient and overall accuracy were obtained in 2000, 0.94 and 0.95 and in 2022, 0.96 and 0.97 in the neural network method. Therefore, the neural network method has higher accuracy Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - Evaluating Land Use Change Detection Methods in Damavand City Using Remote Sensing
Fatah Hasan family Zahra AziziLand-use change has significant impacts on environmental and natural resources, including water quality, air and terrestrial resources, ecosystem processes and functions, and climate systems. Therefore, accurate and timely detection of land-use changes is crucial for un MoreLand-use change has significant impacts on environmental and natural resources, including water quality, air and terrestrial resources, ecosystem processes and functions, and climate systems. Therefore, accurate and timely detection of land-use changes is crucial for understanding the interactions between humans and natural phenomena and managing natural resources effectively. This study aimed to monitor land-use changes in Damavand city using remote sensing techniques. Two Landsat 5 and 8 satellite images from 1996 and 2018 were used after applying radiometric and atmospheric corrections. Four methods, including band differentiation, band ratio, principal component analysis, and post-classification image detection were employed to detect land-use changes. The results showed that man-made areas increased by 7288 hectares due to construction activities in agricultural fields, leading to a reduction of 4047 hectares of agricultural lands. Additionally, 10324 hectares of rich rangeland cover were transformed into poor pastures. The principal component analysis method using band 3 and the band difference method using band 5 effectively detected the changes in the region; however, the band ratio method did not perform well. The findings of this study can help policymakers make informed decisions about land use planning in Damavand city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - Evaluating the legal location of the main urban uses using GIS (Case Study of Babol)
Ali Talebi Ali TalebiUrban land use analysis examines how to use the distribution, conservation, spatial organization of urban activities and functions based on the needs and needs of the urban community. due to the disproportionate growth of cities and the imbalance of cities, it is import MoreUrban land use analysis examines how to use the distribution, conservation, spatial organization of urban activities and functions based on the needs and needs of the urban community. due to the disproportionate growth of cities and the imbalance of cities, it is important to organize and optimize urban landscapes in order to improve the quality of urbanization and balance. The rapid expansion of urban areas and, consequently, the adoption of land use policy consider urban utilization as one of the most important determinants in the urban issues of the country; however, due to the diversity of distribution of urban use and the impact of the use of variables Various, analyzing and explaining it has always encountered problems. Therefore, recognizing and applying methods that can contribute to such an important step will be a good step for the faculty of the faculty of literature. The study of the process of evolution of the spatial structure of Babylon shows that in the years prior to 1300, various neighborhoods of the city were formed based on ethnic, religious and religious characteristics and have enjoyed a calm and organic growth. But in recent years, the implementation of developmental policies, without thinking and adapting to existing facts, seems to have resulted in physical growth and increased spatial separation among the neighborhoods of the city. The results show, which are descriptive-analytical and also using GIS , are of a practical nature, show that in allocating urban utilities, both spatial and per capita urban considerations Not done. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - Monitoring of land use changes in Shahmirzad city using remote sensing data and spatial information system
amir kamalifardIn order to study urban development and land use changes in subsequent periods, we also obtained land use maps and land survey data from Landsat satellite imagery and land use studies in Shahmirzad city to achieve this. Important software is ENVI 5.3, ARC.GIS10.5 and Te MoreIn order to study urban development and land use changes in subsequent periods, we also obtained land use maps and land survey data from Landsat satellite imagery and land use studies in Shahmirzad city to achieve this. Important software is ENVI 5.3, ARC.GIS10.5 and Terrset. . The results show that over the years studied, the area of horticultural, waste land has declined, and residential and human-made land use has increased. It was 2855094 square meters in 2009 and 2429144 square meters in 2019, following a downward trend. Residential and man-made land in 1999 was 360623 square meters, in 2009 it was 1264976 square meters and in 2019 it was 2495357 square meters, indicating a significant increase. . The change detection revealed that most land use conversions in 1999-2009 were related to conversion of arable land to wastewater by about 20% and from 2009 to 2019 related to conversion of arable land into residential land. With about 16%. Survey results show that in the first 10 years, about 20% of the horticultural land has become waste land and in the second 10 years about 7% of the land has become residential and human-made. Validation of the model with a kappa coefficient of 0.76 indicates that the model may have weaknesses but has acceptable ability to predict changes in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - Modifications in Green Spaces of Kerman, Using Landsat Images Time Series (2000 - 2018)
Hamid Soltaninejad Soroush Khalili Zahra Shahi Mohammad Taghi RazavianThe explosion of the population and the development of cities in the last century have caused many problems, including the destruction of agricultural lands and green spaces, which is the subject of our discussion in this study. The city of Kerman has seen rapid growth MoreThe explosion of the population and the development of cities in the last century have caused many problems, including the destruction of agricultural lands and green spaces, which is the subject of our discussion in this study. The city of Kerman has seen rapid growth in recent years in the city's physical development, with its direct reflection of the loss of green spaces in and around the city. With the help of Landsat images and comparison of land use maps, it is clear that this trend has been rising rapidly between 2000 and 2018. In this research, data gathering was done through field observations and use of Landsat satellite imagery. ENVI, ArcGIS and Google Earth softwares have been used for statistical and visual analyzes. On satellite images in the ENVI software, radiometric correction was performed using Radiometric Calibration, and then by FLAASH Atmospheric Correction, an atmospheric correction was performed to minimize the error. The results show that over the years, almost 11% have been reduced from the share of agricultural lands and wastelands and by contrast, the share of land that has been built has increased the same amount. Therefore, it is possible to make suggestions including the use of infill development for the conservation of agricultural lands, the completion of the green belt of Kerman city by the municipality, construction on the arid lands in the 2nd district of Kerman, preventing land speculation, and fully comply with the rules of comprehensive and detailed plans, especially on urban green spaces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - Evaluation Remote sensing of land use effects on land surface temperature gradient using Landsat images: Case study: Kharestan Watershed
Abbasali vali abolfazl ranjbar marzieh mokarram farideh taripanahSeveral factors affect the temperature gradient of the Land surface, one of the factors affecting human activities is land use changes that can lead to global temperature changes. Land surface temperature changes affect the natural climate of the region, so understandin MoreSeveral factors affect the temperature gradient of the Land surface, one of the factors affecting human activities is land use changes that can lead to global temperature changes. Land surface temperature changes affect the natural climate of the region, so understanding its changes and balancing it is essential to understand the indirect effects of human intervention on ecosystems and their management. The aim of this study is to investigate land use, land surface temperature characteristics in each land use as well as correlation between land surface temperature variations and normalized difference index (NDVI). In this study, land use, land temperature and NDVI analysis was used from Landsat 5TM in 1990, 2010, ETM7 2000, and 8OLI for 2017. Land use was studied using supervised classification method. The results showed that the amount of land surface temperature in each land use was different and the maximom amount was found in the bare soil and in the built areas and the lowest in the garden. The difference in land surface temperature between built areas with vegetation in the years 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2017 was 3.58, 2.27, 3.20 and 2.12 ° C, respectively. Also, the difference in temperature between bare soil with vegetation cover in these four periods was 3/3, 0.8, 0.81 and 2.38 ° C respectively. In this study, the relationship between NDVI and surface temperature showed a negative correlation, so that areas with low NDVI had higher temperatures than those with high NDVI. The relationship between vegetation changes and surface temperature changes showed a significant correlation between these two parameters (R = 0.63). Therefore, it can be stated that land uses with more vegetation have lower temperatures than land uses with less cover. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - Recognition and analysis of urban heat islands using Landsat 8 satellite image (Case example: Shiraz city)
Raha Dalaeli GholamReza Moradi Mahsa DehghanianThe expansion of urbanization has significant effects on the planet. One of the effects that people are dealing with today is global warming, which has appeared as urban heat islands. Heat islands are urban areas that are significantly warmer than the surrounding enviro MoreThe expansion of urbanization has significant effects on the planet. One of the effects that people are dealing with today is global warming, which has appeared as urban heat islands. Heat islands are urban areas that are significantly warmer than the surrounding environment. The purpose of the research is to extract the spatial-temporal changes of the thermal islands of Shiraz using satellite images and to determine the relationship between the type of land cover and its surface temperature. In this regard, first the necessary pre-processing was done to prepare a user map on the images and the changes in land cover, water, wind, vegetation and albedo and the sky visibility index of the studied area were also extracted and satellite images were prepared and interpreted in the GIS environment. The results show that point number 9 (Qasr al-Dasht gardens of Shiraz) has the lowest temperature and this shows the inverse relationship between green spaces and thermal islands. The use of remote sensing data plays an important role in the management of urban space and effectively helps city managers in urban space planning. Urban building materials have a significant effect on intensifying heat islands in such a way that the use of standard materials reduces the temperature to a large extent, and vegetation has a reducing effect and built surfaces have intensifying effects on heat islands. The pattern of spatial and temporal distribution of thermal islands is influenced by the pattern of land use distribution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Investigation and Prediction of Spatial and Temporal Land Use Changes in New Hashtgerd City by Integrating Remote Sensing Data and Cellular Automata Markov model
Sara SoukhtezariLand use changes due to the physical expansion of the city in most cities in Iran are so rapid, that urban planners and managers are facing a dynamic and complex development as they integrate the planning process in these areas. The purpose of this study is to investiga MoreLand use changes due to the physical expansion of the city in most cities in Iran are so rapid, that urban planners and managers are facing a dynamic and complex development as they integrate the planning process in these areas. The purpose of this study is to investigate land use changes and physical development of Hashtgerd city during the past 19 years and to predict land use change trends for the future. In this study, Landsat multi-time images were used. Using the support vector classification machine algorithm and the algorithm for Cross-Tab change, land use change trends over the past 19 years was evaluated. Also, using the Cellular Automata Markov prediction model, the process of land use change and physical expansion of the city is predicted for the future. The results of this study indicate the unnecessary expansion of the city over the past 19 years. So that the built-up with 736.56% growth have caused excessive destruction of agricultural and bare lands on the outskirts of the city. Investigations show that with increasing distance from land use changes have significantly reduced the amount of land use. Investigation of changes in land uses showed that 564/166 hectares of waste land has become residential land use. Predicting land use changes for 2028 and 2038 showed that residential land use will continue to increase. This highlights the need for special attention of urban planners and managers to the issue of urban development and its consequences in the region. Finally, the evaluation of the accuracy of the automated cell model showed that the percentage of classes area difference was less than 8%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Ability to prepare methods land use maps using satellite images (Case study: Kamyaran city)
saman javaheri ali asghar torahi seyed mohammad tavakoli sabourIt is important to have new land use plans in many areas, including natural resource management and land planning. Remote sensing data has a high potential for preparing up-to-date land use maps and land cover. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the methods of pre MoreIt is important to have new land use plans in many areas, including natural resource management and land planning. Remote sensing data has a high potential for preparing up-to-date land use maps and land cover. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the methods of preparing land use maps of Kamyaran city using satellite images. In this study, OLI Landsat 8 satellite sensor data for June 2018 were used. Initially, preliminary processing, including radiometric, atmospheric, and geometric corrections, was performed on raw data. ground control points were used for training, accreditation, and land use mapping. The Landuse class was identified at each point by field survey and using Google Earth images in 9 user classes of agricultural lands, forest, garden, rich pastures, medium pastures, residential areas, water area, barren lands and rocky outcrops. In the following, maximum probability, minimum distance, support vector machine and Mahanalubi distance were used for the supervised classification in ENVI 5.3 software. To evaluate the accuracy of classification methods, two criteria of general accuracy and capa coefficient were used with ground control data. The results showed that the support vector machine method was 91.4% more accurate and the Kappa coefficient was 0.88% more accurate than other methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Detection of land use changes using satellite imagery during the period 1984-2019 (Case study of Kamyaran city)
saman javaheri Ali asghar TorahiLand use change due to human activities is one of the important issues in regional and development planning. Given the advantages and capabilities of satellite data, this technology can be of great help in identifying and detecting these changes. The purpose of this stu MoreLand use change due to human activities is one of the important issues in regional and development planning. Given the advantages and capabilities of satellite data, this technology can be of great help in identifying and detecting these changes. The purpose of this study is to detect land use changes in Kamyaran city using satellite images over a period of 35 years. In this study, data from 1984 TM sensor, 2000 ETM + sensor and 2019 Landsat OLI sensor were used. Initially, preliminary preprocessions including radiometric, atmospheric and geometric corrections were performed on the raw data. Land control points were used for training, accreditation and to prepare land use map. Land use class was determined by field survey and using Google Earth images in 9 land use classes of agricultural lands, forests, gardens, rich and wooded pastures, medium rangelands, residential areas, water area, barren lands and rock outcrops. Next, the neural network method was used to monitor the images in ENVI 5.3 software. The evaluation results showed that the overall accuracy and kappa coefficient of OLI classified images are 94.3 and 0.92%, ETM + 92.6 and 0.91% and TM 90.3 and 0.87%, respectively. The results showed that forest lands and rich and wooded pastures decreased significantly during three time periods, which decreased by 11.64 and 19.12 percent, respectively. So that rich and wooded pastures have an increasing trend until 2000 and in the next period until 2019 has a decreasing trend. Residential lands, water areas and gardens increased by 2.27%, 0.57% and 3.98%, respectively. Due to the growing trend of population and urbanization, the results of this study provide the necessary information to make basic decisions in the development of management policies for planners and regional managers for the sustainability and evaluation of natural resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Effect of urban construction on the temperature of the earth's surface (case study: Sahand New City)
Firouz jafaria shiva sattarzadehFollowing the increase in population and the growth of urbanization in recent decades, natural landscapes are being transformed into human landscapes and urban open spaces are being transformed into built-up areas. The purpose of this research is the changes made in urb MoreFollowing the increase in population and the growth of urbanization in recent decades, natural landscapes are being transformed into human landscapes and urban open spaces are being transformed into built-up areas. The purpose of this research is the changes made in urban constructions and the excessive increase of buildings and their relationship with the surface temperature of the earth using Landsat satellite from 2005 to 2020 for the new city of Sahand. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method, and Global Human Settlement, Built-Up (GHSL) layers related to Landsat images of OLI/TIRS sensor in Google Earth Engine system have been used. The best results for the index of built-up complications were obtained with an accuracy rate of 79.97%, which was considered as the best method for extracting construction phenomena. While in 2010, it shows 45.32%, and the lowest rate of construction development is related to 2005, which showed 16.98%. The highest average air temperature for the LST image from 2010 to 2020 shows more than 16 degrees. In this year, the highest air temperature on the surface of the earth has coincided with the peripheral areas, built buildings and the northwestern parts of the new city of Sahand. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Land Use Planning for Urban River Margins Based on the Green City Approach (Case study: Abshooran River of Kermanshah)
Mohamadreza Farahnaki Naser Barakpur -
Open Access Article
165 - Assessing the effects of spatial land use distribution in pathway network on travel pattern of citizens (Case Study: Seventh district of Qom City)
Mahsa Mostaghim Manouchehr Tabibian Amir Gandomkar Shirin ToghyaniEvery day, millions of urbanists have contacts with the pedestrian and vehicled networks and various types of transportation and use urban transportation to meet a range of occupational, educational, shopping, recreational, and other needs; Not all of these have the sam MoreEvery day, millions of urbanists have contacts with the pedestrian and vehicled networks and various types of transportation and use urban transportation to meet a range of occupational, educational, shopping, recreational, and other needs; Not all of these have the same pattern in every urban districts and they are subject to various factors and variables. A bunch of these factors is subject to the spatial configuration elements, one of the most important of which is the configuration of land use in pathway network, which has been investigated in this study. Through studies of this field, one can assess the possible consequences of land use deployment on citizens’ travel pattern and determine how they should be distributed when promoting a sustainable travel pattern. For this purpose, the seventh district of Qom city has been studied as the Central Business District (C. B. D). The research process is descriptive-analytic and library and field studies are used to collect information. To analyze the data and test the hypotheses, Pearson correlation test and accordingly the multivariable regression analysis was implemented and computer software such as Gis, Spss Depth Map was used. The findings of the research indicate that there is a meaningful relationship between the urban travel pattern and the pattern of land use in the city and the study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - Land Use and the Efficiency of Transportation Laws with Regard to Air Pollution in Tehran Metropolitan Area
Vahid Moshfeghi Gholamreza Haghighat Naeini Mitra Habibi -
Open Access Article
167 - Applying the Land Use-Transportation Integrated Model, Using the Most Effective Sustainable Urban Variables Case study: part of the district 22 of city of Tehran
Pantea Lotfi Kazemi Manouchehr Tabibian -
Open Access Article
168 - Analysis of the impact of urbanization growth on land use change in Tehran using system dynamics approach
Leila Nasrolahi Vosta Mohammad Reza JalilvandRapid urbanization has led to changes in land use in urban areas. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of urbanization on land use change in Tehran using systemic thinking in order to gain a better understanding of the consequences of urbanization. MoreRapid urbanization has led to changes in land use in urban areas. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of urbanization on land use change in Tehran using systemic thinking in order to gain a better understanding of the consequences of urbanization. The city is a complex, open, and dynamic system, the study of which requires an interdisciplinary approach. The system dynamics approach provides these requirements to address the city. Therefore, a dynamic model will be designed, which will be quantitatively evaluated using the system dynamics approach. This study showed that with the increase in the population of Tehran, the use of agricultural and open land gradually changed until 1404 and it is predicted that the land used for construction will increase. This is the first study that examines the relationship between the phenomenon of urbanization and land use change in Tehran metropolis and is innovative in this respect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - Spatial Analysis passenger terminal of Ilam and determine the suitable zone to provide the desired pattern using methods AHP and GIS
