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Open Access Article
1 - Identifying and ranking the factors affecting absorptive capacity in Research organizations
majid daeizadeh jeloudar Borzoo Pourabdollahian Tehran Arnoosh ShakeriThe main objective of this study is identifying and ranking the Effective factors on absorptive capacity in a research organization. This inquiry is a sort of applied research, and in respect of data gathering is a descriptive research. In this research is used surveyin MoreThe main objective of this study is identifying and ranking the Effective factors on absorptive capacity in a research organization. This inquiry is a sort of applied research, and in respect of data gathering is a descriptive research. In this research is used surveying method. Considering the subjective nature of research model as well as masters, the experts of research organization constitute the statistical society of this study. This study is performed in two parts with qualitative and quantitative approach. To identify the research components we interviewed experts and staffs of research organization in additional to Theoretical fundamentals and literature. After gathering intended factors from interview and Theoretical fundamentals, the paired comparison technique is used to prepare the questionnaire to prioritize the factors. Our selected method in this analysis is based on Fuzzy AHP method according to Chang method. The result of study indicates that according to absorptive capacity criteria, realized absorptive capacity is our first priority and potential absorptive capacity is the next one, and with regard to realized absorptive capacity exploitation is the first priority and transformation is the second one. Considering the potential absorptive capacity, acquisition would be first priority and assimilation is the next one. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Abul Faraj Isfahānī's Historiography in Maqātil al-Tālibīyyīn: The Written Maqātil of Ahl al-Bayt (Peace be Upon Him)
Azar Anjomshoaa Mohammad Reza Hedayat Panah Mohammad Hasan MasoumiMaqātil al-Tālibīyyīn by Abul Faraj Isfahānī (356 AH), is one of the oldest and most prominent books of Maqātil. This article examines the historiography of Abul Faraj Isfahānī, especially where he dealt with Ahl al-Bayt (PBUH), tries to clarify some aspects of his hist MoreMaqātil al-Tālibīyyīn by Abul Faraj Isfahānī (356 AH), is one of the oldest and most prominent books of Maqātil. This article examines the historiography of Abul Faraj Isfahānī, especially where he dealt with Ahl al-Bayt (PBUH), tries to clarify some aspects of his historiography by evaluating and criticizing Abul Faraj's reports. Maqātil al-Tālibīyyīn is a source mostly relied on written sources and sometimes using oral sources. Abul Faraj compares and evaluates the narrations in order to measure their accuracy/inaccuracy and sometimes expresses her opinion, therefore, streaks of compound and analytical historiography can be seen in his work. Abul Faraj's tendency towards a group of Talibites has given a biased color to his historiography and has had an effect on the writing of the Maqātils. Despite this, his narrations were admired by the later scholars, especially the Imami Shia historians, and they found great value and credibility in the historiography of Ahl al-Bayt. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The New Interpretation of al-Hakīm al-Tirmidhī's Kitāb al-Furūq
Shams al-Din AzizPur Hamed(farhang) Khani(mehrvash)Kitab al-Furūq by al_Hakīm al-Tirmidhī (ca. 230-320 AH) is comprising the spiritual norms and moral values of Islamic Sufism with psycho analysis of Human nature. The book approach has made it significant in the history of Psycho analysis in Islamic Civilization. Althou MoreKitab al-Furūq by al_Hakīm al-Tirmidhī (ca. 230-320 AH) is comprising the spiritual norms and moral values of Islamic Sufism with psycho analysis of Human nature. The book approach has made it significant in the history of Psycho analysis in Islamic Civilization. Although, almost all traditional and modern scholars disscussed the book, they were not familiar with it and introduced it as an structureless encyclopedia containing twofold controversial words, to be like the author's another work: Tahsīl Nazāir al-Qur'ān. This study aimed to criticize this presupposition. we are going to survey the book by different methods of content analysis to find out author's real aim in compilation such a book. Without naming any group, it seems that al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi divided people into three different types: ordinary people, ordinary clergy men, and high rank clergy men, the typology he mentions in his another books by terms like al-‘amma, al-Khawāṣ, and Khāṣ al-Khawāṣ. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Salafiyan Takfiri or al-Djihaddiyyun: Origin and Ideas
سعید عدالت نژاد سید حسین نظا م الدینیSalafiyan Takfiri are among the extremist groups of Muslims who areknown by this title, given to them by their opponents, due to theirparticular ideas. The group emerged in Egypt but then later appearedin other Muslim countries. After the collapse of the Ottoman Empirea MoreSalafiyan Takfiri are among the extremist groups of Muslims who areknown by this title, given to them by their opponents, due to theirparticular ideas. The group emerged in Egypt but then later appearedin other Muslim countries. After the collapse of the Ottoman Empireand the emergence of new independent countries in the region in1924, economic, social, and political developments in later decadesgradually led to the idea of forming Islamic government as analternative to the Caliphate in Egypt. The adherents of this vision weresome Muslim groups who felt that their Islamic identity in suchconditions was subject to the danger of destruction. They who,generally speaking, stem from the Muslim of Brotherhood and wereunder their influence in attitudes, occupied the socio-politicalatmosphere of Egypt in the seventies and eighties. Among them, themost important groups of those are TanÛÐm al-Faniyya alÝAskariyya,DjamAÝa al-MuslimÐn or DjamAÝa al-TakfÐr wa al-Hijra, DjamAÝa al-Jihad. Introducing the ideas as well as the leadersof these groups, this paper tries to examine why they became wellknownas Salafiyan Takfiri or al-Djihaddiyyun. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - A revisit of a mathematical model for solving fully fuzzy linear programming problem with trapezoidal fuzzy numbers
A. EbrahimnejadIn this paper fully fuzzy linear programming (FFLP) problem with both equality and inequality constraints is considered where all the parameters and decision variables are represented by non-negative trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. According to the current approach, the FFLP MoreIn this paper fully fuzzy linear programming (FFLP) problem with both equality and inequality constraints is considered where all the parameters and decision variables are represented by non-negative trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. According to the current approach, the FFLP problem with equality constraints first is converted into a multi–objective linear programming (MOLP) problem with crisp constraints and then a lexicographic ordering method is used for solving the resulting MOLP problem. However, this approach cannot be used for finding the fuzzy optimal solution of FFLP problems with inequality constraints. The aim of this study is to point out and correct some errors in the definitions, notations operations and fuzzy ordering of the current approach for solving FFLP problems with fuzzy inequality constraints. Hence, a modified approach to obtain the fuzzy optimal solution of the FFLP problems with inequality constraints is proposed. Finally, several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the proposed approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Capacities of Al-Faragh theory and its application in law and legislation
farzaneh salemrahbar saydmohamadreza ayati Kazem Rahman Setayeshیکی از مهم ترین نقشها و کاربردهای نظریه منطقه الفراغ کاربرد آن در تدوین و تشریع قوانین است. مقصود از منطقه الفراغ منطقه ای است در شریعت که خالی از حکم الزامی ثابت است. بر طبق این نظریه حاکم اسلامی در منطقه ای که خالی از احکام الزامی ثابت است به تشریع قوانین می پردازد. ا Moreیکی از مهم ترین نقشها و کاربردهای نظریه منطقه الفراغ کاربرد آن در تدوین و تشریع قوانین است. مقصود از منطقه الفراغ منطقه ای است در شریعت که خالی از حکم الزامی ثابت است. بر طبق این نظریه حاکم اسلامی در منطقه ای که خالی از احکام الزامی ثابت است به تشریع قوانین می پردازد. این تحقیق با روش توصیفی تحلیلی به واکاوی ظرفیت و کاربست نظریه منطقه الفراغ در تدوین و تشریع قوانین می پردازد. طبق نظر اهل تسنن مصلحت به عنوان منبعی برای تشریع احکام و قوانین است. در حالی که طبق نظر عالمان شیعه مصلحت موضوعی برای تغییر احکام است و در منطقه فارغ از حکم با لحاظ مصلحت می توان به تدوین قوانین پرداخت. با استقرائی که در مبانی حقوق معاملات در تجارت و معاملات ساده و قراردادهای نوین حقوق اداری صورت گرفت، منطقه فراغ قراردادهای تجاری، نفع تجارت و نه تجار، منطقه فراغ معاملات ساده، عدالت محوری و نفع طرفین، منطقه فراغ قراردادهای حقوق اداری، نفع عمومی در جایی که تصدیگری دولت در نهاد معامله کننده وجود دارد و ذکر مصلحت در خصوص قرارداد نهادی که حاکمیت دولت است، معرفی شده و مجموعا به عنوان دستاورد نوآورانه این پژوهش معرفی می گردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Abulfazl al-Baghdādī: the Unknown Successor of Ahmad Ghazālī
انسیه شیخسفلی شهرام پازوکیAccording to the Sufis’ chains of authorities, the tradition of ShāhNimatullāh Valī (d. 1430 C.E.) goes back to Ahmad Ghazālī (d. 1126C.E.), the head of the Ma rufī order and the brother of the famousImām Muhammad Ghazālī. This chain was developed outside Iran byt MoreAccording to the Sufis’ chains of authorities, the tradition of ShāhNimatullāh Valī (d. 1430 C.E.) goes back to Ahmad Ghazālī (d. 1126C.E.), the head of the Ma rufī order and the brother of the famousImām Muhammad Ghazālī. This chain was developed outside Iran bythe unknown successor of Ahmad Ghazālī, mentioned as Abulfazl al-Baghdādī, and through some intermediaries reached Abu Madyan (d.1198 C.E.), in Tlemcen (a town in Northwestern Algeria). The name ofAbu Madyan is frequently mentioned in Ibn al- Arabi’s works as hismaster. This chain finally came up to Shāh Nimatullāh Valī, thusreturned to Iran. This article tries to survey the real identity of ShaikhAbulfazl al-Baghdādī. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The Comparison of Tasks and Rights of Husbands and Wives in Talmud and Man la yahḍuruhu al-Faqih
عاطفه Abdikhan M J Shams طاهره حاج ابراهیمی مجید Ma'arefHaving the same source and emphasizing the necessity to comply with the religious law, many similarities are found in the two religions, Judaism and Islam. Due to their emphasis on the law, ‎ these two religions are mentioned as task-oriented religions; the obligato MoreHaving the same source and emphasizing the necessity to comply with the religious law, many similarities are found in the two religions, Judaism and Islam. Due to their emphasis on the law, ‎ these two religions are mentioned as task-oriented religions; the obligatory tasks which define the relation between men and God and also the relations of people with each other. The mutual relation between husbands and wives is one of these relations and the religious law was introduced to protect this relation and as a result to establish a peaceful family. According to these religions both husband and wife, are responsible for their family and each of them has her/his own tasks, this division of labour maintains a balance in the family. In this respect, there are many similarities between Judaism and Islam. Emphasizing on Talmud (Instruction, Learning) and Man la yahḍuruhu ‎al-Faqih (For Him not in the Presence of a Jurisprudent), this paper deals with the issue of tasks and rights of husbands and wives in Judaism and Islam. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
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Paria Amirian Naser Talebbeydokhty Nematollah Jafarzadeh Ramin Nabizadeh -
Open Access Article
10 - Identification and classification of Maroon Petrochemical Company Olefin Unit special residues based on BAZEL Convention Method
Zahra Moavi Forozan FarrokhianBackground and Objective: Technology fast growth, attaining to production new processes, replacement artificial materials with natural fiber and thousands synthesis of materials kind and chemical compounds, lead to increasing much amount of industrial wastes and in some MoreBackground and Objective: Technology fast growth, attaining to production new processes, replacement artificial materials with natural fiber and thousands synthesis of materials kind and chemical compounds, lead to increasing much amount of industrial wastes and in some cases it has leaded to producing dangerous solid and liquid residue. Accordingly, the aim of this research is identification and classification of residues and consumer chemical identification and classification of residues and consumer chemical materials in Maroon Petrochemical Company Olefin Unit. Material and Methodology: Method in this research includes library studies and field observations from Olefin Unit and finally residues classification was based on Basel Convention. Findings: Studies showed that unit has 18 non-dangerous and 9 dangerous residues all those have identified on solid, semi solid, and liquid phase. The most non- dangerous residue belongs to wastage flea with 60 tons and the least was cloth element with 0.144 in year. Also, the most dangerous residue belongs to heavy oil with 144 tons and the least was petroleum with 1 ton in year. Discussion and Conclusion: Therefore, by 1.900.000 tons in year of consumer raw materials for producing of product in Olefin Unit, there was 323.9 tons of dangerous residue production in year. It is suggested that the performance of the olefin unit should be controlled according to the designed conditions and the catalysts and absorbents in the unit should be replaced with better types with a longer useful life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Bio- Assessment of Balekhloo River Based on Quantity Index (Shannon, Margalef, Pielou)
naghmeh jafarzadeh Ebrahim Fataee Saber Vatandoust Saeed MaddahBackground and Objective: Surveying ofBalekhloo River’s water is necessary because it is one of the main branches of Gharasoo River in Ardabil and supplying water for Yamchi dam Due to the presence of contaminant sources such as wastewater, residential areas, and MoreBackground and Objective: Surveying ofBalekhloo River’s water is necessary because it is one of the main branches of Gharasoo River in Ardabil and supplying water for Yamchi dam Due to the presence of contaminant sources such as wastewater, residential areas, and industrial, agricultural and mineral water, river morphology. Today evaluation of water quality based on macro invertebrates variety has completed chemical methods of pollution recognizes. Method: In this study water quality examination of Balekhloo River in Ardebil, macro invertebrates were sampled in 5 stations along the river in 2 times of year (low water season and high water season). For results’ simulation measuring of some physico chemical parametres were perfomed. Macro invertebrates were identified and evaluated with Shannon winner variety index, Margalef biotic index and Pielou similarity index. Findings: In this study, ten orders of invertebrates in 23 categories were identified and counted and result simulation laboratory measured of physico chemical parameters like DO, Nitrate, PH, Debi and velocity. Discussion and Conclusion: Results showed that there are similarities between physical, chemical and biological indexes and Margalef biotic index was known more suitable bio assessment index to determine water quality in Balekhloo River. Finally, by comparison of physical, chemical and bio index parameters of Balekhloo River’s water quality was classified into three region low, moderate and high pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - comparative study of two works of Persian epistolary "Attavassol elattarassol" and "Mesbaholrasayel va meftaholfazayel"
