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Open Access Article

1 - Short-term prediction of carbon monoxide gas concentration in the air of Ahvaz city using artificial neural network analysis
Maryam Kavosi سیما سبزعلی پور hossein fathian

Introduction: Air pollution in cities is one of the most critical environmental problems, representing a constant and severe threat to both the health and hygiene of society and the environment. The primary air pollutants include nitrogen oxides, with a particular empha More

Introduction: Air pollution in cities is one of the most critical environmental problems, representing a constant and severe threat to both the health and hygiene of society and the environment. The primary air pollutants include nitrogen oxides, with a particular emphasis on nitrogen dioxide, sulfur oxides, especially sulfur dioxide, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide, and suspended particles. Ahvaz, a metropolis in Iran, stands out as one of the most polluted cities. Effective environmental management, particularly in addressing air pollution, is of paramount importance. This research aims to predict the concentration of CO pollutants in Ahvaz city for the first seven days of 2015. Materials and Methods: Based on previous studies, meteorological variables including weather, air temperature and wind speed were selected as gas input titles in the network for gas prediction. CO gas was procured in 2014 through the Environmental Protection Organization of Ahvaz city. In order to develop the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) neural network, Neuro Solution5 software was used to create the neural network, 70% of the data was used for training (validation), 15% for testing, and the remaining 15% for validating the results of the network. is used. was used. Results and Discussion: In order to determine the best MLP network structure for short-term prediction of CO gas concentration, different structures were considered in terms of the number of intermediate layers, the type of network training algorithm, the type of transfer function, the number of intermediate layer neurons and the number of repetitions (Epoch) of training. The results showed that the MLP network with a structure of 1-5-3 (that is, 3 input neurons, 5 neurons in the middle layer and one neuron for the output layer) with 1500 repetitions of training per Tansig transfer function (Tansant Sigmoid) and Traingdm training algorithm (reduction gradient with momentum), is the best MLP network. In addition, the values of NSE, RMSE and MAE statistical indices for the network training stage are equal to 0.72, 0.22 and 0.15 respectively. Conclusion: Air pollution, the primary environmental challenge in Ahvaz, arises from the intersection of traffic and the oil industry. Its impacts on health and the environment necessitate comprehensive investigation. In this study, an MLP network was employed to predict CO gas concentration values in the air of Ahvaz city. The findings demonstrate that the network's accuracy and performance in forecasting CO gas concentration are at an optimal level. As this research progresses, it is recommended to extend the prediction to other gaseous pollutants and to employ optimization algorithms for determining the optimal structure of the artificial neural network Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Effect Of Managers' Behavioral policy On Abnormal Transactions With Affiliates
nazanin bashirimanesh zohreh arefmanesh mohammad souri

10.30495/ijpa.2022.66756.10864

Background: The main role of managers in companies is to make decisions in various areas such as investment, profit sharing policy, transactions with affiliates. One of the factors influencing managers' decision-making approaches is their behavioral policy.Objective: Th More

Background: The main role of managers in companies is to make decisions in various areas such as investment, profit sharing policy, transactions with affiliates. One of the factors influencing managers' decision-making approaches is their behavioral policy.Objective: The present study investigates the effect of managers' behavioral bias on abnormal transactions with affiliates.Methods: The statistical population of the study is the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and using the systematic elimination sampling method, 146 companies were selected as the sample of the research in a period of 7 years between 1392 to 1398. The method used to collect information is a library and the relevant data for measuring variables were collected from the Cadal site and companies' financial statements and in Excel preliminary calculations were performed and then Stata software was used to test the research hypotheses.Findings: The results show that managers' narcissism has a significant inverse effect on abnormal net credit and abnormal net sales. However, managers' overconfidence has a direct and significant effect on abnormal net worth and abnormal net sales. Also, managers' shortsightedness has a direct and significant effect on abnormal net credit and abnormal net sales.Conclusion: Transactions with affiliates allow the exchange of resources, services, or liabilities with individuals such as major shareholders, affiliates, and subsidiaries. Therefore, the behavioral policy of managers affects the use of transactions with affiliates in order to achieve personal goals or promote profitability. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Changes In Iran Building Industry
Arash Ghahramani

      The population of Iran has expanded rapidly in the last decades notabley in city areas. Current housing construction has been unable to satisfy the demands some imported industrialised, prefabricated concrete and steel building systems wer More

      The population of Iran has expanded rapidly in the last decades notabley in city areas. Current housing construction has been unable to satisfy the demands some imported industrialised, prefabricated concrete and steel building systems were introduced into Iran to respond to the increasing demand for house building and to improve building construction generally, but these efforts have largely failed. Despite this failure, it is generally understood that industrialised building is the only practical solution to the current problems in Iran of housing shortages and poor quality. This shortages of housing and lack of a relevant construction system to satisfy the demand, are the reasons of this research, and presenting a solution for this problem is, its main aim. Rather than introducing radically new methods of construction which ignore the existing structure of the Construction Industry and construction skills, improvements may be achieved by building upon this structure and the skill. So, neither traditional methods of construction, nor modern imported technology can meet building construction demands successfully; a blend of the two is necessary. It must be noted that besides socio-cultural conditions, any change must consider the present structure of the Construction Industry and the climate natures such as earthquakes in the country. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Using Neural Network to Determine Input Excesses, Output Shortfalls and Efficiency of Dmus in Russell Mode
D. Modhej M. Sanei N. Shoja

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has two fundamental approaches for assessing theefficiency with different characteristics; radial and non-radial models. This paper isconcerned the non-radial model of Russell which is a non linear model. Conventional DEAfor a large datas More

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has two fundamental approaches for assessing theefficiency with different characteristics; radial and non-radial models. This paper isconcerned the non-radial model of Russell which is a non linear model. Conventional DEAfor a large dataset with many inputs/outputs would require huge computer resources in termsof memory and CPU time. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is one of the most populartechniques for non linear models and for measuring the relative efficiency of a large datasetwith many inputs/ outputs. Also in the last decade researches focused on efficiencyevaluation via DEA as well as using ANN. In this paper we will estimate the input excessesand the output shortfalls in addition to efficiency of Decision Making Units (DMUs) inRussell model through ANN. The proposed integrated approach is applied to an actualIranian bank set; the result indicates that it yields a satisfactory solution.works. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Forecasting value-at-risk and expected shortfall using high frequency data modeling
S. Babak Ebrahimi Negin Mohebbi

The present study compares the performance of the long memory FIGARCH model, with that of the short memory GARCH specification, in the forecasting of multi-period value-at-risk and expected shortfall across 3 industry indices in Tehran Stock Exchange such as chemical, v More

The present study compares the performance of the long memory FIGARCH model, with that of the short memory GARCH specification, in the forecasting of multi-period value-at-risk and expected shortfall across 3 industry indices in Tehran Stock Exchange such as chemical, vehicle and metals. The dataset is composed of daily data covering the period from May, 2011 to May, 2015. According to the result of this research accounting for fractional integration in the conditional variance model does not appear to improve the accuracy of the VaR forecasts for the 1-day-ahead, 10-day-ahead and 20-day-ahead forecasting horizons relative to the short memory GARCH specification. Furthermore, the GARCH model has a lower quadratic loss between actual returns and ES forecasts, for the majority of the indices considered in 1-day, 10-day and 20-day forecasting horizons. Therefore, a long memory volatility model compared to a short memory GARCH model does not appear to improve the VaR and ES forecasting accuracy, even for longer forecasting horizons. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Investigating different methods of estimating tail risk measures with generalized Pareto distribution in Tehran stock exchange
Eisa Mahmoudi Najme Dehqani Hojjatollah Sadeqi

The study of the probability of the occurrence of the extreme events (the events which occur with low probability of occurrence) is an important issue in the risk management. Extreme value theory calculates risk measures using extreme events for a financial basket, rega More

The study of the probability of the occurrence of the extreme events (the events which occur with low probability of occurrence) is an important issue in the risk management. Extreme value theory calculates risk measures using extreme events for a financial basket, regardless of the distribution function of the return of the financial assets. In this theory, the method of peaks over threshold is practically the most appropriate and applied method by the use of which separate modeling of the tail part of the dataset is possible by using the generalized Pareto distribution and the start of the appropriate threshold. For this reason, in this paper, the methods of maximum likelihood estimator, likelihood moment estimator, Zhang and the weighted nonlinear least squares under the POT framework have studied and compared to estimate the parameters of the generalized Pareto distribution in order to estimate the value at risk and the expected shortfall of indices of food other than sugar, banks, car, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, cement, agriculture, petroleum products, textiles, coal, financial , industrial, the price of 50 companies, free float and the second market of Tehran stock exchange from March 25, 2013 to May 18, 2016. The overall results show that the expected shortfall is a more coherent measure for risk calculation, and the nonlinear weighted least squares estimator under the POT framework provides better estimation for generalized Pareto distribution. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Prediction Stock Volatility and Probability Extreme Return
felor ghorashi ghodratollah emamverdi Sayedeh Mahboubeh Jafari Ali Baghani Yadollah NouriFard

This study examines the relationship between volatility and the probability of occurrence of expected extreme positive and negative returns in The thehran security market‌.‌‌ The purpose of this research is optimation portfolios via hold positive return and eleminate na More

This study examines the relationship between volatility and the probability of occurrence of expected extreme positive and negative returns in The thehran security market‌.‌‌ The purpose of this research is optimation portfolios via hold positive return and eleminate nagative return‌.‌‌ Two measures of volatility and the factor of expected shortfall are examined‌:‌‌ conditional volatility calculated using an EGARCH model and idiosyncratic volatility based on the Fama and French five-factor model and expected shortfall calculate with smi-parametric metod‌.‌‌ This paper is based on regresion probit‌‌ model and data use from 1382 to 7/1397‌.‌‌ A significantly positive relationship is observed between a firm’s idiosyncratic volatility and the probability of occurrence of an extreme return‌.‌‌ Other firm characteristics, including firm price, volume and Book-to-Market ratio, are also shown to be significantly related to firm extreme returns‌.‌‌ The relationship Between the age factor and exterem return is not found relation‌.‌‌ The effects of conditional and‌‌ expected shortfall are mixed‌.‌‌ Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Perception of Students on Business Social Responsibility (BSR) with Regards to Profitability, Long Term and Short Term Success of Firms in Nigerian (SEM Approach)
A. H. Goron Dutse H. Hilman

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Open Access Article

9 - The Effect of Accounting Conservatism on the Short-Term Attitude of Executives: Empirical evidence of companies admitted to Tehran Stock Exchange
Afsaneh Tavangar Mokhtar Keivanfar

Accounting conservatism in conditions of uncertainty creates a prudent approach in identifying and measuring earnings and assets. Also, the managers' short-term view of a superficial and limited view in thinking, planning and decision making is a description of a kind o More

Accounting conservatism in conditions of uncertainty creates a prudent approach in identifying and measuring earnings and assets. Also, the managers' short-term view of a superficial and limited view in thinking, planning and decision making is a description of a kind of bias or tendency that creates a serious constraint in choices and decisions. On the other hand, subconcidence is a concept that occurs frequently in everyday life, and its footprint is also seen in investment decisions, meaning that individuals are optimistic about their verdict and may hardly consider mistakes in their judgment. In this study, we tried to investigate the effect of accounting conservatism on the short-term attitude of long-term managers using data from 120 companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange during 2012 to 2016, combined data model and multivariate regression model. The results showed that there is a reverse and significant relationship between accounting conservatism and short-term attitude of managers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - The relationship between short-sighted profit quality management and investments in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange
Somayyeh Talezari Mohammadreza Abdoli

Managers myopic Than Their activities bias or Specific trends And this causes serious limitation And important for considering options and recommendations on the selection and decision-making. Given the importance of this issue, In this study examines the relationship b More

Managers myopic Than Their activities bias or Specific trends And this causes serious limitation And important for considering options and recommendations on the selection and decision-making. Given the importance of this issue, In this study examines the relationship between short-sighted profit quality management and investments in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange was paid. The sample includes 127 companies in Tehran Stock Exchange for the period 1389- 1393 and multivariate regression model was used econometric panel data. Results showed an increase in short-sighted management can be reduced earnings quality and corporate investment. The findings suggest that lead to short-sighted management decisions Nakaramdshdh and affects firm value. This management style has detrimental effects on firm value and investment opportunities loses. Results control variables showed a control variable Size, MV, Cash, RoA positive effect and negative effect on earnings quality and the LEV variable investment company. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Formulation of Trans Free Shortening Based on Canola, Palm Olein and Fully Hydrogenated Soybean Oils Blends; The Application on Biscuit
S. Laghaei M. Gharachorloo

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Open Access Article

12 - Explain the role of investors with long-term / short-term investment horizons, monitoring different perspectives of managerial decisions
majid kalantari javad ramezani mehdi khalilpour yahya kamyabi

In this study, we investigate the role of investors with long-term / short-term investment horizons, supervise management decisions in terms of characteristics of financing decisions, dividend payout decisions and volatility variables. This research is based on the publ More

In this study, we investigate the role of investors with long-term / short-term investment horizons, supervise management decisions in terms of characteristics of financing decisions, dividend payout decisions and volatility variables. This research is based on the published data of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during 2008-2009 with a sample of 99 companies selected. Hypotheses were tested using multivariate linear regression model and econometric models. The research hypotheses are based on the combined / hybrid data and the partial least squares approach of the hypothesis test. The results show that, in companies with long-term, short-term investment horizons, management decisions are monitored from the perspective of financing decisions. In companies with long-to-short-term investor horizons, monitoring of managerial decisions is from the perspective of dividend payout decisions. In companies with long-term short-term investment horizons, monitoring of managerial decisions is a profitable variable. In companies with long-term-short-term investor horizons, monitoring of management decisions is from the perspective of volatility variables. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Systemic risk assessment models: a better approach in Iranian financial institutions
majid noroozi Hamid Reza Kordlouei Reza gholamijamkarani hossein Jahangirnia

ریسک سیستمیک به خطر شکست سیستم مالی یا شکست کل بازار اطلاق می‌شود. این ریسک می‌تواند از بی‌ثباتی یا بحران در مؤسسات مالی نشأت بگیرد و در اثر سرایت به کل نظام مالی انتقال یابد. به‌عبارتی ریسک سیستمیک به میزان به‌ هم‌پیوستگی در یک سیستم مالی اشاره دارد جایی‌که شکست در یک More

ریسک سیستمیک به خطر شکست سیستم مالی یا شکست کل بازار اطلاق می‌شود. این ریسک می‌تواند از بی‌ثباتی یا بحران در مؤسسات مالی نشأت بگیرد و در اثر سرایت به کل نظام مالی انتقال یابد. به‌عبارتی ریسک سیستمیک به میزان به‌ هم‌پیوستگی در یک سیستم مالی اشاره دارد جایی‌که شکست در یک نهاد مالی می‌تواند به بحران کل سیستم منجر شود. این تحقیق با توجه به رویکردهای مختلف جهت اندازه&rlm;گیری ریسک سیستمیک به دنبال انتخاب رویکرد بهتر برای اندازه&rlm;گیری ریسک سیستمیک است. انتخاب رویکرد بهتر با توجه به خطای پیش&rlm;بینی ارائه شده توسط هریک از مدل&rlm;ها است. مدل‌های به کار گرفته شده اعم از مدل&rlm;های گارچی چند متغیره، مدل ارائه شده توسط برانلس و انگل به نام VCT، مدل&rlm;های عاملی&rlm;، مدل&rlm;های آماری دومتغیره است. نتایج تحقیق نشان می&rlm;دهد که مدل پیشنهادی برانلس و انگل (VCT) خطای کمتری را نسبت به سایر مدل&rlm;ها از خود نشان داده است. Manuscript profile

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14 - Optimal short-term prediction of initial supply yields using bat and random forest algorithms
hosein rostamkhani behroz khodarahmi Azita Jahanshad

The purpose of this study is to predict short-term stock returns in initial public offerings using random bat and forest algorithms. In this study, companies that were listed on the OTC market of Iran for the first time during the period 1394 to 1399 were selected as a More

The purpose of this study is to predict short-term stock returns in initial public offerings using random bat and forest algorithms. In this study, companies that were listed on the OTC market of Iran for the first time during the period 1394 to 1399 were selected as a statistical sample. MATLAB software was used to analyze the data. Two scenarios were proposed to test the hypotheses. The first scenario was considered as annual and the second scenario as 6 years. Financial data with 11 factors: short-term market return, short-term return on new stock, market trends, company age, company size, annual sales, return on assets, return on equity, initial public offering price, operating profit, Cash flow from operations as influential factors and excess return of the offered share relative to the influential operating market entered the algorithms as input assumptions to predict the optimal amount. The results obtained from the bat algorithm indicate that the bat algorithm was able to provide better performance in predicting short-term stock returns in initial public offering in both scenarios and is not much different. While the results of accuracy in predicting the random forest algorithm in the second scenario compared to the first scenario has increased by about 12%. It can be concluded that the use of emerging bat and jungle algorithms in predicting short-term returns can help investors in predicting maximum returns and selecting the best stocks based on a precise and accurate pattern. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Rating parametric and nonparametric methods for estimating the expected shortfall and value at risk
Mohammadreza Rostami Alireza Saranj Zoha Savari

Financial market developments make it more important to measure market risks correctly. In this paper we investigatethe forecasting accuracy of different historical simulation models in relation to the risk measure expected shortfall and in comparison to established par More

Financial market developments make it more important to measure market risks correctly. In this paper we investigatethe forecasting accuracy of different historical simulation models in relation to the risk measure expected shortfall and in comparison to established parametric models.we used historical simulation, mirrored historical simulatin,volatility weighted historical simulation,filtered historical simulation and GARCH(1,1) models.The data that we used consists of Tehran stock exchange market index from 2010 to 2014.Christofferson backtest used for value at risk and mc neil & frey backtest used for expected shortfall. According to unconditional coverage backtesting ,mirrored historical simulation model was rejected and others were accepted and  according to independence backtesting all models were accepted thus the christoferson backtest will omit the mirrored historical simulation model and According to mc neil and frey backtest all models were accepted and finally the model confidence set procedure showed that semi parametric models are best models to forecast expected shortfall. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - The Impact of Income Management on the Performance of Shares Valuation Models
Ali Baghani

Choosing a suitable method for stock assessment can be responsive to the needs of investors in determining the fair value of the stock. But the question is whether earnings management can affect performance evaluation models? In order to answer this question, In this s More

Choosing a suitable method for stock assessment can be responsive to the needs of investors in determining the fair value of the stock. But the question is whether earnings management can affect performance evaluation models? In order to answer this question, In this study hypotheses regarding the impact of earnings management on the performance evaluation model based on Residual income and based on discounted cash flow in the two – year short term periods and seven –year long term periods were developed. This study, which was performed by the correlation analysis, by using regression analysis and Means Comparison test, tries to provide the possibility of the optimal model selection for investors. The population of this study is Companies listed on the Stock Exchange which has been active in the period of 1379-1390 years. The results indicate that in the short-term horizon, earnings management hasn't a significant effect on the predictive ability of the listed evaluation models. But in the long-term time horizon Income smoothing has a significant effect on the evaluation models’forecast error, and in the long-term timescales Residual income model has Lower prediction error. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Optimization the Availability of a System with Short Circuit and Common Cause Failures
مانی شریفی محمدرضا شهریاری شاهین خوش نیت

 Redundancy allocation problem is one of the most important problems in reliability field. In this problem, the reliability and availability of the systems are maximized via allocating redundant components to subsystems. Many different assumptions are considered to More

 Redundancy allocation problem is one of the most important problems in reliability field. In this problem, the reliability and availability of the systems are maximized via allocating redundant components to subsystems. Many different assumptions are considered to draw this problem near to real conditions. In this paper, we work on a system with k-out-o-n subsystems as well as considering short circuit and common cause failures for the components in each subs in addition to ordinary components failures. Obviously, the components are repairable. We present a Markov model to show the effects of these two failures on system availability. For solving the presented model, we used Biographic Based Optimization (BBO) algorithm and minimize the system cost to achieve the predetermined system availability. We used the BBO algorithm for calculating the availability of the system, and response surface methodology for tuning the algorithm parameters. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Woman; Jalal Al Ahmad; Federico Garcia Lorca; Short Story; Play
زهره اله دادی دستجردی soodabe bashi zade

10.30495/clq.2022.1929461.2166

his research is a comparative study between the literature of Iran and the literature of Spain on the subject of women and his place in the family and society. The case study of this research focuses on short stories by Jalal Al Ahmad and three plays by Federico Garcia More

his research is a comparative study between the literature of Iran and the literature of Spain on the subject of women and his place in the family and society. The case study of this research focuses on short stories by Jalal Al Ahmad and three plays by Federico Garcia Lorca with the names of Blood Wedding Names, Yerma, Bernarda Alba's House.In this comparative study, the status and role of women in the family and society in the literature of Iran and Spain are examined. To restrict the research field, Jalal Al-Ahmad's short stories and Federico Garcia Lorca's plays have been recognized as two authoritative authors in both countries. In the beginning, a brief overview of the history of life and socio-cultural activities of both writers has been presented, and the woman, his position and image have first been studied separately in each and every one of the works, and then adaptively.The following is a familiarization with the history of life and the days of Jalal al-Ahmad and Federico García Lorca; in order to become familiar with the historical, political and social context of their life, a comparative study of the status of women in their works is desirable. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - An Analysis on Semiotics of Animal Fantasy Characters in Persian and English Children Literature
Sediqeh Sadat Meqdari Fahimeh Tokhm Afshan Rahim Ansari Pour

The importance of fantasy stories is in children's unconscious and educating the subjects to deliver the messages or useful understanding. In many fantasy stories, live and insentient characters always depict part of children's expectations or thoughts in the form of th More

The importance of fantasy stories is in children's unconscious and educating the subjects to deliver the messages or useful understanding. In many fantasy stories, live and insentient characters always depict part of children's expectations or thoughts in the form of their own characters; they enter children's unconscious and affect them through story dramatizing. The present research studies the works in the field of children's fantasy literature in Persian and English and survey them from discourse comparative analysis viewpoint. In order to achieve this, two story series have been chosen: "Helen Beatrix Potter stories" in English and "Short stories for little children" in Persian. By studying semiotics of fantasy characters, the outcomes show that fantasy as a branch of literature is not different in Persian and English and the only difference is in data and different presentment of fantasy characters. Manuscript profile

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20 - The Fictionalize System in Sadegh Hedayat and William Faulkner's Short Stories
Masoumeh Hakim Atar Hakim Atar Yadollah Taleshi

The present paper attempts to know Iran and America's fiction literature much better. The purpose is to express the narrative structure of Hedayat and Faulkner's short stories. Three short stories (Three drops of blood, Dash Akol, stray dog) by Hedayat and three (a rose More

The present paper attempts to know Iran and America's fiction literature much better. The purpose is to express the narrative structure of Hedayat and Faulkner's short stories. Three short stories (Three drops of blood, Dash Akol, stray dog) by Hedayat and three (a rose for Emily, The dry September, Barn burning) by Faulkner are chosen. Then the story elements of fictionalize which were interested by Faulkner and Hedayat have been surveyed. The present article also studies Faulkner and Hedayat's method in characterization, dialogue, point of view, intra – text and narration.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - The comparison of personification in Iranian and foreign short stories
Shadman Shokravi Masoud Norouzian

The present article surveys the outlook to the systems theory and the status of its usage in analyzing the short stories. The personification and specially the relations between them at the beginning and the end of the story by emphasizing the systems theory has been st More

The present article surveys the outlook to the systems theory and the status of its usage in analyzing the short stories. The personification and specially the relations between them at the beginning and the end of the story by emphasizing the systems theory has been studied in this article. Some results have been obtained including: 1. A story is a system generally; namely the systematic system. 2. A system may respond a single firm response to all outputs in a special case. 3. One of the most important factors is sensitivity. The function of some short stories lacks this sensitivity. 4. The other factor is the random variable. The probability of differ-ent events is equal. 5. There are some systems which the final behavior is dependant from the beginning; indeed the output is dependent from the input. 6. The other capability in systems is the system’s memory or intel-lectualism. That’s why some of the stories are understandable despite of their complexity. 7. The last factor is the tendency toward form rather than the prear-ranged patterns. Manuscript profile

