Enzymes

Open Access Article

1 - Effect of clove oil essence loaded on iron nanoparticles on aminotransferase enzymes and some tissues in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
مصطفی غفاری علی خسروانی زاده

In the present study 64 speciment of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with a mean weight155.8±24 g and mean length of 23.7±2 cm randomly allocated in four groups. Fish of threegroups were immersed in water contained 10, 25, 50, and 100 ppm clove (Eugeni More

In the present study 64 speciment of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with a mean weight155.8±24 g and mean length of 23.7±2 cm randomly allocated in four groups. Fish of threegroups were immersed in water contained 10, 25, 50, and 100 ppm clove (Eugeniacaryophillata) oil essence loaded on iron nanoparticles to induce anesthesia in them, and fourthgroup was as indicator. Loss of equilibrium, light anesthesia, regaining equilibrium andcomplete recovery times were precisely recorded. Fish were transferred into separate tanks afteranesthesia, and the blood samples were collected by cutting of the caudal peduncle from 4groups at 3 and 24 hours after recovery times. Blood samples were centrifuged and thebiochemical indices determined in blood plasma included AST and ALT by spectrophotometer.Brain, kidney, branch, heart, lien and liver tissues were extracted and fixed in phosphate bufferfor histopathology. Results indicated that anesthetizing with different concentrations of clove oilessence loaded on iron nanoparticles have no significant effects on amounts ALT and AST inrainbow trout. Also microscopic study of prepared sections from different tissues showed noremarkable side effects. Because recommended dose for induction anesthesia in rainbow troutwas 10 ppm in this research, therefore fivefold of recommended have no side effect even. Acomparison result of this research by results of other researches is indicating that clove oilessence after loading on iron nanoparticles become more safe and effective. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Relationship between Laboratory Exposure to Crude Oil and Anti-oxidative Responses of Tetraclita Rufotincta Barnacles
Mojgan Emtyazjoo Lida Salimi Majid Zeinali Bahar SHahabi Maryam Ghasempour maleki

Introduction: Nowadays the destructive effects of oil pollutions that produced by different resourcesin waters and aquatic organisms have been defined with the intention of studying effects of crude oilin different concentration, on variations of anti-oxidant enzymes le More

Introduction: Nowadays the destructive effects of oil pollutions that produced by different resourcesin waters and aquatic organisms have been defined with the intention of studying effects of crude oilin different concentration, on variations of anti-oxidant enzymes level (SOD, CAT)in Tetraclitarufotincta and the possibility of introduce these enzymes as biomarkers.Metod: Barnacles Tetraclita rufotincta were sampled in Bahrekan region. Barnacles exposed to250ppb, 125ppb, 62.5ppb, 31.25ppb, 15.625ppb and 3ppb as a control, crude oil after 24,48,72 and 96h. 15 barnacles removed from aquarium in average. Animals were examined for levels of Antioxidantsenzymes (SOD, CAT) in their tissues.Results: this study detected that in aquarium 1, with 3ppb concentration, after 24,48,72 and 96 hSuperoxide dismutase(SOD) activities shown respectively 128/98, 30/04, 75/8, 62/05U/ml/mg protein.In aquarium 2 and 3, with 15.625ppb and 31.25ppb concentration, after the period mentioned,superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities shown respectively 104/45, 74/95, 13/57, 109U/ml/mg proteinand 69/96, 61/56, 60/5, 86/46 U/ml/mg protein. In aquarium 4 and 5, with 62.5ppb and 125ppbconcentration, after the mentioned period, Superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities shown respectively98/79, 193/9, 42/75, 124/77 U/ml/mg protein and 69/22, 40/08, 81/86, 59/95U/ml/mg protein and inaquarium 6, with 250ppb concentration, after the mentioned period, Superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities shown respectively 62/11, 87/1, 20/71, 93/47U/ml/mg protein.The results also detected that in aquarium 1, with 3ppb concentration, after 24,48,72 and 96 h Catalase(CAT) activities shown respectively 13/29, 15/31, 15/5, 16/25 U/ml/mg protein. In aquarium 2 and 3,with 15.625ppb and 31.25ppb concentration, after the mentioned period, Catalase (CAT) activitiesshown respectively 13/03, 16/74, 13/65, 13/61U/ml/mg protein and 11/46, 16/54, 15/7, 13/58U/ml/mgprotein. In aquarium 4 and 5, with 62.5ppb and 125ppb concentration, after the mentioned period,Catalase (CAT) activities shown respectively 18/74, 11/86, 11/91, 16/22U/ml/mg protein and 21/1,1- PhD, Asst. Prof., Biology Dept, Islamic Azad University, Iran2- PhD, Instructor, Environment Pollution, Islamic Azad University, Iran3- PhD, Researcher, Biochemistry Dept, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Iran4- Department of Iranian offshore Oil company5- M. Sc, Marin Biology Dept, Islamic Azad University, IranAbstracts of Articles in EnglishJ.Env. Sci. Tech., Vol 17, No.1, Spring 201520415/8, 15/04, 39/22U/ml/mg protein and in aquarium 6, with 250ppb concentration, after the mentionedperiod, Catalase (CAT) activities shown respectively 15/54, 18/8, 15/81, 15/97U/ml/mg protein.Conclusion: There was no correlation between Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and differentconcentrations of crude oil, during the animals exposed to crude oil. It also detected that CAT enzymeis sensitive parameter than SOD and that could be useful biomarker for the evaluation of contaminatedaquatic ecosystems in Tetraclita rufotincta barnacles. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Kinetic modeling the behavior of the enzyme glucose oxidase immobilized on a carrier tragacanth
golnar sari مریم اوتادی

Abstract The glucose-oxidase enzyme is widely used in industry. Glucose oxidase is an oxido-reductase enzyme that catalyses the oxidation of glucose to hydrogen peroxide and gluconic acid. In this study, the glucose oxidase enzyme, its structure and function, tragacanth More

Abstract The glucose-oxidase enzyme is widely used in industry. Glucose oxidase is an oxido-reductase enzyme that catalyses the oxidation of glucose to hydrogen peroxide and gluconic acid. In this study, the glucose oxidase enzyme, its structure and function, tragacanth polymer, different methods of enzyme immobilization and statistical modeling methods have been introduced. To investigate the enzyme activity of glucose oxidase using design of experiments (DOE) and response surface methodology (RSM), the results of 19 experiments, have been conducted in previous research, were used. For modeling and optimization of enzymatic activity, three variables of pH, temperature and immobilization time were selected and examined using the Design Expert software. Then, based on statistical modeling, a correlation was proposed that be able to determine the enzyme activity of the glucose oxidase. Using response surface methodology, maximum enzyme activity (1116.2 μmol/min) of the glucose oxidase was achieved at pH of 5.98, 37 ° C and 33.28 minutes. Finally we observed that our model results are accurately agreed with the experimental results. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - The effect of a period of functional training and consumption of black seed on weight loss and lipid, alt and ast parameters of overweight and obese people
Arnosh Shahidi

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a period of functional training and consumption of black seed on lipid parameters and some liver enzymes in overweight and obese patients. The method of the present research is applied. The statistical population of th More

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a period of functional training and consumption of black seed on lipid parameters and some liver enzymes in overweight and obese patients. The method of the present research is applied. The statistical population of the present study included obese and overweight people who had a BMI above 25 and had not exercised in the last 3 months, and from among them, 24 people who were eligible for the study were selected. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups of functional exercises (n = 12) and black seed consumption (n = 12). Before studying the variables, body weight, lipid factors of total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL and hepatic aneurysms (ALT), AST) were measured and after the end of the sixth week, the variables were measured again. The functional group performed the exercises at home for 70 minutes, three days a week for 6 weeks and with 70% intensity under the supervision of the researcher. Patients in the black seed group should eat 3 grams of black seed powder along with 3 tablespoons of low-fat yogurt before lunch (snack between morning and lunch) every day for 6 weeks. After ensuring the normal distribution of data by Shapiro-Wilk test and determining the descriptive characteristics of the subjects by descriptive statistics for comparison between hyper-test and post-test of each group of dependent t-test and for comparison between group of analysis of variance test One-way ANOVA) and if Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Survey Of Digestive Enzymes Activity, Body Composition and Intestine Bacterial Flora Of Sobaity (Sparidentexhasta) Fingerling in Response to Different Levels Of Dietary Xylooligosaccharide
Vahid Morshedi Naser Agh Jasem Marammazi Farzaneh Norii Takavar Mohammadian

Inroduction and Objective: Prebiotics, as a non-digestible food ingredient, beneficiallyaffects the host by selectively stimulating the growth, activating a limited number of bacteria, andreducing the number of harmful bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract.This study i More

Inroduction and Objective: Prebiotics, as a non-digestible food ingredient, beneficiallyaffects the host by selectively stimulating the growth, activating a limited number of bacteria, andreducing the number of harmful bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract.This study investigated the effects of xylooligosaccharide on digestive enzymes activity, body composition and intestine bacterial flora of sobaity (Sparidentex hastaMaterial and Methods:For this purpose, 405 individuals of sobaity fingerlings (45 in each replication) were prepared with an average weight of 7.64 ± 0.3 g from the Mariculture Research station of South Iranian Aquaculture Research Center. This study was carried out in a completely randomized design with three treatments and replications in fiberglass tanks with 300 liters volume. Fish were fed with feed containing 0, 0.5 and 1 percents of xylooligosaccharide for a period of 42 days. At the end of the experiment, body composition and intestine samples were collected for estimating digestive enzymes activity intestine bacterial flora and body composition. Results: The obtained results indicated that dietary xylooligosaccharide did not change sobaity digestive enzymes activity, including alkaline protease, amylse and lipase (P > 0.05). In this study, weak, positive and no significant correlation were observed between dietary prebiotic and alkaline protease activity, amylase activity and lipase activity (P > 0.05). The results of this study indicated that different levels of prebiotic did not affect body composition including protein, fat, ash and moisture and intestine bacterial flora (P > 0.05). Conclusion:Overall, this study showed that digestive enzymes activity was not affected by dietary prebiotic. Moreover, the diet supplemented with 0.5 and 1 percents of xylooligosaccharide had no significant effects on body composition and intestine bacterial flora of sobaity Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Effect Of Lead Chloride on Embryonic Stages and Kidney Differentiation in Pterophyllum Scalare
Sara Shekari mehrengiz sadooghi Homayon Hosseinzadeh

Introduction and Objective: The amount of heavy metals in the environment has increased with human industrial interference and cause damage to the environment provides.Free of heavy metals are found in combination with other elements in the environment , and mineral wat More

Introduction and Objective: The amount of heavy metals in the environment has increased with human industrial interference and cause damage to the environment provides.Free of heavy metals are found in combination with other elements in the environment , and mineral waters. Effect of lead chloride on fish embryos that named (Pterophyllum scalar) is the aim of this studyTherefore, 5 pairs of ornamental fish of a species to determine the toxicity of lead chloride in the process of embryonic development (early life) before the eggs were extractedMaterials and Methods: In the first study to determine the acute toxicity LC50 concentration of the desired material (lead chloride) 5 concentration of 3 μg/L, 5 μg/L, 10 μg/L and 20 μg/L and control was performed in three successive iterations .Each test was repeated for 3 days and counting the number of dead embryos (white) Acute toxicity of lead chloride at doses less than μg/L (5 μg/L ≤ n) was determinedIn the second phase of research to examine the changes desired effect of causing toxicity on fetal developmental stages of Angel fish were. Stages of the test is less than the LC50 concentration of less than 4 were considered g/Lμ5. The concentrations of 5/0, 5/1, 3 and 5/4 g / Lμ and controls for comparisonSome of these samples at the same moment sampling survey was study with photo stereo microscope.Results:The results showed that lead chloride in the initial review abnormally apparent like the tilt, loss of vision or the lack of effect on growth delay. Histological studies of tissues prepared for light microscopy study also showed that lead chloride on growth of embryonic kidney (Prenefroses) did not interfere Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The Detemination Of someHeamatologicalParameters and Blood Serumenzymes in Cyprinus Carpio,Hypo phthalimichthys molitrixand Ctenopharyngodon idella
Majid Mohammad Nejad Shamoushaki

Inroduction and Objective: Heamatological characteristics of the fish can be a marker of normal and abnormal conditions of the environment in different species of fish as animportant indicator of fish be considered. This study, was determined and studied the comparison More

Inroduction and Objective: Heamatological characteristics of the fish can be a marker of normal and abnormal conditions of the environment in different species of fish as animportant indicator of fish be considered. This study, was determined and studied the comparison of some biochemical factors of serum in common carp, silver carp and grass carpMaterial and Methods: Testedwas done with a sample of 10 fish from each group. The blood used from the tail vein was cut and was placed in a special container and was measured in laboratory value of each factor.Results: Results showed that there is significant difference in the value of RBC, Hb, HCT, WBC, Lymphocyte and notrophil in Cyprinus carpio, Hypophthalimichthys molitrixand Ctenopharyngodon idella(p 0.05).Also, results showed that there is significant difference in the value ofalanin aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase in common carp, silver carpandgrass carp(p 0.05). ConclusionThe results of this study show that heamatological characteristics are different for different species. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Effects Of Pomegranate Juice on Liver Enzymes (ALT, ALP, AST) in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Rats
ٍSayeed Ebrahim Hosseini Davod Mehrabani Elham Rezaie

Inroduction and Objective: Diabetesis a metabolic resulting from defects in insulin secretion and function. Pomegranate is a nutritional substance, used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes. In the current study we checked the treating effects of the pomegranate j More

Inroduction and Objective: Diabetesis a metabolic resulting from defects in insulin secretion and function. Pomegranate is a nutritional substance, used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes. In the current study we checked the treating effects of the pomegranate juice on diabetes and its side effects on liver.Thus, in the current studyinvestigated the effects of pomegranate juice on liver enzymes (ALT, ALP, AST) in diabetic and non-diabetic rats.Material and Methods: In the current study, 90 adult male Wistar rats weighing 200 to 220 g each were randomly selected and divided to five groups of control(without any intervention), sham (distilled water),experimental diabeticand non –diabetic1,2 and 3 groups (4cc of pomegranate juice (PJ)). Diabetes was induced in rats by intraperitionesl injection of 60 mg/kg of streptozotocin. In the experimental groups, rats were treated for 21days with a signal dose of pomegranate juice for each day. At the end of the day 21, a blood sample was taken from the experimental and control group and were measuredthe serum levels of liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP).The data were evaluated usingANOVA and LSD.Results: Resultsshowedthat pomegranate juice reduces significantly liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP) in the diabetic group than in the control group and the control group had no significant effect.Conclusion: Pomegranate juice with flavonoid and antioxidant compounds and also due to decrease blood glucose levels causes enzymes of ALT, AST, and ALP indiabeticrats. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Effect Of Injection Of Silver Nanoparticles on Plasma Levels Of Liver Enzymes in Rat
Hossein Hamzehei Hamed Alizadeh Mohsen Ajalli Farid Dolatshahi

Background and Purpose:Possible toxic effects of silver nanoparticles on humans are a major concern that encountered the use of this nanoparticles with many challenges. Today, silver nanoparticles, mostly because of their antimicrobial effects have been discussed. But t More

Background and Purpose:Possible toxic effects of silver nanoparticles on humans are a major concern that encountered the use of this nanoparticles with many challenges. Today, silver nanoparticles, mostly because of their antimicrobial effects have been discussed. But the possibility of their side effects, make its use doubtful. Among the main effects of silver nanoparticles that can have in the body, effects on the liver and its metabolism which has not been mostly considered. The aim of this study was to examine the injected effects of silver nanoparticles on plasma levels of liver enzymes such as AST, ALT and ALP that could open new horizons in relation to current challenges.Methods:In this study, 21 female Wistar rats were used. The rats were randomly divided into 7 groups. The first group was sham group, the second group was control group, the third to seventh groups were tested, were treated with 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 ppm of silver nanoparticles, respectively. Treatment of mice continued for 10 days. Then the rats were killed with ether anesthesia. Blood samples were taken from the hearts of animals. Plasma levels of liver enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP) were tested by diagnostic kit of Pars Azmoon company using indirect spectrophotometric method.Results:The results showed that there are no significant differences between the control and sham groups. But overall, silver nanoparticles at high concentrations cause significant changes in levels of enzymes.Conclusions:The results of this study showed that silver nanoparticles at high concentrations can have deleterious effects on the liver and should be used with caution in high concentrations Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Effect of a course of aerobic exercise combined with vitamin C supplementation on leptin receptor and oxidative stress in the heart tissue of female rats with Alzheimer's
Asiye Seyyed Mazieh Fallahiyan Forough Tajalli Seyedeh Ommolbanin Ghasemian

Background & Aim: Antioxidant enzymes serve as the primary defense against the onslaught of various reactive oxygen radicals. Antioxidants mitigate or prevent oxidative stress by interacting with free radicals and active species. The present study aimed to determine the More

Background & Aim: Antioxidant enzymes serve as the primary defense against the onslaught of various reactive oxygen radicals. Antioxidants mitigate or prevent oxidative stress by interacting with free radicals and active species. The present study aimed to determine the effect of a course of aerobic exercise comined with vitamin C supplementation on leptin receptor, visceral fat weight, body mass index (BMI), and antioxidant enzymes in the brain tissue of rats with Alzheimer's. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 45 elderly female rats were randomly assigned to six groups, including controls with Alzheimer's disease, vitamin C supplementation, aerobic exercise, aerobic exercise + vitamin C, and healthy controls. Leptin, visceral fat weight, and BMI after the intervention, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) indices, were measured after heart tissue extraction. Results: In the intervention groups, leptin receptor values were significantly higher (P=0.001), while visceral fat weight and BMI were lower than in the healthy control group (P=0.001). After eight weeks of aerobic exercise and vitamin C supplementation, MDA levels decreased significantly in the exercise+supplement group (P<0.05) and values of CAT and SOD were significantly increased compared to other groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: It seems that aerobic exercise combined with vitamin C supplements increases leptin receptor expression and decreases visceral fat weight and BMI in rats with Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, it decreases MDA levels and increases CAT and SOD levels. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Mannan Oligosaccharide on growth performance and some digestive factors in Oncorhynchus mykiss
محمد حامد نجفی انفرادی فلورا محمدی زاده مهدی سلطانی امیر هوشنگ بحری نجمه شیخ زاده

Inroduction & Objective: Growth and immunity resistance of fish are the most important factors in aquaculture. therefore, many types of research in probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics for improving growth and immunity in fish have been studied in the last years. More

Inroduction & Objective: Growth and immunity resistance of fish are the most important factors in aquaculture. therefore, many types of research in probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics for improving growth and immunity in fish have been studied in the last years. Materials and Methods: In this study, effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and MOSon growth performance, digestive enzymes activity and intestine morphology of Oncorhynchus mykiss were studied. Juvenile rainbow trout (n=270) in 6 administration  groups in 18  tanks were kept and fed with diets containing different doses (0.3 and 0.5 g kg-1 feed) of the probiotic,  (2 g kg-1 feed) of prebiotic, (0.3+2 and 0.5+ 2g kg-1 feed of probiotic and prebiotic respectively) and  a control group for 45 days. Results: Results showed a positive effect on growth performance  and digestive enzymes activity in probiotic (0.3 and 0.5 g kg-1 feed of probiotic) and synbiotic groups  compared to the control group(p<0.05). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Single and combined effects of chicory (Chicory Intybus) and St John's-wort (Hypericum Perforatum) on growth performance and digestive enzymes activity of Oncorhynchus mykiss
لیلا فرض الهی کوروش سروی مغانلو احمد ایمانی میثم عزیزی بصیر

Introduction & Objective: In recent years, the use of medicinal plants has been considered to improve growth and immune system indices of fish. Therefore, the present study was carried out to investigate the single and combined effects of Chicory and St John's-wort More

Introduction & Objective: In recent years, the use of medicinal plants has been considered to improve growth and immune system indices of fish. Therefore, the present study was carried out to investigate the single and combined effects of Chicory and St John's-wort hydro-alcoholic extracts on growth indices and digestive enzymes activity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Material and Methods: For this purpose, 720 fish with an average body weight of 100±5 g were randomly allocated to four distinct treatments including a control group, 3% chicory extract, 3% St John's-wort extract and a combined treatment containing 1.5% chicory and 1.5% St John's-wort extract. The experiments lasted for 12 weeks and growth indices (final weight, food conversion rate, specific growth rate, weight gain, condition factor and hepatosomatic index) and digestive enzymes activity (lipase, amylase and protease) were measured. Results: The highest and lowest weight gain, specific growth rate and hepatosomatic index were observed in 3% extract of chicory and 3% St John's-wort extract, respectively (p>0.05). Also, the lowest food conversion ratio and the highest condition factor belonged to group received diet supplemented with 3% chicory (p>0.05). The highest amylase and protease activity were observed in 3% chicory treatment (p<0.05). In addition, the highest and lowest lipase activity was observed in 3% chicory and combined treatment, respectively, however they did not significantly differ (p>0.05). Conclusion: dietary inclusion of 3% chicory extract would improve the growth indices and digestive enzymes activity of rainbow trout. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Effect of eight weeks aerobic training on the levels of antioxidant enzymes in the heart tissue of type 2 diabetic rats
آسیه عباسی دلویی sahar rezaee alireza barari mozghan ahmadi

Introduction & Objective: Chronic hyperglycemia is associated with enhanced oxidative stress-induced myocardial injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the of eight weeks aerobic training on the levels of antioxidant enzymes in the heart tissue of type 2 di More

Introduction & Objective: Chronic hyperglycemia is associated with enhanced oxidative stress-induced myocardial injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the of eight weeks aerobic training on the levels of antioxidant enzymes in the heart tissue of type 2 diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: To implementation of this experimental research, 40 male Wistar rats (weight 185.2±22.7 gr) randomly were divided into 4 groups including control, diabetes, training and diabetes-training. In this study, the rats were type 2 diabetic using peritoneal injection nicotinamide-STZ. aerobic training performed with intensity of 50-60% VO2max, 5 days a week and for 8 weeks. The levels of the antioxidant catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in heart tissue were measured using kit and by ELISA method. Data were analyzed by One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test at the p < 0.05. Results: The results showed that the levels of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) in the heart tissue of type 2 diabetic control rats was lower than the healthy control group (P=0.001). Eight weeks of aerobic training significantly increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) in the heart tissue of type 2 diabetic rats (P=0.001). Conclusion: According to the research results, aerobic exercise may improve the cardiac function of diabetic subjects by increasing the antioxidant enzymes in the heart tissue. As a result, these training are recommended as adjunctive therapy in these patients. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - The effect of intraperitoneal injection of hydroalcoholic extract of flaxseed on biochemical, hematological and liver enzymes in rats
Atefeh Payez

Background: Medicinal plants have a wide range of applications in various fields, especially in the control of microbial infections, but the discussion of their possible toxicity has caused great concern in the use of these substances in various fields of industry and m More

Background: Medicinal plants have a wide range of applications in various fields, especially in the control of microbial infections, but the discussion of their possible toxicity has caused great concern in the use of these substances in various fields of industry and medicine. This study was performed to clarify some of these ambiguities and to investigate the effect of intraperitoneal injection of flaxseed extract on biochemical, hematological, and hepatic factors in rats.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 15 female spiral rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. The first group was the sham group, the second group was the control group, and the third to fifth groups as experimental groups with concentrations of 200, 400, and 600 mg/ml of flaxseed extract were treated, respectively. The mice were treated for 10 days, then on the eleventh day the mice were anesthetized with ether and blood samples were taken from their hearts. Then biochemical parameters, blood, and lactate dehydrogenase, and plasma levels of liver enzymes were evaluated.Results: The results of this study did not show much change in biochemical factors except cholesterol and triglycerides which showed a significant decrease in the extract-treated groups. Blood factors did not show significant changes but increased in high concentrations of liver enzymes.Conclusion: Intraperitoneal injection of flaxseed extract has no effect on blood factors and many biochemical factors in mice, but high concentrations of the extract can affect liver enzymes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Green synthesis of zinc nanoparticles and investigation of changes in some biochemical parameters of blood and its effect on wound healing caused by burns in laboratory Wistar male rats
Zahra Sinaee pour Fard Nooshin Naghsh Nasrin Yazdanpanahi Gholam Reza Amiri

Introduction & Objective: Currently, zinc and its compounds are used as a suitable material for the treatment of infection in burns, open wounds and chronic wounds. This investigation, was designed and carried out with the aim the local effect of green zinc nanopart More

Introduction & Objective: Currently, zinc and its compounds are used as a suitable material for the treatment of infection in burns, open wounds and chronic wounds. This investigation, was designed and carried out with the aim the local effect of green zinc nanoparticles on blood biochemical parameters and skin tissue repair during wound healing in laboratory rat. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 42 male Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups of 6. Then, by creating a 2 cm burn on the back of the rats, treatment was immediately performed with zinc nanoparticles ointment (1%, 4%, 16%) and zinc oxide ointment and pure Vaseline for 21 days. After sampling from the percentage of wound repair in the skin of rats was calculated. Similarly, blood sampling was done from the hearts of rats and serum was used to check biochemical parameters. Results: The percentage of wound healing in the 4% ointment group and zinc oxide ointment was significantly higher than the control group. In addition, all the concentrations of ointment were safe in terms of their effect on liver enzymes. Conclution: The results of investigation showed that the ointment of 4% zinc nanoparticles was the best treatment group, which accelerated the repair of skin wounds. Based on the results of the present experimental study, probably the ointment produced by the identified green nanoparticles could be suggested as a strong repair agent in skin lesions naturally. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Comparison the effect of melatonin and the selective inhibitor of serotonin reuptake citalopram drug on the ultrastructure of liver tissue and hepatic enzymes in Adult Female three-spotted gourami Fish (Trichogaster trichopterus)
Mohammadreza Pouravaz طاهره ناجی Homayon Hosseinzadeh sahafi

Background & Aims: Most of the various drugs that are used to treat various diseases are metabolized in the liver. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of melatonin and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor drug citalopram on liver tissue ultrastr More