پاکزاد ازادخانی فروزان ابراهیمیThis study has been conducted with the aim of Spatial Analysis of Ilam passenger terminal because selection of suitable sites for an activity in the city is a massive decision which requires research in that place from different perspectives. Inappropriate placement of MoreThis study has been conducted with the aim of Spatial Analysis of Ilam passenger terminal because selection of suitable sites for an activity in the city is a massive decision which requires research in that place from different perspectives. Inappropriate placement of terminals in the city not only has negative effect on traffic network and bus network but also will have deleterious effects on the structure of city and urban context. This is important in cities, such as Ilam that has a large amount of population that enter it or exit. So in this research identifying effective factors to achieve sustainable development of terminals is notable. This research is descriptive-analytic. To analyze the data, the combination of geographic information system (GIS) and analytic Hierarchy (AHP) was used. The results of the study show that in locating Ilam's bus terminal, the necessary criteria and norms include the body criterion which is in really good condition(0.462), the social-economic criterion in good condition(0.380) and environmental criterion which is in relatively good condition (0.158). The results also showed that Ilam passenger terminals position is quite favorable and is located in appropriate zone and there are appropriate areas as desired patterns for passenger terminals in Ilam Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - Change of the physical development of the city of Rasht and the surrounding land evaluation land use changes with satellite images
issar noraisefat sajad nazari Saeed karimiSpread unplanned urban areas of serious environmental problems such as water pollution, loss of green space, increased air pollution and created. The monitoring of changes in urban areas and assess changes in land use in the study of urban planning and sustainable devel MoreSpread unplanned urban areas of serious environmental problems such as water pollution, loss of green space, increased air pollution and created. The monitoring of changes in urban areas and assess changes in land use in the study of urban planning and sustainable development is important. This study aimed to evaluate the growth of Rasht and identification of land use changes for future decisions, using satellite images taken between 1986 and 2014. For this purpose, using Landsat images (1986-2000-2014) and classified using maximum likelihood techniques and detection of changes in method of comparison after classification, urban sprawl and land use changes in the review period. Using Marklasyk the urban sprawl and land use changes and the main directions of development of the city was calculated. The results of this study from 1986 to 2014 about 3188 hectares in size urban areas added to the expansion of 3153 hectares of orchards and agricultural land, and 35 hectares of rice fields were destroyed. Meanwhile, about 170 hectares of rice and 108 hectares of rice paddies, orchards and agricultural lands to orchards and agricultural land use change data. Check expansion of the city in different directions also indicate the highest growth in the North and North East and South and South West have taken place. Growth in the triangular tabs around town show the main roads in the city of Rasht. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - Determination of the effective factors in prediction of traffic created from urban applications. (Sample item, Neyshabur)
Rostam Saberifar Ahmad KhaderianThe purpose of this paper was to determination of the effective factors in prediction of traffic created from urban applications in Neyshabour. This study has been performed by descriptive in the form of correlation of prediction. Field data has been gathered, in case o MoreThe purpose of this paper was to determination of the effective factors in prediction of traffic created from urban applications in Neyshabour. This study has been performed by descriptive in the form of correlation of prediction. Field data has been gathered, in case of a questionnaire. The case study in poll section determine 60 person in basis of Morgan chart that were separated into two groups in each 30 persons between employees in urban administration and other people. Data that gathered in this way analyzed by use of spss. The results showed that number of employees in each land use or its functions, has undeniable role in increasing the scale of traffic production (P= 0/000), but other noted factors can’t predict it however urban lists are related to the scale of traffic production. The number of employees in each land use is also clarified in this research. We can say that urban administration have to estimate any amount of traffic before getting any license for land use change or localization and specific performance and also estimate its effect over the entire transport ion net . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - The comparison pattern of landuse ,Sprawl and smart growth in Sustainable Development (Isfahan municipality : Isfahan’s eleven zone)
Mehri Azani Rasoul ParvareshBy increasing speedy population on third word cities emerge of lack of planning in suit exploit to land use,and lack of planning in suit exploit to land use,and lack of pay attention in basic land use make to damages for general health and life invironment, In which mos MoreBy increasing speedy population on third word cities emerge of lack of planning in suit exploit to land use,and lack of planning in suit exploit to land use,and lack of pay attention in basic land use make to damages for general health and life invironment, In which most of advocators in general health, recommended, smarth growth as a power key for solving sprawl land use,that have common aims on land use method,that means to create sustainable form and city activities. The research basic aims,to study sprawl methods,smart growth , and choice of sustainable pattern of land use. Research method use in this search, according to aim of application opration, and based on quiddity with type of descriptive and analyzing by using Anthropy model and Heldern method. Result of this project shows smart growth method has efficeny than sprawl, and Isfahan eleven's zone hasn't smart growth method.physical growth on sustainable development crossing to sprawl growth and continue to smart growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - Modeling land use map locations to produce a maps of noise pollution; (Case Study: Yasouj)
Alireza Parvizian Hajar Ahmadi Said amanpour Abdulmutallab derakhshanThe absence of abnormal noise and acoustic comfort in the workplace and people's lives . No sound and acoustic comfort in the environment can harm people's mental imbalance; The main objective of this research modeling land use map locations to produce a maps of noise p MoreThe absence of abnormal noise and acoustic comfort in the workplace and people's lives . No sound and acoustic comfort in the environment can harm people's mental imbalance; The main objective of this research modeling land use map locations to produce a maps of noise pollution is Yasouj. This study is descriptive and analytical in nature and in terms of purpose. Library and field study, no data were collected to determine the spatial distribution of land adjacent to extract acoustic comfort Map of the location database was used. In this study, the main variable is the distance as the basis for assessing the compatibility or incompatibility of establishment is from the perspective of proximity and vicinity. To analyze the information, software (Excel and GIS) is used. The model used in the analysis (FAHP) is a survey of five experts. Data analysis showed that among the four districts, the two most contaminated area and the area in between the four lowest infection is Yasouj areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - An Analysis of Land Use Changing and Opportunities, Obstacles to Growth and Urban Development (Case Study: Zabol City)
Mohsen Ahadnejad ashraf azimzadeh irani saeid najafyThe main purpose of this research is to analyze the process of land use change and evaluate the opportunities and obstacles to the progress and growth of Zabol city. For this purpose, ETM, TIRS and OLI Landsat 5,7 and 8 satellite images were selected for the period of 1 MoreThe main purpose of this research is to analyze the process of land use change and evaluate the opportunities and obstacles to the progress and growth of Zabol city. For this purpose, ETM, TIRS and OLI Landsat 5,7 and 8 satellite images were selected for the period of 1395-1365.Then the indicators were extracted in two groups of internal and external factors according to Delphi experts.The results showed that in Zabol City most land use changes were made in the agricultural land area due to population increase and the need for housing and other urban needs. So, during the29 years of study, the lands constructed from 2578.10hectares in1365 reached 3419.92 hectares in1394.Also,the results of the Heldron model in Zabol City showed that around85% of the city's physical growth in the years 1365- 1394 was related to population growth and15% growth,related to the horizontal and sparse growth of the city, which reduced the density Gross population and an increase in per capita gross urban land. Zabol city was weak in terms of internal and external factors, but its severity was higher in external factors,but due to serious threats,Zabol city was in weak condition and its strategy was defensive. Thus, it can be said that the development of Zabol in the year1394-1365 is unbalanced, which indicates the landless changes in agricultural lands that need to guide,grow and develop the city with desirable programs.In other words,in addition to meeting the requirements of housing and other services needed by cities,they would prevent unnecessary construction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - Environmental Assessment of Land Use Due to Dust in the Last Three Decades Using Remote Sensing Technique and CA Markov Model Case Study of Ahvaz
Yaha Abdolkarim Nisi mohammadebrahim afifi Marzieh MogholiOne of the environmental problems is the air pollution index, the most important index of which is the volume of suspended particles in the atmosphere, and in the southern and western cities of the country in recent years has increased significantly. The aim of this stu MoreOne of the environmental problems is the air pollution index, the most important index of which is the volume of suspended particles in the atmosphere, and in the southern and western cities of the country in recent years has increased significantly. The aim of this study was to monitor land use changes due to fine dust in the last three decades using remote sensing and CA-Markov in Ahvaz. The research method was field-analytical. After conducting preliminary studies and preparing appropriate satellite images, they were analyzed and evaluated with different amounts of educational samples and according to ground surveys. The images used were Landsat 7, 5 and 8 satellite images of 2000, 2010 and 2020, respectively. The classification was performed by artificial neural network method and the accuracy of the classification was evaluated and the prediction map of the study area was prepared using the CA-Markov model. The classification results showed that the lands built in 2000 increased from 10637.34 to 10925.76 hectares in 2010 and its area increased to 288.42 hectares. From 2000 to 2010, the green space increased from 1275.41 hectares to 1279.99, ie 58.4 hectares, due to the planting of hand-planted trees during these years to deal with fine dust. These changes have been decreasing from 2010 to 2020 and its area changes have increased from 1279.99 hectares to 1120.49, ie 159.50 area has been reduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - Evaluation of soil loss rate in land uses of Nirchai watershed using RUSLE model and Landsat satellite images (OLI)
mousa Abedini AmirHesam Pasban Behrouz Nezafat takleThe purpose of this research is to evaluate the amount of soil loss in the land uses of the Nirchai watershed using the RUSLE model in Ardabil province. In order to carry out this research, first, the satellite image of the studied area related to the year 1400 and the MoreThe purpose of this research is to evaluate the amount of soil loss in the land uses of the Nirchai watershed using the RUSLE model in Ardabil province. In order to carry out this research, first, the satellite image of the studied area related to the year 1400 and the month of June was received from the American Geological Research Center, and after atmospheric and radiometric corrections, a land use map was prepared using the supervised classification method using the support vector machine method. Then the RUSLE model was used to estimate the erosion rate. SPSS 21, Excel, ArcGIS 5.4, Archydro and ENVI 5.3 software were used to analyze and produce maps in this research. RUSLE model parameter layer includes rain erosion layer, soil layer, topography layer, vegetation layer and soil protection factor as well as various statistics related to rain gauge stations, hydrometry, topographic maps 1:50000, geology 1:100000 as well as DEM (20 meters area) and GIS geographic information system and remote sensing have been used. The results of this study showed that the average amount of annual soil erosion for the whole basin ranges from 0.5 to 14.25 tons per hectare per year. Also, the investigation of the regression relationships between the factors of RUSLE model and the amount of annual soil erosion showed that the topography factor (LS) with the highest value of the coefficient of determination R^2=0.93 is the most important in estimating the annual soil erosion using the RUSLE model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - Investigating the Effect of Land Use Change on Soil Erosion and Sediment Yield in Razeychay Watershed During Past 20 Years
Mousa Abedini Farydeh Bahramnia Gojabeiglo Raoof Mostafazadeh AmirHesam PasbanSoil erosion is a global problem that threatens water and soil resources and land use change is one of the important factors in soil erosion intensification. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of land use change on soil erosion in Razeychay watershed of Me MoreSoil erosion is a global problem that threatens water and soil resources and land use change is one of the important factors in soil erosion intensification. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of land use change on soil erosion in Razeychay watershed of Meshginshahr located in Ardabil province. First, Landsat images of the study area in May 1999, and 2019 and were obtained from USGS website. In the image processing stage, atmospheric and radiometric corrections have been conducted, and then the land use maps of the study area has been prepared for study years using support vector machine (SVM) as a supervised classification method. Then, the RUSLE model was used to estimate the amount of erosion in the two time span. SPSS, Excel, Arc GIS 5.4, Archydro and ENVI 5.3 software were used to spatial analysis and data processing.The results showed that, rangeland, irrigated farming and bare lands have decreased during the last twenty years. While, the extent of dry farming and residential area have increased. Meanwhile, the highest change is related to dry farming (an increase of 27.69 hectares). According to the results of erosion modeling, the rate of erosion from 1999 to 2019 has decreased from 6.49 to 6.46 tons per hectare per year. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - An Analysis of the Threat Network and Flood Risk Ring in Land Use Vulnerability with an Approach to Passive Defense and Urban Resilience (Case Study: Ravansar City)
Kioumars Maleki Abbas Malek Hosseini Eghbal Pahkideh Younes MalekiIn any crisis, a set of factors increase the risk of critical effects and make it difficult to control the crisis. In fact, passive defense as a logical insight and an important tool to prevent potential threats and provide individual and group security, security Demogr MoreIn any crisis, a set of factors increase the risk of critical effects and make it difficult to control the crisis. In fact, passive defense as a logical insight and an important tool to prevent potential threats and provide individual and group security, security Demographic centers and equipment-sensitive facilities and crisis vulnerability reduction are used.The present study, which is an analysis of the threat network and flood risk ring in land use vulnerability with an approach to passive defense and urban resilience in Ravansar, deals with the impact of deployment and optimization of land uses and the strategic role of passive defense in urban resilience. The type of research in this article is descriptive-analytical according to the nature of the subject. The results show that in case of floods in Ravansar, the most vulnerable will be in Gol Sefid neighborhood. The formation of a part of the neighborhood in the river bed and characteristics such as rural texture with high population density, impenetrable, fine-grained and failure to follow any principles of urban construction has increased the vulnerability of this place. Also, Bahar, Behdari and Boulevard neighborhoods have high flood potential and less resilience due to the low slope and high water table and location in the source of Sarab Ravansar and the junction of Asem Abad rivers from the west side and Khashkehrood from the northeast side. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Investigation of the Effect of Land Use Change on Runoff of Qarachai River Basin Using HEC-HMS Models
Sayyad Asghari Saraskanrood Alireza SaeidiIn recent decades, land use change under the influence of environmental and human factors has caused serious effects on the environment, economy and society. Hydrological models are a simplified representation of the actual hydrological system that studies the operation MoreIn recent decades, land use change under the influence of environmental and human factors has caused serious effects on the environment, economy and society. Hydrological models are a simplified representation of the actual hydrological system that studies the operation of the basin, so model selection requires recognizing the capabilities and limitations of hydrological models in the basin. In the present study, the analysis of land use changes and its effect on runoff in Qara-Chay basin was performed using HEC-HMS models. In order to investigate land use changes on the impact on basin runoff changes, the 2020 annual rainfall of the basin with 2001 land use characteristics was introduced to the model. The results related to land use changes show that the most changes in land use include changes related to land without vegetation in a decreasing manner and a mixture of irrigated and rainfed agriculture in an increasing manner. In the simulation of Gharachai catchment basin in HEC-HMS model, calibration of the basin in six sub-basins based on runoff peak, runoff height and runoff volume was examined. 94% and in the runoff peak element with 95.12% and in the runoff volume element with 97.5% show the correct implementation of the model on the basin. Therefore, it can be said that land use change in Qarachai catchment has increased the peak and volume of runoff and ultimately has led to an increase in runoff in this basin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - Monitoring of Land Surface Temperature and Analysis of Recovered Temperature in Land Use Surface in Parsabad, Moghan Using ETM and OLI Sensor Images
Batool Zeinali Shahnaz Panahi Shirin MahdavianThe temperature of the land surface is one of the most key parameters that can provide valuable information about the physical characteristics of the earth's surface and the surrounding air. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating and evaluating the la MoreThe temperature of the land surface is one of the most key parameters that can provide valuable information about the physical characteristics of the earth's surface and the surrounding air. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating and evaluating the land surface temperature and analyzing it in relation to land use by the separate window algorithm in Parsabad city with two Landsat 5 and 8 satellite images for August 24, 1990 and 2020. The results showed that in the years 1990 and 2020, generally the western and northwestern parts of the city have forest covers and relatively dense vegetation, while the southwestern parts are generally mountainous and barren. The vegetation index of 1990 and 2020 in the eastern parts of the studied area has an NDVI index higher than 0.3, which indicates medium to high density vegetation. The maximum vegetation index in the range reached 0.55 in August, which is generally related to garden and agricultural lands or dense forest areas in the north and northeast of the range. On the other hand, large parts of Parsabad city, especially in the south and southwest of this city, lack vegetation and are considered barren lands. Also, the results of the land surface temperature evaluation showed that the retrieved spatial average temperature of the earth surface on August 24, 1990, which was obtained at 11:30 local time using the separate window algorithm, was 31.8 degrees Celsius in Parsabad city. While this temperature on this day and at this time in 2020 was equal to 33 degrees Celsius. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - On the Current Changes of Votes Between 1989 and 2019 Changes and Predicting the Changes Using Remote Sensing and CA-Markov and LCM Models
Behroz Sadayn Mohammad Ebrahim AfifiLand use change has acted as a pivotal factor in environmental change and has become a global threat. Reviewing these changes through satellite imagery and predicting and evaluating their potential through modeling can help environmental planners and natural resource ma MoreLand use change has acted as a pivotal factor in environmental change and has become a global threat. Reviewing these changes through satellite imagery and predicting and evaluating their potential through modeling can help environmental planners and natural resource managers to make informed decisions. The purpose of this study was to review, model, and predict land use changes in the 30-year period of 1993-2013 by the Markow-LCM chain model in Kangan and Assaluyeh. For this purpose, land use maps were prepared using ETM +, TM and OLI satellite imagery in three periods of 1993, 2003, and 2013. Then verifying the maps and detecting the changes. Using the classification of the neural network and applying the Land Change Modeler (LCM Markov model) and the Land Use Change Modeling Approach have been implemented. The results of detection of changes in the first period with a kappa coefficient of 97% and the second period of 1993-2003 with a kappa coefficient of 94% indicate that the largest changes in the area in the water area and the largest decrease in the area in the vegetation area occurred. In order to calibrate the Markov chain model, the 2013 map was predicted and the error mapping matrix of the 2013 map reference model and mapping utilization yielded a copper coefficient of 93%. The results of modeling the transfer force using the artificial neural network in most of the sub-models The high accuracy was 60-93%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - Determining Criteria and Measuring Resilience Status of Urban Land Use in District 22 of Tehran
