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Open Access Article
1 - explanation and design of the strategic model of export development and its relationship with the export performance of production cooperative companies in Tehran.
Seyad Mohammad Aarabi صاحب بدری سعیده بدریThe main goal of the current research is to explain and design the strategic model of export development and their impact on the export performance of production cooperative companies in Tehran. T. The first group is the Delphi Group, which was selected from experts in MoreThe main goal of the current research is to explain and design the strategic model of export development and their impact on the export performance of production cooperative companies in Tehran. T. The first group is the Delphi Group, which was selected from experts in the field of export through a purposeful sampling method, and the second group is the active production cooperative companies of Tehran province, where 24 cooperative companies were selected as an available sample. To collect data from two questionnaires, the first one is for export development; This questionnaire was made by the researcher with the help of the Delphi group, and the second questionnaire is for measuring export performance, which is taken from the literature. 170 questionnaires were randomly distributed among managers and experts of selected companies, and 150 filled questionnaires were found to be acceptable. To identify the factors affecting export development through a qualitative method and based on coding and the impact of each of the identified elements on the export performance, partial least squares method with SmartPLS software was used to confirm the model. The obtained results show that, six strategic factors, supporting organizations with an average of 3.67, competitive advantage with an average of 3.27, knowledge management with an average of 3.49, infrastructure with an average of 3.75, government policies with an average of 63. 3 and marketing strategies with an average of 3.83 have a role in the development of the export of products of production cooperative companies in Tehran province. The endogenous variable coefficient of sponsoring organizations is 0.588, competitive advantage is 0.189, knowledge management is 0.032, marketing strategies is 0.27, infrastructure is 0.451, and government policies are 0.459. All factors, except for knowledge management, have become significant at the level of 0.01 in the society Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Factors influencing organizational effectiveness from the perspective of corporate social responsibility
Reza Navidi Nekoo Khosro Arianfar Hani Honarmand l NozariCorporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is not just for social specialists or large-scalecompanies, all business leaders and managers must understand why they are engaged in CSR.The objective of this study is to measure Corporate Social Responsibility and investigate itse MoreCorporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is not just for social specialists or large-scalecompanies, all business leaders and managers must understand why they are engaged in CSR.The objective of this study is to measure Corporate Social Responsibility and investigate itseffects on Organizational Effectiveness (OE) in cooperative companies in TEHRAN province.For this purpose, a sample of 388 customers of 4 cooperative companies was randomly selectedand gathered data was analyzed.The findings of our research based on Pearson correlation CO-efficiency show that there is ameaningful relationship between CSR and OE. Among the OE attributes, customers image andstaff morale have most relationship with CSR. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Investigating the Relationship between Conflict Management Styles and the Staffs' Job Stress with the Aim of Applying the Appropriate Management Style in Future
Ramezan Jahanian Azam IshaghiThis study is run with the aim of investigating the relationship between conflict managementstyles and staffs' job stress in order to apply the appropriate management style in future on thebasis of descriptive correlation method. The population includes all the staffs i MoreThis study is run with the aim of investigating the relationship between conflict managementstyles and staffs' job stress in order to apply the appropriate management style in future on thebasis of descriptive correlation method. The population includes all the staffs in technical andvocational colleges in Alborz province in 2011 which comprise 130 participants and thesubjects are selected according to the simple random sampling on the basis of Morgan's table fordetermining the sample size. The data collection tools are two questionnaires; one is conflictresolution questionnaire which was presented by Weeks (1994) and Fisher and Ury (1991) andjob stress questionnaire which is designed by Osipow (1987). The obtained results indicatesthat there is a meaningful and positive relationship between the competitive, avoidance andcompromise conflict management styles and staffs' job stress. On the other hand, there is nosignificant relationship between sacrificing and cooperative conflict management style andstaffs' job stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The Dimensions of Organizational Culture Model on Performance Employees of the Development and Cooperation Bank
Ali Kaveh Davoud Kajouri Kia Mohammd Javad Taghi Poorian Hasanali AghajaniBackground: In order to achieve the desired goals and activities, in addition to obtaining material capital, organizations need qualified human resources to help advance the goals of the organization. Objective: The main purpose of this study was to MoreBackground: In order to achieve the desired goals and activities, in addition to obtaining material capital, organizations need qualified human resources to help advance the goals of the organization. Objective: The main purpose of this study was to identify the dimensions of organizational culture model on employee performance in the Development and Cooperation Bank of Mazandaran Province. Method: The method of the present study in this study is descriptive-survey in terms of fundamental purpose. The statistical population of the present study consists of employees and managers of Mazandaran Development and Cooperation Bank. Sampling method In the qualitative part of the study, purposive sampling. In the qualitative part, for data collection, in-depth and semi-structured interviews have been used, and in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire has been used. Cronbach and finally structural equations were used using Smart PLS software. Findings: The research findings indicate that the components of organizational culture (contextual factors, causal conditions, central phenomena, strategies, consequences, intervention conditions) had a positive and significant effect on the performance of Development Bank and Cooperative staff. Conclusion: The results of this study also showed that the impact of organizational and individual outcomes on the organizational culture model was greater than the rest Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Investigation of the situation of formal problem finding and the level of public policy performance in the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labour and Social Welfare
mahdiEH sHEIKHPOUR سنجر SalajegheBackground:public problems are the inputs of the process of public policy that may have a strong effect on the performance of organizations in some ways, and Implementation is one of the major steps in the process of public policy making. Objectives:Investigation of the MoreBackground:public problems are the inputs of the process of public policy that may have a strong effect on the performance of organizations in some ways, and Implementation is one of the major steps in the process of public policy making. Objectives:Investigation of the situation of formal problem finding and the level of public policy performance in the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labour and Social Welfare. Methods:The population of this study is all the employees of this ministry. cluster sampling was first used and then random sampling by using Cochran formula, 510 people were selected. Data collection was done through a questionnaire and the analysis of data was done by means of SPSS and Amos software. Findigs:The findings showed that the situation of these two processes of official problem finding is higher than the average level and the level of performing public policies is lower and unsatisfactory. Also, in the direct finding problem, finding problem through overtaking other countries and in the indirect finding problem, finding problem through employees had the highest rate. Conclusion:The results showed the high number of problems in this field, and most of public policies of this ministry have been performing incompletely resulted in major problem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Analysis of Factors Affecting the Ecotourism Development
Masoomeh Shemshad Iraj Malek Mohammadi -
Open Access Article
7 - Measuring the efficiency of a three-stage network using data envelopment analysis approach considering dual boundary
Ehsan. Vaeezi S. Esmail. Najafi Seyed Mohammad. Haji Maulana Farhad, Hosseinzadeh Lotfi Mahnaz. Ahadzadeh NaminThis paper presents a method for performance evaluation, ranking and clustering based on the double-frontier view to analyze the complex networks. The model allows us to open the structure of the “black box” and can help to obtain important information about MoreThis paper presents a method for performance evaluation, ranking and clustering based on the double-frontier view to analyze the complex networks. The model allows us to open the structure of the “black box” and can help to obtain important information about efficient and inefficient points of the system. In this paper, we consider a three-stage network, in respect to the additional desirable and undesirable inputs and outputs and utilize the cooperative approach to measure the efficiency of the overall system. Due to the fact that, a conclusion implying only one of these two, optimistic or pessimistic views is one-sided and incomplete, so, in this paper we used the double-frontier to analyze the network. Moreover, a heuristic technique was used to convert non-linear models into linear models. After obtaining the effective and inefficient points of the network, the DMUs are classified into several clusters by the k-means algorithm.Finally, in this article, in order to apply the proposed model a factory producing dairy products with a production area, warehouse premises and a delivery point are simulated. This factory has been regarded as a dynamic network with a time period of 24 intervals. The results of the ranking showed that, the time periods, (10) and (1) were the best and poorest respectively, in context to the efficiency within 24 phases of time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Ranking Decision Making units in Data Envelopment Analysis based on cooperative games
sanaz asadi rahmati Reza FallahnejadEvaluation of decision-making units is very importantin economic and management systems. Data envelopment analysis is one of the scientific and practical techniques for evaluating decision making units. In the conventional models of data envelopment analysis, the units MoreEvaluation of decision-making units is very importantin economic and management systems. Data envelopment analysis is one of the scientific and practical techniques for evaluating decision making units. In the conventional models of data envelopment analysis, the units are divided into efficient and inefficient categories, where the efficiency of each efficient unit is one and there is no distinction between efficient units.This study intends to propose a new way of ranking efficient units based on the concepts of cooperative game. The proposed method is that efficient units are considered as players of a cooperative game. A subset of these players is defined as the coalitionS.Then the sum of the efficiency of the inefficient units according to the production possibility set that is created by the inefficient units and the members of the coalitionS is defined as the characteristic function of S, which is used to determine the marginal effect of the efficient units in the various coalitions. Finally, the Shapley value is used to determine the cooperative game solution and rank the efficient units.In the same way that it is able to rank non-extreme units, inefficient units are also effective in ranking, alsois feasiblein any circumstances of return to scale. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Investigating the effects of financial development, economic stability and efficiency of cooperative contracts of banks during recession and prosperity
Mohsen mirzasaf Marjan Damankeshideh manizheh hadinejad alireza daghighi mohammadreza mirzaeinejadFinancial development and stability and their relationship with economic growth are important and influential issues on economic growth. Therefore, economic experts have investigated this issue in many researches by applying various conditions. The purpose of this resea MoreFinancial development and stability and their relationship with economic growth are important and influential issues on economic growth. Therefore, economic experts have investigated this issue in many researches by applying various conditions. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of financial development, economic stability and efficiency of government cooperative contracts during recession and prosperity, which done by applying the Markov switching regime change approach based on the annual data of Iran's economy during the period of 2016-2018. The results of the model estimation show that the variables of financial and oil crises, economic and financial risk, inflation in both periods of prosperity and recession have a negative effect on the efficiency of cooperative contracts. The results show the probability of transition from one regime to another regime and the duration of the regime, if Iran's economy is in a recession at time t, it will remain in the same state despite economic and financial risks and financial and oil crises. Also, there is a 0.80 probability that Iran's economy will return to the state of recession due to other factors. The amount of exposure of Iran's economy to the period of stagnation in the current research is 21 periods against 9 periods of prosperity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Social Capital and Social Banking: Drawing Relationships and Explaining the Effects on Sustainable Rural/Nomadic Development
Karim Mirzakhani Mehrdad Navabakhsh Abdolreza AdhamiThe main aim of this study was to know the impact of bank facility payment with social banking approach on sustainable rural and nomadic development through the mediation of social capital. The research method was quantitative and the tool used was a researcher-made que MoreThe main aim of this study was to know the impact of bank facility payment with social banking approach on sustainable rural and nomadic development through the mediation of social capital. The research method was quantitative and the tool used was a researcher-made questionnaire, and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient obtained for the research variables was above 0.70. The statistical population was the recipients of the facilities from the branches of the Cooperative Development Bank, which was selected by the multi-stage cluster sampling method of five provinces, and the recipients of the banking facilities were studied as a sample from the selected provinces. To analyze the data, dispersion indices and structural equation modeling were used, and the results of the research showed that the banking facilities of the Cooperative Bank with the social banking approach have an effect and findings in the process of sustainable rural and nomadic development, and social capital also supports this issue. Facilitates. Therefore, it can be concluded that in order to pay attention to sustainable rural and nomadic development with the components of economic sustainability, environmental sustainability and social sustainability, pay attention to the three components of social banking, that is; profit, people and environment and the five components of social capital, that is; Social awareness, social participation, social network, social cohesion and social trust are important. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The Effect of Cooperative Teaching Method on Development of Social Skills in Primary School Students in Zanjan City
Mohammad Reza Oroji Manizhe Zakariyaee -
Open Access Article
12 - Factors Facilitating the Suggestions System in Firoozabad Health Network
حلیمه اکبری سمیه حسامIntroduction: Suggestions system as a participatory management approach is one of the success factors, and it seems the system offers as a method of participatory management style is the most important way to engage employees, In addition to cooperation is also effectiv MoreIntroduction: Suggestions system as a participatory management approach is one of the success factors, and it seems the system offers as a method of participatory management style is the most important way to engage employees, In addition to cooperation is also effective in increasing their motivation. The aim of this study was to determine factors facilitating the establishment of the suggestions are Firoozabad Health Network. Methods: Descriptive co relational study and the duration is a cross-sectional study. The study population included all senior managers, middle and supervisors constitute Firozabad Health Network and the sample was equal to population of 50 people. Data collection tool was a questionnaire consisted of 13 questions the validity of the content validity and reliability by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (80%) were confirmed. To test the hypotheses of descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and regression analysis were used SPSS software. Results: In this study it was found that staff training, information dissemination and provide feedback on the success of the proposal and will deploy it more easily possible. Conclusion: These results support the establishment of a proper strategy to offer active participation in the affairs of the organization's employees with appropriate information, training and feedback to comments and ideas they can to achieve this goal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The model of managerial factors affecting the financing chain decisions of the production cooperatives system in Iran
Hossein Eslami Mofid Abadi younes vakilolroayaThe purpose of this study was to design and explain the model of factors effecting the financing chain decisions of the production cooperatives system in Iran. The research method was applied from the perspective of purpose and is of combined and exploratory type. The s MoreThe purpose of this study was to design and explain the model of factors effecting the financing chain decisions of the production cooperatives system in Iran. The research method was applied from the perspective of purpose and is of combined and exploratory type. The statistical population of the research also includes the financing chain of the production cooperatives system in Iran and all the data and information required for the research have been prepared in two parts: quantitative and qualitative. In the qualitative section, with the approach of data theory and numerical notation, the factors affecting the financing chain decisions of the production cooperatives system in Iran have been identified. In the quantitative section, with a review of theoretical foundations and field research, a questionnaire was prepared and distributed to 384 people. Then the research hypotheses were tested using the structural equation modeling approach. The results indicate that the effect of internal and external pivotal categories, intervening, contextual, causal and strategic factors on key outcomes, ie the choice of financing approaches in the financing chain of the Iranian production cooperatives system was significant. In other words, that significantly effect of each of the determined and estimated factors in the research model was equal to; 0.69, 0.51, 0.53, 0.57, 0.68, 0.68 and 0.66%. Therefore, it can be said that the dimensions and components specified in the research model provide the possibility of planning and proper implementation of plans and actions of policy makers in the system of production cooperatives in Iran. As a result, this process, for its part, provides both the possibility of solving the problems of financing production cooperatives and the possibility of increasing the participation of more investors in the cooperative sector in the economic development of the cooperative sector in the Iranian economy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - The Role of Milk Collecting Centers in Socio-Economic Situation of Dairy Animal Keepers
S. M. Mirdamadi S. Farzaneh R. Moghadassi P. Alimoradian -
Open Access Article
15 - Women's role in regional Socio-cultural development with an emphasis on rural women Brtavny The Case of the city of Sari
Reyhanh Dabouei بیژن رحمانی فریده اسدیانThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of women in socio-cultural development of the village, with emphasis on rural women's cooperatives in the city of Sari by qualitative and quantitative method. The statistical population of rural women was literate in MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of women in socio-cultural development of the village, with emphasis on rural women's cooperatives in the city of Sari by qualitative and quantitative method. The statistical population of rural women was literate in Sari city. The sample size of the research sample was 382, the sample samples were 18 samples. The data gathering tool was interviewed in the qualitative section and a researcher made a small part of the questionnaire. The findings of the research showed that among the variables explaining the social and cultural components of development: networks, common norms, co-operation and mutual cooperation, solidarity and solidarity and participation that are not only dimensions of social and cultural development and are effective in sustainable development of the region. . Based on the t-test, with 95% confidence, rural women play a role in the socio-cultural development of the village. From the point of view of cooperative women, rural women's cooperatives play a significant role in the socio-cultural development of the villages in the study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Housing cooperative project risk assessment using multi-criteria decision-making models
Javad Bakhshian Morteza Abasi Saeed Giveh ChiResearch Objective: Today’s business environment, cost and complexity of the project on the hand in creased uncertainty And risk in the business environment has on the other hand.Toreduce the risk of project managers and project deviations MoreResearch Objective: Today’s business environment, cost and complexity of the project on the hand in creased uncertainty And risk in the business environment has on the other hand.Toreduce the risk of project managers and project deviations from targets the use of risk management In planning and controlling project, priority their activities hand construction projects such as the variety Of activities managed by different contractors, in particular the complexity of the relationship between management and stak holders and the diversity needed and provide them unstable business environment in Iran requires that a coherent, integrated approach to the field of risk assessment and management, betaken.In this study, the risk of project-based housing cooperative activities will be discussed.Thus, to study and complete review of the literature study and inter views of experts in the constructionindustry, identify risk have been in and grouped according to respondents, the owner is reset, the likelihood and severity of the effect of multiple dimensions of cost, time and quality were determined.The control factors are also likely to be discovered and were manageable . Method: research, applied research and data gathering descriptive case study method is Done .To do so, the survey and review the cash of cooperative housing project can be used. Also, previous research library research can be achieved and knowledge documents related to stanards and codes of engineering organization and the ministry of cooperatives and ministry of municipality and urban planning can also help complete list of housing cooperative project risk. In order to finalize the list of identified risk in cooperative housing project can be semi- structured inter Views with experts in this project was arranged. Findings: The findings show that all the proposed solutions, an important indicator to dramatically reduce the risk .A brief review of these strategies shows that most of the identified risk due to the lack of a professional Mechanism for the managements of housing cooperatives and project is construction.Another reason of risk,decisions and comments by members of the board of directors or the managing director is individual tastes. Conclusion: Housing cooperative, including non-government organizations that have an important role in providing Housing for the lower strata of society and contribute to the realization of economic justice and providing housing for the people of the country, has .the housing cooperative carrying out relevant activities and to help ensure their success could have enormous social impact. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - What should we do to make extension training a learning organization?A mixed approach in rural cooperatives of Alborz province