Background & Aims: Most of the various drugs that are used to treat various diseases are metabolized in the liver. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of melatonin and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor drug citalopram on liver tissue ultrastructure and liver enzymes in adult female Trichogaster. Materials & Methods: For this purpose, 120 pieces of Trichogaster with an average weight of 4.23 ± 0.70 g divided into eight groups of 15, which included the control groups, solvent intact, three groups which received citalopram with a dose of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg and three treatment groups receiving melatonin with doses of 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg. A dose of 0.02 ml of the drug was injected intramuscularly between the dorsal fin and the lateral line every other day for 10 times, over a period of 20 days. Then, the fish were euthanized and dissected. Results: The results showed that melatonin and citalopram had a significant effect on the level of all liver enzymes compared to the control groups (P<0.05). The highest levels of ALT, AST and ALP were measured after the injection of 20 mg/kg citalopram (P<0.05). In fish treated with the highest concentration of melatonin and all concentrations of citalopram, dissociation between hepatocytes and expansion of sinusoids occurred. Fat vacuoles were formed in high concentrations of melatonin and citalopram. Conclusion: Therefore, melatonin at a concentration of 100 mg/kg and citalopram at a concentration higher than 5 mg/kg have a negative effect on the ultrastructure of liver tissue and liver enzymes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - The defence related enzymatic content of suger beet against Beet severe curly top virus and Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CAH0
Efat ALEMZADEH Keramat IZADPANAH Moussa ZAREI Ali Akbar BEHJATNIA

Various environmental stresses including biotic and abiotic stresses lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Accumulation of reactive oxygen species often have been detected in plant pathogen- interactions. Plants with a combination of enzymatic and non More

Various environmental stresses including biotic and abiotic stresses lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Accumulation of reactive oxygen species often have been detected in plant pathogen- interactions. Plants with a combination of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems usually ROS levels in cells kept in moderation. The aim of the present work is to study the effect of BSCTV infection and Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CAH0 on the activities of antioxidant enzymes in sugar beet plants by using a UV / Vis 2100 spectrophotometer. The results of the study showed when severe symptoms of the infection developed on the leaves and the virus content reached its maximum, a significant increase in the activities of several antioxidant enzymes, ascorbate peroxidase and peroxidase and a significant decrease in the developed on the leaves and the virus content reached its maximum, a significant increase in the activity of antioxidant enzyme, Catalse, was found. Also in virus's tension associated with bacteria, enzyme activity was reduced in all items. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - The effect of eight weeks of aerobic training and Anethum herbal supplementation on lipid risk factors for cardiovascular disease in inactive obese men
Ardeshir Zafari Taher Jalili

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Open Access Article

19 - Effect of Thiacloprid and Eforia on the life table parameters and detoxification enzymes activity in wheat aphid, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani)
pezhman Aeinechi B. Naseri

The greenbug, Schizaphis graminum Rondani (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the most important pests of wheat plants can restrict the production of this crop by sucking on the sap and transmistting pathogenic viruses. Detoxifying enzymes play a very important role in det More

The greenbug, Schizaphis graminum Rondani (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the most important pests of wheat plants can restrict the production of this crop by sucking on the sap and transmistting pathogenic viruses. Detoxifying enzymes play a very important role in detoxifying chemical compounds in many living organisms. These enzymes exposed to chemical compounds are as biomarkers, and they have varying degrees of sensitivity to chemical compounds due to biochemical differences in pesticide detoxification. In the study, bioassays were examined by immersing wheat leaves in its insecticidal solution at a temperature of 27±2°C, a relative humidity of 65 ±10% and 16 hours light and 8 hours darkness photoperiod. The sublethal concentrations effect (LC10 and LC30) of thiachlopride and aforia has been evaluated on the life table parameters and the detoxifying enzymes activity of S. graminum. Esterase, glutathione S-transferase and acetylcholinesterase activity were measured as detoxifying enzymes. According to the obtained results, the lethal mean concentrations were calculated 212.7 and 203.9 mg (ai) L-1 for aphids exposed to thiacloprid and eforia, respectively. Among the treatments, LC30 concentration was the highest toxicity compared with other treatments. The LC30 concentration effects of both insecticides were significantly increased the induction of beta-esterase and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes of S. graminum. Also, the activity of alpha-esterase and acetylcholinesterase did not significant different with increasing sublethal concentrations than control. The results showed that the sublethal concentrations of the two incecticides, thiacloprid and eforia, had a negative effect on the life tables parameters of S. graminum and they can be identified by detoxifying enzymes as biochemical markers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Investigation of Tank-Mixed and Reduced Rate of Imazethapyr, Bentazon and Sethoxydim on Soybean Antioxidant Enzymes Activity
Sina Fallah Tafty Mani Mojaddam Ahmad Naderi Mohammad Abdollahian Noghabi

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Open Access Article

21 - Evaluation of Relative Membrane Permeability of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Affected Super Absorbent Polymer and Water Deficit Conditions
Mansour Fazeli Rostampour

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Open Access Article

22 - Evaluation of 4-Amino-5-benzofuran-2-oyl-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)aminothiazole for antidiabetic applications: an in vitro and in vivo study
Priya Rani M Akhila V. R Krishnapriya, K. G Rajasekharan, K. N

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Open Access Article

23 - The effect of yoga exercise with dumbbells along with spirulina supplement on liver enzymes of elderly Bushehr women
Mohadeseh Bandarrigi Saeid Shakerian Roohollah ranjbar Sadegh Abdollahi

10.30495/pah.2023.1992928.1054

A B S T R A C TObjectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of yoga with dumbbells at the same time as taking spirulina supplements on liver enzymes in obese elderly women.Methods & Materials: This study, which is applied and semi-experimental, More

A B S T R A C TObjectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of yoga with dumbbells at the same time as taking spirulina supplements on liver enzymes in obese elderly women.Methods & Materials: This study, which is applied and semi-experimental, was conducted on 40 elderly women who were randomly divided into four equal groups. Then, after performing the initial tests as a pre-test, they were divided into supplement and exercise + supplement groups for daily consumption of 500 mg spirulina capsules in three servings. Therefore, the exercises were performed for 8 weeks (three sessions per week) and an average of 60 minutes. Therefore, after the completion of 8 weeks, the experiments were repeated, and for their statistical analysis, correlation and covariance t-tests were used with a significance level of P < 0.05.Results: The current research on elderly women with an average age of 60-65 showed that doing yoga with dumbbells along with spirulina supplementation led to a significant decrease in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzymes in the exercise group) AST)=P ،(003/0>ALT=)p(003/0>) and exercise/supplement group (ALT= (P>0.0001), AST= (P>0.001); but Significant difference in the control group (AST=(P=0.82), ALT=(P=0.82)) and supplement group without training (AST=(P=0.21), ALT=(P=0.21)) was not observed.Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, it seems that taking spirulina supplements at the same time as yoga exercises with dumbbells can have positive effects on liver enzymes; Therefore, it is suggested to sports trainers to improve health status and prevent liver diseases in elderly people. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - The association study of rs3024998 and rs3025000 polymorphisms in VEGF gene with the risk of recurrent pregnancy loss
shohreh zare karizi reza Mirfakhraie

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as the occurrence of two or more consecutive pregnancy loss prior to 20th week of gestation. There are several leading causes of RPL including uterine anatomical defects, genetic factors, infectious, immunological, environmental More

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as the occurrence of two or more consecutive pregnancy loss prior to 20th week of gestation. There are several leading causes of RPL including uterine anatomical defects, genetic factors, infectious, immunological, environmental and blood dyscariasis. However, despite in a large number of cases no causes have been identified, therefore are introduced as idiopathic. Gene polymorphisms may effect on the incidence of abortion. One of these genes is the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Present study was aimed to investigate the association of VEGF gene polymorphisms with recurrent spontaneous abortion of the fetus. We conducted a case–control study of 200 women: 100 patients with at least two unexplained consecutive pregnancy losses and 100 healthy controls with at least one live birth and no history of pregnancy loss. Patients with recurrent pregnancy losses due to anatomic, hormonal, chromosomal, infectious, autoimmune, or thrombotic causes were excluded from the study group. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes. Rs3024998 and rs699947 polymorphisms of VEGF gene were studied using PCR-RFLP technique. Respectively, MaeI and BglII restriction enzymes were used for digestion. Digestion products were visualized by polyacrylamide gel (12%PAGE) electrophoresis. Distribution analysis for homozygous and heterozygous genotypes in the two studied groups was performed by using SPSS ver.18.Genetic differences between case and control groups were calculated by using the chi-square test. Significant difference (P<0.05) was identified between the frequency of allelic status of rs3024998 and rs3025000in two studied groups. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - The effect of zinc-methionine supplementation on antioxidant status and expression of interleukin-4 and interleukin-6 genes in female rats under heat stress
Matin Jamei Ali Asghar Sadeghi Mohammad Chamani

10.30495/zisti.2023.1973380.1144

Introduction:During heat stress, the animal body requires more antioxidant compounds and activity of antioxidant enzymes. Zinc plays a role in the structure and activity of antioxidant enzymes. One of the ways to supply the zinc requirement, is to use organic zinc suppl More

Introduction:During heat stress, the animal body requires more antioxidant compounds and activity of antioxidant enzymes. Zinc plays a role in the structure and activity of antioxidant enzymes. One of the ways to supply the zinc requirement, is to use organic zinc supplements, which zinc combined with methionine, and have more intestinal absorption Aim: This study was done to evaluate the effects of different doses of zinc-methionine supplementation on the blood antioxidant status and the expression of interleukin 4 and 6 genes in rats exposed to heat stress.Materials and methods: In a completely random design, 20 female rats were divided into four treatment groups with five replicates. Rats were kept at a temperature of 31±2 °C for 20 hours and at a temperature of 38±2 °C for 4 hours per day (to create heat stress). The rats in the control group were fed standard pellets without additives, and the three experimental groups were fed standard pellets plus 15, 30 and 45 mg zinc-methionine supplement per kilogram of dry matter for 30 days. At the end of the experiment, a blood sample was collected from the inferior vena cava. Total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde concentration, antioxidant enzymes, liver enzymes in the serum and the expression of interleukin-4 and interleukin-6 genes were measured.Results: Serum zinc concentration increased linearly with increasing zinc dose in the diet (P<0.05). The serum activity of two enzymes, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase decreased linearly with increasing zinc-methionine dose in the diet (P<0.01). The highest activity of glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase was observed in the group receiving 30 mg/kg, and the lowest activity of these enzymes was observed in the control group. In general, the relative expression of the interleukin-4 gene was increased, and the relative expression of the interleukin-6 gene was decreased (P<0.05). The highest expression of interleukin-4 gene belonged to the group receiving 30 mg, and the highest relative expression of interleukin-6 gene belonged to the control group and the group receiving 15 mg/kg.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the dose of up to 30 mg of zinc-methionine per kg of diet used in this study increases the activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme and glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity, decreases the activity of liver enzymes in the serum, increases the expression of the anti-inflammatory gene (Interleukin-4) and decreases the expression of inflammatory gene (Interleukin-6), which indicates the reduction of oxidative stress and the reduction of the effects of heat stress in the body of the rat. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Application of immobilized enzymes in the food industry as biocompatible methods
Ismail Faramarzi-Aghgonbad Leila Amirkhani Seyed Mahdi Hedayatzadeh Fahimeh Derakhshanfard

Enzymes or microorganisms are widely used in food preparation. With the advancement of technology, new enzymes with a wide range of applications and properties have been developed, and new fields of application are still being investigated. Microorganisms such as bacter More

Enzymes or microorganisms are widely used in food preparation. With the advancement of technology, new enzymes with a wide range of applications and properties have been developed, and new fields of application are still being investigated. Microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts, and fungi and their enzymes are widely used in many foods to improve flavor and texture and have many economic benefits for industries. Enzymes are also able to remove organic substances from food wastes effectively. Microbial enzymes are preferred sources over plants or animals due to their many advantages such as easy production, cost-effectiveness, and compatibility. However, the use of enzymes in processes has a series of disadvantages. Due to the high price of enzymes, enzymatic processes are one of the most expensive reactions. They are also sensitive to environmental conditions and can easily change their nature and lose their properties. Using a heterogeneous catalyst and immobilized enzymes on a solid support is a method that can make the recycling of enzymes possible. In this research, after examining the structure and types of enzymes, the thermodynamics of enzyme reactions and methods of enzyme stabilization were studied. Finally, recent advances in enzyme technology for food industries and a comprehensive list of enzymes used in food processing, the microbial source of these enzymes, and their wide range of applications are discussed. Manuscript profile

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27 - Beta-Estradiol Hormone Application to Increase Salt Tolerance of Different Potato Genotypes (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Fahimeh Jidar Rasool Asghari Zakaria Nasser Zare Davood Hassanpanah Leila Ghaffarzadeh Namazi

10.30495/JCEP.202201911931.1721

This experiment was performed to investigate the effect of beta estradiol hormone application on increasing salinity stress tolerance of different potato genotypes in a factorial split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications i More

This experiment was performed to investigate the effect of beta estradiol hormone application on increasing salinity stress tolerance of different potato genotypes in a factorial split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Mohaghegh Ardabili University in 2020. Salinity stresses with three levels (0, 50 and 100 mM sodium chloride) and beta-estradiol also with three levels (0, 10-12 and 6-10 M) were assigned to main plots, and 10 potato genotypes to subplots. The results revealed that plant height, number and weight of minituber per plant, average tuber weight and content of antioxidant enzymes in the studied genotypes showed a positive response to beta-estradiol. Thus, with increasing the amount of beta-estradiol application from 10-12 to 10-6 M, the number and weight of minitubers increased in most of the studied genotypes, but the amount of this increase was varied between genotypes. G5 and G6 genotypes with an average of 7.85 and 7.83 minitubers had the highest number of tubers per plant at 10-6 M beta-estradiol, respectively. The lowest value of this trait belonged to G10 genotype with an average of 3.66 minitubers, without significant differences with those of G8 and G9 genotypes. With increasing salinity level, the enzymes of superoxide dismutase, catalase and polyphenol oxidase and also soluble sugars were increased. In all of three salinity levels, beta-estradiol application significantly increased the levels of these enzymes. The highest levels of these enzymes were observed at salinity level of 100 mM with the use of 10-12 or 6-10 M beta estradiol. In this study, the use of beta-estradiol, depending on the genotype, was able to moderate the effect of salinity on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of potatoe tubers. Overall, in this study, G5 and G6 genotypes had relatively high minituber number and weight per plant under salinity stress conditions, Thus, selection of these genotypes is recommended for future breeding programs. Also, these two genotypes had the highest number and weight of minitubers per plant at 10-12 and 10-6 M beta estradiol, which indicates that these genotypes have a high genetic potential for consumption of this hormone as compared to other genotypes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Effects of Salicylic Acid and Seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) Extracts Application on some Physiological Traits of White Bean (Phaseolus lanatus L.) under Drought Stress Conditions
Sara Beigzadeh Abbas Maleki Mohammad Mirzaee Heydari Alireza Rangin Ali Khorgami

10.30495/jcep.2020.671639

Drought is one of the most important growth and yield limiting factors of crop plants in many parts of the world. To investigate the effects of drought stress and seaweed extract and salicylic acid on some photosynthetic and photochemical traits of white bean plant, a s More

Drought is one of the most important growth and yield limiting factors of crop plants in many parts of the world. To investigate the effects of drought stress and seaweed extract and salicylic acid on some photosynthetic and photochemical traits of white bean plant, a split-factorial experiment, based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in 2016-2017 growing season. The experiment was performed at two different locations: Islamabad and Khorramabad. Main factor consisted of three levels of irrigation (irrigation after 60 mm, 90 mm and 120 mm of accumulated evapotranspiration of class A pan evaporation and sub-plots of 8 different levels of salicylic acidapplication (0.5 molar), no application of salicylic acid, 4 levels of seaweed extracts applications 0, 50, 100 and 150 grams. Results of this study showed that drought stress decreased the rate of photosynthesis and chlorophyll content, but the salicylic acid increased both the rate of photosynthesis and chlorophyll content. Drought stress also increased proline content, ion leakage from the membrane and antioxidant enzyme activities such as catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase and reduced the grain yield. Application of salicylic acid increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, but the response to salicylic acid was not similar in various levels of seaweed. The lowest grain yield was obtained from  irrigation after 120 mm evaporation and without application of seaweed. Highest grain yield was obtained from irrigation after 60 mm evaporation and 150 g. seaweed treatment. Application of seaweed enhanced the grain yield production. Application of salicylic acid also, increased grain yield by 4.5%. According to the results of this study, it seems that application of salicylic acid and seaweed may reduce some negative effects of drought stress. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - The Effect of Drought Stress on Yield and Agrophysiological Characteristics of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes under Irrigated and Rainfed Conditions
Hamid Khoshkhabar Abbas Maleki Mohammad Mirzaeiheydari Farzad Babaii

10.30495/JCEP.2022.1885605.1642

This study was carried out in a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Sarableh Agriculture Research Station in Ilam. Irrigation and non-irrigation (rainfed cultivation) were assigned to the main plots and 20 wheat gen More

This study was carried out in a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Sarableh Agriculture Research Station in Ilam. Irrigation and non-irrigation (rainfed cultivation) were assigned to the main plots and 20 wheat genotypes to the sub plots. The amount of total SOD, CAT, and APX activities, RWC, prolin and yield were measured. Irrigated condition showed a significant difference effect on grain yield, yield, 1000 grain weight, grain number per spike, relative leaf water content, prolin content and anti-oxidant enzymes activities. Relative water content of leaves decreased by 33% and 21% compared to optimal irrigation conditions in the first and second years of experiment, respectively. Prolin content increased by 81% in rainfed conditions. Catalase, Superoxide Dismutase and Ascorbate peroxidase activities were also increased under rainfed condition. Significant variation was observed among genotypes for traits under study and the rate of variation of traits under dryland conditions was not similar for different genotypes. Cultivation under rainfed conditions decreased grain number per spike (24%) and grain weight per spike (16%). Cultivation under rainfed conditions reduced grain yield by 29 and 41% in the first and second year, respectively. But, the percentage of yield losses in both two years of experiment were not similar for different genotypes. The results showed that the rainfed condition affected the crop yield, and all of traits under experiment. Thus, the means of traits of genotypes under irrigated and rainfed conditions were significantly different. The activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase), relative water content of leaf and proline percentages in rainfed conditions were significantly increased as compared to irrigated condition. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - Variation of Pigment Content and Antioxidant Enzyme Activites in Pinto Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Seedlings under Salt Stress
سجاد Moharramnejad M. Valizadeh

Effects of salt stress (NaCl) on fresh weight, pigment content and superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), and catalase (CAT) activities in nine genotypes of pinto bean exposed to two levels of NaCl )0 and 400 mM( were studied. A factorial experiment on the basis More

Effects of salt stress (NaCl) on fresh weight, pigment content and superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), and catalase (CAT) activities in nine genotypes of pinto bean exposed to two levels of NaCl )0 and 400 mM( were studied. A factorial experiment on the basis of completely randomized design was carried out in laboratory conditions. Salinity stress increased carotenoids in the leaves while it decreased chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll significantly. Salinity reduced by 24.31% fresh weight. Electrophoretic analyses were performed by using 8% slab polyacrylamide gels. For each isozymic band the “density × area” scores onto gels were evaluated by MCID software as enzymatic activity. Three isozymes were observed for each of SOD and POX and one for CAT. Salt stress increased activities of all observed enzymes. Application of salt stress increased activities of SOD1, SOD2 and SOD3. Their activity increment was estimate to be 26.31, 13.89 and 17.64 percent respectively. POX1, POX2 and POX3 activity increment, were also estimated to be48.38, 21 and 43.02 percent respectively. In the case of CAT it was 43.85 percent. Antioxidant enzymes activity increment could be important strategy for reducing the damage caused by oxidative stress. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - Changes of Germination Properties, Photosynthetic Pigments and Anti Oxidant Enzymes Activity of Safflower as Affected by Drought and Salinity Stresses
علیرضا Sirousmehr J. Bardel S. Mohammadi

To evaluate the effects of drought and salinity stresses on some germination characteristics, contents of photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes (CAT, APX and GPX) in the leaves of safflower, a factorial experiment based on CRD was conducted during 2012 at both More

To evaluate the effects of drought and salinity stresses on some germination characteristics, contents of photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes (CAT, APX and GPX) in the leaves of safflower, a factorial experiment based on CRD was conducted during 2012 at both laboratory and greenhouse of Zabol University with four replications. To expose the plants to drought (0, -6 and -8 bars) and salinity stresses (5, 10 and 15 ds.m-1) PEG 6000 and NaCl were used respectively. The results indicated that the effects of factors on germination percentage and rate, chlorophyll a and b contents and antioxidants enzymes activities were significant. The result of laboratory study revealed a reduction in percentage and speed of germination when plants exposed to negative osmotic potential. Photosynthetic pigments of plant leaves grown in greenhouse significantly decreased by increasing drought and salinity stresses. Increasing drought stress along with soluble salts changed the activity of some antioxidant enzymes. Enzymes’ activity of both CAT and GPX were increased when the plants expose to PEG drought stress, but decreased against the levels of salt stress. APX activity also increased due to drought stress. Interactive effects of drought×salinity stresses indicated that under lower stress GPX enzymes increased salinity, and under severe stress APX was highly increased. It means the production and activity of plant defensive system like these enzymes in recent tensions and leads to protect or make plants tolerate against oxidative stress induced by drought and salinity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - Evaluation of Grain Yield and some Biochemical Characteristics of Five Chickpea Cultivars (Cicer arietinum L.) under Drought Stress in Kermanshah Region
Seyed Mohammad Naseh Hosseini Mohsen Saeidi Cirous Mansourifar

To study the effect of water deficit on biochemical changes in chickpea, a split-plot experiment based on complete block design with three replications was carried out at the Research Farm of Razi University in Iran. Moisture regimes with three levels, were: 1) irrigati More

To study the effect of water deficit on biochemical changes in chickpea, a split-plot experiment based on complete block design with three replications was carried out at the Research Farm of Razi University in Iran. Moisture regimes with three levels, were: 1) irrigation cut off from beginning of flowering till maturity, 2) irrigation cut off from beginning of podding till maturity and 3) irrigating plants at all stages of growth (control) assigned to the main-plots and five chickpea cultivars: Arman, Azad, Bivanij, Hashem and ILC482 to the sub-plots. Based on the results, two levels of water deficit resulted in significant reduction in the chlorophylls and carotenoids concentration and significant increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as: catalase, peroxidase and super oxide dismutase of leaves, in comparison with control. Therefore, there was a negative correlation between the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the amount of available water in soil, and their activity increased with increasing the severity of water stress. Seed yield was significantly affected by water deficit. In comparison of control treatment, irrigation cut off from the beginning of flowering up to maturity compared to irrigation cut off from podding up to maturity resulted in more reduction in seed yield (36 and 15% respectively). ILC482 cultivar with seed yield of 715 kg.ha-1 under irrigation cut off from the beginning of flowering up to maturity and Arman cultivar with a seed yield of 1355 kg.ha-1 under irrigation cut off from podding up to maturity produced highest grain yield. High yield cultivars under two levels of water deficit including: ILC482, Azad and Bivanij also had the highest photosynthetic pigments concentration and highest antioxidant activity in their leaves. The results also indicated a positive relationship between the antioxidant enzymes activities and photosynthetic pigment concentrations in chickpea which may help to increase growth and yield of chickpea under drought stress conditions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - Response of Some Morpho-physiological Characteristics of Borago (Borago officinalis) to Nano Particles of Titanium Spraying
Roufiya Heydary Romy Payam Moaveny Hossein Hoseinpour Darvishy Mahdi Arefrad

Brago is an important medicinal plant. This study, thus, was conducted with different levels of nano particles of titanium (0.01, 0.03 and 0.05%) and elemental titanium on its different growth stages (4-5 leaf, flowering and after flowering) with four replications in a More

Brago is an important medicinal plant. This study, thus, was conducted with different levels of nano particles of titanium (0.01, 0.03 and 0.05%) and elemental titanium on its different growth stages (4-5 leaf, flowering and after flowering) with four replications in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design at the Agricultural Field of Rement Village of Babol, Mazandaran, Iran, in 2012. Results showed that there were a significant differences between treatments of titanium, time of treatments and between their interactions. Among the traits under study, leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, stem fresh weigh at 1% and plant hight, stem dry weight, total plant fresh weight and total plant dry weight at %5 levels of probabilities showed significant differences for their interaction between different treatments of titanium and different stage of development. The highest plant height, leaf dry weight and plant fresh weight and plant dry weight were produced when nano particles of titanium applied after flowering stage. Where as, the highest fresh leaf, fresh stem weight and total plant fresh weights were obtained when plants treated with titanium at flowering stage. On the other hand, dry weight of flowering branches showed significant negative correlation with GPX antioxidant enzyme. The lowest GPX antioxidant enzyme was produced when nano particles of titanium were applied after flowering stage at 0.01% probability level. As a whole, the results of this experiment suggest that there are significant differences among titanium treatments when they are applied at different growth stages of this plant. This study also showed that application of nano particles of titanium after flowering of this plant increased its flowering branches. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - Effect of adding earth worm to diet on hematological parameters and hepatic enzymes of bester (Acipenser ruthenus× Huso huso)
زهره رحمتی‌پرست حبیب وهاب‌زاده محمود محسنی

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of replacement of dietary fish meal with earthworm in Bester (Acipenser ruthenus × Huso huso) diet.  450 fish (350±35 g) were adapted with new condition and distributed into 9 concrete tanks and were More

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of replacement of dietary fish meal with earthworm in Bester (Acipenser ruthenus × Huso huso) diet.  450 fish (350±35 g) were adapted with new condition and distributed into 9 concrete tanks and were reared with three experimental treatments (100%pelleted diet as a control, 15% live food + 85% pelleted diet and 30% live food + 70% pelleted diet) throughout 8 weeks. After 8 weeks of rearing, the blood samples were collected to assess haematological parameters of fish in the various treatments. Result showed significant differences in blood parameters such as white and red blood cell, Hb, Htc, MCH, Neutrophil, Lymphocyte and Monocyte (P<0.05), But there were no significant difference in and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC;%) and eosinophil.  In this study significant differences were observed in cholesterol, triglyceride, alkaline phosphates, SGPT and SGOT, levels but there is no significant differences were observed in total protein, albumin, urea and blood nitrogen between treatments. According to the results, adding 15% earthworm into pelleted diet improved blood parameters and can be replaced in pelleted diet. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

35 - Biochemical effects of olive leaf extract in ovariectomized rats
M.R. Nasirzadeh jafar rahmani kahnamoei