Fateme Akhtaranfar"Attavassol elattarassol" and "Mesbaholrasayel va mesbaholfazayel" are two works of type of origin with technical style. The first of which is a collection of correspondence and the second of which is in the etiquette of correspondence.Undoubtedly the works with the sam More"Attavassol elattarassol" and "Mesbaholrasayel va mesbaholfazayel" are two works of type of origin with technical style. The first of which is a collection of correspondence and the second of which is in the etiquette of correspondence.Undoubtedly the works with the same literary type and historical period are matched style. but sometimes a unique work emerges and is followed, or the similarity of the two works is such that it is worthy of attention. Attavassol elattarassol is also one of the excellent texts, which Mesbaholrasayel , of the valuable secretarial books and of the first works written in correspondence, with a unique resemblance to it.This article seeks to show the practicing of Movaffagh ebne Mohammad Majdi (author of Mesbaholrasayel ...) to the style of Bahaeddin Mohammad e Baghdadi (author of Attavassol ...) and the unique similarity of their work.Therefore the two mentioned works are compared with comparative and analytical method, its upshot is expressed based foundations of stylistics and mentioning the evidence in this speech.The results show that "Movaffagh ebne Mohammad e Majdi" followed writings of "Bahaeddin Mohammad e Baghdadi" as a model and wrote the principles of writing in accordance with the religion contained in his writings. Through this research, the factors that differentiate the two works in question have also been revealed. The available evidence shows that the difference between the two arises from the different subject matter of these books and sometimes the personal interests of their authors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The Effect of Arabic Poetry on Persian Literatue
Jalil TajlilArabic poetry could have a remarkable effect on Persian literature from bygones according to the plethora of the poets. It also could reduplicate the themes and concepts by derivation.Many of the forth and fifth centuries have derived their themes from Persian literatur MoreArabic poetry could have a remarkable effect on Persian literature from bygones according to the plethora of the poets. It also could reduplicate the themes and concepts by derivation.Many of the forth and fifth centuries have derived their themes from Persian literature and could make a new style in poetry. This new style is a sign of the effect of Arabic poetry on Persian literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Abul-FarajRuni and Arabic Literature
Ahmad Reza YalamehaOne of the literary men and famous poets of the second half of the fifth century AH who could adopt many themes through inspiration of the Arab poetsand apply those themes in his poetry was Abul-Faraj Runi. He is a great master of Persian poetry who was v MoreOne of the literary men and famous poets of the second half of the fifth century AH who could adopt many themes through inspiration of the Arab poetsand apply those themes in his poetry was Abul-Faraj Runi. He is a great master of Persian poetry who was very popular among his contemporary poets and even poets after him. He was known as the master and his book of poetry was the one favored by Anwary the great poet of the sixth century AH. He pioneered a movement of the perfection of Persian poetry especially with regards poetic depictions which ruined the previous methods. The present article studies Runi’s poetry and compares it to Arab poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Methodological Study of "Natayej Al Fitna" by Ibn Habbariyah
Hamila Charang Yaber DalfiMethodology is a useful tool to know and recognize a work's literary identity. Level methodology which is one of the modern methodology's types, studies and analyzez text's criteria from word choice and phrase structure and morphological view point. This research intend MoreMethodology is a useful tool to know and recognize a work's literary identity. Level methodology which is one of the modern methodology's types, studies and analyzez text's criteria from word choice and phrase structure and morphological view point. This research intends to study Natayej Al Fitna" poetries from methodological point of view and survey the vocal, syntactic, rhetorical level and find the relationship with the poet's theme such as emotions, ideas, dreams and goals. The method of the research is analytical – descriptive and studies lingual and rhetorical levels based on the question: how a successful theme can cause continuance and order in various parts of an educational poem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Comparative Study of Similarity and Difference between "Oyoonolakhbar" and "Al-Iqd Alfarid" from the Viewpoint of Structure and Content
Leila Bizhani Enayatollah FatehinezhadGhotaybeh's Oyoon Al akhbar is known as the most important literary book after Jaahaz's "Albayan and Altabiin". Each chapter of the book is called "Ketab". Some of the chapters include the manner of the statecraft, the custom of war, the pieces of advice of kings, MoreGhotaybeh's Oyoon Al akhbar is known as the most important literary book after Jaahaz's "Albayan and Altabiin". Each chapter of the book is called "Ketab". Some of the chapters include the manner of the statecraft, the custom of war, the pieces of advice of kings, Islamic governors’ and philosophers’ sayings, the words of wisdom by great sages, worthy and unworthy characteristics and proverbs. The author of Alaaghd Alfarid has copied all section of Oyoon Alakhbar and other books into the sections of his book. Also, he has written most of the narratives of Oyoon Alakhbar, without the name of Ibn Ghotaybeh and omitted his all related documents. In the present study, the two mentioned books are compared and similarities and differences are analyzed. The methodology is descriptive-analytical and employed library and digital resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - A comparative study of the image of Imam Ali (as) regarding generosity with an approach to several literary works
Najmieh Karimi Hossein Azar Payvand Gholamreza Tamimi Tavandashti Generosity is a social movement and a spiritual impulse of the culture and civilization of ancient Iran, which has been influential among the masses since the beginning of the entry of Islamic culture into the vast geography of Iran and it has somehow merged with More Generosity is a social movement and a spiritual impulse of the culture and civilization of ancient Iran, which has been influential among the masses since the beginning of the entry of Islamic culture into the vast geography of Iran and it has somehow merged with Islamic culture. This research has observed the image of Imam Ali (AS) in "Fotovatnameh of Soltani" from Persian literature and "Treatise of Fatwa in Islam", Yusef Ibn Sousha and the book "Al-Sela Bain Sufism and Shi'ism »Kamel Mustafa al-Sheibi, from Arabic literature in a qualitative content analysis method and by referring to the reliable sources and documents of the library. Throughout history, many Shiite and Sunni nobles who believed in the principles of Shari'a and Tariqah, considered Imam Ali (AS) as the leader of the nobles and the strong point of this current of thought. The historical presence and spiritual support of Imam Ali (as) as the leader of generosity caused to be the helper of the poor and to fight against the oppressors with the slogan of La Fati Alla. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The Conjunction between “Al Comidia Al Samawiyah” and Holy Quran
Mohsen Seifi Leila KhoubiyanHoly Quran as the superior masterpiece and Prophet Muhammad’s miracle is the most complete text that many poets’ verses and poetries make conjunctions with it. One of these poets is Mohammad Al Forati – well – known Arab poet and translator &ndas MoreHoly Quran as the superior masterpiece and Prophet Muhammad’s miracle is the most complete text that many poets’ verses and poetries make conjunctions with it. One of these poets is Mohammad Al Forati – well – known Arab poet and translator – who joined Quranic interpretations and concepts with his verses in artistic and creative way which made his works attractive and effective. Thus the present article tries to express and explain the Quranic intertextuals in analytical – descriptive method in order to discover the Quran’s effect on surface structure and deep structure of Forati’s poetries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Critique of the Translation of Al-Waqi'ah Surah (Case study: translation of Abolfazl Bahrampour)
Zahra Samadi Masoud BavanpouriHoly Quran has been translated into various languages and the level of ability of its translators in understanding the Quran, precepting it in the target language or both, as well as familiarity with the knowledge of linguistics and translation has varied. Abolfazl Ba MoreHoly Quran has been translated into various languages and the level of ability of its translators in understanding the Quran, precepting it in the target language or both, as well as familiarity with the knowledge of linguistics and translation has varied. Abolfazl Bahrampour is one of these translators who has had a great ability in understanding and translating the text of the Holy Quran in his translation. Of course, he also had weaknesses that the present article, after stating the general features of Al-Waqi'ah Surah, studies the translation of Abolfazl Bahrampour in various rhetorical purposes; First, he deals with the rhetorical features such as simile, metaphor, irony, emphasis, attention, etc. in the verses of Al-Waqi'ah Surah, and then he compares those rhetorical intentions with Bahrampour's translation. Some omissions of translations are due to the precise and complex structure of the Qur'anic language, which has made translators prefer one translation over another, but some slips are also due to weakness in the structure of the word or its morphological, syntactic and rhetorical style; Some (translators) also undertook interpretive translation and elaborated without separating the original word from the interpretive margins. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Artistic, Literal and Religious Application of Disconnected Letters in Mystic Poets Works
Gholam Reza HeidariPoets and authors create awesome concepts and themes by considering the manner and features of Persian alphabet and on the other hand by emphasizing the religious, spiritual and social values of disconnected letters who have many commonalities with each other in order t MorePoets and authors create awesome concepts and themes by considering the manner and features of Persian alphabet and on the other hand by emphasizing the religious, spiritual and social values of disconnected letters who have many commonalities with each other in order to make poetic phrases and interpretations. According to the importance and position of the letters – disconnected or Persian alphabet – the present paper attempts to represent poetic and prose documents from structures and common applications in order to manifest these letters' position in Persian literary concepts and interpretations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Translation Methods of Singular Metonymy in Yousef Surah in Some Quran's Translations
Zahra Mohammadi Simin ValviPaying attention to tropes to understand the Quran's facts is essential because of their wide application in Holy Quran. This article studies Quran's translation, trope's concept and its various types and then singular metonymies of Yousef Surah are surveyed to express MorePaying attention to tropes to understand the Quran's facts is essential because of their wide application in Holy Quran. This article studies Quran's translation, trope's concept and its various types and then singular metonymies of Yousef Surah are surveyed to express the translation method in selected ancient translations. The outcome the research shows that the translators did not apply similar method in singular metonymy translation. Some translations were source – based and some were target – based. Translators of Tabari Translation owned the most frequent literal (word to word) translation. Surabadi had the most content translation. Abu l-Futuh al-Razi and Meybodi offered literal, content and interpretational translations equally. It is not possible to propose a significant pattern in singular metonymies but applying and enjoying various methods is possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - ''Principles of the Text Critisim in Alforqan commentary'
Yoones NikandishBeing informed of principles and the procedures of the comprehension and criticism of the text in Alforqan interpretition is very important, because, firstly,the procedures and style of exegetist in comprehension and the criticism of explanatory hadiths are ba MoreBeing informed of principles and the procedures of the comprehension and criticism of the text in Alforqan interpretition is very important, because, firstly,the procedures and style of exegetist in comprehension and the criticism of explanatory hadiths are based on it.Secondly the differentiation from others in the interpreter's understanding and criticism of the hadith can be clear.Thirdly, it leads to the promotion of the knowledge of other explanatory and hadith researchers.According to Mohammad Sadeghi, the author of the interpretation of "Alfrqan", the extension of the evidence on jurisprudential interpretation in four books, tradition, reason, and the consensus is a matter of reflection.Because only God's Book is the reason,i.e., it is both well versed in law and a legitimate reason.In this articlewe have attempted toexplainandinterpretthis author’s opinions and his critiquebasisthroughhisinterpretation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Quranic intertextuality in the lyrics of Hafez
Ahmadreza yalameha Moslem rajabiUndoubtedly,The poet and scholar of Islam and Muslim that is influenced by religious books Tries That In his speech Reflects Verses of the Quran and hadith inmate PBUH. This is one of the poets Hafez .his Poetry is a very large position. He knows all the great literatur MoreUndoubtedly,The poet and scholar of Islam and Muslim that is influenced by religious books Tries That In his speech Reflects Verses of the Quran and hadith inmate PBUH. This is one of the poets Hafez .his Poetry is a very large position. He knows all the great literature and poetry. He has been widely used Verses of the Quran. Perhaps this is one of the secrets of his poems into account durability. In this study, we examined the Quranic view of intertextuality in his lyrics. In fact, in the words of the poet and mystic Quranic intertextuality large, has been manifested in many forms. He has used in his Poetry Many Quranic words and phrases This paper describes Various forms unaffected Hafez of the Quran. This section introduces us to the color of the Qur'an lyrics of hafez. Manuscript profile -
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24 - Giving Zakat to the Needy and the Poor from Islamic Point of View
Mehdi MomtahenIslamic Religious Law has paid focal attention to Zakat and how it is used. In the verse 60 of To bah surah of the Holy Quran All ah states "Zakat is for the poor and needy, those who work to collect them, those whose hearts are brought together, the ransoming of slaves MoreIslamic Religious Law has paid focal attention to Zakat and how it is used. In the verse 60 of To bah surah of the Holy Quran All ah states "Zakat is for the poor and needy, those who work to collect them, those whose hearts are brought together, the ransoming of slaves, debtors, in God's way, and the traveler; so God ordains, God is All-knowing, All-wise." Islam considers the soundness of social life is guaranteed by helping the poor and the needy; and hence the first social welfare institution in the history is established. Collecting Zakat is a responsibility of the governor. This research studies Zakat in the Islamic jurisprudence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - The Prophet's Approach to Inviting to the Principles of Islam based on Qur'anic Instructions
