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Open Access Article
1 - Investigating the effect of dimensions of organizational justice on behaviors based on divine rationality and emotion (Research case: Shiraz Electricity Distribution Company)
saeed khajehfard Sanjar Salajegheh Yaser Salari mahdi mohamad bagheriThe role of rationality and emotion in shaping people's behavior has been proven, but the role of organizational justice in the behavior of the organization's employees is of particular importance. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of dimensions MoreThe role of rationality and emotion in shaping people's behavior has been proven, but the role of organizational justice in the behavior of the organization's employees is of particular importance. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of dimensions of organizational justice on behaviors based on divine rationality and emotion. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and correlational in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of the research included 1477 employees of Shiraz Electricity Distribution Company, of which 313 people were selected by stratified random method. Data analysis was done using SPSS-23 and PLS-3 software and structural equation modeling method. The results of the findings showed that despite the confirmation of the relationship between the dimensions of organizational justice on most of the behaviors based on divine rationality and emotion, the effect of distributive justice on superior behavior and the effect of informational justice on distasteful and low behavior were not confirmed. Also, by examining the coefficients of the path, it was found that procedural justice has the most negative role in the occurrence of low and distasteful behaviors, and transactional justice has the most positive effect in the occurrence of desirable and superior behaviors. Finally, by examining the coefficients of determination, suggestions were made with the aim of reforming procedural and distributional policies as well as strengthening transactional justice in order to increase superior behavior in the organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Nature, Function, and Effects of the Greatest Divine Name: A Rehearsal of its Reading and Typology
RamazanAli Mardani Hamed Khani (Farhnag Mehrvash) Mahdi Afchangi MohammadAli MirIt is a widespread belief among Muslims that God has got a name which is unknown to almost everybody, hence only a very few and limited number of people might be aware of it. It is such that one who remembers God or calls on him through pronouncing His rarely known but MoreIt is a widespread belief among Muslims that God has got a name which is unknown to almost everybody, hence only a very few and limited number of people might be aware of it. It is such that one who remembers God or calls on him through pronouncing His rarely known but miraculous name will soon find his desire fulfilled, hence miraculous jobs may be accomplished in the world of creation only through pronouncing it. Muslims have since called it the Greatest Divine Name (ism-e A`zam) and have written a lot on how to obtain it, and its various functions, coupled with many related anecdotes. The present work surveys an overview and presents a classification of such conjectures, with an outlook unto its nature, hence an attempt to take an initial step to formulate a conception of the Greatest Divine Name in Islamic culture and teachings. Without overlooking its nature or historical process of identification, the present work attempts to piece together Muslims' attention to it, all drawing upon reliable anecdotes, exegetical comments, moral hints, and theological and philosophical views as scattered here and there in various works. It will then make a ground for reviewing various views of the phenomenon of the Greatest Divine Name, with the historical trends that fostered ahead any of them, together with their socio-cutural background Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - A Critique and Analysis of the Arguments of Believers in Hurmat and Permissibility of News from the Celestial Rulings
Mohammad Danesh Nahad (Corresponding author) Mohammad Hassan VakiliOne of the important topics in Islamic jurisprudence is identifying the obligation of Tanjim (belief in the effect of the state of the constellations and the movement of stars in human life and terrestrial events). Most jurists have considered Tanjim as haram, but MoreOne of the important topics in Islamic jurisprudence is identifying the obligation of Tanjim (belief in the effect of the state of the constellations and the movement of stars in human life and terrestrial events). Most jurists have considered Tanjim as haram, but such a ruling has fundamental problems and it is not the absolute argument for its hurmat (being haram). Not having a correct view of Tanjim leads to the issuance of an incorrect religious ruling. Accordingly, some have considered news of celestial rulings as haram (forbidden) and some as permissible. Those who consider Tanjim as haram, whose main reason is disbelief, have not paid attention to independent and non-independent causes, and this has caused their rulings regarding Tanjim to be insufficiently thorough. This study, with the library method, information analysis and comparison of opinions, looks for the problems in the absolute hurmat of Tanjim and to prove Tanjim as not being haram considering independent and non-independent causes. Because the non-independent reference of events to the heavens does not require any polytheism. the effects of these matters in the ruling of Tanjim has not been considered by researchers. Therefore, first the concept of tanjim is explained and after that, the ruling of news about celestial conditions rulings is examined to finally be able to examine the arguments for its hurmat and permissibility of the news of the celestial rulings in detail, or to reach the correct viewpoint. The findings include these items 1. Definite news of celestial rulings or belief in the influence of the stars is permissible, and this can not lead to disbelief and polytheism. 2. What causes the hurmat of Tanjim is the reference to an independent relation to the heavens, but non-independent reference does not have any corrupt consequences. 3. The arguments of the jurists on the hurmat of Tanjim is not absolutely complete. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Coating of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with Human and Bovine Serum Albumins: A Thermodynamic Approach
M. Keshavarz Z. Ghasemi -
Open Access Article
5 - Thermodynamic Analysis for Cationic Surfactants Binding to Bovine Serum Albumin
Abdol-Khalegh Bordbar -
Open Access Article
6 - pH Dependence Study of the Kinetic Reaction of Bovine Carbonic Anhydrase with 2,2'-Dithiobispyridine in the Absence and Presence of Surfactants
All Akbar Saboury Christopher Olumuyiwa Aboluwoye Naghme Sarri-Sarraf -
Open Access Article
7 - The Significant Absence of Man to Express the Divine in the Crisis of Corona 2019: An Analysis According to Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit
Mahboobeh Akbari Naseri Behrooz ElyasiThe global outbreak of the corona virus (2019) in the world has led to a rethinking of many human relationships. The humanities, and especially philosophy, were no exception. In this study, an attempt is made to rethink the absence of humans in public and its relation t MoreThe global outbreak of the corona virus (2019) in the world has led to a rethinking of many human relationships. The humanities, and especially philosophy, were no exception. In this study, an attempt is made to rethink the absence of humans in public and its relation to the expression of the divine in three areas: art, religion, and philosophy, according to the text of the “Phenomenology of spirit”. In Hegel's thought, the expression of the divine command in the three mentioned fields is possible with the presence of man and for man. The emptying of public, especially places of worship, has led us to question how man and the divine relate to the contemporary world. The results of this study show that in the modern world, nihilism and secularism, art and religion were ineffective in expressing the divine from Hegel's point of view. However, the specific appearances and ceremonies of the arts and the Christian revealed religion still demonstrate them to be effective, Corona unveiled a larger crisis that is the result of the departure of the divine. In the contemporary world, it is possible to express the divine in philosophy. Hegel argues that religion and God are rational, and that the process of the Spirit's manifestation in the material world has been rational, but with an in-depth look at the history of metaphysics, and the events of the modern world, we see that the rational divine is still unthinkable. Corona's outbreak crisis reveals a lack of wisdom Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Good and Evil
Seyyed Muhammad BojnurdiTheists believe that the Universe is governed by a single being whorules according to absolute wisdom, grace, power and justice. Hiswisdom and grace implies that He creates a universe with the bestpossible order and most goods and perfection. A universe which is, asHe H MoreTheists believe that the Universe is governed by a single being whorules according to absolute wisdom, grace, power and justice. Hiswisdom and grace implies that He creates a universe with the bestpossible order and most goods and perfection. A universe which is, asHe Himself, perfect and pure good. At the first glance, however, wefind the universe lacking goodness, i. e. a universe endowed withVices and evils. These Vices may be regarded as either metaphysical,natural, or moral.These questions and the like put the Divine attributes such asHis Omniscience & Omnipotent, Tawhid (Oneness) Divine Justice,His Grace, divine absolute Wisdom and Power under doubt. Theauthor is attempting to propose solutions posed by Islamicphilosophers in this regard. Different approaches taken by somecontemporary philosophers such as J.L. McGee and the answeroffered by the contemporary philosopher of religion, Alvin Plantinga,will be further studied. Manuscript profile -
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9 - Aquinas on the Natural Intellect and the Ideas Given by the Divine Grace
Amir Jafari Mohammad SaeedimehrFrom Aquinas’s viewpoint the intellect is just one of the Faculties of the human soul, and not identical with the very essence of the soul and thus human being possesses an intellect. On the other hand, unlike Plato, he believes that man has no innate concept but MoreFrom Aquinas’s viewpoint the intellect is just one of the Faculties of the human soul, and not identical with the very essence of the soul and thus human being possesses an intellect. On the other hand, unlike Plato, he believes that man has no innate concept but he can separate or abstract the forms (Ideas) of natural things. The origin of human concepts is the material world, so the Intellect‘s operation arises from sensation. The intellect knows nothing but what it receives from the senses. From this point of view Aquinas must be seen as an empiricist. Thomas is, however, a Christian philosopher too. God is the immaterial truth, so the natural power of the created intellect falls short to enable it to see the essence of God. Consequently, he believes that humans are sometimes given non-material ideas through divine grace. It increases the intellectual powers so that the forms are ultimately perceived by the human intellect. Nonetheless, in order to have these forms, some supernatural disposition should be added to the intellect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - A Synoptic View of Aghā Mohammad Rezā Ghomshei's Thoughts and Works
Amir Javan ArastehAghā Mohammad Rezā Ghomshei possesses a high status inphilosophical and mystical discussions. Despite this fact, scarcely anyresearcher has investigated thoughts and theories of such importantsage. Although understanding and explanation of mystical thoughs ofsuch person MoreAghā Mohammad Rezā Ghomshei possesses a high status inphilosophical and mystical discussions. Despite this fact, scarcely anyresearcher has investigated thoughts and theories of such importantsage. Although understanding and explanation of mystical thoughs ofsuch person as Aghā Mohammad Rezā – who is considered as one ofthe most major expositors of Ibn al- Arabi's school – is out of writer'sreach, but this article aims to clarfy some aspects of his thinking bypacing through his writings as much as possible. Manuscript profile -
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11 - Saadia Gaon and his Mutazilite Approach in Interpretation and Theology
دکتر سعید عدالت نژاد وحیده سعدی نعلبندیCertain method of demonstrating theological and exegetical claims isone of the heritages of Mutazilite Muslim theologians. One of the maincharacteristics of this method is that there is a considerable attention toreason as the permission to use rhetorician figures like MoreCertain method of demonstrating theological and exegetical claims isone of the heritages of Mutazilite Muslim theologians. One of the maincharacteristics of this method is that there is a considerable attention toreason as the permission to use rhetorician figures like metaphor andallegoric exegesis in describing theological doctrines as well as ininterpreting of the Quran. Assuming that using this method was notconfined to Muslim Mutazilite theologians and, before and after them,some of the Jewish Christian theologians have used this method, thepaper focusing on the divine attributes and relying on some instances ofthe interpretations of the Bible, will try to show that Saadia Gaon, aJewish theologian (d. 942), had a method similar to that of MuslimMutazilte theologians and, therefore, it might be called him "MutaziliteJew". Using a method like Mutazilite theologians, he interpretedintricate concepts in the Old Testament by concentrating on rhetoricalaspects of the text, and defended Jewish theology against the objectionsfrom his theological opponents, that is Christians. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Ibn Sina on “Divine Attributes”
mohsen Ghasempour Seyed Abbas Zahabi Mohammad SeedimehrIn the history of human thought, no fundamental issue has made man think as much as the knowledge of God, which is not possible except through His attributes, and the answer to which has been a serious demand of thinkers of every age, especially philosophers. In Islamic MoreIn the history of human thought, no fundamental issue has made man think as much as the knowledge of God, which is not possible except through His attributes, and the answer to which has been a serious demand of thinkers of every age, especially philosophers. In Islamic philosophical thought, Ibn Sina's thought, as the most influential and stable ideas in the field of philosophy, which has caused profound intellectual changes, has special advantages. This article has tried to explain the relationship between the geometry of this sage's opinions in the basic axes of the discussion of divine names and attributes, ie “objectivity of essence and attributes” and “conceptual unity of attributes” by modeling this philosophical thought in the geography of Shiite thought. The final finding of the research emphasizes the fact that in Ibn Sina's view, “objectivity of attributes with essence” is in fact the basis of the theory of “conceptual union of attributes” and the connection between the two titles is necessary; Therefore, Ibn Sina, based on an accurate understanding of the “objectivity of essence and attributes” and subsequently, has proposed this specific theory in the “conceptual union of attributes”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Effect of Cysteamine Supplementation on in vitro Maturation of bovine Oocyte
رحیم بهشتی جمشید قیاسی قلعه کندی آمنه محمدی روشندهThis study was aimed at determining the effect of cysteamine supplement during in vitromaturation of bovine oocytes. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) from abattoir ovaries werewere obtained from local abattoir (Tabriz abattoir, East Azarbaijan, Iran) shortly after slaugh MoreThis study was aimed at determining the effect of cysteamine supplement during in vitromaturation of bovine oocytes. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) from abattoir ovaries werewere obtained from local abattoir (Tabriz abattoir, East Azarbaijan, Iran) shortly after slaughterand transported to the laboratory in 0.9% NaCl solution plus 100 IU/ml potassium penicillin G,and 100 μg/ml streptomycin sulfate at 30-35°C, within 2 to 4 h from slaughter. Cumulus-oocytecomplexes (COCs) from abattoir ovaries were matured in vitro in Hepes-TCM 199supplemented with 0.2 mM sodium pyruvate, 1 μg/ml 17-β-estradiol, 10% fetal calf serum(FCS), 0.5 μg/ml bFSH and 0 (control) and 0.1, 0.5 or 1 mM/ml of cysteamine for 24 h. WhenCOCs matured in TCM 199 media with 0.1 mM/ml cysteamine, the rate of maturation wereincreased as compared with control group (46.66 vs 33.33%, respectively). The maturation rateof oocytes in media with 0.5 mM/ml cysteamine (56.55%) was significantly higher than controlgroup (33.33%) (P<0.05). Also, the percentage of unmatured oocytes in 1 mM/ml treatmentgroup lower than other groups (P<0.05). The results demonstrate that cysteamine when presentduring IVM, improved bovine oocyte maturation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Identification of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in samples tissue ileum of cattle slaughtered in Shahr-e Kord with ziehl neelsen staining and nested PCR method
حسن کریمی عبدالرسول نامجو حسن ممتاز محمدرضا نامداریJohne s disease is a severe chronic progressive enteritis that infect digestive system ofruminants, domestic animals, wild animals and equine .This study performed due to distinguishM. avium paratuberculosis with nested polymerase chain reaction and Ziehl–Neelsen, MoreJohne s disease is a severe chronic progressive enteritis that infect digestive system ofruminants, domestic animals, wild animals and equine .This study performed due to distinguishM. avium paratuberculosis with nested polymerase chain reaction and Ziehl–Neelsen, s stainingon the ilieum samples of slaughtered cattle in Shahr-e- Kord industrial slaughterhouse. Resultsshowed that respectively 6.6% and 26.67 % of bovine are contaminated with M. aviumparatuberculosis according to histopathology method and nested polymerase chain reaction .Mac nemar statistical test showed that sensitivity of PCR test was more than histopathologicalmethod( P<0.001) . Also 80% total agreement between these two methods and the Kappacoefficients calculated at 0.33 which represent is poor agreement (P<0.01). There wasn’tsignificant deference between, gender, race and age with infection rate ( P>0.05). The resultsshowed that a nested PCR test for diagnosis of infection is high speed and accuracy and in theprimary levels of disease that amount of microorganism is a few we cannot trust to result ofhistopathological method for recognition of Johne‚s disease Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - A survey on the prevalence of mycoplasmal infections in infectious bovine keratoconjuntivitis
افشین رئوفی، پرهام متقیان، امید مددگار، آریا بدیعی .Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is the most common infectious ocular disease of cattle throughout the world. In addition to Moraxella bovis as the principal causative agent, Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus and Mycoplasma species probably act a MoreInfectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is the most common infectious ocular disease of cattle throughout the world. In addition to Moraxella bovis as the principal causative agent, Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus and Mycoplasma species probably act as risk factors for IBK. The objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence of mycoplasma sp. in the conjunctival sac of dairy cattle and its relationship with different stages of IBK. A total number of 60 samples from IBK-affected and healthy eyes were collected from different dairy farms during outbreaks of IBK and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to investigate the presence of mycoplasma sp. in the conjunctival sac. In this study, affected and healthy eyes consisted 61.8% and 38.2% of those with positive PCR results. As well, cases of conjunctivitis, keratitis and corneal ulcers consisted 23.8%, 33.3% and 42.9%, respectively. In conclusion, although there was no significant difference, greater percentages of positive PCR results were IBK affected and in addition consisted more severe forms of the disease. Therefore, Mycoplasma sp. infection may have a role in the pathogenesis and severity of IBK lesions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Comparison of performance of C-Vine and D-Vine tree copulas in multivariate analysis of precipitation characteristics
Maryam Shafaei Rasoul MirabbasiIn this study, the basic features of a tree vine copula such as the ability to decompose multivariate distributions into two-dimensional distributions, its flexibility in high-dimensional problems, and the use of conditional dependencies between variables have been cons MoreIn this study, the basic features of a tree vine copula such as the ability to decompose multivariate distributions into two-dimensional distributions, its flexibility in high-dimensional problems, and the use of conditional dependencies between variables have been considered. The purpose is to use C-Vine and D-Vine structures to determine the four-dimensional probabilistic distribution function of important characteristics of precipitation events of Cremona rain station located in Italy including maximum precipitation intensity total precipitation depth, wet period duration and dry period. So that, a combination of the most suitable Archimedean and elliptical copulas families was identified to fit the pair-copulas of each of the C-Vine and D-Vine structures. The optimal combined distribution functions of C-Vine and D-Vine structures were also calculated using chain density functions and compared with the four-dimensional experimental copula of important precipitation characteristics. Finally, the accuracy of C-Vine and D-Vine tree structures in determining the combined distribution functions of important precipitation characteristics was compared. The results showed that the RDLM C-Vine structure has a minimum value of evaluation criteria RMSE = 0.029 and MAE = 0.022, as well as a maximum of P-value = 0.35 and R2 = 0.998 among all C-Vine and D-Vine structures. As a result, it has the highest accuracy for frequency analyzing the of precipitation characteristics of Cremona station in Italy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Call for Prostration in the Day of Judgment from the Viewpoints of Quran and Mystics
علی اشرف امامیIn Holy Quran (68:42) one of the characteristics of the Day of Judgment hasbeen described as “the day when the leg shall be bared” which is a metaphorfor removing the veil of Glory; and subsequently the humiliation of creaturesare shown by general command fo MoreIn Holy Quran (68:42) one of the characteristics of the Day of Judgment hasbeen described as “the day when the leg shall be bared” which is a metaphorfor removing the veil of Glory; and subsequently the humiliation of creaturesare shown by general command for prostration. In this research, by takingadvantage of mystical principles and traditional commentaries, fourpropounded questions about these verses (68:42-43) are responded: thegenerality of this command; benefit and sagacity of prostration, polytheists’disability, and whose presence to prostrate. By referring to the HadithTahawwol (a tradition about God's self-transmutation at the Resurrection)-upon which Ibn al-Arabī’s theory of Ilāh ul-Motaghid were developed- andthe other traditions mentioned under these verses by other commentators,author comes to the conclusion that the interpretation of “the leg shall bebared” is associated with divine theophany in the form of Perfect Man.According to Hadith Tahawwol, God reveals Himself to each group ofpeople, but they keep on denying Him until He transmutes Himself intoa form that has the mark which they recognize. However, the Day ofJudgment is the field where monotheists are detached from others. Hence, aparticular theophany is needed by which monotheists start prostrating andothers fail to do so. Concerning the fact that in Shiite tradition the phrase “sāqal-ʻarsh” has been interpreted as the meeting place of the light of oneness(Tawhīd) and the Mohammadian light, and “Kashf sāq” has been interpretedas the authority and guardianship of Shiite Imams, and with regard to what isnarrated in Bukhari’s Sahih one can interprete the verse as the epiphany ofuniversal guardianship. Therefore, prostration in the Day of Judgment beforethis Truth is like angles’ bowing down to man. Manuscript profile -
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18 - Concept of Love from Rūzbahān Baqlī’s Viewpoint
محمودرضا اسفندیار فاطمه سلیمانی کوشالیLove has a significant place in the mysticism of Rūzbahān Baqlī– theprominent mystic of the 12th century. Dealing with the concept of loveis the continuation of a tradition that dates back to the early generationsof Sufis. This tradition noticeably has been reflec MoreLove has a significant place in the mysticism of Rūzbahān Baqlī– theprominent mystic of the 12th century. Dealing with the concept of loveis the continuation of a tradition that dates back to the early generationsof Sufis. This tradition noticeably has been reflected in Rūzbahān’sworks, especially in his Abhar al-‘Āshiqīn. In fact, he constructed hismystical path on the basis of love. He believed that love has floweddown into the whole chain of beings, from the highest level to thelowest one.From his point of view, love is one of the God’s attributes. SinceGod’s attributes are inseparable from His essence, and the essence ofGod is ineffable, so love is ineffable too. Therefore, only love coulddescribe itself. Love has no limitations; so, only love can transform therelationship between the Creator and the creature into a relationshipbetween the lover and the Beloved. Rūzbahān considers human beingas a manifestation of God’s beauty. He admires physical beauty andgoodness as an essential element for falling in love and so he believesin an eternal relation between goodness and love. He considers earthylove as a motivating factor for attaining the divine love. By presentingdifferent categories of love, he shows the way to go through this path. Manuscript profile -
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19 - Movement of God’s love in Creation and its Relation to the Breath of the All-merciful
فاطمه عباسیLove is a divine stage. God attributed love to himself and calledhimself the Loving (wadud). He loved himself at first then loved toobserve himself in others, so created the universe in His own form. Hesaw the universe and loved it. Since God created the universe in His MoreLove is a divine stage. God attributed love to himself and calledhimself the Loving (wadud). He loved himself at first then loved toobserve himself in others, so created the universe in His own form. Hesaw the universe and loved it. Since God created the universe in Hisown form, universe is beautiful and God loves beauty. If there was nolove, the Loving and the All-merciful God were not recognized. Lovein its absoluteness exists in all seen and unseen creatures. The Loving’sfirst manifestation is the theophany of the Divine Essence for Itself, inthe images of all the fixed entities (al-a‘yān al-thābita) in the DivineKnowledge. By the second manifestation the immutable entitiesappeared in the outward world. So every thing were emanated by love.Since the universe was manifested by the Breath of the All-merciful,the essence of this Breath is love. God created the universe by Hisbreath. He created it and made Himself recognized because if He wasnot recognized His names and attributes were not manifested and theuniverse remained in nonexistence (‘adam). Therefore, God’s love ofthe recognition of his names and attributes is the cause of creation. Manuscript profile -
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20 - Deification and Mystical Vision in the Eastern Orthodox Christianity
سید نادر محمدزادهMystical vision and deification is the final goal of the mystics in theOrthodox Church. They believe that in the mystical vision Divinemanifestation or powers could be observed, but, the Divine essenceremains inaccessible. Therefore, in the theology of the OrthodoxChurc MoreMystical vision and deification is the final goal of the mystics in theOrthodox Church. They believe that in the mystical vision Divinemanifestation or powers could be observed, but, the Divine essenceremains inaccessible. Therefore, in the theology of the OrthodoxChurch God is symbolized in two forms: Light and darkness. Easterntheology interpreted the union of the divine and the human in Jesus asglorifying humanity and as preparing humanity for its deification. Thisdoctrine is the cornerstone of the Eastern Orthodox Christianity. Hereagain the union with God means union with His powers. Not only thegrace of God, but also the will of the mystic are taking part indeification Manuscript profile -
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21 - Natural and Cultural Phenomena in Rumi's Thoughts
Seyyed Hamid Reza Raoof مهدی HasanzadehRumi's works are full of stories and anecdotes through which one can acquire some knowledge of his own mystical experiences. Rumi's mystical experiences could be divided into three categories: experiencing the divine nature, the truth of man and the spiritual practice, MoreRumi's works are full of stories and anecdotes through which one can acquire some knowledge of his own mystical experiences. Rumi's mystical experiences could be divided into three categories: experiencing the divine nature, the truth of man and the spiritual practice, each is connected to three different fields of theology, i.e., God, man and their relations. Rumi, as a Muslim mystic, has faced with the world and experienced it as a dynamic and spiritual phenomenon. In fact, mystical experience usually confirms the religious beliefs of the mystic and the mystic tries to establish a link between what he observes and what he believes. Therefore, the mystical experience has a strong influence on the spiritual and worldly life of the mystic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Divine Love and the Meaning of Life according to Ibn ‘Arabi’s Worldview
مهدیه سادات کساییزادهThe meaning of life has been perpetually the subject of humancontemplaion and due to current spiritual crisis, recently has beenpsychologically, philosophically and theologically analyzed. "Thevalue of life" is one of the three concepts which could be extractedfrom this MoreThe meaning of life has been perpetually the subject of humancontemplaion and due to current spiritual crisis, recently has beenpsychologically, philosophically and theologically analyzed. "Thevalue of life" is one of the three concepts which could be extractedfrom this subject, and as the other two concepts, it could bephilosophically analyzed either from naturalistic or supernaturalisticpoints of view. In a theocentric viewpoint, which is considered assupernaturalistic, the relation between the value of human life and Godcould be studied from different angles including the Divine Love. Thepresent article firstly attempts to study the relation between God andthe value of human life by focusing on Divine love and following thisissue in mystical works of Ibn Arabi, and secondly tries to compare theviewpoints of this well-known mystic on the value of human life withthat of western scholars. Ibn Arabi, who believes that the creation ofhuman being has been indebted to God’s love, defines the amorousrelation of God and humans in two levels: a general level and a specificlevel. The first level proves the life value and the second levelstrengthens the sense of meaningfulness of life by using value-basedinterpretation. Through this analysis it will be understood that love hasdifferent aspects and God is the only origin of them. Each of theseaspects could play a significant role in making the life meaningful. Manuscript profile -
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23 - Manners of the Man’s Relation with God in Mawlānā’s and Tresa’s Viewpoint
B. QanbarīGod is the central theme in mysticism. Therefore, all the mystics’endeavors are in direct of establishing a relation with Him. During the historyof different mystical traditions, various paths are recommended for suchcommunication. In both Islamic and Christian my MoreGod is the central theme in mysticism. Therefore, all the mystics’endeavors are in direct of establishing a relation with Him. During the historyof different mystical traditions, various paths are recommended for suchcommunication. In both Islamic and Christian mystical traditions, mysticshave both theorized and practiced in various kinds. Although these twotraditions, have some similarities for a comparative study, but their differentattitudes toward God and man has caused some divergences too. InChristianity, God enters into the course of the history within the Christ’s bodyand causes a totally different relation by His incarnation. It is obvious thatsuch a God is not comparable with Islamic concept of the unconditioned God.Instead of all these facts, in both traditions God has personification and this istheir most significant similarity that facilitates a comparison.Tresa of Avila and Jalāl al-Dīn Mohammad Mawlawī, are among themost significant mystics of these two traditions. Both Tresa and Mawlānā,have considered a personal relation with God as the basis of their journeytowards Him, and their works testify to this fact. This survey may besignificant in opening a new view to comparative studies of mysticism. TheAuthor’s method is phenomenological and comparative. At first, a concisebiography of Tresa is reported, but for Mawlānā’s reputation among thereaders, the author has withheld from referring to his biography. Manuscript profile -
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24 - Divine Name: The Key to the Mystical Path
