Phenolic

Open Access Article

1 - Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activities of Roasted and Unroasted Coffee Extracts
Sahar Khorsand Manesh Mehrada Ghavami Behzad Bazyar

Introduction: Oxidation is one of the most important spoiling reaction in the oils and fats and might be delayed by the use of antioxidants to some extent. Coffee contains some effective phenolic antioxidants such as chlorogenic acids, caffeic acids ester and quinnic ac More

Introduction: Oxidation is one of the most important spoiling reaction in the oils and fats and might be delayed by the use of antioxidants to some extent. Coffee contains some effective phenolic antioxidants such as chlorogenic acids, caffeic acids ester and quinnic acids. The object of this research is to study the antioxidant activities of coffee extracts. Materials and Methods: In this research work coffee extracts were obtained by hexane and isopropanol after three hours of extraction period. The extracts yields and total phenolic compounds were determined using Folin ciocalteu method. The hexanolic and isoporopanolic extracts of both roasted and unroasted coffee from two varieties of coffee (Arabica, Robusta) were added to tallow at different concentrations. Peroxide value at 100UC (oven) and Induction period measurements at 110UC (Rancimat) were used as means to examine and investigate the antioxidant activities of the above extracts. Results: The results indicated that coffee extracts inhibited antioxidant activities and were able to reduce the oxidation chain reaction. The highest yield of phenolic compounds, taking Gallic acid as the index was related to the extracts obtained by isopropanol and accounted for 2.17 mg/g of dry matter. This might be due to higher polarity of isopropanol as compared to hexane. Conclusion: Among the extracts isopropanolic extract of roasted Robusta with 15% concentration exhibited the best antioxidant activity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - The Effect of Ultrasound-Assisted Conditions on the Extraction of Phenolic Compounds and Flavonoids from Autumn Olive Fruits (Elaeagnus umbellate)
سعیده Khademi شاهین Mardani Nejad

Introduction:   Plants are rich source of phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids and tannins) that are natural antioxidants. The purpose of the present study was to use two   ultrasonic methods including probe and bath for the extraction of phenol More

Introduction:   Plants are rich source of phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids and tannins) that are natural antioxidants. The purpose of the present study was to use two   ultrasonic methods including probe and bath for the extraction of phenolic compounds and   flavonoids from autumn olive and   evaluate the ability of the extracts to scavenge DPPH free radical using three extraction solvents consisting of water, 80% methanol and 70% ethanol. Materials and Methods:   Water, 80% methanol and 70% ethanol were used as extracting solvents and the effect of different extraction periods (30, 60 and 90 min) for bath method and   5, 10 and 20 min for probe method were evaluated on the extraction of phenolic compounds.   Results:   The results showed that in the probe method of ultrasonic, the highest phenolic compounds (13.8 ± 0.05 milligrams gallic acid/ g dried sample) and DPPH radical scavenging   activity (98.94%) were obtained using70% ethanol as solvent within 20 minutes of extraction   period. In the ultra sound bath, the highest extraction rate of phenolic compounds (15.82 ±   0.057mg gallic acid equivalent/ g dry sample) and flavonoids (7.09 ± 0. 110 mg of quercetin   per gram of dry sample) were obtained by the application of 70% ethanol within 90 minutes.   Conclusion:   The results indicated that the probe and bath methods of ultrasound had different effects on extraction of bioactive compounds from autumn olive. In each extraction method,   the rate of extraction of phenolic compounds and flavonoids were solvent dependent and in all   the extraction method, 70% ethanol showed the best effect as extracting solvent   . Manuscript profile

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3 - Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of the Essential Oil of Satureja hortensis on the Stability of Colza and Anchovy Oil
B. Amini J. Keramat M. hojatolislami M. Jahadi K. Mohmodian

Introduction: The consumers demand foods with high nutritional value that are free from chemical preservatives.This has led to numerous efforts to find natural antioxidants from herbal resources. Savory essence is a colorless to pale yellow liquid that contains phenolic More

Introduction: The consumers demand foods with high nutritional value that are free from chemical preservatives.This has led to numerous efforts to find natural antioxidants from herbal resources. Savory essence is a colorless to pale yellow liquid that contains phenolic compounds such as carvacrol, P-cymen and thymol that exhibit anti-oxidative and antimicrobial activities. The aim of this study is to quantify the phenolic compounds present in the essential oil of Satureja hortensis as a source of natural antioxidant and to examine its stabilising effect on colza and anchovy oils. Materials and Methods: The aerial parts of plant was collected, dried and  the essential oils was extracted and analysed by GC/MS. Total content of phenolic compounds of  the essential oils was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method. The extracted essential oil was added to canola and anchovy oils at the concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% and the antioxidant activities were measured and compared to the control and sample containing BHA. Peroxide value and tiobarbitoric acid value and induction period measurements by Rancimate were used as means to evaluate the antioxidant activities. Results: Carvacrol, gamma-terpinene, alpha-terpinene and p-cymene were determined as the predominant compounds in the extracted essential oil. The total concentration of the phenolic compounds in the extracted oil was 0.739±0.27 mg/ml as Gallic Acid Equivalent .The added essential oil at the concentration of 0.3% exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in canola and anchovy oils. Conclusion: This study has indicated that the application of the natural essential oilsto suitable substances such as canola or anchovy oils in order to improve the stability of the oils and also to replace the synthetic antioxidants is desirable and preferred. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Some Rosaceae Plants as an Alternative to the Synthetic Antioxidants in Food Industry
فائزه Kamali A.R Sadeghi Mahonak زهرا Nasiri far

Introduction : The applications of natural antioxidants with medicinal values are growing in the preventive medicine and food industries. This study investigates the antioxidant ability of five species of Rosaceae family and compares the activities with the synthe More

Introduction : The applications of natural antioxidants with medicinal values are growing in the preventive medicine and food industries. This study investigates the antioxidant ability of five species of Rosaceae family and compares the activities with the synthetic antioxidants BHT, BHA as well as the natural ascorbic acid.   Materials and Methods : In this study, the phenolic content of the methanolic extract of the samples were isolated and the antioxidant activities of five species of Rosaceae were determined by using DPPH free radical and nitric oxide scavenging , and the results were compared to the synthetic antioxidant Results : The results showed that the content of studied plant samples ranged from 0.51±0.41 – 35.53±0.89 mgGAEg -1. Concentraition of extract for scavening 50 percent of free radicals and nitric oxide radicals varied from 77.42 ± 0.91 to 1484.2 ± 96.44 and 233.24±3.39- 1572.46±203.76 Ug/ml. The highest phenolic amount was related to the Rosa damascena Mill leaf and next grade Cydonia oblonga Mill leaf. Extract of damask Rose, Quince leaves, damask Rose petals, Quine fruit and seed and Almond seed had high antioxidant activity and no significant difference was observed between them and the synthetic antioxidants (BHT, BHA and Vit C). Conclusion : The results of this study clearly suggested that there is a significant relationship between the antioxidant activity and the phenolic concentration and the extracts of damask Rose, Quince leaves, damask Rose petals, Quince fruit and seed and almond seed might be employed as appropriate alternatives to the synthetic antioxidants. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The Effect of Ultrasonic Pretreatment on Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Compounds of White and Brown Rice Extracted from Lenjan Sorkhe Cultivar
K. Pourmohammadi E. Abedi M. Khaleghan M.R. Mahmoodi

Introduction: Brown rice cultivars has higher nutritional values than the white rice cultivars due to the total phenolic compounds. Ultrasonic pretreatment is an efficient method for the extraction of phenolic compounds due to time saving, high performance efficiency an More

Introduction: Brown rice cultivars has higher nutritional values than the white rice cultivars due to the total phenolic compounds. Ultrasonic pretreatment is an efficient method for the extraction of phenolic compounds due to time saving, high performance efficiency and also less solvent consumption. Materials and Methods: Total phenolic compounds and flavonoid contents were determined and antioxidant potential was assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Bioactive compounds of white and brown rice were extracted under various solvents including (water, ethanol 100%, methanol 100%, ethanol 50%, methanol 50% and ethanol 50%-methanol 50%) and two extraction methods such as Soxhlet extractor and ultrasonic bath. The comparison of the test variables were performed by Duncan's test and three-way multivariate analysis of variance. Results: The results showed that the highest flavonoids content (162 mg gallic acid/ Kg sample), poly phenols (142.5 mg quercetin / kg sample) and radicals scavenging effect DPPH (%76.4) belonged to brown rice under ultrasonic method and ethanol:methanol (50:50) solvent extraction. The results exibited that all the main related factors such as methods of extraction, solvents and rice have significant effects on the amount of polyphenols, flavonoids and DPPH. Conclusion: Under the same extraction condition, total phenol and flavonoid contents of brown rice is higher than the white rice. Ultrasonic extraction could enhance the total phenol and flavonoids contents compared to the soxhlet extraction. Manuscript profile

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6 - Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Dorema Aucheri Extract in Soybean Oil
R. Mohammadi M. Fazel E. Khosravi

Introduction: Due to the recognized antioxidant activities of compounds present in herbs and spices, there has been considerable interests concerned with this subject and the biological systems. This research work has been carried out in order to investigate the antioxi More

Introduction: Due to the recognized antioxidant activities of compounds present in herbs and spices, there has been considerable interests concerned with this subject and the biological systems. This research work has been carried out in order to investigate the antioxidant activity of Dorema Aucheri plant and also the application of its ethanolic extract to refined bleached and deodorized soyabean oil to retard the rate of oxidation. Materials and Methods: The effects of water and 96% ethanol as solvents on extracting efficiencies of phenolic compounds and flavonoids of the sample were investigated. The antioxidant activities of the samples with different added concentrations of the extract using DPPH radical scavenging and Ferric-reducing power were determined and evaluated. Results: The results showed that the aqueous extract has the highest extraction rate as compared to the ethanolic extract, however the highest concentrations of phenolic compounds (21.73 ± 0.89 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (14.99 ± 0.60 mg QE/g sample), and the lowest IC50 concerned with DPPH (2.05 mg extract/ mg DPPH) and the highest rate of Ferric reducing power (14.13 ± 0.06 mM Fe+2/mg) were related to the ethanolic extract. The results of oven test also indicated that the ethanolic extract at certain concentrations could control the rate of oxidation. Conclusion: The results of this investigation suggested that the Dorema Aucheri ethanolic extract might be employed as an antioxidant. Therefor one might introduce Dorema aucheri as a good source of natural antioxidant due to the presence of phenolic compounds.  Manuscript profile

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7 - Optimization of the Extraction of the Total Phenolics and Antioxidant Compounds from Solanum nigrum Fruit using Response Surface Methodology
F. Khanlari A. Yasini Ardakani N. Nasirizadeh

Introduction: Solanum nigrum L. (SN) is a herbal plant indigenous to the north-east of Asia. The plant is believed to have various biological activities. In this study, the optimum conditions for the extraction of phenolic compounds from Solanum nigrum were determined u More

Introduction: Solanum nigrum L. (SN) is a herbal plant indigenous to the north-east of Asia. The plant is believed to have various biological activities. In this study, the optimum conditions for the extraction of phenolic compounds from Solanum nigrum were determined using response surface methodology (RSM). Materials and Methods: Extraction was carried out using different solvents in order to determine the best solvent for the highest extraction yield. Central composite design was employed to optimise the three independent variables such as incubation temperature (25–70 ºC), time (30–240 min) and liquid-to-solid ratio (10–20 ml/g). Total phenols (TP) was measured using Folin – Ciocalteu method and IC50 scavenging activity was analyzed using DPPH method. Results: The preliminary experiments with p<0.05 showed that ethanol was the best solvent for the extraction of Solanum nigrum. The experimental data were fitted into a second-order polynomial equation and 3D response surfaces showed that the optimal conditions were at the temperature of 70 ºC, time of 30 min and liquid to solid ratio of 20 ml/g. These optimum conditions obtained the total phenolic compounds of 18.04 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g and DPPHsc of 61.9 μg/ml. Conclusion: The result of this study indicated the suitability of the response surface methodology employed in optimizing the extraction conditions. The optimized conditions showed a fast and high extraction yield of phenolic and antioxidant compounds from Solanum nigrum. Manuscript profile

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8 - Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Content of Chamomile (Chamomilla recutita L) Extract
A. Abaee M. Mohammadian S. Jaberipour

Introduction: Nowadays, there is a great intetest to use natural additives in food products especially compunds that are extracted from plants. Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is an annual herbaceous flowering plant native to Europe. It has been used traditionally More

Introduction: Nowadays, there is a great intetest to use natural additives in food products especially compunds that are extracted from plants. Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is an annual herbaceous flowering plant native to Europe. It has been used traditionally as a medicinal and pharmaceutical preparation due to its anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic properties. Materials and Methods: The amount of polyphenolic compounds and radical-scavenging activity of the aqueous extract of chamomile were studied under different conditions of heating, pH alterations and storage. Results: Heat treatment of 70-120°C at pH of either 5.6 or 2.6 for 5 and 15 minutes did not influence the phenolics content. However, acidification of the extract from the inherent value of 5.6 to 2.6 decreased the polyphenols content by 10%. The antioxidant activity of the extract decreased due to heating at 70, 80 and 90°C and the higher the heating temperature and the longer the heating duration, the lower was the antioxidant activity of the heat-treated extract. The amount of polyphenols in the extract with the inherent pH of 5.6 was increased over 25-day storage period that was attributed to the release of some phenolic compounds being bound to other compounds. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that polyphenols present in aqueous extract of chamomile are resistance to thermal process. But, the antioxidant activity of extract was reduced as the result of heating. However, it can be concluded that the phenolic compounds of chamomile extract had a high resistance to heat and showed a significant antioxidant activity after pasteurization process. Moreover, the phenolic compounds of the extract were stable in acidic pH during long-term maintenance. Manuscript profile

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9 - Effect of Microliposomes Containing Phenolic and Tocopherol Compounds of (Pistacia atlantica) Kernel Oil on the Butter Stability
M. Nikkhah J. Khoshkho S. E. Hoseini P. Mahasti A. Akhondzadeh

Introduction: Wild pistachio (pistacia atlantica), as a plant source is rich in phenolic and tocopherol content that has significant antioxidant, therapeutic and antimicrobial effects. Encapsulation can be used as an effective method to improve the stability and prevent More

Introduction: Wild pistachio (pistacia atlantica), as a plant source is rich in phenolic and tocopherol content that has significant antioxidant, therapeutic and antimicrobial effects. Encapsulation can be used as an effective method to improve the stability and prevent undesirable taste of phenolic compounds. Therefore in this study, the effect of micro liposomes containing phenolic and tocopherol compounds of pistacia atlantica (Beneh) oil on oxidative stability of butter was investigated.Results: The particle size of liposome was in the range of 4-9μm. The addition of cholesterol had a significant effect on particle size. The addition of cholesterol increased the zeta potential of the samples. The total concentration of 40 to 20 mg lecithin to cholesterol was identified as an optimal concentration in the production of micro liposomes and it was used in determination of oxidative stability of butter. The results showed that N400 (sample containing 400 mg / 1000g of phenolic and tocopherol compounds of pistacia atlantica) had the highest stability.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that use of phenolic and tocopherol compounds of Beneh kernel oil, in form of microcapsules might be used to prevent chemical spoilage and also increase the shelf life and beneficial properties of cream and butter derived it, and it has taken a positive step towards producing functional products and promoting consumer health. Manuscript profile

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10 - The Effect of Different Deheating Processes on Residual Myrosinase Activity, Antimicrobial Properties and Total Phenolic Contents of Yellow Mustard (Sinapis alba)
M. Mizani M. Yousefi S. Rasouli A. Sharifan M. Bamani Moghaddam

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11 - Evaluation of Changes in Phenolic Compounds of Two Varieties of Olives during the Course of Maturation
S. Z. Bolandnazar S. H. Hoseini M. Servili M. Ghavami

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12 - Evaluation of Chemical Characteristics of Extra Virgin Olive Oils Extracted from Three Monovarieties of Mari, Arbequina and Koroneiki in Fadak and Gilvan Regions
M. Homapour M. Ghavami Z. Piravivanak E.S. Hosseini

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13 - Effect of nickel and pH on antioxidant activity, and total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Cladophora glomerata
Zohreh Senobari Naser Jafari Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh

Excess Ni concentration is considered as a stressful factor for algae, and can affect their growth as alimiting factor. Ni toxicity can also induce oxidative stress in algae and plants by producing freeradicals. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different conce More

Excess Ni concentration is considered as a stressful factor for algae, and can affect their growth as alimiting factor. Ni toxicity can also induce oxidative stress in algae and plants by producing freeradicals. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of Ni and pH onantioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents ofextracts were determined by Folin-Ciocaltue assay and expressed based on mg of gallic acid per g ofextract. Then the antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts was assessed by using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). In this study, the highest phenolic content (1873 mg gallic acid/g extarct) andflavonoid content (1106 mg quercetin/g extarct) were obtained at pH=5. In the antioxidant activitytest, the maximum IC50 was recorded at pH=9. The results indicated that ethanolic extract ofCladophora glomerata has a noticeable antioxidant ability against various oxidative systems and itcan be used as an accessible source of natural antioxidant in food and pharmaceutical industries. Manuscript profile

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14 - Evaluation of Antioxidant activity, Total phenolic and Flavonoid content of the extract of Adonis aestivalis L. collected from Lorestan Province
mahboubeh taherkhani مجید قربانی مرضیه حسینی

Adonis aestivalis L. belongs to the Ranunculoidae sub family of Ranunculaceae family. Up to now many reports has proven the presence of tetraterpenoids, phenolic compounds and cardiac glycoside in the genus Adonis. The most important mentioned effect of A. aestivalis is More

Adonis aestivalis L. belongs to the Ranunculoidae sub family of Ranunculaceae family. Up to now many reports has proven the presence of tetraterpenoids, phenolic compounds and cardiac glycoside in the genus Adonis. The most important mentioned effect of A. aestivalis is it's uses in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmia or sexual problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content of the methanolic (%80) and ethyl acetate extract of A. aestivalis and compare them with each other. The total phenolic content (TPC) of the extracts of A. aestivalis was determined using the Folin ciocalteau assay at the presence of galic acid as standard and also the total flavonoid content (TFC) was determined using spectrophotometer methods at the presence of catechin as standard. Antioxidant activity of the extracts of A. aestivalis was determined upon Ferric-Reducing-Antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The result showed that the total phenolic content of the methanolic extract was determined to be 607.262.35 mg GAE/g sample and total flavonoid content 97.810.007 mg catechin equivalent/g sample more than ethyl acetate extract (378.378.64 mg GAE/g sample, 89.730.003 mg catechin equivalent/g sample, respectively). Also the FRAP properties of the methanolic extract of A. aestivalis was determined to be 3.9850.001 mg GAE/g sample more than ethyl acetate extract (3.4940.0004) mg GAE/g sample. The results showed that the methanolic extract of A. aestivalis has high antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content. Therefore further comprehensive investigation is required to determine the antioxidant properties of A. aestivalis. Manuscript profile

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15 - Investigation of total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and evaluation of antioxidant activities of Verbascum cheiranthifolium Boiss. extract from Kolakchal region, Tehran Province
ZAHRA SADAT AGHAKHAH RAZLIGHI Rustaiyan Abdolhossein Kambiz Larijani

This plant Verbascum cheiranthifolium Boiss. belonging to the Scrophulariaceae family, is derived from traditional Iranian medicine and vicinal countries which is used both edible and topical for treatment. For the first time in this research the amount of total phenol, More

