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Open Access Article
1 - Investigating the mediating role of stubbornness in the relationship between habit and intention of cyber security behavior in physical education teachers of South Khorasan province
kazem Cheraghbirjandi Fateme Hamidi Fateme Shekhi molashahi Fateme Alidooststubbornness habit security teachersstubbornness habit security teachers Manuscript profile -
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2 - A new model as a damage index in an eigen value problem with application in health monitoring of offshore jacket platform
Mehdi Alavinejhad Madjid Ghodsi Hassanabad Mohammadjavad Ketabdari Masoud NekooeiA set of second-order differential equations (the initial value problem) is used to analyze the vibrations of structures. This method is based on changing the second-order differential equations to the eigenvalue problem, which is usually used for modal analysis of stru MoreA set of second-order differential equations (the initial value problem) is used to analyze the vibrations of structures. This method is based on changing the second-order differential equations to the eigenvalue problem, which is usually used for modal analysis of structures. This problem involves a matrix equation with mass and stiffness as coefficient matrices. Changes in some stiffness matrix arrays change eigenvalues and eigenvectors, and changes in stiffness matrices indicate damage to one or more structural members. Therefore, identifying modified arrays is very useful for monitoring the health of structures. Modified stiffness array arrays can be obtained by comparing new eigenvalues and eigenvectors with old ones. The Stubbs Index (Modal Strain Energy) Stubbs (MSE) uses only special vectors to identify injuries. In the improved modal strain energy method (IMSE) proposed by Lee et al., In addition to special vectors, special values are also entered in relation to the damage index. In this research, a new injury index is presented with the development of the above two indicators, which show more accurate results than them. In this study, the health monitoring of a template platform structure of Forouzan Persian Gulf oil field is compared to compare the accuracy of these three indicators. The results show that the new method is more accurate than the Stubbs and IMSE indices, especially in the presence of multiple injuries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - A game-theoretical approach to evaluating foreign direct investment in the manufacturing sector due to the economic and social index
Hamed Amini Morteza Rasti-BarzokiThe global increase in the volume of foreign direct investment in recent decades has been the focus countries on it. The effects of foreign direct investment in sustainability indices has led many researchers to assess various aspects of this type investments. In the Fo MoreThe global increase in the volume of foreign direct investment in recent decades has been the focus countries on it. The effects of foreign direct investment in sustainability indices has led many researchers to assess various aspects of this type investments. In the Foreign direct investment have two agents that are decision makers. They are the investor and the host country. So had to use the multi-agents decision makers’ methods for this kind of investment. This study for the first time examines foreign direct investment using game theory as an efficient tool in multi-agents decision-making. For this purpose has been paid to mathematical modeling and then using stackelberg game to solve the model in the different strategy. In Continue provide a numerical example and analyzed and finally, extracted Managements tips. The results of this study can be used as a decision support tool in the field of foreign direct investment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - ادله عقلی و نقلی تعیین ملاک مسافت شرعی در فقه امامیه
mahdi Mahdavi e aminThe limit of fault in the "prayer of the traveler" is one of the precepts in which the problem is divided, so that some narratives refer to the "Yaman path" and some others as "Thyman-e-Farsakh" or "Bereidan" as the criterion of "Qasr Salat". Now, what is the criterion MoreThe limit of fault in the "prayer of the traveler" is one of the precepts in which the problem is divided, so that some narratives refer to the "Yaman path" and some others as "Thyman-e-Farsakh" or "Bereidan" as the criterion of "Qasr Salat". Now, what is the criterion as the main criterion and which is simply explained and adapted to the main index? In this article, through the use of theological foundations, the totality and inclusion of the sentences in the religion of the khatam and the decree of the judgments based on the power of the people and based on the traditions of "Yum" path and the definition of a different category of evidence, the reason for the Palace of Salat, its hardship and difficulty We conclude that the main criterion for the fault of the Sala'ah is for Shar'e, one day's journey, which in our time is 850 km. Manuscript profile -
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5 - اثربخشی شناخت درمانی با تکیه بر فراخوانی افکار و مفروضه ها بر افزایش سرسختی روانشناختی دانشجویان دختر
آرزو عبدالملکی کورش گودرزی -
Open Access Article
6 - اثربخشی آموزش تاب‌آوری بر کفایت اجتماعی و سرسختی سلامت در زنان دچار نشخوار فکری
محمد درخشانفر ناهید بابائی امیری -
Open Access Article
7 - The Effective Factors on Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) Welding of Al6061/Al2O3 Metal Matrix Composites
S.A. Manafi M. Boroumand I. Farahbakhsh -
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8 - Improvement of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Alumina/Silicon Carbide Nanocomposite via Multi-step Sintering
M.R. Khademalhoseini S.S. Mirzaee D. Ghahremani -
Open Access Article
9 - Electrodeposition of Ni – TiO2 –Al2O3 Nanocomposite Coating
M. Mirak F. Tahmasebi -
Open Access Article
10 - Mechanical Properties of Al/Nano-MgO Composites Produced by Vortex Method
M.A. Baghchesara H. Abdizadeh H.R. Baharvandi -
Open Access Article
11 - Evaluation of Structure, Mechanical Properties and Corrosion of Aluminum Matrix Nanocomposite Reinforced with Nanoceramic Particles of SiC
S.R. Jafarpour M. Pakshir -
Open Access Article
12 - Study of Fracture Mechanism of Aluminium-Carbon Nanotube Composites Fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering Method
D. Khademi A. Babakhani -
Open Access Article
13 - Fabrication and investigation of mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of A356 - carbon nanotube aluminium base composite
S.R. Kiahosseini A. Abedi -
Open Access Article
14 - Fabrication of Al/WC Micro-composite Surface Layers, using Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW(
S. Khorshid S.A. Manafi S.H. Badiee -
Open Access Article
15 - Brain- Behavior Systems, Psychological Hardiness and Ambiguity Tolerance in Substance Abusers and Normal People
mojtaba salehi behruz khosravian mansur agashteThe aim of the present study was to compare the brain- behavior systems, psychological hardiness and ambiguity tolerance in substance abusers and normal people. The study was a causal comparative research. Statistical population included all drug users in 2011 ( MoreThe aim of the present study was to compare the brain- behavior systems, psychological hardiness and ambiguity tolerance in substance abusers and normal people. The study was a causal comparative research. Statistical population included all drug users in 2011 (1391s.c.) in the city of Urmia. 50 people were selected through cluster sampling from five drug rehabilitation centers in Urmia and 50 normal participants were matched with them. Data were collected with the Gray-Wilson Personality Questionnaire (GWPQ, 1989), Kubasa Personal Perspectives Survey Questionnaire (1970), and the Scale of Ambiguity Tolerance (Lin, 1993). Data were analyzed through multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Analysis of data showed that there were significant differences in brain behavioral systems, hardiness and ambiguity tolerance between substance abusers and normal group (P < 0.001). Substance abusers, scores in the behavioral inhibition system subscale, hardiness and ambiguity tolerance, were lower than the normal group but their scores in behavioral approach system were higher than the normal group. Results indicated that some personality traits such as brain-behavior systems, hardiness and ambiguity tolerance may have an important role in tendency to substance abuse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The Relationship of Achievement Motiveand Psychological Hardiness with SensationâSeeking and Accountability
محمدرضا غفوری ورنوسفادرانی مهدی کمالی ابوالقاسم نوریThe aim of this research was to study the simple and multiple relationships of achievement motive and psychological hardiness with sensation–seeking and accountability among employees of different branches of a bank in Isfahan .A random sample of was selected. The sam MoreThe aim of this research was to study the simple and multiple relationships of achievement motive and psychological hardiness with sensation–seeking and accountability among employees of different branches of a bank in Isfahan .A random sample of was selected. The sample completed the three research questionnaires. By applying correlation and regression analysis, the results indicated that the achievement motive had a negative and significant relationship with sensation–seeking (r= , P ). In addition to this, multiple correlation of achievement motive and psychological hardiness with sensation–seeking (R= , P < ) were higher than each variable alone. Furthermore, multiple correlation of achievement motive and psychological hardiness with accountability (R= , P < ) were higher than their simple correlation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - The effect of resilience and psychological hardiness on mental health of mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Masood Sadeghi Tahere Rahimipour حسین علی محمدیThe goal of the study was to investigate the effect of resilience and psychological hardiness on mental health of mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to determine the contribution of each of the predicting variables in predicting MoreThe goal of the study was to investigate the effect of resilience and psychological hardiness on mental health of mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to determine the contribution of each of the predicting variables in predicting mental health. The statistical population of this descriptive-correlation study included all the mothers who consecutively referred to the child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of shahid Modares, Noor, Farabi & shahid Rajaii hospitals in Isfahan city that had at least one child with clinically diagnosed ADHD, aged between 6 to 12 years old. 141 mothers were selected through convenience sampling method. Research tools included the questionnaire of Goldberg & Hillier’s General Health (1979), Connor & Davidson’s resilience (2003) and Kobasa’s Hardiness (1982). Stepwise multiple regression analysis used for statistical analysis. The research results showed that hardiness and resilience were able to predict mental health significantly (p<0.001). In this research resilience was the best predictor of mental health. The findings indicate that hardiness and resilience are important and fundamental in the preservation and promotion of mental health in mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The two mentioned variables are able to explain the high rate of mental health variation and considering them in mental health is essential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Relationship of Personality Characteristics and Psychological Hardiness with Job Stress of Nurses of Public Sector Hospitals in Shiraz
سارا مستغنی سیروس سروقدThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of personality characteristics and psychological hardiness with job stress of nurses in state hospitals of Shiraz. The research method was correlational and the population was all nurses of state hospitals MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of personality characteristics and psychological hardiness with job stress of nurses in state hospitals of Shiraz. The research method was correlational and the population was all nurses of state hospitals in Shiraz, among them 141 nurses were selected through multi-stage sampling method. Research instruments were the big five personality factors questionnaire ( McCrae & Costa,1985), psychological hardiness questionnaire(Barton,1984) and Job Stress Questionnaire(Steinmetz,1977). The data were analyzed using Pearson s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis stepwise method).The findings indicated that there was a positive significant relationship between neuroticism and job stress(p < 0.01), but negative significant relationships between extraversion, openness to experience and consciousness, and also between commitment and control with job stress in nurses(p < 0.01). Also, in multiple regression analysis it was shown that the consciousness, neuroticism along with commitment and challenging were the strongest predictors for job stress. Manuscript profile -
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19 - The Effect of Hardiness Training on Quality of Life of Teacher Training Female Students
sara shokohifard najmeh hamid mansour soodaniThe aim of this research was to study the effectiveness of hardiness training on quality of life of Fatima Zahra teachers training female students in Ahwaz. The research design was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest, control group and follow-up test. The populat MoreThe aim of this research was to study the effectiveness of hardiness training on quality of life of Fatima Zahra teachers training female students in Ahwaz. The research design was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest, control group and follow-up test. The population of this study consisted of all Fatima Zahra teachers training female students in Ahwaz. The research sample included 60 students who participated voluntarily and were placed in the experimental and control groups. The instrument was a 26 items Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF, 1994). The experimental group received hardiness training for 9 sessions of 90 minutes each but the control group did not receive any intervention. After completing the training program, the post-test and follow-up test were carried out on both groups one month later. The results multiple covariance analyses revealed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in quality of life and the experimental group means were higher in the post- test and follow-up (P < 0.0001 ). Generally, the hardiness training has increased the quality of life of students in the post-test and follow up. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The Role of Forgiveness and Psychological Hardiness in Prediction of Hope
Adel Zahed babelan Abdollah Ghasempour Shahnaz HasanzadeThe purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between forgiveness and hardiness with students hope. In this descriptive- correlational study, a total of 120 (Male=60, Female= 60) undergraduate students from 6400 students of the University of Mohaghegh Ard MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between forgiveness and hardiness with students hope. In this descriptive- correlational study, a total of 120 (Male=60, Female= 60) undergraduate students from 6400 students of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili were selected using multistage cluster sampling they participated in the study on the basis of their completion of Schnieder's hope scale (α=0.79), Ahvaz's hardiness scale (α=0.77), and Walker's forgiveness scale (α=0.71). The data collected from the sample were put into SPSS and were analysed using statistical methods, correlation and multipleregression. Results revealed that hope positively correlated with hardiness (r=0.51) and with forgiveness (r=0.53) and hardiness positively correlated with forgiveness (r=0.46). Also, hardiness and forgiveness predicted the changes related to the hope positively and significantly (P < 0.001, R2=0.37). The findings indicated that both forgiveness and hardiness have more important roles on the hope of the students. So Forgivenes s and hardiness can contribute to the prediction of hope on the part of the students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - The Study of Psychological Perseveranceand Progression Motivation with VocationalWeariness among the Employees of the SixthDistrict of Islamic Azad University
محمد حسین پور میرصلاح الدین عنایتی کریمی غلامرضا بهنیا ماریا نصیریAbstract This research studied the psychological perseverance and progression motivation with vocational weariness among the employees of the Sixth district of Islamic Azad university in Khoozestan province. Therefore, based on Stratified random sampling, employees MoreAbstract This research studied the psychological perseverance and progression motivation with vocational weariness among the employees of the Sixth district of Islamic Azad university in Khoozestan province. Therefore, based on Stratified random sampling, employees were selected ( male and female) among those who were non-faculty members but employed in different Islamic Azad universities of this district. Research instruments compromised: Psychological perseverance test of Ahvaz. Geslie's self-discription questionnaire. Moslech' svocational weariness scale. Validity and reliability of coefficients of research instruments were significantly meaningful. Data were analyzed through Pearson correlation analysis, multivariable regression analysis and MONOVA. The results revealed that there was a negative relationship between psychological perseverance and progression motivation with vocational weariness in (P < ). There were not meaningful relationship between variance of gender, marital status, job experience, profetional status and the kind of university. Manuscript profile -
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22 - Prediction of Decision-Making Style of Physical Education Managers based on Psychological Hardiness and Coping Strategies
Jalil Moradi Pourya ZandiThis study aimed to predict the decision-making style based on psychological hardiness and coping strategies in physical education managers. The sample consisted of 210 physical education managers, that selected by random Multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data gather MoreThis study aimed to predict the decision-making style based on psychological hardiness and coping strategies in physical education managers. The sample consisted of 210 physical education managers, that selected by random Multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data gathered by 3 questionnaires Ahvaz psychological hardiness questionnaire (Kiamarsi et al, 1998), coping strategies questionnaire (Billings & Moss, 1984) and public decision-making styles questionnaire (Scott and Bruce, 1995). The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation test and multivariate regression using SPSS software version 20. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between psychological hardiness and decision-making styles, as well as coping strategies and decision making styles of managers in general (P <0.05). But there were no significant relationship between psychological hardiness and coping strategies in general. The results of multivariate regression showed that we can predict decision-making in managers based on the psychological hardiness and coping styles variables (P <0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - The Relationship between Psychological Capital and Emotional labor Due to the Mediating Role of Psychological Hardiness in Khorramabad Hospitals staff
soheil sarshar zohreh rafezi mahdi khanjani elham saeiThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between psychological capital and emotional labor with respect to the mediating role of psychological hardiness in hospital staff in Khorram-Abad. The research design was a relational, the type of structural equa MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between psychological capital and emotional labor with respect to the mediating role of psychological hardiness in hospital staff in Khorram-Abad. The research design was a relational, the type of structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study included all employees of Khorram-Abad hospitals in 1398 who were working full time, from which 224 people were finally selected as a sample by multi-stage random sampling method which responded to the Emotional labor Questionnaires by Diefendorff et al. (2005), Psychological Capital Questionnaires of Luthans et al. (2007) and the psychological hardiness Questionnaires of Kobasa et al. (1982). The analysis method was quantitative which was performed using SPSS and AMOS. The results showed that the predictive model of emotional labor based on psychological capital and the mediating role of psychological hardiness has an acceptable fit. The findings showed that psychological capital is negatively related to superficial action and positively to deep action. The findings also showed that psychological hardiness mediated the relationship between psychological capital and superficial and deep action. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - The effectiveness of psychological capital intervention model (PCI) on jab stress and occupational hardiness in Nursing staff
mandana niknamThe purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of psychological capital intervention model (PCI) on occupational hardiness and jab stress of nurses. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with control group. The populatio MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of psychological capital intervention model (PCI) on occupational hardiness and jab stress of nurses. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with control group. The population of the study consisted of all nurses working in Chamran hospital of Shiraz in 2017. Based on entry criteria 26 subjects were selected by purposive sampling and randomly divided into experimental (13 subjects) and control (13 subjects) group. The experimental group participated in 10 sessions (1-week session), while the control group did not attend the sessions. All subjects were assessed through Occupational Hardiness (Moreno-Jiménez & et al 2014) and Nursing Stress scale (Gray-toft & Anderson, 1981). Analysis of covariance showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in the post-test between occupational hardiness and jab stress (p <0.05). The results showed that the intervention of PCI intervention resulted in a significant increase in the level of occupational hardiness (p<0.05) and the reduction of nurses' occupational stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Effect of applied current density on microhardness and corrosion behavior of electrodeposited Co-P-ZrO2-CeO2 nanocomposite coatings
