Zoonotic disease between Human and Bovine
Subject Areas : clinical veterinary science
1 -
Keywords: Human, Bovine, Zoonoses, Public Health,
Abstract :
Zoonotic diseases, which are transmitted from animals to humans, represent one of the most significant public health challenges globally. These diseases encompass a wide range of pathogens, including bacterial, viral, parasitic, fungal, and prion agents. With the growth of the global population, increased human-animal interactions, and climate change, the risk of zoonotic disease outbreaks is rising. This study examines the primary transmission pathways of zoonotic diseases (such as direct contact, aerosols, and contamination of water and food) and their impacts on human and animal health. Preventive and control approaches, including vaccination, biosecurity measures, and the One Health approach, are proposed to mitigate the risks associated with these diseases. The findings of this study underscore the importance of cross-sectoral collaboration in managing zoonotic diseases and highlight their implications for public health and the livestock industry. Zoonotic diseases, which are transmitted from animals to humans, represent one of the most significant public health challenges globally. These diseases encompass a wide range of pathogens, including bacterial, viral, parasitic, fungal, and prion agents. With the growth of the global population, increased human-animal interactions, and climate change, the risk of zoonotic disease outbreaks is rising. This study examines the primary transmission pathways of zoonotic diseases (such as direct contact, aerosols, and contamination of water and food) and their impacts on human and animal health. Preventive and control approaches, including vaccination, biosecurity measures, and the One Health approach, are proposed to mitigate the risks associated with these diseases. The findings of this study underscore the importance of cross-sectoral collaboration in managing zoonotic diseases and highlight their implications for public health and the livestock industry.
References:
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1. Pal M. Importance of zoonoses in public health. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences [Internet]. 2005;75. Available from: https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:68330171
2. McDaniel CJ, Cardwell DM, Moeller RB, Gray GC. Humans and Cattle: A Review of Bovine Zoonoses. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. 2014 Jan;14(1):1–19.
3. BROWN C. Emerging zoonoses and pathogens of public health significance – an overview. Revue Scientifique et Technique de l’OIE. 2004 Aug 1;23(2):435–42.
4. Pelzer KD, Currin N. Zoonotic Diseases of Cattle. In 2005. Available from: https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:75982690
5. Samad M. PUBLIC HEALTH THREAT CAUSED BY ZOONOTIC DISEASES IN BANGLADESH. Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 2013 Jan 22;9(2):95–120.
6. Phillips CJC. Zoonotic Disease Risks of Live Export of Cattle and Sheep, with a Focus on Australian Shipments to Asia and the Middle East. Animals. 2022 Dec 5;12(23):3425.
7. WANG LF, CRAMERI G. Emerging zoonotic viral diseases. Revue Scientifique et Technique de l’OIE. 2014 Aug 1;33(2):569–81.
8. Rahman MdT, Sobur MdA, Islam MdS, Ievy S, Hossain MdJ, El Zowalaty ME, et al. Zoonotic Diseases: Etiology, Impact, and Control. Microorganisms. 2020 Sep 12;8(9):1405.
9. Pelzer KD, Currin N. Zoonotic Diseases of Cattle. In 2005. Available from: https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:75982690
10. Tomori O, Oluwayelu DO. Domestic Animals as Potential Reservoirs of Zoonotic Viral Diseases. Annu Rev Anim Biosci. 2023 Feb 15;11(1):33–55.
11. Sanyaolu A. Epidemiology of Zoonotic Diseases in the United States: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology. 2016 Dec 31;2(3).
12. Ibrahim M, Schelling E, Zinsstag J, Hattendorf J, Andargie E, Tschopp R. Sero-prevalence of brucellosis, Q-fever and Rift Valley fever in humans and livestock in Somali Region, Ethiopia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021 Jan 25;15(1):e0008100.
13. Kracalik IT, Kenu E, Ayamdooh EN, Allegye-Cudjoe E, Polkuu PN, Frimpong JA, et al. Modeling the environmental suitability of anthrax in Ghana and estimating populations at risk: Implications for vaccination and control. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017 Oct 13;11(10):e0005885.
14. Khan MR, Rehman A, Khalid S, Ahmad MUD, Avais M, Sarwar M, et al. Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Bovine Brucellosis in District Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. Animals. 2021 Jun 11;11(6):1744.
15. Dietrich I, Jansen S, Fall G, Lorenzen S, Rudolf M, Huber K, et al. RNA Interference Restricts Rift Valley Fever Virus in Multiple Insect Systems. mSphere. 2017 Jun 28;2(3).