This plant Verbascum cheiranthifolium Boiss. belonging to the Scrophulariaceae family, is derived from traditional Iranian medicine and vicinal countries which is used both edible and topical for treatment. For the first time in this research the amount of total phenol, Flavonoid and antioxidant property of aerial parts extract of plant of Iran in the Kolakchal area (Tehran-Iran) were investigated. To measure The amount of Phenol and Flavonoid respectively is used from reagents Folin- Ciocalteu and Alcl3 and the method DPPH is used to measure the Antioxidant potential. The result showed the phenolic content for samples respectively 0.925 milligram of galic acid per gram dry weight and 18.887 milligram quercetin per gram dry weight. In evaluation of antioxidant potential by method DPPH amount of Ic50 for BHT 72301/428 µgr/ml and for the extract is 45829/364 µgr/ml. As a result, the antioxidant activity of this plant have higher potential against the antioxidant synthesis of BHT. The results of this study showed that this plant has a good antioxidant power against a variety of oxidative systems and as an accessible natural antioxidant can be used in food and pharmaceutical industries. Manuscript profile

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16 - Extraction and measurement of β-Carbolines and evaluation of antioxidant properties of leaf and seed extract of Spand (P.harmala) of Zahedan
Saeedeh Fahimi Shahrbanoo Oryan Ramesh Ahmadi Akram Eidi

β-Carbolines are an alkaloid containing indole group that easily passes through the blood-brain barrier and change the concentration of neurotransmitters, as well as a range of neurophysiological and toxic effects, including effects on body temperature, seizures, a More

β-Carbolines are an alkaloid containing indole group that easily passes through the blood-brain barrier and change the concentration of neurotransmitters, as well as a range of neurophysiological and toxic effects, including effects on body temperature, seizures, anti-depressant activity, vascular dilatation, anti-cumulative effects of platelets and effects on appetite. The aim of this study was to extract and measure β-Carboline and also phenolic compounds of Spand (p.harmala) collected from Zahedan. Further phytochemical analysis of extracts was carried out and the quantitative and qualitative analysis included identification of anthocyanins, flavonoids, tannins, anthraquinones, an antioxidant test of extract, FT-IR analysis of extract, quantitative and qualitative analysis of HPLC extract and alkaloids. The results showed that although the antioxidant properties of methanolic extract from leaves are higher (due to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds) than the methanolic extract seeds, the amount of β-Carboline in the seeds of this plant (p.harmala) is higher. Manuscript profile

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17 - The effect of extraction conditions using ultrasonic and maceration methods on the extraction rate of phenolic compounds and the extraction efficiency of jujube fruit (Ziziphus spp.)
Zahra Khoshdouni Farahani Mohammad Ali h Mousavi

Background: Plants are among the most important sources of phenolic compounds, which also include natural antioxidants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two methods of extraction by ultrasonic bath and maceration on the extraction of phenolic compo More

Background: Plants are among the most important sources of phenolic compounds, which also include natural antioxidants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two methods of extraction by ultrasonic bath and maceration on the extraction of phenolic compounds from jujube fruit using water and 80% ethanol solvents. Methods: In the ultrasonic bath method, water and 80% ethanol solvents were used in three time levels of 15, 30 and 60 minutes and two temperature levels of 50 and 70 °C. In the maceration method, water and 80% ethanol solvents and their combinations were used and the content of phenolic compounds using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the extraction efficiency of the extracts were determined. Results: Based on the results of ultrasonic bath extraction method, 80% ethanol solvent, 60 minutes and 50 °C extracted the highest content of phenolic compounds (86.33 mg GAE/100 g of dry sample) from the fruit and the extraction efficiency of its extract was 95.66%. In the maceration extraction method, 80% ethanol solvent extracted the highest content of phenolic compounds (61.40 mg GAE/100 g of dry sample) and the extraction efficiency of the extract was 77%. Conclusion: According to the results of both methods, the content of extraction of bioactive compounds based on the type of solvent, temperature and time were significantly different and 80% ethanol solvent was the best solvent for the extraction of compounds. Ultrasonic extraction had a significant effect on the extraction of phenolic compounds of jujube fruit.   Manuscript profile

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18 - Response Surface Methodology Modeling to Determine of Trace Amounts of Phenolic Compounds Using Silver Modified / Zero Valent Iron/ Fe3O4@G Nanocomposite
Mahmoud Reza Sohrabi Mohammad Reza Kashefi Alasl Mehran Davallo

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19 - Evaluation of antioxidant activity of water and ethanol extract of asgari grape residue
Seyed Hashem Akhlaghi

In this study, water and ethanol extracts of grape residuum was prepared by ultrasound and percolation extraction methods. The total amount of phenolic compounds present in the extracts was determined by of Folin ciocalteu method, free radical scavenging strength was de More

In this study, water and ethanol extracts of grape residuum was prepared by ultrasound and percolation extraction methods. The total amount of phenolic compounds present in the extracts was determined by of Folin ciocalteu method, free radical scavenging strength was determined by DPPH method and chelating ability of iron ion was determined by Ferrozine assay. Analysis of variance with SAS program showed that the effect of solvent, time, intensity and interaction [intensity × time] and [intensity × solvent] and [Time × solvent] on the strength of radical scavenging has significant difference in 0.01 (one percent) between the experimental levels. Comparison of means showed that the 50% radical scavenging power (IC50) of ethanol extract is more than aqueous extract. Maximum radical scavenging power for ultrasound extract was observed at 40 minutes sonication and minimum power was observed at 30 minutes sonication. Increase the intensity of ultrasound can reduce radical scavenging power, while its maximum was observed in the intensity of 20% and its minimum in the intensity of 40 percent. Manuscript profile

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20 - Extracts from Thymus vulgaris and Origanum vulgare L. obtained by different separation processes: global yield and functional profile
Suzara Sena Theresa Dantas Camila Pereira

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21 - Satureja myrtifolia (Boiss. & Hohen.) Lebanese wild plant, as a resource of natural antioxidants
Bachar Zebib Othmane Merah

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22 - Antiallergic polyphenols from Citharexylum spinosum
Ahmed E. Allam

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23 - Optimization of extraction methods for total polyphenolic compounds obtained from rhizomes of Zingiber officinale
Lida Eberle Alena Kobernik Aleksandra Aleksandrova Iryna Kravchenko

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24 - Understanding the phytochemical constitution, antioxidant potential and spectral characteristics of aqueous extracts of the chosen leafy vegetables from south India
Sobha Kota Pradeep Dumpala Hariseetharam Prasad Dachepalli Anantha Ratna Kumari

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25 - Influence of different solvent polarities on the phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant properties of the fruit of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich
Babatunde Joseph Oso Oyedotun Oyeleke Olaniyi Soetan

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26 - Effect of freeze-drying and spray-drying on total phenolics content and antioxidant activity from aqueous extract of Justicia secunda leaves
Emmanuel N’dri Koffi Amian Brise Benjamin Kassi Felix Anoh Adje Yves François Lozano Yves-Alain Bekro

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27 - Simultaneous optimization of extraction of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of aerial parts of Ammi visnaga L. using response surface methodology
Zineb El Jabboury Smail Aazza Driss Ousaaid Oumaima Chater Uros Gasic Peđa Janaćković Zora Dajic Stevanovic Stefan Kola&scaron;inac Meryem Benjelloun Lahsen El Ghadraoui

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28 - Phytochemical study and anti-inflammatory activity of the roots of Mangifera indica L. in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peritoneal macrophages
Yolande Nangue Eulogio José Llorent-Martínez Maria Luisa Fernández-de Córdova Douglas Alphonse M. Ngangoum Télesphore Benoit Nguelefack Anatole Guy Blaise Azebaze Alain Bertrand Dongmo

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29 - Effect of solvent, time and method of extraction on the amounts of phenolic, flavonoid and the antioxidant activity of the extract of Ixiolirion tataricum (Pall.) Schult. & Schult.f.
Fatemeh Rabbani Malihe Samadi Kazemi

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30 - Defense responses of apple treated with the yeast Pichia guilliermondii and silicon against Penicillium expansum
Leila Farahani Hassan Reza Etebarian

In this study variation of Peroxidase activity and phenolic compounds were studied after treating with Pichia guilliermondii (A6) and silicon (Si) and inoculation with Penicillium expansum (F1). The samples were taken in zero, second, fourth, sixth and eighth days after More

In this study variation of Peroxidase activity and phenolic compounds were studied after treating with Pichia guilliermondii (A6) and silicon (Si) and inoculation with Penicillium expansum (F1). The samples were taken in zero, second, fourth, sixth and eighth days after pathogen inoculation. The results showed that Peroxidase activity increased during these days and achieved the highest activity in sixth and eighth days. These results indicated that the phenolic compounds were in maximum amount in the second day after pathogen inoculation. These findings emphasized that increase in peroxidase activity and phenolic compounds could be the reason for induction of resistance in apple fruits. Manuscript profile

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31 - Relationship between the biological parameters of Diuraphis noxia (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and the host phenolic content
H. Tabasian sh. goldasteh Gh. h. Moravvej E. Sanatgar M. Ghadamyari

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32 - A review of the antioxidant compounds of plant sources in Iran
seyyed moein nazari mohammad maleki

10.30495/qafj.2023.1993466.1084

Antioxidants are compounds that delay oxidation in low concentrations. They are divided into two categories: natural and synthetic. The most used antioxidant groups in the food industry are synthetic phenolic antioxidants BHA, BHT, TBHQ and PG. These antioxidants are vo More

Antioxidants are compounds that delay oxidation in low concentrations. They are divided into two categories: natural and synthetic. The most used antioxidant groups in the food industry are synthetic phenolic antioxidants BHA, BHT, TBHQ and PG. These antioxidants are volatile and sensitive to heat and are not favorable for food stability, on the other hand, their use threatens human health. For this reason, today scientists and researchers are trying to find natural compounds with antioxidant properties to replace natural antioxidants with synthetic antioxidants or to reduce their consumption. The results of the studies showed that plants are a rich source of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins and other antioxidant compounds, which are the most important natural antioxidants.Nowadays, a wide group of plants and their extracts are considered as natural sources with antioxidant properties. The studies of carried out in Iran shows that edible and medicinal plants and their derivatives (essential oils, plant extracts) are widely used to prevent oxidative spoilage of food due to their strong and diverse antioxidant compounds. Among these, we can mention olive leaves, saffron petals, oregano, Froriepia subpinnata, Malva Sylvestris, Ferulago angulate, basil, hortensisj Sature, Salvia officinalis, turmeric, fennel, nettle, and black raspberry. Also, Dorema Aucheri, thyme, cinnamon and pomegranate peel have medicinal and therapeutic properties. Heizah grass plant is recommended as a health-giving and stabilizing combination of oils due to its easy access and cost-effectiveness in Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - Drying Peppermint Medicinal plant (Mentha piperita) using Combinations of Shade and Microwave Treatments –Part Two: Investigating the Effects of Treatments on some Phytochemical Properties of Dried Leaves
Fatemeh Roozdar Majid Azizi askar ghani

10.30495/sarj.2023.1980401.1120

Drying is the most common way to preserve medicinal plants and protect their biochemical compounds. In order to investigate the effect of different drying methods on some phytochemical properties of Mentha piperitae, including the content of total phenolics, total flavo More

Drying is the most common way to preserve medicinal plants and protect their biochemical compounds. In order to investigate the effect of different drying methods on some phytochemical properties of Mentha piperitae, including the content of total phenolics, total flavonoids, flavon and flavonol, and also antioxidant activity and total carbohydrates, two experiments were conducted separately based on a completely randomized design with three repetitions. The results showed a significant effect of different drying methods on the studied traits (p<0.05). In simple drying, the maximum amount of total phenolics, total flavonoid, flavone and flavonols related to fresh sample, while the minimum amount of these compounds was obtained in oven treatment with a temperature of 70oC, but in the combined drying method, the maximum amount of total phenolics, total flavonoid and flavon and flavonol were found in the combination treatment of shade + microwave 450 W, and the minimum amount was observed in the microwave drying method of 100 W + shade. Also, in the simple drying method, samples dried in artificial shade with 88.83% and in combined drying with treatment shade + 450 W microwave with 0.48% had the maximum antioxidant activity. Therefore, it can be concluded that in the simple drying of the fresh sample and in the combined drying of the shade + 450 W microwave method, they will be very favorable because they will maintain the biochemical characteristics. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - Effect of 6-benzylaminopurine and methyl jasmonate on yield and quality improvement of the strawberry ‘Albion’
Farzad Asgari Sepideh Kalateh Jari Babak Motesharezadeh Marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi Weria Weisany

10.30495/sarj.2023.1994688.1149

To study the effects of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) and methyl jasmonate (MJ) on various quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the Albion strawberry, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design was carried out with three replications in a More

To study the effects of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) and methyl jasmonate (MJ) on various quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the Albion strawberry, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design was carried out with three replications in a greenhouse located in Damavand county. The first factor was 6-BAP at two levels (control and 100 mg/L) and the second factor was MJ at three levels (control, 100 and 200 µM). Plants were sprayed twice with 6-BAP and thrice with MJ, during the vegetative and the reproductive growth phases, respectively. Application of 6-BAP during the vegetative stage, resulted in production of plants with more and larger leaves and increased crown diameter. The highest fruit count and weight, SPAD, flavor index, total anthocyanin and fruit shelf-life, was related to the 100 mg/L 6-BAP + 200 µM MJ treatment. Using cytokinin combined with each of the MJ concentrations, resulted in significant improvement of the plant yield and fruit firmness compared to the control. Therefore, pre-harvest application of these plant growth regulators can be suggested for increasing production rates, improving the quality, and the shelf-life of this vulnerable fruit and also reducing its waste. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

35 - Phytochemical Responses of White Savory (Satureja mutica Fisch and C.A.Mey.) to Foliar Application of Seaweed Extract and Ecormon Fertilizer
Saeid Reza Poursakhi Hossein Ali Asadi-Gharneh

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Open Access Article

36 - Growth and Biochemical Properties of Green Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Affected by Foliar Application of Biostimulants
Mozhgan Alibakhshi Hossein Ali Asadi-Gharneh

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

37 - Investigation on germination and phenolic content of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in response to cell phone radiation
Elham Rajabbeigi Mohammadreza Rousta

Nowadays, the use of cell phone has increased with the modernization. It has led to the increase in the radiations in the environment which further has effect on the plants and animals including human beings. In this research, the grains of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) More

Nowadays, the use of cell phone has increased with the modernization. It has led to the increase in the radiations in the environment which further has effect on the plants and animals including human beings. In this research, the grains of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) were placed in petridish and the mobile phone set was placed over them and it was activated by calling from another phone. The grains under the treatment for 14 days, were radiated for 10 minutes every day. After the treatment, the effects of cell phone waves on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings were investigated and the percentage of germination, radical scavengering capacity, and phenolics were examined in compared to control samples. It was observed that radiations emitted from cell phone show considerable increasing in the germination percentage and lipid peroxidation. Radical scavenging activity (RSA) and protein content were declined in response to cell phone radiations. Increasing of seed germination could be caused by inducing gene expression in response to cell phone radiations. It seems that although the decrease in radical scavenging activity, ROS was increased. It could be led to lipid degradation in compare to control ones. Total phenolics decreased in response to phone radiation. It seems that cell phone radiation can affect cells through the membrane degeneration and the production of reactive oxygen species. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

38 - Evaluation of changes in nitrogen, zinc, potassium sources and their combined application on some growth factors and physiological traits flavonoid , phenolic compounds and Anthocyanin of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar single cross 704
Tahereh Tavan Mohammad Ali Rezaei Mehr Ali Mahmood Janlou

10.30495/zisti.2023.1999247.1178

Introduction: Corn is one of the valuable agricultural plants whose diversity, adaptability and high nutritional value have placed it among the most important agricultural plants in the world. Foliar spraying of nitrogen, zinc and potassium fertilizers on corn plants ca More

Introduction: Corn is one of the valuable agricultural plants whose diversity, adaptability and high nutritional value have placed it among the most important agricultural plants in the world. Foliar spraying of nitrogen, zinc and potassium fertilizers on corn plants can provide farmers and researchers with very good information about the effect of nitrogen, zinc and potassium fertilizer consumption in the climatic conditions of Golestan province.Aim: Considering the medicinal effects of corn cob and its importance in medicine and the presence of special effective substances in this connection in corn silk, it seems that their quantity and quality are affected by the use of nitrogen, zinc, and potassium. Therefore, examining these changes is one of the practical goals of this research.Materials and methods: In order to evaluate the changes resulted from nitrogen, zinc, potassium and their simultaneous application were done on some morphophysiological traits of single cross 704 hybrid maize as a randomized complete block design with four replications in spring and summer of 2019 in Golestan province, the Katoul farm. Treatments included nitrogen(N), potassium(P), zinc(Z) fertilizer and combined application of nitrogen+potassium(NP), nitrogen+zinc(NZ), potassium+zinc(PZ) and their combined application of nitrogen+potassium+zinc(NPZ) with control. The results showed the traits were affected by fertilizer sources significantly (p≤ 0.01).Results: The studied treatments had a significant effect on the traits of height to the first corn, number of rows, ear length and ear diameter at the time of full ripening at the probability level of (p≤ 0.01). With the application of zinc, nitrogen and potassium elements, a significant increase in the content of phenolic compounds of leaves, silk and corn seeds was observed. The flavonoids of leaves, silk and seeds were influenced by the supply of nitrogen (N), zinc (Zn), potassium (K) fertilizers and their simultaneous application. Leaf anthocyanin in foliar spraying treatments with single potassium fertilizer, due to creating optimal conditions, most of the current energy of the plant was spent in the direction of growth, development and increasing the yield of treated plants, so the biosynthesis and production of anthocyanin in corn leaves with single application of potassium was less, but silk anthocyanin And the seed with single application of potassium and simultaneous application of potassium+nitrogen, potassium+zinc, potassium+nitrogen+zinc showed a significant increase compared to the control. Conclusion: according to the obtained results, the simultaneous application of fertilizers is recommended to increase the morpho-physiological traits and yield of plants. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

39 - Phytochemical investigation of the extract of Astragalus tragacantha collected from the vegetative areas of Meshkin Shahr and its antimicrobial effects on some common oral and dental bacteria
Hojjat Eghbal Mehdi Ahmadi Sabegh

Introduction and purpose: Recently, due to the increasing resistance of microorganisms to common antibiotics, the use of phenolic and antimicrobial compounds in medicinal plants has received special attention.Materials and methods: Gon extract was extracted by maceratio More

Introduction and purpose: Recently, due to the increasing resistance of microorganisms to common antibiotics, the use of phenolic and antimicrobial compounds in medicinal plants has received special attention.Materials and methods: Gon extract was extracted by maceration method and their phenolic compounds were identified by HPLC, the antimicrobial effect of the extract was investigated in concentrations (25, 50 and 100 µg/ml). These bacteria included common microbes and fungi, including Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus salivaris, Streptococcus subrinus, Escherichia coli, Icnella cordens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Disc diffusion and MIC methods were used to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the extracts.Findings: In the investigation of the effect of the desired extract on bacteria, it was found that the medicinal plant Gon has the least inhibitory effect against Streptococcus sanguinis bacteria and the most inhibitory effect on Candida glabrata fungus. The results of the MIC test also confirm these effectsConclusion: According to the phytochemical results obtained from the extract of this research, it can be stated that the studied medicinal plant has antibacterial phenolic compounds. Therefore, the results of the research showed that the extract of the medicinal plant Goon has a suitable anti-microbial effect against the bacteria causing oral and dental infections, and it was expressed as an alternative to the standard drugs chlorhexidine and nystatin. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

40 - Investigation of the antioxidant properties of metanolic peel extract of pomegranate (Punica granatum var. Rabbab)
Enayat Beriz Seyed Shahramr Shekarforoush Saeid Hosseinzadeh

Plants are riched by phenolic compounds and considered as the main natural antioxidants. Many efforts have been recently made to clarify the source of natural antioxidants and their roles to protect from oxidative stress injuries. The present study was aimed to qualify More