ELAHE KIANI AZADEH noorollah noorivandi ahmadreza ommaniThe purpose of this research is to identify strategies for adapting extension trainings of rural cooperatives in Alborz province to the learning organization. This study was conducted based on mixed paradigm and using qualitative and quantitative methods. To collect dat MoreThe purpose of this research is to identify strategies for adapting extension trainings of rural cooperatives in Alborz province to the learning organization. This study was conducted based on mixed paradigm and using qualitative and quantitative methods. To collect data, face-to-face interview and brainstorming techniques were used in the qualitative part, and questionnaires were used in the quantitative part. The research participants in the qualitative part included 30 experts from rural cooperative companies using the snowball sampling method until the theoretical saturation of the data and in the quantitative part, 379 people were members of rural cooperatives. To identify the strategies of aligning the extension training with the learning organization strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities from the dimensions of shared vision, personal mastery, mental models, team learning and systems thinking in the form of three stages of open , axial and selective coding were identified. After identifying the internal and external factors, they were measured among the members of the cooperatives. Based on the results, the position of the cooperatives was placed in the third quarter, and the appropriate strategies for adapting the extension training to the learning organization, competitive strategies were determined. Using the quantitative strategic planning matrix, were prioritized, and action plane were presented to realize the desired strategies using brainstorming techniques and interviews. The planners of extension trainings of rural cooperatives can provide the necessary conditions for adapting the mentioned trainings to the functions of the learning organization, according to the strategies and action plane identified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Factors affecting the possibility of developing Research and Development units in water users cooperatives in Lake UrmiaA case study of managers of East Azerbaijan province
Javad Mahmoodi Karamjavan masoud akbari asbaghthe present study aims to identify the status and prioritization of effective factors in the development and establishment of R&D units in East Azarbaijan water users Co-operatives. Questionnaire was used as the main tool for data collection and spss statistical sof Morethe present study aims to identify the status and prioritization of effective factors in the development and establishment of R&D units in East Azarbaijan water users Co-operatives. Questionnaire was used as the main tool for data collection and spss statistical software used for data analysis. The statistical population of the research includes 317 managers of water users cooperatives in the province, of which 175 people were selected as a statistical sample based on the Morgan table using a simple random method and quota. The results showed that the cooperative managers did not have a positive attitude towards development and creation of R&D units. Stepwise multiple regression results showed that four variables (income satisfaction, decision-making rate, managers' awareness of the benefits of R&D units, and marital status) accounted for about 81.6% of the variance in the factors affecting the rate. Explain the development of R&D units, as well as the findings of the research lacking confidence in the usefulness of R&D departments in cooperatives, the lack of managers' awareness of the benefits of R&D units, and the lack of coordination between relevant R&D Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Historical empiricism Patterns and success processes of cooperatives to improve rural businesses in Iran
Sayed Ziya Hashemi Majid Fouladian Mostafa Teimoori Mahmood Teimoori Sayed Ahmad Mirmohammad tabarThe purpose of this study is to investigate the experiences, patterns and success processes of cooperatives in order to improve cooperative businesses. In order to achieve the purpose of this research, research narrative method was used. The statistical population of th MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the experiences, patterns and success processes of cooperatives in order to improve cooperative businesses. In order to achieve the purpose of this research, research narrative method was used. The statistical population of the study included successful cooperatives in the country. The statistical sample was selected based on purposeful and available sampling method from cooperatives in Tehran and Khorasan Razavi provinces, which was provided to the research team by the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare. The need was collected using the narrative interview technique. After conducting 18 interviews, consecutive and fragmented sections affecting the success of the cooperators were extracted as sub-narratives, and then different parts of the narrative were fragmented and a title was considered for each sequence. After extracting these sections, the success process of each cooperator was drawn and finally the general models were designed to cover the paths that led to the success of the cooperators, based on which four models reflect the historical paths taken by the cooperators. Is, it was drawn, the success of a cooperative may be a mixture of these processes or include one of these processes. The final extracted models include "Family Support Process Model", "Investment Model in Late and Previous Production Rings", "Self-Reliance Process Model" and "Export Entry Process Model". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Acceptance of E-commerce in Agricultural Business Enterprises (Case Study of Agricultural Cooperatives)
heshmatollah saadi Zahra i Haji Hashem Ali SanayeiThe purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing the acceptance of e-commerce in agricultural production cooperatives. The statistical population of the study consisted of 1565 Cooperative managers, board members, Experts of Co-operative offices & a MoreThe purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing the acceptance of e-commerce in agricultural production cooperatives. The statistical population of the study consisted of 1565 Cooperative managers, board members, Experts of Co-operative offices & agricultural cooperatives in three provinces of Isfahan, Hamedan and Tehran. 309 of the total population were selected as research samples using the Cochran formula. The results of the analysis showed that the conceptual framework of research has a good fit. Also, three variables of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and the subjective norm with the attitude toward acceptance of e-commerce had a positive and significant relationship. Also, There was a positive and significant relationship between attitude toward acceptance of e-commerce and its usefulness with behavioral intention. Accordingly, in order to develop e-commerce in agricultural production cooperatives, the positive effects of the use of this type of business should be reminiscent and the user concerns reduced from the complexity of this type of business. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Factors Affecting on Achievement of Water User Associations (Irrigation Network of Qazvin Plain)
Iraj Rashvand mehdi Mirdamadi Farhad LashgararaNowadays, the water issue become one of the major crises in the world and has proven its key role in making life better for the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the success of watersheds in Qazvin plain irrigation network. The st MoreNowadays, the water issue become one of the major crises in the world and has proven its key role in making life better for the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the success of watersheds in Qazvin plain irrigation network. The statistical population of this study was 160 members of the hydropower organization (farmers) of Qazvin plain. A simple random sampling method was used and the Cochran formula was used to determine the statistical sample size of 90 utilization. The data gathering tool was a standard questionnaire which its validity was confirmed by experts and its reliability was determined by Cronbach's alpha coefficient for different parts of the questionnaire aboveα =./72 obtained. The results of correlation analysis show that there is a positive and significant relationship between educational level variables and land ownership with the success rate of water supply system. On the other hand, there is a negative and significant relationship between the history of membership in the water supply organization and their assessment of the success rate of the water supply organization at a 99% confidence level. The results of a multiple regression analysis indicated that the variables of social and managerial characteristics can predict 54 percent of the variability in the success rate of the water supply organization Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Non-Cooperative Procedure in Two-Stage Systems with Shared Inputs and Final Outputs in the First Stage: A Slacks-Based Measure Model
Samaneh Esfidani Shabnam Razavyan -
Open Access Article
23 - Analysis and Evaluation of Hybrid Cooperative Frequency Control for Micro Grids in Islanding Mode in Case of Solar Panel Outage and Load Variation
maryam rahmani faramarz faghihi babak mozafariBackground and Objective: This paper proposes frequency control of micro grids in islanding mode with expected scenarios. Micro grids are able to operate in islanding mode. One of the most important difficulties for micro grid in islanding mode is frequency instability MoreBackground and Objective: This paper proposes frequency control of micro grids in islanding mode with expected scenarios. Micro grids are able to operate in islanding mode. One of the most important difficulties for micro grid in islanding mode is frequency instability or frequency fluctuation. Method: For rapid Frequency Control, power balance between generation and consumption should be provided momentary which can be achieved with ESS like batteries. Battery station with power electronics devices interface (BESS) due to having very fast dynamic response well designed can lead to improve frequency stability via absorption or injection of active power. Normally to achieve maximum usage of battery capacity considering available charge, choosing efficient control method is so crucial. Two different scenarios are considered to prove of efficiency of proposes cooperative control method using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. In the first scenario on islanding mode micro grid is studied in case of load variation but in another scenario both solar panel outage and load variation solar occurrence are simulated. Findings: In both scenarios, the proposed control method is simulated by changing the load and solar cell outflow. It was observed that the frequency oscillations were attenuated by a few tens of seconds and at the same time the battery returned to its minimum value after power was applied. It also keeps the voltage deviations within its normal range. By adjusting the control coefficients, this damping process for frequency fluctuations can be improved. Discussion and conclusion: A new cooperative frequency control method is introduced by combination of frequency control strategy and battery energy storage system via diesel generator attendance, the suggested method presents an efficient method during islanding mode operation of micro grid for frequency fluctuation considering minimum requested power of BESS, provide setting of control coefficients causes improvement of damping rate as well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Strategies of Ecotourism Development in the Natural Resources Cooperatives in Golestan Province
Masoomeh Shemshad Iraj MalekmohamadiThe young population of Iran and increasing graduated youth requires job-creating opportunities to tackle with unemployment and social-economical deterioration. Today, ecotourism development is one of the tourism branches which is connected to local population developme MoreThe young population of Iran and increasing graduated youth requires job-creating opportunities to tackle with unemployment and social-economical deterioration. Today, ecotourism development is one of the tourism branches which is connected to local population development, and local population participation is considered to be the principal factor in ecotourism development. Therefore, development of this industry can lead to employment of the youth. This study was carried out to investigate the strategies for development of ecotourism in the Natural Resources Cooperatives. From objectives point of view this study is classified to be practical, and from methodology point of view it is classified to be descriptive. Statistical population of the study were 123 members of Board of Directors of the Natural Resources Cooperatives in Golestan province which were selected by census. A pilot test was carried out to measur the validity of the questionnaires. Result of Alfa-Cronbakh for the questionnaires was obtained to be 87%. Results of regression test showed that territorial population training in the Natural Resources Cooperatives, communication and territorial population participation in ecotourism development programs have positive effects on ecotourism development. Totally, these factors address 50% of the factors affecting ecotourism development by the Natural Resources Cooperatives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Performance assessment of Two-stage network structures with the presence of contextual variables
Peiman Alidoust Zoghi Maryam Nematizadeh Maryeh NematizadehThis research aims to evaluate the efficiency of a two-stage network structure by examining the impact of contextual variables on its performance. To accomplish this, a two-stage approach is implemented, which involves network data envelopment analysis (NDEA) in the fir MoreThis research aims to evaluate the efficiency of a two-stage network structure by examining the impact of contextual variables on its performance. To accomplish this, a two-stage approach is implemented, which involves network data envelopment analysis (NDEA) in the first step and ordinary least squares (OLS) analysis in the second step. In the first step, a non-cooperative (Leader-Follower) model is employed to assess the efficiency of each sub-section within the two-stage process based on their inputs and outputs. In the second step, the logarithm of the estimated efficiency scores is regressed on the contextual variables to refine the network-specific efficiency. The performance of various Spanish airports is analyzed to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Study of Ecotourism Development Measuring in Natural Resources Cooperatives and Effective Factors on it in Golestan Province
masoomeh Shemshad iraj Malekmohamadi gholam hossein Hoseininia seyed mehdi MirdamadiTourism industry is one of the most importantindustry in the world. According to statistics ofworld Tourism Organization instead of entrance ofeach ecotourist, 1.5 job is created, and income ofcoming each ecotourist is equal with sailing 150oil barrels. So development o MoreTourism industry is one of the most importantindustry in the world. According to statistics ofworld Tourism Organization instead of entrance ofeach ecotourist, 1.5 job is created, and income ofcoming each ecotourist is equal with sailing 150oil barrels. So development of ecotourism is oneof the major factors of collation against, idleness.Evolution in transportation system, social tourism,developing in ecotourism need its mechanisms. Indeveloping countries creating new natural extensioncooperatives help these purposes. This study wascarried out in order to investigate about the role ofnatural resources extention cooperatives in ecotourismdevelopment. According to classification this study isapplicable research, and descriptive study. Stasticalpopulation of this study were selected from membersof managing committee of natural resources extentioncooperatives in Golestan Province. There are135 members of managing committee of naturalresources cooperatives in Golestan Province. Thequestionnaire were designed for this purpose anddistributed among them, according to take census.In order to measuring the validity of questionnaires,pilot test carried out. Results of alfa-cronbakhfor questionnaires were %86. Results show thatcelebrating of food festivals, traditional customes,good facility of transportation, having good serviceof higienes, having satellite informations system,preparing of food, learing some sports like athleticfishing, holding national conferencing on ecotourism,relationship between international financial societiesand developing agencico have the best effects.High income has the most important role indeveloping of ecotourism. Mean for basis ofdevelopment of ecotourism in cooperatives ( = 34/0)showes that basis of development of ecotourism inNatural Resources cooperatives is in very low level Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - A Study of Challenges and Obstacles of Formation of Cooperative Security Model in the Middle East (2001-2020)
Saeed Amouzadeh Hossein Karimi Fard Fereidun Akbarzadeh Shahram FattahiThe purpose of the present study is to review challenges and obstacles of formation of cooperative security models in the Middle East (2001-2020). The research relies on the hypothesis that cooperative security models have requirements such as negotiation-based models, MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review challenges and obstacles of formation of cooperative security models in the Middle East (2001-2020). The research relies on the hypothesis that cooperative security models have requirements such as negotiation-based models, least disagreement in different aspects, transparency and mutual respect, not letting the interference of foreign powers in regional affairs, and having democratic governments but many of them are ignored due to various disputes and conflicts among countries in the region. The present study deals with the cooperative security model and its compatibility with the condition of countries in the Middle east within the regional security framework of Copenhagen school and a descriptive-explanatory method. The results indicate that conflicts in terms of identity, religion, and territory as well as rivalry between great powers have led to ongoing paradox and tension, arms race, lack of transparency, security puzzle, and interference of super-regional powers in the Middle East. Therefore, the cooperative security Model faces numerous challenges which need to be solved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Bi-Threshold Cooperative Spectrum Sensing With the Ability of Simultaneous Improving Throughput and Reducing Energy Consumption in Cognitive Radio Network
Masoud Moradkhani Farzad SoltanianBy performing cooperative spectrum sensing in a cognitive radio network, although the network throughput increases with the increase in the number of secondary users, but at the same time, it also causes an increase in energy consumption. This makes it necessary to prov MoreBy performing cooperative spectrum sensing in a cognitive radio network, although the network throughput increases with the increase in the number of secondary users, but at the same time, it also causes an increase in energy consumption. This makes it necessary to provide a system that is able to create a tradeoff between throughput and energy consumption. In contrast to the conventional method of spectrum sensing based on one detection threshold, spectrum sensing with double thresholds avoids reporting unreliable data to the fusion center, thus potentially leading to greater energy saving. In this paper, a double threshold spectrum sensing cognitive radio network with a non-ideal reporting channel is optimized. The values of the threshold and the sensing time are jointly optimized to maximize the throughput of the network, provided that the network energy consumption and the amount of interference with the primary users are limited. The optimization problem is formulated and a numerical method is presented to solve it. The simulation results show a flexible system that can simultaneously provide higher throughput and lower energy consumption than the conventional sensing method. These results, while confirming the higher tolerance against the error of the reporting channel, show a significant energy saving of up to 70% by guaranteeing the throughput efficiency greater than 1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - The Effect of Cooperative Teaching on Studentâs Group Cohesion: The Mediator Role of Cooperation Approaches
مهدی محمدی رحمت اله مرزوقی رضا ناصری جهرمی مریم درفشان زینب مختاریThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of cooperative teaching on students’ group cohesion mediating the role of cooperation approaches in teaching-learning processes. The research method was correlational and the population was all undergraduates majoring MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of cooperative teaching on students’ group cohesion mediating the role of cooperation approaches in teaching-learning processes. The research method was correlational and the population was all undergraduates majoring in English translation as a foreign language in Bandar Abbas and Marvdasht Azad Islamic University in 2004 the academic year 2013-14. Research instruments were Group Environment Questionnaire (Carron, et al., 1985) and Cooperation Approaches Questionnaire (Triandis et al., 1994). Data were analyzed using path analysis technique and multivariable regression analysis. The results showed that cooperative teaching is a significant positive predictor of students’ group cohesion (R2=0.49, P < 0.001). Also, it was a significantly positive predictor of students’ individualism and collectivism approaches, as well (R2=0.33, P < 0.001). The students’ individualism and collectivism approaches were significantly positive predictors of students’ group cohesion (R2= 0.51, P < 0.001). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Investigating the Effectiveness of Jigsaw 2 Model and Traditional Learning on Reading Comprehension of Iranian Learners
Ramin Nozohouri Firooz Mahmoudi Naser Adhami Somayyeh Rasouli -
Open Access Article
31 - A Study into the Effects of Competitive Team-Based Learning and 'Learning Together' on the Oral Performance of Intermediate EFL Learners
Mahdi Mardani Tahereh Jahanbazian -
Open Access Article
32 - How Motivation and Collaborative Learning Impact Vocabulary Learning: The Case of Iranian High School Learners
Masoumeh Kouhsarian Behrooz Ghoorchaei Omid Mazandarani Nematullah Shomoossi -
Open Access Article
33 - Identifying the strategies for implementing the cooperative learning approach in order to develop the leadership skills of elementary school students through meta- synthesis and focus group.