رویا Mosavi محمد Asadi MT Fa'aliThis article tries to look at the path toward God in Islamic mysticism with the emphasis on Devine Names. In other words, through Devine Names we try to recognize and define the states of mystical path. For this purpose, we collect different views about the mystical jou MoreThis article tries to look at the path toward God in Islamic mysticism with the emphasis on Devine Names. In other words, through Devine Names we try to recognize and define the states of mystical path. For this purpose, we collect different views about the mystical journey from Sufi works, then we extract the common Devine Names parallel to each state of the journey. Since, as Sufis mentioned, Devine Names have an effect on each other, especially the Seven Names of God are the bases for Divine manifestation, so they are the principal elements for the God realization and assuming the Divine character. Therefore, as the mystics say, the Devine Names are the keys for the locked gates of the mystical path. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Origen’s Approach to Christology
maryam tahmasbi hajivand طاهره حاج ابراهیمیOne of the most vehement defenders of Christianity, Origen for the first time ever in Christian studies used the word, homoousios to define the relation of god the son/divine logos with respect to God himself. To him, God the Father and the divine Logos are of the same MoreOne of the most vehement defenders of Christianity, Origen for the first time ever in Christian studies used the word, homoousios to define the relation of god the son/divine logos with respect to God himself. To him, God the Father and the divine Logos are of the same substance but possess different functions and properties, and each plays its part in divinity according to its own function. He differentiates substantively between God the Father and God the Son, which culminates in the proposition of a linear relation between the two divine hypostases. Origen posits that the divine word was incarnated in the body of Jesus Christ and settled on earth. The incarnate Logos possess two divine and human natures, and whose human nature is an incarnate God who purposely attained human form and countenance to help bring about human deliverance and salvation. Incarnation of the divine Logos is the completion of a pledge that god has made with man before the creation of this world. This research attempts to examine Origen’s standing in Christian theology and delve deeper into his notions of Christology. Manuscript profile -
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26 - The Characteristics of Divine Love from the Viewpoint of St. John of the Cross
ابوالفضل محمودی لیلا رضاییDivine love is the cornerstone of John's mystical life. His heart wassurrounded by the flame of love, so much so that every teaching in hismind was strongly connected to it. He believed that by transformationof soul into the divine love, it achieves all virtues and coul MoreDivine love is the cornerstone of John's mystical life. His heart wassurrounded by the flame of love, so much so that every teaching in hismind was strongly connected to it. He believed that by transformationof soul into the divine love, it achieves all virtues and could be able toreceive God's epiphanies. On the other hand, the spiritual itinerarycould not come to an end without love. Thus love is both the way andthe goal of the mystical journey. For John, love is the bearer of blissand knowledge and brings about the unity of the lover and the beloved.He emphasized the annihilation of oneself in Christ, so that the truelover for him is one who abandons his will to the Lord. Manuscript profile -
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27 - The Grace in Catholic Theology and the Principle of Luṭf in Shī’a Theology: A Comparative Study
Raouf Nosratian Mahdi QasemiGrace in Catholic theology is the free favour of God as manifested inthe salvation of men. This teaching is related to important conceptssuch as faith, church, salvation, knowledge acquisition, and sacraments.On the other hand, the Principle of Lutf in Shī’a theol MoreGrace in Catholic theology is the free favour of God as manifested inthe salvation of men. This teaching is related to important conceptssuch as faith, church, salvation, knowledge acquisition, and sacraments.On the other hand, the Principle of Lutf in Shī’a theology has a similarfunction, i.e. it is the Divine guidance realized by sending prophets andimams. The Omniscience God knows man's needs and by His wisdomdirects whole creation, including man's life, from the beginning to theend. The Principle of Luṭf is particularly mentioned in arguing aboutthe prophethood, imamate and ijmaʿ (consensus between jurists). So thefinal goal of Grace and Luṭf is similar: "guiding human beings" whichleads to salvation. Both try to explain the relation of men and God froman epistemological point of view, therefore the comparative study ofthese teachings could be useful in the inter-religious dialogue betweenIslam and Christianity. Manuscript profile -
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28 - The Transformation of Human Love to Divine Love from Rūzbahān Baqlī's Viewpoint
زهرا Koshki انشاالله Rahmati GH Arya علیرضا EbrahimAccording to the doctrine of love in the Sufi worldview, the relation between human love and Divine love has always been the subject of debate and has made it a factor to explain the "hierarchy of monotheism". This paper, which is compiled in a descriptive-analytical an MoreAccording to the doctrine of love in the Sufi worldview, the relation between human love and Divine love has always been the subject of debate and has made it a factor to explain the "hierarchy of monotheism". This paper, which is compiled in a descriptive-analytical and phenomenological approach, shows that for Rūzbahān Baqlī, the relation between human love and Divine love is not from the viewpoint of “al-Majaz Qantaratu al-Haqiqah” but from the view that a genuine human love is God’s love. Rūzbahān, especially by highlighting the concept of "esoteric monotheism" versus "formal monotheism", reveals significant differences with its three contemporaries, followers of Shari'ah, outspoken Sufis, and most of the mystics of his time. Finally, by explaining the meaning of the two words Ighanah and Iltibas, He introduces the focus on "manifestations" of that eternal truth in the form of creatures, especially human beings, as the only way to understand the eternal beauty of God and to taste the love of communion and attainment of inner monotheism. Manuscript profile -
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29 - The Life and the Mystical Thoughts of St. Bonaventure
Hamid MahmoudianSt. Bonaventure is undoubtedly one of the most distinguished andeffective figures in Christian mysticism. As the second founder ofFranciscan order, he gives an account of St. Francis' biography andworks; beside that, he deals with the Christian mysticism in his works.Al MoreSt. Bonaventure is undoubtedly one of the most distinguished andeffective figures in Christian mysticism. As the second founder ofFranciscan order, he gives an account of St. Francis' biography andworks; beside that, he deals with the Christian mysticism in his works.Although his place among the Franciscans is similar to the place ofThomas Aquinas among the Dominicans, the account of his life is notas clear as Aquinas' biography. However, his works could help us tounderstand his character and thought. For example, his book entitledThe Journey of the Mind to God (1259 C. E.) is one of the mostimportant works on Christian mysticism. This article tries to survey hisbiography and his works as well as his ideology and his mystical pointof view. Manuscript profile -
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30 - Divine Lover According to Richard Rolle and Aḥmad Ghazālī with an Emphasis on Fire of Love and Sawāniḥ al –ushshāq
زهره Hemmat فاطمه LajevardiThis article compares the views of Richard Rolle (ca. 1300- 1349), an English hermit, mystic, writer and Bible interpreter and Aḥmad Ghazālī (ca. 1060- 1126), an Iranian mystic, writer and preacher on love. These mystics have spoken of love in detail in their works, Fir MoreThis article compares the views of Richard Rolle (ca. 1300- 1349), an English hermit, mystic, writer and Bible interpreter and Aḥmad Ghazālī (ca. 1060- 1126), an Iranian mystic, writer and preacher on love. These mystics have spoken of love in detail in their works, Fire of Love and Sawāniḥ al -ushshāq. This paper, shows that topics on love in these two books include: The essence of love, The beloved, Characteristics of a lover, Essentials of love and Results of love. Re-examining these categories illustrates the differences and similarities between the two mystics' views of the concept of love and lovers. The ideas of Rolle and Ghazālī are overlapping in the nature of love, but their views differ significantly on other topics. From Rolle's point of view, love cannot be realized except through the religious context and Christian ethics, and it only makes sense in relation to God, Christ and the Trinity. However, in Ghazālī's view, the ontological and psychological aspects of love and lover are more intense, and it is capable of being experienced in relation to God and his creatures. The present study compares the view of this two mystics on the Characteristics of lover in detail. Manuscript profile -
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31 - Comparative Analysis of Butter spectra of FTIR and NMR in Combination with Tallow
Z. Nilchian M. R. Ehsani Z. Piravi-vanak S. Soha -
Open Access Article
32 - portfolio optimization based on modeling of dependence structure and extreme value theory
mohamad safaei alireza saranj Mehdi ZolfaghariInvestigating the probablility of rare events occurring (events that occur with very low probability) is an important issue in portfolio risk management. extreme value theory of value provides the mathematical basis for modeling these events and calculating the risk cri MoreInvestigating the probablility of rare events occurring (events that occur with very low probability) is an important issue in portfolio risk management. extreme value theory of value provides the mathematical basis for modeling these events and calculating the risk criteria associated with them, such as the value at risk. The purpose of this paper is to model the dependency structure andextreme value theory of 10 foreign exchange companies of Tehran Stock Exchange (Persian Gulf Holding, Bandar Abbas Refinery, Mobarakeh Steel, Topico, Ghadir, Parsian Oil and Gas, Melli Mes, Gol Gohar, Mobile Communications, Chadormelo).The results indicated the fact that among the stock returns of the top 10 companies evaluated, it is possible that using extreme value theory of value using vine Copula functions, the results of the forecast were greatly increased. Results of the copula function in six modes: simple Copula (t), time-varying Copula (tDCC), and Gaussian distribution-based time-varying Copula (GDCC). tvSJC) was investigated. In all six cases, the use of the Copula -wine method increased the accuracy in predicting optimal stock returns. Manuscript profile -
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33 - Dependence structure between Iranian financial system’s sub sectors: a vine copula approach
Soheil Khalili Reza TehraniIn this paper, we apply R-Vine copula -ARMA-APGARCH approach to investigate the dynamic relationship between banking, insurance and pension, investment and other financials sub-indexes in Tehran stock exchange. Using a sample of more than 8 years of daily return ob MoreIn this paper, we apply R-Vine copula -ARMA-APGARCH approach to investigate the dynamic relationship between banking, insurance and pension, investment and other financials sub-indexes in Tehran stock exchange. Using a sample of more than 8 years of daily return observations of the financial sub-indexes, we find evidence of significant and symmetric relationship between these variables. Finally, there is evidence to suggest that the application of the vine copula model improves the accuracy of VaR estimates, compared to traditional approaches. This paper results show that vine copula VaR is accurate at 1% and 5% significance levels. This paper’s findings suggest the flexibility and capacity of vine copula structures in financial dependency modeling and risk management Manuscript profile -
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34 - A Comparison of Idris & Dante Divine Journey in Islamic Culture & Divine Comedy
Mohammad Reza Nasr Esfahani Nasrin TahmtanThe vital aim of the comparative literature is to describe the relationships and dealings between the world's literature and nations' culture and also is to emphasize the literary, cultural and religious interactions. The spirit journey to the heavens has always been th MoreThe vital aim of the comparative literature is to describe the relationships and dealings between the world's literature and nations' culture and also is to emphasize the literary, cultural and religious interactions. The spirit journey to the heavens has always been the common issues in allegorical stories. The spiritual journey to the heavens is the main theme of Idris's Islamic Culture and Dante's Divine Comedy. The journey happens in three stages: Numb, Hell and Heaven. Dante's journey happens in Hell, Limbo and Heaven. Idris's is a figurative one with a divine source while Divine Comedy is a fantastic journey. The goal of the present article is to survey and evaluate the similarities and differences of these two journeys in Islamic and Christian cultures. Manuscript profile -
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35 - A Comparative Study of “Pardon epistle,” “Divine Comedy” and “Creature”
Narjes Tohidi farThis article is an effort in studying and comparing several ascension writings include: Abolala Ma’arri’s “ Pardon epistle”, Dante’s “Divine Comedy” and Sadegh Hedayat’s “Creature”. The similarity aspect of all three of them, is traveling to the world of spirits and the MoreThis article is an effort in studying and comparing several ascension writings include: Abolala Ma’arri’s “ Pardon epistle”, Dante’s “Divine Comedy” and Sadegh Hedayat’s “Creature”. The similarity aspect of all three of them, is traveling to the world of spirits and the world after death, and their difference is in religious attitude of “Pardon epistle” and “Divine Comedy” with a nihilistic attitude of “Creature”. This paper reviews the influence of “Pardon epistle” on “Divine Comedy “and explains both religious and nihilistic attitudes about the search of man in the world after death. Manuscript profile -
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36 - Jami's "Leili" and Nezami's "Leili"
Mehdi Ala'l HosseiniLeili and Majnoon's story is every honest lover's story. Despite of many different versions, failure in love is common in all. This old fabulous story was written by Nezami in Persian for the first time. Then other poets relate this story after him which the most famous MoreLeili and Majnoon's story is every honest lover's story. Despite of many different versions, failure in love is common in all. This old fabulous story was written by Nezami in Persian for the first time. Then other poets relate this story after him which the most famous one is Abdol Rahman .Jami's, He composed this story 300 years later after him. In the present article, the characters are introduced from different literal studies and have surveyed different points of view of two precious poets ­Jami and Nezami _ about these two lovers. Manuscript profile -
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37 - Divine Paths: “A Comparative study of two mystic works; Seir Al Ibad Ila Al Ma'ad by Sanaie and Divine Comedy by Dante”
Hassan Akbari Beiraq Ilyas BabaieSanai Qaznavi - the sixth Century poet in his work "Seir Al Ibad Ila Al Maad" and Aligheri Dante- the Italian pad ofthe fifteenth century AC in his famous work "Di vine Comedy" emphasize the existence of another world through different allegories. In fact these two work MoreSanai Qaznavi - the sixth Century poet in his work "Seir Al Ibad Ila Al Maad" and Aligheri Dante- the Italian pad ofthe fifteenth century AC in his famous work "Di vine Comedy" emphasize the existence of another world through different allegories. In fact these two works depict the utopia which describes a perfect human being. Since he stories of both works are based on phenomenology oftwo spirits in a long and difficult quest. common themes and objectives could be found. The present article studies the similarities and differences between the two works. Manuscript profile -
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38 - The relationship between the life style of Prosperous and suffering from the divine tradition of importation from the point of view of the Qur'an and Hadith
seyyed mohammad khatamin nezhad yadollah maleki Shir Mohammad Ali pour AbdoliLifestyle as a form of individual identity and a set of individual and social behavioral patterns from the distinctive semantic system that represents the individual worldview and the associated group of lifestyles.The lifestyle of the transcendental life, the beneficia MoreLifestyle as a form of individual identity and a set of individual and social behavioral patterns from the distinctive semantic system that represents the individual worldview and the associated group of lifestyles.The lifestyle of the transcendental life, the beneficiaries of many worldly blessings, shows that they have stepped in the valley of sin and door, while having various worldly blessings and they use godly blessings for the sake of pride, plurality, self -esteem, and humiliation.Divine States are the permanent and firm method of God in the recounting of religion and the efficient tool of guidance and education to achieve good or bad consequences in the world and in the hereafter, which can accurately understand these traditions can be a decisive role in human end.The purpose of the upcoming research is to explore the role of the lifestyle in their worldly end, using a qualitative method of analytical -descriptive type, with the help of the Qur'an and traditions, and with a look at the divine tradition.The most prominent result of this study is that the lifestyle and their way of dealing with the divine tradition play a decisive role in their unfortunate endowment in the world, and their punishment is not limited and unique to the Day of Resurrection. Manuscript profile -
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39 - A Study on the Islamic Society Growth Process by Emphasizing Al Hujurat Surah
Mohammad Abdolhossein Zadeh Seyyed Yousef Kamalian Mahdi AbdolhamidIslamic society's growth process happens through trials and sufferings. Moslems should be aware of their positions, their duties and responsibilities in the sufferings in order to keep the Islamic government and grow (themselves) as well. Al Hujurat Surah also exp MoreIslamic society's growth process happens through trials and sufferings. Moslems should be aware of their positions, their duties and responsibilities in the sufferings in order to keep the Islamic government and grow (themselves) as well. Al Hujurat Surah also expresses an event which had happened in Prophet Mohammad's era. It states that if believers obey God's orders correctly, the Islamic government would be stronger and Moslems would grow as well. The present research describes the growth process through different trials and sufferings by enjoying Quran's Surahs strategies and based on the subjective method. Manuscript profile -
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40 - Trick and its Attribution to Allah
Mohammad Sharifi Nasrin EshtiyaqiIn some of the verses of Holy Quran the trick adjective is attributed to Allah and creates the doubt of God’s tricking; and raises this question in human’s mind that God tricks as human does and why Allah describes himself as the Best Planner. The authors of MoreIn some of the verses of Holy Quran the trick adjective is attributed to Allah and creates the doubt of God’s tricking; and raises this question in human’s mind that God tricks as human does and why Allah describes himself as the Best Planner. The authors of the present study attempt to survey the interpreters’ point of view and the differences between human tricks and Allah’s in descriptive – analytical method. Manuscript profile -
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41 - The Indications of Reaching Fallah in Holy Qur'an
Karim Parchebaf Dowlati Fereshteh Motamed langroudiThe term of “Fallah” is of fundamental position in moral Islamic teachings culture and Holy Qur’an; because most of people are doing decent acts and Ethical behaviors to reach to Fallah. In Holy Quran conception, Fallah means ”achievement” MoreThe term of “Fallah” is of fundamental position in moral Islamic teachings culture and Holy Qur’an; because most of people are doing decent acts and Ethical behaviors to reach to Fallah. In Holy Quran conception, Fallah means ”achievement” ”triumph”, ”success” and “salivation. Also happiness achievement is called Fallah. Or when an individual overcomes the barriers and faces ideal goal. Based on the ingrained capacities of Human, he can rely on factors such as: faith, good deeds, virtue, self-purification, repentance, enjoining good and forbidding wrong and mentioning God’s blessings in order to find salvation. Virtue and piety amongst all is the main principle to salvation and happiness. The present article studies the most famous indications to reach Fallah from Quran point of view. Manuscript profile -
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42 - A Study of Correspondence between Ontological and Human Worlds
Abdol Mahmod MansorianfarOne of the important philosophical and mystical problems which is considered by Islamic philosophers and Gnostics is the correspondence between ontological worlds and human domains, in other words, the question whether there is a kind of correspondence between the unive MoreOne of the important philosophical and mystical problems which is considered by Islamic philosophers and Gnostics is the correspondence between ontological worlds and human domains, in other words, the question whether there is a kind of correspondence between the universal man and the universe and between macrocosm and microcosm. This subject has been discussed in detail in Mohammad Qasim Khalkhali’s book named "Exposition of Du’ae Sahar", which is the most complete interpretation of this Du’a. The author of this article attempts to consider this doctrine from a new point of view. Manuscript profile -
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43 - A Study on the Reason of Allah's Reference to Plural Form in Holy Quran
Seyyed Ibrahim Mortazavi Asqar Tahmasebi Boldaji Leila QanbariTranscendent Allah cites himself in Holy Quran in sole speaker and sometimes in plural form; there is no doubt in sole speaker. But in plural form citation the main matter is the coincidence of plural form and Allah's monotheism. Scholars and intellectuals offer and exp MoreTranscendent Allah cites himself in Holy Quran in sole speaker and sometimes in plural form; there is no doubt in sole speaker. But in plural form citation the main matter is the coincidence of plural form and Allah's monotheism. Scholars and intellectuals offer and express different interpretations and analyses. The present article studies this vital issue by emphasizing eloquence and interpretation scholars. Plural form citation of Allah is applied in Holy Quran for some important reasons such as: to express Allah's Greatness, to honor divine actions, to point out Allah's Great adjectives, to express Angels' roles and etc. Manuscript profile -
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44 - The Last Divine Words Addressed to the Last Prophet in the Mystical Texts(Verse281 from The Surat Al-Baqara)
Mehdi Momtahen Badiollah SadriThe Holy Quran is a book full of threatening and promising and secret truths and it contains various verses that embodies valuable mystical indications including the verse 2:281, which says"be afraid of the day you are returned to God and then everyone is MoreThe Holy Quran is a book full of threatening and promising and secret truths and it contains various verses that embodies valuable mystical indications including the verse 2:281, which says"be afraid of the day you are returned to God and then everyone is given what s/he has acquired and nobody will be treated unjustly" that is said to be the last verse which is revealed to Muhammad(pbuh); So, I have tried to explain this verse on the basis of the mystical exegeses of the Holy Quran and made some attempts to come to some useful conclusions. Furthermore one of the axes in this verse refers to God and death, which is traditionally seen as an important aspect that we face. The main objective of this paper is to explain the dimensions and angles of the words in this verse commentaries on the sayings and mystical texts; and it is trying to achieve beneficial results in this field. Manuscript profile -
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45 - Praised Grief from the Perspective of Islam in Verses and Hadiths
Mohammad AlivandAccurate explanation of the limits of grief is one of the necessities of Islamic society that has an important role in the health of soul and inner of human being, and this fact makes the research necessary for it. The main issue of the research is the study of praised MoreAccurate explanation of the limits of grief is one of the necessities of Islamic society that has an important role in the health of soul and inner of human being, and this fact makes the research necessary for it. The main issue of the research is the study of praised grief from the perspective of Islam according to verses and hadiths. In the Holy Quran, grief and its derivatives are used 42 times. This research has been conducted in a descriptive-analytical method and in the use of research tool in a library research method and it intends to express the types of grief in different areas in terms of verses and hadiths while studying the issue of recognizing grief. In the Quran and narrations, grief is recommended regarding spiritual matters, especially prayer and litany and weeping for the calamity of the Ahl al-Bayt, infallibility and purity (PBUH), and the remembrance of the Hereafter and it is considered as the purity of heart and it creates a state in man together with grief from which we interpret it as refreshing. Manuscript profile -
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46 - Identity of Ismael in Maryam's Surah _ 54 Verse – and Interpreters' Criticize
Saeed Moradi Kiasaraei Amin AzimiIn 54th Verse of Maryam Surah a prophet called Ismael by the Honest Promise adjective has been named: "And mention in the Book [the story of] Abraham. Indeed, he was a man of truth and a prophet". Is he Ismael the son of Ibrahim the Prophet or another Ismael – Ism MoreIn 54th Verse of Maryam Surah a prophet called Ismael by the Honest Promise adjective has been named: "And mention in the Book [the story of] Abraham. Indeed, he was a man of truth and a prophet". Is he Ismael the son of Ibrahim the Prophet or another Ismael – Ismael ibn –e Hazqil – one of the Israelites Imams among interpreters? Most of the Shia's interpreters and Sunnite believe that he is Ibrahim's son. But another group by citing verses and traditions in this field accept the second idea. Thus initially Quran's view and then other issues made historians to study the issue from different dimensions. Manuscript profile -
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47 - A study on the Effects of Religious Assumptions on Quran's Translations
Sohrab Morovvati Mina YaghoubiThe present paper attempts to study three samples of Quran verses on "Divine Justice", "Imamat" (Pontificate) and "Ablution" from three translators' point of view – Makarem – e Shirazi, Elahi Qomshei and Fouladvand in order to express the the effects of reli MoreThe present paper attempts to study three samples of Quran verses on "Divine Justice", "Imamat" (Pontificate) and "Ablution" from three translators' point of view – Makarem – e Shirazi, Elahi Qomshei and Fouladvand in order to express the the effects of religious assumptions on Quran's translations. The results show that the mentioned assumptions clarify the religious views obviously. Manuscript profile -
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48 - Study of holidays in Hindu, Buda and Islam
Mohammad AalivandThe purpose of the present article is to show the status of goals, principles and methods of celebrating ceremonies and feasts from and Eastern religions and Islam’s viewpoint in comparative studies. The research method is qualitative and is done in order to MoreThe purpose of the present article is to show the status of goals, principles and methods of celebrating ceremonies and feasts from and Eastern religions and Islam’s viewpoint in comparative studies. The research method is qualitative and is done in order to answer the research question, texts, articles or scripture which are related to these religions’ ideas. This article includes religion’s viewpoint – specifically Islam’s view – on feasts and ceremonies and as a result on society and individuals’ happiness in fact. Islam has not only negated happiness but also emphasized the healthy happiness within a specific framework which causes worldly and unworldly development. Eventually happiness is one of the fundamental needs for human and the necessity for life; essentially creation of al being including human is in such a way that it automatically provides happiness for man; Eastern religions including Hinduism and Buddhism are the ones with various celebrations and feasts that are different from Islam’s in times and rules. Manuscript profile -
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49 - Semantics of "Guidance" emphasizing its Methods in Holy Quran
Shahin Simyari Ali Qaemi Amiri Mohammad ArmandThe main aim of the research is to analyze the guidance role of Muslims Book – Holy Quran – and expressing how to enjoy the redemptive education. The method is analytical – inferential and the data has been gathered in librarian method by taking notes. MoreThe main aim of the research is to analyze the guidance role of Muslims Book – Holy Quran – and expressing how to enjoy the redemptive education. The method is analytical – inferential and the data has been gathered in librarian method by taking notes. The analytical population is all documents – brand new or second hand – about Quran as "Guidance" Book. Analytical sample includes Innocents' narrations and Quran's interpretations in the field of "Guidance". The article initially separates guidance meanings out of lexicons and then expresses interpretations and explanations of guiding Verses of Holy Quran. The results show that Quran is "تبیان کل شیء" "The Book explains clearly everything" for human being and owns special instructions to educate and tutor human in all aspects of worldly and unworldly. By seeking the Verses it could be found out that accepting guidance or rejecting it are brought in Quran in different forms and terms. Manuscript profile -
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50 - Divine Obey in Quran and its improvement ways in the Islamic University
Sorayya Ghotbi Shadi Nafisi Somayyeh TaheriThe aim of the present paper is to recognize the concept of Divine Obey and studies the development solutions in the Islamic University. Four investigative questions have been surveyed about its nature, kinds, prerequisites and solutions in the Islamic University. The m MoreThe aim of the present paper is to recognize the concept of Divine Obey and studies the development solutions in the Islamic University. Four investigative questions have been surveyed about its nature, kinds, prerequisites and solutions in the Islamic University. The method is descriptive – analytical which involves Holy Quran. Development of religious attitude, writing texts based on ideology and introducing obey patterns are some of the religious solutions as well as Islamizing the universities which is its social solution. The result is that the divine obey is one of the necessities of Islamic University. Manuscript profile -
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51 - Divine Custom According to the Account of the Quran
Shamsi Vaghefzadeh Parviz Lakzaeeyan Fakoor Amir Omrani SardooAll methods and rules that exist in divine activities and based on them, all mankind and universe affairs are expedienced, are called divine custom.All universe phenomena are adjudged to these fixed rules and unchangeddivine customs. In another explanatio MoreAll methods and rules that exist in divine activities and based on them, all mankind and universe affairs are expedienced, are called divine custom.All universe phenomena are adjudged to these fixed rules and unchangeddivine customs. In another explanation, God has certain methods in the universe, and never performs things outside this methods. In all parts of Quran, studying divine customs, and the fate of previous nation are emphasized, that itself manifests the performance of these methods in all era and among all tribes.The contents of the verses about divine customs are different. Some of these verses point to the origin of divine customs, some points to their proofs and some points to the definition of the divine customs. Manuscript profile -
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52 - The new approach on the Ijtehadi way of understanding and interpreting the Quran