Plants are riched by phenolic compounds and considered as the main natural antioxidants. Many efforts have been recently made to clarify the source of natural antioxidants and their roles to protect from oxidative stress injuries. The present study was aimed to qualify the phenolic compounds of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) of Rabbab variety and their antioxidant effect to substitute the synthetic compounds. Folin- Ciocalteu method was employed to investigate phenolic compound, while, spectrophotometery is used to measure flavonoid, antocyanin and oxidative ability. The antioxidant activity of different concentration of PPE was measured using DPPH. Results showed the concentrations of 70.83 mg TAE/g, 21.33 mg CE/g and 136.66 mmol/100 mL corresponding to the phenolic, flavonoid and antocyanin compounds, respectively. The antioxidant effect by linoleic system has shown to inhibit 89.61% of linoleic oxidation in the methanolic extract of PPE. Increasing the concentration of phenolic compound was simultaneous to raise its effect and a significant correlation between the antiradical activity and its reduction ability in the methanolic extract. The current results revealed the antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of Rabbab variety PPE and thus are recommended to apply in food industries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

41 - Effect of ozone treatment on quality features and microbial load of sumac, cumin and pepper spices
A. Hemmati Moghadam N. Asefi S. Hanifian

Herbs are often produced by traditional methods and in poor sanitary conditions and can contain high amounts of spoilage and pathogenic microbes. The aim of this study has investigated the effect of ozone on some qualitative characteristics and microbial spices sumac, c More

Herbs are often produced by traditional methods and in poor sanitary conditions and can contain high amounts of spoilage and pathogenic microbes. The aim of this study has investigated the effect of ozone on some qualitative characteristics and microbial spices sumac, cumin and pepper. For this purpose, samples were treated by ozone at a concentration of 2 g per hour for 10, 20, 40 and 60 minutes. Then microbial count and chemical characters such as moisture content, antioxidant properties, and phenolic compounds were determined. The results showed that compared with controls, treatment with ozone decreased 2 logarithmic units (P <0.05) the total number of micro organisms, 4 logarithmic unit mold and yeast populations, and 1 logarithmic unit coliform. On the other hand, 60-minute treatment with ozone caused a significant reduction (P <0.05) the amount of moisture in the cumin and pepper But this was not statistically significant reduction in sumac. After treatment as well as 60 minutes of ozone, the number of phenolic compounds in cumin and pepper significantly was fell compared to control (P<0.05) While there was no significant reduction in sumac. In the case of the antioxidant index (percentage of Scavenging of DPPH radical) Results showed that At time zero and after 60 minutes of treatment with ozone, the highest antioxidant activity respectively was observed in crushed spices, pepper, and cumin. According to the findings, we can ignore the negative effects of ozone on some qualitative features of spices, used it effectively to reduce microbial seasonings. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

42 - Determination of total phenolic compound contents and antioxidant capacity of persimmon skin
مرتضی Mohamadi زهرا Pourfallah A.H Elhami Rad

Due to the adverse side effects of synthetic antioxidants, the search for natural and safe antioxidants has become crucial. In this study, the total phenolic compound contents and antioxidants activity of persimmon skin was investigated. The extraction was carried out b More

Due to the adverse side effects of synthetic antioxidants, the search for natural and safe antioxidants has become crucial. In this study, the total phenolic compound contents and antioxidants activity of persimmon skin was investigated. The extraction was carried out by means of maceration method using ethanol and methanol solvents with ratio of 1 part persimmon skin to 5 parts of solvents. Afterwards, the total phenolic compounds and antioxidants activity was measured. According to the results, ethanolic and methanolic extracts contained 255.6 and 214.15 mg gallic acid per 100 g of persimmon skin, respectively. Moreover, ethanolic extracts showed a higher activity for scavenging free radicals compared to methanolic extracts.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

43 - Total phenolics, flavonoids content and antioxidant capacities of grape pomace fermented by Aspergillusoryzae
رقیه Ashrafi Yorghanloo محمد Alizadeh Khaledabad محمود Rezazad Bari لطیفه Pour Akbar

   Antioxidants due to the extensive biological properties and their role in preventing of various diseases, are considered as components of health. Grape pomacevitisviniferacv.rish baba contains high amounts of antioxidant compounds. Fermentation of grape pom More

   Antioxidants due to the extensive biological properties and their role in preventing of various diseases, are considered as components of health. Grape pomacevitisviniferacv.rish baba contains high amounts of antioxidant compounds. Fermentation of grape pomace by Aspergillusoryzae increases the extraction of these compounds. Ultrasound – assisted extraction is the most important methods for the extraction of valuable compounds from plant sources and accelerates the rate of extraction. The aim of this study was to evaluate of various factors effect on the extraction of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidant properties of grape pomace fermented by Aspergillusoryzae and using response surface methodology. The variables were temperature (55-67°c), time (24-32 min), solvent concentration (37-49%) and whey powder content (10-50gr). The highest rate of phenolic compounds and flavonoids were obtained at 64°c for 30 min and the solvent concentration of 46%. The highest level of DPPH and FRAP were obtained at 58°c for 30 min and the solvent concentration of 46%. With increasing extraction time phenolic compounds, flavonoids, DPPH and FRAP were ascending. Obtained results proved that fermentation by Aspergillusoryzae and using ultrasound – assisted extraction was a suitable method for the extraction of biological material from grape pomace with benefites such as high extraction rate, reducing the amount of solvent, temperature and time required. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

44 - The effect of sonication on bioactive compounds in carrot juice
علی Ayaseh محمد Alizadeh عباس Mehrdad محسن Esmaiili یوسف Javadzadeh

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of ultrasound treatment on bioactive compounds (including total phenolic, total flavonoids, total carotenoids, ascorbic acid) of carrot juice in comparison with conventional thermal process. Carrot juice samples More

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of ultrasound treatment on bioactive compounds (including total phenolic, total flavonoids, total carotenoids, ascorbic acid) of carrot juice in comparison with conventional thermal process. Carrot juice samples were sonicated according to D-optimal response surface design with processing variables of temperature (25, 37.5 and 50°C), time (10, 20 and 30 min) and power (350 and 400 w) at a constant frequency of 24 kHz. Results showed that ultrasound temperature (P<0.01), time (P<0.01) and power (P<0.05) significantly decreased the ascorbic acid content of carrot juice samples. Ascorbic acid contents in heat-treated and sonicated samples reveled that sonication process had more protective effect of ascorbic acid. Ultrasound temperature significantly (P<0.05) increased the total carotenoid contents of the sonicated samples. On the other hand, ultrasound duration significantly (P<0.01) decreased the total phenolic contents of the sonicated samples; nevertheless, no significant difference was observed between sonicated and heat-treated as well as control groups. Total flavonoids content of the sonicated samples was significantly (P<0.01) decreased in comparison with the heat-treated and control samples. It was concluded that ultrasound treatment as a non-thermal preservation technique, leads to better retention of bioactive compounds (especially ascorbic acid, total carotenoids and total phenolic contents) compared to thermal process. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

45 - Changes of antioxidative systems in various color leaves of Japanese spindle (Euonymus japonicus Thunb.)
Nader Chaparzadeh Samane Safikhani Laila Zarandi-Miandoab

Some physiological parameters and antioxidant responses were investigated in different color leaves of the evergreen shrub Japanese spindle (Euonymus japonica Thunb.). The shrub has leaves with three colors including dark green, light green, and yellow. Oxidative stress More

Some physiological parameters and antioxidant responses were investigated in different color leaves of the evergreen shrub Japanese spindle (Euonymus japonica Thunb.). The shrub has leaves with three colors including dark green, light green, and yellow. Oxidative stress markers (hydrogen peroxide concentration, cell membrane stability, and lipids peroxidation), activity of peroxidase and some antioxidant molecules (phenolic compounds, proline, and free amino acids) were studied. Significant differences were found in hydrogen peroxide content, cell membrane stability, and membrane lipids peroxidation among leaves. In yellow leaves, the total content of proline and free amino acids were higher than those of the dark green and light green leaves. The highest and lowest free phenolic compounds contents were found in the dark green and yellow leaves, respectively. The POD activity increased significantly with changing leaf color from dark green to light green and to yellow. As a result, despite the activity of the antioxidant systems, the color change from dark green to yellow caused a gradual increase in the oxidative damage. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

46 - Effects of methanol spraying on some biochemical and physiological characteristics of soybean (Glycine max L.) under drought stress
Behzad Amraei Farzad Paknejad Mohammadali Ebrahimi Hamid Sobhanian

In order to investigate the effect of foliar application of methanol and drought stress on some biochemical properties of soybean (Glaycine max L.), a pot experiment was done in farm environment. The experiments were done in factorial form based on a completely random d More

In order to investigate the effect of foliar application of methanol and drought stress on some biochemical properties of soybean (Glaycine max L.), a pot experiment was done in farm environment. The experiments were done in factorial form based on a completely random design with 3 repetitions. Treatments included three irrigation levels of normal (irrigation after 40% depletion of available soil moisture), average stress (irrigation after 60% depletion of available soil moisture), and severe stress (irrigation after 70% depletion of available soil moisture) as the main factor and levels of methanol in the form of foliar application including control solutions (foliar application without use of methanol) and solutions of 14.7% and 21% of methanol as secondary factor. Results obtained from the study showed that there were significant differences between various levels of methanol in content of chlorophyll and carotenoid compounds, relative water content, phenolic compounds, total protein content, proline, and leaf peroxide hydrogen in (P≤0.01). With the application of stress from mild to severe, application of 14% methanol showed more pronounced effects on total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. Moreover, under mild and severe stress conditions, with application of the highest value of methanol, production of peroxide hydrogen reached lowest level and the content of phenolic compounds increased with the increased application of methanol from 7% to 14%. According to the obtained results, with application of 14% methanol, more increase was observed in the efficiency of proline under severe stress conditions. Increasing the volume of methanol from 7 to 14%, the relative water content was preserved under stress conditions. For protein, with increased drought stress, the effect of application of 14% methanol was the same in comparison with 21% methanol. Therefore, according to the obtained results, it is concluded that methanol could improve plant resistance against drought stress. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

47 - A study on phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity of kolkhoung (Pistacia khinjuk Stocks) leaf in natural habitat of Ilam province
علی اصغر حاتم نیا پرویز ملک زاده خشنود نورالهی طاهره ولدبیگی

In the present study, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity were investigated in four kolkhoung genotypes in their natural habitats of Ilam province. The antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts were assayed by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl- 1- picr More

In the present study, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity were investigated in four kolkhoung genotypes in their natural habitats of Ilam province. The antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts were assayed by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl- 1- picrylhydrazyl), nitric oxide radical scavenging and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays. Among all the sample tested, leaf extract of K3 and K4 genotypes contained the highest and the lowest total phenolic and flavonoid contents, respectively. The results indicated that among all the genotypes studied here, the highest and the lowest antioxidant activity were observed in K3 and K4 genotypes, respectively. According to the results, total phenol and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity in kolkhoung can be influenced by different factors such as genetic, environmental and ecological conditions. So that the amount of total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity increased in leaf of kolkhoung as the altitude increased, and the highest amount of compounds were observed in K3 genotype at altitude of 2083 meters (Ghalarang mountain). However, the results obtained in our research indicated that K3 genotype had the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and interestingly this genotype revealed the highest antioxidant activity among all samples tested. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

48 - The effect of mycorrhiza fungi on the morphological characteristics, phenolic compounds. and chlorophyll fluorescence of Borage (Borago officinails L.) under draught stress
علی Rahimi Sh Jahanbin امین Salehi هوشنگ Faraji

Drought is one of the factors that affect medicinal plants. On the other hand, the role of mycorrhiza fungi was effective in improving the performance of some medicinal plants exposed to draught stress. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in a ra More

Drought is one of the factors that affect medicinal plants. On the other hand, the role of mycorrhiza fungi was effective in improving the performance of some medicinal plants exposed to draught stress. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the Boyerahmad region during 2015 - 2016. The experiment factors consisted of irrigation levels (main plot) as irrigation after S1 =30, S2 =60, S3 =90, S4 =120 and S5 =150 mm water evaporation from evaporation pan class A and mycorrhiza fungi (sub plot) consisted of non-inoculation (NG), inoculation with mycorrhiza fungi species of Glomus mosseae (GM) and Glomus intraradices (GI). Results showed that the effect of year on the studied traits of Borage was not significant. The effect of drought stress on leaf area index of Borage was significant and in the irrigation after 30 and 60 mm evaporation the highest LAI was obtained. The application of mycorrhiza fungi Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices increased the amount of phenols of Borageby %13 and% 9, respectively as compared with the plants not inoculated with mycorrhiza fungi. Increase in the drought from 30 mm to 150 mm decreased evaporation, height, number of tributaries and chlorophyll fluorescence, but the application of mycorrhiza could increase the studied characteristics of Borage under drought stress conditions and decrease the negative effects of stress. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

49 - Comparison of Various Seed Priming Methods for Improving the Growth and Yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Under Saline Conditions
Ali reza Safahani Ghorban Shariari

In this study, potential of seed priming techniques were investigated in improving the yield of barley cultivars (Sahra and Khoram) in a saline field in Simin Shahr, Gomishan. For the purpose of priming, barley seeds were soaked in distilled water (hydropriming), aerate More

In this study, potential of seed priming techniques were investigated in improving the yield of barley cultivars (Sahra and Khoram) in a saline field in Simin Shahr, Gomishan. For the purpose of priming, barley seeds were soaked in distilled water (hydropriming), aerated solution of salicylic acid (50 mg l-1; salicylic priming), gibberellic acid (50 ppm; gibberellic priming), CaCl2 (50 mg l-1; halopriming), and polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000, 13.5%, osmopriming) for 12 h. In addition, untreated seeds were also taken as control. The results showed that seed priming treatments substantially improved the stand establishment with osmopriming being the most effective compared to the other treatments. Likewise, maximum fertile tillers, grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield and harvest index were observed in plants raised from osmoprimed seeds followed by halopriming in both cultivars tested. Seed priming treatments also improved the leaf K+ contents with simultaneous decrease in Na+ concentration, osmopriming being the best treatment. Similarly, maximum total phenolic contents, total soluble proteins (TSP), α-amylase and protease activity were observed in osmoprimed seeds followed by halopriming. In conclusion, different seed priming treatments in barley seeds improved the salinity tolerance. Nonetheless, osmopriming was the most effective treatments to get higher grain yield in both barley cultivars whereas gibberellic treatment was the least effective. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

50 - A study on the allelopathic effect of olive fruit pomace (Olea europaea L.) on some physiological parameters and yield of three wheat cultivars in climatic conditions of Khuzestan
Azin Ghafarizadeh Seyyed Mansour Seyyed nejad Mozhan Vafaei Abdolali Gilani Azra Saboora

This study was designed in order to investigate the allelopathic effect of olive fruit pomace on some physiological parameters and yield of three wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum). A pot experiment was used based on a factorial study with completely randomized design More

This study was designed in order to investigate the allelopathic effect of olive fruit pomace on some physiological parameters and yield of three wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum). A pot experiment was used based on a factorial study with completely randomized design and three replications at five levels (0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 % W/W) of olive fruit pomace and three wheat cultivars (Triticale, Karkhe and Chamran). The amount of soluble proteins of leaf, activities of peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase enzymes of leaf, and amount of malondialdehyde of leaf at ear emergence stage and spike weight, spike length, grain number per spike, grain weight per spike, 1000 grain weight, total harvest index, grain proline content, and grain soluble carbohydrate content at complete ripeness stage of wheat were measured. According to the results, amount of soluble proteins of leaf, activity of peroxidase of leaf, spike weight, spike length, grain number per spike, grain weight per spike, 1000 grain weight and total harvest index decreased in the three wheat cultivars with an increase in the content of olive pomace in the soil compared to the control. But the amount of activity of ascorbate peroxidase and catalase enzyme of leaf, amount of malondialdehyde of leaf, grain proline, and grain soluble carbohydrate content showed increase in the three wheat cultivars by increasing the content of olive pomace in the soil compared to the control. Since olive fruit pomace contains phenolic compounds, the inhibitory effects of olive pomace on wheat growth are attributed to these compounds.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

51 - The effects of irrigation period and humic acid on morpho-physiological and biochemical traits of thyme (Thymus vulgaris)
Hossain Gorgini sarah khorasaninejad mohammadreza abbasi alireza tabasi

In order to study the effects of irrigation period and humic acid on some morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of Thymus vulgaris L., an experiment was conducted as split plots based on randomized complete block design with three replications at research More

In order to study the effects of irrigation period and humic acid on some morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of Thymus vulgaris L., an experiment was conducted as split plots based on randomized complete block design with three replications at research farm of Baharan University of Gorgan, during growing season of  2016- 2017. Treatments were four levels of irrigation periods (every 3, 6, 9 days and everyday as control) and humic acid at three levels (0, 150, and 300 mg/l). Results showed that irrigation periods increased phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, proline, and soluble carbohydrate. The effect of the longest irrigation period (every 9 days) increased 1.07, 0.016, 14.53, 1.87 and 3.82 percent of proline, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and soluble carbohydrate, respectively. Also the highest concentration of essential oils was observed with the every 6 days irrigation treatment showing 15% difference as compare with the control. On the other hand irrigation period decreased significantly shoot height and wet and dry weight. Moreover, humic acid had a significant effect on all characteristics under study. Also, interaction effect of humic acid and irrigation periods had significant effects on all traits except for phenolic compounds. Foliar application with 150 mg/l humic acid and every 9-day irrigation resulted in the maximum increase in thymol and antioxidant activities. The highest level of essential oils was achieved in 300 mg/l humic acid and every 6-day irrigation period. Maximum proline content was also recorded under 300 mg/l humic acid and every 9-day irrigation period. Generally, findings suggested application of 300 mg/l humic acid and every 9-day irrigation as economically the best treatment since under humic acid application and less irrigation water the same yield is achieved as under high water consumption. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

52 - Investigation of antioxidant activity and application of HPLC technique for analysis of phenolic compounds of Amygdalus haussknechtii leaf extract
Ali Asghar Hatamnia Rabie Sharifi

This study was conducted to investigate antioxidant compounds contents and antioxidant activity of three Amygdalus haussknechtii genotypes in the natural habitat of Ilam Province. Total phenolic content was measured using Folin–Ciocalteu method and antioxidant act More

This study was conducted to investigate antioxidant compounds contents and antioxidant activity of three Amygdalus haussknechtii genotypes in the natural habitat of Ilam Province. Total phenolic content was measured using Folin–Ciocalteu method and antioxidant activity was estimated by two methods, namely DPPH (2,2-diphenyl- 1- picrylhydrazyl) and nitric oxide radical scavenging. High- performance chromatography was used for quantitative estimation of the phenolic compounds. Results showed that antioxidant activity of leaf extract of H3 genotype was significantly higher than that of H1 and H2 genotypes. The high antioxidant activity can be attributed to higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents, so that high correlation coefficient was observed between total phenolic content and DPPH and nitric oxide radical scavenging, R = 0.902 and R= 0.806, respectively. Analyzing the phenolic compounds by HPLC method indicated that catechin, sinapic acid, quercetin, and apigenin were found in H3 genotype. Also, apigenin compound was observe in all three investigated genotypes. Generally, the results suggested that leaf extract of H3 genotype with high phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity can be presented as a source of natural antioxidant and used in pharmaceutical industries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

53 - The effect of solvent type and concentration on extraction of phenolic compounds and evaluation of antioxidant activity of Crataegus elbursensis L. leaf collected from Golestan province
Mohammad Moghaddam Leila Mehdizade

10.30495/iper.2021.679541

In order to investigate the effect of the type and concentration of solvent on the amount of extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Crataegus elbursensis leaves, a research was performed in two separate experiments. At first experiment the effect o More