Fahima Ansarizadeh Keramati Mohammad Reza seyfollah fazlollahiAlthough previous studies have highlighted the challenges of implementing the cooperative learning approach, they have not addressed the implementation strategies of this approach in order to develop students' leadership skills. On the other hand, studies have shown tha MoreAlthough previous studies have highlighted the challenges of implementing the cooperative learning approach, they have not addressed the implementation strategies of this approach in order to develop students' leadership skills. On the other hand, studies have shown that leadership skills can be taught to children, but they have not clearly revealed how this happens. The aim of this study is to combine the results of national and international studies in order to fill this research gap. Sandelowski and barroso method was used in this study. Data were coded through Atlas T software. In order to complete, modify and validate the data, the method of focus groups was also used. Based on the results of the present study, improving curriculum elements such as facilities, subjects, learning environment, teacher and student, and improving the attitude of stakeholders and stakeholders can provide the basis for the development of leadership skills in students. The results indicated the prominence of some skills such as creativity, problem solving, self-confidence, adaptability, empathy, criticism, and responsibility. Some skills, such as adaptability, acceptability of criticism, revealed new dimensions of leadership skills and were able to contribute to the development of knowledge in this field. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that developing leadership skills through cooperative learning approach in educational activities in the classroom environment is feasible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - The Effect of Cooperative Learning on Group tendency and Academic Achievement of High School Students in Mashhad
Morteza Karami Azam Mohammadzade Masomeh AfshariThis quasi-experimental study with pretest – posttest and two control groups investigated the impact of cooperative learning on group tendency and academic achievement of high school students in Mashhad, Iran.The study population was high school first-grade female MoreThis quasi-experimental study with pretest – posttest and two control groups investigated the impact of cooperative learning on group tendency and academic achievement of high school students in Mashhad, Iran.The study population was high school first-grade female students of Mashhad in academic year 2010-2011. The sample size was 77, in which 24 were in the experimental group, 26 in control group 1 and 27 in control group 2. In the experimental group cooperative teaching method was used and in control groups the traditional teaching method .The tools were Evans and Jarvis’ group tendency questionnaire (1986) and researcher-made academic achievement tests.All the tests were consistent in terms of validity and reliability coefficient (0.86). To analyse data, both descriptive and inferential statistics (MANCOVA) were used.MANCOVA test showed significant differences among the tendencies of the three groups (P=0.001). Benfroni’s post hoc test results showed that the experimental group was affected more by cooperative teaching method compared with the other two groups (control group 1 with (P= 0.004) and control group 2 with (P=0.005)). But there wasn’t any significant diffenrence among the three groups considering academic achievement (P=0.646). Although this difference is not statistically significant, comparison of the averages of academic achievement in three groups showed better performance of experimental group. Teachers should learn active teaching methods and apply them in their classes. Also they should take measures to change students’ attitudes toward group work. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - The Effect of Teaching in Project-Cooperative Method on Academic Achievement of Senior Girl Students in Foolad Shahr High Schools, in Terms of Statistics and Modeling
ندا یزدیانپور علیرضا یوسفی فریبا حقانیThe present research aims at investigating the effect of teaching through a project and cooperative method on the academic achievement of students in statistics and modeling. In this research a quasi-experimental method was used. The research community was the junior gi MoreThe present research aims at investigating the effect of teaching through a project and cooperative method on the academic achievement of students in statistics and modeling. In this research a quasi-experimental method was used. The research community was the junior girl students of Foolad Shahr high schools. (161 students). The sample population was 51 students, 24 of them were the exper mental group and 27 control group.In the experimental group an active teaching method was adopted which was a combination of project and cooperative methods. The control group was taught in the traditional approach. The academic achievements of students were assessed by teacher-made pre-test and post- test. The validity was confirmed by the experts and its reliability was checked by Choronbakh's alpha coefficient (0/945). The results were analyzed in two descriptive statistics sections which include graphs, mean and standard deviation as well as inferential statistics including a t-test for investigating the equality of the groups, the Levin’s test for investigating the equality of scores variance and analyzing covariance for testing the hypothesis. At a 5% error level it was concluded that there was a significant statistical difference between the achievements of control and experimental group. It means that students who were taught in a project-based and cooperative approach showed a better academic achievement compared with the traditional method learners. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Effectiveness of conceptual map, cooperative learning and traditional teaching methods on the incentive to progress and academic achievement in biology course
jamal ashoori Mohammad Bagher kajbaf gholamreza manshaee hoshang talebiTheThe aim of this research was to investigate about the effect of conceptual map, cooperative learning and traditional methods on the achievement of motivation and academic achievement in biology course. The statistical population included all of the male students in e MoreTheThe aim of this research was to investigate about the effect of conceptual map, cooperative learning and traditional methods on the achievement of motivation and academic achievement in biology course. The statistical population included all of the male students in experimental field of Varamin suburbs. In a queasy-experimental study, 60 students were selected by multi-step cluster sampling method and randomly assigned into three groups. The experimental groups separately had 15 sessions of education by conceptual map and cooperative learning methods and the control group was educated by traditional method. All of the groups completed the Hermans’s achievement motivation questionnaire (1970) and the teacher-made test as the pre-test and post-test. The data was analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The findings showed that conceptual map method unlike traditional method led to increase achievement of motivation and academic achievement. Also, cooperative learning method unlike traditional method led to increase academic achievement, but between them in achieving motivation, there were no significant differences. In addition, conceptual map method comparing with cooperative learning method led to increase academic achievement, but there were no significant differences between them in achieving motivation (p < 0.05). Therefore, conceptual map method was more effective than cooperative learning and traditional methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - An analysis of experience of applying "cooperative learning" in higher education
Azimehsadat KhakbazThis research studied and analyzed an experience of applying cooperative learning in Iranian higher education. To this aim, a longitude study was done through action research in two academic semesters in one of the universities in educational science discipline. Partici MoreThis research studied and analyzed an experience of applying cooperative learning in Iranian higher education. To this aim, a longitude study was done through action research in two academic semesters in one of the universities in educational science discipline. Participants of this research were bachelor students in educational science discipline. Data of this research were gathered by open and close response questionnaires, individual and group interviews, cooperative observation of classes and autobiographies of the professor. Quantitative data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and qualitative data were analyzed by coding and making themes. Integrating quantitative and qualitative analysis revealed two themes in this experience: "process" and "outcome". Process itself composed of subthemes named "grouping", "method", "assignments", "relations and interactions", "responsibility" and "get serious process of cooperative learning". Outcome also includes subthemes named "skills" and "attitudes". Finally, some recommendations were extracted from data analysis to betterment the practice upon which another improved model was obtained for future that provides the preparations of another research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - A comparison of cooperative, discovery, and lecture method on studentsâ learning development and outlook toward physics
مرجان عبیری عباس صادقی مهناز خسرو جاوید نادر افقیThe purpose of this study is to compare the effect of cooperative method, discovery method and lecture method for students learning development and outlook toward physics. All of the first grad students of the Sanger high school are as the statistical population. This r MoreThe purpose of this study is to compare the effect of cooperative method, discovery method and lecture method for students learning development and outlook toward physics. All of the first grad students of the Sanger high school are as the statistical population. This research is of semi-experimental one with non-equal controlling group. The sample of the study has consisted of 28, 28, 22 students treated with cooperative method, discovery method and lecture method. The procedure of choosing the sample was nonrandom (convenience) methodical. The educational treatment was conducted during 14 weeks by the researcher. The tools being used in this study were achievement and attitude assessment test in physics, which both were researcher-made. The validity of these tools was verified by professors of social science and physics. During a pilot study, the reliability of attitude assessment test was calculated α= 0/86. The statistical procedures used in the data analysis were t-test and Anova. The finding of the study revealed that the mean difference of scores of the students treated with cooperative method was higher than the grades of students treated with discovery method. However, there was no significant difference between any other two groups compared with each other. Furthermore, there was a significant difference between discovery and lecture teaching method, and discovery and cooperative teaching method with regard to students’ attitude toward physics. Moreover, there was a significant difference between cooperative participants score and no significant difference in pre-test and post-test of the participants score in discovery and lecture group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - The comparison of the effect of cooperative teaching method and E5 teaching method on academic achievement and social skills: considering the fifth grade male elementary school students in empirical science course
masoud khoftehdel assad adibnia yahya mohajerThis research investigated the effect of cooperative and E5 teaching methods on academic achievement and social skills of fifth grade male elementary school students in empirical science course, in Gouchan city, in academic year 2012-2013.The applied method was quasi-ex MoreThis research investigated the effect of cooperative and E5 teaching methods on academic achievement and social skills of fifth grade male elementary school students in empirical science course, in Gouchan city, in academic year 2012-2013.The applied method was quasi-experimental one. The study tools were the educational texts, researcher-made academic achievement and social skills tests whose content and face validities had been confirmed by relative experts. The reliability of the academic achievement test was estimated by Kuder-Richardson20 method as KR20=0.79 and the reliability of the social skills was examined as KR20=0.90. Data were, then, analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of academic achievement and social skills of students who were taught by E5 teaching method and those being taught by Cooperative teaching method. In other word, E5 method had a more noticeable effect on academic improvement and cooperative method was more effective in social skills. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Comparison of Influence of Cooperative Learning with Mixed Teaching Method of Short Lecture and Question & Answer in Biology Achievement
زهره همدانی فریبا حقانی محمد جواد لیاقتدار The purpose of this study has been comparison of influence of cooperative learning method with mixed teaching method of short lecture and question & answer in biology achievement . Method of this study was quasi-experimental. The statistics population was thi More The purpose of this study has been comparison of influence of cooperative learning method with mixed teaching method of short lecture and question & answer in biology achievement . Method of this study was quasi-experimental. The statistics population was third girl students in Isfahan high school in schooling year 2008– 2009. Sample volume was 68 which 30 person in experimental group and 38 person in control group. Sampling method was simple random. Cooperative learning was used in experimental group and was done common teaching in classrooms, compilation of short lecture and question & answer method, in control group. The study instruments was inclusive of text and made-researcher achievement tests whose validity and reliability had been confirmed before implementation by relative experts. The reliability tests was determined with implementation in sample group and then with using of split-halves method. The results were analyzed by descriptive statistics (including mean and SD) and by inferential statistics (as χ2 and independent t-test). The results indicated difference mean of pre-tests and post-tests within control group (P £ 0.05) that teaching with compilation of short lecture and question & answer method has been more than experimental group . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Approaches to the Development of Cooperative Management Systems in Educational Centers from Managers, Assistants, and Teachersâ Viewpoints
رمضان جهانیانThe present study, conducted by fieldwork, aims at identifying the approaches to the development of cooperative management systems in educational centers. A sample of 1094 subjects were selected randomly through Morgan Stratified Sampling Table out of the 95905 populati MoreThe present study, conducted by fieldwork, aims at identifying the approaches to the development of cooperative management systems in educational centers. A sample of 1094 subjects were selected randomly through Morgan Stratified Sampling Table out of the 95905 population of Tehran educational centers managers, assistants and teachers in 2003-2004. A 26-item 5-choice Likert-scale questionnaire was developed by the researcher. 20 experts validated the questionnaire whose reliability was estimated 0.87 by Cornbach Alpha. Descriptive statistics computed the frequency of distribution, the percentage of the responses and the mean. In the inferential statistical phase, using a rank scale questionnaire, a separate x2 measure was adopted to evaluate each single item on the questionnaire and combining the items related to each hypothesis, the longitudinal level of scaling was enhanced. To compare the managers, assistants, and teachers` comments at different educational levels, the Analysis of Variance was used. The results showed that the most important approaches to the development of cooperative management systems in educational centers are: (a) In the pavement of cooperative system respect: staff awareness of concepts, the goals and philosophy of cooperative system, staff encouragement to join cooperative system by managers, mutual trust among managers and staff, etc. (b) In systematization aspect: devising regularities and executive rules, goal setting, provision of educational opportunities for the agents and cooperators, etc. (c) From the gradual development perspective: voluntary establishment of the system, implementation of the simplest forms of voluntary cooperation via praises and criticisms, staff self-confidence development, etc. (d) In the management respect: management authority to call on the teachers’ cooperation, clarity of the decision making process in educational centers, decent relationship among managers, staff, and teachers, etc. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Effect of the cooperative learning on studentsâ educational performance and attitude on the basis of Jigsaw puzzle pattern
Fatemeh Khalvandi Maryam BazrafshanThe recent research was done to consider the effect of the cooperative learning method on the students’ educational performance and attitude in Arabic language on the basis of the Jigsaw puzzle pattern in the first grade of high school. The research method was qua MoreThe recent research was done to consider the effect of the cooperative learning method on the students’ educational performance and attitude in Arabic language on the basis of the Jigsaw puzzle pattern in the first grade of high school. The research method was quasi- experimental and a pre-test and post-test were used for the control group. The statistical population was 24 female students in the first grade of Baharestan high school (region two). They were divided into two experimental and control groups in peer groups by cluster sampling and random assignment. To collect data, it was used two researcher- made questionnaires attitude and academic achievement tests. By using split half method, the general reliability coefficient was 0.78 for the academic achievement questionnaire and Cronbach's alpha was 0.86 for the Linkert- type attitude questionnaire. The results of covariance analysis showed the education on the basis of cooperative learning and Jigsaw puzzle pattern meaningfully increased the student’s educational performance and attitude in Arabic language. Finally, the effect of the educational plan of the cooperative learning was discussed on the student’s educational performance and attitude in Arabic language on the basis of Jigsaw puzzle pattern. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Explain the dimensions and indicators of participatory learning culture in the high school curriculum
mohsen dibaei saber Davood Tahmasebzadeh shekhlarThe present study has been compiled with the aim of Explain the dimensions and indicators of participatory learning culture in the high school curriculum. In this research, in the first part of the research, the meta-combined qualitative research method was used. A meta MoreThe present study has been compiled with the aim of Explain the dimensions and indicators of participatory learning culture in the high school curriculum. In this research, in the first part of the research, the meta-combined qualitative research method was used. A meta-combination similar to the meta-analysis method is used to integrate several studies to create comprehensive and interpretive findings. In the second part of the research, the modified Delphi method is used. In this research, first, to collect qualitative data from related research, the meta-combined qualitative research method was used, and by reviewing related research in this field, it extracted characteristics and then to reach a consensus of experts on dimensions, characteristics. Indicators of Cooperative learning culture in secondary school A significant number of selected experts were identified and using the modified Delphi quantitative research method, 15 questionnaires were distributed among them and after sending and receiving in three consecutive rounds, the relevant information was collected and analyzed. By studying various sources and researches in this field, four types of culture of central interaction, process-oriented, self-directed and transformative and 31 indicators of Cooperative learning culture were identified as indicators of Cooperative learning culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - An Efficient Collaborative Spectrum Sensing Method in Cognitive Radio Networks: Software-Defined Data Fusion Approach
Abbas Ali Sharifi Hamed Alizadeh Ghazijahani -
Open Access Article
45 - Identification and Prioritization of Organizational Intelligence Criteria in Production Cooperatives of Iran
Tahereh Yadegari Taheri Younos Vakil Alroaia Farshd Faezi Razi Seyyedabdollah Heydariyeh -
Open Access Article
46 - The impact of using participatory planning in residential neighborhoods to achieve smart growth (case study: Isargaran neighborhood of mashhad)
faeze kazerani Toktam Hanaei Seyed Moslem Seyedalhosseini -
Open Access Article
47 - Explaining The Sociological Problems Of Women Cooperatives By Focusing On Managers’ Needed Capabilities
Nasim Izadi Pouria Ataei Ahmad Yaghoubi FaraniThe aim of this study was to investigate the women cooperatives problems via focusing on the managers’ needed capabilities by qualitative method. Observation and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The population were executive managers of women MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the women cooperatives problems via focusing on the managers’ needed capabilities by qualitative method. Observation and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The population were executive managers of women cooperatives in Hamedan province (55 executive managers), who were interviewed as all the numbers. The deductive content analysis, coding and classification methods was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the problems of women cooperatives included: restrictions within the family, worry about the life responsibilities, support organizations poor performance, financial problems, gender discrimination, poor health, worrying about the future and weaknesses in communication. The problems could be more generally fit into four categories: the problems of psychological, sociological, economic and administrative entity. Finally, these four categories could be classified in two general categories, problems with interpersonal and intrapersonal problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Modeling of industrial cooperatives companies development using structural equation (Case Study: social welfare and cooperative ministry)
jalal olfati Hasan Rangriz kumars ahmadiCooperative companies are one of the major economic sectors in the country. The present study is quantitative and practical in terms of the purpose of the research type. The purpose of this study is modeling the development of industrial cooperatives using structural eq MoreCooperative companies are one of the major economic sectors in the country. The present study is quantitative and practical in terms of the purpose of the research type. The purpose of this study is modeling the development of industrial cooperatives using structural equation modeling. Data collection was done by field method and structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data Strauss and Corbinit was done in the second half of 2011. The sampling method used was a multi- stage cluster random. The population of the study consisted of board members and ceos of industrial cooperatives, experts of industrial cooperatives of ministry of cooperatives, labor and social welfare and university professors related to the cooperative sector and industrial cooperatives that were selected as statistical sample using Cochran formula. To collect the data from the researcher''s questionnaire, 97 questions were used with 0/839 cronbach''s alpha, and used to analyze the data from the pls software. The results showed that there is a relationship between causal conditions, intervening conditions, background conditions and consequences of development of industrial cooperatives with the main phenomenon and strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - A Survey on the Relationship between Employers and Employees Collaboration in Industrial Safety (Case Study: Industrial Cooperative in Kurdistan)
Heirsh SoltanpanahEmployees are the main asset of organizations and are of great importance. In this regard, employees and employers must comply with health and safety rules. In this study, the cooperative relationship between employers and employees and obeying the safety rules and heal MoreEmployees are the main asset of organizations and are of great importance. In this regard, employees and employers must comply with health and safety rules. In this study, the cooperative relationship between employers and employees and obeying the safety rules and health are examined in the industrial cooperatives of the Kurdistan province. This research is qualitative in terms of approach and practical in terms of objectives. Also, the method of correlational research survey is used which was conducted in cooperative companies of Kurdistan in the spring of 2015. The target population included all employees of industrial cooperatives in Kurdistan. 264 people were selected by random sampling. In this study, two questionnaires are used as the main tool to measure and collect the data. Validity and reliability were approved. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used. The results demonstrated that there is positive and significant relationship collaboration between employers and employees and the safety and health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - The Effect of Cooperative Learning Method on Fostering Students’ Geography Creativity
Parvin Ahmadi Parvin Samadi Mahnaz MinaeePurpose: This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of cooperative learning method ‎on fostering geography creativity of the tenth grade high school female students of ‎SHAHR e- Ray by using a quasi- experimental study.‎ Method: The statistica MorePurpose: This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of cooperative learning method ‎on fostering geography creativity of the tenth grade high school female students of ‎SHAHR e- Ray by using a quasi- experimental study.‎ Method: The statistical population of this research included all the female students in ‎tenth grade high school in the humanities field in SHAHR – e Ray. 27 students in high ‎school were selected by purposeful sampling method. Abedi’s creativity standard test ‎‎(1372) was used to collect data. The data analysis was conducted through paired - samples ‎t-test. Findings and Conclusion: The findings indicated that geography education by ‎cooperative learning method has significant effects on the fostering the creativity of ‎students (fluidity, elaboration, initiative, flexibility).‎ Keywords: Cooperative learning, Creativity, Geography. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Investigating the Impact of Agricultural Joint Stock Companies and Production Cooperatives on Rural Development in Kamyaran
Murad Kaykhosravi -
Open Access Article
52 - The Impacts of Livelihood Capitals on Improving the Sustainable Livelihood in Rural Communities with a Rural Cooperative Approach
Alborz Mohammadi Maryam Omidi Najafabadi Alireza Poursaeed -
Open Access Article
53 - A Path Analysis of Factors Influencing the Development of Entrepreneurship Skills and Innovation in Rural Cooperatives of Alborz Province
azita zand Masoumeh Arfaee -
Open Access Article
54 - Factor analysis of factors affecting the success of the performance of board members of rural, manufacturing, and agricultural cooperatives (Idmo city)
Mahmoud M. Al-Hamouli Heba S. Yassen Faiza A. Mohamed -
Open Access Article
55 - Comparison of Effectiveness of Reverse and Cooperative Learning Methods on Creativity and Academic Self-Efficacy of Female Senior High School Students
Tayebeh Fallah Fariba Hafezi Behnam Makvandi Sasan Bavi -
Open Access Article
56 - An investigation of the relationship between sources of control (internal and external ) and decision making styles (participatory, authoritative ) of school principals
alireza moshtagh hoseinali bahramzadehThe aim of this research is to study the relationship between the control source (internal- enternal ) of the high school schoolmasters of Bojnourd with their decision- making styles (imperious- cooperatirc ) in the educational year of 1388-89. The main hypothesis of th MoreThe aim of this research is to study the relationship between the control source (internal- enternal ) of the high school schoolmasters of Bojnourd with their decision- making styles (imperious- cooperatirc ) in the educational year of 1388-89. The main hypothesis of the study is that : There is are lationship between the control source ( internal- enternal ) of the high school school masters of Bojnord with their decision- making styles (imperionss- cooperatire ). For this reason, the source control of the principals as the independent variableand the decision- making styles as the dependent variable have been studied.Sexality, management enperience, the degree of the education and the age of the principals are the modifying variables and the educational time of the schoolmasters are the control variable. This reseach from the view point of aim was accounted for the applied researches. The type of descriptional research is of the unity type. The statistical society includes all of the schoolmasters of Bojnourd in the educational year of 1388-89. The sample volume was selected 56 people according to Jersey Table and Morgan that was with the simple accidental sampling. In order to gather the information from the two standard questionnaire, Rotter source control have 29 two- choice question that the factors suchas the free will , autonomy , The personal power of the humans , ability and effort , controlling , to value for the skills and their abilities against disability and the human desperation , self- strange, feeling of the helplessness, difficulty of the duty, chance and uncontrollable have been studied. And the questionnaire of Freed- Luthanz management style which have 35 questions that can be numerated according to the Liquert scale. The accuracy and durability of the two questionnaires had been verified by the academic advisors and consultant and the other specialists. For the analyzing of the information from SPSS software, had been used from the descriptional statistics method and presumptive ( Kheydu test ) and Pearson unity. The findings of the research shows that there is ameaningful relationship between the souree control (internal- enternal) of the high-school schoolmasters of Bojnord with their decision- making styles ( imperious- cooperative) in the educational year 1388-89 in the confidencelevel of 95 percent. Also ,of the sub- hypotheses , the second reseach hypothesis that shows the relationship between the internal control source of the principals and their decision-making styles is cooperative and the third research hypothesis that shows the relationship between the euternal control source of the principals with their decision- making style is imperions had been verified. Also from theresearch sub- results wecan torefer to the relationship between the management style and the management record that by increasing of the management record,the desine to use the cooperative management style increased and so there is arelationship between the control souree and the degree of education and with risingof the education's degree ( master's degree ), the control source, internalized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - The Impact of Cooperative Learning and Mobile Learning through Bluetooth Device on Vocabulary Learning of Iranian EFL Learners