Fatemeh Borzooei Sirus Javadpour Alireza Jahanbin Hamed Aghili mehdi nasrollahi nezhad fardCobalt coatings are considered a suitable alternative to chromium coatings due to their desirable properties and environmental compatibility. In this study, by adding phosphorus as an alloying element and reinforcing nanoparticles of ZrO2 and CeO2 to the cobalt coating MoreCobalt coatings are considered a suitable alternative to chromium coatings due to their desirable properties and environmental compatibility. In this study, by adding phosphorus as an alloying element and reinforcing nanoparticles of ZrO2 and CeO2 to the cobalt coating matrix, amorphous Co-P-ZrO2-CeO2 and Co-P coatings were produced on a ST37 steel substrate using electrochemical deposition. The effect of current density on the morphology of the coatings was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the weight percentages of elements present in the coatings were analyzed using EDS analysis. Microhardness and corrosion resistance were also examined. The addition of reinforcing nanoparticles to the cobalt-phosphorus alloy matrix increased the hardness of the nanocomposite coatings. It should be noted that increasing the current density up to an optimal level increases the hardness, and then decreases it. The results of the Tafel and EIS analyses on the nanocomposite coatings indicate an increase in corrosion resistance with an enhancement in current density up to 100 mA/cm2 for both alloy and nanocomposite samples, which is due to an increase in the weight percentage of phosphorus and the formation of a surface protective layer. In addition, the presence of reinforcing nanoparticles in the matrix prevents corrosive medium from reaching the coating surface, improving its corrosion resistance. Manuscript profile -
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26 - The effect of behavioral activation therapy on learned helplessness and psychological toughness in depressed women
Seyyedehfarnaz Kiaeian Moosavi Abdollah Mafakheri Ali MohammadzadehAim: Depressed women have psychological problems that require interventions such as behavioral activation to reduce them. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of behavioral activation therapy on learned helplessness and psychological toughness in depr MoreAim: Depressed women have psychological problems that require interventions such as behavioral activation to reduce them. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of behavioral activation therapy on learned helplessness and psychological toughness in depressed women. Methodology: The research design was a semi-experimental pre-test post-test with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all the people suffering from depression in Babol city who had referred to psychotherapy clinics in Babol city in 2019. Thirty people who scored medium to high in the Beck Depression Questionnaire were randomly selected and assigned into two groups (15 people in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group). The intervention group underwent 90-minute behavioral activation therapy from Leahy, Holland & McGinn (2002) in 8 sessions once a week in groups, but no action was taken in the control group. Quinles and Nelson's (1988) learned helplessness questionnaire and Ahvaz Kiamarthi, Najarian and Mehrabizadeh's (1999) psychological toughness questionnaire were applied to them. Data analysis was done with descriptive tests (mean and standard deviation) and covariance analysis using SPSS version 23 software. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The results of covariance analysis indicated that behavioral activation treatment had an effect on learned helplessness (F = 49.24) and psychological toughness (F = 17.58) in depressed women (P<0.001). The amount of this effect in the variable of learned helplessness based on the square of the eta coefficient was equal to 52% and in the variable of psychological toughness, it was equal to 37%. Conclusion: According to the results of this research, behavioral activation can be used to reduce the psychological problems of depressed women and increase their toughness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Explaining the relationships of gamaphobia based on existential anxiety with the mediation of psychological hardiness
somayyeh Abassi Amir Panah ali alinaghi aghdasi Marziye Alivandi VafaIntroduction: Marriage is seen as the initial step in starting a family, but nowadays there seems to be a fear or avoidance of this commitment among young people, particularly those who are educated. The purpose of this research was to determine the model of gamophobia MoreIntroduction: Marriage is seen as the initial step in starting a family, but nowadays there seems to be a fear or avoidance of this commitment among young people, particularly those who are educated. The purpose of this research was to determine the model of gamophobia among young people based on existential anxiety with the mediation of psychological hardiness. Methods: The current study is applied in terms of purpose, and descriptive correlational data collection method was used. The statistical population of the research included all students of the Islamic Azad University, Sardasht branch. The research sample was 358 students who participated in the research online and through available sampling method. Data collection tools included Richard's Gamophobia Questionnaire (2007), Good and Good Existential Anxiety Questionnaire (1974) and Ahvaz Psychological Hardiness Questionnaire (2017). Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation method and path analysis through Smart-pls3 software. Results: The results indicated that the direct effect of existential anxiety was 0.609 and its indirect effect through psychological hardiness was 0.498 and the direct effect of existential anxiety on psychological hardiness was 0.309 and the direct effect of psychological hardiness on gamophobia was 0.320 significant (P˂ 0.01). Conclusion: Therefore, psychological hardiness can play a mediating role between existential anxiety and gamophobia. In this context, counseling and psychology specialists can consider this issue in pre-marriage counseling and even formulate interventions to reduce the gamophobia.According to Allameh (2017), many young people about to get married are experiencing anxiety and apprehension about the prospect of marriage and its associated challenges. Marriage phobia, also known as gamophobia, is a condition in which an individual is hesitant to commit and enter into a stable and honest relationship with another person. This involves making an agreement to remain committed for a long-term period (Soheili-nejad, 2021).According to research (Rezai, Rezapour-Mirsaleh, & Aryanpour, 2023), the increase in gamophobia related to this is associated with a decrease in existential anxiety. Regrettably, in recent times, existential anxiety has been on the rise in younger generations, causing significant psychological harm. This type of anxiety often results in isolation and the withdrawal of young people from their communities (Hossieni Abardeh & Ninam, 2021), which can lead to gamophobia among them.On the other hand, another variable that can be related to anxiety is hardiness (Bakhshipour & Fardin Far, 2022). One's mental health is affected by various factors, including psychological hardiness. Individuals with high psychological hardiness perceive stressful situations as challenges to be faced, according to research (Kowalski & Schermer, 2019). As a result, the problem of the present research was to test the mediating role of psychological hardiness in the relationship between existential anxiety and gamophobia.MethodologyThis research is focused on applying a structural equation model. The study gathered data from Islamic Azad University students, Sardasht branch with a sample size of 380 selected using available sampling method. To collect data, three standard questionnaires were used: Richard's Gamophobia Questionnaire (2007), the Good and Good Existential Anxiety Questionnaire (1974), and the Ahvaz Psychological Hardiness Questionnaire (2017). The data was analyzed using PLS software.ResultsAccording to Table 1, among the participants, the highest age frequency was related to the age group of 25-31 and the lowest frequency was related to 46-48.The results indicated that there is a relationship between existential anxiety and psychological hardiness, the hypothesis was confirmed with 99% confidence (T=5.695, p=0.000) (p˂0.01). There is a relationship between existential anxiety and gamophobia; the hypothesis was confirmed with 99% confidence (T=19.844, p=0.000) (p<0.01). There is a relationship between psychological hardiness and gamophobia; the hypothesis was confirmed with 99% confidence (T=6.026, p=0.000) (p˂0.01).DiscussionThe first hypothesis showed that existential anxiety is related to gamophobia with the mediation of psychological hardiness. Regarding the relationship between existential anxiety and psychological hardiness, the findings of the present study are in line with previous studies (Gasiorowska, Zaleskiewicz & Kesebir, 2018).The second research hypothesis indicated that existential anxiety is related to psychological hardiness. Regarding the relationship between existential anxiety and psychological hardiness, the findings of the present study are consistent with previous studies (Maddi, Deorah, Khoshaba & et al, 2010).The third hypothesis of the research indicated that psychological hardiness is related to the gamophobia.ConclusionThe results of this research can help marriage and family counselors and also help colleagues and researchers for future research in determining the relationships of gamophobia. One limitation of this research was the absence of sufficient background information, making it challenging to clarify certain assumptions. Additionally, the use of questionnaires and quantitative data without measuring qualitative variables relating to gamophobia is another limitation that may impact the generalization of the findings. After analyzing the results, it is recommended to conduct training workshops for students to enhance their psychological resilience. AcknowledgementsWe extend our sincere gratitude to the students and officials of Islamic Azad University, Sardasht branch for their active participation in our research. Their cooperation is greatly appreciated. FundingThe article is taken from the doctoral dissertation of the first author entitled "Investigating the Relationship between Self-Esteem, Existential Anxiety and Conflict Resolution Styles with Gamophobia with the Mediation of Psychological Hardiness of Students of Islamic Azad University, Sardasht Branch." The study was conducted at the personal expense of researchers.Ethics approval and consent to participate All participants voluntarily completed an informed consent form to participate in the study and were assured that the questionnaires would be anonymous and completely confidential.Conflict of interest: Researchers allow the journal to publish this article. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - The role of achievement motivation, personality traits and psychological hardiness in predicting social anxiety of educable mentally retarded students
Sara Parsaie Sara Haghighat jamal ashooriThis research aimed to investigate the role of achievement motivation, personality traits and psychological hardiness in predicting social anxiety of educable mentally retarded students. Present research was a cross-sectional from type of correlation. The research popul MoreThis research aimed to investigate the role of achievement motivation, personality traits and psychological hardiness in predicting social anxiety of educable mentally retarded students. Present research was a cross-sectional from type of correlation. The research population included all educable mentally retarded students of Varamin city in 2017-18 academic years that from them 130 people were selected by simple sampling method. All of them completed the questionnaires of achievement motivation (Hermans, 1970), personality traits (Costa & McCrae, 1992), psychological hardiness (Kobasa, 1979) and social anxiety (Connor & et al, 2000). The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multiple regression with enter model methods. The findings showed there was a positive and significant relationship between the achievement motivation, extroversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness and psychological hardiness with social anxiety of educable mentally retarded students and there was a negative and significant relationship between the neuroticism with social anxiety of educable mentally retarded students. Also the variables of achievement motivation, neuroticism, extroversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness and psychological hardiness significantly could predict the social anxiety of educable mentally retarded students (p<0/05). According to findings of this research counselors and experts consider the symptoms of achievement motivation, personality traits and psychological hardiness and based on design and implemente programs to decrease the social anxiety of educable mentally retarded students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Structural Equations’ Modeling Relationship between Dimensions of Psychological Capital and mental Hardiness of Employees of Bojnourd Municipality
hajar elahi behrang esmaeili shadThe purpose of the study is to consider the relationship between the dimensions of psychological capital and mental hardiness. The research method is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population consisted of 220 employees in Bojnourd municipality that accor MoreThe purpose of the study is to consider the relationship between the dimensions of psychological capital and mental hardiness. The research method is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population consisted of 220 employees in Bojnourd municipality that according to the Kerjesi-Morgan (1970) table, 155 person were selected by simple random method. The data were collected by questionnaires. Lutans(2007) psychological Capital and hardiness Long and Gollet (1989) questionnaire which their reliability was estimated by Cronbach's alpha (89%) and (84%) and the validity were formal and content type.. The result showed with regard to the amount of path coefficient obtained, 72% and 5/73%, there is a significant relationship between psychological capital and mental hardiness. The coefficients of path between self-efficacy and subjective hardiness of employees were 49% and t-statistic for this coefficient was 6/67, which showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between self-efficacy and mental hardiness. The path coefficient between employees' mental hardiness and hopefulness is 64%. t-statistic for this relationship (6/97) showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between hope and mental hardiness. The amount of path coefficient among the resiliency and mental hardiness of the staff (50%) and the t-value for this coefficient ( 5.50 )showed that there were a positive and significant relationship between the resiliency and mental hardiness of the staff. the path coefficient of relationship between optimism and subjective hardiness of employees ( 73%) and the value of t (7/17) showed there is positive relationship between optimism and mental hardiness of employees. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Relationship between neuroticism, agreeableness and social conscientiousness with job burnout by moderating role of psychological hardiness in satellite staff of National Iranian Drilling Company.
Raziyeh Zabolzadeh bagheban somayeh esmaeliyThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between neuroticism, agreeableness and conscientiousness with job burnout and the moderating role of psychological hardiness in satellite staff of Iran National Drilling Company. The research method is a desc MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between neuroticism, agreeableness and conscientiousness with job burnout and the moderating role of psychological hardiness in satellite staff of Iran National Drilling Company. The research method is a descriptive correlational design. The statistical population of the study consisted of all the staff of the National Iranian Drilling Company in 2018, of which 161 were selected through available sampling method, and copleted The Neo Characteristics Questionnaire (Costa and McCrae, 1992), Psychological Hardiness Questionnaire (Kyamarthi, 1997), and Burnout Job Questionnaire (Maslach, 1982). Data were analyzed using regression analysis and SPSS-22 software. The results of the data analysis showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between neuroticism and job burnout. There is also a negative and significant relationship between agreeableness and conscientiousness with job burnout. Also, psychological hardiness could moderate the relationship between predictive variables and job burnout. Keywords: Neuroticism, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Psychological Hardiness, Job Burnout. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Investigate the model of predicting competitive anxiety based on emotion regulation by considering the mediating role of psychological hardiness in national team athletes
Mitra Naghipour ghezeljeh Javad Khalatbari Shohreh Ghorban Shiroudi Taher TizdastThe aim of the present study was to investigate the model of predicting competitive anxiety based on emotion regulation by considering the mediating role of psychological hardiness in national team athletes. The research method was descriptive and structural modeling of MoreThe aim of the present study was to investigate the model of predicting competitive anxiety based on emotion regulation by considering the mediating role of psychological hardiness in national team athletes. The research method was descriptive and structural modeling of structural equations. The statistical population in this study included all athletes of individual and team national teams in 2019. The sample number was 300 athletes who were selected based on the criteria of entry and exit of the research and available. The research tools included the Cubasa Hardiness Questionnaire (1989), the Garnefsky Emotional Cognitive Regulation Questionnaire (2006), the Competitive Anxiety Scale of Martens et al. (1990), and the Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by structural equation modeling method. The results of data analysis showed that the model of predicting competitive anxiety based on emotion regulation strategies has a favorable fit considering the role of hardiness mediation based on experimental data. Also, the direct and indirect effect of emotion regulation, resilience and mindfulness on competitive anxiety of athletes was confirmed (p <0.05). Hardiness also directly affects athletes' competitive anxiety (p <0.05). The results showed that emotion regulation strategies are significant, with competitive anxiety in relation to them and open strategy in the negative and inhibition strategy in the form of positive changes in each of the items that are called anxiety, if the results from the journal Indicate that they play an effective role in the dimensions of competitive anxiety, and that the taekwondo anxiety levels of anxiety are commensurate with these strategies. Explaining why there is a significant relationship between emotion regulation and competitive anxiety depends on considering the components of these variables. Self-management, as one of the components of emotion regulation, indicates the ability of a person to manage his behaviors in different situations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - The causal relationship between psychological hardiness and perceived social support with psychological well-being in students with a history of coronavirus and no history of the disease: The mediating role of fear and anxiety of corona disease
Aida Moarrefzadeh Mehdi AghapourThe aim of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between psychological hardiness and perceived social support with psychological well-being and the mediating role of fear and anxiety of corona disease in students with a history of coronavirus and student MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between psychological hardiness and perceived social support with psychological well-being and the mediating role of fear and anxiety of corona disease in students with a history of coronavirus and students without a history of the disease. The research design was descriptive-correlational through structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population of the study included all students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in 2020-2021. From this population, 250 students were selected by convenience sampling method. The instruments used in this study included the Kiamarsi et al.’ Psychological Hardness Scale (1998), Zimet et al.’ Perceived Social Support Scale (1990), Weisi et al.’ Fear of Disease Coronaviruses Scale (2020), Alipour et al.’ Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (2020), and Ryff and Keyes’ Psychological Well-Being Scale (1995). The goodness of fit of the proposed model was examined through structural equation modeling (SEM), using Amos-24 software packages. Indirect effects were also investigated using the bootstrap method. Also, comparison between students with a history of coronavirus and students without was performed by multi-group modeling structural equations in AMOS-24 software. The results showed that psychological hardiness, perceived social support, fear of corona disease, and anxiety of corona disease have a direct effect on psychological well-being (p<0.05). Also, the findings showed that anxiety of corona disease mediated the relationship between psychological hardiness and psychological well-being (p<0.05). Finally, the results showed that the path of anxiety of corona disease to psychological well-being is stronger in students with a history of coronavirus than students without a history of coronavirus (p<0.05). In general, according to the findings of this study, anxiety and fear of diseases such as coronavirus are factors affecting psychological well-being, but positive traits such as psychological toughness and perceived social support are also important factors affecting people's mental health and well-being. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - The relationship between prefectionism , hardiness, happiness and mental health with Academic performance of students Islamic Azad university of Ahvaz.
