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Open Access Article
1 - Using the IPSS Method in the Quantitative Recommendation of Nitrogen Fertilizer to Reduce Environmental Pollution
Abdolkarim Ejraei rakhshan hakimelahiIntroduction: Chemical fertilizers are one of the most important factors that pollute the environment. Chemical fertilizers can cause air, soil, surface and underground water pollution and cause irreparable damage to the environment. Among the chemical fertilizers, nitr MoreIntroduction: Chemical fertilizers are one of the most important factors that pollute the environment. Chemical fertilizers can cause air, soil, surface and underground water pollution and cause irreparable damage to the environment. Among the chemical fertilizers, nitrogenous fertilizers have the largest amount of consumption and can be affected by the oxidation and reduction process and affect the environment the most. So far, many methods have been presented to recommend chemical fertilizers, but all these methods are qualitative and cannot calculate the quantity of fertilizer required by the plant. The Integrated Plant and Soil System (IPSS) was first described in 2019. In this method, the amount of elements needed by plants is calculated quantitatively. Materials and Methods: There was a significant correlation between nitrogen of saturated soil extract and nitrogen of plant organs, and the highest correlation was observed between the nitrogen of young leaves and the nitrogen of saturated soil extract. Also, the highest correlation was between the nitrogen of young leaves and other plant organs. Organs of plants whose nitrogen had a significant correlation with soil nitrogen were selected and multivariate regression equations were determined between them and soil saturated extract nitrogen. By simplifying them, two equations with two variables were obtained, according to which the required fertilizer can be calculated. Results and Discussion: There was a significant correlation between nitrogen of saturated soil extract and nitrogen of plant organs, and the highest correlation was observed between the nitrogen of young leaves and the nitrogen of saturated soil extract. Also, the highest correlation was between the nitrogen of young leaves and other plant organs. Organs of plants whose nitrogen had a significant correlation with soil nitrogen were selected and multivariate regression equations were determined between them and soil saturated extract nitrogen. By simplifying them, two equations with two variables were obtained, according to which the required fertilizer can be calculated. Conclusion: The results of this research are two bivariate regression equations, based on which the amount of fertilizer required by plants can be calculated quantitatively and accurately, and the environment can be protected from the risk of chemical fertilizer contamination. This method can be used for all elements and plants in hydroponic and soil cultivation systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - A Review Of Cross Impact Analysis Methods And An Introduction To the Correlation Logic Method
Ebrahim Hajiani Alireza HemmatiMost of the futures study methods evaluate the concerning variables and drivers seperately to predict or examine the events. However, some times there is a need to analyze the event occurance probability in correlation with a series of predicted events. The Cross Impact MoreMost of the futures study methods evaluate the concerning variables and drivers seperately to predict or examine the events. However, some times there is a need to analyze the event occurance probability in correlation with a series of predicted events. The Cross Impact Analysis method is the key to this problem. Requiring more complex statistical processing to achieve the results, the Cross Impact Analysis method, like the Delphi method, is based on the experts opinions. The main approach in this method is to determine the event occurance probability or various driver forces seperately and ask the experts opinions for the event occurance probability in case of other event occurances and their cross impact. In advanced methods of this analysis, discussed in this study, event occurance probability is reviewed in the chain of reasons between events. Thus, a matrix of the primary probabilities and conditional probabilities and directed event cross impact relations and driving forces is designed. The common methods of this analysis defines rules based on the two logic of probabilities and structures relations for the events impacts on each other. However, both methods are not used for the cross impacts. In this study, authors presented a new method of correlation logic to cover both positive and negative impacts of events on each other using a review on available methods of cross impact analysis. Cross impact analysis method usually leads to a scenario Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Relativistic dynamics of electrons around impurities in high-density plasmas
Said Douis Mohammed Tayeb Meftah -
Open Access Article
4 - Dynamical and transport properties in plasmas including three-particle spatial correlations
Hakima Ababsa Med Tayeb Meftah Thouria Chohra -
Open Access Article
5 - Surface coupling effects on contact mechanics: contact area and interfacial separation between an elastic solid and a hard substrate with randomly rough, self-affine fractal surfaces
M. Feshanjerdi A. A. Masoudi M. Khorrami -
Open Access Article
6 - Non-equilibrium phase transition in a two-species driven-diffusive model of classical particles
Mohammad Ghadermazi Farhad H. Jafarpour -
Open Access Article
7 - A New Multi-Criteria Decision Making Based on Fuzzy- Topsis Theory
Leila Yahyaie Sohrab Khanmohammadi -
Open Access Article
8 - The Assessment of the Community Capacity on the Urban Vulnerability Based on Community Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) (Case Study : Yousef-Abad, Tehran City)
Davood Kazemi Alireza Andalib -
Open Access Article
9 - Evaluation of Model-Based Methods in Estimating Dynamic Functional Connectivity of Brain Regions
M. Behboudi R. Farnoosh M. A. Oghabian H. PezeshkToday, neuroscientists are interested in discovering human brain functions through brain networks. In this regard, the evaluation of dynamic changes in functional connectivity of the brain regions by using functional magnetic resonance imaging data has attracted their a MoreToday, neuroscientists are interested in discovering human brain functions through brain networks. In this regard, the evaluation of dynamic changes in functional connectivity of the brain regions by using functional magnetic resonance imaging data has attracted their attention. In this paper, we focus on two model-based approaches, called the exponential weighted moving average model and the dynamic conditional correlation model, to estimate the dynamic correlation between the two brain regions. Initially, the performance of these two models is evaluated using two new simulations. According to the results, in these simulation studies, the dynamic conditional correlation model has better performance than the exponential weighted moving average model. Therefore, a dynamic conditional correlation model is used to estimate the dynamic functional connectivity of two brain regions (the anterior cingulate cortex and the posterior cingulate cortex) for three Iranian addicted to methamphetamine in a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The dynamic conditional correlation model has a good performance in assessing the dynamic functional connectivity of these addicted to methamphetamine. In addition, the dynamic functional connectivity varies between subjects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Information Flow and Stock Return Predictability
Mohammad Rahimi Abolfazl ShahabadiThis study explores the role of information flow in stock return predictability in Iranian stock market. The empirically motivated models estimated using the monthly data of the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) for the period of 2001:01 to 2011:12. While Iranian stock market MoreThis study explores the role of information flow in stock return predictability in Iranian stock market. The empirically motivated models estimated using the monthly data of the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) for the period of 2001:01 to 2011:12. While Iranian stock market return is high predictable, the source of return predictability is shown to vary considerably with information flow. The results show that the relevance of the first-order autocorrelation decreases with volatility and reversely, the relevance of a conditional multifactor asset pricing model increases with volatility in this market. Furthermore, the results indicating that the local market risk and changes in oil price affect the expected aggregate return in periods of high information. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Select the optimum stock portfolio investment based on canonical correlation analysis for member firms of Tehran Stock Exchange
Saeid Aghasi Ehsan Aghasi Sahar BiglariIn recent years, financial markets, and especially the capital market has been a significant expansion in the international and country levels and sudden changes in economic behavior and perception of investors of the market situation affected. The main problem in choos MoreIn recent years, financial markets, and especially the capital market has been a significant expansion in the international and country levels and sudden changes in economic behavior and perception of investors of the market situation affected. The main problem in choosing the optimal portfolio optimization assets and securities that can be provided with a certain amount of capital. Although minimize risk and maximize return on investment comes in plain view, but in practice has been used several approaches to portfolio optimization.In this study, to determine the optimal portfolio based on canonical correlation analysis on companies active in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the year 1394 were discussed. Methods cross-sectional study of a sample of 42 companies included in the index returns daily adjustment of the top 50 companies in the period is three months. Based on canonical correlation analysis showed, 42 samples in the form of two pairs of canonical variables, each linear combinations of the daily rates of return were, were adjusted and petrochemical allocated and the remaining 155 units will be assigned in other industries desired. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Statistical Investigation and Comparative Assessment of the Non-Performing Assets of Indian Commercial Banks
A. Garg -
Open Access Article
13 - Surveying the effect of internal marketing and internal branding on service quality (Case study: A Server Company)
محمد حسن کامفیروزی علی بنیادی نائینی محمود دهقان مشتانیBy the increasing of service organizations, the problem of service quality has gained crucial importance and service organizations are seeking a ways to increase service quality. This paper intends to increase the service quality by using internal marketing and internal MoreBy the increasing of service organizations, the problem of service quality has gained crucial importance and service organizations are seeking a ways to increase service quality. This paper intends to increase the service quality by using internal marketing and internal branding. Employees in the service organizations play an important role in the service quality then organizations should have a particular and special attention on their employees. Both of internal marketing and internal branding by focus on employees are trying to deliver organizations promise through employees of organizations and attract more customers to organization. Methodology of this paper is Qualitative – Quantitative so that by reading former research and collecting repetitive element we gain the conceptual model of research and then by real data, we test the model. Population of this research is the employees of service organizations and the data was collected by the questionnaire. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Surveying the Effect of Internal Marketing and Internal Branding on Service Quality (Case Study: A Server Company)
A. Bonyadi Naeini M. H. Kamfiroozi M. Dehghan MashtaniBy the increasing of service organizations, the problem of service quality has gained crucial importance and service organizations are seeking a ways to increase service quality. This paper intends to increase the service quality by using internal marketing and internal MoreBy the increasing of service organizations, the problem of service quality has gained crucial importance and service organizations are seeking a ways to increase service quality. This paper intends to increase the service quality by using internal marketing and internal branding. Employees in the service organizations play an important role in the service quality then organizations should have a particular and special attention on their employees. Both of internal marketing and internal branding by focus on employees are trying to deliver organizations promise through employees of organizations and attract more customers to organization. Methodology of this paper is Qualitative – Quantitative so that by reading former research and collecting repetitive element we gain the conceptual model of research and then by real data, we test the model. Population of this research is the employees of service organizations and the data was collected by the questionnaire. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Detecting of spatio-temporal relationship between drought and fire events in the fields of natural resources in Lorestan province
Rezvan Safdary Seyed Masoud Monavari Sasan Babaie Kafaky Hadi KiadaliriImproving decisions in fire management requires a complete understanding of the spatio-temporal relationships between droughts and fires. To achieve this, the natural areas of Lorestan province were selected as the research site. The fire data from MODIS satellite produ MoreImproving decisions in fire management requires a complete understanding of the spatio-temporal relationships between droughts and fires. To achieve this, the natural areas of Lorestan province were selected as the research site. The fire data from MODIS satellite products and monthly rainfall data of the province were extracted to estimate SPI drought index for the statistical period of 2000 to 2022. The spatial and temporal relationship between the frequency of fire occurrences and the spatial and temporal distribution of droughts in terms of annual and monthly scales was investigated with the Pearson correlation model in the province. The results showed that the trend of fires in the region is increasing. The months of June and July have experienced the highest frequency of fires in the natural areas of the province. Poldokhtar city has had the most frequent fires in natural areas. The whole region has tended to be dry, but the eastern parts mostly included classes with higher degrees of drought. The results of the correlation matrix showed that only the drought events in spring to summer had a significant but moderate negative correlation with the fire events in spring and summer. Despite the obtained results, this study emphasizes that the connection between fires with drought needs more studies and it is not possible to prove the real relationship between the two phenomena with just one calculation index. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Study of ecological diversity of some tree microhabitats in managed and unmanaged parcels of deciduous forests) Case study: Mazandaran-ghaemshahr Chaybagh serie parcels 25 and 26)
Majid Isaac Nymvri Komeil GholinezhadProtection of biodiversity is considered one of the global concerns and it needs to manage forest as a complex ecosystem and its vital role in conserving biodiversity have been widely acknowledged. The microhabitats of tree habitats were accurately determined based on t MoreProtection of biodiversity is considered one of the global concerns and it needs to manage forest as a complex ecosystem and its vital role in conserving biodiversity have been widely acknowledged. The microhabitats of tree habitats were accurately determined based on the scale lines in a selective manner and the method selected by Lario et al. The measurement parameters including slope, height, moisture content, temperature, light, and soil texture were measured and consequently the environmental factors affecting micro-habitats were investigated using Pc-ordwin software version 4.5 and multivariate analysis (CCA) test. The results showed that in the control parcel, temperature was directly related to light, slope, height, and soil texture, and the average of light, height, soil and positive correlation in this parcel is more than managed parcel, while in the managed parcel it is opposite. The tree microhabitats in the managed and unmanaged parcels have been created under different environmental conditions. According to the results of the CCA and depending on the type of management measures, the forest can be directed towards the type of management by increasing or decreasing the mentioned environmental factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Investigating spatiotemporal changes in greenness of Zagros Oak forests in response to drought
Mohadeseh Ghanbari Motlagh Masoud Kiadaliri Mansour HalimiClimate changes in Iran, which have mainly manifested in the form of intensifying periods of drought and increasing temperature, can have profound effects on the forest ecosystems of Zagros in the west of Iran. In this study, the drought trend (with PDSI index) and its MoreClimate changes in Iran, which have mainly manifested in the form of intensifying periods of drought and increasing temperature, can have profound effects on the forest ecosystems of Zagros in the west of Iran. In this study, the drought trend (with PDSI index) and its effects on the spatial-temporal dynamics of EVI greenness index from MODIS sensor were investigated through correlational relationship in the statistical period from 2000 to 2020 in Zagros oak forests in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province. To determine the greenness index threshold value, sampling at 20 points in the forests of the province and EVI index values in these areas were used. The results showed that the greenness threshold value of EVI in these forests was at the maximum level in June. The greenness index value and the area of the oak forests of the province have decreased during the study period. The peak greenness of the oak forests of the province had a significant sensitivity to changes in rainfall and drought at the end of the cold period of the year and in the spring season. The negative phases of the drought indices have been completely consistent with the periods of greenness loss. The EVI, as an index of forest greenness, has shown a high sensitivity to the PDSI drought index. The PDSI index has also been able to explain 0.74 of the spatial changes of EVI in the three months of April, May, and June. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - NBO Analysis of Structural and Electronic Properties in B30N20
Rahim Esmkhani Majid Monajjemi -
Open Access Article
19 - The role of modern social networks in cultural development(Case study of Malekan city, summer 1396)
ali soleymanzadehAbstract:The purpose of research is Sociological study of the relationship between benefiting from new social net work & Cultural development.the statisticul society of research is made by all 3700 mail and femail student's whom are studing in malekan high schools i MoreAbstract:The purpose of research is Sociological study of the relationship between benefiting from new social net work & Cultural development.the statisticul society of research is made by all 3700 mail and femail student's whom are studing in malekan high schools in 1395-1396 . Sample size became Determined the 348 students by kokaran formula. The way of by chance sampling is taxonomic that has been gatten accidentaly in each group through of Grade, field of study & the gender. The research is a survay research, measurement tool is questionnair . Data was analyzed using spss softwares, it has been analsed.The reliability of questions relate to structurs were confirmed formal by some specialized people.for determine the measure of validity of questions for questionnaire,was used from Cronbach's alpha tests.and for mostly variants the measure of alpha was more than 0.7For test of relationship between variants were used form The correlation coefficient Pearson's and from t-test & regression analysis , Based on the results of the research, the average Cultural development among high school students in Malekan city are 145/70, which indicates that a high proportion of respondents adhere to civil values. The results of multivariate regression analysis show that the relationship between independent and dependent variables is confirmed and the corrected explanatory factor indicates that % 64/2 of the variables the Changes in cultural development by the variable of the new social networks.Key words :social network s, civil values , Correlation , trust , development, Cultural development Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The Role of Modern Social Networks in Cultural Development (Case of Study: Malekan City, summer 2017)
Ali Soleimanzadeh Mehrdad Navabakhsh Bagher SaroukhaniThe purpose of research is Sociological study of the relationship between benefiting from new social network & Cultural development. The statistical society of research is made by all 3700 mail and female student's whom are studying in Malekan high schools in 2016-2 MoreThe purpose of research is Sociological study of the relationship between benefiting from new social network & Cultural development. The statistical society of research is made by all 3700 mail and female student's whom are studying in Malekan high schools in 2016-2017. Sample size became Determined the 348 students by Cochran’s formula. The way of by chance sampling is taxonomic that has been gotten accidentally in each group through of Grade, field of study & the gender. The research is a survey research, measurement tool is questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS & Amos software’s, it has been analyzed. The reliability of questions relate to structures were confirmed formal by some specialized people. For determine the measure of validity of questions for questionnaire, was used from Cronbach's alpha tests. And for mostly variants the measure of alpha was more than 0.7. For test of relationship between variants were used form The correlation coefficient Pearson's and from t-test & regression analysis , Based on the results of the research, the average Cultural development among high school students in Malekan city are 145/70, which indicates that a high proportion of respondents adhere to civil values. The results of multivariate regression analysis show that the relationship between independent and dependent variables is confirmed and the corrected explanatory factor indicates that 64/2% of the variables the Changes in cultural development by the variable of the new social networks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Evaluation and analysis of the sustainability of Ahvaz city with an emphasis on the performance of urban management
Saeed Amanpour Khatereh Ramezanpour Asadieh seydeh masomeh razavi Zahra MohagheghThis study has evaluated the performance of urban management in urban sustainability of Ahvaz cityThe research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature. The statistical population is the citizens of Ahvaz city. The sample size MoreThis study has evaluated the performance of urban management in urban sustainability of Ahvaz cityThe research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature. The statistical population is the citizens of Ahvaz city. The sample size of Cochran's formula is equal to 322 people. A questionnaire was designed in the form of 5 indicators: socio-cultural, economic, physical-physical, political, and environmental. Data analysis was used in the SPSS software space.The total average shows that the situation of urban management in Ahvaz is unfavorable and socio-cultural and economic stability is worse than other indicators. The results of the one-sample t-test showed that all indicators are far from the hypothetical mean (3). This factor indicates the instability of indicators in urban areas. Overall, Region 1 was better off in terms of economic and political sustainability, Region 8 in terms of social sustainability, Region 3 in terms of physical, and Region 4 in terms of the environment. The results of the correlation analysis show that region 1 is moderately stable and the regions 6, 7, and 8 are in the very low range, and regions 2, 3, and 4 are in the vicinity of the low spectrum. Finally, according to the results, indicators of urban management sustainability in the city of Ahvaz are divided into 5 levels. The average of the first level is 24.10, the second level is 23.49, the third level is 22.42, the fourth level is 21.37 and the average of the fifth level is 19.79. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Climate Signals applied to the prediction of evaporation in west of Iran
Enayatolah Rahmati Majid Montazeri Amir Gandomkar Mehran Lashani ZandEvaporation is one of the climatic variables that predict significant role in the planning of water. Due to the relatively high rainfall in areas of West Iran, awareness of the evaporation rate of water in these areas is essential for proper management.The factors influ MoreEvaporation is one of the climatic variables that predict significant role in the planning of water. Due to the relatively high rainfall in areas of West Iran, awareness of the evaporation rate of water in these areas is essential for proper management.The factors influencing rate of evaporation, which are climatic signals according to their role in predicting enables evaporation. Evaporation prediction was performed using artificial neural network model based on climatic signals. the data of evaporation at three synoptic stations and the most important climate signals whit at least 20 years of monthly analysis using NeuroSolution software. The results show that the most Important signals affecting the evaporation areas include; Nina3, Nina1, Sw monsoon, Mei and Nina4.Comparison of observed data with a high correlation between the ANN output data shows. So that the correlation of the Kermanshah station is 71%, Hamedan 82% and Sanandaj 80%.The output data of the neural network and climatic signals, can accurately predict the top 97% of the areas evaporation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Relation Of ENSO And Climate Change And Its Effects On Fluctuation Of Temperature In The Khorasan Province
علیرضا Shahabfar محمد Mohammadi کوروش EhteramianThe long-term forecasting and monitoring of Climatological parameters depends onidentification of all effective factors that are affects on this phenomenon. One of theseparameters in the weather signal. These signals are the determinable and specificpattern and occur in MoreThe long-term forecasting and monitoring of Climatological parameters depends onidentification of all effective factors that are affects on this phenomenon. One of theseparameters in the weather signal. These signals are the determinable and specificpattern and occur in the distinguished regions in the world, but its effects areworldwide. One of the famous signals is ENSO phenomenon, which have two phases.In this paper with using annual and seasonal correlations between SouthernOscillation Index (SOI) and temperature data, the effective amounts of ENSO phaseson the differences of these factors was studied in the all regions of Khorasan provincein I.R.of Iran, then for more comprehensive study the classification maps in relation ofENSO and variability of temperature were drown. It was concluded that the mentionedparameter in the whole of the province especially in central and north strip have shownsignificant action to ENSO,in other word the average of temperature correlationindices are negative annually and seasonally ,it means when SOI amounts areincreased the temperature in Khorasan province will be decreased. With regard toincreasing the above weather parameters in all regions of Khorasan province at thetime of ENSO's negative phases (El Nino condition) variation of temperature could berelated to the changes of pattern of occurrences this phenomenon (ENSO) due toclimatic change around the world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Using statistical models to identify the phenomenon of climate change Case study : Kerman and Bam stations
هوشمند Ataei راضیه Fanaei M.A Rajaei مهدیه FatehiThis study investigated the process of climate change both Kerman and Bam stations as, Kerman province has been selected stations. Was used in this base the parameterthe average bulb temperature, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, daily temperature, absolute mini MoreThis study investigated the process of climate change both Kerman and Bam stations as, Kerman province has been selected stations. Was used in this base the parameterthe average bulb temperature, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, daily temperature, absolute minimum temperature, absolute maximum temperature, mean relative humidity, maximum relative humidity, minimum relative humidity and total precipitation of scale Monthly and annual during the period 1957-2005. In start was examined the normal and homogeneity used data use Anderson-Darling and Chi-square test. Then, was employed for data with normal distribution and the autocorrelation function test and abnormal distribution of the data, statistical-graphics tests Mann-Kendall. In outrance was performed the trend analytical model the least squares method on normally distributed data. The results of this study indicate that in Kerman station trends were observed in the months that followed of trend patterns; average bulb temperature of decrease trend, the mean absolute maximum temperature without trend and the other elements have been increased trend. The damping of the mean relative humidity and maximum relative humidity increases trend and minimum relative humidity have been decrease trend. Was confirmed there are an increase trend in temperature elements and decrease in humidity elements Bam station during the study period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Survey the relationship between religion identities and architectural challenges in Tehran
علی رحیمی فاطمه فراهانیIntroduction and objective: Everyone in the city is interested in buildings that make up of beauties which indicate the culture of region there. In this paper, the cultural challenges are identified and more over the effect of religion on some components of the architec MoreIntroduction and objective: Everyone in the city is interested in buildings that make up of beauties which indicate the culture of region there. In this paper, the cultural challenges are identified and more over the effect of religion on some components of the architectures has been tested. Method: In order to collect data, survey information is used and also 450 questionnaires are distributed in the area of 2-5-11-22 of Tehran. For hypothesis testing, descriptive statistic and correlation is used. Findings: Religious identity, historical conditions and morphological structures are variables which have been survived. Results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between morphological characteristics of buildings and buildings face. Results: Results also accept the existence of a positive and significant relationship between access to administrative and religion identity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Measurement of citizen participation in urban management desired - Case study District 8 in Qom-
Seyed Baqer Hosseini Mohsen KameliIntroduction and Objective: This paper has been prepared to assess the components of citizen participation in urban management and based on the findings and results of a survey of area 8 in Qom (City Campus) Research method: Type of research is the application devel MoreIntroduction and Objective: This paper has been prepared to assess the components of citizen participation in urban management and based on the findings and results of a survey of area 8 in Qom (City Campus) Research method: Type of research is the application development and this Methods study is descriptive and analytical. The method has been collecting information on the library, documents and athletics by using the questionnaire construction and has been used with SPSS software. Conclusion: The results suggest that the degree of citizen participation between men and women there was a significant difference between age and the participation of a significant relationship was observed. Also there are significant correlations between sense of community and citizen participation. This means that the rise of social belonging, participation of citizens has increased. Social relationships and social belonging variable high correlation with all three dimensions. There are significant correlations between sense of community and citizen participation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Analysis of the disparities between urban areas, based on social, economic and physical Indicators, using Quantitative models and spatial statistics (Case Study: The city of Mahabad)
mostafa mirabadi Azita Rajabi masoud mahdavi hajilouieIntroduction and Purpose of the Research: Paying attention and concentrating on the spatial structure of the city in terms of possession of various indicators is quite necessary because the spatial structure of the city has a coherent system which consists of various el MoreIntroduction and Purpose of the Research: Paying attention and concentrating on the spatial structure of the city in terms of possession of various indicators is quite necessary because the spatial structure of the city has a coherent system which consists of various elements and components. That is in a way that transience of each and every one of these elements affects the whole set and urban structure. Based on this fact, the aim of this research is evaluating the rate of spatial justice and the distribution pattern of spatial indicators and determining that rate of concentration in the mentioned indicators. Method: The research method is descriptive-analytic. In this research, by utilizing demographic-social, economic and skeletal indicators and also using VICOR, cluster analysis models, Gini coefficients and Moran coefficients, leveling and rating urban areas and measuring and spatial concentration and autocorrelation of the city of Mahabad in the year of 1394 is done. Findings: Results from VIKOR model showed us that the most urban areas of the city of Mahabad are undeveloped or not developed in a favorable way. Consequently, using Gini and Moran coefficients it has been cleared that facilities and urban services are concentrated the most, as this concentration has not faced a notable autocorrelation. That is because in the most cases, the distribution of the indicators was focused on a particular area, but not in several adjacent areas. Conclusion: It is determined that in the most cases, the spots that are possessed and allocated are placed in the north and northwest of the city and deprived spots are placed in south of the city of Mahabad. Therefore, paying an undivided attention to a decrease in inequalities and move to a balanced development in terms of facilities and urban services must be prioritized in urban management and planning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Basin of Namak Lake Using Statistical, DRASTIC and P-DRASTIC Methods
Javad Samadi Naghmeh Mobarghei dinanBackground and Purposes: Statistical methods are widely used in environmental studies to evaluate natural hazards. Within groundwater vulnerability in particular, statistical methods are used to support decisions about environmental planning and management. In this stud MoreBackground and Purposes: Statistical methods are widely used in environmental studies to evaluate natural hazards. Within groundwater vulnerability in particular, statistical methods are used to support decisions about environmental planning and management. In this study, the optimized of DRASTIC, Pesticide DRASTIC model parameters and land use layers (LU) were used to assess of pollution risk in catchment basin aquifer in south of Namak lake using of statistical methods. Methods: Information layers were prepared, rated (deterministic and fuzzy-statistical), weighted (original and statistical) and combined (by Index-Overlay method) in GIS environment. For modeling, from nonlinear regression for fuzzy-statistical rating (scaling) and the Pearson correlation coefficients between of nitrate concentrations with scaling parameters of DRASTIC, P-DRASTIC model and sensitivity analysis (removal and single-parameter) were performed to determine and modify of parameters weighted. Results: As result P-RASIC-LU and RASIC-LU model with statistical rating and weighting, removal-parameter sensitivity analysis, determine as best selection model based on correlation coefficient = 62%, P-value = 0.01 and with parameters of net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, impact of vadose zone, hydraulic conductivity and land use with the weighty values of 3.1, 4.0, 4.1, 3.1, 2, 2 and 2.5, 4.63, 4.15, 3.03, 2, 1.96 consequently. According to this model, western and southern parts of the aquifer has high pollution risk due to high net recharge and coarse-grain material in the impact of vadose zone, soil and aquifer media. Conclusion: Since reviewing of weight and rank of model parameters is limited personal opinions and increased model validation using statistical methods and GIS, It can be expected that favorable results to be followed for optimization of pollution risk model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Investigation of Arsenic Anomalies and Its Probable Origins in Maragheh Plain
shahram baikpour Zahra ArghavanBackground and Objective: The objective of this study is evaluating hydrochemical properties of groundwater in Maragheh area, including: Cations, Anions, Total Dissolved Solids, Electrical Conductivity, pH and Heavy metals (As, Fe, Mn) and investigating the statistical MoreBackground and Objective: The objective of this study is evaluating hydrochemical properties of groundwater in Maragheh area, including: Cations, Anions, Total Dissolved Solids, Electrical Conductivity, pH and Heavy metals (As, Fe, Mn) and investigating the statistical relations between these parameters and Probable Origins of contamination. Methods: In order to carry out ground water quality monitoring, and evaluate the controlling processes and to determine cations and anions sources of the groundwater, 34 wells were selected for sampling from July 2014 and April 2015and water quality parameters were measured and sent to the Laboratory Applied Research Center of Geological Survey & Mineral Explorations of Iran (Elburz). Data analysis was performed through SPSS software and Factor Analysis & Pearson correlation coefficient test. Results: The chemical composition of the surface and groundwater is controlled by several processes such as mineral dissolution, increasing evaporation from the aquifer, irrigation return flow, saline water intrusion in the Ajbashir Plain, geological status of the area, anthropogenic inputs. Discussion and Conclusion: The concentration of arsenic based on WHO standard is 10μg/L, while the maximum arsenic concentration in the study area is 308.5μg/L and the mean concentration is 44μg/L. According to the results, it relies that arsenic probable sources can be concerned to industrial waste water in Maragheh and Bonab industrial complex, agricultural activities (using pesticides and insecticides) and geological factors (existence of Shemshak formation), rocks and sediments derived from the erosion of these rocks and coal mines (Khormazard). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Statistical Assessment of Heavy Metals and Radioactive Elements Built in Sediments and Residual Salts in the Dry Bed of Lake Urmia
Asghar Asghari Moghaddam Fatemeh Nazari Mohsen Moazzen Vartan SimmondsBackground and Objective: In recent years, the water level of Lake Urmia has been increasingly reduced and a huge amount of sediment and salt has remained in its bed. Due to the geology around the lake as well as the effluents and sewage that have entered the lake, harm MoreBackground and Objective: In recent years, the water level of Lake Urmia has been increasingly reduced and a huge amount of sediment and salt has remained in its bed. Due to the geology around the lake as well as the effluents and sewage that have entered the lake, harmful elements have entered the lake water. With the regression of the lake, the complex contaminants in the water have been transferred to the sediments and salts of the lake bed, which in case of possible conversion of these sediments and salts containing hazardous elements into fine dust, will affect the surrounding areas. In this study, the content of heavy harmful metals (As, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn, Co, Mn, V, Cd and Hg) and radioactive materials (Th and U) in sediments and salts of Lake Urmia were evaluated. . The purpose of this study is to identify and study the source of contamination of harmful elements in sediments and residual salts in the dried bed of the semi-eastern part and between the passage of Lake Urmia. Method: To investigate, sampling of sediments and surface salts of the lake was done from the eastern and middle part of the lake and the samples were geochemically evaluated and statistically analyzed. Findings: Comparison of the results of the obtained concentrations with the average crust showed that the elements As, Cu, Ni, Co, Hg, Cd, Th and U in the region are more than the average crust. Discussion and Conclusion: The studied elements were examined by statistical evaluations such as correlation coefficient, cluster analysis and factor analysis. The results of all three methods were consistent with each other. According to these results, the origin of U and Hg elements is geology and the origin of other human elements. The main sources of human pollution are from urban and industrial effluents and sewage in the areas around the lake. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Prioritization of the factors effective on urban development and zonation using Ecological and Information Value and Correlation Models (A case study in Mazandaran Province)
eisa jokar sarhangi Mohmmadali Zangeneh AsadiBackground and Objective: It is important to determine the ecological capacity of zones for appropriate location of urban places. In zonation these are different factor. The study attempts prioritize these factors and to develop the zonation map of the province of Mazan MoreBackground and Objective: It is important to determine the ecological capacity of zones for appropriate location of urban places. In zonation these are different factor. The study attempts prioritize these factors and to develop the zonation map of the province of Mazandaran using models of ecological urban development, information value and correlation. Method: At first, effective ecological factors in determining appropriate zonation for urban development in the form of information layers were developed in Arc GIS environment the urban development ecological model was used for determining range of each class. However for calculating the weight of classes in each factor model of information value was used through comparing areas of cities in each class with the whole area. The weight of factors effective on zonation was calculated using the appropriate weight for each layer and implementing the above mentioned models. Findings: Results show that elevation of 0-400 and 1200-1800 meters, slope of 0-6 percents, the northern direction, quaternary fluvial, precipitation of less than 500 and higher 800 millimeters, wet of less than 60 percents and vegetation density of 30 -60 percents are appropriate for urban development. Discussion and Conclusion: factors of soil, lithology, elevation, slope, vegetation, wet, rain and aspect received the highest to the lowest priority in location of urban areas and obtaining zonation map respectively. Evaluation of the models indicated the information value is of a higher accuracy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Study of some physical & chemical properties of water of Khersan River & analysis the statistical relations thereof
Majid Abbaspour Amir Hossein Javid Ali Mashinchian avin habibiBackground and Objective: This article with the purpose of investigation on some physicochemical properties of Khersan River has been accomplished. These parameters are including: Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, Dissolved Solids, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxyge MoreBackground and Objective: This article with the purpose of investigation on some physicochemical properties of Khersan River has been accomplished. These parameters are including: Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, Dissolved Solids, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Total Phosphorus, Total Nitrogen, Electrical Conductivity, Chlorophyll a, Turbidity and finally analysis of statistical relations between this parameters were developed. Method: To perform the tests and determine the parameters we had 12 months sampling at 6 stations. Sampling methods and performing of examinations was in accordance with Standards method. Qualitative & quantitative variations were studied during a year and finally, data analysis through SPSS software and Pearson correlation coefficient test were performed. Findings: The highest temperature was in station No. 1 in July 32.5 º C and the lowest was in station No. 4 in February 9.2 º C, the most electrical conductivity is related to station No. 2 in August 672 µ mhos cm-1 and the lowest was in station No. 1 in March 262 µ mhos cm-1. Discussion and conclusion: According to Iranian DOE quality standard chart of state rivers' water, the range of changes in dissolved solids and dissolved oxygen in water is in optimum extent. But, Biochemical Oxygen Demand of water is in maximum permitted amount. There are meaningful relations in confidence extent of P<0.05 or P<0.01 between some studied parameters from statistical relations point of view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Modeling of Precipitation-Elevation Spatial Relationships in the Northeast of Iran by Using the GWR Model