Elnaz Rezaie Esmail Salehi Akramomolok Lahijanian Amirhoshang EhsaniAs of late, the city's quick development has caused numerous urban issues. One of these critical issues in urban areas is the absence of readiness in case of catastrophes in metropolitan territories. So as to stay away from this, the estimation and investigation of urba MoreAs of late, the city's quick development has caused numerous urban issues. One of these critical issues in urban areas is the absence of readiness in case of catastrophes in metropolitan territories. So as to stay away from this, the estimation and investigation of urban land use avalanche is vital. The general target of this paper is to get successful factors in the degree of urban land use debasement and decide the significance of every one of the criteria and pointers of the territory. 22 urban communities of Tehran are the natural region. The examination technique for this exploration is diagnostic distinct and its temperament is appropriate. In this paper, hypothetical establishments were first presented through the gathering of data and narrative examinations. In the accompanying, to decide the degree of land use debasement, strength criteria dependent on the Delphi approach and the investigation of past examinations were resolved. At that point, with the assistance of 20 employees and specialists gaining practical experience in urban arranging and the board, a couple of markers were looked at. So as to assess and finish the versatility of the FAHP technique, the GIS framework has been utilized. The aftereffects of the exploration demonstrate that the mean auxiliary, characteristic basic, basic, financial, social spatial-utilitarian flexibility is 0.54, 0.20, 0.069 and 0.193 individually. At last, the evaluation and appraisal from region 22 demonstrated that the territory is tolerably unobtrusive Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - Evaluation of land use changes and its effect on surface albedo and surface temperature Case study: Cities from Sari to Chalous
Abbas Ebrahimi Taher Safarrad Gholamreza janbazghobadiLand use change in cities leads to changes in surface temperature and surface albedo. Surface albedo plays an important role in land surface energy budget and climate. This article examines the land use changes and its effect on the surface albedo and surface temperatur MoreLand use change in cities leads to changes in surface temperature and surface albedo. Surface albedo plays an important role in land surface energy budget and climate. This article examines the land use changes and its effect on the surface albedo and surface temperature. For this purpose, 3 satellite images of Landsat 5 and 8 were used for August, 1998, 2010 and 2017 in the area of Sari to Chalus cities. The Sabal algorithm was used to extract the surface temperature and surface albedo. Urban thermal characteristics were analyzed by examining the relationships between land surface temperature (LST) and two indices, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI). The results of this research confirm the inverse and significant relationship between LST and NDVI and the direct and significant relationship between LST and each of the variables Albedo and NDBI. On the other hand, during the years 1978 to 2017, built-Up area that form impervious surfaces have been replaced by natural and permeable surfaces, in other words, a decrease in NDVI and an increase in NDBI and Albedo have been observed in the studied area. The surface of the earth has been manifested in cities. Also, the correlation between NDVI and LST is rather weak, but there is a strong positive correlation between albedo, NDBI and LST. The increase in construction in cities has led to an increase in albedo and the subsequent increase in surface temperature due to the increase in impervious surfaces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - Explaining the effects of changes in rural land use in Astana-Asharfieh County
rahim shoghi Nasrollah MolaeiHashjin Timor AmarToday, discussions and concerns about land use changes in rural society have been seriously considered. The main purpose of this research is to identify the influencing factors on land use changes in the villages of Astane Ashrafieh County. In the first part of the rese MoreToday, discussions and concerns about land use changes in rural society have been seriously considered. The main purpose of this research is to identify the influencing factors on land use changes in the villages of Astane Ashrafieh County. In the first part of the research, Landsat satellite images were used to investigate land use changes. In the second part, factors affecting land use changes were analyzed using statistical analysis. Based on this, 28 villages of the County were studied as a case study. The research method was descriptive-analytical.Questionnaire technique was used to collect data and statistical methods were used to analyze data. The results showed that among the independent economic indicators, the benefits of investing in the land and housing sector had the strongest correlation and relationship with land use changes. Among the independent social indicators, the indicators of the role of the owners of the second house in the village and the increase in the number of residential tourists and the need for land for construction had the strongest correlation and connection with land use changes. Among independent physical indicators, tourism in the study area had the highest correlation and relationship with land use changes. Correlation analysis between independent institutional-management indicators and land use changes showed that indicators of the weakness of executive bodies in informing agricultural land owners about the type of land use and the prohibition of land use changes had the highest correlation and a very strong relationship with land use changes in the village. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - Assessing the relationship between urban land use and thermal islands, Case study: Yazd desert city
کمال امیدوار کمال امیدوار سعیده موید فر سعیده موید فر مهران فاطمی مهران فاطمی مهدی نارنگی فرد مهدی نارنگی فردUrban thermal islands are one of the most common urban climatic phenomena in which some urban areas, especially urban centers, are several degrees warmer than the surrounding areas. The study of this phenomenon and its mechanism of study is very important for urban plan MoreUrban thermal islands are one of the most common urban climatic phenomena in which some urban areas, especially urban centers, are several degrees warmer than the surrounding areas. The study of this phenomenon and its mechanism of study is very important for urban planning. This research has been applied in terms of analytical method and in terms of purpose and has been done with the aim of investigating the effect of applications on the temperature of Yazd desert city. To illustrate this relationship, images from the 2005 and 2015 Terra satellites measuring the Aster were used. The results of the studies show that the physical expansion of the city of Yazd in different historical periods, has led to the advancement of this city in the marginal salt and sand surfaces, so that construction and asphalt areas, increase and areas Salt and sand and barren lands on the outskirts of the city have declined. As a result, most of the thermal islands of Yazd city have been formed in marginal areas and barren lands. In this regard, there is a negative correlation between the two variables of vegetation and land surface temperature during the 10-year period, which indicates that the size of the heat islands has increased as the green space decreases Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - The relationship between morphometric parameters and land use in Sardab and Bidsobhan watershed- Fars Province
Saeid Negahban Marzieh MakramWatershed morphometric features a huge impact on its land use, so that in addition to being somewhat rugged topography and steep river basin are defining characteristics of microclimate, based on land use type, vegetation and soil are also effective. This research is ai MoreWatershed morphometric features a huge impact on its land use, so that in addition to being somewhat rugged topography and steep river basin are defining characteristics of microclimate, based on land use type, vegetation and soil are also effective. This research is aimed to investigate the relationship between land use features and morphometric parameters in Sardab and Bidsobhan watershed in the northeastern of Fars province's. Morphometric parameters such as slope, elevation, landform and vegetation index NDVI were examined in the study area. Landsat 8 satellite imagery, Landsat ETM (2015) was used to extract the vegetation index NDVI. As well as to determine the Elevation, landforms and slope of the digital elevation model (DEM) was used ASTER. After mapping the slope and elevation and landforms of the area using topographic position indicator (TPI), Each of the morphometric parameters and units relationship between land use in the study. The results showed that most of the working pile and seeding, the medium-term grazing and agriculture in Class 1, Class 10 and 9 respectively in the protected area and garden is located. While the lowest seed landforms units and protected area in Class 6, Class 2 Units pile of work and medium-term grazing and agricultural and garden plants, respectively located in Grades 4 and 9. The maximum amount of dip in units Protection Zone (45/24) and the lowest in a pile of work and seeding (375/0) . The results showed that the maximum amount of DEM per enclosure medium term (3853 m) and the lowest in a pile of work and seeding (2539 m). The maximum and minimum NDVI values at a pile of work of the unit that represents the vegetation in the study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - Comparison of different methods with common method of producing land use/cover maps of natural resources studies (Case Study, Ghoshchi watershed, Urmia)
ardavan ghorbani Azad Kakehmami Mahmood Mohamad hasanpoor Farnoosh Aslami sahar ghafari Arash Raufi masolePrivate companies as consulting engineers play important role to the study of natural resources. Land use map is one of the information generated in the studies by the consulting engineer that the accuracy of this information is effective on the final results, expenditu MorePrivate companies as consulting engineers play important role to the study of natural resources. Land use map is one of the information generated in the studies by the consulting engineer that the accuracy of this information is effective on the final results, expenditures spending on the natural resources and future projects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capability of the visual interpretation of images from Google Earth (GE) in comparison with the map, which was produced by consulting engineers and object-based interpretation of Landsat images as a new and low-cost method for land use /cover mapping in the natural resources studies of Iran. For this purpose, the land use/cover map provided by consulting engineers (2007) was compared with land use maps, which was produced using object-based method of TM Image (2007) with eCognition software and GE images (visual interpretation) with ArcGIS software (2009) in terms of accuracy assessment results. Overall accuracy and Kappa of the land use/cover maps using GE images were 0.99 % and 0.99, and Overall accuracy and Kappa of consultant engineers and object-based method based on Landsat image were calculated 59% and 0.32, and 89% and 86%, respectively. Result of the study demonstrated the high capability of the GE images in land use/cover mapping. Overall, the map generated from the GE image has higher accuracy in comparison with the other two maps, and the map produced by the consultant engineers with the low Kappa coefficient was unacceptable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - land use change modeling using LCM module (Case study: NEKA region)
seyede massoomeh fathollahi roudbary Kamran Nasirahmadi mehrdad khanmohamadiLand use/cover changes, especially human urbanization Cause destruction of natural habitats and threaten biodiversity. Regularly, Land use/cover models are one the most important methods for evaluating this trend. The objective of this study is the investigation of land MoreLand use/cover changes, especially human urbanization Cause destruction of natural habitats and threaten biodiversity. Regularly, Land use/cover models are one the most important methods for evaluating this trend. The objective of this study is the investigation of land use/cover change and modeling in the Neka city using Land Change Modeler (LCM). Landsat TM (١٩٨8), ETM+ (٢٠٠2), and OLI (2016) data was used for land use/cover classification and change. In addition, transition potential modeling was conducted using an artificial neural network. In this method, 5 sub-models and 9 variables were used. Then calibration period (1988-2002) was used by Markov chain and hard prediction for extrapolating the 2016 land use/cover changes. Finally, land use/cover maps for 2002 and 2016 were used for land use/cover map extending prediction to the year 2030. The accuracy assessment of model was conducted by Error Matrix. The results of this study showed the annual rate of decline in the forest was 2297 Hectare during the period 1988-2016. The biggest changes were in the conversion of forest lands to agriculture. Modeling results using artificial neural network also showed acceptable accuracy (69%). The results of modeling for 2030 also showed that the area of the forest is decreasing, Agricultural lands and urban areas are increasing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - The effect of grassland conversion to the other agricultural uses on some soil physicochemical properties (Case Study: Watershed Basin of Amameh)
Mohammad PichandThe change of rangeland to agricultural lands has serious effects on the amount of soil organic matter and physico- chemical characteristics. This study was conducted to investigating the effects of rangeland conversion into agricultural land use on soil properties in A MoreThe change of rangeland to agricultural lands has serious effects on the amount of soil organic matter and physico- chemical characteristics. This study was conducted to investigating the effects of rangeland conversion into agricultural land use on soil properties in Amameh watershed (Tehran province). Four land use types were selected including rangeland, fallow, orchard and agricultural lands. Soil sampling was carried out as random systematic method (three repeat for each land use) from 0-30 cm depths. Some soil properties such as pH, electrical conductivity, calcium carbonate, sodium, Saturation, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, carbon and gravel were measured. Statistical analysis were also performed on the data and the results showed that changing land use from rangeland to agricultural lands, fallow and orchard did not show any significant changes on pH, Mg and Na; whereas electrical conductivity, gravel, calcium carbonate, Saturation, carbon, potassium and phosphorus showed significant changes due to the land use change. The results revealed that by changing land use from rangeland to other use types the amounts of calcium carbonate, phosphorous, potassium and gravel have decreased, more obviously in fallow and agricultural lands. In addition, soil carbon increased, this was due to land-use conversion from rangeland to orchard and agriculture. Moreover, electrical conductivity, Saturation, potassium, phosphorus and carbon in the orchard were significantly higher than the other land uses. Generally, results of this study showed that changing land use had significant effect on the soil properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - Monitoring of land use / cover changes using change drastically, degree of dynamic and post classification comparison
mohammad zare teimur teimurian mohammad Hasan JouriEarth is one of the primary sources of natural that by land use is transformed. Land use is a natural process and it cannot be stopped but it can be controlled. Population increase and urbanization growth are one of the most important challenges of land use management. MoreEarth is one of the primary sources of natural that by land use is transformed. Land use is a natural process and it cannot be stopped but it can be controlled. Population increase and urbanization growth are one of the most important challenges of land use management. Land use mapping and checking the trend of change is one of the most essential information needed for manage natural resources. In this study, for mapping land use changes in Nour city were used of Landsat TM images relating to the years 1986, 2000 and 2013 during a period of 28 years. In this study, the maximum likelihood method and GIS was used to classify images. As well as to evaluate the intensity and trend of land use changes, post classification comparison, of, severity index and dynamics degree index methods were used for changes monitoring in land use. Results showed the greatest changes of land use in Nour region is related to the conversion of cropland class to urban class, so that the changes trend for forest and agriculture lands use has been negative and for residential land use has been positive and extent of the residential areas has been increased Fivefold from 1986 to 2013 as the maximum changes in the suburb. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - Comparison of different classification algorithms in Landsat OLI imagery to produce land use maps (Case study: Beheshte Gomshode region)
mohammad kazemi ahmad nohegar Mirdad MirdadiAll necessary information from the remote sensing technology basics and accurate classification of satellite images. Land use mapping is one of the key factors in studies of environment and natural resources management. Mapping land use is often one of the most expensiv MoreAll necessary information from the remote sensing technology basics and accurate classification of satellite images. Land use mapping is one of the key factors in studies of environment and natural resources management. Mapping land use is often one of the most expensive parts of natural resources and environmental projects. Satellite data is one of the fastest and most cost-effective methods for mapping land use that is available for researchers. In recent years, researchers from the different methods of classification algorithms land use maps have been produced using this data. This study investigated the ability of 8 common algorithms for land use mapping by Beheshte Gomshodeh in Fars province Using data from the Landsat OLI sensor is 2015. The results showed that the ML and SVM classification by 98.98 and 98.73% overall accuracy factor and 98.41 and 98.09% kappa coefficient is better than other methods, respectively. The accuracy of the order of priority 8 that is, Maximum likelihood, Support Vector Mashine, Mahalanobis distance, Spectral information divergence, Spectral angle mapper, Minimum distance from the mean, binary code and parallel piped. Method of maximum likelihood classification with98.83 was the highest confidence in level of 1 percent confidence interval. All the research results of this study can be using the correct classification. Land use maps can be extracted with higher accuracy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - The Role Evaluation of Land Use on Changes of Ground Water Quality in Lajan Watershed
Rahman Mahmood Hasan Mahmood Habibnezhad Roshan Leila GholamiThe land use cause the changes in water quality and therefore this study, the changes study of land use in years from 2002 to 2016 in Lajan watershed of the southern province of West Azerbaijan created using Landsat 5 and 8 and satellite images of TM and OIL and also GI MoreThe land use cause the changes in water quality and therefore this study, the changes study of land use in years from 2002 to 2016 in Lajan watershed of the southern province of West Azerbaijan created using Landsat 5 and 8 and satellite images of TM and OIL and also GIS. The results showed that the rangeland and rain-fed land area decreased about 135.05 and 26.16 km2, respectively, but the area of irrigated agriculture, residential land and garden land increased with amount of 112.75, 28 and of 20.37 km2, respectively. Then, 22 pits for water resources quality of underground in years 2002 and 2016 selected for the study of land use change and parameters of chemical quality including residual salts, pH, electrical conductivity, bicarbonate, chloride, sulfate, magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, and sodium adsorption ratio total hardness. The concentration of main ions and concentration of soluble salts measured by standard methods. Finally, the effective parameters on studied samples quality and water resources quality of underground evaluated for different applications in two years. The results showed that the water resources of underground in Lajan watershed had bicarbonate type. The Wilcox diagram showed that the more samples in the favorable category were for agricultural section and Schuler diagram also stated that the water resources of underground were in range of good to excellent for drinking application. Also, the results showed that the water quality changes did not depended to land use changes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - Assessing suitability of lands for multipurpose uses in the present and future(Ilgane watershed, East Azerbaijan)
Saghar ChakherlouOne of the ways to increase the production per unit area or in other words the optimal land use is to identify the production capacity of each land and choose the appropriate use for its production capacity. To achieve this goal, evaluating land suitability and determin MoreOne of the ways to increase the production per unit area or in other words the optimal land use is to identify the production capacity of each land and choose the appropriate use for its production capacity. To achieve this goal, evaluating land suitability and determining production potential is a suitable way of working. The capability of the lands of Ilgane Warzeghan area with an area of 20965 hectares was done in order to identify and separate all the types, units and components of the land units and to specify the land limits of this area. The boundaries of land types, units and components of land units were determined based on the physiographic standard of the Soil and Water Research Institute, and then preliminary interpretive maps were prepared. In field studies, 1:50000and1:25000topographical maps of the region were used, and various maps such as land classification and aptitude, land use and land suitability were prepared on a scale of 1:25000. The results showed, 3 Land unit brigade (mountain, hill, river sedimentary plain), 3 land units (1.1, 2.1, and 5.1) and10land unit components (1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3, 1.2. 1, 1.3.1, 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.2.1, 2.2.2, 5.1.1) were identified in the study area were classified. Soils have limitations such as low and high elevation, slope, water erosion, rock outcrops, soil depth and gravel and stony for use. Among the factors that threaten the resources and lands of this region, we can mention the lack of proper land management, indiscriminate and uncontrolled grazing, and soil erosion Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - Determining Mathematical relationship between Sediment delivery ratio and Watershed Factors