parvin nabianAbstract In this paper, two major schools of interpretation,i.e. justifiability and Ijtihad are reviewed and their reasons are criticized and reviewed. And eventually the school of interpretation has been spoken about that can be considered a new explanation of the Ijt MoreAbstract In this paper, two major schools of interpretation,i.e. justifiability and Ijtihad are reviewed and their reasons are criticized and reviewed. And eventually the school of interpretation has been spoken about that can be considered a new explanation of the Ijtihad method and that could also be affirmed by the verses and narrations and on its base it could be clarified that the interpretation and explanation of the Qur'an is a divine duty that has been burdened on real commentators of the Quran (the perfect man), the first and leaders infallible Prophet (PBUH) and then divine scholars and jurists who are eligible for the time being, those that without connection with them and without taking use of their presence by asking them and examining one’s understanding of their sight (and not only use their accounts), the view of God in the Holy Quran would not be clarified as the great certainty. So that in the absence of their cognition and without using their views, one cannot sometimes get a preference among diverse concepts of the Quran that is due to the humanization of the realization and it often causes puzzlement and seduction in understanding the verses. Manuscript profile -
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53 - Divine knowledge from the point of view of Sadr al-Muta'allehin and Ibn Sina
Zahra ZaheriOne of the most complex topics in divine philosophy is the issue of divine knowledge. This article examines the views of Sadr al-Muta'allehin and Ibn Sina while stating issues related to this issue. Ibn Sina considers the divine knowledge of essence to be present. He co MoreOne of the most complex topics in divine philosophy is the issue of divine knowledge. This article examines the views of Sadr al-Muta'allehin and Ibn Sina while stating issues related to this issue. Ibn Sina considers the divine knowledge of essence to be present. He considers the divine knowledge of Masavi to be an acquired science which is obtained through the forms of Mortasmeh, therefore he believes in the science of Enai. Mulla Sadra, using the special principles of his philosophy, including the rule of "Basit Al-Haghighat", has presented a new theory about the obligatory divine knowledge to Masavi. Accordingly, God, at the level of His essence, has a brief (simple) knowledge of all of Masavi, who is at the same time the discoverer of Masavi's details. He also defends the essence and necessity of divine knowledge based on his philosophical principles. Manuscript profile -
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54 - An introduction to the Human Perfection Fulfillment from Qur'an and Hadiths’ Viewpoint
Seyyed Mohammad Javad Nabavi Seyyedeh Fatemeh Hosseini MirsafiAll Shiites believe that not only the Prophet of Islam and the Imams were perfect human beings, but also invited others to reach this level and stated the ways to achieve perfection in their way of life and tradition. In this way, the term "perfect human being" and simi MoreAll Shiites believe that not only the Prophet of Islam and the Imams were perfect human beings, but also invited others to reach this level and stated the ways to achieve perfection in their way of life and tradition. In this way, the term "perfect human being" and similar terms such as "true human being" and "perfect human being" have found their way into Islamic culture and sciences and have been discussed in various Islamic sciences such as mysticism, wisdom, theology, interpretation and hadith. The question now is, is human perfection something that can be achieved in this world and before death, and can man achieve it before the soul is cut off from the body? Or is the material world too limited to be a vessel for such perfection for the soul, and therefore the attainment of this perfection depends on death and is only available in another world and another intoxication? Also, if perfection is achieved after death, does this death mean voluntary death and self-killing due to religious sufferings, or does it mean natural death, or do the religious texts not explicit about this and provide a clear answer to this question? Manuscript profile -
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55 - The role of divine traditions in human life from the perspective of the Qur'an and Nahj al-Balaghah
Mahboubeh Ghaffari Seyed Hamid Hosseini Fatemeh ShariatiThe purpose of this study is to investigate the role of divine traditions in human life from the perspective of the Qur'an and Nahj al-Balaghah. In the present study, the role of divine traditions in human life is analyzed from three topics. The Holy Qur'an also uses th MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the role of divine traditions in human life from the perspective of the Qur'an and Nahj al-Balaghah. In the present study, the role of divine traditions in human life is analyzed from three topics. The Holy Qur'an also uses the word tradition about the descent of punishment in infidel, polytheistic, oppressive, immoral, and false tribes and societies, and from another point of view, tradition can be referred to "the rules that exist in divine actions" or on " "the methods by which the Almighty God manages the affairs of the universe and man." The importance and necessity of discussing the divine traditions as social laws in the management of societies is that it will lead to the emergence of a monotheistic view of the world and its developments. On the other hand, the Qur'anic statements of Amir al-Mu'minin Ali (as) in Nahj al-Balaghah are an embodied model and can be followed in Islam. It can express and recount the clear examples of divine traditions that play an important role in guiding the Muslim man. Manuscript profile -
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56 - A Comparative View at the Fate of Muslims and Bani Israeil Based on the Verses of Surah Maedah
Amin FathiThe purpose of this article is to compare the duties and fate of Bani Israel and Muslims in relation to the apparent and inner "caliphate" and "inheritance", and to analyze it based on verses from Surah Maedah. The method of the article is descriptive-analytical with re MoreThe purpose of this article is to compare the duties and fate of Bani Israel and Muslims in relation to the apparent and inner "caliphate" and "inheritance", and to analyze it based on verses from Surah Maedah. The method of the article is descriptive-analytical with reflection on verses and narrations and citation of historical and interpretive data. The findings of the debate are that the covenant of God, which is guardianship and Imamate, i.e, the apparent and inner "caliphate" and "inheritance", is completed by the installation of the apparent caliphate. Pure human beings are the inheritors of these two caliphates, and sovereignty over the holy land is the manifestation and symbol of outward inheritance supported by the inner caliphate. The spiritual caliphate preserves the apparent and territorial caliphate. The Muslim nation like Bani Israel could not preserve the truth of Islam due to its distance from apparent and inner "caliphate", so now Jerusalem is out of the access of Muslims. Manuscript profile -
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57 - Divine Traditions in Al-Hadi's Economic Progress from the Perspective of the Holy Quran
Ensieh Kashani Mohammad Rakai Ali Asghar Hadavi NiaThe Qur'an explains two types of economic progress. The Qur'an explains the many material benefits with different interpretations (blessings of heaven and earth, streams and gardens, etc.) in accordance with the age of its revelation, which have a different nature for t MoreThe Qur'an explains two types of economic progress. The Qur'an explains the many material benefits with different interpretations (blessings of heaven and earth, streams and gardens, etc.) in accordance with the age of its revelation, which have a different nature for the two monotheistic and atheistic societies and the principles of their realization are also contradictory; Monotheistic progress is achieved for a united and believing society, and goodness and blessing is for them; But atheistic progress is made for the atheists and the disobedient, and the punishment is good in appearance. In this progress, God opens all the doors of material blessings on them and afflicts them with economic progress, and these benefits increase more and more day by day, but suddenly, he takes those blessings from them and suffers severe worldly and then hereafter torment. In this research article, we answer the question, what is the relationship between atheistic economic progress and divine traditions from the Qur'an's point of view? And those divine traditions that cause economic progress for atheists are examined. This research uses descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile -
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58 - اراده الهی از دیدگاه غزالی و ابو هاشم جبایی
seyed sajad sadatizadeh ali sabriKnowledge of God is done in different ways, the most important and most controversial way that theologians have explained and explained in the knowledge of God in the context of the discussion. The discussion was divine traits. By dividing the attributes of God into mor MoreKnowledge of God is done in different ways, the most important and most controversial way that theologians have explained and explained in the knowledge of God in the context of the discussion. The discussion was divine traits. By dividing the attributes of God into more firm and cumbersome or intrinsic and present controversies, there were more controversies. This paper seeks to study one of the most important attributes of God's will, namely, will, in the view of the two scholars of Shahir Ashaereh (Ghazali) and Mu'tazilie (Abu Hashem Jobaei), both of which agree on the fact that God has the will. On the other hand, Abu Hashem, unlike the other Mu'tazilies, and his father, with the choice of bounded theory, plotted the theory of the present on attributes, and believed that the will of God is a consequence, but not in place. Ghazali, one of the greatest Ash'aric theologians who took positions against various groups, including the Mu'tazilies, voted for the will of the Divine Will to be old. Manuscript profile -
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59 - The Dynamism of the Rule of Obligation in The Holy Verses and Traditions
Farrokh Mohseni Alireza LotfiIslam, which is a divine religion, has provided comprehensive views not only in the areas of human belief, thought and attitude, but also in practical areas, there are also guidelines and should not be based on rational foundations, which are examples of This can be ref MoreIslam, which is a divine religion, has provided comprehensive views not only in the areas of human belief, thought and attitude, but also in practical areas, there are also guidelines and should not be based on rational foundations, which are examples of This can be referred to as the rule of law. The principle that is referred to as the coexistence of jurisprudence is mentioned. The results of the research show that, based on this rule, every religion is bound by the same laws and laws that it itself believes in. This is the same meaning of the Hadith that is embodied in most of the sources mainly to prove this rule to this noble Hadith ''Their remembrance if what they have comitted themselves'' But in this article, by referring to the interpretations of the Qur'an and jurisprudential books, we have tried to cite the proofs of this rule in addition to mentioning authentic narratives to some of the Quranic words. Because if it is proved, the rule of law in Imamieh jurisprudence will be of special status. Manuscript profile -
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60 - The Political Necessities of Unity of God Based on Ayatolah JavadiAmoli’s Viewpoints
Gholamreza Behrouzilak Hemmat Badrabadi Mohammad Hassan FallahModavariUnity of God is one of the most central belief issues in Islam. This issue in Islam is believed to contribute to the culmination of individuals a MoreUnity of God is one of the most central belief issues in Islam. This issue in Islam is believed to contribute to the culmination of individuals and the society; so that all the Islamic regulations and the human relations in the social life, such as the cultural and educational relations, commercial and economic contributions, and political and military contracts, are designed based on the principle of the unity of God. Therefore, one of the important issues for the political thinkers has been the way the unity of God influences the politics. To this end, the present article tries to find out what obligations are brought about in the realm of the Islamic politics by the unity of the Divine Essence and the Unity of Divine Acts. The findings reveal that the pluralities within the society and the political system and the position of the power in politics rely upon the Unity of the Divine Essence, which results in a kind of solidarity in the whole system and joins all the components of the ruling system together, and besides a Unitarian view it justifies the pluralism in the political system along its oneness. Furthermore based on the Unity of the Divine Acts, the origin of governance is the authority of God; the prophets, the imams and their deputies are the ones who have the authority of ruling, respectively. Therefore, the legitimacy of the power relies on the Divine permission, and even if it is assumed that the human intellect can come up with a perfect political system, acting in accordance with the necessities of that system somehow requires a manipulation in the power of the Most High God. Manuscript profile -
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61 - Application of Magnetic Polymer Particles Modified with β–Cyclodextrin for Adsorption of Bovine Serum Albumin
Mahshid Nikpour Nezhati Habibollah Baharvand Zahra Ghorbani -
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62 - Tourism in the Perspective of Islam and Promotion of the Religious and Pilgrimage Tourism
Nasrollah Fallahtabar -
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63 - A Reflection of Allegorical and Verbal Names of God in Attar’s Woks
M. Mostafavi A. M. MoazeniReflection of the allegorical and verbal names for Allah in the works of Sheikh Farid al-Din Attar Neishabouri, especially in his Masnavi collection of poems, is of great importance and value. In order to find out how the names for Allah is used in the works of this mys MoreReflection of the allegorical and verbal names for Allah in the works of Sheikh Farid al-Din Attar Neishabouri, especially in his Masnavi collection of poems, is of great importance and value. In order to find out how the names for Allah is used in the works of this mystic poet, it is necessary to be aware of his opinion about His names and attributes. This paper firstly specifies Attar’s ideas in this regard, and then according to research data concludes that he doesn’t consider His names to be confined to what He has given to Himself in the Devine Book of Quran. Then it studies the way some of His names have been reflected verbally, realistically and allegorically, giving examples from his works and considering their different aspects of form and concept. Careful study of allegorical and symbolic stories of Attar makes it clear that his spiritual disposition is "pantheism" and, therefore, full compliance and real unity between the Divine Names and Attributions is evident in his works. This feature makes works of Attar a collection of the Divine Names that often are expressed with short allegories and mystically. Manuscript profile -
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64 - Application of the symbol and parable in the poem of Atar Nishapur
Jafar Havasi Seyed Ahmad Hosseini Kazerooni Farzana Yousef ganbariAttar Neishaburi, the great poet and great mystic of the sixth and seventh centuries, offers the meanings and themes of the highest mysticism in the best form in the form of symbolism and allegory. In his four well-known works (mantegh al-Tayer, mosibat nameh and elahi MoreAttar Neishaburi, the great poet and great mystic of the sixth and seventh centuries, offers the meanings and themes of the highest mysticism in the best form in the form of symbolism and allegory. In his four well-known works (mantegh al-Tayer, mosibat nameh and elahi nameh and asrar nameh), he has set the cipher and symbol of his stories. The actors of his scenes are symbolic and allegorical that bestowed the poet's ultimate goal. The allegories used in the writings of Attar are the reporter of his feelings and experiences. He misses the bitterness of the bitterness of the bitter and indirect expression of his real goals. In this article, the writers have devised a descriptive analysis of the symbols and parables used in the poet's poetry for the necessity of research, focusing on four works of Attar. Manuscript profile -
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65 - The investigation of Molavi Kurd’s ideas on compulsion and free choice
jalal ahmadiSayyed Abdorrahim Molavi( 1806-1882 A.D) is one of the greatest kurd mystics and scholars in the nineteenth century A.D. He not only is a mystic and scholar but also is a skilful and capable poet of Persian, Arabic, Surani and Orami kurdish languages. According to the w MoreSayyed Abdorrahim Molavi( 1806-1882 A.D) is one of the greatest kurd mystics and scholars in the nineteenth century A.D. He not only is a mystic and scholar but also is a skilful and capable poet of Persian, Arabic, Surani and Orami kurdish languages. According to the works left by him, Molavi is not only outstanding in commentary, Hadith, poem and writing, but also he fairly can be one of prominent theologians. There are three works as Fawaeh in Persian, Alfazila in Arabic and Aghida Almarziyh in surani Kurdish which have interpreted and explained the theologian analytics in verse in most precise and delicate manner. The writer in this essay tends to deal with one of the most tumultuous topics of discourse from Molavi’s point of view. While many researches have been done about compulsion and free choice with different ideas, it seems that all differ with that of Molavi’s. So the conclusion of this research which has been done analytically is that according to the definition of the divine decree from Molavi’s point of view, man is completely free to do what brings forth divine reward or punishment to him. Manuscript profile -
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66 - Ghazali and Virtue Ethics
سیدهاشم گلستانی علیرضا یوسفی فیروز رضائیانAlthough Aristotle is a compiler of virtue ethics, his statement is not the only one in ethics history. Pure- plural, religious- secular, extreme or non-extreme and historical statements are among those that have unity in terms of considering virtue as a basis. The aim MoreAlthough Aristotle is a compiler of virtue ethics, his statement is not the only one in ethics history. Pure- plural, religious- secular, extreme or non-extreme and historical statements are among those that have unity in terms of considering virtue as a basis. The aim of this article while presenting Ghazali,s ethical theory as a religious statement from virtue ethics, is to pay attention to revision that he has made from the viewpoint of religion in its various principles. The whole of the review indicates that, his ethics is virtue ethics, but it is perfect. The Research method is to be Descriptive- analytical. he is going to add some religious factors, such as, grasping at divine assistance in observance of the average, interpretation of happiness as an ultimate one, considering the divine law and wisdom as a moderation criterion as well as putting emphasis on religious and mystical virtues like resignation, patience, and deep affection for God,… and make it more perfect and compatible with religious ethics, according to which the compatibility of virtue ethics and religious ethics can be acknowledged. Manuscript profile -
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67 - Evaluation dietary effect of Apple cider vinegar on histology of the hepatopancreas and intestinal microbiota of the Litopenaeus vannamei
szjad pourmozaffar Abdolmajid Hajimoradlo Hamed Kolangi MiandareInroduction & ObjectiveOrganic acids product such as Apple cider vinegar usually alter or reduce bacteria within the gastrointestinal tract and decrease pH in the intestinal tract, thus inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria the host animal. The objectives of this study MoreInroduction & ObjectiveOrganic acids product such as Apple cider vinegar usually alter or reduce bacteria within the gastrointestinal tract and decrease pH in the intestinal tract, thus inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria the host animal. The objectives of this study, was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of Apple cider vinegar on total hemocyte count, histology of the hepatopancreas and intestinal microbiota of the Litopenaeus vannameiMaterials and Methods:In this study two hundred twenty-five Litopenaeus vannamei with an average initial weight of 10.2 ± 0.04 g, that they were fed diets supplemented with different levels of a Apple cider vingar after 60 days. Treatments included levels of 0, 2% and 4% Apple cider vinegar diets. Shrimp were randomly sampled at the end of the experiment. The hemolymph was withdrawn from abdominal segments of samples for measuring total hemocyte count. The number of the B-cells and R-cells, as well as tubule diameter were quantified for histological examination. Also, the gut microbial fora count (log CFU g¹) was determined using nutrient agar medium plus salt.ResultsThe results indicated that, shrimp fed Apple cider vinegar diets had significantly higher total hemocyte count (p 0.05), whereas the number of the resorptive cells significantly decreased in shrimp fed a diet containing Apple cider vinegar and a dramatic decrease was observed in 2% Apple cider vinegar treatment (p Conclusion: This study was the first reported data on the use of dietary Apple cider vinegar in aquatic animal. These findings indicate that the Apple cider vinegar was introducing suitable organic acid alternative and also it has the greatest potential for use as a diet supplement for L. vannamei Manuscript profile -
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68 - Characteristics of Worship in Theosophical Conducts of Rabeah Adawiyyah
Masood Haji Rabi Zahra ShirdeliThe present research investigates “the effect of worship conducts of Rābia al-Adawiyya on her theosophical aspects”. There have been many talks regarding this dame’s asceticism and divine love as well as her greatness. However, theosophical resources have not mentioned MoreThe present research investigates “the effect of worship conducts of Rābia al-Adawiyya on her theosophical aspects”. There have been many talks regarding this dame’s asceticism and divine love as well as her greatness. However, theosophical resources have not mentioned the strategic role of worshiping her theosophical conducts so much; and investigating most of the articles and theses, we found that researchers have not paid so much attention to this point. Therefore, our objective in the present research is to investigate the devotional discussions of Rābia’s life stage by stage to conclude that Rābia’s religious conduct is the preface and reinforcing of her theosophical conduct. During this cognitive journey, after the stage of perdition, Rābia’s passion and effort for asceticism and worship was increased and fusion of love and servitude reached its topmost extent. Also, the importance of Rābia’s responsibility in introducing the reality of servitude to people and establishing a theosophical movement based on divine love, is among the innovative results of this research. Manuscript profile -
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69 - A critique Of Avicennas Account Of Mystical Precept
Monireh Seyed MazhariAvicenna, can be regarded as the most prominent of Islamic philosophers. Despite the fact that he lived in the medieval era, he did not follow the medieval line of thought. He was rather like Renaissance thinkers in opposing any sort of narrow-minded dogmatism and blind MoreAvicenna, can be regarded as the most prominent of Islamic philosophers. Despite the fact that he lived in the medieval era, he did not follow the medieval line of thought. He was rather like Renaissance thinkers in opposing any sort of narrow-minded dogmatism and blind imitation of the ancients as well as in relying on reason and experiment as the only touchstone of truth and never rejected a belief before he found conclusive evidence in its refutation and meanwhile regarded it as possible. That is why he considered the intuitive findings of mystics and the miracles of saints as logically possible and in some of his works sought to provide philosophical justifications for them. However drawing on evidence from Avicenna's life, we will to show that he never set foot on the path of mystic quest and neither did he adopt a Sufi's life style. Manuscript profile -
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70 - Ontology and its derivatives In the view Of two dynasties kobravieyyeh and sohravardieyyeh
Fatemeh ShekhlovandExistences and its related topics in the Islamic Gnosticism have special importance. In this case, scholars and grandees of these series have presented the outstanding theories. In this paper, existence and its derivatives such as divine names and traits, expression and MoreExistences and its related topics in the Islamic Gnosticism have special importance. In this case, scholars and grandees of these series have presented the outstanding theories. In this paper, existence and its derivatives such as divine names and traits, expression and manifestation have discussed by these dynasties. So, we try to point out theories of their scholars about Gnostic doctrine and the present differences and similarities in their views. Some Of them emphasize on the relationship between exitstence with Universe and human beings that the real existence belongs to god and other creatures are his manifestations. For instance, Saadaddin Hamoyyeh, Azizaddin Nasafi, repeatedly say that Allah is the existence of the posing nothingness, and all creatures are the nothingness of the posing existence. Manuscript profile -
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71 - Comparative Study Of Divine Message in Islamic and Christian Mysticism
Fatemeh AbbassiThe secret why God has named the prophets, spirits, and creatures as ‘Kalameh’ depends on understanding the how of making the material with, in, and from the existence is related. God has called the creative impact as ‘word’ so that He states that “my words to whatever MoreThe secret why God has named the prophets, spirits, and creatures as ‘Kalameh’ depends on understanding the how of making the material with, in, and from the existence is related. God has called the creative impact as ‘word’ so that He states that “my words to whatever I desire are that if I say ‘be’ it will be created instantly”. Then, if there is something intermediary between the subjective act of God and the creature happening it is just word. But if the action of God is His nature so that there is nothing in between His nature and the object, the action is called ‘Kalam’ and the one created out of this action is called ‘Kalameh’. That is why creatures are called ‘Kalamat’ , thus they are create out of the creation word of ‘be’. In the holy Koran too there is an indication of God’s word and the Jesus. If it is true that the words made by human beings are those from his soul then one can say that the existing words are the outward manifestation of the compassionate spirit. In a sense that, the compassionate God makes words and the overall universe come to existence. Manuscript profile -
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72 - Jami, Divine Love and Spiritual Wine
Mahboubeh MoslemizadehLove is the most important theme which has entered into the mystical poetry from the early poems and with an unusual concept, became one of the most significant terms. Along with this word, many other words relevant to it – by which the beloved is described – and also s MoreLove is the most important theme which has entered into the mystical poetry from the early poems and with an unusual concept, became one of the most significant terms. Along with this word, many other words relevant to it – by which the beloved is described – and also such words as wine, pot-house, etc. with the metaphorical and figurative meaning entered into the mystical poetry. The comparison of Love and Wine is the first phase of formation of the mystical meaning of wine, and this comparison motivated such poets as 'Abd- al Rahman Jami to apply "wine" for the expression of themes like cosmic and eternal love. Many treaties and papers are written on the theme of Love and its phases and also about the viewpoints of the poets of different eras, but because the image of spiritual wine in Jami's works is not so much noticed, this article is to review this theme depend on his Divan, Ashe'at al- Lama'at, Lawame' and Lawayeh. The words related to the above mentioned theme in Jami's Ghazals and his other works are excellently and wonderfully applied and indicate his perception of mystical and divine love Manuscript profile -
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73 - Sohrevardi and his Proceeding Intellects
محمّد بقائی ماکانComparative studies to identify minds and thinking bases are of prime position. Sohrevardi s beliefs emerges in the comparison. One of the achievements of Illumination philosophy is that it depicts lost identities and refrains from self-arousal. Out of those scholars de MoreComparative studies to identify minds and thinking bases are of prime position. Sohrevardi s beliefs emerges in the comparison. One of the achievements of Illumination philosophy is that it depicts lost identities and refrains from self-arousal. Out of those scholars devoted to Illumination Sheikh are Qotboddin Shirazi, Jalaleddin Davani, Mirdamad Asterabadi, followers of Azar Kyevan, Haj Molla Hadi Sabzevari, and others whose works if studied make the reader get closer to Sohrevardis beliefs. The same is true with comparing Sohrevardi with Hege. Niche, and other Western philosophers, showing the existing the existing similarities available. Just like the book titled Journey to East by Herman Hesse that is of great simillarity with Secret Treatises of Illumination Sheikh. Manuscript profile -
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74 - Hafiz Rajab Borsi’s Point of View about the Perfect Human from the Perspective of Islamic Mysticism
Hossein Tahmasb Kazemi, Hasan Saeidi hasan saeidiThe discussion of the Perfect Human is one of the most important topics in the field of Islamic mysticism, which has been discussed and studied from different views. But "Hafiz Rajab Borsi", who is a Shia and his wisdom is not clear enough, has also addressed the issue MoreThe discussion of the Perfect Human is one of the most important topics in the field of Islamic mysticism, which has been discussed and studied from different views. But "Hafiz Rajab Borsi", who is a Shia and his wisdom is not clear enough, has also addressed the issue of the Perfect Human. Some scholars have accused him of exaggeration, it is a problem that the writer has investigated with a library and analytical method, and it can be said that the investigation of the ratio of his view on the Perfect Human with the mystical view and the reference of his view and inspiration from religious sources It has not been investigated yet. In the process of research, we have come to the conclusion that he has a mystical attitude and by referring to the religious texts and sources that are glorified by the mystical authorities of the Innocents (a.s.), especially the Amirul Momineen (a.s.) in his works, especially in his book Mashariq Al-Anwar Fi Haghayigh Amir al-Mu'minin (a.s.) and his point of view in this regard is compatible with the point of view of mystics and religious sources. Inspired by religious texts, Rajab Borsi considers the Perfect Human to have all levels of divine manifestations, Allah’s omnipresence, the great name of Allah, the perfect word of Allah, the absolute caliph of Allah, Allah’s Hand, Allah’s eye, Allah’s language, etc. and it deals in detail with the manifestation of the divine names and attributes of the perfect human being Manuscript profile -
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75 - Secret Heavenly Prayers in Alexander Pushkin's Poems
Marzieh Yahyapour Janolah Karimi Motahhar Maltseva Tatiana Vladimirovna Masoumeh MirzaieThe article first makes a brief reference to the origin of prayer that is influenced by individual and social beliefs, and then goes into the literary works and how they are expressed by Persian and Russian writers and poets. Prayer literary works are often influenced b MoreThe article first makes a brief reference to the origin of prayer that is influenced by individual and social beliefs, and then goes into the literary works and how they are expressed by Persian and Russian writers and poets. Prayer literary works are often influenced by the beliefs of writers and poets. There is a lot of information about prayer in ancient and contemporary literary texts. Prayer has many forms, and in prose and poetry literature, it often carries the message of theology and human connection with the divine realm, and in fact the writer and poet are left with a God. Many writers and poets from Iran and Russia have addressed this issue in their works, such as Rumi, Saadi, Hafez, Farabi, Attar, Pushkin, Lermontov, Bonin, and others. Some are based on the themes of the religious texts or under the influence of the wonders of the universe. Persian worship literature begins with the praise of God, such as Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, Sa'adi’s Golestan and Bustan and Attar's Poetry Divan. Various centuries of Russian literature have also seen works of worship in various forms. The present study deals with the case of the prayer in Alexander Pushkin's poetry, which is influenced by his religious beliefs. Prayer in Pushkin's poetry is in the form of literal praise or praise to God and seeking blessings. His prayers for God, his neighbor, are the duty of poet and poetry. The spiritual peak of Pushkin's poetry is the emergence of the "Divine Verb". He leaves the material world with art and with the help of religious anthropology and then moves on to the supernatural world. Manuscript profile -