Estrogen depletion in postmenopausal women and ovariectomized animals causes abnormalities in lipid metabolism, weight gain and fat accumulation in non-adipose tissues such as liver. On the other hand, estrogen replacement therapy may cause side effects including breast More

Estrogen depletion in postmenopausal women and ovariectomized animals causes abnormalities in lipid metabolism, weight gain and fat accumulation in non-adipose tissues such as liver. On the other hand, estrogen replacement therapy may cause side effects including breast cancer. Olive leaf is a significant source of bioactive phenolic compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and radical scavenging capacity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Olive Leaf Extract (OLE) on liver enzymes, serum lipid profileand atherogenic index. For this purpose, 21 female Wistar rats were randomly allocated into 3 groups: 1- control (intact animals), 2- ovariectomized: OVX ( ovaries removed by surgery) and 3- treatment group (OVX+received OLE) Which  received 100 mg/kg OLE in 0.5 ml drinking water using gavage for 8 weeks. At the end of the treatment, levels of liver enzymes and serum lipid profiles were measured. Body weight was increased significantly in OVX group in comparison to control group (pp˂0.05).This study showed that oral administration of 100 mg/kg/day of OLE for 8 weeks can prevent increase of lipid profile, liver enzymes and atherogenic index in serum of ovariectomized rats. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

36 - A survey on hemogram, osmotic fragility and antioxidant enzyme changes of erythrocytes in dogs treated with Garlic
Bahman Mosallanejad Misagh Jalali Mohammad Razi Jalali Shahrzad Alipoor

10.30495/jvcp.2020.670354

Garlic is a medicinal herbwith antioxidant, anti-hyperlipidemic and antidiabetic properties which is extensively used in the treatment of diseases. The purpose of the present study was to assess probable hematologic alterations and the activity of some erythrocyte antio More

Garlic is a medicinal herbwith antioxidant, anti-hyperlipidemic and antidiabetic properties which is extensively used in the treatment of diseases. The purpose of the present study was to assess probable hematologic alterations and the activity of some erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes following garlic administration in dogs. In this study, ten male dogs were treated with garlic tablet with a dosage of 100 mg/kg, once daily for 45 days. Blood samples were collected three times on days zero, 45 and 60 of the experiment. Complete blood count (CBC), erythrocyte morphology, reticulocyte count, Heinz body and erythrocyte osmotic fragility test were performed. The activity of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes including SOD (superoxide dismutase) and GPX (glutathione peroxidase) were also assessed. Garlic administration in dogs caused a significant reduction in erythrocyte count, hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration on day 60 compared to day zero (p <0.05). In addition, a significant decrease was observed in mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) on days 45 and 60 and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) on day 60 (p <0.05). Osmotic fragility assessment of RBC’s indicated that the percentage of hemolysis was significantly decreased in 0.55%, 0.50%, 0.45% and 0.40% salt concentrations (p <0.05). Moreover, a significant increase was observed in the activity of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes, SOD and GPX on day 60 (p <0.05). The present study showed that garlic tablet administration with the dosages used in the present study, did not induce considerable destructive effects on erythrocytes while improving antioxidant defense system and osmotic tolerance of red blood cells. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

37 - Effects of silver nanoparticles synthesized through chemical reduction on plasma superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes in rat model
elham ghavidelaghdam mohamad narimanirad alireza lotfi

Abstract    With possibility of synthesis of silver nanoparticles in citrate-coated form and via chemical method, the aim of this study was synthesis of silver nanoparticles by chemical reduction method and investigation of the impact of nanoparticles on super More

Abstract    With possibility of synthesis of silver nanoparticles in citrate-coated form and via chemical method, the aim of this study was synthesis of silver nanoparticles by chemical reduction method and investigation of the impact of nanoparticles on superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes in an animal model. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical reduction with a mixture of distilled water and sodium borohydrate and adding silver nitrate and sodium citrate to the obtained solution. In vivo study was conducted using 40 adult male rats with an average weight of 100 grams. Animals were divided into four groups, as control, placebo, and treatment groups receiving silver nanoparticle solutions (100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively). The treatment groups received silver nanoparticle solutions (100 and 200 mg/kg) on the first and the seventh days of experiment intraperitoneally. Oxidative effects of injected high concentrations of silver nanoparticles (200 mg/kg) lead to mortality in the experimental animals. Infusion of silver nanoparticles at concentrations of 100 and 200 milligrams per kilogram of body weight decreased the activity of plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). This reduction was significantly higher (p<0.01) at the dose of 200 mg/kg. In conclusion, studies on animal models showed that the concentrations of 100 and 200 milligrams per kilogram of body weight of silver nanoparticles synthesized by chemical reduction method decreases the activity of antioxidant enzymes, eventually leading to mortality. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

38 - The effects of aqueous extract of white tea on serum antioxidant enzymes in rats exposed to arsenic
mohammadhassan rasoulifard felor zargari

Oxidative stress is a condition is which the biological system's ability to detoxify and eliminate harmful effects of free radicals is not sufficient and oxidative damages to cells or tissues  leads to the development of diseases such as cancer, arteriosclerosis an More

Oxidative stress is a condition is which the biological system's ability to detoxify and eliminate harmful effects of free radicals is not sufficient and oxidative damages to cells or tissues  leads to the development of diseases such as cancer, arteriosclerosis and degenerative changes. Phenolic compounds due to their high antioxidant capacity, have an important role in health and increase the antioxidant defense against oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of white tea on status of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GPx), MDA (malondialdehyde) and TAC (total antioxidant capacity) in rats treated with sodium arsenite. In this study, 32 adult male rats weighing 200-250 g were used in four groups of eight. The first group included healthy normal rats (control group), the second group of rats were treated with sodium arsenite (100 ppm in drinking water) the third group of rats were treated with aqueous extract of white tea at a concentration of 1/5%, via gavage, the fourth group of rats were treated with aqueous extract of white tea (1/5%) via gavage with sodium arsenite (100 ppm in drinking water). The rats were killed at the end of the 28th day of treatment and blood samples were collected and the antioxidant enzymes of CAT (catalase), SOD (superoxide dismutase), GPx (glutathione peroxidase), and MDA and TAC were measured. The results indicate that the aqueous extract of white tea significantly increased the activities of SOD, GPx, CAT and TAC and decreased   MDA concentration (p<0.05). The results showed consummation of white tea decreased the oxidative stress of arsenic by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and potentiation of antioxidant defense system.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

39 - Effect of olive leaf alcoholic extract on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in adult male rats
mohammadreza nasirzade miralireza Nourazar leila Roshangar

   Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is present at various degrees in kidney transplants. Several studies suggest that renal ischemia reperfusion (RIR) can induce acute kidney injury.  Liver diseases and neurological disorders related to kidney injury is a commo More

Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is present at various degrees in kidney transplants. Several studies suggest that renal ischemia reperfusion (RIR) can induce acute kidney injury.  Liver diseases and neurological disorders related to kidney injury is a common clinical problem. Olive leaf is a significant source of bioactive phenolic compounds. They have better antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory and radical scavenging. In this study 50 male rats were allocated randomly into 5 groups: control (intact animals), group-1(I/R 60min+olive leaf extract), group-2 (I/R 60min), group-3(I/R 120min+olive leaf extract)and group-4(I/R 120min).The animals  received 100 mg/kg olive leaf extract in0.5 ml drinking water using gavage for 28 days. Other animals received 0.5 ml normal saline by gavages. At the end of the treatment, the level of antioxidant enzymes including TAC, MDA, SOD and GPX were determined in renal tissue. Administration of olive leaf extract can significantly increase activity of TAC, GPX and SOD in group1and 3compared with group2and4. Also, MDA level in renal tissue of treated groups was significantly lower than ischemia-reperfusion groups (p<0.05). This study showed that olive leaf extract has protective effects against renal ischemic-reperfusion injury. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

40 - Serumic concentration of cardiac troponin and some enzymes in horses with strangles
علی Hassanpour مجید Fartashvand

This study was conducted on horses to investigate the effect of strangles on cardiac troponin fluctuations and activity of some serum enzymes. The research was done on 30 horses with strangles and 29 normal horses. Sick horses were confirmed on the basis of clinical and More

This study was conducted on horses to investigate the effect of strangles on cardiac troponin fluctuations and activity of some serum enzymes. The research was done on 30 horses with strangles and 29 normal horses. Sick horses were confirmed on the basis of clinical and laboratory signs (culture of nasal and lymph nodes discharges for Streptococcus equi). Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein. The serum activity of cardiac troponin was measured by ELISA kit and gama gluthamil transferase (GGT), alanine amino tramsferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured by biochemical kits. The mean heart rate increased significantly (p<0.05) in horses with strangles. The mean cardiac troponin also increased significantly (p=0.001). Serum activity of GGT, CK, ALP and ALT enzymes were increased significantly (p= 0.41, p= 0.006 and p=0.001, respectively) in horses with strangles. In conclusion, serumic concentration of cardiac troponin and GGT, CK, ALP and ALT enzymes increase after strangles in the horse. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

41 - The Effect of Dried Barberry Root Supplementation on Muscular Pain and Serum Antioxidant Enzymes Following a Session of Eccentric Exhaustion Exercise in Non-athlete Women
Nematollah Nikmanesh hadi ghaedi

10.30495/varzesh.2021.1918664.1001

Introduction: Antioxidant use can affect delayed muscle soreness, inflammation, and oxidative markers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dried barberry root supplementation on muscle pain and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) a More

Introduction: Antioxidant use can affect delayed muscle soreness, inflammation, and oxidative markers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dried barberry root supplementation on muscle pain and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) following a session of eccentric exhausting activity in non-athlete women. Materials and methods: In this quasi-experimental study, thirty non-athlete women aged 20 to 30 years were randomly divided into three groups of 10, including 1- eccentric exhaustion activity (control group), 2- eccentric exhaustion activity + placebo (placebo group) and 3- eccentric exhaustion activity + barberry supplement (Barberry group). On the pretest day, all three groups participated in an exhaustive eccentric activity. Blood samples were taken from the subjects before and after the activity. Then, the subjects participated in a group-specific supplementation program for 2 weeks. Groups 2 and 3 received dried barberry root and flour powder with a daily dose of 3 capsules of 250 mg respectively. After two weeks of receiving the interventions, all three groups again participated in the post-test similar to the pre-test in the eccentric exhausting physical activity with the same intensity and duration .Blood samples were taken again from the subjects before and after this activity To analyze the data, 2×  4 factor analysis of variance (2 groups and 4 times of measurement)  including Bonferroni post- hoc test was used(P≥0.05). Findings: Eccentric exhausting activity and eccentric exhausting activity+barberry supplement had no significant effect on changes in serum levels of SOD and CAT (P≤0.05). Althougheccentric exhausting activity significantly increased serum GPX levels and muscle pain (P≤0.05); this increase was less in the barberry supplement group (P≥0.05). Conclusion: It seems that one session of eccentric exhausting activity can increase muscle soreness and serum GPX levels in non-athlete women. However, 14 days of barberry supplementation can reduce its levels. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

42 - The effect of resistance training with different intensities on liver enzymes levels in patients with fatty liver: The case for Ahvaz disciplinary force staff
Abbas Khalili Masoud Nikbakht Mohsen Ghanbarzadeh Sedigheh Karampour

10.30495/varzesh.2022.1961184.1037

Introduction: Fatty liver disease is the most common cause of liver enzyme disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of resistance training with different intensities on liver enzymes levels in patients with fatty liver who were working as disciplinary More

Introduction: Fatty liver disease is the most common cause of liver enzyme disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of resistance training with different intensities on liver enzymes levels in patients with fatty liver who were working as disciplinary force staff in Ahvaz, Iran.Materials and methods: Participants in this study were patients with fatty liver in age range of 30-50 years who were working as disciplinary force staff in Ahvaz, Iran. Out of 200 patients diagnosed with fatty liver, 30 volunteers were selected and studied in this study. The participants were randomly divided into 3 groups of 10 subjects, including: 1. High-intensity resistance training 2. Moderate-intensity resistance training, and 3. Control group. Using blood sampling, the levels of AST, ALT and ALKp enzymes were measured in the laboratory at the beginning and end of 8 weeks of resistance training. Data normalization was performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests. Also, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and LSD post hoc test were used to examine the differences between the three groups. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software version 18 at a significance level of 0.05 (α = 0.05).Findings: The results showed that high intensity resistance training had a significant effect on AST, ALT and ALKp enzymes (P ≤ 0.001). On the other hand, moderate intensity training had a significant effect on AST and ALT enzymes (P ≤ 0.001), while this type of training had no significant effect on ALKp levels (P ≤ 0.099). Conclusion: Both moderate and high intensity resistance training can improve AST, ALT and ALKp enzyme levels; however, high-intensity resistance training seems to play a more prominent part. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

43 - Effect of different concentrations of KNO3 on physiological and biochemical properties of maize (Zea mays L.) under Salinity Stress
Homa Zarei محمد صدقی Salim Farzaneh Haniyeh Saadat

In order to investigate the effect of different concentrations of KNO3 on physiological and biochemical properties of maize (Zea mays L.) under salinity stress a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design at the University of Mohaghegh Arda More

In order to investigate the effect of different concentrations of KNO3 on physiological and biochemical properties of maize (Zea mays L.) under salinity stress a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design at the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2021. Treatments included three salinity levels (0, 100 and 200 Mm) and three KNO3 levels (0, 1.5 and 3%). The results showed that the highest germination percentage (GP), germination rate (GR), germination uniformity (GU), radicle and plumule length (RL and PL) and radicle fresh and dry weight (RFW and RDW) was related to priming with KNO3 3% and without salinity. Mean of germination time (MGT) compared to the control showed a reduction about 53%. The activity of catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzymes in priming with KNO3 3% and 200 mM salinity compared to the control showed an increase about 56, 68 and 67%, respectively. Salinity decreased the activity of amylase, but priming with KNO3 increased the activity of this enzyme. The total seed protein content in KNO3 3% pretreatment and without salinity was increased about 63%. In general, priming with KNO3 3% solution can be considered as the best treatment to improve the physiological and biochemical properties of corn under salinity stress. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

44 - The effect of pretreatment with different concentrations of urea on physiological and biochemical properties of maize (Zea mays L.) under Salinity Stress
Homa Zarei Mohammad Sedghi Salim Farzaneh Haniyeh Saadat

In order to investigate Effect of different concentrations of urea on physiological and biochemical properties of maize (Zea mays L.) under Salinity Stress a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design at the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili More

In order to investigate Effect of different concentrations of urea on physiological and biochemical properties of maize (Zea mays L.) under Salinity Stress a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design at the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2021. The investigated factors were different levels of salinity (zero, 100 and 200 mM) and different levels of urea solution (zero, 1.5 and 3%). The results showed that salinity stress decreased Germination Percentage (GP), Germination Rate (GR), Germination uniformity (GU), Radicle and Pedicel Length (RL and PL) and Radicle Fresh and Dry Weight (RFW and RDW), But priming with urea improved these traits. The highest Medium Germination Time (MGT) was related at 200 mM salinity and control (distilled water). The activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes increased with salinity intensification and the highest amount was observed at 200 mM salinity. Priming with 3% urea solution improved these enzymes. The superoxide dismutase enzyme activity in priming with 3% urea and 200 mM salinity compared to the control showed an increase about 61%. Amylase and protein in pretreatment with urea 3% and without salinity compared to the control showed an increase respectively about 73% and 70%. According to the observed results, seeds primed with 3% urea solution had the greatest effect on salinity stress in maize. According to the observed results, seeds primed with 3% urea solution had the greatest effect on salinity stress in maize. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

45 - Qualitative study of apricot varieties of Prunus armeniaca cv Shahroudi during different harvesting stages
jasim taha Jafar Hajilou Qolamreza dehghan

Today, much attention is paid to the quality of fruits, including those of nuclear origin, with regard to their after-harvest life. The purpose of this research was to evaluate some of the qualitative traits during the final stages of growth and determine the time of ha More

Today, much attention is paid to the quality of fruits, including those of nuclear origin, with regard to their after-harvest life. The purpose of this research was to evaluate some of the qualitative traits during the final stages of growth and determine the time of harvesting apricot of Shahroodi cultivar according to the time and market of consumption. Apricot fruits were harvested in 3 different time intervals (distance between each harvest and another three days). Experiment was conducted on randomized complete block design in three treatments (different stages of harvesting) and four replications (main tree species). The measured qualitative traits included total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), vitamin C, fruit firmness, pH of fruit extract, phenol, flavonoid, total antioxidant capacity, anthocyanin, antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase) , Polyphenol oxidase) and total protein. All traits were significant at 5% level and changed during harvesting. Antioxidant enzymes increased during harvesting, except polyphenol oxidase, phenols and flavonoids decreased. According to the results, it seems that the best harvest time for this apricot is the second harvest. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

46 - A study on the allelopathic effect of olive fruit pomace (Olea europaea L.) on some physiological parameters and yield of three wheat cultivars in climatic conditions of Khuzestan
Azin Ghafarizadeh Seyyed Mansour Seyyed nejad Mozhan Vafaei Abdolali Gilani Azra Saboora

This study was designed in order to investigate the allelopathic effect of olive fruit pomace on some physiological parameters and yield of three wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum). A pot experiment was used based on a factorial study with completely randomized design More

This study was designed in order to investigate the allelopathic effect of olive fruit pomace on some physiological parameters and yield of three wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum). A pot experiment was used based on a factorial study with completely randomized design and three replications at five levels (0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 % W/W) of olive fruit pomace and three wheat cultivars (Triticale, Karkhe and Chamran). The amount of soluble proteins of leaf, activities of peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase enzymes of leaf, and amount of malondialdehyde of leaf at ear emergence stage and spike weight, spike length, grain number per spike, grain weight per spike, 1000 grain weight, total harvest index, grain proline content, and grain soluble carbohydrate content at complete ripeness stage of wheat were measured. According to the results, amount of soluble proteins of leaf, activity of peroxidase of leaf, spike weight, spike length, grain number per spike, grain weight per spike, 1000 grain weight and total harvest index decreased in the three wheat cultivars with an increase in the content of olive pomace in the soil compared to the control. But the amount of activity of ascorbate peroxidase and catalase enzyme of leaf, amount of malondialdehyde of leaf, grain proline, and grain soluble carbohydrate content showed increase in the three wheat cultivars by increasing the content of olive pomace in the soil compared to the control. Since olive fruit pomace contains phenolic compounds, the inhibitory effects of olive pomace on wheat growth are attributed to these compounds.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

47 - Investigation the role of nitric oxide on drought tolerance of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.)
Omid Sadeghipour

Drought is one of the most important adverse environmental factors that limits crop production. Nitric oxide (NO) as a signaling molecule contributes in plant response to environmental stresses. Therefore, in order to investigate the effects of NO on drought tolerance o More

Drought is one of the most important adverse environmental factors that limits crop production. Nitric oxide (NO) as a signaling molecule contributes in plant response to environmental stresses. Therefore, in order to investigate the effects of NO on drought tolerance of mung bean (cv. Partow), a field experiment was done in the south of Tehran in 2015. The study was conducted as a randomized complete block design with 9 treatments and 4 replications. In this experiment, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) solution was used as NO donor. Treatments included control, drought stress, seed treatment, foliar application at the vegetative stage, foliar application at the reproductive stage, seed treatment + foliar application at the vegetative stage, seed treatment + foliar application at the reproductive stage, foliar application at the vegetative and reproductive stages, and seed treatment + foliar application at the vegetative and reproductive stages. Results showed that due to the drought stress, antioxidant enzymes activities such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline concentrations were increased but the relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll value, leaf area index (LAI), and seed yield decreased. However, application of SNP by further increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and proline accumulation, reduced the MDA content while improving the RWC, chlorophyll value, LAI, and eventually the seed yield under drought stress. Among SNP application treatments, seed treatment + foliar application at the vegetative and reproductive stages was the most effective, although it was not significantly difference from the other treatments including SNP foliar application at the reproductive stage. According to the findings of the study, application of NO may be recommended as a useful tool for improving drought tolerance of mung bean. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

48 - Effect of salicylic acid on some growth and biochemical characters of Solanum tuberosum cv. Agria under salinity stress on in vitro condition
Ahmad Abdolzade Zahra Soleiman nejad Hamid reza Sadeghe pour

Salinity is an abiotic stress that seriously constrains agricultural production including potatoes in most regions of the world. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of salicylic acid, on growth properties and biochemical characteristics of in vitro cult More

Salinity is an abiotic stress that seriously constrains agricultural production including potatoes in most regions of the world. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of salicylic acid, on growth properties and biochemical characteristics of in vitro cultureof Solanum tuberosum cv. Agria under salinity stress. The study was carried out at a completely random design with eight replications in the Department of Horticulture of University of Tabriz. Variables under study included salinity stress at two levels (0 and 70 mM/L sodium chloride) and salicylic acid at four levels (0, 1, 10, and 100 mM/L). Results showed that salicylic acid significantly mitigated the effects of salinity. Therefore, the highest plantlet length was recorded under salinity along with 10 mM salicylic acid treatment showing the positive effect of the treatment on mitigating the influences of salinity. However, the concentrations of salicylic acid higher than 10mM/L not only had no effect on plants, but also negatively influenced the effects of salinity stress. Also, antioxidant enzyme activity of the plantlets had a considerable increase at all concentrations of salicylic acid and levels of salinity. Moreover, the study suggested that Solanum tuberosum cv. Agria was relatively sensitive to salinity stress and all characteristics of the plants under study were influenced with salinity. Also, application of salicylic acid caused improvement in the growth and biochemical properties of the plants under study increasing their tolerance against salinity stress.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

49 - Effect of the growth retardant chlormequat chloride (CCC) and different levels of nitrogen on some physiological and biochemical characteristics and yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar makuyi
Ahmad Afkari Mitra Abbasi

To study the effects of different concentrations of chlormequat chloride and different levels of nitrogen on some physiological and biochemical characteristics and yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar makuyi a factorial randomized complete block design was used More

To study the effects of different concentrations of chlormequat chloride and different levels of nitrogen on some physiological and biochemical characteristics and yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar makuyi a factorial randomized complete block design was used with 4 replications in spring 2015. Treatments included chlormequat chloride concentrations (0, 500, 1,000, and 1500 mg/ha) and nitrogen at 3 levels (50, 100, and 150 kg/ha). Results suggest a significant difference between interaction effects of chlormequat chloride and nitrogen fertilizer on chlorophyll content, relative water content, yield and protein percentage, and  activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes at 1% probability level and in the number of seeds per spike, 1000 seed weight, and glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity at 5% probability level. An increase in the consumption of nitrogen fertilizer decreased the relative water content of leaves due to reduced leaf water potential. Chlormequat chloride by transferring sufficient photosynthetic material to the seeds played an important role in their filling and increased seed weight. Also, the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase enzymes were decreased by increasing the consumption of chlormequat chloride concentration and nitrogen uptake. In general, through applying 1500 mg/ha chlormequat chloride and 150 kg/ha nitrogen, the highest chlorophyll content, relative water content, yield components, yield, and protein percent were obtained. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

50 - Effect of salicylic acid on some growth and biochemical characters of Solanum tuberosum cv. Agria under salinity stress on in vitro condition
farzaneh Fakhimi Alireza Motallebi Azar Fariborz Zaree Nahandi Nemat Sokhandan Bashir Gholamreza Gohari

Salinity is an abiotic stress that seriously constrains agricultural production including potatoes in most regions of the world. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of salicylic acid, on growth properties and biochemical characteristics of in vitro cult More

Salinity is an abiotic stress that seriously constrains agricultural production including potatoes in most regions of the world. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of salicylic acid, on growth properties and biochemical characteristics of in vitro cultureof Solanum tuberosum cv. Agria under salinity stress. The study was carried out at a completely random design with eight replications in the Department of Horticulture of University of Tabriz. Variables under study included salinity stress at two levels (0 and 70 mM/L sodium chloride) and salicylic acid at four levels (0, 1, 10, and 100 mM/L). Results showed that salicylic acid significantly mitigated the effects of salinity. Therefore, the highest plantlet length was recorded under salinity along with 10 mM salicylic acid treatment showing the positive effect of the treatment on mitigating the influences of salinity. However, the concentrations of salicylic acid higher than 10mM/L not only had no effect on plants, but also negatively influenced the effects of salinity stress. Also, antioxidant enzyme activity of the plantlets had a considerable increase at all concentrations of salicylic acid and levels of salinity. Moreover, the study suggested that Solanum tuberosum cv. Agria was relatively sensitive to salinity stress and all characteristics of the plants under study were influenced with salinity. Also, application of salicylic acid caused improvement in the growth and biochemical properties of the plants under study increasing their tolerance against salinity stress. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

51 - The study of the effects of cytokinin and gibberellin on germination characteristics and antioxidant enzymes activity in deteriorated seeds of corn cultivars (Zea mays L.)
saedeh rashidy

Deterioration of seed is one of the vigor reducing factors limiting seed germination. Determination of factors affecting seed deterioration is important. In order to determine the effect of plant hormones on germination characteristics and antioxidant enzymes activities More

Deterioration of seed is one of the vigor reducing factors limiting seed germination. Determination of factors affecting seed deterioration is important. In order to determine the effect of plant hormones on germination characteristics and antioxidant enzymes activities of deteriorated corn seeds an experiment was carried out at seed and biotechnology laboratories of College of Agriculture, Tehran University in 2019. The study was designed with a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. The experiment treatments included varieties at 2 levels (704 single cross hybrid and 260 single cross hybrid), accelerated aging at 4 levels (0, 5, 10, and 15 day), and hormones at 2 levels (gibberellin and cytokinin). Seed deterioration reduced germination indexes and peroxidase and catalase enzymes activity. Treatment of deteriorated seeds with cytokinin and gibberellin increased antioxidant enzymes activities. Cytokinin was more effective than gibberellin in increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes in deteriorated seeds. Results indicated that low seed vigor decreased the activity of enzymes and plant hormones as an agronomy solution compensated for the loss in low vigor seeds. Also, cultivar 704, with a higher vigor indicated amore enzyme activity than cultivar260.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

52 - vEvaluation of the effect of vermicompost and salinity stress on the pigments content and some biochemical characteristics of Borage (Borago Officinalis L.)
Ahmad Afkari Parvin Farajpour