16. Bird BH, Ksiazek TG, Nichol ST, MacLachlan NJ. Rift Valley fever virus. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2009 Apr 1;234(7):883–93.
17. Ertl HCJ. New Rabies Vaccines for Use in Humans. Vaccines (Basel). 2019 Jun 20;7(2):54.
18. Adedeji AO, Eyarefe OD, Okonko IO, Ojezele MO, Amusan TA, Abubakar M. Why is there Still Rabies in Nigeria?-A Review of the Current and Future Trends in the Epidemiology, Prevention, Treatment, Control and Possible Elimination of Rabies. In 2010. Available from: https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:5087998
19. Amendoeira MRR, Camillo-Coura L. Uma breve revisão sobre toxoplasmose na gestação A brief review on toxoplasmosis in pregnancy. In 2010. Available from: https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:68968369
20. Oyeyemi OT, Oyeyemi IT, Adesina IA, Tiamiyu AM, Oluwafemi YD, Nwuba RI, et al. Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy: a neglected bane but a serious threat in Nigeria. Parasitology. 2020 Feb 6;147(2):127–34.
21. Espinoza JR, Terashima A, Herrera-Velit P, Marcos LA. Fasciolosis humana y animal en el Perú: impacto en la economía de las zonas endémicas. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica. 2010 Dec;27(4):604–12.
22. Cwiklinski K, O’Neill SM, Donnelly S, Dalton JP. A prospective view of animal and human Fasciolosis. Parasite Immunol. 2016 Sep 8;38(9):558–68.
23. Nakamura Y, Watanabe S, Hasegawa A. Dermatomycosis in Human and Animals. Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi. 1999;40(1):9–14.
24. Fernandez-Flores A, Saeb-Lima M, Arenas-Guzman R. Morphological Findings of Deep Cutaneous Fungal Infections. Am J Dermatopathol. 2014 Jul;36(7):531–56.
25. Ugochukwu ICI, Aneke CI, Sani NA, Omeke JN, Anyanwu MU, Odigie AE, et al. Important Mycoses of Wildlife: Emphasis on Etiology, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Pathology—A Review: PART 1. Animals. 2022 Jul 22;12(15):1874.
26. Houston F, Andréoletti O. Animal prion diseases: the risks to human health. Brain Pathology. 2019 Mar 22;29(2):248–62.
27. Teshome H. Review on Principles of Zoonoses Prevention, Control and Eradication. Am J Biomed Sci Res. 2019 Jun 6;3(2):188–97.
28. Klous G, Huss A, Heederik DJJ, Coutinho RA. Human–livestock contacts and their relationship to transmission of zoonotic pathogens, a systematic review of literature. One Health. 2016 Dec;2:65–76.
29. Ehsan AM, Geurden T, Casaert S, Parvin SM, Islam TM, Ahmed UM, et al. Assessment of Zoonotic Transmission of Giardia and Cryptosporidium between Cattle and Humans in Rural Villages in Bangladesh. PLoS One. 2015 Feb 19;10(2):e0118239.
30. Rwego IB, Gillespie TR, Isabirye-Basuta G, Goldberg TL. High Rates of Escherichia coli Transmission between Livestock and Humans in Rural Uganda. J Clin Microbiol. 2008 Oct;46(10):3187–91.
31. Wang CC, Prather KA, Sznitman J, Jimenez JL, Lakdawala SS, Tufekci Z, et al. Airborne transmission of respiratory viruses. Science (1979). 2021 Aug 27;373(6558).
32. Arruda AG, Tousignant S, Sanhueza J, Vilalta C, Poljak Z, Torremorell M, et al. Aerosol Detection and Transmission of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV): What Is the Evidence, and What Are the Knowledge Gaps? Viruses. 2019 Aug 3;11(8):712.
33. Drossinos Y, Stilianakis NI. What aerosol physics tells us about airborne pathogen transmission. Aerosol Science and Technology. 2020 Jun 2;54(6):639–43.
34. Mocherniuk M, Kukhtyn M. Microbiological indicators of bioaerosol in veterinary medicine clinics. Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies. 2022 Nov 28;24(108):3–10.
35. Desrosiers R, Kluber E. Suspected aerosol transmission of swine pathogens: A field case. Can Vet J. 2024 Jul;65(7):707–11.
36. Bartlett H, Holmes MA, Petrovan SO, Williams DR, Wood JLN, Balmford A. Understanding the relative risks of zoonosis emergence under contrasting approaches to meeting livestock product demand. R Soc Open Sci. 2022 Jun 22;9(6).