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76 - The Analysis of Tajalli (Epiphany) in Divan-e Shams
azim hamzeian Tannaz Rashidi NasabTajalli (Epiphany) of God in the universe is one of the most notable intellectual foundations of Sufism. The Gnostics believed that the universe is an epiphany of God's names and attributes and the most important of them is the “Perfect Man” that is the most MoreTajalli (Epiphany) of God in the universe is one of the most notable intellectual foundations of Sufism. The Gnostics believed that the universe is an epiphany of God's names and attributes and the most important of them is the “Perfect Man” that is the most perfect tajalli in the universe. Rumi is known as one of the greatest mystics of the Sufi history.. Rumi, has introduced the most complete emergence of perfect human in Sufism – in the most of his poems – Shams -e Tabrizi, so in this work, he has been praised Shams. This study is to expression and show the Rumi explores ideas about the that in fact, with his mystical view about emergence of the names and attributes of God with descriptive and analytical method in Divan-e-Shams, according to Supererogatory proximity hadiths and duties, the great epiphany of God, has been discussed at the ultimate unity. Manuscript profile -
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77 - The Relation between Fixed Entities and the Immortality of Moral Values in Ibn Arabi's Philosophy of Ethics
Nasim Hojjati Inshaallah Rahmati Parviz Abbasi DakaniMorality and moral values are fundamental aspects in life and belief in the absoluteness and stability of moral values has direct and indirect effects on the major issues of human life, especially in modern societies. One of the beliefs about moral absolutists is the ob MoreMorality and moral values are fundamental aspects in life and belief in the absoluteness and stability of moral values has direct and indirect effects on the major issues of human life, especially in modern societies. One of the beliefs about moral absolutists is the objectivity of moral values, according to which the origin and standard of morality are derived from objective, fixed and real truths. This article is dedicated to examining the views of Muhyi-Al-Din Ibn Arabi, the Andalusian muslim mystic and philosopher, in this regard. Therefore, according to Ibn Arabi's theory of divine names and fixed entities, the objectivity of moral values and their immortality and eternity is a fixed and certain thing. According to Ibn Arabi, there is no existence other than God and creation was and will be nothing but the appearance of His names and attributes. According to the theory of divine names and fixed entities, moral virtues and values are nothing but the names and attributes of God, which were manifested by divine holy grace in the fixed entities and in man, which is the place of comprehensive manifestation of divine names, and in the form of morality are emerging. Moral values, attributes and deeds are nothing but the appearance of the names of God and their fixed entities. Manuscript profile -
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78 - Exploring the Illuminated Wisdom in Yusuf Chapter in Respect to the World of Imagination as Viewed by Ibn Arabi
Somayeh Saffari Ahmadabad Ismail BaniArdalan Iraj Dadashi Mohammad Reza SharifzadehIn Ibn Arabi’s mind, light, as one of the many names of the God, contributes to the manifestation of the objects and creatures in the domain of the various presence statuses of the world through emitting and beaming its radiations into the levels of existence. And MoreIn Ibn Arabi’s mind, light, as one of the many names of the God, contributes to the manifestation of the objects and creatures in the domain of the various presence statuses of the world through emitting and beaming its radiations into the levels of existence. And, in line with this, every creature experiences a quality of existence according to the principle of the God’s existential manifestation in names and attributes based on its existential rank in the position of a shadow of this light in respect to the owner of the shadow and it can be perceived by means of the illuminated wisdom and gaining knowledge over the forms of the imagination.The final result was that the same way that the human imagination needs interpretation as isthmus between the worlds of soul and body, the disconnected imagination is also in need of interpretation in its isthmus rank between the divine and corporeal worlds as the place wherein the ethereal spirits and the soft bodies of the world of matter gather around; in parallel, the domain of the existence in the rank of absolute imagination and multiplicity of the shadows of the God need interpretation towards the unity of the essence. The knowledge over this method of approach towards the existence can be only acquired through illuminated wisdom that, as believed by Ibn Arabi, its perfect form has been entrusted in His Highness the Great Apostle of Islam (may Allah bestow him and his scared progeny the best of His regards) in His Highness’s rank of Yusuf. The present study’s method in this study is descriptive-analytical. The data collection instrument includes library research. Manuscript profile -
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79 - The Relationship between God and Man in Ibn 'Arabi's School
Amir hossin Abdollahi Mohammad Ali Abbassian Chaleshtori Reza Rasouli Sharabiani Abdolreza SafariIn Ibn 'Arabi's view, the relationship of the Supreme God with man is not based on Divine essence (divine unity), because it is required that God's essence be one, and it cannot be summed up by relation, connection and duality. Therefore, God's essence is superior to th MoreIn Ibn 'Arabi's view, the relationship of the Supreme God with man is not based on Divine essence (divine unity), because it is required that God's essence be one, and it cannot be summed up by relation, connection and duality. Therefore, God's essence is superior to that of establishing a relationship with man. On the other hand, man cannot communicate with the God's essence; because, first, communication is posterior to knowledge; secondly, man is incapable of knowing his own substance of essence and self; thirdly: the essence of self has a tendency to return to God's essence; thus, man's essential connection with God is impossible. However, the inner knowledge of the soul in divine names and qualities is possible, and this makes it possible to establish a nominal connection with the supreme truth. In fact, the existential philosophy of human creation is the nominal interaction of God with man. Also, these are those divine names that call for effects in the universe and the universe needs them to survive, and man, as the vicegerent of God, has a mission to manifest them on the earth, according to his freedom and authority. In Ibn Arabi's view, the nominally mutual relationship between man and God is inward and it consists of two kinds of "mutual resemblance" and "identical" relationships. The mutual resemblance relationship is considered for the general human being, and the identical relationship is considered for God's saints and perfect men. This identical relationship can reach to the point where God has become closer to the human being than his own perfect human self, and ultimately leads to the nominal monotheism and the nominal identical relationship between the perfect man and God Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Names and Attributes with an Approach to the Works of Mojtahed Amin Esfahani
Zahra KashanihaOne of the significant issues that has been mentioned both in the Qur'an and by mystics is the names of God. Hakim Nosrat Amin Esfahani; Contemporary commentator and mujtahid; In his weighty book and behavior and also in the precious interpretation of the reservoir of m MoreOne of the significant issues that has been mentioned both in the Qur'an and by mystics is the names of God. Hakim Nosrat Amin Esfahani; Contemporary commentator and mujtahid; In his weighty book and behavior and also in the precious interpretation of the reservoir of mysticism, he has dedicated several pages to the names, divine beauty and supreme attributes of the Almighty, which have been studied in this article. In the Holy Qur'an, it is recommended to recite the divine names, and the Lord of remembrance and the companions of monotheism, recite God Almighty in His names and attributes, and in this way take steps in the stages of conduct. There is no doubt that the remembrance of God through names and attributes is a virtue and can bring man closer to God. There are four verses in the Holy Quran that mention the names of divine beauty and are verses that only mention the names; It has been said. In this article, which is documented by the method of content analysis, first these sublime names from the book of Lady Amin are discussed and then the opinions of some mystics, philosophers and commentators in this regard are expressed and in this regard three important questions: The purpose of counting What are the names in the hadith of the Holy Prophet (PBUH)? How does the counting of names cause one to enter Paradise? How can one be created according to the morality of God?, has been researched Manuscript profile -
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81 - Emergence of Spirituality and Mysticism in Shurideh Shirazi's Poetry
Shirin BaghaiFasih al-Mulk, Shourideh Shirazi (died 1345 AH) has been called the last poet of the literary return style, who is considered one of the bright-hearted geniuses in Persian literature, the turbulent period of his life at the end of the Qajar era and the beginning of the MoreFasih al-Mulk, Shourideh Shirazi (died 1345 AH) has been called the last poet of the literary return style, who is considered one of the bright-hearted geniuses in Persian literature, the turbulent period of his life at the end of the Qajar era and the beginning of the Pahlavi era and the events of the constitutional revolution, his poetry has a high And it makes descents that show tendencies towards spirituality and mysticism. In this article, with the analytical method and referring to the first-hand sources and poet's poems, hymns that were related to spirituality and mysticism have been analyzed, and divine love and desire for the unity of existence have been analyzed. And self-cultivation is followed in it until becoming a Perfect Human, and his Sufi poems about Imam Ali (a.s.) are especially impressive, which are completed with devotion to Imam Hussain (a.s.) and Imam Reza (a.s.) and make these imams as Perfect human. draws and it is This poet had spiritual and mystical tendencies and this tendency increased during his maturity and the last decades of his life. He puts spiritual principles at the head of his teachings in most of his poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - An Account of Hierarchy and Realms of Existence from Allameh Tababaei’s Point of View Based on his Philosophical, Koranic, and Mystical Comments
Leila Afsari seid sadraddin tahery Abdolah SalavatiThis paper endeavors to study over the standpoint of Allameh Tababaei as a theologian, great commentator, well-aware of the expanse of Islamic mystical thoughts and fundamentals in terms of the hierarchy and realms of existence, and their relationship with divine names MoreThis paper endeavors to study over the standpoint of Allameh Tababaei as a theologian, great commentator, well-aware of the expanse of Islamic mystical thoughts and fundamentals in terms of the hierarchy and realms of existence, and their relationship with divine names and attributes and the universe and the world of revelation and creation, and deliberates on his philosophical, Koranic, and mystical beliefs. What stems from the study of Allameh Tabatabaei’s works is that while making a classifications of the hierarchy of world, he had held three viewpoints, namely philosophical, Koranic, and mystical so that he had three separate classifications due to them. In his philosophical works he points to three realms of wisdom, imagination, and matter and materials, and also in Tafsir Almizan that is interpreted verse by verse, the creatures and realms of existence are classified into the world of revelation and world of creation. However, in his views based on mystical trainings, he has argued over a world that is hierarchically superior to the entire philosophical realms, i.e. the realm of divine names and attributes. Therefore, the writer tries to recognize the consistency or inconsistency of the three viewpoints in addition to the precise description of the perspectives, and compare and study over his Koranic and mystical viewpoints with his philosophical ones. The methods used in this paper are descriptive-analytical together with the reference made to the first hand and library sources. Manuscript profile -
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83 - Relationship between Prayer and Status of Satisfaction in Islamic Mysticism
Mohsen Mehrani Monirossadat PourtolamiPraying and expressing mystery and need with God are among the emphatic religious and mystical teachings. On the other hand, one of the mystical levels and authorities is the position of Reza, that is, the seeker must have complete satisfaction with the divine destiny a MorePraying and expressing mystery and need with God are among the emphatic religious and mystical teachings. On the other hand, one of the mystical levels and authorities is the position of Reza, that is, the seeker must have complete satisfaction with the divine destiny and be always satisfied with the satisfaction of the truth. The question is whether there is a contradiction between praying and the status of satisfaction. In this research, there are a few things that have been indicated on the necessity of prayer and supplication from the Holy Quran and the hadiths of the Infallibles (AS) and the words of the saints of God, and it has been stated that prayer is the brain of worship, prayer is the weapon of the believer and There are those who do not succeed in praying. The great Islamic mystics also say about Reza that the seeker should not be sad about what he lost and should not be happy about what he achieves, and he should be satisfied with the judgment of truth and be sure that God has the best destinies for him in mind. Has taken and all things are based on divine wisdom, so do not object to the divine judgment and be thankful. From the analysis of these two seemingly reciprocal matters based on the Qur'an and mysticism, it has been concluded that the seeker can start praying while he must be satisfied with the divine judgment. He considers praying as a divine command, a means of talking to God and his duty, and on the other hand, he is completely satisfied with everything that is intended for man in fate and destiny, and he likes whatever God has pleased for him. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Comparing the Perfect Man in Imam Khomeini’s and Shāh Ni’matullāh-e-Vali’s Viewpoint
Darush Zahedimoghaddam alireza fahim Mohsen Fahim Khalil Bahrami GhasrchamiHaving always been asked of human beings, the three main questions are the question of God, human, and existence. In the meantime, taking care of human beings, and being aware of them is very important. To the extent that the call to know the man as a complex creature h MoreHaving always been asked of human beings, the three main questions are the question of God, human, and existence. In the meantime, taking care of human beings, and being aware of them is very important. To the extent that the call to know the man as a complex creature has been one of the main teachings of many philosophical, mystical, and religious schools. In our religious teachings, human cognition is considered to be the most useful cognition. Anthropology is one of the most important divine and human sciences that has a great impact in the field of human and religious education and is significant. Anthropology has philosophical, religious, scientific, mystical, and moral types. Mystical anthropology is the acquisition of knowledge about human truth through inner experiences in which human beings are studied and discussed through intuition and face-to-face knowledge. This type of anthropology introduces the perfect man and also discusses how a man achieves perfection and uses a mystical path to discover knowledge about man and his position and status in the system of existence. The history of anthropology from the point of view of heavenly laws such as Islam dates back to the beginning of human creation. From the very beginning of creation, man has been tasked with knowing his truth, his capacities, his abilities, and his happiness and perfection. The reason for all this attention to human knowledge is that according to Islam, man has been chosen as the caliph and successor of God on earth. Manuscript profile -
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85 - Studying the "evil" in Sanaei's Hadiqat Al- Haqiqa
Fatemeh Daneshvar Jamal Ahmadi Sadegh Zamani Sharareh ElhamiThe existence of evil has been a problem for worshipers for centuries. It seems difficult to believe that the world, with its large number of evil creatures and under the absolute control of the supreme good, the omnipotent, the omniscient. The importance of the worldvi MoreThe existence of evil has been a problem for worshipers for centuries. It seems difficult to believe that the world, with its large number of evil creatures and under the absolute control of the supreme good, the omnipotent, the omniscient. The importance of the worldview regarding evil is such that it is seen as one of the most important and prominent themes, not only in theological, philosophical and theological texts, but also in literary texts. In this article, after brief references to the answers given to the problem of evil, the authors deal with the examples of the problem of evil in Sanae'i Hadiqat Al- Haqiqa by descriptive-analytical method. Hakim Sanaei is a follower of Ash'ari-Maturidi in terms of doctrinal and theological principles and has thought about it in this field of thought. The conclusion obtained from this research indicates that Sanaei agrees with the divine sages on the issue of evil and rejects evil in general. According to his system of thought, the divine will is pure good, and this principle is one of the most basic foundations of his worldview, and he has spoken about it in different interpretations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Mystical Themes in Divan Fāni Khoei
Katayoun moradiFāni Khoei (deceased 1846) is a mystical poet and a comprehensive sage who shows in his written works, especially in his poems, that mystical themes have been his constant preoccupation. For this reason, he gives importance to precise points in theoretical and practical MoreFāni Khoei (deceased 1846) is a mystical poet and a comprehensive sage who shows in his written works, especially in his poems, that mystical themes have been his constant preoccupation. For this reason, he gives importance to precise points in theoretical and practical mysticism and defends the theory of the unity of existence with different expressions more than any other concept. Then, following the Khorasani and Iraqi style, and following Sana'i, Attar, and Molavi, he performs art in the field of divine love. It also follows the Sufi path by fighting against the ego and pluralistic thought and he looks at Imam Ali (a.s.) from a mystical point of view and gives more importance to poverty as well as death and survival in mystical authorities. It clearly expresses its dependence on Shiite mysticism and draws the philosophy of human life in love for the eternal beloved. For this reason, this wise poet can be considered one of the great Shiite mystics in Persian literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Seasonal abundance of Planococcus ficus (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae) in Jahrom vineyards, Fars Province-Iran
Majid Fallahzadeh Nazila Saghaei Hadi OstovanThe vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Signoret) has been found in most grape-production areas throughout the world. The damage of the pest has increased on grape in some parts of Fars province-Iran during recent years. Some ecological aspects of vine mealybug were studi MoreThe vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Signoret) has been found in most grape-production areas throughout the world. The damage of the pest has increased on grape in some parts of Fars province-Iran during recent years. Some ecological aspects of vine mealybug were studied in vineyards in Jahrom during 2008-2009. Seasonal abundance of vine mealybugwas monitored by time-consuming examination technique. In geographical condition of Jahrom vineyards P. ficus has 5 generations of seasonal abundance from April to November. After fifth generation all stages of P. ficus (female adult, nymphal instars and egg) overwintered on root from late November to next March. Population density of female adult and nymphal instars increased rapidly in May and has a great decline after harvest in August. Vine mealybugs were found in trunk in spring, leaves, buds and fruit in summer, however, the mealybugs always were found in protected locations (under the bark of the trunk). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Faunistic survey of Mite (Acari) associated with Grapevine yards in Safiabad, Khuzestan, Iran
I. Darvishzadeh K. KamaliDuring 1997-1998 a faunistic study was carried out on mites (Acari) associated with grapevine in Safiabad, Khuzestan, south Western province of Iran. A total 39 species belonging to 37 genera and 27 families were identified respectively. The new mite records in Iran ind MoreDuring 1997-1998 a faunistic study was carried out on mites (Acari) associated with grapevine in Safiabad, Khuzestan, south Western province of Iran. A total 39 species belonging to 37 genera and 27 families were identified respectively. The new mite records in Iran indicated by the asterisk. The most abundant predator, scavenger and pest mites were Androlaelaps casalis Berlese (Laelapidae), Oppia yodai Aoki (Oppiidae) and Tenuipalpus granati Sayed (Tenuipalpidae) in Dezful region. Among collected specimens, 12 species were new records for Iran. The newly recorded mites are listed as follows. Mesostigmata Laelapidae Pseudoparasitus holaspis* (Oudemans) Androlaelaps casalis (Berlese) Hypoaspis aculifera Ganestrini Ascidae Protogamasellus sp. Lasioseius matthyssei* Chant Lasioseius phytoseioides* Chant Gamasellodes bicolor (Berlese) Phytoseiidae Euseius obtectus* Khan, Chaudri & Tahir Proprioseiopsis sp. Anthoseius rhenanus (Oudemans) Amblyseius reductus* Wainstein Macrochelidae Macrocheles scutatus* (Berlese) Ameroseiidae Ameroseius pavidus* Koch Pachylaelapidae Pachylaelaps karawaiewi (Berlese) Trachyuropodidae Oplitis conspicua (Berlese) Uropodidae Uroobovella vinicolora (Vitzthum) Ologamasidae Gamasiphis hemicapillus* Karg Prostigmata Tenuipalpidae Tenuipalpus granati Sayed Tetranychidae Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein) Tetranychus turkestani Ugarov Anystidae Anystis baccarum L. Stigmaeidae Eustigmaeus spathatus Ueckermann & Smith-Meyer Tydeidae Tydeus sp. Cheyletidae Eutogenes africannus* Wafa & Soliman Hemicheyletia bakeri (Ehara) Bdellidae Neomolgus sp. Cunaxidae Cunaxa sp. Smarididae Fessonia paillosa Berlese Raphignathidae Raphignathus gracilis (Rack) Erythraeidae Abrolophus sp. Tarsonemidae Tarsonemus sp. Pygmephoridae Pygmephorus sp. Camerobiidae Neophyllobius sp. Scutacaridae Scutacarus fragariae Rack Astigmata Acaridae Tyrophagus putrescentiae Schrank Rhizoglyphus robini Claparede Oribatida Euphthiracaridae Rhysotritia clavatasexion* Lions Cosmochthoniidae Cosmochthonius asiaticus* Gordeeva Oppiidae Oppia yodai* Aoki Manuscript profile -
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89 - Study on the efficacy of different control methods of vine cicada, Psalmocharias alhageos (Hem., Cicadidae) in Qom province
H. Valizadeh H. FarazmandVine cicada, Psalmocharias alhageos (Hem., Cicadidae), is one of the period important pests of vine trees in Iran. Main damage of P. alhageos is caused by long feeding period of nymphs on the vine roots and laying eggs of females under the bark of the shoots. The adults MoreVine cicada, Psalmocharias alhageos (Hem., Cicadidae), is one of the period important pests of vine trees in Iran. Main damage of P. alhageos is caused by long feeding period of nymphs on the vine roots and laying eggs of females under the bark of the shoots. The adults appear from mid May in Qom region. Three insecticides: Diazinon (10% granule), Carbaryl (Sevin® 85%) and Imidacloprid (Confidor® SC350) by soil application and gardening activities (pruning of top branches and shoveling of soil under vines) were compared. In this study The treatments were compared with the number of nymphal exuviae under vines and grape vine yield. The results showed that the maximum number of nymphal exuviae was recorded on the control treatment (14.2) and the minimum was on trees using the treatment of Imidacloprid (4.9). The highest and lowest of grape yield were recorded in Imidacloprid (54.1 kg) and control (15.7 kg) treatments, respectively. Based on treatments ranking, application of Imidacloprid (20 ml at each vine tree) at nymphs emergence time from soil was effective in decreasing of vine cicada damage and increasing of the grape vine yield. Manuscript profile -
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90 - Repellent effect of Coconut soap (Palizin) against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Lasioderma serricorne (F.) using three laboratory methods
R. SadeghiTo alleviate insect pest problems in storage, synthetic pesticides are recommended, but their use may create toxicity to non-target organisms, development of resistance and residues in treated products. Under such circumstances the need for research to find a safe, conv MoreTo alleviate insect pest problems in storage, synthetic pesticides are recommended, but their use may create toxicity to non-target organisms, development of resistance and residues in treated products. Under such circumstances the need for research to find a safe, convenient, durable and economically logical method is necessary. The application of repellents could be considered as a new control method in storage. In this study the repellency effect of Coconut soap (Palizin®) was assayed on Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Lasioderma serricorne (F.). Adults and larvae of T. castaneum and L. serricorne exposed to 0, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10% concentration of Coconut soap (Palizin®) (botanical compound) using three techniques such as: filter papers, Y- shape Busvine tube and leaky glass bioassays. In each of three methods, the maximum repellency effect of Coconut soap (Palizin®) was in concentration of 10%, and, the quantities were equal to 78.87, 74.27 and 56.93% for adults of T. castaneum and 72.70%, 85.86% and 45.60% for L. serricorne in Petri-dish, Y- shape Busvine tube and leaky glass techniques respectively. Manuscript profile -
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91 - Petrochemical Characteristics of Neogene and Quaternary Alkali Olivine Basalts from the Western Margin of the Lut Block, Eastern Iran
S. Saadat M. H. Karimpour Ch. SternThe Nayband strike-slip fault forms the western margin of the micro-continental Lut block in Eastern Iran. Neogene and Quaternary mafic volcanic rocks collected near Tabas, along the northern part of the fault (NNF; 15 Ma), and further to the south, along the middle par MoreThe Nayband strike-slip fault forms the western margin of the micro-continental Lut block in Eastern Iran. Neogene and Quaternary mafic volcanic rocks collected near Tabas, along the northern part of the fault (NNF; 15 Ma), and further to the south, along the middle part of the fault (MNF; 2 Ma), are within-plate sodic-series alkali olivine basalts with high TiO2 and up to >16% normative nepheline. Their high MgO, Ni and Cr contents indicate that they crystallized from relatively primitive magmas. Their low La/Nb and Ba/Nb ratios are similar to oceanic island basalts (OIB) and unlike convergent plate boundary arc basalts (IAB). These alkali olivine basalts show enrichment in LREE relative to HREE and limited variation in Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic values which all plot in the range of OIB. Ce/Pb (>39), Nb/U (44-120) and P2O5/K2O (~0.4) ratios suggest that crustal contamination was not significant for MNF basalts. The data may be interpreted as indicating the participation of upwelling mantle asthenosphere and the deeper continental mantle lithosphere in the generation of these basalts. They formed by generally low, but variable degrees of partial mantle melting, which decreased with time from 15 Ma NNF relative to2 Ma MNF basalts. The small volume of melts that formed the MNF basalts rose to the surface along the deep Nayband strike-slip fault with no interaction with the continental crust. The larger volume of NNF basalts interacted to some degree with the crust and are associated with basaltic andesites and andesites. Manuscript profile -
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92 - Study on the interaction between glutathione-capped gold nanoclusters (GSH-AuNCs) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) with spectroscopic technique
Zahra Shojaeifard Bahram HemmateenejadThe interactions of Gold nanoclusters capped with glutathione (GSH-AuNCs) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) have been studied by fluorescence spectroscopic technique at pH 7.4. The quenching constants and binding parameters (binding constants and number of binding sites) MoreThe interactions of Gold nanoclusters capped with glutathione (GSH-AuNCs) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) have been studied by fluorescence spectroscopic technique at pH 7.4. The quenching constants and binding parameters (binding constants and number of binding sites) were determined by fluorescence quenching method. The obtained results revealed the presence of a static type of quenching mechanism in the binding of GSH-AuNCs with BSA. Based on the thermodynamic parameters extracted from the fluorescence data, it was shown that binding of GSH-AuNCs to BSA was driven mainly by van der Waals and hydrogen bonding interactions. The displacement experiment shows that GSH-AuNCs can bind to the subdomain IIA (site I) of albumin. Manuscript profile -
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93 - Investigating the Historical Role of Militant Women in Establishing Divine Governance
Maliheh AsghariThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of militant women during the history of mankind for the establishment and stewardship of divine rule. The study population in the present study was the mujahid women in establishing the divine sovereignty in history. MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of militant women during the history of mankind for the establishment and stewardship of divine rule. The study population in the present study was the mujahid women in establishing the divine sovereignty in history. Some of the mujahid women who were martyred on this sacred route were sampled in the study. The present research was a descriptive study of historical analysis. The method of collecting data was a library information using historical sources. The study considered several era before Islam and the early Islamic era, the Karbala incident, the Islamic Revolution of Iran, the sacred defense, the present time and the Age of Advent. Finally, by presenting a practical model for the Muslim community, the role of women in various dimensions was discussed in order to fulfill the Islamic ideal and the foundation of the rule of Mahdavi's justice. The results showed that throughout human life, women have always been openly and secretly active to pursuit the victory of the right against falsehood and the establishment of divine sovereignty, and devoted with their lives, time, talents and their right oriented thinking. Many of them had been martyred. As the activities of the mojahed women have played an important role in shaping human history, the comparative study of the lifestyle of the mojahed women in this age could also respond to many of the current cultural challenges by providing operational models. Manuscript profile -
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94 - The relationship between God and man in the works of Jami
zahra ghezelsofla akbar shaebani mohammad fazeliGod, as the creator of man, has been in contact with him from the beginning of man's creation, and this relationship has expanded with the entry into the universe. The relationship between man and God and the mutual presence of this kind of relationship is one of the fu MoreGod, as the creator of man, has been in contact with him from the beginning of man's creation, and this relationship has expanded with the entry into the universe. The relationship between man and God and the mutual presence of this kind of relationship is one of the fundamental issues in the field of Islamic mysticism. Man, as the Ashraf of creatures, has a valuable position among all of God's creations, which has given God special attention and attention to this caliph. Most artists, especially Persian poets, have dedicated their work to the relationship between man and the absolute Creator. Jami is one of the most prominent figures in Persian literature who seeks to address all aspects of his personality, precision, study, and exuberance with sufficient mastery over certain sciences.The relationship between God and man is one of the key points in Jami's poetry. The present study, with a descriptive-analytical approach, examines the relationship between God and man and analyzes the concepts related to this field in Jami'ah poetry. The results of this study indicate that the relationship between God and man in Jami'ah poetry has been applied in three ways: 1. Revelation, Verses, and Apocalyptic Verses 2. Creation and guidance 3. Manuscript profile -
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95 - Mention, the great name, the non-obscuration of names and the place of the attributes of divine glory and beauty in the course and conduct in the shadow of Najm Kabri's works.