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22 - Short Story in Iran and Egypt: Applied Study of Aliacharf Darwisaan’s story " He doen’t have " and Yusuf Idris’s “A Glance”
Majid Salehbek Fatemeh Biglary

The literature of an era is said to be the full-vision mirror of that era and a study of the literature of each era expresses the characteristics of that given period. This is particularly more evident with the modern genres of literature such as the novel and short sto More

The literature of an era is said to be the full-vision mirror of that era and a study of the literature of each era expresses the characteristics of that given period. This is particularly more evident with the modern genres of literature such as the novel and short story. The Literature of any country is influenced by its political, social and cultural conditions.Iran and Egypt are not excluded from this rule. There have been writers in both countries who turned their faces towards short stories with a realistic style to express the problems of their societies. This paper has chosen two of Iranian and Egyptian writers named Ali Ashraf Darvishian and Yousef Edris, who have to some extent similar styles in writing stories, and two of their short stories; and after presenting a short biography of each, and stating the elements contributing to the advent of "short story" in these two countries, has studied and contrasted these two stories and finally stated their similarities and differences in their social thought. Manuscript profile

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23 - THE WORKS OF SADEGH CHUBAK AND THE HOW HE WAS AFFECTED BY THE WORKS OF ERNEST MILLER HEMINGWAY
Leila Hashemian Shahin Eslami

Sadegh Chubak as one of the greatest short story writers like Jalal Ale Ahmad and Sadegh Hedayat has made attempts in the promotion of simple writing and breaking the tradition of eloquence inherited from the past literature. He is a realist writer and hi More

Sadegh Chubak as one of the greatest short story writers like Jalal Ale Ahmad and Sadegh Hedayat has made attempts in the promotion of simple writing and breaking the tradition of eloquence inherited from the past literature. He is a realist writer and his stories include realities which familiarize the reader with the situation in the 14th century. His style of writing reminds the reader of the 20th century American writers in spite of having independency and being unique. The present article tries to show how Saegh Chubakhas been affected by Ernest Miller Hemingway the creator of the beautiful novel “The Old Man and The Sea” and the winner of the Nobel Prize. Manuscript profile

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24 - Comparative Study on Magical Realism in Saedi and Márquez works
Arash Moshfeqi Elham Alavi

The present paper intends to study the elements of magical realism in Gholam Hossein Sa'edi and Gabriel García Márquez's works comparatively. Saedi – one of Iran's famous contemporary literary men in the field of story writing. Gabriel García More

The present paper intends to study the elements of magical realism in Gholam Hossein Sa'edi and Gabriel García Márquez's works comparatively. Saedi – one of Iran's famous contemporary literary men in the field of story writing. Gabriel García Márquez is also the one whose name is linked with magical realism and is known as avant-garde in the mentioned literature. Both authors have left similar works in this genre in which both can be seen bitter, morbid as well as satirist and nihilist. Manuscript profile

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25 - A study of similarities and differences of Sadegh Chubak and Edgar Allan Poe's short stories
Afsaneh Sehhati Shadman Shokravi Mahdi Farhoodi Nia

Sadegh Chubak is a pioneer founder of short story in Iran. Meanwhile Edgar Allan Poe is known as the founder of principles and bases of short story in the world. Chubak was the first Iranian to translate Poe's famous poem "The Raven" into Persian. The present article st More

Sadegh Chubak is a pioneer founder of short story in Iran. Meanwhile Edgar Allan Poe is known as the founder of principles and bases of short story in the world. Chubak was the first Iranian to translate Poe's famous poem "The Raven" into Persian. The present article studies the points of similarity and difference in themes and structures of their works. The results of such a comparison show that Sadegh Chubak just like Sadegh Hedayat was influenced by Allan Poe. But there are also differences between them, the most important of which is found in the themes and backgrounds of their stories. As opposed to Allan Poe, Chubak is a writer with an opposing point of view. two other structural features of Poe, are his innovations in applying minor events to the plot and imagery. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - A Study of the Bakhtinian Concept of Heteroglossia in Jamalzadeh’s “Kabaab-e Ghaaz”
Leila Hashemian Ebrahim Vasheghani Farahani Fardin Sharifnia

This paper is an attempt to analyze the Bakhtinian concept of heteroglossia in Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh’s short story “Kabaab-e Ghaaz” (The Roasted Duck). Analysis of such features as comic style, language, contemporary reality, character zones, discour More

This paper is an attempt to analyze the Bakhtinian concept of heteroglossia in Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh’s short story “Kabaab-e Ghaaz” (The Roasted Duck). Analysis of such features as comic style, language, contemporary reality, character zones, discourse, and the author’s refraction and deviation gives the reader new insights into so far neglected or superficially considered layers and enables him/her to become more acquainted with the author’s language as well as with the relativism and dialogism of the ideological system of the story. Analysis of heteroglossia in Jamalzadeh’s works is important in that he is accredited with the beginning of realism in Iranian fiction. “Kabaab-e Ghaaz” is a comic short story and laughter, which is central to heteroglossia, acts as one of its conspicuous elements. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Comparative Study on Dirty Realism in Chubak and Carver Works
Mahdi Norouz Mojgan Tahmasebi Setoodeh

Realism is a literary school which became popular during 1850 and 1880 in United States of America and Europe. The most important feature of realistic works is that it introduces human as a social creature and seeks all evil and good behaviors’ roots in the societ More

Realism is a literary school which became popular during 1850 and 1880 in United States of America and Europe. The most important feature of realistic works is that it introduces human as a social creature and seeks all evil and good behaviors’ roots in the society.   Raymond Carver is one of the American most famous short story writers who is known as a pioneer in dirty realism. Sadeq Chubak is one the most effective writers of Iran’s contemporary literature which dirty realism is remarkable in his works. The present paper is a comparative research to find out the existing similarities and differences in Carver and Chubak’s works in descriptive – analytical method. The approach of the research is historical and based on the “American School” theoretical framework. By studying their works, it could be find out that both writers narrate ruins, breaking downs and lacks in humans’ life y assisting a common language. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Analysis of the narrative technique of "short connection" in the novel "Al Farashe Zarqa" by Rabi Jaber
Fatemeh Abbasi Hafeshjani Leila Ghasemi Hajiabadi tahere chaldare

Para-narrative is one of the most obvious styles of post-modern story writing. As its title suggests, it has been used to transition from a normal narrative to an innovative and unconventional one. In this postmodern method, which was proposed by writers from the last d More

Para-narrative is one of the most obvious styles of post-modern story writing. As its title suggests, it has been used to transition from a normal narrative to an innovative and unconventional one. In this postmodern method, which was proposed by writers from the last decades of the 20th century to breathe a new spirit into the novel, various and numerous contemporary components are used, the most important and prominent of which is "short connection", which means creating a triangular and triangular connection between the author. The audience is the author of the story and the author of the character. This article discusses the wide use of postmodern techniques in Rabi Jaber's fictional works and analyzes this technique in the author's novel "Al Farasha Zarqa" to show how contemporary Arab novelists, according to the stylistic requirements and literary currents of the world, use this method technically and Industrialists are employed. The result shows that Rabi Jaber has used this method in the mentioned novel for innovation, dynamism and creation of a new and new narrative, as well as introducing important and modern themes and breaking the old taboos of the classic novel and blurring the border between fantasy and reality. It should be noted that the method used in this research is descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Jabra and Short Story
Hussein Shams Abadi Mohammad Jahanbin

The present article studies the short stories by Jabra Ibrahim Jabra the Iraqi writer who was born in Palestine. He is among the neo-writers of Arabic literature concerning poetry, translation, criticism and novel. His collection “Ergh and other Stories” is More

The present article studies the short stories by Jabra Ibrahim Jabra the Iraqi writer who was born in Palestine. He is among the neo-writers of Arabic literature concerning poetry, translation, criticism and novel. His collection “Ergh and other Stories” is one of his first experiences in story writing. His stories seem to be an introduction or a conclusion to his novel which was inspired by romantic literature and mixes romanticism, realism and symbolism. Jabra writes from the breadth of his imagination until reality is revealed. Manuscript profile

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30 - Review On The Thoughts Of Najib Mahfouz
Akbar Bashiri

Najib Mahfouz was born in 1911. He got his B.A in philosophy and became interested in literature. His literary life started in 1921 with writing philosophical and social articles in newspapers. His literary life can be divided into three stages: 1. The Romantic stag More

Najib Mahfouz was born in 1911. He got his B.A in philosophy and became interested in literature. His literary life started in 1921 with writing philosophical and social articles in newspapers. His literary life can be divided into three stages: 1. The Romantic stage including the works such as "Mohabbat Al-aghdar", "Radopis" and "Kafah Tebiyyah" 2. The stage of social realities including the works such as "New Cairo". 3. The stage of philosophical realities including the works such as "our neighbors children"  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - The Emergence of Short Story and its Features in Egypt
Hossein Shamsabadi Fereshteh Afzali Gholamreza Golchinrad

Short story is built on a single story that have a single impact and it is a short detail of human life.The length of the short story and the time to read does not take from the listener and the reader but a short time. And that is one of the updated arts that have e More

Short story is built on a single story that have a single impact and it is a short detail of human life.The length of the short story and the time to read does not take from the listener and the reader but a short time. And that is one of the updated arts that have emerged in the modern era and Arabs did not know this kind of story in past ages and it has no roots in the heritage of storytelling and in fact, the Arabs took it from Western literature after their relationship and their contact with the West.And the Egyptian short story has grown following the events of the First World War and it appeared with the emergence and generation of numerous conflicts in the world and the subsequent 1919 revolution after a break from French translations of short stories and explicit excerpts.And among the pioneers of the story of the early Arab is Jorji Zeydan, the forerunner of the historical story, and Jebran, the forerunner of the stories, and Mikhael Naemah, with whom have been completed the elements of the artistry stories and the pioneer character, Professor Mahmood Teymoor, the prominent short story writer.  Manuscript profile

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32 - Decoding "The River" by Zakaria Tamer
Yahya Marouf Ali Parvaneh Mehran Najafi Hajivar

Mystification in literature is one of the methods of meaning transfer to the reader (audience) which makes the speech more attractive. Since the mystery involves different reasons and causes it is not possible consider special frame for its concepts. Mystery is the best More

Mystification in literature is one of the methods of meaning transfer to the reader (audience) which makes the speech more attractive. Since the mystery involves different reasons and causes it is not possible consider special frame for its concepts. Mystery is the best tool that a poet or author can apply it in order to express the close political and social conditions of a country. Zakaria Tamer – Syrian novelist – who has various experiences in novel writing, enjoys the mysteries in his works. "The river" is one of his mysterious stories in which he applied the mysteries in order to express his own thoughts and inner implications. This story contains some main and secondary characters who all played the role well. Manuscript profile

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33 - Omission in Short Stories from Cohesion and Coherence Point of View
Nasim Arabi Mina Arabi

Omission technique in Arabic language would be done by a verbal or abstract correlation and its aim is to avoid the exhausting repetitions and make the context more attractive. This technique has other goals which is its main role in maximum shortening and make it more More

Omission technique in Arabic language would be done by a verbal or abstract correlation and its aim is to avoid the exhausting repetitions and make the context more attractive. This technique has other goals which is its main role in maximum shortening and make it more comprehensive; in other word it intends to fortify the text by long and numerous concepts with short amount. On the other hand the theorists analyze the Cohesion and Coherence theory by an up to date view and have found remarkable effects of this technique on other elements of the text. Manuscript profile

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34 - Innovation of Yousof Edris in short story
Hasan Majidi Mohammad Amin Roodini Ayeshe Beganji

The revolution of 1919 and its positive and negative results reflex on the story’s form and subject. In this period, people were interested to draw events and reflect political and social events of society in their works. They want no more to see their desired More

The revolution of 1919 and its positive and negative results reflex on the story’s form and subject. In this period, people were interested to draw events and reflect political and social events of society in their works. They want no more to see their desired world in phantom and dream, because their information to problems of society had increased and they had acquired sufficient statement ability and self- confidence. Yusof Edris is one who his stories is showing the periodُ s literary and social particulars.  He was known as literary Innovator with effecting from environment and translated stories of West and with creating stories by novel method and subjects. . Tendency of Yusof Edris is real. He has gone various processes noticed from society changes i. e. his realistic manner have also changed on the spur of the Societyُ s conditions which are these stages in order: Romance realism, critical realism, cryptic realism… Manuscript profile

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35 - Syrian Short Stories in thirties and middle forties
Fatemeh Khalili

The present article is an attempt to review the Syrian Short Storyfrom the period between 1931 to 1947 and its development. Syrian Short Stories in this period are affected by cultural, political and historical events.

The present article is an attempt to review the Syrian Short Storyfrom the period between 1931 to 1947 and its development. Syrian Short Stories in this period are affected by cultural, political and historical events. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

36 - The Position of Palestinian Literature in Jabra Ibrahim Jabra's Works
Hussein Shamsabadi fereshteh afzali Asghar Moulavi Nafchi Parviz Lakzaeeyan Fakoor

Jabra Ibrahim Jabra, one of the most prolific Arab authors, has enriched the Arabic library and the mind of his audience by first functioning as a link in a rich chain of past cultural, artistic, and literary heritage; and second by reflecting the modern Arab intellectu More

Jabra Ibrahim Jabra, one of the most prolific Arab authors, has enriched the Arabic library and the mind of his audience by first functioning as a link in a rich chain of past cultural, artistic, and literary heritage; and second by reflecting the modern Arab intellectual's classical mindset. He has a multifaceted career as a short story writer, novelist, critic, poet, playwright, and painting. His fictional style has scarcely been studied. He has printed seven novels and one story collection. Manuscript profile

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37 - An analysis of evolution and formation of Maghamat
Mohammad Moradi

Maghameh is one of the literary styles that has been created in the fourth century. The present article studies various aspects of this literary style. First it defines it and then studies its formation and growth followed by its characteristics, sources and different v More

Maghameh is one of the literary styles that has been created in the fourth century. The present article studies various aspects of this literary style. First it defines it and then studies its formation and growth followed by its characteristics, sources and different views on it. It attempts to study Malek Al Shoara Bahar’s works and his goals in using Maghameh, affects and similes in his poetry. Also the affects of Persian and Arabic literati from Badi’ Al Zaman and his knowledge has been studied. At the end of the article Persian and new Arabic Maghamt has been introduced. Manuscript profile

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38 - The importance of short chain fatty acids synthesized by intestinal microorganisms, as an epigenetic factor, in reducing the incidence of colon cancer
Shiva Darabi Fatemeh Keshavarzi parviz Ahtari Farahnaz Motamedi Sedeh Behrouz Alirezapour

Objective: The mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer are still not well understood, but diet is the main factor that has multifaceted effects, including changes in the host's metabolome and transcriptome. Metabolites obtained from diet can directl More

Objective: The mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer are still not well understood, but diet is the main factor that has multifaceted effects, including changes in the host's metabolome and transcriptome. Metabolites obtained from diet can directly affect the metabolism of the whole body. The purpose ofthis study is to review the effect of intestinal microbiota through the synthesis ofshort chain fatty acids (acetate, butyrate and propionate), and as a result, the induction of cytochrome P4501A1 gene expression in the prevention and treatment of colon cancer.Materials and methods: Using keywords, searching and collecting articles from PubMed and citation databases, I.S. I. (ISI web of Knowledge), SCOPUS, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Oxford and Ovid, as well as the most famous internal databases including the Academic Jihad Database (SID), Iranmedex, Magiran, Irandoc and MedLib were performed.Findings: Undigested food ingredients that enter the large intestine are fermented by intestinal microbiota and fermentative metabolites are produced that perform a wide range of effective functions. Some of these metabolites interact with the intestinal immune system, including short-chain fatty acids, aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands, and bile acid metabolites that play a role in inducing intestinal immune homeostasis.It seems that the protective effects of short chain fatty acids synthesized by microorganisms, in colon cancer by inhibiting the activity of histone deacetylase and strengthening the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and thus protecting DNA against damage caused by carcinogens, by activating xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, such as Cytochrome P4501A1, apply.Conclusion: The present study presented a new perspective regarding the importance of intestinal microbiota through the production of short chain fatty acids, especially acetate, butyrate and propionate, as medicinal targets for the prevention and even treatment of colorectal cancer. Manuscript profile

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39 - A Study on the Story Thresholds in Bozorg Alavi’s Short Stories (Based on Robert Funk's theory)
amin banitalebi masoud foroozandeh jahangir safari Esmail Sadege

10.30495/dk.2022.690471

The world of short stories includes the characters and events in which they are created, and the ultimate goal of any writer is to persuade the reader to enter this creative world. The entrance that opens the way for the reader to enter and be drawn to this imaginary wo More

The world of short stories includes the characters and events in which they are created, and the ultimate goal of any writer is to persuade the reader to enter this creative world. The entrance that opens the way for the reader to enter and be drawn to this imaginary world is the threshold of the story. Bozorg Alavi is one of the storytellers who has played a significant role in the evolution of short stories and the spread of critical realism insight, and in this regard, he has tried, especially in his early stories, to pay attention to modern storytelling techniques, including paying informed artists. Drawing on elements such as mystery and ambiguity, dialogue, conflict and indicative scenes evoke the reader's attention and interest. In the present study, the author, after a brief analysis of the theories presented in the field of storytelling, seeks to rely on Robert Funk's theory and add adverbs to it, using a descriptive-analytical method, after determining the beginning and end of the threshold of great short stories. Alavi and the mechanisms of their beginning, examine the initial sentences of the stories and, if necessary, point out their strengths and weaknesses. The results indicate that the great Alavi in his stories paid special attention to the combination of beginning and beginning with staging, and most of his storytelling skills were reflected in the initial staging section. Also, among the tricks of how to finish the threshold, he paid the most attention to the details of the story, which is the central focus of the narrative "clarity", but in this way, due to the rupture between the threshold and the middle of the story, he did not act very craftily. Manuscript profile

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40 - An Investigation of the Selected Linguistic Tricks (Vocabulary and Expressions), Fiction (Spatialization) and Content (Dreaming) in Short Stories by Female Writers from the 70s to the 90s
Fatemeh Ahmadi Mohammad Moradi

10.30495/dk.2021.1933821.2297

The study of women's storytelling and common techniques in their works has been one of the topics of interest in contemporary fiction research. However, Previous research has mainly focused on the study of women's novels, the collection of short stories by leading femal More

The study of women's storytelling and common techniques in their works has been one of the topics of interest in contemporary fiction research. However, Previous research has mainly focused on the study of women's novels, the collection of short stories by leading female writers has been less well-researched, especially in recent decades. Hence, a collection of short stories selected from 9 female authors in the literary awards of the 70s to 90s (three authors per decade) was selected and their short stories were analyzed according to the three linguistic tricks (words and expressions), Fiction (atmosphere) and content (dreaming). Furthermore, the evolution of such techniques have been analyzed and compared in the last three decades. The results of the study show that as we move from the 1970s to the 1990s, female writers have used feminine words and expressions less frequently in their short stories. Contrary to the linguistic course of the stories, from the perspective of creating a space, the writers of the stories of the 90s have used home spaces more than other decades (80s and 70s, respectively). In addition, among the home spaces, the most emphasis has been given to sad spaces. In terms of the content element of dreaming, the stories of the 70s differ from other decades, and in the 90s and 80s, this element had little representation in women's stories, a point that may be due to the escape from romantic concepts and a tendency towards realism in the short stories of these two decades. Manuscript profile

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41 - Sociological Criticism of the Short Story Collection Scattered Memories by Goli Taraghi
Mansooreh Bagheri Mazraeh Abdol Reza Modarres Zadeh

10.30495/dk.2021.1915327.2136

The sociological criticism of literature is a scientific discipline which initially tries to extract social issues through the literary works by focusing on the content. The  contemporary Hungarian thinker, George Lukacs, made major changes in this discipline. In L More

The sociological criticism of literature is a scientific discipline which initially tries to extract social issues through the literary works by focusing on the content. The  contemporary Hungarian thinker, George Lukacs, made major changes in this discipline. In Lucien Goldmann's genetic structuralism approach, based on Lukacs’s views, the aesthetic techniques of the text in parallel with it’s content are studied and the overall structure of the story and the structures of society that story developed in, correspond to each other. With regard to the fact that intended research field of the present research is social novel, this article is going to deal with the short story in a descriptive-analytical way with genetic structuralism approach and by the case of study of Scattered Memories by Goli Taraghi, and  seeks to explore how society is represented in the imaginary world of a short story collection. The results show that although none of the stories happened at the same time, this book approximately is in line with the events of Iran milieu after the revolution and after the war, in content and form. Moreover, by expressing the consequences of prejudice in the first decade of the revolution and the consequences of modernity in the second decade, it implicitly, invites the audience to pluralism and to avoid luxury. Manuscript profile

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42 - A Critique of the Short Story "General Amnesty" by Bozorg Alavi in the Light of Sociological Theory of Emile Durkheim's Punishment
Leila Khayatan Farzaneh Yousef Ghanbari Nasim Khajehzadeh Masoud Kheradmandpour

10.30495/dk.2021.1919453.2171

Bozorg Alavi is one of the greatest contemporary novelists who has played a significant role in the development of short stories in contemporary literature. In all his stories, he has critically addressed various issues of society. One of Alavi’s short stories is More

Bozorg Alavi is one of the greatest contemporary novelists who has played a significant role in the development of short stories in contemporary literature. In all his stories, he has critically addressed various issues of society. One of Alavi’s short stories is the story of “general amnesty”. In this story, the author depicts the social realities and changes of that time. In this research, an attempt has been made to adapt the issues criticized in this story to Durkheim's sociological theory of punishment. Emile Durkheim thinks about punishment that punishment has the function of integrating society. In his view, when a crime occurs, the values and morals of society are violated. As a result, society feels threatened and reacts. Punishment is the emotional and natural reaction of society to the defect of collective values. In this research, the author intends to study the short story "General Amnesty" by Bozorg Alavi based on Durkheim's sociological theory of punishment in an analytical-descriptive and library method. The results show that although punishments change over time their origins will not change. From this point of view, the change of punishments is, in a way, the adaptation of the punishment to the collective conscience of the time. In fact, as society changes, so does punishment. Manuscript profile

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43 - An Analysis and Interpretation of Bozorg Alavi’s Dezashoub Based on the Sociology of Content Theory
meysam zare jahangir safari

Bozorg Alavi is among those great Iranian writers who play a significant role in the evolution and development of short story writing in Iranian contemporary literature. Taking a critical realism approach in his stories, Alavi writes about the society and lets his reade More

Bozorg Alavi is among those great Iranian writers who play a significant role in the evolution and development of short story writing in Iranian contemporary literature. Taking a critical realism approach in his stories, Alavi writes about the society and lets his readers to know about the community in which he used to live. Dezashoub is among his stories which reflect the changing milieu of his time. The present research has tried, via a descriptive-analytical approach, to consider the story of Dezashoub based on the sociology of content theory to unveil how the social life of people may change. The research revealed despite the fact that after modern social developments rural girls have found the opportunity to leave their village for big cities in order to enjoy schooling and higher education, they never go back to live in their villages, because the huge difference between the rural and urban facilities as well as the altered culture and lifestyle make them prefer the new urban life over their previous rural one. Manuscript profile

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44 - The Function of Language in Characterization as Applied in Sadeq Hedayat’s Short Stories
Fateme Heydari Nasrin Naseri

One of the touchstones to appraise the value and the durability of literary fiction is the appropriateness between the function of language and its users, i.e. fictional characters. Language has a close relationship with the paralinguistic and social propositions such a More

One of the touchstones to appraise the value and the durability of literary fiction is the appropriateness between the function of language and its users, i.e. fictional characters. Language has a close relationship with the paralinguistic and social propositions such as social status, age, gender, education, environment, job and hierarchy of authority. Sadeq Hedayat’s works are the inherent part of Iranian contemporary fiction. As the title of this paper may suggest, his works are worth to be studied in that sense. This paper explores, through an analytic-descriptive approach, the relationship between the function of language and Hedayat’s characters while considering the paralinguistic and social propositions. It also argues that Hedayat has been aware of the paralinguistic and social propositions and successful in applying them in characterization of his stories. Manuscript profile

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45 - A Study of the Effect of Auditing Committee on the Relationship between Investors’ Short-Sightedness and Research and Development Costs
AliReza Ghanbarzadeh Behbahani Mohammad Abedi Zoheyr Alipourzadeh