Reza RamezaniIn the Western world, some have described Islam and its Prophet as warriors, violent, bloodthirsty and cruel and have reduced the status of Muslims to the level of terrorists! However, the truth of the matter is other than this, and the source of this kind of analysis a MoreIn the Western world, some have described Islam and its Prophet as warriors, violent, bloodthirsty and cruel and have reduced the status of Muslims to the level of terrorists! However, the truth of the matter is other than this, and the source of this kind of analysis and perception can be considered in the West's enmity with Islam, selective treatment of the manners and character of the Prophet of Islam, and misunderstanding of Islam and lack of comprehensive knowledge of Islam. In order to fulfill his mission, the Holy Prophet put principles and ideologies on his agenda, which played an important role in the spread of Islam in Saudi Arabia and neighboring countries, by creating peace and friendship among the people and establishing peaceful coexistence among the people of that region. Therefore, in order to introduce a comprehensive picture of the Holy Prophet in this article, an attempt has been made to review the methods of the Holy Prophet in inviting him to the principles of Islam and to extract its general principles and doctrines based on Quranic instructions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Analysis of textual coherence in Bahrampour Persian translation of the Holy Quran (Case study: Surah Zalzal)
Seyed Mohammad Hassan Mousavi FakhrExperts in the field of translation believe that the degree of coherence is closely related to the degree of originality and destination-orientation of the translator. This means that the more the translation is substantive, interpretive and explanatory, the more cohere MoreExperts in the field of translation believe that the degree of coherence is closely related to the degree of originality and destination-orientation of the translator. This means that the more the translation is substantive, interpretive and explanatory, the more coherent it is compared tobound to the source text, literal and faithful translations. In this regard, the translation of Master Abolfazl Bahrampour from the Holy Quran is an equivalent and semantic translation that has prominent lexical, syntactic and rhetorical advantages; But from the point of view of coherence and integration, it has not been the focus of question and research so far. One of the small chapters of the Qur'an is the Zalzal Surah, in which the high quality of coherence has been proven by some experts. Accordingly, the purpose of this article is to evaluate the case of coherence in the Persian translation of the mentioned surah by Abolfazl Bahrampour based on Halliday and Hassan theory in 1985 and by descriptive-analytical and statistical methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Textual Cohesion in Quran’s Translation by Bahrampour (Zelzal Surah)
Seyyed Mohammad Hasan Mousavi FakhrScholars in translation field believe that there is a close relationship between cohesion status and mother – language and target language oriented translator. It means that the more descriptive, explanatory and content – based the translation is the more co MoreScholars in translation field believe that there is a close relationship between cohesion status and mother – language and target language oriented translator. It means that the more descriptive, explanatory and content – based the translation is the more cohesion the translation has rather than literal and loyal translation. Thus translation of Holy Quran by Abolfazl Bahrampour is semantic and meaning – based translation which is of remarkable lexical, syntactic and rhetorical privileges; but are not researched and studied from cohesion and coherency viewpoint. Zelzal Surah is one the short Surahs which is of high quality in cohesion and coherence from scholars’ point of view. Accordingly, the main goal of the present article is the case assessment of cohesion in translation of abovementioned Surah translated by Abolfazl Bahrampour based on Halliday and Hasan theory and trusting descriptive – analytical and statistical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Investigating the Conventional Realms of Grief Metaphors in Persian Based on Zaltan Kochsh's Theory
ali reza Rezainejad Mehdi Mohammadi Nia ahmad mojaveziMetaphor as a tool for conceptualizing what is abstract is of particular importance among linguists Found. Following the research of cognitive linguists, the role of metaphor in everyday speech gradually became more prominent It became more colorful. Today, the study of MoreMetaphor as a tool for conceptualizing what is abstract is of particular importance among linguists Found. Following the research of cognitive linguists, the role of metaphor in everyday speech gradually became more prominent It became more colorful. Today, the study of metaphor in various fields of language is very important and without a doubt, feeling is one of the most important of these fields. It seems unlikely to speak of emotion without the use of metaphor or metaphor. One cannot speak of one's inner feeling without a metaphorical mapping and a part of the realm of origin matching the realm of the destination, which is the feeling. In fact, the properties of the source world and the destination world are so interrelated that the metaphor can be extended or its internal logic preserved. One of the interesting topics in the study of emotion metaphor is what areas of origin the speakers of each language consider in expressing their feelings and what are the most common ones. One of these feelings is the feeling of sadness, and in this article we intend to examine and compare the realm of feeling sad in Persian and English based on Zaltan Koch's theory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - The effects of dystopia in the poetry of Ahmad al-Waeli, a case study of the ode "Baghdad"
Alireza Mohammad Rezaei Seyed Yusef Nejat Nejad Mostafa ChananiMany contemporary writers and poets have investigated the phenomenon of dystopia or the opposite of the utopia; the corrupt city, in their works, and blamed the oppressive governments and rulers, with their poetry and works, who do nothing for the sake of people and the MoreMany contemporary writers and poets have investigated the phenomenon of dystopia or the opposite of the utopia; the corrupt city, in their works, and blamed the oppressive governments and rulers, with their poetry and works, who do nothing for the sake of people and their future but their own interests and supporters, and informed their own people and audiences for the evil effects and stimulated them for their removal and correction. Unemployment, poverty and deprivation of natural and legal blessings, destructive wars and their bad effects, lust and the luxurious life of rulers and leaders of power are its most prominent features. Ahmad al-Waeli warned Iraqi people in a poem titled "Baghdad" and his other poems, against the existence of the corrupt city and criticized the rulers and governments with his poem. In this article, we examine the characteristics of this anti-utopia in the poet's poem "Baghdad" using a descriptive and analytical method, and at the end, we refer to the results of this study. Manuscript profile -
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30 - A study in the effectiveness of argument patterns in the mirror of Samih al-Qasim's poetry
ayat shokati ali sayadani ali khaleghi Jafar AmshasfandA study in the effectiveness of argument patterns in the mirror of Samih al-Qasim's poetryThe social use of speech highlights the pilgrims as a distinctive feature, so every argument presupposes a counter-argument, and there is absolutely no pilgrims without counter-arg MoreA study in the effectiveness of argument patterns in the mirror of Samih al-Qasim's poetryThe social use of speech highlights the pilgrims as a distinctive feature, so every argument presupposes a counter-argument, and there is absolutely no pilgrims without counter-arguments, given that the truth, when revealed in the context of human and social relations, is difficult to comprehend and becomes a subject of dispute and controversy in the absence of material and objective arguments. The field of pilgrims, then, is not the truthful and necessary, which distinguishes it from the proof - but rather the potential. That is why Gilles Declercq says that the pilgrims, while taking human and social relations as their field, emerge as a linguistic and intellectual tool that allows decision-making in a field dominated by conflict and dominated by argument. Samih al-Qasim is one of the most important and famous contemporary Arab and Palestinian poets whose name is associated with the poetry of revolution and resistance. The subject of our research, as indicated by its title, is a study of the pilgrims in the poetry of Samih Al-Qasim, and by studying here we mean looking at the sum of the techniques that the poet adopts to invoke an opinion or refute an idea, trying to convince the reader of what he simplifies or make him acquiesce in what he presents. This will inevitably lead us to study the structure of pilgrims on the one hand, and its methods on the other hand. Manuscript profile -
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31 - Narrative Discourse Analysis in Palestinian Resistance Literature(Case Study: Passage to the Plaza)
Naeime Parandavaji Kobra Roshanfekr Maryam BakhshandehNarrative discourse is an important way to represent the actions, words, and thoughts of a story that arises from studying the distance between the narrator and the characters of the story. Leech and Short are among the most important theorists who have divided the meth MoreNarrative discourse is an important way to represent the actions, words, and thoughts of a story that arises from studying the distance between the narrator and the characters of the story. Leech and Short are among the most important theorists who have divided the methods of representation into five methods: direct, indirect, free direct, free indirect, and the narration of words and ideas. The present article analyzes these methods in a descriptive – analytical method by enumerating the ideas of the novel " Passage to the Plaza " (1990). The research findings show that the narrator has applied direct thought, thought reporting and free indirect thought to construct her fictional world; Because direct thinking allows the characters to express their concerns in various political, social, economic, social and cultural fields to the reader without intermediaries. In the indirect free method, the voice of the narrator and the character are mixed and the story is transmitted to the reader through two voices, enjoying various representations. The author paints a vivid picture of Palestinian society in the early years of the uprising (Intifada). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - “A New Dream” by Afaf Tabbala, a children’s story that adults not seen in it
sobhan kavosi omid izanloo zahra ahmadiChildren's literature is educational tool to answer children's questions that develope his personality. The article -with the analytical method- study authoritarianism and carnavalism in “A New Dream”. Adults write for children, and authority determines what MoreChildren's literature is educational tool to answer children's questions that develope his personality. The article -with the analytical method- study authoritarianism and carnavalism in “A New Dream”. Adults write for children, and authority determines what should be in children's literature. Therefore, there is imbalance between adults and children, which reinforces the authoritarianism of adults over children's literature. Main characters in “A New Dream” are animals bearing human characteristics and through it we can stimulate the child’s imagination. Adults are the creators of children's literature, and when the character childs act like an adult without supervision, the carnival enters the story. The relationship between Carnival and children's literature is related to the authoritarian relationship between children and adults. the adults not seen in this story, and the little reader does not wait to hear them advice, teachings,. three characters seem at first little adults, and sometimes the characteristics of the characters are depicted and difficult for the reader to imagine them as children that can cause a kind of mistrust in the child and may lead to a kind of strangeness to them. We see some contradictions in characters' intelligence and inability. The most important point seek to resolve problems. Filling the blanks is a process that the writer uses in the story and leaves gaps in which the reader has the task of filling them in order to complete the structure of the text. But Tabbala fills in the blanks and not allow the child's to imagination. Manuscript profile -
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33 - The Role of Mandaeans in promoting culture and science from Ancient to Modern Eras
Abdolreza Mazrae Yadollah Maleki Jafar TabanDespite of being a small religious sect, the Mandaeans, in the period of the rise and spread of Christianity or after the rise of Islam, especially after emerging of Arab and Islamic civilization during the Abbasid period, in the development of spiritual and intellectua MoreDespite of being a small religious sect, the Mandaeans, in the period of the rise and spread of Christianity or after the rise of Islam, especially after emerging of Arab and Islamic civilization during the Abbasid period, in the development of spiritual and intellectual life in Mesopotamia and the lands where They did, they played a prominent role, and among them brilliant scientific personalities made a great contribution to the promotion of Arab and Islamic civilization. Unfortunately, in spite of mentioning the religion of some other writers of their time, the historians have limited themselves to the biography and mention of their literature and sciences, without mentioning their religion; but this is acceptable because of the Mandaeans' insistence on keeping secret or the fear of announcing their religion or the lack of transparency in the philosophy of this religion. The findings of the present article show that there were Mandaeans personalities who had a valuable contribution to Islamic civilization and culture, and some of them became Muslims later, which were not addressed in previous research. The study seeks to find the influence and role of the intellectuals of this religious sect in promoting different cultures and sciences and ethics for the development of spiritual and intellectual life in the lands of their residence through descriptive – analytical and library methods in collecting data. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Bahram Beizai's historical plays in Arabic and Persian literature
Fazel Abbaszadeh Mehrdad AghaeiBahram Beizai is one of the top play-writers in Iran and a director of theater and cinema who has used myths, legends, folklore and oral literature in the best possible way in his plays. Beizaei's plays have a great importance due to their influence on ancient Persian a MoreBahram Beizai is one of the top play-writers in Iran and a director of theater and cinema who has used myths, legends, folklore and oral literature in the best possible way in his plays. Beizaei's plays have a great importance due to their influence on ancient Persian and Arabic treasures. As it is clear, Beizai in his plays continues Ferdowsi's way in re-reading and recreating history, myths and epics, and he has inspired ancient Persian and Arabic sources in his literary works, including plays. This researcher intends to categorize Bahram Beizai's plays in a descriptive-analytical manner in the framework of "reading-oriented" critique and evaluate them with a favorable summary of the author's theatrical sources and the author's specific processing and approach. The results of the research show that Bahram Beizai, by examining different historical periods and adapting the epic myths, Ashura, pre-Islamic and post-Islamic history of Iran, has been able to bind his works with contemporary currents and ideas by these re-readings. Manuscript profile -
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35 - Manifestations of Resistant Literature in Iranian Literature and Contemporary Palestine