In order to investigate the effect of the type and concentration of solvent on the amount of extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Crataegus elbursensis leaves, a research was performed in two separate experiments. At first experiment the effect of solvent type (acetone, ethanol, methanol) at three concentrations (50, 80 and 100%) on extracted total phenolics content of C. elbursensis leaf was evaluated. At second experiment antioxidant capacity of produced extract from the best solvent at first experiment with the highest phenolic compounds (methanol 80%) was investigated by two different methods including total antioxidant and Fe reduction capacity. The results of these experiments showed that all three solvents; acetone, ethanol and methanol; in the form of mixture with water have more potential for extracting phenolic compounds toward the pure ones. The highest total phenolic content (118 mg GAE/g DW) was obtained at 80% concentration of all solvents, especially at methanol 80%. The results of evaluating antioxidant activity showed that with increasing the concentration of extract up to 500 µg/mL, antioxidant activity (0.8 mg/mL) was increased. Investigation of Fe reduction capacity indicated that with increasing the concentration of extract up to 800 µg/mL, the amount of absorption of the solvents contain the extract significantly increased. Therefore, according to the results of this study, the leaves of this plant can be used as the source of phenolics and antioxidants in different industries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

54 - Biochemical defense response of the greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) to complex disease caused by a root-knot nematode and Fusarium wilt fungus
Mehdi Mohamadian Sarcheshmeh Saeed Rezaee Alireza Iranbakhsh

10.30495/iper.2021.679543

Complex disease caused by the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, and the fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum, has limited cucumber cultivation in Iran. Therefore, access to the nematode-resistant cultivars has a crucial role in disease control. More

Complex disease caused by the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, and the fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum, has limited cucumber cultivation in Iran. Therefore, access to the nematode-resistant cultivars has a crucial role in disease control. The Assessment of plant defense compounds in the Complex disease helps understand the molecular mechanisms of resistance and the production of nematode-resistant cultivars. After inoculation of the plants in a greenhouse, the peroxidase enzyme and the phenolic compounds were measured using spectrophotometric method. The experiment was conducted based on a factorial completely randomized designed with 14 treatments, including control, fungi alone, nematode alone in four inoculations level viz. 1500, 3000, 4500, and 6000 J2s, fungus + nematode simultaneously, and fungus a week after nematode inoculation with 4 replications. Phenolic compounds increased by %54.74 and %92.34 and peroxidase enzyme activity increased by %50.64 and %63.31 in plants inoculated with fungus alone and nematode alone (6000 larvae) compared to the control, showing that these substances act as defensive compounds in cucumber. Results showed that increasing the nematode population in inoculated plants improved the defense compounds levels.  Inoculation of nematode (6000 larvae) followed by fungus led to %80 and %54.48 increases in phenolic compounds and peroxidase activity, respectively as compared with the control which might be attributed to the synergistic effects of pathogens. The fungi had a more active role than nematodes in increasing the peroxidase compared to the phenolic compounds, which indicated the complex nature of nematode parasitism in the nematode-plant interaction. Decrease in the defense compounds in Negin cultivar (susceptible to Fusarium) and increase in the level of these compounds in Khasib (tolerant to Fusarium) and Dastjerdi (tolerant to nematode) cultivars showed that the production of the defensive compounds may be related to the cucumber resistance to pathogens. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

55 - Effect of height and soil properties on some secondary metabolites of different organs of sweet violet (Viola odorata L.) in different natural habitats of Mazandaran province
Niloofar Zakaria Nejad Hossein Moradi Pourya Biparva Zahra Memariani

10.30495/iper.2021.1936770.1716

Various environmental factors including altitude and soil properties affect the growth and production of plants in natural ecosystems. Sweet violet (Viola odoratata L.) is a gramineous and perennial plant of the Violaceae family and grows as a wildflower in the mountain More

Various environmental factors including altitude and soil properties affect the growth and production of plants in natural ecosystems. Sweet violet (Viola odoratata L.) is a gramineous and perennial plant of the Violaceae family and grows as a wildflower in the mountainous areas of northern Iran and some other regions of the country. This study was performed to compare the phytochemical properties and antioxidant activity of Viola odoratata L. shoot and root extracts in nine habitats of Mazandaran province in March 2020. To investigate the analysis, leaf, flower and root organs of the plant in the flowering stage were collected from nine habitats of Mazandaran province along with soil samples of these areas in March 2018. After collecting the root and shoot samples at the florescence stage and preparing methanolic extract through ultrasonic method, the phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods, respectively, the antioxidant activities were assayed by Diphenyl Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and the anthocyanin contents of flowers were measured by Wagner method. According to the findings, phenolic contents of the flowers and leaves decreased and increased, respectively with increasing height, and percentage antioxidant activities of the flowers increased while the amount of flavonoids was not affected by the habitat altitude. Analysis of soil properties revealed that the anthocyanin contents of flowers increased under the effect of deficient absorbable phosphorus in habitat 3 (Firoozjah Babol) and habitat 6 (Mohammadabad Behshahr). Also in the study of secondary metabolites, Sweet violets in habitat 7 had 67.95% and 86.18% antioxidant activities in flowers and roots, respectively; leaf and root phenol contents of 142.32 mg/g and 55.21 mg/g, respectively, and 6.52 μmol/g flower anthocyanin, so it can be selected as the superior region, and samples from this region can be used as gene banks in sexual and asexual reproduction. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

56 - The effect of salicylic acid on the yield of vegetative organs and active ingredients of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) under drought stress
Mehrdad Maleki Hamid Sobhanian Enayatollah Yazdanpanah Abbas Maleki

10.30495/iper.2022.1952614.1773

This study was performed to investigate the effect of drought stress and salicylic acid on quantitative and qualitative yield and biochemical and physiological properties of stevia. An experiment was carried out based on a split plot design and randomized complete block More

This study was performed to investigate the effect of drought stress and salicylic acid on quantitative and qualitative yield and biochemical and physiological properties of stevia. An experiment was carried out based on a split plot design and randomized complete blocks with 3 replications in a research farm in Sarableh, Ilam during 2020-2021. Drought stress in 3 levels (control or 100% of field capacity, 75% of field capacity, and 50% of field capacity) and salicylic acid treatment in 2 levels (non-consumption and foliar application with a concentration of 1 mM) were applied. Plant height, number of periphery shoots, dry weight of stems and leaves, total dry matter yield, extractable sugars, and protein, proline, total chlorophyll, stevioside, glycoside, rebaudioside, and phenolic compound contents were assayed in the study. Findings showed that the highest total dry matter yield were obtained in irrigation control and salicylic acid consumption (77.2 g per plant), showing 34% increase compared to the lowest total dry matter yield obtained under 50% of field capacity irrigation and no salicylic acid consumption 34%. Also, in all drought stress treatments, applying salicylic acid improved total dry matter yield. In the treatment with no drought stress, the lowest sugar contents per plant were observed and in the treatment with salicylic acid the glucoside contents were more than the control. In general, drought stress reduced the amount of sugar and other growth traits of stevia plants. Applying salicylic acid in addition to improving the quantitative and qualitative traits of the stevia, improved the plant’s yield under various levels of drought stress, which is very important     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

57 - Effect of nanoselenium and sodium selenate on some of physiological and biochemical parameters of Vasha (Dorema ammoniacum L.)
Elham Abedi Ramazan Ali Khavari-Nejad Laleh Mosharraf Sara Saadatmand Hossein Ali Asadi-Gharneh

10.30495/iper.2022.1955136.1783

Selenium with antioxidant properties, has positive effects on growth and development of biological activities of many plants but its excessive levels in soil causes physiological problems. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of selenium (bulk) and nanosel More

Selenium with antioxidant properties, has positive effects on growth and development of biological activities of many plants but its excessive levels in soil causes physiological problems. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of selenium (bulk) and nanoselenium on some of physiological and biochemical of Vasha, in a completely randomized experiment. Selenium in form of sodium selenate was applied in nutrient solution at concentrations (0, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg L–1) and nanoselenium at concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg L–1). The results showed that application of both bulk and nano-Se treatments significantly increased plant growth parameters (i.e. length of roots and shoot, the root and shoot fresh and dry weights), as well as the content of photosynthetic pigment, total flavonoids, total phenol, anthocyanin and carbohydrate content by 2.5 mg L–1 and 10 mg L– 1 of selenium and nanoselenium respectively. Moreover, the abovementioned concentrations were associated with a significant increase in plant antioxidant activity. All treatments reduced malondialdehyde. The most increase in chlorophyll a was observed at a concentration of 10 mg L-1 nano-Se, which decreased with increasing selenium concentration compared to the control treatment. The results showed that the positive effect of selenium on the growth and increase of phenolic compounds depends on the type and concentration of selenium application. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

58 - Evalution of phytochemical screening of Rhamnus pallasii parts at different phenological stages
Akram Taleghani Soghra Mahmoudi Majid Mokaber Esfahani

10.30495/iper.2022.1956943.1790

Rhamnus pallasii Fisch. & C.A.Mey. is one of the most important species of the Rhamnaceae family, which have widely distributed in Iran. Various factors such as different harvest period, habitat, and climate affect the content of plant secondary metabolites. In this More

Rhamnus pallasii Fisch. & C.A.Mey. is one of the most important species of the Rhamnaceae family, which have widely distributed in Iran. Various factors such as different harvest period, habitat, and climate affect the content of plant secondary metabolites. In this study, phytochemical screening in different morphological parts (fruit, leaf, bark and root) investigated in April, May, July, August and October based on different climatic and phenological conditions. Different parts extracted with water-methanol (80%). The content of phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins and phenolic acid compounds of extracts was determined by spectrophotometry method and the antioxidant diphenyl pykryl hydrazyl (DPPH) test was used. The results are significant at the level of 0/05. Methanolic extract of fruit collected in October showed the largest content of total phenolics (583.66 ± 1.02 µg GAE/g DE), anthocyanin (9.06 ± 0.019 mg /l) and phenolic acid (53.87 ± 1.52 µg CAE/g). Also, the highest total flavonoid content was found in methanol extract of leaves in April (514.48±1.77µg QE/g). The fruits exhibited excellent antioxidant properties with IC50 value of 7.52±0.24 µg/ml in October, followed by leaves (8.18±0.29 µg/ml in March), roots (13.50±0.29 µg/ml in March) and barks (14.79±0.37 µg/ml in May). As a result, there is seasonal variation in both the quality and quantity of phenolic compound in different parts of Rhamnus. The phenolic-rich extracts in this study can be effectively used for both research and industrial applications. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

59 - Evaluation of some primary and secondary metabolites of medicinal plant Proveskia abrotanoides Karel. in different phenological stages
Somaye Sabbagh Maryam Niakan Ibrahim Gholamali pour Alamdari

To evaluate the quality and quantity of primary and secondary metabolites at different phenological stages of Brazmbl medicinal plants, plant organs at both vegetative and flowering stages of Vamanan region in Āzādshahr were collected and dried. Whole plant extracts fro More

To evaluate the quality and quantity of primary and secondary metabolites at different phenological stages of Brazmbl medicinal plants, plant organs at both vegetative and flowering stages of Vamanan region in Āzādshahr were collected and dried. Whole plant extracts from Proveskia abrotanoides were used in this study at both vegetative and flowering stages to identify and evaluate the quality of tannins, saponins, anthocyanins and terpenoids compounds, flavones, and flavonoids. Also some primary metabolites such as soluble and insoluble carbohydrates, proline and total phenol in roots, stems, leaves, and flowers of plant were evaluated quantitatively. Qualitative analysis showed that saponins, anthocyanin, and tannin compounds were present at both vegetative and flowering stages of Proveskia abrotanoides. Also, quantitative analysis showed the maximum amount of starch in the root and the highest concentration of soluble carbohydrates, proline, and phenolic compounds in the leaves at vegetative stage. Overall, the results showed that at the vegetative stage regardless of starch, leaves had the highest soluble carbohydrates, proline, and phenolic compounds while at the reproductive stage root contained the highest level of these compounds. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

60 - Effect of salt, gibberellin and ascorbate on germination growth and anti oxidant system in Barely (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedling
مریم Niakan وحیده Rashidzadeh عباسعلی Norinia, A

In different stress such as salinity, strong oxidant as reactive oxygen species is produced that damages to membrane structure in plant. Different antioxidant as ascorbate scavenger them. Between hormone, gibberellic acid has different roles that depend to king of gibbe More

In different stress such as salinity, strong oxidant as reactive oxygen species is produced that damages to membrane structure in plant. Different antioxidant as ascorbate scavenger them. Between hormone, gibberellic acid has different roles that depend to king of gibberellin, density and plant space. In this research Hordeum (4222) treated to ascorbate (1mm), gibberellin (200 and 400ppm) and NaCl (150, 350mm) and the effect of them on germination percentage, radicle lenght and antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase,poly phenol oxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and phenolic compounds was evaluated. The result of this research showed that in present of NaCl germination decreased but in NaCl and Ascorbate and Gibberellin germination and radicle length increased significanty. Also in absence of ascorbate and gibberellin and present of NaCl activity of catalase, peroxidase decreased but activity of poly phenoloxidase and ascorbate peroxidase increased. Also NaCl cause decreased phenolic compounds in barley seedling but by increasing ascorbate and gibberellin the content of them increased. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

61 - Seasonal changes of alkaloids and phenolic compounds in Chelidonium majus L. in two habitats
مه لقا Ghorbanli پروانه Fani آرین Sateei

Chelidonium majus L., a wide spread medicinal plant of the Papaveraceae family, has multiple applications in folk medicine because of its antitumoral, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities.Since the most of this plant medicine benefits treat the alka More

Chelidonium majus L., a wide spread medicinal plant of the Papaveraceae family, has multiple applications in folk medicine because of its antitumoral, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities.Since the most of this plant medicine benefits treat the alkaloids and phenolic compounds, in this research, the amount of alkaloids and phenolic compounds in Chelidonium majus L., in two regions of "Gorgan" & "Ziarat" and in three seasons (autumn, winter and spring) were studied. The plants were collected from 2 regions of ‘‘Ziarat’’ and ‘‘Gorgan’’, and the amount of alkaloids and phenolic compounds were determined by spectrophotometrical methods. Comparison of Chelidonium plant in two regions showed significant differences for alkaloids, flavonoids and phenolic compounds in three seasons (P<0.05). This survey was that the most alkaloid in Chelidonium’s root is from Ziarat (in spring season), and the most phenolic compounds in Chelidonium’s root is from Gorgan (in winter season). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

62 - Evaluation of flavonoids and phenolic compounds, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Hypericum perforatum L. Collected from two sites in North Country
hadi koohsari hamide khormali ayeshe khormali

This study was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Hypericum perforatum L., the aerial parts of plant were collected from two sites in Mazandaran province (Farahabad Sari and Pashakola Amol) during July to October 2015. T More

This study was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Hypericum perforatum L., the aerial parts of plant were collected from two sites in Mazandaran province (Farahabad Sari and Pashakola Amol) during July to October 2015. Total phenol and flavonoid contents were determined by colorimetric method using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and aluminum chloride respectively. The antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH method and then the antibacterial activity was performed by agar well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of plant extract were determined by broth micro dilution tube method. The results were showed that the total phenolic and flavonoid content and then the antioxidant capacity of plant from Sari region was more than in Amol region. The  MIC values which obtained fromSari  against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Shigella dysentery and E. coli were 12, 12, 190 and 390 µg/ml respectively, while these values from Amol were 24, 24, 780 and 1560 µg/ml respectively, which results were also confirmed in agar well diffusion method and then in conclusion the plant extract from Sari region had the highest content of secondary metabolites , antioxidant and antibacterial activity against tested bacteria and there is the direct correlation between phyto chemistry and their antioxidant and antibacterial activity of plant.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

63 - Phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial activities in Pulicaria gnaphalodes (Vent.) Boiss, Rhazya stricta L., Salvadora persica L., Teucrium polium L., Hibiscus sabdariffa L. from Sistan and Baluchestan province
Omid Azizian Shermeh Moharam Valizadeh Ali Qasemi Ahmad Mehraban Afsaneh Kamali deljoo

This present study is carried out to evaluate the phytochemical compounds such as total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of three extracts (methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous) in five different species of medicinal plants: P More

This present study is carried out to evaluate the phytochemical compounds such as total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of three extracts (methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous) in five different species of medicinal plants: Pulicaria gnaphalodes (Vent.)  Boiss.,  Rhazya stricta L., Salvadora persica L., Teucrium polium L., and Hibiscus sabdariffa L.. These samples were collected in different regions from Sistan and Baluchestan, 2014.The plant extracts were obtained by maceration method, phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocaltiu and Aluminum Chloride colorimetric, antioxidant activities were studied by two methods (DPPH and FRAP) and then antimicrobial activities were estimated by Disk-Diffusion method against four bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. The results were showed that in all species, the methanolic extract had high amount of secondary compounds, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The methanolic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. had maximum total phenolic (32.54±6.44 mgGAE/g) , flavonoid contents(27.11±1.00mgQUE/g) and antioxidant activity, (IC50=17.34±1.21µg/ml, 55.19±2.27 mM Fe2+/mg) and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition zone (27±1.00mm) was the most sensitive bacteria to plant extracts. In contrast, the aqueous extract of Teucrium polium L. had the minimum value of total phenolic , flavonoid contents , antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity .Overall, these plants could be a good candidate for the treatment of diseases caused by oxidative stress and pathogenic microbes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

64 - The effect of different solvents on total phenolic, flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of different organs of Momordica charantia L. cultured in Sistan region
forough Firoozkouhi ُSedegheh Esmaeilzadeh Bahabadi zeynab mohkami foroogh yousefzaei

Antioxidants metabolites which are protect the body against damage caused by free radical activity. Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites in medicinal plants, which have a high antioxidant power. Karela (Momordica charantia L.) is an herb belonging to Cucurbitace More

Antioxidants metabolites which are protect the body against damage caused by free radical activity. Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites in medicinal plants, which have a high antioxidant power. Karela (Momordica charantia L.) is an herb belonging to Cucurbitaceae family, consisted of phenolic compounds which can act as antioxidant. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of different solvents (methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, hexane and chloroform) on total phenolic, flavonoids content and antioxidant activities of Karela in Sistan region in 2016. Different extracts of plant parts ( Root, leaves and fruit) were obtained by different solvents by maceration method. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were measured by Folin–Ciocalteu and Aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Antioxidant activity of extracts were determined by using Diphenyl Picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays. The results were showed that the highest phenolic content was observed in fruit and leaf methanol extract (36.96±1.33 and 33.01±3.03 mg gallic acid/g DW respectively) and the least amount of phenol was extracted by ethyl acetate, hexane and chloroform which was less than 1 mg/g DW. The highest flavonoid content was observed in leaf acetone and methanol extract (10.95±1/97 and 10.03±2.2 mg quercitin/g DW respectively). Fruit methanol extract showed higher antioxidant activity than other extracts in three methods. Based on results of this research, Karela fruit can be suggested as useful source of natural antioxidants Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

65 - Comparative evaluation of phenolic and Flavonoids compounds, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of methanol extract of Artemisia annua L, Thymus vulgaris L, Matricaria chamomilla L, Salvia officinalis L. and Pistacia atlantica var mutica
Auob mazaraie leila fahmideh

10.30495/ejmp.2018.694518

This study was investigated the relationship between the number of phenols, flavonoids, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of extracts of some medicinal plants. Aerial parts of plants in blooming of Artemisia annua (from Saravan City), Thymus vulgaris (from the M More