shahrouz goudarzimonfared amir mehdi Mohabbaty Jalil Tajlil roghoye sadraeeIrfan is based on divine providence in the first level and in the next level based on knowledge, love, self-cultivation, solitude, remembrance, fasting, purity, hearing, pure submission to the complete sheikh and negation of conscience and satisfaction. Najm al-Din Kobr MoreIrfan is based on divine providence in the first level and in the next level based on knowledge, love, self-cultivation, solitude, remembrance, fasting, purity, hearing, pure submission to the complete sheikh and negation of conscience and satisfaction. Najm al-Din Kobri, a great mystic of the 6th century and the beginning of the 7th century, who is known by his eternal students. It has great ideas that are still unknown. The necessity of this research occurs because many of the thoughts of this sheikh, who has remained abandoned, have a different wording from other mystics. This research, using the descriptive-analytical method and the use of library and documentary studies, has investigated the zikr and its related issues in the works of Najmuddin Kobari. In addition to dhikr, we discuss controversial topics such as the great name, the prohibition or non-possession of names, and the place of the attributes of divine beauty and glory in the conduct of this Sheikh Wali Tarash. Of course, wider research is needed to resolve the ambiguities and mysteries of Sheikh Kabri's thought. Manuscript profile -
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96 - AAshari’s Philosophical Theology in Abol Ghasem Ghosharee's Speech
Jamal AhmadiAbol Ghasem Ghosharee (376-465 H.) is one of the greatest scholars and mystics of the fifth century A.H. He was superior to his peers in the field of knowledge and wisdom of his age. Abundant works remained by him shows that he was not only mastered mystic journey and p MoreAbol Ghasem Ghosharee (376-465 H.) is one of the greatest scholars and mystics of the fifth century A.H. He was superior to his peers in the field of knowledge and wisdom of his age. Abundant works remained by him shows that he was not only mastered mystic journey and practical ethics, but also was superlatively capable in Prophet's tradition, commentary Islamic jurisprudence and theology. One of Ghosharee's concerns based on what has been reported by different references is theologian thoughts. It seems that Ghosharee's theologian beliefs in recalling his thoughts are more in agreement with Asharee's scholastic theology. This issue can obviously be observed in his works. In Ghosharee's Resale, Latayef-ol-Esharat, The Complaint Letters of Sunni Orthodoxy and Gasidat-o-Sofie the system of Ghosharee's philosophy has obviously stated. This paper done by library research method aims at illuminating Ghosharee's thoughts by means of using the mentioned works. The researcher has concluded that; although, there is a common viewpoint between Ghosharee's and Abol Hassan Asharee's thoughts, there narrator's characteristics and God's cognition way are different in some ways. Manuscript profile -
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97 - Theology and Its Systematic Uses in Mythical and Heroic Periods of Shahnameh- e- Ferdowsi
Ahmad Amini Kamran Pashaei Fakhri Khalil hadidiIn this article, through studying different concepts of ‘‘God’’ and its synonyms, in spite of its ambiguity, in Shahnameh, I have tried to find out the real thought of this dignified sage about Godliness; in other words, how has he seen or descri MoreIn this article, through studying different concepts of ‘‘God’’ and its synonyms, in spite of its ambiguity, in Shahnameh, I have tried to find out the real thought of this dignified sage about Godliness; in other words, how has he seen or described it? So, after considering the mythical and heroic poems of this great work, I discovered that he has been an enamoured worshipper of God. He believes that Godliness is the source of prosperity and safety and Godlessness causes adversity and pain. Divine magnificence and wisdom brings about honour and pride; and selfishness and ingratitude cause humiliation and affliction. He believes that human being has a God-seeking nature, so, ancient Iranians were never atheist. Thus, Ferdowsi was in search for a utopian society based on monotheism which he called spiritual being of man and he ignored otherwise. Manuscript profile -
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98 - self-existent wisdom from the point of view of Muslim theologians
javad hajipourThe wisdom of God in the mirror of Muslim theologians' thinking indicates His infinite knowledge. They infer God's knowledge by explaining the divine wisdom and the details of the craft and the subtleties of the verb, and they pay more attention to His current knowledge MoreThe wisdom of God in the mirror of Muslim theologians' thinking indicates His infinite knowledge. They infer God's knowledge by explaining the divine wisdom and the details of the craft and the subtleties of the verb, and they pay more attention to His current knowledge and current attributes. According to the opinion of Shiite theologians - regardless of their philosophical opinions in this matter - the definition of wisdom in the field of speech is "God does not do ugly things, which requires accepting the principle of goodness and ugliness inherent in reason; That the phenomenon in itself contains all kinds of benefits and corruptions, and the Supreme Being is also aware of these benefits and corruptions. Therefore, in his actions, he does not commit ugly things and does not abandon what is necessary. With this opinion, Shiite theologians demarcated the opinions of the Ash'arites, which deny goodness and ugliness inherent in reason.According to Ash'areh opinion, God does not perform His actions based on purity and wisdom, but what He does is wise, which they consider to be the result of God's knowledge. With this statement, they wanted to preserve the inherent exaltation of God, who does not condemn anything outside the realm of his nature, but they have prescribed the issuance of any act, even if it is futile, for his nature to be a burden. The verbs are based on expediency and wisdom and being free from cancellation and futility, but their expression of God's wisdom is similar to the wisdom of humans, which is issued from Him to achieve a purpose and goal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - The rational proof of divine knowledge on the Imamate of Amir al-Mu'minin
seyed reza mousaviSo far, extensive research has been done on the theology of Amirul Momineen Ali, but there are still many unsaid angles among Islamic scholars. What is examined in this article is a different view of his theology. How can the imamate of Hazrat Ali be proved in a logical MoreSo far, extensive research has been done on the theology of Amirul Momineen Ali, but there are still many unsaid angles among Islamic scholars. What is examined in this article is a different view of his theology. How can the imamate of Hazrat Ali be proved in a logical and logical way through religious theology?The proof of science consists of three premises.First: Proof of the divine religious knowledge of Amir al-Mominin based on authentic texts.Second: Not granting divine knowledge to the false claimant of Imamate.Third: Only Hazrat Ali had divine knowledge and claimed Imamate.The first premise is proven by Quranic and narrative evidence, and the second premise is certain based on a rational judgment.According to the preliminaries, the research hypothesis has been proven with the usual narrative, descriptive-analytical methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Analytical comparison of human reason divine creation and Artificial intelligence Man made
Seyed Hesamaldin HosseiniThe widespread development and increasing capabilities of artificial intelligence have led some scientists to believe in the dominance of artificial intelligence over human intelligence and intellect. However, considering the verses of the Quran (Al-A'laa: 1-2) and (Al- MoreThe widespread development and increasing capabilities of artificial intelligence have led some scientists to believe in the dominance of artificial intelligence over human intelligence and intellect. However, considering the verses of the Quran (Al-A'laa: 1-2) and (Al-An'am: 102) and many other verses that identify God as the sole creator of the universe, as well as God's infinite knowledge (Al-Baqarah: 29) (Al-An'am: 101) of which human knowledge is a mere reflection, and the verses of human dignity: verses that speak of God blowing His spirit into man (Al-Hijr: 29 and Sad: 72) and appointing man as His vicegerent on earth and creating the creatures of the earth for man (Al-Baqarah: 30, Sad: 26, Fatir: 39, Al-An'am: 165, Yunus: 14, Yunus: 73, Al-A'raf: 69, Al-A'raf: 84, Al-Naml: 62), and philosophical arguments that view the universe as a reflection of God's will to be and a cause that is the very essence of dependence on its absolute cause, and considering the verses that identify man as the greatest creation and the most perfect of them (Al-Sajdah: 7) and (At-Tin: 4) to the extent that he is introduced as God's vicegerent on earth (Al-Baqarah: 30), human achievements are the result of human action and man is their efficient cause and the effect of the Most High as the absolute cause, an effect that derives all its power from the sole creator of the universe. Therefore, artificial intelligence, which is a product of man and human achievement, cannot be superior to human intelligence, which is a creation of the Lord of the Worlds. The research method is qualitative and comparative, and the results indicate the invalidity of the superiority of artificial intelligence over human intellect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Creation in time of material world according to Proclus' philosophy
Mazdak RajabiThe issue of cosmos occurrence has always been one of the most essential philosophical topics. This topic was so many important for Proclus as well as the other philosophers. This paper has tried to make clear his special point of view about this topic by analyzing his MoreThe issue of cosmos occurrence has always been one of the most essential philosophical topics. This topic was so many important for Proclus as well as the other philosophers. This paper has tried to make clear his special point of view about this topic by analyzing his fundamental ideas. The most important platonic cosmological concept is The Demieurgous, and this paper has analyzed Proclus' comment of Demieurgous and creation of material world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - A Comparative Study of the Nature Concept in Children's Poetry (Case study: Suleiman Al-Issa and Mostafa Rahmandost's poems)
toran afri rahimeh Choulanian sadegh Ebrahimi kavariChildren's literature is any text written or composed with the help of specific technical and literary principles and content appropriate to the child's age group so that the child can communicate with it well. As a result, the works written or composed for children mus MoreChildren's literature is any text written or composed with the help of specific technical and literary principles and content appropriate to the child's age group so that the child can communicate with it well. As a result, the works written or composed for children must follow certain technical principles. In terms of emotional and psychological aspects, they must be such that they affect the child's seeking-beauty soul and arouse his emotions and feelings. In Arabic literature, "Suleiman Al-Issa" and in Persian literature, "Mustafa Rahmandost" are among the poets who devoted a large part of their poems to children's issues and left valuable works in this field. The present research, written with a descriptive-analytical method and using library resources, has investigated the manifestations of the divine and earthly nature in the children's poems of the two mentioned poets. It is concluded that both poets paid attention to phenomena such as the sky, rain, wind, sea, river, and tree in their poems and, while drawing them, also expressed some appropriate moral and educational principles for children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Preiliminary Report on Excavations at Tepe Narge, Takestan (1998, 2000, 2001, 2002)
Saeid GanjaviAfter choosing Nargeh mound as archaeological site of Islamic Azad university, abhar branch, the research and excavation began in this mound. These seasonal excavations for instruction of archaeology students is continued every year and during this time in the years of MoreAfter choosing Nargeh mound as archaeological site of Islamic Azad university, abhar branch, the research and excavation began in this mound. These seasonal excavations for instruction of archaeology students is continued every year and during this time in the years of 1998, 2000, 2001, 2002. I have supervised these excavations the results of these excavations have been revealed a village relating to Safavian era and diagnosis of some trace about older signs of Ilkhani and Saljoghi. In this article, we will introduce briefly Nargeh mound and some of evidence which have been found in it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Analysis of Timurid legitimacy on the basis of Iranian political thoughts.
Zahra Alami zavare Fereydoon AllahyariIn political discourse, Legitimacy means peoples acceptance of and submission to the current government, a choice of knowledge and will. All political systems need legitimacy to prove on the one hand, that they have true and irreplaceable authority and on the other hand MoreIn political discourse, Legitimacy means peoples acceptance of and submission to the current government, a choice of knowledge and will. All political systems need legitimacy to prove on the one hand, that they have true and irreplaceable authority and on the other hand, lead the subordinates towards obedience. Each government considers variant elements as the basis of its legitimacy, depending on the social conditions, culture, ethics and history. What matters is distinguishing these elements from different situations. One way of legitimizing has been using Iranian political thoughts about the supremacy of government and the necessity to follow it. This is what Timurid have shrewdly observed. This article, after an introduction, tries to analyze Timurid legitimacy on the basis of Iranian thoughts and in the form of categories such as divine rights, divine approval and influences of the government polices of Iranian kings. The article uses a descriptive- analytical method on the basis of library information. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Divine traditions and Rise and Fall of Civilizations
Hasan HosayniThis article is a survey of the factors of disintegration and the pride of society or the role of divine traditions in falling and rising of the civilization and the communications which well be discussed. Along with divine traditions, there are different phenrmen as t MoreThis article is a survey of the factors of disintegration and the pride of society or the role of divine traditions in falling and rising of the civilization and the communications which well be discussed. Along with divine traditions, there are different phenrmen as tools for testing human beings and the Muslims to be tested in order to associated with happenings and problems and reap pious The reasons for falling of some people in the past such as: Noah’s, Ad, Samood, lat, Saba, and so on … are dealt with in its proper place, as well. And then the most important factors which had basic roles in the rise and fall of civilizations are discussed. Attention to the point that some of the factors in falling all the civilisutions are common and some others are specific to a civilization an human gathering, in the article can be praiseworthy help for recognizing the causes of the falling and rising of civilizations. At the end after getting the conclusion from the discussion and presenting some suggestions. There will be a list of sources used in preparing this article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - The criteria and basis of considering others as Muslim of infidel based on the comparative study of Velayat in Alkutub Alarbah and Sihah alsittah
amir mahmoodifard Javad panjepour hormoz asadikoohbadAbstract:Divine providence and Divine law are contingent to each other. One of the sources of divine law is tradition. The origin of this Islamic source is two great collections called " AL-kutub AL-Arbah" and "Sihah al-Sittah". The compilation of these two is different MoreAbstract:Divine providence and Divine law are contingent to each other. One of the sources of divine law is tradition. The origin of this Islamic source is two great collections called " AL-kutub AL-Arbah" and "Sihah al-Sittah". The compilation of these two is different. The author of the current study believes that legislation after prophet Muhammad pertains to Ahl al-Bayt , based on Shia and Sunni scientists, sensible reasons, and Quranic evidences.The expression "Twelve Successors" in the narrative books of the two sects is referred to innocent legislators that necessity in following them is one of the most basic principals that should be considered into account by all Muslims. because One Islamic criterion is the Velayat (Protectorship or Guardianship) which forms the basis for the accuracy of Islamic criteria. This criterion has been considered explicitly as an Islamic sign in the Four Books and the Six Canonical Books of Hadith whose fact confirms the necessity for the governance of the Household in various ways Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - The effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin (Eltosil®) on growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
M. Haghighi M. Sharif Rohani I. Sharifpour A. SepahdariThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin 1% (Eltosil®) on growth performance in rainbow trout. 1200 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) weighing 0.5±0.05 gram were randomly distributed in two groups 1) the cont MoreThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin 1% (Eltosil®) on growth performance in rainbow trout. 1200 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) weighing 0.5±0.05 gram were randomly distributed in two groups 1) the control group and 2) Eltosil® group, each in three replications. These fishes were randomly divided in six 100 liter square troughs with a continuous water flow of 1 liter per minute. Troughs were supplied with a well water (temperature range: 15±1ºC, O2: 7.2±0.2mg/l, pH= 8±0.3). In this research, the fish received of 200g Eltosil® per 100kg BW. The administration method of Eltosil®-mixed feed to fish was once a week for 4 consecutive weeks at each treatment stage, totally 8 times for 12 weeks (once a week, 4 times in the first step, withdrawal for four weeks in the second step, once a week for 4 times in the third step). To calculate growth factors, fish were weighed weekly and their body lengths were measured every two weeks (before and after each experiment). At the end of each rearing period (on day 28, 56, 84) the means of whole body weight, weight gain, average daily growth, total length, average daily length, grams of weight gain per gram of food, specific growth rate, condition factor, food conversion rate, and the percentage of survival ratio were calculated in the control and Eltosil® groups. Moreover, at the end of rearing period (on day 84), comparative growth rate was calculated. The results of this study demonstrated that there were no significant differences between growth factors in the control and Eltosil® groups on days 28, 56, 84 of rearing periods (P>0.05). These results show that oral administration of recombinant bovine somatotropin (Eltosil®) was not a suitable way to increase rapid growth in rainbow trout weighing 0.5±0.05 gram. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Judicial-Lawful Survey of Recidivism by Emphasizing on Article 136 of IPC
yousef noraeiOne of the general aggravating circumstances in all crimes is the repetition of crime. Iranian legislator, neither before the Islamic Revolution nor after that, had explicitly passed any provision about crimes entitled divine punishment. It was in the Article 136 of the MoreOne of the general aggravating circumstances in all crimes is the repetition of crime. Iranian legislator, neither before the Islamic Revolution nor after that, had explicitly passed any provision about crimes entitled divine punishment. It was in the Article 136 of the Islamic Penal Code, adopted on April.21, 2013, that the repetition of such crimes came to be approved. This Article says that: "If a person commits a crime entitled divine punishment in three times, and in each time he is punished, his sentence in forth time will be death penalty." Contrary to this rule which is taken from the opinion of the most celebrities of Islamic jurists, there are at least two other opinions the first, is the death penalty in third time, and the second, is the lack of permission for the death penalty Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Protective and antioxidant effects of silymarin in sheep with fasciolosis treated by clorsulon
Mehrzad Aflatooni negar panahi Pejman Mortazavi Bahar Shemshadi Shapoor KakoolakiFasciolosis is a parasitic disease that causes economic losses. ‎In the present study, the protective effects of silymarin alone and in ‎combination with clorsulon were investigated in sheep naturally infected with ‎Fasciola hepatica. For this purpose, 40 Sa MoreFasciolosis is a parasitic disease that causes economic losses. ‎In the present study, the protective effects of silymarin alone and in ‎combination with clorsulon were investigated in sheep naturally infected with ‎Fasciola hepatica. For this purpose, 40 Sangsari breed sheep ‎were used, which were divided into five groups, including 1- healthy sheep without treatment 2- ‎fasciolosis affected sheep without treatment 3- fasciolosis affected sheep treated with silymarin 4- fasciolosis affected sheep treated with ‎Clorsulon, and 5- fasciolosis affected sheep treated with silymarin ‎and clorsulon. Biochemical parameters including triglyceride, total bilirubin, total protein, cholesterol, and albumin, were ‎measured. The serum level of malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, and ‎hematological parameters were determined and compared among groups. Additionally, histopathological changes ‎were ‎‎‎investigated using light microscopy. Biochemical analysis showed significant ‎improvement in bilirubin levels, total protein, cholesterol, and albumin in sheep treated with silymarin ‎and clorsulon (p<0.05). Total antioxidant capacity increased in group treated with silymarin (p<0.05) compared to group 2, and the amount of oxidative stress decreased (p<0.01). Silymarin also improved hematologic factors and prevented a decrease in red blood cells (p<0.05).‎ Liver inflammation, ‎fibrosis, necrosis, and hyperplasia of the ‎bile ‎duct decreased significantly with the silymarin and ‎clorsulon group compared to the other groups ‎‎(p<0.0001). These findings ‎showed that using ‎silymarin in combination with clorsulon ‎improved their ‎therapeutic effects in treatment of ovine fasciolosis through enhancement of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea in cattle population of Golestan province by ELISA method
Aref Amanbaei Jalal Shayegh Mohammadreza Valilou Haniyeh TaghiyanBovine Viral Diarrhea is considered as one of the difficulties in industrial livestock whole world. If it went out of control, can causes significant economic losses. The eradication of the disease requires serological and molecular studies due to the presence of animal MoreBovine Viral Diarrhea is considered as one of the difficulties in industrial livestock whole world. If it went out of control, can causes significant economic losses. The eradication of the disease requires serological and molecular studies due to the presence of animals with persist infection. This study’s purpose is prevalence assessment of this disease in Golestan province. In order to do this, serum samples were taken from 200 cows (which) selected from industrial and traditional farms in 6 cities of the Golestan province randomly and they were tested for the presence of antibodies against BVDV by standard ELISA kits. The results showed that the prevalence of BVD antibodies in obtained serums is 22/92 percent. The most prevalence is related to the Bandar-e-Turkman county and the least prevalence is related to the Aliabad county. The prevalence of the disease in industrial farming system was more than traditional one (p<0.1) and there was a significant relationship between increasing age and number of claves with increasing antibody titer. Thus, the high serum prevalence of infection in farms in Golestan province refers to spread of pollution and economical importance of controlling the disease. Emphasis on changing the approach to livestock industrialization can help controlling the disease beside other preventive measures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Seroepidemiological survey of bovine leukemia virus infection in cows in Khuzestan province
سعید Zamanizadeh مهدی Pourmahdi Borujeni, M M.R Haji Hajikolaei M.R Seifi AbadshapouriBovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a member of the Delta retro virus genus (family Retroviridae) and can cause persistent lymphocytosis and lymphosarcoma in cattle that is described as enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL). This disease causes significant economic losses associate MoreBovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a member of the Delta retro virus genus (family Retroviridae) and can cause persistent lymphocytosis and lymphosarcoma in cattle that is described as enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL). This disease causes significant economic losses associated with the costs of control and eradication programs. Control programs of leucosis are based on the screening of cows by serological methods and removing the infected cows. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of bovine leukemia virus in cattle in Khuzestan province. Serum samples from 527 cattle were randomly collected in Ahvaz, Baghmalek, Shooshtar, Gotvand, Shadegan, Hendijan, Behbahan, Ramhormoz and Susangerd cities and were examined by ELISA assay. Seroperevalence rate of bovine leukemia virus was 6.64% (95% CI: 4.51-8.77). Statistical analysis indicated no significant association between infection and age or breed. Relative frequency of infection was higher in female cows than males, but this difference was not significant and odds of infection in female cows than males were 2.6 (95% CI: 0.35-19.59). Prevalence rate of infection between industrial (15%) and nonindustrial (3.4%) husbandry was significantly different (p<0.001) and odds of infection in industrial husbandry than nonindustrial was 4.97 (95% CI: 2.43-10.16). Prevalence rate in Shadegan, Baghmalek, Behbahan, and Susangerd were 23.5%, 20.3%, 7.2% and 1.7%, respectively, but infection was not observed in Ahvaz, Shooshtar, Gotvand, Ramhormoz and Hendijan (p<0.001) and 30.8% of fluctuation of disease was justified by geographical location. This study confirms that bovine leukemia virus exists in Khuzestan province. Prevention and control measures should be considered by health authorities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - A comparative study for diagnosis of Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) infection in dairy cows by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
raziallah jafari jozani gholamali moghaddam mohsen asmandBovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) is a retrovirus that causes bovine enzootic leukemia (EBL). The routine method for the diagnosis of the infection is antibody screening tests. Agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and ELISA are widely used for detection of the antibody against BLV MoreBovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) is a retrovirus that causes bovine enzootic leukemia (EBL). The routine method for the diagnosis of the infection is antibody screening tests. Agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and ELISA are widely used for detection of the antibody against BLV. Amplification and detection of the proviral DNA by PCR is a powerful method for direct detection of the infection. However there are some limitations for routine use of this method in laboratory diagnosis of the disease and it requires further investigations. The objective of this study was to compare the results of a PCR assay with a commercial ELISA in detection of the bovine leukemia provirus and antibodies to this agent, in blood samples of dairy cows. The ELISA was assumed as reference test and the relative sensitivity and specificity of the PCR assay was calculated by testing samples from 173 cows in suburb of Tabriz. Blood sample were taken and taken sera and DNA contents were harvested. Sensitivity and specificity of the PCR assay in caparison to commercial ELISA were 100% and 98.6% respectively. The frequency of the presence of the targeted part of gag gene in PCR was 13.3% and the frequency of the seropositive reaction by commercial ELISA was 12.1%. The results showed that it is possible to use PCR as a laboratory diagnostic method for identification of the disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Comparison of commercial ELISA kit with serum neutralization (SN) in diagnosis of BHV-1 infections in water buffalo (Buballous buballis)