In order to investigate the effects of salinity and vermicompost on the antioxidant enzymes activity and photosynthetic pigments of Borage officinalis L., a factorial experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with four replications in 2015. The study More

In order to investigate the effects of salinity and vermicompost on the antioxidant enzymes activity and photosynthetic pigments of Borage officinalis L., a factorial experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with four replications in 2015. The study treatments consist of four vermicompost levels (0, 5, 10, and 15% wt potted soil in dry weight) and four salinity levels 0 (control), 4, 8, and 12 ds/m sodium chloride. The results of analysis of variance showed a considerable influence of salinity stress and vermicompost on the activity level of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and total chlorophyll enzymes. Other results indicated that with increasing salinity, the activity level of antioxidant enzymes and photosynthetic pigments increased and decreased, respectively. Also, use of vermicompost fertilizer raised the levels of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids significantly compared to the control. Comparison of means of the interactions between salinity stress and vermicompost showed that the maximum antioxidant enzymes activity was obtained in 15 wt % vermicompost treatment at the salinity level of 12 ds/m NaCl. Therefore, the use of vermicompost as an organic fertilizer, in addition to increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and photosynthetic pigments, can be a good way to reduce the negative effects of high levels of sodium and chloride ions in soils on the growth of borage. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

53 - Effect of different concentrations of beta-cyclodextrin nanoparticles on growth indexes and enzymatic defense systems, Ion leakage and amount of membrane lipid peroxidation in basil medicinal plant (Ocimum basilicum L. c.v. keshkeni luvelou)
azadeh loni Sara Saadatmand Hossein Lari Yazdi Alireza Iranbakhsh

10.30495/iper.2022.679558

By nanotechnology entrance into the field of medicinal plants, the agricultural industry and food industry ensures an increase in the amount and quality of their products, along with the preservation of the environment. The properties of materials are changed by changin More

By nanotechnology entrance into the field of medicinal plants, the agricultural industry and food industry ensures an increase in the amount and quality of their products, along with the preservation of the environment. The properties of materials are changed by changing their size to nano. The use of beta-cyclodextrin nanoparticles is described as a new protection strategy of the plant and induces a plant defense response. For this purpose, to study the effect of beta-cyclodextrin nanoparticles on the physiologic indexes and biochemical activities in basil of keshkeni luvelou cultivar, an experiment was performed based on a completely randomized design with four replications at four levels of 0.10, 50, 100mg/l in the greenhouse. The results showed that different growth indices such as root and stem length and diameter, fresh and dry weight of roots, shoots, and leaf area increased by 5% compared to the control and the highest increase was reported at 50ppm. Data analysis showed that the effect of different treatments on the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase, peroxidase enzymes, malondialdehyde content, and ion leakage of roots and leaves were significantly increased (P≤5%) compared to the control. Membrane stability index was assessed by measuring the electrolyte leakage of leaves and roots. A significant reduction (P≤5%) of ion leakage and malondialdehyde of roots and leaves was observed in the treatment of 50mg/l nano-beta cyclodextrin which indicates an increase in enzyme activity. With the entrance of nanoparticles into agriculture can minimize the scope of chemical control and disruption of environmental physiological practices. The trend of changes in physiological and biochemical parameters studied in the present study are relatively reliable indicators to introduce the best concentration of beta-cyclodextrin nanoparticles for basil. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

54 - fluctuation of physiological characteristics and tolerance signals in parent's seeds and Seeds exposed to drought stress in cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) plant.
mohammad habibi Mohammad Ali Rezaee Elham Faghani Mehr Ali Mahmood Janloo Mohammad Hossein Razzaghi

10.30495/iper.2021.679563

Drought stress is a limiting factor in growth and production in more than 30% of the world's cultivated areas. One of the ways to deal with drought stress is to cultivate plants that are more resistant to this stress and cotton is one of these plants. There is little in More

Drought stress is a limiting factor in growth and production in more than 30% of the world's cultivated areas. One of the ways to deal with drought stress is to cultivate plants that are more resistant to this stress and cotton is one of these plants. There is little information about the physiological and biochemical properties of cotton under stress conditions and therefore this study was designed to identify the fluctuation of physiological characteristics and tolerance signals in mother seeds and seeds under drought stress in cotton plants. Experimental factorial, in the form of a randomized complete block design, in 5 seed treatments (including 4 levels of stressed seeds and non-stressed seeds) and stressed seeds at 4 levels of irrigation (rainfed, 33%, 66%) And 100% of the field capacity of the farm) was implemented. In this study, the seeds used were exposed to drought stress in 3 stages during different cropping seasons. The results showed that the effect of irrigation on yield and yield components was significant and the highest total yield was observed in 33% seeds under irrigation 33% of field capacity and the highest early maturity was observed in 66% irrigation. The results showed that severe drought and waterlogging reduce cotton yield and 33% seed after 3 years of exposure to moderate stress by stimulating physiological mechanisms and increasing the amount of osmolytes and antioxidant enzymes. And photosynthetic pigments became more adaptable to drought stress. The results of this study showed that the exposure of seeds to mild to moderate stress, strengthens the signaling pathways and increases the potential of seeds to tolerate drought stress, which can be considered by seed propagation centers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

55 - Effect of drought stress on morphological and physiological traits of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
Sahar momeni leila fahmideh Abbasali Emamjomeh Mahmud Solouki Javad Zahiri

Drought stress is the most important factor in decreasing crop yield in most parts of the world. In order to investigate the effect of drought stress on some morphological and physiological traits of sesame plant, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete blo More

Drought stress is the most important factor in decreasing crop yield in most parts of the world. In order to investigate the effect of drought stress on some morphological and physiological traits of sesame plant, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. In this experiment, the effects of different levels of drought stress (5%, 10%, 15%, and 25% field capacity) were investigated on the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, polyphenol oxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and peroxidase, some photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid), some osmotic regulators including proline, and some morphological parameters (number of leaves, root length, stem height, plant height, leaf length, leaf width, dry weight of root, fresh weight of root, fresh weight of shoots, dry weight of shoots, fresh weight of plant, and dry weight of plant). After planting in pots, drought stress (5%, 10%, 15% and 25% of field capacity) was applied at seedling (four-leaf) stage and then the desired traits were measured. Statistical analyses showed that drought stress had a significant effect on all physiological and morphological features at 1% level. Morphological traits and photosynthetic pigments decreased with increasing drought stress (irrigation up to 5% of field capacity). Increasing drought stress levels increased root length in sesame. The highest root length (3.375 cm) was related to 5% of field capacity irrigation and the lowest root length (2.5 cm) was related to control (25% of field capacity irrigation). The highest levels of antioxidant enzymes and proline were also observed at the highest levels of drought stress (5% of field capacity irrigation). Based on the findings, the plant's growth measurements are recommended to be carried out at various developmental stages to find the effects of stress at each stage  so as to get an appropriate understanding of the effects of stress on the plant. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

56 - Effect of foliar application of salicylic acid and biofertilizerson on yield and some biochemical traits of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under water stress
Ahmad Afkari

10.30495/iper.2022.690259

In order to study of the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid and biofertilizerson on yield and some biochemical traits of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under water stress, was investigated using a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design More

In order to study of the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid and biofertilizerson on yield and some biochemical traits of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under water stress, was investigated using a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design in triplicate within the 2019 crop year in the protected area of Horand city of the province of East Azarbaijan. Experimental treatments included the first factor of drought stress at three levels (70, 140 and 210 mm of evaporation from Class A evaporation pan), the second factor of seed inoculation with bacteria at five levels (no inoculation as control, inoculation with Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, Azospirillum and co-inoculation with Azotobacter, Pseudomonas and Azospirillum), and the third factor of salicylic acid foliar application at four levels (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mM). With the application of dehydration, cell membrane stability, maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II and grain yield in basil decreased and carbohydrate accumulation, antioxidant enzyme activity, malondialdehyde content and essential oil content increased. The results of comparing the mean interaction of drought stress and biofertilizers showed that the highest grain yield (917.11 kg / ha) and maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (0.713) were obtained from 70 mm evaporation treatment and the co-inoculation of bacteria (Azotobacter, Pseudomonas and Azospirillum). Salicylic acid (SA) foliar application increased 41.33%, 54.17%, 24.43% and 38.98% of glutathione peroxidase activity, leaf soluble carbohydrates, membrane stability index and essential oil content, and decreased the content of MDA by 54.72% respectively. According to the obtained results, foliar application with salicylic acid and the combined use of bacteria (Azotobacter, Pseudomonas and Azospirillum) could partially eliminate the negative effects of drought stress and improve the yield and quality of basil. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

57 - Effects of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation on Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis) Under Drought Stress
Olia Eshaghi Gorgi Hormoz Fallah yousof niknejad Davood Barari Tari

10.30495/iper.2022.1950524.1768

The use of plant symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is one of the ways to reduce drought stress that has recently been used in agriculture. In the present study, the response of lemon balm (Melissa officinal More

The use of plant symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is one of the ways to reduce drought stress that has recently been used in agriculture. In the present study, the response of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) plants to microbial inoculation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR, Azospirillum brasilense) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF, Glomus mosseae) and co-inoculation (AMF+PGPR) under well-irrigated (100% field capacity) or drought stress (50% field capacity) conditions were investigated. This study was conducted in 2020 in the greenhouse of Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with five replications. The results of the present study showed that drought stress by reducing the relative water content (RWC, 17.8%), declined transpiration rate (E, 62.2%), stomatal conductance (gs, 36.8%), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci, 22.5%), and net photosynthesis (Pn, 48.5%) of the plant compared to control plants. Drought stress also induced oxidative stress by increasing the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (2.1-fold) and methylglyoxal (2-fold), resulting in damage to bio-membranes and photosynthetic apparatus and reduced growth of lemon balm. However, microbial inoculation, especially co-inoculation of PGPR and AMF, by improving the proline content and RWC, restored Ci, E, gs and Pn under drought stress. Microbial treatments by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the glyoxalase system reduced the level of hydrogen peroxide and methylglyoxal and alleviated drought stress-induced oxidative stress, which increased the growth of lemon balm under drought stress by protecting bio-membranes and photosynthetic pigments. Therefore, the results showed that the application of G. mosseae and A. brasilense alleviated the negative effects of drought stress on lemon balm. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

58 - Investigation of heavy metal (Pb+) effect in presence of (Ca2+) on photosynthetic pigmentsand antioxidant enzymes activityof Entromorpha sp.
Belghais Boyok Saeid Soltani Amene sadat Hashemi

10.30495/iper.2022.688799

Lead as one of the most expanded metals in environment, effects on human health. Besides, the biological absorption by algae leads to the reduction of heavy metal pollutions in aqueoussolutions. In this study, accumulation and bioabsorption of Pb+ on biochemical charact More

Lead as one of the most expanded metals in environment, effects on human health. Besides, the biological absorption by algae leads to the reduction of heavy metal pollutions in aqueoussolutions. In this study, accumulation and bioabsorption of Pb+ on biochemical characteristics of green alga Entromorpha was investigated. For this purpose, effects of  different concentrations of Pb2+ (0, 50, 100 and 150 µM Pb(SO4)2) in presence of two concentrations of Ca2+ (0 and 0.5 mM CaCl2) was studied in Entromorpha collected on Caspian Sea in two times of 3 and 8 days in random complete design with 4 replications for photosynthetic pigments content, membrane lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes activity. The results indicated a decreasing rate of chlorophylla and b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid and also activity of polyphenoloxidase enzymewith increase of Pb2+ concentration and stress during. In membrane lipid peroxidation assay, malondialdehyde increased significantly by increase of Pb2+concentration. For these traits including chlorophyll, and carotenoid content and also membrane lipid peroxidation assay, effects of Pb2+ stress decreased by using CaCl2 treatment. The results of antioxidant assay showed that catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and peroxidase activities in both 3 and 8 days stress was high without CaCl2 treatment than using it. In general, the results of this study showed that Pb2+causes oxidative stress and biochemical changes in Enteromorpha green algae. Also, the presence of CaCl2 treatment reduces the effects of stress.  Manuscript profile

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59 - Aluminum positive influences in reduction of copper toxic effects on nitrate reductase and antioxidant enzymes activities of Chlorella vulgaris Beijernick
آرین Sateei شادمان Shokravi نرگس Nateghi

Chlorella vulgaris beijernick was grown in medium BG-11 with 5 concentrations of copper (10, 20, 30, 40, 50μM) without aluminum or with aluminum (300μM) and pH 7.1 for 10 days in 20 hours light and 4 hours darkness. In this study, the effect of different treatment More

Chlorella vulgaris beijernick was grown in medium BG-11 with 5 concentrations of copper (10, 20, 30, 40, 50μM) without aluminum or with aluminum (300μM) and pH 7.1 for 10 days in 20 hours light and 4 hours darkness. In this study, the effect of different treatments on the activity of peroxidase, catalase, Ascorbat peroxidase and superoxid dismotase and nitrate reductase, in vivo, was evaluated. Increase of copper concentration caused increase in activity of antioxidant enzymes. Catalase activity in the presence of aluminum in all copper treatments showed a significant reduction, but peroxidase and Ascorbat peroxidase activities in 20μM treatments decreased significantly when compared with control. The significant decrease in the activity of catalase, peroxidase and Ascorbat peroxidase activity, in 20μM copper with aluminum comparing with 20 μM copper without aluminum was also observed. Results also showed that the effect of different concentrations of copper without aluminum on nitrate reductase activity was not significant and most nitrate reductase activity in treatments with copper and aluminum was observed in 40μM that was significant when compared with 20μM treatment and was not significant when compared with other treatments or control. It is concluded that the presence of aluminum, by increasing some of antioxidant enzymes activities, lead to reduce of copper toxicity and algae growth increases. Manuscript profile

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60 - The study of salinity stress influence on some morphological, biochemical and antioxidant responses of Securigera securidaca L.
Fateme Mirvakili Asghar Mosleh Arani Mohammad Reza Sarafraz Ardakani Hamid Sodaei-Zadeh

In this research in order to study of stress influence(4, 8 and 12 ds/m of NaCl ) on some morphological, biochemical and antioxidantactivity of Securigera securidaca L.  based on a randomized complete design with three replications, the seeds of plant were provided More

In this research in order to study of stress influence(4, 8 and 12 ds/m of NaCl ) on some morphological, biochemical and antioxidantactivity of Securigera securidaca L.  based on a randomized complete design with three replications, the seeds of plant were provided from Esfahan Pakan Bazr Institute and were grown in growth chamber located in Yazd University during September, 2014. Biochemical and antioxidant traits were measured spectrophotometrically. Results were showed that some morphological traits significantly decreased when salinity were increased. The pigments content were not significantly affected by different levels of salinity. Proline, total soluble sugar, flavonoid and anthocyanin content significantly increased in highest level of salinity in compared with other salinity and control treatments. Malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly increased in salinity of 12 ds/m while the most significant activity of DPPH scavenging and superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX) and catalase (CAT) enzymes were showed in salinity of 8 ds/m. in concluded, due to non-significant changes of morphological, biochemical and antioxidant traits in salinity of 4 ds/m especially, it may be suggested that Securiger securidaca L. is a semi-tolerant genotype under salt stress. Manuscript profile

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61 - عصاره اتانولی شاهدانه و ترامادول درجات مسمومیت مشابهی را در موشهای صحرایی ماده ایجاد کردند
چینومسو آرون امانوئل اکوبوگو سلیمان ایجیوما رابرت اوروکو اوچه آرونسی کینگزلی اوگووانی ویکتور اوگویک

10.30495/medherb.2022.691247

Background & Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the toxic effects of Cannabis sativa local gin formulation (CSLGF) and tramadol in adult female Wistar rats.Experimental: Cannabis sativa local gin formulation (CSLGF) was prepared and was subjected to acute toxi More

Background & Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the toxic effects of Cannabis sativa local gin formulation (CSLGF) and tramadol in adult female Wistar rats.Experimental: Cannabis sativa local gin formulation (CSLGF) was prepared and was subjected to acute toxicity tests together with tramadol. In the main study, 25 rats were assigned into 5 groups (n = 5) in which the group 1 received no treatment, groups 2 and 3 received 25 and 50 mg/kg of tramadol, respectively while groups 4 and 5 received 25 and 50 mg/kg of CSLGF, respectively, for 21 days before the rats were sacrificed.Results: Acute toxicity results indicated narrow margins of safety for CSLGF and tramadol with LD50 values of 123.0 and 133.0 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The rats treated with CSLGF lost weight significantly while that administered tramadol had lower weight gains when compared with the control (P<0.05). The red blood cell counts, packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentrations were significantly lowered by CSLGF (P<0.05). However, a significant increase in the number of platelets and white blood cells were observed in groups treated with both CSLGF and tramadol. Results of biochemical changes showed a significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, urea and creatinine with a concurrent decrease in total protein, albumin and globulin values following treatment with both agents (P<0.05), but serum electrolytes concentrations were not significantly altered (P>0.05). Treatment with CSLGF and tramadol also significantly lowered glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities but increased malondialdehyde concentrations when compared with control.Recommended applications/industries: The findings show that although the toxic effects of CSLGF and tramadol in rats are similar, CSLGF appears to have higher toxicity potentials. Extending the current control on tramadol to CSLGF (monkey tail) is urgently needed in Nigeria to protect human lives. Manuscript profile

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62 - فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی، ترکیبات پلی فنولی و همبستگی بین آنها در کاسبرگ گیاه چای ترش
حکیمه علومی شهریار شاکری مجید بهزادی

مقدمه و هدف: عصاره کاسبرگ چای ترش غنی از ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی طبیعی می‌باشد. در این پژوهش بررسی همبستگی فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی و ترکیبات فنولی گیاه چای ترش مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. روش تحقیق: محتوای ترکیبات فنولی کل، فلاونوئیدها و آنتوسیانین ها بصورت اسپکتروفتومتری بررسی More

مقدمه و هدف: عصاره کاسبرگ چای ترش غنی از ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی طبیعی می‌باشد. در این پژوهش بررسی همبستگی فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی و ترکیبات فنولی گیاه چای ترش مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. روش تحقیق: محتوای ترکیبات فنولی کل، فلاونوئیدها و آنتوسیانین ها بصورت اسپکتروفتومتری بررسی شد. فعالیت آنزیم های کاتالاز و پروکسیداز در میلی گرم پروتئین محاسبه شد. فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره بر اساس روش فسفومولیبدات، درصد مهارDPPH و قدرت احیا فریک مورد بررسی قرارگرفت. نتایج و بحث: کاسبرگ چای ترش غنی از ترکیبات فنولی، فلاونوئیدها و آنتوسیانین می‌باشد. فعالیت کاتالاز و پراکسیداز معادل 13/3 و 05/0 واحد در میلی گرم پروتئین بود. بر اساس روش DPPH فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره کاسبرگ بسیار بالا می‌باشد. آزمون همبستگی بین پارامترهای مورد بررسی انجام شد. نتایج همبستگی وجود رابطه بین محتوای ترکیبات فنولی، فلاونوئیدها، آنتوسیانین‌ها و ظرفیت انتی اکسیدانی کاسبرگ گیاه چای ترش را در سطح احتمال 5%  تایید می‌کند. توصیه‌های کاربردی: عصاره کاسبرگ چای ترش غنی از ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی شامل ترکیبات فنولی، فلاونوئیدها و آنتوسیانین می‌باشد. براساس روش های سنجش ظرفت آنتی اکسیدانی، کاسبرگ‌ها فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی قابل قبولی دارند. بنابراین، عصاره این گیاه بعنوان منبع طبیعی ترکیبات اکسیدان قابل استفاده در صنایع غذایی و داروی گیاهی معرفی می‌گردد. Manuscript profile

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63 - فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره متانولی Uapacato genensis در موشهای تحت تاثیر Plasmodium berghei NK65
امینا بوسولا اولوروکوبا بن احمد چیدو یحیی محمدثانی

Background & Aim: Oxidative stress has been linked to the development of systemic complications in malaria infection. Recent approaches in treatment of malaria suggest that the control of oxidative stress in infected patients may be of therapeutic advantage. Th More

Background & Aim: Oxidative stress has been linked to the development of systemic complications in malaria infection. Recent approaches in treatment of malaria suggest that the control of oxidative stress in infected patients may be of therapeutic advantage. The stem bark and leaves of Uapaca togoensis are used locally in the treatment of various diseases including malaria. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activities of the methanol stem bark extract of the plant in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Experimental: Mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 0.2 ml of parasitized erythrocytes and parasitemia level assessed after 72 h by the preparation of thin blood films stained with Geimsa stain. The mice were divided into five groups of six mice each. Groups I and V were administered with distilled water (10 ml/kg) and chloroquine (5 mg/kg) orally for four days. The extract at doses of 250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg were orally administered to groups II, III and IV, respectively, for the same period. Mice were sacrificed under light chloroform. Blood was collected by cardiac puncture and centrifuged at 2,500 rpm for 15 minutes to obtain the serum. The serum was then analyzed to determine the levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and lipid peroxidation product (malondialdehyde - MDA). Results: Oral median lethal dose of the methanol stem bark extract of Uapacatogoensis was estimated to be greater than 5,000 mg/kg. Administration of the extract to P. berghei infected mice produced a significant (p<0.05) increase in superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione and catalase levels in. However, a significant (p<0.05) decrease in lipid peroxidation activity in the parasitized mice was observed. Recommended applications/industries: The plant possesses antioxidant property which can be exploited in the .management of oxidative stress caused by malaria    Manuscript profile

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64 - Effect of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Treatment on Semen Characteristics and Enzymatic Activities of Awassi Rams in Breeding and Non Breeding Seasons
O.I. Azawi A.N.T.M. Al-Khashab N.N.A. Al-Kadoo

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65 - عملکرد و پاسخ های متابولیکی گاوهای تازه زا به استفاده از منبع پیش ساز قندی به صورت روزانه و یا به صورت یک روز در میان
م. کاظمی بن چناری م. جهانی مقدم ع.ر. علیزاده پ. قدرتی ح. شهابی ا. محجوبی م. گرجی دوز

تأثیر نحوه ارائه منبع قندی (ترکیب آن شامل؛ 500 گرم گلیسرین، 250 گرم منوپروپیلن گلیکول، 150 گرم کلسیم پروپیونات، 1 گرم نیاسین و 350 میلیگرم سولفات کبالت در هر کیلوگرم) در گاوهای شیری (به صورت پیوسته یا یک روز در میان) بر عملکرد، متابولیت های خونی و آنزیم ه More

تأثیر نحوه ارائه منبع قندی (ترکیب آن شامل؛ 500 گرم گلیسرین، 250 گرم منوپروپیلن گلیکول، 150 گرم کلسیم پروپیونات، 1 گرم نیاسین و 350 میلیگرم سولفات کبالت در هر کیلوگرم) در گاوهای شیری (به صورت پیوسته یا یک روز در میان) بر عملکرد، متابولیت های خونی و آنزیم های کبدی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. تعداد 24 رأس گاو شیری چند بار زایش کرده در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی (8 رأس در هر تیمار) برای مدت 14 روز بعد از زایش به صورت انفرادی تغذیه شدند. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل؛ 1) عدم استفاده از منبع قندی، 2) استفاده پیوسته از منبع قندی و 3) استفاده یک روز در میان از منبع قندی. استفاده روزانه از منبع قندی در روزهای 3، 4، 5، 6 و 7 بعد زایش و استفاده یک روز در میان در روزهای 3، 5، 7، 9 و 11 بعد زایش بود. مقدار مصرف منبع قندی به صورت مشابه و 1 کیلو در روز برای هر رأس بود. نمونه های خون در روزهای 5 و 14 از دام ها گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد ماده خشک مصرفی در روش استفاده یک روز در میان بهبود یافت (0.05=P). مقدار شیر تصحیح شده برای چربی برای گروه شاهد بیشترین مقدار بود (0.01=P). پروتئین و چربی شیر در تیمارهایی که منبع قندی استفاده کرده بودند نسبت به گروه شاهد بیشتر بود. تعداد سلول های بدنی در تیماری که منبع پیشساز قندی استفاده شده بود نسبت به گروه شاهد کمتر بود (64.5 در برابر 103×365 در هر میلیلیتر بود) (0.02=P). غلظت پروتئین کل در تیماری که منبع قندی به صورت روزانه استفاده شده بود بالاتر بود. غلظت انسولین نیز در تیماری که منبع قندی را به صورت پیوسته مصرف نمودند در روز 5 بالاتر بود (0.05>P). غلظت اسیدهای چرب غیر استریفیه و همچنین بتاهیدروکسی بوتیرات در بین تیمارها تفاوتی نداشت و آنزیم های کبدی تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار نگرفتند. اما شاخص حساسیت به انسولین در تیماری که مکمل پیشساز قندی استفاده شده بود نسبت به شاهد پایینتر بود (0.05>P). به طور خلاصه، بر پایه میزان مصرف ماده خشک در گاوهای تازه زا، ارائه منبع قندی به صورت یک روز در میان (ناپیوسته) قابل توصیه میباشد اما با این وجود نیاز به مطالعه های بیشتر در این زمینه میباشد. Manuscript profile

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66 - اثر مکمل آنزیم‌های روابیو و کمین بر برخی از فراسنجه‌های بیوشیمیایی خون، عملکرد و خصوصیات لاشه در جوجه‌های گوشتی
S. Goli H. Aghdam Shahryar

آزمایشی برای برآورد تأثیر مکمل آنزیم‌های خارجی بدن بر عملکرد، صفات لاشه و برخی از فراسنجه‌های بیوشیمیایی خون جوجه‌های گوشتی انجام گرفت. 180 جوجه یکروزه با متوسط وزن 40 ± 2 گرم در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تیمار و چهار تکرار با جیره‌های آزمایشی شامل 1) جیره بدون More