Purpose: Investors’ short-sightedness is a factor that makes them overestimate short-term and underestimate long-term interests. This behavior of investors motivates the directors to overestimate short-term performance of the company by decreasing its research and More

Purpose: Investors’ short-sightedness is a factor that makes them overestimate short-term and underestimate long-term interests. This behavior of investors motivates the directors to overestimate short-term performance of the company by decreasing its research and development costs. On the other hand, the auditing committee as a powerful mechanism of corporation authority makes a contribution to supervise responsibility of the board of directors through surveillance of the financial reporting process, autonomy of auditors, and effectiveness of internal controls. In this regard, the present research aims to review the effect of auditing committee on the relationship between investors’ short-sightedness and research and development costs in corporations accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange,Method: The information of 150 companies were collected and analyzed by systematic deletion method during a 7-year-old period from 2007 to 2013. Hypotheses testing was conducted using multivariate regression and ordinary least square method with mixed data.Results: Investors’ short-sightedness has a significantly negative impact on research and development costs. It means that as investors’ short-sightedness increases, research and development costs decline. The results also showed that the size of the corporation's auditing committee has a significantly decreasing impact on the negative relation between investors' short-sightedness and research and development costs and makes the correlation between those two variables positive. The autonomy of the corporation's auditing committee has a moderating effect on the negative correlation between investors' short-sightedness and research and development costs and decreases its intensity. It means that the decrease in the size and autonomy of the auditing committee decreases the negative relation between investors' short-sightedness and research and development costs.Conclusion: Considering the negative effect of investors' short-sightedness on research and development costs that encourages the directors to decrease long-term investment in future research and development, it is suggested to the managers to regard long-term consequences of decreasing investment in this field because they will decline the corporation's performance and competitive strength in long-term. Furthermore, it is recommended to short-sighted investors who have short-term perspective to pay more attention to the real and long-term performance of the company rather than its short-term interests because investors' short-sightedness causes that fundamental factor and long-term perspective in terms of investment in stock exchange be forgotten and replaced with obtaining just daily profit. Therefore, investors' short-sightedness has caused one of the greatest problems in the stock exchange and in the long term leads to its inefficiency.  Manuscript profile

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46 - A Study of Bijan Najdi's Lyric Story of Wet Tuesday based on Eileen Baldeshwiler Theory
Mona Aramfar Ashraf Chegini Mohammadali Shafaei

The vast field of fictional literature covers points and themes, each of which, due to its eloquence relations, has a wide range of various elements and themes. In the meantime, the study of these stories according to ideas of theorists, is a firm step in the way of cri More

The vast field of fictional literature covers points and themes, each of which, due to its eloquence relations, has a wide range of various elements and themes. In the meantime, the study of these stories according to ideas of theorists, is a firm step in the way of criticizing and analyzing texts in terms of discovering the internal elements of the text. Eileen Baldeshwiler is one of the theorists who has been able to present various relationships in the stories by emphasis on five principles of revelation of lyric stories. Therefore, in the present study, we decided to explain Bijan Najdi's story of Wet Tuesday according to the ideas of this theorist. The result of research in this field was that the Wet Tuesday that benefits of appropriate elements and themes, paves a good way for critique and analysis of lyrical principles. Hence, in the process of explaining this story according to the ideas of Eileen Baldeshwiler we can observe deep subjectivism on the basis of widespread anachronism and intersection of the emotional curve with the symbols and the intellectual challenges of the characters in the dreamy and mental images, The story is open ended and the author does not inform the reader of the fate and final of the hero. Manuscript profile

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47 - the image of the Intellectual character inshort stories by the Iranian writer, Goli Taraghi
Yadollah Malayeri Naser Ghasemi Kamal Baghjari Hadi Haghgooan

Abstract In this research- through purposeful reading of Goli Taraghi’s works such as ‘I am “Ch” Guevara too’ (1969), ‘Scattered memories’ (1992), ‘Another place’ (2000), ‘Tow worlds’ (2002), ‘Anot More

Abstract In this research- through purposeful reading of Goli Taraghi’s works such as ‘I am “Ch” Guevara too’ (1969), ‘Scattered memories’ (1992), ‘Another place’ (2000), ‘Tow worlds’ (2002), ‘Another chance’ (2014)- the characters of the intellectuals in Farsi short stories are reflected. Based on their opinions, sayings, side takings in front of the mass and rulers and feedbacks- giving the fact that these feedbacks are the result of the natural contrast between tradition and modernism, the intellectuals are classified in this survey as well. In this study, the immaturity of the intellectual’s character and her doubt about tradition and modernism is also revealed as the main feature of her personality. As it turns out, in Goli Taraghi’s works, in many cases, the intellectuals give up their creed due to the pressure of the power centers. On the other hand, the mass, get used to the everyday life, and choose personal profit over social responsibility. According to what mentioned, the intellectuals are divided into four groups: 1) indifferent, 2) excluded, 3) professional, 4) disable to connect to the mass. Manuscript profile

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48 - Ahmad Mahmud's Short Stories Morphology
Mahdi Mahoozi Shabnam Lajvardizadeh

Ahmed Mahmud is one of the most prominent Iranian writers in recent decades. He began his work with writing the short story entitled “Sob Mishe” and continued with” Mool”. He received a position among top rank writers with writing the novel &nbsp More

Ahmed Mahmud is one of the most prominent Iranian writers in recent decades. He began his work with writing the short story entitled “Sob Mishe” and continued with” Mool”. He received a position among top rank writers with writing the novel  Hamsayeha. Many critics have criticized  and studied his works and often dealt with the content of his stories. The paper first addresses form and structure briefly and then looks at Ahmad Mahmud's works and his writing style. In the  main part of the paper, morphology of Ahmad Mahmud's 23 short stories in the collection of “az Mosafer ta Tabkhal” is investigated and analyzed in plan and plot, viewing point of view, narrator, characterization, the beginning and the end to show how the author narrates fate of urban poor classes in his stories through applying descriptive language and structural components of story harmonically. Manuscript profile

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49 - Short Story in Arabic and Persian Literature: Case Study of Literary Works by Abd-al-Samee'a Bensaber and Javad Saeedipour
Abd- al-Ali Alebooyeh Langeroodi Zoheir Jansiz Vesam Roomieh

  Short story is one of the newborn literary genres that has drawn special attention of  literary men and researchers to itself in recent years because of its general effect on literature and its special influence on reader of a literary work. This articl More

  Short story is one of the newborn literary genres that has drawn special attention of  literary men and researchers to itself in recent years because of its general effect on literature and its special influence on reader of a literary work. This article investigates short story comparatively in Arabic and Persian literature. The aim of this paper is to discover latent aspects of short story in Persian and Arabic literature. The authors are going to compare short story in   the two languages through studying factors related to birth of short story and also the opinion of critics in this literary field. Findings of this research show that critics of both languages agree to some extent about definition of short story and its narrative elements. This important conclusion has been obtained through analyzing samples of short stories in Arabic and Persian literature. And these critics have considered various names for this literary genre. The only difference existing in short story is its length. According to analytical- descriptive approach and library sources, the present study is to recognize narrative elements in elected samples and to define quality of its application in order to show how narrative spirit has been actualized in it.   Manuscript profile

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50 - The Representation of West and East in Goli Taraghqi’s “Amineh’s Long Journey” and Ghada al-Samman “Write: I am not An Arab Woman”
Somaye Aghajani Yadollah Malayeri

This comparative study throws light upon common and uncommon points in drawing of the west and the east images. The study uses achievements of both American and Russian schools in comparative literature. Across this study we see that similar conditions of life in both A More

This comparative study throws light upon common and uncommon points in drawing of the west and the east images. The study uses achievements of both American and Russian schools in comparative literature. Across this study we see that similar conditions of life in both Arab and Iranian societies make texts similar: a consideration between human, especially women, status in Iran and Arab region. In the two stories, the East appears to be a place of violence and social and political repression, while the West is a shelter from oppression against women. What distinguishes the two texts in relation to the East and West is that Ghadaal-Samman describes in her story the cliché image of the East from the perspective of a Westerner, and deals with the identity crisis of the Arab human, where he sees himself in two different cultures while these two points were ignored by  Taraghi in her text. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

51 - Studying MinimmalistStory and its Elements in Holy Quran
Jalal Marami Mina Arabi

Minimalist story is a kind of very short story that is summarized sometimes in some lines and sometimes in one page. It tells a short event and in addition includes deep contents.Studying verses of Holy Quran we can see stories in different forms and lengths. Meanwhile More

Minimalist story is a kind of very short story that is summarized sometimes in some lines and sometimes in one page. It tells a short event and in addition includes deep contents.Studying verses of Holy Quran we can see stories in different forms and lengths. Meanwhile there are some storiesthat are not more than some lines in lengthso it is possible for the researcher to evaluate these stories based on technical standards of short story.  If short story nature of these Koranic versesis proved, the popular view i.e. short story is western and modern will be questionedand marginalized. Defining short story, counting its features and comparing it with fictional samples from some Sura of Holy Quran including Al-Baqareh, Al-Hejr, Al-Nahl, and Al-Yasin, we investigate hypothesis of short story existence in Quran. The study shows theseKoranicsamples are short and tell a short event and include compact and great concepts in addition to shortness. Also they have main features of short story although complementary features can be recognized in them. Achieving this resultconfirms thehypothesisof the article and represents Islamic nature of short story origins. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

52 - The Effect of Strengthening Intrinsic Sole Muscles by Short-Foot Method on Pressure Distribution, Arch Width, and Sole Indices of Students with Flat Feet
Mohammad Mashahdi

The purpose of the present research is to study the effect of strengthening intrinsic sole muscles by short-foot method on pressure distribution, arch width, and sole indices of students with flat feet. To this aim, 24 students suffering from subtalar joint hyper-pronat More

The purpose of the present research is to study the effect of strengthening intrinsic sole muscles by short-foot method on pressure distribution, arch width, and sole indices of students with flat feet. To this aim, 24 students suffering from subtalar joint hyper-pronation (average and standard deviation of age: 12.3±16.64, average and standard deviation of weight: 41.53±14.01, average and standard deviation of height: 147.5±19.74) were divided into two 12-member groups. The exercise group practiced short-foot exercises for 10 weeks to strengthen their intrinsic sole muscles. Staheli & Chipax-Smirak index, arch width, and pressure distribution percentage on the intrinsic horizontal arch were obtained from 2 groups before and after exercises by a foot scanner. Data analysis results showed that in the exercise group, all indexes of Staheli (p<0.001), Chipax-Smirak (p=0.001), arch width (p<0.001), and weight distribution percentage on intrinsic horizontal arches (p<0.001) of both feet significantly improved while there was no change in the control group (p>0.05). The above results show that short-foot exercising as a new method for strengthening intrinsic muscles of the feet are effective in enhancing the arch width and can improve arch indexes too. Therefore, this type of exercise is advised to improve the condition of the foot arch in those who have flat feet. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

53 - Analysis of social allegories in the short story "Life Water" (Ab Zendegi) and "The case of the Antichrist Donkey" (Qazieh Khar Dajal) by Sadegh Hedayat
leila khayatan farzaneh Yosef- ghanbary nasim khajeh zadeh masood kheradmand pour

10.30495/jpll.2022.699347

. The study of reflection of literary elites thoughts has an effective way of evolving people public opinions by expression's art. The analysis of short stories based on the figure of speech used in them, in addition to receiving the delicacies of the role of the langua More

. The study of reflection of literary elites thoughts has an effective way of evolving people public opinions by expression's art. The analysis of short stories based on the figure of speech used in them, in addition to receiving the delicacies of the role of the language element, appears as a dynamic phenomenon in the political and social conditions of its time. An article with the subject and title of social allegory analysis has not been found in stories and articles, but with the general title of fictional allegory; two scientific documents have been written in articles and dissertations. To write the article has been used sources such as books, literary sites and related articles. The research method in this article is based on descriptive-analytical method. First, there is a summary of the selected short stories, and then some of the allegories used are analyzed by content. Wherever the audience of popular literary works is people, more tangible and smooth type of literature such as allegory is usually used. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

54 - Anaiysis of allegory in Persian short story Reiying on the story of "My batton eyes" by Bijan
fereshteh naseri

Modern short story is a new form of writing stories that allows the writers of our time to explore the issues of life in the new age with techniques and practices appropriate to the modern period, regardless of the constraints of the limitations of realism and naturalis More

Modern short story is a new form of writing stories that allows the writers of our time to explore the issues of life in the new age with techniques and practices appropriate to the modern period, regardless of the constraints of the limitations of realism and naturalism. Hence, modern short stories tended towards poetry and lyric writing. One of the most important features of this type of storytelling is turning to allegory. Allegory has a strong connection with narrative and the first mythical narratives have been called narrative allegory. The allegory shows that the lyrical short story is related to something outside the world of senses and sensory phenomena. The story of "My Button Eyes" is one of Bijan Najdi's lasting stories. This beautiful and influential story, in the language of a puppet, describes the story of the Iraqi invasion of Khorramshahr. This research examines the allegory in the short story "My Button Eyes" in an analytical way and acquaints the reader with the allegory and the allegorical short story. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

55 - “Epigrammatic mechanisms in short stories written by Jalal Al-E-Ahmad”
Hossein Behzadi Andoohjerdi Maryam Shadmohamadi

One of the industrious Iranian authors in 1340s (1960s) is Jalal Al-E-Ahmad, who has challenged social, political and ideological issues in his works for several times, and criticism against social problems could be observed not only in his essays and other writings, bu More

One of the industrious Iranian authors in 1340s (1960s) is Jalal Al-E-Ahmad, who has challenged social, political and ideological issues in his works for several times, and criticism against social problems could be observed not only in his essays and other writings, but also in his short stories. Of five published collections of his short stories, four are the stories which are benefited from epigrammatic elements. At all these collections, Al-E-Ahmad has criticized public affliction, retardation, prevalence of superstitious beliefs, individuals’ indifference toward community and citizens, backdoor policy and inappropriate methods for campaign against fame-longing, vanishing cultural originalities and religious dogmas within these stories and to purpose such themes, he has adopted satiric framework like many other critic works. In addition to benefiting from satire as themes of his stories, Al-E-Ahmad utilizes verbal epigram (Satire in tale narrative’s interpretation or its main characters) and for this purpose, he employs epigrammatic mechanisms to serve on the given story.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

56 - The Effectiveness of Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy on Reducing Symptoms and defensive mechanisms of Cluster C Personality Disorders
Bahman Moazami Goodarzi Nader Monirpour Hassan Mirzahosseini

10.30486/jsrp.2021.1897104.2401

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP) on reducing the symptoms and defensive mechanisms of cluster C personality disorders. This study was a quasi-experimental study with a single-subject A-B-A design. T More

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP) on reducing the symptoms and defensive mechanisms of cluster C personality disorders. This study was a quasi-experimental study with a single-subject A-B-A design. The statistical population of this study consisted of all individuals with cluster C personality disorders in Tehran in 2019. Among the above statistical population, 9 individuals who received diagnoses of three dependent, obsessive-compulsive and avoidant personality disorders based on the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III) and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (SCID-II) was selected by purposive sampling method. The instruments used in this study were: Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (Millon, 1977), Defense Style Questionnaire-40 (Andrews, Singh & Bond, 1993) and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (First, Gibbon, Spitzer, Williams & Benjamin, 1997). In addition, the ISTDP protocol was applied to the research sample according to the Davanlo (1995, 2000) approach for 15 sessions once a week and each session for one hour. Subjects were assessed after baseline assessment, once every 3 sessions, and after the treatment sessions, 3 follow-up assessments were performed at one-month intervals. Data were analyzed using Friedman test and SPSS software version 24. Findings showed that ISTDP reduced symptoms of cluster C personality disorder. Also, this treatment had a significant effect on the reduction of, immature, neurotic defensive and in increasing use of mature defensive mechanisms (p <0.05). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

57 - A Study of the Effect of Time Management on Academic Achievement of Students of Islamic Azad University Maragheh Branch
Khosroo Jahanseir karim Salehzadeh Habibe Vesagi Aghbal Mosavifar

Abstract In order to study the effect of time management on student's academic achievement, 4450 people were selected based on Jerjsi & Morgan diagrams, their sex and field of study. 345 people were selected by classified sampling and responding to Britton and Tesse More

Abstract In order to study the effect of time management on student's academic achievement, 4450 people were selected based on Jerjsi & Morgan diagrams, their sex and field of study. 345 people were selected by classified sampling and responding to Britton and Tesser(1999) questionnaire, which had three main dimensions, namely, .1) Long-term planning, . 2) Short-term planning and . 3)Time information, which were analyzed using methods of statistical correlation, independent T and variance. Finally, the following data emerged. The result, of the correlation test showed that there is a meaningful relation between short-term planning and time value in academic achievement. However, there is no meaningful relationship between long-term planning and academic achievement. Moreover, there was no difference in the accuracy of time management between the boys and girls. The result's of the analysis of variance of the students' age, term and field of study with time management showed that there is a meaningful relation between age and fields of study of students with time management, but the difference between various terms of students and time management was not observed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

58 - Estimation of flicker generating feeders index with combined sampling-simulation method
Peyman Nazarian

In this article, the background of the subject and the works done in the field of flicker simulation and tracking are mentioned first, and then the new combined simulation-sampling method to estimate flicker indicators is described. In the following, the computer progra More

In this article, the background of the subject and the works done in the field of flicker simulation and tracking are mentioned first, and then the new combined simulation-sampling method to estimate flicker indicators is described. In the following, the computer program FSP, which was developed to analyze and track flicker caused by heavy industrial subscribers, based on the method of this article, is introduced. This software includes the needs of the Zanjan regional electric company in this field and by using the available hardware and data facilities and taking into account the existing limitations; it has the ability to study on flicker and estimate flicker indicators. In the following, using the data extracted from one of the 230 kV substations under the management of the Zanjan regional electricity company, flicker is calculated and studied in a typical network. Checking the Flicker indicators, in cases where it is not possible to actually cut off the feeders, is easily done by the FSP software, and it makes it possible to track flicker generating subscribers and estimate the flicker share of each of them. Introduction Flicker is a physiological phenomenon that is defined as a non-permanent sensory effect of a light source on the human eye, and this effect is caused by the change of flux or spectral distribution of the light source with time. Method The proposed method consists of two practical and theoretical parts, the practical part of which is the measurement of the required parameters of the network and the theoretical part, software calculations to determine the short-term and long-term flicker indicators, which will be obtained by simulating the behavior of the standard flicker meter. Results In this article, it was seen that checking the flicker indicators in situations where it is not possible to actually cut off the feeders, can be easily done by the designed software, and it gives the power companies the possibility to make a better decision to reject or accept the subscribers before signing the contract, or it makes it possible to track and identify the flicker generating subscribers. Discussion Due to the limitation in the sampling frequency, a measure has been taken to be more compatible with the flicker standard; In this way, an algorithm for performing linearization between the voltage samples obtained from the load flow has been used. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

59 - Improvement of Conventional Droop Methods Performance During the Fault Occurrence in an Islanded Micro-Grid Using the Concept of Virtual Impedance
Sobhan Tahanzadeh Farshad Zandi Bahador Fani Matin Dashtipour Ehsan Adib Esmaeel Rokrok

10.30486/teeges.2022.691006

Most Micro-Sources (MSs) are interfaced to a Micro-Grid (MG) using power electronics converters. Therefore, a MG can be envisioned as a group of parallel converters. A well-known method to control a group of parallel converters in the decentralized control structure in More

Most Micro-Sources (MSs) are interfaced to a Micro-Grid (MG) using power electronics converters. Therefore, a MG can be envisioned as a group of parallel converters. A well-known method to control a group of parallel converters in the decentralized control structure in a MG is to use frequency and voltage droop characteristics. A problem associated with conventional droop characteristics is that reactive power is not always properly shared among MSs which may lead to converter overloading. The nature of conventional droop characteristics is linear. Therefore, these characteristics do not have a sufficient degree of freedom to function properly in nonlinear conditions, such as the occurrence of short circuit faults. Most of proposed methods in the literature are limited to specific MG structures or need extensive information of grid. For this purpose, in this paper, a new power control strategy based on a decentralized method for autonomous micro-grid consisting of voltage source inverters is presented. The control strategy based on voltage and frequency droop control methods. In the proposed method, conventional droop characteristics are corrected by using virtual impedance loop to adjusting the y-intercept of conventional curves. The proposed approach also improves voltage regulation both under normal micro-grid conditions and when faults occur. Manuscript profile

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60 - A Hybrid Method for Long-Term Demand Forecasting in the Electrical Energy Supply Chain of Basic Metal Production Industries in the Presence of Incomplete Data
Sepehr Moalem Roya M.P. Ahari Ghazanfar Shahgholian Majid Moazzami Seyed Mohammad Kazemi

10.30486/teeges.2023.1974408.1051

The economic growth of any country has a lot to do with the infrastructure of the electrical energy supply chain and the ability to access it at low cost. Increasing the resilience of the electric energy supply chain in order to be able to respond to the real time deman More

The economic growth of any country has a lot to do with the infrastructure of the electrical energy supply chain and the ability to access it at low cost. Increasing the resilience of the electric energy supply chain in order to be able to respond to the real time demand of high-consumption and strategic consumers is a challenge that will not be possible without considering long-term demand forecasting and integrated development planning of this chain. This paper presents a long-term demand forecasting approach in the electrical energy supply chain of Isfahan's Espidan iron stone industries. This approach is a combination of wavelet transform, long short-term memory (LSTM) network and finally integrating the results with data-mining technique based on machine learning. The company studied in this research is one of the main suppliers of raw materials in the supply chain of basic metal production industries and one of the ten energy-intensive industries in the electrical energy supply chain of Isfahan province. The only information available from this company is the daily time series signal of the historical electrical energy demand of this industry in a period of 40 months. The data in the studied time series is interrupted so that only 50% of the data has a value and the remaining 50% is zero. This lack of data and the impossibility of access to supplementary data and effective features for forecasting has reduced the density of data and the possibility of long-term demand forecasting faces more problems than continuous time series. The used statistical analysis showed that the annual and seasonal data do not follow the normal distribution and have high distortion and heterogeneity. The proposed method and its results have been compared with other available approaches. The results of 10 iterations of extreme learning machine methods show that the RELM technique with a high confidence level of 95% is more effective than other machine learning methods and has more accurate results. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

61 - The role of company monitoring factors on the degree of cost stickiness relying on the role of accounting-based performance
Zohreh Naghizadeh zaki Majid Davoodi Nasr

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62 - A reading of the characteristics of infrastructural Mega-projects and doubts about their role in the realization of urban and regional development
zahra shahnoosh forooshani Morteza Hadi Jaberi Moghaddam

10.30495/juepd.2023.1998475.1262

Commonly, the development and prosperity of cities و regions and nations are believed to hinge on the planning , execution and number of infrastructure mega-projects led by governments, managers and planners. In our current study, we adopt a contextual and inspiring app More

Commonly, the development and prosperity of cities و regions and nations are believed to hinge on the planning , execution and number of infrastructure mega-projects led by governments, managers and planners. In our current study, we adopt a contextual and inspiring approach and employ the "phronetic" research method. We focus on the extensive body of works by one of the foremost theorists in the field of mega-project planning , who has produced different and innovative insights in recent years. Our objective is to understand and explore the relationship between city and regional development, prosperity, and infrastructure mega- project. Referring to Bent Flyvbjerg's theory , researches and works regarding infrastructural mega-projects and their characteristics, we aim to shed light on the realities and some dark sides of these projects. Mega-projects typically consume a significant portion of budgets and public resources and are often touted for their anticipated benefits and advantages prior to construction. However, our study reveals that only a small fraction of these projected benefits are realized. In some cases, these projects even yield outcomes contradictory to their original goals. Nonetheless, the persistent desire of many political leaders and planners to pursue such projects can be interpreted from various political, economic and even technical perspectives. In the context of Iranian planning, where these dynamics are particularly pertinent, understanding the true nature of mega-projects becomes essential. This awareness can serve as a foundation for reevaluating the approach to prioritizing and undertaking such projects at both the city, regional and national levels. Manuscript profile

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63 - Effects of short term lifestyle activity modification on lipid profiles in obese and overweight middle aged men with type 2 diabetes
Jalil Ghasemianpoor Mohadeseh Nematollahzadeh Mahani