Mokhtar Karami Elham KadkhodaBackground and Objective: Precipitation is one of the most variable climatic parameters. These changes occur both in terms of location and time in terms of the region's climate. This study was conducted to model the spatial relationships of seasonal rainfall in the nort MoreBackground and Objective: Precipitation is one of the most variable climatic parameters. These changes occur both in terms of location and time in terms of the region's climate. This study was conducted to model the spatial relationships of seasonal rainfall in the northeast of the country with a joint monthly statistical period of 30 years (1980-2010). Method: In order to achieve spatial variation of rainfall, new methods of spatial statistics such as spatial autocorrelation, global Moran, spatial dispersion index and geographic weight regression model (GWR) were used in GIS software. Findings: The results of this study showed that rainfall changes in northeastern Iran have a high cluster pattern or positive. The Global Moran Index for each of the four seasons and the annual sum is above 0.93, the highest Global Moran index with the value of 0032191 is for the summer season. Discussion & Conclusion: The results of the GWR model showed that rainfall in the northern parts of the study area had positive spatial auto-correlation and in the southern parts, which are mostly desert areas had negative spatial auto-correlation. Also, the results of dispersion data were the result of cluster pattern of precipitation in the northeast of the country. Based on the frequency index of clusters or the ICF, the winter season is the largest cluster with a numerical value of 2646.26 in Northeast of the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - The application of Dynamic Time Wrapping Algorithm and correlation coefficients in Time Sires Clustering for Index Tracking
farid tondnevis hasan hakimianIndex tracking -one of the most popular methods of passive portfolio management- tries to construct a portfolio with same return as a financial market index. This research investigates the application of a binary programming model in time series clustering for index tra MoreIndex tracking -one of the most popular methods of passive portfolio management- tries to construct a portfolio with same return as a financial market index. This research investigates the application of a binary programming model in time series clustering for index tracking. Various similarity measurements –Pearson, Kendall, Spearman, Erdem and Dynamic Time Wrapping based distance- have been applied in this research. Out of Sample test on Market Ratio and Tracking error of portfolios based on 50 more active companies index of Tehran Stock Exchange in second, third and fourth season of 1396 and first season of 1397 shows that all portfolios successfully replicate the performance of index and the tracking error of Pearson correlation based portfolio in lower than Others. Paired comparison test on Tracking Error of portfolios shows that tracking Error of Pearson Correlation based portfolio is significantly (99% confidence level) lower than other portfolios. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Measuring systemic risk and the effect of fundamental variables on it in the country's banking system
leila barati Mirfaiz Falah Shams Farhad Ghafari Alireza Heidarzadeh HanzaeiThe purpose of this article was to measure systemic risk and the impact of fundamental variables on it in the country's banking system. In this regard, information from the period of 2010-2019 was used. In the first part, systemic risk indicators were estimated, then th MoreThe purpose of this article was to measure systemic risk and the impact of fundamental variables on it in the country's banking system. In this regard, information from the period of 2010-2019 was used. In the first part, systemic risk indicators were estimated, then the impact of the fundamental variables of the country's banking system and financial stability was evaluated. In order to estimate the model, the final expected deficit method (MES) and panel data were used. The systemic risk index in this research is obtained from the calculation of the degree of leverage (debt size), market size and expected final deficit (MES) in order to finally be able to model the factors affecting it.In this research, first of all, different types of systemic risk assessment models have been evaluated according to the forecast error, and then, with the better selected model, the relationship between systemic risk and the important ratios of the country's banking system has been evaluated. The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between independent variables such as inflation rate, external debt, government debt, liquidity growth, non-current facility rate, debt ratio and the ratio of book value of equity to market value, and independent variables such as profitability There is a significant negative relationship between the total index of the stock exchange, the growth rate of GDP and return on assets with the systemic risk index among the country's banking system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - The Effect of Shockes of Selected Domestic and Foreign Markets on the Volatilities of Investment Return in Tehran Stock Exchange: DCC-FIAPARCH Model
Leila Argha Mohammad Mowlaei Abolfazl Shahabadi Mohsen KhezriOne of the features of a financial market, the stock market in particular, is its affectability from other financial and non-financial markets. regarding the importance of this issue, the present study aimed at investigating the dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) bet MoreOne of the features of a financial market, the stock market in particular, is its affectability from other financial and non-financial markets. regarding the importance of this issue, the present study aimed at investigating the dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) between the returns on the domestic and foreign assets in monthly data (oil, industry, exchange and base metals including total, copper, steel) and returns on the stock price index in Iran during March 2001 to April 2017 using the DCC-FIAPARCH approach. The obtained results indicated a statistically significant and positive DCC coefficient difference between the metals, industrial products, and copper returns with the stocks returns. Consequently, it is not possible to put each of these assets with the stocks in an identical situation (purchase or sale), but instead they should be always placed in opposite situations for the purpose of risk control. However, with regard to other assets, the DCC was not significant; accordingly, the assets can be placed in the investment portfolio together with the stocks although the presence of such assets in the given portfolio did not help to reduce the portfolio risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Modeling the default correlation risk in the financial network based on the reduced model
naser haghi seyfedin Rasoul ABDI nader rezaei yagob aghdam mazreaThe purpose of this study is to model the default risk correlation in the financial network based on the reduced model. In this study, we focus on the spread of default in the financial network and examine the effect of financial system heterogeneity on the stability of MoreThe purpose of this study is to model the default risk correlation in the financial network based on the reduced model. In this study, we focus on the spread of default in the financial network and examine the effect of financial system heterogeneity on the stability of the financial system, and finally, by implementing intervention policies, we offer suggestions to reduce risks and rebuild the network. This research is among the applied researches. The statistical sample of the studied information is 407 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period of 1393-1398. In order to test the relationship between variables and the significance of the model, regression analysis and MATLAB software was used for modeling. Research findings show that the companies that have the most contact with network members will have the greatest impact on network instability. The results showed that the increase in the dispersion of interdependencies of receivables and liabilities, to the depth of 5 relationships in companies, has a negative effect on the stability of the financial system and the high variance of positions and the degree of financial epidemic by increasing both epidemic range and probability Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Systemic risk assessment models: a better approach in Iranian financial institutions
majid noroozi Hamid Reza Kordlouei Reza gholamijamkarani hossein Jahangirniaریسک سیستمیک به خطر شکست سیستم مالی یا شکست کل بازار اطلاق میشود. این ریسک میتواند از بیثباتی یا بحران در مؤسسات مالی نشأت بگیرد و در اثر سرایت به کل نظام مالی انتقال یابد. بهعبارتی ریسک سیستمیک به میزان به همپیوستگی در یک سیستم مالی اشاره دارد جاییکه شکست در یک Moreریسک سیستمیک به خطر شکست سیستم مالی یا شکست کل بازار اطلاق میشود. این ریسک میتواند از بیثباتی یا بحران در مؤسسات مالی نشأت بگیرد و در اثر سرایت به کل نظام مالی انتقال یابد. بهعبارتی ریسک سیستمیک به میزان به همپیوستگی در یک سیستم مالی اشاره دارد جاییکه شکست در یک نهاد مالی میتواند به بحران کل سیستم منجر شود. این تحقیق با توجه به رویکردهای مختلف جهت اندازه‏گیری ریسک سیستمیک به دنبال انتخاب رویکرد بهتر برای اندازه‏گیری ریسک سیستمیک است. انتخاب رویکرد بهتر با توجه به خطای پیش‏بینی ارائه شده توسط هریک از مدل‏ها است. مدلهای به کار گرفته شده اعم از مدل‏های گارچی چند متغیره، مدل ارائه شده توسط برانلس و انگل به نام VCT، مدل‏های عاملی‏، مدل‏های آماری دومتغیره است. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‏دهد که مدل پیشنهادی برانلس و انگل (VCT) خطای کمتری را نسبت به سایر مدل‏ها از خود نشان داده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Investigation of the variable of the illiquidity risk and the effect it’s on the excess of stock return in the stock market
Hosein Mohammadpour Zarandi S.M. Tabatabaei MozdabadiThe current research was carried out to investigate the relationship between risk and return based on the investors’ views. The research, in addition to a thorough investigation of the variable of the illiquidity risk, investigates the effect whereof on the excess MoreThe current research was carried out to investigate the relationship between risk and return based on the investors’ views. The research, in addition to a thorough investigation of the variable of the illiquidity risk, investigates the effect whereof on the excess of stock return. The research utilized the variables IMV, HML, and SMB for measuring purposes and a portfolio method to reduce the correlational effects of the variables. This longitudinal study completed over a 7-year time span and the analysis of the results stood witness to the significantly positive relationship between the ratio of illiquidity and the excess of stock return. Moreover, the research utilized a mathematical model to investigate the degree of such significance. The research concluded with the analysis of the results of the investigation into the companies’ stocks over the very time span of 7 years (1999-2005). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - The Effect of Portfolio Diversification on Value at Risk in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE)
Ali Rostami Narges NikniaThe concept of risk always attracted investors.Diversification is one of strategies that investors used it to against the risk. This research explores the risk associated with the stocks prices in the twenty-two companies that are listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) & MoreThe concept of risk always attracted investors.Diversification is one of strategies that investors used it to against the risk. This research explores the risk associated with the stocks prices in the twenty-two companies that are listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) as well as portflio of investment that are constructed from these twenty-two companies employed. In addition to national studies, the importance of international diversification by constructing a portfolio of investment from stock price indexes of emeging and developed countries would be examined.Correlation between stocks in national diversification porfolios shows the relationship between various domestic equities in investment portfolios, as well as correlation between indices, displays relationship between stock price indexes in international investment porfolio. Value at risk (VaR) is undertaken for studying the benefits associated with domestic as well as international diversification. The results show that domestic diversification reduces risk and more significient result is that international diversification significiently reduces the risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Correlation Analysis of Stock Exchange Index, Oil price, Exchange Rate and Gold price: A Wavelet Decomposition Method
Nima Pazoki Akram Hamidian Shapour Mohammadi Vahid MahmoudiOne of the important issues in the financial markets topic is the relation between the prices of valuable commodities like oil and gold and the various exchange rates. Wavelets are mathematical functions for analyzing the time series into their components in various tim MoreOne of the important issues in the financial markets topic is the relation between the prices of valuable commodities like oil and gold and the various exchange rates. Wavelets are mathematical functions for analyzing the time series into their components in various time scales. In this paper firstly the time series of oil price, various exchange rate & gold price are analysis to their components in various time scales by wavelet transform and then the correlation between these components are studied. The results showed that the correlation between these variants are different in the various time scales and also is different from the direct correlation of them. In the case that the direct correlation between the variants is not meaningful we can get valuable correlation in various time scales. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Survey the Effects of Micro Finance Credits Fund on the Rural Women’s Managerial Empowerment (Case Study: Alamout Region)
Mohammad Mahdi Mozaffari Mohammad Sadegh ZiaeeThe main objective of this study was to survey the effects of micro finance credits fund on the rural women’s managerial empowerment in the Alamout region. The present study in terms of purpose is applied and in terms of data analysis is descriptive- correlational MoreThe main objective of this study was to survey the effects of micro finance credits fund on the rural women’s managerial empowerment in the Alamout region. The present study in terms of purpose is applied and in terms of data analysis is descriptive- correlational. The statistical population consists of rural women member of micro finance credits fund in the Alamout region (83 members) that 68 members of them were selected as the sample size using simple random sampling method and Cochran formula. Questionnaire validity using panel of experts and its reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient were determined. This coefficient for questionnaire was estimated 0.82 which shows its reliability. In order to study causal relationships between affecting variables on rural women’s managerial empowerment members of micro finance credits fund from Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients and Kruskal- Wallis, Mann- Whitney and Multiple Regression tests were used.The results of Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there is a significant difference in the level of one percent between respondents’ perspective than cognition of the village situation, entrepreneurial spirit and the financial independence, the spirit of self-esteem and self-confidence and promoting of new jobs with rural women’s managerial empowerment in Alamout region. The results of Mann-Whitney test showed that head of household or not influence on rural women’s managerial empowerment in the Alamout region. The results of multiple regression analysis also showed that the significant variables in this study about 57 percent of the dependent variable changes "rural women’s managerial empowerment through micro financial credit in Alamout region" to explain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - The Impact of Crude Oil Price Returns on the Stock Index Returns A Case study: Tehran Stock Exchange & Istanbul Stock Exchange
ebrahim abbasi samira asadianThis study aims to investigate the relationship between crude oil price returns and stock market index returns of an exporter (Iran) and an importer (Turkey). Using daily data of West Texas Intermediate (WTI), Brent crude oil spot prices, and one-four month futures pric MoreThis study aims to investigate the relationship between crude oil price returns and stock market index returns of an exporter (Iran) and an importer (Turkey). Using daily data of West Texas Intermediate (WTI), Brent crude oil spot prices, and one-four month futures prices for the WTI; Tehran Stock Exchange Price Index (TEPIX), Tehran Stock Exchange Dividend and Price Index (TEDPIX), the Dividend and Price Index for the Istanbul Stock Exchange gathered during the period of 2000-2010; the relationship is analyzed by two models of the Constant Conditional Correlation (CCC) and the Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC). The findings reveal that the DCC is predominant over the CCC for Turkey, which means there is a non-constant conditional correlation. In contrast, the findings show the predominance of CCC for Iran. Among the spot markets, stock market volatility is better defined by the Brent than the WTI. For futures markets of the WTI, a better relationship with longer maturity confirms the financial markets as being long-term. Finally, no evidence is found for one- or bi-directional volatility spillovers (interdependencies) between the markets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Variance analysis of control variate technique and applications in Asian option pricing
B. Fathi ‎Vajargah‎ A. Salimipour‎ S. Salahshour‎ -
Open Access Article
45 - Comparison Between Different Methods of Feature Extraction in BCI Systems Based on SSVEP
S. ‎Sheykhivand‎ T. ‎Yousefi ‎R‎ezaii‎ A. ‎Naderi Saatlo‎ N. ‎Romooz‎ -
Open Access Article
46 - Investigating the effect of agricultural use on nitrate concentration in underground water sources using mathematical modeling based on regression equations (case study: Ray Plain)
Pegah mohammadpour Reza Arjmandi Amirhessam Hassani Jamal GhodusiBackground and Objective: Relationship between agricultural use area and fertilizer consumed with changes in groundwater nitrate concentrations is one of the direct methods of agricultural use on nitrate concentration and groundwater inflammation in each region that can MoreBackground and Objective: Relationship between agricultural use area and fertilizer consumed with changes in groundwater nitrate concentrations is one of the direct methods of agricultural use on nitrate concentration and groundwater inflammation in each region that can manage managers in proper management. Help ground water resources. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between changes in agricultural and chemical area of consumed on the increase in nitrate concentrations in groundwater sources in Ray plain. Research method: In this study, Landsat 5 and 8 satellite images for the years 2008, 2011, 2014, 2017 and 2020 were used to monitor land use changes. After processing the images, the area of agricultural land was calculated. According to the statistics obtained from the amount of chemical fertilizer consumed and the qualitative laboratory results of nitrate concentration changes, the effects of these factors on each other and the mathematical relationships between the variables were tested with the Pearson correlation and linear regression method. Findings: The results show that during the investigated period, agricultural land has increased and barren land has decreased. The consumption of chemical fertilizers has also increased. The level of nitrate concentration of underground water sources shows that during the period under review, the concentration of nitrate in underground water wells has increased. The analysis of the correlation coefficient also showed that at the error level of 1% (99% confidence level) there is a significant relationship between the concentration of nitrates in underground water with the area of agricultural land and the amount of fertilizer used. This means that as the area of agricultural use and the amount of chemical fertilizers increase, the concentration of nitrates in underground water resources also increases. In the presented regression model, the accepted square value (R2) is equal to 0.993 and it indicates a relatively strong relationship between the dependent variable (water nitrate concentration in underground water sources) and the independent variables (agricultural area and the amount of chemical fertilizer used). Discussion and Conclusion: The results indicate that with the increase in the area of agricultural land, the consumption of chemical fertilizers has increased in the research area, and due to the nitrate leaching process from the soil surface, the nitrate concentration in underground water sources has increased, which is one of the important reasons for the increase in nitrate concentration in the study wells. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - The Study of the correlation between air quality index pollution and meteorological parameters in Tehran with regression analysis approach
Setareh Javanbakht amiri Seyed Hadi KhatamiAn overwhelming problem of modern life in large and industrial cities can be considered as air pollution. In order to reduce the air pollution harmful consequences, it necessitates finding out crucial air pollution parameters and their lateral effects. In this study, m MoreAn overwhelming problem of modern life in large and industrial cities can be considered as air pollution. In order to reduce the air pollution harmful consequences, it necessitates finding out crucial air pollution parameters and their lateral effects. In this study, meteorological and air pollution data in Tehran were investigated; afterwards the changes in annual mean and correlation of these parameters and their linear model environmental pollutants were determined based on the meteorological parameters. Meteorological parameters, the important parameters in specifying the air pollution, have been scrutinized in this study. Tehran Air Quality Index pollutants variables (NO2, SO2, O3, CO, PM-10) and meteorological elements can be named as if temperature, relative humidity and wind speed. Meteorological and pollutant data were obtained from, synoptic and department of environment study stations. There of the average annual change of these parameters, correlation and linear model of environmental pollutants based on meteorological parameters has been acquired via statistical software. The results, estimated from 60 equations, illustrated that only through 40 equations the relations between pollutants and meteorological parameters was observed in which the differences in number of sample, type of relation and degree of correlation existed. The best equation with more than 49% coefficient of determination for ozone versus temperature was recognized in Azadi station. This correlation for SO2 versus wind speed with more than 24.9% coefficient of determination was calculated in Vila station. Pardisan station for SO2 versus temperature with more than 32.3% coefficient of determination and Tajrish station for ozone versus temperature coefficient of determination of more than 22.4% were selected as the most outstanding equations. With regard to the fact of the significance of the relation between pollutants and meteorological parameters, it perceived that weather parameters can be effective on the air pollution levels in Tehran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Identification of effective traits on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) root yield under rhizoctonia natural infection condition
حیدر عزیزیIn order to identify the effective traits on root yield and also determine the cause and effect of the relationship between them, 20 different sugar beet cultivars in a RCB design with four replications for 11 important quantitative and qualitative traits including root MoreIn order to identify the effective traits on root yield and also determine the cause and effect of the relationship between them, 20 different sugar beet cultivars in a RCB design with four replications for 11 important quantitative and qualitative traits including root yield, sugar yield, sugar content, white sugar content, extraction coefficient of sugar, a-amino nitrogen, sodium, potassium, alkalinity and molasses sugar were evaluated. The results of analysis of variance showed that the difference between studied cultivars for amino nitrogen (a-N) all traits were significant at the 0.05 probability level and for other traits was important at the 0.01 probability level. Phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation for most traits were high, indicating relatively high variability in studied cultivars for evaluated traits. Correlation coefficients between traits showed that there was the most negative and significant correlation between root yield trait with sugar content (-0.62), whit sugar content (-0.53), alkalinity coefficient (-0.52), potassium (-049), sodium (-0.45) and also molasses sugar content (-049) traits, and the most positive and significant correlation with sugar yield (0.95) and extraction coefficient of sugar (0.58) traits, respectively. In multiple regression analysis by stepwise method, sugar content, amino nitrogen and alkalinity coefficient traits were entered into model, respectively, that explained 82 percent of root yield variations. Based on path analysis results, amino nitrogen (0.35) and white sugar content (-0.31) traits had the most and positive direct effect with root yield and thus , selection based on the mentioned traits can help us achieve high-yielding genotypes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Characterization and Evaluation of Light Hydrocarbon in Northwestern Iranian Crude Oil by Detailed Hydrocarbon Analysis (D.H.A)Gas Chromatography
E. Keshmirizadeh M. Memariani S. Shobeirian -
Open Access Article
50 - use Pearson’s Linear Correlation and the combination of Data Mining Algorithms simultaneously to improve prognosis of a kind of tumor in cancer patients
mohsen gholami Seyed Javad MirabediniNowadays, breast cancer is the most common cancer disease among women. Statistics shows a six percent increase in Iran which indicates it as a serious danger. However, its danger can be prevented increasingly by early diagnosis or prediction. By medical science progress MoreNowadays, breast cancer is the most common cancer disease among women. Statistics shows a six percent increase in Iran which indicates it as a serious danger. However, its danger can be prevented increasingly by early diagnosis or prediction. By medical science progress, the way for developing of a system with the capability of prevention, prognosis and cure by using the new technologies is paved. Medical data mining tries to design a model and find relationships among risky factors to predict the condition of future patients with the aid of current data. We try to compare different data mining algorithms and combination of these algorithms to develop a new, efficient method with high accuracy and capability to perform on local data. Finally, proposed method which improves efficiency of Naive Bayes with Adaboost algorithm can predict the kind of benign or malign tumor with the 96/67% accuracies. Required data for this procedure is extracted from UCI site to diagnose the kind of tumor with 569 records and 32 variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Determination of Local Constitutive Properties of Aluminum using Digital Image Correlation: A Comparative Study Between Uniform Stress and Virtual Fields
Ali Shahmirzaloo Mohammadreza Farahani -
Open Access Article
52 - Quantification of β-carotene, aucubin content, their associations and contribution to other economic traits in Plantago germplasm
Sougata Sarkar Raj Kishori Lal Ram Kishor Verma -
Open Access Article
53 - Genetic variability, D2 analysis and characters association among quantitative and qualitative traits of spearmint (Mentha spicata L.)
K. T. Venkatesha Ved Ram Singh Rajendra Padalia Ram Verma Rakesh Upadyay Rakesh Kumar Amit Chauhan -
Open Access Article
54 - Genetic variability and character association among morpho-metric traits and essential oil constituents in eight half-sib seed progenies of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.)
Priyanka Prasad Ram Kishor Akancha Gupta Vidhi Saxena Sameen Zaidi Himanshu Kushwaha Vagmi Singh Ram Swaroop Verma B. Kumar -
Open Access Article
55 - Inheritance pattern and association study of agronomical traits in 47 elite accessions/genotypes of Opium poppy ( Papaver somniferum L.)
Rashmi Lahiri - Jyotshana A.K. Verma Karuna Shanker Raj Kishori Lal -
Open Access Article
56 - Studying changes in heat islands and land uses of the Minab city using the random forest classification approach and spatial autocorrelation analysis
Mohamad Kazemi Ali Reza Nafarzadegan Fariborz MohammadiThe purpose of this study was to assess the impact of the land use changes in the Minab city on the variations in the urban heat islands (UHI), using the random forest classification method and spatial statistics on TM and OLI Landsat images in 1988, 1998, 2008 and 2018 MoreThe purpose of this study was to assess the impact of the land use changes in the Minab city on the variations in the urban heat islands (UHI), using the random forest classification method and spatial statistics on TM and OLI Landsat images in 1988, 1998, 2008 and 2018. First, land surface temperature (LST) was calculated using the split-window and the single-channel algorithms. Land use map was generated using supervised classification random forest method and its performance was assessed by two criteria of overall accuracy and kappa coefficient. In order to survey spatial autocorrelation and clustering, pattern of hot spots, the two statistics of Anselin Local Moran's I and Getis-Ord GI were applied. In 1988, land uses of vegetated, barren, and urban built-up lands were occupied 30.1, 32.53 and 37.37 percent of the city area, respectively; in 2018, the areas of these land uses were 16.36, 9.56 and 74.08 percents, respectively. A threefold and twice-fold decrease in the area was observed for barren and vegetated lands, respectively; while the area of urban built-up lands had more than doubled. The calculated values for urban-heat-island ratio index (URI) in 1988, 1998, 2008, and 2018 were 0.45, 0.34, 0.11, and 0.22, respectively. The outcomes of two considered spatial statistics indicated the clustering, pattern for UHI of the Minab city. In addition, there was a good agreement between the results of Getis-Ord GI statistic (hotspots spatial analysis) and the Local Moran's I statistic (spatial autocorrelation) on the spatial pattern of heat and cool clusters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Study the landuse change and its effects on the hydrologic regime in main catchments of Binalood county
Sayyad Asghari Saraskanrood Fahimeh Pourfarrash ZadehBackground and Objective Land use/cover changes have been considered to be one of the most important parts of global environmental changes. These changes are complex and dynamic in relation to other environmental changes (global warming, drought, erosion, and ecosystem MoreBackground and Objective Land use/cover changes have been considered to be one of the most important parts of global environmental changes. These changes are complex and dynamic in relation to other environmental changes (global warming, drought, erosion, and ecosystem degradation). In this context, the impacts of land use/cover changes on hydrologic processes are one of the most important environmental issues and challenges, so the extent of dependency on agriculture and other water-related activities on streams has become a major concern in watershed management. So, Assessing long-term hydrological impacts of land use/land cover (LULC) change is of critical importance for land use planning and water resource management. For example, Increased runoff due to the conversion of forests to other land covers, especially agriculture, as well as increased runoff and flood discharge resulting from the expansion of urban and residential use has been repeatedly reported by various researchers. The present study was aimed at identifying and determining the quantity and quality of land use changes and their relationship with flow discharge changes in catchments of Binalud county in order to guide water resources management and conservation of natural resources at the catchment scale, considering the evidence of land use changes as well as the hydrological regime variations in the catchments.Materials and Methods The data used in this study were as follows: the average monthly discharge of hydrometric stations, including 3 stations of ZirbandGolestan, Hesar, and SarasyabShandiz that were collected during 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2018, and the Landsat satellite images, including 4 satellite images for the years 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020, acquired in the spring (May). The monthly discharge values of two seasons, winter and spring, were selected to study hydrological regime changes, considering the low and close to zero values of the average monthly discharge during summer and autumn and very small variance in the relevant values. The data were tested for normality at the significance level of 0.05 before entering the correlation test based on the Smirnov-Kolmograph method. In regard to satellite images, the processing steps were as follows: firstly, the atmospheric correction of the images was performed based on the conventional FLAASH method in the ENVI software environment. Then, the combination of visible green, red, and near-infrared bands in false color (4-3-2 in Landsat 5 and 7; 5-4-3 in Landsat 8) was used for classification based on the maximum likelihood algorithm. The land use classes were as follows: 1-garden, 2-residential, 3-water area, 4-rock outcrop, 5-moderate range, 6-poor range, and 7-barren land. The selection of training samples for classification was based on Google Earth images, visual interpretation of satellite images, and of course familiarity with the study area. After classification, the maps were validated based on general accuracy statistics and the Kappa coefficient. However, in order to know the relationship between land use changes and the hydrological regime of the catchments, Pearson two-way correlation test was used in the SPSS software environment. This test was performed at a significance level of 0.05 and between the percentages of the area of each land use and the monthly discharge values (6 months) of hydrometric stations during 4 year.Results and Discussion Preliminary results showed good accuracy of the classification method of the images so that kappa coefficients ranged from 0.78 to 0.95. According to the maps, it is characterized that most area of the catchments belongs to rangelands and barren lands so the changes and conversions of land use occurred mainly between these two land uses. The minimum area percentage of the catchments belonged to the water areas, which at its highest proportion occupied 0.16% and 0.1% of the area of ZirbandGolestan and SarasyabShandiz catchments, respectively. Reagards to land use changes, a decrease in rangelands and the increase of barren lands during the first (1990-2000) and the third (2010-2020) decades have been very considerable, so that 38% and 13% of the moderate rangelands of the Zirband catchment have decreased during the two decades, respectively. In contrast, barren lands have grown by 31% and 15 % over the two decades. Along with these changes, the 8% increase in the area of settlements has been proposed as the most prominent land use change during the second decade (2000-2010) in the catchments. In addition to land use changes, a review of the monthly discharge variations in the catchments showed that the winter months have been experiencing a decreasing trend and, in contrast, the spring months have been experiencing an increasing trend of discharge over the last two decades. The results of the correlation test showed that there are significant relationships between changes in areas of rock outcrop, moderate range, poor range, and discharge variations in the Zirband catchment. In contrast, no significant relationships were found between land uses and monthly discharges in the Sarasyab catchment. In regard to the quality of relationships, positive correlation between the areas of 3 land uses, including residential, rock outcrop, and barren land, and discharges in April and May, and in contrast, a negative correlation between rangeland areas and discharge of the mentioned months was another important result of the study. In general, the increase in human encroachment and occupation in the form of residential and barren land uses has increased the risks of the occurrence of flooding runoff. On the contrary, the rangeland expansion with its protective and moderating effect has reduced the occurrence of spring floods in the studied catchments.Conclusion The results indicate that an important focus of land use change in the catchments has been on rangeland and barren land, so in the last decades, the area of rangelands, which play an effective role in protecting water and soil resources, has been much larger than today. However, due to the lack of protection of pastures and human encroachment on the environment, as well as overgrazing of livestock, the rangelands have gradually retreated to the upstream areas and were replaced by barren lands and residential areas. The existence of a positive correlation between the areas of the residential, rock outcrop, and barren land and discharges in April and May is indicative of acceleration and intensification of the rainfall-runoff process due to the increase in the areas of the land uses. Therefore, the irregular and sprawling growth and expansion of residential areas, as well as barren and abandoned lands, must be prevented. On the other hand, the negative correlation between the percentage area of rangeland and monthly discharge refers to the positive effect of rangelands on the environmental conditions of the catchments in the context of accelerated runoff and erosion processes, which ultimately requires the protection and preservation of natural areas. In general, more attention and focus on the effects of land use change on discharge variations in wet seasons due to the semi-arid climate of the region is necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Investigation of land subsidence development trend of Mashhad-Chenaran plain using Sentinel-1A radar images and its relationship with groundwater depletion
javad Dowlati Gholamreaza Lashkaripour naser hafezi moghaddas yaser maghsoudiExtensive exploitation of groundwater resources in the Mashhad-Chenaran aquifer in the last 50 years (1970-2021) has led to a sharp decline in groundwater levels. Negative effects of subsidence due to the severe development of groundwater resources have occurred in some MoreExtensive exploitation of groundwater resources in the Mashhad-Chenaran aquifer in the last 50 years (1970-2021) has led to a sharp decline in groundwater levels. Negative effects of subsidence due to the severe development of groundwater resources have occurred in some parts of the plain since the late 1980s and in recent years has covered the entire plain. In this study, subsidence of the entire Mashhad-Chenaran plain has been investigated using Sentinel-1A radar image data between 2014 and 2020 using Small Baseline Subset(SBAS) Interfergrametry method. Examination of subsidence maps shows that there are three subsidence areas including area 1 in the southeast of Mashhad, area 2 in the northwest of Mashhad and area 3 in the northwest of the plain. The maximum annual sitting rate in the two subsidence zones is equal to 19 cm per year and in the two subsidence zones 1 and 3 are 8.9 and 12.1 cm per year, respectively. The results of the time series rate estimated using radar image processing at the location of Golmakan GPS stations and Toos power plant with the actual measured values show the high compliance of these two time series. Adaptation of 30-year groundwater level drop curves and subsidence map shows that the triple subsidence zones correspond to areas with groundwater level drop of more than 30 meters. Also, to investigate the relationship between subsidence and groundwater level drop, correlation coefficients and determination coefficients for each well have been calculated using groundwater level and subsidence data at the location of selected observation wells. Based on the obtained correlation coefficients, the selected wells are divided into two groups with a correlation coefficient of more than 0.8 (75% of wells) and between 0.46 and 0.008, which indicates a good correlation between subsidence rate and groundwater level drop in the most observation wells. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - The relationship between cadmium levels inmuscleand body weightOf farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) inTonekabonsDohezar River
Mohammad Reza Ghomi Seyyed Mohsen HosseiniInroduction and Objective:This study aimed to assess the heavy metal cadmium in muscle tissue of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchusmykiss)in Tonekabon'sDohezarRiver and its main purpose was to examine the correlation between weights cadmium.Material and Methods:In this study,tw MoreInroduction and Objective:This study aimed to assess the heavy metal cadmium in muscle tissue of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchusmykiss)in Tonekabon'sDohezarRiver and its main purpose was to examine the correlation between weights cadmium.Material and Methods:In this study,twenty two rainbow trout (from 25 to 584 g) were caught and after tissue digestion, the cadmium amount was measured using the voltammetry method.Results:Based on the results, the average concentration of cadmium in muscle tissue of farmed rainbow trout in Tonekabon'sDohezar River was 1.01 microgram per gram, which shows higher rate than the standard accepted by the World Health Organization (WHO) (0.2 micrograms per gram). Also, byelevating in body weight of fish, cadmium levels are significantly (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Construction of Porous Multiscale Heterogeneous Microstructures using Statistical Correlation Functions and Minimal Surfaces
A Hasanabadi -
Open Access Article
61 - The Effect of JCPOA on the Network Behavior Analysis of Tehran Stock Exchange Indexes
Salman Abbasian-Naghneh Reza Tehrani Mohammad Tamimi -
Open Access Article
62 - Comparison of profitability of speculation in the foreign exchange market and investment in Tehran Stock Exchange during Iran's currency crisis using conditional Sharpe ratio
Mohsen Mehrara Saeid Tajdini -
Open Access Article
63 - Effect of Peer Performance, Future Competitive Performance, and Factors of Correlation with Peer Companies on Manipulation of Abnormal Real Operations
Amin Rahmani Majid Zanjirdar Hamidreza Ghiabi -
Open Access Article
64 - Prediction of octanol – water partition coefficient of quinoline alkaloid insecticides using Molecular Descriptors and MLR Method
F. shafie Shahaboddin Mohebbi Tahereh Momeni Isfahani Mehdi Ahmadi SabeghQuinoline alkaloids and their derivatives have wide medical and agricultural applications. In this research, a quantitative structure- property relationship (QSPR) has been employed to predict the octanol-water partition coefficient (logP) of 76 quinoline alkaloid campt MoreQuinoline alkaloids and their derivatives have wide medical and agricultural applications. In this research, a quantitative structure- property relationship (QSPR) has been employed to predict the octanol-water partition coefficient (logP) of 76 quinoline alkaloid camptothecin (CPT) derivatives as antitumor potencies using GA-MLR method and molecular descriptors. The Gauss View 05 software was used for drawing chemical structure of the studied compounds. The geometry optimizations of the studied compounds were done by the Gaussian 09W software at B3YLP density functional theory (DFT) with 6-311G (d,p) basis set. Molecular descriptors for each of optimized structures were calculated by Dragon software in different category. In order to reduce and select the best descriptors, the Genetic Algorithm technique and stepwise multiple linear regression method was used. The pearson coefficient correlation (PCC) and the variance inflation factor (VIF) statistics were used to test the multicollinearity of descriptors in the best model. The different types of internal and external validations were used to evaluate predictive model performance. The best QSPR model is obtained with R2 value of 0.901, Q2LOO =0.919, and RMSE=0.706. The results of statistical parameters and validations of the GA-MLR model generated were found to be satisfactory. The model revealed that octanol-water partition coefficient of CPT derivatives is influence by ATS8e (2D-autocorrelation) descriptor. This information could be used to design novel quinoline alkaloid camptothecin (CPT) derivatives as insecticide agents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Multivariate geostatistical analysis: an application to ore body evaluation