Sahar Gholamalizadeh Bahador Sadeghi -
Open Access Article
58 - Effects of an Optimization Method to Determine Optimal Complementary Learning Clusters on Iranian EFL Learners' Language Proficiency
Zahra khashei -
Open Access Article
59 - The Effects of Cooperative Language Learning Strategies on Learning Active and Passive Structures among Iranian EFL Learners
Abbas Rahmani Mohammad Taghi Hassani -
Open Access Article
60 - Enhanced Comprehensive Learning Cooperative Particle Swarm Optimization with Fuzzy Inertia Weight (ECLCFPSO-IW)
Mojtaba Gholamian Mohammad Reza Meybodi -
Open Access Article
61 - Designing the Management Competency Model with Emphasis on the Postmodern Change Management
Mastaneh Ghonji Mohammad Chizari Hassan Sedighi Ali RabieeThis study was performed with aim of the management competency model with emphasis on postmodern change management (case study: ministry of Cooperative, Labor and Social Welfare).20 managers of the Ministry of Cooperative, Labor and Social Welfare were selected ba MoreThis study was performed with aim of the management competency model with emphasis on postmodern change management (case study: ministry of Cooperative, Labor and Social Welfare).20 managers of the Ministry of Cooperative, Labor and Social Welfare were selected based on the purposeful sampling with maximum difference. Semi-structured interview was done and the questionnaire of postmodern change management was conducted. Articles and books related to the management in postmodern organizations, national websites of the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare and job description of managers in the ministry of Cooperative, Labor and Welfare Social were studied. Management-Organizational competencies, Work place Competencies, Social Competencies and Personal Effectiveness Competencies were defined base on content analysis method. Postmodern Managerial competencies were divided to 20 axis competencies and 81 secondary competencies were divided. Validity and reliability of the model was confirmed at the end of research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Designing the viability Model of Entrepreneurial Businesses Among Cooperatives Based on Key Components of Entrepreneurship
Mehdi HoseinNejad Gholamhossein Hosseininia Hosein vazifehdustthis study aimed to design a viability model in entrepreneurial cooperatives under the gaurantee of the Cooperative Investment Guarantee Fund. In this regard, a qualitative and quantitative approach was used to identify and formulate effective factors on the viability o Morethis study aimed to design a viability model in entrepreneurial cooperatives under the gaurantee of the Cooperative Investment Guarantee Fund. In this regard, a qualitative and quantitative approach was used to identify and formulate effective factors on the viability of cooperatives. Delphi method and semi-structured interview in qualitative section and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in quantitative section have been used. The target population of this study is Entrepreneurial Cooperative Companies under the Gaurantee of Cooperative Investment Guarantee Fund. Some CEOs and board members of co-operatives were involved in the elite interview and Delphi process. In this research, the framework was first prepared using previous studies and interviews in this field, and then by using Delphi method of experts and by judicious and chain sampling, it was tried to develop the correct model according to the experts' opinion. The results of the interviews and Delphi stages identified 44 factors influencing the viability of cooperatives which were divided into 8 indices using exploratory factor analysis and then the research hypotheses were analyzed by structural equation analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The obtained structural model and path analysis in standard estimation mode showed that creativity and innovation had the greatest impact on the viability of entrepreneurial cooperatives. Other factors that influence the viability of entrepreneurial cooperatives in order of importance include environmental factors, the importance of cooperative agents, the commitment and responsibility of cooperatives, the right idea, the plan to sell, the ability to adopt new approaches and process-driven. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - The Comparison the Effectiveness of Cooperative and Brain Stroming Learning on the Student Social Adjustment and Self-Efficacy
Amir Yekanizad akbar soleimannezhad Norieh HajizadehThe current research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of cooperative learning and brainstorming on students' social adaptation and self-efficacy. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with two experimental groups MoreThe current research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of cooperative learning and brainstorming on students' social adaptation and self-efficacy. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with two experimental groups. The statistical population includes all the male students of the third year of the second year of high school in the field of humanities in Khoi city in the academic year of 1401-1400, and their number is 510, from among the statistical population, 70 people were selected using the multi-stage cluster sampling method, of which 35 people 35 people were trained in cooperative learning method and brainstorming method. To collect data, compromise behavior questionnaire (Lambert et al., 1974) and Scherer general self-efficacy questionnaire were used. Covariance analysis was used to analyze the data. The obtained results showed that the effectiveness of collaborative learning and brainstorming on increasing social adaptation and self-efficacy of students is significantly different. In other words, the effect of collaborative learning on increasing social adaptation is greater than the brainstorming method, and the effect of brainstorming on increasing self-efficacy is greater than the collaborative learning method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Studying the Effects of Cooperation Teaching Methods on the Academic Achievement of the Courses of Geography, History and Civic among Fifth Grade Students in Gorgan
Ozra Khazaei Aliasghar Bayani Hossein Fakouri HajiyarThe present study was to determine the influence of teaching on cooperative learning in subjects such as geography, history and civic-knowledge the metod of research was quasi-experimental. It’s kind of pretest and post-test. The target population included all pri MoreThe present study was to determine the influence of teaching on cooperative learning in subjects such as geography, history and civic-knowledge the metod of research was quasi-experimental. It’s kind of pretest and post-test. The target population included all primary boy student in grade five, in Gorgan (90-91). Sample size was forty, divided in two groups: 1. Experimental group, 2. Control group.in the experimental group cooperative learning method was used. Instrument was researcher-made academic achievement tests. All the tests were consistent in terms of validity and reability coefficient (0/86, 0/79). To analyzing data, it was used from covariance analysis (ANCOVA). The results have shown that cooperative learning improved academic achievement in as geography, history and civic-knowledge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Qualitative Analysis of the Challenges of Women Entrepreneurship in Cooperative Companies (Case Study: Kermanshah Province)
Bijan rezaee saba amiri.The present study was done with the aim of qualitative analysis of women entrepreneurship challenges in cooperative companies at Kermanshah province. The research method was qualitative in the case study and the data were collected through a semi-structured interview wi MoreThe present study was done with the aim of qualitative analysis of women entrepreneurship challenges in cooperative companies at Kermanshah province. The research method was qualitative in the case study and the data were collected through a semi-structured interview with 23 women entrepreneurs that selected based on theoretical sampling method. Based on the results of content analysis, women entrepreneurship challenges were divided into two categories: proactive and preventive factors; The proactive factors in the selected category of "balanced and endogenous development" were categorized into two categories of land and structural factors, the most important of which were carefulness of work, interest in the field of work, utilization of the support of surrounding people, appropriate educational environment; Also, the preventive factors in the selected category of "implementation problems" include two categories of weaknesses in infrastructure and support and policy deficiencies in government and organizations. and the "selection problems" of the manufacturing sector, including categories of supply chain distribution, distribution and monitoring, that lack of suitable space, lack of Confidence in each other, the lack of government support from producers, the high level of bank profits, the failure to address production problems, the strong market fluctuations and input prices, and product harassment were the most important priorities. Finally, suggestions were made to improve women's entrepreneurship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Analysis of social trust status and its dimensions Among the students of Islamic Azad University of Tehran
Somayeh Tajik EsmaeiliThe present study was designed and conducted to analyze the status of social trust and its dimensions among students of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran.The research method is descriptive and is a questionnaire with survey technique and measurement tool. For this p MoreThe present study was designed and conducted to analyze the status of social trust and its dimensions among students of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran.The research method is descriptive and is a questionnaire with survey technique and measurement tool. For this purpose, a sample of 400 people from all students of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran in 1398 (282,515 people) was selected and the 25-item "Social Trust" questionnaire of Saffarinia and Sharif (2010), including five indicators of honesty, frankness, cooperative tendencies, Confidence and trust, adapted from Johnson's theory, responded. Analysis of the research data showed that the general status of "cooperative tendencies" in the studied students was evaluated with an average of 3.90 above average and high. The overall status of "frankness" with an average of 3.34 slightly above average (3), the general status of "honesty" with an average of 3.07 on average, the general status of "confidence" with an average of 2.95 in the average of 3 have been seen and evaluated. The overall status of social trust was observed by the students with an average of 3.38 above average.Findings also indicate that only in "trust" of the indicators of social trust between male and female students is seen a significant difference (sig <0.05), trust in male students was higher. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Investigating the Tendency Rate of the University Students of Tabriz towards Membership in Job-creating Cooperatives.
Mozaffareddin Shahbazi Fateme GorbaniOne of the general guidelines in reducing the rate of unemployment is creating jobs, involving people in economic activities, and expanding cooperatives. Activating the cooperative sector, especially cooperatives which are in volved in production and self-employment, by MoreOne of the general guidelines in reducing the rate of unemployment is creating jobs, involving people in economic activities, and expanding cooperatives. Activating the cooperative sector, especially cooperatives which are in volved in production and self-employment, by relying on the academic capability of university graduates and considering the collectivist spirit of Iranians will pave the way for further presence in the global markets and opening the economic borders. Therefore, of the three sectors–cooperative, public, and private–the cooperative companies can provide better conditions for employing and involving university graduates. The purpose of this research is to investigate the tendency rate of the students of Public University and Islamic Azad Univery of Tabriz toward cooperatives and the factors affecting their tendency. For this purpose, after familiarity with cooperatives and the related theories (ideas of such thinkers as Robert Owen, Louiy Blone, Charles Fourier, etc.), we carried out a survey and collected the data by using a questionnaire distributed among a sample of 754 university students who were chosen by systematic stratified-random sampling. The result of the research indicate that the independent variables-social participation, social trust, social solidarity, satisfying needs, and individual characteristics (excluding age and income)-have a significant relationship whit the dependent variab – the students, tendency towards membership in job-creating cooperatives. In addition, it was revealed that there is a significant difference between the two groups (students of Islamic Azad University and students of public university) regarding their tendency towards membership in job-creating cooperatives (99%). The tendency is higher among Azad University students than public university students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Evaluative Approach to the Foreign Policy of Islamic Republic of Iran: with an Emphasis on East and Shanghai Cooperative Organization
کیهان برزگر علی آدمیResearches on the strategies toward the nations of East Asia aim to evaluate the possibilities of attaining political and security interests of Islamic republic of Iran in case of increasing cooperation with these nations. Present Iranian strategies toward East are so f MoreResearches on the strategies toward the nations of East Asia aim to evaluate the possibilities of attaining political and security interests of Islamic republic of Iran in case of increasing cooperation with these nations. Present Iranian strategies toward East are so formulated to make Iran able to neutralize the negative ramification of unilateral confrontation approaches taken by the West against Iran. So, it is tried in this article to examine how Iran could pursue its national interest within the nations of East Asia. These nations with their somewhat contrasting ideological approaches provide unfavorable conditions for Iran to formulate a coherent strategy for mutual cooperation in various areas of significant to Iran. This author believes that regionalism with an eastern approach best serves our national interest at the present time. Identity and cultural similarities’ of Islamic republic of Iran with those of these nations in East Asia provides an ample opportunity for us to pursue our security and economic objectives. Pursuing a coherent policy could provide and ensure the strategic and security necessities in the long run. Shanghai Cooperation Organization with two permanent members (Russia and China) of UN Security Council having more than one-third of the world population, vast territory and economic ability heralds a potentially powerful coalition in the future. Islamic republic of Iran with its present observation role in this organization and also the demand to become its permanent members leads to certain implications which within the framework and opportunities of membership facilitate the analysis of Iranian foreign policy. In this article, we aim to assess Iranian membership in this organization on four dimensions of Iranian politics, security, economic and culture. On this basis, we first apply theoretical explanations of the origin and continuation of Shanghai Organization. Having done this, we then study the effect of Iranian membership in this organization on dimensions of politics, security, economic and culture. Finally, the probability and improbability of Iran to become the permanent member of Shanghai Organization will be discussed and suggestions, based on our findings, will be made to the Iranian diplomatic approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the Permanent Membership of Islamic Republic of Iran
Alireza Rezaie Abbas SalehiShanghai Cooperation Organization with its two permanent members (Russia and China) of UN Security Counci, having more than one-third of the world population, vast territory and economic ability, heralds a potentially powerful coalition in the future. Islamic Republic o MoreShanghai Cooperation Organization with its two permanent members (Russia and China) of UN Security Counci, having more than one-third of the world population, vast territory and economic ability, heralds a potentially powerful coalition in the future. Islamic Republic of Iran, with its present observational role in this organization and the demand to become its permanent member, leads to certain implications which within the framework and opportunities of membership facilitate the analysis of Iranian foreign policy. In this article, we aim to assess Iranian membership in this organization on four dimensions of Iranian politics, security, economic and culture. On this basis, we, first apply theoretical explanation of the origin and continuation of Shanghai Organization. Having done that, we then study the effect of Iranian membership in this organization on four foretold dimensions. Finally, probability and improbability of permanent membership of Islamic republic of Iran will be discussed and suggestions are made to the Iranian diplomatic approaches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - بررسی تاثیر تکنیک آموزش گروهی راهبردی خواندن بر کاهش اضطراب خواندن زبان آموزان
Shabnam Abbasnezhad مسعود ذوقیمطالعه حاضر تلاشی برای بررسی اثربخشی یک روش آموزش خواندن به نام خواندن گروهی استراتژیکی اصلاحی - -MCSR در کاهش اضطراب خواندن زبان آموزان متوسط زبان انگلیسی بود. بر اساس یک طرح پیش آزمون و پس آزمون، MCSR با 64زبان آموززبان انگلیسی در سطح متوسط انجام شد. آنها با توجه Moreمطالعه حاضر تلاشی برای بررسی اثربخشی یک روش آموزش خواندن به نام خواندن گروهی استراتژیکی اصلاحی - -MCSR در کاهش اضطراب خواندن زبان آموزان متوسط زبان انگلیسی بود. بر اساس یک طرح پیش آزمون و پس آزمون، MCSR با 64زبان آموززبان انگلیسی در سطح متوسط انجام شد. آنها با توجه به MCSR بیش از دو و نیم ماه آموزش خواندن EFL دریافت کردند . پرسشنامه ای به نام EFLRAI در پیش آزمون و پس آزمونبه گروه ارائه شد. نتایج کمی نشان داد که دانش آموزان شرکت کننده دستاوردهای قابل توجهی در کاهش اضطراب خواندن را نشان داد ند. این مطالعه درک مارا نسبت به تاثیرگزاربودن روش MCSR بیشتر کرده و همچنین تاثیر استفاده از استراتژیهایی مانند MCSR را در غلبه بر مشکل بزرگ اضطراب خواندن در بین دانش آموزان EFL را شرح داد . معلمان توجهشان را از استفاده از روشهای سنتی تدریس مهارت ضروری خواندن به روشهای مدرن مانند MCSR تغیر دادند تا اضطراب و استرس دانش آموزانشان در خواندن را کاهش دهند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - مقایسه تأثیر بازخورددهی و نگارش در گروههای توأم با همکاری بر نگارش زبان آموزان
حمید مرعشی سحر حسینیپژوهش حاضر به منظور بررسی تأثیر بازخورددهی و نگارش در گروههای توأم با همکاری بر نگارش زبان آموزان انگلیسی صورت گرفت. بر این اساس، 60 زبان آموز مرد و زن از میان 90 زبان آموز سطح متوسط زبان انگلیسی بر اساس عملکرد آنها در یک نمونه آزمون PET انتخاب شدند و به دوگروه همگن ت Moreپژوهش حاضر به منظور بررسی تأثیر بازخورددهی و نگارش در گروههای توأم با همکاری بر نگارش زبان آموزان انگلیسی صورت گرفت. بر این اساس، 60 زبان آموز مرد و زن از میان 90 زبان آموز سطح متوسط زبان انگلیسی بر اساس عملکرد آنها در یک نمونه آزمون PET انتخاب شدند و به دوگروه همگن تقسیم گردیدند. هر دو گروه توسط همان معلم آموزش داده شد و ازکتاب یکسانی در طول دوره آموزشی استفاده کردند. علاوه بر این، فراگیران از میزان ساعت آموزشی و محیط فیزیکی یکسانی برخوردار بودند. بنابراین، تنها نکته متمایز کننده در گروه مورد پژوهش روش آموزش نگارش ارائه شده در کلاس درس بود. هر گروه از روش آموزشی خاص خود در طول دوره بهره مند شد. یافته های این پژوهش نشان داد که سطح نگارش به زبان دوم شرکت کنندگان به طور قابل توجهی در گروه نگارش گروهی توأم با همکاری نسبت به گروه بازخورد گروهی توام با همکاری بهبود یافته است. این یافته ها میتواند توسط معلمان زبان انگلیسی و طراحان برنامه های درسی در راستای ایجاد روش های مؤثر در تدریس مهارت نگارش به زبان انگلیسی مورد استفاده قرار بگیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - The assessment of the effectiveness of educational courses held for cooperative corporations in east azarbaijan province in 2011
Mohammad-Ali Farnia Sadegh Maleki-Avarsin Vahideh farshbafjoorThe aim of the present study was to investigate the assessment of the educational courses held for cooperative corporations in east azarbaijan province. The statistical population consisted of 7593 people, including all the people participated in educational classes. Us MoreThe aim of the present study was to investigate the assessment of the educational courses held for cooperative corporations in east azarbaijan province. The statistical population consisted of 7593 people, including all the people participated in educational classes. Using the Morgan table the sample size was 357 people. The sampling method was clustering. To gather the data, researcher made questionnaire for effectiveness based on kirk Patrick pattern was used. Using cronbach's Alpha the reliability was 0.94.To analyse the data the descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Since the results showed that holding educational courses for cooperative corporations was higher than average, ie. (3/86). Among the four dimensions of effectiveness: reaction, learning, behavior and outcome, the results were 3/99, 3/84, 3/72 and3/70 respectively. According to these results it can be said that the courses were more effective in transferring the concepts rather than performance. This might be because of the emphasis on theoretical aspect and lack of motivation among the learners for obtaining knowledge and change. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - The Comparison the Effectiveness of Cooperative and Traditional Learning on the Student Communication Skills and Self-Efficacy
Golamreza Golmohammad Nejad BahramiThe present study set out to compare the effectiveness of cooperative and traditional learning on the student communication skills and self-efficacy. Third year female students of high school in Bukan city in the 94-95 educational year were the population of the study. MoreThe present study set out to compare the effectiveness of cooperative and traditional learning on the student communication skills and self-efficacy. Third year female students of high school in Bukan city in the 94-95 educational year were the population of the study. 60 students were selected by using multi-stage cluster method. The 30 students were educated by traditional learning and 30 students were educated by cooperative learning methods. This Study was semi-experimental research. For data collection Jerabek communication skills and Scherer`s general self-efficacy questionnaires were used. Collected data were analyzed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The results showed the effectiveness of cooperative and traditional learning on the student’s communication skills and self-efficacy is significantly different. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - The Effect of traditional teaching and cooperation teaching on students’ Achievement and Attitude toward Mearef Islami Lesson in college student of Tabriz city (year 87-88)
Dِavood Hossaini nasab Noroz FallahThe method cooperative learning has been studies from different views. Studying of these views and comparing them with traditional learning resulted in presentation of a pattern, which has been executed in the present study (semi-empirical). &nb MoreThe method cooperative learning has been studies from different views. Studying of these views and comparing them with traditional learning resulted in presentation of a pattern, which has been executed in the present study (semi-empirical). The aim of this research is to compare the effect of cooperative and traditional teaching on academic achievement and attitude towards learning of Islamic studies Subject in pre-university centers of Tabriz. The statistical society of this research includes the male and female students of pre-university centers of Tabriz in 2008-2009 out of which 136 students were randomly selected as statistical sample. 69 subjects (one male class and one female class) were selected as cooperative group for cooperative learning and 67 subjects (one male class and one female class) as traditional group for traditional learning. Measurement tools used in this study included researcher-made academic achievement test based on the contents of Islamic Studies Subject and researcher-made attitude questionnaire for measuring the attitudes of the subjects towards learning the Islamic Studies Subject before and after teaching. First, the subjects of this study participated in attitude pre-test and after 12 weeks of traditional and cooperative teaching, the academic achievement and attitudes of subjects were measured. Independent and dependant T-tests were used for analyzing the data and the results showed that the academic achievement of cooperative group was more than that of the traditional group and there was a significant difference between their averages. The results also showed that the attitudes of students for learning and course subject in cooperative group had more positive changes in comparison with that of the students in traditional group and this change in females is more than males. The results of this study also confirmed the hypothesis that females have higher academic achievement than males in educational learning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - The Effectiveness of Cooperative Learning Patterns on Self-Directed Learning (Self-Management, Desire for Learning and Self-Control) in Female Students
Shadi Mousavi Bagher SardariThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cooperative learning patterns on self-directed learning (self-management, desire for learning and self-control) in female students. The present study is a semi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cooperative learning patterns on self-directed learning (self-management, desire for learning and self-control) in female students. The present study is a semi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and control group design. The statistical population of this study included all female students of the 6th grade elementary school in Maku city in the academic year of 2017-2018 to number of 458 people. From this population, a sample of 60 individuals (30 people per group) was selected by cluster sampling method and randomly replaced in two cooperative learning and traditional groups. Participants of the two groups completed the self-directed learning scale (SDL) in the pre and posttest stages and meanwhile, the subjects of experimental group were trained in 24 sessions of 45 minutes using jigsaw's cooperative learning pattern. Data analysis was performed using covariance analysis in spss program. Data analysis showed that the use of cooperative learning patterns led to significant difference between groups in the total score of self-directed learning at a rate of 77%, and self-control component of 55%, self-management 64%, and desire for learning 43%. Regarding the results, it can be argued that the cooperative learning patterns has been effective in student self-directed learning and has led to an increase in self-directed learning scores and its components include self-control, self-management, and desire for learning in the experimental group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - A Meta-analysis of Gender Interaction on the Effectiveness of Cooperative and Group Discussion Methods
Ayoub Feyzi Javad Mesr AbadiThe population of this meta-analysis were the available related studies done between 1370-1392 in the country, including full-text articles, theses and research projects in the databases and libraries, universities or government agencies. Based on the inclusion exclusio MoreThe population of this meta-analysis were the available related studies done between 1370-1392 in the country, including full-text articles, theses and research projects in the databases and libraries, universities or government agencies. Based on the inclusion exclusion criteria as well as sensitivity analysis, almost 323 effect size from about researches were investigated. The results of the combined effects of gender differences on the effectiveness of cooperative and discussion methods in random model for girls and boys was 0.665 and 0.589, respectively, which were both statistically significant effect sizes. Based on Cohen's criteria, we can say that the effectiveness of these methods for male and female students is average and desirable. Also, the independent t-test results showed that there is no statistically significant difference between the effect size means of boys and girls although the effect size for girls was greater. So, as suggested by the theoretical foundations of these teaching methods, these methods are not limited to a particular ability level or sex but all who are engaged in can benefit from these methods Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Effect of social characteristics of beneficiaries on their participation in watershed cooperatives (Case study: cooperative of Saghezchi-Chaei watershed of Ardabil province)
ardavan ghorbani amirhosein kavianpoor roohollah dabiriFor gaining the participation of living people in a watershed for cooperation of them in the watershed plans, the effective factors should be considered. In this study individuality- professionally and educational-extensional characteristics of the rural people which we MoreFor gaining the participation of living people in a watershed for cooperation of them in the watershed plans, the effective factors should be considered. In this study individuality- professionally and educational-extensional characteristics of the rural people which were the member of watershed cooperative of Saghezchi-Chaei watershed (Ardabil province), and the effect of these factors on the participation of those on the watershed cooperatives were investigated. This research was conducted based on descriptive survey design and questionnaire. The statistical population of the study was the member of the watershed cooperatives rural areas including, Saghezchi, Soha, Hour, Tafieh and Raz totally 115 beneficiaries, which were inhabitant on the Saghezchi-Chaei watershed. For data analysis SPSS software were used. Obtained results from the description of individuality- professionally of beneficiaries which were the members of watershed cooperative of Saghezchi-Chaei watershed including: age, main profession, amount of education, type of profession in village, amount of skill and etc show that; firstly the only old beneficiaries with low education, and farmer and animal keeper with moderate skills have interested to participate in the watershed cooperative. Young educated people have no considerable believes to the success of watershed cooperative and they prefer more to emigrate and less interested to stay in rural area, and do different activities in the form of cooperatives. Beneficiaries view in regards to the educational programs participation for the increase of participation was considerable and they asking for this program. Moreover, according to the significance of Mann-Whithney comparison coefficient (α=0.01), familiar members with the concept of exclusure and rural cooperative crops, have the highest participation in the watershed cooperatives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Effects of Cooperative Learning on Vocabulary Achievement of Reflective/Impulsive Iranian EFL Learners
Sajad Shafiee Seyyedeh Raziyeh Khavaran -
Open Access Article
79 - Student Teams Achievement Divisions and Think-Pair-Share: Which Works Better for Listening?
