Effect Of Lead Chloride on Embryonic Stages and Kidney Differentiation in Pterophyllum Scalare

Subject Areas :

Sara  Shekari ¹ (دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال، دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد زیست شناسی، تهران. ایران.)
mehrengiz  sadooghi ² (دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال، استاد دانشکده علوم زیستی، تهران. ایران)
Homayon  Hosseinzadeh ³ (عضو هیئت علمی مرکز تحقیقات شیلات ایران، تهران. ایران.)

Received: 2015-04-15 Accepted : 2018-08-04 Published : 2014-01-21

Keywords: liver enzymes, silver nanoparticles, Rat,

Abstract :

Introduction and Objective: The amount of heavy metals in the environment has increased with human industrial interference and cause damage to the environment provides.Free of heavy metals are found in combination with other elements in the environment , and mineral waters. Effect of  lead chloride  on fish embryos that named (Pterophyllum   scalar)  is the aim of this studyTherefore, 5 pairs of ornamental fish of a species to determine the toxicity of lead chloride in the process of embryonic development (early life) before the eggs were extractedMaterials and Methods:  In the first study to determine the acute toxicity LC50 concentration of the desired material (lead chloride) 5 concentration of 3 μg/L, 5 μg/L, 10 μg/L and 20 μg/L  and control was performed in three successive iterations .Each test was repeated for 3 days and counting the number of dead embryos (white) Acute toxicity of lead chloride at doses less than μg/L  (5 μg/L  ≤ n) was determinedIn the second phase of research to examine  the changes desired effect of causing toxicity on fetal developmental stages of Angel fish were. Stages of the  test is less than the LC50 concentration of less than 4 were considered g/Lμ5. The concentrations of 5/0, 5/1, 3 and 5/4 g / Lμ and controls for comparisonSome of these samples at the same moment sampling survey was study with photo stereo microscope.Results:The results showed that lead chloride in the initial review abnormally apparent like the tilt, loss of vision or the lack of effect on growth delay. Histological studies of tissues prepared for light microscopy study also showed that lead chloride on growth of embryonic kidney (Prenefroses) did not interfere