Masoud Nasri ali najafiAbstract In watershed studies, erosion and sedimentation is very important. Sediment yield is different I different watersheds. Sediment yield is influenced by different climatic, topographic and anthropogenic factors. This study aims to represent a mathematical relatio MoreAbstract In watershed studies, erosion and sedimentation is very important. Sediment yield is different I different watersheds. Sediment yield is influenced by different climatic, topographic and anthropogenic factors. This study aims to represent a mathematical relationship between sediment delivery ratio and watershed characteristics of Ghohrood and zavarian Z4 watersheds with different climatic and rainfall regimes, land use patterns and socio- economic features, where erosion and sediment yield have been estimated using EPM and PSIAC methods. Next, sediment delivery ratio was calculated for each basin and its mathematical relationship to basin characteristics was developed.This relationship was stablished between 32 physiographic, land use and hydr-climateic features as independent and SDR as dependent variable. Results indicated that among 9 independent features, area equivalent diameter, and sum of channel length have the highest role in SDR. In order to evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of the model to predict SDR,it was applied for Hossein Abad Neyzar basin. The correlation between SDR and empirical EPM and MPSIAC results and regression-based SDR estimation showed the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method to use for the region and western-central hillslopes of Zagros and Alburz Mountains. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - Land use mapping of Kaftareh Watershed of Ardabil using visual and digital processing of ETM+ image
ardavan ghorbani farnoosh aslami saeed ahmadabadi sahar ghaffariAbstract The availability of land use information permits decision-makers to develop plans in short to long-term period for the conservation, sustainable use and development of natural resources and watersheds. In this study, ETM+ image (2006), GPS and GIS were used fo MoreAbstract The availability of land use information permits decision-makers to develop plans in short to long-term period for the conservation, sustainable use and development of natural resources and watersheds. In this study, ETM+ image (2006), GPS and GIS were used for image interpretation, field data collection and land use mapping. Preprocessing and required correction have conducted. Initially, field visit have been conducted and different land uses have been defined. In the second step, image was visually interpreted and then training area has selected and using the maximum likelihood algorithm image was classified. According to the lack of the capability for detecting river beds and residential areas in digital image processing, integration of visual and digital interpretation (supervised classification) and object-based image analysis were used. Results show that, in visual interpretation, there is almost no capability to discriminate rangeland from dry farming land uses; however garden, residential areas and riverbeds are discriminated. Results of supervised classification show that there are problems to detect and discriminate different land uses; however, by integration of digital and visual interpretation, it is possible to use Landsat data to discriminate different land uses in the areas such as Kaftareh watersheds and Arshagh region of Ardabil province. The results of the evaluation of object-based classification accuracy showed the highest overall accuracy, because the method parameters such as scale, shape, tone and texture, in addition to using pixel values were used in classification, hence with appropriate segment creation, there is the possibility of precise discrimination of land uses such as residential areas from dryland farming. In the future studies, according to the importance of land use map in the studies such as natural resources, watershed managements and agriculture, it is better to use high spatial imagery and object-based methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - The effect of population growth on land use change ( case study: Vaz catchment, noor)
shabanali gholami mahmood habibneghad roshan mostafa nooripoorThe effect of population growth on land use change ( case study: Vaz catchment, noor) S.gholami[1], M.habibneghad roashan[2], M.nooripoor[3] Abstract At present research impact­ of increasing population on land use changes were investigated in Vaz MoreThe effect of population growth on land use change ( case study: Vaz catchment, noor) S.gholami[1], M.habibneghad roashan[2], M.nooripoor[3] Abstract At present research impact­ of increasing population on land use changes were investigated in Vaz catchment. The Vaz catchment is having 14,102 hectares area and it is located at Natel-Restaq region in Chamestan district and Noor city. For this research is used descriptive method. And for preparing data and information is done laboratory study, field measuring and documents collection, and also they saved in data base bank by Excel software, then they were analyzed by SPSS.16 software, and then the results of them were compared by using T- test parametric and ANOVA test, and at final stage to terracing of graphs was used EXCEL, 2000. In this study, the stages of variations land use is done at three different durations by using aerial photos with 1/20000 scale from 1345 to 1371 and up to 1381 years. And also each of land use area was determined by using of GIS tools in each of duration. The results of variance analysis are shown affirmative on impact of increasing of population for each variations of different land use area. As the results of analyzes test have shown, increasing of population on variations of different land use were significant at 95% level. [1] - Nour branch, Islamic azad university, , nour, iran [2] - Sari agricultureal sciences sciences and natural resources university [3] - Department of Natural Resources and Watershed , Nour , Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - Ecological potential of agriculture and range management area for the purpose of land use planning Mahneshan
saeed kamyabi Esmail khoshlaghaTrying to achieve a national land use planning and productivity is a principle and in proportion of environmental features and natural resource data, this process development is important. The sustainable development is a comprehensive concept which is involved in all a MoreTrying to achieve a national land use planning and productivity is a principle and in proportion of environmental features and natural resource data, this process development is important. The sustainable development is a comprehensive concept which is involved in all aspects of human life. And the implementation of sustainable development models requires extensive changes in both national and international policies. In some part our country the utilization of land is not based on ecological zone. Specially in agricultural land so the aim of this paper is to show the comparison of existing land use and watershed ecological zone in Mahneshan in Zanjan province. Therefore, to analyze the possibilities and of natural basin by creating a database of geographic. Date extracted from the report of basic studies and classification in order to show the location of the ecological resources and entered to a Geographic Information System (GIS). The existing land use map derived with the help of satellite images. Then, by overlaying different layers, homogeneous units (e.g. homogeneous Polygon) we produced the reviewing and results data base, with considering the region and planning objectivese and ecological assessment. In order to obtain the models that applied on homogeneous polygon. Finally, maps are prepared voided and extraction based on planning and suggestions. This report has been investigated and classified to determine the best type of land use, land suitability homogeneous entity in the current status and future, concerning the climate conditions and giving priority to agriculture land (dry land and irrigated agriculture), rangeland and forestry as well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - Assessment of Ecotourism Capability of Traditional Ghoori Ghale basin with emphasis on water resources factor
زینب Khalili جعفر Oladi S.M Hoseini nasr جاهده TekeykhahAbstract: Evaluation of ecotourism capability is mean the identify of land capability for recreation and tourism landuse with attention to importance of forest park, is necessary evaluation of recreation potential and identify of suitable regions for MoreAbstract: Evaluation of ecotourism capability is mean the identify of land capability for recreation and tourism landuse with attention to importance of forest park, is necessary evaluation of recreation potential and identify of suitable regions for recreation usage. In this study, The appropriate areas for tourism and ecotourism plans were identified in Ghoori Ghale area located at North western of Paveh with an area of 2498/46 ha Using GIS and systematic analysis model .Based on the result, No class1 mass ecotourism existed in the study area. Twenty nine percent of the area were potential for class2 alternative ecotourism 38% for class1 alternative ecotourism and 33% for alternative ecotourism.To deter mine the importance of available water resources on tourism development, Delphi method was used. For this, 100 questionnaire were distributed among tourists in Kermanshah and Ghoori Ghale area. Based on the obtained result, different type and degrees of ecotourism depend on the available water resource. To measure the effects water resource factor on ecotourism and also to enhance the systematic analysis model, The map of water resources were prepared then this map was combined with primary ecotourism potential map (obtained using systematic analysis model) to produce the final ecotourism potential map. Result of ecotourism potential evaluation showed that 6%, 28%, 35%, and 31% of the study area are appropriate for class 1 mass ecotourism, class 2 mass ecotourism, class1 alternative ecotourism and class 2 alternative ecotourism, respectively. Then, Comparison were made between the primary and final ecotourism potential maps to identify the effects of water resource on ecotourism potential of the area. Our findings showed higher effects water resource factor rather than physical factors Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - Ecological capability evaluation of industrial, rural and urban development in Darab
Masoud Masoudi parviz jokar mehdi sadeghiUsing the rational and systematic approaches in the management of resources and optimization is very important. These methods should be such as to take into account the land potential, otherwise irreparable damage to resources and the land is entered. Ecological capabil MoreUsing the rational and systematic approaches in the management of resources and optimization is very important. These methods should be such as to take into account the land potential, otherwise irreparable damage to resources and the land is entered. Ecological capability evaluation of development of urban, rural and industrial means how much the ecological potential is. The aim of this study is ecological capability evaluation of development of urban, rural and industrial of Darab Township according to the environmental crisis in the Township of Darab, and proposing the strategies for achieving the goals of sustainable development in this area. Therefore, Darab Township was assessed with overlaying information layers using GIS. . eseThe results of evaluation were presented in two fairly suitable classes (2) and poor (3). In addition, current use of deployment in urban (polygon), rural and industrial (point) were overlaid to ecological capability map of development in order to evaluate mentioned current uses. Results show most of urban areas, industrial and rural areas are located in unsuitable class of 3. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - Land Use Conflict Analysis with Using the Model of Land Use Conflict Identification Strategy (LUCIS) in Tonekabon County
banafsheh pirasteh Mojtaba Rafieian Reza AhmadianIn recent decades, rapid changes in land use, especially in coastal areas has been associated with important implications as destruction of natural resources, environmental pollution and … In Tonekabon city, development of physical settlements as a result of rapi MoreIn recent decades, rapid changes in land use, especially in coastal areas has been associated with important implications as destruction of natural resources, environmental pollution and … In Tonekabon city, development of physical settlements as a result of rapid population growth, without any planning and environmental considerations lead to the expansion of cities into the vulnerable areas, that if not controlled and correct guidance, will cause destruction of many lands with priority to agricultural lands and their protection will be. The aim of this study was to identify factors and drivers of changes in land use in Tonekabon and also make benefit of Analysis Model of land use conflicts identification Strategic (LUCIS) in determining the user conflicts of the interest area. In this study, the analytical method (Statistical- Spatial) data used in processing and analyzing data using spatial analysis techniques have been combined. After preparing the data layers, weighting and combining them, the results showed that agricultural priority accounted for the largest share in zones without conflict, which was distributed in the western half of the North Strip, on the other hand agricultural- Conservation zones covers over 30 percent of conflict moderate zone and scattered throughout the area. Finally, based on reached results intervention strategies were provided in the framework of an integrated management approach to control and reduce conflict, create compatibility and make Suitability between the Land uses with each other and balance of loaded ground. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - Monitoring compatibility with land use planning of industries in Geospatial Information System (Case Stady: Citi of sari)
Reza LahmianPlanning to predict the future and the future will help to some extent imaginable. In fact, the plan looks to the future and a bridge between where we are and where we want to go. Rshdsry and unbridled human population, uninterrupted operation of mining, logging and def MorePlanning to predict the future and the future will help to some extent imaginable. In fact, the plan looks to the future and a bridge between where we are and where we want to go. Rshdsry and unbridled human population, uninterrupted operation of mining, logging and deforestation, destruction of natural vegetation and pasture land, water and air pollution caused by industrial activities from the past to the present, the life cycle home common to all living creatures, the earth is in danger. One of the problems is increased abnormalities in industry and industrial activities Due to lack of effective factors in determining industrial capabilities, especially planning and Taking the necessary measures before the activities associated with it is. The present study also aims to plan and finding optimal locations for industrial activities carried out in the city of Sari. For this purpose, the powerful multi-criteria decision system and its integration with GIS is used. First, criteria and data layers with expert guidance as well as investigations were made in the past. The most important factor in environmental decision-making criteria were identified, weighing 0.7. Afterassigning weights to the criteria by AHP and its integration software environment Arc GIS10.3 final map was obtained. At the end of about 169 780 hectares of land, 17% of the entire city was identified with the interpretation fit perfectly Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - An Evaluation of Urban Land Use in Zarghan Using an Environmental Quality Approach
Soleyman Mohammadi Dust Mohammad Ali KhanizadehUrban land use planning is the core of the urban planning system. The purpose of land use planning is proposing an appropriate configuration and placing for urban land using and activities, especially in towns with a combined land using by lots of variety. Achieving thi MoreUrban land use planning is the core of the urban planning system. The purpose of land use planning is proposing an appropriate configuration and placing for urban land using and activities, especially in towns with a combined land using by lots of variety. Achieving this goal requires an understanding of space allocation and land distribution among users that is possible by using qualitative and quantitative methods. In this paper, we evaluate the land using in Zarghan downtown.For this purpose, we used quantitative and qualitative assessment. In quantitative assessment we discussed about the capital account and compared them with existing standards. In qualitative evaluation, by using environmental quality indicators we established the questionairs and spread them among residents. Data collection methods contains the field, library, interviews with officials and residents and develop a questionnaire. Results of Zarghan show that expanding urban population has increased in recent decades and it is causing an imbalance in the distribution of land uses. This growth is negligible and although currently not lead to deterioration of the situation but has taken an upward trend. Capitation of lots of land useage is match with existing standards and satisfaction has earned favorable to the residents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - Land use optimization through harmonic search meta-heuristic algorithm (Case study: Baboldasht district of Isfahan)
علیرضا صاحبقرانیUrban planning seeks to allocate the valuable and limited land resources among different land types. During this process various conflicting objectives are emerged and prepared, and land use planners should proffer land use layouts satisfying these kinds of objectives. MoreUrban planning seeks to allocate the valuable and limited land resources among different land types. During this process various conflicting objectives are emerged and prepared, and land use planners should proffer land use layouts satisfying these kinds of objectives. Due to these facts, land use allocation is a multi-objective optimization problem that deals with a large set of data and variables and optimization methods have been developed to facilitate solving this kind of problem. As land use optimization is a complex NP-hard problem, current exact methods are not able to solve such problem and land use optimization relies on application of meta-heuristic algorithms. In this paper, a meta-heuristic algorithm is developed and applied based on harmonic search algorithm for solving land use optimization problem. In this paper, seven land types (residential, commercial, cultural, educational, medical, sport and green space) are allocated to 200 allocation cells with size 1000 m2 subject to compactness, compatibility and suitability maximization. The outputs of the harmonic search algorithm were compared to a common population-based algorithm, genetic algorithm. The results demonstrated that for the defined problem the harmonic search algorithm was more acceptable than genetic algorithm in terms of solution quality and algorithm efficiency. It was 98.9 percent faster than genetic algorithm. The results also showed that the land use layouts achieved by both algorithms had been better than the current state of land use distribution. Thus, the cross-cutting method represented in this paper can be used as a useful tool in the hands of urban planners and decision makers, and supports the land use planning process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - Extraction and Identification of Land Surface Temperature and Explaining Its Relationship with Urban Land Use (A Case Study of Districts 1 And 21 of Tehran)
gholamreza moradi alireza hasaniToday, cities are extremely vulnerable due to population growth, industrial expansion, consumption of fossil fuels as a result of greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution, and finally climate change. With the expansion of cities, many natural surfaces go under constructi MoreToday, cities are extremely vulnerable due to population growth, industrial expansion, consumption of fossil fuels as a result of greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution, and finally climate change. With the expansion of cities, many natural surfaces go under construction, more synthetic materials are used, and population and building densities increase the production of heat from human activities. All of these cases, along with the type of land use in the city, cause certain characteristics such as radiant power, heat capacity, albedo, etc., and show a different surface temperature than other places. Space technology has been used successfully to determine surface temperature and urban energy balance. In this study, the surface temperature of districts 1 and 21 of Tehran was identified using Landsat 7 satellite images and its surface temperature was estimated by adapting it to the land use map of these areas. The results show that there is a close relationship between land use and surface temperature, as in these two areas, depending on the role and activity of each area, different surface temperatures have been identified. District 21 with industrial and workshop operations, barren lands, lack of vegetation, lack of waterways, and excessive use of artificial and industrial materials as well as production of heat due to human activities shows an average surface temperature of 5 degrees Celsius higher than that of region 1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - Multiple Criteria Location Allocation of Green Spaces by using Land-use Suitability Analysis Method (Case Study: Arak)