Mohammad Maleki Nasser MadaniIt is now a common practice in the mining industry to deal with several correlated exploratory attributes, which need to be jointly simulated to reproduce their correlations and assess the multivariate grade risk. Approaches to multivariate simulation, which remove the MoreIt is now a common practice in the mining industry to deal with several correlated exploratory attributes, which need to be jointly simulated to reproduce their correlations and assess the multivariate grade risk. Approaches to multivariate simulation, which remove the correlation between attributes of interest prior to simulation and re-imposing of the relationship afterward, have been gaining popularity over the more common joint simulation methodologies. This is due to their better accuracy and computational efficiency as the number of attributes for simulation increases. Principal component analysis (PCA) is one of these approaches. However, PCA suffers from some drawbacks such as the factors that are uncorrelated just for collocated locations. Minimum/maximum autocorrelation factors (MAF) is a modification of the PCA method where the factors are uncorrelated for two lags. As an expectation, when the linear co-regionalization model contains only two nested structures, the factors do not have any spatial correlations. The main aim of this research is to compare the results of the MAF approach with some traditional approaches for multivariate simulation (co-simulation and independent simulation approaches). To this end, two variables have been simulated with three different methods and are then compared based on some yardsticks such as the ability to reproduce the original correlation coefficient between two variables. The results showed that MAF has the capability to reproduce the intrinsic correlation between the variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Biostratigraphic Correlation of Elikah Formation in Zal Section (Northwestern Iran) with Ruteh and Type Sections in Alborz Mountains Based on Conodonts
Nazanin BadriKolalo Bahaeddin Hamidi Seyed Hamid Vaziri Seyed Ali AghanabatiConodonts are the most important fossil remains from the largest Phanerozoic extinction as well as the mass extinction of the late Paleozoic and could be used for exact dating during this period. Triassic deposits located in the Elikah Formation contain exposures in mos MoreConodonts are the most important fossil remains from the largest Phanerozoic extinction as well as the mass extinction of the late Paleozoic and could be used for exact dating during this period. Triassic deposits located in the Elikah Formation contain exposures in most of the Alborz sections as well as the Zal section in northwestern Iran. In this study, the Elikah Formation was investigated from a biostratigraphy point of view in the type section and Ruteh section of the Alborz Mountains and Zal section in the Jolfa region based on the existing conodonts. Biostratigraphy study of more than 300 samples taken from these three sections, resulted in the identification and introduction of the following conodont biozones: Taxone Range Zone Hindeodus parvus and Pachycladina symmetrica – Pachycladina Oblique Assemblage Zone in the type section, Hindeodus parvus Taxon Range Zone, Hadrodontina –Pachycladina Assemblage Zone and Parachirognathus – Furnishius Assemblage Zone in the Ruteh section and finally Hindeodus parvus Taxon Range Zone, Isracicella staeschei Taxon Range Zone and Arachirognathus – Furnishius Assemblage Zone in the Zal section. These biozones indicate that the Elikah Formation, in the three previously defined sections, is Early Triassic (Griesbachian). Additionally, comparison of the biozones in these sections illustrates a biostratigraphic correlation of Early Triassic deposits in the Zal, Ruteh and type sections. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Investigation of Morphological- Agronomic Diversity in Some of Tomato Cultivars in Khash Region
Mansoor Saljooghianpour Mohammad RasouliTomatoes have many varieties that differ in traits of plant growth, quality and shape of the fruit and other traits. In order to investigate the morphological variation of some tomato cultivars in Khash region, an experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block MoreTomatoes have many varieties that differ in traits of plant growth, quality and shape of the fruit and other traits. In order to investigate the morphological variation of some tomato cultivars in Khash region, an experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications and ten cultivars including Orabana, Red Claude, Red Top, Red Jerez, Western Red, Sunsild, Rio Grande, Delba F1, Tivi F1 and blankets Pride. At the end of the experiment traits such as number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, fruit diameter, final yield, biomass, harvest index, fruit juice volume, fruit dry weight, total soluble solids, acidity and vitamin C were evaluated as agronomic traits. Were affected. At the end of the experiment, after multiple analyzes, it was found that Tivi F1 and Delba F1 hybrids and Orabana had the highest yield and were suitable for cultivation in Khash region. Also, cluster analysis showed that among the 10 varieties of 3 varieties in group A, 5 varieties in group B and 2 in group C were placed. This grouping showed that genetic diversity followed a significant pattern, because cultivars with better and more closely related conditions under conditions were similar in the same groups. Based on stepwise regression results, the number of fruits per plant justified 63.09% of the fruit yield per plant changes. After fruit number per plant, average fruit weight and number of days to flowering had the greatest effect on fruit yield per plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - The effect of examining the correlation of traits and decomposition into main components, cycocel and micronutrients, on the model of stress indicators, physiological traits, oxidant enzymes, yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays cv. Sc 704) u
Seyed nouradin Ghaffari khalaf Mohammadi Alireza Shokufar Mani Mojaddam Shahram Lak aziz afarineshThis study was carried out in the two crop years of 2016 and 2017 at Safi Abad Research Center. The experiment was conducted as a factorial split plot in the form of a randomized complete block design with four replications. The main factor of the experiment was to cut MoreThis study was carried out in the two crop years of 2016 and 2017 at Safi Abad Research Center. The experiment was conducted as a factorial split plot in the form of a randomized complete block design with four replications. The main factor of the experiment was to cut off irrigation at three levels (control), cut off irrigation at the stage Silking and cut off irrigation at the stage Blister and the secondary factor wascycocel zero, 442.5 and 885 mg/l Micronutrients were zero, 1000 and 1500 gr/ha and control. The correlation results of the assessed traits with each other were determined, seed yield with plant height, number of seeds per cob, thousand seed weight had a significant positive correlation with hydrogen peroxidase, malondialdehyde, electrolyte leakage rate, catalase activity, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and proline in leaves showed a significant negative correlation, the highest positive correlation was related to the number of seeds in the cob (0.893) and the highest negative correlation was from electrolyte leakage (-0.945) and hydrogen peroxide. (-0.854) was observed. The placement process of different amounts of micronutrients and cycocel was determined; So that different levels of micronutrients tend to be more towards the center; And consumption of 1000 gr/ha tends to zone III and the zone where yield and yield components are located. In general, it was found that foliar spraying with concentrations of 1500 gr/ha of micronutrients and 885 mg/l of cycocel by reducing the negative effects of stress, could be suitable treatments to increase tolerance toin corn stress at the end of the season. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Evaluation Effectiveness of Chemical and Biological Fertilizers Combination on Corn (Zea mays L.) Yield
Nastaran Ajami -
Open Access Article
70 - Leaf Chlorophyll Changes and Morphological Features of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) Cultivars by P-Zn Ratios in Greenhouse Condition
Anise Jorfi Mojtaba Alavifazel Abdolali Gilani Mohammad Reza Ardakani -
Open Access Article
71 - Multivariate Statistical Analysis to Yield of Canola under Drought Stress and Spraying of Gibberellin and Salicylic Acid
Abbas Maleki Amin Fathi -
Open Access Article
72 - Yield and Nitrogen Fertilizer Efficiency Analyzes in Different Planting Dates of Canola (Brassica napus L.) under Warm and Dry Climate Condition
Abdolamir Rahnama Alireza Jafarnejadi Mohammad Khayat -
Open Access Article
73 - Study Effect of Supplemental Nutrition on Yield, Yield Components and Grain Protein Content of Wheat Cultivars under Drain Water Irrigation
Sardar Pasha Mojtaba Alavifazel Alireza Jafarnejadi Shahram Lack Mani Mojaddam -
Open Access Article
74 - Investigation Germination Characteristics of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Chamran) in Response to Seed Aging
Razieh Danaiee Far Mehran Sharafizade -
Open Access Article
75 - ارزیابی مدلهای سری زمانی SARIMAدر برآورد جریان ماهانه در ایستگاه هیدرومتری ایدنک
عباس احمدپور حسین فتحیان جبرائیل قربانیاندبی جریان آبراههها ازجمله مهمترین داده هیدرولوژیکی هستند و به عنوان اطلاعات پایه در بسیاری از فعالیتهای مرتبط با منابع آب در نقاط مختلف جهان استفاده میشوند. یکی از ابزارهای مهم در مدلسازی فرآیندهای هیدرولوژیکی استفاده از مدلهای سری زمانی است. جریان آبراهه برآوردشده Moreدبی جریان آبراههها ازجمله مهمترین داده هیدرولوژیکی هستند و به عنوان اطلاعات پایه در بسیاری از فعالیتهای مرتبط با منابع آب در نقاط مختلف جهان استفاده میشوند. یکی از ابزارهای مهم در مدلسازی فرآیندهای هیدرولوژیکی استفاده از مدلهای سری زمانی است. جریان آبراهه برآوردشده با استفاده از مدلهای سری زمانی در مطالعات مختلفی نظیر خشکسالی، سیلاب، طراحی سیستم های مخازن و مدیریت منابع آب قابل استفاده میباشد. این امر بخصوص در مناطق خشک اهمیت بیشتری دارد. در این مقاله به ارزیابی دقت مدلهای سری زمانی SARIMA در برآورد جریان ماهانه در ایستگاه هیدرومتری ایدنک پرداخته میشود. برای این منظور از دادههای دبی جریان ماهانه این ایستگاه به مدت 30 سال، طی سالهای (1390-1361) استفاده شده است. برای صحتسنجی مدلهای سری زمانی SARIMA برازش یافته، از مقادیر آماره آزمون پورت مانتو، و باقیماندهای توابع خودهمبستگی و خودهمبستگی جزیی استفاده شد و برای انتخاب بهترین مدل SARIMA، از معیار اکائیکه اصلاحشده (AIK) و معیار بیزین شوارتز ((SBC بهره گرفتهشد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان میدهد که از بین مدلهای مناسب برازش یافته بر دبی جریان ماهانه در ایستگاه هیدرومتری ایدنک،مدلهای SARIMA(1,0,1)*(2,0,2)12،SARIMA(2,0,2)*(2,0,2)12 و SARIMA(1,0,2)*(2,0,2)12 به ترتیب در اولویت اول، دوم و سوم از لحاظ دقت در برآورد دبی جریان برخوردار می باشند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - کاربرد تابع انتقال در مدل سازی بارش- تراز آب زیرزمینی در استان گلستان
یول امان ناظری نادر جندقی مجتبی قره محمودلو مجید عظیم محسنیﺁﺏﻫﺎی ﺯﻳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁبی در کشور ایران بوده که ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎی ﺑﺎﺭﺵ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ. در پژوهش حاضر از آمار 30 ساله بارش و تراز آب زیرزمینی در سه حوضه آبخیز گالیکش، رامیان و محمدآباد جهت مدل ­سازی بارش-تراز آب زیرزمینی استفاده شد. پیش ­ Moreﺁﺏﻫﺎی ﺯﻳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁبی در کشور ایران بوده که ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎی ﺑﺎﺭﺵ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ. در پژوهش حاضر از آمار 30 ساله بارش و تراز آب زیرزمینی در سه حوضه آبخیز گالیکش، رامیان و محمدآباد جهت مدل ­سازی بارش-تراز آب زیرزمینی استفاده شد. پیش ­بینی مقادیر تراز آب زیرزمینی با استفاده از داده ­های بارش برای 12 ماه آینده به کمک مدل تابع انتقال با استفاده از نرم­افزار SPSS انجام شد. در مرحله بعد اعتبارسنجی مقادیر پیش ­بینی شده با استفاده از شاخص ­های MAD، RMSE و MAPE مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نمودار خودهمبستگی متقابل نشان داد در حوضه­ های گالیکش و محمدآباد بارش با سه ماه تاخیر بر تراز آب زیرزمینی تاثیر مستقیم گذاشته است، اما در حوضه آبخیز رامیان این تاخیر یک ماهه بود. همچنین مشخص شد مدل تابع انتقال در برازش مقادیر تراز آب زیرزمینی ماهانه در هر 3 حوضه آبخیز مورد بررسی عملکردی مناسبی داشته است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - پیش بینی دبی روزانه جریان باراندوزچای با استفاده از تئوری آشوب
احمد پور مقدم ادریس معروفی نیا ابوالفضل شمساییبررسی رفتار جریان رودخانه یکی از موارد اساسی در طراحی، بهره برداری و مطالعات مربوط به مهندسی آب است. از این رو بکارگیری روش های نوین همچون نظریه آشوب در هیدرولوژی و منابع آب به دلیل نوآوری و قابلیت های آن، اخیراً توجه زیادی را به خود جلب کرده است. یکی از کاربردهای نظریه Moreبررسی رفتار جریان رودخانه یکی از موارد اساسی در طراحی، بهره برداری و مطالعات مربوط به مهندسی آب است. از این رو بکارگیری روش های نوین همچون نظریه آشوب در هیدرولوژی و منابع آب به دلیل نوآوری و قابلیت های آن، اخیراً توجه زیادی را به خود جلب کرده است. یکی از کاربردهای نظریه آشوب، تعیین خصوصیات کمی و آنالیز سری های زمانی هیدرولوژیکی همچون جریان رودخانه است. به منظور بازسازی فضای حالت، زمان تاخیر از روش تابع خود همبستگی و بعد محاط از الگوریتم نزدیکترین همسایگی کاذب محاسبه گردید. روش بعد همبستگی نیز برای بررسی آشوبپذیری جریان روزانه بکار گرفته شد، که بعد همبستگی حاصله حاکی از وجود رفتار آشوبناک سری زمانی تحت بررسی میباشد. زمان تأخیر از روش میانگین اطلاعات متقابل برای باراندوزچای برابر 66 به دست آمد. با استفاده از روش نزدیک ترین همسایگی کاذب مناسب ترین بعد محاط برابر 28 تعیین شد. بعد همبستگی برای سری زمانی دبی جریان برابر 1/3 بوده یعنی تعداد متغیرهای لازم برای تشریح سیستم برابر 3 است. مقدار کم بعد همبستگی (d) به دست آمده در مقیاس زمانی روزانه نشان دهنده وجود آشوب در سری زمانی دبی جریان رودخانه باراندوزچای می باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Using Lucas Experimental Method to Investigate the Relationship between Exchange Rate Overshooting and Business Cycles in Iran
Farzad Moayeri Mohsen Zayandeh Rood Seed Abdolmajid Jalaei Esfandabadi Hossien Mehrabi BasharabadiExchange rate shocks due to increased risk and uncertainty of production are concerned as a leader variable in creating economic instability in the country. The proof of this can help to adopt economic policies. During 1989 -2013, this has repeatedly been met with Excha MoreExchange rate shocks due to increased risk and uncertainty of production are concerned as a leader variable in creating economic instability in the country. The proof of this can help to adopt economic policies. During 1989 -2013, this has repeatedly been met with Exchange rate overshooting. This article attempts to answer this question that the exchange rate overshooting plays a key role as a leading variable in business cycles in Iran economy. In this regard, using Hodrick-Prescott filtering method, trends, and exchange rate shocks and economic cycles in 1989 -2013 calculated. Then, four complete cycles of currency (peak-peak) were identified. Next, applying Lucas experimental method, the relationship between Log of GDP shock and the exchange rate cycles was investigated at the time of each four cycles. The results showed that exchange rate shocks played as a leading variable in all periods Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Relationship between self compassion, spiritual intelligence and self value correlation with emotional regulation in Azad University students
zahra dasht bozorgi ehtram GoodarziAbsteract This study aimed to investigate the relationship between self compassion, spiritual intelligence and self value correlation with emotional regulation in Azad University students. The study was descriptive and correlational. The study population included all st MoreAbsteract This study aimed to investigate the relationship between self compassion, spiritual intelligence and self value correlation with emotional regulation in Azad University students. The study was descriptive and correlational. The study population included all students of Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz branch was in 1394. The research sample was randomly selected sample of 386 people. Research tools was Inventory of self-compassion scale (scs), spiritual intelligence questionnaire, self value correlation and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Pearson coafisiont and multi varat regression foe analaysing of data was used. The results showed that there were relationship between self compassion, spiritual intelligence and self value correlation with emotional regulation (p <0/05). Regression analysis showed that the variables (self compassion, spiritual intelligence and self value correlation) in total may be 29 percent of the independent variable (emotional regulation) to explain and predict. Key words: self compassion, self value correlation and intellectual intelligence and emotional regulation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Investigating the correlation between the dimensions of the model of alignment of human resource strategies with the strategy of the organization in the field of succession management in the National Iranian Oil Company
Fariba Bavandi vahid fallah kiumars khatir pashStudies show that there is a significant relationship between human resource strategies and the overall strategy of the organization. Also, the degree of coordination between human resource strategies and the organization's strategy affects the overall performance of th MoreStudies show that there is a significant relationship between human resource strategies and the overall strategy of the organization. Also, the degree of coordination between human resource strategies and the organization's strategy affects the overall performance of the organization. The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between the dimensions of the model of alignment of human resource strategies with the strategy of the organization in the field of succession management in the National Iranian Oil Company. The level of analysis in this study was organizational and the sample members are 120 managers that, knowing the subject matter, also have been appointed to supervisory / managerial positions. The research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire that was extracted based on the standard process and based on a qualitative analysis and then its standardization steps were performed during quantitative research, then, the collected data were analyzed with SMARTPLS software. Findings indicate that the highest correlation coefficient was related to the strategy variables with the interventionist conditions with a correlation coefficient of 0.603, also significant at the level of 0.01., and the lowest correlation coefficient obtained with the main category variable with contextual factors with a correlation coefficient of 0.107, which is not significant at the level of 0.05. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Surface Water Quality Assessment Using Linear Modeling Approach to Long-Term Environmental Changes (Case Study of Amirkabir-Karaj Dam Basin)
Sara Ranjbari Jamal Ghodusi Reza Arjmandi Amirhessam HassaniThe special importance of the Karaj River and Dam in the establishment of sustainable security of water supply in Tehran and maintaining the ecological stability of the aquatic environment and human activities related to water play a prominent and vital role. The aim of MoreThe special importance of the Karaj River and Dam in the establishment of sustainable security of water supply in Tehran and maintaining the ecological stability of the aquatic environment and human activities related to water play a prominent and vital role. The aim of this study was to identify sources of pollutants. Quality of surface water resources for 8 water quality parameters (sulfate, chlorine, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, total solute, electrical conductivity and sodium uptake ratio) in 10 Karaj-Amir dam dams It was great. In this study, the effect of changes in hydrological parameters on pollutant sources as well as the spatial origin of these pollutants and the appropriateness of watershed management measures during the 40-year period from 1347 to 1398 were investigated using Convik correlation analysis and principal component analysis. The results showed that the application of factor analysis in evaluating surface water quality parameters is one of the important cases for source and elimination of information noise. Focal variables 1 and 2 with correlation coefficients of 0.98 and 0.81 have potential ability especially for changes in environmental variables such as rainfall (H) and The volume of annual sediments (W) has a direct effect on the three elements of water quality, namely calcium, total salts and total hydrogen ratio, respectively, and they establish a direct relationship. The results showed that the share of incoming pollution load from the tributaries of the Karaj River due to the uses located in them in the pollution of the dam reservoir is more than the main tributary of the river and its uses. In particular, the sub-basins of Velayatrud, Shahrestanak and Sira have a total of more than one third of the share of pollution entering the reservoir. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Evaluation of groundwater quality at Shahid Dam site using hydrogeochemical methods
Mojtaba Rahimi Shahid Gholam Reza Lashkaripour Nastaran Sadat ‎ Hashemian naser ebadatiThe occurrence of droughts in the past few decades, rising global temperatures, and the exponential growth of population around the world, highlights the need for the quantitative and qualitative study of water resources. On the other hand, the construction of some stru MoreThe occurrence of droughts in the past few decades, rising global temperatures, and the exponential growth of population around the world, highlights the need for the quantitative and qualitative study of water resources. On the other hand, the construction of some structures, such as dams, increases the importance of studying the water quality at the construction site of such structures. In this study, using hydrogeochemical methods, the quality of groundwater in the construction site of Shahid Dam (located in the south of Semirom city) was evaluated. For this purpose, the correlation between the parameters was determined, the groundwater type was investigated using diagrams of Piper, Durov, and Stiff, geochemical ion ratios, ionic processes, and ion exchange reverse. The abundance of the main elements in the groundwater of the region includes TDS> HCo3> Ca> So4> Cl> Mg> Na> K. The chemical parameters of water in all cases in terms of drinking are favorable. The results show that there is a direct relationship with a high correlation (0.97) between EC and TDS, while a weak correlation was observed between other parameters. In general, it can be said that the relationship between HCo3 and EC, TDS, and other parameters has a higher correlation. The predominant type of groundwater in the study area is calcium bicarbonate and most of the samples have freshwater facies. According to the diagram (Na / Cl) vs. (EC), reverse ion exchange occurred in 11 samples, and only one sample had a dual origin of clay sediments and saline water intrusion. Based on the Ca + Mg versus HCo3 + So4 diagram, all samples show normal ion exchange. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Study of dispersion of radioactive elements uranium, thorium and potassium in the region Hashtrood using airborne radiometric data
Ali Nouhi Afshar Zia ZarifiNowadays geophysical airborne data have high importance for radioactive mineral exploration. In fact these data is major base for radioactive elements exploration. In this study by airborne radiometric data interpretation collected from Hashtrod 1:100000 sheet&nbs MoreNowadays geophysical airborne data have high importance for radioactive mineral exploration. In fact these data is major base for radioactive elements exploration. In this study by airborne radiometric data interpretation collected from Hashtrod 1:100000 sheet no. 5464 situated in north Iran expectation areas for uranium, thorium and potassium were recognized. Firstly, statistical parameters were calculated and radiometric elements' histograms of the area were drawn using conventional statistics. Moreover, promising maps were drawn based on the dispersion around the mean. Then, concentration- area full logarithm plots were drawn by using fractal method and digit data collected in the area. Next, plots associated uranium, thorium and potassium anomalous areas were prepared after step separation of different environments (background, threshold, anomaly) had been done based on C-A angular coefficient curve. The correlation coefficients between These elements were determined after some tables of data scattering were drawn. The image Ternary radioelement map color space GRB earns in the region and finally to process the images and extract the most important forms of uranium anomalies identified hot area and the introduction of promising deposits of radioactive minerals indexes were examined for discovery proceedings Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Geochemical and Environmental Assessment of the Heavy Metals in Robat Sefid Rigion (south of mashhad) Soil
Mohammad Ebrahim Fazel Valipour Banafshe Fazelvalipoor Rahim DabiriRobat sefid region located in mashhad to torbat road and surrounded with ophiolite outcrop serpentine formation that could be mentioned as source of Lithogenic contamination. Considering importance of this matter, in this paper heavy metal studying and evalu MoreRobat sefid region located in mashhad to torbat road and surrounded with ophiolite outcrop serpentine formation that could be mentioned as source of Lithogenic contamination. Considering importance of this matter, in this paper heavy metal studying and evaluation have been done in soil sources of robat sefid region. So heavy metal density in 11 soil samples have been studied and interoperated. For this aim multivariate statistical methods and index of geoaccumulation, enrichment factor, contamination factor and modified degree of contamination have been used. Correlations between elements have been evaluated with multivariate statistical methods (Pearson Correlation, Cluster Analysis and principle component analysis). Based on evaluations, ophiolite rocks (Serpentine، Gabbro، Dunite and Harzburgite) has been considered as Lithogenic source of elements in region. Based on index of geoaccumulation measurement for soil, Nicole has the highest rate of contamination in this region. Enrichment factor calculation shows that Nicole and Chromo have very high contamination and Cobalt has high contamination in this region. Also contamination factor measurement shows severe enrichment of Nicole in this region but region geology structures and ophiolite rocks weathering are the entrance source of these heavy metals and have Lithogenic source. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Study of dispersion of radioactive elements uranium, thorium and potassium in the region Hashtrood using airborne radiometric data
Ali Nohi Afshar Zia ZarifiNowadays geophysical airborne data have high importance for radioactive mineral exploration. In fact these data is major base for radioactive elements exploration. In this study by airborne radiometric data interpretation collected from Hashtrod 1:100000 sheet&nbs MoreNowadays geophysical airborne data have high importance for radioactive mineral exploration. In fact these data is major base for radioactive elements exploration. In this study by airborne radiometric data interpretation collected from Hashtrod 1:100000 sheet no. 5464 situated in north Iran expectation areas for uranium, thorium and potassium were recognized. Firstly, statistical parameters were calculated and radiometric elements' histograms of the area were drawn using conventional statistics. Moreover, promising maps were drawn based on the dispersion around the mean. Then, concentration- area full logarithm plots were drawn by using fractal method and digit data collected in the area. Next, plots associated uranium, thorium and potassium anomalous areas were prepared after step separation of different environments (background, threshold, anomaly) had been done based on C-A angular coefficient curve. The correlation coefficients between These elements were determined after some tables of data scattering were drawn. The image Ternary radioelement map color space GRB earns in the region and finally to process the images and extract the most important forms of uranium anomalies identified hot area and the introduction of promising deposits of radioactive minerals indexes were examined for discovery proceedings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Investigation of Urban Biophysical Compounds in the Formation of Thermal Islands Using RS and GIS”(Case Study: Yazd)
sedigheh emami esmail emamiThe urban thermal island phenomenon has intensified in recent years, due to the changes in urban airspace along with the rise of urbanization. Spatial-temporal patterns of biophysical constituents, which include vegetation, impermeable surfaces and soil type in the city MoreThe urban thermal island phenomenon has intensified in recent years, due to the changes in urban airspace along with the rise of urbanization. Spatial-temporal patterns of biophysical constituents, which include vegetation, impermeable surfaces and soil type in the city, have a significant impact on urban thermal islands. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of effective urban parameters in the formation and clustering of Yazd urban thermal islands. In order to achieve the proposed goal, the thermal map was developed using the single-window algorithm on the thermal band of OLT sensor of Landsat ETM+ sensors for August, 2015 and 2017; Land surface temperature (LST) was calculated and using spatial correlation (LISA), hot and cold clusters of thermal islands of Yazd were extracted. In order to evaluate the surface temperature, with the intensity of LST, spatial heterogeneity of the clusters increases nonlinearly. The relationship between the thermal islands with NDVI and urban carrion layers were investigated: cold clusters are around the places with more green space and hot clusters are in the arid areas and in areas without vegetation cover. The result of the correlation between the surface temperature and the NDVI, NDBI, and NDBaI indicated that the relationship between NDVI and LST is negative, and the relationship between NDBaI and LST is also nonlinear and negative. But the relationship between NDBI and LST is nonlinear and positive. A spatial correlation with the local index has emphasized on the extent of thermal islands in the studied periods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Performance Improvement of the RFM Estimation by Modifying the Initial Population in the Genetic based Optimization
Mojtaba Akhoundi Khezrabad Mohammad Javad Valadan Zoej Alireza SafdarinezhadRational Function Models (RFMs) are known as the most famous mathematical transformations used in geometric correction of satellite images. Considering the lack of enough and well-distributed Ground Control Points (GCPs), the structure optimization is a critical step in MoreRational Function Models (RFMs) are known as the most famous mathematical transformations used in geometric correction of satellite images. Considering the lack of enough and well-distributed Ground Control Points (GCPs), the structure optimization is a critical step in the terrain-dependent RFM estimation strategy. Heretofore, the binary encoding Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization method has been used to find the optimal structure of RFMs. However, randomized generation of initial population can directly impact the convergence and also computational costs. In this paper, an approach has been proposed to modify the initial population of the GA algorithm based on the correlations of the column vectors of the least square design matrix. In this approach, probability of the presence of each RFM term in the GA initial population is linearly dependent on its correlation with other terms. Although this method slightly decreases the geometric accuracy, it can fall the processing time by 37.02% on average. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Cytogenetic investigation in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.): A meta-analysis
Shiva Shahsavari zahra nourmohammadi Masoud Sheidai Farah Farahani Mohammad Reza VazifeshenasPunica granatum L. (pomegranate), is among important horticultural plants which is cultivated in many parts of the world and appreciated for its fruit value and medicinal properties. Several pomegranate cultivars are cultivated in Iran which differs in fruit characteris MorePunica granatum L. (pomegranate), is among important horticultural plants which is cultivated in many parts of the world and appreciated for its fruit value and medicinal properties. Several pomegranate cultivars are cultivated in Iran which differs in fruit characteristics and agronomical features. In spite of economic importance of pomegranate cultivars, limited knowledge is available on genetic and cytogenetic peculiarities of these cultivars. Therefore, we aimed to investigate cytogenetically twelve unreported cultivars and also compile all available data on chromosome pairing, chiasma frequency and meiotic irregularities in 88 cultivars and carry on a meta analysis. We found all cultivars to have 2n = 2x = 16 chromosome number, but significantly differed in all meiotic features studied. Most of meiotic features studied were significantly correlated while PCA analysis revealed that characters like chiasma frequency and distribution as well as ring bivalents are associated to each other and differentiated the cultivars which were distributed towards longitude. Similarly, characters related to meiotic irregularities such as chromosome stickiness and anaphase failure differentiated the cultivars which were distributed toward altitude. PCA plot placed pomegranate cultivars in three major groups due to meiotic difference. Data obtained can be used in future conservation and breeding of pomegranate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Spectral Correlation & Combined Moments Framework for Application of CBIR at Biomedical Database
Shahin Shafei Hamid Vahdati Tohid Sedghi Asghar Charmin -
Open Access Article
90 - Identification Catalytic Projects of Development Based on Social Capital in Surrounding Areas of Imam Reza Holy Shrine (Case Study :Noghan Neighborhood in Mashhad)
Seyedeh Setareh Vafaei Mojtaba Rafieian Elham Lashkari -
Open Access Article
91 - RCMS: Requirements Conflict Management and Overlapping Control Strategy in CSOP+RP using Pearson Correlation Coefficient
Soheil Afraz Hassan Rashidi Nasser Mikaeilvand -
Open Access Article
92 - Designing a model for aligning human resource strategies with the strategy of the organization in The field of succession management using Multiple Critria Decision Making Model
fariba bavand savadkohi vahid fallah kiumars khatirpashaStudies show that there is a significant relationship between human resource strategies and the overall strategy of the organization. Also, the degree of coordination between human resource strategies and the organization's strategy affects the overall performance of th MoreStudies show that there is a significant relationship between human resource strategies and the overall strategy of the organization. Also, the degree of coordination between human resource strategies and the organization's strategy affects the overall performance of the organization. The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between the dimensions of the model of alignment of human resource strategies with the strategy of the organization in the field of succession management in the National Iranian Oil Company. The sample members are 120 managers that, knowing the subject matter, also have been appointed to supervisory / managerial positions. The research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire that was extracted based on the standard process and based on a qualitative analysis and then its standardization steps were performed during quantitative research, then, The collected data were analyzed with SMARTPLS software. Findings indicate that The highest correlation coefficient was related to the strategy variables with the interventionist conditions with a correlation coefficient of 0.603, also significant at the level of 0.01., and The lowest correlation coefficient obtained with the main category variable with contextual factors with a correlation coefficient of 0.107, which is not significant at the level of 0.05 . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Career Anchors among the Personnel of Esfahan’s Iron Foundry Organization
Bijan Abdollahi Azar BahramiThe main purpose of this study was to study the relation between quality of work life and four career anchors among the personnel of Isfahan’s iron foundry organization. The descriptive correlation method was used in this research. The population was all the perso MoreThe main purpose of this study was to study the relation between quality of work life and four career anchors among the personnel of Isfahan’s iron foundry organization. The descriptive correlation method was used in this research. The population was all the personnel of iron foundry organization in Isfahan including 1200 managers, experts and staffs of the organization which 400 personnel were selected as the sample by cluster sampling method. The research instruments were two questionnaires made by the researcher. The quality of work life questionnaire was devised based on Richard Walton model and had 48 items; the career anchors questionnaire was devised based on Edgar Shine model and had 40 items including four anchors: exploring, establishing, maintaining, and retiring. These two questionnaires ‏utilized a Li‏kert-type 5 point scale. The validity ‏of the questionnaire was confirmed by the experts and Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency reliability estimate for quality of work life was 0.79‏ and for career anchors was 0.89. The research data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, one – way ANOVA, and step by step regression. Findings showed that social dependence; social integrity in work organization, obeying the law in organization, and life general atmosphere has a significant difference among eight factors of quality of work life. In other word, social dependence, social integrity in work organization, obeying the law in organization, and life general atmosphere had effect on the four career anchors while the other factors have no significant effect on the four career anchors. Moreover, it could be mentioned that the quality of work life in any career anchors of the personnel of iron foundry organization was at the average level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Process Capability Analysis in the Presence of Autocorrelation
Mohsen Mohamadi Mehdi Foumani Babak Abbasi -
Open Access Article
95 - Phase-II Monitoring of AR (1) Autocorrelated Polynomial Profiles
Mehdi Keramatpour سید تقی اخوان نیاکی Amirhossein Amiri -
Open Access Article
96 - Process Capability Analysis in the Presence of Autocorrelation
Mohsen Mohamadi Mehdi Foumani Babak Abbasi -
Open Access Article
97 - Statistical Evaluation of Induced Seismicity at the Karkheh Dam, Iran
Seyed Majdedin Mir Mohammad Hosseini Pegah Rajaei -
Open Access Article
98 - Grouping of Late Maturing Corn Hybrids in Relation to some Agronomic Traits
S. Mohammadi L. Alivand F. Farahvash H. Hamzeh K. Anvari S. ArefiStudy the relationships of some agronomic traits with grain yield of 14 late maturing corn hybrids, an experiment based in RCBD with four replications was carried out at Miyandoab Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station in 2009. Results showed that there wer MoreStudy the relationships of some agronomic traits with grain yield of 14 late maturing corn hybrids, an experiment based in RCBD with four replications was carried out at Miyandoab Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station in 2009. Results showed that there were significant differences among corn hybrids for plant and ear height, number of kernel row and kernel numbers per ear, 1000 kernel weight, biological yield and grain yield. Hybrid KLM76005 × MO17 produced highest grain yield. Grain yield had high positive significant correlations with biological yield and harvest index. Stepwise regression analysis showed that traits like harvest index, biological yield and 1000 kernel weight justified the grain yield variation. Path analysis indicated that these traits had the highest positive direct and significant effect on grain yield. Based on the cluster analysis results, corn hybrids under study divided into 5 groups. Groups number 2 and 3 in cluster analysis did have higher mean values for effective traits on grain yield (harvest index, biological yield and 1000 kernel weight) as compared to the others. Grain yield had negative significant correlation with GDD at tasseling time and total GDD during growing season. Based on principle components analysis basic vector values two factors explained data total variation by 80.3 %. Based on results obtained it can be concluded that Hybrid KLM76005 × MO17 due to its higher biological yield and harvest index would be the best option to be recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Assesment of Relationships between Seed Yield and Some Morphophysiological Traits of Bread Wheat Genotypes under Rainfed and Supplementary Irrigation Conditions
Saman Motazedi Saeed Seifzadeh Reza HagParast HamidReza Zakerin Hamid Jabbari Jahanfar daneshianRelationship, between seed yield and it morphological characteristics and their relative importance in 25 bread wheat genotypes under both rain-fed and supplementary irrigation conditions studied using a randomized complete block design with three replications were eval MoreRelationship, between seed yield and it morphological characteristics and their relative importance in 25 bread wheat genotypes under both rain-fed and supplementary irrigation conditions studied using a randomized complete block design with three replications were evaluated during growing seasons of 2014 and 2016 at the Kermanshah’s Sararud Rainfed Agricultural Research Station. Analysis of variance showed that all traits under study, except spike length, exhibited significant differences in rainfed and supplementary irrigation condition. In supplementary irrigation conditions, these traits showed higher values as compared to those of rainfed condition. The application of supplementary irrigation resulted in reduced leaf and canopy temperatures. The coefficients of simple correlation between the traits, for both of the rain-fed and supplementary irrigation systems, indicated that cell membrane stability, flag leaf length, straw yield, relative water content, 1000 seed weight, chlorophyll content, leaf and canopy temperatures were maximally correlated with the seed yield. Traits like straw yield and flag leaf length were inserted into the regression model of rainfed irrigation condition and traits such as the straw yield, flag leaf length, relative water content and spike yield were also inserted into the regression model of supplementary irrigation condition the results demonstrated that the former traits accounted for 0.741 of the seed yield variations and the latter traits explained 0.899 of the seed yield variation. Path coefficient analysis showed highest positive direct effect on seed yield in rain-fed condition, and straw yield and flag leaf length, relative water content, flag leaf length and spike yield in supplementary irrigation condition. Based on the results of this study, straw yield was found to be the most important indicator to select for higher yielding varieties of wheat under both rainfed and supplementar irrigation conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Evaluation of Correlation between Physiological and Morphological Traits with Yield in Hull- less Barley Lines
M.R. Dadashi A. Noorinia M. Askar Sh. AziziRelationships between grain yield and yield components in some hull-less barley lines were studied in experiment conducted in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications at the Research Station of Agriculture of Gorgan, Iran. During growth season several char MoreRelationships between grain yield and yield components in some hull-less barley lines were studied in experiment conducted in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications at the Research Station of Agriculture of Gorgan, Iran. During growth season several characteristics including plant height spike length, number of spike per m2, biological yield, number of total tillers, number of fertile tillers, number of kernel per spike, number of spikelet per spike, relative water content (RWC), coefficient of membrane stability (CMS), flag leaf area, Na/K ratio, grain yield, 1000 kernel weight and harvest index were measured. Results showed that stepwise multivariate analysis was the best suitable model in evaluating of the yield. Path analysis showed that correlation among characteristics which remained in the model was broken into direct and indirect effects. The results derived from correlation and path analysis indicated that almost 70% of the yield increase was due to the direct effect of 1000 kernel weight. Number of kernel per spike was positively significant and number of fertile tillage was also found to have positive and significant direct effect on yield, but number of fertile tiller indirectly affects by higher 1000 kernel weight. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - The Effect of Different Seed Primings on Some Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.)