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64 - Jump Identification as a Proxy of Information Shocks, In Tehran Stock Exchange.
Hadis Taghaddosi Farimah Mokhatab Rafiei Ali Husseinzadeh Kashan

Using jumps in stock prices as a proxy for information shocks to examine investors' reactions to significant events is the most effective method for identifying information shocks. Compared to other studies, this method has advantages listed at the end of the liter More

Using jumps in stock prices as a proxy for information shocks to examine investors' reactions to significant events is the most effective method for identifying information shocks. Compared to other studies, this method has advantages listed at the end of the literature review. We provide evidence consistent with short-term overreaction on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Thus, through the contrarian investment strategy, i.e., buying stocks with negative lagged jump returns and selling those with positive lagged jump returns, earn significantly positive returns over the next one- to three-month horizons. This research analyzed the adjusted daily closing prices of the top thirty stocks on the Tehran Stock Exchange in terms of market value and turnover during 2013-2020. Manuscript profile

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65 - Determination of body waves quality factor in the NW Iran, with power spectrum analysis
Hooman Latifi Reza Heidari Noorbakhsh Mirzaei

10.30495/ijes.2021.685391

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66 - A Stock Market Prediction Model Based on Deep Learning Networks
seyyedeh mozhgan Beheshti Masalegou Mohammad-Ali Afshar-Kazemie jalal haghighat monfared Ali Rezaeian

10.30495/jsm.2022.1954072.1623

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67 - An Uncertain Time Horizon Inventory Management Model with Partial Backlogging Considering Deterioration Cost
Sara Nodoust Aboulfazl Mirzazadeh

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Open Access Article

68 - Woman Role in the Short Stories Collection of Razieh Tojjar
Maryam Zare Pastaki Zad Narges Jaberinasab

The purpose of this research is woman role in Razieh Tojjar short stories collection. In this research woman role and social position in Persian contemporary story writing is surveyd through descriptive- analytic method. Data analysis is based on qualitive analysis and More

The purpose of this research is woman role in Razieh Tojjar short stories collection. In this research woman role and social position in Persian contemporary story writing is surveyd through descriptive- analytic method. Data analysis is based on qualitive analysis and description of data content. In our studies, it is specified that Razieh Tojjar is one of the authors who has found special position in story writing. Field in recent two decades. The heros of her more stories are women and the main theme is women problems. In this article according to women role, analysis of speech and behaviou characters in her eight collections of short story, women are in the focus and under dominance of patriarchy system, they have no identity and personality independence. They are constantly threatened and don`t trust on any support. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

69 - The evaluation of the effectiveness of short-term psychotherapy based on religious-oriented self-control education on the management of alexithymia and aggression in high school students in Shabestar city
Parviz Karimi Sani Nosrat Sameei

10.30495/iifs.2021.685881

Introduction: Aggression and Alexithymia are both the most serious and worrying behaviors in adolescence.Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of short-term psychotherapy based on religious-oriented self-control education on the contr More

Introduction: Aggression and Alexithymia are both the most serious and worrying behaviors in adolescence.Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of short-term psychotherapy based on religious-oriented self-control education on the control of alexithymia and aggression in high school male students in Shabastar city. Methodology: The present study is a semi-experimental, pre-test, post-test with control group and experimental group. The statistical population of this study includes all students of high schools in Shabestar city. Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ-29/4) and Farsi Toronto Alexithymia Scale Questionnaire (FTAS-20) were administered to some of the students through available sampling method. After identifying students with high emotional aggression and agility, 24 were selected and 12 subjects were assigned randomly in the experimental group and 12 others in the control group. The experimental group was subjected to short-term psychotherapy based on religious orientation self-management for 10 sessions. Then, the two groups were subjected to post-test.Results: Data were analyzed using MANOVA and COVARIANCE analysis and the results of this study showed that short-term psychotherapy based on religious-oriented self-control education on inhibiting aggression and Alexithymia of high school students in Shabestar was effective. As a result, it can be concluded: that short-term psychotherapy based on self-control education with religious orientation inhibits students' aggression and emotional disturbances. Manuscript profile

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70 - ارزیابی روش‌های تحلیل بارش‌های کوتاه‌مدت (مطالعه موردی: ایستگاه سینوپتیک شهرکرد)
حسین صمدی بروجنی کیومرث عماد روح الله فتاحی

    برآورد حداکثر دبی جریان‌های سطحی ناشی از رواناب برای حوزه‌های آبریز فاقد داده‌های طولانی مدت هیدرومتری، مبتنی بر مدل‌های بارش- رواناب است. داده‌های بارش‌های کوتاه مدت از مهمترین اطلاعات مورد نیاز در استفاده از این قبیل مدل‌هاست. در بسیاری از نقاط دنیا More

    برآورد حداکثر دبی جریان‌های سطحی ناشی از رواناب برای حوزه‌های آبریز فاقد داده‌های طولانی مدت هیدرومتری، مبتنی بر مدل‌های بارش- رواناب است. داده‌های بارش‌های کوتاه مدت از مهمترین اطلاعات مورد نیاز در استفاده از این قبیل مدل‌هاست. در بسیاری از نقاط دنیا و از جمله ایران داده‌های کیفی و کمی ثبت شده مناسبی از بارش‌های کوتاه مدت در اختیار نیست. روش‌های متعددی جهت برآورد بارش‌های کوتاه مدت بر اساس سایر داده‌های باران سنجی از قبیل بارش‌های روزانه و ماهیانه پیشنهاد شده است. در این تحقیق با استفاده از رگبارهای ثبت شده در ایستگاه سینوپتیک شهرکرد، واقع در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری، روابط منطقه ای برآورد بارش‌های کوتاه مدت و روش نسبت بارش‌های کوتاه مدت به حداکثر بارش 24 ساعته مورد مقایسه قرار گرفته است. نتایج نشان داد نسبت‌های استخراج شده از منحنیهایSCS   و روابط منطقهای موجب برآورد دست بالا میگردند. با توجه به سادگی استفاده از روش  نسبت‌ها، میتوان پس از استخراج نسبت‌های پیشنهادی SCS  برای منطقه مورد نظر، از این روش به عنوان روشی قابل قبول استفاده نمود. همچنین نتایج نشان داد با اعمال ضریب اصلاحی 7136/0 در روابط قهرمان آبخضر، مقادیر "شدت- مدت- فراوانی" رگبارها را برای منطقه شهرکرد با خطای مطلق 4 درصد بدست آورد. در نهایت یک رابطه لگاریتمی با ضریب تعیین 98/0 برای تهیه منحنیهای "شدت-مدت- فراوانی" ایستگاه شهرکرد ارائه شد.  Manuscript profile

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71 - Examining naturalistic effects in Dolatabadi and Dervishian short stories
roonak samadi khalil baygzadeh Roqieh sadraie

The literary school of naturalism emerged from the point of realism that considered nature as an influential element in the structure of life, and its purpose was expressing the painful facts of society.The author's style Dolatabadi and Darvishian is Realism and is one More

The literary school of naturalism emerged from the point of realism that considered nature as an influential element in the structure of life, and its purpose was expressing the painful facts of society.The author's style Dolatabadi and Darvishian is Realism and is one of the most talented writers among the third-generation story writers of Iranian fiction literature. Short stories Despite the differences in writing style, in the dimension of thought there are similarities in the aspect of thought that the two authors' naturalistic thoughts in their short stories are one of these similarities, as many naturalistic theories in the short stories of Dolatabadi and Darvishyans which is generally related to the atmosphere of Iran that has seen during the Second Pahlavi era.These writers depict the ugliness of the Iranian society of the 1990s clearly under certain conditions of the political and social conditions of the Pahlavi era.Therefore, the research has been conducted with the aim of explaining the naturalist effects in the works of Dolatabadi and Darvishian with a descriptive-analytical approach. Its achievement is analyzing the common features of naturalism:poverty and unemployment, violence against women, ignorance and superstition, lack of love and Beauty, the function of colloquial language, detailed descriptions the details, death and a sad ending describing the suffering and difficulties of life. Failure to respect the words and concepts is a dark and annoying atmosphere in the short stories of these two writers. Manuscript profile

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72 - Structural analysis of Three Short Stories of Shahryar Mandanipour (Sharghe banafshe, Shaame Sarv o Atash, and NarBanoo)
Mohammad Hossein Khanmohammadi Teymoor Malmir Golaleh Moradi

Today, structuralism is one of current approaches to studying literary texts. Critics analyze literary texts to component parts by using this method. On other hand, they dispose superficial meaning to arrive virtual meaning and deep structure. In this research, by using More

Today, structuralism is one of current approaches to studying literary texts. Critics analyze literary texts to component parts by using this method. On other hand, they dispose superficial meaning to arrive virtual meaning and deep structure. In this research, by using structuralism theories of theorist (Barthes, Bremond, and Todorov), three series of short stories of Shahryar Mandanipour  (Abi mavaraye behar, Mahe nimrouz and Sharghe banafshe) has been investigated and identified simplicity and complexity of narration, the kind of narrator and deep structure of  stories. Shahryar Mandanipour, is one of the writers of short story in Iran that belongs to third generation. By relying on the element of language, and new method of writing story, he has created prominent works in short story and novel genres. Deep structure of Mandanipour stories mainly consists of purports such as death and life, love and hate, war and its consequences, unhealthy relations between humane and etc. Manuscript profile

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73 - Comparing Realistic and Modernistic Component Styles with Special Refrence to Ahmad Mahmoud and Mostafa Mostour Short Stories
Manouchehr Tashakori Parvin Golizade Nasrollah Emami Parvane Holousi

Iran’s south realm with cultural diversity and its special nature is an extra ordinary revelation source for story landscaping. Existence of Sea, large river, palm grove, oil and industry and even heat, which is south original back drop, has yielded that this regi More

Iran’s south realm with cultural diversity and its special nature is an extra ordinary revelation source for story landscaping. Existence of Sea, large river, palm grove, oil and industry and even heat, which is south original back drop, has yielded that this region’s writers utilize the God’s blessing in their works and with this method give their work a kind of style recognition. Actually Khuseztan as one of the most important poles for ecological literature in Iran after revolution and war sustained huge loss because of its writers’ immigration. Also according to political, economic, and social transition speed and as it follows cultural transformation in recent decades, the necessity of investigating these transitions, particularly in literature is sensed more than before. In glance to recent years’ fiction, distancing of this type of literature from realism school is evident and undeniable. It is incontrovertible that the old story writing methods are not responsive to the contemporary human’s mental requirements and psychotic difficulties also changing these methods seem inevitable. Concomitant with emergence of modern and postmodern art and literature in other countries, these literary works has attracted attention and was criticized and investigated. Unfortunately, in Iran critical and essential discussion has been seldom and has opened the arena for unprofessional and tactfully critiques. Therefore, the aim of the presented research is comparing the realism and modernism style constituents with emphasis on short stories of Ahmad Mahmoud and Moustafa Mastour. The research method is analytic-descriptive methodology.   Manuscript profile

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74 - The Evaluation andReview on the Elements of Short Fiction in Stories by Ahmad Dehghan: Based on the collectoion of short stories named “I’m your son’s murder"
Abrahim Golparvar Hamid Samsam

Ahmad Dehghan is one of the most famous writers of the fiction about sacred defense in recent decade. Among his works, a set of stories named "I’m your son’s killer" is one of his masterpieces which contain several short stories. Element analysis of this bo More

Ahmad Dehghan is one of the most famous writers of the fiction about sacred defense in recent decade. Among his works, a set of stories named "I’m your son’s killer" is one of his masterpieces which contain several short stories. Element analysis of this book, in the field of war, made him famous; hence the recent article tries to show the connection between its parts, elements and interior components and tries to prove the ability of Dehghan in writing short  stories such as romance, diaries, showing that this writer is familiar with the principles and premises of short stories and was able to present the master piece in the field of fiction about sacreddefenseby skillful initiating and ending,planning,coherent plot, suitable personification, effective scenes and using attractive, authentic stories with special speech styles. Research method is based on qualitative descriptive-analytic, data driven and the categorization gained descriptively on the basis of note taking, resources and information, then it has been analyzed deductively from part to whole. Manuscript profile

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75 - Analysis of content and sociological elements of short stories in Iran from 1300-1332
Leila Khayatan Farzaneh Yousef Ghanbari Nasim Khajehzadeh Masoud Kheradmandpour

10.30495/farsij.2022.692900

Literary works of the Awakening and post-constitutional period have many social and political aspects and can be critiqued from a sociological point of view. One of the effective methods in criticizing literary texts, especially short stories, is sociological critique. More

Literary works of the Awakening and post-constitutional period have many social and political aspects and can be critiqued from a sociological point of view. One of the effective methods in criticizing literary texts, especially short stories, is sociological critique. In this method, the relationship between the structure and content of the story with the situation and changes in society is examined and how the artistic reflection and representation of society in the imaginary world of literary work is criticized and analyzed. The history of this kind of research and application of this method in Iranian short story criticism has proved the effectiveness of sociological criticism in short story criticism and study. Short story as a form of fiction was formed in Iran around 1300 AH by people like Jamalzadeh and continued its development along with literary currents. The first generation of short story writers, while getting acquainted with this emerging phenomenon, were able to create remarkable works and each of them followed a specific style that in the future, laid the foundation of Iranian short stories. In this research, the author has come to the conclusion through analytical-descriptive method and based on the theoretical framework of social criticism that the short story, like any other literary phenomenon, has continued to live in line with society and socio-political currents. Influenced and influenced by the community. Therefore, examining the content of this type of literature can be a new approach in the field of social studies. Manuscript profile

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76 - The role of gender, academic discipline and time management in predicting students’ verbal creativity at Bu-Ali Sina
Abolghasem Yaghoobi Hossein Mohagheghi Maryam Mottaghian

  Background: creativity and time management for everyone are important issues, and for students of course more important and perhaps more vital. Aims: This study has considered the relationship between creativity and time management in students, the mediating role More

  Background: creativity and time management for everyone are important issues, and for students of course more important and perhaps more vital. Aims: This study has considered the relationship between creativity and time management in students, the mediating role of gender and field of study. Method: The statistical society included all students of the Bu Ali Sina University in 2012 that 375 of them were selected as pilot group based on stratified method and relative type. They were also tested by two questionnaires of Britton and Tesser's Time Management and Verbal Section (part) of Torrance Creativity Test. Result (s): The result showed a significant and positive relation between creativity and time management, so that the more short- term planning students have, the greater creativity they will create. It can be mentioned, based on the result, short-term planning of male students has stronger connection with Individual Creativity than the female ones. There was positive relation between time attitudes and creativity. Also, score of verbal creativity in the female were higher than male. Conclusion: these findings have some practical implications which will be mentioned in the paper in more details. Manuscript profile

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77 - Classification and Separation of mine wastes in Chadurmalu iron ore mine in order to decrease in environmental impacts rate
Seyed Hamid Reza Mirahmadi Amir Hossien Bangian Tabrizi

One of environmental issues in open pit mining is to separate and send of mine wastes with different grade to different waste dumps. In this paper the mentioned subject of short-term production planning is presented. In short-term production planning the subjects of exa More

One of environmental issues in open pit mining is to separate and send of mine wastes with different grade to different waste dumps. In this paper the mentioned subject of short-term production planning is presented. In short-term production planning the subjects of exact contact boundaries between ore and waste, optimizing of extracting ore grade, the sequence of ore blocks’ exploitation and waste blocks’ removal are considered. Using of boreholes’ data of one or two higher working benches is one of the easiest ways of grade estimating in mining bench. For evaluating of presented model in this research, Chadormalu iron ore mine data is used as a case study. In the case study, the place of the bench in elevation of 1465 m is determined as the target bench of production planning. Average and least of iron grade were estimated respectively 57.08% and 53.62%. So, if only estimated grade in reserve estimating step is considered in short-term production planning more than 30% of the ore block’s reserve is transferred to the waste dump. So, the presented model waste dumps with different iron ore grade is planned for potentially future uses.   Manuscript profile

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78 - Evaluation and Comparison of the Effectiveness of Intensive and Short-Term Psychotherapy and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on the Mental Pain of Earthquake Victims of Sir Paul Zahab City
Afshin Safarnia Vahid Ahmadi shahram mami

The purpose of this study was to compare and compare the effectiveness of short-term intensive psychotherapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the mental pain of earthquake victims in Sar Paul Zahab in 1398. The study population consisted of earthquake-stricken More

The purpose of this study was to compare and compare the effectiveness of short-term intensive psychotherapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the mental pain of earthquake victims in Sar Paul Zahab in 1398. The study population consisted of earthquake-stricken women in Sar-e-Pol city who referred to counseling clinic of Sar-e-Pol-e-zahb city in 1398. 45 women were selected by convenience sampling method. One control group and two experimental groups were replaced by a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with control group. Intensive and short-term psychotherapy sessions and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy were administered to the two experimental groups during 9 weeks. At the end, three post-test groups were taken. The research tools were: Orbach & Miklinsler Mental Pain Questionnaire (OMMP) (2003). Covariance analysis test was used for inferential analysis of data. The results showed that both intensive and short-term psychotherapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy are effective on the mental pain of earthquake victims and between intensive and short-term psychotherapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. There was no significant difference in the effectiveness of the earthquake on mental pain. (p <0/5). Manuscript profile

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79 - The Effect of Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy on Emotion Regulation and Health Hardiness in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Gholamreza Sanagouye Moharer Fatemeh Soghra Karbalai Harafteh Fatemeh Kahaki Razieh Khosravi Hanieh Nobakht

Purpose: Present study was conducted aimed to determine the effect of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy on emotion regulation and health hardiness in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methodology: This study was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test desig More

Purpose: Present study was conducted aimed to determine the effect of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy on emotion regulation and health hardiness in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methodology: This study was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with control group. The research population was patients with type 2 diabetes of Zahedan city in 2020 year. The research sample were 40 people who were selected by available sampling method and randomly replaced into two equal groups. The experimental group 8 sessions of 90-minute underwent the intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy and the control group did not see any training. The research tools were the Gross and John emotion regulation questionnaire (2003) and Gebhardt and et al revised health hardiness inventory (2001). Data were analyzed by methods of chi-square, independent t and multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS version 25 software.Findings: The findings showed that the experimental and control groups had not significantly different in terms of age, gender, education, marriage and duration of disease (P>0.05). Also, the groups in the pre-test stage had not significantly different in terms of emotion regulation and health hardiness (P>0.05), but in the post-test stage had significantly different in terms of both variables (P<0.05). In the other words, intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy significantly increased emotion regulation and health hardiness in patients with type 2 diabetes (P<0.001).Conclusion: Due to the effect of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy on increasing emotion regulation and health hardiness, planning is necessary for the use of this treatment. As a result, health professionals and therapists can use intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy along with other therapies methods to improve the psychological characteristics, especially improving emotion regulation and health hardiness. Manuscript profile

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80 - The relationship between In-Service Training on Job Performance's Elementary School Teachers in Shahryar
Zahra Karimi Seyed Mahmoud Mirzamani Bafghi Batoul Faghiharam

Aim: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of short-term and long-term in-service training of primary school teachers' job performance has been the Shahryar city. Method: Research for practical purposes, the type of data collected quantitative in n More

Aim: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of short-term and long-term in-service training of primary school teachers' job performance has been the Shahryar city. Method: Research for practical purposes, the type of data collected quantitative in nature and causal-comparative study - after the event. The population in this study consists of all the Shahryar elementary school teachers. This number includes 2,437 people. The sample also includes 372 teachers from the community of men and women. Sampling was simple random sampling study. To evaluate the effectiveness of teachers of a questionnaire by Kashani (1390) developed and validated, was used. The questionnaire in the form of three components of performance management class teachers, build an emotional connection with students and evaluation of students'. The data collected using descriptive statistics (central tendency indicators: mean, standard deviation and tilt, and strain) and also indicators were analyzed in the statistics. In addition to the data described in the present study, the drawing graphs, tables, frequency distribution, tables, statistical characteristics, the Spearman correlation coefficient, and the Mann-Whitney test was used to compare u. Findings: No significant association between short-term and long-term in-service training courses for teachers performance, and increase participation in training courses for teachers associated with increased efficiency. No significant association between short-term and long-term in-service training courses with efficiency in communicating with students and increase participation in training courses for teachers in this area is associated with an increase in efficiency. No significant association between short-term and long-term in-service training courses with efficiency, effectively manage the class and increase participation in training courses for teachers in this area is associated with an increase in efficiency. Conclusion: Performance-based teacher training courses short and long term is no different. Manuscript profile

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81 - Examining and comparing the ways of representing the social position of "female characters" in the short story 20
نجمه najmeh alireza shabanlu Abdolhossein Farzad

10.30495/rpcl.2023.707152

Fictional literature in Iran has focused its attention on representing the realities of Iranian society from the very beginning of its formation. With a quick look at the works of fiction from the twenties to the fifties, the audience can clearly see the influence of re More

Fictional literature in Iran has focused its attention on representing the realities of Iranian society from the very beginning of its formation. With a quick look at the works of fiction from the twenties to the fifties, the audience can clearly see the influence of realism in the heart and text of the stories. The main reason for this approach in fiction literature is the political and social structure and conditions that govern Iran. The present study tries to answer the main question in a descriptive-analytical way, that according to the realist view that prevailed in the short story in the twenties, what image did the male writers draw of "woman" and her "social position" at this historical moment? are The statistical population of this research is the short stories written by Ebrahim Golestan, Bozor Alavi and Mahmoud Etemadzadeh in this decade. The findings of the research show that "female" characters in these stories are often mentioned as secondary characters and their processing method is in a way that is related to other characters. It seems that none of the "female" characters are directly introduced in these stories and their "actions", "thoughts" and "speech" are the main tools of the authors. They are to introduce these characters to the reader. These women have different names; but they have common characteristics that they are condemned to suffer and finally surrender due to economic, cultural and political anomalies. In general, although these "women" have been represented differently in some cases; the overall picture presented of them under the influence of the realistic view of short story writers in the twenties has many points in common with each other. Manuscript profile

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82 - A comparative study of the social position of women in the short stories of the 20s from the perspective of the experimental role of language in the Halidi role-oriented approach "focusing on the short stories of Bozor Alavi, Ebrahim Golestan, Mahmoud Etemadzadeh and Jalal Al-Ahmad"
najmeh Hashemi Alireza shabanloo Abdolhosein Farzad

10.30495/rpcl.2024.709072

Role-oriented linguistics emphasizes that language is a "social tool" and deals with those human actions that refer to the transfer of meaning with the help of language. Halidi considers language as a system of lexical choices that the speaker uses at three levels accor More

Role-oriented linguistics emphasizes that language is a "social tool" and deals with those human actions that refer to the transfer of meaning with the help of language. Halidi considers language as a system of lexical choices that the speaker uses at three levels according to the context of the situation. Language is formed according to social needs and the surrounding environment and organizes meaning. This language function is called "Franqash" in role-oriented linguistics. The trans-roles of language are: the trans-role of thoughts, which is used for reading and analyzing the text; interpersonal trans-role whose purpose is to initiate or promote relationships to influence the behavior of others, express opinions, modify or change them; Transtextual role that has the task of adapting the message according to other textual and extratextual factors. The current research tries to answer these questions in a descriptive-analytical way, according to the statistical community of the research, what is the function of each of the linguistic processes in the textual structure of the short stories of the 20s? And according to the fundamentals raised in the intellectual role and the realist point of view governing short stories in the twenties, what image of "woman" and "her social position" have been drawn by male writers at this historical moment? Emphasizing on its "realistic and realistic character", short story literature has always sought to define a place for the presence of women and also free itself from gender restrictions and patriarchal readings. The findings of the research indicate that Bozor Alavi, Ebrahim Golestan, Mahmoud Etemadzadeh and Jalal Al-Ahmad each used different types of linguistic processes in the textual structure of their short stories to depict the positive social status of women. Manuscript profile

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83 - The Effect of Mental Imagery Strategy Instruction on Reading Comprehension of EFL Students
Kambiz Poushaneh Giti Berenj Foroush Azar

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84 - Finding the shortest route by ant colony algorithm in WebGIS based on ATIS
Mohsen Ghods

This paper discusses the methodology used in the development of advanced traveler information system (ATIS). This system is designed as a part of web geographical information system (GIS) based advanced public transport systems. Web GIS-based ATIS system includes spatia More