Mohammad reza Beigi mehdi mohammadi Khadijeh Safari kendsariLanguage is undoubtedly the embodiment and symbol of the mind. Mental action is expressed when it comes to the stage of language, and expression is nothing but a combination of words and phrases. In fact, poets make their invisible minds visible and understandable in "w MoreLanguage is undoubtedly the embodiment and symbol of the mind. Mental action is expressed when it comes to the stage of language, and expression is nothing but a combination of words and phrases. In fact, poets make their invisible minds visible and understandable in "what to say" and "how to say". The occupation of Arab countries, including Iraq and Palestine, as well as the imposed war after the victory of the Islamic Revolution, were a great test for the field. Anyone could protect the homeland in any way he could. This current remains to this day and is necessary to preserve the values of sacred defense. The present article is descriptive-analytical and the research findings indicate that the language of contemporary stability poetry with persuasive functions has religious, epic, cultural and mythological themes, and using structures such as allusion, simile, metaphor, aberration, The archetype, etc. depicts the blowing of the spirit of morality and the strength and heroic authority with a suitable and eloquent tone and meaning for the audience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - A Comparative Study of the Social Image of Women in Jami's Poems and Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahār’s Poets
Roqiyeh Khoddami Mahnaz Ramezani Zohreh SarmadThe Timurid period is a period in the history of Iran in which women do not have a favorable position. Jami, one of the prominent poets of this century in Haft Aurang, has a dual and often negative approach to women in referring to the women of his Masnavi; In contrast, MoreThe Timurid period is a period in the history of Iran in which women do not have a favorable position. Jami, one of the prominent poets of this century in Haft Aurang, has a dual and often negative approach to women in referring to the women of his Masnavi; In contrast, the situation has changed during the constitutional period. In the Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahār’s poets, this change of attitude and improvement of the position of women can be clearly seen. This can be related both to the political and social conditions of the poet's age and to his personal view of women. Analytical-descriptive study shows that Jami in Leili and Majnoon presents a positive image of female characteristics such as beauty, loyalty, intellect, etc. introduced as a liar and lustful. This dual approach is also observed in the Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahār’s poetries, with the difference that a positive attitude towards women is more prominent. Woman is not only mentioned as a mistress, but also the rationality, personality and humanity of women In Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahār’s poems. Manuscript profile -
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37 - A literary comparative study of the jurisprudential documents of the ruling of cursing the Prophet based on the opinions of the two teams
hamid reza dezhan esmaeil eslami mohammad fatehiSab-ul-Nabi is one of the topics of Islamic penal jurisprudence, which is very important and many verses and traditions refer to it. Since in Islamic penal jurisprudence, a special punishment is provided for this title. Therefore, it can be used as an argument for the o MoreSab-ul-Nabi is one of the topics of Islamic penal jurisprudence, which is very important and many verses and traditions refer to it. Since in Islamic penal jurisprudence, a special punishment is provided for this title. Therefore, it can be used as an argument for the opponents of this ruling. So, what is the plan of this topic, Sab-ul-Nabi? And who is Subal-Nabi? And what is its condition is of special importance. All Islamic schools of thought and all jurists of Fariqin have considered Sab-ul-Nabi as one of the crimes punishable by death. With this difference, there is no independent chapter under the title Sab-ul-Nabi in the jurisprudence books of Ahl al-Sunnah, so they examine this issue under the topic of apostasy. Therefore, in this article, the reaction of Iran's jurisprudential-legal system will be studied with analytical, descriptive and library methods. Key words: penal jurisprudence, criminal law, Sab- ul-Nabi, Sunnah jurisprudence. Manuscript profile -
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38 - The Influence of Abu Ali Farsi on Literary Criticism and Contemporary Critical Theories
Sajjad Arabi Marzieh Kohandel Mohammad Reza SalariAbu Ali Farsi was one of the scholars of Arabic language and grammar in the Abbasid era that paid great attention to the sciences of the Qur'an, especially the seven recitations of the Qur'an, and this led him to offer influential views in the fields of syntax, rhetoric MoreAbu Ali Farsi was one of the scholars of Arabic language and grammar in the Abbasid era that paid great attention to the sciences of the Qur'an, especially the seven recitations of the Qur'an, and this led him to offer influential views in the fields of syntax, rhetoric and lexicography. These views had a significant contribution to the development of various sciences, including literary criticism, and hypothesize the influence of Abu Ali on the emergence and expansion of influential theories in the field of literary criticism. In this way, in this article, it is tried to study the influence of Abu Ali Farsi on the emergence of two theories of syntactic criticism and the theory of interpretation or hermeneutics based on descriptive-analytical method with the aim of explaining the role of this world of syntax in literary criticism. The results of the research showed the high influence of Abu Ali Farsi in the theories of literary criticism, especially the theory of syntactic criticism and hermeneutic theory. The roots of these two theories can be seen in the views of Abu Ali Farsi. Abu Ali Farsi's influence on the theory of syntactic critique originates from his high influence on sciences such as philosophy, logic, and his extensive use of rational analogy and reasoning and contemplation. It is possible to deduce some of the views of the pioneers of the new hermeneutic theory in the West, such as Schleiermacher, Gadamer and Dilthey in the views of Abu Ali Farsi, especially in explaining the readings of the Qur'an. Manuscript profile -
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39 - A Study of the Theme of Palestine in the Literature of Sustainability in the Poems of Ali Mousavi Garmaroodi, Nasrallah Mardani and Javad Jamil"
Forouzan joolaei nahid fowziThe literature of the Palestinian resistance is considered an important and inseparable part of contemporary literature as well as the Intifada, and because of its roots in reality, it is one of the purest examples of sustainability literature throughout history. This t MoreThe literature of the Palestinian resistance is considered an important and inseparable part of contemporary literature as well as the Intifada, and because of its roots in reality, it is one of the purest examples of sustainability literature throughout history. This type of literature as a branch of committed literature in the occupied territories due to concerns as well as oppression and resistance of the people and also due to its formation in contexts such as oppression, rape, tyranny, oppression and repression from a high position. And the issue of resistance against the occupiers, due to the recording of the struggles of the peoples of the Orient due to the political commonalities and beliefs that exist between the two nations of Iran and Palestine, as one of the central themes of Islamic Revolution poetry, in the works of many committed poets And there is a revolution. In this article, with a comparative approach to the poetry of Javad Jamil, a prominent Iraqi poet, and Seyyed Ali Mousavi Garmaroodi and Nasrallah Mardani, prominent poets of the Islamic Revolution, the common themes of these poets in dealing with the issue of the occupation of Palestine are examined. The resistance and stability of the Palestinian people and the fighters of this land have been praised by poets. Anti-authoritarianism and the expulsion of the usurpers of the land of Palestine are the aspirations of all three poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Investigation of police stories in Persian literature
Yousef Karami Chemeh mahdi torkshavand Meisam AhmadiInvestigation of police stories in Persian literature Abstract The story is one of the most important literary forms. This literary genre has several types, of which "police story" is one of them. More than 180 years have passed since the emergence of the fir MoreInvestigation of police stories in Persian literature Abstract The story is one of the most important literary forms. This literary genre has several types, of which "police story" is one of them. More than 180 years have passed since the emergence of the first complete examples of police stories in world literature; But it was around the last decade of the 13th century and through translation that this literary form entered Iran for the first time. Police stories are among the most popular literary works and have appeared in Persian literature in various forms during their lifetime. In this article, by using library sources and in a descriptive-analytical way, the history of the police story in Persian literature was investigated. The story is one of the most important literary forms. This literary genre has several types, of which "police story" is one of them. More than 180 years have passed since the emergence of the first complete examples of police stories in world literature; But it was around the last decade of the 13th century and through translation that this literary form entered Iran for the first time. Police stories are among the most popular literary works and have appeared in Persian literature in various forms during their lifetime. In this article, by using library sources and in a descriptive-analytical way, the history of the police story in Persian literature was investigated. Keywords: story, police story, Persian literature, history. Manuscript profile -
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41 - Patriotism and women in the Palestinian Struggle in the poetry of Abu Salma
shahreyar hemmati behnam bagheri hadi jahedعبد الکریم الکرمی الملقب بأبی سلمی شاعر فلسطینی رائع فی الأدب العربی المعاصر، وهو یعشق جمال المرأة ویتغنی بوصفه حسب الوصفات الممیزة ونظرته الجمالیة المتّسمة. یمتزج الحب فی شعره امتزاجاً کلیاً بین الهجر والوصال وبین الواقع والخیال. فی هذه الدراسة؛ نتابع النواحی الجمالیة Moreعبد الکریم الکرمی الملقب بأبی سلمی شاعر فلسطینی رائع فی الأدب العربی المعاصر، وهو یعشق جمال المرأة ویتغنی بوصفه حسب الوصفات الممیزة ونظرته الجمالیة المتّسمة. یمتزج الحب فی شعره امتزاجاً کلیاً بین الهجر والوصال وبین الواقع والخیال. فی هذه الدراسة؛ نتابع النواحی الجمالیة فی المرأة ونقف موقف توصیفاته فی کل حرف من الحروف الدالة علی الأنوثة بعاطفة مشبعة صادقة، ونعالج التداخل المتجاوب بین الحب والوطنیة فی خطابه الشعری. کل تلک الأوصاف یندمج ضمن الإطار الرومانتیکی وهو هائم مع الأحلام یتغزل، بید أنه کان یعیش فی فلسطین وتأثّر من حوادث النکبة وبعد النکبة الفلسطینیّة، تأخذ أشعاره أبعاداً جدیدة ویمتزج حبه للمرأة بحب الوطن فی مجال النضال، فنجد فی شعره مزیجاً من العاطفة والکفاح الوطنی الفلسطینی ولهذا تصبح المرأة فی رویته رفیقة کفاح ونضال. وقد تبین من خلال الدراسة أنّ الشاعر یمزج فی نفسه عشق الحبیبة والوطن فی آن واحد، ویجعل المرأة معادلاً موضوعیاً للوطن. فأخذت المرأة عند أبی سلمی، عمقاً إیحائیاً مؤثراً بما تتضمن تجسید العلاقة الثنائیة بینها وبین الوطن، فتبدو العلاقة نوعاً من حالات العشق تتوحد خلالها الذات بالوطن. Manuscript profile -
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42 - Location and its Application in Sahar Khalifa’s Novel “Hobbi Al-Avval”
Hamideh Souri Mostafa seyed Babak Farzaneh leila Ghasemi HajiAbadiAs the main constituent of a story, location shows the place of events and incidents, giving a complete image of a novel. Occupying a big portion of Palestinian novels, it is also essential in deepening subjects examined by Palestinian writers. A committed Palestinian w MoreAs the main constituent of a story, location shows the place of events and incidents, giving a complete image of a novel. Occupying a big portion of Palestinian novels, it is also essential in deepening subjects examined by Palestinian writers. A committed Palestinian writer always concerned about her occupied land, Sahar Khalifa has managed to portray some reasons for Palestinian's defeat in a romance using this element in “Hobbi Al-Avval” written in 2010. This research uses an analytical- descriptive method to analyze the role and position of the main locations of the novel, explaining the contrasts among these locations. The secondary locations effective in forming the main locations have also been examined regarding closed-ness and openness, friendliness and unfriendliness. The results show that the main locations in this novel are cities and villages, and the secondary locations are a coffeehouse, an airport, and the Ghahtaan family’s home. Out of the contrast between Nablus and Levant, she clearly illustrates the atmosphere in Palestine at the time, and the coffeehouse as a secondary but open location plays a key role in depicting the reasons for Palestinians' defeat in the story.The main tool the writer uses to display the locations in the story includes giving a detailed description of villages, nature, and villagers, with the equivocal and ornamental function having a larger portion of the novel than other descriptive functions Manuscript profile -
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43 - A Comparative Reading of Hereditary Characters in Contemporary Arabic and Persian Poetry (Case Study of Adnan Al-Sayegh’s and Seyyed Ali Garmaroudi’s Poetry)
MOHAMMAD GHAFOURIFAR mallek salemiRe-reading hereditary characters is one of the foundations and new tools of expressing aesthetics on which poets rely to create their own images and innovations. Contemporary Arabic and Persian poetry have benefited greatly from hereditary characters, so that we are wit MoreRe-reading hereditary characters is one of the foundations and new tools of expressing aesthetics on which poets rely to create their own images and innovations. Contemporary Arabic and Persian poetry have benefited greatly from hereditary characters, so that we are witnessing the increasing use of these artistic tools by contemporary poets. Meanwhile, the Iraqi poet, Adnan Al-Sayegh and the Iranian poet, Seyyed Ali Garmaroudi have paid significant attention to hereditary characters. Accordingly, they have given human dimensions to their poetic purposes and inspired their artistic experience by being inspired by deep thoughts and reflecting on the issues of rich times. With their artistic and literary experience, the two poets linked the audience's cry to the hereditary characters in fighting against the world arrogance. Done via a comparative research method, and based on the American School of Comparative Studies, the present paper made significant results such as the two poets’ efforts to create an aesthetic instrument of hereditary characters to serve the literary subject and enrich the meaning. Linguistic expressions and the discovery of their insistence or emphasis are summarized. Therefore, the characters, in a norm-breaking manner, carry new meanings and semantic horizons in order to reduce the richness and inherent dimension of contemporary Arabic and Persian poetry and to keep the poems away from direct speech and interpretation. By using Islamic heritage personalities and heritage codes, the two poets seek to awaken a sense of national identity among the people in the face of aggressors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Savior Effects in the utopia of contemporary Persian poets(Study in the opinions of three political currents)