enayat alah mohaghegh nasab Mahin Nastaran Mahmoud MohammadiUrban land use and its location has always been of interesting topics to scholars of the city and urban planning. So that the scholars always have tried to pay attention to base and surroundings proximity, compatibility and incompatibilities, utility and other factors, MoreUrban land use and its location has always been of interesting topics to scholars of the city and urban planning. So that the scholars always have tried to pay attention to base and surroundings proximity, compatibility and incompatibilities, utility and other factors, in location allocation of urban land uses. With the arrival of the computer age and development of geographic information systems, the possibility of attention to these factors and their effectiveness in the process of planning, is more than before. In this regard and in order to realization of consideration to these factors in planning, this study is trying to answer the following question, Among the areas with development potential in area, which one is more suitable for use in order to green land use? In this article which is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive analytical in terms, of method, land-use suitability analysis, linear combination and Delphi methods, have been used. The finding of this article that obtained from overlaying analytical compatibility maps, the value of land, land ownership, functional radius, proximity to roads, passive defense, and crisis management and natural and geographical factors of Arak, indicate that, which one of the lands with development potential in Arak, is more suitable for use in order to green land uses. Also the results of this article showed that, the combination of multi criteria location allocation based on geographic information system and Delphi jury method, can be used as decision support system of location allocation of green land use and provide acceptable results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - Study the Effect of Public Transportation Expansion on Housing Price Using the Hedonic Model (A Case Study of Kermanshah)
Marjan movahed Hojat SheikhiLand and housing prices are subject to various factors and conditions. Therefore, prices are different in different times and places. In other words, at the level of a city, land and housing prices are different from one region to another based on local and socio-econom MoreLand and housing prices are subject to various factors and conditions. Therefore, prices are different in different times and places. In other words, at the level of a city, land and housing prices are different from one region to another based on local and socio-economic characteristics. The change in prices is one of the most visible economic reflections of intervention in physical tissue of the cities. Public transport is one of the essential services of today’s cities and ensuring that it is delivered efficiently and effectively is one of the priorities of many cities. The purpose of the present research is to study the effect of expansion of public transport on housing price using Hedonic model in the neighborhoods of Kasra, 22 Bahman and Towns of Maskan and Moallem in Kermanshah. This research is applied in which correlation method and Hedonic function were used. The effects of independent variable and dependent variables were evaluated using field studies. Thirteen variables were used of which physical condition, situation and access can be mentioned. Eviews and SPSS software were used to analyze the data and estimate the model. The obtained results showed that the coefficients of all the understudy variables were statistically meaningful. Since the p-value for all variables was less than 0.05, so there is a meaningful relationship between the price of residential units and the studied variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - Futuristic Analysis of Urban Land Use Changes Using Satellite Image Analysis (A Case of Tabriz)
Hamid Norash Karim Hosseinzadeh Dalir Ali AzarUnderstanding the trend of land use change and its influencing factors stands as a paramount concern in contemporary urban studies. The vicinities surrounding cities bear the impact of urban growth, triggering alterations in the roles, functions, and configurations of t MoreUnderstanding the trend of land use change and its influencing factors stands as a paramount concern in contemporary urban studies. The vicinities surrounding cities bear the impact of urban growth, triggering alterations in the roles, functions, and configurations of these ecological complexes. Tabriz, being a pivotal metropolis in the country, has undergone notable changes in land use in recent years. The urban expansion has transformed the surrounding lands, including gardens and agricultural areas. This study aims to scrutinize the patterns of land use change in Tabriz from 1986 to 2016. Employing a descriptive-analytical research approach with documentary and field data collection methods, Landsat satellite images, ENVI 4.8 software, and Arc GIS 10.2 geographic information system were utilized to analyze the changes in Tabriz's urban lands over three decades. The findings reveal that Tabriz, in pursuit of its development, has predominantly encroached upon green spaces and agricultural lands, leading to a decline in their share over time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - Analysis of Urban Land Use According to Smart Urban Growth Strategy Indicators (A Case Study of Marand)
sakineh khandani Mohammad Ali Safarloyi Bashir beygbabayeThe increasing growth of urbanization in terms of number and population in the last two decades without fundamental changes in urbanization patterns has caused many economic, social and environmental problems for its inhabitants. In order to overcome these problems, the MoreThe increasing growth of urbanization in terms of number and population in the last two decades without fundamental changes in urbanization patterns has caused many economic, social and environmental problems for its inhabitants. In order to overcome these problems, the idea of sustainable urban development and in line with it, new approaches and strategies such as smart urban growth have been proposed by urban thinkers. Smart urban growth is one of the new models of urban planning to organize the development process of cities and respond to the scattered urban growth. In fact, the smart growth strategy seeks to reshape cities and lead them to a viable community with access to a favorable environment, an integrated urban transportation system, urban congestion, and mixed uses. In the present article, the five urban areas of Marand have been studied in terms of urban land use according to the indicators of smart urban growth strategy. The research method in this article is "applied" and concerning the method is "descriptive-analytical". Using the AHP method, the desired indicators have been weighted and using the TOPSIS multi-criteria decision model have been analyzed and evaluated in the five areas of Marand based on smart urban growth indicators. The results of TOPSIS model show significant differences in terms of smart urban growth index and urban land uses in Marand urban areas. So that District 3 of Marand with a TOPSIS score of 0.1133 is in the first rank and District 5 with a TOPSIS score of 0.0128 is in the last one. Due to the inequality of areas, while paying attention to the strategy of smart urban growth in the whole city, districts 1 and 5, which are less developed, should be considered in the priority of development plans by city planners and authorities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - Modeling Land Use Changes Based on Markov Chain in LCM (A Case Study of Ramhormoz)
Fatemeh Esmaeili maryam ilanlooMeasuring is a key technology for assessing the extent and amount of land cover variations the knowledge of which is of fundamental importance for different planning. In this study, land use changes in the past 20 years using the TerrSat software and its potential for p MoreMeasuring is a key technology for assessing the extent and amount of land cover variations the knowledge of which is of fundamental importance for different planning. In this study, land use changes in the past 20 years using the TerrSat software and its potential for prediction in the future were evaluated using the Markov chain of Ramhormoz. For this purpose, TM Landsat 5, OLI Landsat 8 was used for 1996 and 2016, along with topographic maps and area coverage. Images of both time periods were classified into four categories of land use: lands made by human hands, arable land, agricultural and uncultivated lands. According to the results, the lands made with 39.1% of the most positive changes and lands with vegetation cover with the rate of -29.1% have the most negative changes in the region and the trend of forest areas has been a downward one. Then, using the prediction model and classified images (1996-2016), the 2016 coverage map was predicted using the Earth-change model. After evaluating the model, the overall accuracy was 83.09 and the Kappa coefficient was shown to be 0.79, which indicates the high adaptation between the predicted map and the classified map. With the introduction of the land cover plan for 2016, the model for land-changeover, a 2025 land cover map was prepared. The results showed that 102 hectares of agricultural land and 178 hectares of vegetation cover had been reduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - Evaluation of the impact of urban-rural migrations on land use changes in metropolitan cities (A Case study of Tabriz Metropolis)
gholamreza mokhtari farivar karim hoseinzade delir hosein nazamfarWith their many functions, metropolitan cities have strong relationships with the peripheral areas and especially the villages of the penetration zone, and this has a profound impact on the economic, social, cultural, and even physical aspects of the villages. Economic MoreWith their many functions, metropolitan cities have strong relationships with the peripheral areas and especially the villages of the penetration zone, and this has a profound impact on the economic, social, cultural, and even physical aspects of the villages. Economic growth of cities is due to their economic relations. The city and the countryside have the advantages of attracting rural employment, creating out-of-village job opportunities and rural-urban migration. The metropolis of Tabriz, in various historical periods, has played a strong transnational role from Eastern Europe to South and Central Asia, which shows its undeniable role in taking on some strong professional functions to perform this task. This interconnection between the metropolitan city of Tabriz and its sphere of influence, on one hand, extends the physical development of the city to its national metropolis, and on the other hand, the physical development of the surrounding villages and extensive user changes in these villages, along with widespread demographic, economic and cultural changes will be obtained. This issue is the main subject of the present research and its main objective is to monitor and evaluate the role of the expansion of the metropolitan city of Tabriz by urban-rural migrations and its impact on physical changes, in particular, land use changes in the urban areas. This study concerning its purpose is a descriptive one and as the methodology is considered is an applied research which has been developed based on the questionnaires used in the study and analyzing its items. To achieve the objectives of the study, we used the Cronbach, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, T-Student and multivariate regression tests. The results show strong correlation between migration and change indicators if more than 85% of land use variations are expected by the migratory variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - A Comparative Study of Land Use Change Using Object Method (A Case Study of Tabriz and Karaj)
Abolfazl Ghanbari Mousa Vaezi Rahimeh Rostami Maedeh BakooyiThe development and expansion of cities are one of the main factors in the land use change that have been neglected due to environmental, and socio-economic, environmental problems. The present research is aimed at a comparative study of urban development and land use c MoreThe development and expansion of cities are one of the main factors in the land use change that have been neglected due to environmental, and socio-economic, environmental problems. The present research is aimed at a comparative study of urban development and land use change in two metropolises of Tabriz and Karaj during the period 2000 to 2017. The research is applied and descriptive-analytic. The object-oriented method and Heldern model were used to analyze data. Comparison of urban growth indicates the rapid growth of Karaj compared to Tabriz. Tabriz has grown 4.2% during this period, but Karaj has grown by 7% and this development has been 1.5%, 2%, and 0.5% respectively in Tabriz and 4%, 2%, and 1% in Karaj and the most degraded rangelands (10%) in Tabriz have had the most combined use of garden and agriculture with 4.5% of destruction. Holdern model shows that Karaj's growth has followed the growth of the population, and the high growth of the population has undermined the city's growth. Tabriz has an average of 0.55% growth due to population growth and 0.45% growth due to urban growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - Qualitative and quantitative assessment of urban land use with an emphasis on sustainability of residential areas, Case Study; Dehgolan City (kurdestan Province)
Issa Ebrahimzadeh Jamil Ghadermazi Land use planning is at outmost importance in urban planning. Monitoring and spatial organizing of local and functions of cities is an important factor in resistant development. The resistance of residential functions for urban development is important as well. Th More Land use planning is at outmost importance in urban planning. Monitoring and spatial organizing of local and functions of cities is an important factor in resistant development. The resistance of residential functions for urban development is important as well. Therefore, this study tends to survey the quantities and qualitativenature of land use of Dehgolan city development process. This study aimed to assess the quality and quantity of urban land use with an emphasis on sustainability and strengthening residential users in Dehgolan. Methods of investigation include analytical - applied method which incompasses the use of qualitative and quantitative assessment of Dehgolan city land use; process across which quantitative assessment criteria for residential users were deployed by making use of rigid planing and authors' field observations to provide triangulating suport. In this study, in order to evaluate the quality and consistency of residential users of the software with other users’ and in order to probe qualitative land use consistency for residential purposes an evaluation of ARC GIS and Distance model were applied. The results showed the lack of age of personal share for most users; primarily residential users that was observed to be about 15.11 square meters. Residential neighborhoods possess the so much differnce for the uses adjacency. Therefore, in most residential sites due to the inconsistency in use or lack of residential users dedicated to it Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - Evaluating land-use sustainability emphasizing on maintain cultural heritage (Case stud: The Ancient Susa City)
Somayeh Khademy Mahmoud GhalehNooe Mohammad MasoudLand use planning program has always been the most important factor in urban planning, because it determines land use and spatial structure of cities, on the one hand, and on the other hand it also determines the economic value of each piece of land. Therefo MoreLand use planning program has always been the most important factor in urban planning, because it determines land use and spatial structure of cities, on the one hand, and on the other hand it also determines the economic value of each piece of land. Therefore, different perspectives are presented on ways of using this important resource that are important regardless of quality of life issues, while the quantity, per capita and access are considered. In the recent decades changes have happened to the urban planning. Consequently, land use planning has been neglected and attention to land quality issues were rare. There have been times when solutions have been offered for improving it, however, inefficient and inadequate. In this regard, approaches to sustainable development with emphasis on efficient use of land has provided a new approach in urban planning and has been followed by the most important element of it - Land use planning. In this paper it has been tried to choose most important indicators that are effective on urban land use; also this indicators were adapted on sustainable devel0opment then they were used for evaluation of urban sustainability of urban land use. Since the protection of monuments and their privacy were of the most important elements of sustainable development, indicators were chosen with emphasis on protection of monuments and privacy compliance date . Further we were trying to combined these indicators with other indicators of urban sustainable development. For this purpose order maps showing space density were used to determine Kernel density estimation (KDE) and for combination of layers and providing the final map on AHP model. The results show that districts located in the eastern half – New city districts- have more stability than the districts located in thewestern half in city of Susa. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - Skeleton-physical structure and its role in urban traffic (case study Boroujerd city)
Asghar Nazareyan Davood GoodarziTraffic is an important urban challenge that cities of developing countries face it.Traffic problem is resulted from the increasing growth of urbanization and the inefficiency of the skeleton and physical development of cities in the vertical and horizontal MoreTraffic is an important urban challenge that cities of developing countries face it.Traffic problem is resulted from the increasing growth of urbanization and the inefficiency of the skeleton and physical development of cities in the vertical and horizontal dimensions. Furthermore, the increasing number of vehicles and unsuitable passage network system as well as the ravage of the city's public transport system and unsuitable localization of land use in the city level, especially transportation equipment jam in the central part of the city can be considered as gravity point and attraction for travel during day which help devastating the city’s potentials. Boroujerd is located among the medium sized cities in Iranian urban network system, which with respect to the design of city, has a centralized form and traffic problem. The problems of such cities are fairly clear in the central part of city. This city, despite of its physical development and growth, has ignored central inappropriate localization of transportation vehicles as well as city facilities such as businesses, educational and administrative services and health services which are centralized in the center of city. The passage network in this medium urban city doesn't have enough capacity for daily population and vehicles transportation. In order to evaluate the potential effects of these pressing problems, the present research has deployed software, namely ArcGIS،AuTOCAD ،Excel،SPSS to investigate the problem. The collected information was analyzed in order to distinguish the most problematic areas which need immediate concern. The results of this research showed that the communication networks and urban transportation system have meaningful relationship with physical skeleton and space pattern of the city. The skeleton structure of the city and passage network land use and public transportation system were recognized as unsuitable among main factors which had led to the current condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - Investigating parameters of land uses in detailed urban plans and their consequences on general land use (case study of Hamadan, region 1)
Kamal Mohammadi Kiumarth Habibi Mohammad Reza BemanianFollowing the land revisions acts in 1960s and the consequent urban growth, cities observed high growth in building cities following which comprehensive urban plans were prepared and approved. But since these plans had not enough ability to solve these problems because MoreFollowing the land revisions acts in 1960s and the consequent urban growth, cities observed high growth in building cities following which comprehensive urban plans were prepared and approved. But since these plans had not enough ability to solve these problems because of the lack of accurate and correct attention to urban problems detailed plans were prepared and approved in 1970s. Urban detailed plans were prepared for extending building city criteria, development of cities and harmonizing different parts of city. Inefficiency of urban development plans including detailed urban plans with existing realities emerges in social phenomenon of cities. One of these problems is changing land uses which are formed in contrary with criteria and regulations of detailed planes, legally and illegally followed in cities. Result of these changes are imbalance in urban services and continued decline of urban environment quality. This shows inability of detailed plan in development based on the existing planning. This research tries to determine changes in approved land uses in Hamadan through library studies, distributing questionnaire between target society during 2002 to 2012 and their causes were analyzed using SPSS, ARC GIS and AUTO CAD software. In studying causes of changing urban land uses the highest share belongs to economic and legal factors which could be because of lack of sustainable income resources in municipalities and strong administrative guarantee in urbanization regulations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - Land Use Mapping of Sabzevar using Maximum Likelihood and Artificial Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network
Elahe Akbari Majid Ebrahimi Abolghasem AmirAhmadiAmong the important factors in urban planning and management, particularly in line with the achievement of the sustainable development in the urban areas as well as regarding the optimal use of the land, is on-time access to the data of land cover conditions in these re MoreAmong the important factors in urban planning and management, particularly in line with the achievement of the sustainable development in the urban areas as well as regarding the optimal use of the land, is on-time access to the data of land cover conditions in these regions. The remote sensing data has a high potential for the preparation of the update urban land cover maps. In order to present on-time and digital satellite data, a variety of shapes and possibility of processing during land cover maps are of high significance. In order to use the satellite photos Landsat/ETM+ and two algorithm of supervised classification including the maximum likelihood and the artificial neural network, land cover maps were prepared. During classification, the neural network algorithm of a perceptron network with a hidden layer and 7 input neurons, nine middle neurons and 4 output neurons were used. The input neurons are the same in number as the bands of the Landsat photos and the number of output neurons are the same as land cover map classes. Eventually, land cover map of the region has been classified into four classes of residential areas, barren lands, plant coverage, and roads. In order to evaluate the correctness of the classification results, many photos have been taken using GPS. Using overall accuracy and Kappa Coefficient the precision evaluation results of these two methods indicate that perceptron neural network has an overall accuracy of 98/24 and Kappa Coefficient 97/03 compared to the algorithm of maximum likelihood with an overall accuracy of 94/23 and Kappa Coefficient 90 / 34 is of higher precision. The findings of this study also show that the classification method for multilayer perceptron neural network as compared with the maximum likelihood method is of higher separation and capability for preparing the land cover map in the urban regions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - Investigating the Role of Tourism Development in Garden Houses in Reducing the Effects of the Urban Heat Island in Isfahan