This paper discusses the methodology used in the development of advanced traveler information system (ATIS). This system is designed as a part of web geographical information system (GIS) based advanced public transport systems. Web GIS-based ATIS system includes spatial data for the designed functionalities and provides GIS capabilities to the users through the internet. In addition to these functionalities, a route planning algorithm to plan the shortest route between the selected bus transit points is also designed using ant system algorithm and is integrated with web GIS. This study presents the ant system algorithm adopted for the shortest route finding with the methodology developed for the web GIS-based ATIS system for the study area of the city Chandigarh in India using open source software MapServer as web map server. This study also discusses the three-tier logical architecture used in the methodology for providing GIS cap-abilities to the user over the internet. These systems providing the information about the planning of shortest route between the desired origin and destination points utilise the latest web-based technologies and reliable path routing algorithms. In this paper, the shortest route finding problem between a set of selected origin and destination points is solved by the method of the inspired heuristics (meta-heuristics) ant colony system (ACS) and the methodology is developed for the in-tegration of this technique in a web-based geographical information system (web GIS) to disseminate the functionalities to the users through the internet as a web GIS-based ATIS. Manuscript profile

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85 - A method for determining SF6 circuit breakers failure rate due to transient recovery voltage
Reza Ghanizadeh Allahverdi Azadrou

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86 - Neural Networks in Electric Load Forecasting:A Comprehensive Survey
Vahid Mansouri Mohammad Esmaeil akbari

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87 - The Impact of Input Enrichment in Long Text vs. Short Texts on Grammatical Accuracy in Writing Among Elementary Language Learners
Faeze Soleimani

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88 - CHB STATCOM Utilization for Smoothing Power Oscillations of Fixed Speed Wind Farms
Mohammad Reza Nasiri

10.22094/jcr.2022.1966718.1279

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89 - A New Algorithm for the Discrete Shortest Path Problem in a Network Based on Ideal Fuzzy Sets
Sadollah Ebrahimnejad Seyed Meysam Mousavi Behnam Vahdani

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90 - A Multi-level Capacitated Lot-sizing Problem with Safety Stock Deficit and Production Manners: A Revised Simulated Annealing
Esameil Mehdizadeh Mohammad Reza Mohammadizadeh

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91 - Vortex-induced energy harvesting of an elliptic blade in high-Reynolds lid-driven cavity flow
Ali Akbar Hosseinjani Ghasem Akbari

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92 - The Effectiveness of Short-Term Group Interpersonal Therapy on the Psychological Well-Being and the Life Quality of Addicted Individuals’ Wives
Morteza Tarkhan

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of short-term group interpersonal therapy (IPT) on the psychological well-being and the life quality of addicted individuals’ wives. The method of this study was quasi-experimental and the design was &lsqu More

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of short-term group interpersonal therapy (IPT) on the psychological well-being and the life quality of addicted individuals’ wives. The method of this study was quasi-experimental and the design was ‘pretest-posttest’ with a control group. The samples were 57 wives who had referred to Rahnama counseling center and the Rehabilitation Office (Behzisti) for their husbands’ treatment. Using a life quality and psychological well-being questionnaire, 30 people of the wives with low psychological well-being and life quality were selected on simple randomization basis and were divided voluntarily into two groups of experimental and control (15 in each group). The experimental group received 10 sessions of IPT techniques weekly, and the control group did not receive any training. After receiving the treatment, the life quality and the psychological well-being of the subjects in each group were measured again. The MANCOVA analysis of the data showed that IPT in the combination analysis on psychological well-being and life quality revealed significant effect and partial eta squared of the combination analysis was shown to be 0.81. In addition, the data analyzed by using ANCOVA with Bonferoni methods partial eta squared revealed the psychological well-being to be 0.61 and the life quality to be 0.67. In other words, the covariance analysis, both in the combination analysis and in the individual analysis indicated that the IPT caused increasing psychological well-being and life quality in the addicted individuals’ wives. The results of the present investigations revealed the significance of IPT in increasing interpersonal relationships and, consequently, on the improvement of psychological well-being and life quality. The results of this study were in line with other research studies and these investigations showed that the training of interpersonal skills can cause psychological well-being and life quality. Manuscript profile

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93 - Ecophysiological Evaluation of Three Maize (Zea mays L.) Cultivars under Irrigation Regimes and Use of Super Absorbent
Allahyar Hassanzadeh Elnaz Farajzadeh Memari Tabrizi

To evaluate the effects of using super absorbent and irrigation regimes on seed yield and yield components of maize cultivars a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was performed at the Research Field of Malekan Islamic More

To evaluate the effects of using super absorbent and irrigation regimes on seed yield and yield components of maize cultivars a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was performed at the Research Field of Malekan Islamic Azad University. Main factor consisted of three irrigation regimes (irrigation after 70, 110 and 150 mm evaporation from pan) and subfactor of two levels of super absorbent applications (application and without application) and three maize cultivars (704, Iranian maxima and overseas maxima). Based on the results obtained it was revealed that highest seed yield (985 g/m2) belonged to the plants irrigated after 70 mm evaporation from the pan without using super absorbent. Irrigation after evaporation of 150 mm from the pan decreased both seed numbers per plant and 100 seed weight, and seed yield loss amounted to be 46.1% as compared with irrigation after 70 mm evaporation from the pan. Without using super absorbent and irrigation after 150 mm evaporation from the pan decreased seed number per ear by 38.8% and 100 seed weight by 13.8%. However, application of super absorbent and irrigation of plants after 150 mm evaporation from the pan increased by grain yield 38% as compared with out using super absorbent. There were not significant difference between cultivars for seed yield and yield components. It could be concluded that application of super absorbent under water shortage conditions may reduce crop yield losses. Manuscript profile

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94 - The principle of non-impact of the degree and severity of the blame on commitment
Asghar Jangki lalaklo seyyd bager seyyedi bonabi

Liability in law is a legal obligation that one has to make up for the loss it has caused to another. Since matter of the present investigation is the principle of non-involvement of the degree and severity of the fault in the liability, the meaning is: The severity and More

Liability in law is a legal obligation that one has to make up for the loss it has caused to another. Since matter of the present investigation is the principle of non-involvement of the degree and severity of the fault in the liability, the meaning is: The severity and strength of the fault and its extent, namely the breach of obligations, has an impact on c ivil or contractual liability.In terms of the degree of influence and importance, the blame is divided into two kinds of deliberate and unintentional fault, and the latter fault itself into two types of heavy and light fault. Have divided.This division is not based on our rights. It is Iran's right to be held accountable to any degree. The severity and weakness of liability depends on the extent of the damage, not the degree of fault, and the principle is committed not to affect the grading of fault in liability. Therefore, in this research, the fundamental question must be answered as to whether or not the grading of fault in Iranian law has an impact on the committed responsibility.And in response to this, we conclude that in Iranian law, the principle is not to affect the degree and severity of the blame for liability. Manuscript profile

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95 - Shortcomings of Islamic Banking Implementation in Iran in the Light of Jurisprudential Teaching and Research Requirements
Mohammad Rasoul Ahangaran

10.22034/ijrj.2019.669367

The necessity of Islamic banking is clear to all today, because the impact and the role of banks are so significant in economic aspects and indeed sometimes it leads to economic behavior of the mass to become truly religious; then, they require banks to perform accordin More

The necessity of Islamic banking is clear to all today, because the impact and the role of banks are so significant in economic aspects and indeed sometimes it leads to economic behavior of the mass to become truly religious; then, they require banks to perform according to religion and jurisprudential legislation. While the attempts in this regard are considerable and worthy of appreciation, they come across challenges in terms of the education of jurisprudential rules and issues such as superficiality of teachings, lack of attempt to make teachings inclusive, personalization behavior, and the lack of a robust basis upon strong and integrated thinking and philosophical pillars. Sometimes, during a time span, the enthusiasm in implementing Islamic banking is completely tangible, while some other times, there is no attempt. Investment in relevant studies also follows the same path; sometimes a bulk of fund is allocated for such studies and some other times the fund reaches the least possible amount. As a result, teaching jurisprudential issues deeply and inclusively, in addition to emphasizing the research must stand upon a fixed and unchanged foundation, and follow an ascending and continuous line. Only in such conditions, along with solving other problems, it is hopeful that Islamic economy is executed in the manner that bank contracts do not solely remain in the formal mode any more. Manuscript profile

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96 - The role of genetic indices in determining the race of the Arabian horses
Sarvin Jabbari Mohammadreza Mashayekhi Ali Hassanpour

10.30495/jvcp.2019.666731

Considering that the horse breeding industry is the fourth largest source of income generation in the world, and due to the diversity of species of horses in the world and the necessity of purity determination amongst breeders and horse owners, the importance of laborat More

Considering that the horse breeding industry is the fourth largest source of income generation in the world, and due to the diversity of species of horses in the world and the necessity of purity determination amongst breeders and horse owners, the importance of laboratory research in this regard is justified. According to past research, carried out sporadically in the country and abroad, there is a vacuum in the study of Iranian horses in terms of the diversity of genetic markers such as STR. The present study investigated short tandem repeat (STR) and allele frequency of 50 Arab horses using four loci (VHL20, AHT4, HTG4 and HMS7) recommended by the International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG). For this purpose, genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood using the Miller procedure and amplified by Multiplex PCR with fluorescent primers.  The results indicated the presence of high genetic variability among the population of Arab horses. The number of alleles observed for each locus ranged from 6 to 9 with tAHT4 and VHL20 markers having the highest number of alleles with 9 alleles, and HTG4, with the highest heterozygosity. The HMS7 site had the lowest number of alleles among the sites examined with 7 alleles, and the VHL20 site had the lowest heterozygosity. The results of this study indicate a high frequency of genetic variation among the population of Arab horses. Manuscript profile

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97 - Increasing of Echocardiographic Fractional shortening following induced experimental hypertension in rats
Ramin Bahramnejad Heris gholamreza assadnassab Ghafour Mousavi

10.30495/jvcp.2022.1940964.1328

This study was done to investigate the changes relation between the Fractional shortening obtained from echocardiographic findings following experimental hypertension induced in rats. Arterial hypertension is one of the most important diseases in human societies today. More

This study was done to investigate the changes relation between the Fractional shortening obtained from echocardiographic findings following experimental hypertension induced in rats. Arterial hypertension is one of the most important diseases in human societies today. This disease affects the functional process of the heart. For this purpose, In the present study, The Fractional shortening following experimental hypertension in the heart of the studied rats was investigated. For this study 30 male Wistar rats were used. Echocardiography with physical restraint was performed on all studied rats and Fractional shortening was determined according to its formula. The animals under study were randomly divided into 3 groups. The first group was selected without surgery and the second group were induced hypertension and in the third group with operated control. The animals in the operated groups underwent abdominal surgery on the first day. To induce arterial hypertension, abdominal aortic stenosis was created above the renal arteries in the relevant group. Standard echocardiography was performed on days 7, 14 and 21. Then Fractional shortening was calculated. In this study, the mean of Fractional shortening in the hypertensive surgical group in day 14 was 40.42 ±0.18 Which showed the highest increase and it showed a significant difference on the same day in comparing whit control group (33.30 ± 0.15) and only surgery group (34.26 ± 0.21))p˂0.05). The present study showed that an increase in Fractional shortening index was observed following experimental arterial hypertension in rats. Manuscript profile

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98 - The effectiveness of Short time structured play therapy on attention –deficit Hyperactivity disorder in pre-school children (six years)
Naeimeh Mohebb Shahrokh Amiri Atefeh Behravesh

The present study has been carried out by the aim of examining the effect of structured short- term play therapy on controlling the symptoms of attention deficiency and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in preschool children suffering from ADHD. The methodology of the resea More

The present study has been carried out by the aim of examining the effect of structured short- term play therapy on controlling the symptoms of attention deficiency and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in preschool children suffering from ADHD. The methodology of the research was semi- experimental with pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population included children affected by ADHD who referred to Bozorgmehr Therapeutic Center. Thirty children were assigned randomly in two groups of control and experimental, using accessible sampling method. The instruments used were CSI-4, parents- teacher “ADHD rating scale” form, and parents form. The obtained data in two steps of pre- test and post- test was analyzed using the statistical method of one variety covariance analysis and U- Man - Whitney test. The results showed that based on the evaluation of parent- teacher form, structured short- term play therapy leads to significant decrease in hyperactivity, and attention symptoms deficiency of subjects in experimental group in comparison with control group respectively (P< 0.01). Manuscript profile

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99 - Predicting Reading Performance Based on Short Term Storage and Central Executive of Working Memory in 8-11 Years Old Children
Parisa Mosavati Azar Ali Reza Kiamanesh Hasan Ahadi

The aim of this study was to predict 8-11 years old childeren’sreading performance based on the short term storage (phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad) and central executive of working memory. The study was correlational and the statistical population co More

The aim of this study was to predict 8-11 years old childeren’sreading performance based on the short term storage (phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad) and central executive of working memory. The study was correlational and the statistical population consisted of 43304 students in primary schools of Tabriz in second and fifth grades from among whom, via multistage random sampling, 352 individuals were selected. The measuring tools were forward digit span task, Kim Carrad test, counting span  task and a researcher-made reading comprehension test. The data were analyzed using stepwise multivariate regression analysis. Among the components of working memory, phonological loop in the second grade (p=0/000) and central executive in the fifth grade (p=0/000) could predict reading comprehension more than other components. Based on the results, it can be said that working memory, as a primary means of facilitating learning, can help improve reading performance Manuscript profile

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100 - The educational toys effect on learning rate of premathematical number concepts in preschool children of Tabriz in 85-86
Farkhondeh Mofidi Zeynab Teymoori

The purpose of this research is investigating educational toys effect in pre – mathematical number concepts such as : more – less ,wide – narrow , short – long , near – far , fat – lean , tall – little , light –heavy and s More

The purpose of this research is investigating educational toys effect in pre – mathematical number concepts such as : more – less ,wide – narrow , short – long , near – far , fat – lean , tall – little , light –heavy and small – big in  preschool children of Tabriz in 85-86.       The sample size, using the cluster random sampling was 30 preschool students. The method of collecting data was a researcher made questionnaire. The validity of questions was affimed by supervisor and advisory professors and seven preschool educators and specialist managers. The reliability coefficient was O.q2.A pre – test and a post – test was conducted. The instruction was implemented through instruments manufactured by experiential entertainment company for learning pre – mathematical concepts which included: measurement cylinders, ring pyramid, set of classified features, stacked dice, scale and lego. The major question of the study was that whether educational toys have effect on learning of pre – mathematical concepts. To pre – test and post – test indicated that there is meaningful difference between learning of these concepts in pre – test and post – test. The situation of students that learned with toys , has become better. Key words : instructional learning toys – premathematical number concepts (i.e more – less, wide – narrow, short – long, far – near, fat- lean, small – big, light – heavy).  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

101 - Optimizing Management Method for Programming Numerically Controlled Mashine Tools
Mohammad Ali Rhbare Asr

This paper presents an algorithmic approach to solve the problem of excessive travel in C.N.C. machine tools by introducing an efficient management method to compute the shortest path between the given sets of points (origin and destination) in R2 (x, y) plane. When a w More

This paper presents an algorithmic approach to solve the problem of excessive travel in C.N.C. machine tools by introducing an efficient management method to compute the shortest path between the given sets of points (origin and destination) in R2 (x, y) plane. When a work piece is located (as an obstacle) between sets of points, it is proved that the optimum path between these points would be formed by sequences of connected straight line segments whose intermediate end points are vertices of an appropriate polygonal (closed control barrier). The case of one origin, one destination, and a set of barriers is considered in this research. This method is computationally efficient.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

102 - برنامه ریزی نیروی انسانی به روش زنجیره مارکوف (مطالعه موردی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد فیروزکوه)
ملیحه صحرایی

مقاله حاضر با هدف پیش بینی و تعیین عرضه خالص نیروی انسانی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد فیروزکوه برای یک دوره معین انجام شده است. لذا به کمک تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات گذشته منابع انسانی، از روش مدل زنجیره مارکوف استفاده شده است و در نهایت تعداد نیروی انسانی، ورود و خروج و همچنین More

مقاله حاضر با هدف پیش بینی و تعیین عرضه خالص نیروی انسانی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد فیروزکوه برای یک دوره معین انجام شده است. لذا به کمک تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات گذشته منابع انسانی، از روش مدل زنجیره مارکوف استفاده شده است و در نهایت تعداد نیروی انسانی، ورود و خروج و همچنین کمبود و مازاد در هر یک از واحدها و پست های مختلف سازمانی برای 5 سال آینده ( از 1390 تا 1394) پیش بینی شده است و بدین ترتیب تصویر روشنی از وضعیت نیروی انسانی از لحاظ ارتقاء، تنزل، انتقال، استخدام و ترک خدمت کارکنان برای تصمیم گیری مدیران فراهم شده است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل کلیه کارکنان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد فیروزکوه می‌باشد. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

103 - Effect of biodegradable and nanotropic fertilizers (Manganese, Cupper, and Zinc) on economic yield, antioxidant enzymes and concentration of some elements in Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) under drought Stress
esmat hashemi nafiseh mahdi nezhad barat ali fakheri roghaei mohammadpour

In order to investigate the effects of nanofertilizers (Fe, Zn, and Mn), Bioumik biological fertilizer, and drought stress on the economic yield of the sepal, antioxidant enzymes, and concentration of some elements in roselle plants under drought stress, a spilt plots e More

In order to investigate the effects of nanofertilizers (Fe, Zn, and Mn), Bioumik biological fertilizer, and drought stress on the economic yield of the sepal, antioxidant enzymes, and concentration of some elements in roselle plants under drought stress, a spilt plots experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Research Farm of the University of Zabol in 2015. Experimental treatments included drought stress at 4 levels (30, 50, 70, and 90 percent available moisture) as the main factor and four levels of fertilizers (no fertilizer, nano-iron, iron compounds, and nano-biological fertilizers) as the sub-agent. The main effects of drought stress, fertilizer, and their interactions on all traits were significant at P≤0.01. The highest fresh and dry weights were obtained under nano-iron fertilizer and 70 percent drought tolerance. Nano-iron fertilizer and 30 percent available moisture content resulted in the highest levels of catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes. Application of nano-iron fertilizer increased the concentration of micro and macro elements (Fe, Zn, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium) in the plant and the highest concentrations of the elements were observed in the interaction of nano-iron fertilizer with drought stress at 70 percent capacity of the pot. In general, it can be said that stress has a destructive effect on the plant, the use of nano-iron increases plant tolerance to stress, and the use of Roselle plant is suitable for stress conditions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

104 - Performance Optimization and Sensitivity Analysis of Junctionless FinFET with Asymmetric Doping Profile
Zahra Ahangari Ehsan Asadi Seied Ali Hosseini

10.22034/jna.2020.1898545.1208

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Open Access Article

105 - Performance Optimization and Sensitivity Analysis of Junctionless FinFET with Asymmetric Doping Profile
Zahra Ahangari Ehsan Asadi Seied Ali Hosseini

10.22034/jna.2022.680840

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Open Access Article

106 - Psycholinguistic Ambiance of Short Stories in Enhancing Students’ Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary Power
Belilew Molla Gebre

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Open Access Article

107 - Reading Achievement of Short Stories as a Way of Literature Incorporation and Improving Iranian Students' Grammatical and Vocabulary Knowledge
Akram Shekarian Behzadi Azar Bagheri Masoudzade

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Open Access Article

108 - Effects of Physical and Mental trainings on Short-Term Memory and Information Processing Speed in Elderly Men with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Arsalan Damirchi reza rezaeeshirazi Saeed Ghorbani

Introduction: The purpose of the research was to study of the effectiveness of physical and mental trainings on short-term memory and processing speed in elderly men with MCI.Methodology: 34 participants randomly allocated into three groups were included physical traini More

Introduction: The purpose of the research was to study of the effectiveness of physical and mental trainings on short-term memory and processing speed in elderly men with MCI.Methodology: 34 participants randomly allocated into three groups were included physical training (PT; n=11), mental training (MT; n=11) and control group (CG; n=12). The trainings were performed for 8 weeks and three sessions per week. The PT group began running on treadmill from 20 minutes in the 1st to 4rd weeks and was afterward increased to 30 minutes in the 5rd to 8rd weeks. The intensity of the trainings was adjusted based on the Borg rating of perceived exertion scale in the range of 13 to 15.The MT also practiced Smart thinker on the Android operating system on tablets/cellphones and included easy, medium and hard levels. Research variables were measured before and after training, and also 3 months. Statistical analysis was performed using the repeated measure ANOVA followed by bonferroni post-hoc with significance set at P<.05. Results: Finding of bonferroni post-hoc test revealed significantly increase between PT compared with CG (p=.010) and MT compared with CG (p=.001) in post-test of short-term memory variable. Also. it revealed significantly increase between MT compared with PT (p=.030) and CG (p=.001) in post-test of processing speed.Conclusion: Results of the study recommended that 8 weeks of mental and physical trainings have effects on cognitive performance such as short-term memory and processing speed in elderly men with MCI. But, mental training is a more appropriate approach. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

109 - Electromagnetic Force Analysis of Transformer on the Ferroresonance due to Consecutive 3–Phase Short–Circuit Faults Using Finite Element Method (FEM)
Ali Ahmadpour SeyedJalal Seyed Shenava Abdolmajid Dejamkhooy Elham Mokaramian

In this paper, Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to study the ferroresonance phenomenon from the perspective of the electromagnetic forces introduced on the transformer windings. In order to simulate this phenomenon, a consecutive 3–phase short–circuit fau More

In this paper, Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to study the ferroresonance phenomenon from the perspective of the electromagnetic forces introduced on the transformer windings. In order to simulate this phenomenon, a consecutive 3–phase short–circuit fault is considered to be on the primary side at a relatively distant from the transformer. Then, due to the capacitance of the line, between the error point and transformer, the single–phase short–circuit faults are generated, one–by–one. Because of the switching, for isolation feeder from the fault point, the ferroresonance appears in power system. Then, voltages and currents of the primary and secondary windings will be changed. The effect of current changes on the forces that transformer coils withstand, when the ferroresonance happens, is an interesting topic to this paper. With modeling of the transformer and feeder switching in the FLUX 12.2 software, the ferroresonance condition is simulated. Due to the dependence of the ferroresonance on the non-linearity of the magnetic characteristic of the transformer core, Jiles–Atherton vector hysteresis model is used to modeling the core hysteresis loops for enhancement the results accurate.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

110 - A Robust and Smart Approach to Message Broadcasts in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks for Emergency
Mohammad Sadegh Azhdari Ali Barati Hamid Barati

Vehicular ad hoc networks are designed to provide safety and comfort for drivers and passengers. In these networks, many topological changes create many challenges for efficient data delivery. The data dissemination method can meet the needs of emergency message broadca More

Vehicular ad hoc networks are designed to provide safety and comfort for drivers and passengers. In these networks, many topological changes create many challenges for efficient data delivery. The data dissemination method can meet the needs of emergency message broadcasting. Disseminating data on these networks is a complex and vital task because the highly variable speeds of vehicles increase communication gaps. In these networks, fast and guaranteed high delivery of packets is essential. In this paper, a method is proposed in which the dedicated short range communication (DSRC) channel is divided into three different types of priorities for beacon messages. A dynamic receiver is defined for each class to broadcast the message. The technique of considering the intermediate condition between the source node and the sender node is used to prevent the broadcast of redundancy and the optimal use of bandwidth. The proposed method does not require any hardware or central controller. In order to analyze the efficiency, the proposed method is compared with ASPBT and aadaptive data dissemination protocol (AddP) methods. The analytical evaluation and simulation results show that our proposed method is superior to other methods in terms of efficiency.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

111 - Design of Induction Switched Reluctance Motor for Propulsion Electric Bus
Ali Madanimohammadi Mohammadali Abbasian Majid Delshad Hadi Saghafi

In recent years, metropolises around the world have seen a declining trend in the air quality index. Much of this pollution is related to public transportation. Upgrading public transportation can be a way out of this impasse. Due to environmental concerns, it is recomm More