mohamareza ziaae esmaiil eslamiAbstract The contemporary history of Iran witnessed many political and social events, especially in the twentieth century, and its echoes were reflected in contemporary literature, especially poetry, Contemporary poets tried to depict their virtuous city (Utopia) accor MoreAbstract The contemporary history of Iran witnessed many political and social events, especially in the twentieth century, and its echoes were reflected in contemporary literature, especially poetry, Contemporary poets tried to depict their virtuous city (Utopia) according to their political views and religious positions. Contemporary Iranian poets, in their virtuous city, placed part of their hopes and aspirations on the shoulders of the promised deliverer. Although there are similarities in the nature of the proselyte, we see differences in its attributes and characteristics. This study, depending on the descriptive and analytical methods, seeks to shed light on the views of a number of contemporary Iranian poets about the Savior in their utopian city by providing some examples and studying them, and comparing them with the three opinions of religious scholars to reveal the common and different denominators between them. One of the most important findings of the study is that there is rich material in contemporary Persian poetry about the promised deliverer, and that contemporary Iranian poets almost agree on the idea of waiting and the appearance of the deliverer, but they differ in the credibility of the deliverer. Some of them believed in Imam Mahdi, and some of them went in another direction, and looked for people with different characteristics. Manuscript profile -
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45 - Aesthetics of structural-semantic strains in Ebrahim Nasrallah's poetry
arman mohamadi mohamadreza beigiIn this study, we want to discuss analytical method and relying on structural and semantic aspects of empowering palestinian poet lyrics nasrallah , To understand how the beautymaker axes the superstructure, and the construction of deep thoughts and emotions to induce r MoreIn this study, we want to discuss analytical method and relying on structural and semantic aspects of empowering palestinian poet lyrics nasrallah , To understand how the beautymaker axes the superstructure, and the construction of deep thoughts and emotions to induce resistance towards Palestine and reflect the concept is used? And how these axes is distinct language and content of his poetry. The results show that the surface structure to avoid recession fades nasrallah in ordinary language, the art techniques, rhetoric and composition to highlight new vocabulary word is used and has provided beauty of poetry. The readings also showed deep structure is based on his poems Palestine, Palestinian suffering and human tragedy, resistance, defiance and hope for the freedom to form. The construction of meaning is one of the tools that conscious poet richness of poetry, to contemplate forcing the audience and instill a sense it is used.Keywords: aesthetic, structural-semantic axes, resistance poetry, Ibrahim Nasrallah. Manuscript profile -
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46 - Analysis of the narrative technique of "short connection" in the novel "Al Farashe Zarqa" by Rabi Jaber
Fatemeh Abbasi Hafeshjani Leila Ghasemi Hajiabadi tahere chaldarePara-narrative is one of the most obvious styles of post-modern story writing. As its title suggests, it has been used to transition from a normal narrative to an innovative and unconventional one. In this postmodern method, which was proposed by writers from the last d MorePara-narrative is one of the most obvious styles of post-modern story writing. As its title suggests, it has been used to transition from a normal narrative to an innovative and unconventional one. In this postmodern method, which was proposed by writers from the last decades of the 20th century to breathe a new spirit into the novel, various and numerous contemporary components are used, the most important and prominent of which is "short connection", which means creating a triangular and triangular connection between the author. The audience is the author of the story and the author of the character. This article discusses the wide use of postmodern techniques in Rabi Jaber's fictional works and analyzes this technique in the author's novel "Al Farasha Zarqa" to show how contemporary Arab novelists, according to the stylistic requirements and literary currents of the world, use this method technically and Industrialists are employed. The result shows that Rabi Jaber has used this method in the mentioned novel for innovation, dynamism and creation of a new and new narrative, as well as introducing important and modern themes and breaking the old taboos of the classic novel and blurring the border between fantasy and reality. It should be noted that the method used in this research is descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile -
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47 - The Victory Vocabulary in Al – Asf Al – Makoul
Jahad yousef Ibrahim Al Arja Abdollah Yadollahi FarsaniThe present article studies the vocabulary relating to victory in Palestinian contemporary poets poetry in Al – Asf Al – Makoul. The present paper attempts to compare the type and the structure of these vocabularies which contain the concept of victory and t MoreThe present article studies the vocabulary relating to victory in Palestinian contemporary poets poetry in Al – Asf Al – Makoul. The present paper attempts to compare the type and the structure of these vocabularies which contain the concept of victory and triumph in Quran and ancient poetries. In fact these lexicons divide into two parts: first the old words such as victory, triumph and so on and the other are the new ones which the Palestinian poet has apply them in order to depict the war and combat scenes such as missile, explosion, destroy and so on. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Curriculum Vitae and its Evolution in Arabic literature
Seyyed Ebrahim ArmanArabic prose passed during its development through different stages; and Arabic literature in general was a pad of the types of literary that emerged for it in the present era in the field of principles and rules. Some believe that the literary genres and systems pro MoreArabic prose passed during its development through different stages; and Arabic literature in general was a pad of the types of literary that emerged for it in the present era in the field of principles and rules. Some believe that the literary genres and systems prose are taken from the West. While if we look closely, we find models of them in the old Arab literature, though contemporary men of letters were affected by the West in some of its elements. The biographies and memoirs are considered of the old prose types in the world literature in general and in the Arab literature from the special viewpoint because it is as old as the human, and The CV is one of the divisions of biographies and memoirs, the author of what lists the stages of his/her personal life with his/her pen. This article aims to study this prose art over its originality in Arabic literature pointing to the most outstanding models for this literary art and its pioneers since the past centuries until the modern era. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Abdolrazagh Aladsani: A Contemporary Kuwaiti Author, Critic, and Artist
Seyed Ebrahim ArmanThe present paper is an attempt to study a contemporary author, critic and artist from Kuwait in the hope that it may lead to more thorough researches in the analysis of comparative studies of Iran and countries around Persian Gulf-whose cultural as well as economic int MoreThe present paper is an attempt to study a contemporary author, critic and artist from Kuwait in the hope that it may lead to more thorough researches in the analysis of comparative studies of Iran and countries around Persian Gulf-whose cultural as well as economic interactions has a long historical background- eventually culminating in praiseworthy works.This paper is a literary review of some masterpieces, the product of prolonged years of study of an author who is considered among Kuwait’s outstanding contemporary writers and whose works and critical perspectives have been echoed in the modern literature of the Arab world. Manuscript profile -
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50 - Formation and progress of Articulate Poetry in Kuwait
Seyed Ebrahim ArmenThe process of poetry in Kuwait has always been progressive during the past centuries as well as the present century. This progression has raised remarkable questions such as is the good economical situation because of the foundation of petrol in this country and so on. MoreThe process of poetry in Kuwait has always been progressive during the past centuries as well as the present century. This progression has raised remarkable questions such as is the good economical situation because of the foundation of petrol in this country and so on. The last question is about the time of formation of rticulate Poetry in Kuwait. The poets of Kuwait do not care about the publication of their works; that’s why hey had not developed in writing style.The present article attempts to find the appropriate answers for the mentioned questions; it has divided the poets of Kuwait into three generations based on these answers. Manuscript profile -
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51 - A Glance at the Literary Man, Poet and Playwright, Suleiman Al-Hozami and the Play “Bedayat Al-Nahayat”
Seyed Ebrahim Arman Zohre BanbiDrama is an obvious cultural activity. This literary form is a means of solidarity between human beings and opens new horizons for dialogue among races, ethnicities and different colors in spite of different point of views, opinions and beliefs. Drama is MoreDrama is an obvious cultural activity. This literary form is a means of solidarity between human beings and opens new horizons for dialogue among races, ethnicities and different colors in spite of different point of views, opinions and beliefs. Drama is proper for applying national themes and calling for freedom, rising against oppression and resistance. The present article surveys the works of one of the prominent pioneers of this literary form, Suleiman Al-Hozami from Kuwait, some of whose works are translated into English, Spanish and Persian. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - The place of proverb in Arabic literature
Seyed Ismaiel Hosseini AjdadProverb is one of the most beautiful rhetorical arts which makes delivering discourse close to the target and stabilizes meaning for the addressee. It has some features such as word briefness, suitable meaning,nice similie,fast circulation,ability to brin MoreProverb is one of the most beautiful rhetorical arts which makes delivering discourse close to the target and stabilizes meaning for the addressee. It has some features such as word briefness, suitable meaning,nice similie,fast circulation,ability to bring noticeable points closer to the reasonable ones and its acceptance by the public opinion. For this reason,this kind of innovative rhetorical art was spread about in Arabic literature and it became welll-known as Arabic wisdom and intellectual and literal heritage in the era of ignorance and Islam. The purpose of the proverbs is to inform people about good and bad result. Plenty of parable proverbs were spread about in the literature of different eras,particulary in the era of ignorance to demonstrate the vast experience of the deceased in the form of brief words to its addressee. Manuscript profile -
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53 - Relationships among the Contemporary Dialects and the Formal Language and their Effects on it
Mahin Hajizade Farideh ShahrestaniAs the Arabic formal language is the national unifier that unites the sons of the Arabs, so that it is a common language and the one of the Holy Quran, ideological inherited, and the language of science and knowledge, vulgar dialects in different Arab countries, howe MoreAs the Arabic formal language is the national unifier that unites the sons of the Arabs, so that it is a common language and the one of the Holy Quran, ideological inherited, and the language of science and knowledge, vulgar dialects in different Arab countries, however, differ to the extent that, for example, a man from one of the eastern Arab countries isn't able to find out the accent of an Arab from Algeria or Morocco. And the linguistic problem in our era is that the formal written Arabic differs from the one applied in conversation and from vernacular dialects which don't live up to scholars' tongue and which are late models in substance and this problem isn't insoluble in this manner. And The prevalence of culture and facilitating knowledge for the people of Arab in the general form is sponsor to raise the level of language to the extent that Arabic was at that level in diverse eras, Did not recognize periods of history from the era of linguistic duality in language. And perhaps the colloquial dialect, close to the formal language, was writing language and That is for the safety of its structures and the choice of its wording that was accurate in Arabic But it was released from the restraints of expression; so its speakers committed to housing in pictures and this is what they aspired in making the colloquial dialect close to the formal language. And this means that colloquial dialects may alter and be reformed and indelicacy guide you in it but it will soften but it will never be overcome and it must not be overcome because it is the source what we call eloquent of speech. On the other hand, replacing the formal language with the colloquial dialect is a process that aims to break down the one nation indivisible to different linguistic entities which act to impede the achievement of Arab Unity, and to cut links and close ties that formed over time thanks to one single language. Consequently, we must accept the direction that calls to a type of linkup and unification between the formal language and the vernacular one. And this is what we are trying to clarify in this article. Manuscript profile -
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54 - A Study of the Influence of Foreign Literatures on the Diwan School
Hussein Shamsabadi Masoud Marganpour Asghar Moulavi NafchiThe Diwan School is one of the literary schools that emerged in contemporary Arabic literature and had a tremendous role in directing Arabic literature toward innovation, keeping it in touch with modern literary evolution worldwide in the twentieth century. However, the MoreThe Diwan School is one of the literary schools that emerged in contemporary Arabic literature and had a tremendous role in directing Arabic literature toward innovation, keeping it in touch with modern literary evolution worldwide in the twentieth century. However, the innovation that this school spread is by large of non-Arabic roots and is chiefly based on such foreign literatures as English, French and Persian. This article attempts to investigate the influence received by this school from foreign literatures, mainly through English literature. Manuscript profile -
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55 - Modernism and Innovation in the Book Al-Badii by Ibn Muttaz
Sadegh Ebrahimi Kavari Rahime CholanianOne of the most important stages in the development of nations’ literature and language is the stage of systemization. No nation could step into this stage unless its literature and language has matured. Many scholars and literary men with different MoreOne of the most important stages in the development of nations’ literature and language is the stage of systemization. No nation could step into this stage unless its literature and language has matured. Many scholars and literary men with different scientific status have mentioned his fact in their works. One of these scholars is Abdullah Ibn Muttaz. In the introduction to his book named “Kitab Al-Badii”, he states: “no one has collected the new and wonderful figures of speech before me and no writer has taken the lead to write down on this subject”. His work has elements of innovation and modernity. Manuscript profile -
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56 - "Jad" , "Fath" , "khial" in Nasir Khosraw’ s works
Fatima Heydari Zarin Taj ParhizgarNasir khosraw Ghobadiani Balkhi, the Iranian poet and philosopher in 5th century (Hegira) has poetry and prose works and he has employed to teach religious. His poetry is enjoying of divine inspiration and is overfilled of theology and preaching and asceticism. His pros MoreNasir khosraw Ghobadiani Balkhi, the Iranian poet and philosopher in 5th century (Hegira) has poetry and prose works and he has employed to teach religious. His poetry is enjoying of divine inspiration and is overfilled of theology and preaching and asceticism. His prose works has written about philosophy issues and religious points and interpretations of religious commandments and worships. He has utilized from special terms in his poetical works that can realize to their meaning by his prose works. This present article seeks to discuss »Jad«,» Fath« , and »khial« in nasir khosraw’s works. Manuscript profile -