Hamid Marashi Zahra Tabatabayi -
Open Access Article
80 - The Effect of Computer Assisted Cooperative Language Learning on Iranian High School Students' Language Anxiety and Reading Comprehension
Maryam Sioofy Saeideh Ahangari -
Open Access Article
81 - Relationship among Self-perceived Oral Competence, Communication Apprehension, and Iranian EFL Learners’ Willingness to Communicate: Cooperative teaching in focus
Mansoureh Bahadori Seyed Moslem Hashemizadeh -
Open Access Article
82 - The Effect of Cooperation versus Collaboration on Iranian Students’ Reading Ability
Marzieh Taheri Mohammadreza Khodareza -
Open Access Article
83 - Effect of Individually-Generated, Teacher-Generated, and Cooperatively-Generated Graphic Organizer Activities on EFL Learners' Collocation Knowledge and Retention
Mansoureh Mojaverian Hossein Siahpoosh Mehran Davaribina -
Open Access Article
84 - Pedagogical Utility of Cooperative Writing Technique through Performance-oriented Classroom Structure
Nafiseh Hosseinpour Reza Biria Ehsan Rezvani -
Open Access Article
85 - Impact of STAD model of Cooperative Learning on Iranian EFL Learners’ Critical Thinking and Motivation
Abolhassan Nazari Omid Tabatabaei Mohammad Ali Heidari Shahreza -
Open Access Article
86 - Impact of Online Setting Collaboration through Strategy-Based Instruction on EFL Learners’ Self-efficacy and Oral Skills
Neda Ghabeli Masoud Tajadini Neda Fatehi Rad -
Open Access Article
87 - Iran and Qatar Cooperation in Gas Production from South Pars (North Dome) Gas-Condensate Field: A Game Theory Framework
Elmira Bayati Bijan Safavi Amir JafarzadehAbstract The purpose of this article is to examine the cooperation between Iran and Qatar in withdrawal of shared reservoirs of South Pars gas field (in Qatar: North Dome) by using game theory. The failure of a credible international agreement in determining the magnit MoreAbstract The purpose of this article is to examine the cooperation between Iran and Qatar in withdrawal of shared reservoirs of South Pars gas field (in Qatar: North Dome) by using game theory. The failure of a credible international agreement in determining the magnitude of the exploitation has led Qatar to become more promising by investing more in its oil and gas industries than Iran; this imbalance has caused a rash and pernicious competition. Following this incident, the main purpose of the paper is to examine the type of communication (cooperative or non-cooperative) through the game theory to achieve an optimal economic strategy for Iran. Results based on non-cooperative game design, solving methods through methods of elimination of dominated strategies (dominate strategies equilibrium), and Nash equilibrium showed that choosing the non-cooperative strategy is optimized for both countries and non-cooperation has more economic benefits for Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - A solution to Secrecy Sum Rate Enhancement in 5G Networks Using IRS and NOMA by Cooperative Legal Users
Afshin Souzani Mohammad Ali Pourmina Paeiz Azmi Mohammad Naser MoghadasiThe use of new physical layer security approaches such as intelligent reflective surfaces as well as the use of existing capabilities in the mobile network such as the participation of network users as network partners are solutions that can be very effective in the nex MoreThe use of new physical layer security approaches such as intelligent reflective surfaces as well as the use of existing capabilities in the mobile network such as the participation of network users as network partners are solutions that can be very effective in the next generation of mobile telecommunications to improve and increase the total Secrecy Rate in the physical layer.The proposed solution for improving the secrecy rate of the transmitted signal in the physical layer performed by closed-form solution to the described system. In this paper, we analyzed a network consisting of a gNB, two users, an IRS and an eavesdropper in an environment full of obstacles. Using Simulations, we evaluate our solution mathematically and investigate the effect of the eavesdropper location on the total secrecy rate. Also, the analysis and simulation of secrecy rate for the proposed network is performed by taking into account practical network considerations such as changing the location of the Eavesdropper in the network. In addition, the impact of changing the number of elements of smart surface arrays has been analyzed. The numerical results reveal that increasing IRS elements can enhance the ergodic secrecy rate, the reason is that increasing of IRS elements can focuses the main beam of data signal on the first user which increase secrecy rate. Finally, we compare the performance of the OMA and NOMA techniques in the proposed system model. We show that the NOMA technique provides 50% more ergodic secrecy rate compared to the OMA technique. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - A Three-Level Framework for Determining the Optimal Strategy of Microgrids to Participate in the Day-Ahead Competitive Market by Considering Electric Vehicles and Demand Response Programs
Abolfazl Bayatian Amir AhmarinejadIn this paper, a three-level scenario-based framework for determining the optimal strategy and planning of microgrids located in a 118-bus distribution system is presented. This paper considers the uncertai­nties of renewable energy resources, load demand, and the c MoreIn this paper, a three-level scenario-based framework for determining the optimal strategy and planning of microgrids located in a 118-bus distribution system is presented. This paper considers the uncertai­nties of renewable energy resources, load demand, and the charge / discharge schedule of electric vehicles. In order to increase planning flexibility, the operator will be able to change the flow through the distribution feeder reconfiguration. Also in the proposed model, customers will be able to reduce their costs by participating in a demand response program. In the first level of the proposed model, the bidding strategy of microgrids is determined. In the second level, the market clearing price is determined by the independent system operator and according to the submitted bids. Finally, in the third stage, the problem of final microgrid programming is solved by a participatory game theory method. The proposed model is solved by the CPLEX solver in GAMS software and the results show that the dynamic topology improves the planning flexibility and thus reduces the total operating cost by about 10%. The results also show that the coordination of electric vehicles with scheduling, the presence of storage systems and the implementation of the demand response program leads to a significant reduction in the level of market-clearing price and thus reduce operating costs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Overhead Reduction in Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Via Sequential Detection in Cognitive Radio Networks Under Bandwidth Constraint
Samira Torabi Ali Bahrami Mohammad Farzan SabahiReliable and efficient spectrum sensing plays an important role in cognitive radio networks. On the other hand, accurate and fast sensing of spectrum is the main function of a cognitive radio for cognitive users to avoid harmful interference in licensed users. However, MoreReliable and efficient spectrum sensing plays an important role in cognitive radio networks. On the other hand, accurate and fast sensing of spectrum is the main function of a cognitive radio for cognitive users to avoid harmful interference in licensed users. However, detection performance issues are often shadowing, fading and receiver uncertainty. To mitigate the impact of these issues, cooperative spectrum sensing as an effective method is presented to improve the detection performance with help of spatial diversity. Cooperative spectrum sensing leads to CR detection performance improvement. In order to execute the cooperative spectrum sensing among cognitive radio users, data fusion schemes are superior to that of decision fusion ones in terms of the detection performance but suffer from the disadvantage of huge traffic overhead when bandwidth constraint of communication channels is taken into account. The overhead contains additional sensing time, delay, energy and sensing actions dedicated to cooperative sequential sensing any also contains any performance degradation that is caused by cooperative sensing. The purpose of this paper is reviewing of the cooperative sensing techniques with sequential methods. The simulation results show that with reducing the number of examined samples, the sensing time and the energy will be reduced and as the result, the overhead will be reduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Resource Allocation for OFDMA Two-Hope Cooperative Cellular Networks: Considering QoS and Fairness Constraints
Hemed Bani ZamanAbstract – Joint bit allocation, relay selection and subcarrier assignment are critical for achieving full benefits of OFDM-based cooperative relay networks. In this paper, first such a problem is studied in a dual hop OFDMA cooperative network consisting in multi MoreAbstract – Joint bit allocation, relay selection and subcarrier assignment are critical for achieving full benefits of OFDM-based cooperative relay networks. In this paper, first such a problem is studied in a dual hop OFDMA cooperative network consisting in multi source nodes, multiple decode-and-forward (DF) relays and a single destination node. The aim is to minimize overall transmission power under the bit-error-rate (BER) and data rate constraints. However, the optimal solution to the optimization problem is computationally complex to obtain and may be unfair. Assuming knowledge of the instantaneous channel gains for all links in the entire network, an iterative three-step resource allocation algorithm with low complexity is proposed. It performs the privileged user selection based on fairness criterion first, and then allocates subcarrier-relay with the given constraints. Finally, power and bit are assigned to the selected subcarriers based on the water-filling algorithm. In order to guarantee the fairness of users, several fairness criteria are also proposed to provide attractive trade-offs between network performance (i.e. overall transmission power, average network lifetime and average outage probability) and fairness to all users. Numerical studies are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm in two practical scenarios. Simulation results show that the proposed allocation algorithm achieves an efficient trade-off between network performance and fairness among users. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - The Impact of Using Flipped Classrooms on Iranian EFL Learners' Autonomy and Their Attitude Toward Learning English
Seyed Ali Hosseini Payman Rajabi Keivan Mahmoodi -
Open Access Article
93 - Cooperative Error Detection in Online Learning: Focusing on Psychology ESP Students’ Writing Accuracy and Their Learning Styles
Maryam Mohammadi Sarab Omid Tabatabaei Hadi Salehi Azizeh Chalak -
Open Access Article
94 - Efficiency of Extended Two-Stage Systems in Presence of Triangular Fuzzy Number
Manoochehr Ziyae Berentin Ghasem Tohidi Shabnam Razavyan Mahnaz Barkhordari Ahmadi -
Open Access Article
95 - تأثیر استفاده از مدل اِستاد یادگیری مشارکتی بر خودمختاری و نگرش زبان آموزان انگلیسی دبیرستان های ایران
ابوالحسن نطریاین مطالعه شبه تجربی به بررسی تأثیر یادگیری مشارکتی بر خودمختاری و نگرش زبان آموزان دبیرستانی زبان انگلیسی پرداخته است. برای دستیابی به هدف مطالعه، 142 دانش آموز یادگیرنده زبان انگلیسی بر اساس عملکرد آنها در آزمون آکسفورد (OQPT) انتخاب شدند. دانشآموزان به دو گروه آزمای Moreاین مطالعه شبه تجربی به بررسی تأثیر یادگیری مشارکتی بر خودمختاری و نگرش زبان آموزان دبیرستانی زبان انگلیسی پرداخته است. برای دستیابی به هدف مطالعه، 142 دانش آموز یادگیرنده زبان انگلیسی بر اساس عملکرد آنها در آزمون آکسفورد (OQPT) انتخاب شدند. دانشآموزان به دو گروه آزمایشی دریافتکننده مداخله از طریق الگوی یادگیری مشارکتی STAD و گروه کنترل تقسیم شدند. برای تشخیص رفتارهای ورودی شرکت کنندگان، پیش آزمون اجرا شد. در طول یک ترم آموزشی، محتوای آموزشی مشابهی به EG و CG آموزش داده شد. همچنین برای افشای تأثیر مداخله، پس آزمون خودمختاری مشابه پیش آزمون اما به ترتیب بازآرایی در گزینه ها و گویه ها و همچنین پس آزمون نگرش با ویژگی های یکسان در پایان آموزش برای دانش آموزان هر دو گروه اجرا شد. همچنین، میانگین نمرات پرسشنامه استقلال و نگرش به ترتیب با استفاده از تحلیل کوواریانس یک طرفه و کای اسکوئر مقایسه شد. نتایج نشان داد که هر دو فرضیه صفر رد می شود و در نتیجه نتیجه گیری می شود که یادگیری مشارکتی تأثیر معنی داری بر استقلال و نگرش زبان آموزان ایرانی دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Synthesis and in vitro antibacterial study of dihydropyrano[3,2-c]chromene derivatives by nano fluoro apatite doped with Mg and Si as a cooperative catalyst
Elmira Jahangard Leila Khazdooz Amin Zarei -
Open Access Article
97 - یک مقدار شپلی برپایه انتروپی برای رتبه بندی در تحلیل پوششی داده ها
رضا فلاح نژاد ساناز اسدی رحمتی کیوان مرادی پوردر تحلیل پوششی داده های معمولی، واحدهای تصمیم گیرنده (DMU) به دو دسته کارا و ناکارا تقسیم می شوند، اما امتیاز همه واحدهای کارا برابر با یک است و هیچ تمایزی بین آنها وجود ندارد. بنابراین روش های رتبه بندی متعددی برای افزایش قدرت تمایز پیشنهاد شده است. این مقاله یک چارچوب Moreدر تحلیل پوششی داده های معمولی، واحدهای تصمیم گیرنده (DMU) به دو دسته کارا و ناکارا تقسیم می شوند، اما امتیاز همه واحدهای کارا برابر با یک است و هیچ تمایزی بین آنها وجود ندارد. بنابراین روش های رتبه بندی متعددی برای افزایش قدرت تمایز پیشنهاد شده است. این مقاله یک چارچوب یکپارچه از بازی های همکارانه و آنتروپی را برای رتبه بندی واحدهای کارا با در نظر گرفتن واحدهای کارا به عنوان بازیکنان در یک بازی همکارانه پیشنهاد می کند، زیر مجموعه ای از این بازیکنان به عنوان ائتلاف S تعریف می شود. مجموع کارایی DMUهای ناکارا با توجه به مجموعه امکان تولید شامل DMUهای ناکارا و اعضای کارای عضو ائتلاف S به عنوان تابع مشخصه ائتلاف S تعریف می شود که برای تعیین تاثیر حاشیه ای DMUهای کارا استفاده می شود. سپس، یک مقدار شپلی جدید، حاصل از تجمیع وزن دار شده تاثیرات حاشیه ای DMUهای کارا با آنتروپی شانون برای رتبه بندی DMUهای کارآمد استفاده می شود. برای اولین بار، از آنتروپی برای ایجاد یک مقدار شپلی برای محاسبه رتبه واحدهای کارا استفاده می کنیم. دو مثال برای نشان دادن کاربرد مدل پیشنهادی ارائه شده است Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Effective factors of participation members of rural coopratives companies in Tehran (case study Shahriar city)
Saeid Zargarani Vahid Riahi hassan afrakhtehEffective Factors in the Cooperation of Villagers in Rural Cooperative Companies in Tehran (Case study: Shariar city)AbstractIntroduction: Cooperatives as an organization are a system for movement and coordination of various efforts between members to gain common target MoreEffective Factors in the Cooperation of Villagers in Rural Cooperative Companies in Tehran (Case study: Shariar city)AbstractIntroduction: Cooperatives as an organization are a system for movement and coordination of various efforts between members to gain common targets.The purpose of the study: The aim of the current research is to find out the effective factors in the cooperation of villagers in Rural cooperatives companies.Methodology: The current study is applied regarding the purpose of the study, and descriptive-analytic with respect to method. To study the success rate of rural cooperative companies in the city, Central Division has been done. The study objectives include: attitude towards cooperative members, the participation rate of members of the cooperative activities of companies, studying the social, economic and individual members, mutual understanding and relations between these effects. Geographical area of the research: This study has been done in the geographical area of Shahriar.Results and discussion: The study is descriptive and solidarity through a survey using questionnaires and interviews. The statistical community members of rural cooperative companies in Shahriar City Township had a total of 3000 people. Number 345 out of random sampling as the sample were determined. Validity of the questionnaire was also calculated.Conclusion: Data analysis showed that there is a significant relationship and a strong correlation (65% = r) between trait individual satisfaction, attitude and knowledge, land and household income levels and these variables significantly associated with successful partnerships there.Key words: Rural development, Rural production cooperatives, Rural partnership, Shahriar city Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Evaluation and analysis of the role of housing cooperatives in the reproduction and organization of urban space (Case Study: Zanjan city)
majid hazrati Mohammad Taghi Heydari jafar mahdiyounIntroduction: Today, housing cooperatives with the participation of the private sector and the support of the government, along with rural-urban migrants with different economic bases, play a significant role in the rapid expansion of the physical boundaries of urban se MoreIntroduction: Today, housing cooperatives with the participation of the private sector and the support of the government, along with rural-urban migrants with different economic bases, play a significant role in the rapid expansion of the physical boundaries of urban settlements.Research Aime: In this research, he investigated and analyzed the role of housing cooperatives in reproducing and organizing the urban space in Zanjan city.Methodology: This research is descriptive-analytical in nature. In the descriptive method, data has been collected using library studies and field studies through a questionnaire. The statistical population includes 430,871 citizens of Zanjan. 384 samples were selected by Cochran's formula. Data analysis was performed using TODIM multi-criteria decision model and path analysis test and DPSIR model with the help of Excel and SPSS software.Studied Areas: The geographical area of the research includes the city of Zanjan. Results: The findings showed that housing cooperatives have played a significant role in the reproduction and organization of urban space in Zanjan with an average of 3.43. Among the influential components of housing cooperative performance, the economic quality component of housing with an average of 3.61 in order to produce physical space in the city and build housing, has been able to organize the performance of economic drivers of housing production in the city. Also, according to the path analysis test, the response component with a direct effect of 0.527 is most related to the reproduction of urban space in the form of housing cooperatives in Zanjan. Conclusion: The results showed that housing cooperatives are an effective factor in reproducing the atmosphere of Zanjan city. Therefore, in order to improve the performance of cooperatives in reproducing efficient urban space and organizing housing, paying attention to urban regeneration policies; serious follow-up of construction violations and change of use; Determining population capacity and density limit is necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Identify Variables Affecting Rural Participation in Forest Cooperatives (A case study of Ilam city)
Amin Ghorbani Mohsen Mousaei Mohammadbagher Arayesh -
Open Access Article