This study was investigated the relationship between the number of phenols, flavonoids, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of extracts of some medicinal plants. Aerial parts of plants in blooming of Artemisia annua (from Saravan City), Thymus vulgaris (from the Medicinal plants farm of Zabol University), Matricaria chamomill (from Farashband City), Salvia officinalis (from the Medicinal plants farm of Zabol University) and Fruit of Pistacia atlantica (from Saravan City) were collected from farms and habitats of Sistan and Baloochestan and Fars province in 2016. The plant extracts were obtained by maceration method, phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocaltiu and Aluminum Chloride colorimetric, antioxidant activities were studied by method DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and then antimicrobial activities were estimated by Disk-Diffusion method against two bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The plant extract of Artemisia annua and Thymus vulgaris respectively had maximum total phenolic (22.36 mg/g DW) and flavonoid contents(142.59 mg/g DW) and antioxidant activity, (72.01 µg/ml and 70.75 µg/ml) and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli respectively with inhibition zone (15.1 and 16.8 mm ) was the most sensitive bacteria to plant extracts. Generally, the methanolic extract of the plants demonstrated different levels of antioxidant activity; in addition, the best antioxidant activity was related to Artemisia. Hence, it can be argued that these extracts of herb, instead of chemical drugs, can be used to treat infections. Furthermore, before using them all their side effects should be carefully investigated in in vitro accompanied by in vivo studies. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

66 - Study the effect of intercropping and chemical fertilizers on essential oil, phenolic and flavonoid contents and some biological properties of hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.)
Farhad Habibzadeh Behvar Asghari

10.30495/ejmp.2018.694519

In order to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers in hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) production, an investigation was conducted in the research farm of Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran, in 2016. The study was carried out as a factorial experiment b More

In order to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers in hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) production, an investigation was conducted in the research farm of Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran, in 2016. The study was carried out as a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with two factors and three replications. The experimental factors consisted of different planting patterns (factor A) on two levels including sole culture of hyssop and additive intercropping of 100% hyssop + 50% lentil and application of chemical fertilizers (factor B) on two levels including non-application and application of NPK. Essential oil (distillation with clevenger), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents, extract of plant (maceration method), phenolic and flavonoid contents (colorimetric method), DPPH radical scavenging and total antioxidant activity of vegetative parts of the plant at the beginning of flowering stage were evaluated. The results exhibited that all the traits, except for extract content, were significantly affected by the treatments. Oil yield, phenolic and flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging activity and total antioxidant activity were significantly stronger in intercropping + fertilizer application compared to the other treatments. In the other hand, intercropping enhanced the phenolic and flavonoid compounds, essential oil and extract yield of hyssop. Secondary metabolites, such as phenolic, flavonoid, and essential oil, are the defense system of plant, which were increased by competition between hyssop and lentil (as a stressor). Antioxidant properties also increased due to the increase in phenolic and flavonoids content. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

67 - Study and comparison of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of the native populations of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) Iran
ghasem eghlima mohsen sanikhani Azizollah Kheiry javad hadian mitra aelaei

Glycyrrhiza glabra L. is a family of Legominos, herbaceous, perennial and Iran is one of the countries exporting its root. This plant grows in different regions of Iran, hence the study of phytochemical diversity in different regions is important. This study was carried More

Glycyrrhiza glabra L. is a family of Legominos, herbaceous, perennial and Iran is one of the countries exporting its root. This plant grows in different regions of Iran, hence the study of phytochemical diversity in different regions is important. This study was carried out to evaluate the content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of 2 cm diameter roots of licorice populations in 15 provinces and 30 regions of Iran in 2017 in October and were transferred to the laboratories of the Department of Horticulture of Zanjan University. Total phenol (Folin–Ciocalteu method), total flavonoid (Aluminum Chloride method), anthocyanin (pH difference method) and antioxidant activity (DPPH method) were studied. The results of analysis of variance of data showed that among 30 populations, for all traits, there was a significant difference in the level of one percent. Total phenol traits ranging from 456.05 to 826 mg gallic acid per 100 g, total flavonoid between 1909.25 to 292.62 mg of quercetin per 100 g, anthocyanin levels ranging from 6.89 to 26.24 mg cyanidine-3-glucoside in Liter, the antioxidant activity varied between 62.07% and 87.14%. There was a significant and positive correlation between phenol total phenotype and antioxidant activity at 1% level, but there was no significant correlation with total flavonoid, anthocyanin and height. Based on the results of cluster analysis, 30 G. glabra were divided into two main groups. The evaluation of populations in terms of phytochemical traits showed a high variation that N, KA, BA, T, E, Y, M, MR, and SB populations Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

68 - Phytochemical, antioxidant and phenolic content Survey of leaves and flowers hydroalcoholic extracts of the Conocarpus erectus and biosynthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles using this extracts
FATEMEH gORJIAN roya mirza jani maryam kolahi

The identification of various bioactive compounds, high phenolic content and high antioxidant activity in extracts of Conocarpus erectus reveals the potential application of this plant as a natural source of antioxidant with the capability of synthesizing nanoparticles More

The identification of various bioactive compounds, high phenolic content and high antioxidant activity in extracts of Conocarpus erectus reveals the potential application of this plant as a natural source of antioxidant with the capability of synthesizing nanoparticles for medicine. The aim of this study was to examine the phytochemical compounds in the leaves and flowers of Conocarpus erectus L. and to determine the phenolic content and antioxidant properties of these extracts. Conocarpus erectus L leaves and flowers were extracted utilizing the Soxhlet and Maceration extraction methods. Phytochemical compounds present in plant extracts were analyzed by the use of gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The amount of phenolic content and antioxidant activity in leaf and flower extracts were determined, and the gold and silver nanoparticles were synthesized using these extracts. Additionally the diameter of gold and silver nanoparticles synthesized using extracts of the leaves and flowers were measured. 19 chemical compounds were identified that were mainly in methanolic extracts of leaves prepared by Soxhlet extraction. Steroids were detected in both extracts The amount of phenolic compounds was high. In this study, the extract of flower obtained by Soxhlet method had the highest phenolic compounds. Of the plant extracts evaluated, the extracts obtained by the Soxhlet method had the lowest IC50 and thus the highest antioxidant capacity. Extracts were also utilized in the preparation of nanoparticles of gold and silver. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

69 - The effect of harvesting time on some phytochemical characteristics of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) medicinal plant leaves
Marziyeh Allahdadi Laleh Mosharraf

Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a perennial plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. It has a special place in the pharmaceutical and food industries all over the world. In order to evaluate some phytochemical characteristics of artichoke leaves at different growt More

Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a perennial plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. It has a special place in the pharmaceutical and food industries all over the world. In order to evaluate some phytochemical characteristics of artichoke leaves at different growth stages, an experiment was conducted by using a randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with three replications in Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources center during two consecutive years (2014-2015 and 2015-2016). In the second year, the leaves were collected at three growth stages: vegetative, heading and flowering in the second year. After harvesting, some quality factors such as their total phenolic content (Folin–Ciocalteu method), total flavonoids (Colorimetric Method of Aluminum Chloride), chlorogenic acid content (HPLC method) and antioxidant activity (DPPH free radical scavenging activity and reducing power) were measured. The results showed that the phytochemical and antioxidant properties of artichoke leaves were different at the three growth stages. The highest amount of phenolic content (76.25 mg GAE g-1 DW), total flavonoid (1.28 mg QE g-1 DW), chlorogenic acid content (2.25 % DM), DPPH (92.34 %) and reducing power (2.16) of methanolic extract was observed in heading stage. There was a positive and significant correlation between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Also, the relationship between chlorogenic acid content and DPPH and reducing power was positive and significant. According to the results, the harvesting of artichoke leaves at the heading stage is better than other growth stages due to their favorable characteristics. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

70 - Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Plant Milkweed (Calotropis Procera)
somayeh Gholamshahi ali salehi sardoei

Plants are rich sources of phenolic compounds (flavonoids, tannins and anthocyanins) in the most important natural antioxidants. Dietary antioxidants to protect the body against stress and health are important oxiddative. This study was designed to investigate the quali More

Plants are rich sources of phenolic compounds (flavonoids, tannins and anthocyanins) in the most important natural antioxidants. Dietary antioxidants to protect the body against stress and health are important oxiddative. This study was designed to investigate the quality and quantity of phenolic compounds and antioxidant milkweed plants as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants has been done. After preparing the methanolic extract, the phenol concentration was measured by spectrophotometry and finally, the antioxidant activity of the extract was measured using radical 2 and 2-diphenyl-1-picaril hydrazil (DPPH) method. Analysis of variance was performed using SAS software and the means by Duncan's test at P> 0/05 were compared. The results obtained showed that the phenolic The results showed that, the phenolic and antioxidant compounds in leaf were more than other organs and so higher the Bam region than Jiroft region. The results were the same applies to fruit. But the flowers and sap (latex) more phenolic compounds found in Jiroft native milkweed. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of leaf sap compared with 2/5 times. Latex (sap) Milkweed in Bam and Jiroft region Compared with organs (leaves, flowers, fruits) had the lowest total phenolic compounds. The results of this study medicinal plant milkweed and antioxidant phenolic compounds as natural antioxidants and can be used in pharmaceutical and food industry. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

71 - Evaluation of foliar-applied salicylic acid effect on phytochemical traits of the alcoholic extract from different parts of Verbascum songaricum Schrenk.
Alireza Ghahramani Prof. Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbalouti hamid mozafari Davood Habibi behzad Sani

Verbascum songaricum Schrenk. as a perennial herb belonging to the Scrophulariaceae family has good therapeutic properties. The application of bio-elicitors increases secondary metabolites in sustainable agricultural systems and the improvement of the quality of active More

Verbascum songaricum Schrenk. as a perennial herb belonging to the Scrophulariaceae family has good therapeutic properties. The application of bio-elicitors increases secondary metabolites in sustainable agricultural systems and the improvement of the quality of active ingredients of medicinal plants. In order to evaluate the foliar-applied salicylic acid on phytochemical properties of the leaf and flower of mulch, the present study was done in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) at the field of research center for medicinal plants of Shahrekord during 2016 and 2017. Foliar application of salicylic acid at three levels (control, 0.5 and 1 mM /L) was applied on the flower in three replications in three growth stages of plant. Total phenol content (TPC) in the leaves and flowers was determined by spectrophotometric method and the phenolic acid amount was determined based on gallic acid and flavonoids (flavonol quercetin) in the extracts by HPLC. According to the results, the effect of salicylic acid on the TPC, phenolic acid and flavonoids in the flower (as the main part of plant) extract of the plant was significant. In conclusion, the foliar application of salicylic acid promotes of polyphenolic compounds by 26% in the amount of flavonoids (flavonol quercetin) in flowers and 20% in the amount of phenolic acids (gallic acid) in flowers of Verbascum songaricum. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

72 - (Short Paper) Study on the effect of different concentrations of colchicine on the secondary metabolites production in Linum usitatissimumcalli (Flax)
Raheleh khademian Fatemeh Karimzadeh behnam sedaghati

Abstract In this factorial study in a completely randomized design, the effect of different concentrations of colchicine (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 mg/L) and different time intervals (12, 24 and 48 hours) on the amount of phenol and lignan production was investigated in the More

Abstract In this factorial study in a completely randomized design, the effect of different concentrations of colchicine (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 mg/L) and different time intervals (12, 24 and 48 hours) on the amount of phenol and lignan production was investigated in the callus tissue of Linum usitatissimum L. For callus induction, cotyledon explants were cultured on solid MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/l 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 1 mg/l 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).The total phenolic and lignan contents were measured by spectrophotometric method based on the standard curves of gallic acid and sesamin at 765 and 288 nm, respectively. The highest amount of fresh and dry weight of callus was related to 45 mg/l colchicine treatment. Maximum and minimum levels of lignin in experimental periods were obtained from 15 mg/l (in average 28.4 mg SE/ g DW) and 30 mg/l (in average 19.75 mg SE/ g DW) colchicine, respectively. According to the results, the highest (164 mg GA/g) and lowest (145.6 mg GA/g) levels of total phenol content were observed in 60 and 30 mg/l colchicine treatments, respectively. The results indicated that the production of valuable secondary metabolites such as phenol and lignan in flax callus were increased under some colchicine treatments. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

73 - Phytochemichl and antioxidant analysis of different parts of Citrullus colocynthis L. in different regions from Southeast of Iran
صدیقه اسمعیل زاده بهابادی foroogh yousefzaei

Citrullus colocynthis L. belonging to the cucurbitaceae family, is used to treat many diseases such as inflammation, rheumatism, and diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the total phenol and flavonoids content of different parts (leaf, seed, fruit pulp and pe More

Citrullus colocynthis L. belonging to the cucurbitaceae family, is used to treat many diseases such as inflammation, rheumatism, and diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the total phenol and flavonoids content of different parts (leaf, seed, fruit pulp and peel) of C. colocynthis in Kerman, Iranshahr and Zabol habitats. All plant samples were collected from these habitats during June in 2017. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by using spectrophotometry method. Antioxidant activity of extracts was determined by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) radical scavenging assay. Based on the results, the most phenol content was observed in leaf extract of C. colocynthis in Kerman (52.19 mg/g DW) and Iranshahr (44.86 mg/g DW), respectively. Most of flavonoid content were in leaf of C. colocynthis in Kerman, in addition, it had the highest antioxidant activity (86percentage). The present study shows the potential of C. colocynthis leaf as a pharmaceutical agent and we hope this study encourage further studies to investigate its phytochemistry and pharmacology. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

74 - Variation in the Essential Oil Constituents and Polyphenolic Contents of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge. from Six Populations of Fars Province
sahar yoosefi vahid Rowshan Kambiz Larijani Hasanali Naghdi Badi Ebrahim Saboki

Abstract Satureja is belonging to the family Lamiaceae. Satureja bachtiarica Bunge. is one of the endemic species. In this study, aerial parts of S. bachtiarica were colleted in full flowering stages from six populations of Fars Province and after were dried in laborato More

Abstract Satureja is belonging to the family Lamiaceae. Satureja bachtiarica Bunge. is one of the endemic species. In this study, aerial parts of S. bachtiarica were colleted in full flowering stages from six populations of Fars Province and after were dried in laboratory conditions, the essential oils (EOs) and extracts were obtained by hydrodistillation and macetation methods. Chemical compositions of the EOs were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS and the phenolic contents were determined by HPLC analysis. EO yields were from 1.1 to 2.4 % (w/w) based on dried material. The major constituents of the EOs were thymol ( 10.9-49.8 %), carvacrol (1.1-49.7 %), p-cymene (18.0-32.8 %), γ-terpinene (4.3-7.5 %), linalool (3.3-5.1 %) and caryophyllene oxide (1.6-2.3 %). Among six populations, the EOs from the Kohanjan and Abadeh-Didegan populations had the highest thymol and carvacrol amount (49.8 and 49.7 %), respectively. Narengenin, carvacrol, hesperedin, eugenol, hesperetin, rosmarinic acid and thymol were the main phenolic copmounds in six studied regions. These results showed that variation of ecological characters had effect on quality of S. bachtiarica EOs and extracts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

75 - Effects of different drying methods on drying time and some phytochemical traits of Solidago virgaurea L.
Sepideh Parsafar ghasem eghlima Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili Samad Nejad Ebrahimi Javad Hadian

10.30495/ejmp.2022.1937674.1647

To investigate the effect of different drying methods on the Solidago virgaurea L., an experiment based on a completely randomized design with six treatments and three replications was conducted in 2018 in the Ecophysiology Laboratory of Shahid Beheshti University of Te More

To investigate the effect of different drying methods on the Solidago virgaurea L., an experiment based on a completely randomized design with six treatments and three replications was conducted in 2018 in the Ecophysiology Laboratory of Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran. In this study, aerial parts of S. virgaurea L. was harvested from Sangdeh natural habitat located in Mazandan province at full flowering stage. The drying methods were shade and sun-drying (natural drying), oven-drying (40 and 50 °C), and microwave-drying (550 and 1000 watt). In all methods, drying of the plant materials was continued until the moisture content reached 10% (based on plant fresh weight). Methanolic extract was obtained from the dried samples and some secondary metabolites including content of total phenol, total flavonoid and leiocarposide were measured by Folin-Ciocalteu method, aluminum chloride method, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. The minimum (7 minutes) and maximum (60 hours) drying times were related to 1000 watt microwave drying and shade drying methods, respectively. The highest content of total phenol (30 mg Gallic acid /g DW) in shading drying treatment and the highest content of total flavonoids (7.95 mg Rutin/g DW) and leiocarposide (3.07 mg/g DW) was observed in the oven at 40 °C. In addition, active metabolites content decreased with increasing microwave power and oven temperature. In general, the correct choice of drying method depends on several factors, and among them, the type of active ingredient, optimal energy consumption and cost savings should also be considered. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

76 - Evaluation of physiologicaland phytochemical traits in four different species of Alcea spp. collected from central region of Iran
Bita Sharifi Kramatollah Saeidi Behrouz Shiran Ehsan Shahbazi Zahra Lorigooini Mahshid Rahimifard

10.30495/ejmp.2023.1975643.1712

In view of enriched secondary metabolites in Alcea L., this study was carried out in order to determine and compare thebioactive compounds and their correlation with antioxidant activity in flowers and roots of different species of Alcea Seeds of different ecotypes of A More

In view of enriched secondary metabolites in Alcea L., this study was carried out in order to determine and compare thebioactive compounds and their correlation with antioxidant activity in flowers and roots of different species of Alcea Seeds of different ecotypes of Alcea collected from Isfahan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Lorestan, and Markazi provinces. The study was arranged in a randomized complete block design in the Research Farm of Shahrekord University in summer 2018. Herbarium specimen were prepared and transferred to the Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, and ultimately four different species of A. rufecense, A. schiraziana, A. lavateriflora, and A. rechingeri were identified. Physiological traits including percentage of extract and mucilage of flowers and roots were measured along with phytochemical traits, namely total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity of flowers using spectrophotometry. The results of analysis of variance indicated a significant difference between species and ecotypes (P≤0.01). Results of mean comparisons showed the highest percentage of extract, mucilage, total phenolics, and flavonoids contents were recorded in flowers of A. rufecense species. Also, tthe highest root mucilage and total anthocyanins contents and also the lowest IC50 of the flowers were recorded in A. lavateriflora species. In addition, the highest percentage of flower extract, root mucilage, flower mucilage, and total flavonoid content were observed in Sch6, Rech3, Ruf1, Sch4, respectively. Also, the highest total phenol and anthocyanin content and the lowest IC50 of flowers were observed in Lav4. Findings suggest that physiological and phytochemical studies can be used along with morphological studies for more accurate identification of ecotypes and species. It was also found that this plant is a very rich and affordable source of mucilage and antioxidant compounds, and by choosing the suitable species and ecotype, the highest number of these compounds can be achieved. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

77 - Investigation of effective compounds and antioxidant properties of five cultivar of hops (Humulus Lupulus L.) in different regions of Golestan province
mostafa hamidi saeed navabpour mohsen fathi sadabadi

10.30495/ejmp.2023.1978424.1717

To investigate the effect of the environment on phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant and phytochemical properties of essential oils in five cultivars of hop, in four regions of Golestan province (Gorgan, Aliabad, Galikesh, and Azadshahr), an experiment was co More