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57 - Linguistic and Mental Stylistic of Ahlam Mosteghanemi: Algerian Literate
Amir Moghaddam Mottaqi Javad Jarangian Zahra Sohrabi KiaStylistic is a critical method which studies the linguistic and mental level of a literary work in order to discover the important elements; that's why it selects the literary texts as its main work and attempts to study them. The present paper surveys Ahlam Mosteghanem MoreStylistic is a critical method which studies the linguistic and mental level of a literary work in order to discover the important elements; that's why it selects the literary texts as its main work and attempts to study them. The present paper surveys Ahlam Mosteghanemi poetries in descriptive – analytical method stylistically in three levels: vocal, combined and mental. Manuscript profile -
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58 - Tamim Al-Barghouti and His Famous Ode “In Al - Quds”
Ezzat Molla Ebrahimi Bayazid TanedResistance literature is full of patriotism and liberalism. The resistance poet defends the aims of his hometown by his poetry weapon and applies his poem at his country’s political and social service. Thus the resistance poetry contains a strong epic and national MoreResistance literature is full of patriotism and liberalism. The resistance poet defends the aims of his hometown by his poetry weapon and applies his poem at his country’s political and social service. Thus the resistance poetry contains a strong epic and national spirit. This kind of literature calls people for defending their grand ideals. Tamim Al-Barghouti is a young Palestinian famous poet who applies his poetry and art at the service of Palestine problem. He has a famous ode calls “In Al - Quds” in which he depicts his countrymen pains well. The authors of the present article study the psychological and spiritual aspects of these poems in descriptive – analytical method. Manuscript profile -
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59 - A Research about some Persian Loan Words in Lesan-ol-Arab
Ramezan Rezaie Parinaz Ali AkbariEach nation has something to proud and glory it, and this is the manner of Arabs who proud about their language and good style, and they maintained on their language because they sent their sons into Al Badaiy desert’ to keep their Arabic language, even with we ha MoreEach nation has something to proud and glory it, and this is the manner of Arabs who proud about their language and good style, and they maintained on their language because they sent their sons into Al Badaiy desert’ to keep their Arabic language, even with we have found in their language some Arabic and Loan words and from here it was our subject for investigating loan words in the book of (Lesan-ol-Arab) by Ibn-Manzoor So we have investigated some Persian loan words in this book from the point of meaning. Then we have tried to refer each word into its language which is come from to show its meaning in this language and this what we have tried to show the trace of foreign languages on Arabic language and the range of its effect in it. Manuscript profile -
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60 - Style and Stylistics in Arabic Pastiches
An am pankehsazArabic pastiches are poems by which their composers imitate the brilliant previous poems meterly, rhymely and contently. and throughout the long history of the Arabic literature, they enjoyed very-various styles with The invention occasionally. So the stylistics, arisin MoreArabic pastiches are poems by which their composers imitate the brilliant previous poems meterly, rhymely and contently. and throughout the long history of the Arabic literature, they enjoyed very-various styles with The invention occasionally. So the stylistics, arising from the Structuralism, can study them by its analytical methods which include the rhetorical, rhythmical, and textualitical aesthetics ( elements ). This essay modestly tries as ar as possible to apply one of these methods on an ode of the thirteenth century and its imitator of the wentieth century. Manuscript profile -
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61 - Aspects of Proverbs in Persian Literature
Yaghoob Poor Najaf Seyed Mojtaba HosseiniA majority of books and writing translated from Persian literature include Persian proverbs among which wisdom and advice are of high importance. These books, as we know, are translated pieces of advice and wisdom from Persian and are known as “books of advice&rdq MoreA majority of books and writing translated from Persian literature include Persian proverbs among which wisdom and advice are of high importance. These books, as we know, are translated pieces of advice and wisdom from Persian and are known as “books of advice”. This paper aims at showing that these books are among the basic principles of Persian literature. Having studied historical and literary facts of the past, and referring to contemporary materials and resources, it is revealed that Persian people have played a significant role in Arab literature and enriched it using their knowledge and findings. Reasons for this claim are the genius and great authors in different fields of science in the Arab world, and that Arabic has so been spread in Persian lands which is widely used in poems as well as science. Persian language and literature, however, has to a great extent been influenced by Arabic. Manuscript profile -
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62 - Mahjar literature and its philosophical view
nasrollah shameli Sohbatollah Hasan vandThe Arab literature undoubtedly was not a suitable position for the perfect philosophy in the past or in the contemporary era; but rays and glimmers of philosophy can be seen in their literature. Except the philosophical Sufism of Hallaj and Ibn Arabi’s schools wh MoreThe Arab literature undoubtedly was not a suitable position for the perfect philosophy in the past or in the contemporary era; but rays and glimmers of philosophy can be seen in their literature. Except the philosophical Sufism of Hallaj and Ibn Arabi’s schools which were followed by Jalal Al Din Rumi and Farid Al Din Attar Neishabouri in Persian and Arabic. The present article has studied the philosophical sources of North Mahjar’s literary men with their view point of philosophy about subjects such as believe in God, human, death, the world and etc. Manuscript profile -
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63 - The Emergence of Short Story and its Features in Egypt
Hossein Shamsabadi Fereshteh Afzali Gholamreza GolchinradShort story is built on a single story that have a single impact and it is a short detail of human life.The length of the short story and the time to read does not take from the listener and the reader but a short time. And that is one of the updated arts that have e MoreShort story is built on a single story that have a single impact and it is a short detail of human life.The length of the short story and the time to read does not take from the listener and the reader but a short time. And that is one of the updated arts that have emerged in the modern era and Arabs did not know this kind of story in past ages and it has no roots in the heritage of storytelling and in fact, the Arabs took it from Western literature after their relationship and their contact with the West.And the Egyptian short story has grown following the events of the First World War and it appeared with the emergence and generation of numerous conflicts in the world and the subsequent 1919 revolution after a break from French translations of short stories and explicit excerpts.And among the pioneers of the story of the early Arab is Jorji Zeydan, the forerunner of the historical story, and Jebran, the forerunner of the stories, and Mikhael Naemah, with whom have been completed the elements of the artistry stories and the pioneer character, Professor Mahmood Teymoor, the prominent short story writer. Manuscript profile -
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64 - Comparison of Abu al-ʿAlaʾ al-Maʿarri's Ideas with Epicure and Schopenhauer's
Narjes Tohidifar Mahdi MomtahenAbu al-ʿAlaʾ al-Maʿarri – a genius in Arabic literature history – who absorbed many critics' ideas, thought and viewpoints during history. He worships wisdom and is always in battle with his instinct; that's why he owns features in his thoughts and character MoreAbu al-ʿAlaʾ al-Maʿarri – a genius in Arabic literature history – who absorbed many critics' ideas, thought and viewpoints during history. He worships wisdom and is always in battle with his instinct; that's why he owns features in his thoughts and character which make him comparable to some other philosophers of other cultures. Epicure is a philosopher of ancient Greece with similarities in thinking and life style with Abu al-ʿAlaʾ al-Maʿarri. Schopenhauer is a German philosopher of 18th and 19th centuries who was one of the pioneers of contemporary west philosophy; he also owns similarities with Maʿarri. Abstaining marriage, dependency to wisdom, to be interested in isolation and tendency to loneliness are some of the similar features. The aim of the present research is to study the abovementioned similarities. Manuscript profile -
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65 - The Combination of Hometown and Woman's Kindness in Palestinian Combat in Abu Salma's Poetry
Shahriyar Hemmati Behnam Baqeri Hadi JahedAbdol Karim Al Karami – called Abu Salma – is one of the famous Palestinian poets and Arabic Contemporary avant – garde. He loves women's beauty and explains the prettiness by his own method. The poet combines kindness between consummation and separati MoreAbdol Karim Al Karami – called Abu Salma – is one of the famous Palestinian poets and Arabic Contemporary avant – garde. He loves women's beauty and explains the prettiness by his own method. The poet combines kindness between consummation and separation, reality and dream in general. The present article follows up the aesthetics aspects in women description and studies his descriptions in this regard. All these descriptions and explanations gather in a romantic framework. He wanders in dreams; although lived in Palestine and was affected by the country's events his poetry is lovely with new aspects and his kindness to the hometown combines with his to the woman. A combination of affection and Palestinian combat can be seen in his poetry. The results of the present paper shows the poet expresses the care to beloved and the hometown simultaneously. Manuscript profile -
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66 - A Study on Persian and Arabic Contemporary Poetry
Seyyed Soleiman Sadat AshkevarTraditionalists of European literature in the sixteenth century AD, were trying to restore that literary heritage due to technical and human theme of the ancient Greek literature since modernists began to confront the traditionalists by the the end of the seventeenth ce MoreTraditionalists of European literature in the sixteenth century AD, were trying to restore that literary heritage due to technical and human theme of the ancient Greek literature since modernists began to confront the traditionalists by the the end of the seventeenth century and invited them to avoid old formats and to define literature and poetry in another way. Since then, Persian and Arabic literature experienced changes that the main parts followed the West and its literary works. Literary and critical populations such as Jamaal Diwan and Apollo in the Arabic East and Ghalam literary forum and Andolos in the west rose against traditionalists and their literary works as, in Iran, many poets like Bahar, Adibolmamalek and others invited to new themes and subsequently Nimā Yushij established a new era in poetry. Poem from the modernists’ point of view is derived from an independent character. Manuscript profile -
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67 - The Opposite Concept of Conditional Sentence, Description, Restriction and Goal from Syntax and Jurisprudence’s Viewpoint
Abdoljabbar Zargoosh NasabThe implication way of lexicon on meaning is the most important lexical – verbal issues which is vital because of paying attention to jurisprudence. The relationship between Arabic language and jurisprudence is the result of religious contexts’ nature. The m MoreThe implication way of lexicon on meaning is the most important lexical – verbal issues which is vital because of paying attention to jurisprudence. The relationship between Arabic language and jurisprudence is the result of religious contexts’ nature. The mentioned relation has been changed to another form followed by Arabic language division to other sciences such as syntax and created new relationship between syntax and jurisprudence. One of the common issues is the implication of sentence on opposite concept; opposite concept is the subjective implication of the sentence. A sentence which has been formed by syntactic devices or specific combination which sometimes implicit the opposite meaning with the verbal meaning that means opposite implication. Concept of opposite referent, limitation, condition, exception, goal or specific combination such as description. Jurisprudence scholars offer a type of deprive in division of term implication which title it opposition; it is of a vital importance in speaking about opposite values against linguistic systems. The present research studies various ideas and viewpoints about implication of a sentence on opposite meaning and the method is descriptive – analytical. Manuscript profile -
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68 - An Analysis and Criticism on Persian Translations of Synecdoche Relating Body Parts in Holy Quran
Majid Chegeni Seyyed Mahmoud Mirzaei Al Hosseini Ali NazariThe present paper studies related imageries with body parts in some Verses and intends to discover part of verbal delicacies of Verses by a critical approach to Persian translations of a group of contemporary translators. In this regard this article determines Verses co MoreThe present paper studies related imageries with body parts in some Verses and intends to discover part of verbal delicacies of Verses by a critical approach to Persian translations of a group of contemporary translators. In this regard this article determines Verses containing synecdoche initially and then analyses existing body – based imageries relying interpretive resources. Afterwards it studies the literal and semantic terms in original and target languages and compares verbal and conceptual meanings of terms and their relations in two languages and surveys Persian contemporary translations. Manuscript profile -
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69 - Mystical Motifs of Quds in Mahmoud Darvish poetry–Implicit and Statistical study
Kobra Roshanfekr Hamed Poor HeshmatiCities are known as the geographical territory exclusive to a scholar where indicates the strong relationship between him and the city in which his honor belongs. Cities in fact turned to be the scenes and stages in which imaginaries, concepts and remarkable mysteries a MoreCities are known as the geographical territory exclusive to a scholar where indicates the strong relationship between him and the city in which his honor belongs. Cities in fact turned to be the scenes and stages in which imaginaries, concepts and remarkable mysteries appear in Palestine poetries. But their motivic application has been manifested in Mahmoud Darvish poetry by his insist. An example is Quds which its motifs contain causes and motivational mysteries such as sainthood, Arabic civilization and ancient history of Quds. Thus the present research intends to study Quds's motifs in Mahmoud Darvish poetry briefly and in analytical – descriptive method. Manuscript profile -
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70 - Literary Criticism: Preference and Comparison