Adel Pedram Mehdi Tajbakhsh Dariush Fathollah Taleghani Mahdi GhiyasiTo investigate the effect of different seed primings on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of two sugar beet cultivars a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, was carried out in both laboratory and field MoreTo investigate the effect of different seed primings on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of two sugar beet cultivars a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, was carried out in both laboratory and field at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of West Azarbaijan province in 2015-16. The factors were two cultivars (Ekbatan and 7233) and five kinds of seed primings (seed hardening, priming with nano fertilizer, priming with pigeon manure extract, hydropriming and control). The results of combined analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences between genotypes for root yield and white sugar content. It was also, revealed that primings for all traits, except percent of sugar extraction, alkalinity and white sugar content, were significant. In this study, cultivar 7233, as compared with Ekbatan, produced higher root yield and sugar content. Furthermore, hydropriming produced higher germination percentage (96.50%), speed of germination (9.56 seeds/day), root yield (80.33 t.ha-1), sugars content (23.11%), sugar yield (18.38 t.ha-1) than other seed primings. Based on stepwise regression analysis, four traits, like sugars content, root yield, sugar extraction percentage and molasses sugar, justified 98% of white sugar yield variations. Thus, these four traits were identified as the most effective ones for white sugar yield. It can be, therefore, concluded that hydropriming would be a proper seed priming to improve the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sugar beet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Estimation of Performance and Genetic Parameters of Ten Chinese and Japanese Silkworm Hybrids in a Crisscrossing System
S. Nematollahian M. Ghanipoor A.R. Seidavi S.Z. Mirhosseini M. Mavvajpour A.R. BizhanniaPerformance of five Chinese commercial lines of silkworm like 32, 104, 110, 152, 154 and five Japanese ones such as 31, 103, 107, 151, 153 were investigated at four rearing periods of two spring and two summer seasons. Total hatch, rearing steps, recording and experimen MorePerformance of five Chinese commercial lines of silkworm like 32, 104, 110, 152, 154 and five Japanese ones such as 31, 103, 107, 151, 153 were investigated at four rearing periods of two spring and two summer seasons. Total hatch, rearing steps, recording and experimental activities were conducted under standard conditions of ESCAP (1993). The results indicated that maternal base effect all of effects in model (generation, genus and hybrid group) was significant (P<0.0001). Except for maternal base effect, other present ingredient in statistic model were extremely significant (P<0.0001) as compared with mean effects of all ingredients studied except the maternal base effect over characters cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight and cocoon shell percentage was significant (P<0.0001). Variance components estimated, by using one trait analysis method, showed that 153×154 and 31×32 hybrids had high heritability (0.8365 and 0.7848 for cocoon weight trait respectively). Thus, it could be said that rate of genetic gain from accomplishment of selection programs using from this hybrids for new lines production would be appreciable. Also it seems 153×154 despite its high heritability for individual traits (0.8365 and 0.9854 for cocoon weight and shell cocoon weight respectively) did have lower mean relative to 31×32 and this shown this hybrid may be sensitive to environmental conditions. The results obtained from estimation of genetic, environment and phenotypic correlations using two trait analysis methods is shown that the hybrid 153×154 had maximum additive genetic correlation. It can be concluded that hybrid 31×32 concerning most economical characters was superior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Comparison and Classification of Lentil (Lens culinaris) Landraces under Drought Stress Conditions after Flowering
V. Rashidi S. Chalabi Yani M. Sharifi N. EffatdustIn order to compare and classify of 15Iranian lentil landraces under drought stress conditions after flowering, an experiment was carried out in split plot lay out based on randomized complete block design with four replications. It was performed at the Agricultural Res MoreIn order to compare and classify of 15Iranian lentil landraces under drought stress conditions after flowering, an experiment was carried out in split plot lay out based on randomized complete block design with four replications. It was performed at the Agricultural Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, during the cropping year of 2011. The primary factor consisted of drought stress treatments at 2 levels (non stress and stress after flowering) and secondary factor of 15 lentil landraces. Analysis of variance indicated remarkable diversities among the landraces under study and significant differences for interaction of genotype by drought stress levels were obtained for most of the traits measured. Grain yield and number of grains per plant were highly influenced by drought stress. Mean comparisons also showed significant variations among the landraces for number of pods per plant, number of grains per plant, 100- grain weight, hecto liter weight, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index. Drought stress also reduced of plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, 100- seeds weight, hectoliter weight, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index of the lentil landraces under study. Correlation coefficients revealed that, number of seeds per plant and harvest index had significant and positive effect on seed yield under drought stress. Cluster analysis, based on the traits studied, divided the landraces into three groups. In this classification, the landraces of Kaleybar, Garadagh, Kharvana, Horand Danehriz and Shomale Varzegan were distinguished as superior landraces under drought conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Survey of Adaptation of Thirty Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes to West Guilan Climatic Conditions-Astara
F. Saied zadehAdaptation of thirty rice genotypes was studied in a completely randomized block design experiment with 3 replications for two cropping seasons (2005-2006) in Astara. Analysis of variance showed that differences among the years for the most of traits were not significan MoreAdaptation of thirty rice genotypes was studied in a completely randomized block design experiment with 3 replications for two cropping seasons (2005-2006) in Astara. Analysis of variance showed that differences among the years for the most of traits were not significant where as there was a significant difference among the genotypes and genotype by year interaction. Correlation coefficient of the traits under study showed that grain yield had a positive and significant correlation with number of tiller per plant, paddy yield and harvest index. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that the paddy yield per plant and panicle length had a positive and significant effect on the grain yield. Cluster analysis of genotypes in these grouped genotypes into three categories. Two years of experiment showed these lines producing higher yields, were better adapted to Nemat, line 338, Sangtaroom, Dorfak, Mehr and line 6 fell into the second group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Wheat Lines under Normal and Grain Filling Stage Water Stress Conditions
اسماعیل Mahmoodi S. Mohammadi J. SabaTo identify drought tolerant genotypes, by using different indices and presenting the best indices, four separate trials at the Agricultural Research Stations of Miyandoab, Mashhad, Hamedan, and Ardabil, were conducted with 18 wheat lines and two checks in a randomized MoreTo identify drought tolerant genotypes, by using different indices and presenting the best indices, four separate trials at the Agricultural Research Stations of Miyandoab, Mashhad, Hamedan, and Ardabil, were conducted with 18 wheat lines and two checks in a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2006-2007, under full-irrigation and exposing the lines to drought stress at grain filling stage. Result showed that lines 2(C-80-4) and 8(Bkt/90-Zhong 87), also named as Mihan variety, having the maximum values of MP, GMP, STI, HARM, RDI and the least values of TOL and SSI indices, identified to be as high grain yielders in both full irrigation and water deficit at grain filling stage. The significant and positive correlations of YP and YS with MP, GMP, STI, and HARM, indicated that they are the proper indices to select high yielding wheat genotypes under stress and non-stress conditions. According to principle component analysis, two components justified 99.83% of all variations. First vector showed 70.85% of variations, yield potential component and drought tolerance indices (MP, GMP, STI, HARM and RDI) and the second rector justified 28.98% of total variations which would be named as “drought susceptible components (TOL and SSI indices). According to results of cluster analysis, MP, GMP, STI, HARM indices are found to be in one group, and TOL and SSI indices in the other group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Identify Traits Affecting Grain Yield in Bread Wheat Recombinant Inbred Lines under Drought Stress
Hosein Nazari Saeid Aharizad Mohammad MoghaddamVahed Mahmood ToorchiTo identify the effectis traits on grain yield under normal irrigation and water deficit conditions, 65 wheat recombinant inbred lines derived from the crossing of Yecora Rojo American cultivar (a high yielder, dwarf and early) and No.49 Iranian line (medium yielder, ta MoreTo identify the effectis traits on grain yield under normal irrigation and water deficit conditions, 65 wheat recombinant inbred lines derived from the crossing of Yecora Rojo American cultivar (a high yielder, dwarf and early) and No.49 Iranian line (medium yielder, tall and late) split-plot experiments based on randomized complete bloks design with two replications was performed at Agriculture Research Station, University of Tabriz, in 2013. Irrigation levels were considered as main factor and lines as sub factor. The analysis of variance showed that the differences among irrigation levels for grain yield, plant height, peduncle length, root volume and root weight were significant. The differences among wheat lines and intraction between line irrigation levels for all of the traits were also significant. Under normal irrigation condition, grain yield had significant an positieve correlation with plant height, highest spike, number of seeds per spike, peduncle length, 1000 seed weight, spike length, straw yield and root length. Under drought stress condition, grain yield had significant and positive correlation with the number of grains per spike, number of fertile spikes, peduncle length, root length and straw yield. Path analysis, based on the stepwise regression method, revealed that the plant height, peduncle length, number of grains per spike, straw yield, number of fertile spike and root length undernormal irrigation condition and number of grains per spike, 1000 grain weight, number of fertile spikes, root length and root weight under water condition were effective traits on seed yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Evaluating the Relationships among Traits in Thyme (Thymus daenensis subsp. Daenensis) Ecotypes under Non-Stress and Drought Stress Conditions
Masoud GolestaniTo study the relationships among traits of thyme ecotypes, two experiments under non-stress and drought stress conditions were carried out using randomized complete block design with four replications in Abarkouh during 2017-2018 cropping season. Correlation analysis wa MoreTo study the relationships among traits of thyme ecotypes, two experiments under non-stress and drought stress conditions were carried out using randomized complete block design with four replications in Abarkouh during 2017-2018 cropping season. Correlation analysis was used for evaluation of relationships among traits. Stepwise regression and path analysis were used for determination of effective traits on shoot dry weight and for determination of direct and indirect effects on shoot dry weight, respectively. Factor analysis was used for identifying factors that produce special correlations among measured variables. Correlation coefficients among traits showed that there were significant positive correlation among traits like shoot fresh and dry weight with maximum and minimum diameter of canopy, canopy area, leaf length, number of stems per plant and essential oil yield under both conditions. The result of stepwise regression showed that canopy area, leaf width, leaf length, number of flower in inflorescence and number of days to 50% of flowering under non-stress condition and canopy area, leaf width, leaf length and number of days to 50% of flowering under stress condition were entered to the stepwise regression model. The result of path analysis under both conditions showed that canopy area had the highest direct and positive effect on shoot dry weight and leaf width and negative effect on shoot dry weight. Based on factor analysis, three factors were selected and these factors explained 76% of total variation under both conditions and traits such as shoot fresh and dry weight, maximum and minimum diameter of canopy, canopy area, leaf length, number of stems per plant and essential oil yield were main components of these factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Correlation and Path Analysis of Yield and Yield Components of Safflower Genotypes under Late Season Drought Stress Conditions
Seyedeh Zahra HosseiniTo calculate correlation coefficients and path analysis of some traits related to grain yield, 15 genotypes of safflower were studied under non-stress and drought stress conditions at two different sites (with 10 meter distance) in the field of College of Agriculture of MoreTo calculate correlation coefficients and path analysis of some traits related to grain yield, 15 genotypes of safflower were studied under non-stress and drought stress conditions at two different sites (with 10 meter distance) in the field of College of Agriculture of Lorestan University, Iran. Each experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences among the genotypes for all measured traits and yield in both stress and non- stress conditions. By using stepwise regression, best model was estimated for the two conditions. Sequential path analysis of the correlation between grain yield and other traits showed that days to start flowering, 1000-seed weight and stem diameter had direct effects on grain yield under non-stress conditions, while under drought conditions, seed weight per plant and 1000-seed weight had direct and positive effects on grain yield. Thus, to obtain high yielding varieties of safflower under drought stress condition, we showed attempt to select varieties with high seed weight per plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Evaluation of Lentil Recombinant Inbred Lines using Drought Tolerance Indices
Mohammad Hassan Rahimi Sadollah Houshmand Mahmood KhodambashiTo identify drought tolerant lines among 168 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between Hindi variety of L3685 (high yielding, erect type and early growth) as female parent and Iranian variety of Qazvin (with prostrate growth and late growth) as male parent, MoreTo identify drought tolerant lines among 168 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between Hindi variety of L3685 (high yielding, erect type and early growth) as female parent and Iranian variety of Qazvin (with prostrate growth and late growth) as male parent, two experiments were conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications under non-stress and drought stress conditions at the experimental Field of Shahrekord University in 2013. Results of combined analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences among lines under study in both experimental conditions in terms of grain yield (P≤0.01). Significant interaction of line×conditions revealed that lines responded differently to drought stress based on grain yield. Results also indicates that lines 160, 125 and 129 were promising lines under both conditions in terms of grain yield. Positive and significant correlation between tolerance indices and grain yield under stress and non-stress conditions indicated that the STI, MP, HARM and GMP indices may identify promising from non promising lines. Based on the above criteria, lines 160, 125, 48, 103 and 129 were recognized as drought tolerant lines. According to the results of principal components analysis, the first and second components determined 97.8% of the total variations among genotypes under study for drought resistance indices. The distribution of lines in the biplot showed genetic variations to the drought stress and thus lines 160, 125, 48, 129 and 103 were identified as high yielders under drought stress condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Relationships of Phenology and Physiological Traits with the Yield of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) in Northern Khorasan
Abbas Frooghi Abbas Biyabani Ali Rahemi Karizaki Gorbanali RassamTo investigate relationships among physiological traits of 20 rapeseed cultivars, an experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Agricultural Faculty of Shirvan in Northern Khorasan in Iran, in 2014-2015. The experiment used was a randomized complete block design w MoreTo investigate relationships among physiological traits of 20 rapeseed cultivars, an experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Agricultural Faculty of Shirvan in Northern Khorasan in Iran, in 2014-2015. The experiment used was a randomized complete block design with four replications. Results showed that there were significant differences among cultivars for seed and biological yield, the number of pod/plant and seed/pod, 1000 seed weight, harvest index, days to germination, seedling, rosette, shooting, flowering time, end of flowering, pod formation time, end of pod formation, seed filling time and physiological maturity among the traits of rapeseed under study. The highest yield belonged to Traviata (513.56 g/m2) but did not have significant difference with Kodiak, Bilbao, L72 and SW102. The lowest yield belonged to Shirali cultivar (344.41 g.m-2) but it also did not have significant difference with Zarfam and Sarigol cultivars. Positive and significant correlation was observed for seed and biological yields, number of pods/plant and seeds/pod, seed weight, harvest index, the number of days to flowering, flowering end, beginning pod formation, ending pod formation, beginning seed filling, plant height and seed filling rate, but correlations were negative between seed yield and seed filling period and day to emergence and rosette. According to stepwise regression, seed yield was considered as dependent variable and other traits as independent ones. Positive direct effects of harvest index and biological yield and also positive indirect effect of biological yield on number of pod/plant and positive indirect effect number of pod/plant on harvest index were the traits that can be used for selection of high yielding genotypes. Path analysis revealed that traits like seed weight and seed number per unit, seed number and seed weight are its determiners of seed yield. The results also showed that seed filling rate is more effect than seed filling period in determination of seed weight. Regression analysis also showed that by increasing temperature, seed filling period was decreased by 1.54 days and seed filling rate increased 0.004 mg/grain.day-1 centigrad-1. Based on these results it could be concluded that genotypes varied significantly for the rate and duration of seed filling. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Studying the social factors related to social anomie feeling in Islamic Azad University of Tabriz
Hassan Javadi Mahmood Elmi Samad SabaghAnomy is abnormal and irregular condition that is a kind of social problem caused by transient era. The main question of this study is, "is there any significant relation between social factors and social anomy feeling among students of Azad University of Tabriz?" In th MoreAnomy is abnormal and irregular condition that is a kind of social problem caused by transient era. The main question of this study is, "is there any significant relation between social factors and social anomy feeling among students of Azad University of Tabriz?" In this study "anomy feeling" is dependent variable and is assessed by studying independent variables (participation, class, correlation, supervision and value break). In this study the views of Durkheim, Merton, and Parsons … are used and the research method is Survey and sample includes 385 students selected by relative separation. Pearson correlation coefficient, T test, and ANOVA test were used in hypothesis testing. Multifold regression was also used to specify anomy felling based on variables independent of multifold regression. The mean of anomy feeling is 55.61. In this study combined hypothesis of Durkheim and Merton, social correlation of Durkheim, Theory of Masner and Crohen, reverse relation between social correlation and anomy feeling, relation between social supervision and anomy feeling by theories of David Riesman, Watkinson and Robertson and reveres relation of social supervision and anatomy feeling, and lowering of anomy feeling by accepting values of Parsons society were certified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Examining the relationship between social capital and students’ educational success in Kurdistan University
Chenor Didari Mahmood ElmiThe expression of social capital is a concept that recently very qualified attention in the branches of human science. Actually this concept is an important bridge connection between economic, social and politic sciences. Social capital is the result of cultural and soc MoreThe expression of social capital is a concept that recently very qualified attention in the branches of human science. Actually this concept is an important bridge connection between economic, social and politic sciences. Social capital is the result of cultural and social position. In fact social capital is one of the indicators of cultural and social position in society. Social capital has an important effect in reducing the cost of activates and individual success in their aims. This research using social capital theories from different theorists in social capital especially James Coleman tries to survey empirically the relation between social capital and educational success of student. The sample of the study is 380 students of Kurdistan University in Sanandaj that they were studying in academic year of 2009-2010. The method of this research is survey and students answer the questionnaire designed using the related theories. The results of research show that, there is a significant relationship between social capital and students’ educational success. Also, from different variables of social capital, relations inside the family have the most affection in students’ educational success. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - پیشرفت تحصیلی در یادگیری زبان: مدل ساختاری تاثیر تعامل بین معلم و دانش آموز و یادگیری خود تنظیمی
نفیسه اسدزاده ملکی مسعود ذوقی نادر اسدی آیدین لودر تحقیق حاضر، به منظور بررسی نقش مشارکتی متغیرهای یادگیری خودتنظیمی وتعامل بین معلم و دانشجو در میزان پیشرفت تحصیلی دانش جویان از روش تحقیق همبستگی استفاده شده است. نمونه ای از 218 دانشجوی رشته زبان انگلیسی (102 مرد و 116 زن) از بین 645 دانشجوی این رشته با کمک نرم افزا Moreدر تحقیق حاضر، به منظور بررسی نقش مشارکتی متغیرهای یادگیری خودتنظیمی وتعامل بین معلم و دانشجو در میزان پیشرفت تحصیلی دانش جویان از روش تحقیق همبستگی استفاده شده است. نمونه ای از 218 دانشجوی رشته زبان انگلیسی (102 مرد و 116 زن) از بین 645 دانشجوی این رشته با کمک نرم افزاد محاسباتی تعیین نمونه اولیه مدل ساختاری انتخاب شدند. رده سنی آنها بین 18 تا 45 سال بوده و در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز مشغول به تحصیل بودند. مدل ساختاری مورد استفاده در ایت مطالعه نشان داد که تعامل بین معلم و دانشجو تاثیر مستقیم و موثری در پیشرفت تحصیلی آنها دارد. همچنین نتایج به دست آمده نشان داد که تاثیر این تعامل بر میزان پیشرفت تحصیلی دانشجویان به وسیله یادگیری خودتنظیمی افزایش می یابد. در این تحقیق، مشارکت علی-معلولی این عوامل روانشناسی، یعنی یادگیری خودتنظیمی و تعامل بین معلم و دانشجو، بر میزان پیشرفت تحصیلی دانشجویان به اثبات رسید. یافته های این تحقیق در زمینه های آموزشی و فعالیت های کلاسی کاربردهای زیادی دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Retrospective survey of abundance nematodes in digestive tract of sheep in East Azerbaijan and calculation of correlation between EPG and humidity in mentioned regions
Ahmad Nematollahi Mona Habashzadeh Abbas Rafat Gholamali MoghaddamAbstract Infections with gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes severely affect small ruminant health and compromise their productivity and reproductive performances and can be a major cause of economic losses in small ruminant production. High burden of infections with nemat MoreAbstract Infections with gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes severely affect small ruminant health and compromise their productivity and reproductive performances and can be a major cause of economic losses in small ruminant production. High burden of infections with nematodes may lead to death; and under field conditions, most infections are usually mixed consisting of different species of nematodes. Sheep and goats are infected with gastrointestinal nematodes while grazing and the biology of the infective larvae on the pastures is important in planning effective control programs. In general, the development of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes is largely dependent on temperature, with development rate increasing at warmer temperatures, while moisture is also required for the development cycle to proceed. Temperature also influences grass growth and hence exposure independently of larval development and survival. East Azerbaijan province in terms of livestock animal population in particular sheep breeding is one of the most important provinces of Iran and due to the amount of rainfall is susceptible to worm’s contamination in livestock animal. In this survey, fecal samples of 5934 sheep in 19 cities in East Azerbaijan, from 2002-2009 were examined by the Clayton-Lane method. Briefly, a sample of feces, 1-5 g, was well mixed with water (about 30-50 ml) and strained through a sieve (1 mm mesh) to remove coarse fecal material. The mixture was sedimented for 10-15 minutes on the bench, or by light centrifugation for two or three occasions, until the supernatant was clear. The sediment was then mixed with a saturated solution of sugar in a centrifuge tube (15 ml volume) and centrifuged for one or two minutes at 500 g. The egg floated and coverslips were placed on the tubes in centrifuge and after 5 min the samples were examined for the presence of eggs at 100x and 400x magnifications under the light microscope and the number eggs of Nematodirus, Marshallagia, Trichuris, unknown nematodes parasite eggs and the whole of the nematode eggs were determined in these cities by their shape and size. These data were analyzed by the SAS software. The results showed that the Kaleibar was the most infested city and the Malekan had the lowest contamination to gastrointestinal nematode parasites. Marshallagia and Trichuris had the maximum and minimum quantities of means with 11.12±32.02 and 2.23±13.78, respectively. A study on the correlation between humidity in the second month and humidity average and fecal egg count showed that there is a positive and significant (p < 0.01) correlation between them. Base on the results of this survey high humidity in regions and seasons are risk factors for propagating worm infestations and distinct handlings are necessary for preventing the mentioned phenomenon. This study survey on geographical situation in 19 cities of East-Azerbaijan indicated that the infestation rate to gastrointestinal nematodes in south of province (Malkan city) is at the minimum rate and in north province (Kaleibar city) is in maximum rate. Because the north region of East-Azerbaijan province is warmer and moister from the other regions, the high rate of infestation to GI nematodes was expected. Furthermore, differences in the population of livestock animals in the two regions are important in the rate of infestation to nematodes. In conclusion, the results of the study denoted that even approve the anthelminthic drugs in the livestock animals, the rate of infestation to GI nematodes is high. Also, the results of this survey are showed that a positive correlation is between EPG and the mean of humidity and this is important that treatment and prophylaxis are needed to decrease the risk of the disease. This research serves as a baseline for future studies on prognosis and prophylaxis of GI nematodes. These regional differences appeared to be systematic and can be ascribed to differences in applied pasture management and climatic conditions, and cause a need for regionally adapted monitoring and control systems. Keywords: Sheep, Nematode, EPG, Correlation, Humidity. Infections with gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes severely affect small ruminant health and compromise their productivity and reproductive performances and can be a major cause of economic losses in small ruminant production. High burden of infections with nematodes may lead to death; and under field conditions, most infections are usually mixed consisting of different species of nematodes. Sheep and goats are infected with gastrointestinal nematodes while grazing and the biology of the infective larvae on the pastures is important in planning effective control programs. In general, the development of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes is largely dependent on temperature, with development rate increasing at warmer temperatures, while moisture is also required for the development cycle to proceed. Temperature also influences grass growth and hence exposure independently of larval development and survival. East Azerbaijan province in terms of livestock animal population in particular sheep breeding is one of the most important provinces of Iran and due to the amount of rainfall is susceptible to worm’s contamination in livestock animal. In this survey, fecal samples of 5934 sheep in 19 cities in East Azerbaijan, from 2002-2009 were examined by the Clayton-Lane method. Briefly, a sample of feces, 1-5 g, was well mixed with water (about 30-50 ml) and strained through a sieve (1 mm mesh) to remove coarse fecal material. The mixture was sedimented for 10-15 minutes on the bench, or by light centrifugation for two or three occasions, until the supernatant was clear. The sediment was then mixed with a saturated solution of sugar in a centrifuge tube (15 ml volume) and centrifuged for one or two minutes at 500 g. The egg floated and coverslips were placed on the tubes in centrifuge and after 5 min the samples were examined for the presence of eggs at 100x and 400x magnifications under the light microscope and the number eggs of Nematodirus, Marshallagia, Trichuris, unknown nematodes parasite eggs and the whole of the nematode eggs were determined in these cities by their shape and size. These data were analyzed by the SAS software. The results showed that the Kaleibar was the most infested city and the Malekan had the Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Analysis of Socio-economic Factors Affecting Happiness and Individual Labor Force Productivity: the case of Kermanshah Manufacturing Establishments
Shahram Fatahi Jahanghir Karami Mansour MohammadiradThe aim of this research is to study the socio-economic factors affecting happiness and its relationship with individual labor force productivity. The statistical population includes all of the employees who are working in the Kermanshah manufacturing establishments wit MoreThe aim of this research is to study the socio-economic factors affecting happiness and its relationship with individual labor force productivity. The statistical population includes all of the employees who are working in the Kermanshah manufacturing establishments with 50 employees or more. Each establishment was assigned as a layer, and the simple random sampling method was used. The data were gathered through the Oxford Happiness, individual and demographic produativity questionnaires and were analyzed using the software SPSS and Eviews. The results showed that the variables productivity, the number of children, psychological health, optimism, and ‘interest in work’ have a positive and significant relationship with happiness, but the variable monthly income has a negative relationship with happiness. Furthermore, it has been recognized that factors such as happiness, attending training classes, job satisfaction, job security, accepting job among family members, and faith in God have a positive and significant relationship with productivity. Finally, the hypothesis of equality of the means for the variables happiness and productivity has been accepted with regard to gender difference (male/female). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Monitoring and Zoning of Drought in Southern Alborz
Porya Ghasemi Masoud Karbasi Alireza Zamani Nouri Mahdi Sarai TabriziDrought is one of the most important natural hazards and often affects the lives of many people and causes economic damage, environmental damage and social problems. This study was conducted to evaluate the drought trend, intensity and duration during 1988-2019 in relat MoreDrought is one of the most important natural hazards and often affects the lives of many people and causes economic damage, environmental damage and social problems. This study was conducted to evaluate the drought trend, intensity and duration during 1988-2019 in relation to the existing climates in the southern Alborz region. To describe droughts in 3, 6, 12 and 24-month time scales, two drought indices, namely standardized precipitation index (SPI) and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) were used. In the case of SPEI, evapotranspiration was an important factor in monitoring drought. Therefore, (HS) method was used to calculate evapotranspiration. Drought intensity and duration maps were presented for SPI and SPEI. The correlation between SPI and SPEI was also examined. In the present results, unlike humid climates, SPI does not have a good correlation with SPEI in extremely arid and arid climates and shows the importance of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) to identify drought in these areas and the index (SPEI) has more accurate monitoring results. Relative to the index (SPI). In addition, drought intensity maps for (SPI) and (SPEI) have shown that the region is experiencing very dry conditions and water resources are affected by intense drought in the short and medium term. Short-term drought in the east of the region (Zanjan) and long-term drought in the center and west of the region (Garmsar, Semnan, Karaj, Tehran) have been more. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Analyzing the spatial changes of the minimum temperature of the eastern basins of Iran and its relationship with Teleconnections patterns of sea surface temperature
Amir GandomkarTemperature changes are one of the most important issues of human life in recent years and it is known as the most important manifestation of climate change in the current century. The current study was conducted with the aim of investigating the minimum temperature cha MoreTemperature changes are one of the most important issues of human life in recent years and it is known as the most important manifestation of climate change in the current century. The current study was conducted with the aim of investigating the minimum temperature changes in the eastern basins of Iran and its relationship with the sea surface temperature teleconnections patterns. In this regard, the monthly minimum temperature data of Mashhad, Sarakhs, Birjand, Zabol, Zahedan and Saravan stations and the data of 14 teleconnections patterns of sea surface temperature changes during the statistical period of 1987-2019 were used. At first, minimum temperature changes were investigated using new methods of spatial statistics and hot spot analysis. Then, the relationship between the studied variables was checked using Pearson's correlation test and linear regression. The results show that in all months, hot spots were observed in the southern and eastern areas of the basin and cold spots were observed in the northern and western areas of the basin. Hot and cold spots were observed in May more than other months and hot spots covered 31.87% of the study area and cold spots covered 32.58%. Correlation of the studied parameters also showed that in terms of time, the patterns of distant connection with the minimum temperature of January showed more correlation than other months. In contrast, there was no correlation in the months of June and November. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Continuity analysis of spatial (spatial) dust patterns in Kermanshah province
Mohammad Parvin Haasan Lashkari Reza Borna Mostafa Karam PourThe phenomenon of dust has become one of the natural hazards in the country today; A phenomenon that affects natural and human conditions with its harmful effects in various ways. Therefore, in this study, the continuity of dust spatial patterns in Kermanshah was invest MoreThe phenomenon of dust has become one of the natural hazards in the country today; A phenomenon that affects natural and human conditions with its harmful effects in various ways. Therefore, in this study, the continuity of dust spatial patterns in Kermanshah was investigated and analyzed. For this purpose, dust statistics of 12 synoptic stations of the province during the statistical period 1987 to 2017 were obtained from the Meteorological Organization and after creating databases to identify the spatial patterns of dust in the province, the Moran spatial index (I) was used. Linear regression trend analysis was also used to examine the trend of changes. The results showed that the maximum incidence of dust in the province is mostly limited to the western half and the minimum incidence is more related to the eastern half of the province. Also, most of the persistence of dust in the province has been observed in the areas adjacent to the Iraqi border, which indicates that the dust of the province is trans-local. The results of spatial autocorrelation patterns also showed that the occurrence of two and ten days continuity in the western half of the province, ie Qasr Shirin and Sarpol-e-Zahab regions, formed a high (positive) cluster pattern and in the eastern half of the province, ie Songhar and Harsin regions, formed a low (negative) cluster pattern. Is. Spatial patterns on a monthly scale have also experienced a situation similar to spatial patterns lasting two to ten days. Examination of the change trend also showed that on a monthly basis, except for November and December, in other months, a significant upward trend is observed at the 95% confidence level. Also, in terms of seasonality, the most intense increasing trend of dust events is related to spring and summer seasons. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Investigation of vegetation changes in different seasons using satellite image and relationship between it and temperature changes (case study: North of Darab)
Marzieh Mokarram Maliehe Mozayan Mohammad Faraji Katauon MusaviThis research is studying the herbal covering crown change using climate information, satellite pictures, morphometric characteristics and its relation with herbal covering index and drought index is done in different pasture places in North part of Darab in Fars provin MoreThis research is studying the herbal covering crown change using climate information, satellite pictures, morphometric characteristics and its relation with herbal covering index and drought index is done in different pasture places in North part of Darab in Fars province. For this purpose, Landsat satellite pictures in 3 time periods of 2005 and 2015 was chosen and processing. It used ETM+8(2015) and aster (2005) for this goal. At first for pre-processing, the mathematical and Atmospheric scanning from pictures was taken and then with regarding the type of sampling from Landsat ETM+8(2015) pictures was used for surveying the modality scale of herbal covering with herbal index. For this purpose sampling was done from 39 points of area. In this research, the temperature measure and herbal covering was done with satellite pictures and for measurement technique. For surveying herbal coverage index and climate parameters is using climate parameters from regression Analysis. The result of correlation and linear regression relation was shown that there is meaningful relation between NDVI index and temperature measurement in this area, so that with increasing the temperature amount of herbal covering index is increasing. The results were shown that there is a meaningful relation between NDVI index and temperature in study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Investigation of arid vegetation compatibility toward precipitation variation with NDVI index (a case study, Ardakan-Aghda plain)
منیرالسادات Tabatabaii Zadeh فاطمه Hadian S.Z Hosseini جلال Barkhordari حسن KhosraviDrought monitoring is a important management program, but have some limitation as economical, huge and arduous natural areas. Then nowadays have been used satellite images for drought monitoring and management of areas as fastest and low cost method. In this research ha MoreDrought monitoring is a important management program, but have some limitation as economical, huge and arduous natural areas. Then nowadays have been used satellite images for drought monitoring and management of areas as fastest and low cost method. In this research have been used NOAA satellite images and annual/seasonal precipitation data during 2005-1982 then studied effect of Precipitation on vegetation cover in a part of Yazd province (Ardakan- Aghda area). The 92 precipitation maps have been prepared For determination of precipitation value in every vegetation type by using climate data and classified by distance weighting interpolation method. The results show an alone vegetation index could not define vegetation cover of study area that necessary to used multi-regression methods with other climatic factors. Furthermore, this index is not useful for arid area because have very low correlation between INDVI index and precipitation then is necessary to use other indexes and satellite images with more quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Determination of the most important traits affecting the electrolyte leakage of wild pear (Pyrus biossieriana Buhse) under drought stress conditions using multivariate statistical methods
seyed morteza zahedi Mahdieh Karimi Farzad Kian ErsiWild pears are an important rootstock for different pear cultivars and considering it is nearly tolerant to drought stress it is necessary to use different treatments to increase its tolerance to drought stress. Electrolytes leakage is an important and effective factor MoreWild pears are an important rootstock for different pear cultivars and considering it is nearly tolerant to drought stress it is necessary to use different treatments to increase its tolerance to drought stress. Electrolytes leakage is an important and effective factor in response to drought stress and related traits. For this purpose, a factorial experiment was designed in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications to identify the traits affecting electrolytes leakage. These traits were studied in 12 treatments including different levels of drought stress and different concentrations of brassinosteroids on wild pears in spring and summer of 2017 in greenhouse conditions. The result showed a positive significant correlation between proline content (0.83**), malondialdehyde (0.98**), hydrogen peroxide and electrolyte leakage. The correlation for dry weight of root, leaf and stem, height growth, chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid was significantly negative. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that chlorophyll a, leaf dry weight, height growth and hydrogen peroxide were the most important effective traits on electrolytes leakage and showed 99% of total variance. Based on the path analysis results, the traits of electrolytes leakage and height growth and chlorophyll a showed the maximum positive direct and significant at p Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Selection of traits affecting sugar yield as selection criteion in various domestic and foreign sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cultivars