In recent years, metropolises around the world have seen a declining trend in the air quality index. Much of this pollution is related to public transportation. Upgrading public transportation can be a way out of this impasse. Due to environmental concerns, it is recommended to switch from conventional diesel buses to electric buses, which have several benefits in terms of reducing pollution, noise and fuel. In this paper, a high power induction switched reluctance motor used in a city electric bus is studied. The stator and rotor structure of this electric car is non-segmental. The structure is such that a short magnetic flux path is created in the rotor and stator core. As a result, high torque is produced with low losses. Since the electric motor has a very high power, it therefore requires a large amount of permanent magnets, so it is desirable that the electric motor in the electric bus does not have a permanent magnet. Here is a three-phase induction switched reluctance motor with a power of 220 kW, with 6 stator poles and 4 rotor poles. A two-dimensional finite element model is designed and its magnetic analysis is performed. The flux path, torque and efficiency of the induction switched reluctance motor are calculated and the results are presented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

112 - Impact of Type and Impedance Value of Fault Current Limiters on the Transient Stability of the Power System Taking in to Fault Clearing Time
Mahdi Dehghani Ashkezari Sayed Mahmod Modaresi Modaresi Sayed Amin Saied Tahera Daemi HamidReza Akbari

In general, the basis of operation of most fault current limiters is to reduce the short-circuit current by adding a large impedance to the system at the time of the fault. However, fault current limiters differ in the type of impedance and how the impedance adds and re More

In general, the basis of operation of most fault current limiters is to reduce the short-circuit current by adding a large impedance to the system at the time of the fault. However, fault current limiters differ in the type of impedance and how the impedance adds and removes the system. In this paper, taking into account three different locations for installing fault current limiter in a sample power network, as well as changing the type (inductance or resistance) and its impedance value in an extensive range, the effects of these parameters on the stability of the power system have been investigated and analyzed. The criterion used for the first time in this article by the authors to examine and evaluate the transient stability of the power system is the method of the difference between the accelerating and decelerating area. The basis of this method is based on the equal area criterion. Other issues addressed in this paper are presenting a method for locating and determining the optimal value of fault current limiter impedance to improve the stability of the power system. Also, the effect of fault clearing time on transient stability has been studied when the fault current limiter is present in the power grid. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

113 - Syllable Segmentation of Farsi Continuous Speech using Wavelet Coefficients Thresholding and Fuzzy Smoothing of Energy Contour
Ghazaal Sheikhi Hamid Mahmoodian

Syllable, as a sub-word unit, nowadays plays an active role in the field of speech processing and recognition research according to its robust relation to human speech production and cognition. Automatic syllable boundaries detection is an important step forward in the More

Syllable, as a sub-word unit, nowadays plays an active role in the field of speech processing and recognition research according to its robust relation to human speech production and cognition. Automatic syllable boundaries detection is an important step forward in the areas of speech prosody, natural speech synthesis and speech recognition. In this paper, a novel method in automatic syllabification of Farsi continuous speech based on acoustic structure is proposed. Our previous studies, showed the proficiency of energy contour fuzzy smoothing method, compared with other prominent works in this area. This paper suggests that the conventional methodology-used in speech enhancement based on wavelet coefficient thresholding would improve syllable segmentation by decreasing insertion error. This process declines the energy in high energy consonants which are responsible for extra peaks in short term energy contour. Experimental results showed that utilizing proposed method along with fuzzy smoothing would diminish insertion error about 8% with no reasonable effect on other efficiency criteria. More than 94% of syllables are automatically segmented using presented technique with less than 50ms error. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

114 - Critical Analysis of the Principles and Rules of Marking Mus'hafs in the Islamic World (Case Study: Short Sound Signs)
alireza sobhani mohammad nasehi Hosein Khoshdel Mofrad

Inventing the three signs of short movements is the most basic kind of initiative of Muslims in order to read the text of the Holy Quran correctly and to protect it from any distortion and change. With the expansion of the marking of musafirs and the emergence of new sy More

Inventing the three signs of short movements is the most basic kind of initiative of Muslims in order to read the text of the Holy Quran correctly and to protect it from any distortion and change. With the expansion of the marking of musafirs and the emergence of new symbols, which were generally drawn as dots, it became more difficult for readers to distinguish these symbols. while expressing the process of formation of different shapes of short movement signs in different periods, has studied the method of Mushaqah and Magharbeh Mus'hafs in recording the signs mentioned in the Holy Quran; Finally, by examining four types of recording of short movement signs and also examining the shape of Tanvin signs in different periods and places, it became clear that, firstly, short movement signs have not had a fixed form throughout history; Second, these symbols were originally invented only to indicate the movement of consonants; But over time, it was also used as an auxiliary symbol to indicate modal letters. Studies have shown that the use of short gestures as an auxiliary symbol not only has no precise basis but also makes it difficult to read the text.Keywords:Marking rules, auxiliary signs&emsp; Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

115 - Investigating the effect of infill walls in creating short columns in concrete frames (a case study
Mohammad Reza Tabeshpour soudabeh taheri

10.30495/civil.2023.702324

Owing to the common use of infill walls in conventional buildings, it is a practical and important topic to investigate the effect of infill walls on the behavior of structures during earthquakes. One of the disadvantages of infilled frames is the presence of large wind More

Owing to the common use of infill walls in conventional buildings, it is a practical and important topic to investigate the effect of infill walls on the behavior of structures during earthquakes. One of the disadvantages of infilled frames is the presence of large window openings in some of the reinforced concrete frame buildings, which results in the short column phenomenon. The part of the column that is adjacent to the wall is almost integrated with the wall and leads to a reduction in the height of the column. Therefore, the lateral stiffness increases considerably. With increasing stiffness, the lateral force applied to the column also increases. In this study, a 4-story, 3-span reinforced concrete model with a different arrangement of infill walls in the stories and considering short walls on the ground floor, the short column phenomenon has been investigated in ETABS software. Also, the seismic capacity of the structure has been calculated by valid methods based on the capacity spectrum method proposed by ATC40. The results indicate that with increasing stiffness, the maximum shear force applied to the column due to the presence of the infill wall under the designed earthquake load will increase by about 50% compared to the frame without the infill wall. Furthermore, the amount of stiffness difference in the frame with and without infill wall in the analyzed models is about 70%, which can prevent irreparable damage by predicting this event and proper design. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

116 - Study of the Behavior of Composite Steel Columns Filled with Short (non-slender) Concrete with (L)-shaped Geometric Cross Section under Numerical Sensitivity Analysis (FEM) with Axial Compression Loading
seyed ali mousavi davoudi morteza naghipour

In recent years, the use of concrete-filled steel sections (CFST) has been widely used for many benefits, including excellent seismic performance, high strength, high flexibility and energy absorption capacity relative to concrete (RC) and steel sections in the construc More

In recent years, the use of concrete-filled steel sections (CFST) has been widely used for many benefits, including excellent seismic performance, high strength, high flexibility and energy absorption capacity relative to concrete (RC) and steel sections in the construction industry. These columns are often more commonly used in the form of circles. The main reason for this is the point that circular sections create more enclosure than other sections in the core concrete. This makes the circular sections more widely used in columns (CFST) than in other sections. However, in some cases, the use of circular sections will be impossible, including architectural considerations, the implementation of more economical and easier connections in the quadratic sections than the circular sections, these causes certain shapes, including sections Square and flat sections and sections with L and T shape shapes are used in some parts of the building. considering the importance of this issue in this paper, we tried to introduce and investigate the mechanical behavior of short columns (CFST) with L-shaped geometric section and study the parametric effect of steel wall thickness and compressive stress of concrete on the capacity and mechanical behavior of these columns at the end and after analysis of the study samples, it was determined in the finite element analysis (FEM) that, in columns (CFST), the effect of the thickness of the steel structure was more effective on the capacity and mechanical behavior of the columns (CFST) with the geometric cross section L will be the shape. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

117 - نگاه اجمالی بر ترجمه شفاهی پی در پی
حسین رحمان پناه

10.30495/lct.2022.1949877.1051

در ترجمه شفاهی پیاپی در ابتدا سخنران جملات کوتاهی را ادا می کند و سپس مکث می کند تا مترجم کار ترجمه رو شروع کرده و آن ها را برای حاضران بیان کند. به عبارت دیگر، در ترجمه شفاهی، مترجم شفاهی به بخشی از  صحبتهای یک سخنران که به زبان مبدأ ارائه می‌شود گوش داده و یادداش More

در ترجمه شفاهی پیاپی در ابتدا سخنران جملات کوتاهی را ادا می کند و سپس مکث می کند تا مترجم کار ترجمه رو شروع کرده و آن ها را برای حاضران بیان کند. به عبارت دیگر، در ترجمه شفاهی، مترجم شفاهی به بخشی از  صحبتهای یک سخنران که به زبان مبدأ ارائه می‌شود گوش داده و یادداشت‌برداری می‌کند. این یادداشت‌ها صرفاً برای کمک به حافظه بکاربرده می‌شوند و تمام آنچه را گوینده بیان نموده است بصورت کلمه به کلمه شامل نمی‌شوند. یعنی با مکث سخنران، مترجم شفاهی فرصتی برای ترجمه انچه شنیده است ، پیدا میکند. بنابراین مترجم شفاهی پیاپی به مهارتهایی چون حضورذهن بالا، حافظه و ذهن قوی، اعتماد به نفس ارتقا یافته و تسلط  وافر به دو زبان مبدا و مقصد  نیاز مند است. در این مقاله، محقق با مروری بر مدل های اخیر ترجمه شفاهی پیاپی و استراتژی هایی که مترجم شفاهی در حین ترجمه از انها بهره مند میگردد، به اهمیت نقش حافظه ، یادداشت برداری و ویژگیهای شخصیتی مترجم شفاهی پرداخته و راهکارهایی را برای ارتقا این عوامل پیشنهاد میکند. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

118 - Analysis of the short story "Sabr kon Allah Ti Ti" by Qasim Kashkoli with the theory of "Eileen Baldeshwiler"
zahra eshaghi sakineh garivani ahmad foroozanfar

Poetic or lyrical short story is considered as one of the types of postmodern story, so; Eileen Baldschweiler's theory of the mentality and the inner world of the characters is narrated with a direct and direct image and with a lyrical language, and it shows the mental More

Poetic or lyrical short story is considered as one of the types of postmodern story, so; Eileen Baldschweiler's theory of the mentality and the inner world of the characters is narrated with a direct and direct image and with a lyrical language, and it shows the mental states and ups and downs of the feelings and emotions of the main character about a specific issue. The purpose of thisim Kashkoli, based on Eileen Baldeshwiler's theory. The present research has been collected by descriptive-analytical method and by referring to the library and gathering information. The results of the research indicate that the author has made the emotional emotions and the inner world of the main character bolder with the method of expressing external events, and in this way expresses different associations. Concise and lyrical language is one of the author's skills in writing this story. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

119 - Morphology of the short story Yad fi al-Qabar by Ghassan Kanfani based on the theory of Vladimir Propp
Ezzat Mollaebrahimi Parastoo Bahmani Alvares

The story can play an influential role in conveying various political, social, cultural, economic concepts. Contemplation in stories and accuracy in the sequence of events in it helps the audience to better understand its concepts. Examining the narrative structure of t More

The story can play an influential role in conveying various political, social, cultural, economic concepts. Contemplation in stories and accuracy in the sequence of events in it helps the audience to better understand its concepts. Examining the narrative structure of the short story will reveal the hidden relationships in its infrastructure and reveal the structure and form of the story better. One of the prominent methods of examining fictional texts is the analysis of the structure of stories from the morphological point of view of Vladimir Propp - a famous Russian anthropologist and linguist. Although Propp has defined certain functions for fairy tales, this model can be adapted to other types of stories. What, Propp's systematic mind was constantly seeking to structure the stories and put them in a certain framework. The current research aims to evaluate and analyze and explain the short story. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

120 - Modern narrative techniques in the cheetah story series that ran with me
homa hooshyar reza sadeghi shahpar ghahreman shiri

One of the keys to unraveling the complexities and understanding or obscuring of modern stories is to understand the narrative style and storytelling techniques. Each story generates unique questions and answers associated with narrative practices. Choosing and Creating More

One of the keys to unraveling the complexities and understanding or obscuring of modern stories is to understand the narrative style and storytelling techniques. Each story generates unique questions and answers associated with narrative practices. Choosing and Creating the Narrative Style opens up to the author among the old or recurring concepts and themes of the narrative - a new world. Bijan Najdi is one of the contemporary modernist storytellers who has special techniques in storytelling, and these particular techniques distinguish his stories from those of other contemporary storytellers. In the present article, Bijan Najdi's collection of cheetahs that ran with me is examined from the perspective of modern narrative techniques. The research results show that he used modern narrative techniques such as: narrative narrative, plural narrative, and delirious narrative, use of cinematic techniques, angle of view rotation, and so on. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

121 - Effect of Exogenous Enzymes on Nutrient Digestibility and Ruminal Fermentation of Holstein Cows
R.J. Tseu L.L.C. Paucar F. Perna Junior R.F. Carvalho R.G.S. Nogueira E.C.O. Cassiano D.C.Z. Vasquez L.A.R. Solórzano P.H.M. Rodrigues

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Open Access Article

122 - Genetic Diversity Analysis of Four Sheep Breeds of Iran: Towards Genetic Maintenance and Conservation Decision
H. Alnajm S. Alijani A. Javanmard S.A. Rafat K. Hasanpur

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123 - Effect of Tannins and Monensin on Rumen Fermentation and Feed Energy Partitioning of Nellore Cows
R.J. Tseu F. Perna Junior R.F. Carvalho G.A. Sene C.B. Tropaldi A.H. Peres F. Dos Anjos P.H.M. Rodrigues

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Open Access Article

124 - مقایسه تأثیر روش‌های متفاوت همزمان‌سازی فحلی بر عملکرد تولیدمثل گوسفند فراهانی در ایران
آ. میرشمس الهی

این پژوهش به منظور تعیین بهترین روش کوتاه مدت برای همزمانی فحلی، بر روی 123 رأس میش توده فراهانی، در یکی از دامداریهای شهرستان دلیجان استان مرکزی اجرا گردید. میشها به طور تصادفی به 5 گروه آزمایشی تقسیم شدند: گروه یک) استفاده از کنترل داخل واژن از طریق ترشح به More

این پژوهش به منظور تعیین بهترین روش کوتاه مدت برای همزمانی فحلی، بر روی 123 رأس میش توده فراهانی، در یکی از دامداریهای شهرستان دلیجان استان مرکزی اجرا گردید. میشها به طور تصادفی به 5 گروه آزمایشی تقسیم شدند: گروه یک) استفاده از کنترل داخل واژن از طریق ترشح به وسیله دستگاه CIDR برای هفت روز با تزریق عضلانی PGF2α در روز صفر و تزریق عضلانی 500 واحد بین المللی  eCGدر زمان برداشت CIDR؛ گروه دو) استفاده از سیدر برای هفت روز و تزریق عضلانی PGF2α در روز ششم و تزریق عضلانی 500 واحد بین المللی  eCGدر زمان برداشت CIDR؛ گروه سه) استفاده از اسفنج درون واژنی برای هفت روز با تزریق عضلانی PGF2α در روز صفر و تزریق عضلانی 500 واحد بین المللی  eCGدر زمان برداشت اسفنج؛ گروه چهار) استفاده از اسفنج درون واژنی برای هفت روز با تزریق عضلانی PGF2α در روز ششم و تزریق عضلانی 500 واحد بین المللی  eCGدر زمان برداشت اسفنج؛ گروه پنج) شاهد، بدون تیمار هورمونی. نتایج نشان دادند که درصد زایش در تاریخ مورد انتظار، در تمام گروههای هورمونی تقریباً دو برابر گروه شاهد بود. هریک از تیمارهای هومونی به کار رفته برای همزمانی فحلی، درصد دوقلوزایی در تاریخ مورد انتظار را در مقایسه با گروه شاهد افزایش داد. با توجه به اطلاعات به دست آمده، زایمانهای انجام شده در تاریخ مورد انتظار در محدوده 7 روز انجام شد و استفاده از دو وسیله اسفنج درون واژنی و CIDR در روش درمان کوتاه مدت، اثرات مطلوبی بر میزان باروری میشها داشت. Manuscript profile

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125 - Presentation of an Efficient Automatic Short Answer Grading Model Based on Combination of Pseudo Relevance Feedback and Semantic Relatedness Measures
Hossein Sadr Mojdeh Nazari Solimandarabi

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126 - Application Methods of Thymus vulgaris Essential Oil and Their Effect on Vase Life and Qualitative Traits of Gladiolus grandiflorus L. Cut Flowers
Sara Nikkhah Eshghi Sepideh Kalate jari

In this study, combined effect of two essential oils, Thymol and Carvacrol, with different concentrations in two methods on Gladiolous grandiflorous L. was investigated based on a completely randomized design with 3 replicates and four flower in each replicate. Sansusi More

In this study, combined effect of two essential oils, Thymol and Carvacrol, with different concentrations in two methods on Gladiolous grandiflorous L. was investigated based on a completely randomized design with 3 replicates and four flower in each replicate. Sansusi variety applied that was red. In short term method, different concentrations of Thymol and Carvacrolin including 25+25, 50+50 and 75+75 ppm with sucrose 6% and distilled water (as control) were evaluated. Red flowers were treated in mentioned solutions for 24 hours and then they were taken to distilled water to the end of evaluation period. In standard method, different concentrations including 12.5+12.5, 25+25 and 37.5+37.5 ppm and sucrose 2% and distilled water as control were used. Flowers were kept in solutions from beginning experiment until the end of vase life. Every 48 hour, once, solutions were made to replace. Preserver solutions can use with wholesalers or retailers to protect flowers in order to sold users. Thymol and carvacrol as the most essential oil of Thymus vulgaris have strong antimicrobial and antioxidant effects. In short term method, combined treatment of thymol and carvacrol with 150 ppm had the most soluble sugar and petal aqueous contents and the least rate of blossoming. In addition, the most vase life in combined treatment of carvacrol and thymol was observed in 100 ppm with mean of 11.57days. Concentration of Anthocyanin was the most in short-term method in compared to standard in last days of experiment. Manuscript profile

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127 - The Impact of Rural-Urban Migration on Poultry Production in the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria
Albert Ofuoku Oghenesuvwe Okpara Oghenebrorhie Obakanurhe

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128 - An inventory model for deteriorating items with time-dependent demand and time-varying holding cost under partial backlogging
Vinod Kumar Mishra Lal Sahab Singh Rakesh Kumar

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129 - Optimal lot sizing in screening processes with returnable defective items
Behzad Maleki Vishkaei S. T. A. Niaki Milad Farhangi Mehdi Ebrahimnezhad Moghadam Rashti

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130 - Optimizing pricing and ordering strategies in a three-level supply chain under return policy
Mahsa Noori-daryan Ata Allah Taleizadeh

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131 - A credit policy approach in a two-warehouse inventory model for deteriorating items with price- and stock-dependent demand under partial backlogging
Gobinda Chandra Panda Md. Al-Amin Khan Ali Akbar Shaikh

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132 - the effect of short time skill training on the behavioral Competencies of kindergarten teachers in Minoudasht
mehdi jafaryan

This research was conducted in order to investigate the effect of short time skill training on the behavioral Competencies of kindergarten teachers in Minoudasht. The research method used in this study is descriptive and correlational in terms of its applied purpose, qu More

This research was conducted in order to investigate the effect of short time skill training on the behavioral Competencies of kindergarten teachers in Minoudasht. The research method used in this study is descriptive and correlational in terms of its applied purpose, quantitative in terms of data type, and in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this research includes all kindergarten teachers who participated in short time skill training courses in Minoudasht in 2022, and the number of trained teachers was about 132 people. Due to the limited statistical population, the entire population was used for the sample size, and then using a researcher-made questionnaire in three dimensions and 21 items based on a five-point Likert scale, and extracted items were questioned. In the descriptive statistics section, the description of the data is presented in two sections, background variables and main variables, and in the inferential statistics section, non-parametric Pearson correlation test, T test and regression were used to check the hypotheses. According to the research data, it can be said that short time skill training (perceptual skills, human skills and technical skills) has a positive and significant effect on the behavioral Competencies of kindergarten teachers in Minoudasht Manuscript profile

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133 - Analyzing and measuring the systemic risk between cryptocurrencies and real currencies using the value-at-risk and the marginal expected shortfall
Zohre Rahimi Gholamreza Zomorodian Azita Jahanshad Mehdi Madanchizaj

The purpose of this paper is to analyze and measure the systemic risk between the cryptocurrency and real currencies using the conditional risk exposure value approach and the expected marginal loss. In this study, statistical data of real and virtual currencies during More

The purpose of this paper is to analyze and measure the systemic risk between the cryptocurrency and real currencies using the conditional risk exposure value approach and the expected marginal loss. In this study, statistical data of real and virtual currencies during the years 2015-2021 have been used. For this purpose, systemic risk indices have been calculated using CoVaR and MES indices and then the correlation between systemic risk of currencies has been evaluated. In this study, the statistical data of the currencies of the exchange rate of the pound to the dollar, the exchange rate of the yuan to the dollar, the exchange rate of the lira to the dollar, the exchange rate of the euro to the dollar, bitcoin, atrium, ripple, litcoin and atrium based on daily price returns Currencies and real currencies were used. The results showed that there was a correlation between systemic risk indicators for the studied currencies and virtual currencies had a lower systemic risk index than real currencies. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and measure the systemic risk between the cryptocurrency and real currencies using the conditional risk exposure value approach and the expected marginal loss. In this study, statistical data of real and virtual currencies during the years 2015-2021 have been used. For this purpose, systemic risk indices have been calculated using CoVaR and MES indices and then the correlation between systemic risk of currencies has been evaluated. Manuscript profile

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134 - Presenting the Evolutionary Model of Short Selling Using Collective Intelligence and Ant Colony Algorithm
Sadegh Hojjati Arash Naderian Majid Ashrafi Jamadverdi Gorganli Doji

10.30495/ecomag.2023.1998595.1082

The purpose of this research is to present the evolutionary model of short selling using collective intelligence and an ant colony algorithm. In terms of method, this research is in the category of quantitative research, and the purpose of the study is practical. The st More

The purpose of this research is to present the evolutionary model of short selling using collective intelligence and an ant colony algorithm. In terms of method, this research is in the category of quantitative research, and the purpose of the study is practical. The statistical population includes all active companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. This research has been investigated between 2011 and 2019 for active companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. The method of data collection is library-type and uses foreign and domestic articles and financial data of companies admitted to the stock exchange, which has been compiled by referring to financial statements and explanatory notes using the new Rahvard Novin software. In the following, we have presented the short-selling model by using EViews 9 software and MATLAB, and then using MATLAB software and the ant colony algorithm, we have presented the evolutionary model of short selling. In the end, by comparing the step-by-step regression model and the borrowed sales model (ant colony algorithm), he presented a model that is more efficient than other models. The result of the research indicates that the short-selling model with the help of the ant colony algorithm has a higher efficiency. Manuscript profile

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135 - The relationship between the shadow economy and income inequality in Iran, a self-explanatory vector approach with wide intervals
Fariba Rashnoo Gholam Ali Haji

10.30495/ecomag.2023.1997429.1077

One of the most important goals of governments in any economy is to control the income inequality situation, so that in every country, governments are trying to improve the conditions of income distribution according to the factors they have. One of the very important f More

One of the most important goals of governments in any economy is to control the income inequality situation, so that in every country, governments are trying to improve the conditions of income distribution according to the factors they have. One of the very important factors that affect income distribution is the shadow economy. As a factor that affects macroeconomic variables, the shadow economy also affects income distribution.Therefore, in this article, the impact of the size of the shadow economy on income inequality in the short and long term periods has been investigated using the panel data econometric method and in the period from 1366 to 1400 in Iran. The results show that the shadow economy has a positive effect (improvement of income distribution) on income distribution in the short term, but this effect is negative in the long term, in other words, the shadow economy has a negative effect on income distribution in the long term. Manuscript profile

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136 - The Impact of Short-term Sales Restrictions on Conservative Financial Reports of Firms Listed in Tehran Stock Exchange
elahe mirzaei Zahra Amirhosseini

In recent years, the issue of reported profit quality has attracted the attention of many researchers. One of the aspects of quality is conservative profit. This means that the more profit conservative, the higher quality (of it). In this paper, the impact of short-term More

In recent years, the issue of reported profit quality has attracted the attention of many researchers. One of the aspects of quality is conservative profit. This means that the more profit conservative, the higher quality (of it). In this paper, the impact of short-term sales restrictions on conservative financial reports has been examined. According to the literature of the present study, a Regression Model has been used to investigate this relationship. Based on the financial information of 510 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during 2011-2015, we conclude that the short term sales restrictions do not have effect on conservative financial reports. Manuscript profile