101 - Analysis of Risks in Financing Agriculture a Case of Agricultural Cooperatives in Benue State, Nigeria
Odey Ogah Felix Ikyereve Francis Ogebe -
Open Access Article
102 - Determining the Factors Effective the Effectiveness of Agricultural Mechanization Cooperatives by Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Ali Salehi Solieman Rasouliazar -
Open Access Article
103 - Factors Affecting the Improvement of the Cooperatives Agricultural Education in the Lorestan Province, Iran
Elahe Rashidipour -
Open Access Article
104 - Economic Analysis of Cooperative Societies and Agricultural Productivity in Rural Households in Delta State, Nigeria
Peter Emaziye -
Open Access Article
105 - Comparative Analysis of the Status of Agricultural Cooperative Extension Training in Compliance with The Learning Organization in Iran
Elahe Kiani Azadeh Noorollah Noorivandi Ahmad reza Ommani Tahmasb Maghsoodi -
Open Access Article
106 - Identify and analysis of indicators and sub-indicators of innovation management in agricultural cooperatives of Iran
Manoochehr Alizadehnia Ahmad Reza Ommani Azadeh Noorollah Noorivandi Tahmasb Maghsoodi -
Open Access Article
107 - Technology Adopters versus Non-Technology Adopters on the Sustainability of Agricultural Cooperatives
Erwin Kurniawan A. Nurjanana Nurjanana Ndan Imang Arfiah Busari Purwanti Purwanti Dio__Caisar__Darma Dio__Caisar__DarmaIn the current situation, the world is busy with technological advances, including Indonesia. Since its arrival, many business fields have competed with each other to take part as technology users. One business sector that cannot be separated from technological support MoreIn the current situation, the world is busy with technological advances, including Indonesia. Since its arrival, many business fields have competed with each other to take part as technology users. One business sector that cannot be separated from technological support is cooperatives. On the other hand, some cooperatives in the developing phase experience technological lag. At the same time, East Kutai Regency, which is the agricultural center in East Kalimantan Province, tends to rely on the cooperative sector to encourage small and medium-scale economies. This research aims to investigate the causality between access to computers (AC), internet networks (IN), digital administration skills (DAS), and financial literacy (FL) on profits (PFT). The objectivity of the study compares agricultural cooperatives that adopt technology with adopt non-technology. Using panel data regression from eighteen sub-districts in East Kutai, it is proven that technology adopting agricultural cooperatives were more prominent than non-technology adopting agricultural cooperatives during 2017–2022. However, there is a harmony in the statistical findings from both observations, where access to computers and financial literacy both have a significant effect on profits. Other analysis results show that internet networks and digital administration skills have an insignificant impact on profits. The study's implications provide valuable output for the future sustainability of agricultural cooperatives. The success of agricultural cooperatives depends greatly on the effectiveness of the application of technology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Assessment of Women Agribusiness Cooperatives in Oyo State, Nigeria
J. H Kagbu, F.O Issa, -
Open Access Article
109 - Entrepreneurship Approaches in Agricultural Cooperatives
M, Hekmat -
Open Access Article
110 - An Evaluation of The Major Constraints Hampering the Effective Functioning of the Nigerian Agricultural Cooperative and Rural Development Bank in Kogi State, Nigeria
Adofu I Orebiyi J. S Otitolaiye J. O -
Open Access Article
111 - Analysis of Extension and Education Contents in Agricultural Cooperatives in the Lorestan Province of Iran
Elahe Rashidipour Azadeh N. Noorivandi -
Open Access Article
112 - Studying Relationship between Socio-Cultural, Economical and Managerial Factors with the Participation Rate of Agricultural Cooperatives’ Members (Case Study, Shirvan Chardavol Township, Ilam Province, Iran)
Mohammad Bagher Arayesh -
Open Access Article
113 - Analyzing Knowledge of Rural Cooperatives Managers in Khouzestan Province toward Electronic Commerce
Elahe Kiani -
Open Access Article
114 - The Role of Livestock Cooperatives in Improving Economic Status of Animal Raisers: A Case Study on Cattle Breeders, Hamedan, Iran
Samira Jeyhooni Mohammad Karim Motamed Reza Movahedi Hadi Fathi -
Open Access Article
115 - Analyzing Attitude of Rural Cooperatives Managers in Khouzestan Province toward Electronic Commerce
Elahe Kiani Azadeh N. Noorivandi -
Open Access Article
116 - The construction and personal experience of professors and experts in the field of rural cooperatives in line with economic policies
Nasrin Khodabakhshi Zainolabedin Amini sabeq Masoud Ghorban hosaini Ehsan SadehThe purpose of this study is to present a theoretical framework and paradigm model of personal structure of professors and policy makers of rural cooperatives in Iran to present a local theory and its validation among professors and policy makers. The statistical sample MoreThe purpose of this study is to present a theoretical framework and paradigm model of personal structure of professors and policy makers of rural cooperatives in Iran to present a local theory and its validation among professors and policy makers. The statistical sample in the qualitative section of the 20 rural cooperative policy makers and experts interviewed. The results show that the theoretical framework discovered by this study suggests that the country's rural cooperative policy makers and experts had high potentials and potentials for explaining the successful implementation of rural cooperative policies in the context of a resilient economy and in their view that “successful implementation of rural cooperative policy in Predicting the tools of implementation and culture, engaging public stakeholders and executives, while sharing them in comprehensive partnerships with strategies such as optimizing the economy and developing synchronized and convergent rural resources, to develop rural cooperatives based on local empowerment and self-sufficiency. Essentially, the degree to which the successful implementation of rural cooperative policies in the direction of a resisting economy depends on the components discovered in the model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - The Socio – cultural factors related with success of productive cooperatives in Yazd
اکبر زارع مسعود حاجی زاده میمندی حامد سیارخلجDriving force of economic growth and prosperity of any nation and the country. The aim of study the factors affecting the success of the productive cooperatives in Yazd. The study of application and survey methods. The study population include all members of active prod MoreDriving force of economic growth and prosperity of any nation and the country. The aim of study the factors affecting the success of the productive cooperatives in Yazd. The study of application and survey methods. The study population include all members of active productive cooperatives of Yazd, where 196 of them were determined using Cochran's formula as the sample size. Data collected in this survey Investigated questionaire is used. Validity and reliability of the face and was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha. The results showed that the positive and significant relationship between education, participation, learning and cultural capital with success of productive cooperatives. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that participation variables, education, training and cultural capital in total 38% of the variation can explain the success of productive cooperatives. Success of productive cooperatives assess their dependent on several factors requires a multifaceted approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - ارزیابی ساز و کارهای بهبود و ساماندهی تعاونیهای آببران در شهرستان اسفراین به روش AHP
زهرا حسین پور محمدحسین منهاج محمد کاوسی کلاشمینهادینه کردن تعاونیهای آببران یکی از سازوکارهای مدیریت مشارکتی آبیاری است که بسترساز مشارکت کشاورزان در غلبه بر مشکل کم آبی در رسیدن به اهداف مدیریت پایدار آب کشاورزی به شیوهای اثربخش خواهد بود. هدف کلی تحقیق حاضر، شناسایی زمینه-های بهبود تشکلهای آببران و اولویتب Moreنهادینه کردن تعاونیهای آببران یکی از سازوکارهای مدیریت مشارکتی آبیاری است که بسترساز مشارکت کشاورزان در غلبه بر مشکل کم آبی در رسیدن به اهداف مدیریت پایدار آب کشاورزی به شیوهای اثربخش خواهد بود. هدف کلی تحقیق حاضر، شناسایی زمینه-های بهبود تشکلهای آببران و اولویتبندی مولفههای موثر در توسعه و تقویت تشکلها میباشد. جامعه آماری تحقیق را، کارشناسان صاحب نظر و اعضای هیأت مدیره تعاونی و همچنین کشاورزان نمونهای که عضو تعاونی آببران درسال 1394 میباشند (40 نفر)، تشکیل میدهد که انتخاب افراد مورد مصاحبه به صورت سرشماری (تمام شماری)، انجام گرفت. پس از مصاحبه و تکمیل پرسشنامهها، برای رتبهبندی ساز و کارهای بهبود و ساماندهی تعاونیهای آببران، از روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی (نرم افزار اکسپرت چویس 11) استفاده گردید. براساس وزن نهایی معیارها، به ترتیب ساز و کارهای حمایتی(0/266)، مدیریت آب کشاورزی(0/261)، اقتصادی(0/183)، آموزشی و ترویجی(0/123)، قانونی(0/090) و نگرش اعضای تعاونی آببران(0/076) قرار گرفتند.با توجه به این که سازوکارهای حمایتی، مدیریت آب کشاورزی و اقتصادی به عنوان مهمترین سازوکارهای بهبود تعاونی آببران هستند، از اینرو پیشنهاد میگردد سازمان جهاد کشاورزی با همکاری بانک کشاورزی تسهیلات و اعتبارات بانکی با بهره خیلی کم در جهت تبدیل آبیاری سنتی به آبیاری تحت فشار در اختیار بهرهبرداران قرار دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - مقایسه مولفههای سرمایه اجتماعی جنگلنشینان عضو و غیرعضو تعاونیهای جنگلنشین در شهرستان سیاهکل
محمدعلی زارع علی رضا اسلامیهدف از این مطالعه مقایسه ی مولفه های سرمایه اجتماعی جنگلن شینان عضو و غیرعضو تعاونی جنگل نشین شهرستان سیاهکل بود. حجم نمونه از طریق فرمول کوکران 300 نفر محاسبه شد (150 نفر عضو تعاونی و 150 نفر غیر عضو(و روش نمونه گیری تصادفی ساده بود. با توجه به گزاره های تحقیق از روش ه Moreهدف از این مطالعه مقایسه ی مولفه های سرمایه اجتماعی جنگلن شینان عضو و غیرعضو تعاونی جنگل نشین شهرستان سیاهکل بود. حجم نمونه از طریق فرمول کوکران 300 نفر محاسبه شد (150 نفر عضو تعاونی و 150 نفر غیر عضو(و روش نمونه گیری تصادفی ساده بود. با توجه به گزاره های تحقیق از روش های مطالعه اسنادی و کتابخانه ای و نیز روش میدانی به کمک پرسشنامه استفاده شد. در این تحقیق برای آزمون فرضیه ها از ضرایب همبستگی، آزمون های t و من ویتنی و رگرسیون چند متغیره استفاد شد. نتایج یافته های استنباطی حاکی از آن بود که بین متغیرهای تعاون و تعامل اجتماعی، تعاون و تضاد اجتماعی، تعاون اجتماعی و شبکه ی روابط غیر رسمی، تعاون اجتماعی و اعتماد به دیگران، تعاون اجتماعی و اعتماد به نهاده ها، تعاون اجتماعی و مشارکت اجتماعی و در نهایت تضاد اجتماعی و شبکه روابط غیر رسمی در سطح یک درصد رابطه مثبت و معناداری وجود دارد. بر اساس آزمون t بیشتر شاخص های فردی افراد عضو و غیرعضو تعاونی های جنگل نشین با یکدیگر در سطح یک درصد تفاوت معنی داری نشان دادند. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل و مقایسه میانگین های رتبه ای نشان داد که در مولفه های سرمایه اجتماعی جنگل نشینان عضو و غیر عضو تعاونی های جنگل نشین درخصوص تمامی مولفه ها تفاوت معنی دار بین اعضا و غیراعضای تعاونی وجود دارد به جز در خصوص مولفه اعتماد به نهاده ها که تفاوت معنی دار نداشت. نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون نشان داد که در حدود 68 درصد تغییرات متغیر وابسته (مولفه های سرمایه اجتماعی) توسط متغیر مستقلی (عضویت یا عدم عضویت در تعاونی) که وارد معادله رگرسیون شده اند تعیین می شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - شایستگی های کارآفرینانه ی مدیران در تعاونیهای زنان روستایی همدان
رضا موحدی سارا جلیلیانپژوهش حاضر با هدف تحیل شایستگیهای کارآفرینانهی مدیران تعاونیهای زنان استان همدان انجام شده است. روش انجام تحقیق به صورت پیمایشی و با استفاده از ابزار پرسشنامه انجام پذیرفت. گردآوری داده­ها با تکمیل پرسشنامه­ها توسط 105 نفر از مدیران تعاونی­ها به عنو Moreپژوهش حاضر با هدف تحیل شایستگیهای کارآفرینانهی مدیران تعاونیهای زنان استان همدان انجام شده است. روش انجام تحقیق به صورت پیمایشی و با استفاده از ابزار پرسشنامه انجام پذیرفت. گردآوری داده­ها با تکمیل پرسشنامه­ها توسط 105 نفر از مدیران تعاونی­ها به عنوان نمونه­های تحقیق صورت گرفت. روایی پرسشنامه بر اساس نظر کارشناسان و متخصصان امر بررسی و تایید گردید و پایایی نیز با استفاده از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ 94/0= α محاسبه و مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. شایستگی­های کارآفرینانه مدیران تعاونی­های مورد مطالعه در هشت عامل قرار گرفتند. این عوامل عبارت بودند از "داشتن اهداف راهبردی"، "توانایی نظارت و سازماندهی افراد"، "ریسکپذیری"، "توانایی ایجاد انگیزه و اعتماد در افراد"، "برخورداری از نگرش مثبت و انتقادپذیر"، "توانایی شناسایی و درک نیاز مشتریان"، "مهارت در روابط عمومی و کسب و بکارگیری مهارت و انرژی". به منظور بررسی برازش مدل اندازه­گیری مربوط به سازه شایستگی­های کارآفرینانه مدیران تعاونی­های مورد مطالعه، از مدل معادلات­ساختاری با نرمافزار LISREL8.8 استفاده شد. نتایج مدل نشان دهنده برازش مناسب برای هشت سازه ذکر شده در بالا بود. همچنین سه نوع شاخص برازش مدل شامل شاخص نیکویی برازش (85/0PNFI= و90/0CFI=)، شاخص تطبیقی (99/0NNFI= ، 94/0 NFI=) و شاخصهای برازش مقتصد (027/0 = RMSEA و 078/1 = ) برازش عالی و مناسب مدل اندازه­گیری شایستگیهای کارآفرینانهی مدیران تعاونیهای زنان را با داده­های مشاهده شده تأیید نمودند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Agricultural Cooperatives and Improved Technologies Adoption among Smallholder Farmers in Cocoa-Based Farming Systems of Southwestern Nigeria
Ayodeji Kehinde -
Open Access Article
122 - رویکرد آمیخته در طراحی الگوی توسعه رفتار کارآفرینانه در تعاونیهای کشاورزی استان کرمانشاه
سعیده نوری کوروش روستا نادر نادریپژوهش حاضر با هدف طراحی مدل توسعه رفتار کارآفرینانه در تعاونی­های کشاورزی استان کرمانشاه با رویکرد آمیخته- اکتشافی انجام شد. در بخش کیفی پژوهش، مشارکتکنندگان شامل کلیه مطلعان کلیدی در حوزه کارآفرینی در تعاونیهای استان کرمانشاه بودند. 30 نفر از مشارکتکنندگان با اس Moreپژوهش حاضر با هدف طراحی مدل توسعه رفتار کارآفرینانه در تعاونی­های کشاورزی استان کرمانشاه با رویکرد آمیخته- اکتشافی انجام شد. در بخش کیفی پژوهش، مشارکتکنندگان شامل کلیه مطلعان کلیدی در حوزه کارآفرینی در تعاونیهای استان کرمانشاه بودند. 30 نفر از مشارکتکنندگان با استفاده از روش نمونه­گیری هدفمند از نوع گلوله برفی انتخاب شدند. جامعه آماری در بخش کمی شامل 530 نفر از مدیران و اعضای تعاونی­های فعال کشاورزی استان کرمانشاه بودند. از این میان 223 نفر با استفاده از روش نمونه­گیری طبقه­ای و بر اساس جدول کرجسی و مورگان انتخاب شدند. داده­های جمع­آوری شده در مرحله کیفی توسط نرم افزار Nvivo8 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت و نظریه زمینه­ای در قالب یک مدل مفهومی توسعه یافت. در بخش کمی برای تحلیل مدل ابتدا فرضیه­های تحقیق تعیین و سپس با استفاده از روش تحلیل مسیر در نرم­افزارهای SPSS23 و SmartPLS3 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافتهها در مرحله کیفی براساس مدل نظریه زمینهای در 6 طبقه ارائه شدند: 1) شرایط علی (مانند کسب سود اقتصادی، انگیزههای شخصی و غیره)، 2) شرایط زمینهای (مانند عوامل فرهنگی، حوزههای کاری متنوع و غیره). 3) شرایط مداخله گر (مانند تحریم ها، نوسانات بازار و غیره)، 4) پدیدهها (رفتار کارآفرینانه مانند نوآوری، واردات در انجام کار و ...)، 5) استراتژیها (مانند فعالیتهای آموزشی-ترویجی، به روز نگه داشتن تعاونیها و ... و غیره) و 6) پیامدها (خودکفایی در تولید، جلوگیری از افسردگی تعاونیها و ...). در مرحله کمی، مدل نوظهور از بخش کیفی مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت و در نهایت مدل مورد تایید قرار گرفت. بر اساس نتایج، پیشنهاد میشود به منظور توسعه رفتار کارآفرینانه در تعاونیهای کشاورزی، مدل تحقیق با برگزاری کلاسهای آموزشی به اعضای تعاونیها ارائه شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Learning Organization Model in Agricultural Cooperatives of Iran: A Two-Step Approach to SEM Based on DLOQ
اله کیانی Azadeh Noorollah Noorivandi Ahmadreza Ommani طهماسب مقصودی -
Open Access Article
124 - Preventive Factors to Found Walnut Production Cooperatives in Tuyserkan Township, Iran
Mohammad AbdolmalekyThis study was conducted to seek the opinion of walnut producers on barriers affecting the success of producers to found production cooperatives regarding horticultural products in Tuyserkan Township, Iran. A sample of 234 walnut producers were randomly selected through MoreThis study was conducted to seek the opinion of walnut producers on barriers affecting the success of producers to found production cooperatives regarding horticultural products in Tuyserkan Township, Iran. A sample of 234 walnut producers were randomly selected through multistage cluster sampling technique. Descriptive- correlation research method was used in this study which has been implemented through the questionnaire. For determining the validity of questionnaire, the face and content validity was used. Reliability for the instrument was estimated at 0.94. According to factor analysis, barriers to found and develop walnut production cooperatives were categorized into seven groups that explained 65.799% of the total variance of the research variables. The results also indicated that lack of cultural infrastructures, inadequate knowledge and incorrect opinions of producers and leaders, inadequate laws and vulnerability and infrastructural barriers had the most effect to found and develop walnut production cooperatives, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - An Assessment of Beneficiaries’ Satisfaction of the Management of Loan Contract Components by Farmer Cooperative Societies in Edo State, Nigeria
Grace Oghenerobor Alufohai Tosan Jolomi OkorosoboThe study assessed beneficiaries’ satisfaction in the management of loag-contract components by cooperatives involved in the farm credit delivery in Edo State. The objective was to identify the components of the farm loan contract, examine the management strategie MoreThe study assessed beneficiaries’ satisfaction in the management of loag-contract components by cooperatives involved in the farm credit delivery in Edo State. The objective was to identify the components of the farm loan contract, examine the management strategies and rate the beneficiaries’ satisfaction of such management strategies. This was done by purposively selecting 40 cooperatives involved in farm credit delivery in Oredo, Egor and Ikpoba-Okha LGAs of Edo State where there is a proliferation of cooperatives who are actively involved in farm credit delivery. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, queuing model and satisfaction indices. Results showed the main loan-contract components to be loan volume, repayment regime, interest rates charged, default management, collateral required, timeliness and loan monitoring. Average beneficiaries' index was 4.28 out of 5 indicating high satisfaction originating from good queue management with traffic density of 1.12, moderate interest rate of 9% p.a, active loan monitoring, no physical collateral, timely disbursement of loan and accommodative repayment regime. Only individual loan volumes were low as a result of inadequate loanable fund. Study recommends that cooperative societies should take advantage of external sources of funds to boost the volume of their loanable funds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Regionalization of the Iowa State University Extension System: Lessons Learned by Key Administrators