To investigate the effect of the environment on phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant and phytochemical properties of essential oils in five cultivars of hop, in four regions of Golestan province (Gorgan, Aliabad, Galikesh, and Azadshahr), an experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications during 2021-2022. Fruit extracts were prepared by soaking method using acetone solvent and the phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant properties were determined via Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride colorimetric, and DPPH method, respectively. Extraction of essential oils from fruit and identification of the compounds in the essential oil were carried out by water distillation method (Clevenger machine) and a gas chromatograph connected to a mass spectrometer (GC/MS), respectively. Overall, 32 compounds were identified, including Beta-acid, Alpha-acid, Co-humulone, total oil, Caryophyllene, Humulene, and Myrcene compounds, as the main components of the essential oil. Cascade cultivar in Gorgan region had the highest rate of phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant activity, which can be related to the climatic conditions of the region and the higher potential of this cultivar. Also, all cultivars in Gorgan region had the highest content of secondary metabolites than others. Among the cultivated cultivars, Cascade and then Centennial had the highest content of secondary metabolites in all cultivation areas. Therefore, in order to achieve higher secondary metabolites, cultivation of Cascade in Gorgan region is recommend. On the other hand, Nugget in Galicash had the lowest content of secondary metabolites, which can be related to its lower potential in production of secondary metabolites and the climatic conditions of Galicash region which is located at a higher altitude and has a negative effect on the production of secondary metabolites. Therefore, considering the effect of different environmental conditions on the medicinal compounds of the species, it is recommended to evaluate the effect of the other factors, including the soil of the habitats. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

78 - Investiganting the effect of methyl jasmonate and titanium dioxide nanoparticles on physiological and phytochemical variations of Rosa damascena. Mill. esential oil
Zahra Allahverdi Mehrab Yadegari Mohammad Moghaddam

10.30495/ejmp.2023.702419

Rosa damascena Mill. belongs to Rosaceae family and is considered as one of the most important medicinal and industrial plant. In the present study, the effects of foliar application of methyl jasmonate and titanium dioxide nanoparticles were investigated on physiologic More

Rosa damascena Mill. belongs to Rosaceae family and is considered as one of the most important medicinal and industrial plant. In the present study, the effects of foliar application of methyl jasmonate and titanium dioxide nanoparticles were investigated on physiological and phytochemical traits of Rosa damascena Mill. in two separate experiments based on a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in Farsan during two growing seasons (2019 and 2020). Foliar application of methyl jasmonate (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 mM) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (0, 100, 200, and 300 mg L-1) was performed three times with 4-day intervals before the flowering stage. Essential oil extraction was done by steam distillation (a clevenger apparatus), phytochemical evaluation was performed using spectrophotometric method, and antioxidant performance was evaluated through DPPH test. Results showed that foliar application of elicitors increased dry weight of leaves and photosynthetic pigments. The phenolic compounds of leaves and petals of R. damascena Mill. also increased in response to applied elicitors and the highest increment was observed in plants treated with 1 mM methyl jasmonate and 100 mg L-1 titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Also the results showed the positive effect of applied treatments on increasing macro (N, P, K and Mg) and micro elements (Fe, Mn, and Zn) in leaves of damask rose. Methyl jasmonate (0.5-1 mM) increased the essential oil content of the treated plants by 34.32%. According to the obtained results, methyl jasmonate applied at concentration of 1 mM is suggested to improve the physiological and phytochemical characteristics of the R. damascena plants. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

79 - Investigation of the effect of habitats height on phytochemical and morphological characteristics of Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Wight. & Arn. - A case study of the habitats of Khuzestan province
Kourosh Zandifar Ali Mehrafarin Hassanali Naghdi Badi Majid Ghorbani Nohooji

10.30495/ejmp.2022.1910878.1601

Ziziphus nummularia is a thorny shrub belonging to the Rhamnaceae family which has a variety of phytochemical compounds. This study was conducted with the aim of phytochemical and morphological evaluation of Z. nummularia populations in different heights of habitats in More

Ziziphus nummularia is a thorny shrub belonging to the Rhamnaceae family which has a variety of phytochemical compounds. This study was conducted with the aim of phytochemical and morphological evaluation of Z. nummularia populations in different heights of habitats in Khuzestan province.The leaves and fruits of Z. nummularia were collected from different heights of natural habitats of Khuzestan province, including altitude groups of 0-200, 200-400, 400-800 and 800-1000 meters above sea level in summer and autumn. The morphological characteristics were measured using accurate measuring tools and also phytochemical characteristics were measured using a Spectrophotometer.The results showed that different morphological and phytochemical traits including leaf length, thorn length, ripe fruit weight, ripe fruit diameter, number of thorns, and also content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins and saponins were significantly different in various habitats of Khuzestan province. Based on the cluster analysis of morphological traits, the trees in habitats with a height of 200-400 m were different from other groups. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that leaf length and width, saponin and phenol content of leaf and fruit, and leaf tannin content were identified as the most important traits with the highest correlation factor for population identification. Altitude above sea level is an important factor that had a significant impact on various morphological and phytochemical traits of Z. nummularia, including the quality and quantity of leaves and fruits. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

80 - Antioxidant Effect optimization of ethanol extract of Cirsium vulgare on oxidative stability of soybean oil and comparison with synthetic antioxidant (BHT)
الهام Azadfar Maryam Sabetghadam زهره Bahrami بیتا Beyzaei

10.30495/jfm.2021.683625

Various factors such as oxygen, light, heat, metal ions and enzymes can affect the oxidative stability of oils and lipids and finally, oxidative rancidity can occur. The application of synthetic antioxidants has been questioned to delay oxidative rancidity due to their More

Various factors such as oxygen, light, heat, metal ions and enzymes can affect the oxidative stability of oils and lipids and finally, oxidative rancidity can occur. The application of synthetic antioxidants has been questioned to delay oxidative rancidity due to their toxicity and carcinogenic probability. This study aims to optimize the oxidant performance of an ethanolic extract of Cirsium vulgare on oxidative stability of soybean oil and compare it with synthetic antioxidants (BHT). In this study, Cirsium vulgare extract was extracted under the influence of concentration (100-300 ppm), duration hours and temperatures . After performing different experiments on the extraction of the best extraction conditions, the best extraction conditions were determined using response surface methodology and extraction in optimum conditions. Data analysis was carried out. The results of the optimization process showed that the oxidative stability of oil showed that; time 24.0 min and concentration 100/01temperature 44/745 were determined. Results showed that the optimum sample of Cirsium vulgare in the stability of soybean oil during storage time was more effective than synthetic antioxidant (BHT), due to higher levels of phenolic compounds and antioxidant present in the optimized sample of Cirsium vulgare. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

81 - مطالعه فارماکوگنوزی، آنالیز شیمیایی و پتانسیل آنتی اکسیدانی گیاه Leucas indica L. (R. Br.)
جاشری جاسوتکار راپالی شیرسات دیپاک کوچی

Background & Aim: Leucas indica L. (R. Br.) is a lesser known aromatic herb of family Lamiaceae. Traditionally it was use to cure cough and cold by tribals of Southern India. The present work was aimed to investigate its pharmacognostic characters, major phytochemic More

Background & Aim: Leucas indica L. (R. Br.) is a lesser known aromatic herb of family Lamiaceae. Traditionally it was use to cure cough and cold by tribals of Southern India. The present work was aimed to investigate its pharmacognostic characters, major phytochemicals and antioxidant potential as possible replacement of its allied members to reduce their exploitation. Experimental: The fine details of stem and leaves of L. indica were noted including vasculature, cortical and epidermal depositions, trichome structure and stomata. The fluorescence analysis of leaf powder was done using various laboratory chemicals and reagents. The methanol leaf extract was analyzed using HPTLC to identify major active compounds and antioxidant potential was studied using standard method. Results: Both simple and glandular trichomes were present on stem as well as leaves. The fluorescence analysis of powdered drug material after interaction with different laboratory chemicals showed distinct colorations. The preliminary analysis revealed the phytochemical richness of the plant. Most phytoconstituents were found to be extracted in methanol solvent. The HPTLC analysis of methanol extract showed presence of a range of phenolics and flavonoids. The chromatogram showed availability of rutin, ferulic acid, catechin and apigenin which makes this plant as a possible antioxidant drug candidate. Recommended applications/industries: The rich chemical diversity of this plant and significant antioxidant potential could be used as good natural source for herbal pharmaceuticals. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

82 - بهینه سازی استخراج ترکیبات فنولیک از گیاه پونه گاوی (Flomidoschema parviflora) با استفاده از دستگاه اولتراسوند
مجتبی حیدری مجد سید علی مرتضوی جواد اصیلی شادی بلوریان محمد آرمین آنا عبدالشاهی

مقدمه و هدف:  با پیشرفت علوم و صنایع غذایی گرایش به جایگزینی افزودنی های طبیعی به جای انواع سنتزی در مواد غذایی &rlm;به وجود آمده است. با توجه به اثرات سوء و نامطلوب آنتی اکسیدان های سنتزی استفاده از آنتی اکسیدان های حاصل از &rlm;منایع طبیعی در چربی ها و روغن های خ More

مقدمه و هدف:  با پیشرفت علوم و صنایع غذایی گرایش به جایگزینی افزودنی های طبیعی به جای انواع سنتزی در مواد غذایی &rlm;به وجود آمده است. با توجه به اثرات سوء و نامطلوب آنتی اکسیدان های سنتزی استفاده از آنتی اکسیدان های حاصل از &rlm;منایع طبیعی در چربی ها و روغن های خوراکی به عنوان یک راه حل منطقی در نظر گرفته می شود. در این پژوهش، &rlm;بهینه سازی استخراج ترکیبات فنولیک از عصاره متانولی 80 درصد گیاه پونه گاوی با استفاده از اولتراسوند و به کمک روش &rlm;سطح پاسخ پرداخته شده است.&rlm;. روش تحقیق:  &rlm;برای بهینه سازی فرآیند در آزمون ها 3 عامل دما (15، 30 و 45 درجه سانتیگراد) ، زمان (15، 35 و 55 دقیقه) و &rlm;pH&rlm; &rlm;&rlm;(6، 7 و 8) هر کدام در 3 سطح مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. این طرح از طریق &rlm;Box-Behnken&rlm; در سه عامل و در سه &rlm;سطح که شامل 17 آزمون است انجام شد. نتایج و بحث: نتایج به دست آمده نشان می دهد که مناسب ترین شرایط برای استخراج &rlm;ترکیبات فنولیک زمان 47 دقیقه، دمای 34 درجه سانتیگراد و 6.6&rlm;pH=&lrm;&rlm; می باشد. &rlm;در بررسی نتایج و روند نمودارها زمان به عنوان موثرترین عامل شناسایی شد. همچنین مقایسه بین دو روش استخراج، یعنی غرقابی و اولتراسوند نشان داد که راندمان استخراج ترکیبات فنولیک در روش اولتراسوند نسبت به روش غرقابی بیشتر است. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: در نهایت عصاره گیری به روش  اولتراسوند ممکن است از نظر کارآیی استخراج مواد فنولیک از گیاه پونه گاوی پیشنهاد می شود.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

83 - ارزیابی تأثیر متغیر های فراصوت بر استخراج ترکیبات فنولی موجود در پوست سبز بادام (Prunus amygdalus)
ویکتوریا مسعودی اعظم اعرابی

مقدمه و هدف: استخراج ترکیبات فنولی از باقی مانده محصولات کشاورزی برای توسعه محصولات با ارزش افزوده مهم است. بادام(Prunusamygdalus)یکی از محصولات کشاورزی بومی کشور است که به مقدار زیاد در کشور پرورش داده می‌شود. در این مطالعه از پوست سبز بادام به عنوان یک محصول More

مقدمه و هدف: استخراج ترکیبات فنولی از باقی مانده محصولات کشاورزی برای توسعه محصولات با ارزش افزوده مهم است. بادام(Prunusamygdalus)یکی از محصولات کشاورزی بومی کشور است که به مقدار زیاد در کشور پرورش داده می‌شود. در این مطالعه از پوست سبز بادام به عنوان یک محصول جانبی که امروزه صرفاً برای تغذیه دام استفاده می‌شود جهت بررسی استخراج ترکیبات فنولیک و خاصیت آنتیاکسیدانی آنها استفاده شده است. روش تحقیق: در این تحقیق استخراج ترکیبات فنولی با استفاده از امواج فراصوت به روش سطح پاسخ و با کمک نرم افزار مینی تب مورد بررسی قرار گرفته و اثر چهار پارامتر دما، زمان تیمار با فراصوت، فرکانس امواج فراصوت و غلظت اتانول هر کدام در پنج سطح بر میزان استخراج ترکیبات فنولی مورد بررسی و بهینه‌سازی قرار گرفت. در نهایت تاثیر نسبت حلال به ماده جامد بر میزان استخراج این ترکیبات بررسی شده م با روش متداول سوکسله مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. نتایج و بحث: نتایج آزمونها بر اساس طراحی انجام شده نشان داد که مقدار بهینه استخراج در شرایطی که اتانول 86 %، دما 50 درجه سانتی‌گراد، زمان 75 دقیقه و فرکانس 163هرتز باشد به‌دست می‌آید. همچنین تأثیر نسبت حلال به ماده جامد (پوست بادام ) در نسبتهای (w/w 1:10، 1:20، 1:30، 1:40) طبق شرایط بهینه به دست آمده در مرحله قبل با امواج فراصوت ارزیابی گردید و ظرفیت آنتیاکسیدانی عصاره های استخراج شده در این شرایط با روش مهار رادیکال آزادDPPHاندازهگیری گردید. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین مقدار ترکیبات فنولیک و ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی در نسبت 40:1 حلال به ماده جامد به ترتیب برابر 19/1134 میلیگرم بر گرم ماده خشک و 42/87 درصد به دست آمد. نتایج این نسبت از حلال و ماده جامد با نتایج بهدست آمده از استخراج ترکیبات فنولیک با روش سوکسله و در حضور اتانول خالص تفاوت معناداری را در ترکیبات فنولیک و ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی آن نشان داد. توصیه‌های کاربردی/ صنعتی:. کاربرد تکنیک‌های جدید از جمله امواج فراصوت در استخراج ترکیبات فنولی از منابع گیاهی می‌تواند راهکار موثری نه تنها برای افزایش میزان استخراج این ترکیبات باشد بلکه به دلیل زمان کوتاهتر، آسیب کمتری نیز به این ترکیبات وارد می‌شود. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

84 - بررسی محتوای فنلی، فلاونوئیدی و توانایی آنتی اکسیدانی برگ، گل، دانه ‏ و اسانس گیاه دارویی اسطوخودوس Lavandula officinalis در مقایسه با آنتی اکسیدان های سنتزی
شاهین مردانی نژاد

10.30495/medherb.2022.693918

Background & Aim: Lavandula officinalis is one of great importance due to its aromatic compounds and medicinal uses but not many studies have been done on the antioxidant power of different plant organs.Experimental: Antioxidant ability of Lavender leaves, flowers, More

Background & Aim: Lavandula officinalis is one of great importance due to its aromatic compounds and medicinal uses but not many studies have been done on the antioxidant power of different plant organs.Experimental: Antioxidant ability of Lavender leaves, flowers, seeds and essential oil based on inhibition of free radicals and nitric oxide, inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation by ferric thiocyanate and inhibition of malondialdehyde by thiobarbituric acid in compare with synthetic antioxidants Butyl Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) and Butyl Hydroxy Anisole (BHA) were measured.Results: The phenolic and flavonoid content of the leaf was 96.49±6.35 (µg gallic acid per mg dry weight of the extract) and 39.97±3.36 (µg of catechins per mg dry weight of the extract) respectively, more than other samples. In the study of antioxidant power, plant leaf extract with 48.66±5.5 μg was able to inhibit 50% of DPPH radicals, which had a weaker ability than synthetic antioxidants. The leaf extract of the plant had a higher ability than the synthetic antioxidant BHA to inhibit nitric oxide radicals and its ability was as high as BHT. The ability to inhibit the linoleic acid peroxidation of leaf and flower extracts at the beginning of the functional test showed similar BHT and BHA, at the end, the ability of leaf extract was stronger than BHA and weaker than BHT. The inhibitory potential of malondialdehyde leaf extract (82.66±1.5%) was better than BHA and weaker than BHT. Pearson correlation coefficients between phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of samples were high. Examination of leaf essential oil using GC-MS technique showed the presence of phenolic compounds in the plant.Recommended applications/industries: Due to the dangers of synthetic antioxidants in the food industry, the results of this study could introduce another application of this plant in terms of strong antioxidant properties. Manuscript profile

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85 - ارزیابی فعالیت ضدباکتریایی عصاره بخش های مختلف گیاه رازیانه
آذین غفاری زاده سید منصور سیدنژاد حسین معتمدی فاطمه شهبازی

مقدمه و هدف: رازیانه یک گیاه دارویی و آروماتیک است. آزمایش‌های مختلف پزشکی در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و در شرایط زنده به طور متقاعدکننده‌ای توانایی ضد قارچی ، ضد باکتریایی، آنتی اکسیدانی، ضدترومبوز و فعالیت محافظتی در کبد را نشان داده است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی فعالیت ضد باک More

مقدمه و هدف: رازیانه یک گیاه دارویی و آروماتیک است. آزمایش‌های مختلف پزشکی در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و در شرایط زنده به طور متقاعدکننده‌ای توانایی ضد قارچی ، ضد باکتریایی، آنتی اکسیدانی، ضدترومبوز و فعالیت محافظتی در کبد را نشان داده است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی فعالیت ضد باکتریایی عصاره های رازیانه بر روی باکتری‌های بیماری-زا است. روش تحقیق: به این منظور عصاره‌های اتانولی، متانولی و استونی (از طریق روش خیساندن) بر روی بخش‌های مختلف رازیانه (گل، برگ و میوه) آماده شد و فعالیت آن‌ها بر روی برخی گونه‌های باکتریایی گرم مثبت (استافیلوکوکوس آرئوس، باسیلوس سرئوس) و گرم منفی (سودوموناس آئروژینوزا، اشرشیاکلای) از طریق روش استاندارد دیسک دیفوژن امتحان شدند. نتایج: یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهند که حساس‌ترین باکتری نسبت به عصاره استافیلوکوکوس آرئوس و مقاوم‌ترین باکتری سودوموناس آئروژینوزا می‌باشد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که در مورد گل رازیانه عصاره متانولی و استونی به ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین خاصیت ضد باکتریایی را دارند و عصاره اتانولی برگ رازیانه بیشترین خاصیت ضد باکتریایی را دارا هستند و در مورد میوه رازیانه عصاره متانولی و استونی به ترتیب حداکثر و حداقل فعالیت ضد باکتریایی را دارد. در کل نتیجه این مطالعه نشان می‌دهد که عصاره گل رازیانه نسبت به بقیه اجزا رازیانه خصوصیات ضد باکتریایی بیشتری دارد.توصیه‌های کاربردی/ صنعتی: مکانیسم عمل رازیانه به علت حضور ترکیبات فنولی و ترپنوئیدی است. این ترکیبات به طور بالقوه بر روی نفوذپذیری غشای باکتری‌ها اثر می‌گذارد و در نتیجه باعث مرگ سلول می‌شود. بنابراین عصاره رازیانه می‌تواند برای کنترل باکتری‌های مقاوم به چندین آنتی‌بیوتیک مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile

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86 - خواص آنتی اکسیدانی میوه توت فرنگی (Fragaria vesca L) در دو مرحله تکوینی رسیده و نارس
گیتا امینی سعید ایریان احمد مجد صدیقه مهربان

مقدمه و هدف: توت فرنگی (Fragaria vesca L.) گیاهی از خانواده گل سرخ (Rosaceae) است که خواص پزشکی دارد. از جمله می توان به خواص آنتی اکسیدانی آن اشاره کرد. پژوهش کنونی با هدف بررسی خواص آنتی اکسیدانی میوه توت فرنگی است. روش تحقیق: به منظور بررسی اثر آنتی اکسیدانی ، عصاره More