Khadijeh salehi Amir GandomkarThe expansion of urbanization and the development of urban lands towards orchards and agricultural farms is one of the biggest problems of the country's major cities, and in recent years, this development, along with reduced water resources and a sharp increase in popul MoreThe expansion of urbanization and the development of urban lands towards orchards and agricultural farms is one of the biggest problems of the country's major cities, and in recent years, this development, along with reduced water resources and a sharp increase in population, has led to the development of urban heat and metropolitan heating. In this study, by examining the situation of the heat island of Isfahan and its surroundings, as well as changes in green spaces and gardens adjacent to the city of Isfahan, the relationship between these two variables was evaluated. The research method is descriptive and correlational and the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of tourism development of garden houses around the city of Isfahan and its role in reducing the effects of the heat island of Isfahan. The results of this study showed that in recent years the temperature of Isfahan and its surroundings has increased between 2.5 to 4 degrees Celsius and this increase has coincided with the development of Isfahan and the destruction of gardens around the city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - A new conceptual model for social-ecological environment capacity of debris flow waste-shoal land based on sustainable development in mountainous area
Peng Zhao Daojie Wang Yong Li Yingchao Fang Huijuan Lan Wenle Chen Zengli Pei Yuchao Qi -
Open Access Article
219 - Climate change impacts on nitrogen and phosphorus loading in New England watersheds
Jenna Baker Timothy Randhir -
Open Access Article
220 - Strategies for monitoring environmental changes: monitoring and predicting land-use land-cover (LULC) change (Case study: South Pars special economic zone, Iran)
Sadegh Mokhtarisabet Afsaneh Shahriari -
Open Access Article
221 - Investigating suitability of land use based on land capability Lake Urmia basin area
Morteza Eyvazi Ali Akbar Nazari Samani Sara Parvizi -
Open Access Article
222 - Effective Factors in Residential Land Use (Study Case: Birjand City)
Gholam Reza Miri afsaneh ebrahimi mehdi fatemiThe issue of housing in Birjand city, like most cities where the growth of urbanization has been high in recent decades, especially after its designation as the capital of South Khorasan province, is of particular importance. The problem of housing in cities can be seen MoreThe issue of housing in Birjand city, like most cities where the growth of urbanization has been high in recent decades, especially after its designation as the capital of South Khorasan province, is of particular importance. The problem of housing in cities can be seen with the increase in the purchase price of each residential unit and their annual rent, and this demand is increasing day by day. Birjand city, as the capital of South Khorasan province and migration from other cities of the province and the country due to job opportunities, education, etc., has increased demand for housing and land. In this regard, the current research has investigated the effective use of urban land in Birjand city by using structural equation modeling (SEM) and Smart PLS software. The results of the research show that out of these 8 components (pedestrian, housing, natural and environmental, infrastructure, economic, population, architecture and urban design, social and cultural), the infrastructure and economic component has the most impact and the demographic component has the least impact. has had Also, the relationship between these components was also investigated, and the results show that the relationship between the economic and demographic components was stronger. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - Evaluation of the Realization of the Land Use Pattern in Urban Development Plans and Planning for its Improvement: A Case Study of the City of Mirjaveh
mehran ghasemi Gholam Reza MiriThe population growth of cities, coupled with inadequate distribution of services and improper location selection, is one of the negative outcomes of population increase. The primary goal of urban land-use planning is to provide social and economic welfare for citizens. MoreThe population growth of cities, coupled with inadequate distribution of services and improper location selection, is one of the negative outcomes of population increase. The primary goal of urban land-use planning is to provide social and economic welfare for citizens. Therefore, this study aims to assess the land-use pattern and improve the implementation of land-use patterns in the comprehensive plan of Mirjaveh city, and to analyze the changes in the composition and amount of residential, transportation, educational, healthcare, and cultural land use in Mirjaveh city over the period of 2009-2023 in terms of per capita allocation. Excel and AutoCAD 2019 were used for data analysis in this study. In the comprehensive plan of Mirjaveh city, the per capita land allocation order for residential land use was 51.50 square meters, 29.25 square meters for transportation land use, 54.2 square meters for educational land use, 2.2 square meters for healthcare land use, and 23.1 square meters for cultural land use in 1388. The results show an increase in per capita land allocation for residential land use with 57.91 square meters, transportation land use with 71.50 square meters, and educational land use with 76.2 square meters, while the per capita allocation for healthcare land use decreased by 2.2 square meters and cultural land use decreased by 18.0 square meters. These results demonstrate the failure to achieve the proposed land-use allocation in 2009. Using the information presented in this study, future plans can be developed by calculating urban land development with regard to each of the indices and sub-indices. This can help identify the strengths and weaknesses of plans in achieving their goals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
224 - On the Evaluation of Urban Land Use with Spatial Justice Approach (Case Study: Zanjan City)
Mohammad Salmanimoghadam Hasan Khodabandehlou Abbas Dorodinia Negin Sadat MirvahediThe impact of cities in the national and international arena has increased in recent years and local governments have faced with challenges related to new technology, economy of knowledge, cultural diversity and environmental sustainability. In the same vein, creation o MoreThe impact of cities in the national and international arena has increased in recent years and local governments have faced with challenges related to new technology, economy of knowledge, cultural diversity and environmental sustainability. In the same vein, creation of learner cities is undeniable and ideal substrate as a convenient place for lifelong learning and also for citizens' education, respectively. Also, creation of learner cities promises realization of creative cities which provides the participation context of citizens' wisdom based and lifelong knowledge creation by relying on sustainable power of creativity. Therefore, it will be possible to achieve sustainable city, with relying on this interconnectedness and combination of continuous knowledge of learner city and creativity of creative city. The purpose of present study is to investigate the relationship between the indices of learner city and creative city in Rasht city. The methodology and data collection in this study were descriptive, analytical, correlation and also documentation and survey study correspondingly using questionnaire tool. The population in this study consist of offices' experts of Rasht city. In this study, sample size and sampling method were determined 367 members via Morgan's table and also snowball sampling (clustering), respectively. The Spearman's and multiple regression tests were used for the analysis of the hypothesis. Results showed there is a statistically significant relationship between the indices of learner city and creative city in Rasht city (P>0.01). Consequently, it will be possible to achieve the sustainable city by appreciating learning and growing the creativity of citizens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - Analysis and Evaluation of Urban Land Use in Ashan and Sarchave Neighborhoods of Sardasht City
Shirko AhmadiAssessment urban lands is, reflecting an illustrative image, in terms of urban landscape. The urban information consists of two kinds of data including spatial view and property descriptive data. It consists of two types of data including spatial representation and prop MoreAssessment urban lands is, reflecting an illustrative image, in terms of urban landscape. The urban information consists of two kinds of data including spatial view and property descriptive data. It consists of two types of data including spatial representation and property descriptive data. Spatial data generally and data related to revenue Survey and registering further lands and property, specifically are essential parts of basic infrastructures of a city. The objective of this study which is a result of achievements of property Survey chiefs by the author is completing and upgrading property database in the Sardasht city as case study. The statistical society constituted of Sardasht neighborhoods which two neighborhoods were selected among them. The research method has been based on quantitative methods in analyzing by using Arc GIS ver. 10.1.in this study we have tries that by means of available tools in GIS technology, investigate the issue of collecting and preparing geospatial data, as well as the dispersion of urban lands. Based on conducted studies how the distribution of urban service providers like administrative, educational, health and green spaces centers...are not match with citizen’s requirements and has caused dissatisfactions for many of them. Also results indicated that there is difference between usages existing in the region with usages included in the detailed plan map of Sardasht. Therefore it can be possible to compensate lack of welfare services in the region by using military and desert lands and assign it to survive provider usages, increasing building floors and increasing density per unit area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - Analysis of the Effects of Land Use on Housing Prices (Case Study: Tehran Municipality 7th District)
Ebrahim Farhadi Keramatollah Ziari Ahmad PourahmadHousing is considered to be the most basic and most sensitive part in the planning of economic and social development. Housing is the smallest and smallest form of physical embodiment of human-environment interaction, and spatial crystallization is the vital function of MoreHousing is considered to be the most basic and most sensitive part in the planning of economic and social development. Housing is the smallest and smallest form of physical embodiment of human-environment interaction, and spatial crystallization is the vital function of human habitation in its core roles. The present study is an applied target type. Regarding the nature, the main approach to the present paper is descriptive-analytical and according to the research subject, field of study and the nature of the subject, quantitative methods and techniques (geographic weights regression model) have been used. Several factors affect the price of housing, one of which is the type of land use that plays a key role in determining housing prices. In area 7 of Tehran, due to the combination of user and specific features that govern the use of this area, we have been studying the effects of each usage on the price of housing, so that by identifying the effects of each type of usage on the price of housing, planning in the region level can be made. For housing and housing economy. Given that the topic of housing economics is an inclusive and interdisciplinary topic (politics, economics, management, geography, etc.), this article further discusses the impact of geographic factors (types of uses) on housing prices, which ultimately revealed that access Urban transportation, terminals and warehousing with R2 87 /, Utilization of urban services with R2 87 /, Green utilization and parks with R2 / 80, Commercial and office applications with... Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - Using Hybrid Approach in Order to Distribution Service Investigation at the Urban Old Textures (Case Study: Twelve Neighborhoods in Old Texture of Minab)
Ahmad Pourahmad Mohammad Ebrahimi Mahmoud ArvinAttention Renovation and upgrading old urban tissue to improve the urban productivity, Reducing the damage caused by the occurrence of earthquakes, Achieving social justice, Poverty elimination inhabitants and is matter essential the potential of the city One of the ste MoreAttention Renovation and upgrading old urban tissue to improve the urban productivity, Reducing the damage caused by the occurrence of earthquakes, Achieving social justice, Poverty elimination inhabitants and is matter essential the potential of the city One of the steps before attempting to renovate and upgrade old texture Identify and priority textures In terms of access to urban services and applications. In this study to order investigation Distribution Service the old urban texture old twelve neighborhoods old texture of Minab. The research method is descriptive – analytical and based on documents and library resources. For ranking neighborhoods was used Location Quotient method (LQ), and entropy and TOPSIS. The results indicate that the ratio between neighborhoods it is expressed that neighborhoods shahied abaspoor and lab rodkhaneh is better conditions than the other neighborhoods. And neighborhoods Sajjad, Sheikh Abad and BaghMalk the Location Quotient land uses Ha has been very unfavorable conditions and Location Quotient majority land uses in neighborhoods in level zero. uses. Then, using a combination of entropy-topsis neighborhoods texture old mibab were categorized In terms of fruition in the three categories fruition, Semi deprived, deprived. As a result, neighborhoods joie bariko,sajadie,gre salehi and jangjo in first priority and shahrak naft,lariha,lab rodkhaneh and shahied abaspoor in The second priority and Sajjad ,Sheikh Abad,baghmalek and paykoh in The third priority are development programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - An Investigation of Tourism Impact on Urban and Rural Land Use Pattern Changes (A Case Study: Kelardasht County)
Naser Aligholizadeh Firoozjaie Mostafa Ghadami Mahmood Gharibi jooybariThe objective of this research is to analyze the role of tourism on land use changes in rural and urban area in Klardasht township. . The method of this research is descriptive and analytical based on survey. The data of this research is collected from field observation MoreThe objective of this research is to analyze the role of tourism on land use changes in rural and urban area in Klardasht township. . The method of this research is descriptive and analytical based on survey. The data of this research is collected from field observation, interview and satellite images.in order to create land cover map and change detection, satellite images for the years 1987, 2000, 2010 and 2015 were used. The process of analysis of satellite images such as making raster layer was carried out with Erdas 2014 software. Then Thematic Maps were produced through ArcGis 10.4 software. The main and important factor of driving force and pressure in land use change in this area was uncontrolled tourism development. Findings of field observation, interview and satellite images show the huge part of land use of forest, orchard and farm in the study area have changed and converted to built area during years 1987 to 2015. In such a way that with respect to demand in land purchasing and building of second homes and development of facilities and services related to tourism considering lack of efficient management and serious shortcomings in executing rules and regulations, tourism development had great roles in such changes Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - Physical - Spatial Pathology of Tourism Development in Coastal Villages (Case Study: Rasht County)
Mana Keshvardoust teymoor amarTourism is a tool for the development of rural areas. This process has caused various impacts due to fragility and vulnerability to environmental and human changes in the coastal villages of Rasht city. Therefore, due to the evident evolution of recent years, the pathol MoreTourism is a tool for the development of rural areas. This process has caused various impacts due to fragility and vulnerability to environmental and human changes in the coastal villages of Rasht city. Therefore, due to the evident evolution of recent years, the pathology of development of this industry has been addressed. The research method is descriptive-analytic and has a practical nature. In collecting data from the documentary-field method and for analyzing the consequences of tourism development and user variations, Landsat satellite imagery, ETM + and OLI sensors were prepared and pre-processed in 2000 and 2017; then, land use map by method Supervised classification (SVM) was developed in ENVI software. By reviewing the maps, the results indicate an increase in the area of man-made areas from 749.88 to 148599 ha and the reduction of the land use area from2823.31 to561.24. Research has shown that the impact of the new global system on the physical and physical dimensions of the South, and ultimately on the structure of the villages, the expansion of heterogeneous demand-oriented spheres and the emergence of incompatible physical consequences and non-systematic intervention in coastal and sheltered areas. Therefore, the lack of planning can lead to a lack of realization of the positive effects of tourism and the emergence of negative consequences, especially in the space-related dimension, and given the need to preserve this resource for the needs of the current and future generations, Principle use. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
230 - Sustainable urban development with emphasis on Land use planning(Case study: Cities of Sistan region)
Habibollah Haji Hosseini Gholamreza Miri Mahmoud Reza AnvariIntroduction: Today, paying attention to the capacities and capabilities of the back place such as region, province or country in order to rationally develop that place expresses the real concept of Land use planning. Therefore, in order to prevent issues such as enviro MoreIntroduction: Today, paying attention to the capacities and capabilities of the back place such as region, province or country in order to rationally develop that place expresses the real concept of Land use planning. Therefore, in order to prevent issues such as environmental crisis, erosion, soil degradation, uneven urban growth, etc., it seems necessary to formulate Land use planning in order to achieve the goals of comprehensive national and urban development strategies.Research Aim: the purpose of this study is how to achieve sustainable urban development with emphasis on Land use planning in the cities of Sistan region.Methodology: The research method is descriptive and analytical and based on library, documentary and field studies. The statistical population of the study is 403 experts in the field of land management in Sistan region. Using the Cochran's formula, 200 people were selected as the sample size. Also, SPSS software and Fuzzy Mamdani model were used to analyze the data.Studied Areas: According to the latest country divisions, Sistan region has 5 Countis c (Zabol, Zahak, Heirmand, Nimroz and Hamon), centered on the cities of (Zabol, Zahak, Heirmand, Nimroz and Hamon).Results: The results of Spearman correlation test indicate the fit between the items of sustainable development and the principles of Land use planning. Also, the results of one-sample t-test in order to determine the importance of each of the economic, social, environmental, managerial and executive, institutional dimensions, with the mean value obtained above the average of the number (3) in all items, show the great importance of each It is one of the items of sustainable development with emphasis on Land use planning in the cities of Sistan region. The results of ranking the dimensions of sustainable development with emphasis on Land use planning in the cities of Sistan using the Mamdani fuzzy model showed, In economic, managerial and executive dimensions, for all cities (Zabol, Zahak, Mohammadabad, Adimi, Dost Mohammad), the intermediate to unfavorable, In the social and institutional dimension, all cities of Sistan region except Zabol city with the amount of weights obtained (0.60), (0.61), have an intermediate level of undesirable. In the environmental and ecological dimension, for all cities of Sistan region except Dost Mohammad city with a weight of (0.53), shows an intermediate to favorable level.Conclusion: The final results showed that the indicators and dimensions of sustainable development of Sistan cities have not been affected by principles of Land use planning. Therefore, it requires the relevant organizations in the field of management and planning to include the principles of Land use planning in regional development plans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - Evaluation of geomorphologic landforms for the development of Human Settlements (Case Study:Southwest Township of Razavi Khorasan Province(
Mousa Abbasi Mazhar AhmadiDevelopment and establishment of settlements in direct contact with the natural base and geomorphology effects. Because of the topography and geology of the study area has certain limitations in terms of localization and development of their human settlements. In order MoreDevelopment and establishment of settlements in direct contact with the natural base and geomorphology effects. Because of the topography and geology of the study area has certain limitations in terms of localization and development of their human settlements. In order to reduce the risks of the South West province of Khorasan Razavi and modify future plans of development and human settlements, to assess the feasibility of the study area was investigated. After studies and library and a selection of appropriate measures, using phase logic models, and GIS software to help, areas prone to develop settlements were determined. In this study was to identify suitable areas for development and the creation of settlements in the study area based on Landform, from eleven parameters, slope, aspect, elevation, soil, land use, elevation, distance to fault, distance from the river, away from the road distance from settlements, geomorphology as independent variables in recognizing the potential and geomorphological constraints in the region were selected. Finally, after zoning based on phase model, the results showed that about 61 percent of the study area is located on the floors very poor and poor, which means unfavorable geomorphological conditions in this part of the study area to develop settlements are human. About 16.40% of the study area has average conditions for the development and creation of new human settlements respectively. And about 23 percent of the area under study geomorphological area of favorable conditions for construction activity and the construction of new residential areas are. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - Investigating Place Distribution of Athletic Use and Determining Appropriate Areas in Order to Present a Proper Model in Ilam City