rezvan homaeiThis study investigated the relationship of perfectionism, hardiness, happiness and mental health with academic performance of students in Islamic Azad university of Ahvaz. The study sample, included 140 students of Azad university Ahvaz when where category randomly sty MoreThis study investigated the relationship of perfectionism, hardiness, happiness and mental health with academic performance of students in Islamic Azad university of Ahvaz. The study sample, included 140 students of Azad university Ahvaz when where category randomly style selected out of the all college of humanities students of this university. For data collection, this study made use of Ahvaz perfectionism scale (APS), Ahvaz Hardiness Inventory (AHI), oxford happiness Inventory (OHI), Najariyan and Davoodi mental health (SCL-25) and more over student's average was considered as criterion for getting a better picture of their education. The analysis of data which was contented with Pierson correlation and multiple regression. The results revealed significant relationship between perfectionism, hardiness, happiness and mental health with academic performance. Result also showed that there was a multiple relationship between hardiness, perfectionism, happiness and mental health with academic performance. The result also indicated that the mental health was a significant predictor for academic performance (the criterion variable). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Investigation of increasing surface hardness of 316L stainless steel using amorphous aluminum phosphate coating
tara bazdar Abdolmajid Eslami ahmad monshi Fatemehsadat Sayyedan Alireza AbbaslooIn this study, amorphous aluminum phosphate coating was applied on 316L stainless steel surface to increase hardness and chemical resistance. Amorphous means no crystal structure and grain boundaries due to the lack of weaknesses related to these two parameters. In this MoreIn this study, amorphous aluminum phosphate coating was applied on 316L stainless steel surface to increase hardness and chemical resistance. Amorphous means no crystal structure and grain boundaries due to the lack of weaknesses related to these two parameters. In this synthesis, ethanol-based aluminum nitrate nonahydrate and phosphorus oxide precursor solutions were used. It was heated to 70 ° C for 15 minutes to obtain a clear sol with 75% by weight of aluminum phosphate and a molar ratio of aluminum to phosphorus of 1.75. After activating the surface of steel plates and immersion in aluminum phosphate sol, it was heated in three stages of one minute for 24 hours at 65 ° C and 30 minutes at 500 ° C. Continuous X-RAY diffraction pattern proved the existence of an amorphous structure and showed that it is controlled with some extra aluminum. Scanning electron microscopy images and spectroscopic analysis showed that the peeling of the coating in marble-activated samples was better than that of Aqua-Regia and Loria. The microhardness test on the heat-treated sample at 500 ° C showed a threefold increase in hardness compared to the substrate metal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - بررسی خواص پوشش سرامیکی SiO2-TiO2-Al2O3-MgO ایجاد شده بر روی فولاد زنگ‌نزن 316 در کوره ماکروویو
رعنا سیفی ابراهیم نجفی بیرگانی -
Open Access Article
36 - تأثیر سختی و سرعت دورانی ابزار بر روی استحکام کششی و ریزسختی اتصالات نامشابه آلومینیوم 6061-T6 و آلومینیوم 7075-T6در جوشکاری اصطکاکی اغتشاشی نقطه‌ای
فرج اله ضامن علی حیدری مقدم -
Open Access Article
37 - The Role of Motivational Aspects of Time Management on Creativity of Students at Tabriz University
Rahim Badri Gorgori Fariba HosseiniBackground: From a theoretical perspective, creativity has been defined as the production or generation of novel and valuable ideas, products, or processes by an individual or group. Creativity is a function of available time and is negatively related to time pressure e MoreBackground: From a theoretical perspective, creativity has been defined as the production or generation of novel and valuable ideas, products, or processes by an individual or group. Creativity is a function of available time and is negatively related to time pressure experienced. Objective: This research was conducted to determine the relation between perceived control of time, tenacity, preference for disorganization with creativity of students at the Tabriz University. Method: Some 240 students from Tabriz University were selected by random cluster sampling method. Data was gathered through Torrance tests of creative thinking and Time management attitude and motivational aspects scale. Data was analyzed by AMOS software and with path analysis. Findings: The results showed that creativity was predicted directly by perceived control of time (β=0/22) and preference for disorganization (β= -0/18). In addition, results showed although direct effects of the tenacity on creativity were not significant, but it had indirect effect on creativity by perceived control of time (β= -0/09). Conclusion: The results suggest that perceived control of time and preference for organization may be necessary for the effective exploitation of creative ideas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Environmantal geology and assess groundwater quality in Alut area (Kurdestan Province) with help of hydrochemical parameters
SeyedVahid ShahrokhiThe main aim of this paper is the hydrochemical evaluation of groundwater and Its impact on the quality of groundwater resources in order to check its suitability for drinking and irrigation In Alut area located in northwestern Iran. Geologically, metamorphism rocks are MoreThe main aim of this paper is the hydrochemical evaluation of groundwater and Its impact on the quality of groundwater resources in order to check its suitability for drinking and irrigation In Alut area located in northwestern Iran. Geologically, metamorphism rocks are present in most parts of the Alut area for example Gneiss, Green schist, sericite schist, slate and metaryholite. In order to evaluation of groundwater quality and hydrochemical assesment, samples were taken from 50 wells and springs in the study area and the amount of heavy metals as well as its various parameters were measured. In the studied area, the groundwater facies belong to the calcic bicarbonate type and generally hard water due to the total hardness. In terms of EC and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Na% and residual sodium carbonate (RSC), the groundwater is totally suitable for irrigation. Moreover, dissolved heavy elements concentrations in the groundwater of the Alut area have the safe limits which recommended by the WHO. Based on the ionic ratios, Gibbs diagram, saturation index and multivariate analysis indicate that silicate sources had a relatively large impact on water chemistry in the Alut area. These calculations also showed that the groundwater source in the Alut area generally originated from weathering and interactions between silicate water and rock. Based on these studies, ground waters in Alut area are suitable for drinking, irrigation and agriculture and are chemically of a calcium bicarbonate type, and hard. Statistical studies show similar results between factor analysis and cluster analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Predicting Emotional Divorce Based on Conflict Control Styles and Psychological Hardiness in Couples
Nahid Azimi Saeedeh Sadat Hosseini Mokhtar Arefi Shima ParandinPurpose: The aim of this study was to predict emotional divorce based on conflict control styles and psychological hardiness in couples. Methodology: This research was descriptive and correlational in terms of practical purpose and data collection method. The statistica MorePurpose: The aim of this study was to predict emotional divorce based on conflict control styles and psychological hardiness in couples. Methodology: This research was descriptive and correlational in terms of practical purpose and data collection method. The statistical population of this study included all couples in Kermanshah in 2017 that had referred to counseling centers. The statistical sample of this study was 200 people. Couples (100 couples) were selected using available and voluntary sampling methods from counseling centers and psychological clinics. The research tools included Ahvaz Hardship Questionnaire (1998); Murray & Strauss Conflict Resolution Control Styles Questionnaire (1999) and Razeghi Emotional Divorce Scale (2009). Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and Amos modeling software at a significance level of 0.05. Results: Research findings showed that psychological Hardiness had a significant relationship with emotional divorce of couples in Kermanshah and there was a significant relationship between conflict control styles and emotional divorce of couples. There was also a significant relationship between conflict control styles and psychological stubbornness of couples. Also, the results of regression test showed that the two variables of psychological Hardiness and conflict control styles can predict positive and significant emotional divorce in couples(P<0.005). Conclusion: According to the findings, high psychological distress can prevent emotional divorce and the higher the psychological Hardiness of individuals, the less likely they are to experience emotional divorce Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - The Effect of Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy on Emotion Regulation and Health Hardiness in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Gholamreza Sanagouye Moharer Fatemeh Soghra Karbalai Harafteh Fatemeh Kahaki Razieh Khosravi Hanieh NobakhtPurpose: Present study was conducted aimed to determine the effect of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy on emotion regulation and health hardiness in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methodology: This study was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test desig MorePurpose: Present study was conducted aimed to determine the effect of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy on emotion regulation and health hardiness in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methodology: This study was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with control group. The research population was patients with type 2 diabetes of Zahedan city in 2020 year. The research sample were 40 people who were selected by available sampling method and randomly replaced into two equal groups. The experimental group 8 sessions of 90-minute underwent the intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy and the control group did not see any training. The research tools were the Gross and John emotion regulation questionnaire (2003) and Gebhardt and et al revised health hardiness inventory (2001). Data were analyzed by methods of chi-square, independent t and multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS version 25 software.Findings: The findings showed that the experimental and control groups had not significantly different in terms of age, gender, education, marriage and duration of disease (P>0.05). Also, the groups in the pre-test stage had not significantly different in terms of emotion regulation and health hardiness (P>0.05), but in the post-test stage had significantly different in terms of both variables (P<0.05). In the other words, intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy significantly increased emotion regulation and health hardiness in patients with type 2 diabetes (P<0.001).Conclusion: Due to the effect of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy on increasing emotion regulation and health hardiness, planning is necessary for the use of this treatment. As a result, health professionals and therapists can use intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy along with other therapies methods to improve the psychological characteristics, especially improving emotion regulation and health hardiness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - The Relationship between Psychological Well-Being and Psychological Hardiness with Marital Intimacy in Married Women of Qom City
Monireh Nekokerdaran Mahshid Izadi Mojgan MardaniPurpose: Marital intimacy plays an important role in family strength. Therefore, the aim of this study was investigate the relationship between psychological well-being and psychological hardiness with marital intimacy in married women.Methodology: The present study was MorePurpose: Marital intimacy plays an important role in family strength. Therefore, the aim of this study was investigate the relationship between psychological well-being and psychological hardiness with marital intimacy in married women.Methodology: The present study was cross-sectional from type of correlation. The research population was married women who referred to Sadra counseling center in Qom city in 2020 year with number of 240 people. According to Cochran's formula, the sample size was estimated 144 people who were selected by simple random sampling method. The research instruments were the scales of psychological well-being (Ryff, 1989), psychological hardiness (Lang, Goulet and Amsel, 2003) and marital intimacy (Walker and Thompson, 1983). Data were analyzed by methods of Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with enter model in SPSS-21 software.Findings: The findings showed that psychological well-being (and all six components including self-acceptance, positive relationships with others, autonomy, environment mastery, purpose in life and personal growth) and psychological hardiness (and all three components including control, commitment and challenge) had a positive and significant relationship with marital intimacy in married women (P˂0.001). Also, the variables of psychological well-being and psychological hardiness significantly able to explained 53%, six components of psychological well-being significantly able to explained 67% and three components of psychological hardiness significantly able to explained 37% of the changes of marital intimacy in married women (P˂0.001).Conclusion: The results indicated the positive and significant relationship of psychological well-being and psychological hardiness with marital intimacy in married women and their role in explaining their marital intimacy. Therefore, to promote marital intimacy can be improved the psychological well-being and psychological hardiness Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Vibration inverse problem for spring-mass systems
محمدرضا تابش پورInverse problem for spring-mass systems called shear structures is presented in this paper. Shear structure is a system with spring and mass after each other and there is a spring between two masses. Damping effects are neglected here. The aim is determining the mass an MoreInverse problem for spring-mass systems called shear structures is presented in this paper. Shear structure is a system with spring and mass after each other and there is a spring between two masses. Damping effects are neglected here. The aim is determining the mass and stiffness of the system with pre assigned frequencies. There is a method for solving such a problem that is presented here. Some examples are discussed. Such a problem can be used for several important problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Simulation and study of the effect of variation in carbon and manganese elements on steel 1050 heat treatment (quenching) using AC3 software
Mehdi RafieiThe effect of the amount and type of metal elements in the steel as well as its subsequent effects on microstructure and mechanical properties during the heat treatment process is a proven issue. In this paper, the effect of two important elements, carbon and manganese, MoreThe effect of the amount and type of metal elements in the steel as well as its subsequent effects on microstructure and mechanical properties during the heat treatment process is a proven issue. In this paper, the effect of two important elements, carbon and manganese, on steel 1050 heat treatment, quenching, is investigated. The results of the simulation including, relation between wight percentage variation of them and the effects on surface and depth hardness and also the hardness behavior are analyzed using AC3 software. The elements used in this study were carbon and manganese (%C & %Mn), for either of them the hardness diagram and its behavior at the surface and depth have been prepared. The comparison of the simulation results with the experimental data showed relatively good adaptation. This method can be used in other steels and this software has a very good accuracy to study the effects of elements on the heat treatment of steels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Experimental investigation of microstructure of aluminum alloy in ECAP process with comparison of two round and square cross sections
Mehdi RafieiPressing materials in ECAP angular molds is one of the forming methods and processes that is done in order to create high strains and stiffness with microstructural improvement. Using angle forming in molds with high pressure, and due to the certation of work hardening MorePressing materials in ECAP angular molds is one of the forming methods and processes that is done in order to create high strains and stiffness with microstructural improvement. Using angle forming in molds with high pressure, and due to the certation of work hardening phenomena, microstructural improvement, good mechanical properties and high flexibility can be achieved. In this paper, the quality of microstructure changes and the improvement of conditions and mechanical strength using the pressing method for aluminum alloy (6xxx) in an angular form is investigated. In this way the prepared forms have two square and circular cross sections and the samples were pressed through the angular pass only one time. The results of the studies showed that by pressing the samples, the structure was improved and uniform microstructure achieved. In the meantime, the samples with a circular cross-section showed better conditions of the effects of work hardening and structural improvement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Finite Element Model Updating Using Response Function Method
Mohamad Reza Ashory Hamid Daiyan Ehsan JamshidiStructural dynamics model updating has been defined as the adjustment of an existing analytical model using experimental data so that the model reflects the dynamic behavior of the structure more accurately. The aim of the present study was to develop a MATLAB program f MoreStructural dynamics model updating has been defined as the adjustment of an existing analytical model using experimental data so that the model reflects the dynamic behavior of the structure more accurately. The aim of the present study was to develop a MATLAB program for FRF based updating structural dynamics models. Analytically generated test cases and experimental data for the 5-DOF lumped parameter system showed that the RFM can locate modeling errors in the realistic case of noisy and incomplete experimental data. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - بررسی رابطه سرسختی روانشناسی با امید به زندگی در بیماران سرطانی
علی قدیمی رقیه شاهانی -
Open Access Article
47 - The causal model of academic achievement based on the hardiness and perception of the classroom environment with the mediation of academic engagement
