Dietary Effects of Hydrothermal, Extrusion and Expansion Processed Quinoa Seed on Blood Metabolites, Intestinal Morphology and Liver Enzymes Activity of Broiler Chickens
Subject Areas : Journal of Animal BiologyMohammad Ali Jafari 1 , Negin Zeyghami 2
1 - Department of Animal Science, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr Branch, Qaemshahr, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr Branch, Qaemshahr, Iran
Keywords: Quinoa seed, Thermal processing, Blood metabolites, Liver enzymes, Broilers,
Abstract :
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding diets containing quinoa seeds processed by hydrothermal, extrusion, and expansion methods on blood parameters, intestinal morphology, and liver enzyme activity in broiler chickens. This experiment was conducted using 225 commercial Ross 308 broiler chickens in 5 treatments, 3 replications, and 15 chickens per replication in a completely randomized design. The experimental treatments included basal diet (without quinoa), diet containing 15% unprocessed quinoa seeds, diet containing 15% hydrothermally processed quinoa seeds, diet containing 15% extruded quinoa seeds, and diet containing 15% expanded quinoa seeds. The results indicated a significant decrease in serum concentration of cholesterol, total protein, ALP and ALT activity and a significant increase in serum concentration of uric acid of broilers fed raw quinoa seed (p < 0.05). However, no statistically significant difference was observed in feed intake, triglyceride content and mineral elements calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc, AST and LDH of blood serum among different treatments (p < 0.05). Also, replacing raw quinoa seeds caused a significantly decreased villi height and increased crypt depth (p < 0.05). Intestinal viscosity was increased by feeding processed quinoa seed, but this parameter was not affected by the dietary treatments (p > 0.05). The lowest villi height and the highest crypt depth were observed in the treatment fed with unprocessed quinoa. The experimental treatments did not have a significant effect on the viscosity of the ileum sample of the digestive tract (p < 0.05). However, by applying the extrusion method, the viscosity of the digestive contents of the intestine increased slightly. According to the results of this study, the use of thermal processes, especially the extrusion method, can eliminate many anti-nutritional compounds of quinoa seeds and thus quinoa seeds can be a suitable alternative in the diet of broiler chickens.
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