neda arjmandi mohammad rahim hajikolayei masoudreza seyfi abad shapouri maryam dagheri In order to compare commercial ELISA kit with serum neutralization (SN) in diagnosis of BHV-1 infection, blood samples were taken from 150 (100 male, 50 female) slaughtered water buffalo (Buballous buballis) at Ahvaz abattoir. Sera were tested by commercial More In order to compare commercial ELISA kit with serum neutralization (SN) in diagnosis of BHV-1 infection, blood samples were taken from 150 (100 male, 50 female) slaughtered water buffalo (Buballous buballis) at Ahvaz abattoir. Sera were tested by commercial ELISA kit and SN to determine antibodies against BHV-1. Out of 150 buffaloes, prevalence of infection with BHV-1 in ELISA and SN was 54% (81 samples) and 58/7% (88 samples) respectively. Statistical analysis showed there was no significant difference between ELISA and SN for detection of antibodies to BHV-1 in sera of water buffalo. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of Bovine Leukosis Virus Tax gene in Iran
حسن Momtaz پوریا Amini بهنام AbbasianBovine Leukosis Virus (BLV) belongs to the genus Deltaretrovirus ,subfamily Orthoretrovirinae of the family Retroviridae comprising 3 main genes of gag, pol and env and a number of replication regulatory genes such as Tax, Rex, R III, C IV. For determination of genetic MoreBovine Leukosis Virus (BLV) belongs to the genus Deltaretrovirus ,subfamily Orthoretrovirinae of the family Retroviridae comprising 3 main genes of gag, pol and env and a number of replication regulatory genes such as Tax, Rex, R III, C IV. For determination of genetic relationship of Tax gene of BLV in Iran with those in other countries fragments 927bp corresponding to Tax from four infected samples were amplified in PCR system and sequenced for determining nucleotide sequence and compared with identified nucleotide sequence of this gene in other countries.A comparison made on Tax gene in Iran with other countries demonstrated 3.4 to 7.7% variability in Tax gene, of which the greatest sequence similarity exists between sequences of Tax in Iran with USA (AY700378.1)with 96.6% similarity and the least relationship exists between sequences of this virus in Iran with Australia (AY700379.1) and Japan (AY700381.1) with 92.3% similarity Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Histogenesis study of the ovine lens
M.A Ebrahimi رضا Najjar رعنا KeyhanmaneshIn this study, 78 sheep fetuses were used for the evaluation of anatomic and histologic aspects of lens with three methods (H&E, Verhoeff's and P.A.S. staining). The results showed that the lens vesicle was formed completely by 30th day and lost its contact with the MoreIn this study, 78 sheep fetuses were used for the evaluation of anatomic and histologic aspects of lens with three methods (H&E, Verhoeff's and P.A.S. staining). The results showed that the lens vesicle was formed completely by 30th day and lost its contact with the superficial ectoderm. In 40th day of fetal period, the epithelium of the posterior wall of the lens gradually started to disappear due to its development and formation of forward facing elastic fibers limiting the internal space of the vesicle. By 150th day, the density and thickness of these fibers were increasing. In addition, at this day, the capsule of the posterior surface of the lens started to form. In 50th day of fetal period the internal space of vesicle was filled with elastic fibers and the epithelium of the anterior surface became simple cuboidal. At that day, the capsule of the anterior surface of the lens gradually was formed and in 60-day fetus, it became complete. By 150th day, its thickness was increased a little. After 80th day, the convexity of the posterior part would become more than the convexity of the anterior part because of the increased growth of lens fibers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Prevalence of antibodies to BVD virus in milk tanks, dairy farms in Tabriz with history of abortions in 90-1389
منصور Khakpour هیوا Ahmadi A.R Monadi صمد MosaferiBovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is the most important bovine viral disease across the world. The virus belongs to Flavi viridae and of Pesti virus genus which causes to various syndromes. The virus affects the reproduction, respiratory, digestive, cardiovascular, immunity, MoreBovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is the most important bovine viral disease across the world. The virus belongs to Flavi viridae and of Pesti virus genus which causes to various syndromes. The virus affects the reproduction, respiratory, digestive, cardiovascular, immunity, lymphatic, muscular and central nervous systems .Today, different tests (virus isolation, RT-PCR, capturing ELISA, direct and indirect ELISA and immune fluorescence test) have be designed in order to diagnosis viral infection of cattle’s viral diarrhea. This study aimed at demonstrating the importance of the disease in cattle’s abortion of Tabriz suburb’s cattle pens in 89-90 by measurement antibody titre of produced milk. ELISA test was used in the present study since ELISA test of bulk milk is one of the diagnostic methods in cattle pens according to the regulations of counyry veterinarian organization for controlling BVD-MD disease. The results demonstrated that there were 9 positive and 11 negative samples of 20 milk samples. The results suggest that of the rate of milk tanks contamination of Tabriz suburb is about 45% in 89-90 which shows relatively 2% resistant contamination in cattle pens of the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - A survey on the status of BIV-infection and associated clinical findings in old- age Holstein cattle of some dairy farms aruond of Tabriz
mohammad tooloei samad farrashi hamed panahpourBovine immunodeficiency virus is a Lentivirus from the large family of retroviridae. Different opinions have been submitted about the possibility of varieties of infectious complications due to Bovine immunodeficiency virus and induced losses to dairy industry. Consider MoreBovine immunodeficiency virus is a Lentivirus from the large family of retroviridae. Different opinions have been submitted about the possibility of varieties of infectious complications due to Bovine immunodeficiency virus and induced losses to dairy industry. Considering the worldwide distribution of the BIV infection in cattle herds and correlation of the infection with different kinds of clinical disorders and consequent severe economic losses to dairy cattle industry and the fact that only few surveys about the status of the BIV infection have been performed in Iran as well as the probability of increasing infection rate with aging and therefore increasing the culling rate, this study was done to identify the BIV infection rate in aged Holstein cattle and evaluation of their associated clinical disorders in some dairy herds around Tabriz. In this study which was performed in some industrial or traditional especially the small dairy farms around Tabriz, 50 Holstein dairy cattle with the age of higher than 6 years old were selected and their clinical characteristics recorded. Blood samples were taken to detect BIV genome. According to the results of the Nested-PCR method in this study, 2% (1/50) of the aged cattle were infected with BIV. There wasn’t any significant correlation between BIV infection rate and age. Also there weren’t any significant correlations between BIV infection rate and BCS, milk production rate, any clinical problems, enlarged lymph nodes and haemal nodes. The results showed that the BIV infection rate among the aged cattle was relatively low and in contrast to some other studies, aging does not affect the sensitivity to infection. Decreasing the population in the livestock units and farms, could be helpful in prevention and control of BIV infection in cattle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - The Stance of Sacrifice Rituals in the Stories of One Thousand and One Nights
Mahdi Khalifeh Ghorbanali Ebrahimi Mehrdad ChatraeiSacrifice is among the oldest religious rituals that has received attention by human beings and its life can be tied to the length of human life. One Thousand and One Nights is important and necessary because it shows a deeper understanding of the human's beliefs and co MoreSacrifice is among the oldest religious rituals that has received attention by human beings and its life can be tied to the length of human life. One Thousand and One Nights is important and necessary because it shows a deeper understanding of the human's beliefs and convictions during the past centuries. Various researches have been done about the sacrifice and its types in Persian texts. This article aims to study the types of sacrifices (especially human ones), their goals and methods in the stories of One Thousand and One Nights with a descriptive-library method with content analysis tools and also referring to scientific sources and references, journals, and databases. The results show that all kinds of sacrifices (human and animal) have been common among all religions and its purpose was to ward off calamity, fear of the wrath of the gods, legitimizing the need, a religious practice on the feasts of different religions, making aqeeqah and so on. This ritual act changed after the emergence of divine religions and human intellectual growth, and animals replaced man. It is still prevalent in various communities, especially Muslims, and is becoming something not related to killing the alive creatures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Hydroxyapatite Nano-Particles Extracted from Miscellaneous Bestial Resources: Study of Crystal Structure and Microstructure
Seyed Mehdi Rafiaei Mohammad Khodaei Fateme Eslami -
Open Access Article
120 - Designing and explaining the behavioral model based on divine rationality and emotion, considering the mediating role of organizational justice (research case: Shiraz Electricity Distribution Company)
saeed khajehfard Yaser Salary Senjar Salajegheh Mahdi Mohammad BagheriEmployees' behavior varies according to the rationality and feelings of individuals and varies with the degree of organizational justice. The purpose of this study is to design and explain a behavioral model based on divine rationality and emotion by considering the med MoreEmployees' behavior varies according to the rationality and feelings of individuals and varies with the degree of organizational justice. The purpose of this study is to design and explain a behavioral model based on divine rationality and emotion by considering the mediating role of organizational justice in Shiraz Electricity Distribution Company. The research method is developmental-applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and correlational in terms of nature and method. The strategy of this research is qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative stage, the method of cyclic analysis process was used. The statistical population of the study includes 1477 employees of Shiraz Electricity Distribution Company from which a sample of 313 people was randomly selected. In designing and approving the model, the opinion of 14 experts aware of the issue was used and the content validity of the data collection tool was confirmed. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-23 and PLS-3 software and structural equation modeling. The results of the findings showed that factors related to behavior have a significant effect on behaviors based on divine rationality and feelings with the mediating role of organizational justice. Also, based on the findings, the effect of divine rationality and emotion on superior, pleasant, unpleasant, and inferior behaviors among employees was confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Investigation of not mentioning the name of Imam Ali (as) in the Holy Quran "From the perspective of the divine test” , Based on the teachings of the Qur'an and hadiths
mahmood khooran Ali Mohammadi AshnaniThe absence of the name of Imam Ali (AS) in the text of the Holy Quran, on the one hand, has aroused some Shiite akhbaris to speak about the removal of his name from the Holy Quran, based on some narrations, and on the other hand, some Shiite opponents use it as a tool MoreThe absence of the name of Imam Ali (AS) in the text of the Holy Quran, on the one hand, has aroused some Shiite akhbaris to speak about the removal of his name from the Holy Quran, based on some narrations, and on the other hand, some Shiite opponents use it as a tool to cast doubt on the caliphate. (AS) have placed.The omission of the name is based on various causes and materials; One of the reasons that has not been studied scientifically so far is the tradition of the divine test in the caliphate of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). Leading researcher, with a descriptive-analytical method and based on verses, narrations and historical evidence, has studied the behavior of groups involved in the test of knowing and following the divine leader in contemporary prophetic society and The irreplaceable role of not mentioning the name of Imam Ali (AS) in revealing the inner menus of individuals and the optimal realization of this important test is reflected Also, assuming the name is mentioned, there are potentially more dangerous consequences Meanwhile, in the introduction, the meaning of some narrations claiming to mention the name, its expression and its suspicion have been removed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Tasbīḥ in the Comprehensive Position of Divine Names and Attributes
Mohammad Reza AramThe subject of Walīyullāh, as a collection of divine names and attributes, is one of the most fundamental issues of religion, especially from the perspective of the Ahl al-Bayt (as) school. For this reason, religious scholars have spoken about it in a different way acco MoreThe subject of Walīyullāh, as a collection of divine names and attributes, is one of the most fundamental issues of religion, especially from the perspective of the Ahl al-Bayt (as) school. For this reason, religious scholars have spoken about it in a different way according to the needs and requirements of their time, which undoubtedly, is important in many ways. In the discussion of the comprehensive truth of divine names and attributes with the subject of Tasbīḥ (glorification), we should finally mention the position and role of Walīyullāh al-ʿAẓam. In the view of Shiism, according to the Ahl al-Bayt (as) school, this position belongs to the guardian of Allah, Imam Mahdi (as); in fact, as the seal of the wilāyat and Walīyullāh, he holds the most final position in the matter of divine guardianship, and the glorification of existence also occurs at his command. Therefore, this article, which is dedicated to the topic of tasbīḥ and glorification in the comprehensive position of divine names and attributes, has introduced and discussed their role in the glorification of existence; and then, according to the stated contents, the influence of His Holiness' presence in the matter of glorification and tasbīḥ in different levels of creation will be explained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Bacteriologic investigation of bovine mastitis in Isfahan livestocks and the effect of beehive Propolis and Pollen extracts on the isolated bacteria
Nafiseh Sadat Naghavi Najme Akafzade Mehran MajlesiMastitis is inflammation which causes physical and chemical changes in milk and pathological changes in mammary gland. The aims of present study were identification of bovine mastitis causative agents in Isfahan and survey of bee Propolis and Pollen antibacterial effect MoreMastitis is inflammation which causes physical and chemical changes in milk and pathological changes in mammary gland. The aims of present study were identification of bovine mastitis causative agents in Isfahan and survey of bee Propolis and Pollen antibacterial effect on the isolated bacteria. Milk samples were aseptically obtained from 10 mastitic cattle. The isolated bacteria were detected based on macroscopic, microscopic and biochemical characteristics. Ethanol and acetone extracts were prepared from Propolis and Pollen by soaking and the antibacterial effects of them determined using well plate and microdilution methods. The isolated bacteria included Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium sp., Listeria sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Well plate method showed that Propolis and Polen extracts were effective on Gram-positive bacteria but had no effect on Gram-negative ones. The mean of results showed maximum effects of Pollen acetone extract on Streptococcus agalactiae (concentration of 12.5 mg/ml) and Pollen ethanol extract on Corynebacterium (concentration of 12.5 mg/ml). Acetone extract of Propolis showed maximum effect on Staphylococcus aureus (concentration of 25 mg/ml) and Listeria sp. (concentration of 12.5 mg/ml). The results were confirmed by minimum bactericidal concentration analysis. Extracts of propolis and pollen showed powerful effects on Gram-positive isolates and this effect was more detected by acetone extracts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Production of functional fermented Kombucha drink using white tea and date syrup contains apple vinegar and ginger
Azizeh Heydari Mahmoud Rezazade Bari Saber AmiriKombucha is a non-dairy fermented drinks which the raw material for its production usually is sweetened black tea with sugar. The aim of the present study was to produce a new product from white tea and apple vinegar, which has high antioxidant properties. For this purp MoreKombucha is a non-dairy fermented drinks which the raw material for its production usually is sweetened black tea with sugar. The aim of the present study was to produce a new product from white tea and apple vinegar, which has high antioxidant properties. For this purpose, effect of date syrup (40-100%W/V) as a carbon source of Kombucha fermentation, apple vinegar (15-30%) and ginger (0.25-0.75 g/L) on microbial quality, chemical properties and nutritional characteristics of Kombucha during fermentation period (1-15 days) using Box-Behnken design was investigated. The results showed that acidity and cellulosic layer increased during the fermentation period but pH decreased which statistically affected by date syrup concentration and fermentation time (p<0.05). Moreover, the maximum polyphenol content and antioxidant activity were observed in 15th day that the effect of the fermentation time was statistically significant (p<0.05). The results of this study showed that the fermentation time was only factor that had significant effect on all characteristics of the Kombucha beverage that produced by white tea and date syrup, which contains ginger and apple cider vinegar (p<0.05). Also, it can be concluded that except ginger, which reduced yeast count (p<0.05), other factors had no significant effect on the characteristics of Kombucha tea (p>0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Comparative Evaluation of Ascorbic Acid Supplementation in Tris-Egg Yolk Based Extender and Triladyl® Extender on Post-Thaw Kinematics Parameters of Sahiwal Bull Semen
H. Abdul Rauf R.E. Qadeer F.U. Hassan M. Tarique Tunio M.F. Bhutta S. Imran -
Open Access Article
126 - Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Have Beneficial Effect on Frozen-Thawed Spermatozoa of Holstein Bulls
F. Farhadi A. Towhidi M. Shakeri A. Seifi-Jamadi -
Open Access Article
127 - تولید آنتی بادی مونوکلونال علیه پروتئین G1 بیان شده پروکاریوتی از ویروس تب بیدوام گاوی
ر. پسندیده م.ر. صیفی آباد شاپوری م.ت. بیگی نصیریاپیتوپ G1 از گلیکوپروتئین G ویروس تب بی ‏دوام گاوی (BEFV) از لحاظ ژنتیکی و آنتی ‏ژنیکی در بین جدایه‏ های مختلف از این ویروس حفاظت شده است و تنها با آنتی ‏بادی‏ های خنثی‏ کننده ضد این ویروس واکنش می‏ دهد. بنابراین این آنتی‏ژن، یک نامزد منا Moreاپیتوپ G1 از گلیکوپروتئین G ویروس تب بی ‏دوام گاوی (BEFV) از لحاظ ژنتیکی و آنتی ‏ژنیکی در بین جدایه‏ های مختلف از این ویروس حفاظت شده است و تنها با آنتی ‏بادی‏ های خنثی‏ کننده ضد این ویروس واکنش می‏ دهد. بنابراین این آنتی‏ژن، یک نامزد مناسب برای توسعه آزمون ایمونوسوربنت متصل به آنزیم (ELISA) برای شناسایی سرولوژیکی حیوانات آلوده است. هدف از این مطالعه، تولید آنتی ‏بادی مونوکلونال علیه آنتی‏ژن G1 نوترکیب بیان شده در اشرشیاکلی بود. به این منظور، هیبرید‏های سلولی سوماتیک بین سلول‏ های میلومای SP2/0 و سلول‏ های طحال حاصل از موش ‏های Balb/c ایمن شده با پروتئین هم جوش MBP-G1 ایجاد شد. پس از سه مرتبه کلونینگ، پایداری ترشح آنتی‏ بادی درکلون ‏های مثبت با روش الایزا و واکنش آنتی‏ بادی‏‏ های مونوکلونال علیه G1 نوترکیب توسط آزمایش وسترن بلات تأیید شد. آنتی‏ بادی‏ های اختصاصی تولید شده علیه آنتی ­ژن نوترکیب G1 ممکن است به ­منظور طراحی آزمایش‏ های تشخیصی برای ویروس BEF در آینده مناسب باشند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Isolation and Morphological Characterization of Ovine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
M. Mohebbi G. Moghaddam B. Qasemi Panahi M. Nouri -
Open Access Article
129 - Effects of Various Activators on Bovine Embryonic Development Following Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
K. Tasripoo K. Srisakwattana W. Nualchuen S. p Sophon -
Open Access Article
130 - شرایط منجر به استرس اکسیداتیو در گاوهای شیری
ج. گونزالز-مالدونادو ر. رانگل-سانتوس ر. رودریگز-دلارا گ. رامیرز-والوردهرادیکالهای آزاد به طور طبیعی توسط ارگانیسمهای زنده تولید میشوند، در نرخ تولید کنترل شده آنها عملکردهای فیزیولوژیکی را به عنوان مولکولهای انتقال پیام ایفا میکنند. با این وجود، شرایط منجر به تولید بیش از حد که ظرفیت ضد اکسیداتیو را از بین میبرند استرس اکسیداتیو را Moreرادیکالهای آزاد به طور طبیعی توسط ارگانیسمهای زنده تولید میشوند، در نرخ تولید کنترل شده آنها عملکردهای فیزیولوژیکی را به عنوان مولکولهای انتقال پیام ایفا میکنند. با این وجود، شرایط منجر به تولید بیش از حد که ظرفیت ضد اکسیداتیو را از بین میبرند استرس اکسیداتیو را به وجود میآورند. در نتیجه، صدمه به غشاء سلولی، پروتئین، DNA و مرگ سلول مشاهده میشود. گاوهای شیری به استرس اکسیداتیو حساس هستند. شرایطهایی مانند عفونتها، اختلالات متابولیکی و استرس گرمایی در گاوها با خالیکردن غلظتهای آنتیاکسیدانهای بدنی یا با افزایش تولید رادیکالهای آزاد درونزاد به عنوان ایجادکننده استرس اکسیداتیو شناخته شدهاند. پاسخ ارگانیسم به استرس اکسیداتیو توسط فعال­سازی عوامل سلولی که بعد از ارزیابی صدمه به سلول، یک سیگنال بازیابی یا مرگ برنامهریزی خواهد شد. هدف از این بررسی تقویت دانش مرتبط با استرس اکسیداتیو در خواننده و فراهم آوردن اطلاعات در مورد شرایط منجر به این نوع از استرس و پاسخ سلولی به آن در گاوهای شیری است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Effect of Oocyte Maturation Period on Developmental Rate and Sex ratio Distribution of in vitro Produced Bovine Embryos
H. Nazari N. Esfandabadi A. Shirazi A.M. Ahadi E. Ahmadi A. Safdarinejad -
Open Access Article
132 - سیمای هورمونی مایع فولیکولی تخمدان و پلاسمای خون
ص. طباطبائی م. اصغری مقدم م. مموئی K. میرزاده ع. آقاییهدف از مطالعه حاضر، بررسی غلظت هورمون­های تولیدمثلی در پلاسمای خون و مایعات فولیکول­های با اندازه­های مختلف در مراحل سیکل استروس گاوهای هلشتاین بود. خونگیری از ورید وداج 42 رأس گاو هلشتاین بلافاصله پس از کشتار به عمل آمد. مایعات فولیکول­های کوچک (5-4 میل Moreهدف از مطالعه حاضر، بررسی غلظت هورمون­های تولیدمثلی در پلاسمای خون و مایعات فولیکول­های با اندازه­های مختلف در مراحل سیکل استروس گاوهای هلشتاین بود. خونگیری از ورید وداج 42 رأس گاو هلشتاین بلافاصله پس از کشتار به عمل آمد. مایعات فولیکول­های کوچک (5-4 میلی­متر)، متوسط (9-6 میلی­متر) و بزرگ (20-10 میلی­متر) تخمدانی جمعآوری شده و مراحل سیکل استروس ثبت شد. غلظت گونادوتروپین­ها و استروئیدها در پلاسمای خون و میزان استروئیدها در مایعات فولیکولی تعیین شد. غلظت استرادیول 17 بتا در فولیکول­های حفره­دار کوچک مرحله اوایل دیاستروس به طور معنی­داری بیشتر از غلظت آن در فولیکول­های کوچک سایر مراحل سیکل استروس بود (05/0>P). غلظت استرادیول 17 بتا در مایعات فولیکولی فولیکول­های متوسط در مرحله مت­استروس به طور معنی­داری بیشتر از میزان آن در مراحل پرواستروس و استروس سیکل استروس بود. اختلاف معنی­داری در غلظت استرادیول 17 بتای مایعات فولیکولی فولیکول­های بزرگ در بین مراحل مختلف سیکل استروس وجود نداشت (05/0<P). میزان پروژسترون فولیکولهای با اندازه­های مختلف در مراحل مختلف سیکل استروس دارای اختلاف معنی­داری نبود (05/0<P). غلظت پلاسمایی FSH، LH و استرادیول 17 بتا در پرواستروس و استروس بیشتر از مراحل دیگر سیکل استروس بود (05/0>P). غلظت پروژسترون پلاسما در اواخر دی­استروس بیشتر از متاستروس، پرواستروس و استروس بود (05/0>P). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Effect of Adding Different Levels of Folic Acid to the Culture Medium on Developmental Competence of Bovine Oocytes
H. Baghshahi S. زین الدینی A. Zare Shahneh S.E. Khanian A.R. Yousefi A. Goodarzi -
Open Access Article
134 - Cryopreservation of Spermatogonial Stem Cells of Native Goat of Iran
M. Mohebbi G. Moghaddam B. Qasemi-Panahi H. Daghigh Kia S.A. Rafat G. Hamidian -
Open Access Article
135 - ارزش غذایی، ساختارهای مولکولی FTIR، غلضت سموم قارچی و عناصر سنگین انگور رقم بیدانه سفید در سه مرحله قوره، رسیده و کشمش در نشخوارکنندگان
م. یاری م. منافی م. هدایتی ر. کریمی ر. ولیزاده آ. جنکرانگور و محصولات بدست آمده از آن به خاطر مصرف در تغذیه انسان، اهمیت فراوانی در دنیا دارند. با این وجود، این محصولات ممکن است گاهی اوقات به دلیل قیمت و کیفیت پایین در تغذیه نشخوارکنندگان استفاده شود. اهداف این پژوهش تعیین ارزش غذایی انگور رقم بیدانه سفید در سه مرحله غوره Moreانگور و محصولات بدست آمده از آن به خاطر مصرف در تغذیه انسان، اهمیت فراوانی در دنیا دارند. با این وجود، این محصولات ممکن است گاهی اوقات به دلیل قیمت و کیفیت پایین در تغذیه نشخوارکنندگان استفاده شود. اهداف این پژوهش تعیین ارزش غذایی انگور رقم بیدانه سفید در سه مرحله غوره (خوشه کامل)، رسیده (خوشه کامل)، و کشمش برای نشخوارکنندگان به صورت اندازهگیری ترکیب شیمیایی و ویژگیهای تخمیرپذیری به روش تولید گاز در محیط آزمایشگاهی، بررسی ساختار مولکولی با استفاده از روش FTIR (اسپکتروسکوپی مادون قرمز با تبدیل فوریه) و آلودگیهای عناصر سنگین و سموم قارچی بود. در مقایسه با انگور رسیده و کشمش، غوره نسب نیتروژن به کربوهیدارت، فنول و تانن کل بیشتری داشت (05/0>P) و بیشترین ناحیه پیک مربوط به ترکیبات فنولی و کربوهیدارتهای ساختاری در بررسی FTIR مربوط به میوه غوره بود (05/0>P). کشمش تولید گاز تجمعی بیشتری در 24 ساعت از انکوباسیون داشت (05/0>P). مقادیر آفلاتوکسین B1، B2، G1 و G2 و آکراتوکسین A در میوه غوره و رسیده ناچیز بود در صورتیکه مقادیر کمی در کشمش مشاهده شد (05/0>P). غلظت سرب در میوه غوره و کشمش کمتر از میوه رسیده بود (05/0>P). در نتیجه، ترکیبات فنولی و تاننها، غلظت سموم قارچی و عناصر سنگین در میوه غوره و رسیده و کشمش انگور بیدانه سفید کمتر از سطوح سمی برای تغذیه در نشخوارکنندگان بود و الگو و قابلیت دسترسی مواد مغذی این محصولات، آنها را به عنوان ماده خوراکی مناسب در جیره نشخوارکنندگان ممکن میسازد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Effects of Bovine Bile and Savory Essential Oil Supplemented Diets on Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Parameters and Antioxidant Status of Broiler Chickens
S. Farajollahzadeh A.R. Safamehr A. Nobakht Y. Mehmannavaz -
Open Access Article
137 - امکانسنجی تشخیص اولیه بیماری ورم پستان در دامهای شیری با استفاده از پردازش نقشه های گرمایی
م.ر. گلزاریان ح. سلطانعلی ا. دوستی ایرانی س.ه. ابراهیمیبیماری ورم پستان دام به ­عنوان یکی از شایع­ترین بیماری­ها در واحدهای پرورش گاو شیری مطرح می­باشد که از یکسو سلامتی دام­ها را تحت شعاع قرار داده و از سوی دیگر منجر به کاهش پویایی تولید محصولات لبنی شده است. از این ­رو هدف از این مطالعه بررسی تشخیص Moreبیماری ورم پستان دام به ­عنوان یکی از شایع­ترین بیماری­ها در واحدهای پرورش گاو شیری مطرح می­باشد که از یکسو سلامتی دام­ها را تحت شعاع قرار داده و از سوی دیگر منجر به کاهش پویایی تولید محصولات لبنی شده است. از این ­رو هدف از این مطالعه بررسی تشخیص بیماری ورم پستان در گاوهای شیری با نژاد هلشتاین با استفاده از پردازش تصاویر گرمایی بود. به­ منظور قابلیت تفکیکپذیری دام­ها و مقایسه بهتر نتایج حاصل از نقشه­های گرمایی، فاکتورهای چون میزان شیردهی، تعداد سلول­های سوماتیک و نیز تست ورم پستان کالیفرنیایی به عنوان مرجع آزمایش در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج حاصل از روش همبستگی اسپیرمن نشان داد که یک رابطه معکوسی (97/0R=) بین سلول­های سوماتیک و مقادیر شیر ثبت شده وجود دارد. نتایج قابلیت تشخیص بیماری با کمک پردازش نقشه­های گرمایی حاکی از آن بود که میانگین اختلافات دمایی بین بافت سالم و غیرسالم در پستان دام­ها برابر 44/0 درجه سانتی­گراد بوده است. به ­عبارتی دقت تشخیص این روش برابر 3/57 درصد به دست آمد. به منظور نتایج بهتر حاصل از روش پردازش تصاویر گرمایی، مدیریت پارامترهایی چون کنترل اثرات منفی تابش نور، عدم وجود مو و کرک در ناحیه پستان دام، کنترل دما در ناحیه اتصال پستان با پای دام و مدیریت زایدات پوست، در مطالعات آتی پیشنهاد گردید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Supplemental Glutathione Improves Post-Thaw Quality of Holstein Bulls Sperm in a Nanomicelle based Extender
T. Nadri A. Towhidi S. Zeinoaldini G. Riazi M. Zhandi M. Sharafi -
Open Access Article
139 - نقش هورمون FSH در بقا، فعالسازی و رشد بیشترکشت آزمایشگاهی فولیکولهای بدوی گوسفند
ف. اسماعیل زاده س. م. حسینی م. حاجیان ز. نصیری م. چمنی م. امین افشار M.H. Nasr-Esfahani هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر هورمون FSH بر بقا، فعالسازی و رشد بیشتر کشت آزمایشگاهی فولیکولهای بدوی گوسفند با استفاده از مطالعات بافتشناسی است. قطعات قشری بافت تخمدان در دو گروه کنترل کشتشده (محیط کشت MEM) و آزمایشی (محیط کشت پایه+هورمون FSH (غلظت ثابت 50ng/mL More هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر هورمون FSH بر بقا، فعالسازی و رشد بیشتر کشت آزمایشگاهی فولیکولهای بدوی گوسفند با استفاده از مطالعات بافتشناسی است. قطعات قشری بافت تخمدان در دو گروه کنترل کشتشده (محیط کشت MEM) و آزمایشی (محیط کشت پایه+هورمون FSH (غلظت ثابت 50ng/mL )) به مدت شش روز کشت گردید. سپس قطعات کشت نشده و کشت شده برای ارزیابی مورفولوژیکی (در سه گروه) فرآوری شدند. همچنین اثر هورمون FSH بر قطر فولیکولها و اووسیتهای کشت شده بررسی گردید. نتایج نشان داد که پس از شش روز کشت، کمترین و بیشترین درصد فولیکولهای نرمال و رشد کرده به ترتیب در گروههای کنترل کشت شده و آزمایشی به دست آمد. همچنین بیشترین افزایش قطر اووسیت و فولیکولهای نرمال در گروه آزمایشی با غلظت ثابت هورمون FSH (50ng/mL ) ملاحظه شد. بنابراین عامل FSH در روند تکوین، تداوم رشد و بقای فولیکولهای بدوی تخمدان گوسفند نقش مؤثری دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Effect of Gradual and Shock Chilling Stress on Abscisic Acid, Soluble Sugars and Antioxidant Enzymes Changes in ‘Sultana’ Grapevine.