Fozieh Elhampour hamzeh Ganji Kadije Abolmaali AlhosaniAbstract Academic achievement is one of the indicators of the academic success and development of societies. The aim of this study was to explain a model of causal prediction of students' academi achievement based on hardiness and perception of the classroom environment MoreAbstract Academic achievement is one of the indicators of the academic success and development of societies. The aim of this study was to explain a model of causal prediction of students' academi achievement based on hardiness and perception of the classroom environment by mediation of the academic engagement. Research method was correlation. A sample size of 300 of all (1411) male and female students of the third grade in empirical science course of high school in Dezful in 1393-94 was selected using multi-stage random sampling. They answered Kobasa.'S hardiness questionnaire (1994), Reliability =0/68,Index fit (GFI=0/93, RMSEA=0/074), Gentry, Gable and Rizza perception of the classroom environment (2002), Reliability=0/81, (GFI=0/93 (RMSEA=0/063) and Pintrich & De Groot academic engagement (1994), Reliability=0/90, (GFI=0/94, RMSEA=0/058).The data analyzed by structural equation modeling. Results showed that model, was good fit by data. Direct effect of the academic engagement on academic achievement was0/32, perception of the classroom environment on academic engagement was 0/758 and Indirect effect of the perception of the classroom environment on academic achievement by mediation of the academic engagement was0/24, which all (p<0/0001) were meaningful. Effect of the hardiness on academic achievement was -0/29 (p<0/0001) and meaningful. On the whole, hardiness and perception of the classroom environment explained16/7% of the variance of academic achievement and perception of the classroom environment explained 57/9 % of the variance of academic engagement. Thus, it is necessary that planners and teachers provide opportunities for activating and benefiting from challenging assignments for students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Relationship between Family Communication Patterns coherence and flexibility with Psychological well-being: mediating of hardiness in students
kobra kazemianmoghadam Homayoon Haroon RashidiAbstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between Family communication patterns family, coherence and flexibility with Psychological well-being by mediating of hardiness in students. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The MoreAbstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between Family communication patterns family, coherence and flexibility with Psychological well-being by mediating of hardiness in students. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The research population consisted of all secondary school students in Dezful and a sample of 390 students who were selected by cluster random sampling method. To measure variables, psychological well-being questionnaires (Riff 1989), family communication patterns (Rithchie and Fitzpatrick, 1998), family flexibility (Shakeri, 2003), family cohesion (Samani, 2002), and Ahvaz's Hardiness (Qumarsi, 1998) were used. The results showed that communication patterns, coherence and family flexibility and hardiness with psychological well-being of students were significant. The results of path analysis showed that direct and indirect relationships in the proposed model were significant and the relationships between these variables had acceptable fit. Therefore, based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that psychological hardiness has a mediating role in the relationship between communication patterns, family coherence and flexibility with psychological well-being. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - An investigation of the relationship between tenacity and attributional style with problem-solving coping strategy and mental health
ebrahim alizadeh hasan ahadi farhad jamhari reza karaminiyaThe aim of the present study was to investigate the interrelations among hardiness and attributional styles in predicting coping strategies and mental health. Participants were 361 (195 males, 166 females) college students aged 19 to 49(M age=26.81 years, SD=6.42). Main MoreThe aim of the present study was to investigate the interrelations among hardiness and attributional styles in predicting coping strategies and mental health. Participants were 361 (195 males, 166 females) college students aged 19 to 49(M age=26.81 years, SD=6.42). Main results were as follows;(a) Hardiness and optimistic attributional style were significant predictors of mental health (b) Hardiness and attributional styles explained significant proportion of variance in problem focused coping, and semipartial correlations have shown that optimistic attributional style is more important predictor of intensity of problem focused coping comparing with the two other variables (hardiness and pessimistic attributional style); (c) Pessimistic attributional style and hardiness were contributed significantly to the prediction of emotion focused coping. In this study, optimistic attributional style did not show any significant contribution to the prediction of emotion focused coping. The findings have implications for all professionals and scholars interested in stress reduction and mental health enhancment among college student population. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Perdiction of Addiction Potential Based on Psychological hardiness and Cognitive Emotion Regulation
Ali Khalegkhah Nasim Mesrkhani habibeh najafi The aim of this study was to predict the Addiction Potential Based on Psychological hardiness and cognitive emotion regulation in Students. The design of this study was correlational and statistical population comprised of all More The aim of this study was to predict the Addiction Potential Based on Psychological hardiness and cognitive emotion regulation in Students. The design of this study was correlational and statistical population comprised of all students in University og Mohaghegh Ardabili in the academic year 2017-2018, from this population 377 students were selected using Cluster random sampling, from this pupolation, 356 questionnaires was analyzed. The tools were Zargar and et al Addiction potential scale (1992), Kobasa and et al hardiness questionnaire (1997) and Granfsky and et al cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (2001). Data analysis was performed through Pearson’s correlation coefficient and regression analysis. The finding showed negative significant correlation between Psychological hardiness and positive cognitive-emotional regulation strategies (Acceptance, positive refocusing, refocus on planning, positive reappraisal, perspective) (r = - 0.30; p < 0.01) and positive significant correlation between Negative cognitive-emotional regulation strategies (Self-blame, Rumination, catastrophizing, blaming others) (r = 0.26; p < 0.01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - The prediction of competitive anxiety based on psychological hardiness, resilience and stress coping strategies of athlete teens
Farideh Ebrahimi Bejdani Parenaz Banisi Hamidreza Vatankhah The purpose of this study was to study prediction of competitive anxiety based on psychological hardiness, resilience and stress coping strategies of athlete teens. The quantitative- correlation method was used. The statistical population consists of More The purpose of this study was to study prediction of competitive anxiety based on psychological hardiness, resilience and stress coping strategies of athlete teens. The quantitative- correlation method was used. The statistical population consists of all the adolescent athletes referred to sports clubs in Tehran in year 2020. In this study, according to convenience sampling method, 200 adolescent athletes by formula Plant of Tabachnick and et al (2007) were selected as samples and they were asked to fill revised competitive state anxiety inventory (RCSAI) of Cox and et al (2003), psychological hardiness scale (PHS) of Lang and et al (2003), resilience scale (CD-RISC) of Connor and Davidson (2003) and ways of coping questionnaire (WCQ) of Lazarus and Folkman's (1998). The data were analyzed by tests of Pearson correlation and multivariate regression. Findings showed that there was negative and significant correlation between psychological hardiness, resilience and problem oriented stress coping strategies with competitive anxiety athlete teens (P<0/01). Also, findings showed that there was positive and significant correlation between emotion oriented stress coping strategies with competitive anxiety (P<0/01). Regression analyses also revealed that %68 of variance of competitive anxiety was explained by psychological hardiness, %51/7 was explained by resilience and %81/5 of variance of competitive anxiety was explained by stress coping strategies. This study confirmed the significant contribution of psychological hardiness, resilience and stress coping strategies on competitive anxiety of athlete teens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Health tenacity, toughness, mental and general health of the employees of the Ministry of Agriculture
Talaat Saeedi Nimtaj Sayah Sayari Hamid Reza Hossien Shahi BarouatiThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between health and hardiness tenacity with the public health field staff Ministry of Agricultural Jihad. -28 responded. Results: The mental toughness and physical health and general health of the public and publi MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between health and hardiness tenacity with the public health field staff Ministry of Agricultural Jihad. -28 responded. Results: The mental toughness and physical health and general health of the public and public health anxiety there is a significant negative relationship. Between mental toughness and social functioning and general health of a significant positive relationship exists. Mental toughness and general health of the relationship between depressions there is no significant negative. Between toughness and tenacity overall health, there is a significant correlation between mental. Tenacity significant relationship between overall health and there is no challenge. Overall health, and the relationship between hardiness there is no significant inhibition. There is a significant relationship between commitment and after a tough overall health. Results between health tenacity, toughness, mental and general health are related. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - The effectiveness of psychological toughness training on sexual satisfaction and marital conflicts in couples with emotional divorce
Zahra Najafi Rozita Fagimi FarhadiAbstractThe present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of psychological toughness training on sexual satisfaction and marital conflicts in couples with emotional divorce. This research was a semi-experimental design. The statistical population of the MoreAbstractThe present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of psychological toughness training on sexual satisfaction and marital conflicts in couples with emotional divorce. This research was a semi-experimental design. The statistical population of the research was all couples applying for divorce in Tabriz city in 2022, and 30 of them were selected. In order to collect information, sexual satisfaction and marital conflicts questionnaires and psychological toughness protocol were used. The collected data were analyzed with the help of descriptive statistical methods of mean and standard deviation and inferential statistical methods of multivariate covariance analysis using SPSS software. The results showed that psychological toughness training can increase sexual satisfaction and reduce marital conflicts in couples with emotional divorce, which is significant at the P<.1 level.Keywords: psychological toughness, sexual satisfaction, marital conflicts, emotional divorceKeywords: psychological toughness, sexual satisfaction, marital conflicts, emotional divorceKeywords: psychological toughness, sexual satisfaction, marital conflicts, emotional divorce Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - مقایسه شادکامی، معنای زندگی و سرسختی روانشناختی در زنان بارور و نابارور شهر سنندج
جلال غریبی حسن غریبی کویستان محمدیان -
Open Access Article
55 - مقایسه اضطراب اجتماعی، خود کارآمدی و سرسختی روانشناختی دانش‌آموزان دوره دوم متوسطه با سطوح جرأت‌‌ورزی متفاوت
عبداله محمدیان شعله لیوارجانی معصومه آزموده -
Open Access Article
56 - A Comparison of Psychological Hardiness and Sensation Seeking in Hookah Smokers and Normal Subjects in Tehran
mina oleaee Farshad bahariPersonality factors are among the effective factors in being oriented toward drug abuse such as cigarette and hookah. In this regard, sensation seeking and psychological hardiness are strong predictive factors for the onset of using different kinds of drugs. Therefore, MorePersonality factors are among the effective factors in being oriented toward drug abuse such as cigarette and hookah. In this regard, sensation seeking and psychological hardiness are strong predictive factors for the onset of using different kinds of drugs. Therefore, the present study psychological hardiness and sensation seeking among hookah smokers and normal subjects (18-25 years old) in Tehran. To achieve this goal, a descriptive research method of causal-comparative type was used. The statistical society was all of the teenagers and the young between 18 to 25 years old, of Farahzad occasional outing in Tehran. The statistical sample consisted of 160 subjects who were selected using simple random sampling. The measurement tool was psychological hardiness scale and sensation seeking scale of Zuckerman. To analyze the data in descriptive level, mean statistics and standard deviation were used and in inferential level, variance analysis test has been used. The results show that there is a significant difference between the psychological hardiness and sensation seeking of hookah smokers and normal subjects. the findings from data analysis, it can be concluded that hookah smokers have lower psychological hardiness and higher sensation seeking compared to normal subjects. In addition, male subjects have higher sensation seeking and lower psychological hardiness compared to female subjects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - The Study of Self-efficacy, Social Anxiety and Psychological Hardiness Among High School Students with Different Levels of Happiness
Sholeh Livarjani Abdollah Mohammadin Mahsomeh AzmodeThe purpose of this study was to compare the self-efficacy, social anxiety and psychological hardiness among the high schools’ students with high and low levels of happiness. The research design of this study is causal-comparative. The population of this study inc MoreThe purpose of this study was to compare the self-efficacy, social anxiety and psychological hardiness among the high schools’ students with high and low levels of happiness. The research design of this study is causal-comparative. The population of this study includes Mahabad city high school studentst; according to these 313 students were selected among boy’s high school students of Mahabad city using random cluster sampling and Morgan table. After the consent of the Participants asked them to complete the Oxford Happiness questionnaire, Lang and Goulet psychological Hardiness, Sherer Self-efficacy and Social Anxiety. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance and T independent groups test on 2 high and low level of happiness groups. The results showed that there is a significant difference between students with high and low levels of happiness in self-efficacy, social anxiety (Physiological discomfort component) and psychological hardiness (control component) scales. Among subjects with high happiness, they report high difference in psychological hardiness (control component) than the group with low happiness and also the show lower social anxiety than the group with low happiness, which is statistically significant. In other components, these differences were not significant. Based on the results, happiness can play a decisive and influential role on other traits and behaviors, and it increases the level of self-efficacy and psychological hardiness among them, while simultaneously reducing social anxiety Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Survey of Relationship between Psychological Hardiness and Self-toleration and vocational Weariness
Mohammad Narimani Moslem AbbasiThe objective of the current study is to survey the relationship between psychological hardiness and self-toleration, and vocational weariness among the personnel of Ardabil prisons. The survey population includes 100 of the personnel of Ardabil prisons that were select MoreThe objective of the current study is to survey the relationship between psychological hardiness and self-toleration, and vocational weariness among the personnel of Ardabil prisons. The survey population includes 100 of the personnel of Ardabil prisons that were selected by simple random sampling. The following tools were used for data collection: Kobasa’s psychological hardiness questionnaire, toleration questionnaire of Conover and Davidson and Meslash’s vocational weariness. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there is a direct relationship between toleration and psychological hardiness (r=0.409). There is a significant inverse relationship between toleration and emotional analysis (r=-0.386). There is also a significant inverse relationship between toleration and personality metamorphosis (r=-0.379). There is a significant inverse relationship between hardiness and emotional analysis (r=-0.344). There is a significant inverse relationship between hardiness and personality metamorphosis (r=-0.438). There isn’t a significant relationship between toleration and hardiness, and lack of personal successfulness (r=0.083). The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that toleration and hardiness have a significant role in the prediction of vocational weariness of the personnel of Ardabil prisons. It means that toleration and hardiness predict the vocational weariness of the prison personnel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - تولید کامپوزیت پایه فلزی Tio2/Al5083 به وسیله روش فراوری اصطکاکی اغتشاشی (FSP)
رضا عبدی بهنق رسول سالک رستم محمد کاظم بشارتی گیوی -
Open Access Article
60 - Electromechanical Analysis of Coupled Motor-Gearbox Vibrations with Planetary Gears
Seyed Ehsan Masalegoo Ali SoleimaniGearbox and vibrations are two inseparable components of each other. In other words, the nature of the gear meshing in the gearbox has inevitable vibrations due to the impact during the meshing of the teeth. These unavoidable vibrations in some cases cause the gearbox t MoreGearbox and vibrations are two inseparable components of each other. In other words, the nature of the gear meshing in the gearbox has inevitable vibrations due to the impact during the meshing of the teeth. These unavoidable vibrations in some cases cause the gearbox to malfunction, so vibration analyzes are very important and efficient in analyzing gearbox performance and optimizing them. A planetary gearbox has a main gear of the sun as the actuator in the center, several planetary gears around it and a ring gear in which this set rotates and an arm is attached to the planetary gears and acts as the output for the planetary gearbox. In this paper, first to express the desired vibration relations in the planetary gearbox. Then to investigate and apply the relations governing the electric motor in MATLAB software. In the following, the vibration model of the planetary gearbox motor coupling model is simulated in order to observe and analyze the interaction between the electric motor and the planetary gearbox. Frequency spectrum are analyzed to investigate the interaction of motor and planetary gearbox. It should be noted that dynamic modeling and analysis has been performed in ABAQUS software to extract the mesh stiffness of time-varying engagement between the teeth of the two gears involved in the planetary gearbox. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Investigating steel slit dampers behavior in concrete structures