آزمایشی برای برآورد تأثیر مکمل آنزیم‌های خارجی بدن بر عملکرد، صفات لاشه و برخی از فراسنجه‌های بیوشیمیایی خون جوجه‌های گوشتی انجام گرفت. 180 جوجه یکروزه با متوسط وزن 40 ± 2 گرم در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تیمار و چهار تکرار با جیره‌های آزمایشی شامل 1) جیره بدون مکمل آنزیمی (شاهد) 2) جیره پایه + مولتی آنزیم روابیو 3) جیره پایه + مولتی آنزیم کمین تغذیه شدند. جیره‌ گروه‌های آزمایشی بر پایه ذرت و کنجاله سویا و با انرژی و پروتئین یکسان تنظیم شدند. داده‌های مصرف خوراک، افزایش وزن بدن، ضریب تبدیل غذایی، سطوح کلسترول، تری گلیسرید، LDL، HDL برای سه دوره آغازین، رشد و پایانی و کل دوره‌ی (49-1 روزگی) و خصوصیات لاشه در پایان آزمایش اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد تفاوت معنی‌داری بین جیره‌های آزمایشی مختلف برای افزایش وزن، مصرف خوراک و ضریب تبدیل غذایی وجود دارد (05/0P<). کمترین مصرف خوراک و افزایش وزن بدن در گروه شاهد مشاهده شد در حالیکه بیشترین مقدار در گروه‌هایی که مکمل آنزیمی مصرف کردند به دست آمد. همچنین ضریب تبدیل خوراک ضعیف در گروه شاهد و بهترین ضریب تبدیل خوراک در گروه‌هایی که مکمل آنزیمی مصرف کردند، بود. افزودن آنزیم سبب افزایش معنی‌داری در غلظت HDL و کاهش تری‌گلیسرید، کلسترول و LDL خون در روزهای 21، 42 و 49 پرورشی شد (05/0P<). نتایج این آزمایش پیشنهاد می‌کند که مکمل مولتی آنزیم در جیره‌های گوشتی می‌تواند بر بهبود عملکرد مؤثر باشد. Manuscript profile

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67 - تأثیر مکمل‌سازی کوآنزیم کیو 10 بر عملکرد رشد، فعالیت آنزیمی و برخی فراسنجه‌های خونی در جوجه‌های گوشتی درگیر با سندرم افزایش فشار خونی ریوی (آسیت)
M. Fathi

مطالعه حاضر برای بررسی اثرات مکملسازی کوآنزیم کیو 10 بر فعالیت آنزیم و فراسنجههای خونی در جوجه‌های گوشتی در‌گیر با سندرم آسیت، انجام شد. 240 جوجه گوشتی نر سویه راس 308 به طور کاملاً تصادفی به 3 تیمار و برای هر تیمار 4 تکرار اختصاص یافتند. از روز 14 آزمایش، مقا More

مطالعه حاضر برای بررسی اثرات مکملسازی کوآنزیم کیو 10 بر فعالیت آنزیم و فراسنجههای خونی در جوجه‌های گوشتی در‌گیر با سندرم آسیت، انجام شد. 240 جوجه گوشتی نر سویه راس 308 به طور کاملاً تصادفی به 3 تیمار و برای هر تیمار 4 تکرار اختصاص یافتند. از روز 14 آزمایش، مقادیر0، 20 و 40 میلیگرم به کیلوگرم خوراک پایه اضافه شد. همزمان هم با اعمال تیمارها، جهت القای آسیت، دمای سالن پرورشی به 15-10 درجه سانتیگراد کاهش یافت و این دما تا روز 42 حفظ گردید. تلفات نیر برای تشخیص دلیل مرگ و تعیین تلفات آسیتی به طور روزانه بررسی شدند. آزمایشات خونی، بیوشیمایی و پاتولوژیکی برای تشخص آسیت عبارت بودند از کل گلبول‌های قرمز (RBC)، هموگلوبین (HGB)، هماتوکریت (HCT)، پروتئین و گلوکز خون، فعالیت آنزیمهای آلانین آمینوترانسفراز (ALT)، آسپارتات آمینوترانسفراز (AST) و لاکتات‌ دهیدروژناز (LDH). نمونه برداری از خون در روزهای 21 و 42 انجام شد. در پایان آزمایش، از هر قفس، 2 جوجه، به طور تصادفی انتخاب شده و بعد از کشتار، قبل آنها برداشته شد و بطن راست و بطن چپ از ناحیه سپتوم، جدا گشته و نسبت بطن راست به کل بطن‌ها (RV/TV)، نیز محاسبه گشت. میانگین خوراک مصرفی، افزایش وزن حاصله و ضریب تبدیل غذایی نیز به طور هفتگی، از روز 15، اندازهگیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که، مکملسازی 40 میلیگرم کوآنزیمکیو 10، سبب بهبود ضریب تبدیل غذایی شد (05/0P<). علاوه بر این، مکملسازی 40 میلیگرم کوآنزیم کیو 10 در پرندگان سبب کاهش معنیدار گلبول قرمز، گلوکز و پروتئین خون و هم چنین فعالیت آنزیم لاکتات دهیدروژناز پلاسما گشت. بین هموگلوبین و هماتوکریت خون پرندگان تیمارهای مختلف اختلاف معنیداری مشاهده نشد. همچنین، سطح 40 میلیگرم کوآنزیم کیو 10 سبب کاهش معنیدار مالون دیآلدئید (MDA)، تلفات آسیتی و شاخص نسبت بطن راست به کل بطن شد. نتیجهگیری اینکه کوآنزیم کیو 10 میتواند با اثرات آنتی اکسیدانی سبب ایجاد محافظت از سلول‌های قلبی و گلبول قرمز شده واز تلفات آسیتی در جوجههای گوشتی جلوگیری نماید. Manuscript profile

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68 - مکمل‌سازی جیره جوجه‌های گوشتی با زیره سیاه (Nigella sativa)، و تأثیر آن بر وزن کبد و آنزیم‌های آن
K. Shirzadegan P. Fallahpour I. Nickkhah H.R. Taheri

آزمایشی به منظور ارزیابی اثرات افزودن دانه زیره سیاه (Nigella sativa) در جیره روی عملکرد، وزن و آنزیم‌های کبد جوجه‌های گوشتی صورت گرفت. آزمایش در قالب یک طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی انجام شد. 240 جوجه گوشتی تعیین جنسیت نشده (کاب 500) به چهار گروه تقسیم و به چهار تیمار تغذیه‌ای More

آزمایشی به منظور ارزیابی اثرات افزودن دانه زیره سیاه (Nigella sativa) در جیره روی عملکرد، وزن و آنزیم‌های کبد جوجه‌های گوشتی صورت گرفت. آزمایش در قالب یک طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی انجام شد. 240 جوجه گوشتی تعیین جنسیت نشده (کاب 500) به چهار گروه تقسیم و به چهار تیمار تغذیه‌ای با چهار تکرار (15 جوجه در هر تکرار) تخصیص داده شدند. گروه 1 به عنوان گروه شاهد در نظر گرفته شده که به آنها جیره‌های پایه بدون افزودنی داده شد. به گروه‌های 2، 3 و 4 به ترتیب جیره‌های مکمل‌سازی شده با 5، 10 و 15 گرم در کیلو‌گرم دانه زیره سیاه داده شد. هیچ اثر معنی‌داری (05/0P>) روی وزن زنده، مصرف خوراک و وزن اندام‌ها به جز برای کبد، در پرندگان تغذیه شده با جیره‌های مکمل‌سازی شده در مقایسه با تیمار 0 گرم در کیلوگرم مشاهده نشد (05/0P<). همچنین، در مقایسه با گروه شاهد، غلظت AST و LDL پلاسمای حاصل از جوجه‌های گوشتی تغذیه شده با جیره‌های حاوی 5، 10 و 15 گرم دانه زیره سیاه کمتر بود (05/0P<). بیشترین و کمترین درصد وزن کبد نیز به ترتیب مربوط به گروه‌های 15 گرم در کیلوگرم دانه زیره سیاه و شاهد بود. به طور کلی، این مطالعه نشان داد که مکمل‌سازی دانه زیره سیاه در سطوح متفاوت با وجود تحت تأثیر قرار دادن برخی از پارامترهای خونی، هیچ اثر منفی یا مثبتی روی عملکرد رشد جوجه‌های گوشتی نداشت. Manuscript profile

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69 - Effect of Exogenous Enzymes on Feed Digestion and Anaerobic Digestion of Holstein Cow Faeces
R.J. Tseu L.L.C. Paucar F. Perna Junior R.F. Carvalho R.G.S. Nogueira E.C.O. Cassiano D.C.Z. Vasquez L.A.R. Solórzano P.H.M. Rodrigues

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70 - یافته‌ها روی متابولیسم کلسیم در ارگانیسم‌های مرغ‌های تخمگذار
و.گ. ورتیپراخو آ.آ. گروزینا ت.م. ربراکووا آی.و. کیسلووا س.و. لبدو اُ.و. کوان ب.و. یوشا س.و. شابونین آی.آ. ورشینینا

این مطالعه برای بررسی اثرات مقادیر متفاوت از کلسیم در جیره روی فعالیت آنزیم‌های هضمی در دئودنوم و پلاسمای خون مرغ‌های تخمگذار انجام شد. یک ارتباط معکوس بین فعالیت آنزیم‌های هضمی دئودنوم با تریپسین در پلاسما و مقدار کلسیم در مایعات بیولوژیکی رکورد برداری شد. زمانی‌که مقد More

این مطالعه برای بررسی اثرات مقادیر متفاوت از کلسیم در جیره روی فعالیت آنزیم‌های هضمی در دئودنوم و پلاسمای خون مرغ‌های تخمگذار انجام شد. یک ارتباط معکوس بین فعالیت آنزیم‌های هضمی دئودنوم با تریپسین در پلاسما و مقدار کلسیم در مایعات بیولوژیکی رکورد برداری شد. زمانی‌که مقدار کلسیم در جیره پرندگان از 3 تا 3.4 افزایش یافت، چربی خام تا 5 درصد افزایش داشت، و زمانی‌که محتوای کلسیمی تا 5.4 درصد افزایش پیدا کرد، قابلیت هضم تمایل به کاهش تا 0.5 درصد در مقایسه با مقدار بهینه داشت. قابلیت هضم سلولز خام با افزایش کلسیم در جیره مرغ‌های تخمگذار کاهش یافت. علی‌رغم قابلیت هضم مشابه پروتئین خام در روده، محتوای بهینه کلسیم در جیره مرغ‌ها (3.4 درصد) با حداکثرسازی استفاده از مواد نیتروژن‌دار بیشتر از مقادیر گروه‌های دیگر تا 30 (3 درصد کلسیم) و 25.7 درصد (5.4 درصد کلسیم) بهدست آمد. هنگام افزایش مقدار کلسیم در جیره، بیشتر کلسیم با مدفوع دفع شد، همچنین یک دفع کلسیم از طریق تخم وجود داشت. بنابراین، داده‌های به دست آمده می‌تواند به عنوان اساس توسعه افزودنی‌های خوراکی با سطوح متفاوت از کلسیم در آنها به کار آید. Manuscript profile

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71 - Growth Performance, Blood Indices and Hormonal Responses of Broiler Chickens Fed Monosodium Glutamate
O.J. Olarotimi O.A. Adu

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72 - The Effects of Complex Enzymes on Production Performance, Egg Quality, Hatchability and Intestinal Morphometry in Khaki Campbell Duck
T.K. Das M.C. Pakhira B.C. Debnath B. Debroy

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73 - Effects of Dietary Organic Selenium Supplementation on Performance and Antioxidant Enzymes of Broilers under Heat Stress Conditions: A Meta-Analysis
F. Tavakolinasab M. Hashemi

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74 - Effect of Exogenous Enzymes on Nutrient Digestibility and Ruminal Fermentation of Holstein Cows
R.J. Tseu L.L.C. Paucar F. Perna Junior R.F. Carvalho R.G.S. Nogueira E.C.O. Cassiano D.C.Z. Vasquez L.A.R. Solórzano P.H.M. Rodrigues

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75 - تأثیرآنزیم‌های هیدرولیزکننده الیاف بر روی الگوی تخمیر چند نوع ماده خشبی در شرایط آزمایشگاهی
A. Moharrery

تأثیرآنزیم‌های با منشاء خارجی و هیدرولیزکننده الیاف، بر روی چند نوع ماده خشبی که با استفاده از مواد قلیایی فرآوری شده بودند به منظور بررسی قابلیت هضم آنها در یک آزمایش فاکتوریل 5 × 3 × 4 (آنزیم، ماده قلیایی و ماده خشبی) مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. دو آنزیم خوراکی More

تأثیرآنزیم‌های با منشاء خارجی و هیدرولیزکننده الیاف، بر روی چند نوع ماده خشبی که با استفاده از مواد قلیایی فرآوری شده بودند به منظور بررسی قابلیت هضم آنها در یک آزمایش فاکتوریل 5 × 3 × 4 (آنزیم، ماده قلیایی و ماده خشبی) مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. دو آنزیم خوراکی با نام‌های نووزایم N و سلوکلست C و ترکیب مساوی این دو N + C به منظور ارزیابی توان تجزیه‌کنندگی آنها در شرایط آزمایشگاهی بر روی مواد حجیمی شامل 2 نوع کاه (گندم WS، جو BS)، علوفه غلات GH، پوشش برگی بلال CS و چوب بلال CC مورد بررسی واقع شد. این مواد حجیم قبلاً توسط سود و یا اوره فرآوری شده بودند. مایع شکمبه همراه با بافر و مواد حجیم تحت آزمون، مخلوط و برای مدت 24 ساعت در شرایط بی‌هوازی انکوبه شدند. تجزیه‌پذیری ماده خشک DM، دیواره سلولی NDF، سلولز و غلظت پروتئین محلول و قندهای احیاء موجود در محیط عمل بعد از گذشت 24 ساعت اندازه‌گیری شد. به طور کلی در همه موارد فرآوری مواد حجیم با سود سبب افزایش تجزیه‌پذیری NDF شد (05/0P<). اما افزودن آنزیم به طور مستقیم به مایع شکمبه نتوانست بهبودی در تجزیه‌پذیری DM و سلولز بوجود آورد  (05/0P>). استفاده از آنزیم توانست غلظت قندهای احیاء و پروتئین محلول را نسبت به گروه کنترل افزایش دهد  (05/0P<). فرآوری قلیایی نیز توانست تجزیه‌پذیری DM و الیاف را بهبود بخشد  (05/0P<). البته این بهبود، در فرآوری با سود بیشتر از فرآوری با اوره مشاهده شد. Manuscript profile

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76 - تأثیر مکمل‌سازی گلوتامین، بر عملکرد رشد و وضعیت آنتی‌‌اکسیدانی در جوجه‌های گوشتی درگیر با سندرم افزایش فشار خونی ریوی (آسیت)
M. Fathi T. Tanha M. Daneshyar

مطالعه حاضر با تأکید بر توان دفاعی گلوتامین بر وضعیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی پلاسما و کبد، تغییرات سطوح پراکسیداسیون چربی(MDA)، وضعیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی کل پلاسما (TAS) و فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان (SOD) و آنزیم وابسته به گلوتاتیون (GPX) در پلاسما و کبد جوجه‌های گوشتی در گیر با سند More

مطالعه حاضر با تأکید بر توان دفاعی گلوتامین بر وضعیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی پلاسما و کبد، تغییرات سطوح پراکسیداسیون چربی(MDA)، وضعیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی کل پلاسما (TAS) و فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان (SOD) و آنزیم وابسته به گلوتاتیون (GPX) در پلاسما و کبد جوجه‌های گوشتی در گیر با سندرم آسیت، انجام شد. نمونه برداری از خون و بافت کبد در روزهای 21 و 42 انجام شد. در پایان آزمایش، از هر قفس، 2 جوجه، به طور تصادفی انتخاب شده و بعد از کشتار، قبل آنها برداشته شد و بطن راست و بطن چپ از ناحیه سپتوم، جدا گشته و نسبت بطن راست به کل بطن‌ها (RV/TV)، نیز محاسبه گشت. میانگین خوراک مصرفی، افزایش وزن حاصله و ضریب تبدیل غذایی نیز به طور هفتگی، از روز 15، اندازه‌گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که، مکمل‌سازی گلوتامین سبب بهبود ضریب تبدیل غذایی شد (05/0P<). علاوه بر این، مکمل‌سازی گلوتامین در پرندگان آسیتی، سبب کاهش معنی‌دار MDA در پلاسما و بافت کبد گشت. همچنین، گلوتامین، سبب افزایش هم زمان فعالیت آنزیم GPX در پلاسما و بافت کبد شد. فعالیت آنزیم SOD در پلاسما و کبد، به طور معنی‌داری تحت تأثیر گلوتامین قرار نگرفت (05/0P>). علاوه بر این، مکمل‌سازی گلوتامین، سبب کاهش معنی‌دار تلفات آسیتی و RV / TV شد. Manuscript profile

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77 - Evaluating the role of nutri-priming in improving PEG-induced drought stress tolerance of stevia (Stevia rebuadiana Bertoni)
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78 - Effect of Auxin derivatives on morphological and isoenzyme pattern of enzymatic Antioxidant peroxidase (POX) of “blinding eye mangrove” Excoecaria agallocha.L stem cuttings.
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79 - The influence of salt stress on the morpho physiological and biochemical parameters of durum wheat varieties (Triticum durum Desf.)
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80 - Seed Priming With Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Alleviate Salinity Stress In Wheat Plant
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81 - Antioxidant Responses of Helianthus annuus L. under Vanadium Stress.
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82 - Plasma seed priming in green cumin, physiological and developmental aspect
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83 - Seed priming with Electromagnetic Field Improved Growth, Nutrition, And Metabolism of Salvia nemorosa L.
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84 - Effect of exogenous chitosan, salicylic acid and their combination on some physiological parameters of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) under drought stress
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85 - Foliar Application of Iron and Zinc on Quinoa under Drought Stress Affects Its Seeds Germination and Biochemical Properties
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87 - Morpho-physiological and yield responses of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) to the application of growth regulators under drought stress
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88 - Effect of Azolla extract on the salt tolerance of Lentils during germination
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89 - Changes of morphological and physiological traits in Acer velutinum Boiss seedlings under drought stress
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90 - Salicylic acid and boric acid improve flower growth, yield, and cold tolerance in French marigold (Tagetes patula)
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92 - Anti-oxidative response of different wheat genotypes to drought during anthesis .
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93 - Effect of postharvest oxalic acid treatment on ethylene production, quality parameters, and antioxidant potential of peach fruit during cold storage.
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94 - Effect of salicylic acid on photochemistry and antioxidant capacity in Salvia nemorosa plants subjected to water stress.
Ghader Habibi

10.30495/ijpp.2017.533561

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95 - Effects of salinity on antioxidant system in ten grape genotypes.
Nayer Mohammadkhani Nasser Abbaspour

10.30495/ijpp.2017.539068

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96 - Effect of chitosan on antioxidant enzyme activity, proline, and malondialdehyde content in Triticum aestivum L. and Zea maize L. under salt stress condition
Lida Shams Peykani mozhgan farzami sepehr

10.30495/ijpp.2018.545906

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97 - Effect of Drought Stress on Some Growth Parameters and Several Biochemical Aspects in Two Pumpkin Species
Mozhgan Farzamisepehr Mahlagha Ghorbanli Zahra Tadji

10.30495/ijpp.2021.683057

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98 - تاثیر پاتوتیپ برگریز Verticillium dahliae بر برخی از ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی داوودی (Dendranthema grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitam)
seyed Javad Sanei Seyed Esmael Razavi

Verticillium dahliae Kleb. از قارچهای بیمارگر خاکزی است که عامل پژمردگی ورتیسیلیومی گیاه داوودی میباشد. در این تحقیق، سطوح برخی از ترکیبات آلی، ازجمله پروتئین کل، قندهای محلول کل، نشاسته، پرولین، محتوای نسبی آب، سطح RNA و مقدار مالون دیآلدهید و H2O2 More

Verticillium dahliae Kleb. از قارچهای بیمارگر خاکزی است که عامل پژمردگی ورتیسیلیومی گیاه داوودی میباشد. در این تحقیق، سطوح برخی از ترکیبات آلی، ازجمله پروتئین کل، قندهای محلول کل، نشاسته، پرولین، محتوای نسبی آب، سطح RNA و مقدار مالون دیآلدهید و H2O2 در برگهای داوودی آلوده به V. dahliae بررسی شد. تغییر پارامترها در روزهای 0، 10، 20، 30 و 40 روز پس از تلقیح با روشهای مبتنی بر رنگسنجی اندازهگیری شد. بر اساس نتایج، قبل از ظهور علائم تغییری در محتوای نسبی آب، RNA و پروتئین مشاهده نشد و تغییر در میزان کلروفیل اندک بود. تغییر در محتوای نسبی آب همراه با تغییرات قابلتوجه در پرولین و قندهای محلول کل برگ همراه بود. مقدار نشاسته و پروتئین بهتدریج در برگهای سالم و آلوده کاهش داشت. اگرچه، این کاهش در گیاهان آلوده از هفته سوم پس از آلودگی قابلتوجه بود. همبستگی منفی بالایی بین قندهای محلول کل و نشاسته در برگهای بیمار مشاهده شد (001/0P<، 764/0=r). تغییرات مالون دیآلدهید و H2O2 در گیاهان آلوده 30 الی 40 روز پس از آلودگی رخ داد، در حالی که غلظت آنها در برگهای شاهد تغییری نداشت. این نتایج نشانگر نقش پیری همراه با پیشرفت بیماری پژمردگی ورتیسیلیومی در داوودی است. Manuscript profile

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99 - بررسی پاسخ‌های فیزیولوژیکی گل مریم (Polianthes tuberosa L.) در شرایط تنش کم آبیاری
خانی شاکرمی بهمن زاهدی عبدالحسین رضایی نژاد صادق موسوی فرد

تنش آب یکی از عوامل اصلی محدوده کننده تولید و آسیب‌های شدید به گیاهان در ایران است. بهمنظور بررسی و مقایسه اثر تنش کم آبیاری بر روی برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی گل مریم، آزمایشی با دو رقم گل مریم (پرپر و کم پر) و سه سطح تنش More

تنش آب یکی از عوامل اصلی محدوده کننده تولید و آسیب‌های شدید به گیاهان در ایران است. بهمنظور بررسی و مقایسه اثر تنش کم آبیاری بر روی برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی گل مریم، آزمایشی با دو رقم گل مریم (پرپر و کم پر) و سه سطح تنش کم آبیاری (بدون تنش W1= 90% FC، تنش متوسط  W2=75% FCو تنش شدید W3=60% FC) بهصورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. محتوای آب نسبی، نشت الکترولیت، کلروفیل کل، کاروتنوئید، پرولین، میزان مالون‌دی‌آلدهید، فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی (سوپراکسیددیسموتاز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز و کاتالاز)، میزان فتوسنتز، میزان تعرق و مقاومت روزنه‌ای مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گل مریم تحت تأثیر تنش کم آبیاری قرار گرفتند. میزان مالون‌دی‌آلدهید و نشت یونی همبستگی معنی‌داری با اکثر خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی نشان داد. محتوای آب نسبی، کلروفیل کل، میزان فتوسنتز، میزان تعرق، مقاومت روزنه‌ای، فعالیت سوپراکسیددیسموتاز و آسکوربات پراکسیداز در رقم کم پر نسبت به رقم پرپر افزایش معنیداری نشان داد. همچنین میزان کاتالاز، مالون‌دی‌آلدهید و محتوای پرولین در رقم پرپر نسبت به رقم کم پر بهطور معنی‌داری بیش‌تر بود. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که رقم کم پر نسبت به رقم پرپر در شرایط تنش کم آبیاری، رشد بهتری داشت. Manuscript profile

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100 - تاثیر تابش نور آبی و غلظت های مختلف نانوسیلور بر عمر گلجایی و صفات دخیل بر حفظ کیفیت پس از برداشت گل‌های شاخه بریده آلسترومریا رقم ’ناپولی‘
مهرآسا انوری داود هاشم آبادی بهزاد کاویانی لیلا اسدپور

کاربرد نور آبی در مرحله پس از برداشت گلهای شاخه بریده روشی جدید جهت بهبود عمر گلجایی است. از اینرو پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثر مدت زمانهای مختلف تابش نور آبی (6، 12، 18 و 24 ساعت) و تیمار پالس نانوسیلور (5، 10، 15 و 20 میلیگرم در لیتر)  بر عمر گ More

کاربرد نور آبی در مرحله پس از برداشت گلهای شاخه بریده روشی جدید جهت بهبود عمر گلجایی است. از اینرو پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثر مدت زمانهای مختلف تابش نور آبی (6، 12، 18 و 24 ساعت) و تیمار پالس نانوسیلور (5، 10، 15 و 20 میلیگرم در لیتر)  بر عمر گلجایی و صفات وابسته به آن در گلهای شاخه بریده آلسترومریا رقم ’ناپولی‘ اجرا شد. از  ساکارز 3 درصد بهعنوان تیمار شاهد استفاده شد. این آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین عمر گلجایی متعلق به تیمارهای 10 میلیگرم در لیتر نانوسیلور (66/22 روز) است که از نظر آماری با تیمارهای 12 ساعت نور آبی (00/22 روز) و 20 میلیگرم در لیتر نانوسیلور (66/21 روز) تفاوت معناداری نداشت. کمترین کاهش وزن تر بهترتیب با کاربرد 18 و 12ساعت نور آبی و 10 میلیگرم در لیتر نانوسیلور بدست آمد. بیشترین درصد ماده خشک (34/57 درصد) با کاربرد 10 میلیگرم در لیتر نانوسیلور بدست آمد. گلهایی که به مدت 12 ساعت با نور آبی تیمار شدند دارای بیشترین میزان کلروفیل a و b (بهترتیب با 52/2 و 27/1 میلیگرم در هر گرم وزن تر)، بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز (26/5 نانومول در هر گرم وزن تر در دقیقه) و کمترین فعالیت آنزیم پلیفنل اکسیداز (007/0 میکرومول در هر گرم وزن تر در دقیقه) بودند. کمترین باکتری محلول گلجایی با کاربرد 15 میلیگرم در لیتر نانوسیلور و بیشترین پروتئین گلبرگ با کاربرد 24 ساعت نور آبی حاصل شد. نانوسیلور در کنترل و مهار باکتریهای گرم منفی و نور آبی در کنترل و مهار باکتریهای گرم مثبت در محلول گلجایی موثر بودند. با توجه به نتایج میتوان نور آبی را بهعنوان یک عامل فیزیکی موثر در حفظ عمر گلجایی و صفات وابسته به آن در گلهای شاخه بریده آلسترومریا رقم ’ناپولی‘ معرفی کرد. Manuscript profile