Farhang Movloudi Esmail Nabizadeh heydar aziziIn order to identify traits affecting sugar yield and determine cause and effect relationships between them, 13 different domestic and foreign sugar beet monogerm cultivars were evaluated at three different harvest time (7 October, 22 October, and 6 November) in a RCB d MoreIn order to identify traits affecting sugar yield and determine cause and effect relationships between them, 13 different domestic and foreign sugar beet monogerm cultivars were evaluated at three different harvest time (7 October, 22 October, and 6 November) in a RCB design with four replications in terms of 11 important quantitative and qualitative traits in 2018 crop season in Miandoab Agricultural Research Station. The ANOVA results showed that the difference between studied cultivars was significant for all evaluated traits at 0.01 probability level. Phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation were high for most traits, indicating relatively high variability in the studied cultivars for evaluated traits. Genetic correlation coefficients between traits showed that the highest positive and significant correlations were observed between sugar yield trait on the one hand and white sugar yield (0.88**), impure sugar content (0.71**) and white sugar content (0.65**) traits in that order, and the highest negative and significant correlation was found between sugar yield trait on the one hand and molasses sugar (-0.62**), alkalinity coefficient (-0.58**), and root potassium (-0.52**) traits, in that order. In multiple regression analysis by stepwise method, sugar content, white sugar content, α-amino nitrogen, and root yield traits were entered into the regression model, respectively, that explained %84 of the total sugar yield variations. Based on path analysis results, sugar content (1.12) and root yield (1.03) traits had the highest positive direct effect on sugar yield and thus, selection based on these traits can help us to achieve high-yielding genotypes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Comparison of quantity and quality of Phlomis olivieri essential oil in Kelardasht and Baladeh habitats, Mazandaran Province
Seyed Khadijeh Mahdavi Maedeh Yousefian Abbas EffatiOne of the medicinal plants in resort areas of Mazandaran province is Phlomis olivieri which is widely used in pharmaceutical, food and cosmetics industries. This study was investigated the essential oil compounds of Phlomis olivieri aerial parts in Baladeh (Noor) and K MoreOne of the medicinal plants in resort areas of Mazandaran province is Phlomis olivieri which is widely used in pharmaceutical, food and cosmetics industries. This study was investigated the essential oil compounds of Phlomis olivieri aerial parts in Baladeh (Noor) and Kelardasht and also investigating the effect of soil physical and chemical properties on quantitiy and quality of essential oil. Eerial parts of plants were collected and essential oil was extracted with Clevenger device and compounds were identified with GC and GC/MS. Soil samples were randomly picked and were transfered to soil science laberatory to determine physical and chemical properties. The results showed that in Baladeh region, 27 compounds were identified which comprise 92.04 percent of total essential oil volume. At Kelardasht site, 26 compounds were identified which comprise 97.43 percent of total essential oil volume. The highest compounds in both regions were: Alpha- pinene, Beta-Caryophyllene, (E)-Beta-Farnesence, Germacrene- D, Germacrene– B and Beta-Eudesmol. Average essential oil efficiency in Baladeh and Kelardasht sites were 0.35 and 0.75, respectively which the highest essential oil amount was achieved in Kelardasht region. There was positive correlation between essential oil yield and saturation percentage and soil absorbable nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium explaining that with increasing these elements, essential oil yield was increased. Also, positive and significant correlation was observed between essential oil yield and organic carbon and matter percent at probability of 5 percent. Negative and significant correlation was found between essential oil efficiency and pH at probability of 1 percent which means that the lower essential oil with increment in this factor. Due to the Kelardasht has a higher yield of essential oil and also the percentage of essential oil compounds than Baladeh, the use of Phlomis olivieri is recommended in Kelardasht for cultivation and also for more production of these compounds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Investigating agrotechnological features affecting sugar yield of Beta vulgaris L. in different planting dates for cultivar selection in northwest of Iran
Esmail Nabizadeh Farhang Movloudi Heydar AziziIn order to identify the agrotechnological features on sugar yield and determine the cause and effect relationships between them, 13 different domestic and foreign monogerm varieties of sugar beet were evaluated in a completely randomized design with four replications i MoreIn order to identify the agrotechnological features on sugar yield and determine the cause and effect relationships between them, 13 different domestic and foreign monogerm varieties of sugar beet were evaluated in a completely randomized design with four replications in terms of 11 important quantitative and qualitative traits in the station Miandoab Agricultural Research Station during three different harvest dates (October 15, October 30, and November 15) in the crop year 2017. The results of analysis of variance showed that the differences between the studied cultivars in terms of all evaluated traits were significant at p≤0.01. Phenotypic and genotypic diversity coefficients were high for most of the traits, which indicates relatively high diversity in the studied cultivars for the evaluated traits. The genetic correlation coefficients between the traits showed that the highest positive and significant correlation was between the sugar yield trait and the pure sugar yield traits (0.88), gross sugar percentage (0.71), and pure sugar percentage (0.65) in this order while there was a negative and significant correlation between the sugar yield trait and the traits of molasses sugar content (-0.62), alkalinity coefficient (-0.58), and root potassium content (-0.52). In the step-by-step multiple regression analysis, sugar percentage traits, gross sugar percentage, harmful nitrogen content and root yield were entered into the regression model in that order, which justified 84% of the total sugar yield. Based on the results of causality analysis, the traits of gross sugar percentage (1.12) and root yield (1.03) respectively had the most direct effect on sugar yield, so selection based on these traits can help us achieve the genotypes with high sugar yields. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Path analysis of grain yield, its components, and some morphological characterstics in spring safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
محمدرضا Dadashi, علیرضا Ahmadzade ابوالقاسم Mohammadi BandarKheyli بهرام AlizadeIn order to study the correlation between grain yield and its components with some morphological characterstics, an experiment was conducted at the research station of Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University–Shabestar Branch in 2005. This experiment was ar MoreIn order to study the correlation between grain yield and its components with some morphological characterstics, an experiment was conducted at the research station of Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University–Shabestar Branch in 2005. This experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications, and 15 traits were measured. The results of analysis of variance showed that significant difference exist among genotypes in almost traits. Positive and significant relationships were found among grain yield with plant height, hectoliter weight, biological yield and oil yield but non-significant relationship was seen among grain yield with number of head per plant and oil percentage. Stepwise regression and path coefficient analysis of grain yield as dependent variables indicated that plant height, number of seeds per head, 100-seed weight and hectoliter weight had positive and a high effect on the grain yield. The greatest effect was related to the 100-seed weight (0.352) and the least effect was from the number of head per plant (0.138) on grain yield. The main head weight and number of seed per head impacts the most changes on 100-seed weight. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Investigation of variation and determination of genetic distance among 25 genotypes of spring safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
آزاد Khalili Mosavi رضا Taghizadeh, حمید Khazaei A.H Omidi TabriziSafflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is one of the plants which has a high adaptation to different conditions such as resistance to drought and it is suited to be grown in arid and semi-arid regions. In this experiment, 25 genotypes of spring safflower including Iranian MoreSafflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is one of the plants which has a high adaptation to different conditions such as resistance to drought and it is suited to be grown in arid and semi-arid regions. In this experiment, 25 genotypes of spring safflower including Iranian local genotyps and foreign cultivars were evaluated in a simple lattice Design (5x5) in 2004-2005 in Karaj. Different traits studied include: head number each plant, seeds each head, plant height, number of secondary branches, days to flowering, days to maturity, oil percentage, 1000 seed weight, seed and oil yields. The results showed that there were significant differences among the genotypes for all traits. The highest seed and oil yields belonged to I.L.111 and T.N.612-A.Seed yield had positive and significant relationships with head number each plant, number of secondary branches, days to flowering, biomass and oil yields. Cluster analysis using Ward's method and Euclidian distances, classified the 25 genotype into three clusters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Evaluating the morphological indicies effective on yield and yield component in different cotton genotypes
محمدرضا Dadashi برزو KazeraniThe interrelationships between the seed cotton yield with to traits of 8 cotton cultivars were studied at plant Institiute, Gorgan, Iran in 2004. The experimental design was randomized complete block design with four replications. The correlations between remaining char MoreThe interrelationships between the seed cotton yield with to traits of 8 cotton cultivars were studied at plant Institiute, Gorgan, Iran in 2004. The experimental design was randomized complete block design with four replications. The correlations between remaining characteres in yield were calculated. Stepwise regression and path analysis showed that, yield in first harvest, number of monopodial branchs, yield in second harvest could explain the maximum of variations of yield (R2=0/963). The yield in first harvest had the highest direct effects on yield/plant (P=1/087). Due to their high direct and or indirect effects on yield, yield in first harvest and yield in second harvest can be used as selection criteria to identify the high yielding genotypes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Spatial distribution of green spaces and Prioritization of land Suitability for optimal Site Selection of Park (Case Study: Ardebil City)
ابراهیم فیروزی مجنده بهرام ایمانی رضا کانونیUrban green space is among the most significant land uses which has been referred to as the lungs of cities. Since the main objectives of urban planning are health, comfort, and beauty, site selection of urban green space is regarded as one of the most important element MoreUrban green space is among the most significant land uses which has been referred to as the lungs of cities. Since the main objectives of urban planning are health, comfort, and beauty, site selection of urban green space is regarded as one of the most important elements of the urban environment having a large contribution to space utility and amenity for citizens. So, paying special attention to space – spatial organization of this use is an essential step in ensuring the welfare of citizens. The aim of the present study is practical- developmental taking advantage of a descriptive and analytical method. Here, using the tools available in the ARC GIS 10.3 software and the analytical means of the GeoDa software, an analysis of the spatial distribution of green space use in urban areas of Ardebil city is presented, and ultimately, it has been attempted to provide solutions for optimization of the status quo. In this study, the library – field research method were used to gather the basic required data. Moreover, Moran’s Bivariate correlation index (Moran’s I) is used to analyze the spatial distribution of green spaces, the relationship between the per capita green space distribution with the population density of the areas, and the rate of the green space area with the area of each region is assessed. The analytical results of the Bivariate Moran’s I indicated a negative spatial autocorrelation (Li) between population density and per capita green space in the regions of Ardebil city. The analysis of the relationship between the area of the green spaces and the urban areas of Ardebil showed no significant relationship between them. In other words, an increased population density and urban area of Ardebil could not improve its per capita and the green space use area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Detection of Heat Islands over Arak City Based on Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis
Mohammad Ghasem TorkashvandThe assessment of urban heat islands is considered as a key variable in the studies of environmental sciences because modeling the interactions of the land surface flux can best respond to many urban problems of modern societies. This study aimed to detect heat islands MoreThe assessment of urban heat islands is considered as a key variable in the studies of environmental sciences because modeling the interactions of the land surface flux can best respond to many urban problems of modern societies. This study aimed to detect heat islands over Arak city and their clustering was done. For this purpose, the satellite images of Landsat 8 (OLI and TIRS) related to August for three consecutive years 2013, 2014 and 2015 were taken from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Site. For the extraction of Urban Heat Islands (UHI) values of Land Surface Temperatures (LST), Moran's autocorrelation functions and hot spot analyses by MATLAB and Arc GIS capabilities were used. After land surface temperature (LST) calculation, hot and cold clusters of heat islands over Arak were extracted using the hot spot analysis index. To evaluate the factors affecting on the formation and clustering of heat islands in Arak NDVI and NDBI indices were used. The results showed that there is a high correlation between the two parameters, vegetation and urban built areas with land surface temperature so that the vegetation index has moderated and urban built areas has exacerbated the heat islands over Arak city. Comparative assessment of urban heat islands led to the detection of two types of heat islands over Arak: Focal heat islands and the linear heat islands. Moran's spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed that the land surface temperature has spatial structure in Arak; in other words, land surface temperature is distributed in clusters in Arak. Finally, analysis of hot spots is a clear confirmation on focus and clustering of heat islands over Arak by increasing the time period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Analyses of Changes in Spatial Patterns in Temperature Heat Islands of Esfahan Province
Mehdi Asadi Mohammad BaaghidehThis study was fulfilled aiming at the identification of spatial and temporal changes of temperature islands in Isfahan province First, a data basis of the highest and lowest net-based temperature and a committee were founded in Isfahan. Using the data of the basis, a s MoreThis study was fulfilled aiming at the identification of spatial and temporal changes of temperature islands in Isfahan province First, a data basis of the highest and lowest net-based temperature and a committee were founded in Isfahan. Using the data of the basis, a statistical period of 35 years from 1980 to 2014 was chosen as the basis of the study and a geo with dimensions of 18 by 18 kilometers was spread on the area understudy. In order to access the during-year changes of the temperature islands of Isfahan, modern methods of spatial statistics such as Moran's I autocorrelation and hotspots in GIS environment were used. The results of the study showed that the changes of spatial and temporal in temperature islands of Isfahan possess a high cluster pattern. Based on the local Moran’s indicator and hotspot, the temperature islands of the east and north of the province have a positive spatial autocorrelation while the west and southwest areas have negative spatial correlation. During the study 41.45 of the province has not had any meaningful pattern or spatial autocorrelation. It was also shown that the temperature islands are controlled and affected by the local factors which control the space as well as the outside factors which control the time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Analysis and Explaining the Correlation Pattern between Dimensions and Indicators of Viability in Zahedan
Younes Shahnavazi Mahmoud Reza Anvari Maryam Karimian BostaniSustainability is one of the new approaches defined in the system of urban studies that is fully in line with sustainable development. Indeed, the biodiversity approach focuses on the overall health of an urban system. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze MoreSustainability is one of the new approaches defined in the system of urban studies that is fully in line with sustainable development. Indeed, the biodiversity approach focuses on the overall health of an urban system. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze and explain the correlation pattern between dimensions and indicators of viability in Zahedan. The qualitative and quantitative methods as well as applied research, software such as LISREL, SPSS, and factor analysis were used to analyze the obtained data. The results of the Kayser-Meier and Walkin (KMO) criterion showed that with a significance level of less than 0.05, factor analysis is significant to identify the structure and factor model. The results of LISREL software show a good proportion of data biodiversity dimensions. The second-order factor analysis also showed, that all factor loadings are meaningful and support the indicators and components well. The results of the study showed a correlation matrix of viability, the viability of the highest correlation between the size of the urban environment and urban infrastructure facilities, and a correlation coefficient of 0.81. It can also be concluded that the correlation coefficient between the components is of a high significance level of 0.000. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Relationship between L2 Learners' Autonomy and Their Cognitive Style: Reflectivity in Focus
Raheleh Salimian Omid Tabatabaei -
Open Access Article
133 - A Typological study of Gilaki (Northern language of Iran) based on Dryer's word order correlation
tina chahar sooghi aminTypology is a branch of linguistics studies which, regardless of their background, focuses on the structural similarities between different languages; in order to establish a basis for categorizing and classifying the following languages and essentially has a fundamenta MoreTypology is a branch of linguistics studies which, regardless of their background, focuses on the structural similarities between different languages; in order to establish a basis for categorizing and classifying the following languages and essentially has a fundamental difference with languages historical comparison. Typological studies focus on language universals and establishing the languages class regarding these universals. Systematic study of language variation is the main objective of these studies. Meanwhile Dryer's group of the twenty-four word order correlation is one of the basic universals in word order survey. Typological study of Iran's local languages aside of better understanding, has an important role in cognitive perspective of their rich history. In the following research with emphasizing on the fact that classes will not be decisive in determine, it is tried to classify the mentioned language in the comparison of Persian Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Measurement of Residual Stress in Composites Using Central Hole Drilling and Digital Image Correlation Methods
Peyman Ghasemi Tamami Davood Akbari Farid Azadi -
Open Access Article
135 - A New Estimation Method of Parallel Power Transformers Expected Failure Cost
Hadi Shams solari Behroz Majidi Majid MoazzamiRisk level evaluation of power systems and reduction of its related destructive effects costs have been transformed to one of the basic challenges in power industry’s operation and scheduling. In this paper a new method for mathematical modeling of failure correla MoreRisk level evaluation of power systems and reduction of its related destructive effects costs have been transformed to one of the basic challenges in power industry’s operation and scheduling. In this paper a new method for mathematical modeling of failure correlation of parallel transformers using Poisson process and multi-Gaussian Copula function is presented. In this method, by using computation of selected reliability indices and related costs, a modeling method for estimation of expectation value of failure cost of parallel transformers with failure correlation and also cost of annual risk of power system has been proposed. According to the capability of production of stage-gate process of the system real mode and failure correlation and probability of parallel transformers, sequential Monte Carlo method for calculation of system’s reliability indices and related costs estimation has been employed. Simulation results of the proposed method show that annual increase of failure correlation probability of parallel transformers in power stations, will lead to increase of expectation value of their failure, level and cost of power system’s risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Improving Diagnosis of Heart Disease by Analyzing Chaotic Indices of ECG Signals
Ali Tamizi Mohammad Ataei Mohammad Reza YazdchiElectrocardiogram (ECG) signals are the most popular non-invasive approach for diagnosis of heart irregularities and indications of possible heart diseases. Previous studies have shown that ECG signals do not have a linear distribution and contain a variety of non-linea MoreElectrocardiogram (ECG) signals are the most popular non-invasive approach for diagnosis of heart irregularities and indications of possible heart diseases. Previous studies have shown that ECG signals do not have a linear distribution and contain a variety of non-linear dimensions. In the present research we have treated the ECG signals as time-series data and applied chaos indices analysis. Utilizing data from MIT_BIH Database, the present study has improved the past research by analysing chaotic indices such as Lyapunov Exponent (λmax), and Correlation Dimension to ECG signal data from healthy individuals and heart patients. We present appropriate algorithms for reconstruction of Phase Space and estimations of the model parameters using Lyapunov Exponent and CorrelationDimension.We then present the results from reconstruction of Phase Space based on chaotic indices, and fuzzy classifier, to discriminate healthy individuals (NSR) from the heart patients.The heart patients include those with Arterial Fibrillation (AF) and those with Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB). These results ascertain the effectiveness of application of chaotic distribution to ECG data in improving the heart disease diagnosis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - The Relationship between Social Responsibility And Company Image, Brand Image and Customer Purchase Intention
Habibeh Nazari Elham Fazeli VeisariThe Relationship between Social Responsibility And Company Image, Brand Image and Customer Purchase IntentionThe purpose of this study was to investigating the relationship between corporate social responsibility and the purchase intention given the mediating role of co MoreThe Relationship between Social Responsibility And Company Image, Brand Image and Customer Purchase IntentionThe purpose of this study was to investigating the relationship between corporate social responsibility and the purchase intention given the mediating role of corporate image and brand image in the Dairy Sabah Company. The study was conducted using descriptive / survey and correlation method. Statistical society consists of all Sabah dairy products customers in the Golestan province. The A total of 384 sample was selected. A standard questionnaire was used for data collection and its reliability was calculated using the Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis was conducted using the structural equation modeling with Lisrel software. The results showed a significant positive relationship between corporate social responsibility and purchase intention. Also corporate image and brand image significantly mediate the relationship between corporate social responsibility and customer purchase intention.Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Purchase Intention, Corporate Image, Brand Image Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Fermatean Fuzzy Type Statistical Concepts with Medical Decision-Making Application
Murat Kirisci -
Open Access Article
139 - روش بهینه جدید در شناسایی مدل سری زمانی و مشکلات ان
احمدرضا زنبوری کریم زارعدر مدل خودبازگشتی-میانگین متحرک (arima) شناسایی مدل یکی از مراحل پیچیده می باشد . این مرحله بخصوص برای مدل های امیخته پیچیده تر می باشد . در این مقاله ابتدا روش باکس جنکینز را شرح داده و سپس به مشکل شناسایی مدل در این روش می پردازیم و در ادامه به بررسی مشکل باقیمانده ها Moreدر مدل خودبازگشتی-میانگین متحرک (arima) شناسایی مدل یکی از مراحل پیچیده می باشد . این مرحله بخصوص برای مدل های امیخته پیچیده تر می باشد . در این مقاله ابتدا روش باکس جنکینز را شرح داده و سپس به مشکل شناسایی مدل در این روش می پردازیم و در ادامه به بررسی مشکل باقیمانده ها در مدل های سری زمانی می پردازیم . با استفاده از این روش بهینه این مشکلات را حل می کنیم . روش استفاده شده در این مقاله در زمینه زمان و سرعت ، برتری مطلوبی نسبت به روش باکس جنکینز را دارا می باشد . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Comparison of in vitro Fermentation with in situ Degradation to Estimate Dry Matter Degradability and Energy Protein Synchronization of Roughage Based Diets
م. آیونگ ی.ی. کیاوت م.ت. هتون ک.س. میو آ. آیونگ -
Open Access Article
141 - تخمین پارامترهای ژنتیکی صفات رشد و ابعاد بدن در سنین مختلف در گوسفندان نژاد ماکویی ایران
ش. ورکوهی ح. بانی-سعادت س. رزاق-زادههدف از مطالعه اخیر تخمین وراثتپذیری و همبستگی­های ژنتیکی و فنوتیپی بین صفات وزن و ابعاد بدن در گوسفندان نژاد ماکویی ایران میباشد. دادههای مورد استفاده از ایستگاه پرورش گوسفند ماکویی (استان آذربایجان غربی) بین سالهای 1368 تا 1392 جمع­آوری شد. دادهها شامل صفا Moreهدف از مطالعه اخیر تخمین وراثتپذیری و همبستگی­های ژنتیکی و فنوتیپی بین صفات وزن و ابعاد بدن در گوسفندان نژاد ماکویی ایران میباشد. دادههای مورد استفاده از ایستگاه پرورش گوسفند ماکویی (استان آذربایجان غربی) بین سالهای 1368 تا 1392 جمع­آوری شد. دادهها شامل صفات وزن بدن و ابعاد بدن (طول بدن، دور سینه، ارتفاع از جدوگاه، ارتفاع از کفل، و دور ران) در سنین 6، 12 و 18 ماهگی به ترتیب 400، 900 و 350 رکورد بود. آنالیز دادهها با استفاده از مدل حیوانی چند صفتی از طریق نرم افزار DFREML انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که تخمین وراثت­پذیری برای وزن و ابعاد بدن در سن 12 ماهگی کمتر از 6 و 18 ماهگی بود، بطوریکه از سن 6 تا 12 ماهگی کاهش، سپس تا 18 ماهگی افزایش یافت. در سن 6 ماهگی بیشترین و کمترین همبستگی ژنتیکی بین وزن بدن با ارتفاع از جدوگاه و دور ران بود و کمترین و بیشترین همبستگی فنوتیپی بین وزن بدن با ارتفاع از کفل و دور ران بود. همبستگی­های ژنتیکی و فنوتیپی بین وزن بدن و ابعاد بدن در 6 ماهگی تقریباً بالا بود ولی این همبستگی­ها با صفت دور ران پایین بود. بطورکلی همبستگی­های ژنتیکی در سن 12 ماهگی بیشتر از همبستگی­های فنوتیپی بود. همبستگی­های ژنتیکی بین وزن بدن و ابعاد بدن در سن 18 ماهگی متوسط به بالا بود و بیشترین همبستگی ژنتیکی بین وزن بدن و طول بدن یافت شد. همبستگی مثبت بین وزن بدن و ابعاد بدن در سنین مختلف نشان داد که انتخاب برای ابعاد بدن باعث بهبود وزن بدن میشود. Manuscript profile -
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142 - اثر سویه، سن و ارتباط بین کیفیت خارجی و داخلی تخم مرغ در دو سویه از طیور تخمگذار در مناطق جلگهای گینه شمالی در نیجریه
ام. کبیر آر.اُ. سلیمان آر.کا. ادریس اس.بی. آبدو اُ.ام. دائودو اس.ام. یاشیم ام.آر. حسن اچ.وای. آدامو ان.ام. اچه تی.اس. اُلوگبمی آی.آی. آددیبوآزمایشی برای تعیین تفاوت­های موجود در وزن بدن (BW)، مصرف خوراک (FI) و برخی از صفات تولید تخم دو سویه از طیور تخمگذار (ایسا بران و نرا بلاک) و تعیین همبستگی بین صفات مورد بررسی صورت گرفت. مطالعه در سن 26 هفتگی مرغان تخمگذار آغاز شد و مجموع 200 مرغ (100 مرغ از هر سو Moreآزمایشی برای تعیین تفاوت­های موجود در وزن بدن (BW)، مصرف خوراک (FI) و برخی از صفات تولید تخم دو سویه از طیور تخمگذار (ایسا بران و نرا بلاک) و تعیین همبستگی بین صفات مورد بررسی صورت گرفت. مطالعه در سن 26 هفتگی مرغان تخمگذار آغاز شد و مجموع 200 مرغ (100 مرغ از هر سویه) مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. 60 تخم مرغ تازه (30 تخم از هر سویه) در هفته­های 26، 32 و 38 تخمگذاری جمع آوری شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس اثر اصلی سویه، تفاوت­های معنیدار (05/0>P) در BW را نشان می­دهد که ایسا بران (IB) دارای وزن سنگین­تری (1978 گرم) نسبت به نرا بلاک (NB) بود (1887 گرم). در هر حال، سویه بر FI اثری نداشت. مقادیر صفات کیفیت خارجی تخم مرغ برای وزن تخم مرغ، وزن پوسته تخم مرغ و ضخامت پوسته تخم مرغ به ترتیب به صورت 06/58 گرم در مقابل 26/54 گرم، 4/5 گرم در مقابل 00/5 گرم و 44/0 میلیمتر در مقابل 31/0 میلیمتر بود که مقادیر مربوطه برای سویه IB بیشتر بود. درحالیکه مقادیر صفات کیفیت داخلی تخم مرغ برای وزن سفیده، وزن زرده و ارتفاع زرده به ترتیب به صورت 46/36 گرم در مقابل 60/33 گرم، 60/15 گرم در مقابل 26/12 گرم و 86/1 سانتیمتر در مقابل 62/1 سانتیمتر بود که مقادیر مربوطه برای سویه IB بیشتر بود. صفات دیگر (طول تخم مرغ، عرض تخم مرغ، ارتفاع سفیده و واحد هاو) به وسیله سویه تحت تأثیر قرار نگرفتند. اثر اصلی سن نشان داد که بیشتر صفات داخلی و خارجی تخم مرغ با افزایش سن مرغ­های تخمگذار کاهش یافت. وزن زرده با افزایش سن مرغ­های تخمگذار افزایش یافت که این مطلب اشاره ضمنی به این موضوع دارد که تخم مرغ­های پرندگان جوان­تر دارای مقدار کلسترول کمتری هستند. تجزیه همبستگی برای بیشتر صفات مورد مطالعه مثبت بود. BW به طور مثبت و معنی­داری (05/0>P) با FI (73/0) و وزن تخم مرغ (54/0) همبسته بود. نتیجه گرفته می­شود که سن از نظر عددی بیشتر صفات کیفیت مورد مطالعه را کاهش داد، درحالیکه سویه اثر معنی­داری بر BW داشت و برخی از صفات کیفیت تخم مرغ در سویه ایسا بران دارای عملکرد بهتری نسبت به سویه نرا بلاک در مناطق جلگه­ای منطقه گینه شمالی در نیجریه هستند. Manuscript profile -
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143 - Genetic Study of Dairy Cattle and Buffalo Bulls Based on Growth, Milk Production and Reproductive Traits
A. Pal P.N. Chatterjee A.K. Chakravarty -
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144 - Genetic and Phenotypic Parameters for Milk Production Traits in the First and Second Lactation in Romanian Simmental Dairy Cows
E. Nistor V.A. Bampidis M. Pentea M. Matiuti V. Ciolac F. Adebambo -
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145 - The Estimation of Body Weight from Body Measurements in Kilakarsal Sheep of Tamil Nadu, India
T. Ravimurugan A.K. Thiruvenkadan K. Sudhakar S. Panneerselvam A. Elango -
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146 - (کو)واریانس ژنتیکی بین سن از اولین تا سومین گوسالهزایی و مقدار شیر گاوهای هلشتاین در مناطق گرمسیری
جی.ال. اسپینوزا-ویلاویسنسیو آ. پلاسیوس-اسپینوسا آ. منندز-بوکسادرامجموعهای از 245187 رکورد از سه دوره شیردهی اول 131126 گاو هلشتاین در شرایط گرمسیری برای برآورد مولفههای (کو)واریانس ژنتیکی بین سن در زمان گوسالهزایی و تولید شیر مربوطه آنها استفاده شد. یک آنالیز چند متغییره از 6 صفت انجام شد. وراثتپذیری برای سن در زمان گوسالهزایی ( Moreمجموعهای از 245187 رکورد از سه دوره شیردهی اول 131126 گاو هلشتاین در شرایط گرمسیری برای برآورد مولفههای (کو)واریانس ژنتیکی بین سن در زمان گوسالهزایی و تولید شیر مربوطه آنها استفاده شد. یک آنالیز چند متغییره از 6 صفت انجام شد. وراثتپذیری برای سن در زمان گوسالهزایی (h2AC) و مقدار شیر (h2MY) از اولین دوره شیردهی (h2AC1=0.254±0.007; h2MY1=0.198±0.003) به دومین دوره شیردهی (h2AC2=0.242±0.006; h2MY2=0.184±0.003) و سومین دوره شیردهی (h2AC3=0.232±0.006; h2MY3=0.168±0.008) کاهش داشت. همبستگیهای ژنتیکی (rg) بین AC1; AC2 و AC3 و بین MY1; MY2 و MY3 بالا و مثبت بودند؛ اگرچه، rg بین سن در زمان گوسالهزایی و تولید شیر متوسط اما منفی بودند. دو مقدار ویژه اول برای 83 درصد از واریانس ژنتیکی کل 6 صفت محاسبه شد. بردارهای ویژه متناظر به عنوان فاکتورهای وزنی استفاده شدند، و دو ارزش اصلاحی (EBV) بر اساس این مؤلفهها برآورد شدند، اجازه میدهند آن پدرانی که سن در زمان گوسالهزایی را کاهش ومقدار شیر را در دخترانشان افزایش میدهند شناسایی شوند. یک رویکرد جدید برای برآورد یک معادل فاصله گوسالهزایی (CIeq) براساس تفاوتهای بین EBV پدر برای دو گوسالهزایی پیاپی توسعه داده شد. Manuscript profile -
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147 - همبستگی بین صفات رشد و تولید در نژادهای مختلف بز
ر. خانداکر م.ک.ای. خان م.م. ممیناین مطالعه با هدف برآورد همبستگی­های ژنتیکی و فنوتیپی بین اندازه­های بدنی، وزن بدن، فاصله زایش، نرخ زایش و تولید شیر در نژادهای مختلف بز صورت گرفته است. داده­ها از 95 رأس بز از سه نژاد (جاموناپوری، بنگال سیاه و آمیخته­های آنها (جاموناپوری×بنگال سیا Moreاین مطالعه با هدف برآورد همبستگی­های ژنتیکی و فنوتیپی بین اندازه­های بدنی، وزن بدن، فاصله زایش، نرخ زایش و تولید شیر در نژادهای مختلف بز صورت گرفته است. داده­ها از 95 رأس بز از سه نژاد (جاموناپوری، بنگال سیاه و آمیخته­های آنها (جاموناپوری×بنگال سیاه)) با مشاهده و اندازه­گیری مستقیم جمع­آوری گردید. میانگین وزن بدن در بزهای جاموناپوری برابر با 33/3 ± 75/34 کیلوگرم بوده که بیشتر از بنگال سیاه (332/5±54/27 کیلوگرم) است. مشاهدات حاکی از آن است که بز جاموناپوری با تولید شیر 187/0 ± 65/0 لیتر در هر روز، تولید بیشتری در مقایسه با بنگال سیاه (094/0±50/0 لیتر در هر روز) داشته و این موضوع ناشی از طول دوره شیردهی طولاتی­تر در این نژاد است. نرخ زایش و فاصله زایش در جاموناپوری به ترتیب برابر با 466/0 ± 33/1 و 19/11 ± 27/233 روز بوده، در آمیخته­ها به ترتیب برابر با 555/0 ± 475/1 و 23/17 ± 94/247 روز و در بنگال سیاه به ترتیب 75/1 و 57/16 ± 83/160 روز بوده است. برآورد وراثت­پذیری برای وزن بدن، تولید شیر و تولید شیر در طی دوره شیردهی برای همه نژادهای بز به ترتیب 29/0 تا 32/0، 25/0 تا 20/0 و 30/0 تا 32/0 بوده است. همبستگی ژنتیکی (rg) و همبستگی فنوتیپی (rp) وزن بدن با همه صفات به غیر از همبستگی ژنتیکی با تولید شیر در طی دوره شیردهی، مثبت بوده است. طول بدن همبستگی فنوتیپی مثبتی با تولید در طی دوره شیردهی داشته و همبستگی ژنتیکی منفی با تولید شیر و تولید در طی دوره شیردهی داشته است. ارتفاع بدن همبستگی فنوتیپی منفی با نرخ زایش، فاصله زایش، تولید شیر و تولید در طی دوره شیردهی داشته و همبستگی ژنتیکی مثبت تنها با فاصله زایش در همه نژادها داشته است. همبستگی­های مثبت و بالا (هم ژنتیکی و هم فنوتیپی) پیش­بینی­ کننده­های مهمی برای صفات اصلاحی هستند. بنابراین این همبستگی­ها می­توانند ابزارهای ارزشمندی در طراحی راهبردهای انتخاب یا حذف برای کارآیی بهبود یافته بزها باشند. Manuscript profile -
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148 - همبستگیهای فنوتیپی در کیفیت گوشت سینه و برخی از معیارهای آسایش: ملاحظات مدت و شدت روشنایی
ای. درلی فیدان آ. نازلیگول م.ک. تورکییلماز اس. آنوپول آیپک ف. سویل کیلیمسی اس. کاراارسلان م. کایاهدف از این پژوهش برآورد همبستگی­های فنوتیپی بین صفات مختلف کیفیت گوشت، وزن بخش­های مختلف لاشه، برخی از پارامترهای خونی و ابعاد چشم در یک لاین گوشتی نر و با هدف توضیح رابطه بین این متغیرها بوده است. دو گروه مدت روشنایی و دو گروه شدت روشنایی جوجه­های گوشتی تجا Moreهدف از این پژوهش برآورد همبستگی­های فنوتیپی بین صفات مختلف کیفیت گوشت، وزن بخش­های مختلف لاشه، برخی از پارامترهای خونی و ابعاد چشم در یک لاین گوشتی نر و با هدف توضیح رابطه بین این متغیرها بوده است. دو گروه مدت روشنایی و دو گروه شدت روشنایی جوجه­های گوشتی تجاری به عنوان تیمار به کار گرفته شدند. 272 جوجه گوشتی نر یکروزه (راس 308) به صورت تصادفی به چهار گروه تیماری (بر مبنای مدت و شدت روشنایی) با چهار تکرار تخصیص داده شدند. هشت جوجه از هر گروه برای سنجش رنگ (CIE L*a*b)، pH، کاهش در پخت و ظرفیت نگهداری آب در سن 42 روزگی به کار گرفته شدند. pH در 24 ساعت پس از کشتار (pHu) می­توانست مستقیماً با خصوصیات گوشت در ارتباط باشد. زیرا این صفت به طور معکوس با a*، قابلیت نگهداری آب و pH در 15 دقیقه بعد از کشتار (pH15) در تاریکی، گروه کاهشی (DRLI) رابطه داشته و نشاندهنده اثر کاهش pHu در طی 24 ساعت پس از کشتار روی دناتوراسیون پروتئین است. این مطالعه نشان داد که متغیرهای کیفیت گوشت مرغ مرتبط بوده و بین مقدار a*، ظرفیت نگهداری آب (WHC) و سایر خصوصیات گوشت رابطه فنوتیپی وجود دارد. pHu، مقدار a* و WHC می­توانند شاخص­های کارآمد کیفیت گوشت در لاین­های گوشتی باشند. سطح کورتیکوسترون (CORT) همبستگی مثبت معنی­داری (323/0=r، 05/0>P) با سطح گلوکز در گروه نور روشن (BLI) دارد. وزن چشم همبستگی مثبتی با همه ابعاد چشم در گروه افزایشی مدت روشنایی داشت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - مطالعه عملکرد تولیدی و تولیدمثلی جوجههای سویه رُد آیلند رِد سفید
آ.ک. داس اس. کومار آ. رحیم آ.ک. میشرااین مطالعه با هدف بررسی خصوصیات تولیدی و تولیدمثلی جوجه­های سویه رُد آیلند رِد سفید که در مؤسسه مرکزی تحقیقات طیور واقع در آیزاتناگار نگهداری و پرورش داده می­شوند، صورت گرفته است. 346 تخم مرغ نطفه­دار (بارور) در دستگاه جوجه­کشی الکتریکی قرار داده شده و 2 Moreاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی خصوصیات تولیدی و تولیدمثلی جوجه­های سویه رُد آیلند رِد سفید که در مؤسسه مرکزی تحقیقات طیور واقع در آیزاتناگار نگهداری و پرورش داده می­شوند، صورت گرفته است. 346 تخم مرغ نطفه­دار (بارور) در دستگاه جوجه­کشی الکتریکی قرار داده شده و 234 جوجه در سه هچ مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. اطلاعات عملکردی با استفاده از آنالیز حداقل مربعات واریانس تحلیل گردید. درصد تفاوت­ها در باروری، قابلیت هچ و مرده­زایی در بین هچ­های مختلف با استفاده از آزمون انحراف از نرمالیتی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. درصد باروری، تعداد کل تخم گذاشته شده و تعداد تخم بارور گذاشته شده بر مبنای قابلیت هچ، مرده­زایی جوجه و میانگین حداقل مربعات وزن جوجه، وزن بدن، بلوغ جنسی، وزن تخم و دوره تولید تخم برآورد شدند. تفاوت در هچ به شکل معنی­داری (05/0­>­P) تحت تأثیر برآوردهای باروری، تعداد کل تخم گذاشته شده بر مبنای قابلیت هچ، وزن جوجه تا وزن خانه­روی، بلوغ جنسی، تولید تخم و مرده­زایی در سن جوان­تر بود. جنسیت جوجه­ها نیز تحت تأثیر برآوردهای وزن بدن در بعد از هشت هفتگی قرار گرفت. اثر رگرسیونی معنی­دار وزن جوجه بر وزن بدن در سنین نخستین تا دوازدهمین هفته مشاهده شد (05/0­>­P). وزن جوجه رابطه معنی­داری با بلوغ جنسی و انواع برآوردهای وزن بدن و وزن تخم با ضرایب همبستگی فنوتیپی پایین تا بالا داشت. ولی با تولید تخم رابطه منفی داشته است. در بلوغ جنسی با تأخیر، وزن نیمچه­ها سبک بوده و به دنبال آن وزن و تولید تخم نیز پایین­تر بود. این خصوصیات فنومیکی را می­توان به عنوان خصوصیات این سویه نادر از جوجه­های رُد آیلند رِد (RIR) در نظر گرفت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - عملکرد هماتولوژی و همبستگی بین صفات اقتصادی جوجههای گوشتی تحت تأثیر لیزین و متیونین جیره
م. بویه ا.ک. گوورگیانلیزین و متیونین به عنوان دو اسید آمینه ضروری اولیه و پیش ساز سنتز کارنیتین بر عملکرد بسیاری از صفات اقتصادی در حیوانات مؤثر است. در این آزمایش تأثیر لیزین و متیونین بر عملکرد، توزیع چربی، چربی عضلانی، کیفیت لاشه و همبستگی فنوتیپی به ویژه در میان برخی از پارامترهای مورد Moreلیزین و متیونین به عنوان دو اسید آمینه ضروری اولیه و پیش ساز سنتز کارنیتین بر عملکرد بسیاری از صفات اقتصادی در حیوانات مؤثر است. در این آزمایش تأثیر لیزین و متیونین بر عملکرد، توزیع چربی، چربی عضلانی، کیفیت لاشه و همبستگی فنوتیپی به ویژه در میان برخی از پارامترهای مورد مطالعه در جوجه­های گوشتی ارزیابی گردید. 300 جوجه یکروزه نر از نژاد راس 308 تحت تأثیر 5 تیمار قرار گرفتند، با 4 تکرار در هر تیمار و 15 قطعه جوجه در هر تکرار در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی. جیره پایه با 5 سطح از لیزین و متیونین تهیه شد در سطح 0، 10، 20، 30 و یا 40 درصد بالاتر از توصیه شورای تحقیقات ملی (1994NRC, ) برای دوره­های آغازین و رشد. داده­های جمع­آوری شده مورد تجزیه و تحلیل آماری با نرم افزار SAS قرار گرفته و از آزمون دانکن جهت مقایسه میانگین ها در سطح (05/0>P) استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که دو تیمار با بالاترین سطح لیزین و متیونین (30 و 40 درصد بیشتر از توصیه NRC) منجر به افزایش قابل توجهی در راندمان لاشه، شاخص تولید اروپایی (EPEF)، آلبومین خون، عضله سینه، قلب، طحال، لنفوسیت و وزن کبد شد (05/0>P)، در حالیکه FCR (ضریب تبدیل غذایی)، چربی خام سینه و ماهیچه ران و تری­گلیسرید پلاسما به میزان حداقل در دو گروه تیماری فوق بود (05/0>P). تجزیه و تحلیل آماری همچنین تعداد بسیاری از معنی­داری (در سطح 01/0>P و یا 05/0>P) ضرایب همبستگی مثبت یا منفی بین صفات مورد مطالعه را نشان داد. به عنوان مثال همبستگی مثبت بین بازده لاشه با قلب، کبد، طحال و وزن ماهیچه سینه و ارتباط منفی با FCR، چربی شکمی، تری­گلیسرید پلاسما، هتروفیل و چربی ران مشاهده شد. به عنوان یک نتیجه­گیری از مطالعه حاضر، لیزین و متیونین در سطوح بالاتر از توصیه NRC می­تواند پارامترهای مربوط به عملکرد، توزیع چربی، کیفیت لاشه و سیستم ایمنی بدن در جوجه­های گوشتی را تحت تأثیر قرار دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Evaluation of Different Estimation Methods of Reference Crop Evapotranspiration and Their Comparison with the Pan Evaporation Method case study: Islamabad-Gharb Area عنوان کوتاه
mohammad amin parandin seyed aliashraf sadraddiniAn irrigation planning is set in order to determining the soil water balance and estimation of the water future consumption based on the calculation or measuremant of the Evapotranspiration values, which providing a possibility for prediction of a real time that corresp MoreAn irrigation planning is set in order to determining the soil water balance and estimation of the water future consumption based on the calculation or measuremant of the Evapotranspiration values, which providing a possibility for prediction of a real time that corresponding to the moisture index of management Allowed Deficit (MAD) in soil. This study was conducted for evaluation different reference evapotranspiration models in Islamabad-Gharb area. for this purpose, the monthly data of Islamabad-Gharb synoptic Meteorology stations during a period of 30-year (1394-1364)were used. After restruction of the missed data and verification of the reference stations, values of the evapotranspiration were calculated with 9 valied formulas using REF-ET software. In order to determine the best method, the output values of the models were compared with evaporation pan data, using some statistical criterio. According to the results, the highest correlation coeficient (r=0.99) was obtained between the output data of the Blaney- Cradle model and evaporation pan. Also the minimum root mean square error (RMSE) values of 22.2 (mm/day) and 24.42 (mm/day) were belogend to the models of torque and Blaney- Cradle, respectively. Furthermore the highest efficiency (EF) value(0.93) was obtained for the both models of Blaney- Cradle and torque. Hence by considering the resulted minimum mean percentage error (MAPE) value (0.01) for Blaney-Cradle, this model was proposed as the most suitable model for application in the studied area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - Genetic diversity analysis of White, Red and Chiti Bean under non stress condition.