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137 - The Comparative Effects of Using Electronic Short Story Books and Tradi-tional Printed Texts on EFL Learners’ Reading Comprehension
Abdollah Baradaran Sepeedeh Hanifehzadeh

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138 - The Story of More Charming Than Green; A Narrative and Mystical Analaysis
Masumeh Hāmidoost Ahmad Razi

In analyzing Iranian mystical literature, the critics and literary scholars have mainly focused on Persian poems, but in recent decades, prose writings, especially short stories, have played an important role in reflecting mystical beliefs, deeds and doctrines. More cha More

In analyzing Iranian mystical literature, the critics and literary scholars have mainly focused on Persian poems, but in recent decades, prose writings, especially short stories, have played an important role in reflecting mystical beliefs, deeds and doctrines. More charming than green, written by Ali Moazzeni, is one of these short stories. The aim of present article is to analyze the story by using descriptive method. The story is considered in three levels: theme, literary images and narrative method, in order to show that how mystical concepts have been reconstructed in the story. In this story, the concepts like spiritual journey (suluk), self-knowledge, God's testing, peace and friendship, saintship, unity of vision and ease of mind have joined with religious issues and mystical themes and have been presented in new forms. Using literary images and different methods of narration associated with mystical themes have led to coherence of the story. Manuscript profile

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139 - The Myth of Absence of Girl
Mohammad Mashhadi Noushabad

One of the myths about places of pilgrimage in Iranian culture is the myth that tells about the absence of girl from fountain or well which is reflected in public beliefs. Perhaps, the background of this myth is the story of stealing Shahrnaz and Arnavaz, the daughters More

One of the myths about places of pilgrimage in Iranian culture is the myth that tells about the absence of girl from fountain or well which is reflected in public beliefs. Perhaps, the background of this myth is the story of stealing Shahrnaz and Arnavaz, the daughters of Jamshid, by Zahhāk and being freed by Jamshid, and the story of the absence of Kei-Khosrow from the fountain. Some scholars believe that in Aryan culture the stealing girl or cow is connected with absence of rain. This article indicates that this myth has five basic elements: the absence of girl in a determined place, the place of absence that is usually connected with water (fountain or well), the evil that the girl is absent for deliverance from it, the dream that narrates the story of absence and holiness, and the holiness of the place and the holding the rites of pilgrimage. The places include all Zoroastrian holy shrines (pirangah) and many Islamic Shrines as well. The exact analysis of elements of the myth needs to notice the location of fountain, water, stone and sacred rock, wickedness of the evil force and its attack on the holy force, spell bounding of water and blessing, and water shortages. Also, the relationship of the myth with Anahita is proved in the article. Since the myth appears in dream, a psychological analysis is employed. As a result, in pre-Islamic era, the shortage of water in fountains and wells relating to the absence of Anahita, transforms to the absence of the daughter of saint in Islamic period. Manuscript profile

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140 - The Validity Scales of the Short Form of MMPI in Farsi
S. M. Mirzamani Reza Karaminia S. Hossein Salimi Mohammad A. Besharat

The validity scales of the MMPI short form, Mini Mult in Farsi language were tested using 279 males and females in a hospital comprising four groups: 1) 120 job seekers referred for employment medical examinations, 2) 32 men referred for disability determination, to be More

The validity scales of the MMPI short form, Mini Mult in Farsi language were tested using 279 males and females in a hospital comprising four groups: 1) 120 job seekers referred for employment medical examinations, 2) 32 men referred for disability determination, to be exempt from military service or to receive economic and social support, 3) 68 psychological outpatients, 4) 59 normal people randomly selected from the hospital staff and visitors. Group 1 presented significantly higher scores on the Lie(L) and Corrective (K) scales and lower scores on the clinical scales, trying to appear better than they were. In contrast, Group 2 showed elevation in the infrequency (F) scale and lower scores on the “L” and “K” validity scales, and higher scores on the clinical scales trying to appear worse than they were. Therefore, it is important for the clinician to take into account the intention of subjects and scores presented in both validity and clinical scales. Manuscript profile

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141 - The Effect of Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy Based on Core Conflictual Relationship Theme on Improvement of Mother-Child Interactional Patterns
Tayebeh Shahmoradifar Parviz Azad Fallah Hojatollah Farahani

This study aimed to investigated The Effect of Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy Based on Core Conflictual Relationship Theme on Improvement of Mother-Child Interactional Patterns.The study was a quasi-experimental design. The participants included three mothers who live More

This study aimed to investigated The Effect of Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy Based on Core Conflictual Relationship Theme on Improvement of Mother-Child Interactional Patterns.The study was a quasi-experimental design. The participants included three mothers who lived in Tehran. All three participants took part in a 12 session that administered as one hour sessions per week and experienced brief psychodynamic psychotherapy. The participant were assessed eight times (2 baseline assessments, 5 during therapeutic session assessments, and 1 follow up assessment) by the Parent-Child Relationship Scale (Pianta, 2011) and the Maternal Caregiving Quality Scale (Ghanbari, Khodapanahi, Mazaheri, & Lavasani, 2012). Visual analysis Within condition and Between condition used to analyze the acquired information. The results revealed that the intervention improved the mother – child interactions. According to the research findings, many of the parent – child conflicts, rooted in the unconscious self-object mental representations of parents. Manuscript profile

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142 - Determine the Impedance Value of Fault Current Limiter (FCL) in Electric Power System
سید محمود مدرسی حمید لسانی

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143 - Compensating and Enhancing Voltage Quality in Electrical Distribution Systems Using Dynamic Voltage Restorer Based on Synchronous Reference Frame Theory
Hamid Karimi Mohsen Simab Mehdi Nafar

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144 - A Wavelet Transform-Based Hybrid Short Term Load Forecasting Method for Managing the Costs of EV Charging Stations and Parking Lots
Yashar Khanchoupani Mojtaba Beiraghi Reza Ghanizadeh

10.30495/spre.2023.707656

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145 - Presenting the Forecasting Model of Bitcoin Return Using the hybrid Method of Deep Learning - Signal Decomposition Algorithm (CEEMD-DL)
sakineh sayyadi nezhad Ali Esmaeil Zadeh Mohammad Reza Rostami

10.30495/fed.2023.700133

Abstract With the increasing popularity and widespread use of cryptocurrencies, the creation and development of methods for predicting price movements in this field has attracted a lot of attention. In between, recent developments in deep learning (DL) models with stru More

Abstract With the increasing popularity and widespread use of cryptocurrencies, the creation and development of methods for predicting price movements in this field has attracted a lot of attention. In between, recent developments in deep learning (DL) models with structures such as long-short-term memory (LSTM) and convolutional neural network (CNN) have made improvements in the analysis of this type of data. Another approach that can be effective in the analysis of cryptocurrencies time series is the decomposition through algorithms such as complete integrated empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD). Considering the importance of forecasting in the cryptocurrencies field, in this research, by combining deep learning models and complete integrated empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD), The hybrid CEEMD-DL(LSTM) model has been used to forecast the bitcoin return (as the most popular currency). In this regard, the daily data of the total index of the Tehran Stock Exchange was used in the period of 2013/01/01 – 2022/05/28 and the results obtained were compared with the results of competing models based on efficiency measurement criteria. Based on the obtained results, the use of the introduced model (CEEMD-DL(LSTM)) has increased the efficiency and accuracy of bitcoin return forecasting. Accordingly, the use of this model in this field is suggested.   Manuscript profile

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146 - Nutritional Value and Acceptability of some Selected Forages in the Derived Savanna Zone of Nigeria as Ruminant Feed
Oluwatosin Omotoso Opeyemi Olatunji Olawale Obameso Ayodele Odufoye Adebowale Fajemisin Adebayo Alokan

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147 - Impact of Deferment on Grassland Condition and Diet Quality of Cattle under a Short-Duration Grazing System
Raul Tacuna Enrique Flores Roberto Distel

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148 - The Effect of Financial Reporting Quality on Relationship between Short-term institutional Shareholders and Business Strategies
HamidReza Mehravar Negar khosravipour zahra Lashgari

Institutional investors have a sufficient incentive to encourage managers to improve the quality of financial reporting and disclosure and to monitor manager's behavior. The purpose of this study is to investigate the quality of financial reporting, investment horizon a More

Institutional investors have a sufficient incentive to encourage managers to improve the quality of financial reporting and disclosure and to monitor manager's behavior. The purpose of this study is to investigate the quality of financial reporting, investment horizon and trading strategy of institutional investors of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. This research has been conducted in 135 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange that have been selected based on the systematic elimination method. Also, this research has been done based on the information contained in the financial reports of companies in the period of 2009 to 2018. The method used is regression based on panel data. The results of the study regression model showed that the quality of financial reporting has a significant and positive effect on the relationship between short-term institutional investors and trading strategy but short-term institutional shareholders are temporary investors pay more attention to current earnings in determining stock prices than to encourage managers to improve the quality of financial reporting and disclosure. Manuscript profile

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149 - survey of Effective Determinants on Small and Medium Size Firms Capital Structure
Nezamodin Rahimian Farzin Rezaei Hossein masteri farahani

The main purpose of this article is empirical survey of co- determinants on small and medium size firm’s capital structure listed in Tehran stock exchange. The research period was during 1381-1387.samples, including 74 firms. Results of the hypothesis testing usin More

The main purpose of this article is empirical survey of co- determinants on small and medium size firm’s capital structure listed in Tehran stock exchange. The research period was during 1381-1387.samples, including 74 firms. Results of the hypothesis testing using multiple regressions (OLS) suggests that between two variables named long term interest bearing debt ratio and short-term debts ratio and firm characteristics named age, size, asset structure, profitability, growth and risk exist significantly positive relationship. Considering the firm size and separating firms with small and medium size large size, Results corroborate that firm characteristics age, size, asset structure, profitability, growth and risk have an impact on long term interest bearing debt ratio and short-term debts ratio. This influence is different in small and medium size firms. Therefore size criterion is effective and its impact on firm characteristics in smaller firms is higher. Manuscript profile

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150 - Short Term Load Forecasting by Using ESN Neural Network Hamedan Province Case Study
Milad Sasani

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151 - Effect of Wind Turbine, Solar Cells and Storages in Short Term Operation of Coupled Electricity and Gas Infrastructures in Different Climates
Samaneh Pazouki Mahmoud-Reza Haghifam Javad Olamaei

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152 - The pervasive risk of the financial crisis in the Iranian banking system with the ARFIMA-FIGARCH-Delta CoVaR approach and the expected marginal Shortfall
leila barati mirfeiz falahshams farhad ghafari Alireza Heidarzadehhanzaee

Systemic risk refers to the risk of failure of the financial system or failure of the entire market. This risk can arise from instability or crisis in financial institutions and can be transmitted to the entire financial system as a result of transmission. The purpose o More

Systemic risk refers to the risk of failure of the financial system or failure of the entire market. This risk can arise from instability or crisis in financial institutions and can be transmitted to the entire financial system as a result of transmission. The purpose of this paper was to assess the pervasive risk of a financial crisis in the Iranian banking system. In this study, statistical information of banks during the years 1392-1397 has been used. In the first part, the comprehensive risk indicators of the financial crisis are calculated using the Delta CoVaR index, then the risk susceptibility is assessed using the ARFIMA-FIGARCH method. In the first step, the unit root test indicates the existence of a deficit root in the bank stock price index. Comprehensive risk indicators are then calculated and systemic risk transmission modeling is discussed. The results of the model indicated that the systemic risk situation in the country's banking system was abnormal, which was due to the leverage situation of the country's banks. Using the results of this study, it can also be stated that different financial sectors are required to consider sufficient capital for systemic Manuscript profile

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153 - The Assessment of the optimal Deep Learning Algorithm on Stock Price Prediction (Long Short-Term Memory Approach)
Amir Sharif far Maryam Khalili Araghi Iman Raeesi Vanani Mirfeiz Fallah

Forecasting stock prices plays an important role in setting a trading strategy or determining the appropriate timing for buying or selling a stock. Deep Learning (DL) is a type of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) that consists of multiple processing layers and enables hi More

Forecasting stock prices plays an important role in setting a trading strategy or determining the appropriate timing for buying or selling a stock. Deep Learning (DL) is a type of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) that consists of multiple processing layers and enables high-level abstraction to model data. The key advantage of DL models is extracting the good features of input data automatically using a general-purpose learning procedure which is suitable for dynamic time series such as stock price.In this research the ability of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to predict the stock price is studied; moreover, the factors that have significant effects on the stock price is classified and legal and natural person trading is introduced as an important factor which has influence on the stock price. Price data, technical indexes and legal and natural person trading is used as an input data for running the model. The results obtained from LSTM with Dropout layer are better and more stable than simple form of LSTM and RNN models. Manuscript profile

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154 - Tail Risk Analysis Using realized measure and Dynamic Asymmetric Laplace Models in Tehran Stock Exchange
esmail mohammadi salari Mohammad Reza Rostami Reza Gholami Jamkarani Mojganm safa

AbstractThe main objective of this study is to estimate and evaluate the performance of the dynamic realized conditioned autoregressive value at risk model (Realized-ES-CAViaR-Add-RV-SAV) in forecasting tail risk measures (VaR and ES). In this regard, daily as well as i More

AbstractThe main objective of this study is to estimate and evaluate the performance of the dynamic realized conditioned autoregressive value at risk model (Realized-ES-CAViaR-Add-RV-SAV) in forecasting tail risk measures (VaR and ES). In this regard, daily as well as intraday (hourly) data of Tehran Stock Exchange Index in the period of 24/6/2014 – 2/2/2021are used. The results of the model are compared to the results of ES-CAViaR-SAV and ES-CAViaR-AS models to investigate the effect of incorporating the realized component to the model. Using backtesting tools such as Bin, POF, TUFF, CC, CCI, VRate tests, Lopez loss function (LL) (in VaR part) and McNeil and Frey test and ranking according to MCS method in The ES part, the efficiency of the models are examined. The results of this study indicate the efficiency of all three models in forecasting the tail risk measures. In addition, the results show that the use of realized criteria increases the tail risk forecasting efficiency. Manuscript profile

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155 - Predicting the daily index of the Tehran Stock Exchange using the selection of appropriate features for the Long Short-Term Memory neural network (LSTM)
Somayeh Mohebi Mohammad Esmaeil Fadaeinejad mohammad osoolian Mohammad reza Hamidizadeh

The stock market index is one of the effective features in investment because it can well reflect the health status and macro change trend of a country’s economic development. Various features affect the stock index. The various combinations of these features crea More

The stock market index is one of the effective features in investment because it can well reflect the health status and macro change trend of a country’s economic development. Various features affect the stock index. The various combinations of these features create a wide state space. Hence, it is impractical to provide a data set containing all these combinations to train the stock index prediction model. in this research, an attempt has been made, after collecting a significant number of effective features on the index, to provide a method for selecting appropriate features for the stock index prediction model with aim of increasing prediction accuracy. For this purpose, the mRMR algorithm is used as the basic algorithm. Also, to select the appropriate model, a number of the most applicable artificial intelligence models for predicting the stock index were compared and according to the results, the LSTM network was selected to predict the stock index. The results of this study show that using the LSTM network and the proposed method in selecting features, with 8 selected features, high accuracy can be achieved in the daily prediction of the Tehran Stock Exchange Index. So that MPE is calculated to be about 2.66, Manuscript profile

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156 - Deep learning for stock market forecasting using numerical and textual information (Long-Short Term Memory approach)
seyyedeh mozhgan beheshti masalegou Mohammad ali Afshar kazemi jalal Haghighat monfared Ali Rezaeian

Stock prices are influenced by many factors, making forecasting challenging. This prediction is often ineffective if it only considers numerical data or textual information. This research aims to provide a method of forecasting the future price of stocks based on the st More

Stock prices are influenced by many factors, making forecasting challenging. This prediction is often ineffective if it only considers numerical data or textual information. This research aims to provide a method of forecasting the future price of stocks based on the structure of a deep neural network using price data, a set of technical indicators, and news headlines as input to the model. For this purpose, Dow Jones stock data and Reddit channel news data have been used. Technical features are extracted from the stock data, and the news data are converted into a feature vector by the Bag of Words method and fed into the Long-Short term memory network for prediction. Accuracy is used as a performance evaluation measure and experiments on two data sets. The only numerical and only text has been used to evaluate the simultaneous use of two information sources. Also, three networks, SVM, MLP, and RNN, have been used to evaluate the model. The results show that the LSTM model achieved the highest prediction accuracy of 69.19% using news and financial data. News data is 65.62% accurate, and numerical data is 51.89%. Also, the LSTM model performs better than SVM, MLP, and RNN neural networks. Manuscript profile

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157 - Presenting a market direction prediction model for gold coin trades in Iran’s Commodity Exchange market using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) algorithm
Soheil Zoghi Reza Raei Saeed Falahpor

In recent years, deep learning neural networks have been recognized as powerful tools for solving complex problems. Deep learning is a subfield of artificial intelligence in which complex problems with numerous parameters and inputs are modeled based on a set of algorit More

In recent years, deep learning neural networks have been recognized as powerful tools for solving complex problems. Deep learning is a subfield of artificial intelligence in which complex problems with numerous parameters and inputs are modeled based on a set of algorithms. In this research, a new framework of deep learning is presented. Using wavelet transform, stacked auto-encoders, and the Long Short-Term Memory or LSTM, we predict the market direction in the future contracts of gold coins of Iran's Commodity Exchange market. The input data is first denoised using the wavelet transformer in the proposed method. Then, using the stacked auto-encoder, the indicators influencing the market direction are identified. Ultimately, these indicators are given as input to the LSTM architecture to predict the market direction. Proposing several new technical indicators to increase the accuracy of the proposed model, adjusting the parameters of the utilized algorithms, including LSTM, for this problem, and suggesting a trading strategy to achieve appropriate profitability are among the contributions of the present study. Investigations reveal that the proposed method outperforms other approaches and achieves higher accuracy and efficiency. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

158 - VaR modeling and back testing of short and long positions according to in Sample and out of Sample: application of family models Fractionally Integrated GARCH
Mansour Kashi S. Hassan Hosseyni A. Sadat niyazkhani S. Amin Abdollahi

In this study, In addition to calculate the short and long trading positions, we examined In Sample and Out of Sample VaR to assess the quality forecast model is considered. To estimate VaR Result, family models Fractionally Integrated GARCH (long term memory) shows tha More

In this study, In addition to calculate the short and long trading positions, we examined In Sample and Out of Sample VaR to assess the quality forecast model is considered. To estimate VaR Result, family models Fractionally Integrated GARCH (long term memory) shows that the model HYGARCH (1, d, 1) with the distribution skewed Student-t similar to the result for FIGARCH (1, d, 1) with skewed Student-t distribution for fat-tail phenomenon exhibits. A comparison of the two models with different distribution model HYGARCH (1, d, 1) with skewed Student-t distribution based on AIC criteria and maximum log-likelihood model was superior. failure rates,  , and duration-based tests where were prepared for back testing in Sample VaR, Indicates that the VaR model of the student-t HYGARCH (1, d, 1) acceptable performance than other distributed models HYGARCH (1, d, 1) and the FIGARCH (1, d, 1) will be . So to estimate Out of Sample VaR by student-t HYGARCH (1, d, 1) has been paid. Like the analysis of the in sample VaR, Out of Sample VaR was compared with the observed output and results were evaluated by and DQ tests. Ultimately resulting VaR-based loss function at all levels quintile (either long or short term trading positions) shows that the model that has the characteristics of long memory in the conditional variance, minimum losses and better performance in assessment Forecast offers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

159 - Estimation and Comparison of Short-Term Interest Rate Equilibrium Models Using Islamic Treasury Bills
moslem peymany zohreh hooshangi

In the following paper, short-term interest rate is modeled using some of the most prevalent single factor equilibrium models in Iran. In this research, model’s performance is compared to each other using some indicators relating to model fitness, interest volatil More

In the following paper, short-term interest rate is modeled using some of the most prevalent single factor equilibrium models in Iran. In this research, model’s performance is compared to each other using some indicators relating to model fitness, interest volatility and interest level changes. For this purpose, Islamic treasury bill yield data were obtained from the period 1394 to 1395 and the models were estimated using generalized method of moments. The findings of this research illustrate that Brennan-Schwartz and CKLS models perform better in interest rate fitness compared to other restricted models. Also, Brennan-Schwartz model show more predictive power than other models. In addition, short-term interest rate of Islamic Treasury Bill exhibit some mean reverting feature and the level of long term mean is estimated as well. Although all the models perform poorly in interest rate volatility fitness, there are some evidences showing that it is sensitive to the level of interest rate. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

160 - Portfolio Optimization Using the Whale Algorithm with Expected Shortfall as the Measure of Risk
saeed fallahpour sepehr asefi sima fallahtafti MohammadReza Bagherikazemabad

Portfolio Selection is  one of the most  important decisions that institutional investors have to face. Markowitz was the first to introduce risk into the portfolio selection decision by introducing the Mean-Variance Model. This created one of the most importa More

Portfolio Selection is  one of the most  important decisions that institutional investors have to face. Markowitz was the first to introduce risk into the portfolio selection decision by introducing the Mean-Variance Model. This created one of the most important fields in finance, that is Portfolio Optimization and finding the efficient frontier. In the next researches, adding real world constraints to the model broadened this field. With increasing the number of assets or the constraints, Portfolio Optimization becomes an NP-hard problem which is impossible to solve with derivative-based methods, therefore, numerical and metaheuristic methods should be used for solving it. The aim of this research is optimizing portfolio using Whale optimization  algorithm.  This  metaheuristic  algorithm is  inspired  by the behavior of Whales and was introduced in 2016. This research implements the algorithm in the top 50 index in Tehran Stock Exchange and tries to find the efficient portfolio in this index. We also compare the performance of this method to two other metaheuristic algorithms and explain the advantages of the proposed method in portfolio optimization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

161 - Statistical ranking of different VaR and ES models by using Model Confidence Set approach for the banking industry: With an emphasis on Conditional Extreme Value Theory
Alireza Saranj marziyeh nourahmadi

In this paper, we deal with the ranking of different VaR and ES approaches using daily banking industry index data over the period 2008 to 2016, with an emphasis on Conditional Extreme Value approach. In the first stage, we use Bernoulli coverage and independence of vio More

In this paper, we deal with the ranking of different VaR and ES approaches using daily banking industry index data over the period 2008 to 2016, with an emphasis on Conditional Extreme Value approach. In the first stage, we use Bernoulli coverage and independence of violation tests for VaR models and McNeil & Frey’s backtest for ES models to examine the validity of these models. In the second stage, we import the loss functions of the valid models remained from the first stage into the MCS function and rank statistically them. The loss function used for VaR models is Dowd loss function and the one used for ES models is Olsen loss function. The results show that the in both VaR and ES models, the conditional EV with normal standardized residuals, the conditional EV with student's t standardized residuals and GARCH with student's t residuals models are respectively ranked first to third. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

162 - The relationship between horizon of institutional investors and Information Content of unexpected dividends
Mahdi Moradi elham parandeh zakiyeh marandi

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the horizon of institutional investors and information content of unexpected dividend earnings. This study is a descriptive-correlational study. In order to achieve the research goal, 86 companies were More

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the horizon of institutional investors and information content of unexpected dividend earnings. This study is a descriptive-correlational study. In order to achieve the research goal, 86 companies were selected from among listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange between 2011 and 2015. The present study includes three hypotheses that examine the relationship between the horizon of institutional investors in general and the perspective of long-term and short-term of institutional shareholders with unexpected dividend.To analyze the hypothesis using panel data regression analysis through software Spss20 and Eviews7. The findings showed that the horizon of institutional investors in general and the perspective of long-term and short-term of institutional shareholders have a Reverse  and significantly relationship on unexpected dividends as a measure of unexpected earnings information content. Therefore, improving horizon of institutional investors reduces the difference between profit and dividend forecast becomes true. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

163 - VAR and ES calculation based on the Extreme Value Theory (block maxima and GPD): Evidence from Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE)
Mansour Kashi S. Hassan Hoseini mohammad Mousa Ghaliliou saeed Golkarian Arani

   Current study, has explores the VAR and ES in the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) by using the Extreme Value Theory (block maxima and GPD). Earlier estimates of the preliminary findings of the analysis that uses statistics, Empirical Distribution Function, Mean More

   Current study, has explores the VAR and ES in the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) by using the Extreme Value Theory (block maxima and GPD). Earlier estimates of the preliminary findings of the analysis that uses statistics, Empirical Distribution Function, Mean Excess Function and QQ plot, Pareto and heavy-tailed behavior were found data. To estimate the optimal threshold value, we have Mean Excess Function and hill plot applied. To estimate the optimal threshold value, Mean Excess Function and Hill plot use the statistics mentioned for the positive and negative returns, the threshold value for GPD models are about ./75  And ./60  have provided. Comparing the estimated residual value model classic extreme (monthly, quarterly, six month and one year) and the GPD, concluded the optimal performance GPD calculated on the value of extreme block which is highly sensitive to the choice of the period. Finally, to estimate VAR and ES, we GPD model demonstrated that a better performance was applied. The results showed that VAR and ES should not be the dominant financial risk management. In other words, dependence on individual risk scale for ignoring the problem will create portfolio risk information. So to contain the missing information by VAR and ES, it is essential that the various aspects of the distribution of losses / profits look like heavy-tailed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

164 - Purchasing Inventory Models for Deteriorating Items with Linear Demand and Shortages - in Third Order Equation
Sivashankari C.K.