Mary S. Holz-Clause Vikram Swaroop Chandra Koundinya Sherry Glenn Jack M. PayneThe cyclical economic downturn in the United States has forced many Extension administrators to rethink and adjust services and programming. The Cooperative Extension System (CES), the organization primarily responsible for governmental Extension work in the United Stat MoreThe cyclical economic downturn in the United States has forced many Extension administrators to rethink and adjust services and programming. The Cooperative Extension System (CES), the organization primarily responsible for governmental Extension work in the United States, at Iowa State University responded to this economic downturn by restructuring its organization from county based to a regional model. This paper shares the experiences of key administrators in planning this restructuring process and the lessons learned. This experience and the restructuring processes used have implications for administrators in all organizational settings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - عوامل موثر بر بکارگیری عملیات کشاورزی پایدار بوسیله شالیکاران (اعضاء تعاونی های تولید روستایی)
Amir Ahmadpourیکی از مهمترین رسالت های تعاونی های تولید روستایی گسترش پذیرش و بکارگیری عملیات کشاورزی پایدار از سوی کشاورزان است، که به عوامل متعددی بستگی دارد. لذا، بر این اساس هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی عوامل موثر بر بکارگیری عملیات کشاورزی پایدار از سوی شالیکاران می باشد. جامعه آماری پژ Moreیکی از مهمترین رسالت های تعاونی های تولید روستایی گسترش پذیرش و بکارگیری عملیات کشاورزی پایدار از سوی کشاورزان است، که به عوامل متعددی بستگی دارد. لذا، بر این اساس هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی عوامل موثر بر بکارگیری عملیات کشاورزی پایدار از سوی شالیکاران می باشد. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل کلیه شالیکاران عضو تعاونی های تولید روستایی شهرستان ساری هستند (4160 =N). تعداد 162 نفر از شالیکاران به روش نمونه گیری تصادفی طبقه ای انتخاب شدند (162 =n). داده ها از طریق پرسشنامه گردآوری شد که روایی آن توسط پانلی از متخصصین و پایایی آن با استفاده از آزمون آلفای کرونباخ (93/0) تائید گردید. نتایج نشان داد که بکارگیری عملیات کشاورزی پایدار به­طور کلی خوب است. به علاوه، یافته ها نشان دادند که بین سن، وضعیت استفاده از منابع اطلاعاتی، تعداد اعضای خانواده، میزان زمین برنجکاری، میزان تولید، منزلت اجتماعی، دسترسی به نهاده ها، شرکت در دوره های آموزشی-ترویجی و عوامل اقتصادی با بکارگیری عملیات کشاورزی پایدار از سوی شالیکاران رابطه مثبت و معنی داری برقرار می باشد. نتایج آزمون رگرسیون خطی گام به گام نشان داد که متغیرهای مساحت زمین شالیکاری/ هکتار، تسهیلات اقتصادی، شرکت در دوره های آموزشی-ترویجی و سن/سال توانایی تبیین 8/61 درصد از تغییرات به بکارگیری عملیات کشاورزی پایدار از سوی شالیکاران عضو شرکت های تعاونی تولید را تبیین می کنند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Comparative –Analytical Study of Economic Productivity of Water between Smallholding and Rural Production Cooperative Utilization System
Mohammad Reza Bakhshi Behnaz Nejati Mofid ShateriIn recent years, farming section of South Khorasan Province faces different limitations such as increasing shortage of water resources and continuous reduction of weather showers.Considering consecutive droughts and water crisis in agricultural plain of the province, it MoreIn recent years, farming section of South Khorasan Province faces different limitations such as increasing shortage of water resources and continuous reduction of weather showers.Considering consecutive droughts and water crisis in agricultural plain of the province, it is necessary to use water resources optimally and increase productivity of water shortage input. Comparison of water productivity among the available utilization systems in agricultural section of the province can cause recognition of suitable and efficient utilization system for optimal use of water shortage input and increase water productivity in production of crops. In the present research, different indices of water productivity for production of crops in two small holding utilization system and Rural Production Cooperative in Khosef County have been calculated and compared. The required data have been collected with a sample of 247 farmers and with two-staged cluster sampling and with questionnaire. To calculate and compare water productivity, Benefit Per Drop, Crop Per Drop and Net Benefit Per Drop indices have been used. Results showed that the said indices were different for similar products in two utilization systems and in most crops, the said indices in rural production cooperative system were higher than small holding system. Therefore,gathering of smallholder’s farmers as rural production cooperative can lead to more desirable utilization of water resources and reduction of drought effects and water crisis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - تجزیه و تحلیل بهره وری نیروی کار در میان کشاورزان خرده پا کاساوا برای امنیت غذایی و توانمندسازی در ماداگاسکار مرکزی
بی.سی اوکویه آ. عباس بی. بچونکیزی جی. آسوموقا بی. آلنکه آر. راناوسون ان. رابمانانتسوا آی. رالیمانانابهرهوری نیروی کار بر امنیت غذایی تأثیر میگذارد، اما بررسی منابع تجربی نشان میدهد که تحقیقات اندکی روی اندازهگیری این رابطه انجام گرفته است. بانک اطلاعات ماداگاسکار مرکزی اقدام به بررسی تأثیر بهرهوری نیروی کار و متغیرهای مربوطه بر وضعیت امنیت غذایی کشاورزان کاساوا ک Moreبهرهوری نیروی کار بر امنیت غذایی تأثیر میگذارد، اما بررسی منابع تجربی نشان میدهد که تحقیقات اندکی روی اندازهگیری این رابطه انجام گرفته است. بانک اطلاعات ماداگاسکار مرکزی اقدام به بررسی تأثیر بهرهوری نیروی کار و متغیرهای مربوطه بر وضعیت امنیت غذایی کشاورزان کاساوا کرده است. در این مقاله با تکیه بر شواهد نظری و تجربی بحث میشود که در حال حاضر، در تحلیلهای خط مشی غالباً به اثرات بنیادی پیوندهای میان بهرهوری نیروی کار و امنیت غذایی توجه نمیشود. در این مطالعه از رگرسیون پروبیت برای توضیح تأثیر بهرهوری نیروی کار بر امنیت غذایی 180 کشاورز کاساوای خردهمالک در مالاگاسی استفاده شد. این کشاورزان به کمک نمونهگیری تصادفی چندمرحلهای انتخاب شده بودند. نتایج نشان داد که 25 درصد کشاورزان با مشکل عدمامنیت غذایی مواجه بودند. بهرهوری نیروی کار به همراه عضویت در شرکتهای تعاونی و اندازة مزرعه رابطة مستقیم با امنیت غذایی کشاورزان در سطح احتمال یک درصد داشتند. مشکل عدمامنیت غذایی در میان کشاورزان مسنتر در سطح احتمال 10 درصد شدیدتر از کشاورزان جوانتر بود. در میان کشاورزان نمونه، خانوادههایی که نسبت وابستگی و نیروی کار خانوادگی بالاتر داشتند به ترتیب در سطح احتمال یک و 10 درصد با مشکل عدمامنیت غذایی مواجه بودند. بنابراین، نتایج حاکی از نیاز به سیاستهای بازتوزیع زمین و اصلاح ارضی با هدف تشویق کشاورزان جوانتر است تا این کشاورزان که ظاهراً بهرهوری کار بالاتری دارند زمین بیشتری (در قالب شرکت تعاونی) دریافت کنند و با افزایش کشت کاساوا به بهبود امنیت غذایی کمک کنند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - عوامل مؤثر بر رضایتمندی کشاورزان (مورد مطالعه: تعاونی های تولیدات کشاورزی در استان گیلان، ایران)
محمد طالقانی مهران مهدی زادههدف این مقاله شناسایی و اولویت­بندی عوامل مؤثر بر رضایتمندی کشاورزان در تعاونی­های تولیدات کشاورزی استان گیلان، ایران بود. بدین منظور، مطالعات کتابخانه­ای انجام شده و 15 عامل مؤثر شناسایی گردید و برای اولویت­بندی آنها، مطالعات میدانی از طریق پرسشنامه انج Moreهدف این مقاله شناسایی و اولویت­بندی عوامل مؤثر بر رضایتمندی کشاورزان در تعاونی­های تولیدات کشاورزی استان گیلان، ایران بود. بدین منظور، مطالعات کتابخانه­ای انجام شده و 15 عامل مؤثر شناسایی گردید و برای اولویت­بندی آنها، مطالعات میدانی از طریق پرسشنامه انجام گرفت. جامعه­ی آماری شامل کلیه اعضای تعاونی­های تولیدات کشاورزی استان گیلان بود که با فرمول کوکران، حجم نمونه 93 نفر تعیین گردید. بنابراین، پرسشنامه­ها به روش ترکیبی نمونه­گیریتصادفی وسهمیه­ای میان اعضای 12 تعاونی توزیع و تعداد 100 پرسشنامه به طور کامل گردآوری شد. روایی پرسشنامه به روش محتوایی و پایایی آن با استفاده از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ 79 درصد مورد پذیرش واقع شد. برای اولویت­بندی عوامل، میانگین با استفاده از نرم­افزار اس. پی. اس. اس محاسبه گردید و نتایج نشان داد که همدلی و همکاری میان اعضا؛ راهنمایی و هدایت اعضا درباره مشکلاتشان و برقراری ارتباطات اثربخش با جوامع محلی، به ترتیب، عواملی هستند که بیشترین تأثیر را بر رضایتمندی کشاورزان مورد مطالعه دارد. به علاوه، نتایج نشان داد که رضایتمندی اغلب کشاورزان عضو در تعاونی­ها در سطح متوسطی قرار دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Empowering Iran oil companies to be self-sufficient in dealing with American and European sanctions by designing a cooperative game model
Shadi Safari Mansour Soufi Alireza Amirteimoori Mehdi FadaeiThe aim of this research is to design scenarios based on cooperative game theory models to investigate the observed rewards and penalties resulting from knowledge sharing or non-sharing among companies. The research population includes managers and experts from 30 top p MoreThe aim of this research is to design scenarios based on cooperative game theory models to investigate the observed rewards and penalties resulting from knowledge sharing or non-sharing among companies. The research population includes managers and experts from 30 top private companies active in the field of oil and gas projects. The research methodology is based on Kumar's classification, which is applied, interpretive, exploratory, and includes both quantitative and qualitative aspects. This study underscores the importance of efficient knowledge sharing as a means to foster collaboration among investors in the portfolios of the National Iranian Oil Company to compete with foreign competitors during sanctions.Upon reviewing the results of four scenarios derived from the game, it is observed that the rewards perceived by companies from knowledge sharing depend on the behavior resulting from knowledge sharing by other companies. The more capable an organization is in the influential factors of knowledge transfer and higher innovation, the greater the returns companies will obtain through cooperation. Sensitivity analysis regarding the costs of project cooperation, which arises due to the difficulty of implementing joint projects, shows that as costs increase, companies shift from a cooperation strategy towards a retaliation strategy and then towards a non-cooperation strategy. These strategies are determined based on aligning the results of the profit equation designed with three interrelated cooperative games: the prisoner's dilemma, the hawk-dove game, and assurance game. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Modeling the Effect of Advertising and Subsidy Transfer in a Three-Level Channel Using Game Theory
Peter Ezimadu Joshua Apanapudor Sophia Ezimadu -
Open Access Article
133 - A mathematical model of the effect of subsidy transfer in cooperative advertising using differential game theory
Peter E. Ezimadu -
Open Access Article
134 - Cooperative vehicle routing problem: an opportunity for cost saving
Sedighe Zibaei Ashkan Hafezalkotob Seyed Sajad Ghashami -
Open Access Article
135 - Stochastic cooperative advertising in a manufacturer–retailer decentralized supply channel
Peter E. Ezimadu Chukwuma R. Nwozo -
Open Access Article
136 - Cooperative aggregate production planning: a game theory approach
Ashkan Hafezalkotob Samaneh Chaharbaghi Tahmineh Moradi Lakeh -
Open Access Article
137 - General form of a cooperative gradual maximal covering location problem
Jafar Bagherinejad Mahdi Bashiri Hamideh Nikzad -
Open Access Article
138 - Using game theory approach to interpret stable policies for Iran’s oil and gas common resources conflicts with Iraq and Qatar
Maryam Esmaeili Aram Bahrini Sepideh Shayanrad -
Open Access Article
139 - Incentive mechanism based on cooperative advertising for cost information sharing in a supply chain with competing retailers
Mostafa Setak Hajar Kafshian Ahar Saeed Alaei -
Open Access Article
140 - The challenges facing cooperative cataloging in the internet environment” a case study about the libraries attached to Education and Research of Agriculture Organization
fahimeh Babolhavaeji Nayer KhalediPurpose : the present study has been performed white the purpose of considering cooperative organizing of library agricultural data of educational centers affiliated to agricultural promotion, education and research organization in internet milieu. Methodol MorePurpose : the present study has been performed white the purpose of considering cooperative organizing of library agricultural data of educational centers affiliated to agricultural promotion, education and research organization in internet milieu. Methodology: The methodology of the Study performance method is descriptive method. Data are collected through questionnaire to consider data organizing, personel, soft ware and hardware issues for data collection, to consider of data organizing , man power, soft ware hardware situations, questionnaire has been used . Data, after collection were analyzed. And its result, by use of descriptive statistical methods (abundance, percentage), were presented in from of table and diagram. Statistical society are combined 55 libraries of research institutions and centers dependent on agricultural promotion education organization, that they use software under Simorgh web for average 4 years. Findings: Findings show that cooperative organizing of agricultural data, during the two stages of cataloging and classification%100 is performed; and in indexing stage %21.6 is done. Conclusion: Obtained results showed that the studied libraries , in performance of mentioned project, were faced with problems such as personnel (with 4.26 degree), financial property (with 4.54 degree), technical property (with 45.50 degree) data cooperative organizing has led to time economy (%43.2), cost similar to speed economy (%54.1) and also integration in use of studied library software (%100). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - The Effect of BARJAM on the Revision of the Military policies of the members of the Persian Gulf Cooperative Council
Saeid Jamshidi Reza AliAkbarpour -
Open Access Article
142 - The effect of BARJAM on the revision of the military policies in the members of the Persian Gulf cooperative council
Saeid Jamshidi Reza Ali Akbarpour -
Open Access Article
143 - People-centered principle with emphasis on cooperatives in the general policies of resistance economy
rasool ahmadi beni faramarz atrian seyed mohammad mahdi ghamamyManaging affairs by relying on public participation and votes is one of the important and unchanging principles of the Constitution. In addition, according to the constitution, taking advantage of the economic participation of the people and creating its grounds is one MoreManaging affairs by relying on public participation and votes is one of the important and unchanging principles of the Constitution. In addition, according to the constitution, taking advantage of the economic participation of the people and creating its grounds is one of the duties of the government. This issue has been emphasized. Considering this importance, the general policies of the resistance economy have also based their foundations on the people-organizational economy and have turned their attention to the cooperative economy. The development of cooperation in order to realize the principle of people-centeredness requires a strong national determination and the creation of necessary legal and legal measures to pave the way and remove the obstacles on this path. In this research, the subject was investigated with an analytical method and while defining the resistance economy, the laws related to the people-centered principle were analyzed and finally the conclusion was reached that the general policies of the resistance economy in order to realize the people-centered principle. It is central and many laws are directly and indirectly related to this issue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - Evaluation of the Performance of the Country's Provinces of Consumption Cooperative (Using Linear Programming Method)
J, Rezaei H. Akrami Z. RezaeiIn this study, the performance of the country's provinces has been evaluated using linear planning method. For this purpose, using non-parametric technique that is based on mathematical programming methods, and in particular Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), provinces MoreIn this study, the performance of the country's provinces has been evaluated using linear planning method. For this purpose, using non-parametric technique that is based on mathematical programming methods, and in particular Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), provinces of the country have been classified and ranked. In this research, according to the input and output of cooperative agencies, taking in 30 provinces in 2009, their efficiency has been evaluated with the assumption of constant and variable return to scale. The results show that considering the first assumption, provinces of Zanjan, North Khorasan, kohkiloyeh and Boyerahmad, Sistan and Baluchestan and Lorestan, have the highest efficiency among the country's provinces. Also, having the second assumption into the account, the provinces of Fars, Khorasan Razavi, Tehran and Qom, Isfahan would be efficient. Finally, regarding the patterns being kohkilouyeh and Boyerahmad and based on the findings of this study can be said that in order to increase efficiency of the non-efficient provinces, kohkilouyeh and Boyerahmad should be considered as the pattern. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Effeciency of Cooperative Fund Facility (Cooperative Development Bank) in the Cooperative Development
Ayoub sarafraz Nahid malekiniya Hossein asgari alojeCooperative funds are considered a major part of the financial system. As in some countries, cooperative funds are considered the largest financial institutions. Cooperative finance, retain existing jobs and creating new job opportunities sue a major cause of establi MoreCooperative funds are considered a major part of the financial system. As in some countries, cooperative funds are considered the largest financial institutions. Cooperative finance, retain existing jobs and creating new job opportunities sue a major cause of established Cooperation Fund. This study examines the correlations Cooperative Fund Facility (separation process of payments and separation where financing) and entrepreneur in the cooperative sector deals. Whether between the Cooperative Fund facilities and Cooperative sector entrepreneur exist a significant relationship? And the effectiveness of the facility of domestic resources is more or effectiveness of the Facility a Note resources in the entrepreneur? To answer these questions was chosen a sample containing 45data - Year Fund in Ardebil province during the period 84-88 that equal to the entire statistical community of research. Hypotheses using Pearson correlation coefficient were measured. Test results of the first main hypothesis suggest that there is no significant relationship between Facilities cooperation Fund (a separate process of payments) and entrepreneur, so we conclude the Cooperative fund facility has not been effective in development cooperation sector. The results of the second major hypothesis testing shows that there are significant relationship between Cooperative Fund Facility from domestic sources and entrepreneur, while there is no significant relationship between Cooperative Fund of facilities from Note resources and entrepreneur and can be concluded that the effectiveness of Cooperative facilities funds from internal resources is more Note Of resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - تاثیر آموزش استفاده ازمهارت های تولیدی و منفعل در حالتهای مشارکتی و غیر مشارکتی بر یادگیری اصطلاحات توسط زبان آموزان ایرانی