Shahab Khaghani Shohreh Khaghani Mahdi Changizi Masoud Gomariyan -
Open Access Article
153 - Predicted Increase Enrollment in Higher Education Using Neural Networks and Data Mining Techniques
Behzad Nakhkob Maryam Khademi -
Open Access Article
154 - Analysis of Quantitative and Qualitative Indicators of Housing in Orumiyeh City
esmaiel safaralizadehToday, housing not only serves as shelter for human settlements, but also as a place where most of the social, economic, and cultural needs of the population are formed and provided in residential units. But access to affordable housing is one of the most important issu MoreToday, housing not only serves as shelter for human settlements, but also as a place where most of the social, economic, and cultural needs of the population are formed and provided in residential units. But access to affordable housing is one of the most important issues in today's societies due to the rapid growth of the population and the increase in household expenses, So that With the growing of large cities, informal settlements and inappropriate housing in most urban areas have created an irrefutable perspective. Therefore, the aim of this study is to study the quantitative and qualitative indices of housing in the level of statistical blocks. The research is applied and the required information from the general census of population and housing in the range of statistical blocks (7096 blocks) for 2011 was prepared and 17 indicators were selected and evaluated by a factor analysis technique that resulted in 4 effective factors. The results of data analysis were transferred to Arc GIS10.3 software and to investigate the status of statistical blocks in terms of availability of housing indices, hot spots analysis was applied and spatial correlation technique was used to identify the distribution pattern of indicators. The results of combined factor analyze show that 31% of the blocks are very poor, 30% average, 28% are in very good condition. Based on Moran’s correlation analysis, oroumieh urban housing indices distribution pattern is a randomized cluster. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - Statistical Analysis of Air Pollutants and Atmospheric Elements and Their Relationship With The Deaths Resultant By Heart Diseases in Tehran
hossein mohamadi faramarz khoshakhlagh naser golizadehPollution of the air is amongst the most vital and complex issues in industrial civilization which has a menacing influence on the environment. Furthermore, climatic over-measurement has increased the spread of these pollutants in the atmosphere, which will consequently MorePollution of the air is amongst the most vital and complex issues in industrial civilization which has a menacing influence on the environment. Furthermore, climatic over-measurement has increased the spread of these pollutants in the atmosphere, which will consequently augment their influence on human beings and their natural ecological systems. The aim of the present study is analyzing the relationship between climatic elements and air pollution with the deaths caused by heart diseases in Tehran from 2006 to 2010. In this regard, the relationship between climatic variables and pollutant variables with death caused by heart diseases was scrutinized using mixed methods of Pearson product-moment correlation and multiple regression .The findings demonstrate that there exists a negative correlation between climatic elements of the temperature with a correlation coefficient of. /47. The pressure with a coefficient correlation of ./42 has a direct influence on the rate of the deaths from heart diseases with the meaningful significance of ./99. All the elements show a significantly meaningful correlation with the deaths from heart conditions ; notwithstanding, the most meaningful correlation was observed in carbon monoxide which was. /41 with a meaningful significance of. /99. When all the chemical elements in the air are present en masse, a unit of change in temperature based upon the Celsius degree will have a decrease of 17/12 in death caused by heart conditions. A unit of one percent change in humidity leads to a decrease of 7/9 percent in deaths. The change of one unit of PPM in carbon monoxide causes an increase of 26/2 and one unit of change in suspended particles based upon micro gram or cubic meter causes an increase of 1/4 in the rate of the deaths caused by heart diseases in the city of Tehran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - Study of Indicators Affecting Informal Settlements in Sanandaj
ASGHAR NAZARIAN mahmood rahimiAs the urban development has overtaken the capacity and potentials of the governments and municipalities in extending the infrastructures and providing employment, informal settlements are quickly and irregularly increasing. Studies performed on the informal settlements MoreAs the urban development has overtaken the capacity and potentials of the governments and municipalities in extending the infrastructures and providing employment, informal settlements are quickly and irregularly increasing. Studies performed on the informal settlements in Sanandaj (Kurdistan province) suggest that the majority of immigrations to the suburban areas of Sanandaj are from rural areas and are resulted from economical and security concerns (during the imposed war of Iraq against Iran and insecurities within the province). Studies on comprehensive and detailed plans of Sanandaj show that no better position has been considered for the low-income urban classes. In other words, they are missed in the studies. Also the demands of these classes for housing and the way these demands are supposed to be fulfilled have not been studied in the urban development plans. Therefore, one of the reasons that drive these low-income classes to the suburban areas of the cities and their settlement outside the area is attributed to the lack of attention to the demand for housing of these classes in developing formal plans. In addition to determining the most important structural problems in the informal settlements of Sanandaj, using correlation matrix, the rate of correlation between indices has been studied in this paper and the results suggest that the first important problem in suburban areas of Sanandaj is the usage of high amounts of low quality and inordinate materials in the construction of the buildings. The second important problem is low average area of residential parcels. Finally in this paper, the informal housing area of Sanandaj is assessed, using SWOT technique. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - درخت سرو نقرهای (Cupressus arizonica Greene) به عنوان زیست ردیاب آلودگی فلزات سنگین در اتمسفر اصفهان
مهدی زارع مریم صنعتگر رضا فاطمی طلبدرخت سرو نقرهای با شاخ و برگ سبز مایل به آبی و پوست قهوهای مایل به قرمز در دنیا به عنوان یک گیاه زینتی کشت میشود. یکی از جدیدترین راههای شناخت نوع و میزان آلوده کنندههای محیطی، زیست ردیابی محیطی است. نمونهها از سه سایت (ترافیک سنگین، ترافیک متوسط و شاهد) در Moreدرخت سرو نقرهای با شاخ و برگ سبز مایل به آبی و پوست قهوهای مایل به قرمز در دنیا به عنوان یک گیاه زینتی کشت میشود. یکی از جدیدترین راههای شناخت نوع و میزان آلوده کنندههای محیطی، زیست ردیابی محیطی است. نمونهها از سه سایت (ترافیک سنگین، ترافیک متوسط و شاهد) در اصفهان در ماههای شهریور، آذر و اسفند به دست آمد. غلظتهای روی، نیکل و مس در برگ و ریشه توسط اسپکتروفتومتر جذب اتمی اندازهگیری شد. تنوع بین صفات مورد مطالعه بین سایتها و فصول، ناشی از فعالیتهای مختلف انسانی در محیط بود. غلظت فلزات سنگین در برگها نسبت به ریشهها در همه مکانها بیشتر بود که نشاندهنده سهم معنیدار ذخایر جوی بود. نتایج حاصل از ضرایب همبستگی بین صفات نشان داد که سایتها تحت تأثیر منابع مختلف آلودگی قرار گرفتند. وجود ضریب همبستگی مثبت بین عناصر روی و مس، نشان دهنده منابع تولیدکننده همانند است که همان سوخت خودروها و استفاده از ترمز در وسایل نقلیه است. میانگین مقادیر فلزات به صورت زیر بود: نیکل> مس> روی. میزان روی در برگ و ریشه در سایت شاهد متوسط بود که نشاندهنده این است که ترافیک وسایل نقلیه منبع ناچیزی برای آلودگی روی بود و ممکن است منبع دیگری مثل فعالیتهای صنعتی دخیل باشد. نتایج نشان داد که درخت سرو نقرهای زیست ردیاب مناسبی برای آلودگی جوی اصفهان میباشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - خصوصیات کیفی و انحصاری گیاه بومی ایران (Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertner.) به عنوان چمن
حسن بیات حسین نعمتی علی تهرانی فر علی قزنچیانگیاهی است که پتانسیل )Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertner.( اگروپیرونتبدیل شدن به چمن کم هزینه و استفاده در مناطق کم آب را دارد. هدف اصلی اینتحقیق بررسی خصوصیات کیفی چمنی 24 نمونه اگروپیرون، جمع آوری شده از مناطقمختلف ایران، برای استفاده به عنوان چمن کم هزینه بود. آزمایش Moreگیاهی است که پتانسیل )Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertner.( اگروپیرونتبدیل شدن به چمن کم هزینه و استفاده در مناطق کم آب را دارد. هدف اصلی اینتحقیق بررسی خصوصیات کیفی چمنی 24 نمونه اگروپیرون، جمع آوری شده از مناطقمختلف ایران، برای استفاده به عنوان چمن کم هزینه بود. آزمایش در قالب طرحکامال تصادفی با 3 تکرار انجام شد.. نتایج نشان داد که تنوع معنی داری بین نمونهها در صفات کیفی چمنی و اجزای آن وجود دارد و میانگین کیفیت چمنی 15 نمونه 6یا بالاتر بود که بیانگر عملکرد کیفی چمنی مطلوب است. کیفیت سرزنی برای همه4049 ( متغیر بود. عملکرد ( 7/ تا 28 )M(210( 6/ نمونه ها بالاتر از 6 بود و بین 30مناطق جمع آوری بذور برای همه صفات مورد بررسی متنوع و متفاوت بود و مناطقمختلف جغرافیایی ایران پتانسیل معرفی ژنوتیپ های با کیفیت چمنی مطلوب را)r = داشتند. همبستگی مثبت معنی داری بین کیفیت چمنی و کیفیت سرزنی )** 71وجود داشت. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از )r = و بین کیفیت چمنی و پنجه زنی )** 57تجزیه خوشه ای، نمونه ها در 3 گروه دسته بندی شدند و تک نمونه خوشه 2 بالاترین7( را / 7( و بافت برگ ) 10 / 7(، رنگ ) 27 / 7(، کیفیت سرزنی ) 28 / کیفیت چمنی ) 95داشت. این نتایج نشان می دهد که نمونه های بومی اگروپیرون ایران می توانندذخیره مهمی برای استفاده به عنوان چمن کم هزینه باشند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - Impact of Women Empowerment on Food Security among Rural Households in Kwara State, Nigeria
Azeez Muhammad-Lawal Kemi Omotesho Oluwaremilekun Jimoh Nimat Abdulraheem Lvie Loreta Olaghere -
Open Access Article
160 - Covid-19 Lockdown: Implication on Commodity Food Price and Household Food Security in Kwara State, Nigeria
Oluwaremilekun Adebisi Luke Oloruntoba Adebisi Femi Ibrahim Amos Omofaiye Asuquo Jonathan -
Open Access Article
161 - Evaluation of Adaptation and Yield Comparison of Native Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes to Mazandaran Climatic Conditions
Mohammad Reza Jafari Telobaghi Morteza Sam Darili Pouria Mazloum Valiollah Rameeh Morteza Moballeghi In order to investigate the adaptation of native rice genotypes to Mazandaran climatic conditions, an experiment was conducted with 30 rice genotypes in a randomized complete block design with four replications in in two regions of Mazandaran province More In order to investigate the adaptation of native rice genotypes to Mazandaran climatic conditions, an experiment was conducted with 30 rice genotypes in a randomized complete block design with four replications in in two regions of Mazandaran province (Amol Rice Research Institute and Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources) during 2016-2017. The results of combined analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between the locations of experiment only in terms of panicle length and number of filled and unfilled grains per panicle, while there was a significant difference among genotypes and genotype × environment interaction for all studied traits. Results of correlation coefficients of the traits showed that panicle length, number of filled grains per panicle and number of fertile tillers per hill had a positive and significant correlation with grain yield. For the 30 genotypes studied, three clusters were found that the third cluster genotypes, including Gardeh and Zire Bandpey with higher grain yield in the two studied regions showed more adaptation to Mazandaran climatic conditions Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Effect of Seedling Age and Plant Density on Yield and Yield Components of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Heart Province- Afghanistan
Hamid Allah Naseri Seyed Mohsen Nabavi Kalat2* Reza Sadrabadi HaghighiIn order to study effect of seedling age and plant density on yield and yield components of rice (Sadri cultivar), a field experiment was conducted at the Ordukhan Agricultural Research Center, Heart Province - Afghanistan (Geographical longitude: 62°11'29" east and MoreIn order to study effect of seedling age and plant density on yield and yield components of rice (Sadri cultivar), a field experiment was conducted at the Ordukhan Agricultural Research Center, Heart Province - Afghanistan (Geographical longitude: 62°11'29" east and geographical latitude: 34°20'35" north) during the cropping season 2017-2018. The experiment was laid out in complete block design with three replications. Seeding ages with three levels (20, 30 and 40 days) were considered as main plots and plant densities with four levels (13, 17, 22 and 33 plants/m2) were allocated as sub plots. Analysis of variance showed that the effect of seedling age on number of tillers per plant, numbers of grains per panicle and grain yield was significant. The plant density had significant effect on all traits (expect, 1000grains weight). Interaction of two factors had no significant effect on any of the traits. The means comparison showed that the highest of number grains per panicle and grain yield were obtained for 30 days seedling age. Also, the highest of number of tiller per plant, number of fertile tiller per plant, number of grains per panicle and percent of unfilled grain were obtained by 13 plants per m2. But the highest biological yield, harvest index (HI) and grain yield obtained by 33 plants per m2. Based on simple correlation coefficient of traits, grain yield had significant positive correlation with biological yield, number fertile tiller per plant and number grains per panicle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Determining some of the effective traits on soybean yield at different levels of salinity stress in greenhouse conditions
zahra Abedi Hamid Najafi Zarrini Mostafa Emadi Nadali BagheriSalinity is one of the growth limiting factors in agricultural. In order to determination of the most effective traits on soybean yield at different levels of salinity stress, a factorial experiment with 3 replications was conducted in greenhouse of Sari Agricultural Sc MoreSalinity is one of the growth limiting factors in agricultural. In order to determination of the most effective traits on soybean yield at different levels of salinity stress, a factorial experiment with 3 replications was conducted in greenhouse of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University in 2016. Treatments consisted of four soybean genotypes (Hill, Dayr, Ford and Williams), three levels of sulfur (control, 5 and 10 grams of sulfur powder) and three levels of salinity (control, 4 and 8 dS/m). Analysis of variance showed that simple effects of sulfur, genotype, salinity and interaction between sulfur and salinity were significant at 0.01 probability level. Correlation coefficients between studied traits showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between grain yield and all traits except for the Na+/K+ ratio. By using stepwise regression analysis in the control treatment, sulfur content, in 4 ds/m salinity, traits of Na+ percentage, fresh weight of shoot and seed protein percentage, and in salinity of 8 ds/m seed number per plant were entered in model. path analysis of grain yield showed the highest positive direct effect in the control, second level and the third level of salinity were sulfur content, Na+ and number of seeds per plant, respectively. The results of this study showed that the traits of sulfur content, Na+ percentage, fresh weight and protein percentage are the scales related to grain yield, which can be used as an indirect selection scale for genetic improvement of yield in saline regeneration programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Investigating the effect of different planting dates on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of soybeans in Khuzestan
Abdollah Bahrani maryam salaryPlanting date plays a significant role in determining soybean growth, development and seed yield. The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effect of planting dates and genotypes on yield and yield components in north of Iran. In order to determine the best MorePlanting date plays a significant role in determining soybean growth, development and seed yield. The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effect of planting dates and genotypes on yield and yield components in north of Iran. In order to determine the best sowing date in two soybean cultivars, an experiment was done in Ramhormoz Agricultural Research Farm in split plots on the basis of randomized complete blocks design with three repetitions in 2017. Treatments includes three planting dates 1 August, 16 August, 1 September were placed in the main plots and two soybean varieties including 504 and Saland in subplots. Results showed that planting date had significant effect on plant height, number of pod per plant, number of seed per pod, number of seed per plant, number of plant per square meter, harvest index and seed protein percent. The effect of cultivar was significant on plant height, number of seed per pod, number of plant per square meter, total dry weight, biological yield and grain yield. Seed protein percentage was affected by planting date and in the third planting date its reduction was significant. Thousand-grain weight had significant positive correlation with grain protein percentage at 1% probability level, which indicates that with increasing grain weight, more protein is stored in the grain. In general, it is possible to recommend Saland cultivar for sowing date in 16 August and 504 for sowing date in 1 August and 1 September. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - Analysis of Agro-Chemical Inputs Use in Maize Production among Small-Scale Farmers in Iwo Local Government, Osun State, Nigeria
Kemi Funmilayo Omotesho Azeez Muhammad-Lawal Gafar Olawumi IyiowuIn spite of the development of various improved cultivars of maize, yield in Nigeria has continued to be hampered by the over cropped nature of most farmlands as well as a wide range of pests and diseases. This study therefore carried out an analysis of agro-chemical in MoreIn spite of the development of various improved cultivars of maize, yield in Nigeria has continued to be hampered by the over cropped nature of most farmlands as well as a wide range of pests and diseases. This study therefore carried out an analysis of agro-chemical inputs’ use in maize production among small scale farmers in Iwo Local Government Area of Osun State. Specifically, the study investigated the relationship between agro-chemical inputs’ use and maize yield in the study area. It determined the factors affecting agro-chemical inputs’ use and the major constraints to its usage. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire from 105 respondents obtained through a two stage random sampling procedure. Analyticaltools employed for the study included Pearson Moment correlationand linear regression analysis. The study revealed a 78.5% positive and significant relationship between agro-chemical inputs’ use and maize yield (p< 0.01). High cost and irregularity of supplies, insufficient farm income and fear of health hazards were the major constraints to the use of agro-chemicals. The determinants of agro-chemical inputs’ use among the farmers were; farm size, income at p Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - Evaluation of petrographic number methods efficiency in quality determination of some carbonates rocks
Mojtaba Kamani Rassoul Ajalloeian -
Open Access Article
167 - Hydrochemical and statistical analysis of Nitrate pollution of groundwater in Meydavod-Sarleh plain
Manochehr Chitsazan Khadijeh Aghbarararian Saadat Rastegarzadeh -
Open Access Article
168 - Estimating of uniaxial compressive strength by using point load index for travertine rock of Mahallat
Saied Dehghan Ghasem Sattari -
Open Access Article
169 - Application of TPM indicators for analyzing work time of machines used in the pressure die casting
Stanisław Borkowski Agnieszka Czajkowska Renata Stasiak-Betlejewska Atul B. Borade -
Open Access Article
170 - Examining significant factors in micro and small enterprises performance: case study in Amhara region, Ethiopia
Tomas Cherkos Muluken Zegeye Shimelis Tilahun Muralidhar Avvari -
Open Access Article
171 - Identifying the time of a step change in AR(1) auto-correlated simple linear profiles
Majid Khedmati Seyed Taghi Akhavan Niaki -
Open Access Article
172 - Phase II monitoring of auto-correlated linear profiles using linear mixed model
A Narvand P Soleimani Sadigh Raissi -
Open Access Article
173 - Correlation coefficient of intuitionistic fuzzy sets
W Zeng H Li -
Open Access Article
174 - Practical Engineering Approach for Generating the Torsional Earthquake Excitation from Translational Components
Sandeep C. Potnis Raviji S. Desai I.D Gupta -
Open Access Article
175 - Investigating the effects of moisture stress (water scarcity) on the morphological and physiological characteristics of five basil cultivars
Atousa Keshavarzi Mehdi Rahimi Amin BaghizadehBasil is a medicinal plant as well as a vegetable, and its economic importance is due to its use in health and pharmaceutical industries. Also, moisture stress (water scarcity) is one of the environmental factors leading to a decrease in the yield of any plant. In this MoreBasil is a medicinal plant as well as a vegetable, and its economic importance is due to its use in health and pharmaceutical industries. Also, moisture stress (water scarcity) is one of the environmental factors leading to a decrease in the yield of any plant. In this study, the effect of moisture stress on the morphological and physiological traits of basil medicinal plant was evaluated as a split plot experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications in the greenhouse. The results of variance analysis showed a significant difference at the probability level of 1% for the moisture stress effect as well as the genotype effect. The moisture stress × genotype interaction effect was significant for all traits, which means that the genotypes have shown different reactions under moisture stress. The moisture stress caused a significant decrease in most traits while it increased leaf proline. The highest accumulation of proline with an average of 0.0041 mg per gram of fresh weight was related to the Red Rubins basil variety under no-stress conditions and then the Iranian green basil variety with an average of 0.0029 mg per gram of fresh weight under medium moisture stress conditions. The maximum amount of growth characteristics (leaf length, number of leaves, leaf yield and shoot weight) was related to Iranian purple basil cultivar under without moisture stress conditions. Also, the genotype of Iranian green basil can be further investigated in future breeding programs due to its greater tolerance to moisture stress conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - Investigating the correlation and cause and effect relationships of leaf yield and some important agronomic traits in basil genotypes under different drought stress conditions
Mehdi Rahimi Mojtaba MortazaviBasil is one of the important plants belonging to the mint family, which is used as a medicinal plant, spice, and also as a fresh vegetable. In order to study the relationship between leaf yield and agricultural traits, 22 basil genotypes were evaluated on the basis of MoreBasil is one of the important plants belonging to the mint family, which is used as a medicinal plant, spice, and also as a fresh vegetable. In order to study the relationship between leaf yield and agricultural traits, 22 basil genotypes were evaluated on the basis of split plot design based on randomized complete block design with three replications in pots under field conditions. The main plot included drought stress in three levels (normal, moderate and severe stress) and the subplot included genotype (22 levels) and agricultural traits were measured. Correlation of traits in all three conditions showed that leaf yield had a positive and significant correlation with the traits of stem fresh weight, number of leaves, length and width of leaves. Considering the leaf yield as a dependent variable and performing a stepwise regression analysis in normal conditions (stem wet weight, number of leaves and leaf width in the first stage, respectively), moderate drought stress conditions (stem dry weight in the first stage) ) and severe drought stress conditions (stem wet weight in the first stage) were entered into the model and the model was significant at the level of 1%. Path analysis showed that stem wet weight in normal conditions, stem dry weight in moderate stress condition and stem wet weight in severe stress condition had the highest direct and positive effect on leaf yield. Therefore, the most important traits as a selection index for improving leaf yield werestem fresh weight, leaf number, leaf length and width, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - Designing and explaining the dynamic model of comprehensive risk transfer of cryptocurrency in the financial markets of the world
Reza Karimi Mirfeiz Falahshams Shadi Shahverdiani Gholamreza zomorodianThe purpose of this article was to provide a dynamic and dynamic model to explain how to transfer the pervasive risk of cryptocurrencies in the world markets. In this regard, the statistical information of the cryptocurrency market index and the data of the Nasdaq, New MoreThe purpose of this article was to provide a dynamic and dynamic model to explain how to transfer the pervasive risk of cryptocurrencies in the world markets. In this regard, the statistical information of the cryptocurrency market index and the data of the Nasdaq, New York, Toronto, London, Frankfort, Madrid, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Tokyo, and Mumbai stock market indices were used. In this research, the data related to the cryptocurrency market and financial markets from July 2012 to July 2022 have been used. In the first part of this study, using the information of the period 2012-2022, based on the frequency of monthly data for the financial markets, the comprehensive risk criterion has been calculated using the method of value at risk, conditional interval and expected loss. In the second part, using multivariate conditional heteroscedastic variance autocorrelation method (MGARCH), the external effects related to pervasive risk related to cryptocurrency were estimated on financial markets. The obtained results indicate that there are spillover effects between financial markets and an increase in pervasive risk in each of the financial markets leads to an increase in pervasive risk in other financial markets. In the second part, using multivariate conditional heteroscedastic variance autocorrelation method (MGARCH), the external effects related to pervasive risk related to cryptocurrency were estimated on financial markets. The obtained results indicate that there are spillover effects between financial markets and an increase in pervasive risk in each of the financial markets leads to an increase in pervasive risk in other financial Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - The effects of irrigation with saline water on some morphological traits in Basil (Ocimum basilicum)
Shabnam Ajam -
Open Access Article
179 - مطالعه تطبیقی ترکیب و همبستگی آن با ترتیب فعل / مفعول در انواع تالشی ، گیلکی و تاتی ، متعلق به زبانهای ایرانی شمال غربی ، براساس روش تایپولوژیک Dryer
Farinaz Nasiri Ziba Neda Hedayat Nasim Golaghaei Andisheh Sanieiهدف مقاله حاضر مطالعه توصیفی- تحلیلی دستگاه حرف اضافه در گونه های زبانی شمال غربی ایران، تالشی، گیلکی و تاتی بر اساس رویکرد رده شناختی درایر می باشد. به همین منظور، پس از بررسی همبستگی ترتیب فعل/مفعول با حرف اضافه در این گونه های زبانی نتایج بر اساس رویکرد درایر م Moreهدف مقاله حاضر مطالعه توصیفی- تحلیلی دستگاه حرف اضافه در گونه های زبانی شمال غربی ایران، تالشی، گیلکی و تاتی بر اساس رویکرد رده شناختی درایر می باشد. به همین منظور، پس از بررسی همبستگی ترتیب فعل/مفعول با حرف اضافه در این گونه های زبانی نتایج بر اساس رویکرد درایر مقایسه شد. جمع آوری داده ها از طریق یک مصاحبه نیمه ساختاری بر اساس پرسشنامه تدوین شده ای شامل 66 جمله فارسی برای تعیین نوع حرف اضافه و بررسی امکان وجود همبستگی بین حرف اضافه و ترتیب فعل/مفعول در هر یک از این سه گونه انجام شد . داده های مورد نیاز این پژوهش به روش مصاحبه با 10 گویشور سالخورده بی سواد و کم سواد از هریک از گونه های تالشی، گیلکی و تاتی به ترتیب ازاهالی شهرستانهای هشتپر، بندر انزلی و رستم آباد در استان گیلان گردآوری شد. سپس داده های آوانگاری شده از نظر تنوع حرف اضافه شامل پیش اضافه و پس اضافه مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج یافته ها نشان داد که در این گونه های زبانی که از نظر تنوع حرف اضافه پس اضافه ای هستند عمدتا مفعول قبل از فعل قرار میگیرد و همبستگی قوی بین ترتیب فعل و مفعول و پس اضافه وجود دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - On the Effect of Task-based language Teaching on the Pragmatic Competence (Illocutionary Force) of the Iranian Male and Female Students
Iraj Noroozi -
Open Access Article
181 - Two mathematical models for studying of brain functions in reconstructing memories,forgetfulness and the role of affects in cognition
Masoud Norouzian Shademan ShokraviThis article presents two mathematical models for studying brain functions in memory reconstruction, forgetfulness, and some types of brain malfunctioning such as Alzheimer disease and Schizophrenia. Based on these models, a mechanism is suggested that can explain dream MoreThis article presents two mathematical models for studying brain functions in memory reconstruction, forgetfulness, and some types of brain malfunctioning such as Alzheimer disease and Schizophrenia. Based on these models, a mechanism is suggested that can explain dreams. Using these two models, the interaction between emotions and cognition, as suggested by Piaget ), as well as, issues like consciousness and unconsciousness are described. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - تجزیه و تحلیل میدان تنشV-Notches با ترک نوک در یک ماده پلیمری با استفاده از همبستگی تصویر دیجیتال
ن. سلطانی م.ر. یادگاری ا. اشراقی -
Open Access Article
183 - Unemployment Spatial Autocorrelation in Mazandaran (Using Spatial Econometrics)
Zahra Mila Elmi Mohammad Javad SaadatIn Mazandarn province, regional unemployment rates appear to vary widely. In the year 2006, in this province, unemployment rates were 10.85 percent. This disparity is widely in county level. For example, unemployment rate at Joybar and Savadkoh counties were 6.5 and 20. MoreIn Mazandarn province, regional unemployment rates appear to vary widely. In the year 2006, in this province, unemployment rates were 10.85 percent. This disparity is widely in county level. For example, unemployment rate at Joybar and Savadkoh counties were 6.5 and 20.6 percent respectively. Because of regional differences in unemployment rate, geographical analyze is important. In this research, by using spatial econometrics models which is applied in spatial autocorrelation and Iranian census data in the year 2006, we analyze the geographical distribution of unemployment in the 16 counties of Mazandaran province. On the basis of findings, there was positive spatial autocorrelation phenomena in Mazandaran labor market at the county level. Counties marked by high unemployment rate, as well as those characterized by low unemployment rate, tended to be spatially clustered, demonstrating the presence of ‘spatial autocorrelation’. Also, we consider the spillover effect of county's shock on the others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - An Analysis of the Epistemological Value of Divine Innate Knowledgee
Seyyed Jaaber MousaviradFinding an epistemological basis divine for innate knowledge of God is an important issue which various theories have been proposed on. The most important theories about the nature and epistemological basis of this divine innate knowledge are: A: Innate knowledge means MoreFinding an epistemological basis divine for innate knowledge of God is an important issue which various theories have been proposed on. The most important theories about the nature and epistemological basis of this divine innate knowledge are: A: Innate knowledge means the clarity of the theoretical argument for the existence of God. B: There is a correlation between the desire for God and the objective existence of God. C: The concept of God is one of the innate concepts. D primordial natural knowledge is a logical self-evident proposition. E: Innate knowledge is an obvious affirmation that arises from the quality of human creation; F: Innate knowledge means knowledge in presence of God. In this article, these theories are examined and finally it is proved that only on the basis of knowledge in presence an epistemological basis for innate theology can be found and the rest of the theories and foundations have their own drawbacks. The base of the innate knowledge is that just as man finds his own existence, attributes, and subjective states, so he intuitively will be able to find the existence of God. However, this epistemological basis can also be accepted only if we say that the knowledge of God in presence does not require the unity of the knower (man) and the known (God). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - Correlations between Some Vegetation Attributes and Soil Physicochemical Properties at Selected Wet Season Grazing Sites Central Sudan
Abdelrahim Elbalola Ibrahim Yousef Ahmed Elshikh -
Open Access Article
186 - Assessing the Transparency of Selected Private Banks' Information Based on Risk Criteria (Value At Risk)
Hossein Abdo Tabrizi reza tehrani Ghodratolla Imam Verdi Saeed Fallahpour Ali BaghaniAbstractTransparency of financial information has always been one of the most important concerns of investors and depositors of the banking system. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the significant relationship between value at risk using book data MoreAbstractTransparency of financial information has always been one of the most important concerns of investors and depositors of the banking system. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the significant relationship between value at risk using book data and market data as a measure of information transparency. For this purpose, at first, the value at risk was calculated using the EGARCH model and then, to examine the significance of the relationship and ranking of banks in terms of information transparency, Pearson correlation coefficient between value at risk (VaR) calculated from market data and book data has been used. The results showed that in the simultaneous data dimension, there is a weak relationship between book and market VaR and only the correlation coefficient between book and market VaR of Pasargad and Sina banks are statistically significant at 95% confidence level. If we consider the issue of the speed of book value information spreading in the market with a time lag, the values of the correlation coefficient of book and market VaRs for Parsian, Pasargad and Eghtesad-e-novin banks are significant at 99% confidence level and this coefficient is significant for Sina and Saman banks at 95% confidence level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - Extraction of Sensory part of Ulnar Nerve Signal Using Blind Source Separation Method
Alireza Kashaninia S Nooreddin Jafari -
Open Access Article
188 - Evaluating the Improvement of Partial Discharge Localization Accuracy Using Frequency Response Assurance Criterion
Amir Mohammadirad Ramin Vakili A.A. Shayegani Akmal -