Leila Hosseinzadeh Seyed Majid Alavinia Ali Ghamari Abbas AkbarpourIran is one of the most seismic countries in the world. Therefore, strengthening the existing structures is essential. Utilization of dampers in structures presumed as one of the best and common methods in seismic retrofitting. Dampers are components which are mostly us MoreIran is one of the most seismic countries in the world. Therefore, strengthening the existing structures is essential. Utilization of dampers in structures presumed as one of the best and common methods in seismic retrofitting. Dampers are components which are mostly used in increasing the attenuation and reducing the energy of earthquake. It is determined in various researches that dampers can decrease the displacement which is induced by earthquake efficiently. In these cases, the behavior of most components of structures is remained elastic. In this study, the effects of slit steel dampers (SSD) through concrete structures are evaluated. Therefore, four models of SSD were selected as described in follow: 3 single slit, 3 double slit, 5 single slit and 5 double slit in three thickness of 6, 8 and 10 (mm), which are used in concrete frame with single diagonal brace where connected to beam-column. The effects of increasing the number of slits from 3 to 5, from single to double and increasing the thickness were studied. The results show that by increasing the thickness of dampers, the area of force-displacement diagram, rigidity and strength are increased in frames. The frames which consisted with double 3 slit dampers shows better performance than 5 slit dampers. The frames with single 5 slit dampers by 10 mm thickness, decreased by 4.9% in rigidity, in comparison with double samples. Also, It is decreased in rigidity by 2.9% and 7.3% for single and double models, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Numerical Modeling of the U-Boot Roof Behavior and Its Comparison with the Steel Deck Roofs, Cobiax roof, and Concrete Slabs
Saeed Sharifi Ahmad MalekiUndoubtedly, one of the main and effective members in building structures is the ceiling, and the type of execution of this part of the structure will play a significant role in the speed and quality of the entire structure. The application of old materials and traditio MoreUndoubtedly, one of the main and effective members in building structures is the ceiling, and the type of execution of this part of the structure will play a significant role in the speed and quality of the entire structure. The application of old materials and traditional construction methods no longer meets the desired speed and design needs. In this study, in addition to introducing the structure of U-Boot roof, an attempt has been made to provide a comparative approach in terms of structural performance with other common roofs such as steel deck roof, concrete slab and Cobiax roof. For this purpose, after ensuring the results of modeling using Abacus software, modeling of numerical samples and comparing them with other common ceilings have been done. The results indicate that by comparing concrete slabs, when increasing the compressive strength of the specimens, the amount of final yield load is increased, but after the yield point, the failure of the specimens was immediate. Then the load capacity has remained constant for the same displacement, and with a decrease of 30% in the number of U-Boots and a 20% increase in compressive strength, the amount of load capacity has increased by about 22.32%. Comparing these specimens with the state without reducing the number of U-Boots, it is determined that for each similar sample, the load bearing capacity has increased by 10%. The U-Boot roof also has higher hardness and load-bearing capacity than other roofs and the concrete slab has the lowest load-bearing capacity in the same displacements. The performance of the steel deck roof and the Cobiax roof is also close in terms of bearing capacity, but in terms of the hardness or gradient of the force-displacement curve, the Cobiax roof has shown more hardness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - The Effect of Earthquake Vertical Component on Structures with Mass and Stiffness Irregularities in Height
Masoud Jahanpanah Hossein SohrabzadehThe earthquake vertical component and its influence on the analysis of buildings have long been considered by researchers and design engineers. However, so far, the considerations resulting from the effect of the vertical component of the earthquake in the design of bui MoreThe earthquake vertical component and its influence on the analysis of buildings have long been considered by researchers and design engineers. However, so far, the considerations resulting from the effect of the vertical component of the earthquake in the design of buildings (unless partially in beams) with irregular mass and stiffness in height have not been studied. For this reason, this research is important in order to answer the question regarding impact of earthquake vertical component on buildings, which have irregularity in mass and stiffness in the height. So far, most of the research about the buildings with mass and hardness irregularities in the height has been studied only with respect to the influence of earthquake with horizontal component. However, the 2800 standard does not comprehensively predict the effect of the vertical seismic component on seismic loading, and the only effect of the vertical seismic component according to the 2800 standard is significant for the earthquake prone areas, cantilever beams, beams with a span of more than fifteen meters and beams with remarkable concentrated vertical load. According to the above cases to investigate the influence of seismic vertical component in the buildings with mass and hardness irregularity in the height, three 10-floor structures with steel curving frames, each in a different form on sixth floor, with mass and hardness irregularity, were analyzed. This irregularity is observed in standard 2800 boundary. The structures are then subjected to nonlinear dynamic analysis under five earthquake groups with PGA (Earth Acceleration Peak) values of 0.2g, 0.35g, 0.5g, 0.65g and 0.8g. It should be noted that each group has seven earthquakes that have three accelerometers (two horizontal components and one vertical component). Then, the maximum results of each earthquake are obtained and these results are averaged for each separate group and the obtained result is considered as the final result. The results of nonlinear dynamic analysis presented that through the interference of the vertical seismic component, the amount of drift ratio in the floor containing mass and stiffness irregularity, increased by about 5 to 25 percent and the amount of axial force of the column increased by about 5 to 30 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Study on Behavior of Infilled Composite Steel Frame under Lateral Loading
Hasan PoorMohammad seyedali tabatabayiAbstract In previous earthquakes, the effect of infill in the structures has shown the importance of modeling and evaluating their influences in analyzing and designing the structures. Different modeling methods have been presented up to now in this field. In this rese MoreAbstract In previous earthquakes, the effect of infill in the structures has shown the importance of modeling and evaluating their influences in analyzing and designing the structures. Different modeling methods have been presented up to now in this field. In this research, the effect of infill with various number of stories is investigated by pushover method. The results of this research reveal that the expected behavior of the structures with and without infill differs significantly. Also with increasing the number of stories, values of initial stiffness, periods, shear values and drift in buildings with infill vary basically in comparison with building without infill. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Analytical and Comparative Review of Methods for Determining the Storey Stiffness
mohammad reza tabesh poor azadeh noorifardSoft story has caused the failure of many buildings in previous earthquakes. Several factors such as greater height of columns, removing some columns, lateral bracings, shear walls or infill walls due to architectural design in a story especially ground floor are the ma MoreSoft story has caused the failure of many buildings in previous earthquakes. Several factors such as greater height of columns, removing some columns, lateral bracings, shear walls or infill walls due to architectural design in a story especially ground floor are the main reason of this phenomenon. Most of the seismic codes have criteria for vertical irregularity. This is usually based on the ratio of stiffness between adjacent storeys, but there is no recommendation for calculating the storey stiffness. On the other hand a great number of previous studies on stiffness have focused on approximate methods and exact methods have been almost neglected. In this study, soft storey, weak storey and approximate methods in literature are reviewed and then six exact methods for calculating the storey stiffness by using structural analysis software are investigated. This study is done on 2D reinforced concrete frames. Based on analysis results, method 3 with no modification in the model of structure and the triangular distribution of lateral forces similar to seismic forces has acceptable accuracy and desirable efficiency for designing and controlling structures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Investigation of the Error Rate of Seismic Analysis Methods in Mid-Rise Structures with Lateral Stiffness Irregularity
Vahid Saberi hamid saberi Abbasali Sadeghi mohamadreza nooriBasically, among the various stages that are considered to design a building for earthquake resistance, the decision stage regarding the building configuration is of fundamental importance. One of the important factors that has a significant impact on the seismic perfor MoreBasically, among the various stages that are considered to design a building for earthquake resistance, the decision stage regarding the building configuration is of fundamental importance. One of the important factors that has a significant impact on the seismic performance of the structure is its regularity or irregularity in plan and height. Most buildings with irregular configurations are more damaged by the earthquakes. Therefore, determination of the criteria for detecting various types of irregularities in structures is of particular importance. In this study, in order to investigate the error rate of seismic analysis methods (static equivalent, spectral and time history) in mid-rise structures with stiffness irregularity, four 5-story steel samples with 4 states of stiffness irregularity in height including dual moment frame and bracing system are modeled in SAP software. The results revealed that the equivalent static analysis method always provides conservative and somewhat uneconomical values compared to other methods, so it can be said that for mid-rise buildings, equivalent static analysis is reliable. However, time history analysis is better than spectral analysis for structural behavior during an earthquake. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - The Effect of Cross Beams in Retrofitting of the Roof System with Stress Regulation
Nobakht BakhtyariPlate girders structure is a major industry which is mainly used in the systems covered by these beams. Reducing deflection and decreasing the maximum bending moment can be considered as a development in methodology. By the use of cross beamsor braced beams, element per MorePlate girders structure is a major industry which is mainly used in the systems covered by these beams. Reducing deflection and decreasing the maximum bending moment can be considered as a development in methodology. By the use of cross beamsor braced beams, element perpendicular to the girders is provided. In this paper, the effect of stiffness and distance elements development are studied. Differential equation of degree four governing the behavior of the partial structures which is a quadratic relationship is determined by solving the following mathematical transformations, and the fundamental equations are derived. The resulting equations are solved by a practical problem and the answer to the problem .The modeling results are compared with the SAP2000 program. The findingsshow highly accurate implementation and compliance. It is also revealed that stiffness changing elements within the cross can include different amounts of stress, bending moment and improved cover system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Comparative evaluation of structural behavior of voided biaxial slab with Steel Deck roofs and RC slabs
Nima Khalili Ahmad MalekiThe columns, beam and roof make up the most important members of a building, each of which plays a role in the stability of the structure. These members can be made of different materials that can vary depending on the conditions and type of use of the structure. One of MoreThe columns, beam and roof make up the most important members of a building, each of which plays a role in the stability of the structure. These members can be made of different materials that can vary depending on the conditions and type of use of the structure. One of these materials is concrete that is mostly armed by an armature. One of the major drawbacks of using reinforced concrete is to increase the weight of the structure, and most of the efforts to optimize the structure have been made in order to stretch the members. In recent years, studies have been carried out to light concrete structures, most of which are related to roof styling, which has led to the provision of ceilings that, in addition to maintaining high resistance, significantly lower dead loads than Traditional roofs. Reducing the dead load of the roof has significant benefits to the entire structure, the most important of which is to reduce the earthquake force on the structure, which in turn reduces the sections and reduces the dead load of the structure. One of the roof systems is double-sided hollow ceilings or double-sided bubble slabs. To verify the accuracy of the numerical results, the laboratory test was verified and after checking the results, a numerical sample was considered. In this study, a 12-sample numerical model with Abaqus software was compared to compare the Cobiax roofs with steel deck roofs and concrete slabs. The results obtained in this way is no reduction in the number of spheres is about 1.12 percent more cargo capacity. The importance of this value compared to weight loss roof with a 30% reduction in the number of spheres is negligible and can use the sample with a reduced amount of 30% of the balls due to the reduced weight of the structures and effects of the structural elements justify. Also, on average, in all specimens, the specimens after the elastic region and the beginning of cracking, the stiffener of the concrete decreased, and with the increase in displacement, the bearing capacity was almost constant. In the end, the Cobiax roofs, without reducing the number of balloons, have a higher load capacity and hardness than the other two models, with the increase in force, the area under the charts of this model has increased and depreciation is more energy than other specimens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Investigating the behavior of steel slit dampers in concrete structures
Seyed Majid Alavinia Leila Hosseinzadeh Ali Ghamari Abbas AkbarpourIran is considered as one of the most seismically active regions in the world. Therefore, the need for seismic strengthening of the existing structures is essential. One of the suitable methods in seismic reinforcement of buildings is the u MoreIran is considered as one of the most seismically active regions in the world. Therefore, the need for seismic strengthening of the existing structures is essential. One of the suitable methods in seismic reinforcement of buildings is the use of dampers. Dampers are components, which are mostly utilized to increase damping and deplete seismic energy. Numerous studies have indicated that dampers can reduce seismic displacement. In this way, the performance of most of the load-bearing members of the structure remains in the elastic range. In this research, the effect of using slit steel dampers (SSD) on concrete structures was evaluated. Therefore, four models of SSD were selected as following: 3 single slit, 3 double slit, 5 single slit and 5 double slit in three thickness of 6, 8 and 10 mm, which were placed in a concrete frame with a single diagonal brace at the connection of the brace to the column beam. The effects of increasing the number of slits from 3 to 5, from single to double and increasing the thickness were studied. The results exhibited that by increasing the thickness of dampers, the area of force-displacement diagram, stiffness and strength were increased in frames. The frames, which are consisted of double 3-slit dampers presented better performance than 5-slit dampers. So that, the reduction of rigidity of frame with single 5-slit dampers in a thickness of 10 mm, was 4.9% in comparison with double samples. In addition, it is decreased in stiffness by 2.9% and 7.3% for single and double models, respectively Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - The Reverse Design of Beams and Networks to Provide Strength and Simultaneous Deformation
Nobakht Bakhtiyari Hassan mosavi aslemirAbstract This paper presents a new method for the analysis and design of beams and networks. In this method, both the strength and stiffness of the beams as well as the condition of the beam column simultaneously provides the stability condition. Through an examp MoreAbstract This paper presents a new method for the analysis and design of beams and networks. In this method, both the strength and stiffness of the beams as well as the condition of the beam column simultaneously provides the stability condition. Through an example and comparison with available analyses, the efficiency of the method is shown. It can be seen that as a quick, economical and easy method, this method can be used for the analysis and design of beams and columns with different boundary conditions, and other structures including frames and continuous beams. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Predicting Computer Attitude Based on Psychological Hardiness, Self-Efficacy and Achievement Motivation
Azam Moradi Afsaneh Banitalebi Sahar PazhuheshThe purpose of this study was to determine the share of psychological hardiness, self-efficacy and achievement motivation in predicting computer attitude of students in Payam Noor University of Shahre Kord. The type of the research was predictive correlation. The statis MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine the share of psychological hardiness, self-efficacy and achievement motivation in predicting computer attitude of students in Payam Noor University of Shahre Kord. The type of the research was predictive correlation. The statistical population consisted of all students in Payam Noor University in the first semester of the academic year 2011-2012. For sampling, 100 students of 10 fields of study were selected by stratified random sampling method. Computer Attitude Scale (CAS), Ahvas Hardiness Inventory (AHI), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) and Herman's achievement motivation questionnaire were used for measuring the research variables. Descriptive statistics and stepwise regression was used for data analysis. Results showed that psychological hardiness could significantly predict the computer attitude in students (P = 0.000), and adding self-efficacy to psychological hardiness increased significantly the predicting power of their computer attitude (P = 0.000); but adding achievement motivation variable to psychological hardiness and self-efficacy variables could not increase significantly the predicting power of computer attitude in these subjects.Consequently, according to the evidence, one of the ways to improve students' attitude to computer is strengthening the psychological hardiness and self-efficacy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - سخت ترین و ساده ترین ساختار زمان در زبان فارسی: فرآیندهای ترجمه زمان مضارع از زبان اول به زبان دوم و بالعکس
افروز شهامت نژاد غلامعباس زواری -
Open Access Article
73 - Structural Patterns of Relationships Between Personality Characteristics, Quality of Life and Life expectancy through Hardiness Mediation in Cardiac Patients