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101 - تاثیر محلول‌های گلجایی حاوی کبالت، سریم و نانوذرات نقره بر ماندگاری و کیفیت پس از برداشت گل های شاخه بریده پرنده بهشتی (Strelitzia reginae)
جهانگیر آذرهوش داود هاشم آبادی لیلا اسدپور بهزاد کاویانی

به منظور افزایش کیفیت و ماندگاری پس از برداشت گل های شاخه بریده پرنده بهشتی آزمایشی در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 10 تیمار در سه تکرار انجام شد.  تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل کلرید کبالت (250 و 500 می لیگرم در لیتر)، نیترات سریم (100، 300 و 600 میکرومولار)، ن More

به منظور افزایش کیفیت و ماندگاری پس از برداشت گل های شاخه بریده پرنده بهشتی آزمایشی در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 10 تیمار در سه تکرار انجام شد.  تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل کلرید کبالت (250 و 500 می لیگرم در لیتر)، نیترات سریم (100، 300 و 600 میکرومولار)، نانوسیلور (20 و 40 میلی گرم در لیتر) و نانوسیل (2000 و 4000 میکرومولار) بودند که بصورت پالس 24 ساعته استفاده شدند. از آب مقطر به عنوان تیمار شاهد استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین عمرگلجایی با کاربرد 300 میکرومولار نیترات سریم (11.68 روز)  بدست می آید که از نظر آماری با تیمارهای 100 و 600 میکرومولار نیترات سریم، 500 میلی گرم در لیتر کلریدکبالت و 20 میلی گرم در لیتر نانوسیلور تفاوت معنی داری نداشت. دو تیمار 300 و 600 میلی مولار نیترات سریم در افزایش جذب آب و ماده خشک، حفظ وزن تر، کاهش باکتری انتهای ساقه و محلول گلجایی بهترین تیمار بودند. کمترین تجمع مالون دی آلدهید (0.09 نانومول در هر گرم وزن تر) و بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم های پراکسیداز (0.147 نانومول در هر گرم وزن تر) و کاتالاز  (1.02 نانومول در هر گرم وزن تر) با کاربرد 300 میکرومولار نیترات سریم در محلول گلجایی بدست آمد. بیشترین فلاوونوئید کاسبرگ (0.493 درصد) متعلق به تیمار 2000 میکرومولار نانوسیل بود. بیشترین کاهش وزن تر و کمترین مقادیر سایر صفات ارزیابی شده متعلق به تیمار شاهد بود. با توجه به نتایج حاصل، محلول گلجایی حاوی 300 میکرومولار نیترات سریم و 3 درصد ساکارز جهت حفظ کیفیت و افزایش ماندگاری پس از برداشت گل های شاخه بریده پرنده بهشتی توصیه می شود. Manuscript profile

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102 - بررسی ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک گیاه زینتی-دارویی پریوش (Catharanthus roseus L.) در واکنش به تنش شوری و بیوچار
سیده فاطمه محمدی کباری حسینعلی اسدی قارنه وحید توللی وحید روشن

بیوچار نوعی کود آلی حاصل بقایای گیاهی و ضایعات کشاورزی است که جهت تقویت حاصلخیزی خاک و همچنین اصلاح خاک‌های شور پیشنهاد می‌شود. در این راستا جهت بررسی تاثیر بیوچار بر تعدیل آثار تنش شوری بر رشد و برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک پریوش آزمایشی فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با More

بیوچار نوعی کود آلی حاصل بقایای گیاهی و ضایعات کشاورزی است که جهت تقویت حاصلخیزی خاک و همچنین اصلاح خاک‌های شور پیشنهاد می‌شود. در این راستا جهت بررسی تاثیر بیوچار بر تعدیل آثار تنش شوری بر رشد و برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک پریوش آزمایشی فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با دو تیمار شامل تنش شوری  (0، 1000، 2000 و 3000 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم خاک کلرید سدیم) و بیوچار (0، 2 و 4 درصد) در سه تکرار، 36 پلات و 6 بوته در هر پلات انجام شد. این آزمایش در بهار 1401 بصورت گلدانی انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که شوری تاثیر منفی و کاهشی بر تمامی صفات مورفولوژیک ارزیابی شده و محتوای نسبی آب برگ داشت درحالی‌که بیوچار بخصوص 2 درصد موجب حفظ و بهبود صفات فوق شد. با افزایش سطح شوری مقدار پرولین و مواد جامد محلول نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت و بیشترین مقدار پرولین (346.48 میلی مول درکیلوگرم وزن تر) و مواد جامد محلول (1.42 درجه بریکس)برای NaCl3000mg/kg × Biochar0% ثبت شد. کاهش تجمع مالون‌دی‌آلدهید (MDA) با مصرف 2 درصد بیوچار در هر 4 سطح کلرید سدیم ثبت شد اما در بالاترین سطح کلرید سدیم (NaCl3000mg/kg) بیوچار 4 درصد قادر به کاهش آثار شوری نبود و بیشترین مقدار MDA را بخود اختصاص داد. بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز (1.56 واحد آنزیم در هر گرم وزن تر در دقیقه) و آسکوربات پراکسیداز (9.40 واحد آنزیم در هر گرم وزن تر در دقیقه) برای NaCl1000mg/kg×Biochar2% ثبت شد. با افزایش سطح کلرید سدیم (2000 و 3000 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم خاک) فعالیت آنزیم‌‌های پراکسیداز و آسکوربات پراکسیداز نیز کاهش یافت که با افزایش تجمع MDA در این تیمارها همراه بود. با توجه به نتایج حاصل می‌توان بیان کرد که در شوری 1000 یا 2000 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم با کاربرد 2 درصد بیوچار، می‌توان گیاهانی از پریوش با صفات مورفو- فیزیولوژیکی قابل قبول تولید نمود. Manuscript profile

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103 - بهبود عمر پس از برداشت گل های شاخه بریده آلسترومریا ’Konst Coco‘ با استفاده از ترکیب روش های مکانیکی و شیمیایی
مهدی حکیمی اصل احمدرضا بریموندی

  به منظور بررسی اثر متقابل روش های مکانیکی (شکاف ته ساقه) و شیمیایی (نانوسیلور) بر عمر گلجایی و خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی گل های شاخه بریده آلسترومریا ’Konst Coco‘ آزمایشی فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی با 10 تیمار، 3 تکرار، 30 پلات و 150 شا More

  به منظور بررسی اثر متقابل روش های مکانیکی (شکاف ته ساقه) و شیمیایی (نانوسیلور) بر عمر گلجایی و خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی گل های شاخه بریده آلسترومریا ’Konst Coco‘ آزمایشی فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی با 10 تیمار، 3 تکرار، 30 پلات و 150 شاخه گل انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل شکاف طولی انتهای ساقه در دو سطح (بدون شکاف و شکاف 5 سانتی متری) و نانوسیلور در 5 سطح (0، 5، 10، 20 و 30 میلی گرم در لیتر) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر متقابل تیمارهای آزمایشی روی همه صفات ارزیابی شده از نظر آماری معنی دار است. طبق نتایج مقایسه میانگین ها، بیشترین عمر گلجایی (13/88 روز) با کاربرد "شکاف 5 سانتی متری× 20 میلی گرم در لیتر نانوسیلور" حاصل شد که نسبت به شاهد 6/83 روز ماندگاری این گل شاخه بریده را افزایش داد. بیشترین جذب آب (2/03 میلی لیتر در هر گرم وزن تر)، ماده خشک (14/11 درصد)، کلروفیل کل (2/432 میلی گرم در هر گرم وزن تر) و کاروتنوئید گلبرگ (2/307 میکروگرم در هر گرم وزن تر) و کمترین کاهش وزن تر (1/34 گرم)، باکتری انتهای ساقه و محلول گلجایی (3 کلنی)، اتیلن (0/807 نانولیتر در لیتر در ساعت در هر گرم وزن تر)، نشت یونی (6/04 درصد)، MDA (12/53 نانومول در هر گرم وزن تر در دقیقه)، فعالیت آنزیم های SOD (12/64 واحد آنزیم در هر گرم وزن تر در دقیقه) و POD (0/09 نانومول در هر گرم وزن تر در دقیقه) برای تیمار "شکاف 5 سانتی متری× 20 میلی گرم در لیتر نانوسیلور" ثبت شد که موفق ترین تیمار در حفظ عمر گلجایی و خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی گل های شاخه بریده آلسترومریا‘Konst Coco’ بود. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

104 - تاثیر بیوچار و ورمی کمپوست بر رشد و ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژی بابونه کبیر(Tanacetum parthenium) در شرایط تنش خشکی
محبوبه نعیمی گل زرد مرضیه قنبری جهرمی سپیده کلاته جاری

تنش خشکی یکی از شایع ترین مشکلاتی است که رشد و طول عمر گیاهان را محدود می‌کند. دانستن ویژگی‌های واکنش گیاه نسبت به تنش خشکی می‌تواند در مدیریت و توسعه کشت آن مفید باشد. بابونه کبیر (Tanacetum parthenium L) یک گیاه دارویی بومی ایران است. بررسی امکان کشت این گیاه به دلیل More

تنش خشکی یکی از شایع ترین مشکلاتی است که رشد و طول عمر گیاهان را محدود می‌کند. دانستن ویژگی‌های واکنش گیاه نسبت به تنش خشکی می‌تواند در مدیریت و توسعه کشت آن مفید باشد. بابونه کبیر (Tanacetum parthenium L) یک گیاه دارویی بومی ایران است. بررسی امکان کشت این گیاه به دلیل سازگاری طبیعی و زیبایی آن در فضای سبز ارزشمند به نظر می‌رسد. به منظور بررسی اثر بیوچار و ورمی کمپوست بر رشد گیاه بابونه کبیر در خاک لومی و در شرایط تنش خشکی آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی (CRD) در سه تکرار انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که تنش خشکی باعث کاهش وزن تر اندام هوایی، وزن خشک اندام هوایی، وزن تر ریشه، وزن خشک ریشه و محتوای آب نسبی برگ و همچنین افزایش آنزیم کاتالاز نسبت به تیمار شاهد شد. ورمی کمپوست و بیوچار باعث افزایش وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه، میزان کلروفیل و RWC برگ شدند. کاربرد این اصلاح کننده‌های خاک فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز و سوپراکسید دیسموتاز را کاهش داد. به طور کلی، ترکیب ورمی کمپوست و بیوچار بهترین تیمار برای بهبود وضعیت خاک و افزایش ویژگی‌های رشدی گیاهان بابونه کبیر تحت تنش خشکی بود. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

105 - Effect of Nitric Oxide on Postharvest Quality and Vase Life of Cut Carnation Flower
Mahsa Ashouri Vajari Ayoub Molaahmad Nalousi

Nitric oxide (NO) is a highly reactive signaling molecule and plays a variety of physiological roles in plants. The research on the application of NO to postharvest preservation of flowers and fruits shows great promise in recent years. However, the physiological mechan More

Nitric oxide (NO) is a highly reactive signaling molecule and plays a variety of physiological roles in plants. The research on the application of NO to postharvest preservation of flowers and fruits shows great promise in recent years. However, the physiological mechanism of exogenous NO to affect cut flowers is not very clear, and NO donor treatment protected plants from damage by increasing the activity of anti-oxidative enzymes. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to study the effect of exogenous NO on the vase life and physiological basis of Dianthus caryophyllus L. ‘Tempo’. The presence of the nitric oxide increased the activities of POD, while the production of MDA content and LOX activity were obviously decreased. The results showed that exogenous NO could significantly extend the vase life of cut carnation flowers (16.9 days). The results suggest that exogenous NO could delay petal wilting in carination cut flowers, maintain water metabolism, the anti-oxidative enzymes activity and mass-eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and as well as cell membrane stability. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

106 - Physiology of salt stress in wheat: A Review
Adel Modhej

10.2./jpps.2022.693358

Salinity stress is one of the important stresses affecting germination, growth, production and quality characteristics of wheat. Researchers have described salt stress as the accumulation of ions such as sodium, sulfate, and chlorine in the rhizosphere environment in a More

Salinity stress is one of the important stresses affecting germination, growth, production and quality characteristics of wheat. Researchers have described salt stress as the accumulation of ions such as sodium, sulfate, and chlorine in the rhizosphere environment in a way that disrupts the natural growth of plants. Salinity stress through reducing the cell pressure, inhibition the functioning of membranes, affecting the activity of enzymes, inhibiting photosynthesis and inducing ion deficiency due to the reduction of ion transport and other physiological processes causes a decrease in growth, leaf area index, biomass and grain yield. Wheat cultivars show different reactions to soil and water salinity. Increasing tolerance to salinity in bread wheat cultivars is related to a decrease in sodium concentration in the plant and also a decrease in the sodium to potassium ratio in the leaves. Separation of sodium in leaves and preferably potassium is related to the presence of D genome in hexaploid wheats. In general, investigating physiological reactions, especially in salinity tolerant genotypes, is helpful for plant breeders to release salinity tolerant genotypes. This research is to study the effect of salinity stress on some characteristics Physiological and growth of wheat has been discussed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

107 - Study of Biochemical Parameters and Antioxidant Enzymes Activities on Oryza sativa under Salt Stress
Ali Asghar Bagheri Fariba Khosravinejad

Abiotic stress including Salt stress is the major limiting factors of growth and crop production in arid and semiaridregions. Many of the Salinity affects are seen at the cellular levels. In order to understand the response of Oryza sativa to salt stress, some of antiox More

Abiotic stress including Salt stress is the major limiting factors of growth and crop production in arid and semiaridregions. Many of the Salinity affects are seen at the cellular levels. In order to understand the response of Oryza sativa to salt stress, some of antioxidant enzyme activities, Lipid peroxidation and Proline content were analyzed. Oryza sativa plant was treated by NaCl 0(control), 100, 200 and 300 mM for 14 days. For this purpose, a factorial design based on completely randomized design with three replications was used. The results showed that Growth parameters for example fresh and dry weight and height of shoot decreased under increasing NaCl. With increasing the concentration of NaCl, The activity of Catalase(CAT) and Ascorbat peroxidase(APX) were increased, but Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased with increasing NaCl to 200 mM and then decreased at 300mM. Proline (Pro) and Malondialdehyde(MDA) contents respectively increased 2 and 3.6-fold at 300mM NaCl relative to the 0mM NaCl. Our results showed that by increasing the activity of CAT, SOD and APX associated with increased Proline had a positive effect on salt tolerance of Oryza sativa. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

108 - Effect of seed priming on germination characteristics and some antioxidant enzymes activity of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under drought stress conditions
Ahmad Afkari

Seed pre-treatment technique has been introduced as a germination and establishment enhancer under environmental stress. In order to study the effects of priming on germination characteristics growth and some antioxidant enzymes activity of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) u More

Seed pre-treatment technique has been introduced as a germination and establishment enhancer under environmental stress. In order to study the effects of priming on germination characteristics growth and some antioxidant enzymes activity of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under drought stress conditions, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with four replications, at the physiology lab of the Islamic Azad University of Ardebil in 2013 was carried out. Experimental treatments include drought stress at four levels (0, -4, -8 and -12 bar) and three pre-treatments including potassium nitrate with concentrations of 1% and 2%, water as hydro priming and control treatment. The results showed that the effect of drought stress and priming on germination components and antioxidant enzymes was significant. The results showed that drought stress reduced the percentage of germination, pace of germination, rootlet length, seedling length and increased activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes. The results of the comparison of mean interactions of drought stress and priming showed that the maximum activity of Antioxidant enzymes were obtained by pre-treatment of potassium nitrate with a concentration of 1% in a -12 bar drought level. In general, it can be concluded that basil seed pre-treatment with 1% potassium nitrate improves the basil germination parameters under drought stress conditions and increased the tolerance of basil plant to drought stress by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the germination stage. Manuscript profile

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109 - Effect of endophytic fungus, Piriformospora indica, on growth parameters and activity of antioxidant enzymes of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under salinity stress
Ali Asghar Bagheri Fariba Khosravinejad

Abiotic stress including salinity is the major limiting factors of growth and crop production in arid and semiaridregions. The endophytic fungus,Piriformospora indica has a pronounced growth-promoting activity and also increasesplant resistance to environmental stresses More

Abiotic stress including salinity is the major limiting factors of growth and crop production in arid and semiaridregions. The endophytic fungus,Piriformospora indica has a pronounced growth-promoting activity and also increasesplant resistance to environmental stresses including salinity, drought and plantpathogens. In order to study, experiment was conducted in completely randomized block design with three replicationsand with two levels of p.indica–inoculated and non-p.indica-inoculated rice(control) and four levels of NaCl (0, 100, 200 and 300 mM). This research deals with the potential of P. indica to improve growth parameters of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and increase its resistance to salt stress with base on increasing of antioxidant enzyme activities. Our study demonstrated P.indica significantly increased growth parameters for example shoot and root biomass, Relative Water Content(RWC), proline content and activities of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and in contrast, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content (produced from peroxidation of membrane lipids) in p.indica–inoculated than non-p.indica-inoculated rice under all of salt stress conditions.So our results showed that P. indica-induced protection of O.sativa against salt stress could be mediated by antioxidant enzymes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

110 - A comparison on effects of different concentrations of sodium chloride on activeness of anti oxidant enzymes, smolites and photosynthetic pigments in Dunaliella salina
A.S. Borhani Sabzevar A. Sateie M. Ghorbanli

The present study evaluated the effects of concentration of sodium chloride in medium culture on fluctuations of activeness of anti oxidant enzymes (such as catalase, scorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase), fluctuations of smolites contents (such as More

The present study evaluated the effects of concentration of sodium chloride in medium culture on fluctuations of activeness of anti oxidant enzymes (such as catalase, scorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase), fluctuations of smolites contents (such as glycine betaine, and proline) and fluctuations of quantity of pigments. The experimental strain was grown in three treatments with 2.5, 7.5 and 12.5 percent sodium chloride and was subject to evaluation of the target parameters. The strain grown in 7.5 percent treatment showed most growth compared to other treatments. Also greatest values for chlorophyll A (10.3 milligram per gram wet weight of algae), chlorophyll B (0.753 milligram per gram wet weight of algae), and beta-carotene (0.211 milligram per gram wet weight of algae); but an increase in chlorophyll B was seen in other treatments. Results of enzyme evaluations showed that activeness of peroxydase and ascorbic peroxydase increased significantly in the two other sodium chloride treatments (p<0.05). Moreover, glycine betain concentration in optimum condition was more than the other two treatments (P<0.05). In non optimum condition, concentration of proline increased significantly (P<0.05). Growth in 7.5 percent sodium chloride was greatest; it is likely that cells in order to eliminate stress of salinity change components of photosynthetic antennae to increase photo system 2 combined with synthesizing proline and anti oxidative enzyme proteins. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

111 - Molecular identification and optimization of lipase- producing strain Bacillus thuringiensis L26
Farzaneh Karimian Mohammad Hassan Ghorbani Sayed Hossein Mirdamadian

Background & Objectives: Lipases are important hydrolytic enzymes produced by various microorganisms such as bacteria. This enzyme is applied in various industries including food and pharmaceutical industries. This study aimed to isolate and identify lipase-producin More

Background & Objectives: Lipases are important hydrolytic enzymes produced by various microorganisms such as bacteria. This enzyme is applied in various industries including food and pharmaceutical industries. This study aimed to isolate and identify lipase-producing bacteria from various sources to use in different industries.Materials & Methods: Sampling and screening of lipase- producing bacteria were carried out from wastewater and soils of Habib-abad refinery, wastewater and slugs of Golbahar oil factory, sheep’s tail fat, and sesame meal. To evaluate the enzymatic activity, bacterial isolates were cultured in lipid-based media, where the supernatant was used for the next assay. A quantitative assessment of enzymatic activity was performed using a spectrophotometer, in the presence of para-nitrophenol acetate at the temperature of 28°C. The identification of bacterial isolates was carried out by macroscopic, microscopic and molecular analysis.Results: Screening bacterial isolates and the results of enzymatic activity assays showed strain 31 as the superior one. Molecular analysis results identified this strain as Bacillus thuringiensis L26. The highest enzymatic activity and stability were obtained at the temperature of 48°C, pH value of 8.5, and in the presence of sodium chloride, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, zinc sulfate, and manganese chloride, respectively.Conclusion: Our results showed the stability of tested lipase enzymes under alkaline conditions and the presence of different cations. Therefore, further complementary tests are recommended o assess practical uses. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

112 - Effect of ultraviolet radiation and abscisic acid on activity of antioxidant enzymes and physiological and morphological traits of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under different irrigation intervals
Behnoush Rasaei Saeid Jalali-Honarmand Mokhtar Ghobadi Guisheng Zhou

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of ultraviolet radiation (UV) and abscisic acid (ABA) on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, physiological and morphological characteristics of the tomato under drought stress conditions. Experiment was conducted as More

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of ultraviolet radiation (UV) and abscisic acid (ABA) on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, physiological and morphological characteristics of the tomato under drought stress conditions. Experiment was conducted as a factorial based on randomized complete block design with four replications during two years. Experimental factors included radiation of ultraviolet radiation on three levels (control (non-radiation), UV-AB and UV-C), application of abscisic acid on two levels (non-application and application of abscisic acid with dose of 10 mg/L), and drought stress on two levels of without drought stress (complete irrigation during all growth period) and drought stress in vegetative stage (from 20 days after transplantation to flowering). The results showed that UV-AB radiation increased leaf relative water content and shoot dry weight while UV-C radiation reduced leaf relative water content and shoot dry weight compared to control (without ultraviolet radiation). By applying drought stress increased the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes as well as soluble carbohydrate concentrations, while the relative water content of leaves and shoot dry weight decreased significantly. The amount of peroxidase enzyme activity, relative water content, soluble carbohydrates and shoot dry weight increased due to the application of abscisic acid. Based on the results of this study, it can be stated that drought and ultraviolet stresses had harmful effects on the tomato plants, and the interaction of these two above-mentioned environmental tensions was synergistic to induce protective mechanisms and defense systems. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

113 - Study the effect of salinity stress on antioxidant enzymes activity and indicators oxidative stress in weeds Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) and Russian Knapweed (Acroptilon repens L.)
V. Enaiati E. Esfandiari A. Pourmahammad K. Mohammadnia اصغر Rahimi

Waiver of noticeable weeds injuries on crop yield, so far has not been studied the effects of salinity on behavior physiological and biochemical. In order to weeds redroot pigweed, Bindweed and Russian knapweed choice and the effects of three levels of salinity control More

Waiver of noticeable weeds injuries on crop yield, so far has not been studied the effects of salinity on behavior physiological and biochemical. In order to weeds redroot pigweed, Bindweed and Russian knapweed choice and the effects of three levels of salinity control (0), 50 and 100 mM, in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications in a greenhouse were studied. The results showed that levels of salinity only on dry weight was not significant in the bindweed. Moreover the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in salinity decreased in Redroot Pigweed and Russian Knapweed weeds, but its activity was not affected in bindweed of salinity. Also, the results of assay activity removal enzymes of hydrogen peroxide showed that this enzymes did not affect only the bindweed of salinity. Whereas in Russian knapweed the activity this enzyme was significantly reduced. In Redroot pigweed also only enzyme Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity was reduced by salinity. In studied weeds the salinity had not effect activity of the glutathione S- transferase (GST) enzyme. On the other hand, the amount of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the three studied weeds significantly increased on salinity of 100 mM. But increase the rate of lipid peroxidation at effect salinity observed only in Russian knapweed and redroot pigweed. Based on the results due to the lack of significant changes in antioxidant enzymes at bindweed, this plant is tolerant to salinity levels investigated compared to Russian knapweed and redroot pigweed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

114 - Effect of lead and putresine interactions on cress (Lipidium sativum) seedling physiological and biochemical factors
Fatemeh Hasanpournezhad Monireh Ranjbar

In the present study, the effects of lead and putrescine on Lepidium sativum plant were examined. A factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications. Lead nitrate at concentrations of 0, 125, 250 and 1000 micro molar and putres More

In the present study, the effects of lead and putrescine on Lepidium sativum plant were examined. A factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications. Lead nitrate at concentrations of 0, 125, 250 and 1000 micro molar and putresine at 0 and 1 mM was used. Lead and putresine increased plant fresh weights compared to lead treatment of same concentration and at a concentration of 500 micromolar fresh weight was10 gr. There was no significant difference between dry weights of treated plants and control. Lead treatment increased polyphenol oxidase (0/8 micromoles per minute per gram fresh weight in 1000 micromolar) and catalase (0/053 micromoles per minute per gram fresh weight in 1000 micromolar) activities. The use of putrescine and lead increased the polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity (0/99 micromoles per minute per gram fresh weight in 125 micromolar) compared to lead treatment of same concentration. The combined use of putresine and lead reduced the amount of proline except at 250 micromolar of lead compared to plants treated in the same concentration of lead. Treatments of lead at concentrations of 125, 250 and 500 micromolar and putrescine, were reduced the percent of inhibition compared to the treatment of lead in the same concentration. Inhibitory percentage was increased on 1000 micromolar of lead. The total phenols were not significant difference under the lead and putrescine treatments. In Lepidium sativum under lead stress activated polyphenol oxidase, Proline increasese. Useing putrescine has controlled production of proline by reduction the stress effects Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

115 - Antioxidant enzyme activities and fermentation metabolism in the root of three wheat promising lines under waterlogging stress
Freshteh alizade vaskasi hemmatollah Pirdashti Ali Cherati_Araei Sara Saadatmand

Waterlogging stress has negative effects on the growth and yield of wheat plants, which recognizes the defense mechanism of the plant against waterlogging, can be valuable. In order to study the response of three wheat genotypes to different levels of waterlogging stres More

Waterlogging stress has negative effects on the growth and yield of wheat plants, which recognizes the defense mechanism of the plant against waterlogging, can be valuable. In order to study the response of three wheat genotypes to different levels of waterlogging stress, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with five replications in Gharakhil (Ghaemshahr) Agricultural Station. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of waterlogging (0, 7, 14 and 21 day) at tillering (ZG21) and stem elongation (ZG31) stages on the growth, total chlorophyll, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2, activity of antioxidant enzymes, and enzymes of fermentation pathway in root of three wheat promising lines (N-93-19, N-93-9 and N-92-9). The results showed that waterlogging stress in both growth stages reduced the total chlorophyll and growth of all three genotypes, however, the highest contents of total chlorophyll and shoot and root dry weight were observed in N-92-9 genotype. Increased waterlogging stress increased the contents of proline, MDA, H2O2, activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, alcohol dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase and decreased peroxidase activity of root of genotypes in both growth stages compared to control treatments. The results of this experiment that N-92-9 genotype had better response than other two genotypes in all studied traits under waterlogging conditions and was introduced as a flood tolerant genotype. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