Open Access Article
189 - Applying multivariate DCC-FIAPARCH model in examination of dynamic conditional correlation between monetary and financial markets in Iran
Mehrdad Dadmehr Hashem Nikoumaram Mir Feyz FallahAbstract:In this study, we examined Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC) between important monetary and financial markets of Iran using multivariate DCC-FIAPARCH model and daily market returns during eleven years, (from 2007(1386) to 2018(1396)), and The existence of h MoreAbstract:In this study, we examined Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC) between important monetary and financial markets of Iran using multivariate DCC-FIAPARCH model and daily market returns during eleven years, (from 2007(1386) to 2018(1396)), and The existence of hidden characteristics in financial data, i.e. the ability to record long-term memory in data, power or conversion power (unconditional variance to conditional variance due to the addition of observation to the time series) and asymmetry of market reaction to good and bad news have been studied. The results show that OPEC oil market fluctuations haven't effect on the domestic markets of Iran, very high and importance dynamic conditional correlation between the coin market (gold) and exchange rate, the existence of leverage, power and long-term memory with strong ARCH/GARCH characteristics. We also found that market data have clustering characteristics and the assumption of t-student distribution is more appropriate than normal distribution for market return distributions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - Inclusive Risk Estimation and Its Contagion in the Country's Financial System with the Approach of Dynamic Conditional Correlation Model
Leila Barati Mirfeiz Fallah Farhad Ghafari Alireza Heidarzadeh HanzaeiThe purpose of this paper was to assess the overall risk in various financial sectors, including banking, insurance and investment companies. Pervasive risk in general indicates the possibility of collapse of the entire financial system in a crisis. While in most cases, MoreThe purpose of this paper was to assess the overall risk in various financial sectors, including banking, insurance and investment companies. Pervasive risk in general indicates the possibility of collapse of the entire financial system in a crisis. While in most cases, investors in different markets worry about losing the value of a stock or commodity and measure the risks involved, the risk is pervasive, focused on the market as a whole and likely to fall. In this study, the method of measuring changes in value at risk based on the returns of financial institutions has been used. In this study, statistical information of banks, investment companies and commercial insurances during the years 1380-1399 has been used. The results show that all three sectors during this time period are significantly involved in hedging risk in Iran and investment companies have the largest share in hedging risk, followed by segments respectively. Banking and insurance are included. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - Multi Fractal Detrended Cross Correlation Analysis based on Indicator in Financial Time Series: Case Study of Forex Market
Zohreh Alamatian Majid Vafaei Jahan Reza SheibaniModeling synchronous time series in financial systems is very complex. In order to analyze such series, we require procedures that can determine long-term relations with high accuracy. Multifractal detrended cross correlation analysis (MFDCCA) is a technique to analyze MoreModeling synchronous time series in financial systems is very complex. In order to analyze such series, we require procedures that can determine long-term relations with high accuracy. Multifractal detrended cross correlation analysis (MFDCCA) is a technique to analyze long-term relations through detrending the time series. In this work we propose a novel technique for a more accurate detrending of a financial time series, called indicator-based multifractal detrended cross-correlation analysis (IMFDCCA).We aim at using financial market technical analysis indicators to better determine correlations between financial time series.We investigated our method on currency pairs EUR/USD and USD/JPY and their long-term and short-term relations of these series were determined as multifractal.In order to evaluate the effectiveness of IMFDCCA, we used R.S and GHE techniques for the Hurst exponent estimation. The evaluation results on a collection of 8 years data (2011-2019) show that the proposed method compared to the baseline (MFDCCA) reduces the RMSE by 30% and 26% using R.S and GHE respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - Performance Comparison of tcopula GARCH-LVaR with GARCH-VaR To optimize the portfolio in the Tehran Stock Exchange
Gholam Reza Taghizadegan , Gholamreza Zomorodian rasoul saadi, mirfeyz FallahThe aim of this research is to compare the performance of the value-at-risk model with the liquidity-t-copula approach with dynamic conditional correlation (t-copula-GARCH-LVaR) with the value-at-risk (VaR) model to optimize the portfolio in the Tehran Stock Exchange. I MoreThe aim of this research is to compare the performance of the value-at-risk model with the liquidity-t-copula approach with dynamic conditional correlation (t-copula-GARCH-LVaR) with the value-at-risk (VaR) model to optimize the portfolio in the Tehran Stock Exchange. In the current research, in order to test the desired hypotheses, the period is between 2001 and 2021. All the variables used in this research on a quantitative scale and observations in the form of time series are the daily logarithmic returns of 40 stock market indices, including 39 industry indices and one index of fixed-income bonds from the beginning of September 2011 to the end of July 2021. In this research, to perform the final analysis, all the calculations required for this research were done using the open-source software R 4.2.1. Our results showed that the t-copula-GARCH-LVaR optimization model performs better according to the Sharpe criterion based on Mann–Whitney U test at the 95% test level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - Applying Random Matrix Theory Approach for Making Portfolio Enable to Beat the Market
N.S. Safavi Mobarhana Gholamreza Jafari Ali SaeediWe applied Random Matrix Theory making a portfolio enables to beat the market. On the basis of previous findings, the largest eigenvalue represents the influence of the entire market that is common to all stocks. We analyzed cross-correlation between returns of differen MoreWe applied Random Matrix Theory making a portfolio enables to beat the market. On the basis of previous findings, the largest eigenvalue represents the influence of the entire market that is common to all stocks. We analyzed cross-correlation between returns of different stock market indices (S&p500, DJ USA, DAX Germany, FTSE100 England, HSI Hong Kong for efficient markets and TSE Iran, SSE180 China and MXX Mexico for emerging markets) for 730 trading days from May 2012 to October 2014 by using Random Matrix Theory (RMT). Looking at the largest eigenvalue and components (stocks) of the largest eigenvector (demonstrating market mode or trend) and calculating share of every stock in market trend, we could categorize stocks in terms of their impact on the trend in 3 groups: high, middle and low or no impact on market trend. Then we created 3 portfolio in this respect for Tehran stock market. The results shows the portfolio consisting of high impact stocks can beat the market return. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - The evaluation of Systemic Risk in the Iran Banking System by Delta Conditional Value at Risk ( CoVaR) Criterion
asadollah farzinvash naser elahi javad gilanipour Ghadir MahdaviThe Banking Crisis is previous decades caused the discussion of Systemic Risk in the financial market, including the Banks, has been taken into Consideration by Policy- makers. Based on this in this research using Delta Conditional Value at Risk (CoVaR), the Systemic ri MoreThe Banking Crisis is previous decades caused the discussion of Systemic Risk in the financial market, including the Banks, has been taken into Consideration by Policy- makers. Based on this in this research using Delta Conditional Value at Risk (CoVaR), the Systemic risk in Iran Banking Section has been evaluated. For this reason, seventeen banks out of all ones which have been listed in Tehran Stock Exchange and the equity of their Owners from 1389 to 1395 was available, have been chosen. The results Show that CoVaR for Khavarmianeh Bank Was the most (15.61) and for Sarmayeh Bank was the least (0.32). These results indicate that the crisis or disturbance in Khavarmianeh Bank more than the other Banks, affects the Financial System and Sarmayeh Bank has the least effect. In other words, any crisis in khavarmianeh Bank will give a rise of about 15.61 Percent to the Financial System risk, while the corresponded value for the Sarmayeh Bank is only 0.32 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - Estimation of Return and Volatilities Spillover between Different Industries of Tehran Stocks’ Exchange
Sepideh Karami Mohammad Ali RastegarToday in the financial markets there are different factors that can help investors to allocate their assets satisfactorily. The main concern for asset allocation is that if any return and volatility from a stock market spillovers into, return and volatility of another m MoreToday in the financial markets there are different factors that can help investors to allocate their assets satisfactorily. The main concern for asset allocation is that if any return and volatility from a stock market spillovers into, return and volatility of another market. Spillover expresses shock transfer to other markets or countries regardless of the basic links exist between them. This paper investigates the existence of spillover effect in Tehran Stock Exchange. Specifically, we study the return and volatility spillover effects between 6 indices from August 2011 to March 2016 and Dynamic conditional Correlation model (DCC) has been employed in our study. Base on the results of this research, we reveal that the return and volatility of selected industries are impacting on each other. Some results suggest that Pharma - Industry has the highest impact and Oil, /coke and nuclear fuel Industry has the lowest impact on other selected industries Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - Synthetic Collateralized Debt Obligations and Kth to Default Swaps Valuation Using Copula Model
Alireza SaranjIn this paper, I present an approach for valuing credit default swap (CDS), tranches of synthetic collateralized debt obligations and kth to default swaps. One-factor gaussian copula model is utilized to model default correlation for each pair of companies. In this rese MoreIn this paper, I present an approach for valuing credit default swap (CDS), tranches of synthetic collateralized debt obligations and kth to default swaps. One-factor gaussian copula model is utilized to model default correlation for each pair of companies. In this research, I analyze the effect of different hazard rates and different default correlation between each pair of names on the spread to buy protection for multi-name credit products. The findings in the valuation of a tranche of a CDO show that if the correlation is low, the junior equity tranche is very risky and the senior tranches are very safe. As the default correlation increases, the junior tranches become less risky and the senior tranches become more risky. The valuation of kth to default swaps also shows that as the hazard rate increases, the spread of all swaps increases. Also, increasing the correlations between all firms while holding the hazard rate constant lowers the cost of protection in kth to default CDS if k is small and increases it if k is large. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - The Role of Accruals in Mitigating Timing and Matching Issues of Cash Flows
Sara Salimi Ghale hosein etemadi Javad Rezazade Mansour MomeniAbstractOne purpose of accrual accounting is to mitigate the timing and matching problems inherent in cash flows. Cash flows have timing and matching properties that impair their ability to measure performance. Net cash receipts and payments can occur in periods that di MoreAbstractOne purpose of accrual accounting is to mitigate the timing and matching problems inherent in cash flows. Cash flows have timing and matching properties that impair their ability to measure performance. Net cash receipts and payments can occur in periods that differ from the economic event (the timing or spreading problem), and cash inflows and outflows from a given economic event might occur in different periods (the matching problem). The economic role of accruals is to mitigate these timing and matching issues. These problems cause temporary fluctuations in cash flows. Accruals smooth temporary timing fluctuations in operating cash flows and thus it is expected to find a negative correlation between accruals and changes in cash flows. It is also expected that the negative correlation between accruals and cash-flow changes grows as cash flow problems intensify because accruals will increasingly counteract cash flow changes as a firm’s cash flows increasingly stray from desired properties. According to Dechow et al. (1998), the negative serial correlation in cash flow changes shows the cash flow timing and matching problem. The timing and matching problems of cash flows counteract each other. The timing problem leads to a positive serial correlation in cash flow changes. While the matching problem leads to a negative serial correlation in cash flow changes. According to Dechow et al. (1998) model, the serial correlation in cash flow changes is a function of operating cash cycle and profit margin and the magnitude of negative serial correlation in cash flow changes depends on the relative magnitude of the operating cash cycle and the profit margin. The longer the operating cash cycle and the smaller the profit margin, the negative serial correlation in cash flow changes is more severe. So it is expected that the negative correlation between accruals and cash-flow changes grow as the negative serial correlation in cash flow changes is severe (longer operating cash cycle and smaller profit margin). This study investigates the extent to which accruals are reconciled whit their ultimate purpose in mitigating timing and matching problems inherent in cash flows. A sample of 153 firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE),,is analyzed using panel data regression models. we observed that there is a negative correlation between accruals and cash-flow changes and this negative correlation increases as the timing and matching problems of cash flows become more severe. The results of this study show that accruals are used to mitigate timing and matching problems of cash flow and firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange use accruals more when there are more problems with cash flows. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - APPLICATION OF THE RANDOM MATRIX THEORY ON THE CROSS-CORRELATION OF STOCK PRICES
F. Sotoude Vanoliya A. Pourdarvish Heydari -
Open Access Article
199 - Correlation and path coefficient analysis of various agronomic traits in barley under drought stress and non-stress conditions
M. ZareIn order to study of relationships between various agronomic traits and their influences on barley grain yield, two separate experiments were carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments were genotypes including Gorgan4, Nosrat, MoreIn order to study of relationships between various agronomic traits and their influences on barley grain yield, two separate experiments were carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments were genotypes including Gorgan4, Nosrat, Reyhan, Makoii, Valfajr, Zarjou, Gorgan, Kavir, Esterain and Nimruz. The experiments were under drought stress and non-stress: stopping the irrigation at blooming stage till complete maturity stage conditions. The correlation coefficients were significantly positive between grain yield and days from emergence to physiological maturity, plant height, culm thickness, biological yield, kernel length and spike weight under non-stress condition. Days from emergence to physiological maturity, plant height, biological yield, kernel length, kernel thickness, spike weight and 100-grain weight significantly positively correlated with grain yield under stress condition. Using stepwise regression, spike weight, 100-grain weight and days from emergence to physiological maturity, spike weight, kernel length, spike length, kernel thickness and biological yield as independent variables, model determination coefficients were R2=0.83 and R2=0.91 under non-stress and stress conditions, respectively. path coefficients analysis showed that direct and indirect effects of spike weight on grain yield were the highest and positive under non-stress and stress conditions, indicating that direct selection to improve grain yield with this trait would be effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - Evaluation forage yield and quality of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) accessions in dryland conditions of Eastern Azerbaijan
farid noormand moaied ali ashraf jafari Ahmad Razban Haghighi F. SeiediIn current research, the forage yield and quality of 49 accessions of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) were examined using simple lattice design with 2 replications under dryland farming system during 2005-2007 in the Agriculture Research Station of Khosroshahr -Eastern Azerba MoreIn current research, the forage yield and quality of 49 accessions of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) were examined using simple lattice design with 2 replications under dryland farming system during 2005-2007 in the Agriculture Research Station of Khosroshahr -Eastern Azerbaijan. The traits: forage dry matter yield, plant height, growth vigour, flowering date, leaf to stem ratio and quality traits consisted of dry matter digestibility, crude protein, water soluble carbohydrates, crude fiber, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber and total ash were evaluated during 2 years (2006-2007) . The results of combined analysis showed significant differences among accessions and among years. Total means of forage dry matter yield were 5.43 , 4.45 t/ha in years 2 and 3, respectively. The results of correlation analysis among traits indicated that selection for higher forage dry matter yield was produced with earlier flowering, tall plant height and major growth vigour. Considering to negative relationship of forage dry matter yield and quality, from between genotypes with high yield, mostly were selected high the amount of leaf to stem ratio, crude protein, dry matter digestibility, water soluble carbohydrates, and total ash and down amount of crude fiber, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber. For this purpose the genotypes of Khoramabad, Ghara yonja, Flavarjan, Ghazaghestan and Kordestan with average values of 6.5 – 8.5 t/ha forage dry matter yield were tendered for produced synthetic variety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - Study Different Rice Genotypes Using Factor and Cluster Analysis
ahmad majidimehr hannaneh khoshcherehRice is the staple main food more than half the world's supply and in large part from Asia Continent suppler more than 80 percent of calories, and 75 percent protein, consumption people. One way of increasing production, using than techniques plant breeding, and from to MoreRice is the staple main food more than half the world's supply and in large part from Asia Continent suppler more than 80 percent of calories, and 75 percent protein, consumption people. One way of increasing production, using than techniques plant breeding, and from tool important is selection plant breeding. So advice from genetic diversity and classification of genotypes to scope select parents suitable course may be recombination new genes in necessary breeding projects. So 10 rice genotypes Iranians was used at the Research and Natural Resources kohgiloyeh and boyer -Ahmad. Analysis of variance showed that the between genotypes experimental from course traits chlorophyll, leaf area, leaf length, 100-grain weight, length and width grain and grain yield of a significant difference existed. Study the correlation showed that between grain yield and with chlorophyll, leaf area, length panicle relationship positive and is significant. Result Analysis of factor to method varimax method identifies five factors that together explained 86.75 percent of the total variation. Classification genotypes with using cluster analysis to the minimum variance method, Genotypes Euclidean distance 16 in the groping three different classes. With the results of this research can for be set to generate genotypes short, early high-yield from cluster of genotypes 1 and 2 as suitable parental crossing used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - Factor analysis genetic correlation and path analysis of different traits in durum wheat genotypes
Hadis Heidarinejad Ahmad Ismaili Tahmaseb Hosseinpour Hamidreza EisvandIn order to investigate the path analysis of effective traits on durum wheat yield, an experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with 18 genotypes and four replications in Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Lorestan province d MoreIn order to investigate the path analysis of effective traits on durum wheat yield, an experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with 18 genotypes and four replications in Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Lorestan province during 2014–2015. In Factor analysis, the first factor was named as influencing factor on flag leaf characteristics, the second factor was named as influencing factor on height, and the third factor was named as influencing factors on yield performance. According to results of genetic correlations, biomass yield, straw yield, kernel per spike and spike length had very strong positive correlation with grain yield. According to results of stepwise regression and path analysis, straw yield, kernel per spike and peduncle length entered to the regression model, and so the straw yield had highest and largest direct effect on grain yield. As kernel per spike and straw yield were more important, these traits could be advisable in breeding programs of durum wheat. In present research, bi-plot analysis was used to simultaneous study of traits and discrimination of genotypes related to these traits, and hence, genotypes of Dehdasht, Seimareh, Pod-20 and Alas were introduced as hopefull genotypes for future breeding programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - Assessment the relationship between grain yield and agronomic traits of spring wheat genotypes in dry land condition
ali ahmadi R. Porghasemi T. Hosseinpor S. SohrabiTo investigate the relationship between agronomic characteristics with 18 spring wheat genotypes, an experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design indry land condition of Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Station in Khorramabad during 2011-20 MoreTo investigate the relationship between agronomic characteristics with 18 spring wheat genotypes, an experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design indry land condition of Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Station in Khorramabad during 2011-2012. Fourteen traits including seed yield and their components and morphological characteristics were evaluated. Correlation analysis showed that biomass has the highest positive and significant correlation coefficient (r= 0.79**) with yield. And then straw yield, harvest index and spike r = 0.56*, r = 0.50* and r = 0.49* respectively. Based on stepwise regression spike, harvest index, weight and height of the main spike yield components and grain yield were greater share of justification. Path analysis showed that the number of spike per square meter, harvest index, spike weight and height were important factors in increasing yield. The highest positive direct effects on grain yield were also related to the number of spikes and spike weight. Factor analysis showed that four factors (yield, biological yield, straw yield and seed weight) and independent of the total 72% of total variance explained data. The first factor is the factor with the greatest variance function against three traits of effective biological yield, straw yield and grain weight on grain yield confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - Study on physiological characteristics of bread wheat genotypes response to water stress after anthesis and zinc foliar application
Davood Afiuni غلامعباس اکبری ایرج اله دادی G. Najafian L. SafaeiIn many regions, drought stress occurs at the terminal stages of wheat growth. Identifying the physiological responses of plant can help in produce tolerant varieties. In a two years study in Isfahan, effect of three treatments included normal irrigation, drought stress MoreIn many regions, drought stress occurs at the terminal stages of wheat growth. Identifying the physiological responses of plant can help in produce tolerant varieties. In a two years study in Isfahan, effect of three treatments included normal irrigation, drought stress after anthesis, and drought stress after anthesis with two times zinc foliar application at vegetative growth on 11 wheat genotypes were studied as RCBD with split- plot arrangement and three replications. RWC, RWL, ELWR and IWC were measured on flag leaf at 3 stages including anthesis and one and two weeks after anthesis. Proline, soluble proteins and grain yield also were measured. Comparing normal condition, in drought treatment, RWC, RWL and IWC decreased and ELWR increased at both one and two weeks after anthesis. Drought stress also decreased soluble protein and grain yield and increased proline. Zinc foliar application mitigated negative impacts of drought stress, so that grain yield, RWC (at one and two weeks after anthesis), and IWC (at two week after anthesis) were higher in drought + zinc than drought without zinc. There were significant differences among genotypes for all traits. Under drought stress, there were positive significant correlations between grain yield with soluble proteins, RWC (at one and two weeks after anthesis) and ELWR (at anthesis), indicating the capability of these traits as selection criteria for improvement of terminal drought tolerant wheat varieties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - Comparison of grain yield and some related traits in maize hybrids (Zea mays L.) in Iran
Maryam Rahimi jahangirlo Saeid Soufizadeh Jaafar Kambouzia Eskandar Zand Morteza RezayiIn this study was evaluated different Maize cultivars including KSC706, KSC705, KSC704, KSC703, KSC647, MV527, KSC500, KSC403, KSC400, DC370, KSC260 and KSC201. Maize cultivars were sown in 2014 at the Research Institute of Animal Science and under potential conditions MoreIn this study was evaluated different Maize cultivars including KSC706, KSC705, KSC704, KSC703, KSC647, MV527, KSC500, KSC403, KSC400, DC370, KSC260 and KSC201. Maize cultivars were sown in 2014 at the Research Institute of Animal Science and under potential conditions including recommended planting date and density and apply the potential conditions (without stress) during the growing season and harvest each cultivar at full maturity stage. In each varieties was measured important traits as a grain, biological yield and traits related to ear, Harvest Index and dry weight. Analysis of variance showed a significant difference between treatments in all of characters. Comparison of means showed that KSC703, with 19.39 and 40.11 t/ ha of grain and biological yield was the best hybrids. Also KSC260 showed highest yield between 300, 400 and 500 maturity groups. The results of correlation analysis showed that grain yield had the most correlation with biological yield (0.94), ear length (0.90) and seed weight (0.89) (P≤ 0.01). It seems that the genetic improvement have been by increasing the traits such as biological yield, ear length, grain weight, stem weight and lose weight tassel. After converting each of studied traits to the normal distribution Z (standardize with statistical method), Cluster analysis to determine the distance between genotypes through the square Euclidian distance and Ward's method based on mean of all characters, hybrids was classified into five distinct groups that this classification did not match to FAO classification. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - Determination the most suitable effective traits on grain yield of bread wheat genotypes under normal and drought conditions in Darab region, Fars Province
Vahid Barati Ehsan Bijanzadeh Ruhollah NaderiDrought stress is the most limiting factor for producing wheat grain yield, especially in southern Iran. In order to recognize the most influential appropriate agronomic traits on grain yield of promising wheat genotypes (16 line) under normal irrigation and drought str MoreDrought stress is the most limiting factor for producing wheat grain yield, especially in southern Iran. In order to recognize the most influential appropriate agronomic traits on grain yield of promising wheat genotypes (16 line) under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions, this study was conducted at Darab, Fars province in 2012-2013 and 2013-2014. Drought stress was started after anthesis and continued to physiological maturity. Days to physiological maturity was counted during growing seasons. At the end of growing seasons, 1000-kernal weight, grain no. per spike, spikelet no. per spike, floret no. per spikelet, tiller no. per unit area, crop height, grain yield, above ground biological yield (BY) and harvest index (HI) were measured. Four statistical methods including simple correlation, multiple linear regression, stepwise regression and path analysis were used for determined the relationship between the above mentioned traits and grain yield under the two irrigation treatments. Results showed that BY and HI for normal irrigation and for drought condition days to physiological maturity, BY and HI were the most important influential traits on yield. Based on the most statistical analysis, the BY role on grain yield was lower at drought condition than normal irrigation. Also, improving grain yield was attributed to HI under drought condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - Evaluation of yield relationship with yield components in different dry land wheat genotypes
Elyas Neyestani Hasan Makarian Aliakbar Ameri Mostafa HeydariIn order to investigate path analysis of grain yield and yield components, an experiment was carried out with 20 genotypes of wheat in a randomized complete block design with four replications in two places in North Khorasan Province, dry land Research Station of Shirva MoreIn order to investigate path analysis of grain yield and yield components, an experiment was carried out with 20 genotypes of wheat in a randomized complete block design with four replications in two places in North Khorasan Province, dry land Research Station of Shirvan and Sisab, Iran. In 2015-2016. During the growth stages and after harvesting, traits like plant height, number of days to heading, numbers of spikes per square meter, number of grains per spike, number of days to maturity, seed weight and seed yield were recorded. according to the analysis of variance, between genotypes in terms of number of days to heading, days to maturity, numbers of spikes per square meter, number of grains per spike and grain yield, differences were significant. According to the comparison of the averages, genotypes 17 and 12 with 2522 and 2364 kg.ha-1 had the highest grain yield respectively and genotype 20 with 1190 kg.ha-1grain yield was the lowest. Based on the path analysis results, the number of spike per square meter (69.8%), the number of grains per spike (64.9 %) and grain weight (38.9 %) had the highest direct effect on grain yield. The correlation coefficients showed that seed weight and number of grains per spike and number of spikes per square meter had a significant negative correlation and the number of grains per spike and number of spikes per square meter were significant positive correlation with yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - Correlation and path analysis of white sugar yield with some of traits under irrigated regimes in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) genotypes
M. SharifiUnderstanding the relationship between white sugar yield and other traits in sugar beet may be a crucial step towards successful breeding of this important crop. Path analysis provides a useful method in analzing coefficients of correlations and this method is able to e MoreUnderstanding the relationship between white sugar yield and other traits in sugar beet may be a crucial step towards successful breeding of this important crop. Path analysis provides a useful method in analzing coefficients of correlations and this method is able to effectively unveil direct and indirect effects among traits of interest. This study was conducted to characterize white sugar yield and its related plant traits. Correlation and path analysis were carried out in sugar beet genotypes grown under irrigated regimes. Therefore, an experiment was conducted in 2002 using a split-plot design in randomized complete block with three replications at the Research Farm of Agricultural Research Center in Zarghan, Fars, Iran. The main plots consisted of three irrigated regimes: non stress, mild stress (75% irrigated) and severe stress (50% irrigated), and the ten genotypes as the sub plots. Data were analyzed using mini-tab, SAS and Excel soft ware. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all characters studied in this experiment. Results indicated that in both mild and non stress conditions, sodium, sugar content, purity and canopy temperature and thereby osmotic and turger potential had high correlations with white sugar yield, while in severe stress condition, none of these traits was correlated with white sugar yield. In none stress condition, sodium, sugar content, purity and canopy temperature showed a considerable direct effect on white sugar yield. In mild stress condition, in addition to these traits, osmotic and turger potential showed to have high direct effects. In severe stress condition, except for α-amino-N and canopy temperature traits, other traits had considerable direct effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - An Appraisal of Phenotypic Diversity Among Hazelnut Wild Germplasm from Northwest Iran
Ahmad Ershadi Javad Farrokhi Toolir Sona Hossein Ava Thomas Molnar -
Open Access Article
210 - Pomological and Phenological Identification of Some Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Genotypes and Cultivars
Javad Farrokhi Toolir -
Open Access Article
211 - Phenological and Pomological Evaluation Reveals High Diversity among Walnut Populations in Southwestern Iran
Saadat Sarikhani Kazem Arzani Mahmoud Roozban Kourosh Vahdati -
Open Access Article
212 - The Study of Phenotypic Variation of ‘Shahrood ’ × ‘Shahrood ’ Population and their Comparison with the Parents using Morphological Markers
R. Tavakoli Banizi A. Imani M. Zeinalabedini M. Rasouli A. Ebrahimi S. Piri -
Open Access Article
213 - Phenotypic Correlation between Some Nurserphelogical Traits among 60 Cultivars and the Genotypes of Almond
A. Imani -
Open Access Article
214 - Study of Correlations betweenHorticultural Traits and Variables Affecting Kernel Percentage of Walnut (Juglans regia L.)