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Open Access Article

165 - PRODUCTION INVENTORY MODEL FOR DETERIORATING ITEMS WITH SHORTAGES AND SALVAGE VALUE UNDER REVERSE LOGISTICS
V. Kumar Mishra

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Open Access Article

166 - Effect of direct seeding and transplanting methods on yield and yield components of different onion cultivars in short-day condition
H. Kh M. Kh A. ابوطالبی

In order to evaluate the effect of direct seeding and transplanting methods on yield and yield components of seven onion cultivars, an experiment was conducted as factorial arrangement in randomized complete block design with four replications in Agricultural Research S More

In order to evaluate the effect of direct seeding and transplanting methods on yield and yield components of seven onion cultivars, an experiment was conducted as factorial arrangement in randomized complete block design with four replications in Agricultural Research Station of Minab at 2011. The factors were consisted of culture methods (direct seeding and transplanting) and onion cultivars (602, 611, Mars, Mega, Primavera, Stratus and early White). Sowing in nursery was done in the middle of September and transplants were transferred to main field in the middle of November. Direct seeding was done at October, 22. In the direct seeding method, the transplants were thinned 50 days after sowing and plants distances were regulated 10 cm. Results showed that bolting percent, plant height and bulb shape index in the transplanting method were more than direct seeding method. Regarding, days to bulbing and harvest, transplanting onions were earlier ripening than direct seeding onions. Bulb yield in transplanting method was more than direct seeding method in all cultivars but this difference only was significant in 602, Mega and Stratus cultivars. The 611 and Primavera cultivars were earlier ripening than other cultivars. The lowest bulb yield was recorded in the 611 and Mars cultivars and there was no significant difference between other cultivars. Generally, in the condition of this experiment, transplanting method led to increasing of yield and early ripening of onion. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

167 - Effect of different irrigation levels on some quantitative and qualitative traits of maize and soybean in intercropping
Y. Ghazi-khanlou Sani Kh. Jamshidi M.R. Azimi Moghadam

In order to evaluation of yield and yield components of corn and soybean intercropping under different irrigation condition, a field experiment was conducted in research field of University of Zanjan as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three rep More

In order to evaluation of yield and yield components of corn and soybean intercropping under different irrigation condition, a field experiment was conducted in research field of University of Zanjan as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The levels of irrigation containing 7days, as control, 9 days and 11 days were the main factors and pattern cropping as sub factors included sole cropping of corn, sole cropping of soybean, additive intercropping and replacement intercropping. The results showed that the highest yield obtained in control and 9 days irrigation regimens. There were not any significant differences in yield components between the control and 9 days irrigation regimen. The highest grain yield was obtained from the additive intercropping pattern. Irrigation levels had no effect on yield of soybean, and the highest yield was obtained in sole cropping of soybean, but, it did not show significant difference with intercropping. The interaction between irrigation and cropping pattern was not significant in any of the parameters in soybean and corn. In general, intercropping had significant advantages compared to monoculture. Nine days irrigation regimen was the best irrigation method for  grain yield in intercropping system. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

168 - Providing Logistic Model for Decision-Making in Times of Crisis
Amirhossein Abdolalipour

The aim of this research is to find an optimum way for the movement of manpower and military equipment in times of crisis by spending the possible least time. To this end, beginning with a review of existing studies in the field of moving troops which were effective fac More

The aim of this research is to find an optimum way for the movement of manpower and military equipment in times of crisis by spending the possible least time. To this end, beginning with a review of existing studies in the field of moving troops which were effective factors in the modeling were extracted. Prioritization and selection of units deployable to crisis point, with the design of a fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making models is done according to metrics such as customer orientation, fast response, records of performance, flexibility, and distance technology to improve the ranking and fuzzy weights of the units. Considering opinions of military experts, to determine the nearest route ground transport logistics in military operations using geographic information system was implemented. By designing a linear allocation programming model, every unit of available transport facilities allocated in such a way that opportunity - cost become minimal. Finally, network of deployment projects and people and equipment unit or units selected by the related time of transportation facilities allocated was designed that enables the total deployable forces and equipment of the unit or units and calculation of the critical path of the project identifyable, control and management. The results showed that for selected units to move and logistics units to the hypothetical assumption of the origin of the crisis, regarding to taking time out of vehicle trips on the shortest route and times, 60 hours will take from the moment of notification of the order for handling and logistics of the entire selected units.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

169 - Short-term Effect of Aerobic Exercise, High-fat Diet and Curcumin Extract on Interleukin-six Gene Expression in Muscle Tissue of Rats
Sara Aghayan Tahereh Bagherpour Nematollah Nemati

10.22034/jchr.2021.1931092.1319

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170 - Dynamic multi-scale expected shortfall in Tehran Stock Exchange: a spectral decomposition of tail risk across time horizons
Seyed Ali Mousavi Sarhadi Hosein Izadi Mojgan Safa Mohammadreza Pourfakharan

10.30495/afi.2023.1967573.1154

Purpose: The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the tail risk in the Tehran Stock Exchange using dynamic methods and time series spectral analysis in the form of the dynamic multi-scale Expected Shortfall (DMS-ES).Methodology: In this study, the daily d More

Purpose: The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the tail risk in the Tehran Stock Exchange using dynamic methods and time series spectral analysis in the form of the dynamic multi-scale Expected Shortfall (DMS-ES).Methodology: In this study, the daily data of Tehran Stock Exchange total index in the period 2011/03/26 - 2022/03/19 were used then extracting the short-term, medium-term and long-term information components of the index return time series, four predictive models of expected fallout (ES) were estimated using Taylor (2017) approach at different time horizons.Findings: The results of estimating the models and back tests show that the expected shortfall (ES) is short-term in nature and the dynamic model using short-term components in the one-day time horizon has the highest efficiency among the introduced models. In addition, the results of comparing the models based on the average loss test show that the use of spectral analysis components increases the efficiency of dynamic predictions of the expected shortfall (ES) at different time horizons.Originality / Value: Finally, according to the results of this study, it is suggested to use dynamic models and signal decomposition analysis algorithms to increase the efficiency of risk criteria predictions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

171 - The Improver Effect of Noscapine in Comparison with Clonazepam on Short-Term Memory in Rat
بیژن Shams

Noscapine is one of the opioid alkaloids used as an appropriate cough and reduces the effects of bronchial asthma patients. It has similar effects on benzodiazepines and associated with anxiety and excessive appetite in animal tests. The effect of benzodiazepines is kno More

Noscapine is one of the opioid alkaloids used as an appropriate cough and reduces the effects of bronchial asthma patients. It has similar effects on benzodiazepines and associated with anxiety and excessive appetite in animal tests. The effect of benzodiazepines is known to reduce memory and cause forgetfulness, especially before the learning phase. Morris water maze is an extensively used as an animal model for studying memory usage. We aimed to evaluate the effect of noscapine on short-term memory in male Wistar rats practiced at the 6th and 7th-day courses in the Morris water maze.The time elapsed and the distance traveled to find the hidden platform was considered as a measure of memory sensitivity. Noscapine (0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg) improves short-term memoryand clonazepam (2 mg/kg) antagonized this effect. Noscapine may facilitate short-term memory. Part of this work can be done by modifying benzodiazepine receptors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

172 - Surgical correction of short ulnar syndrome with partial ulnar diaphyseal ostectomy in a dog
H.R Fattahian روزبه Moridpour حمید Mohidin A.R Hoseinzadeh

  A seven months male mixed Tibetan Spaniel(5.5kg body weight) has been referred to small animal clinic with fore limb lameness.history taking showed that dog did not undergo with any trauma and also did not suffer from any systemic disease.Carniocudal and lateral More

  A seven months male mixed Tibetan Spaniel(5.5kg body weight) has been referred to small animal clinic with fore limb lameness.history taking showed that dog did not undergo with any trauma and also did not suffer from any systemic disease.Carniocudal and lateral-medial radiographs were shown bowing of the radius bone cause by permature closure of distal ulnar growth plate.then surgical treatment of partial ulnar diaphyseal ostectomy was performed.postoperative care was antibiotic administration and limb was supported by light splint.this case study showed that local disturbances in bone growth form an important group of orthopaedic problems that occur in young animals.therefore surgeons take the antebrachium deformities into consideration with accurate diagnostic imaging and apply for corrective surgeries.      Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

173 - Effect of Maximum and Minimum Dose of Atropine on Fractional Shortening Parameter of Rabbit Echocardiography
محمد Nasrollahzade Masouleh O. R. Samiee Amlashi مسعود Selk Ghaffari M.R. Paryani

There is no data on the effect of maximum and minimum premedication dose of atropine on work performance of heart and amount of Fractional Shortening (FS) in rabbit echocardiography, so this study was designed for evaluation of probability of the above effect. 24 Whi More

There is no data on the effect of maximum and minimum premedication dose of atropine on work performance of heart and amount of Fractional Shortening (FS) in rabbit echocardiography, so this study was designed for evaluation of probability of the above effect. 24 White New Zealand rabbits, clinically healthy with no consideration in sex and age, weighting 1.5±0.3 kg in four groups consisting six animals for access to the purpose of study were evaluated. Injection of atropine with maximum and minimum dosage for frst and second groups and injection of distilled water for third and fourth groups were observed. Calculations of FS for left ventricles in statutory times were done by echocardiography with no knowledge about injection solution. Determinations for Mean, Standard Deviation, Minimum and Maximum amount for FS were 37.29, 3.355, 30 and 43 respectively. Determinations for Mean and Standard Deviation for FS in group one, before injection and in minutes 2, 5, 15 and 30 after injection were 36.33±3.011, 35.33±2.944, 36.17±4.119, 36.83±3.251 and 37.00±2.449 respectively. Determinations for Mean and Standard Deviation for FS in group two, before injection and in minutes 2, 5, 15 and 30 after injection were 39.17±2.994, 39.00±3.347, 36.50±3.017, 35.50±6.025 and 36.83±5.811 respectively. Determinations for Mean and Standard Deviation for FS in group three, before injection and in minutes 2, 5, 15 and 30 after injection were 36.17±2.483, 33.83±3.061, 34.33±2.805, 35.00±2.828 and 33.67±4.885 respectively. Determinations for Mean and Standard Deviation for FS in group four, before injection and in minutes 2, 5, 15 and 30 after injection were 37.50±4.550, 34.17±4.622, 37.17±3.125, 36.50±1.225 and 37.50±2.811 respectively. As a conclusion, Stability of heart performance was observed after using maximum dose of atropine. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

174 - Field study of monochromatic light effect on Bursal Body Weight ratio and spleen weight
S.M. Pahlavani A. Sadrzadeh S. Mohamadi

Lighting is a critical parameter in poultry breeding controlling many behavioral and physiological functions effectively. Measuring bursa of fabricius as the most important lymph node of the birds and setting the ratio of the bursa weight to the total body weight are al More

Lighting is a critical parameter in poultry breeding controlling many behavioral and physiological functions effectively. Measuring bursa of fabricius as the most important lymph node of the birds and setting the ratio of the bursa weight to the total body weight are also important parameters to assess the health and functionality of the immune system. To do so, 34700 day-old chicks were selected from a 26-week Ross 308 breeder farm randomly. The chicks were free from congenital mycoplasma and salmonella infections. They were divided into three groups according to the capacity of the poultry house randomly. The only difference among the groups was the lighting wavelengths. On days 1, 24 and 46; 10 chicks were weighed in gram and euthanized each time; following the bursa of fabricius and spleen was weighed separately in 0.001 g to make the ratio of it with the total body weight. In case of measuring the spleen, there was no significant difference between the green and yellow lights in day 24 but both were less than the blue one while in day 46, there were no significant differences (P>0/05) among the groups. In day 24, the weight of bursa of fabricius was not significantly different between the yellow and green lights but both were more than the blue light; also, it was true for the ratio of bursa of fabricius weight to the total body weight. In day 46, the analyses indicated that there were no significant differences (p>0.05) in the ratio among the groups but the total body weight of the chicks breeding in blue light was a little more than the green one. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

175 - Effects of Explicit Vocabulary Instruction on Improving L2 Learners' Writing Skill and Their Short and Long-term Retention
Nahid Kazemi Kheirabadi

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of explicit instruction aimed at improving vocabulary on the writing proficiency and long-term retention of new vocabulary among second language (L2) learners. The achievement was accomplished through the ad More

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of explicit instruction aimed at improving vocabulary on the writing proficiency and long-term retention of new vocabulary among second language (L2) learners. The achievement was accomplished through the administration of a fill-in-the-blank assessment, which included 30 individual words and 6 lexical phrases, to a group of 30 EFL students at an upper-intermediate level. Subsequently, these students engaged in a reading exercise centered around the topic of 'Bull Fighting' and subsequently crafted a paper titled 'A Cruel Sport'. The results demonstrated a notable enhancement in the quantity of terms actively utilized in their writing following the focused vocabulary teaching. The statistical analysis revealed that the participants were capable of retaining the newly-acquired language even after a considerable amount of time had elapsed since the lesson. This study presents comprehensive information on these findings and provides suggestions for L2 teachers, asserting that although comprehending a word does not inherently result in its active utilization, learners possess the capacity to enhance their active vocabulary and accurately employ recently acquired words. Explicit training in vocabulary is advantageous for converting recognition vocabulary into productive language during immediate writing tasks and enhancing retention. Nevertheless, consistent and regular practice in utilizing recently learned vocabulary is necessary for it to become effective in long-term written expression. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

176 - Quality and pathology of youth (12-17 years old) Leisurs in Lorestan province
Hossin Mehrdad

Abstract The current stdy deal with the quality and pathology of leisures of youths between 12 to 17 years old of Lorestan province. In so doing 620 youths (Who determined by using of Takman table, among with 360000 statistical  population) and 150 youths problem More

Abstract The current stdy deal with the quality and pathology of leisures of youths between 12 to 17 years old of Lorestan province. In so doing 620 youths (Who determined by using of Takman table, among with 360000 statistical  population) and 150 youths problem experts (as whole) were selected by cluster sampling method and were given questionnaires. The result of study showed that: First, youths pass their leisures in cultural, recreation, free study, religious, skilled, desireable and undesieable roving, and sport activaties, second the major pathology of leisures are organizational-structural, cultural, insufficient public participating, economic position, weakness in giving information and shortage of motivation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

177 - Featuring the APA 2013 Characteristics Short Personality Log Profile Features
بهناز عبایی نسرین باقری مهرداد ثابت

 Featuring the APA 2013 Characteristics Short Personality Log Profile Features

 Featuring the APA 2013 Characteristics Short Personality Log Profile Features Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

178 - Raciting Shahnameh, in Passing from myth to tale for children
Roghieh Sheibanifar

This research deals with the investigation of how Shahnameh is used for today’s children based on the theory of “Shahnameh moving from myth to tale”. The essence of Shahnameh containing a period of Iran’s mythological history, is based upon the P More

This research deals with the investigation of how Shahnameh is used for today’s children based on the theory of “Shahnameh moving from myth to tale”. The essence of Shahnameh containing a period of Iran’s mythological history, is based upon the Persian myths which with passage of time have turned into allegories in Shahnameh and have left their positive and negative characteristics in the mysteries, secrets, symbols and messages of the stories some of which do not correspond with the children’ world. Therefore, for familiarizing children with the stories of Shahnameh it seems appropriate to put aside the negative characteristics of myths as far as child’s culture is concerned and concentrate on the positive aspects and in this way sections of the story in a format of a short story can artistically and literarily be presented to them in a simple language. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

179 - Moulana and Minimalism (Study of Minimalistic stories in Divan Shams)
Ramin Sadeghi Nejad

Regarding literary theory and criticism, it is customary to believe that one can only apply them to contemporary texts.  However criticism is a scientific tool and every text, whether classic or contemporary, from the modern perspective is prone to criticism and ex More

Regarding literary theory and criticism, it is customary to believe that one can only apply them to contemporary texts.  However criticism is a scientific tool and every text, whether classic or contemporary, from the modern perspective is prone to criticism and examination.  One of the literary genres which has undergone significant changes over the recent years is the short story and a new  offshoot of storytelling  which becomes shorter and more concise each day is termed minimalism and as  the name suggests in Farsi it is named and .  They both share common characteristics.  In rich classic Persian literature whether in prose or poetry, there are numerous anecdotes and stories which in many respects fall into the category of minimalistic stories.  The present article is an attempt to present and examine examples of such stories fromMoulana’s Divan Kabir. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

180 - Evaluation of factor structure, validity and reliability of the Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 (YAM-5)
ali pirzad ghasem ahi

There have been major changes in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) compared to previous versions. This study was aimed to examine the factor structure, validity and reliability of the Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 ( More

There have been major changes in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) compared to previous versions. This study was aimed to examine the factor structure, validity and reliability of the Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 (YAM-5). In this descriptive study with factor analysis approach, 300 students aged 12 to 18 years old in Birjand were selected by cluster sampling method and were evaluated by using Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders- short form (SCARED-71). The results of the study showed that the internal validity of the part I I and part II of the Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 (YAM-5) were in range of 0.71 to 0.90 and 0.65 to 0.91, respectively. The criterion validity of the scale by using Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders- short form (SCARED-71) showed that there is a significant positive correlation between the YAM-5 and components of SCARED-71, in a range of 0.12 to 0.74. Validity in the internal consistency showed that the correlation between each of the five components together that set in a range of 0.38 to 0.56 were lower than correlation between each of the five components and total score that set in a range of 0.69 to 0.83. According to the results of this study, the importance of measuring anxiety disorders in children and adolescents, the lack of suitable standardized tools in our country, and the validity and reliability of the Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 (YAM-5), it is recommended to professionals and researchers to use this tool Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

181 - Effectiveness of Short-term Play Therapy in Reducing Emotional, Behavioral and Social Symptoms on Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Marzie Hashemi shkoh Alsadat Bani Jamali Zohreh Khosravi

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is one of the most common problems in children and adolescents. The behavior of these children is complex and controversial. This disorder can ruin person's life. The social costs of this disorder are also very high. Therefore, t More

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is one of the most common problems in children and adolescents. The behavior of these children is complex and controversial. This disorder can ruin person's life. The social costs of this disorder are also very high. Therefore, timely action is necessary for the behavior of these patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term play therapy on reducing emotional, behavioral and social symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. For this purpose, in a single-subject study using a single-line method, six children aged 7 to 10 years who had symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder were selected by convenience sampling method. Short-term play therapy was performed for 10 sessions with participants. Subjects were examined for behavioral problems in the intervention process and follow-up stage. Data were analyzed by within- condition and between-condition. The results showed that short-term play therapy is effective in reducing emotional, behavioral and social symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Therefore, short-term play therapy can be used as an appropriate intervention to reduce emotional, behavioral, and social symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Manuscript profile

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182 - Effectiveness of Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy in Decreasing the symptoms of depression and Increasing Emotional Disclosure in Patients Suffering from Depression
Mehdi Khoryaniyan Leila Heidari nasab Zahra Tayebi Hamid reza Aghamohammadiyan shear baf

Various approaches have been put forward for the treatment and decrease of depression symptoms, one of which is intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP). Therefore, the research purpose is to assess the effectiveness of short-term dynamic psychotherapy in decr More

Various approaches have been put forward for the treatment and decrease of depression symptoms, one of which is intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP). Therefore, the research purpose is to assess the effectiveness of short-term dynamic psychotherapy in decreasing the symptoms of depression and emotional disclosure in patients suffering from depression. The research employed a semi-experimental method with pre-test-post-test-control group design. The sample comprised 16 individuals diagnosed with depression who were selected using voluntary sampling and were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. Prior to the intervention, the subjects were tested in terms of depression and emotional disclosure. The experimental group received 20 sessions of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy, whereas, the control group received no intervention. ANCOVA analysis indicated that intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy has significantly decreased the symptoms of depression and increased the emotional disclosure. Overall, it can be concluded that short-term dynamic psychotherapy can elevate the lowered mood (decrease of depression symptoms) and increase the emotional disclosure. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

183 - The effectiveness of short-term and intensive psychodynamic therapy on the difficulty in regulating emotions and attachment styles in psychosomatic patients
Erfan Abdollahi Chirani Farnaz Klidari Seyyed Masoomeh Moosavi Ghazal Kian Fard Fatemeh Emami

Abstract Introduction: Psychosomatic diseases are physical diseases that psychological factors are effective in starting or aggravating them, and intensive and short-term dynamic treatment can play an effective role in improving psychological symptoms; Therefore, the p More

Abstract Introduction: Psychosomatic diseases are physical diseases that psychological factors are effective in starting or aggravating them, and intensive and short-term dynamic treatment can play an effective role in improving psychological symptoms; Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of intensive and short-term dynamic therapy on the difficulty in regulating emotions and attachment styles in psycho-physical patients. Materials and methods: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and follow-up with a control group. The research population was all psychosomatic patients referred to psychosomatic clinics in Tehran in 1402. Among them, 30 people were selected by available sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 people). The experimental group received dynamic therapy 15 sessions of 90 minutes, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Two groups with difficulty in emotion regulation and attachment styles were evaluated in three stages. Two-way analysis of variance with repeated measurements was used to analyze the data. Findings: The average scores of difficulty in emotion regulation and attachment styles before the intervention were 72.25, 58.36, 24.08 in the treatment group and 72.12, 59.16, 23.52 in the control group respectively. (p<0.05), but after the intervention, the average scores of attachment styles in the treatment group increased significantly compared to the control group and showed a decrease in difficulty in emotion regulation (p<0.01). Conclusion: The results of the study indicated the effect of intensive and short-term dynamic therapy intervention on the improvement of psychological symptoms in the experimental group. With caution, it is recommended to use this intervention as a complementary treatment in psycho-physical patients. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

184 - Seismic Optimization of Steel Moment Resisting Frame Using Uniform Deformation Algorithm
Amir hassan Alizadeh Mehdi Rahimi Asl

The overall aim of conducting this research is to optimize the medium steel bending frame in the level of life safety risk according to FEMA 350. For this purpose, two 3- and 5- story steel structures have been considered. These structures were designed according to AIS More

The overall aim of conducting this research is to optimize the medium steel bending frame in the level of life safety risk according to FEMA 350. For this purpose, two 3- and 5- story steel structures have been considered. These structures were designed according to AISC regulations and then subjected to seismic optimization using uniform deformation algorithm. The method of uniform deformations, which is one of the fast methods in optimization based on performance criteria, has been used for optimization so that the dispersion of plastic rotations created in the structural components reaches the lowest value and convinces the permissible plastic rotations at the level of life safety risk based on FEMA regulations. Opensees open-source software based on nonlinear time history method was used for modeling. The aim of optimization is to achieve appropriate performance at the risk level and performance level simultaneously. Also, the improved structure has been subjected to earthquake records with different intensities and its performance has been examined. The results indicate that in the process of using this algorithm, convergence is well-established and the use of the objective function of plastic rotations is considered one of the most suitable methods in the optimization of steel structures. Changes in the distribution of materials from structural components have been made mainly from the upper stories towards the lower stories and from the side members to the inner members of the frame. Also, the optimization in the level of life safety performance reduces the weight of both structures and leads to a reduction in their weight between 9 and 20 percent. Manuscript profile

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