مسعود رضایی فر حسن اسداله فام رویا رنجبر محمدی Mohammad Hossein Yousefiاصطلاحات خصوصیات درونی هر زبانی هستند که به طور مکرر در زبان گفتاری و نوشتاری استفاده می شوند. با وجود این، مطالعات اندکی در زمینه تعیین بهترین استراتژی ها در یادگیری اصطلاحات توسط زبان آموزان ایرانی انجام شده است. هدف این مطالعه، بررسی تاثیر استفاده ازمهارت های تولیدی Moreاصطلاحات خصوصیات درونی هر زبانی هستند که به طور مکرر در زبان گفتاری و نوشتاری استفاده می شوند. با وجود این، مطالعات اندکی در زمینه تعیین بهترین استراتژی ها در یادگیری اصطلاحات توسط زبان آموزان ایرانی انجام شده است. هدف این مطالعه، بررسی تاثیر استفاده ازمهارت های تولیدی و منفعل در حالتهای مشارکتی و غیر مشارکتی بر یادگیری اصطلاحات توسط زبان آموزان ایرانی است. بدین منظور، 166 زبان آموز ایرانی بطور تصادفی به 5 گروه تقسیم بندی شدند: آموزش مشارکتی منفعل، آموزش غیر مشارکتی منفعل، آموزش مشارکتی تولیدی، آموزش غیر مشارکتی تولیدی و گروه کنترل. نتایج آزمون های لغات نشان داد که هر چهار گروه آزمایشی بهتر ار گروه کنترل درتقویت یادگیری اصطلاحات در آزمونهای فوری و با تاخیر بودند، اما آموزش مشارکتی تولیدی موثرتر از آموزش مشارکتی منفعل بود. بعلاوه، آموزش مشارکتی منفعل منجر به نتایج بهتری از نوع غیرمشارکتی خود شد. با توجه به ماهیت چالش برانگیز یادگیری اصطلاحات زبان دوم و اهمیت آن در توسعه دانش زبان آموزان زبان انگلیسی، پیامدهای این مطالعه برای معلمان، دانش آموزان و طراحان درسی مورد بحث و بررسی قرار گرفته است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Using Cooperative Learning to Boost Creativity and Motivation in Language Learning
Hamid Marashi Homayra Khatami -
Open Access Article
148 - Comedy, Context and Unsaid Meaning: A Case Study in Conversational Implicature
Saber Khakipour -
Open Access Article
149 - برسی دقت ارزیابی زبان آموزان ایرانی در ارزیابی مشارکتی خواندن و درک مطلب زبان انگیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی
Mina Bolghari Parviz Birjandi Parviz Maftoonیادگیری مشارکتی درمطالعات بیشماری مورد توجه واقع شده است که در این میان، تاثیر مثبت آن بر روی مهارت خواندن و درک مطلب زبان انگلیسی--به عنوان زبان خارجی-- به اثبات رسیده است. با این وجود، مطالعات نشان میدهند تا زمانیکه یادگیری مشارکتی مورد ارزیابی قرار نگیرد، زبان آموزان Moreیادگیری مشارکتی درمطالعات بیشماری مورد توجه واقع شده است که در این میان، تاثیر مثبت آن بر روی مهارت خواندن و درک مطلب زبان انگلیسی--به عنوان زبان خارجی-- به اثبات رسیده است. با این وجود، مطالعات نشان میدهند تا زمانیکه یادگیری مشارکتی مورد ارزیابی قرار نگیرد، زبان آموزان به طور جدی به آن نخواهند پرداخت. بر این اساس، هدف اصلی این مطالعه بررسی دقت ارزیابی زبان آموزان ایرانی در ارزیابی مشارکتی مهارت خواندن مد نظر واقع شد. در راستای احقاق این هدف، 60 دانشجوی سال دوم رشته تربیت مترجم زبان انگلیسی از دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران مرکزی انتخاب شدند. اطلاعات مربوط، طی 15 هفته جمع آوری شد. هر هفته، ابتدا زبان آموزان یک متن را در کلاس در گروههای چهار نفری خود به طور مشارکتی می خواندند و سپس تکالیف فردی خود را در منزل انجام میدادند. برای ارزیابی خواندن مشارکتی، هر هفته فعالیت گروهی و نیز فعالیت فردی و مستقل هردانشجو توسط مدرس، خود دانشجویان، و همگروهی ها مورد ارزیابی قرار میگرفت. نتایج مطالعه نشانگر دقت معنادار زبان آموزان در امر ارزیابی مشارکتی بود. همچنین، بر اساس نتایج کیفی به دست آمده از مصاحبه گروهی، شرکت کنندگان دریافت مثبتی از ارزیابی خواندن مشارکتی داشتند. نتایج تحقیق حاضر میتواند گواهی بر اعتبار ارزیابی مشارکتی در سنجش مهارت خواندن و درک مطلب زبان آموزان ایرانی باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - استفاده از مدل آموزشی STAD برای تقویت عمومی فراگیران: دستاورد و خلاقیت
َAbolhassan Nazari امید طباطبایی Mohammad Ali Heidari Shahreza این مطالعه تلاشی برای بررسی تأثیر بخشهای پیشرفت تیم دانشآموزی (STAD) بر دستاوردها و خلاقیت کلی زبانآموزان زبان انگلیسی دوره متوسطه ایرانی بود. برای تحقق هدف این مطالعه، 142 دانشجوی زبان انگلیسی بر اساس عملکردشان در آزمون قرار دادن سریع آکسفورد (OQPT) انتخاب شدن More این مطالعه تلاشی برای بررسی تأثیر بخشهای پیشرفت تیم دانشآموزی (STAD) بر دستاوردها و خلاقیت کلی زبانآموزان زبان انگلیسی دوره متوسطه ایرانی بود. برای تحقق هدف این مطالعه، 142 دانشجوی زبان انگلیسی بر اساس عملکردشان در آزمون قرار دادن سریع آکسفورد (OQPT) انتخاب شدند. دانشآموزان به دو گروه آزمایشی دریافتکننده درمان از طریق الگوی یادگیری مشارکتی STAD و گروه کنترل بدون درمان بیان شده تقسیم شدند. برای تشخیص رفتار ورودی، پیش آزمون اجرا شد. در طول یک ترم آموزشی، همان محتوای آموزشی به EG و CG آموزش داده شد. برای افشای تأثیر درمان، یک پس آزمون خلاقیت مشابه پیش آزمون اما به ترتیب تغییر در گزینه ها و آیتم ها و همچنین یک پس آزمون پیشرفت در محتوای آموزش داده شده برای دانش آموزان هر دو گروه در پایان آموزش اجرا شد. همچنین میانگین نمرات آزمونهای پیشرفت و خلاقیت بهترتیب از طریق آزمون t نمونههای مستقل و ANCOVA یکطرفه مقایسه شد. نتایج نشان داد که هر دو فرضیه صفر رد می شود و در نتیجه نتیجه گیری می شود که یادگیری مشارکتی تأثیر معناداری بر پیشرفت کلی زبان آموزان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی و خلاقیت دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Multiplicity of courts and jurisdictions in international trade law and solutions to deal with it
Mir Shahbiz Shafi mahdi delgirField and Aims: Proliferation of international tribunals and jurisdictions is a rather new phenomenon that has emerged in international public law, generally and in international trade law, specifically. However, this phenomenon signals preparation on the part of states MoreField and Aims: Proliferation of international tribunals and jurisdictions is a rather new phenomenon that has emerged in international public law, generally and in international trade law, specifically. However, this phenomenon signals preparation on the part of states to use courts and tribunals for settling their disputes peacefully, it may raise problems when courts arrive at divergent or event conflicting rulings in an international legal order that lacks hierarchy. This article aims to address whether proliferation of tribunals and jurisdictions has emerged in international trade law; and if so, what is its consequences for international trade law and which possible solutions may be suggested to deal with its negative consequences.Method: This Research is prepared by a descriptive-analytical method.Finding and Conclusion: Given to reasons for proliferation of tribunals and jurisdictions that are addressed in this article, the answer to the question of emergence of proliferation in international trade law is positive. Thus, the consequences of proliferation in international trade law are presented. Then, in regard with exclusive jurisdiction of World Trade Organization (WTO) for international trade disputes and its exceptions by Free Trade Agreements (FTAs), practical instances of conflicting jurisdictions in international trade law jurisprudence are recognized. Finally, possible tools for solving conflicting jurisdictions between WTO and FTAs disputes settlement mechanisms, and also possible solutions for improvement of cooperative interactions between these mechanisms are suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - Evaluating effectiveness of rangeland management cooperatives in Gonbad city, Iran
mahjoobeh mohammadzadeh MohammadSharif Sharifzadeh Gholamhossein Abdollahzadeh Yazmorad Gharavi -
Open Access Article
153 - Investigating Factors affecting the Success of Official and Unofficial Range Management Cooperatives in three provinces of Iran
Abolfazl Rahmatizadeh Hossein Barani Ahmad Abedi Sarvestani Amir Mozafar Amini -
Open Access Article
154 - Comparison of Cooperatives’ Members and Experts’ Views on Public Participation in Forestry and Rangeland By-Products (Case Study: Cooperative Companies, Lorestan Province, Iran)
Ali Ariapour Farzad Veisanloo Ali Hossein Biranvand Golnaz Kheradmand -
Open Access Article
155 - Comparative Study of Member Viewpoints about Effective Socio- Economic Factors on the Range Management Cooperatives Success (Golestan Province)
Mohammad Reza Shahraki Mohsen Sharafatmandrad -
Open Access Article
156 - Bank branches performance evaluation with DEA and cooperative game theory approach
Mahdieh Akhbari Marzieh Mozafari Zahra AbodollahiClassical data envelopment analysis models calculate the performance of decision-making units based on a common performance boundary and make no distinction between efficient units. In this study, the method of super-efficiency and cross-efficiency is used to rank the e MoreClassical data envelopment analysis models calculate the performance of decision-making units based on a common performance boundary and make no distinction between efficient units. In this study, the method of super-efficiency and cross-efficiency is used to rank the efficient branches of banks before the cooperation phase. Then, in the cooperation phase, each efficient branch is considered as a player and the subdivisions of the efficient branches are considered as a coalition, and the problem is examined using the method of cooperative game theory and Shaply value. In this study, the efficiency change variable shows the impact of each efficient branch in different alliances. From the total variable of efficiency change of efficient branches in each coalition, a characteristic function called profit from the coalition is introduced. The value of this characteristic function is determined for all possible alliances and Shaply value is introduced as the solution of this cooperative game and the ranking of efficient branches is presented in terms of cooperation. The resulting model is implemented on a case study and the ranks of efficient branches are compared in the super efficiency method and cross-efficiency (before cooperation) and Shaply value method (after cooperation). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - Comparison Effects of Cooperative Learning and Brain Stroming Learning on Students’ Social Adjustment
amir yekanizad akbar SoleimannezhadAbstractThe present study aimed comparison effects of cooperative learning and brain stroming learning on social adjustment in students of the fifth elementary school in Khoy city. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with two ex MoreAbstractThe present study aimed comparison effects of cooperative learning and brain stroming learning on social adjustment in students of the fifth elementary school in Khoy city. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with two experimental groups. The statistical population consisted of all male students of the fifth elementary school in Khoy city in the academic year 2019-2020. The sample consisted of 60 people who were selected by multistage random cluster sampling and assigned in cooperative learning and brain storming learning groups (30 in each group). In order to collect data in this study, questionnaires adaptive bdhavior inventory for children (Lambert & et al, 1984) were used. Data analysis was performed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The results of this study showed in social adjustment significant difference between Students with the cooperative learning method and brain storming learning method. In other words, the effect of cooperative learning on increasing social adjustment is more than the brain storming learning method (P <0.005). In sum, the results of this study confirm the usefulness and impact of cooperative learning on increasing the social adjustment of students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - Photovoltaic Microgrids Control by the Cooperative Control of Multi-Agent Systems
Heidar Ali Shayanfar Sajad Malek -
Open Access Article
159 - The Construction and Personal Experience of Professors and Experts in Rural Cooperatives Policy on Successful Implementation of Rural Cooperative Policies in association with Resistance Economy
nasrin khodabakhshi Zeinalabedin Amini Sabegh Masoud Ghorban Hoseini Ehsan SadehIf the success of public policies and policies. Accordingly, if there is a successful model in the implementation, there can undoubtedly be a flourishing and comprehensive development. Therefore, the present study aims to provide a theoretical framework and a paradigmat MoreIf the success of public policies and policies. Accordingly, if there is a successful model in the implementation, there can undoubtedly be a flourishing and comprehensive development. Therefore, the present study aims to provide a theoretical framework and a paradigmatic model of personal constructs of professors and experts in the field of rural cooperatives in the country, seeking to present the theory of indigenous peoples in theory. A sample of 20 faculty members and experts in rural cooperative policy are interviewed and in a small section, questioned by the formula of the uncertain society, 165 faculty members and policy makers of the country were questioned. The results show that the theoretical framework of this research suggests that the experts and experts of rural cooperative policy of the country have great potential and potential for explaining successful implementation of rural cooperative policies in line with resilient economy. For them, "successful implementation of rural cooperatives policy in The platform for forecasting implementation tools and culture by engaging public stakeholders and executives, while sharing them in a comprehensive partnership with strategies such as economic optimization and the development of converging rural resources, is to develop rural cooperatives based on indigenous capacity and self-sufficiency. And the level of determining the successful implementation of rural cooperative policies in line with the resistance economy depends on factors such as; instrumental forecasting in implementation, culture, native capability, active participation, justification of public interest, self-reliance, positive feedback, alignment of public and individual interests, rural development and self-sufficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - MAXIMAL ALLOCATED BENEFIT AND MINIMAL ALLOCATED COST AND ITS APPLICATION
M. Mansouri Kaleibar S. Daneshvar -
Open Access Article
161 - Government, Civil Society and Social Capital in Iran (Review of 1962-1761)
seyedeh leila mousavi ahmad saeiIn recent years, many topics have been raised about social capital in the scientific community of Iran. Considering the importance of social capital in the functioning of societies in different fields, one of the most important issues discussed in this topic is the ways MoreIn recent years, many topics have been raised about social capital in the scientific community of Iran. Considering the importance of social capital in the functioning of societies in different fields, one of the most important issues discussed in this topic is the ways and How to boost and, on the other hand, the weakening of social capital. In this regard, several factors are mentioned at both macro and micro levels. It seems that despite the multitude of issues related to the issue of strengthening or weakening social capital, the role of the state has been somewhat neglected and has been neglected. In this paper, considering the presence of the government as a top performer in the socio-political sphere of Iran, over the past many centuries, to this day, the role of the government in the context of weakening social capital, especially as regards participation as one of The key components of social capital are emphasized. The findings show that during the years 2005 to 1392, we have been faced with the weakening of social capital in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - On the relationship between cooperative culture as well as knowledge management and their effects on organizational development.
Omid Milani Mohsen Fallah Framarzi Ruhollah Bagheri Majd Asieh Tayari FardThe aim of the present study is to explore the relationship between cooperative culture as well as knowledge management and their effects on organizational development. The study follows a correlational design . The statistical population comprises of 630 employers work MoreThe aim of the present study is to explore the relationship between cooperative culture as well as knowledge management and their effects on organizational development. The study follows a correlational design . The statistical population comprises of 630 employers working at university and 230 people were chosen as statistical sample using Morgan table. The instruments used were Nonako and Takochi Knowledge Management Scale, Danison Cooperative Culture Questionnaire, and Lok and Craford Organizational Development Inventory where the reliability was measured as 0.96, 0.90, and 0.95, respectively. The analysis was done employing SPSS and multivariate variance. The results indicated a significant effect of cooperative culture on organizational cooperation and organizational development. Also, the effect of knowledge management on organizational development Due to the was( p=≤0/05) confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Modeling the factors influencing the non-receipt of financial facilities of cooperatives from the point of view of artificial intelligence (Case of study: cooperatives of Semnan province)
reza ziyari zahra moghimiCooperatives as non-governmental economic enterprises can play an important role in creating cultural and executive models in the country's economy. Due to the limited financial resources in cooperatives, one of the ways to increase the share of the cooperative sector i MoreCooperatives as non-governmental economic enterprises can play an important role in creating cultural and executive models in the country's economy. Due to the limited financial resources in cooperatives, one of the ways to increase the share of the cooperative sector in Iran's economy is to apply support policies by granting credit facilities from the government sector. This is despite the fact that the cooperative sector in the country is often operating with traditional approaches and structures, and it has limitations in the field of using modern technology and benefiting from the capabilities of artificial intelligence in achieving the set goals. Therefore, the current research has been conducted with the aim of designing a model of factors influencing the non-attraction of financial facilities of cooperatives in Semnan province from the point of view of artificial intelligence. The current research is exploratory and qualitative research. After reviewing the theoretical foundations and using the foundational data theory and conducting in-depth semi-structured interviews with experts, the data was coded, and the theoretical model of the research was presented. To form the expert panel, 16 university professors and experimental experts were selected by purposive sampling. The results showed "drafting appropriate policies regarding the use of artificial intelligence"; "Validation of applicants to receive facilities using artificial intelligence capabilities"; "Familiarizing and justifying applicants with electronic and intelligent processes of receiving facilities"; "Removing bureaucratic obstacles and cumbersome banking regulations"; "Consistency in the main provisions of the regulations"; And "creating coordination between the involved executive bodies" is one of the effective strategies in attracting facilities by cooperatives. Manuscript profile
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