مقدمه و هدف: توت فرنگی (Fragaria vesca L.) گیاهی از خانواده گل سرخ (Rosaceae) است که خواص پزشکی دارد. از جمله می توان به خواص آنتی اکسیدانی آن اشاره کرد. پژوهش کنونی با هدف بررسی خواص آنتی اکسیدانی میوه توت فرنگی است. روش تحقیق: به منظور بررسی اثر آنتی اکسیدانی ، عصاره های میوه در دو مرحله تکوینی از رشد (رسیده و نارس) تهیه شد. به علاوه از 4 حلال مختلف استفاده شد که شامل اتانول 80%، متانول 80%، استون و آب مقطر بودند. در مجموع 8 عصاره گیاهی مختلف تهیه شد و خواص آنها با هم مقایسه شد. برای بررسی اثر آنتی اکسیدانی، از روش تعیین قدرت احیا کنندگی و فری سیانید پتاسیم استفاده شد. نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد که میوه توت فرنگی در هر دو مرحله خواص آنتی اکسیدانی دارد  ولی خواص آنتی اکسیدانی در میوه رسیده  نسبت به میوه نارس بیشتر بود که به واسطه وجود ترکیبات فنولی و میزان رنگیزه های بالاتر در آن می باشد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان داد که خواص آنتی اکسیدانی میوه رسیده از نارس بیشتر می باشد. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

87 - ارزیابی مقایسه ای روشهای مختلف استخراج برای سنجش فیتوشیمیایی و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی ریشه های Valeriana officinalis
الناز حسینی نیا سیمین عربی ملک حکمتی

Background & Aim:Medicinal plants are rich sources of substances with nutraceutical and health benefits. Valeriana officinalis L. (Valerianaceae) is a known medicinal plant used in traditional medicine throughout the world. The present study aimed to More

Background & Aim:Medicinal plants are rich sources of substances with nutraceutical and health benefits. Valeriana officinalis L. (Valerianaceae) is a known medicinal plant used in traditional medicine throughout the world. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficiencies of three methods for antioxidant extraction from Valeriana officinalis, and the impact of extraction methods on total phenollic and flavonoids contents and antioxidant activities of valeriana root was studied. Experimental: The dried-root was extracted by three different methods including maceration, ultrasonic assisted, and Soxhlet assisted extraction. Antioxidant capacity of the extracts was assessed using DPPH and nitric oxide (NO) free radicals scavenging, reducing power and iron chelating activity. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also identified. Results: The ultrasonic extract showed the highest amount of total phenolics and flavonoids contents. In DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power assay, the ultrasonic assisted extract, (IC50=0.546 mg/ml) showed higher activity than the other extracts. In DPPH radical scavenging activity, IC50 for ultrasonic extract, soxhlet assisted extraction and maceration extract were 0.546, 0.816 and 0.678 mg/ml, respectively. The results clearly showed that the extraction methods used in this study significantly affected antioxidant capacities and total phenolic and flavonoids contents. It was found that ultrasonic assisted extraction and Soxhlet methods are more efficient in extraction of antioxidant components from Valeriana officinalis L. Recommended applications/industries: Considering result of study, it can be inferred that the herb may be a good source of bioactive compounds and can work as an antioxidant to prevent the oxidative deteriorative activity of food materials. Manuscript profile

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88 - فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی، ترکیبات پلی فنولی و همبستگی بین آنها در کاسبرگ گیاه چای ترش
حکیمه علومی شهریار شاکری مجید بهزادی

مقدمه و هدف: عصاره کاسبرگ چای ترش غنی از ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی طبیعی می‌باشد. در این پژوهش بررسی همبستگی فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی و ترکیبات فنولی گیاه چای ترش مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. روش تحقیق: محتوای ترکیبات فنولی کل، فلاونوئیدها و آنتوسیانین ها بصورت اسپکتروفتومتری بررسی More

مقدمه و هدف: عصاره کاسبرگ چای ترش غنی از ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی طبیعی می‌باشد. در این پژوهش بررسی همبستگی فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی و ترکیبات فنولی گیاه چای ترش مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. روش تحقیق: محتوای ترکیبات فنولی کل، فلاونوئیدها و آنتوسیانین ها بصورت اسپکتروفتومتری بررسی شد. فعالیت آنزیم های کاتالاز و پروکسیداز در میلی گرم پروتئین محاسبه شد. فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره بر اساس روش فسفومولیبدات، درصد مهارDPPH و قدرت احیا فریک مورد بررسی قرارگرفت. نتایج و بحث: کاسبرگ چای ترش غنی از ترکیبات فنولی، فلاونوئیدها و آنتوسیانین می‌باشد. فعالیت کاتالاز و پراکسیداز معادل 13/3 و 05/0 واحد در میلی گرم پروتئین بود. بر اساس روش DPPH فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره کاسبرگ بسیار بالا می‌باشد. آزمون همبستگی بین پارامترهای مورد بررسی انجام شد. نتایج همبستگی وجود رابطه بین محتوای ترکیبات فنولی، فلاونوئیدها، آنتوسیانین‌ها و ظرفیت انتی اکسیدانی کاسبرگ گیاه چای ترش را در سطح احتمال 5%  تایید می‌کند. توصیه‌های کاربردی: عصاره کاسبرگ چای ترش غنی از ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی شامل ترکیبات فنولی، فلاونوئیدها و آنتوسیانین می‌باشد. براساس روش های سنجش ظرفت آنتی اکسیدانی، کاسبرگ‌ها فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی قابل قبولی دارند. بنابراین، عصاره این گیاه بعنوان منبع طبیعی ترکیبات اکسیدان قابل استفاده در صنایع غذایی و داروی گیاهی معرفی می‌گردد. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

89 - بهینه سازی استخراج ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی از پوسته بادام با روش سطح پاسخ
غلامرضا ایسپره فاطمه نجاتی مریم جعفری

10.14196/JHD.2018.133

مقدمه وهدف: استخراج ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدان طبیعی اخیرا توجه محققان مختلف را به خود جلب کرده است. بادام از جمله محصولات بومی ایران است که سالیانه حجم زیادی از ضایعات در طی تولید و فرآوری آن حاصل میشود. هدف از تحقیق حاضر، بررسی عوامل زمان و درصد حلال (اتانول) بر میزان More

مقدمه وهدف: استخراج ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدان طبیعی اخیرا توجه محققان مختلف را به خود جلب کرده است. بادام از جمله محصولات بومی ایران است که سالیانه حجم زیادی از ضایعات در طی تولید و فرآوری آن حاصل میشود. هدف از تحقیق حاضر، بررسی عوامل زمان و درصد حلال (اتانول) بر میزان استخراج ترکیبات فنولی و خواص آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره استخراج شده از پوست بادام با کمک روش اولتراسوند و بهینه سازی شرایط استخراج با استفاده از روش RSM است. روش تحقیق: پوسته سبز بادام به پودر تبدیل شد و به منظور استخراج به نسبت 1:20 با حلال (اتانول-آب) مخلوط و در دمای 35 درجه سانتیگراد تحت تاثیر امواج اولتراسوند برای مدت زمان کافی قرار داده شد. به منظور بهینه سازی فرایند دو فاکتور زمان (در سه سطح شامل 30، 45 و 60 دقیقه) و غلظت اتانول (در سه سطح شامل 0، 35 و 70%) در نرم افزار Design Expert وارد و درنهایت 13 آزمون برای استخراج عصاره طراحی شد. در ادامه غلظت ترکیبات فنولیک کل با روش فولین سیوکالتیو و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی باروش  DPPHاندازهگیری شد. نتایج وبحث: براساس نتایج حاصل از بهینه سازی، شرایط نقطه بهینه برای حداکثر استخراج ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی، شامل 74/35دقیقه زمان استخراج و استفاده از حلا لی حاوی 69/43درصد اتانول پیش بینی شد. تحت این شرایط بهینه، حداکثر فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی19/47 درصد و غلظت ترکیبات فنولیک کل 917/ (mg/ml) بدست آمد. مقایسه نتایج پیش بینی شده توسط نرم افزار و مقادیر تجربی نشان داد که مدل از دقت کافی برای پیش بینی نقطه بهینه برخوردار است. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: این پژوهش نشان داد که پوسته سبز بادام میتواند بعنوان یک منبع ارزان و قابل دسترس برای استخراج ترکیبات با فعالیت آنتیاکسیدانی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. همچنین، این تحقیق نشان داد اولتراسوند روش مناسبی در تسریع استخراج ترکیبات آنتیاکسیدانی می باشد. Manuscript profile

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90 - The Influences of Adding Polyethylene Glycol and Activated Sodium Bentonite on the Performance, Blood Parameters, and Muscle Mineral Content of Saanen Goats Fed Pistachio Byproducts
M. Kordi A.A. Naserian F. Samadian

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91 - Comparative Analysis of Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Effect of Seed Coat Extracts of Four Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Varieties on Broiler Meat
K.D. Adeyemi A.O. Olorunsanya

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92 - ترکیب شیمیایی، پروفیل اسیدهای چرب و ارزش زیستی تانن در هسته‌های خرمای منتخب در ایران
آ. رضایی‌نیا ع.ع. ناصریان ا. مختارپور

این مطالعه به منظور بررسی ترکیب شیمیایی و پروفایل اسیدهای چرب هستههای شش واریته غالب خرما پرورش یافته در ایران شامل برهی، استعمران، مضافتی، خاصی، خرک و زاهدی و اثرات زیستی تانن آنها به صورت تولید گاز در شرایط برون تنی انجام گرفت. قابلیت هضم ماده آلی (OMD)، انرژی قا More

این مطالعه به منظور بررسی ترکیب شیمیایی و پروفایل اسیدهای چرب هستههای شش واریته غالب خرما پرورش یافته در ایران شامل برهی، استعمران، مضافتی، خاصی، خرک و زاهدی و اثرات زیستی تانن آنها به صورت تولید گاز در شرایط برون تنی انجام گرفت. قابلیت هضم ماده آلی (OMD)، انرژی قابل متابولیسم (ME) و غلظت اسیدهای چرب کوتاه زنجیر (SCFA) پس از 24 ساعت کشت با و بدون استفاده از پلی اتیلن گلیکول (PEG) تخمین زده شدند. نتایج نشان داد که تمام واریتههای هسته خرما حاوی مقادیر بالای فیبر نامحلول در شوینده خنثی (NDF)، عصاره اتری و کل ترکیبات فنولی بودند که دامنه تغییر آنها به ترتیب برابر با 689 تا 782، 82 تا 118 و 41 تا 110 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک بود. ولی، دارای سطوح پایین پروتئین خام (50 تا 69 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) و خاکستر (10 تا 26 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) بودند. کروماتوگرافی گازی نشان داد که اسید چرب غیر اشباع اصلی اسید اولئیک (13/40 تا 35/46 گرم در 100 گرم اسید چرب) بود، درحالی که اسید چرب اشباع اصلی اسید لوریک (96/20 تا 25/26 گرم در 100 گرم اسید چرب) بود. بجز استعمران، همه واریتهها دارای OMD (کمتر از 334 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) و ME (کمتر از 1/4 مگاژول در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) پایین بودند. استفاده از PEG حجم گاز تولیدی، OMD، ME و SCFA را افزایش داد (05/0P<) که نشان دهنده اثر ممانعت کنندگی تاننهای هسته خرما بر تخمیر میکروبی است. کل تانن با ارزش تغذیهای (OMD و ME) هستههای خرما همبستگی منفی داشت. میتوان نتیجهگیری کرد که با وجود قابلیت هضم و انرژی قابل متابولیسم پایین، هسته خرما بدلیل وجود مقادیر زیاد کربوهیدرات ساختمانی و عصاره اتری ممکن است به عنوان منبع دیگری از خوراک تلقی گردد. Manuscript profile

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93 - اثر مکمل‌سازی با نسبت مختلف از مخلوط کنسانتره و برگ اقاقیا تیمار نشده یا تیمار شده با هیدروکسید کلسیم بر مصرف خوراک، قابلیت هضم، ابقا مواد مغذی و پارامترهای تخمیر شکمبه‌ای بز Bale-Arsi تغذیه شده با جیره پایه علوفه گراس
م. بایسا ت. نگس آ. تولرا

آزمایشی به منظور بررسی اثر جایگزینی یک مکمل کنسانتره با جیرههای پایه برگ اقاقیا در گراس Rhodes (Chlorisgayana) تیمار نشده و یا تیمار شده با هیدروکسید کلسیم (3 درصد وزنی/وزنی) بر مصرف خوراک، قابلیت هضم، ابقا مواد مغذی و پارامترهای تخمیر شکمبه با 54 بز نر یک ساله نژا More

آزمایشی به منظور بررسی اثر جایگزینی یک مکمل کنسانتره با جیرههای پایه برگ اقاقیا در گراس Rhodes (Chlorisgayana) تیمار نشده و یا تیمار شده با هیدروکسید کلسیم (3 درصد وزنی/وزنی) بر مصرف خوراک، قابلیت هضم، ابقا مواد مغذی و پارامترهای تخمیر شکمبه با 54 بز نر یک ساله نژاد Arsi-Bale (وزن بدن 9/1±78/13 کیلوگرم و سن 12 ماه) انجام شد. آزمایش به مدت 84 روز در قالب طرح فاکتوریل 2 × 5 (فاکتور 1 تیمار قلیایی برگها (تیمار یا تیمار نشده) و فاکتور 2 پنج سطح برگ در مخلوط کنسانتره) انجام شد. تیمارهای جیرهای شامل: 0UL-: علوفه + 300 گرم مخلوط کنسانتره؛ 25UL-: علوفه + 225 گرم کنسانتره و 75 گرم برگ خشک تیمار نشده، 50UL-: علوفه + 150 گرم کنسانتره و 150 گرم برگ خشک تیمار نشده؛ 75UL-: علوفه + 75 گرم کنسانتره و 225 گرم برگ خشک تیمار نشده؛ 100UL-: علوفه + 300 گرم برگهای خشک تیمار نشده؛ 0TL-: علوفه + 300 گرم کنسانتره؛ 25TL-: علوفه + 225 گرم کنسانتره و 75 گرم برگ خشک تیمار شده؛ 50TL-: علوفه + 150 گرم کنسانتره و 150 گرم برگهای خشک تیمار شده؛ 75TL-: علوفه + 75 گرم کنسانتره و 225 گرم برگ های خشک تیمار شده و 100TL-: علوفه + 300 گرم برگهای خشک تیمار شده بودند. هر دو تیمار هیدروکسید کلسیم و جایگزینی بخشی از مخلوط کنسانتره با پودر برگ اقاقیا (ALM) به طور معنیداری (05/0>P) مقدار عصاره اتری (EE)، فنل کل (TP)، تانن کل (TT) و محتویات CT جیرههای غذایی را کاهش داد. در حالی که، غلظت جیرهای خاکستر، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی (ADF)، لیگنین نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی (ADL) و کلسیم (Ca)؛ مصرف ماده خشک (DM)، پروتئین خام (CP)، فیبر نامحلول در شوینده خنثی (NDF)، نیتروژن، کلسیم و فسفر؛ قابلیت هضم DM، ماده آلی (OM)، CP و NDF؛ غلظت نیتروژن آمونیاکی شکمبه و pH مایع شکمبه به طور معنیداری (05/0>P) توسط تیمار قلیایی و جایگزینی نسبی افزایش یافت. به طور کلی نتایج قابل مقایسه مصرف خوراک، هضم و توازن مواد مغذی زمانی مشاهده شدند که کنسانتره در جیرهها با ALM تیمار شده به مقدار 75 درصد جایگزین شد و تیمار نشده 50 درصد به ترتیب اهمیت در برابر پودر برگ تیمار نشده مشاهده شد. میتوان نتیجهگیری نمود که که جایگزینی بخشی از پودر برگ اقاقیا در مخلوط کنسانتره همراه با تیمار هیدروکسید کلسیم در سطح 75 درصد حداکثر منافع را برای بزها نسبت به سطوح دیگر از برگهای تیمار نشده و یا تیمار شده دارد. Manuscript profile

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94 - The effect of rootstocks on the peel phenolic compounds, cartenoids, chlorophylls and ethylene of Younesi tangerine (Citrus reticulata).
Behzad Babazadeh Darjazi

10.30495/ijpp.2018.539177

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95 - Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Increase Resistance of L. iberica to Drought Stress due to Increased Accumulation of Protective Antioxidants
Niloufar Shoarian Rashid Jamei Bahman Pasban Eslam Seyed Yahya Salehi Lisar

10.30495/ijpp.2020.1901976.1233

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96 - The role of phenolic compounds in growth improvement of cultured tobacco cells after exposure to 2-D clinorotation
Maryam Soleimani Faezeh Ghanati Zahra Hajebrahimi

10.30495/ijpp.2019.668858

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97 - Effects of exogenous salicylic acid on antioxidative responses, phenolic metabolism and photochemical activity of strawberry under salt stress
Soheila Samadi Ghader Habibi Atousa Vaziri

10.30495/ijpp.2019.545950

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98 - Differential responses of phenolic compounds of Brassica napus under drought stress.
Maryam Rezayian Vahid Niknam Hassan Ebrahimzadeh

10.30495/ijpp.2018.540887

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99 - Morpho-phytochemical attributes of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench exposed to salicylic acid and citric acid
Seied Mehdi Miri Leila Badri Pezhman Moradi

10.30495/ijpp.2022.697293

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100 - Physiological and biochemical changes of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars during different growth stages
Alireza Khedri Behzad Sani behnam Zand Hamid Mozafari Payam Moavni

10.30495/ijpp.2022.1948975.1396

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101 - Hydrogen peroxide promotes metabolic changes and alleviates effects of static magnetic field on tobacco cells
Faezeh Ghanati Farzaneh Mohammadi Mohsen Sharifi Mohammad Pormehr Abazar Hajnorouzi Atefeh Payez

10.30495/ijpp.2021.1935207.1342

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102 - The comparison of the antioxidant capacity of methanolic and ethanolic extracts of the two species of Lamiaceae (Thymus migricus L. &Origanum vulgar
Afsaneh Amjadipoor Siyavash Hoseini Sarghin Rashid Jamei Naseh Abdollahzade

10.30495/ijpp.2022.1893379.1203

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103 - Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of fruit and leaf of Bene (Pistacia atlantica subsp. Kurdica) in Ilam province .
Parviz Malekzadeh Ali Asghar Hatamnia Hatamnia Khoshnood Nourollahi

10.30495/ijpp.2015.539646

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104 - Effect of UV-B radiation on photosynthetic pigments and UV-absorbing compounds of three different soybean cultivars (Glycine max L.).
Farin Nouri Siavash Hosseini Sarghein Rashid Jamei

10.30495/ijpp.2015.539652

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105 - اثر پوشش خاک بر عملکرد و برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis L.) تحت محلول پاشی برگی متانول
لامیا وجودی محمدباقر حسن پور اقدم رعنا ولی زاده کامران اصغر ابراهیم زاده

به منظور بررسی تاثیر محلولپاشی با متانول (0، 10، 20 و30 درصد) و خاکپوش (شاهد، خاکپوش سفید و سیاه) بر عملکرد و برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک گل همیشه بهار آزمایشی  به صورت طرح فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی اجرا شد. نتایج نشان دهنده وجود اثر متقابل معن More

به منظور بررسی تاثیر محلولپاشی با متانول (0، 10، 20 و30 درصد) و خاکپوش (شاهد، خاکپوش سفید و سیاه) بر عملکرد و برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک گل همیشه بهار آزمایشی  به صورت طرح فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی اجرا شد. نتایج نشان دهنده وجود اثر متقابل معنیدار خاکپوش و محلول پاشی بر محتوای کلروفیل a و ارتفاع گیاه بود. نتایج نشان داد که بالاترین ارتفاع گیاه از تیمار خاکپوش سیاه × متانول (به غیر از سطح محلول پاشی 30 %) به دست آمد. بیشترین میزان کلروفیل a (3/2 میلی گرم بر گرم وزن تر) در ترکیب تیماری خاکپوش سیاه × 30 % متانول حاصل شد. محتوای کلروفیل b  تحت تاثیر خاکپوش قرار گرفت و بالاترین مقدار کلروفیلb  در تیمار خاکپوش سیاه (1/1 میلی گرم بر گرم وزن تر) مشاهده شد. وزن خشک گل، برگ، محتوای مواد جامد محلول و آب نسبی برگ تحت تاثیر جداگانه تیمار خاکپوش و محلول پاشی قرار گرفت. بالاترین میزان وزن خشک گل (116 گرم) در تیمار محلول پاشی 30 % و خاکپوش سیاه (103 گرم) ثبت شد. بیشترین میزان آب نسبی برگ  (7/49 %)، مواد جامد محلول (120 درجه بریکس) در تیمار محلول پاشی 30%  متانول و خاکپوش سیاه مشاهده شد. بیشترین وزن خشک ریشه (23/15 گرم) و محتوای فنل کل (05/95 میلی گرم گالیک اسید بر گرم وزن خشک) از تیمار خاکپوش سیاه به دست آمد. Manuscript profile