pakzad azadkhani jaffar hoisen zadeh Sara EsfandyariOne of the important problems in terms of sports spaces in Iran is not paying attention to locating. The aim of this paper is to investigate the place distribution of sports land uses in Ilam City and to determine proper arenas in order to present a good pattern. The me MoreOne of the important problems in terms of sports spaces in Iran is not paying attention to locating. The aim of this paper is to investigate the place distribution of sports land uses in Ilam City and to determine proper arenas in order to present a good pattern. The method is analytical-descriptive and the research is an applied one. The data is gathered from the libraries and by the field study and also the questionnaires and GIS maps were used. The population includes the experts of urban management and physical education in all 4 districts of Ilam City that 20 of them were chosen as the sample by Convenience Sampling and were surveyed. To analyze the data, GIS and AHP softwares were used. The findings reveal that the sports spaces are improperly distributed in Ilam City. Moreover, there has been lack of attention to the important norms and standards of sports spaces’ locating in building sports facilities. Furthermore, the views of the experts in the norms of the population density are of high importance in the norms of determining the sports spaces. In this research, 11 hectares of Ilam City’s land pieces were introduced and suggested as the best places proper for building the new sports spaces based on the determined norms and standards. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - Recognition of the changes in the space organization of Zebarkhan rural area during a period of 23 years (1375-1398)
Nasibeh Hosseini hassan afrakhteh farhad azizpourIntroduction :One of the main problems of spatial development, especially in less developed complaints, is the rupture of the space organization due to the relationship between the interactions between settlements. The space organization of Zebarkhan district of Neyshab MoreIntroduction :One of the main problems of spatial development, especially in less developed complaints, is the rupture of the space organization due to the relationship between the interactions between settlements. The space organization of Zebarkhan district of Neyshabour is no exception to this rule. Efforts to address the space police force of settlements can pave the way for the development of development programs at various levels. In this regard, recognizing your relationships and your abilities in rural schools and setting up the correct way to use these abilities is one of the first and basic steps that must be taken firmly.Goal of the research: The present study analyzes and evaluates the space organization of Zebrakhan village and the changes that occurred in it during a period of 23 years (1375-98).Research Methodology: The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology. The method of data collection was library and field. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, with a spatial approach and with a scientific method to explain the changes and developments that have occurred during the past 23 years in the space organization of the rural area of Zebarkhan, Neyshabour city. The statistical population of the study includes 29 urban and rural settlements located in Zebarkhan sub-district of Neyshabour city.Geographical area of research:The geographical area of the research is Zebarkhan village of Neyshabour city. Zebarkhan section consists of three villages that Zebarkhan village is known as the most populous village.Results and discussion: The findings showed that the lack of proper distribution of services and lack of spatial balance has led to increased mobility and movement between human settlements in the countryside. Therefore, the three settlements of Ghadamagah, Baghshan and Darroud with the first to third ranks have become the main places of intra-district traffic.Conclusion:The results of flow analysis indicate that the flow pattern is one-way relationships and no complementary, two-way and synergistic bonds are formed. This model is in line with the theory of the growth pole with the sovereignty of cities and is still far from the regional network model. In general, it can be said that the space organization of Zebarkhan village lacks a spatial balance that by creating a balance in the distribution of facilities and services, balanced and sustainable development and optimal space organization can be achieved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
234 - Application of artificial neural network and Cellular AutomataIn modeling and predicting land use changes in Bavanat city
Marzieh MogholiIntroduction: Today, due to the high value of land and the limitation of natural resources in the city of Bowanat, it is very important to predict land use changes in this city.Research Aime: determining the level of ability in modeling the localization phenomena in the MoreIntroduction: Today, due to the high value of land and the limitation of natural resources in the city of Bowanat, it is very important to predict land use changes in this city.Research Aime: determining the level of ability in modeling the localization phenomena in the city of Bowanat is one of the main goals of the research. Methodology: considering the practicality and development in this research of artificial neural networks for calibrating the model for the effective factors in the city. Bowanat has been used and ENVI and Arc GIS image processing software have been used.Methodology: Due to practicality and development in this research, artificial neural networks were used to calibrate the model for effective factors in the city of Bowanat, and ENVI and Arc GIS image processing software were used.Studied Areas: Bowanat city is located 240 km from Shiraz city with an area of 4992.2 square kilometers, which is located at 30.46 degrees north and 53.67 degrees east.Results: In the design of urban growth modeling in Bowanat between 2003 and 2018 using artificial neural network, it was observed that for two main reasons, the mentioned model is suitable for predicting land use changes in Bowanat city, the first reason being the ability of the CA model and the reason The second is to achieve a model for urban change and expansion by changing urban land use.Conclusion: After examining the findings, it was found that the road network is one of the most important factors in the growth and expansion of Bowanat city, and in addition, the percentage of land slope is one of the effective parameters in the modeling of Bowanat city.Keywords: Land use, Fuzzy Logic, Artificial neural network, Bavanat city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - Predicting land use changes with emphasis on residential lands using CA-Markov model Case study (Bojnourd plain catchment)
ahmad hoseinzadeh Abdolreza Kashki reza Javidi Sabaghian Mukhtar KaramiUnderstanding temporal and spatial changes in land use is essential for decision makers and community planners. Land use requires knowledge of the current trend and forecasting future developments in land use and land cover. In this study, using Landsat 7, 8 satellite i MoreUnderstanding temporal and spatial changes in land use is essential for decision makers and community planners. Land use requires knowledge of the current trend and forecasting future developments in land use and land cover. In this study, using Landsat 7, 8 satellite images and Ca-Markov model in EDRISI TerrSet software, simulation and prediction of land use changes in Bojnourd catchment area in North Khorasan province has been performed. After making atmospheric and geometric corrections on the images of 2001 and 2019, a map predicting land use changes has been produced for 2040.The validation of the model is done through the kappa coefficient, the value of which is 0.92 for the land use map of 2001 and 0.95 for 2019. The results of the model prediction show that in the study area, residential lands with the increase of more than 5 thousand hectares during the study period have the most changes. Also, most of the changes have been made around the city of Bojnourd. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - Assessing and analyzing the vulnerability of urban fabrics from the perspective of passive defense with emphasis on distribution pattern of vital land uses (Case Study: Mahabad City)
Mostafa Mirabadi Sadegh BesharatifarIntroduction: One of the principles of passive defense which needs to be paid attention when utilized in critical and sensitive uses is the distribution and deployment of such uses, therefore is to keep and observe appropriate distances and boundaries and also the proxi MoreIntroduction: One of the principles of passive defense which needs to be paid attention when utilized in critical and sensitive uses is the distribution and deployment of such uses, therefore is to keep and observe appropriate distances and boundaries and also the proximity to other significant uses. Purpose of the research: Explaining the distribution pattern of vital land uses and identifying vulnerable urban tissues is the main purpose of this study.Methodology: The presented study has been done with descriptive-analytical methodology for the city of Mahabad (2020). The used data in the study are quantitative (shape files) and in order to measure the density of the distribution of the uses and also their distribution pattern in Mahabad (which are the aims of the study), ArcGIS software’s spatial statistics techniques have been used intensely.Geographical area of research: The study area of this research is the city of Mahabad, which is located in the south of West Azerbaijan province.Findings and Discussion: The results show that the distribution pattern of the critical faculties is a clustered pattern in a way that the most of these facilities are observed in the central and western parts of the city. Also, the geometric and geographical center is located in the central part and extends northeast to southwest. In other words, the deployment of support and management centers in the central part and major military centers in the western part of the city has caused such a distribution pattern. Therefore the tissues located in these parts have the most vulnerability. In addition, the results from the calculations of the radius of vulnerabilities of critical land uses revealed the fact that 78 thousand people, roughly equal to %53 of the total population and also 887 hectares, equal to %37 of the total area of the city are located in the vulnerability zone center (Elliptical Standard Deviation). This zone which includes the central neighborhoods and the initial and worn out core of the city has a high density of population comparing to the other urban neighborhoods, hence comprises a large part of the urban population. Conclusion: The issue of vulnerability and safety against accidents and military conflicts in the city of Mahabad is very serious. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - Evaluating the relationship between land use planning and the formation of urban heat islands (Case Study: Meshginshahr City)
Houshang sarvar pooran karbasi Mousa VaeziIntroduction: Population growth and urban development have made use of much of the urban land, especially agricultural lands and gardens, for residential, industrial, and transportation uses. This use changes lead to increased pollution and degradation of the environmen MoreIntroduction: Population growth and urban development have made use of much of the urban land, especially agricultural lands and gardens, for residential, industrial, and transportation uses. This use changes lead to increased pollution and degradation of the environment and above all the earth's surface temperature has increased.Research Aim: This study investigates the relationship between land use and thermal islands in Meshginshahr over the 1984, 1999 and 2020 time periods.Methodology: The research method is applied and research in nature. To achieve the goal of the research, after radiometric and atmospheric processing of the images, land surface temperature (LST) and vegetation index (NDVI) were calculated. Then, using the error matrix method, the accuracy and precision of kappa for production maps were evaluated.Studied Areas: The geographical area of this research is MeshginShahr city.Results: The findings indicate that Maps of the heat island show that in 1984 the minimum temperature is 22 and the maximum temperature is 43 ° C. While this situation has been increasing in 2020, the minimum temperature is 29 and the maximum temperature is 63 ° C.Conclusion: The results of the relationship between land surface temperature and land use changes show that the highest land surface temperature is related to urban construction lands and this is a result of reduced vegetation cover and increased impermeable levels. Also, the study of the spatial distribution changes of the surface temperature of the island and the thermal island showed that with the disappearance of vegetation inside and around the city the cool temperature class replaced the warm temperature class. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - Evaluation and Prediction of Spatial Changes and Urban Growth Using Remote Sensing (Case Study: Qorveh City)
Ebrahim Sami pooran karbasi Peyman Karimi mahtab sanginabadiToday Over the past few decades, the growth of urban societies and population growth have led to the spread of distorted cities into separate regions with its original texture and its development towards agricultural land and its surroundings. This unplanned development MoreToday Over the past few decades, the growth of urban societies and population growth have led to the spread of distorted cities into separate regions with its original texture and its development towards agricultural land and its surroundings. This unplanned development leads to land use changes in the periphery of the city. In the past few decades, the city of Qorveh has encountered with the development of urban and peri-urban settlements, which caused changes in the land use of the city of Qorveh and its surrounding areas. Analysis of land use change in Qorveh city can be effective in planning for future development of the city. Therefore, to attempted to estimate and determine land use change trends, Landsat satellite images with TM, ETM and OLI sensors were used for the three time periods of 1986, 2000 and 2018. These images were categorized, validated and detected by the Neural Network method to five floors; urban lands, arable lands, dry lands, water zones and Bayer lands. Finally, Markov Autoclave was used to calculate land use changes in Qorveh city for 2031. The results indicate that, continued land use change would result in the degradation of agricultural land use. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - Modeling land use patterns using with clue-s model (Case study of Meshkinshahr City)
fereydon Babaee noraldin azimi iraj hosseiniIntroduction Issue of land use focuses on prospective application pattern of land in every city and covers various types of applications such as residential, commercial, industrial, health, educational, administrative and recreational, which all have been effect MoreIntroduction Issue of land use focuses on prospective application pattern of land in every city and covers various types of applications such as residential, commercial, industrial, health, educational, administrative and recreational, which all have been effective on development trend of Meshkinshahr over the past years. Regarding the importance and role of land use system in urban planning, this research attempts to modeling land use pattern for Meshkinshahr using Clue-S in 1402 horizon aiming to develop the city within spatial-physical scale, prepare maps and analyze predictable patterns in various scales. Research Methodology In this study, primarily identified the factors which effective on land use changes and then used historical, descriptive methods as well as conducted interview with inhabitants and local authorities, associated organization in Meshkinshahr city such as housing and urban planning organization, municipality and consultant engineers of detailed and descriptive plan. Firstly the framework of Clue-S, its components and application were recognized. Secondly, model factor was recognized and actually, this study would be meaningless without extracting factors effective on land use changes in Meshkinshahr City. Thirdly, the characteristic data and parameters of Clue-S model were collected. Fourthly, the necessary factors effective on system that dictates the changes of land use in Meshkinshahr were identified using logistic regression model. Then, demand and constraint models were defined within the Clue-S model used in this study and finally, some scenarios for Clue-S Model were offered revealing the potential land use patterns. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
240 - Sprawling City and the Changing of the Rural Land use(Case Study:Bandaranzalicity in the Recent Half)
MASOOD MAHDAVI Afsaneh berenjkarAlong with the increasing growth of habitation in cities in the recent half century, the alteration of the rural landuse has also increased.The density of population and scarcity of lands inevitably lead to the development of the cities and extend themtoward the periphe MoreAlong with the increasing growth of habitation in cities in the recent half century, the alteration of the rural landuse has also increased.The density of population and scarcity of lands inevitably lead to the development of the cities and extend themtoward the peripherallands.With its horizontal growth,the city moves toward the peripheral villages which are situated in its immediate location, and absorbsthe rural lands in itself and as the time passes,the villages will be completely swallowed by the cities.During this process,the rural lands gradually undergo a change in their application as some urban symbols appear in them and they finally get merged with the cities.As a result,sprawlingcitycreates a disordered and dispersed development of the city around itself and changes the application of the rural lands.The main purpose of the present research is toreview the process of the transformation of the rural lands around the Anzali Port which have undergone a change in the application during the process of the physical development and have been annexed to the city’s territory. The field research method and library documentation were used for the collection of information,and the Excel application was used for drawing the graphs and doing the calculations while the GIS and Autocad applications were used for drawing the maps.The results of the research indicate that the Anzali Port is the only urban center in the town which attracts the immigratingpopulation,including the adjacent villages and cities.During the recent half century,this process has decreased the city’s population and its lands and the city inevitably develops toward the lands of the adjacent villages. Throughout this process, the Anzali Port has merged four villages in its proximity including Sousar, Navir, Shahvar and Koulivar while the Bashman and Talebabad villages which are located in the peripheries of the city are not exceptions to this rule as the majority of their lands have undergone a change in used and turned into urban constructions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
241 - Evaluation of Urban Land Use Change in Urban Instable Development The case: Maragheh during 2001 – 2011
rasool Ghorbani razieh Teymuori alireza Jadidiyan naeemeh TorkamanniyaLand use planning, refers to how to use, distribute and protect the land. This type of planning can be considered from different perspectives, such as sustainable development perspective view is one of important land use views. in this paper we have tried to study and e MoreLand use planning, refers to how to use, distribute and protect the land. This type of planning can be considered from different perspectives, such as sustainable development perspective view is one of important land use views. in this paper we have tried to study and evaluate the land use change of Maragheh city from sustainable development perspective, and study the harmony or disharmony with this type of development in the past ten years (2001 - 2011). In this paper, to achieve this goal descriptive and analytical method and documentary studies were used. all data in this study are documentary and include land use changing approvals by the Commission 5 article in East Azarbaijan province for the city of Maragheh, during the study period. The result of this study indicates some inconsistency in some of the criteria for sustainable development and shows non-sustainable movement in order to destruction of green spaces, during the legislations related to changing land use. Also the results of this research show that the cases that were referred to Article 5 Commission are quite remarkable. and in most cases in order to the interest of the applicants and the municipality have been approved and ignoring the urban sustainability and its physical and biological problems cause some problems. Such as the largest number of investigated cases were for changing gardens and urban green spaces, without considering comprehensive and systematic view in whole city and with no attention to social and cultural issues in city. This factor also causes an imbalance in the system of urban land use and devastating effects in urban and regional planning will create. According to research in the past ten years (2001 - 2011), 45.29 percent of total land use change has been from gardens land use to residential land use. Also the studies are indicated the fact that, for all changes that have been take place during the study period, changing gardens land use to other land uses with 49.86 percent was the maximum land use change. This amount of gardens and urban green spaces land use changing indicate for unstable movement in order to Maragheh development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
242 - Analysis Temperature patterns associated with urban land use using remote sensing data (Case Study: Kermanshah city)
mehdi narengifard Ahmad mazidi esmaeil abdoliLand use and land cover diversity and difference on one hand and changes in destruction of green space of the urban landscape as a result of increasing population and expanding dense urban areas on the other hand would result in change in energy balance, heat accumulati MoreLand use and land cover diversity and difference on one hand and changes in destruction of green space of the urban landscape as a result of increasing population and expanding dense urban areas on the other hand would result in change in energy balance, heat accumulation and temperature patterns in urban areas. Thus, the analysis of user relationships and the influence of land cover on slopes temperature can influence each other and play an important role in urban management. In this study, the thermal patterns in Kermanshah, a city in west of Iran as the main center of population which is faced with a growing population and high rates of immigration was studied. The purpose of this study is to extract heat patterns and land use in urban areas using remote sensing data. Therefore, classification of land cover classification based on the maximum likelihood algorithm is applied and the land surface temperature from TM sensor Landsat satellite images using to date: 31 August 2011 was measured. The results represented five temperature ranges and three residential users, vegetation and barren derived from the city in which barren land use, residential and vegetation temperature range of 30-36 ° C and 16-22 and 25-26 have occupied the largest area data Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