.. افروخته .. عارفی .. کاکابرایی According to World Health Organization data, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, and the world's people are the most affected by cardiovascular disease.The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural patte More According to World Health Organization data, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, and the world's people are the most affected by cardiovascular disease.The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural pattern of relationships between personality traits, quality of life and life expectancy with hardiness mediating in cardiac patients. The study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of method, where the correlation between each variable was analyzed through modeling and path analysis. The population was all outpatient and hospitalized cardiac patients from April 2018 to June 21, 2018 who were admitted to Farshchian Hospital wards and outpatients admitted to the heart clinic as well as the offices of cardiologists in Hamadan. Then 250 subjects were selected randomly using convenience sampling method.The research tools consist of quality of life questionnaires (Varsharbun, 1992), hardiness questionnaire ( Kobasa , 1979), five factors of the Neo character (Costa and McCraey, 1992) and the Life Expectancy Test (Miller & Powers, 1988). SPSS-22 and AMOS-22 were used to analyze the data. In general, using the structural equation modeling technique and using the Amos22 software, the research hypotheses are tested. The results showed that the coefficients of life expectancy and personality traits had a significant correlation, with standard coefficients of 0.249 and 0.386, with hardiness of cardiac patients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Correlation of psychological of burnout: Personality dimensions and psychological hardiness (case study: Hospital staff in Guilan province)
mehrdad matani Seyedvahid Hosseinipour balal nazaryan Tahereh KheiriB urnout shows the reduction of person’s Compatibility with the stressors available in the workplace. This study has been done to explain the burnout and its relationship with five dimensions of personality and psychological hardiness between the hospital sta MoreB urnout shows the reduction of person’s Compatibility with the stressors available in the workplace. This study has been done to explain the burnout and its relationship with five dimensions of personality and psychological hardiness between the hospital staff. The method is descriptive and correlational and in terms of objective belonged to the applied researches. In this paper the population contains all the hospital staffs of guilan province and between them 185 people were selected as a sample by random simple sampling method. The questionnaires used for collecting data were the “Geldard Burnout Inventory”, “Ahvaz Perfectionism Scale” and “Costa and McCrae Five Factor Inventory”. The data analysis was done by SPSS and Pearson correlation coefficient and the regression testing. The results showed that there is a significant positive relation between the burnout and two personal dimensions of neuroticism (r=0.406, p<0.01) and agreeableness (r=0.264, p<0.05). There isn’t a significant correlation between burnout and psychological hardiness (r=0.081, p<0.05). But the relation between psychological hardiness and neuroticism and extroversion is significant. So if the hospitals use the personality evaluation as a part of their selection and employment process, they can identify staff facing burnout and prevent this trauma. Key words: Burnout, Psychological hardiness, personality dimensions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Comparison Hardiness of Married Women with Consanguineous and Non-consanguineous Marriage
Ali Naseri Zakieh PakrouhThis study is aimed to compare the characteristics of tenacity and its components among women with consanguineous and non-consanguineous marriages. This research is conducted in a descriptive-correlational manner. The statistical population of the study consists of marr MoreThis study is aimed to compare the characteristics of tenacity and its components among women with consanguineous and non-consanguineous marriages. This research is conducted in a descriptive-correlational manner. The statistical population of the study consists of married female students of Payame Noor University of Mashhad in 2019. Finally, by removing the insignificant data, 38 people completed the abridged tenacious scale questionnaire (AHS) in an accessible and voluntary manner online. According to the results of independent t-test, a significant level (0.038) is obtained for tenacity and its control component is obtained with a significant level (0.014). It indicates that there is a significant difference between the level of tenacity and its control component with consanguineous and non-consanguineous marriages. But no significant difference is found in the components of commitment (0.076) and struggle (0.136). Based in the findings of this study, tenacity, especially its control component, can play an effective role for women with consanguineous and non-consanguineous marriages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - The Role of Emotional Regulation in Predicting Positive Psychological States and Psychological Toughness of Students
Shahriar shahroyi Abdolazim Shahroiee Mehran shahroiee Fatemeh shahroieeThe purpose of this research was to investigate the role of emotional regulation in predicting the amount of positive psychological states and psychological toughness of students.The descriptive research method was a correlation type and the statistical population of th MoreThe purpose of this research was to investigate the role of emotional regulation in predicting the amount of positive psychological states and psychological toughness of students.The descriptive research method was a correlation type and the statistical population of the research was made up of all undergraduate students of Ahvaz Azad University in the academic year of 2022-2023 Also, to collect information, Gross and Jan's (2003) emotion regulation questionnaires, Rajaei et al.'s positive psychological states questionnaire (2010) and Ahvaz psychological toughness scale were used.The research data has been analyzed using statistical package for social sciences version 22 at the descriptive and inferential level. The results of the research indicated the role of emotion regulation in predicting the amount of positive psychological states and psychological toughness of students. And according to the findings of the research, the independent variable of emotion regulation has a positive and significant relationship with the dependent variables of psychological states and psychological toughness in students. . The sampling method in this research was based on random sampling according to the extent of the population. A sample size of 100 people was selected using Morgan's table. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - مقایسۀ سرسختی و خودکارآمدی در دانشجویان ورزشکار و غیرورزشکار
سیده لیلا دلقندی محمد رضا اسماعیل زاده امیر مقدم -
Open Access Article
78 - The Mediating Role of Mental Toughness in the Relationship between Parenting Styles and Flourishing
Amirabbas Fatehi Dehaghani Farideh Yousefihe aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of mental toughness in the relationship between of parentingstyles and flourishing. Three hundred and fifty five MA students were selected from Shiraz University by randommultistage cluster sampling. The partici Morehe aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of mental toughness in the relationship between of parentingstyles and flourishing. Three hundred and fifty five MA students were selected from Shiraz University by randommultistage cluster sampling. The participants completed the Parental Authority Questionnaire (Buri, 1991), the Mental ToughnessQuestionnaire (Clough et al., 2002), and the Flourishing Scale (Diener et al., 2010). The results of structural equation modeling usingAMOS software indicated that the relation of authoritarian parenting style to flourishing was positive and significant. The relationshipbetween authoritative parenting style and mental toughness was positive and significant, and the relation of permissive parentingstyle to mental toughness was negative and significant. Authoritarian parenting style had direct relation on flourishing andauthoritative parenting style and permissive parenting style had indirect relation on flourishing through mental toughness. Theimplications of the findings were discussed in terms of their applications to parents and promoting flourishing in individuals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - The Relationship between Hardiness and Coping Styles: The Mediating Role of Self-esteem
Zahra Banatehrani Mohtaram NemattavousiThe aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between hardiness and coping styles. Based on a correlation design, a sample of 200 teachers in Tehran from 4 education areas completed Personal Views Survey (Hardiness Insti MoreThe aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between hardiness and coping styles. Based on a correlation design, a sample of 200 teachers in Tehran from 4 education areas completed Personal Views Survey (Hardiness Institute, 1985) which evaluates three hardy attitudes in terms of a trait, Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (Endler & Parker, 1994) and Multidimensional Self-Esteem Inventory (O’brien, 1988). Findings showed that self-esteem correlated with hardiness and problem-focused coping style positively and with emotion-focused coping style negatively, but it did not correlate with avoidant coping style. In addition, hardiness correlated with all the three coping styles negatively. Path analysis showed that self-esteem has a mediating role in the relationship between hardiness and problem-focused and avoidant coping styles but it does not have a mediating role in the relationship between hardiness and emotion-focused coping style. According to the result of this study, although hardiness does not correlate with coping styles positively but, by influencing self-esteem, it provides the needed motivation for applying problem-focused coping style. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Hardiness,quality of life and well-being
Somaye Aubi Saeed Teimory Mehdi NayyeriThis research assessed the relationships between the psychological characteristics of managers. 50 male managers of Islamic Azad University, whose average age was 40 years old, responded to Kobasa's Personal Views Survey (1986) measuring hardiness, World Health Organiza MoreThis research assessed the relationships between the psychological characteristics of managers. 50 male managers of Islamic Azad University, whose average age was 40 years old, responded to Kobasa's Personal Views Survey (1986) measuring hardiness, World Health Organization Quality of Life, short-form questionnaire (1998), and the Well-Being subscale of the California Psychological Inventory (Gaff, 1987). Pearson's correlation coefficient was used for analyzing the data. Results indicated significant positive correlations among hardiness, quality of life, and well-being of managers. The factors of hardiness (commitment, control, and challenge) could respectively explain 18.2%, 28.5% and 10.1% of variance in the quality of life. Findings are discussed in relation to the role of hardiness in managers’ health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Relationship between Psychological hardiness and emotional processing with the rate of death anxiety in older women during coronavirus
Abolfazl Bakhshipoor Farzaneh FardinfarThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between psychological toughness and emotional processing with the rate of death anxiety in older women during coronation. The design of the present study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical populat MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between psychological toughness and emotional processing with the rate of death anxiety in older women during coronation. The design of the present study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this study included all women in nursing homes in Mashhad in the first quarter of 1400, from which several nursing homes were available and 184 elderly were selected as a sample group. Participants responded to the Calt-Leicester Death Anxiety Scale, Kiamers et al.'s Psychological Hardiness Scale, and the Baker et al. Emotional Processing Scale. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression. The results of Pearson correlation showed that there is a significant negative relationship between psychological toughness and death anxiety. Also, a positive and significant correlation was found between the dimensions of emotional processing and death anxiety. The results of stepwise regression analysis also showed that among the components of emotional processing, two components of emotional symptoms of emotional processing and control and the variable of psychological toughness have a significant contribution in predicting death anxiety in the elderly. The mentioned components explained a total of 22% of the variance of death anxiety. Based on the results, in order to reduce death anxiety, it is recommended to hold courses to promote psychological toughness and emotion regulation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Modeling students' emotional self-regulation based on family communication processes, school climate, and psychological hardiness with the mediating role of resilience
ali shahravi Afsane Ghanbari Panah Mohammad Mahdi Shariat Bagheri shirin kooshkiThe aim of this study was to model students' emotional self-regulation based on family communication processes, school climate and psychological hardiness with the mediating role of resilience. The research method was correlational and structural equation modeling. The MoreThe aim of this study was to model students' emotional self-regulation based on family communication processes, school climate and psychological hardiness with the mediating role of resilience. The research method was correlational and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the present study was 209177 people, including all male students studying in the second year of high schools in Tehran in the academic year 1399-1400. Cognitive emotion Garnefski et al. (2001), Epstein et al.'s family functioning (1983), Zullig et al.'s (2009) school climate, Kobasa et al.'s (2002) psychological hardiness, and Conner and Davidson (2003) responsiveness. The results indicated that the model of emotional self-regulation based on family communication processes, school climate and psychological hardiness through resilience has a favorable fit. Also, the direct and indirect effect of family communication processes on positive emotion regulation was significant, but not on negative emotion regulation, and the direct effect of school climate on positive and negative emotion regulation was not significant, but the indirect effect of school climate on positive emotion regulation was significant. Also, the direct and indirect effects of psychological hardiness on positive and negative emotion regulation were significant. As a result of the findings of this research, family and school have an effect on the positive emotion regulation of students, and the characteristic of psychological hardiness has an effect on the positive and negative emotion regulation of students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Investigation the effects of SiC reinforcement incorporation on mechanical properties of friction stir welded AZ31 magnesium alloy
AMIN ABDOLLAHZADEH Ali shokouhfar حمید امیدوار محمد علی صفرخانیان محمدرضا نادریIn this study, the friction stir welding process was used for simultaneously joining of AZ31 magnesium alloy and production of Mg/Sic nanocomposite in the stir zone. All combinations of three rotational speeds i.e, 600, 800, and 1000 rpm and four traveling speeds i.e, 2 MoreIn this study, the friction stir welding process was used for simultaneously joining of AZ31 magnesium alloy and production of Mg/Sic nanocomposite in the stir zone. All combinations of three rotational speeds i.e, 600, 800, and 1000 rpm and four traveling speeds i.e, 25, 75, 125 and 175 mm/min were tested and then the mechanical properties were examined. The joint fabricated with rotational speed of 800 rpm and traveling speeds of 75 mm/min, exhibited the highest mechanical properties, So that the yield strength, tensile strength and percent elongation improved by 11%, 39% and 88%, respectively. The results show that the proper distribution of nanoparticles in the stir zone can reduce the average grain size and improve mechanical properties. The main reason for this change is related to pinning effect and increased nucleation sites associated with SiC nano-particles. Moreover, reinforcement particles resulted in breaking of primary grains in stir zone of friction stir welding. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Nickel-cobalt matrix reinforced with silicon oxide nanoparticles nanocomposte coating prepared by direct current electrochemical deposition method
سیاوش ایمانیان علی شکوه فر حامد بخشیNano-composite coating of Ni-Co/SiO2 is produced by the direct current electrochemical deposition method on the steel substrate. The analyze of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) are prepared by a nickel-cobalt alloy coating MoreNano-composite coating of Ni-Co/SiO2 is produced by the direct current electrochemical deposition method on the steel substrate. The analyze of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) are prepared by a nickel-cobalt alloy coatings and Nano-composite coating of Ni-Co / SiO2 that the electrochemical condition were the same in all of them and their grain size and their surface morphology were compared and analyzed. The grain size of Nano-composite coating was less than the alloy coating and surface morphology of the Nano-composite coating was finer and smoother than the alloy coating. The hardness of Nano-composite coating was more than alloy coating. If the electrolyte temperature be 50 degrees Celsius, then the Nano-composite coating of Ni-Co/SiO2 will have the maximum hardness. Adding surfactant to the electrolyte prevents agglomeration of nanoparticles and thus, increases the amount of particles in the coating and the micro-hardness of the Nano-composite coating of Ni-Co/SiO2.The effect of SDS was more than CTAB for the produced coating and the most optimal value for the SDS concentration in the electrolyte was 0.3 grams per liter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - A Study on Effect of Processing Parameters on Electrical Conduction and Micro-hardness of Nano-crystalline Cu-5%at Ta Alloy.
Roohollah Rahmanifard mohsen asadi asadabad سید میثم جاویدانAt the present study, the mechanical alloying method was used to produce the nanocrystalline Cu-5Ta alloy. In order to achieve a specimen with desirable properties, effects of size of milling ball, atmosphere and temperature of sintering were investigated on crystalline MoreAt the present study, the mechanical alloying method was used to produce the nanocrystalline Cu-5Ta alloy. In order to achieve a specimen with desirable properties, effects of size of milling ball, atmosphere and temperature of sintering were investigated on crystalline structure, electrical conduction and microhardness of specimen. The microstructural studies indicated that a finer crystallite size was attained when the complex size of milling balls being composed of 10 and 5 millimeters was applied rather than simple one of 10 millimeters. After milling, cold press and subsequent sintering were done under different atmospheres such as nitrogen, argon and vacuum at temperature of 550C. The sintered specimen under vacuum showed the better properties compared to the others. The further evaluations on specimen properties was conducted by sintering at temperatures of 700 and 850C under vacuum. The results indicated that with increasing the sintering temperature, electrical conduction and microhardness increase. Overall, the specimen milled by the complex ball size and sintered at temperature of 850C under vacuum experienced a electrical condition of 15.7% IACS and microhardness of 196.2 HV which was the best conditions to produce Cu5Ta. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - The effect of silicon doping on the mechanical and corrosion properties of tantalum carbide coating deposited by magnetron sputtering technique