B. Abedi T. Parvaneh -
Open Access Article
215 - Evaluation of the Behavior of Native Iranian Pistachio Species as Rootstocks
H. R. Karimi -
Open Access Article
216 - رابطه صفات فنومورفولوژیکی با عملکرد دانه در لاین های امیدوارکننده جو در منطقه اردبیل
A. Khajavi S. Aharizad M. Ahmadizadeh H. Dalfardiبه منظور بررسی رابطه بین صفات و تعیین تأثیر مستقیم و غیرمستقیم صفات مؤثر بر عملکرد، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار بر روی 20 لاین امیدبخش جو در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی اردبیل اجرا شد. . 10 صفت زراعی در هر کرت با استفاده از 20 بوته انتخابی به طور تص Moreبه منظور بررسی رابطه بین صفات و تعیین تأثیر مستقیم و غیرمستقیم صفات مؤثر بر عملکرد، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار بر روی 20 لاین امیدبخش جو در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی اردبیل اجرا شد. . 10 صفت زراعی در هر کرت با استفاده از 20 بوته انتخابی به طور تصادفی اندازه گیری شد. تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که بین لاینها در تمام صفات به جز صفت پنجه نابارور اختلاف معنی داری وجود داشت. بین عملکرد دانه و تمامی صفات مورد مطالعه به جز صفات همبستگی معنی داری وجود داشت. روز تا بلوغ در تجزیه رگرسیون، پنجه بارور، تعداد دانه در سنبله و ارتفاع بوته در مدل نهایی باقی ماند (905/0=R2). بر تعداد پنجه بارور، تعداد دانه در سنبله و ارتفاع بوته بر عملکرد دانه تأثیر مستقیم و مثبتی داشت. بیشترین تأثیر مستقیم بر تعداد دانه در سنبله بود. روشهای آماری متعدد مورد استفاده در این تحقیق نشان داد که پنجه بارور، تعداد دانه در سنبله و ارتفاع بوته مهمترین متغیرهای عملکرد بودند. بنابراین می توان از این صفات به عنوان معیار انتخاب برای افزایش عملکرد استفاده کرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - Effects of Monetary Policy on Gross Development Product and Inflation through House Price Index in Iran
H. Sharifi-Renani S. Ghobadi F. Amrollahi N. HonarvarThe purpose of this research was to analyze the effect of monetary policy on gross domestic product and inflation via house price index as a proxy for other assets in Iran in 1989-2008. For the analysis time series data and vector error correlation method were used. The MoreThe purpose of this research was to analyze the effect of monetary policy on gross domestic product and inflation via house price index as a proxy for other assets in Iran in 1989-2008. For the analysis time series data and vector error correlation method were used. The results showed that in the pattern 1 the positive monetary shocks in the short run increased the product and decreased the prices but, in the long run it decreased the product and increased the prices. The debt shocks of the banks to the central bank in the short run had little effect on the product and the prices. In the intermediate run these shocks had decreased the product and increased the prices. And in the long run it increased the product and decreased the prices. In pattern 2 positive shock of the legal deposits ratio leads to decrease in the production and increase in the inflation in the short, intermediate and the long run, through the banking lending. Results shoed also that money policy instruments (banks loan to the central bank and the rate of legal deposits) had a little effect on the granted facilities of the banks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - Relationship among Yield and Component Characters in Different Planting Dates of Rapeseed Genotypes
VALIOLLAH RAMEEH NAHID AMOLI -
Open Access Article
219 - Evaluation of Genetic Diversity in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Genotypes Based on Agronomic Traits
K. N. MILI B. J. SHIRAZY M. M. MAHBUB -
Open Access Article
220 - Correlation between growth characteristics and yield components and grain yield of Use Biological fertilizers nitrogen and phosphorus on nuts sunflower
مهرداد مویدیThis study aimed to determine the correlation between relationship between grain yield and some yield components using correlation coefficients were use. Factorial experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted The fact MoreThis study aimed to determine the correlation between relationship between grain yield and some yield components using correlation coefficients were use. Factorial experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted The factorials of the experiment, four levels of nitrogenous biologic fertilizers include: nitroxine, super-nitro plus, nitrocara and witness , and four levels of the phosphor biologic was include: fertile phosphatez , biozer, super plus and witness. There was The results showed that the nitrogen biological fertilizers and plant height correlation (0/533**) and in the use of biofertilizers Phosphor stem diameter (-0/491**), Head diameter of sunflower ( -0/563**), Thousand Grain weight (-0/331**) and Percent Fat (-0/412**) with negatively correlated obtained. But, There are, a positive correlation significant in use of phosphate fertilizers, oil Performance (1m2)(0/335*), Between grain yield and number of grains per sunflower Head (0/576**), Thousand Grain weight (0/519**), The biological function (0/319**), Harvest Index (0/716**), Protein Percent (0/480**), oil Performance (1m2) (0/825**), Protein function (1m2) (0/858**) There was a significant positive correlation And We have correlations between yield components as well as the positive and significant correlation between stem diameter with ( Head diameter of sunflower, Thousand Grain weight, Protein Percent, Percent Fat and oil Performance (1m2) ) Respectively (0/300**, 0/473**, 0/336*, 0/309*, 0/249*). Head diameter of sunflower with Protein Percent (0/328*), Percent Fat (0/290*) There is a positive correlation and number of grains per sunflower Head with Protein Percent (0/550**), oil Performance (1m2) (0/504**), Protein function (1m2) (0/617**) There is a positive correlation too. The biological function positively correlated Is with Thousand Grain weight (0285*) and Harvest Index (0/432**). between Harvest Index and number of grains per Head, Protein Percent, oil Performance (1m2) and Protein function (1m2) Respectively (0/545**, 0/298*, 0/501**, 0/578**) There is a high correlation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - Comparison seedling growth characteristics of rice varieties of Tarom Mahali, Hasani and Anbarbo with M5 mutants
Allahyar FallahUsing of Gama ray was caused mutation in rice plant and produced diversity at seedling stage can be evaluated. In order to comparison seedling growth characteristics of Tarom Mahali, Hasani and Anbarbo varieties with M5 mutants from them, a augmented test was carried ou MoreUsing of Gama ray was caused mutation in rice plant and produced diversity at seedling stage can be evaluated. In order to comparison seedling growth characteristics of Tarom Mahali, Hasani and Anbarbo varieties with M5 mutants from them, a augmented test was carried out in station nursery of deputy of rice research institute of Iran (Amol) in 2015. Number of 23 mutants of M5 from Tarom Mahali, 7 and 8 mutants from Hasani and Anbarbo varieties respectively with check (parents) were seeded 300g dry seeds in half square of nursery. In three leaves stages were measured growth characteristics such as seedling length, roots, shoot dry weight, total dry weight and root to shoot ratio. The results showed 52 percent of M5 mutant from Tarom Mahali had lower seedling length related to check (Tarom Mahali), however, all of mutants from Hasani had higher seedling length related to check (Hasani). The mutant seedling from Anbarbo variety had about 75 percent less than check. The rate of increasing root and shoot dry weight of mutants was 59-85 percent compared to check, but seedling total dry weight was higher in all mutants related to checks. To high ratio of root to shoot in Anbaro mutants was 100%, but in seedlings of Tarom Mahali mutants was 74%. Among of seedling length with root, shoot and seedling total dry weight there was positive correlation at 1%, however, there was no correlation with root to shoot ratio. The claster analysis is placed in three groups of mutants. Total seedling dry weight of mutants was higher related to check varieties but seedling length was lower. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - Assignment of the relations among traits and regression and path analyses of grain yield in promising lines and cultivars of temperate and cold regions bread wheat
V. Rashidi S. Reihani Mehr S. Chalabi Yani In order to study of the relationships among the traits, specially relative traits tospike; 30 genotypes of bread wheat were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2009-2010 cropping seasons at the Agricul More In order to study of the relationships among the traits, specially relative traits tospike; 30 genotypes of bread wheat were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2009-2010 cropping seasons at the Agricultural Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch. In this research, 19 traits including grain yield and its components, phonologic and morphologic traits were measured. Based on consequences of correlation analysis, grain yield contained positive and significant correlation with plant height, number of spike per plant, spike weight, spike length, spike width, number of spikelet per spike, number of prolific floret per spikelet, grains number of main spike and grain weight of main spike. With conclusion of stepwise regression analysis, the traits of spikes number per plant, grains weight of main spike and grains number of main spike were entered in the regressional model, respectively and as whole explained 71% of grain yield variation. According to the results of path analysis, the greatest positive direct and indirect effect on augmentation of grain yield were appertained to grains weight of main spike and grains number of main spike, respectively; thus these traits were distinguished as the most cardinal effective components on grain yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - Comparison seedling growth characteristics of rice varieties of Tarom Mahali, Hasani and Anbarbo with M5 mutants
A. Fallah L. Bagheri A. Nabipour H. EliasiUsing of Gama ray was caused mutation in rice plant and produced diversity at seedling stage can be evaluated. In order to comparison seedling growth characteristics of Tarom Mahali, Hasani and Anbarbo varieties with M5 mutants from them, a augmented test was carried ou MoreUsing of Gama ray was caused mutation in rice plant and produced diversity at seedling stage can be evaluated. In order to comparison seedling growth characteristics of Tarom Mahali, Hasani and Anbarbo varieties with M5 mutants from them, a augmented test was carried out in station nursery of deputy of rice research institute of Iran (Amol) in 2015. Number of 23 mutants of M5 from Tarom Mahali, 7 and 8 mutants from Hasani and Anbarbo varieties respectively with check (parents) were seeded 300g dry seeds in half square of nursery. In three leaves stages were measured growth characteristics such as seedling length, roots, shoot dry weight, total dry weight and root to shoot ratio. The results showed 52 percent of M5 mutant from Tarom Mahali had lower seedling length related to check (Tarom Mahali), however, all of mutants from Hasani had higher seedling length related to check (Hasani). The mutant seedling from Anbarbo variety had about 75 percent less than check. The rate of increasing root and shoot dry weight of mutants was 59-85 percent compared to check, but seedling total dry weight was higher in all mutants related to checks. To high ratio of root to shoot in Anbaro mutants was 100%, but in seedlings of Tarom Mahali mutants was 74%. Among of seedling length with root, shoot and seedling total dry weight there was positive correlation at 1%, however, there was no correlation with root to shoot ratio. The claster analysis is placed in three groups of mutants. Total seedling dry weight of mutants was higher related to check varieties but seedling length was lower. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
224 - Relationship between yield and its components in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes in drought and non-drought stress conditions
A. Golparvar H. Madani M. Rasouli In order to evaluation and determination of the most effective traits in improvement grain yield of bread wheat genotypes, an experiment conducted using 320 genotypes in the research field of agriculture institute of Shahrekord in 20 More In order to evaluation and determination of the most effective traits in improvement grain yield of bread wheat genotypes, an experiment conducted using 320 genotypes in the research field of agriculture institute of Shahrekord in 2006. Genotypes were cultivated in augmented design along with Karaj1 and Sardari as the check cultivars in both stress and non-stress conditions. Grain yield and 10 related feature of traits were measured in this research. Correlation coefficient analysis showed that in both condition all traits except awn length and in non-stress condition spike weight had positive and significant correlation with grain yield in 1% probability level. By using step-wise regression analysis in stress condition five traits and in non-stress condition three traits entered to the model that verified 97.8% and 96.5% of grain yield variation, respectively. Path analysis for grain yield indicated that in stress condition biological yield, harvest index and grain number per spike and in non-stress condition biological yield and harvest index had the most positive and direct effect on plant kernel yield. Grain number per spike in stress as direct and in non-stress condition as indirect affect positively and significantly on increase grain yield. Therefore, results of research indicate that use of these traits suggest as indirect selection criteria in order to improve grain yield of bread wheat genotypes in both stress and non-stress conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - The Study of Variation and Relationship between Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Red Clover (Trifolium Pratense L.) in Climate Conditions of Borugerd
S. Nakhjavan A. A. Jafari M. Kharatchi M. ShahverdiIn order to study genetic variation and heritability in fifteen cultivars of red clover in climate conditions of Broujerd an experiment in based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications under irrigated conditions in Agriculture Researches Cente MoreIn order to study genetic variation and heritability in fifteen cultivars of red clover in climate conditions of Broujerd an experiment in based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications under irrigated conditions in Agriculture Researches Center and National Resources of Broujerd in 2013-2014 cropping year was carried out. The measured traits were including of dry and wet forage yield in three cuts, plant height, digestibility percentage, crude protein percentage (%CP),Water soluble carbohydrates (%WSC), insoluble fiber in acid percentage, crude fiber percentage (%CF) and ash percentage (%AH) in two cuts and ratio leaf to stem and regrowth rate in one cut. The qualitative traits were measured by near infrared reflectance (NIR) technology. The results of analysis of variance were indicated that differences between cuts for all traits and genotype effect and interaction genotype × cut for all traits except plant height and ash percentage were significant. Compare means, Duncan method were showed Chamran, Renova, Shahrecord and Reszti cultivars with range between 52 to 56 t.ha-1 wet forage and range of 17.3 to 18.3 t.ha-1 dry forage in general three cuts had the highest forage yield. In among them Renova and Shahrechord cultivars had the highest plant height and ratio leaf to stem, but Charmahal had high mean for qualitative traits including digestibility and total ash and low mean for ADF and %CP. low In other words, it had higher forage yield and quality. In comparison between means of cuts, the highest and lowest forage yield related to 1 and 3 cuts, respectively. Simple coefficients of correlation among forage yield with plant height and digestibility was positive and with ratio leaf to stem and soluble carbohydrates in water was negative and significant. Coefficients of correlation between digestibility and protein percentage were positive and significant and these traits had negative and significant correlation with soluble carbohydrates in water, percentage crude fiber and ADF. Results of principal components analysis (PCA) for 15 genotypes in 11 traits showed three first principal components explained 72% from total variation. In the first component, wet forage yield, digestibility percentage, crude protein percentage and soluble carbohydrate in water explained the highest variation. In the second component, plant height, insoluble fiber in acid, crude fiber percentage, total ash percentage had the highest vector coefficients. In the third component, dry forage yield with ratio leaf to stem had negative correlation. In cluster analysis base on the ward's method 15 genotypes of red clover for 11 traits placed in three clusters. Shahrod and Renova Cultivars placed in cluster number 3, and had high forage yield and medium digestibility percentage, crude protein percentage and soluble carbohydrates in water. In contrast, cultivars placed in cluster number 2, had medium yield but better quality. Cultivars placed in cluster number 1 had lower values for quantitative and qualitative traits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - Effect of Polyamine, Boron and Molybdenum Growth Stimulant Spray before Flowering on Yield and Indices of SafflowerGrowth
P. Arabporian H. Madani J. M. SinakiThis research was done to study effect of polyamine, boron and molybdenum growth micronutrients spray on yield and indices of growth in Padideh and Mahali Esfahan Cultivars of Safflowerin a factorial test based on randomized complete block deign with four replications i MoreThis research was done to study effect of polyamine, boron and molybdenum growth micronutrients spray on yield and indices of growth in Padideh and Mahali Esfahan Cultivars of Safflowerin a factorial test based on randomized complete block deign with four replications in agricultural year of 2011-2012 in Damghan city. Test treatments included control (without spray) and spray before flowering (vegetative phase) and the tested cultivars were Mahali Esfahan and Padideh. The evaluated traits included percent of oil, Grain Weight (1000 Seeds), plant height, diameter of stem, harvest index, and the number ofcapitols per plant. The presence of significant interaction between mean levels of cultivar and spray before flowering in plant height trait in Padideh cultivar (74.75 cm) and Mahali Esfahan cultivar (68 cm) showed that behavior of cultivars to spray levels was different. Generally, mean of spray before flowering was improved compared to the control sample in grain oil (39.29%), capitols per plant (29.23), plant height (30.90 cm) and diameter of stem (45.05 mm). in this test , mean of Mahali Esfahan cultivar was preferred to Padideh cultivar in grain oil (11.56 %), capitols per plant (33.46), harvest index(27.64%) and plant height (73.50 cm). Padideh cultivar was preferred to Mahali Esfahan cultivar in grain weight (1000 seeds) (32.50 grams) and diameter of stem (12.72 mm). In this test, positive and significant correlation between percent of oil and traits of plant height and harvest index was proved. Generally, one can conclude that Mahali Esfahan cultivar was better with the highest growth index. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - Evaluation of correlation and path analysis of seed and oil yield in spring safflower cultivars under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions
ahmad reza Golparvar abdolah Ghasemi PirbaloutiIdentification of the important seed and oil yield components in safflower is very efficient in genetic improvement of these traits via indirect selection. So, 10 spring safflower cultivars were sown at normal irrigation and drought stress conditions based on RCBD with MoreIdentification of the important seed and oil yield components in safflower is very efficient in genetic improvement of these traits via indirect selection. So, 10 spring safflower cultivars were sown at normal irrigation and drought stress conditions based on RCBD with three replications in research field of Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) branch in 2009. Correlation analysis showed that positive and significant relation of 1000-seed weight, No. seed/plant and oil yield with seed yield and 1000-seed weight, No. seed/plant, seed yield and oil percent with oil yield in drought stress condition. Results of correlation, regression and path analysis designed traits 1000-seed weight, No. seed/plant, No. seed/capitulum and biological yield are the best selection criteria for genetic improvement of seed yield and traits 1000-seed weight and No. seed/plant for oil yield in drought stress condition. In non-drought stress condition, traits 1000-seed weight and No. seed/plant have positive and considerable effects on seed yield and accounted for the largest amount of variation exist in this trait. These traits are the best selection criteria for genetic improvement of seed yield in non-stress condition. Traits 1000-seed weight, days to physiological maturity and No. seed/plant are the most important oil yield components and recommended for breeding of this trait in non-drought stress condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - Evaluation of correlation and path analysis of seed and oil yield in spring safflower cultivars under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions
A. R. Golparvar A. Ghasemi Pirbalouti Identification of the important seed and oil yield components in safflower is very efficient in genetic improvement of these traits via indirect selection. For this reason, ten spring safflower cultivars were sown at normal irrigation and More Identification of the important seed and oil yield components in safflower is very efficient in genetic improvement of these traits via indirect selection. For this reason, ten spring safflower cultivars were sown at normal irrigation and drought stress conditions based on randomized completely block design with three replications in research field of Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) branch at 6 March 2009. Correlation analysis showed that positive and significant relation of 1000-seed weight, No.seed/plant and oil yield with seed yield and 1000-seed weight, No.seed/plant, seed yield and oil percent with oil yield in drought stress condition. Results of correlation, regression and path analysis designed traits 1000-seed weight, No.seed/plant, No.seed/capitulum and biological yield are the best selection criteria for genetic improvement of seed yield and traits 1000-seed weight and No.seed/plant for oil yield in drought stress condition. In non-drought stress condition, traits 1000-seed weight and No.seed/plant have positive and considerable effects on seed yield and accounted for the largest amount of variation exist in this trait. Therefore, these traits are the best selection criteria for genetic improvement of seed yield in non-stress condition. On the other hand, traits 1000-seed weight, days to physiological maturity and No.seed/plant are the most important oil yield components and recommended for breeding of this trait in non-drought stress condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - Correlation relation and path coefficient agronomic traits evolution on seed yield of rice analysis effective (Oryza Sativa L.) cultivar
hasan Tahmasbizadeh hamid madani gholamreza Naderi BoroujerdiThis research was done to determine the relationship between grain yield and agronomic traits in rice through path analysis to achieve an appropriate model selection, in order to improve grain yield was conducted on the basis of other traits. In this study, 11 rice cult MoreThis research was done to determine the relationship between grain yield and agronomic traits in rice through path analysis to achieve an appropriate model selection, in order to improve grain yield was conducted on the basis of other traits. In this study, 11 rice cultivars in a RCBD with three replications were studied. The results showed significant and positive relationship between grain yield and harvest index, biological yield, number of panicles per square meter, number of panicles per plant there. Also non-significant negative correlation between grain yield and ear length and half the primary source limitation by eliminating clusters were observed. According to the direct effects of path analysis, a strong and significant from the harvest index (0.976), biological yield (0.911) and number of panicles per square meter (0.845) on grain yield were observed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
230 - Correlation, regression and path analysis of seed yield and yield components in canola cultivars (Brassica napus L.)
S. Z. Hashemi A. R. Golparvar M. Rasouli In order to assessment of relationship among grain yield and different traits and determination of the best indirect selection criteria for genetic improvement of grain yield in canola a randomized complete block design with three replications w More In order to assessment of relationship among grain yield and different traits and determination of the best indirect selection criteria for genetic improvement of grain yield in canola a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted using 17 cultivars. Correlation coefficient analysis of grain yield showed positive and significant relationship between selected trait with traits days to shooting, days from planting to full flowering, plant height, number of grain/pod, 1000 grains weight, biological yield, harvest index, grain oil percent and oil yiel. Step-wise regression of grain yield as dependent variable and the other traits as independent variables revealed that 98.9% of variation exists in grain yield accounted for by the traits biological yield, harvest index, days to flowering initiation and number of grain/pod. Path analysis for grain yield based on traits that correlated positively and significantly with this trait designed high efficiency of traits 1000 seeds weight, biological yield, harvest index, days to shooting and number of grain/pod as indirect selection criteria for genetic improvement of this trait in canola cultivars especially in early generations of breeding programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - A Comparative Study on Some Biological Parameters in Wild and Farmed Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
سکینه یگانه سیده زینب عابدی حسین رحمانیIn this research, gonadosomatic index (GSI), growth pattern, condition factor (CF), and length-weight regression relationship (LWR) in farmed and wild Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were investigated. In order to establish baseline for research, 85 wild and farmed common MoreIn this research, gonadosomatic index (GSI), growth pattern, condition factor (CF), and length-weight regression relationship (LWR) in farmed and wild Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were investigated. In order to establish baseline for research, 85 wild and farmed common carp were prepared during the different season of the year (averagely 10 farmed and 10 wild fish per each season). The results showed that the CF in farmed Common carp was higher than wild carp. GSI didnand#39;t show any significant differences between wild and farmed Common carp (Pandgt; 0.05). The seasonal variation of GSI had significant differences between 2 groups (Pandlt; 0.05). Correlation index or LWR in wild carp (W=3.391 L 0.78) was higher than farmed carp (W= 2.679 L0.7) (Pandlt; 0.05). The line slope of farmed and wild carp were ln W= 2.68 ln L -3.738 and ln W= 3.391 ln L -5.65, respectively. In this study, growth estimates of wild and farmed common carp showed an Isometric pattern. The increasing trend of wild and farmed carpand#39;s GSI during summer to spring was according to spawning period of this fish. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - بررسی آزمایشگاهی اثر نانوذرات جامد هیبریدی نانولوله کربنی و اکسید منیزیم بر هدایت حرارتی اتیلن گلیکول
مسعود وفایی مسعود افرند در دهه اخیر نانو سیالات پیشرفته ی جدیدی که از ذرات مختلف تشکیل شده اند مورد توجه محققان قرار گرفته اند. این گونه از نانوسیالات، که به نانوسیالات هیبریدی معروف هستند، عموما از ترکیب دوگونه مختلف نانوذرات ترکیب شده در سیال پایه به دست می آیند. در این مقاله، بررسی آ More در دهه اخیر نانو سیالات پیشرفته ی جدیدی که از ذرات مختلف تشکیل شده اند مورد توجه محققان قرار گرفته اند. این گونه از نانوسیالات، که به نانوسیالات هیبریدی معروف هستند، عموما از ترکیب دوگونه مختلف نانوذرات ترکیب شده در سیال پایه به دست می آیند. در این مقاله، بررسی آزمایشگاهی اثر نانوذرات جامد هیبریدی نانولوله کربنی و اکسید منیزیم بر ضریب هدایت حرارتی اتیلن گلیکول ارائه شده است. آزمایشها در بازه دمایی 25 تا 50 درجه سانتی گراد برروی نمونه هایی با کسر حجمی 05/0٪، 1/0٪، 15/0٪، 2/0٪، 4/0٪ و 6/0٪ انجام شد. اندازه گیری ها نشان داد که با افزایش مقدار نانوذرات و افزایش دما، ضریب هدایت حرارتی تا 3/23٪ افزایش می یابد. در پایان یک رابطه تجربی جدید به منظور پیش بینی ضریب هدایت حرارتی ارائه شد و تحلیل حاشیه انحراف برای آن پیشنهادی انجام شد. نتایج این تحلیل ها نشان داد که حداکثر حاشیه انحراف 95/0٪ بود که بیانگر دقت قابل قبول رابطه پیشنهادی برای پیش بینی مقادیر ضریب هدایت حرارتی نانو سیال است Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Air Pollutants in Jiangsu Province, China
Anbu Clemensis Johnson -
Open Access Article
234 - Investigation and Determination of Land Use Effects on Surface Water Quality in Semi-Arid Areas: Case Study on Qarasu River in Iran
Jafar Mohammadi Ebrahim Fataei Akram Ojaghi -
Open Access Article
235 - Evaluation of relationship between grain yield and yield components in bread wheat cultivars using multivariate statistical methods
Hossein Ali Fallahi atefeh kaviani charatiIn order to investigate relationship between yield and its components in bread wheat, tested during 2011-2012 were conducted in Agricultural Research Station of Gonbadin randomized complete block design with three replications whit 10 bread wheat genotype (Morvarid, N-8 MoreIn order to investigate relationship between yield and its components in bread wheat, tested during 2011-2012 were conducted in Agricultural Research Station of Gonbadin randomized complete block design with three replications whit 10 bread wheat genotype (Morvarid, N-87-4, N-87-9, N-86-6, N-86-8, N-80-19, N-86-5, N-85-5, Kohdasht, Line 17). In this experiment, were measured 7 morphological traits. Analysis of variance genotypes for all traits was significant at 1% probability level. N-85-5 and Line 17 genotypes produced the highest and the lowest grain yield, respectively. Among all tested traits, the number of fertile spike had the highest correlation (0.999 **) with grain yield. Using stepwise regression, the number of fertile spikes entered the model as an effective attribute, justifying 99.8 percent of the data variation. In order to find the causal relationships, the path analysis was performed for grain yield The direct effect on the grain yield was related to the number of fertile spike traits. The results of cluster analysis by ward method showed that the studied cultivars were classified in two groups and the second group in terms of grain yield was the most (397.66). According to the results, can be said that N-85-5 genotype had the highest grain yield and trait number of fertile spike was identified as an effective trait for increasing grain yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - Relationship among traits and path analysis for grain yield of winter wheat cultivars under normal and drought stress conditions
azam zarebayati manoochehr khodarahmi khodadad mostafaviThe usefulness of any corrective program is determined by the relationship between the grain yield and the factors affecting it. For this purpose, 25 winter wheat cultivars were planted and evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in a fie MoreThe usefulness of any corrective program is determined by the relationship between the grain yield and the factors affecting it. For this purpose, 25 winter wheat cultivars were planted and evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in a field experiment at the Faculty of Agriculture, Karaj Azad University, Karaj, Iran under two irrigation conditions (normal irrigation and irrigation after the spike stage). 17 traits were measured and evaluated. Simple correlation coefficients of traits indicated a positive and significant correlation between grain yield and days to flowering, biological yield and harvest index in normal conditions, and traits related to rooting, biological yield, harvest index and peduncle outflow length in drought stress conditions. The results of stepwise regression confirmed the relation between grain yield and biological yield., path analysis was performed for the traits introduced in the stepwise regression model and in both normal and stress conditions the most direct effect on grain yield had belonged to biological yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - The effect of foliar application manganese on quantitative and qualitative traits of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and the relationships between them
nafiseh mahdinezhad mahmod mohammadkhani Brat Ali FakheriThis research was carried out at research farm of agricultural and natural resource station of Zabol, in 2014-2015. Cropping cycle, under alpha lattice design with two replications under two normal conditions and foliar manganese. Foliar Manganese at a concentration of MoreThis research was carried out at research farm of agricultural and natural resource station of Zabol, in 2014-2015. Cropping cycle, under alpha lattice design with two replications under two normal conditions and foliar manganese. Foliar Manganese at a concentration of 1 kg/ha was carried out in three stages of planting, stemming and flowering on 148 spring barley cultivars. The results showed that in different growth stages, foliar manganese increased the height, fresh and dry weight of forage, number of tillers per plant, leaf to stem ratio and reduction of seed to forage ratio, compared to normal treatment. Manganese solution increased Crude Protein, Crude Fiber, Acid detergent fiber, Natural detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin traits, as well as reduced qualitative characteristics of dry mater digestibility, Water soluble carbohydrate and ash compared with normal treatment. Simple correlation coefficients between traits showed that there is an inverse relationship between quantity and forage quality. As a result, the factors that increase the amount of forage reduce its quality and vice versa. In the following, using factor analysis, 14 variables were defined in five factors for normal conditions and four factors for manganese soluble conditions which justify 80.81% and 83.85% of the variation of the data, respectively. They made the results of this study indicated the total digestibility of dry mater digestibility, Water soluble carbohydrate, acid detergent fiber and natural detergent fiber from the oral parameters of forage, which can influence on forage quality and animal feed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - Study of genetic variation in safflower genotypes (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in terms of some morphological and agronomic traits
Ali Khomari Saeed Omrani Ali Omrani Khodadad MostafaviIn this study, 32 safflower genotypes in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch. Plant yield, 1000-seed weight, number of branches, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, flowering time, MoreIn this study, 32 safflower genotypes in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch. Plant yield, 1000-seed weight, number of branches, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, flowering time, seedling time, plant height and flowering time were measured and recorded. Results and Discussion: The results of variance analysis confirmed the diversity of all studied traits among all genotypes studied. The simple correlation coefficients among the traits showed that the weight of the boll and the number of bolls per plant had a positive and significant correlation with plant yield with correlation coefficients of 0.85 and 0.61 respectively at 1% probability level. Based on the results of stepwise regression analysis, the weight of the boll weight and the number of bolls per plant were 75.60% of the variation in plant yield. The results of causal analysis indicated that the most direct and positive effects were related to the weight of the boll weight (1.104). The number of boll/bush had the most indirect effect (0.916) on plant yield through boll weights. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - Assessment of relationship between grain yield and some related traits in oilseed sunflower genotypes
Ali Saremi-Rad Seyede Maryam Seyed Hassan Pour Khodadad Mostafavi Hosein Sadeghi GiveThe purpose of this study is surveying the genetic diversity between oilseed sunflower genotypes and relationships between traits and grain yield, so 12 genotypes cultivated in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Based on the results of analysi MoreThe purpose of this study is surveying the genetic diversity between oilseed sunflower genotypes and relationships between traits and grain yield, so 12 genotypes cultivated in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Based on the results of analysis of variance, traits were observed among genotypes at a probability level of 1% for the traits of 100 seeds and at 5% probability for the traits of diameter and grain yield of diversity. The results of simple correlation coefficients of traits showed that the diameter of the plant had the highest correlation with plant height and 100 seed weight. The results of simple correlation coefficients of traits showed that the diameter of the plant had the highest correlation with plant height and 100 seed weight. The results of path analysis showed that the highest direct effect on seed yield was observed on seed width and plant height. Using factor analysis by principal component analysis, four factors justify 82.5% of the data variation. The first factor justified 34.2% of the total variance of the data, that named seed yield, the second factor justifying 21.9% of the variation factor that named length factor ,the third factor, justifying 14.5% of the data changes as the factor of 100-grain weight and the fourth factor justified 11.7% of the total data variance, was named dimeter factor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
240 - Appointment of Importance and Portion of Morphological Traits on Fruit Yield in Breeding Hybrid Cultivars of Greenhouse Cucumber
Golnoosh Bozorgzad Maryam GolabadiIn order to evaluate of agronomical traits and fruit yield in 23 breeding hybrid cultivars of greenhouse cucumber, and determine the relationship between these traits, a randomized complete block design with three replications was performed in the research greenhouse of MoreIn order to evaluate of agronomical traits and fruit yield in 23 breeding hybrid cultivars of greenhouse cucumber, and determine the relationship between these traits, a randomized complete block design with three replications was performed in the research greenhouse of Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch in 2014-15. Data was collected for these traits: total fruit yield, total fruit number, number and fruit yield on three periods, plant height, length and width of leaf, length and diameter of fruit, days to flowering and fruiting and the first flower node. Coefficient of correlations showed that total number of fruit and fruit diameter had significant and positive correlation with fruit yield. Path analysis revealed that fruit number had the highest direct and positive effect on fruit yield. Therefore this trait could be used as selection criterion for selecting genotypes with high fruit yield. Step wise regression showed that total fruit yield and fruit yield on mid fruit production period explained 96.30 percentage of fruit yield variation. On the other hand, total fruit yield and fruit number on final fruit production period explained the highest amount of total fruit number variation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
241 - Investigation of grain yield and some agronomic traits in barley under normal and rain-fed condition
Khodadad Mostafavi Ezzat Karami Samane AziziIn order to study drought tolerance in barley, two separate experiments were conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications under normal humidity and rainfed conditions in the research farm of Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj branch MoreIn order to study drought tolerance in barley, two separate experiments were conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications under normal humidity and rainfed conditions in the research farm of Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj branch in the 2013-2014 crop year. Traits: Grain yield per unit area, day to spike, day to flowering, day to physiological maturity, number of fertile tillers, plant height, peduncle length, spike length, awn length, number of Grains per main spike, plant weight and spike weight were evaluated.The results of analysis of variance under normal and stress conditions indicated a significant difference between cultivars in terms of most of the studied traits.In normal conditions, harvest index and peduncle length and in stress conditions, harvest index and 1000-grain weight showed a positive and significant correlation with grain yield. Stepwise regression analysis showed that under normal moisture conditions, plant weight and peduncle length, and in dryland conditions, plant weight, spike length, day to flowering and day to spike are the most influential traits on grain yield in barley, respectively. Drought tolerance indices of MP, GMP, STI and HM were identified as efficient indices in detecting drought tolerant genotypes with high grain yield potential due to positive and significant correlations with Yp and Ys in barley. Kavir and Zarjoo cultivars with high values of MP, GMP, STI, HM, Yp and Ys indices were recognized as the most drought tolerant cultivars. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
242 - Effect of agronomic traits and drought resistance indices on determination of susceptible and tolerant sunflower lines
babak maghsodi damavandi shahram lak mahdi ghafari mojtaba alavi fazel tayeb saki nezhad In order to determine the susceptible and tolerant lines of sunflower to drought stress, acompletely randomized block design with three replications was conducted at Karaj seed OilResearch Institute. In this study, 12 different sunflower lines have been identified More In order to determine the susceptible and tolerant lines of sunflower to drought stress, acompletely randomized block design with three replications was conducted at Karaj seed OilResearch Institute. In this study, 12 different sunflower lines have been identified for thecharacteristics related to drought tolerance and were selected two susceptible and tolerantlines. Initially, sunflower lines were cultivated in two separate experiments under normalirrigation and drought stress conditions. Drought stress was carried out through stop irrigationin step 2 to 8 leaves formation. The studied traits included agronomic characteristics anddrought stress indices of sunflower, such as Plant height, Stem diameter, Head diameter, Seedyield, Leaf Area Index, Relative Water Content, SSI and STI. The studied traits weresignificantly different in water stress, except stem diameter. After analyzing the tested factorsand analyzing the data, the results were obtained by analyzing the percentage of variation ofstudied traits, calculating stress indices (drought tolerance indices, drought sensitivity) anddendrogram drawing from Cluster analysis of cultivars was identified. According to theresults, in terms of water deficit stress, RGK26 and RGK41 produced the highest and thelowest seed yield per plant. Comparison of traits can identify BGK221 as susceptible line andRGK46 as tolerant line among 12 studied lines. Also, correlation between traits showed thatdrought tolerance index (STI) was positively correlated with almost all traits. In addition,grain yield was positively correlated with all traits except plant height. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
243 - The effect of irrigation management and straw mulch on correlation analysis of traits with yield of peanut cultivars
ali abdzadgohari alireza pazoki omid sadeghipor Due to analyze the correlation and regression of agronomic traits (grain dimensions)with grain yield of two peanut cultivars under irrigation management conditions (waterrequirement) and plant mulch an experiment was done as factorial split plots based oncompletel More Due to analyze the correlation and regression of agronomic traits (grain dimensions)with grain yield of two peanut cultivars under irrigation management conditions (waterrequirement) and plant mulch an experiment was done as factorial split plots based oncompletely randomized blocks design with 3 replications during 2019 in AstanehAshrafieh. The irrigation management in 3 three levels (no irrigation (rainfed), 50 and100% of plant water requirement) as main factor and mulch application in 3 levels (0, 2and 4 cm) and peanut cultivars in two levels (Guil and Gorgani) were considered as subfactor. The results showed that the interaction between irrigation and mulch had thehighest seed yield in 100% of water requirement and 4cm of mulch application (2775 kgha-1). The plant height at 100% of water requirement was 73.8cm which showed 13.7%and 7.7% increase than irrigation conditions and 50% of water requirement respectively.The highest plant height was obtained in 4 cm mulch treatment (75.5cm). In irrigationmanagement, the highest seed length was obtained in 100% water requirement (2.4cm)and 4 cm mulch (2.4cm). The highest seed width was observed in 100% water requirement(1.2 cm), 4 cm mulch application (1.2 cm) and Guil cultivar (1.2cm). Seed yield waspositively and significantly correlated (0.788**) with seed length. It can be concluded thatwith higher seed length, greater seed yield will be observed. Overall, water stressdecreased yield and mulch application reduced the negative effects of water stress on bothGuil and Gorgani cultivars. Guil cultivar showed higher resistance to waterdeficit stresscompared to Gorgani cultivar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
244 - The effects of social and cultural factors affected on work life quality of the staff in Water and Wastewater Company of Tehran province
Ali Shirzad Magid Kaffashi Mohammadjavad GhaedmohammadiAbstract: This research has been done with the title of “The effects of social and cultural factors affected on work life quality of the staff in Water and Wastewater Company of Tehran province”. The research purpose is the amount assessment of effective MoreAbstract: This research has been done with the title of “The effects of social and cultural factors affected on work life quality of the staff in Water and Wastewater Company of Tehran province”. The research purpose is the amount assessment of effectiveness of social and cultural factors affected on work life has dealt with to explain relied on sociological theory add Walton point of view. The research method is survey and collecting tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. The studied sample consists of 108 persons of the staff in Water and Waste water Company of the East of Tehran selected random sampling method. The research topics include 5 chapters. The obtained results showed that there is a relationship between the amount of social factors (social confidence, social correlation, social cooperation) and cultural factors (cultural capital). But there is a weak relationship between adherences to religious values in other word cultural indicators and life quality. Also the result showed that there is no difference in life quality divided into gender and marital status but there is a difference in life quality divided into work experience and education. Manuscript profile
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