تجزیه و تحلیل بهره وری نیروی کار در میان کشاورزان خرده پا کاساوا برای امنیت غذایی و توانمندسازی در ماداگاسکار مرکزی

Subject Areas : Farm Management

بی.سی اوکویه ¹ , آ. عباس ² , بی. بچونکیزی ³ , جی. آسوموقا ⁴ , بی. آلنکه ⁵ , آر. راناوسون ⁶ , ان. رابمانانتسوا ⁷ , آی. رالیمانانا ⁸

1 - National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike, PMB 7006 Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria
2 - International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Regional Hub for Eastern Africa 25, Light Industrial Area, Mikocheni B, PMB 34441, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
3 - International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Regional Hub for Eastern Africa 25, Light Industrial Area, Mikocheni B, PMB 34441, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
4 - National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike, PMB 7006 Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria
5 - International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Regional Hub for Eastern Africa 25, Light Industrial Area, Mikocheni B, PMB 34441, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
6 - Centre National d Recherche Appliquee au Developpement Rural (FOFIFA) Ambatobe, B.P. 1690 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
7 - Centre National d Recherche Appliquee au Developpement Rural (FOFIFA) Ambatobe, B.P. 1690 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
8 - Centre National d Recherche Appliquee au Developpement Rural (FOFIFA) Ambatobe, B.P. 1690 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar

Received: 2015-08-18 Accepted : 2015-10-26 Published : 2016-09-01

Keywords: اندازه مزرعه, نیروی کار خانوادگی, عضویت در تعاونی,

Abstract :

بهره‌وری نیروی کار بر امنیت غذایی تأثیر می‌گذارد، اما بررسی منابع تجربی نشان می‌دهد که تحقیقات اندکی روی اندازه‌گیری این رابطه انجام گرفته است. بانک اطلاعات ماداگاسکار مرکزی اقدام به بررسی تأثیر بهره‌وری نیروی کار و متغیرهای مربوطه بر وضعیت امنیت غذایی کشاورزان کاساوا کرده است. در این مقاله با تکیه بر شواهد نظری و تجربی بحث می‌شود که در حال حاضر، در تحلیل‌های خط مشی غالباً به اثرات بنیادی پیوندهای میان بهره‌وری نیروی کار و امنیت غذایی توجه نمی‌شود. در این مطالعه از رگرسیون پروبیت برای توضیح تأثیر بهره‌وری نیروی کار بر امنیت غذایی 180 کشاورز کاساوای خرده‌مالک در مالاگاسی استفاده شد. این کشاورزان به کمک نمونه‌گیری تصادفی چندمرحله‌ای انتخاب شده بودند. نتایج نشان داد که 25 درصد کشاورزان با مشکل عدم‌امنیت غذایی مواجه بودند. بهره‌وری نیروی کار به همراه عضویت در شرکت‌های تعاونی و اندازة مزرعه رابطة مستقیم با امنیت غذایی کشاورزان در سطح احتمال یک درصد داشتند. مشکل عدم‌امنیت غذایی در میان کشاورزان مسن‌تر در سطح احتمال 10 درصد شدیدتر از کشاورزان جوان‌تر بود. در میان کشاورزان نمونه، خانواده‌هایی که نسبت وابستگی و نیروی کار خانوادگی بالاتر داشتند به ترتیب در سطح احتمال یک و 10 درصد با مشکل عدم‌امنیت غذایی مواجه بودند. بنابراین، نتایج حاکی از نیاز به سیاست‌های بازتوزیع زمین و اصلاح ارضی با هدف تشویق کشاورزان جوان‌تر است تا این کشاورزان که ظاهراً بهره‌وری کار بالاتری دارند زمین بیشتری (در قالب شرکت تعاونی) دریافت کنند و با افزایش کشت کاساوا به بهبود امنیت غذایی کمک کنند.

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