Seyyed Alireza Hosseini Minasadt Emamian Mostafa AlishahiIn this study, Ta, TaC and TaSiC coatings have been deposited by a non-reactive magnetron sputtering method, and their structural, microstructural, mechanical, and corrosion properties have been investigated. XRD results revealed the presence of α-Ta and TaC0.6 ph MoreIn this study, Ta, TaC and TaSiC coatings have been deposited by a non-reactive magnetron sputtering method, and their structural, microstructural, mechanical, and corrosion properties have been investigated. XRD results revealed the presence of α-Ta and TaC0.6 phase structures in the Ta and TaC coatings, respectively. However, the TaSiC coating showed a quasi-amorphous structure. Additionally, the Ta coating showed a columnar microstructure with rough topography and tensile residual stress, while the addition of carbon and silicon resulted in the compactness and smoothness and domination compressive residual stress in the TaC and TaSiC coatings. Nanoindentation results showed that the addition of carbon to the Ta coating increased the hardness by four times, however the addition of silicon to the TaC coating had an adverse effect on the hardness of the coating. The corrosion studies revealed that the coatings have a cathodic nature with respect to the ST37 substrate, making the samples susceptible to galvanic corrosion. Furthermore, the addition of carbon and silicon was found to improve the corrosion resistance of the coatings by increasing the coating compactness and decreasing the density of open porosities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - A study of hardness and wear properties in the powder hard covering established in the Fe- Cr –C- Mo system on the carbonic simple steel by GTAW welding method
Mohammad Mehdi Ghaffari Hossein Paydar محمدرضا خانزاده قره‌شیرانIn this research, a combination of Ferro- chromium powders (variable amount) and ferromolybdenum and graphite (constant amount) were coated on the st37 carbon steel substrate through Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW). In order to study properties of the layer established MoreIn this research, a combination of Ferro- chromium powders (variable amount) and ferromolybdenum and graphite (constant amount) were coated on the st37 carbon steel substrate through Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW). In order to study properties of the layer established under the layer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), EDS element microanalysis and microhardness assessment have been used, and x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) specified that microstructure of the samples consists of austenite and (Cr,Fe)7 , C3 carbides. In addition, it was specified that by the increase of carbon and chromium containing hard face layers, a part of carbon is spent on the formation of Cr7C3 chromium carbide, and the remainder has played a role in the formation of molybdenum carbide and chromium led to the increase of hardness. Results of the wear test specified that the highest wear resistance relates to a sample containing 13.45 chromium percentage. SEM investigation of worn surfaces in the samples specified that wear mechanism was plowing type, cutting type and cracking type. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Study the microstructure and hardness of FSW of API 70 steel at the presence of TiO2 particles
Rasoul Pouriamanesh KAMRAN DehghaniIn this study, the microstructural properties and hardness of Friction Stir Welded (FSWed) of high strength low alloy API X70 steel at the presence of titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles were investigated. In this regard, a homogeneous mixture of TiO2 and X70 steel powder MoreIn this study, the microstructural properties and hardness of Friction Stir Welded (FSWed) of high strength low alloy API X70 steel at the presence of titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles were investigated. In this regard, a homogeneous mixture of TiO2 and X70 steel powders were inserted into the weld groove before applying FSW. The FSW method was applied on HSLA X70 with and without addition of titanium oxide (TiO2) particles. The optical microscopy and Vickers microhardness measurements were employed to evaluate the microstructure and hardness of the different weldments zones. The results showed that the hardness of various zones in the weldment are strongly depended on the microstructure which is affected by heat input and stiring action. In addition, the TiO2 particles were homogenously dispersed in the stir zone of TiO2-doped weldment and subsequently has changed the microstructure and hardness. In particular, a transition from an acicular ferrite (AF) dominant microstructure with a hardness value of 300 HV to a polygonal ferrite (PF) dominant microstructure with a hardness value of 180 HV was observed by moving from top surface region to near root region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Investigation of Microstructure, Hardness and Intermetallic Compound in Friction stir Welding of AA6065 Aluminum Alloy to Copper
مجید الیاسی Rahim Narimani Mortza Hosseinzadeh Hamed Aghajani DerazkolaIn this study, metallurgical properties lap joint of pure copper and 6065 aluminum alloy with friction stir welding technique were investigated. To purpose the metallurgical properties of joint optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), energy dispersive X-ra MoreIn this study, metallurgical properties lap joint of pure copper and 6065 aluminum alloy with friction stir welding technique were investigated. To purpose the metallurgical properties of joint optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) and Vickers hardness junction of micro gauge were used. The results shows that due to the direct contact between aluminum alloy and tool shoulder, the microstructure change of AA6065 was more than copper. With increasing tool rotation speed the microstructure size of AA6065 and copper became smaller and with increasing linear speed and cooling rate, the microstructure size of base material became more. The results shows that the structured layers were formed in stir zone which with increasing heat generation they geometry became thinner and stretcher. The combination of base materials in high tool rotation and low travelling speed caused the CuAl2 and Cu9Al4 intermetallic compounds were formed in base metal interface. For changes in microstructure size and formation of intermetallic compounds, the hardness of stir zone was more than other area of joint. The maximum hardness of joint area was 111 Vickers which allocated to the joint that welded with 1130 rpm and 24mm/min tool speed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Friction Stir Welding of Ultrafine-Grained Al 1050: Investigation of Pin Geometry, Welding Atmosphere Temperature and Welding Speeds on the Mechanical Properties
Morteza Hosseini Habib Danesh-ManeshThe application of ultrafine-grained or nanostructured aluminum is very interesting owing to its high strength to weight ratio. Welding of these materials is one of the main challenges. Regarding the potential of the solid-state friction stir welding in joining of nanos MoreThe application of ultrafine-grained or nanostructured aluminum is very interesting owing to its high strength to weight ratio. Welding of these materials is one of the main challenges. Regarding the potential of the solid-state friction stir welding in joining of nanostructured materials, in the current research different equipment and techniques like optical and scanning and transmitted electron microscopes, Vickers microhardness, and uniaxial tensile tests were employed to study the effect of major welding parameters on the bonding quality of friction stir welded ultrafine-grained Al 1050 alloy produced via accumulative roll-bonding (ARB) method. The studied parameters were rotation and traveling speeds, pin geometry as well as welding atmosphere temperature. The results show the microhardness enhancement of the weld zone by decreasing the rotation speed or increment of traveling speed due to lower heat generation within the stir zone. Investigation of the pin geometry depicts an insignificant impact of this variable on the weld tensile properties. Only in the case of a threaded pin, a slight enhancement in the tensile properties was achieved. Submerge or underwater welding could improve joint strength. However, the application of extremely cold water with respect to 25° C water shows a reverse effect and leads to severe weld quality degradation owing to defects formation (like internal channels and surface discontinuity). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Effect of Temperature, Voltage, Time of Anodizing and Applying Nickel-Phosphor Electro less Coating on Hardness and Corrosion Behavior of 2024 Aluminum Alloy
masoud soltani Ali Shafyei Reyhane Alliramezani Saeed AkhavanIn order to improve the surface properties and the greater use of aluminum and its alloys in various industries, especially aerospace, different coating methods have been introduced. Anodizing and electroless plating are the most widely used methods for this purpose. In MoreIn order to improve the surface properties and the greater use of aluminum and its alloys in various industries, especially aerospace, different coating methods have been introduced. Anodizing and electroless plating are the most widely used methods for this purpose. In this research, the effect of temperature and voltage of anodizing on the surface properties of anodic aluminum oxid (AAO), producred on 2024 aluminum, was investigated. The results showed that with increasing voltage and decreasing temperature, the thickness and roughness of coatings increased. An optimal voltage (45 V) was obtained to achieve the highest hardness at all temperatures. The study of the thickness and hardness of the optimum sample also showed an increase in these two parameters with increasing time. FESEM studies also revealed that by carefully controlling on the anodizing conditions, a structure with regular nano-cells could be obtained. The two step anodizing significantly increased the order of the oxide layer cells. SEM, EDS, and XRD results indicated that the possibility of Ni-P electroless coating applying on anodized aluminum in SLOTONIP 70A solution is well established. To investigate and compare the corrosion behavior of AAO and AAO/Ni-P coatings with aluminum substrate, the polarization method and tafel extrapolation was used. The results indicated that the high corrosion resistance of 2024 aluminum alloy was achieved in the presence of Ni-P electroless coating on anodized alloy. The heat treatment of the samples at different temperatures showed that the highest hardness of the final coating (1185 vickers) would be achieved at 400 °C, and the heat treatment time at this temperature after 75 minutes would not have much effect on the hardness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Improvement of Load Bearing Capacity of Al-1100 Joining area by using In-situ Synthesizing of Al/Cr during FSSW
سعید مطلبی فشارکی مسعود مصلایی پور علیرضا مشرقی سید صادق قاسمیIn-situ synthesizing of Al/Cr was carried out to improve the strength of spot joining of Al plates. For this purpose, 0.03gr Cr powder with 10 μm particle size was inserted in the spot joining zone and the assembly was subjected to the Friction Stir Spot Welding Proc MoreIn-situ synthesizing of Al/Cr was carried out to improve the strength of spot joining of Al plates. For this purpose, 0.03gr Cr powder with 10 μm particle size was inserted in the spot joining zone and the assembly was subjected to the Friction Stir Spot Welding Process (FSSW). Microstructure, formation of intermetallic compounds and mechanical properties of samples were investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy with spot and line EDS, tensile and microhardness measurements. Spot and line scan chemical analysis (Spot-EDS and Line-EDS) of joining area indicated that minimal tool rotation speed for formation of Al-Cr intermetallic compounds (Al13Cr2) is around 2500 rpm. Formation of Al-Cr rich intermetallic compounds in the joining area increased the hardness of joining zone more than two times of hardness of join without this components (140±5 HV and 60±5 HV). Furthermore, in-situ synthesis joining increase ultimate tensile strength of the joint from 40±5 Mpa to 130±10 Mpa Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - The effect of parameters of pulse Electrodeposition and post annealing on properties of Cobalt-tungsten alloy coating
سمیه اباذری سیوندی سعید رستگاری شهرام خیراندیشcobalt-tungsten anano structure alloy coating was produced using pulse electrodeposition in 200 Hz pulse frequency from citrate electrolyte at 60 °C. In this study the influence of cobalt ions concentration in solution and duty cycle on crystal structure, grain size Morecobalt-tungsten anano structure alloy coating was produced using pulse electrodeposition in 200 Hz pulse frequency from citrate electrolyte at 60 °C. In this study the influence of cobalt ions concentration in solution and duty cycle on crystal structure, grain size, hardness and corrosion resistance of coating was investigated. Surface morphology and composition of coatings was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and (EDS) analysis. The crystallite size of the coatings calculated from the x-ray diffraction patterns using the Scherrer equation. Micro hardness of the coatings was assessed using a Vickers micro-indenter. Results showed that electrodeposited coating at 0.2 mol/l cobalt sulphate and 60% duty cycle with 1A/dm2had optimum coating on 758 Hv. Annealing amorphous coating was produced at current density of 4 A/dm2 in high vacuum pressure makes crystalline coating. Increasing temperature at 600°C makes a well-developed polycrystalline structure of Co3W and CowO4 in the coating. Microhardness of coating increased from 436 Hv to 1059 Hv after heat treatment at 600 °C. Heat treatment of coating improved the corrosion resistance of coating. The coating heat treated at 400 ºC had minimum corrosion rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Evaluating the effect of deep cryogenic heat treatment on microstructure, wear and tension properties of the GOST9HF-steel at tempering temperature from 150 to 650˚C
kamran aminiIn recent years, cryogenic-treatment is considered in order to improve of wear and hardness resistance of tool steels. Cryo-treatment is performed on steel before and after of tempering and quenching treatment, respectively. In this research, the effect of deep cryogeni MoreIn recent years, cryogenic-treatment is considered in order to improve of wear and hardness resistance of tool steels. Cryo-treatment is performed on steel before and after of tempering and quenching treatment, respectively. In this research, the effect of deep cryogenic treatment is investigated on the GOS9HF-steel. In this regard, the quenched-tempered and quenched-Cryo-treated samples are prepared after tempering treatment for 2hrs. then, impact of Cryo-treatment on value of retained austenite, fine carbide precipitations are evaluated by XRD, SEM and the amount of hardness, strength and wear resistance are measured by micro-hardness, tensile and wear tests. The wear test is conducted by pin-on-disc method. The results indicated that the amount of hardness and properties of wear and tensile in the Cryo-treated sample were rather than the quenched-tempered samples at all of tempering temperatures (i.e. from 150 to 650˚C). Additionally, with increase of tempering temperature, the amount of hardness, wear behavior and tensile property are decreased in both of Cryo-treated and quenched-tempered samples. This can be attributed to the softening of microstructure and the growing of grain sizes. Moreover, it was obvious that improving of Cryo-treated samples are related to the removing of retained austenite, precipitation of fine carbides and more appropriate distribution of these carbides. It is cleared that the Cryo-treatment causes to decrease of value of retained austenite from 12% to below of 1% at quenched-tempered and Cryo-treated samples, respectively. Finally, Cryo-treatment causes to increase of volume fracture of carbides to 52%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Phase transformations during high temperature brazing of dissimilar bonding of IN738 to TiAl intermetallic compound using Ni-Si-B ternary filler alloy
Dariush Kokabi Ali Kaflou Majid Pouranvari Reza GholamipourIn this research microstructural evolution during high temperature brazing of dissimilar bonding of IN738 Ni-base superalloy to TiAl intermetallic compound using an amorphous Ni-Si-B ternary alloy was investigated. Phase transformations via solidification and solid stat MoreIn this research microstructural evolution during high temperature brazing of dissimilar bonding of IN738 Ni-base superalloy to TiAl intermetallic compound using an amorphous Ni-Si-B ternary alloy was investigated. Phase transformations via solidification and solid state reactions are discussed. Observations indicated that the microstructure of IN738/MBF-30/TiAl joint consist of four different zones; isothermal solidification zone in both sides, athermally solidified zone in the bond center, diffusion affected zone in the IN738 side and reaction layer in the TiAl side. γ-Ni solid solution phase in ISZ of the IN738 side and binary isostructural solid solutions in ISZ of the TiAl side were formed during holding time at bonding temperature. Ni-Cr borides have been formed due to binary eutectics associated with γ-Ni solid solution in the ASZ during cooling. Cr-Mo borides and Ni-rich boride with different morphologies were precipitated in the DAZ. Ni element from MBF-30 molten interlayer reacted with γ-TiAl base, leading to the formation of the reaction layer containing single phase δ-Ti2Ni and triple phase τ2-Al2TiNi+τ4-AlNi2Ti+β1-NiAl layers adjacent to TiAl substrate. Microhardness evaluation of different zones indicated that some high hardness phases have formed in the bond region and presence of the γ-Ni solid solution in the ASZ cause to decrease the detrimental effects of them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - The effect of Al2O3 Nano-particles coated with manganese oxide on the microstructure and mechanical properties of low carbon steel using GMAW process
farzad pahnaneh masood aghakhani farid naeimi , Moeen MansoubiThis paper reports an investigation carried out to determine the effect of aluminum oxide Nano-particles coated with manganese on the microstructure and mechanical properties of single-pass butt joint of low carbon steel plates of 6.0 mm thicknesses using gas metal arc MoreThis paper reports an investigation carried out to determine the effect of aluminum oxide Nano-particles coated with manganese on the microstructure and mechanical properties of single-pass butt joint of low carbon steel plates of 6.0 mm thicknesses using gas metal arc welding process. After selecting appropriate welding parameters and adding 0.25 gr and 0.5 gr of Nano-particles into the joint line and carrying out the welding, the samples were prepared for micro hardness and tensile tests. Furthermore, the sample with optimum Nano-particles having the highest ultimate tensile strength and without having any visible and metallurgical defects in the microstructure was selected for further investigation. Subsequently, microstructures of the weld without and with optimum Nano-particles were studied using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the fractured surface of the weld obtained from tensile testing was investigated for the samples without Nano particles and the optimum sample with Nano materials were studied. The results show that Nano-particles added to the weld pool penetrated into the weld zone and helped in formation of acicular ferrite in the microstructure. Based on the results obtained, ultimate tensile strength and percentage of elongation of samples without Nano-particles and with optimum Nano-particles were increased from 387 MPa and 6.8% to 408 MPa and 13.6%, respectively. In addition, the average hardness of the weld metal without Nano-particles and with optimum Nano-particles were increased from 158 VHN to 172 VHN respectively Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Influence of pH of Electroplating on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ni-P-Tio2 Composite Coating Fabricated on AISI 430 Steel