116 - The change of physiological activities in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in response to different irrigation regimes and Ethanol foiliar application
Reza Ahmadi Sharif Hamid Reza Zakerin Marefat Mostafavi Rad saeed sayfzadeh Seyed Alireza Valadabadi

In order to evaluate of physiological activities in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in response to different irrigation regimes and Ethanol foliar application, an experiment carried out as split plat based on randomized complete block design with three replications in expe More

In order to evaluate of physiological activities in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in response to different irrigation regimes and Ethanol foliar application, an experiment carried out as split plat based on randomized complete block design with three replications in experimental field of Agicutural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Guilan Province, Astara (Kanroud research station), Iran during 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons. Four level of irrigation regimes at 25, 50 and 75 and 100 mm evaporation from class A pan and three levels of Ethanol 10, 20 and 30 % (v:v), comprised experimental factors, as main plot and sub plot, respectively. The interaction effect beween irrigation regime and Ethanol alcohol was significant for all measuered characteristics in peanut at 1% probability level. Drought stress caused to decrease grain yield per unit area, leaf chlorophy index and leaf relative water content in peanut. But, drought stress increased the value of proline, soluble sugar, soluble protein, anthocyanins and the activitiy of catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzymes. The greatest grain yield (3275 kh/ha) was obtained in response to irrigation regime after 25 mm evaporation fron “A pan” along with foliar application of Ethanol at the rate of 20% (v/v). In general, result showed that the foliar application of Ehanol could be recommendable in direction to enhance grain yield and resistance of peant plans againest to drought stress under similar climatic condition. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

117 - The Effect of Foliar Application of Iron and Proline Nanoparticles on Biochemical, Physiological and Agronomic Traits of Quinoa Plant in Different Cultivation Dates
RAHMAT SALEHI ABBAS MALEKI MOHAMMAD MIRZAEI HEYDARI ALIREZA RANGIN AMIR MIRZAEI

10.30486/roce.2022.707867

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Open Access Article

118 - Effects of wastewater and foliar complete nutrient application on grain yield and antioxidant-enzymatic active on Setaria italica (L.)
M. Heidari P. Jamshidian

In order to study the effects of wastewater irrigation and foliar complete nutrient on grain yield and antioxidant-enzymatic active on Setaria a field experiment was conducted at the University of Zabol in Iran during 2009 growing season. The statistical plan selected w More

In order to study the effects of wastewater irrigation and foliar complete nutrient on grain yield and antioxidant-enzymatic active on Setaria a field experiment was conducted at the University of Zabol in Iran during 2009 growing season. The statistical plan selected was split plot design with three replications. The treatments were comprised of three kinds of irrigation water (W1=well water and W2= domestic waste water+well water and W3= domestic waste water) in main plot and three foliar complete nutrient (F1=control, F2= 400 and F3= 800 gr/ha) in sub plot. Results showed that irrigation with wastewater and 800 gr/ha foliar complete nutrient significantly increased grain yield. In this study wastewater application decreased antioxidant-enzymatic activity of CAT, APX and GPX enzymes. Foliar complete nutrient except GPX enzyme decreased CAT and APX antioxidant-enzymatic activity.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

119 - Metal bioaccumulation, enzymatic activity, total protein and hematology of feral pigeon (Columba livia), living in the courtyard of Ferronickel smelter in Drenas
I. Elezaj, , , Q. Selimi K. Letaj A. Plakiq

10.22034/jchr.2011.543964

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120 - Nutraceutical Potential of Tetracarpidium conophorum and Buccholzia coriacea in Diet-induced Hyperlipidemia
Eucharia Oluchi Nwaichi Justice Obinna Osuoha Michael Okechukwu Monanu

10.22034/jchr.2017.544178

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121 - The Effect of Dusts on Liver Enzymes and Kidney Parameters of Serum in Male Rats in Khuzestan, Iran
Najmeh Soleimani Hassan Faridnouri Mohammadreza Dayer

10.22034/jchr.2020.1902789.1148

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Open Access Article

122 - Relationship of Sodium Nitroprusside with Growth and Antioxidant Enzymes of Canola under Lead Stress
Hossein Hamidi Nahid Masoudian Mostafa Ebadi Bostan Roudi

10.22034/jchr.2020.1863574.1020

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123 - Biochemical and Histopathological Study of the Toxicity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Liver in Rat
S.M Hosseini A.H Moshrefi رضا Amani S.V Razavimehr M.H Aghajanikhah

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the most widely used materials in diverse industrial fields, for this reason most widely produced and Have many technological applications. The human body may be intentionally or unintentionally exposed to these nanoparticles. In this study, a More

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the most widely used materials in diverse industrial fields, for this reason most widely produced and Have many technological applications. The human body may be intentionally or unintentionally exposed to these nanoparticles. In this study, acute toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the liver enzymes and liver histopathology was evaluated. Fifty female rats with 180-220 grams of weight were divided into five groups, including control, Sham and Three groups with different doses of ZnO nanoparticle (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg twice a week for four weeks). The rats were then sacrificed and cholesterol, triglycerides, totalprotein, albumin and liver enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP) were determined and livers were fixed in formalin processed, sectioned and stained with Hematoxylin- Eosin. After removal of the tissue, samples digestion and zinc concentrations were measured by atomic absorption; Finally Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA. Also the most of the Zno nanoparticles absorption on the dose of 100 mg/kg was observed. Histopathological analysis of liver sections showed tissue damage, such as necrosis, congestion and vacuolar degeneration at a dose of 25 mg/ kg andin addition inflammatorycell infiltrationin doses 50 and 100 mg/kg was observed. In Serological studyalso increased serum ALT, AST and ALP Liver enzymes levels. Results of the present study showed the dose-dependent toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles on the liver; therefore exposure to nanoparticles can make serious risks in humans. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

124 - The Study on the Activities of Digestive Enzymes, Amylase and Alkalyn Phosphatase, in Kutum Larvae Fed by Artemia nauplii
فاطمه حسن تبار حسین اورجی ابوالقاسم اسماعیلی سیده صدیقه بابایی

The aim of this study was investigation of growth rate, survival and activity of digestive enzymes (andalpha;-amylase and alkaline phosphatase) in fish larvae fed Artemia nauplii.The experiment was performed in 115-liter glass tanks containing 7000pieces of kutum larvae More

The aim of this study was investigation of growth rate, survival and activity of digestive enzymes (andalpha;-amylase and alkaline phosphatase) in fish larvae fed Artemia nauplii.The experiment was performed in 115-liter glass tanks containing 7000pieces of kutum larvae with an average initial weight of 5.1 mg (2 days after hatching).Samples for analysis of digestive enzyme activity were taken randomly at 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 13, 17, 23, 27, 30.The results displayed that the stocking in high density to decrease growth efficiency but there was not considerable effect on survival rate larvae.In the present study was observed a significant increase in activity ofamylase from 23 to 30daysas the highest amylase activity was found at 30 days after hatching. The high content of glycogen and carbohydrates in live food may be to stimulate synthesis and secretion of amylase. An early peak of activity in alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity was observed at day 8 after hatching the indicating the maturation process in the intestines of kutum larvae. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

125 - The Effects of Hydroalcohlic Walnut Extract of Juglans regia Male Flower on Blood Sugar Level and Liver Enzymes Activity in Intact and Diabetic Adult Male Rat
سید ابراهیم حسینی کاظم کریم زاده

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder with hyperglycemia due to defects in secretion, insulin function or both are specified. Walnut nutritional purposes in addition to traditional medicine in Iran is also used to treat diabetes, so this study examines the effect of male flo More

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder with hyperglycemia due to defects in secretion, insulin function or both are specified. Walnut nutritional purposes in addition to traditional medicine in Iran is also used to treat diabetes, so this study examines the effect of male flowers on some walnut diabetes on diabetic male rats by measuring the amount of blood sugar and liver enzymes. The study on 80 male rats with 200 to 225 grams weight, which accidentally in three groups were performed. The first group: Control, Second: Diabetic 32 and next Group: Non-diabetic 32 over each of the groups to four are divided into eight categories: (A) The control group received normal saline, (B) treated with experimental group received the extract 2g/kg,) C) Received the extract 4g/kg, (D) Extract the downloaded 6g/kg. Eight rats were used for determination of lethal doses of LD50. For diabetes as IP 60mg/kg of streptozotocin were used. Rat daily for 15 days as a single dose extracts were treated at the end of the fifteenth day from the ventricular blood sampling were performed.Results showed a significant reduction blood sugar and ASAT,ALP in diabetics than non-diabetic group receiving thehydroalcoholic extractof male flowers walnut. However this effect is not dependent dose. In this study hydroalcoholic extract useful effect of male flowers Walnut liver damage due to inhibition and reduced blood sugar and liver enzymes levels, non-dose dependent, was observed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

126 - The Effect of Urtica dioica Hydro-Alcoholic Extract on the Plasma Level of Pituitary Thyroid Axis Hormones and Some of the Liver Enzymes in Adult Male Wistar Rat
حیدر آقابابا سیده نیره حسینی سید ابراهیم حسینی

Urtica dioicais a herbaceous, perennial and enumerate medicinal plant.Urtica dioica is an indigene plant in Iran and in last years many pharmaceutics effect are reported about it plant. In this research, the effect of Urtica dioicahydro-alcoholic extract of the plasma l More

Urtica dioicais a herbaceous, perennial and enumerate medicinal plant.Urtica dioica is an indigene plant in Iran and in last years many pharmaceutics effect are reported about it plant. In this research, the effect of Urtica dioicahydro-alcoholic extract of the plasma levels of thyroid hormones (T4, T3), TSH and liver enzymes,alanin amino transfrase(ALT), aspartate amino transfrase(AST), alkaline phosphatase(ALP) were studied. In this experimental study, the experiments were performed on 40 adult male wistar rats with weight about 210andplusmn;10 gr, which were divided into 5 groups. The experimental groups received 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg of the Urtica dioica extract with injected intraperitoneally (IP) for 28 days respectively. Sham group received only solvent (distilled water) and control group did not receive any thing. At the end of experiment by collecting the blood samples from heart animals, plasma level of T3,T4 and TSH were measured by using ELISA Technique and enzymes liver AST, ALT, ALP by photometric method. Detected data were analyzed by T-test and ANOVA (pandle; 0/05). The results showed significant increase in the level of TSH hormone in the each three experimental groups compared with the control group. The level of T4 hormone significantly decreased in the each three experimental groups compared with the control group. Also the level of T3 showed significant decrease in experimental group receiving 50,100 mg/kg extract compared with the control group. The Level of AST, ALT enzymes in experimental groups showed no significant difference compared with the control group, While ALP enzyme in experimental and sham groups showed significant increase compared with control group. The results of this research have been shown that extract of this plant could affect on HPT axis and have no effect on some of the liver enzymes respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

127 - Effects ofMelissa officinalisExtractonLiver Enzymes and Histologyin Mice ر
مهرداد مدرسی صفیه گلخنی مهران مجلسی

Balm (Melissa officinalis) has many medical properties including relaxing, anti oxidant, and anti bacterial. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of hydro alcoholic extract of balm on activity of liver enzymes including AST, ALT, and ALP and also liver tis More

Balm (Melissa officinalis) has many medical properties including relaxing, anti oxidant, and anti bacterial. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of hydro alcoholic extract of balm on activity of liver enzymes including AST, ALT, and ALP and also liver tissues variation in Balb/C mice. In this experimental study, samples were randomly divided into fivegroups (three treatment groups, placebo and control group) with eight members in each group. Groups were kept under similar conditions. Hydro alcholic extract was prepared in three doses (50,100, and 200 mg/kg) and were IP for twenty days. Normal saline was used for placebo group. After the last injection blood samples were taken and liver tissues were separated. Changes of AST, ALT, and ALP enzymes was evaluated using one way variance analysis and SPSS program (P ر Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

128 - The Effects of Hydroalcoholic Leaf Extract of Passiflora Caerulea on Activity of Liver Enzymes in Male Rats
طیبه Sadeghi مهرداد Shariati مختار Mokhtari

Passiflora caerulea is one of medicinal plants and use in medicinal industry. Passiflora caerulea contain high anti oxidant combinations this combinations pain properties and are useful in curing have anti cancer and anti inflammatory and antiepilepsy, diarrhea, burn, More

Passiflora caerulea is one of medicinal plants and use in medicinal industry. Passiflora caerulea contain high anti oxidant combinations this combinations pain properties and are useful in curing have anti cancer and anti inflammatory and antiepilepsy, diarrhea, burn, hemorrhoid and in regulating liver enzymes. In this experiential study, 40 wistar male rats, use weighting about 195-200 g each were used in five groups eight including :control without received nothing, sham group received distilled water and 3 experimental groups receiving 150,300,600, mg/kg leaves of passiflora caerulea Hydro-alcohol extract respectively. According to obtained results, ALT, AST and Albumin in experimental group receiving the highest dose of the extract 600 mg/kg, pation in control group, meaningful in level. The Level of ALP, Total Protein, Creatinin and total body weight to comparison by control group not show significant changes and hydro alcoholic extract Passiflora cearulea Author decrease level BUN to experimental groups extraction of receiving. Hydro-alcohol extract of Passiflora caerulea leaves probably has a significant effect on hepatic activity. This effect by anti oxidant property active, mechanisms via like free radical control and peroxides neutralization and prevention of revive glutathione, evacuate and cell membrane stabilization and by stimulating DNA polymerase and increasing rRNA synthesis and finally relief liver cell. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

129 - Comparison of the Effects of Flaxseed and Nigella Sativa Oils on Liver Enzymes and Some of the Inflammatory Factors in Male Rats with non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver
Mozhgan Rahimi Seyed Ebrahim Hosseini Mohammad Amin edalatmanesh

Fatty liver is a common metabolic disorder affecting millions of people all over the world. Due to the side effects of most of the chemical drugs used to treat this disease, this study has been performed aiming to investigate the effect of flaxseed and N. sativa oils on More

Fatty liver is a common metabolic disorder affecting millions of people all over the world. Due to the side effects of most of the chemical drugs used to treat this disease, this study has been performed aiming to investigate the effect of flaxseed and N. sativa oils on serum levels of liver enzymes and some of the inflammatory factors in in male rats affected by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this experimental study, 40 mature male rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups (8 rats in each group) include the control group (receiving no treatment), fatty liver (treated by fat emulsion), and the experimenta groups under 6-weeks by fat emulsion, and 28-day treatments by 0.75 ml/kg of flaxseed oil, 5 ml/kg of N. sativa oil, and the combined treatmnet of 0.75+ 5 ml/kg of flaxseed and N. sativa oils, respectively. At the end, after blood sampling and separation of the surface serum of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), BUN (blood urea nitrogen), creatinine, total protein, and interleukin 6 were measured.  Data analysis was done by ANOVA and Tukey tests. The results showed that iduction of fatty liver caused significant increase of interleukin-6, total protein, blood urea nitrogen, ALP, ALT, AST enzymes, and creatinine compared to the control group (P˂0.01); while the use of flaxseed and N. Sativa oils alone and their combination caused a significant decrease in the level of the above mentioend (P˂0.01). factors The results showed that N. sativa and flaxseed oils and their combination can decrease the inflammatory serum factors and liver damage caused by fatty liver disorder. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

130 - The Effect of Curcumin on Testosterone and Liver Enzyme Levels in Varicocele-induced Rats
Mohamad Reza Sadraie Marzieh Tavalaee Mohammad Hosein Nasr-Esfahani Mohsen Forouzanfar

10.22034/ascij.2021.687831

Varicocele is one of the most important causes of infertility in men, which in addition to negatively affecting spermatogenesis, can also affect the endocrine system. The link between varicocele and testosterone production is unclear. The liver is one of the most effect More

Varicocele is one of the most important causes of infertility in men, which in addition to negatively affecting spermatogenesis, can also affect the endocrine system. The link between varicocele and testosterone production is unclear. The liver is one of the most effective organs in the metabolism of substances and hormones. This study aimed to evaluate serum testosterone levels and their association with liver enzymatic changes. Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups, including sham control, varicocele induction, varicocele induction (50 mg/kg curcumin), and varicocele induction (100 mg / kg curcumin). After the treatment period, iron (Fe2 +), testosterone, direct bilirubin, total bilirubin and serum concentrations of ALT, and AST were assessed and liver tissue was isolated and examined. Varicocele caused a significant increase in iron levels (p ≤ 0.05) and a non-significant decrease in testosterone levels (p = 0.242) and total bilirubin (T) (p = 0.639). The treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the levels of iron (p = 0.056) and total bilirubin (p = 0.639), as well as a significant increase in testosterone levels (p < 0.05) compared to the varicocele. While the level of direct bilirubin (p ≥ 0.05) in the varicocele showed a significant increase compared to the sham and control. Using curcumin significantly reduced it compared to the varicocele (p = 0.03). Evaluation of ALT (p = 0.762) and AST (p = 0.367) levels did not show a significant difference among the groups. The levels of iron, testosterone, bilirubin, and liver enzymes are negatively affected by varicocele. Curcumin may lessen the harmful effects of varicocele on biochemical components linked with liver tissue in addition to preventing varicocele damage to testicular tissue. In varicocele rats, greater dosages of curcumin may lower the liver enzyme AST. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

131 - The effect of taurine amino acid addition on performance, carcass characteristics, blood factors and liver enzymes in broilers
tahereh sandoghdar mehrdad irani Shahabodin Gharahveysi

This research was conducted in order to study the effect of taurine amino acid addition on performance, carcass characteristics, blood factors and liver enzymes in broilers. The experiment was conducted in 45 days in the form of a completely random design with 300 piece More

This research was conducted in order to study the effect of taurine amino acid addition on performance, carcass characteristics, blood factors and liver enzymes in broilers. The experiment was conducted in 45 days in the form of a completely random design with 300 pieces of one-day-old broilers of the Ras strain, including 4 treatments, 5 repetitions and 15 birds in each repetition with the same energy and protein diets with the same rearing conditions. The experimental treatments included: the first treatment (basic diet) and the second, third and fourth treatments respectively: the basic diet along with 1 g/kg taurine amino acid, 3 g/kg taurine amino acid and 6 g/kg taurine amino acid. The results showed that body weight gain, feed consumption and food conversion ratio were significant between the experimental treatments and the control treatment during the breeding period (P0.05). But numerically, a better performance was observed with the addition of taurine supplement to the diet in these enzymes. (P > 0.05). In general, the results of this experiment showed that adding 6 grams/kg of taurine amino acid leads to an improvement in the titer of blood parameters and liver enzymes without negatively affecting the performance and characteristics of the carcass. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

132 - The Effect of Different Levels of Dietary Manganese on Antioxidant Activity, Liver Enzymes and Liver Histology in Reared Young Beluga (Huso huso)
Fatemeh Hemmati Hossein Khara Habib Vahabzadeh Roudsari Rezvanollah Kazemi

This research aims to determine the effect of different amounts of dietary manganese on antioxidant activity, liver enzymes and, liver tissue of rearing young beluga (Huso huso) from October to December 2022 at the Dr. Beheshti Reproduction and Genetic Stock Restoration More

This research aims to determine the effect of different amounts of dietary manganese on antioxidant activity, liver enzymes and, liver tissue of rearing young beluga (Huso huso) from October to December 2022 at the Dr. Beheshti Reproduction and Genetic Stock Restoration Center of Sturgeon in Rasht, Guilan province. For this study, 180 pieces of beluga with an average initial weight of 266 ± 3.05 grams underwent a two-week adaptation period in the breeding environment, in six treatment groups and each treatment with three repetitions, with concentrations of 5 (Mn1), 10 (Mn2), 15 (Mn3), 20 (Mn4) and 25 (Mn5) mg of manganese sulfate monohydrate (MnSO4H2O) per kilogram of food and control treatment (Mn0) without adding manganese sulfate supplement were carried out in two months. At the end of each month, three pieces of fish were selected from each repetition, blood was collected and their livers were sampled for histological studies. The results revealed a significant difference in catalase and glutathione peroxidase levels among the experimental treatments (p<0.05) and their maximum amount was the control treatment fish, while superoxide dismutase levels did not differ significantly (p<0.05). Among the liver enzymes, Alkaline-phosphatase and aspartate-aminotransferase had a significant difference between the control treatment and other experimental treatments (p<0.05), but the alanine-aminotransferase enzyme had no significant difference (p<0.05). Also, different forms of tissue damage were observed in the liver tissue of all treatments, even the control (atrophy, biliary stagnation, Fat degeneration and, cellular necrosis). Based on the results of this research, the levels of 10-15 mg of dietary manganese could improve antioxidant activities, liver enzymes and reduce liver tissue damage in breeding young beluga. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

133 - Effect of Water Soluble Polysaccharide Extract of the Algae, Padina australis Hauck, on the Activity of Digestive Enzymes and Biochemical Parameters of White-leg Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei
P. Akbary Z. Aminikhoei

In the present study, the water soluble polysaccharide extract of Padina australis (PPE) was added in concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/kg to the diet of white leg shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) with average weight of 1±0.1 g to assess its ability to improve More

In the present study, the water soluble polysaccharide extract of Padina australis (PPE) was added in concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/kg to the diet of white leg shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) with average weight of 1±0.1 g to assess its ability to improve the activity of digestive enzymes and the biochemical parameters. Following feeding on these diets for 60 days, the highest activity of lipase and protease was shown in treatment containing 1.5 g PPE/kg diet (p < 0.05). The levels of albumin and total protein were higher in treatments containing various levels of PPE compared to the control treatment (p < 0.05). The lowest levels of GLU, TRI, CHO, ASP.ALT and ALP were observed in the treatment containing 1.5 g PPE/kg diet indicating significant difference with other treatments (p < 0.05). The results demonstrated that inclusion of 1.5 g/kg diet of PPE in commercial feeds might enhance the digestion function, liver health and nonspecific immunity system of L. vannamei.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

134 - Protecting Effect Extracts of Satureja bachtiarica and Thymus daenensis Celak against Hepatic Fibrosis Induced by Thioacetamide on Rat
H. Sazegar F. Fadaei Sh. Mashadizadeh N. Ziajahromi F. Sadeghi Samani

nowadays, one of the problems of human societies is liver diseases and using chemical drugs with their side effects, causing the researchers change their approaches towards new sources of herbal drugs .The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Satureja bach More

nowadays, one of the problems of human societies is liver diseases and using chemical drugs with their side effects, causing the researchers change their approaches towards new sources of herbal drugs .The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Satureja bachtiarica and Thymus daenesis Celak the liver damage is caused by injection thioacetamide. 54 male wistar rats were randomly selected and divided into 9 groups of 6 each groups the (first sahed, second of positive control, third of negative control, fourth, fifth, sixth extracts of Satureja bachtiarica with 5, 10 and 20 miligram per kilogram ,seven , eight and nine  extract of Thymus daenensis Celak with 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg extract were given by gavage.Thioacetamide first for three week and twice weekly a rats of 1cc to all groups except the control group were injection then gavage for 14 days savory and thyme extract groups were treated with the extract and the positive drug control group treated with 8 mg/kg capsule sibilinin slap for 14 days.then the blood samples were taken and liver of rats. Histopathologic study suggests that liver lesions compared to the control group is related to the negative control group .Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase well as in the study were assessed and showed that extracts of thyme daenensis has a positive effect on liver fibrosis. By studying the findings, it seems that Flavonoid compounds and phenolic in Thymus daenesis Celak and Satureja bachtiarica can decrease the toxic effects induced By thioacetamide In liver tissue of Mice. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

135 - Protective Effects of Chicory (Cichorium intybus) Hydroalcoholic Extract on Hepatotoxicity of Vincristine Sulfate in Rats
Neda Dehasht Bostan Roudi Vida Hojati

Vincristine is an anti-cancer drug which fights the growth and spread of cancer cells in the body. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of chicory plant (Cichorium intybus)on hepatotoxicity of vincristine sulfate in rats. Adul More

Vincristine is an anti-cancer drug which fights the growth and spread of cancer cells in the body. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of chicory plant (Cichorium intybus)on hepatotoxicity of vincristine sulfate in rats. Adult male Wistar rats were used in this study. 56 mice were divided into 7 groups of eight. Treatments were intraperitoneally performed for 15 days. The control group contained healthy mice. Experimental groups 1 and 2, each contains three subgroups with defined concentrations: Experimental group a1 received 15 mg/kg of chicory extract, 0.05 mg/kg of vincristine sulfate and again chicory extract. Experimental group b1 received 20 mg/kg of chicory extract, 0.1 mg/kg of vincristine and chicory extract again. Experimental group c1 received 25 mg/kg of chicory extract; then, vincristine at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg, and then chicory extract again. Experimental group a2: first 0.5 mg/kg vincristine then chicory extract at 15 mg/kg dose, and received Wayne Christian. Experimental b2: First, they received 0.1 mg/kg of vincristine; then, 15 mg/kg of chicory extract and again of vincristine. Experimental c2: first, they received 0.2 mg/kg vincristine, then 15 mg/kg chicory extract, and again vincristine. After performing the above steps by anesthetizing the animals, blood sampling from mice, serum isolation, liver isolation, the measurement of the level of biochemical parameters, and liver enzymes, and their liver tissue were tested. In this study, a significant increase in ALT and AST enzymes was observed in experimental groups 1 compared to the control group, and also a significant decrease was observed in experimental groups 2 compared to experimental groups 1. The results showed that the subcutaneous injection of vincristine had additive effects on the number of liver enzymes in experimental group 1, the chicory extract had high antioxidant properties and significantly reduced liver enzymes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

136 - Effect of Nano-curcumin on the Treatment of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Hypercholesterolemia Mice
Sahar Farzaneh Sepideh Farahinia

According to the widespread use of nanoparticles in medicine, the pathological study seems to be necessary. Important properties of nanoparticles are their small size. Accumulation of fat and inflammation of the liver are the beginning stage of liver cirrhosis. We aimed More