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106 - تاثیر منابع کود نیتروژنه بر عملکرد و ویژگی‌های کیفی گل داوودی
لمیا وجودی مهربانی

به منظور بررسی تاثیر کود نیتروژنه بر رشد گیاه، آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی شامل دو رقم داودی (’فرد‘ و ’آنجل‘) و دو منبع کودی: اوره (750 و 1500 گرم بر هکتار) و نیتروکسین (75/0 و 5/1 لیتر بر هکتار) به همراه تیمار شاهد در سه تکر More

به منظور بررسی تاثیر کود نیتروژنه بر رشد گیاه، آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی شامل دو رقم داودی (’فرد‘ و ’آنجل‘) و دو منبع کودی: اوره (750 و 1500 گرم بر هکتار) و نیتروکسین (75/0 و 5/1 لیتر بر هکتار) به همراه تیمار شاهد در سه تکرار اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین میزان کاروتنوئید گلبرگ و وزن خشک ریشه در تیمار 5/1 لیتر نیتروکسین و کمترین میزان فنل کل در تیمار شاهد در رقم ’آنجل‘ مشاهده شد. بالاترین میزان کلروفیل a  در تیمارهای  نیتروکسین (5/1 لیتر) در رقم ’فرد‘ و اوره (1500 گرم بر هکتار) در رقم ’آنجل‘ مشاهده شد. کمترین میزان کلروفیل b در تیمار 1500 گرم بر هکتار اوره در رقم ’آنجل‘ مشاهده شد. افزایش در وزن خشک ساقه (5/1 لیتر نیتروکسین و 1500 گرم بر هکتار اوره) در رقم ’فرد‘ مشاهده شد. بیشترین میزان آنتوسیانین (3/19 میکرومول بر گرم وزن تر) در رقم (آنجل) ثبت شد. محتوای آنتوسیانین همچنین تحت تاثیر  و تیمار کودی (1500 گرم بر هکتار و اوره (2/19 میکرومول بر گرم وزن تر ) و 15 لیتر در هکتار نیتروکسین (4/18 میکرومول بر گرم وزنتر) تاثیر معنی داری در محتوای آنتوسیانین نمونه‌ها داشت. با افزایش میزان کود در هر دو منبع کودی افزایش در وزن تر گل، وزن تر ریشه و تعداد شاخه مشاهده شد. Manuscript profile

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107 - NanoTiO2, Quantum dot-Graphene Oxide, and CeO2 Foliar Prescription Meliorates Growth and Some Physiological Traits of Gazania (Gazania splendens L.) Under Salinity
Lamia Vojodi Mehrabani Asghar Ebrahimzadeh Mina Tontab Ghadimi Mohammad Bagher Hassanpouraghdam Farzad Rasoli

The production and maintenance of ornamental plants are closely related to the high consumption of fresh water. Today, due to the limited water resources, we have to water plants with salt water sources. To evaluate the effects of foliar application of nano TiO2, CeO2, More

The production and maintenance of ornamental plants are closely related to the high consumption of fresh water. Today, due to the limited water resources, we have to water plants with salt water sources. To evaluate the effects of foliar application of nano TiO2, CeO2, and quantum dot-graphene oxide (zero and 1.5 mg/L) and NaCl salinity stress (0, 75, 150 mM) on Gazania splendens L.; a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design. The results revealed that plant dry weight, flower number, proline and flavonoids content, antioxidant enzymes activity, MDA, H2O2, Na, N, and P content were influenced by the interaction effects of experimental treatments. The highest leaf dry weight, flower number, and N content were recorded at no-salinity × quantum dot-graphene oxide. The highest data for Na content, ion leakage (56.6%), H2O2 (246 nmol/mg FW), malondialdehyde (37 nmol/mg FW), and proline (1.1nmol/mg FW) content were recorded at NaCl150 mM × no-foliar spray. 150 mM salinity stress × quantum dot-graphene oxide increased catalase activity (8.9 µmol/g FW) in the plant. Superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase activity were influenced by NaCl150 mM × quantum dot-graphene oxide and TiO2 foliar spray. Chlorophyll index, total phenolics, and K/Na ratio were responded to the simple effects of salinity and foliar application. The top ratio of K/Na and chlorophyll index was recorded at quantum dot-graphene oxide foliar spray. 75 and 150 mM salinity improved phenolics content in plants. Foliar spray with all nanoparticles increased phenolics content. The overall results showed that salinity had adverse effects on the growth and physiological characteristics of Gazania splendens. Foliar treatments under 150 mM salinity stress; promisingly influenced the antioxidant enzymes activity and root dry weight of plants. All in all, Gazania splendens can tolerate up to 75 mM NaCl salinity stress without a remarkable decline in growth and physiological attributes. Manuscript profile

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108 - تاثیر محلول پاشی سولفات روی بر ویژگی‌های رشدی، محتوای فنل کل و اسانس شعمدانی عطری
لامیا وجودی مهربانی محمدباقر حسن پور اقدم اصغر ابراهیم زاده رعنا ولی زاده کامران

شعمدانی عطری از گیاهان دائمی و همیشه سبز است که به عنوان گیاهی معطر در فضای سبز استفاده می‌شود. برگ‌ها، شاخساره‌های سبز و گل‌های تازه گیاه حاوی اسانس است. اسانس این گیاه دارای اثرات ضد باکتری، ضد قارچ، حشره کشی و آنتی اکسیدانی است. به منظور مطالعه تاثیر محلول پاشی برگی More

شعمدانی عطری از گیاهان دائمی و همیشه سبز است که به عنوان گیاهی معطر در فضای سبز استفاده می‌شود. برگ‌ها، شاخساره‌های سبز و گل‌های تازه گیاه حاوی اسانس است. اسانس این گیاه دارای اثرات ضد باکتری، ضد قارچ، حشره کشی و آنتی اکسیدانی است. به منظور مطالعه تاثیر محلول پاشی برگی سولفات روی (0، 1000، 2000، 3000  و 4000 میلی گرم در لیتر) بر رشد رویشی و برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیک شعمدانی عطری آزمایش گلدانی طی سال 2015 در دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان طراحی شد. نتایج نشان داد که رشد رویشی شعمدانی (ارتفاع گیاه، وزن تر و خشک) شدیدا تحت تاثیر محلول پاشی سولفات روی قرار گرفت. محلول پاشی برگی سولفات روی موجب افزایش ارتفاع گیاه (در غلظت 2000 میلی گرم در لیتر)، محتوای کلروفیل کل، کلروفیل a ، b و کاروتنوئید شد. محتوای اسانس نمونه تحت تاثیر محلول پاشی سولفات روی قرار نگرفت. محلول پاشی برگی سولفات روی تاثیر معنی‌داری روی محتوای فنل کل، آنتوسیانین (در غلظت 1000 و 2000 میلی گرم در لیتر) و فلاونوئید کل (در غلظت 2000 میلی گرم در لیتر) داشت. Manuscript profile

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109 - Investigating the effect of the pesticide obtained from straw by the pyrolysis process on the Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pectobacterium carotovorum microorganisms and the Macrophomina phaseolina fungus
Fatemeh Khojastehrad Mortaza Gholizadeh Reza Khakvar

10.30495/jacr.2023.1972549.2065

In this research, the possibility of producing pesticide from straw by using pyrolysis process at 500 °C was investigated. In the pyrolysis products, compounds such as phenol and carboxylic acid as well as highly polar fatty acids such as hexadecanoide and octadecan More

In this research, the possibility of producing pesticide from straw by using pyrolysis process at 500 °C was investigated. In the pyrolysis products, compounds such as phenol and carboxylic acid as well as highly polar fatty acids such as hexadecanoide and octadecanoide were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. The separation of these compounds during bio-oil production can provide a source of effective pesticide compounds. Therefore, the aqueous parts of the bio-oil of straw were separated. After optimizing the extraction of pesticide in water, its pesticidal properties was investigated on the Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pectobacterium carotovorum microorganisms, and the Macrophomina phaseolina by the direct agar disk method. On Pectobacterium carotoverum, larger halo radii were formed by the pesticide with 0.57 weight percentage, which indicates the greater inhibitory property of this weight percentage of the pesticide. By using a high-performance liquid chromatography device, it was determined that the aqueous parts contain many phenolic compounds. So, it can be concluded that the aqueous extract extracted from straw bio-oil can be a pesticide with the potential to replace artificial and synthetic pesticides. Manuscript profile

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110 - Chemotaxonomy of Wild Lamiaceae taxa Based on Their Flavonoids Profiles
Elham Faryabi Mitra Noori Amir Mousavi Aliashraf Jafari

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111 - The effects of organic and chemical fertilizers on some morphological and physiological traits of Petroselinum crispum
lamia Vojodi Mehrabani

In order to study the effects of different levels (control, 5 and 10 ton/ha) of organic fertilizers vermicompost and poultrary mannur and different levels of chemical fertilizer (KNO3 and CaNO3) (0, 50 and 100 kg/ha) on nitrate accumulation and some growth and physiolog More

In order to study the effects of different levels (control, 5 and 10 ton/ha) of organic fertilizers vermicompost and poultrary mannur and different levels of chemical fertilizer (KNO3 and CaNO3) (0, 50 and 100 kg/ha) on nitrate accumulation and some growth and physiological characteristics of Petroselinum crispum, an experiment was conducted as Factorial based on Completely Randomized Block Design with three replication. The results showed that total nitrogen content in plant was influenced by interaction effects of experimental treatments and the highest amounts of nitrogen contents were recorded at vermicompost10 ton/ha × KNO3 100kg/ha and poultrary mannur10 ton/ha × KNO3 100kg/ha. Different levels of chemical and organic fertilizer had positive effects on total chlorophyll content, ascorbic acid and flavonoid content. The highest amounts of aerial part dry weights were recorded at 5 and 10 ton/ha of vermicompost fertilizer. Poultrary mannur 5 and 10 ton/ha were increased total soluble solid, phenolic and nitrate content in plants compared to control treatment. Also the highest amounts of total soluble solid content and nitrate content were recorded at KNO3 50 and 100kg/ha. 50 and 100 kg/ha KNO3 and CaNO3 was increased total phenolic content in plant. Organic fertilizers had positive effects on K and Ca content. KNO3 100kg/ha improved K content and CaNO3 50 and 100kg/ha increased Ca content in plant. Dueto the positive effects of organic fertilizers in vegetable growth and less harmful environmental effects, it seems that integrated use of organicand chemical fertilizers had positive effects on sustainable and healthy vegetable production. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

112 - Phytochemical study of Zataria multiflora Boiss in different ecological conditions
Ahmad Niczad Shahram Sharafzadeh Ardalan Alizadeh Bahram Amiri Forood Bazrafshan

In the present study, 4 different ecotypes of Zataria multiflora medicinal plant (Estahban, Neyriz, Fasa and Larestan), were investigated in order to identify the best ecotype in terms of the highest percentage of essential oil, essential oil components, total phenolic More

In the present study, 4 different ecotypes of Zataria multiflora medicinal plant (Estahban, Neyriz, Fasa and Larestan), were investigated in order to identify the best ecotype in terms of the highest percentage of essential oil, essential oil components, total phenolic content, antioxidant properties and polyphenolic compounds of methanolic extract. Essential oils were extracted from all ecotypes by hydro-distillation via Clevenger apparatus, then analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatograph connected to mass spectrophotometer (GC/MS) . In total, 52 compounds were identified in the essential oils of different ecotypes of Zataria multiflora. The main chemical constituents were, thymol (34.41 - 54.35 %), p-cymene (9.49 - 19.85 %), -Terpinene (7.34 - 16.70 %) and carvacrol (5.35 - 15.34 %). Determination of total phenol and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent and by the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, respectively. Polyphenolic components of extracts of different ecotypes were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Total phenols varied from 234.66 to 302.28 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight, IC50 values in the radical scavenging assay ranged from 348.63 to 453.76 mg/mL. The predominant polyphenolic compounds in the extracts of all ecotypes included: Thymol, Carvacrol, Quercetin and Rosmarinic acid. The results showed that Neyriz ecotype has the highest percentage of essential oil and the highest percentage of thymol. The highest amount of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity was observed in Larestan ecotype. The predominant polyphenolic component was thymol and was observed in the Fasa ecotype. Manuscript profile

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113 - Optimizing the Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Pistachio Hulls
Najmeh Pakdaman Rosa Dargahi Marieh Nadi Amanollah Javanshah Ahmad Shakerardekani Najmeh Saberi

10.22034/jon.2021.1941474.1132

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114 - Comparative HPLC, GC-MS Analysis and In vitro Antifungal Activity of Walnut Kernels against Alternaria mali in Apple
Ruhee Jan Tabassum Ara Javid Mir

10.22034/jon.2023.1974574.1207

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115 - Effects of Pre-germination Treatment on the Phytate and Phenolic Contents of Almond Nuts
Liang Lin Lin Freda Xin You Giam Xin Min Foo Nadia Marie Hui Lian Yeo Charlene Jia Ling Koh Nur Hatika Binte Sa’Aban Wai Mun Loke

10.22034/jon.2017.530394

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116 - Effects of Vermicompost Application and Moringa Extract on Growth Responses, Yield and Bioactive Compounds in Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata)
AHMED ALI HANI AL-HAIDERI HOSSEIN ALI ASADI-GHARNEH YASAMEEN FADHIL SALLOOM

10.30486/roce.2023.705611

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117 - Contents of Aerial Parts of Salvia leriifolia Benth
Zahra Hosseinpoor Mohsen Abadi Behnam Mahdavi Esmaeil Rezaei-Seresht

10.22034/jchr.2016.544146

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118 - Biochemical Responses of Two Soybean (Glycine max) Varieties to Aluminum Stress in Nutrient Solution
Nafiseh Davarpanah Moghadam Vahid Poozesh Arezou Rezaei

10.22034/jchr.2016.544152

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119 - Phenolic Content of Selected Sumac Fruits from Iran, Extracted With Different Solvents
M. Bashash M. Bolandi N. Zamindar

10.22034/jchr.2018.544008

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120 - Evaluation the Growth Potential of Artichoke (Synara scolymus L.) and Milk thistle (Sylibum marianum L.) in Petroleum-contaminated Soil
Sahar Zamani Azim Ghasemnezhad Soheila Ebrahimi Mehran Fathi

10.22034/jchr.2018.544198

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121 - Simultaneous optimization of extraction of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam aerial parts using response surface methodology
Zineb El Jabboury Smail Aazza Driss Ousaaid Oumaima Chater Uroš Gašić Peđa Janaćković Zora Dajic Stevanovic Stefan Kolašinac Meryem Benjelloun Lahsen El Ghadraoui

In this report, different extracts from the aerial parts of Ammi visnaga (L.), e.g., flowers, leaves, and stems were prepared using water, methanol, and ethanol. To optimize the extraction process, the design of mixtures was carried out using different extracting solven More

In this report, different extracts from the aerial parts of Ammi visnaga (L.), e.g., flowers, leaves, and stems were prepared using water, methanol, and ethanol. To optimize the extraction process, the design of mixtures was carried out using different extracting solvents and their combinations. The special cubic model explained the variance of the TPC and the antioxidant activity of the extracts at a level of R2 > 95%. In general, the analysis of the model-derived response surfaces revealed that in binary mixtures (50% ethanol + 50% methanol), the yielded values of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity increase with the water proportion of different prepared mixtures. The ability of the quaternary mixture to extract the phenolic compounds was also positively and significantly influenced by the water content, creating a mild polar medium for the extraction of phenolic compounds. The phenolic profile of different extracts under study revealed the presence of a cocktail of active ingredients, including chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, p-coumaric acid, etc. especially the flower extract of A. visnaga (L.). Manuscript profile

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122 - Extraction of bioactive compounds and determination of antioxidant activity Echium amoenum
Simin Arabi Assal Farrokh Eslamlou Zahra Ezzatpour Ghadim sarvenaz Maghsoodi

Introduction: Plants are potential sources of natural antioxidants and produce various antioxidative compounds to counteract reactive oxygen species. Consumption of plant derived antioxidant contributes to reducing risks of certain chronic and degenerative diseases. Ech More

Introduction: Plants are potential sources of natural antioxidants and produce various antioxidative compounds to counteract reactive oxygen species. Consumption of plant derived antioxidant contributes to reducing risks of certain chronic and degenerative diseases. Echium amoenum also named as Gol-e-gavzaban in persian, is one of the most important species of Boraginaceae family and commonly found in the North of Iran. Echium amoenum is usually used as herbal tea in Iran for conditions such as common cold, bronchitis, sore throat, cough, stress and fatigue. The dried violet–blue petals of Iranian Borage also possess diaphoretic, diuretic, sedative, mood enhancer, antifebrile, laxative, anti-depressant, cardiotonic and blood rectifying properties. Recently, this plant is known as an effective factor against cancer. The present study was conducted at Islamic Azad University of Tehran Medical Sciences. The aim of the present study was to determine total phenolic and flavonoid compounds and antioxidant activity of various extracts of Echium amoenum from Kelardasht region.Experimental: E. amoenum plants were collected from Kelardasht region in Mazandaran province, Iran (2020, June) at the flowering stage, identified by the herbarium of the Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands. The aerial of E. amoenum dried in shade at room for 6 days and ground to a fine powder. The plant sample (50 g) was extracted using Ethanol and Acetone solvents in different concentrations by maceration method. Afterward, the ethanolic and acetonic extracts of E. amoenum were filtered through Whatman No.1 filter paper. The ethanolic extract was evaporated to dryness under reduce pressure (rotary evaporator Buchi R-300, Switzerland) and acetonic extract was concentrated by vaccum oven (Memmert VO49, Germany) at 35°C. Then the extracts were dried by freeze dryer (UO11, Iran) at -40°C and were pulverized. In this study, extraction of total phenolic compounds from E. amoenum by Acetone and Ethanol solvents in three different concentrations (pure, 50% and 75%) were investigated. Total phenolic contents were determined by Folin- Ciocaltue assay and were expressed as mg of gallic acid per g of extract. Then the antioxidant capacity of extracts were assessed by DPPH radical-scavenging activity and reducing power assay and compared with BHT and ascorbic acid standardsResults and Disscussion: In all extracts, the highest total phenolic contents were observed in 50 percentage concentration so that in these conditions, total phenolic contents of acetonic and ethanolic extracts were obtained as 82.9 and 77.3 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g extract, respectively, ( p ≤ 0.05). Extracts showed antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. Acetonic extract had more antioxidant activity and DPPH radical-scavenging than ethanolic exrtact. The increase antioxidant activity of the plant can be attributed to the high amounts of phenolic and flavonoid compounds.Extension: Echium amoenum can be used as a potential source of phenolic compounds and natural antioxidant. According to the obtained results based on the high antioxidant properties of this plant, it is suggested that with more researches on extract of E. amoenum can be used more and more in the food industry to prevent the oxidative deteriorative activity of food materials. Manuscript profile

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