Shima Sadat Beheshti Rooy Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh Mehdi Ghabooli Mansour Gholami Ehsan Mohsenifard Rouhollah Karimi -
Open Access Article
141 - Investigating the Moral Philosophy in Ferdowsi's Shāhnāmeh Based on the Theory of Divine Command
Hajar Amiri Kolahjoobi Isa Najafi khalil BaygzadeThe theory of divine command is one of the ancient theories of the moral philosophy and the discussion of the relation between ethics and religion. Its history goes back to the debate between Socrates and Oti fern. In the present age, the crisis of spirituality, moralit MoreThe theory of divine command is one of the ancient theories of the moral philosophy and the discussion of the relation between ethics and religion. Its history goes back to the debate between Socrates and Oti fern. In the present age, the crisis of spirituality, morality, human rights, as well as the issue of globalization and cultural transformation, and the challenge of the identity of the nations are the dominant discourses and and concerns of human beings. Therefore, religion and morality have received much more attention once again. As a result, serious attention is once again paid to religion and ethics, and the need to pay attention to indigenous theories that are compatible with the culture of society becomes important. Different interpretations of the theory of the divine order can be sought and studied in the opinions and thoughts of philosophers and thinkers of different eras. Therefore, this research uses the analytical-comparative method and relies upon library studies to analyze Ferdowsi's philosophical ideology in the field of religion and ethics, and to investigating its practical results in illustrating the status and rights of human being in his individual, social, political life, as well as to compare his thoughts with the interpretations of the theory of the divine order. In addition, the study compares Ferdowsi's thoughts with the interpretations of the theory of the Divine command. By introducing Ferdowsi as a great theorist in the areas of moral and political philosophy who has the view of divine wisdom and God-centered moral life, his thought could be considered as a new interpretation of the theory of the divine command. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - A Study of the Conditions and Benefits of Conversation and Companionship in Rumi's Masnavi
Ali soleimaniMolavi uses many associations in the Masnavi and goes from one subject to another. This has caused one of the most frequent and important mystical topics of the Masnavi, that is, "conversation and companionship" and the virtues of seekers and the benefits that Rumi enum MoreMolavi uses many associations in the Masnavi and goes from one subject to another. This has caused one of the most frequent and important mystical topics of the Masnavi, that is, "conversation and companionship" and the virtues of seekers and the benefits that Rumi enumerates for companionship with divine saints, to not be investigated very precisely. In this research, we are looking to investigate this issue by collecting scattered verses on the subject of conversing and companionship in the Masnavi and analyzing them based on the Masnavi itself, relying on intratextual signs and situational context. However, due to the fact that the review of six books of the Masnavi is beyond the scope of this article, only the first and second books are examined. Through this research, we found out that Rumi pursues a certain intellectual and meaningful unity and coherence in the matter of conversation and companionship of seekers with divine saints, despite the "chattering of words" and this is evident from the order of the discussions and the contents of the topic of conversation. Expressing the types of companionship and parting and mentioning several virtues such as patience and surrender, paying attention to the words of parents and acting on them, not holding grudges, continuous effort, expressing need and humility, avoiding the idea of perfection, etc. for conversation and companionship of the seekers with the divines and also bringing many benefits of these companionships -such as transformation of the senses, freedom from appearance, freedom from the confusion of the way of progressing, freedom from the devil, breaking the lust and leaning, freedom from the world and worldly pleasures, freedom from the selfishness and machinations. It is indicative of this order and coherence of thought and meaning could be found in the Masnavi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - The Survey of Bovine Theileriosis in Borujerd Township
H. Vosughi R. GoodarziThis study was performed during the one year period, from March 21st 2011 to 2012, for detection v infection rate of Theileriosis in Borujerd township, and 860 cows were tested (220 samples in each season). First, the data related to every cow was recorded in a questio MoreThis study was performed during the one year period, from March 21st 2011 to 2012, for detection v infection rate of Theileriosis in Borujerd township, and 860 cows were tested (220 samples in each season). First, the data related to every cow was recorded in a questionnaire. Second, all cows were clinically examined and the positive cases which had Lymphadenitis, icterus in the vaginal mucosa and eye, fever, constipation, hyperpnea, diarrhea, coughing, watery eyes and mouth were distinguished and depleted from ear and forthwith were fixed by ethyl alcohol. Last, the blood smears samples were stained by Giemsa method and tested from view point of presence of piroplasmosis figures. To sum up, 536 of the 860 samples (62.32%) were positive and there were significant differences between male and female (P≤0.05). The most amount of infection was in spring (52.23%) and the least was in winter (0.93%) (P≤0.05).The most of infection rate was in over three years old cows (71.26%) and the least was in under one years old cows (3.54%) (P≤0.05). Manuscript profile -
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144 - The Political Thought of Darius the Great (522- 486 B.C.), the Legislator of Achaemenid Empire (A Study Based on Achaemenid Inscriptions in Old Persian)
Awat Abbasi -
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145 - Study of interaction between the anti-tumor complex of zinc(II) containing Schiff base ligand with human and bovine serum albumin
somaye shahraki fatemeh khosraviDue to the growing interest of researchers in the synthesis of new chemical compounds that have diverse medicinal properties, in this study, the interaction of the complex of [Zn(SBL)2]Cl2 (SBL = Schiff base ligand 2(-iminoethyl)piperazine diacetyl monoxime) with human MoreDue to the growing interest of researchers in the synthesis of new chemical compounds that have diverse medicinal properties, in this study, the interaction of the complex of [Zn(SBL)2]Cl2 (SBL = Schiff base ligand 2(-iminoethyl)piperazine diacetyl monoxime) with human and bovine serum albumin proteins (HSA and BSA) in tris-buffer medium was investigated by spectroscopic methods. The results for both complexes were almost identical, as fluorescence spectroscopy showed that the inherent fluorescence quenching of both proteins is due to the interaction of the zinc complex through a static quenching mechanism. The zinc complex interacted with both proteins with almost the same affinity. Thermodynamic parameters showed the contribution of hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions, but the role of hydrophobic interactions is not insignificant due to the presence of the imine group in the complex structure and the small amount of ∆S. Structural changes during the interaction of zinc complex with two proteins were investigated by synchronous‎ fluorescence methods as well as circular dichroism. The results of synchronous‎ ‎ fluorescence showed that during the interaction of the complex with proteins no noticeable polarity change occurred around the tryptophan residue while around the tyrosine residue the polarity changed. The study of circular dichroism spectroscopy also shows a decrease in the content of the alpha helix in both complexes. The results of this study confirm that the interaction of the zinc complex in both proteins is almost similar, so sometimes in pharmacological studies it can be used instead of human protein from its animal family. Manuscript profile -
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146 - Preparation and identification of 4- benzenesulfonamidethiophenol grafted on silver nanoparticles and binding studies with calf thymus DNA, human serum albumin and bovin serum albumin using spectroscopic and molecular docking methods
fereshteh amiri marziyeh sadeghi tahreh shokriIn this article, silver nanoparticles capped with 4- benzenesulfonamideaminothiophenol (BSATP-AgNP) were synthesized. The formation of synthesized nanoparticles was characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, TEM, and NMR. The interactions between the silver nanop MoreIn this article, silver nanoparticles capped with 4- benzenesulfonamideaminothiophenol (BSATP-AgNP) were synthesized. The formation of synthesized nanoparticles was characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, TEM, and NMR. The interactions between the silver nanoparticles with calf-thymus DNA, human serum albumin (HAS) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dicroism (CD) spectroscopy, viscosity measurements, and molecular docking studies. Circular dicroism data showed that binding of BSATP-AgNPs to DNA resulted in changes in the structure and conformation of DNA. This indicates a minor groove mode of binding. Fluorimeteric studies showed a decrease in fluorescence intensity of the BSATP-AgNPs in the presence of increasing amounts of DNA solution. The results of CD data indicate that the conformation of HSA and BSA molecules is changed significantly in the presence of BSATP-AgNPs. The negative ΔH and ΔS values indicate that the main interactions between BSATP-AgNPs and HSA were hydrogen bonding and weak van der Waals forces. The results of the site marker competitive experiment confirmed that the BSATP AgNPs can bind to HSA located within site I (subdomain IIA) and BSA within site II. The experimental results were in agreement with the results obtained via a molecular docking study. This study provided important insight into the interaction of BSATP-AgNPs with DNA and serum albumin, facilitating further investigation on the pharmacological behavior of BSATP-AgNPs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - The emergence of divine affairs in man from the point of view of Origen of Alexandria and Feyz Kashani
Nastaran Fahimi alireza ebrahim Zahra Hoseini hamidOrigenes of Alexandria and Feyz Kashani are two influential figures in Christian and Shiite theology, respectively, who have offered special views on the relationship between God and man. These two have a background in philosophical, theological and mystical studies and MoreOrigenes of Alexandria and Feyz Kashani are two influential figures in Christian and Shiite theology, respectively, who have offered special views on the relationship between God and man. These two have a background in philosophical, theological and mystical studies and have devoted themselves to the interpretation of the Bible and the Qur'an. This article, which is presented in a descriptive-comparative manner, examines the "emergence of divine things in man" from the perspective of the two. Origen and Grace believe that all human beings, especially Jesus Christ (the Son) and the Caliph of God, are God's creatures and that all divine attributes, except eternity and eternity, are transmitted to them. Also, other human beings can manifest many divine attributes through Christ or the Caliph of God. In this regard, loving Jesus or the Caliph of God is a means of transmitting divine attributes to man. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Soluk from the Perspective of Ibn al-Farez
Amir Hossein RasoulniaSoluk (spiritual journey) is one of the most important issues in mysticism. Each mystic has his own interpretation of suluk. One of the most famous Arabic poets is Ibn al-Farez (Umar ibn Alī ibn al-Fārid), 576-632 AH, known as Sultān al-Āshegin, who is a great mystic an MoreSoluk (spiritual journey) is one of the most important issues in mysticism. Each mystic has his own interpretation of suluk. One of the most famous Arabic poets is Ibn al-Farez (Umar ibn Alī ibn al-Fārid), 576-632 AH, known as Sultān al-Āshegin, who is a great mystic and a man of letters. Ibn al-Farez has established his mysticism based on love; he continually speaks of divine wine and believes that Love is the most important subject in the world and the greatest motivation for transcendence of man. The present article tries to examine suluk in Ibn al-Farez's works from literary and mystical points of view and to study four stages of "sensual observation", "sensual experience", "direct vision by heart" and "spiritual observation" in his thoughts. The results show that he uses the symbols for exposition of soluk and only Muslim mystics can understand his explanations about symbols. Manuscript profile -
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149 - The Wise Fools (Uqalā al-Majānin) and Sufis; A Study Based on the Views of Ibn Arabi and Ayn al-Quzat
Ali Rahimi Hatef Siahkoohian Jamshid sadriIn mystical texts, the abrogation of Islamic Laws by wise fools (Uqalā al-majānin) is one of the most frequent issues that has been interpreted in various ways. By using descriptive- analytic method, the present article attempts to explain the theoretical approaches of MoreIn mystical texts, the abrogation of Islamic Laws by wise fools (Uqalā al-majānin) is one of the most frequent issues that has been interpreted in various ways. By using descriptive- analytic method, the present article attempts to explain the theoretical approaches of Sufis about the abrogation of the Islamic Laws by wise fools and to recognize the causes of it from their point of view. An attempt is made to answer these questions: In mystical anthropology, which human faculty is related to Islamic Laws? If the intellectual faculty declines, is there any other faculty related to these Laws? Considering the fact that the wise fools have a kind of intellect, can they be considered as obligated to enforce Islamic Laws like other wise men? The findings of the study show that the Sufis believe that the wise fools receive Divine inspirations and experience a state of intoxication and these spiritual modes justify their behavior. According to some Sufi theories, the decline of intellect and consequently the abrogation of Islamic Laws is a gift from God; and some Sufis consider the intoxication state of a wise fool as constant praying. The aim of the research is to study the reasons for the abrogation of Islamic Laws by wise fools from the point of view of Sufis, especially Ibn Arabi and Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani. Manuscript profile -
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150 - Seir Al Ibad Ila Al Ma’ād and Divine Comedy: A Comparative Study
بهجت السادات حجازی Divine Comedy composed by Dante Alighieri (1265 –1321) is considered to be the greatest literary work in the Italian language and a masterpiece of world literature. On the surface the book describes Dante's journey through Hell, Purgatory, and Para More Divine Comedy composed by Dante Alighieri (1265 –1321) is considered to be the greatest literary work in the Italian language and a masterpiece of world literature. On the surface the book describes Dante's journey through Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise but at a deeper level it allegorically represents the soul's journey towards God. It has been said that The Book of Arda Viraf, The Epistle of Forgiveness (Risālat al-ghufrān by Abul Ala Maarri), The Gospel and Iliad of Homer had left impression on Dante. Also, Sanā'ī Ghaznavi (died around 1131), Persian Sufi poet, in his work, “Seir Al Ibad Ila Al Ma’ad”, speaks about spiritual journey and the world of Divinity. The present article, by studying the similarities and differences between the two works, tries to discover if Seir Al Ibad Ila Al Ma’ad is the forerunner of Divine Comedy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Study of Love: From God to Man
SeidHosein HoseiniThe main subject of this article is methodical analysis of love with regard to Masnavi Manavi. The author, with paying attention to the doctrines of Quran and the deeds and words of Mouhammad and the 12 Imams, tries to consider the subject of love in the relationship of MoreThe main subject of this article is methodical analysis of love with regard to Masnavi Manavi. The author, with paying attention to the doctrines of Quran and the deeds and words of Mouhammad and the 12 Imams, tries to consider the subject of love in the relationship of God and man. On this basis, for analysing the meaning and concept of ‘love’ and reaching a stable ‘study of love’, it is required to move from ‘study of God’ to ‘study of man’. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - A Jungian and Mystical approach to Divine Grace
علی محمد پشتدار محمدرضا عباسپور خرمالو Almost all religions and schisms believe that man has extrasensory powers, but the most important question is how it can be obtained. Islamic mystics, especially Mohammad Lahiji (d. 912/1506), commenter of Shabestari's Golshan-e Rāz, offer a way to obtain t More Almost all religions and schisms believe that man has extrasensory powers, but the most important question is how it can be obtained. Islamic mystics, especially Mohammad Lahiji (d. 912/1506), commenter of Shabestari's Golshan-e Rāz, offer a way to obtain this power and mystical state (maqām). They want the holy travelers (salek) to purify their hearts and, as a result, acquire the Divine grace (karamat). Carl Gustav Jung, A Christian psychiatrist, with respect to notions of conscious and unconscious, also, proposes the possibility of achieving extrasensory powers. In this paper, the ways of gaining extrasensory powers in order to acquire Divine grace will be discussed from psychological and mystical points of view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Time in Islamic Mysticism
مرتضی شجاری According to the Islamic theologians, time is an illusory concept, and the Muslim philosophers argue that time is the measure of motion. But the Islamic mystics believe that time is related to soul, the soul that is divine and blessed. If the mystic seeks n More According to the Islamic theologians, time is an illusory concept, and the Muslim philosophers argue that time is the measure of motion. But the Islamic mystics believe that time is related to soul, the soul that is divine and blessed. If the mystic seeks nearness to God, he will be everlasting. From this point of view, there is not any past and future, and the soul is immortal. The holly traveler (sālek) is seeking nearness to God and wants to set free from the time, which is possible only with Divine love, when the Soul is filled with God. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - Rābiah and Metaphor
قدمعلی سراّمی مهری تلخابی Rābiah al-Adawiyya al-Qaysiyya or Rābiah al-Basrī (717-801), the first Muslim female Sufi saint, had a profound influence on later Sufis. She was the first to set forth the doctrine of Divine Love. In her unorthodox approach, she explores the na More Rābiah al-Adawiyya al-Qaysiyya or Rābiah al-Basrī (717-801), the first Muslim female Sufi saint, had a profound influence on later Sufis. She was the first to set forth the doctrine of Divine Love. In her unorthodox approach, she explores the narcissistic symptoms and the Divine Love. The present article tries to show that, as in her case, tendency towards mysticism can be a result of alienation from worldly affairs. Manuscript profile -
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155 - Knowledge from Ayn-al-Qużāt Hamedānī's Point of View
مرتضی شجاری According to Ayn-al-Quzāt Hamedānī (1098–1131), the Islamic mystic, God emanates knowledge to the heart of the mystic. But the "acquired knowledge", like physics, mathematics and theology is necessary for this divine knowledge. He explains that the relatio More According to Ayn-al-Quzāt Hamedānī (1098–1131), the Islamic mystic, God emanates knowledge to the heart of the mystic. But the "acquired knowledge", like physics, mathematics and theology is necessary for this divine knowledge. He explains that the relationship between reason and meta-reason is like the relationship between the body and the soul. As the body without the soul begins to decline, the reason of non-mystics without the meta-reason, the divine knowledge, corrupts. Ayn-al-Quzāt distinguishs between the heart and the soul and believes that the heart is Divine Throne, and the man who knows his heart, knows the Lord. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - "Wisdom Mads" in Masnavi Manavi
هاتف سیاهکوهیان In the Islamic tradition, Bohlool is the symbol of "wisdom mad". He was a well known judge and scholar, and companion of the Imām Musa al-Kadhimin. According to the Imam's order he acted insanely inorder to save his own life. Nevertheless, people acknowledged hi More In the Islamic tradition, Bohlool is the symbol of "wisdom mad". He was a well known judge and scholar, and companion of the Imām Musa al-Kadhimin. According to the Imam's order he acted insanely inorder to save his own life. Nevertheless, people acknowledged his superior wisdom and excellence. In Persian Literature, many of his stories are narrated and have been inspiring for Persian poets. Mowlānā Jalāl-al Din Balkhi, in his Masnavi Manavi, has referred to this character and narrated some stories about "wisdom mads". In this article, with regard to the Book II of Masnavi Manavi and the story of Zu'l Nun, a mystic that acted mad, the personality of this character is studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - Fear and Hope in Dante's Divine Comedy and Islamic Mysticism: A Comparative Study
Mohammad Ebrāhim Mālmir Sudābeh Farhādi Ayyub OmidiBy comparing Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy and Islamic mysticism (including its Quranic, discursive and literary foundations), it is possible to find many common issues between their epistemological foundations. The present article attempts to consider the state of fe MoreBy comparing Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy and Islamic mysticism (including its Quranic, discursive and literary foundations), it is possible to find many common issues between their epistemological foundations. The present article attempts to consider the state of fear and hope in the preface of Inferno (the first part of Divine Comedy) and Islamic mysticism by using analytic-comparative method. The results indicate that the cantos of Inferno, like Islamic mysticism, refer to the need of a wise old man (pir-e dānā) in the spiritual journey, following him in the beginning of suluk (the spiritual journey) to reach rational knowledge, going along with him after helplessness and the inability of reason to attain the Truth. But, in Inferno, contrary to Islamic mysticism, the concept of fear is prominent, love is seen less and fear of punishment is more prominent than fear of God's cunning. The reason for these differences is that Dante was influenced by the teachings of the Church; he was scared of God and was obliged by religious laws. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - The Deep Structure Analysis of the "Daughter of Vine" Metaphor Based on Hāfez's Poetry
alireza mozafari parisa habibiThe aim of present article is considering the deep structure of a metaphor, the metaphor of the daughter of vine, in poems of Persian poets, especially poems of Hāfez regarding mythological, historical-cultural, psychological and aesthetic point of view. For attaining t MoreThe aim of present article is considering the deep structure of a metaphor, the metaphor of the daughter of vine, in poems of Persian poets, especially poems of Hāfez regarding mythological, historical-cultural, psychological and aesthetic point of view. For attaining this aim, it is necessary to notice the cultural and social functions of metaphor in prehistoric ages, the role of myth in the process of formation of metaphor, as well as similarities between wine and feminine elements. The article consists of four chapters: mythology, history and culture, psychology and aesthetics. The research shows that there are inseparable connections between the feminine elements and wine in Iranian culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - Divine Birth and Death in Masnavi
mohammad mohammadpour navide bazargan amir hosein mahoziScholars believe that man has two kinds of birth: 1) formal and 2) the second or spiritual birth. The spiritual birth, which is also called divine birth and wedding of eternity, is one of the foundations of mysticism of Mulānā Jalāl-al Din Rumī. Like the mystics who bel MoreScholars believe that man has two kinds of birth: 1) formal and 2) the second or spiritual birth. The spiritual birth, which is also called divine birth and wedding of eternity, is one of the foundations of mysticism of Mulānā Jalāl-al Din Rumī. Like the mystics who believe to expansion and intoxication, he speaks about loving death and considers it as a state of human evolution, in which one moves from realm of multiplicity and world of nature to realm of unity and world of divine. According to Rumī, the spiritual birth depends on faith, spiritual fatherhood and love. On the basis of the anecdotes of Masnavi Manvi, the present article tries to explain different kinds of birth, factors affecting volitional death, state, features, ways and benefits of this kind of death. Manuscript profile -
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160 - Karāmat and Its Functions in the Early Islamic Mystical Texts
Seyyed Jalāl Mousavi Many of states and moods in the way of reaching the Reality, in mystical texts, are viewed as a veil that prevents the holy traveler (sālek). In the present article, the views of mystics concerning extra-ordinary events are considered. There are three approaches More Many of states and moods in the way of reaching the Reality, in mystical texts, are viewed as a veil that prevents the holy traveler (sālek). In the present article, the views of mystics concerning extra-ordinary events are considered. There are three approaches to extra-ordinary events: legitimate, mystical and the third one which tries to discover and explain the concept of Divine grace (karāmat). The first approach wants to coordinate karāmat and miracle and believes that the function of miracle is to confirm the mission of a prophet. In the mystical approach, karāmat is supposed to be a veiling, and the sālek is forbidden from it. But the holder of the third approach, without any idealism, has a positive view about karāmat and explains karāmat and its functions with respect to states in which the mystics are in. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Isolation of Staphylococcus simulans, a lysostaphin-producing organism, from bovine mastitis and its identification based on 16S rRNA sequencing method
Sajjad Yazdan Setad Majid Moghbeli Hatef AjoudanifarBackground and Objectives: S. simulans is a gram-positive cocci that can be isolated from skin and urine, as well as some clinical samples in human and animals, such as bovine mastitis. The present study was aimed to isolate and identify S. simulans, a lys MoreBackground and Objectives: S. simulans is a gram-positive cocci that can be isolated from skin and urine, as well as some clinical samples in human and animals, such as bovine mastitis. The present study was aimed to isolate and identify S. simulans, a lysostaphin-producing organism, from bovine mastitis and to test therapeutic property of this species against the staphylococcal infections. Materials and Methods: This cross- sectional study was done on the collected samples from breast of the cows afflicted to mastitis in Damghan, Semnan Province. The samples were cultured on nutrient agar and were examined based on Gram staining and biochemical tests. Then, the genomic DNA of the samples suspected for S. simulans were extracted. The accurate identification of the bacteria and tracking of lysostaphin gene were evaluated by using PCR and sequencing. Results: One out of 61 gram-positive isolated cocci from bovine mastitis samples was detected as S. simulans. This result was verified using 16S rRNA sequencing. Conclusion: This study is the first report of isolation of S. simulans, a lysostsphin-producing organism, from bovine mastitis. This species is potentially useful for extraction of lysostsphin which is applied for treatment of the infections caused by antibiotic resistance bacteria. Manuscript profile -
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162 - Translation Criticism of God's Names
Farzaneh TajabadiThe process of message transmitting from the source language to the target language is always difficult, and undoubtedly, translation difficulty level of sacred texts, such as the Quran, is twofold. Considering the nature of the translation, it is not expected of any Qu MoreThe process of message transmitting from the source language to the target language is always difficult, and undoubtedly, translation difficulty level of sacred texts, such as the Quran, is twofold. Considering the nature of the translation, it is not expected of any Quran's translator to present exact re-creation of the meaning and message of the Quran in target language. Just because of that, different experts as linguists and translation critics should identify and examine mistakes and errors which translators of the Quran encounter, to propose a practical solution. One of the major problems in the Quran's Persian contemporary translations is to select an equivalent for divine names and attributes used frequently in the text of the Quran. This study aimed to identify these fallacies through a survey of ten Quran's contemporary translations chosen from Noor software database randomly. For this purpose, translation of 15 items of divine names and attributes were discussed from the linguistic point of view. In order to increase the validity of the results, names with a high frequency in text were selected. A close view of all the details shows that the most obvious mistakes made in the translation of the divine names and attributes in Persian are: lack of consistency; the non-observance of the consistency in translating the names in verses with similar syntactical and thematic structures; the use of difficult and obsolete equivalents; ignoring the emotional load of the verse in choosing the equivalent; word omission (ellipsis); not paying attention to the lexical and syntactical structure of the word in Arabic language and so on. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - The Effect of The Doctrine of intercession on Moral and Social behavior According to Mulla Sadra’s Theory and Quran Verses
-- -- -- -- -- --The aim of the article is to investigate the effect of the doctrine of intercession on moral and social behavior based on the opinion of Mulla Sadra and the Quranic verses that Descriptive method and document analysis was done using library tools. Based on Quranic verse MoreThe aim of the article is to investigate the effect of the doctrine of intercession on moral and social behavior based on the opinion of Mulla Sadra and the Quranic verses that Descriptive method and document analysis was done using library tools. Based on Quranic verses and opinion The thought of "Sadr al-Mutalahin Shirazi", the issue of intercession based on the principle of the possibility of divine favors, a ray of light from the Holy Prophet The world of possibilities by means of the possibility of existence is exalted to the possibilities of the self in the course of degrees and downward arc to the beyond of intellects, souls and natures.It spreads all over and in the series of return from: Prophets, Saints and Scholars, it is manifested on the nature of souls and minds until in this process, in the form of Ethical behavior should emerge on human action in human society and the field of excellence and mental and practical evolution for making style Life is based on the standard of divine values. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - The Possibility for Combinatory Approach in Semantics of Divine Attributes