37. Brice J, Soldi R, ALARCON-LOPEZ P, Guitian J, Drewe JA, Breinbauer DB, et al. The relation between different zoonotic pandemics and the livestock sector. In 2021. Available from: https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:251436825
38. Amissah-Reynolds PK. Zoonotic Risks from Domestic Animals in Ghana. International Journal of Pathogen Research. 2020 Jun 20;17–31.
39. Ahmed J, Bouloy M, Ergonul O, Fooks AR, Paweska J, Chevalier V, et al. International network for capacity building for the control of emerging viral vector-borne zoonotic diseases: ARBO-ZOONET. Eurosurveillance. 2009 Mar 26;14(12).
40. HASANOV E, ZEYNALOVA S, GELEISHVILI M, MAES E, TONGREN E, MARSHALL E, et al. Assessing the impact of public education on a preventable zoonotic disease: rabies. Epidemiol Infect. 2018 Jan 22;146(2):227–35.
41. Bidhya Sharma, Sonam Bhutia. Preventive strategies for Zoonoses diseases: Rising concerned among the population. Trends in Current Biology. 2024 Oct 1;2(4).
42. Naicker P. The impact of climate change and other factors on zoonotic diseases. Arch Clin Microbiol [Internet]. 2011;2. Available from: https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:44212569
43. J. Rodriguez-Morales A. Climate Change, Climate Variability and Brucellosis. Recent Pat Antiinfect Drug Discov. 2013 Feb 1;8(1):4–12.
44. Mills JN, Gage KL, Khan AS. Potential Influence of Climate Change on Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases: A Review and Proposed Research Plan. Environ Health Perspect. 2010 Nov;118(11):1507–14.
45. Hayek MN. The infectious disease trap of animal agriculture. Sci Adv. 2022 Nov 4;8(44).
46. J. A, A. C. Impact of Climate Change on Zoonotic Diseases in Latin America. In: Human and Social Dimensions of Climate Change. InTech; 2012.
47. Olumuyiwa Tolulope Ojeyinka, Toritsemogba Tosanbami Omaghomi. Climate change and zoonotic diseases: a conceptual framework for predicting and managing health risks in the USA. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2024 Mar 30;26(3):027–36.
48. Tebug SF, Kamga-Waladjo AR, Ema PJN, Muyeneza C, Kane O, Seck A, et al. Cattle Farmer Awareness and Behavior Regarding Prevention of Zoonotic Disease Transmission in Senegal. J Agromedicine. 2015 Apr 3;20(2):217–24.
49. Carpenter A, Waltenburg MA, Hall A, Kile J, Killerby M, Knust B, et al. Vaccine Preventable Zoonotic Diseases: Challenges and Opportunities for Public Health Progress. Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Jun 22;10(7):993.
50. Rajput V. Relationship between Livestock Vaccination Programs and Mortality Rates in India. Journal of Animal Health. 2024 Sep 19;4(3):29–40.
51. Métras R, Edmunds WJ, Youssouffi C, Dommergues L, Fournié G, Camacho A, et al. Estimation of Rift Valley fever virus spillover to humans during the Mayotte 2018–2019 epidemic. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2020 Sep 29;117(39):24567–74.
52. Mahony TJ, Briody TE, Ommeh SC. Can the Revolution in mRNA-Based Vaccine Technologies Solve the Intractable Health Issues of Current Ruminant Production Systems? Vaccines (Basel). 2024 Jan 31;12(2):152.
53. Butucel E, Balta I, McCleery D, Morariu F, Pet I, Popescu CA, et al. Farm Biosecurity Measures and Interventions with an Impact on Bacterial Biofilms. Agriculture. 2022 Aug 18;12(8):1251.
54. Bickett-Weddle DA. Zoonotic disease. American Association of Bovine Practitioners Conference Proceedings. 2021 Feb 12;39–40.
55. Anyanwu U, Wang Y, Walker A, Dimov A, Zinsstag J, Akladios Y, et al. A mathematical model of animal-human Brucellosis transmission in Armenia: Implications for prevention and control. CABI One Health. 2024 Aug 21;
56. ZINSSTAG J, ABAKAR MF, IBRAHIM M, TSCHOPP R, CRUMP L, BONFOH B, et al. Cost-effective control strategies for animal and zoonotic diseases in pastoralist populations. Revue Scientifique et Technique de l’OIE. 2016 Aug 1;35(2):673–81.
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