243 - Evaluation of Urban Land Use Change in Urban Instable Development (Case Study: Maragheh during 2001 – 2011)
رسول قربانی راضیه تیموری نعیمه ترکمن نیا علیرضا جدیدیانLand use planning, refers to how to use, distribute and protect the land. This type of planning can be considered from different perspectives, such as sustainable development perspective view is one of important land use views. in this paper we have tried to study and e MoreLand use planning, refers to how to use, distribute and protect the land. This type of planning can be considered from different perspectives, such as sustainable development perspective view is one of important land use views. in this paper we have tried to study and evaluate the land use change of Maragheh city from sustainable development perspective, and study the harmony or disharmony with this type of development in the past ten years (2001 - 2011). In this paper, to achieve this goal descriptive and analytical method and documentary studies were used. all data in this study are documentary and include land use changing approvals by the Commission 5 article in East Azarbaijan province for the city of Maragheh, during the study period.The result of this study indicates some inconsistency in some of the criteria for sustainable development and shows non-sustainable movement in order to destruction of green spaces, during the legislations related to changing land use. Also the results of this research show that the cases that were referred to Article 5 Commission are quite remarkable. and in most cases in order to the interest of the applicants and the municipality have been approved and ignoring the urban sustainability and its physical and biological problems cause some problems. Such as the largest number of investigated cases were for changing gardens and urban green spaces, without considering comprehensive and systematic view in whole city and with no attention to social and cultural issues in city. This factor also causes an imbalance in the system of urban land use and devastating effects in urban and regional planning will create. According to research in the past ten years (2001 - 2011), 45.29 percent of total land use change has been from gardens land use to residential land use. Also the studies are indicated the fact that, for all changes that have been take place during the study period, changing gardens land use to other land uses with 49.86 percent was the maximum land use change. This amount of gardens and urban green spaces land use changing indicate for unstable movement in order to Maragheh development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
244 - Necessities and Obligations of lands use Planning in Rural Settlement of Roodbar Township
تیمور آمارManagement of developing a region based on recognition of possibilities and local resources and reasonable application of them in order to reach the aims of the program. Foresight and planning as a management tool takes advantage of the results of regional studies to pr MoreManagement of developing a region based on recognition of possibilities and local resources and reasonable application of them in order to reach the aims of the program. Foresight and planning as a management tool takes advantage of the results of regional studies to provide the favorite conditions for long – term and short term decisions. Therefore the thought based on preparing public land, will cause the management on resources of a region have such an order that there will be little contradiction between strategies and goats; however the lack of such thinking will led to disorder in planning. So lands use planning in different levels of national, regional and local needs coordinate development of limits and all economic parts. Regarding the necessities of a region, reasonable facilities for placement and establishment productive forces and future economic institution will be provided. This paper will consider the necessities of providing a comprehensive plan for setting of land use system of Roodbar, based on available information and statistics. The result of formal consensus has shown that during two agriculture consensus (2003,1988) 18/5 percent of farmland of the city has been reduces and the process of changing uses is still continuing. Also, the system of economic activities following great economic changes and regional events, is changing from first part toward third part. Beside these problems, it seem disorder of activities and use in the city(by consideration to internal capability) will cause serious damage to the environment and create problems to attain constant development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
245 - Surveying The Role of Physical Development of Rasht City in Land Use Changing of The City Border Fields
majid yasori reza Viasi mojgan sabab kar maryam mohamadiFurther development of cities population in physical development and Land use changing of the city border fields has an effective role. Rasht's population is increased from 294000 in 1991 to the more than 600000 in 2011. In this period the area of city is from 299 MoreFurther development of cities population in physical development and Land use changing of the city border fields has an effective role. Rasht's population is increased from 294000 in 1991 to the more than 600000 in 2011. In this period the area of city is from 2994 hectare to 10240 hectare. The result of population increase and the area of the city, physical development of the city and in result Land use changing of the city border and to the building of these fields, therefore knowing the effective outfits on the city's development for correct and logical opposition with its adherence problems and thinker design and future development of the city is important. The kind of research in usage research and its method is resolution-descriptive. Surveying results of the research shows that during 1991 to 2011, is about 3587 hectare from the fields of city, has a Land use changing and goes to the basis of the city. According to the Rasht municipality, the number of residential units of the Rasht city from 84053 in 1991 to 140355 units in 2010, that is the sign of 67 Percentincreasing in this period. Even the resulted findings from comparison of two plans of Rasht City in 1991 with 2011 shows that in this period the number of 10 villages in a city and even the number of 57728 of royal territories in a border of city is added to the municipality services restrict. That is involves in different Land use changing, such as residential, commercial, industrial and… Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - Assessment of Effects of Implementation of Guiding Plan on Physical Development in the Central District Villages of Rasht Township
مریم علینقی پور عیسی پوررمضانToday's Rural Plainsawn important tool in the management of rural development which mainly will be considered physical aspects of rural more than economic, social and cultural aspect so much applicable part of this project is the physical aspect. Physical structure of v MoreToday's Rural Plainsawn important tool in the management of rural development which mainly will be considered physical aspects of rural more than economic, social and cultural aspect so much applicable part of this project is the physical aspect. Physical structure of villages that have evolved over time and the various requirements of economic, social and cultural changed with the implementation of the Rural guiding plan and building new construction, sustainable homes, widening of streets, parks and green space, make required functions such as education, medical, military,... and cause relative prosperity and increased sense of security in the village. The purpose of this study is reviewed the effects of rural guiding plan on the physical development of villages. The research method is descriptive-analytical and to collect information used athletics and documents methods and based on that and according to the statistical society (n = 8415), the sample size was based on a formula Sharp - Cochrane have been 368 people which is randomly distributed in the villages studied. The findings show that maximum impact of guiding plan has been on the supervision of construction and reform and retrofitting rural housing (housing variables) and then facilitate the passage in rural places (roads variables) and the other variables, environmental health and land use not achieved much success and only seen good performance in garbage collection and proper distribution and localization services. In general it can be said guiding plan was effective on Villages physical development but the extent of this impact is different on aspects and different locations, and this is a sign of weakness in preparation or implementation of this plan. The course is recommended allocate sufficient funds ,satisfaction , thereby participation the villagers, development of rural culture ,preservation of land use especially agricultural land, housing principles ,observance terms and privacy policy of village existing roads, village environmental protection to increase the amount of influence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - The analysis of old texture land use of a city (Case Study: Central part of Kermanshah)
Lila Mosavi DarAmrodi Majid Shams Nowzar GhanbariThe activities of central part of big cities particularly the old texture of the city have been given special attention by managers and planners in recent urban management. This retro process or internal development leads to more urban sustainable development of cities. MoreThe activities of central part of big cities particularly the old texture of the city have been given special attention by managers and planners in recent urban management. This retro process or internal development leads to more urban sustainable development of cities. The aim of this study was to analyze the current statues of land use in central texture of Kermanshah. Moreover, the study tried to determine an appropriate pattern of spatial land use distribution in accordance with urban sustainable development. The study is an applied one and its methodology is the analysis-descriptive. The related information was collected through library method and note taking, a questionnaire, and field trips observation. Descriptive statistics along with SWAT model were used to analyze the data. The analysis of the data based on SWOT revealed that the area of the study has five strength points, six opportunity points, seven weak points, and seven threat points. The matrix of SWOT was drawn based on final score of four indexes (strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat). Based on this matrix in a structural approach, the key external opportunity and threat can be compared with internal weakness and strength to determine land use development pattern compatible with external and internal situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
248 - Survey of Effect urban land use in drug crimes in District 2 of Tehran
سید علی حسینی رضا ویسی سجاد احمدیIdentification of environmental factors and spatial crime and try to eliminate or reduce the impact of these factors, the most important strategies to enhance safety and prevention of disorders known, The social disorder in any way that a man could have, within the cont MoreIdentification of environmental factors and spatial crime and try to eliminate or reduce the impact of these factors, the most important strategies to enhance safety and prevention of disorders known, The social disorder in any way that a man could have, within the context of spatial and temporal characteristics that distinguish these behaviors from each other. As one of the largest areas of District 2 of Tehran Municipality, Tehran has a host of problems such as rapid population growth, physical expansion of the city, heterogeneity and lack of social cohesion, such as rural areas with old texture Darake, Evin, Tarasht, Farahzad and urban areas Islamabad, Islamabad southern and eastern Javydabad. According to studies done on drug-related crimes, most crimes committed in the area of Tehran is the second highest among the 22 districts of Tehran Municipality has. The purpose of this study was therefore to analyze the spatial conditions - physical influence on drug-related crimes in District 2 of Tehran municipality. Residential land uses were evaluated in District 2 of Tehran, green space, and other commercial and office utilities, transportation and warehousing had the highest percentage of drug-related crimes, And on the other hand, respectively, residential land, landscaping, utilities and most of the land area of District 2 of Tehran municipality. Hence it can be concluded that the type and use of urban land in the establishment of the conditions and crime is affecting the other hand, some other spatial features are barrier deterrent offender. Therefore, considering the high proportion of residential land adjacent to green space and impact of crime in the land of the rising crime rate, the hypothesis was based on the effects of land use and geographic distribution of land use in the formation of spatial patterns of delinquency and crime rates and drug-related crime in District 2 of Tehran is confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
249 - Evaluation of Land Cover Changes Remote Sensing Technique (Case Study: Hableh Rood Subwatershed of Shahrabad Basin)
Khadijeh Abolfathi Marzieh Alikhah-Asl Mohammad Rezvani Mohammad NamdarThe growing population and increasing socio-economic necessitiescreates a pressure on land use/land cover. Nowadays, land use change detection using remote sensing data provides quantitative and timely information for management and evaluation of natural resources. This MoreThe growing population and increasing socio-economic necessitiescreates a pressure on land use/land cover. Nowadays, land use change detection using remote sensing data provides quantitative and timely information for management and evaluation of natural resources. This study investigates the land use changes in part of Hableh Rood Watershed of Iran using Landsat 7 and 8 (Sensor ETM+ and OLI) images between 2001 and 2013. Supervised classification was used for classification of Landsat images. Four land use classes were delineated including rangeland, irrigated farming and plantations land, and dry farming lands,urban. Visual interpretation, expert knowledge of the study area and ground truth information accumulated with field works to assess the accuracy of the classification results. Overall accuracy of 2001 and 2013 image classification was 81.48 (Kappa coefficient: 0.7340) and 87.04 (Kappa coefficient: 0.7841), respectively. The results showed considerable land cover changes for the given study area. Land cover change detection showed that in a period of 12 years, 277.57 hectaresof dry farming lands and 340 hectares of dense range have been lost. But, 341 hectares for low dense range, 280 hectares for semi dense range and 1.4 hectares for urban areas, have been added in area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
250 - تاثیر جاده سازی در ذخیره کربن آلی حوزه آبخیز کوهستانی در شمال ایران
کاظم نصرتی سعید جلالیهدف از این مطالعه، بررسی تاثیر جاده سازی در میزان ذخیره کربن در حوزه آبخیز زیارت می­باشد. بر این اساس از 5 کاربری جنگل، مرتع، کشاورزی، جاده و آبراهه نمونه برداری و میزان کربن آلی هر کدام محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان می­دهد جاده سازی عامل کاهش ذخیره کربن آلی بوده و میزا Moreهدف از این مطالعه، بررسی تاثیر جاده سازی در میزان ذخیره کربن در حوزه آبخیز زیارت می­باشد. بر این اساس از 5 کاربری جنگل، مرتع، کشاورزی، جاده و آبراهه نمونه برداری و میزان کربن آلی هر کدام محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان می­دهد جاده سازی عامل کاهش ذخیره کربن آلی بوده و میزان آن تفاوت زیادی در کاربری جنکل و سایر کاربری­ها دارد. میزان ذخیره کربن آلی در کابری­های جنگل، مرتع، کشاورزی، آبراهه و جاده به ترتیب 143، 136، 128، 36 و 29 مگاگرم در هکتار می­باشد. نتایج این مطالعه می­تواند در ترسیب کربن و کاهش گازهای گلخانهای مفید باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
251 - Land use Changes Impact on extreme flood events in the Hulu Kelang River Basin, Malaysia
Nader Saadatkhah Azman Kassim -
Open Access Article
252 - Impacts of Land Use Change in Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Stocks (Case Study Shahmirzad Lands, Semnan Province, Iran)
Hamed Kashi Maryam Abdipoor Behrooz Arastoo -
Open Access Article
253 - Determination of Best Supervised Classification Algorithm for Land Use Maps using Satellite Images (Case Study: Baft, Kerman Province, Iran)
Sedigheh Mohamadi -
Open Access Article
254 - Climate Variability Impacts on Land Use and Livelihoods in Drylands
Golnaz Kheradmand -
Open Access Article
255 - Effects of Land Use and Land Cover changes on Soil Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen Stocks in the Olesharo Catchment, Narok County, Kenya
Bernice Sainepo Charles Gachene Anne Karuma -
Open Access Article
256 - Effect of Rangeland Conversion to Dryland Farming on Soil Chemical Properties (Case study: Kian rangelands, Lorestan, Iran)
Reza Hasanpori Adel Sepehry Hossein Barani -
Open Access Article
257 - Ecological Potential Modeling for Agricultural and Rangeland Development Using GIS-based FAHP Approach: A Case Study of Razin Watershed
Saeed Mahmoudi Mahmud Khoramivafa Moslem Hadidi -
Open Access Article
258 - Food Security and Land Use Change under Conditions of Climatic Variability
Mohammad Hassan Jouri -
Open Access Article
259 - The Effect of Optimum Management of Lands on Reducing the Peak Discharge and Water Turbidity (Case Study: Manshad Watershed, Yazd Province, Iran)
Ali Akbar Karimian Samira Hossein Jafari Ali Talebi -
Open Access Article
260 - Assessment of Land Use Changes in Miandoab Rangelands by GIS and AHP
Nafiseh Rezapour Andabili Mahsa Safaripour -
Open Access Article
261 - Estimation of Vegetation and Land Use Changes Using Remote Sensing Techniques and Geographical Information System (Case Study: Roodab Plain, Sabzevar City)
Ali Ariapour Abolghasem Dadrasi Sabzevar Sara Toloee -
Open Access Article
262 - Detection of Land Use Changes for Thirty Years Using Remote Sensing and GIS (Case Study: Ardestan Area)
Masoud Nasri Alireza Sarsangi Hassan Yeganeh -
Open Access Article
263 - Prediction of Land Use Management Scenarios Impact on Water Erosion Risk in Kashidar Watershed, Azadshahr, Golestan Province
Davoud Akhzari Samaneh Eftekhari Ahandani Behnaz Attaeian Alireza Ildoromi -
Open Access Article
264 - The Relationship Between Nitrate Distribution in Groundwater and Agricultural Landuse (Case study: Ardabil Plain,Iran)
Habib Farhadi Ebrahim Fataei Marjaneh Kharrat Sadeghi -
Open Access Article
265 - Evaluating the Effects of Agricultural Activities on Nitrate Contamination at the Kamfirooz District, Shiraz, Iran
Jalal Valiallahi Smaeil Moradi -
Open Access Article
266 - Investigation and Determination of Land Use Effects on Surface Water Quality in Semi-Arid Areas: Case Study on Qarasu River in Iran
Jafar Mohammadi Ebrahim Fataei Akram Ojaghi -
Open Access Article
267 - Codification of Strategic land-use planning Concepts of Iranian football
جواد محمدی رسول نظریThe purpose of this research was to codify strategic land-use planning concepts of Iranian football. The statistical population of this research was Iranian football experts. A total of 70 subjects were selected through purposive sampling snowball method. A combination MoreThe purpose of this research was to codify strategic land-use planning concepts of Iranian football. The statistical population of this research was Iranian football experts. A total of 70 subjects were selected through purposive sampling snowball method. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods coefficient initial questionnaire and open interviews and ratings were used for data collection and analysis. The research instrument was a self-made check list in which respondents were asked to indicate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the football List, while using geographic information system (GIS) to provide descriptive-analytic model, and part of the data in the software Arc - GIS was studied and analyzed. The overall result of this study showed that according to strategic land use planning of Iranian football, there is uneven distribution of sport places facilities and sport spaces for Iranian football. In addition, regarding the matrix positioning and strategic action, strategics approach of Iranian football is comparative. In order to balance the distribution of resources in the country, it seems that deep and creative special planning is needed to make balance in the factors affecting the Iranian football. On the order hand, it is essential to focus on the improvement of the synergy of sports activities of government and nongovernmental organization and private sectors which may ultimately lead to further success of Iranian football. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
268 - The Effect of a Period of Selected Exercise on the Function of Static and Dynamic Balance in Healthy Teenager Girls
لیلا قادری قهفرخی فرناز ترابی آذر آقایاریAbstractThe purpose of this research was to codify strategic land-use planning concepts of Iranian football. The statistical population of this research was Iranian football experts. A total of 70 subjects were selected through purposive sampling snowball method. A comb MoreAbstractThe purpose of this research was to codify strategic land-use planning concepts of Iranian football. The statistical population of this research was Iranian football experts. A total of 70 subjects were selected through purposive sampling snowball method. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods coefficient initial questionnaire and open interviews and ratings were used for data collection and analysis. The research instrument was a self-made check list in which respondents were asked to indicate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the football List, while using geographic information system (GIS) to provide descriptive-analytic model, and part of the data in the software Arc - GIS was studied and analyzed. The overall result of this study showed that according to strategic land use planning of Iranian football, there is uneven distribution of sport places facilities and sport spaces for Iranian football. In addition, regarding the matrix positioning and strategic action, strategics approach of Iranian football is comparative. In order to balance the distribution of resources in the country, it seems that deep and creative special planning is needed to make balance in the factors affecting the Iranian football. On the order hand, it is essential to focus on the improvement of the synergy of sports activities of government and nongovernmental organization and private sectors which may ultimately lead to further success of Iranian football. Manuscript profile
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