قدرت الله قربانیThere are some different approaches regarding semantics of divine attributes that try to speak about God meaninfully. Some of them are included of anthropomorphicism, negativism, symbolic language, analogical predicate, functional language and gradual predicate. From th MoreThere are some different approaches regarding semantics of divine attributes that try to speak about God meaninfully. Some of them are included of anthropomorphicism, negativism, symbolic language, analogical predicate, functional language and gradual predicate. From them, gradual predicate approach has more capabilities. Each of these approaches have their own function regarding recognizing divine attributes, but none of them are able to render the most complete knowledge about divine complicated attributes which can be contact and speak with such a God meaningfully. Combinatory approach, by using the merits of mentioned approaches and avoiding of their defects, tries to get more acceptable and logical understanding of divine attributesa and ways to speak with God. In fact, this approach tries to speak with divine attributes by considering dividing them into metaphysical and non-metaphysical (namely Humanly attributes), and dividing the latter ones into moral and non-moral (like Power and Knowledge) attributes, and also through dividing divine attributes to positive and negative, attributes of the essence and acts, and based on these divisions and people’s different stages of understanding and plurality of lingueistic function. Since people’s uniderstanding are not the same as researches and philosophers or gnostics which shows more necessity of combinatory approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - An Analysis of the Epistemological Value of Divine Innate Knowledgee
Seyyed Jaaber MousaviradFinding an epistemological basis divine for innate knowledge of God is an important issue which various theories have been proposed on. The most important theories about the nature and epistemological basis of this divine innate knowledge are: A: Innate knowledge means MoreFinding an epistemological basis divine for innate knowledge of God is an important issue which various theories have been proposed on. The most important theories about the nature and epistemological basis of this divine innate knowledge are: A: Innate knowledge means the clarity of the theoretical argument for the existence of God. B: There is a correlation between the desire for God and the objective existence of God. C: The concept of God is one of the innate concepts. D primordial natural knowledge is a logical self-evident proposition. E: Innate knowledge is an obvious affirmation that arises from the quality of human creation; F: Innate knowledge means knowledge in presence of God. In this article, these theories are examined and finally it is proved that only on the basis of knowledge in presence an epistemological basis for innate theology can be found and the rest of the theories and foundations have their own drawbacks. The base of the innate knowledge is that just as man finds his own existence, attributes, and subjective states, so he intuitively will be able to find the existence of God. However, this epistemological basis can also be accepted only if we say that the knowledge of God in presence does not require the unity of the knower (man) and the known (God). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - Rereading of javadi Amoli’s theory on religious science in the light of Allameh Tabatabaei’s thought
Mohammad Reza Asadi Seyyed Saeid LawasaniAyatollah Javadi Amoli’s theory on the religious knowledge is one of the most significant theories articulated in recent decades. Whether we agree or disagree with the elements of this theory entirely, it is inevitable for the scholars to analyze and speculate its MoreAyatollah Javadi Amoli’s theory on the religious knowledge is one of the most significant theories articulated in recent decades. Whether we agree or disagree with the elements of this theory entirely, it is inevitable for the scholars to analyze and speculate its contexts. This theory illustrates the shortcomings of modern sciences, specifying the pillars of religious knowledge. This theory is based on three principles: science unavoidably is bounded by the philosophical presuppositions; the sciences are separated from each other by their subjects; and the intellect is one of the resources of religion and of the religious sciences. The important thing which has been mostly neglected is that although this theory is new and creative, but his theory and principles are rooted in Allameh Tabatabai’s intellectual school. This article attempts to explain this issue and to illustrate how Allameh Tabatabai has influenced Ayatollah Javadi Amoli. At this article, three principles of the theory will be explained while its critics are deferred to another article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - Divine and Evil Inspiration from the Viewpoint of Mullā Sadrā
سیدصدرالدین طاهری منا فریدی خورشیدیHuman spirit in his trans-substantial and intensifying motion toward ascending ark (qaws su‘ūdi) goes up to a level in which he deserves to receive some kinds of internal impulses (khawatir). These internal impulses are divided into two types: some of them come fr MoreHuman spirit in his trans-substantial and intensifying motion toward ascending ark (qaws su‘ūdi) goes up to a level in which he deserves to receive some kinds of internal impulses (khawatir). These internal impulses are divided into two types: some of them come from God which are revealed to man’s heart and are called divine inspiration (ilhām) and others come from evil sources and are called evil inspiration or temptation (ilqā’). Divine inspiration occurs either through a mediator or directly and without mediator. Therefore, the mediated inspiration are mediated or explained by a mediator, usually an angel. Ilqā’, the exact opposite of ilhām, is a demonic inspiration. The straggle between angelic and demonic forces, in man’s heart, is an unending straggle. Dhikr (reciting the names of God) pushes the demonic forces away so the angelic ones will become dominant. It happens when all forces of man’s soul completely cooperate with each other, under the dominance of Divine Power (quwwa qudsīya). But when man’s soul engages in sensual desires and ignores God’s remembering the estimative faculty (quwwa wahmīya) will become dominant and it provides an opportunity for demonic forces. This straggle will continue until one side triumph over the other. However, in most people, because of the dominance of sensual desires, evil forces will become victorious. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - Investigation and Analysis of the Attributes of People of the Book and the Holy Quran’s Way of Interacting with Them with Emphasis on the Zahravin Surahs
Zahra Aghababaei Hossin Moradi Mohammad Hossin Saeibi Frhad EdrisiBaqarah and Al-Imran surahs (Surahs of Zahravin) have the most verses related to interaction with people of the book. In these surahs, God mentions only one religion for all generations, the religion of Islam. In this era, which is the age of interaction with other divi MoreBaqarah and Al-Imran surahs (Surahs of Zahravin) have the most verses related to interaction with people of the book. In these surahs, God mentions only one religion for all generations, the religion of Islam. In this era, which is the age of interaction with other divine religions, the investigation of this issue is of special importance. This research investigates and analyzes interaction with people of the book in the Qur'an, with an emphasis on the Zahravin surahs, with descriptive and analytical methods analyzing the books of Quranic sciences and the interpretations of Fariqin. According to the findings of this research, the principle in the Holy Quran is unity and solidarity under the shadow of faith in one God, negation of any kind of polytheism and division, and faith in all prophets and holy books and angels, or stated in other words, faith in the only religion of Islam. But, the people of the book have acted differently, in contrast to this order of God in Quran, and thus the way of interacting with them will also be different. Some of them should be treated peacefully, some should be ordered to pay jeziya, and others should not be interacted with, or should even be fought with. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - Assessment of the adaptability of 50 Russian grapevine varieties in Iran by Genotype & genotype × environment interaction Biplot (GGE Biplot) method
valiollah rasoli Hame Dolati BanehThis study was carried out to adaptability evaluation of the 50 grapevine varieties introduced from Russia from 2008 to 2013 in the Qazvin and Urmia provinces. The experimental design was randomized complete block design with three replications. Three superior grapevine MoreThis study was carried out to adaptability evaluation of the 50 grapevine varieties introduced from Russia from 2008 to 2013 in the Qazvin and Urmia provinces. The experimental design was randomized complete block design with three replications. Three superior grapevine clones of white Bidaneh were as control in both areas. The Corden bilateral training system was used in 2×3.5 m space planning and two vines in each experimental unit in the both areas. Recorded traits were: yield per plant, length and width of berry, total soluble solids of juice (TSS), juice pH, juice titratable acid (TA) and time of harvest. Combined analysis of variance and adaptability analysis was performed on the base of GGE Biplot principal components analysis of the environment scaling method. Statistical analysis was done by GenStat ver.12 computer software. The effects of the environments, varieties and environments × varieties were significant in the combined analysis of variance. The adaptability of Zenbil 13-366 and Ljana was higher than other varieties on the base of yield components in Qazvin. Ruski Ramphi had higher adaptability than other varieties in Urmia region. Yoski biser, Bobili magaracha and Ramphi Izdangareh had the most inappropriate situation on the base of yield components in two areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - Genetic diversity and path analysis of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) yield components in different environmental conditions
V. Rasoli E. Farshadfar J. AhmadiAbstract Yield components and genetic contribution in final yield have important roles in crop plants breeding programs. For this purpose, 20 varieties of grapevines with Russia origin were evaluated in Urmia and Takestan research station (under full irrigation and dro MoreAbstract Yield components and genetic contribution in final yield have important roles in crop plants breeding programs. For this purpose, 20 varieties of grapevines with Russia origin were evaluated in Urmia and Takestan research station (under full irrigation and drought stress). This research was performed in randomized complete block design with three replications and three plants in each plot in 2012. Number of cluster per plant, number of berry per cluster, berry weight and yield per plants were recorded. Compound and logarithmic analysis of variance, genotype and environmental interaction effects were estimated by multiplicative three environmental and genotypic elements. Results of path analysis indicated that the number of cluster per plant had the highest genetic contribution in final yield and the most sensitivity and variation in different environments. Direct effect of the number of cluster per plant in final yield (0.61) was higher than direct effect of the number of berry per cluster (0.48) and berry weight (0.30). Path coefficient of number of cluster per plant value was higher than path coefficient berry per cluster and berry weight.Therefore, the sequence of manifestation of yield components was number of cluster per plant, number of berry per cluster and berry weight, respectively. Environmental components of interaction effects indicated that absolute value of number of cluster per plant was higher than number of berry per cluster and berry weight. This indicated higher sensitivity of number of cluster per plant in different environments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - Stress-metabolite Stilbenoids in Vine Trunk of Ojaleshi Grape Variety (Vitis vinifera L.) under Crown Gall Infection
Marine Bezhuashvili Luigi Bavaresco Shorena Kharadze Magda Surguladze Giorgi Shoshiashvili Levan Gagunashvili Lali Elanidze Paata Vashakidze -
Open Access Article
172 - Laboratory Evaluation of the Effect of Common Snacks Consumption on Oral Saliva pH
Farzaneh Shirani Hassan Mollahasani Mohammadreza Malekipour Maryam Rahmatizadeh -
Open Access Article
173 - Identification of Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) in Holstein Dairy Cattle by DNA Test
مهدی خسروی محمدرضا نصیری امیررضا پریزادهBovine Leukosis that is established by leukemia virus. an exogenous C-type oncovirus in the Retroviridae family, is one of the diseases that can infect various animal species naturally or experimentally. 175 blood samples were supplied form Holstein of dairy cattle. Gen MoreBovine Leukosis that is established by leukemia virus. an exogenous C-type oncovirus in the Retroviridae family, is one of the diseases that can infect various animal species naturally or experimentally. 175 blood samples were supplied form Holstein of dairy cattle. Genomic DNA was extracted from 100 andmu;l of blood samples according to Boom, R. et al. (1989) method that modified by Shaikhaev (1995). Gel monitoring and spectrophotometric methods were used for detection of DNA quantity and quality. In standard PCR reactions primers gag1 and gag2 amplified a 347 bp fragment from the polymorphic region of BLV gene. Products of amplification were recognized by electrophoresis on 1.4% agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide.32(18.2%) cattle were positive. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - Identification of the Nematodes of Pratylenchidea Family associated with Pistachio and Vine Yards in Qom Province
مریم مولائی زهرا تنهامعافی علی اسکندریIn a study to identify the plant parasitic nematodes of pistachio and vine yards in Qom province, 125 soil samples were collected from different regions during 2008 and 2009. Nematodes were extracted from soil, fixed and processed to anhydrous glycerin, permanent slides MoreIn a study to identify the plant parasitic nematodes of pistachio and vine yards in Qom province, 125 soil samples were collected from different regions during 2008 and 2009. Nematodes were extracted from soil, fixed and processed to anhydrous glycerin, permanent slides were prepared from the fixed specimens. After microscopic consideration, the morphological and morphometric characters were studied, and identification was done based on these characters. A part of the identified species belonging to Pratylenchidae family including Pratylenchus thornei, P. neglectus and Zygotylenchus guevaraei are presented and their morphological and morphometric characteristics are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - The Investigation of Abundance and Population Density of Mountain Racerunner (Eremias montanus) at Meydan Mishan of Hamadan Provine of Iran
عماد رهبر نصرالله رستگارپویانی محمود کرمی علیرضا محمدیMany biological studies require the estimation of population density or population size are also needed to determine the size of specimens of species distribution pattern is used. So the purpose of this study that on the mountain racerunner at Alvand heights such as acc MoreMany biological studies require the estimation of population density or population size are also needed to determine the size of specimens of species distribution pattern is used. So the purpose of this study that on the mountain racerunner at Alvand heights such as accepted, determine the density and distribution pattern .this species is Thus only within a small Zagros Mountains in the provinces of Kermanshah and Hamadan has been reported, and a species is considered native to Iran. In this study, that from April to October 2010 while starting activity species after hibernation done, the study area to two A and B share .was the exact density of these methods line transect using the Hine estimate respectively 16.9 and 20.1 individuals per hectare and the estimated population of this species respectively 725 and 321 individuals was calculated. the most important factors in the difference density such Among areas of plant density, the pores and gaps, bait needed, slope and elevation was determined, the pattern of distribution of this species using chi-squared random obtained, using plot and test index of dispersion, chi-squared goodness of fitness and G-test of Williams distribution pattern cavities and prey was Random and distribution pattern plants was pile. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - The Study of the Structure and Activity of the Bovine Pancreatic Ribonuclease A in the Presence of Allopurinol
محمود نجفیان فرشید کفیل زاده سحر جانفشانBovine pancreatic ribonuclease A is an endoribonuclease. This enzyme cut chemical phosphodiesteric bond in a single stranded RNA with two steps reaction. The first step of this enzymatic reaction is transphosphorylation and the second step is hydrolysis. Allopurinol is MoreBovine pancreatic ribonuclease A is an endoribonuclease. This enzyme cut chemical phosphodiesteric bond in a single stranded RNA with two steps reaction. The first step of this enzymatic reaction is transphosphorylation and the second step is hydrolysis. Allopurinol is one the structural isomer of hypoxanthine (one of the natural purine) that inhibits xanthine oxidase so reduce production of uric acid and is one of the current drugs ingout treatment. This drug has a nucleotidic structure so may has an effect on the structure and activity of ribonuclease A. In attention to key role of RNase A in degredation of RAN for maintanace of cellular system equilibrium, it is necessarytoinvestigate the effect of different biological molecules and drugs on the activity of RNase A. So in this project we investigated the effect of different concentration of allopurinol on the activity and structure of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A .At first saturation curve of enzyme in the presence of cCMP is drawn. Then effect of allopurinol in the range of 0-1, 0-5 mM on the maximum rate of enzyme is investigated and saturation curve of enzyme in the presence of allopurinol is drawn. The results show that drug reduces activity of this enzyme in tested concentrations. Structural studies with ligand binding and CD prove the considerable change in enzyme. In general, we can say that allopurinol may inhibit activity of RNase A. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - Investigation of the Effects of Harmine Alkaloid on Bovine Oocyte in Vitro Maturation
Z. Hemmati M. Heydari Nasrabadi P. KhodarahmiIn vitro maturation of oocytes is the technique that can reduce costs and eliminate the side effects of the use of gonadotropins for in vitro fertilization. Conducting research on the development and improvement of in vitro culture conditions for human oocyte maturation MoreIn vitro maturation of oocytes is the technique that can reduce costs and eliminate the side effects of the use of gonadotropins for in vitro fertilization. Conducting research on the development and improvement of in vitro culture conditions for human oocyte maturation is very difficuly. The use domestic animals has provided the most advanced and best system to study the maturation of immature follicles in the laboratory. Due to the active ingredient in the harmine alkaloid with multiple pharmacological effects including anti-free radical, anti-inflammation and immune system, etc., the present study assesses the effects of harmine alkaloid on bovine oocyte maturation. In this study, at least three layers of cumulus oocytes aspirated from 2-8 mm follicles obtained from bovine ovaries from slaughterhouses after three washes in the washing environment were incubated for 22-24 hours in maturation environments with different concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 µg/ml of the alkaloid harmine at a temperature of 38.5 ° C with 5% carbon dioxide. After a while, the cumulus incubation was removed from surrounding eggs were removed and the release of polar corpuscle (maturity) was assessed. Results were evaluated using SPSS and ANOVA. Research results showed the positive impact of the alkaloid harmine at 1 µg/ml (p <0.05) such that the maturity of the groups treated with doses of 0.5, 1, 2.5 and 5 micrograms per milliliter were 59.85, 72.65, 64.34, and 37.22 percent, respectively, which was 56.93 percent in the control group. Adding 1 µg/ml of alkaloids harmine led to the maturity environment increased the maturation of the bovine oocytes, which can be used as a supplement in oocyte maturation environments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - A Study on the prevalence of Bovine Coccidiosis in some Dairy Farms at Alborz Province(Iran)
,S.Sh.R Shojaei ,A Shaghayegh ,A AhmadiCoccidiosis is one of the common intestinal infections in calves worldwide. Different Species of Eimeria protozoanscauses coccidiosis in dairy farms. These protozoa live in intestinal epithelial cells and its life cycle in intestine causessevere diarrhea in young calves MoreCoccidiosis is one of the common intestinal infections in calves worldwide. Different Species of Eimeria protozoanscauses coccidiosis in dairy farms. These protozoa live in intestinal epithelial cells and its life cycle in intestine causessevere diarrhea in young calves. 15 different Eimeria spp. Had been recognized around the world which E.bovis andE.zurnii are the most virulent.In this study, 3 dairy farm at Alborz province in Iran were studied.100 faecal samples were taken and after sporulationof those in 2.5% potassium bichromate presence of Eimerial oocysts were surveyed by using Flotation method suchas Clayton-Layn and Modifed Mc master techniques. The results showed that infection were only in calves, Meaninfection rate was 2%,which this rate is near the results of Razavi and colleagues studies in dairy farms of Shirazregion but is less than Yakhchali study in Sanandaj Province of Iran.All Positive calves in our study were under 3 months of age. The low infection rate in this study is related to animal’sage, individual characteristics and good management of farms, but the latter is probably more important. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Determination of the diagnostic value of positive and negative acute phase proteins of the milk as new and reliable biomarkers in bovine subclinical mastitis
S.H ShiraziBeheshtiha, V. Rabbani شهاب الدین Safi , M Bolourchi مهرداد Ameri,Currently, somatic cell count (SCC) and bacterial culture is considered as the golden and ultimate standard methods for diagnosis of bovine subclinical mastitis. However, SCC has a low diagnostic accuracy. Therefore, foridentifcation of infected animals new biomarkers w MoreCurrently, somatic cell count (SCC) and bacterial culture is considered as the golden and ultimate standard methods for diagnosis of bovine subclinical mastitis. However, SCC has a low diagnostic accuracy. Therefore, foridentifcation of infected animals new biomarkers with high diagnostic accuracy are needed. Acute phase proteins(APPs) are proteins that are increased (positive APPs) or decreased (negative APPs) in response to inflammation.The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of the milk APPs for the diagnosis of subclinicalmastitis in dairy cows. A total of 90 clinically healthy cows were randomly selected. Of these, 52 cows were considered to have subclinical mastitis based on a SCC higher than 130 × 1000 cells/mL of milk and positive bacterialculture results of milk samples obtained from at least one of the quarters. Milk amyloid A (MAA) concentrationwas measured using a commercial ELISA kit and albumin, α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, and immunoglobulin(Ig) were measured in whey samples by using cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Diagnostic sensitivity and specifcity and cutoff points for each test were determined via receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. Signifcant (P < 0.001) increases in the mean and median concentration of MAA, albumin, α-lactalbumin, and Ig werefound in the milk samples collected from cows with subclinical mastitis. MAA was the most accurate test witha diagnostic sensitivity of 92.3% and specifcity of 92.1% at cutoff point of > 1.6 mg/L. The results of this studyshowed that determination of MAA and some milk serum proteins such as albumin and immunoglobulins can beused as potential and reliable biomarkers for the diagnosis of bovine subclinical mastitis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - Genotyping of BVDV type 1 and 2 isolated from PI cattle in Tehran province by multiplex PCR
فرهاد Moosakhani آریا Badiei مهدی Loghmani علیرضا Shaghayegh محسن ZafariMucosal disease (MD) and bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) are diseases that have no clinical correlations but they have commonviral etiology. In this respect, genotyping of the virus is not performed in Iran yet, after genotyping, control of the disease byusing proper vaccin MoreMucosal disease (MD) and bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) are diseases that have no clinical correlations but they have commonviral etiology. In this respect, genotyping of the virus is not performed in Iran yet, after genotyping, control of the disease byusing proper vaccines could be more effective.In this study, serum samples of suspected calves were taken randomly from 20 farms around province of Tehran. Then, twoELISA tests were performed for detection of BVDV antigen. Twenty samples were chosen for RNA extraction as each samplebelonged to one farm. Then, a multiplex PCR was preformed on the basis of 5′ UTR of BVDV genome with positive samplesfor genotyping the virus.In conclusion, 3 samples (15%) were positive for BVD-2 and 20 samples (100%) were positive for BVD-1. All positive andnegative ELISA samples had equal results in RT-PCR. As for detection of BVD-2, phylogenetic analysis and molecular examination is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - Foundation of necessity of divine appointment imam at the Ismailiyya thought
mahhamad jafar vassef seyed mohammad saghafinejad محمود سیدImamate is considered the central and foundational pillar of the political philosophy in Shiite Islam. Among various Islamic sects, there exists divergence regarding the necessity and obligation of appointing an Imam, and each sect, based on its theological and jurisp MoreImamate is considered the central and foundational pillar of the political philosophy in Shiite Islam. Among various Islamic sects, there exists divergence regarding the necessity and obligation of appointing an Imam, and each sect, based on its theological and jurisprudential roots, has adopted specific beliefs. One significant sect in this regard is the Ismailiyya, which, while emphasizing the explicit divine command and obligation for the appointment of an Imam from God and the preceding Imams, holds distinctive views on the foundation of Imamate. The proponents of this sect, from rational, revelatory, and historical perspectives, advocate the divine necessity of Imam's appointment, understanding it, and the perpetuity of Imamate until the Day of Judgment. In light of this matter, the present research aims to investigate the divine appointment of the Imam among different Shiite sects, focusing on the Ismaili viewpoint, and compare it with the perspectives of Twelver Shiites regarding the divine necessity, recognition, and continuity of Imamate until the Day of Judgment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - Your role in improving the quality assessment of urban green urban living
Arash Rahmani Dr.Valiulah NazariAbstract The importance of green spaces in urban environments to the extent that has been used as an indicator of the development of the society and at the same time a measure to improve life quality are considered. Focus cities as centers of human life activity to be a MoreAbstract The importance of green spaces in urban environments to the extent that has been used as an indicator of the development of the society and at the same time a measure to improve life quality are considered. Focus cities as centers of human life activity to be able to regulate their stability choice but to accept structure and functioning of natural systems are affected. The main objective of this paper is to examine the effects of green spaces in improving the quality of life of citizens using the pattern Seeking – Escaping Statistical population of 372 persons ultimately using Likert scale to investigate and analyze the views of the people discussed. The findings suggest that Shhrtakstan citizens greater access to clean air, family fun, business vitality and avoid shortness of residential environment, hiking, refreshment doctrines of the monotony of life are turning to green spaces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - The role of power and heredity in choosing an heir to throne in Shahnameh
esmail Khirabadi Sepideh Sepehri Mandana HashemiFrom Iranians’ perspective Shahnameh is a book of politics and the manner of ruling a country and via portraying the destiny of heroes and kings in fact gives a lesson to dictators and world worshippers informing them of punishments and consequences of their sins MoreFrom Iranians’ perspective Shahnameh is a book of politics and the manner of ruling a country and via portraying the destiny of heroes and kings in fact gives a lesson to dictators and world worshippers informing them of punishments and consequences of their sins and oppressions imposed. The purpose of this article is to study from different angles how states are formed. Aspects such as Divine Farr, Royal Farr (heredity , blood relationship in royal generation), power and having social status as important factors in forming sovereignties. For this purpose the conflict of power and heredity is studied in more than fifty kings. The main pillar of sovereignty in Shahmameh is power and varieties of its manifestations. In other words, Shahnameh is the struggle of powers that is the battle of justice against injustice. According to the beliefs of certain communities in Shahnameh women whether in a position of a reign or as a queen are transmitters of heredity and agents who transfer royal blood and power in the infrastructure of the sovereignty. Traces of the ancient tradition of matriarchy can be seen and in this regard women mostly appear in the role of a mother, a daughter or a sister as the agents who transmit heredity example being the marriage of Zahak with Jamshid’s sisters, the tale of Siavash, and the tale of King of Yemen, Sarv who refused to let his daughters marry Feraydun’s sons. The writers of this article employed a comparative analytic method to study and compare different reigns and to deal with the conflict of power and heredity as one of pillars of their sovereignty. Manuscript profile
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