Meysam TaromDue to the existence of different criticism criteria in different eras, the critics have applied different and sometimes opposing methods in literary criticism. The present article studies the popular methods of literary criticism and the evolution of one special method MoreDue to the existence of different criticism criteria in different eras, the critics have applied different and sometimes opposing methods in literary criticism. The present article studies the popular methods of literary criticism and the evolution of one special method which has been called preference in some era and comparison in some other era. Manuscript profile -
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71 - Holy Quran's Reflection and Quranic Characters in Palestinian Contemporary Poetry
Ashour Ghelich Paseh Masoud Bavan Poori Narges Lorestani Hadiseh MotevalliResistance poetry's method and frame is cultural and national which makes the poet enjoy the religious and the related issues in this kind of literature. One method to study the religious contexts is the intertextual study. Undoubtedly any Muslim literate who own a stro MoreResistance poetry's method and frame is cultural and national which makes the poet enjoy the religious and the related issues in this kind of literature. One method to study the religious contexts is the intertextual study. Undoubtedly any Muslim literate who own a strong religious relations, has been affected by religious books and has apply them. Intertextuality can be seen in these poets' works in different types. The present paper tries to study contemporary Palestinian poets' divans and express the way they have applied Holy Quran and their affects. Manuscript profile -
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72 - Aesthetics of Calling Ancestral Characters in Ali Foudeh's Odes
Fatemeh Jamshidi Hossein KianiThe present article intends to study and analyze the ancestral characters in Ali Foudeh's – Palestinian contemporary poet – odes. Thus it considers the experience relationship of these characters with Ali Foudeh's spiritual, social and political experiences. MoreThe present article intends to study and analyze the ancestral characters in Ali Foudeh's – Palestinian contemporary poet – odes. Thus it considers the experience relationship of these characters with Ali Foudeh's spiritual, social and political experiences. According to the results of the research, Ali Foudeh has been affected by some ancestral characters or religious characters such as Moses and Bilal ibn Rabah, mythical characters such as Cleopatra and Sinbad and literary characters such as Saalik and Urwah and tried to call for them in his odes to not only express his effective political and social experiences but also adds to the effectiveness of his odes. The results have come in analytical method out of some literal, political, psychological and social sources. Manuscript profile -
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73 - A study on scientific and literary life of Hodbat-ibn-khashram
ramezan rezaeiHodbat-ibn-khashram was from Ozreh tribe. Information about him and his poetry can be rarely found in sources. The only findings are about his arguments with his cousin Ziyadat. Ibn Khashram was the one who had started this struggle which caused him to ki MoreHodbat-ibn-khashram was from Ozreh tribe. Information about him and his poetry can be rarely found in sources. The only findings are about his arguments with his cousin Ziyadat. Ibn Khashram was the one who had started this struggle which caused him to kill Ziyadat. For this reason, their tribes fought each other as well and finally he was hanged. In their struggle, at first, Ziyadat cursed at Hodbat,s sister and he cursed at his sister too and at last, Ziyadat was killd by Hodbat and he was imprisoned. Hodbat was an eloquent poet and narrator as well. His poetic style is primitive and there is a little feebleness and contortion in his poetry. Manuscript profile -
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74 - Aesthetics of color structure in Arabic poem from the point of purport variety
Leyla Ghasemi Haji Abadi Mahdi MomtahenThis article is an attempt to investigate the aesthetics of color themes in Arabic poetry. As a means of psychological description, color is one of the manifestations of realism in poetic images. In the application of colors some mythical and civilized structures are po MoreThis article is an attempt to investigate the aesthetics of color themes in Arabic poetry. As a means of psychological description, color is one of the manifestations of realism in poetic images. In the application of colors some mythical and civilized structures are portrayed in the culture of nations. Since languages have their own specific organizations of colors, the author aims to measure the degree the poets are influenced by different colors and what they symbolize at the arabic poetry. This article also aims to focus on the significance of the role of colors as one of the main aspects of aesthetics. Evidently, colors are of paramount importance in conveying the sense of beauty and consequently may influence the meaning of beauty in the formation of poetic images. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the reasons behind technical, religious, spiritual, social, symbolic and mythical aspects of the use of colors. Manuscript profile -
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75 - Mutual impact of The Holy Qur'an And The Glorios
Mehran Kordi MirThis research studies different aspects of the Islamic literature of Iran by studying the impact of the Holy Qur'an and prophet's glorious Hadith on the Persian literature and variations of these impacts on the Persian poetry and prose and delineates the deep effects of MoreThis research studies different aspects of the Islamic literature of Iran by studying the impact of the Holy Qur'an and prophet's glorious Hadith on the Persian literature and variations of these impacts on the Persian poetry and prose and delineates the deep effects of Islam on the belief of the Iranians, especially Iranian poets; through; evidence from Persian poetry and prose of Arab readers. Manuscript profile -
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76 - Nationalism in Muhammad Alfituri’s Poetry
Leila Ghasemi Hajiabadi Parviz Lakzaeeyan FakoorMohammed Moftahh Rajab Al-Fituri is a major African poet with such an unprecedented sphere of knowledge and artifice who has praised revolutions and immortalized the free spirit of heroism in Africa and the Arab world. Alfiturihas composed odes on many causes covering L MoreMohammed Moftahh Rajab Al-Fituri is a major African poet with such an unprecedented sphere of knowledge and artifice who has praised revolutions and immortalized the free spirit of heroism in Africa and the Arab world. Alfiturihas composed odes on many causes covering Lebanon, Palestine, and Iraq wherein he calls upon nations to struggle for their freedom and to fight submission and slavery. Alfituriis a visionary who foresees the blessed occasion when amental restorationin the east would drive nations out of oblivion and misguidedness. Then nations would cry out loud the anthem of freedom and independence from all the pangs and anguish caused by a colonialism which has deprived them from their basic right in being alive and free. Self-sacrifice and martyrdom are the only path to freedom and glory. Alfituridenounces the failing submissive status quo inflicting the Arab world. Alfituri’s denial and rejection is not aimed at mere devastation, but he complains and yet demands a constructive approach to uproot the causes of underdevelopment and regression. All this springs from a compassionate concern for security, prosperity, and civilization. Alfituriemploys symbolism and irony in his nationalistic compositions to which he adds an aura of pain and pessimism in order to treat certain critical political causes. Manuscript profile -
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77 - Borrowing of Syrian Accent from the Persian Vocabulary
Maryam JalaeiBorrowing in different accents – similar to languages – is done because of the trade between that accent and other languages and accents and shows the dynamism of the accent. On the other hand it proves the relationship between different cultures in spite of MoreBorrowing in different accents – similar to languages – is done because of the trade between that accent and other languages and accents and shows the dynamism of the accent. On the other hand it proves the relationship between different cultures in spite of their historical or geographical distance. By a deep research in Syrian accent the borrowing from Persian, Turkish, French, Italian and English can be seen. The present paper studies the borrowing phenomena in the Syrian accent from Persian language – about 250 words and phrases who 13% of Arab People use them in their conversations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - The Comparison of Social Consensus in the Contemporary Arab and Persian Poetry
maryam saed vaghefi elaheh razaghi parviz Lakzaeian FakoorAbstract The high literature serve the community; and referring to the oldest ages of literature in human communities, we see that it’s an expression of a range of social and political systems prevailing in those ages, whether we followed Greek and Roman etiquett MoreAbstract The high literature serve the community; and referring to the oldest ages of literature in human communities, we see that it’s an expression of a range of social and political systems prevailing in those ages, whether we followed Greek and Roman etiquette in those eras or the pre - Islamic era or the eras of enlightenment in Europe. However, the researchers argue that the relation between literature and society became close since the modern era; and that is because of the conditions in which the community lives; as the spread of the press and the demise of illiteracy and scientific movements in human societies. From this viewpoint, this article reviews the study of social opinions between the two contemporary Arab and Persian literatures concentrating on three themes:" Status of women "and "women's freedom "and" poverty"; and a comparison among the views of the two great contemporary poets, i.e. Shawqi and Bahar, has been accomplished indicating the common and different aspects in their views and mentioning their expressing method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Characters Types in "Under the Midmorning Sun" by Ibrahim Nasrallah
Seyyed Mahdi Masbouq Ali Hossein Gholami Yalghon AghajThe Character factor plays an important role in novel's structure; it is the center of thoughts and views that all the story theme relies on it. The novel character attains his thoughts and approaches of a fact in which he lives in. Ibrahim Nasrallah applied different c MoreThe Character factor plays an important role in novel's structure; it is the center of thoughts and views that all the story theme relies on it. The novel character attains his thoughts and approaches of a fact in which he lives in. Ibrahim Nasrallah applied different characters in his novel - Under the Midmorning Sun – in order to express Palestine issue and then attempts to convey Palestinians states such as happiness, sadness, love, war and so on. The characters of the abovementioned novel are exclusive to mysterious and the author point out resistance and crusade for the hometown. The present paper surveys the characters, their physical and mental aspects in Under the Midmorning Sun in descriptive – analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Satirical literature, its types and evolution during past ages
Shamsi VaghefzadehIrony in literature is an art that reflects the underlying pain and heals the hidden anguish that it wants to use to heal its grief and remove its anguish through its opposite. Hence, the pain felt by the writer or the poet and his inability to remove the MoreIrony in literature is an art that reflects the underlying pain and heals the hidden anguish that it wants to use to heal its grief and remove its anguish through its opposite. Hence, the pain felt by the writer or the poet and his inability to remove the causes of this pain is the motivation behind this Irony that the poet creates. However, the motivation to resort to this method varies from era to era. Since, the aim of irony in an era is individual and in another one, collective. The goal of a writer from the writing of this text is political and the other social, or the writer has other reasons. Hence, we can say that the Irony is a sort of satire, or promiscuity, or sarcasm, or humor, or anecdote, or esprit, or playfulness, or ... but with some difference. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Expressing Social and Ethical Concepts of Satire from Ahmad Behjat Viewpoint
Mohammad Tayefeh Khani Sondos Kord AbadiAhmad Behjat – Egyptian Writer – is one of the satire pioneers in Arabic proses. He as a writer, journalist and editor – in chief of "Radio & TV" journal is familiar with people's pains and suffers as well as world's messy conditions. His satire wo MoreAhmad Behjat – Egyptian Writer – is one of the satire pioneers in Arabic proses. He as a writer, journalist and editor – in chief of "Radio & TV" journal is familiar with people's pains and suffers as well as world's messy conditions. His satire works – as a social and ethical critic – are critics of nations' existing conditions and their weaknesses. The aim of the present article is to express and propose social and ethical manifestations in Ahmad Behjat's satire works; initially a brief description about satire is written and then studies his social and literal life followed by social ethical concepts derived from his works in order to introduce his and show his sensitivity to Arabic and Egyptian world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Revolutionary tendency and technical Reflections in Abd al Rahim Mahmoud Poetries
Yahya Marouf Hamed Pour HeshmatiThe aim of the revolution poetry specifically resistance has been always been serving the hometown benefits and it's movement to strengthen the human nature is known as the basis of aesthetic inside human beings in order to empower it's own. The concept of Palestinian l MoreThe aim of the revolution poetry specifically resistance has been always been serving the hometown benefits and it's movement to strengthen the human nature is known as the basis of aesthetic inside human beings in order to empower it's own. The concept of Palestinian literature has been developed by starting poetry and could create new generation of resistance poets such as Abd al Rahim Mahmoud; the one who not only understood the Palestine events from the very beginning but also was deeply effective on his nation by his poems weapon. The present paper - which has been done in descriptive analytical method - aims to manifest his revolutionary tendency by images and concept he applied to awaken jihad spirit in his nation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - The Image of the Woman in Nizar Qabbani and Hossein Monzavi's Poetries
Zeineh Arfat Pour Ali MozaffariVarious poets and authors have studies the subject of woman in different eras. Woman's role is prominent in literature; hence she has played as a beloved in poets' poetries since long time ago as well as her different roles in Arabic and Persian literatures. Qabbani is MoreVarious poets and authors have studies the subject of woman in different eras. Woman's role is prominent in literature; hence she has played as a beloved in poets' poetries since long time ago as well as her different roles in Arabic and Persian literatures. Qabbani is famous for his poetries on "women" and is pioneer in this field in Arabic contemporary poetry. Monzavi – Iranian contemporary poet – who may be known as the poet of women as well because he also knows woman as the main subject in his poetries. It could be claimed that common issues in Qabbani and Monzavi are remarkable from form and concept view point. Thus this article intends to compare the image of the woman in these two poets' poetries in descriptive – analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - A part of Mustafa Lutfi el-Manfaluti Literary life
Fattaneh MansouriMustafa Lutfi el-Manfaluti is one of the literary men whose writing method was effective on literary change of the previous generation. He was born in Egypt. He was interested in reading literary books; that’s why he had completed the science by Mohammad Abdoh. He MoreMustafa Lutfi el-Manfaluti is one of the literary men whose writing method was effective on literary change of the previous generation. He was born in Egypt. He was interested in reading literary books; that’s why he had completed the science by Mohammad Abdoh. He had translated many stories and articles and had applied some French stories in his writings. His books are the most eloquent Arabic ones in the contemporary era. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Palestine in Javaheri's Poetry