According to the widespread use of nanoparticles in medicine, the pathological study seems to be necessary. Important properties of nanoparticles are their small size. Accumulation of fat and inflammation of the liver are the beginning stage of liver cirrhosis. We aimed to determine the effect of nano-curcumin on fatty liver disease. Sixty male mice were divided into 6 groups (n=10): control, gavaged with normal food. The second group were fed cholesterol, third group were fed cholesterol and curcumin. Other groups were fed different dose of nano-curcumin. Then, lipid profile and liver enzymes were measured and liver tissues were fixed in formalin buffer, staining with hematoxylin-eosin. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Evaluation of serum cholesterol showed that treatment with curcumin significantly decreased cholesterol, TG, and LDL of plasma level. Histopathological changes of the liver in the group received cholesterol showed vacuoles of fat, in groups which were fed low doses of the nano-curcumin did not show fat vacuoles of fat. Nano-curcumin may be used in the safe doses for treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

137 - The Effect of Water Deficit on Growth and Some Physiological Responses of Yew (Taxus baccata L.), as an Ornamental Tree
Farnoosh Shahmohammadi Marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi Mohsen Farhadpour Sepida Kalate Jari Ali Mohammadi Torkashvand

Drought is the most important environmental stress, which is usually defined as an external factor that has adverse effects in plants. The endangered yew species is very important for human societies for medicinal and ornamental reasons. The roots and leaves of this pla More

Drought is the most important environmental stress, which is usually defined as an external factor that has adverse effects in plants. The endangered yew species is very important for human societies for medicinal and ornamental reasons. The roots and leaves of this plant produce biochemical compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins that act as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial and anti-viral. The present research investigated the effect of different levels of drought stress (100, 75, 50 and 25% of field capacity) on the growth and biochemical characteristics of the yew plant in a greenhouse environment in three replications in the form of a completely randomized design. In this research, which used 3-year-old seedlings, the fresh-to-dry weight ratio of shoots and roots, chlorophyll a and b and the ratio of these two, the relative content of leaf water, the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes, and the percentage and yield of essential oil were evaluated. The results showed that the growth traits and photosynthetic pigments and the relative water content of the leaves decreased with the increase in the severity of drought stress. Of course, the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes increased with the intensity of drought stress. The highest percentage of essential oil was obtained in semi-severe drought stress conditions (50% F.C). With the increase of drought stress up to 25% F.C, the percentage of essential oil decreased. Most of the growth and physiology parameters of yew plant at 75% FC compared to 100% FC were not significantly different, so it seems that this plant shows good tolerance in the condition of 75% FC and has an acceptable yield. Therefore, it is recommended to cultivate this valuable plant in favorable environmental conditions with sufficient water and/or with only in mild stress conditions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

138 - The effect of application of vermicompost and salicylic acid on activity of antioxidant enzymes and yield of milk thistle (Silybum Marianum L.) in different irrigation conditions
Morteza Shalalvand Alireza Pazoki Reza Monem Majid Abdoli

In order to investigate the effects of different irrigation methods on yield and some physiological characteristics and activity of antioxidant enzymes of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) under using of vermicompost and salicylic acid, a field experiment was conducted More

In order to investigate the effects of different irrigation methods on yield and some physiological characteristics and activity of antioxidant enzymes of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) under using of vermicompost and salicylic acid, a field experiment was conducted as split-factorial based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates on Shahr-e-Rey station during 2014-15 growing seasons. Irrigation methods as the main factor were conducted on four levels (including drip irrigation, basin irrigation, furrow irrigation, and alternate middle irrigation) and using of vermicompost on two levels (0 and 15 ton/ha) and application of salicylic acid on two levels (0 and 1 mM) were performed as minor factors. The results showed the highest activity of antioxidant enzymes including catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione peroxidase were observed in alternate middle irrigation with the combined consumption of vermicompost and salicylic acid and the lowest them activity in drip irrigation. The amount of malondialdehyde was higher in alternate middle irrigation than drop irrigation and application of vermicompost and salicylic acid simultaneously was decreased amount of malondialdehyde. Also, the highest seed yield and chlorophyll content were observed in drip irrigation with the combined consumption of vermicompost and salicylic acid. The results of this study showed that consumption of vermicompost and salicylic acid has a role in eliminating the negative effects of stress, and can improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes and increase the yield of milk thistle plant. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

139 - Effects of foliar treatments (bacteria Thiobacillus, glycine betaine, Thiofol and salicylic acid) on yield and physiological traits of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under cut irrigation
Davood Soleymani Mohammad Nasri meysam oveysi

In order to investigate the effects of foliar treatments (bacteria Thiobacillus, glycine betaine, Thiofol and salicylic acid) on yield and physiological traits of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivar Zargham under cut irrigation, research was conducted randomized compl More

In order to investigate the effects of foliar treatments (bacteria Thiobacillus, glycine betaine, Thiofol and salicylic acid) on yield and physiological traits of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivar Zargham under cut irrigation, research was conducted randomized complete block design with nine treatments and four replications in the 2014- 15 growing season in a research farm of Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Treatments include: 1- cut Irrigation at flowering stage, 2- Irrigation cut at flowering stage, + Glycine betaine, soluble (1.5 liters per thousand). 3- cut irrigation at flowering stage + Glycine betaine as solubility (concentration 2.5 liters per thousand). 4- cut Irrigation at flowering stage + Tiofol (1.5 liters per thousand). 5- cut Irrigation at flowering stage + Thioufol (c 2 liters per thousand). 6- cut Irrigation at flowering stage + Salicylic acid by (0.5 mM). 7. cut Irrigation at flowering stage + Salicylic acid (1 mM). 8. Tobacillus bio-fertilizer application by mixing with seed and cut irrigation at flowering stage. 9. Normal irrigation. Increasing grain yield in the treatment of consumption thyoflone, salicylic acid, glycine and thiobacillus can be attributed to the increase of auxin hormones and eventually increased metabolite transfer from leaves to seeds. The other reason is increased grain yield and traits such as relative water content and chlorophyll under cut irrigation interruptions using these materials, Their effect on the blockage or reduction of aperture size and the production of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, which increases the production of asymilates and ultimately increases the yield Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

140 - Effect of foliar application of putrescine on antioxidative defense of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var sw _82_9) under water deficit stress
Zahra Karimi Hamid Reza Tohidi Moghadam Pourang Kasraei

This study was carried out to assess effect of foliar application of putrescine on biochemical enzymes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L .var sw _82_9) under water deficit stress as split factorial experiment with complete randomized  block design ,four treatment and t More

This study was carried out to assess effect of foliar application of putrescine on biochemical enzymes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L .var sw _82_9) under water deficit stress as split factorial experiment with complete randomized  block design ,four treatment and three replication of putrescine on a farm at Islamic Azad University, Varamin branch at 2014. main plots were including four irrigation treatments (Normal irrigation, irrigation withholding at stem elongation stage, irrigation with holding at flowering stage and irrigation withholding at seed filling period stage) and in sub plot units putrescine was used at three concentrations (0, 150 and 300ppm).Results showed that the highest SOD and the lowest SOD and CAT activities belonged to irrigation withholding at seed filling period stage and normal irrigation ,respectively(P < 0.05). The highest and lowest MDA activity belonged to foliar application of putrescine at 0 and 150 ppm, respectively. Putrescine foliar application decreased proline malondialdehyde and dityrosine in leaves by reduction of water deficit stress. In addition, plants were preferred putrescine utilize as a scavenger than the enhancement enzyme activity in against stress and perhaps putrescine foliar application with 150ppm concentration could indirectly decrease oxidative stress.                 Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

141 - Effect of pretreatment salicylic acid on germination and seedling growth in sweet corn (Zea mays L.) under salt stress conditions
Prisa Sojoodi meysam oveysi Farshad Ghooshchi

To study the effect of salicylic acid pretreatment on germination and alpha-amylase enzyme activity, sweet corn seedling in salinity, physiological testing Varamin Agricultural University - master design. Sweet corn seeds, varieties Saccharata after soaking in solution More

To study the effect of salicylic acid pretreatment on germination and alpha-amylase enzyme activity, sweet corn seedling in salinity, physiological testing Varamin Agricultural University - master design. Sweet corn seeds, varieties Saccharata after soaking in solution (0, 0.5 and 1 mM) of salicylic acid for 24 h for germination under salt stress conditions, the paper roller dipped in a solution of NaCl concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mM) were transferred and in vitro tests. After germination, germination percentage, seedling dry weight and alpha-amylase enzyme activity was measured. Results showed that salinity reduces germination in seeds of sweet corn, and 200 mM salt concentration decreases, so 33.58 is the control of germination. Salicylic acid also was found to have a positive impact on germination as well as control and stress treatments increased germination will occur. Salicylic acid is used to increase seedling dry weight. Enzyme activity assays showed that the alpha-amylase enzyme activity in terms of reduced salinity and salicylic acid increases the activity of this enzyme, ie to reduce the effects of salinity. According to the obtained results it can be concluded that pretreatment of sweet corn seeds with salicylic acid, 1 mM Had a positive effect on germination and affects the antioxidant defense system of the plant sweet corn seedlings under salt stress is increased resistance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

142 - Effect of different levels of zinc hydroxide and zinc- glycine on blood and immunity parameters and enzyme activity in 308 Ross strain broilers
shahram nessabian abolfazl zarei Mohammad Chamani Aliasghar Sadeghi Alireza Seidavi

To evaluate the effect of different levels of zinc glycine and zinc hydroxide on blood and immunity parameters, and enzyme activity in broilers in a compeletely randomize design with 9 treatments and 4 replications and 15 chickens in each experimental unit by 3 × More

To evaluate the effect of different levels of zinc glycine and zinc hydroxide on blood and immunity parameters, and enzyme activity in broilers in a compeletely randomize design with 9 treatments and 4 replications and 15 chickens in each experimental unit by 3 × 3 factorial method was performed on 540 one- day- old broiler chickens on top of 308. Experimental diets included different levels of 0, 50 and 100 mg/kg from each of the two sources of zinc hydroxide and zinc glycine. Experimental results showed that the effect of different levels of zinc hydroxide on performance, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, VLDL, SRBC antibody titer (immunoglobulin M first and G second), Newcastle antibody titer and influenza were significant in both turns, white blood cells number, percentage of heterophiles and lymphocytes, immune organs,, Enzymes alanine transaminase(ALT), aspartate transaminase(AST), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) were significant (P<0.05). The effect of different levels of zinc glycine on glucose, liver enzymes, immunoglobuline G second time, thymus,(P<0.05).The overall results showed that feeding broilers with the diet including 100 mg/kg of zinc hydroxide had the appropriate effect on broilers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

143 - Evaluation of Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Infected Mehraban Sheep with Hydatid Cyst and Hepatitis Trematoda in Hamadan Industrial Slaughterhouse 2015
Heydar Heydari Hamidreza Zahiri Azam Hosseini Parmis Notghi Saeideh Ayneh Azadeh Hosseini Elaheh Shams Hossein vazini

Background; Livestock is the most important source of human food chain and the main source of protein. Parasitic diseases cause economic damage and have adverse effects on the health of animals and humans.Study plan; In this study, hematologic and biochemical parameters More

Background; Livestock is the most important source of human food chain and the main source of protein. Parasitic diseases cause economic damage and have adverse effects on the health of animals and humans.Study plan; In this study, hematologic and biochemical parameters in hepatocyte infected sheep at Hamedan industrial slaughterhouse in 2015 were investigated.Animals studied; 220 Mehraban sheep breed by different ages were randomly collected from Hamedan slaughterhouses. The sheep were divided into four groups: 50 sheep infected with fasciolopsis (first infected group), 50 cases infected with hydatid cyst (second infected group), 20 cases infected with dicrucylose (three infected group) and 100 healthy sheep (control group).Method; The sheep were examined for macroscopic examination for hydatid cyst and hepatic trematoda. The blood sample was taken from the jugular vein of sheep. Blood and serum samples were tested. SPSS software was used to analyze the data.Results; The results showed that between the total number of red blood cells (RBC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), hemoglobin (Hb), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), mean cell volume (MCV), white blood cell (WBC) ) And aspartate transferase (AST), alanine transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymes were significantly different in the infected groups than the healthy group (P Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

144 - Studies on seminal plasma enzymes (GOT, GPT and LDH) profle and its relationship with quality of buffalo frozen semen
عبدالرضا Rastegarnia. یحیی Eviaz Sahara. وحید Shafepour,

This study was conducted to evaluate seminal enzyme (GOT, GPT and LDH) profle and its relationship withquality of buffalo frozen spermatozoa. For this purpose ,twenty-fve split pooled ejaculates from fve buffalo bulbsin Buffalo Breeding and Training center (Jabal-Urmia) More

This study was conducted to evaluate seminal enzyme (GOT, GPT and LDH) profle and its relationship withquality of buffalo frozen spermatozoa. For this purpose ,twenty-fve split pooled ejaculates from fve buffalo bulbsin Buffalo Breeding and Training center (Jabal-Urmia) possessing more than 80% visual sperm motility , werediluted at 37◦C in tris- egg yolk extender. The diluted semen was cooled to 4◦C within 2 hours, equilibrated at 4◦Cfor 4-6 hours following the addition of glycerol , flled in 0.5 ml French straws and were subjected to coolingcondition before being plunged into liquid nitrogen . Semen was thawed at 37◦C for 40 seconds after 72 hours ofstorage inside liquid nitrogen. Post thaw visual sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity and acrosome morphology of each frozen semen sample were assessed by warm plate microscopy at 37◦C, hypo osmotic swellingtest, and Giemsa staining, respectively. LDH and GOT(AST) ،GPT(ALT) enzyme activities were measured usingkinetic oxidation of lactate to private method and colorimetric method , respectively. Overall mean activity offrozen semen GOT (AST) ،GPT (ALT) and LDH enzyme activities were 140.4±18.5 (IU/L), 270.4±58.5 (IU/L)and 90.4±32.7 (IU/L) ,respectively. The relationship between the activities of these enzymes and semen qualityshowed only a positive correlation between increased LDH and GOT (AST) ،GPT (ALT) enzyme activities anddecrease post thaw spermatozoa characteristics. These result revealed that seminal enzyme (GOT, GPT and LDH)profle in extender is suitable and recommendable for evaluation of buffalo frozen semen. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

145 - Effect of foliar application of salicylic acid and zinc oxide on growth, photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes in tomato plants
fatemeh pezham Zahra Oraghi Ardebilli علیرضا لادن مقدم الهام دانائی

This study was conducted to investigate the growth and physiological responses of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants to long-term foliar application of zinc oxide (ZnO) and salicylic acid (SA) in low concentration. This experiment was carried out under the pot conditi More

This study was conducted to investigate the growth and physiological responses of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants to long-term foliar application of zinc oxide (ZnO) and salicylic acid (SA) in low concentration. This experiment was carried out under the pot conditions in cocopeat and perlite medium and Hoagland's nutrient solution was used to irrigate tomato seedlings. Tomato seedlings were sprayed with two concentrations (0 and 5 mg/l) zinc oxide and/or two dose (0 and 5 mg/l) of salicylic acid with three-day intervals during two months. Single and combined foliar application of salicylic acid and zinc oxide improved plant growth and fruit fresh weight. The applied treatments increased plant height, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, and fruit fresh weight. Individual and combined treatments of salicylic acid and zinc oxide also significantly increased the content of photosynthetic pigments, including chlorophyll a (Chla), Chlb, and carotenoids. A significant increase in the activity of catalase enzyme was recorded due to the foliar spray of zinc oxide and salicylic acid, especially the combined treatment. Peroxidase enzyme activity also showed an increasing trend in response to foliar application of zinc oxide and salicylic acid. Overall, this study provided physiological evidence on how the application of ZnO and salicylic acid in appropriate concentration can improve primary metabolism and antioxidant system. It is obvious that performing further researches, especially at molecular levels, can improve our knowledge in the field. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

146 - The effect of temperatur and seed moistuer content on seed germination and seedling growth characteristics of Borage (Borago officinalis L.)
Farzane Bagheri Mejdar rasoul fakhari Parisa Sheikhzadeh Nasser Zare Mahrokh Bolandi

This research was carried out to investigate the effect of seed storage temperature and moisture content on germination characteristics, growth and biochemical characteristics of Borago officinalis seedlings, In factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design wi More

This research was carried out to investigate the effect of seed storage temperature and moisture content on germination characteristics, growth and biochemical characteristics of Borago officinalis seedlings, In factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with 4 replications. The treatments included five levels of seed moisture (5, 10, 15, 20, 25%) and eight temperature levels (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 degrees Celsius) and 12 storage levels (7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70, 77 and 84 day). The results showed that with increase in storage time, percentage and seed germination rate, length decreased, and also the abnormal seedlings, amount of proline seedlings and activity of peroxidase enzymes were increased. The highest germination and seedling growth were obtained in the control treatment and 7 days after storage with 10% seed moisture after 7 days of storage. The lowest germination percentage was seen 84 days after storage with %15 seed moisture at 15°C. The maximum length of seedlings was obtained at 25°C temperature and 20% humidity with 7 days of storage. The results showed that at the temperature of 25 degrees, the peroxidase enzyme activity was the highest at the beginning of the storage period (28 days of storage), but with the continued influence of adverse conditions during storage, the enzyme activity decreased significantly. The results showed that the lowest amount of proline was obtained at a temperature of 15°C with a humidity level of 25% and at the 28th day of storage. Based on the results, with increasing storage time, the moisture content of seeds and the storage temperature of the quality of Borago officinalis seedlings are reduced. Since these seeds contain oil, it should be considered to be sufficient to store, survive and maintain its maximum quality. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

147 - Effect of Chloro Cholin Chloride (CCC) and spraying time on yield, physiological traits and antioxidant enzyme activity of corn (Zea mays cv. Sc 704)
Mohammad Nabi Ilkaee davoud habibi farzad paknejad naser khodabandeh massoud aliakbar bojar fateameh sedigi

Aim of this research was evaluation of Chloro  Cholin Chloride (CCC) and  spraying time effects on physiological traits and activation of some atioxidant enzymes in corn (cv. 704) under drought stress. This research carried out using a split- split plot in bas More

Aim of this research was evaluation of Chloro  Cholin Chloride (CCC) and  spraying time effects on physiological traits and activation of some atioxidant enzymes in corn (cv. 704) under drought stress. This research carried out using a split- split plot in based of a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replication in the research field of the Azad university in Karaj branch (Mahdasht) in 2007. Normal irrigation and drought stress (irrigation withhold after anthesis) allocated to main plots, treatments of spraying concentrations (0 and 1.5 Lit/ha) to sub plots and spraying time at (6 leaf stages and 15 days later on) to sub-sub plots. Results showed that drought stress effect on cytoplasm membrane stability, activity of Glutation oxidaze and  Super oxide dismotase (SOD) enzymes (p≤1%) and also  grain yield and Catalaze enzyme activity (p≤5%) was significant. The CCC application with concentration of 1.5 Lit/ha on yield and relative water content (RWC) (p≤5%) and antioxidant enzyme activity (p≤1%) was significant. Amount of  RWC for CCC treatments (65.5%) compared to the control (60.6%) showed significant differents.The grain yield for CCC treatments (10.7 ton/ha) was significantly higher than control (9.1 ton/ha). SOD activity for CCC (1740.5 mg. pico mol) was also significantly higher than the control (888.1 mg. pico mol). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

148 - The effect of methanol and salicylic acid foliar application on the physiological and antioxidant properties of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under low irrigation conditions
Samaneh Safajo Ali Faramarzi Jalil Ajali Mehrdad Abdi Mehdi Oraei

10.22034/aej.2021.708292

In order to investigate the effect of methanol and salicylic acid foliar application on the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase), soluble carbohydrates and proline content of rapeseed (Brassica napus L) in dehydration More

In order to investigate the effect of methanol and salicylic acid foliar application on the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase), soluble carbohydrates and proline content of rapeseed (Brassica napus L) in dehydration stress condition, an split-factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in two years (2017 and 2018) in Safiabad Agricultural Research and Training Center of Dezful. The treatments of dehydration stress included three levels (70, 140 and 210 mm evaporation) as main plots and combination of treatments of salicylic acid on three level (control, 100 and 20 μmol) and methanol foliar application on three levels (control, 10 and 20 % Volume) as subplots. The results of analysis of variance showed that the effect of dehydration stress on the activity of catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes as well as soluble carbohydrates and proline content was significant. Further more, foliar application of methanol and salicylic acid on measured traits was significant Mean comparison showed that dehydration stress has led to increase activity of antioxidant enzymes as well as soluble carbohydrates and proline content. Finally, foliar application of methanol and salicylic acid has reduced the activity of antioxidant enzymes and increased the content of soluble carbohydrates and proline in rapeseed.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

149 - Electrolyte leakage and catalase and peroxidase activity in chickpea genotypes seedling, in response to low temperatures
Ehsan Fathi Iraj Tahmasebi Nasrin Teimoori

10.22034/aej.2016.525180

ABSTRACT     This study was conducted to evaluate the resistance of chickpea genotypes to low temperature stress in seedling growth stage in growth chamber condition. In this experiment temperature levels include -15, -10, -5, 0, 5, 10 and 15 °C More

ABSTRACT     This study was conducted to evaluate the resistance of chickpea genotypes to low temperature stress in seedling growth stage in growth chamber condition. In this experiment temperature levels include -15, -10, -5, 0, 5, 10 and 15 °C applied on five chickpea genotypes such as Arman, Azad, Pirouz, ILC482 and Kaka as factorial based on completely randomized blocks design with three replications. in the of chickpea genotypes With increasing stress cold(Reducing the temperature from 15 to 0 ° C) Level of electrolyte leakage increased and the temperature a 0 ° C reached to maximum This average increase was 21.32%. The temperature range is applied, respectively Azad and ILC482 genotype have the highest and lowest electrolyte leakage were. With decreasing temperature to 0 ° C peroxidase and catalase enzyme activity increased in all genotypes. For temperatures less than 0 ° C genotype was different answers. The highest peroxidase and catalase enzyme activity was related to the genotype ILC482, while genotypes were Azad and pirouz has the lowest enzyme activity. different answers at low temperatures probably due to the influence of of enzymes and other materials that cause reduce damage that reactive oxygen species. Overall, compared to other genotypes ILC482 genotype seems to are the more resistance to cold. According to the results, it is recommended In areas where air temperature in the cultures winter and is waiting to reduce severe The genotypes that are more resistant to cold stress should be used such as ILC482.That Less damage to the In effect of cold on the plant. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

150 - The effect of acclimatization and osmopriming of seeds on salt stress tolerance in wheat plant (Triticum aestivum L.)
Afagh Yavari Ghader Habibi Masoumeh Abedini Gholamreza Bakhshi Khaniki

10.22034/aej.2021.705319

Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses that affects seed yield and crop production. Salinity causes adverse morphological, physiological and biochemical effects on wheat seedlings. In this research, the effects of seed priming (1 mM proline) on the respo More

Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses that affects seed yield and crop production. Salinity causes adverse morphological, physiological and biochemical effects on wheat seedlings. In this research, the effects of seed priming (1 mM proline) on the response of wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) to salinity stress in acclimatized and non-acclimatized conditions were investigated. Wheat seeds were subjected to acclimatization and seed priming with proline (1 mM) for 12 hours. Then, the seeds were planted in pots containing saline soil (EC=26.5 dS/m) and plant growth and physiological parameters were investigated. The results showed that in non-stressed conditions, seed yield increased with proline treatment. Pretreatment of seeds with proline under salinity stress preserved their photosynthetic performance compared to acclimatization. The results of examining the characteristics of shoot dry weight along with the measurement of malondialdehyde showed that acclimatization with low salt concentration cannot reduce the inhibitory effect of high salinity (EC=26.5 dS/m). Therefore, more research is needed to optimize the acclimatization protocol, seed osmopriming factors and environmental conditions to increase plant tolerance to salinity stress Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

151 - The effect of different copper sulfate (CuSO4) concentrations on some physiological parameters of (Melissa officinalis L.)
salehe naderi حمیده خواجه حسن احمدی

Melissa (Melissa offcinalis L.), a member of a Lamiaceae family, is a medical plant. The main most important pharmacological properties can be soothin, strengthening nerve, carminative and memory booster. The presence of heavy metals is one of important environmental st More

Melissa (Melissa offcinalis L.), a member of a Lamiaceae family, is a medical plant. The main most important pharmacological properties can be soothin, strengthening nerve, carminative and memory booster. The presence of heavy metals is one of important environmental stresses that can reduce growth and production of types of reactive oxygen. In the present study, the effect of copper sulfate (CuSO4) on some physiological parameters of melissa was examined. So melissa was treated with different concentrations of copper sulfate (0, 10, 20, 30 mM) in 6-leaf stage. Then melissa was harvested after two weeks in order to examine malondialdehyde, gayacol peroxidase, peroxidase and poly phenol oxidase antioxidative enzymes activity. The results showed that when copper sulfate increased in comparison with control, the activity of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) and antioxidant enzymes increased significantly. Totally, all used copper sulfate concentrations caused toxicity in melissa and it showed that the plant is sensitive to huge amount of copper. This study investigated the effect of copper sulfate on malondialdehyde, gayacol peroxidase, peroxidase and poly phenol oxidase antioxidative enzymes activity in melissa. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

152 - The effect of salicylic acid on some physiological traits of (Coriandurum sativum L.)
salehe naderi hamideh khaje hasan ahmadi

In order to study the effect of salicylic acid on antioxidant enzymes activity such as peroxidase (POD), gayacol peroxidase (GPX) and poly phenol oxidase (PPO), chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid in Coriander, this study was done as completely randomized whit three replica More

In order to study the effect of salicylic acid on antioxidant enzymes activity such as peroxidase (POD), gayacol peroxidase (GPX) and poly phenol oxidase (PPO), chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid in Coriander, this study was done as completely randomized whit three replication in Biocenter of Zabol University, 2014. salicylic acid was in four level (0, 1, 1.5 and 2 mM). In comparison with control, the result showed antioxidant enzymes activity such as peroxidase (POD), gayacol peroxidase (GPX) and poly phenol oxidase (PPO), chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid increased 72.96, 90.22, 91.70, 75.34, 85.34 and 81.12 percent with control in 2 mM. It seems that in concentration higher than 1 mM salicylic acid, with producing antioxidants and increasing photosynthesis pigments, improved partially growth in Coriander at experimental condition.  Manuscript profile

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