Divine and Evil Inspiration from the Viewpoint of Mullā Sadrā
Subject Areas : Epistemological researchesسیدصدرالدین طاهری 1 , منا فریدی خورشیدی 2
1 - *استاد دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی
2 - دانش آموخته مقطع کارشناسی ارشد رشته فلسفه و کلام دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی
Keywords: soul, divine inspiration (ilhām), evil inspiration (ilqā’), temptation, angles, demons,
Abstract :
Human spirit in his trans-substantial and intensifying motion toward ascending ark (qaws su‘ūdi) goes up to a level in which he deserves to receive some kinds of internal impulses (khawatir). These internal impulses are divided into two types: some of them come from God which are revealed to man’s heart and are called divine inspiration (ilhām) and others come from evil sources and are called evil inspiration or temptation (ilqā’). Divine inspiration occurs either through a mediator or directly and without mediator. Therefore, the mediated inspiration are mediated or explained by a mediator, usually an angel. Ilqā’, the exact opposite of ilhām, is a demonic inspiration. The straggle between angelic and demonic forces, in man’s heart, is an unending straggle. Dhikr (reciting the names of God) pushes the demonic forces away so the angelic ones will become dominant. It happens when all forces of man’s soul completely cooperate with each other, under the dominance of Divine Power (quwwa qudsīya). But when man’s soul engages in sensual desires and ignores God’s remembering the estimative faculty (quwwa wahmīya) will become dominant and it provides an opportunity for demonic forces. This straggle will continue until one side triumph over the other. However, in most people, because of the dominance of sensual desires, evil forces will become victorious.
قرآن کریم، ترجمه مجتبوی، سیدجلالالدین، تهران، انتشارات حکمت، 1371ش.