Mina Afzali Grouh Morteza Zandrahimi Hadi EbrahimifarOne of the best ways to improve the abrasion resistance and toughness of stainless steels is to apply surface coatings. Among these coatings are nickel base alloy and composite coatings. In this research, nickel-phosphorus-titanium oxide coatings were developed using el MoreOne of the best ways to improve the abrasion resistance and toughness of stainless steels is to apply surface coatings. Among these coatings are nickel base alloy and composite coatings. In this research, nickel-phosphorus-titanium oxide coatings were developed using electrical plating technique and the effect of pH (3, 3.5 and 4) on microstructure and their wear and tear behavior were studied. In this research, nickel phosphorus-titanium oxide coating was deposited onto the AISI 430 steel using electrical plating technique and the effect of TiO2 particles concentration on microstructure and wear behavior was studied. X-ray analysis (XRD) was used to determine the available phases and calculate grain size. Characterization of the coating was performed using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). The michardness was measured by Vickers microhardness device. To test the abrasion resistance of the phosphorus-titanium oxide coated and uncoated samples, a pin on the disk test was used. The results of X-ray analysis showed that the increase of pH causes the increase of grain size. Also the results of microhardness and pin on disk tests showed the increase of pH causes decrease of microhardness and abrasion resistance. The highest hardness (618.18 Vickers) was related to the coating created at pH =3 and TiO2 =40 gr / L. The highest wear resistance and lowest weight loss (0.15 mg) were also observed in the same coating. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Investigating the Effect of Tungsten Element on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Fe-C-Ni Hard Coating
Adel Mosadeghian hamid nazemy Mohammadreza Khanzadeh Gharahshiran Mansor SadeghiNasbIn this paper, the effect of tungsten element on microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe-C-Ni hard coating was investigated. Two hard coating electrodes were made with 10 and 30 gr of tungsten powder. The microstructure of the welding metals included fine carbide MoreIn this paper, the effect of tungsten element on microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe-C-Ni hard coating was investigated. Two hard coating electrodes were made with 10 and 30 gr of tungsten powder. The microstructure of the welding metals included fine carbides in the area of needle martensite and residual austenite. Electron microscopy studies showed that there were very fine cracks in the weld metal martensitic phase with 10 gr of tungsten but these microscopic cracks were not found in weld metal with 30 gr of tungsten. The results of the EDS analysis showed that the amount of soluble tungsten element in the austenite phase of both welding metals is high. This amount in weld metal with 30 gr of tungsten was about 3.66% higher than the weld metal with 10 gr of tungsten. The results of the XRD analysis showed that the phases present in the weld metal with 10 gr of tungsten included martensite, austenite and W2C carbide, but in the weld metal with 30 gr of tungsten in addition to these phases also iron oxides were observed. The results of hardness test showed that the average hardness of weld metal with 10 gr of tungsten is 42.5 RC and the average hardness of welding metal with 30 gr of tungsten is 49.6 RC. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Investigation of the Effects of HVOF Process Parameters on the Quality and Wear Properties of the Coating Tungsten Carbide on 4130 Steel
Javad Ansari Amirhossein Moghanian Morteza Saghafi YazdiPrevious studies have shown that thermal spraying methods on steels have extensive applications in various industries to increase high-quality wear-resistance coatings. One of these coatings, which is important in diverse industries and has been studied, is tungsten car MorePrevious studies have shown that thermal spraying methods on steels have extensive applications in various industries to increase high-quality wear-resistance coatings. One of these coatings, which is important in diverse industries and has been studied, is tungsten carbide. One of the methods of coating is the high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the microstructure of the coatings and also by examining SEM images from the lateral surface of the coated sample, the thickness and quality of the coating were examined. Additionally, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to determine the formed phases before and after the coating process and the results of the presence of WC and W6C2.54 carbides were confirmed.The wear test results showed that coated samples demonstrated higher wear resistance than the sample without coating (control). Meanwhile, the sample with spraying pressure of 7.2 Bar and a feeding powder rate of 72 g/min (W2) exhibited the best wear resistance among other coatings due to the more uniform distribution of tungsten carbide (WC) and less porosity. As a result, it was obtained that the spraying pressure in the process of HVOF process was more effective than the feeding rate of coating powders and a sample with the spray pressure of 7.2 Bar and powders feeding rate of 72 g/min (W2) was introduced as the optimal sample among all coatings with the highest abrasion wear resistance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of explosively bonded 321 Stainless steel to 1230 aluminum interface
Mohammad Reza Khanzadeh GharehShiran Hamid Bakhtiari Seyed Ali Asghar Akbari Mousavi -
Open Access Article
101 - Evaluation of wear properties of Al7075/SiC-BN hybrid nano-composite surface layer produced by friction stir processing
Mahmoud Soleymani Seyed Farshid Kashani Bozorg AliMohamad HadianFriction stir processing technique was carried out to produce a 7075Al/SiC-BN hybrid nano-composite surface layer on 7075 Al substrate in order to improve hardness and wear resistance. Equal weight ratios of micron-sized SiC and nano-sized BN powder were placed in a gro MoreFriction stir processing technique was carried out to produce a 7075Al/SiC-BN hybrid nano-composite surface layer on 7075 Al substrate in order to improve hardness and wear resistance. Equal weight ratios of micron-sized SiC and nano-sized BN powder were placed in a groove in the front side of the rotating and advancing tool. In order to achieve homogeneity, five additional passes were carried out. Microscopic investigations showed near uniform distribution of the particles in a matrix of ultra-fine Al grains of less than 1mm. The micro hardness and wear resistance of the friction stir processed substrate (without introduction of SiC and BN powder) and fabricated 7075Al/SiC-BN hybrid nano-composite layer were found to be markedly lower than those of the as–received 7075Al-T6 due to dissolution of 7075Al-precipitates during thermo-mechanical regime of the process. However, these were found to increase to about one third over those of the as-received 7075Al-T6 substrate after subsequent T6 heat treatment of the fabricated hybrid nano-composite layer. Such treatment was associated with the formation of intermetallic-based precipitates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - بررسی تاثیر سرعت سرد کردن، دمای پیشگرم و تغییر ترکیب شیمیایی بر روی ریز ساختار و خواص مکانیکی فولاد میکروآلیاژ وانادیوم دار متوسط کربن
بهنام یوسفیان کامران امینی مسعود کثیری -
Open Access Article
103 - تاثیر نوع فرآیند ذوب مجدد بر ریزساختار و سختی سوپرآلیاژ پایه نیکل ریختگی IN100
امیر جعفری سید مهدی عباسی مریم مرکباتی معصومه سیف اللهی -
Open Access Article
104 - Using of RSM to optimize the heat treatment of electroless Ni-P coating for simultaneously improvement in corrosion resistance and hardness
Jvad Golab Mostafa AlishahiIn the present study, Ni-P coatings were successfully deposited on mild steel surface via electroless plating. The optimization of heat treatment parameters (i.e., temperature and time) based on response surface methodology has been systematically studied in order to ob MoreIn the present study, Ni-P coatings were successfully deposited on mild steel surface via electroless plating. The optimization of heat treatment parameters (i.e., temperature and time) based on response surface methodology has been systematically studied in order to obtain the simultaneously improvement in corrosion resistance and hardness. X ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and EDS analysis were used to characterize the coatings. The corrosion behavior of the coatings was evaluated using Tafel polarization method in 3.5 wt.% NaCl aqueous solution. It has been found that the as-plate coating has an amorphous structure and heat treatment caused to precipitate Ni3P phase as well as to form crystalline nickel phase. The corrosion resistance and hardness are strongly affected by heat treatment. By increasing the time and temperature corrosion resistance and hardness firstly increased and then decreased. The results showed that low corrosion rate less than 2 mpy and high hardness value more than 900 vickers were achieved by heat treatment at 450° C for 75 min. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - ارائه آزمون آزمایشگاهی جدید برای تعیین انرژی و قابلیت خردایش خوراک آسیای مجتمع مس سرچشمه
محمد رزانی ابوالفضل معصومی مسعود رضایی زاده محمد نوع پرستاز جمله عواملی که معمولا در آسیاها اندازه‌گیری آن دشوار میباشد، تعیین قابلیت خردایش خوراک و توزیع ابعاد به صورت واقعی و در زمان کوتاه است. در صورت دستیابی به راه حلی سریع و مناسب جهت تعیین این پارامترها می‌توان رابطه‌ای مناسب بین انرژی و سختی و دانه‌بندی پیدا نمود. سخت Moreاز جمله عواملی که معمولا در آسیاها اندازه‌گیری آن دشوار میباشد، تعیین قابلیت خردایش خوراک و توزیع ابعاد به صورت واقعی و در زمان کوتاه است. در صورت دستیابی به راه حلی سریع و مناسب جهت تعیین این پارامترها می‌توان رابطه‌ای مناسب بین انرژی و سختی و دانه‌بندی پیدا نمود. سختی خوراک یکی از عوامل بسیار موثر در خردایش مواد معدنی در فرآیند فرآوری مواد معدنی میباشد و این پارامتر به عواملی نظیر خواص مکانیکی مواد معدنی و شرایط برخورد وابسته است. استفاده بهینه از انرژی جهت خردایش مواد معدنی در آسیاها از اهداف اصلی این تحقیق میباشد. در این تحقیق سعی بر این است که مدلی تجربی مبنی بر شرایط برخورد واقعی در آسیا ارائه گردد. امروزه از آزمون آسیای نیمه خودشکن آزمایشگاهی جهت بررسی شرایط مدار خردایش در زمان تغییر توزیع دانه بندی خوراک، اندازه گلوله و سرعت آسیا و تخمین انرژی لازم برای خردایش کامل در آسیای خودشکن و نیمه خودشکن، استفاده میشود. در این تحقیق یک آزمون آسیای نیمه خودشکن جدید جهت اندازه‌گیری انرژی و قابلیت خردایش خوراک، پیشنهاد شده و اثر پارامترهای مختلف بر دانه بندی و سختی خوراک بررسی شده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد تفاوت عدد سختی (A×b) بدست آمده از روش پیشنهادی جدید و آزمون بار افتان استاندارد 9/1 درصد است. همچنین با استفاده از روش پیشنهادی جدید می‌توان انرژی لازم جهت خردایش و دانه‌بندی محصول را با دقت بالایی تخمین زد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - بهبود ریزساختار و خواص مکانیکی آلیاژ آلومینیم A356 به روش کامپوکستینگ
اسماعیل دماوندی سلمان نوروزی سید محمود ربیعیکامپوزیت های آلومینا/آلومینیم به دلیل چگالی پایین و استحکام مکانیکی خوب در صنایعی چون خودروسازی و هوافضا کاربرد دارند. در این پژوهش، اثر همزن مکانیکی در دمای دو فازی مایع- جامد و تزریق ذرات آلومینا با گاز خنثی (آرگون) بر ریزساختار و خواص مکانیکی آلیاژ Al-A356 مورد بررسی Moreکامپوزیت های آلومینا/آلومینیم به دلیل چگالی پایین و استحکام مکانیکی خوب در صنایعی چون خودروسازی و هوافضا کاربرد دارند. در این پژوهش، اثر همزن مکانیکی در دمای دو فازی مایع- جامد و تزریق ذرات آلومینا با گاز خنثی (آرگون) بر ریزساختار و خواص مکانیکی آلیاژ Al-A356 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. به­منظور دستیابی به بهبود ترشوندگی و توزیع ذرات آلومینا در زمینه، عملیات حرارتی ذرات در دمای 1100 درجه سانتی­گراد به مدت 20 دقیقه قبل از تزریق به دوغاب انجام شد. در این تحقیق، روش کامپوکستینگ جهت تولید کامپوزیت زمینه آلومینیمی تقویت­شده با میکروذرات آلومینا استفاده شد. به منظور ارزیابی خواص مکانیکی آزمون­های سختی، فشار و ضربه انجام شد. نتایج مکانیکی نشان داد که همزدن دوغاب و افزودن ذرات آلومینا موجب بهبود سختی، استحکام فشاری و انرژی ضربه می­شود. بهترین خواص مکانیکی با استفاده از ذرات آلومینا و فرآیند کامپوکستینگ بدست آمد. در نهایت مقادیر سختی، استحکام فشاری و انرژی شکست نمونه حاصل از فرآیند کامپوکستینگ نسبت به نمونه حاصل از ریخته­گری ثقلی به ترتیب 37، 231 و 51 درصد افزایش یافت Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - بررسی پارامترهای حاکم و بهینهسازی سختی مذاب در حال انجماد آلیاژ آلومینیوم A380 تولید شده به روش ارتعاش مکانیکی
سعید احترامیان حقیقی امین کلاه دوز مجید کریمیاناستفاده از آلیاژهای آلومینیم در صنایع مختلف به ویژه اتومبیل‏سازی برای داشتن سازه­ای با وزن کمتر رو به افزایش است. استفاده از فرآیند شکل‏­دهی نیمه جامد که علاوه بر تغییر در ریزساختار که باعث بهبود مشخصات مکانیکی می­شود، می­تواند باعث کاهش حجم مصرف Moreاستفاده از آلیاژهای آلومینیم در صنایع مختلف به ویژه اتومبیل‏سازی برای داشتن سازه­ای با وزن کمتر رو به افزایش است. استفاده از فرآیند شکل‏­دهی نیمه جامد که علاوه بر تغییر در ریزساختار که باعث بهبود مشخصات مکانیکی می­شود، می­تواند باعث کاهش حجم مصرفی ماده تولیدی شده و در نهایت به بهبود نهایی وزن سازه منجر شود. در این مقاله بهینه­سازی پارامترهای حاکم در یکی از روش­های شکل­دهی نیمه­جامد به نام ارتعاش مکانیکی پرداخته می­شود. آلیاژ مورد بررسی در این تحقیق آلیاژ آلومینیم با گرید A380 می­باشد. پارامترهای مورد بررسی شامل مقدار و زمان اعمال تنش برشی و دمای ریخته‏گری است و هدف به دست آمدن بیشترین سختی برای نمونه­های تولیدی است. در این راستا نمونه‏هایی از مذاب‏های آلومینیم A380 تحت فرکانس­های ارتعاش متفاوت و دماهای ریخته‏گری متفاوت و زمان­های ارتعاش قرار گرفت و سپس در نهایت با استفاده از بهینه‏سازی به کمک الگوریتم ژنتیک، بهترین نتیجه بدست آمد. بهترین سختی در نمونه­های تولیدی حدود 80 برینل به دست آمد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که دمای مذاب بیشترین تاثیر را بر روی سختی دارد و با افزایش فرکانس زمان آن باعث می­شود دانه­ها به سمت کروی شدن بروند و سختی قطعه افزایش یابد Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Role Job Hardiness in predicting job performance, with the mediation of innovative work behaviorsRole Job Hardiness in predicting job performance, with the mediation of innovative work behaviors
Ehsan Azimpour Sohila Jalileans Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the Role Job Hardiness in predicting job performance, with the mediation of innovative work behaviors. This study was conducted descriptive - correlational method by using structural equation modeling. Statistical pop More Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the Role Job Hardiness in predicting job performance, with the mediation of innovative work behaviors. This study was conducted descriptive - correlational method by using structural equation modeling. Statistical population study were included all primary school teachers in Khoy city, that among which were selected 306 persons by using random sampling method. Research instruments was including job Hardiness Inventory Moreno-Jiménez, Rodríguez-Muñoz, Hernández and Blanco(2014), innovative work behaviors Inventory Krause (2004) and job performance Inventory Paterson (1990). Data obtained were analyzed by using structural equation method and using Spss editing16, and AMOS editing 22 softwares. The results showed innovative work behaviors and job hardiness Variables have Meaningful direct effect and Job hardiness variable have meaningful indirect effect on job performance. Also the was statistically significant the direct effect Job hardiness on the innovative work behaviors. In addition innovative work behaviors could entered model as a mediator in the relationship between hardiness job and job performance teachers. Finally, the structural model modified research a good fit had with experimental data the study Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - a
بتول طامه فریبرز درتاج ابوطالب سعادتی شامیر نورعلی فرخی -
Open Access Article
110 - The effectiveness of psychology hardiness training on the psychological well-being in patient with multiple sclerosis (MS)
Mohammad Yazdani Naser Sobhi Saeed MalihiThe aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of hardiness training on the psychological well-being of multiple sclerosis patients. The research method was quasi-experimental with control and experimental group and the statistical MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of hardiness training on the psychological well-being of multiple sclerosis patients. The research method was quasi-experimental with control and experimental group and the statistical population included all patients with multiple sclerosis in Karaj city in 2017, among which 30 were selected by sampling method and were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups and answered to Ryff psychological well-being scale (1989). After 10 hardness training sessions, the two groups responded to the questionnaire for posttest. The results of this study showed that psychological hardiness training has a significant effect on the components of autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relationship with others, purpose in life and self-acceptance. Due to the high cost of drug treatments for controlling multiple sclerosis symptoms as well as numerous complications caused by them, the use of complementary therapies is increasing in these patients. It, therefore, seems that it would be possible to increase the hardiness training as a complementary psychological well-being treatment for patients with multiple sclerosis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Investigate reliability and validity hardiness psychological scale
فوزیه الهام پور حمزه گنجی Investigate reliability and validity hardiness psychological scale Investigate reliability and validity hardiness psychological scale Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Love rode in on two steeds
Hassan AnvariThis article provides a brief introduction to the story of creation of man. God commands the angels to bring some dust from the earth and that among them only the angle of death succeeds to grant God’s command by deceiving the earth. This story i MoreThis article provides a brief introduction to the story of creation of man. God commands the angels to bring some dust from the earth and that among them only the angle of death succeeds to grant God’s command by deceiving the earth. This story is included in the fifth book of Masnavi and Najm Razi’s Mersad-al-ebad for two entirely different purposes. Mowlana first speaks of the issue of good and evil and concludes that the earth’s refusal of the God’s command was for the reason not to be involved with the issue of good and evil whereas Najm Razi believes the reason to be the fear of close proximity to God stating that I have chosen the ultimate distance in order to be safe from the fear of closeness. In this narrative, interesting subtle points from both Mowlana and Najm Razi on subjects such as virtues of heart and soul, and characteristic features of angles are presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Prediction of psychological well-being through components of self-efficacy, psychological hardiness & perceived social support
Mohamad Reza Najd Mohamad Reza Mosahebi Hamid AtashpourPsychological well-being includes the receipt by a person to a degree of coordination between certain and outlined objectives with performance outcomes that can be obtained in the process of continuous assessment and it leads to inner satisfaction and relative stability MorePsychological well-being includes the receipt by a person to a degree of coordination between certain and outlined objectives with performance outcomes that can be obtained in the process of continuous assessment and it leads to inner satisfaction and relative stability in the sequence of life. The aim of this research was to predict psychological well-being among male students through the elements of self-efficacy and psychological hardiness and perceived social support. For this purpose, in a descriptive study, based on regression 300 male students were selected in the form of multi-stage cluster sampling from schools of Isfahan city. They were tested in terms of self-efficacy, hardiness, perceived social support and psychological well-being. Results of stepwise regression analysis indicated that there is a positive and significant relationship between self-efficacy, perceived social support and psychological hardiness and psychological wellbeing and predictor variables, can predict changes in psychological well-being among male students. Based on these data, individuals who have high self-efficacy, psychological hardiness and perceived social support have higher psychological well-being. Manuscript profile
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