Tahereh HeidariPalestine in one of the most important factors in literature and art's beauty. No poetries in Arabic poetry field could be found without a trace of Palestine as a holy place. Mohammad Mahdi Javaheri – an Iraqi poet – has been worked on this place from the ve MorePalestine in one of the most important factors in literature and art's beauty. No poetries in Arabic poetry field could be found without a trace of Palestine as a holy place. Mohammad Mahdi Javaheri – an Iraqi poet – has been worked on this place from the very beginning of his activity in the field of poetry. The present research studies and surveys Palestine and the quality of studying this place in Javaheri's poetries. He is one of the most important poems who paid special attention to Palestine and showed Zionists' tricks. This paper is done in descriptive – analytical method to analyze Jvaheri's poetries samples. It is remarkable to state that Javaheri has applied both religious and national aspects to motivate defending Palestine; he ignores Zionists and could create emotions in his works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Maruf Rassafi, Social Analyzer of Poverty and Deprivation
Esmaiel NaderiMaroof Al-Rosafee, a best-known poet, was born in1875 in Baghdad.He did his best to reflect his social issues in his anthology. That is why he speaks about social issues specially poverty and poorness in collection of elegiacs. Due to such a fact, he was known as "poets MoreMaroof Al-Rosafee, a best-known poet, was born in1875 in Baghdad.He did his best to reflect his social issues in his anthology. That is why he speaks about social issues specially poverty and poorness in collection of elegiacs. Due to such a fact, he was known as "poets of the poor". The main reasons for such a title were facts like "psychological factors, poet's environment and his sensitivity". Al-rasafee was not a poet who witnessed poverty and social issues in his society. As a matter affect, he was not indifferent to what happened around him. He was highly keen on finding some solution to the reasons for such social issues as ignorance, old customs acting as a barrier to improve and develop a society, neglecting and colonization. In his works, he also made effort o depict deterring ways of poverty including how to get knowledge, kindness of the rich to the poor, cooperation and being economical in life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - A Study of the Artistic and Social Aspects of the homeland in Bahreini Contemporary Poetry
Samad MomeniThose who took home after social were divided into two categories: First are the ones who took the women and the home from the perspective of internal passionate, we see their interest in the home naive and emotional, and the second are those who have mad MoreThose who took home after social were divided into two categories: First are the ones who took the women and the home from the perspective of internal passionate, we see their interest in the home naive and emotional, and the second are those who have made its intellectual aspect the basis of their experiment, so, we see their interest in the home and its humanitarian issues deeper and more and they put their main interest in women and the nature, and especially made it in the service of the homeland and human; And most of their Poets got active in the field of social, religious, political, and ethical reform and worked in education, we name among them Abdollah Zayed, the owner of first newspaper in Bahrain, and Abdorrahman Moaawedah, and Ghasem Ashsharghawi, and Sayyed Razdi Almoosawi, and Molla Atdyyah Aljamry, and Mobarak Khatder, ans Alshshaykh Mansoor Ashshahabi and many other ones, and it should be noted that we count the features of their poetry experiences, including: Declamatory Style, Facts Follow-up, Quick occasions and their educational and ethical aim. This article aims to a study of the artistic and social aspects of the homeland in the poetry of the poets whom we have named above. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Horse and Horse Rider in Mutanabbi’s Divan
Maryam Saed VaghefiMutannabi the well-known Arab poet has dedicated many lines of his poetry to describing animals directly or indirectly. Among the animals to whichMutanabbi has paid attention the horse has a very special status. Most of the lines in which he has in some w MoreMutannabi the well-known Arab poet has dedicated many lines of his poetry to describing animals directly or indirectly. Among the animals to whichMutanabbi has paid attention the horse has a very special status. Most of the lines in which he has in some way described horses or horse riders are the lines about fights and battles in which the poet depicts the victories and bravery of the courageous fighters. He has rarely illustrated horses’ other uses such as hunting, pleasure or transportation. The present article tries to review and evaluate the descriptions of the terms horse and horse rider provided frequently by Mutanabbi in his works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Comparative literature:ItS schools and Research Grounds
Hadi Nazari Monazam Reyhane Mansooricomparative literature,when it is looked at by French school ,investigates,studies and compares historical roots of the folk(national) literature with other kinds of such literature.comparative literature research works have always been under each others influence since Morecomparative literature,when it is looked at by French school ,investigates,studies and compares historical roots of the folk(national) literature with other kinds of such literature.comparative literature research works have always been under each others influence since the beginning of literary activity up to second part of the twentieth century,that is when American literary school was ushered.this school (American school) does not consider historical conditions to be an effective factor influencing comparative research works,nevertheless it paysgreat attention to human knowledge and human sciences and considers then important factors in comparing literary works. The Present paper triees to study the schools of comparative literature and its matter and methods in the world . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - A Study of the Sexual Crises of Women in Naguib Mahfuz's Works
Hussein Shamsabadi Gholamreza golcheenrad fereshteh afzaliLiterature plays various roles, the major function being expressing reality through the forms of the novel and the short story. Naguib Mahfuz, one of the outstanding Arab novelists, has special talents in this respect. He expresses social problems critically. The sexual MoreLiterature plays various roles, the major function being expressing reality through the forms of the novel and the short story. Naguib Mahfuz, one of the outstanding Arab novelists, has special talents in this respect. He expresses social problems critically. The sexual crisis is one of the plights which is both discussed and challenged in his novels and short stories. He investigated sexual crises, especially among women, socially, philosophically, and psychologically, and considered that problem as political symbolism and not as his main theme. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Contemporary Arabic Language; Formation to Education
Fatemeh Sharifzadeh Yazdi Mohammad JannatifarLanguage is in fact the pronounced facts and points which most scholars and researchers agree them. They always are applied to express the meanings and is waster than speech and discourse; because the discourse implies the pronounced mysteries which are made of vocal pi MoreLanguage is in fact the pronounced facts and points which most scholars and researchers agree them. They always are applied to express the meanings and is waster than speech and discourse; because the discourse implies the pronounced mysteries which are made of vocal pieces and parts or one vocal part minimum; the words sit in one single syllable. Chinese language and its different accents involve in it as well as some Semitic words which relate to Shem - son of Noah – and Arabic, Semitic and Hebraic. But Persian does not include Semitic words at all, it is one of the Aryan languages which is arrogated to Aria and imputes to Iranians. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Vocal Application Role in Atlal Prologue (Comparison of Imra’ ul-Qais & Zuhayr bin Abī Sūlmā)
Jalal Marami Mohsen Khosh QamatThe present paper studies the introduction of Atlal in two Imra’ ul-Qais and Zuhayr bin Abī Sūlmā works of art. Selection of these two poets has some reasons; one of them is that each opposes the other; while Imra’ ul-Qais is a bon vivant man but Zuhayr is a MoreThe present paper studies the introduction of Atlal in two Imra’ ul-Qais and Zuhayr bin Abī Sūlmā works of art. Selection of these two poets has some reasons; one of them is that each opposes the other; while Imra’ ul-Qais is a bon vivant man but Zuhayr is a God – fearing one. They both experience different conditions of life. The importance of this issue is their interactions with women which is their main motivation in Atlal creation. Finally we realize that both poets apply the adjectives which have harmony with Atlal and are suitable for that. Their spiritual, religious and characteristic features were effective on the lexicon they have applied. Manuscript profile -
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93 - A Reflection of the Facilitative Backgrounds behind the Decision-making of the Commanders in Operation ValFajr 8 (A Qualitative Research about the Decision-making of the Commanders in Lashkar-e Sarallah)
Mohammadreza Mahmood Molaei Sanjar Salajeghe Alireza Manzari tavakoliThe objective of the present study is to identify the facilitative backgrounds behind the decision-making of the commanders of Lashkar-e (army) 41 Sarallah in operation Valfajr 8. To this aim, 10 commanders in the above-mentioned army were interviewed and then data anal MoreThe objective of the present study is to identify the facilitative backgrounds behind the decision-making of the commanders of Lashkar-e (army) 41 Sarallah in operation Valfajr 8. To this aim, 10 commanders in the above-mentioned army were interviewed and then data analysis was conducted by the qualitative methodology of grounded theory. After data coding, 6 main categories and 1 core category were extracted that include military and strategic thought of the commanders, military exercise and operation, identification operation, the circle of combat information, dialectic consultation, the average of decision-making, and indigenous decision-making as the event of victory. The results showed that the commanders’ decision-making was under the influence of some facilitative backgrounds such as former experience from operations Kheybar and Badr, accurate information, analysis of the ideas, and using the military experience of commanders to achieve decisive victory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Foreign Policy of Russia vis-à-vis the Islamic Republic of Iran (with an Emphasis on Iran Nuclear Program)
مجتبی محمدی نودهکی محمدرضا اصغری مهدی جاودانی مقدمIran and Russia has gone ups and downs of relations for centuries. The most important relations have been built during Tsarist, ex-communist and neo-Russian governments after 1991. Prior to disintegration of ex-Soviet, Russian policy before Iran had been negative and al MoreIran and Russia has gone ups and downs of relations for centuries. The most important relations have been built during Tsarist, ex-communist and neo-Russian governments after 1991. Prior to disintegration of ex-Soviet, Russian policy before Iran had been negative and always with politico-military interventions, but after disintegration of Soviet Union and during Putin’s presidency, it has maintained a divergently cooperative policy. In these years, Russian policy enjoyed focal points in different areas. Russia’s paradoxical policy has revealed itself particularly about Iran nuclear program. Although Russia was the only country that continued nuclear cooperation with Iran after the western nations resigned to keep on cooperating with Iran, it has, since Iran nuclear crisis began, tried to maintain its relations with Iran and the west and make benefits from such hubbub. Paradoxical policies of Russia affected by internal-external variables led us to trying to explore the reasons behind the paradoxical behavior of Russia to keep a more understandable concept of such policies because miscalculations trigger unfavorable outcomes when further predictable optimism and reliance towards Russia and its real capacities of foreign policy are given consideration. Manuscript profile -
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95 - An Analysis of Political-Social Reasons for the Failure of Mohammad Morsiʼs Governance and Sisiʼs Coup d'état in Egypt
amir hosein moradpourdehnavi alireza naeijThe present research aims to investigate the factors influencing Akhavan-Al Muslimʼs failure in Egypt with an emphasis on political-social aspects in the failure of Islamic awakening. Having used the descriptive-analytical research method, the results show that the reas MoreThe present research aims to investigate the factors influencing Akhavan-Al Muslimʼs failure in Egypt with an emphasis on political-social aspects in the failure of Islamic awakening. Having used the descriptive-analytical research method, the results show that the reasons for falling Morsiʼs governance include political-historical aspects like colonialism legacy in Egypt, structure of autocratic governance, military, and soldiery in Egypt; political-cultural aspects like tribal and religious discrepancies in community and political culture in Egypt, political-social aspects like weakness in political cooperation, personalization of political power, and hegemony-based authorities of the governance. Manuscript profile -
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96 - Velayat-e Faqih In political thought Ayatollah Abdul Fattah Hosseini Maraghey
rashid rekabianThe jurisprudence of the jurisprudence is one of the theological and jurisprudential issues in Shiite political thought that has been the focus of the absence since the absence of the jurisprudents, but disagreement over its jurisdiction and jurisdiction. Accordingly, m MoreThe jurisprudence of the jurisprudence is one of the theological and jurisprudential issues in Shiite political thought that has been the focus of the absence since the absence of the jurisprudents, but disagreement over its jurisdiction and jurisdiction. Accordingly, many jurists have examined the reasons for the jurisprudence of the jurisprudence. One of the jurists who has elaborated and inferred the discussion of the jurisprudence of the jurisprudents is Ayatollah Abdul Fattah Hosseini Maraghey in his book Al-Anawin. From Maragheh's point of view, there are a number of provinces, according to which governments can be said to be legitimate if one of these provinces is governed, namely, the province of Allah, the province of the Prophet and the infallible Imams, and the province of the jurist. Maragheh cites the proofs of jurisprudence for the following reasons: student consensus, movable consensus, narrative consensus. Accordingly, divide the narrations into 8 categories and some of them cite one narrative and some others as saying that the jurists are the guardians of the infallible (as), and a government outside of the infallible (or) infallible province, the government. Its kind and province is illegitimate. Manuscript profile -
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97 - Analysis of Symbolic Characters in Oppositions Based on Sociological Criticism in Hafez's Poetry
Seyyed Mahmoud Seyed SadeghiDisagreeing means inconsistency and expression of words and sentences that are signs of dissatisfaction. If the opposition is rooted in socio-political anomalies, then the "opposition" is someone who takes on the role of fighting injustice and social corruption, especia MoreDisagreeing means inconsistency and expression of words and sentences that are signs of dissatisfaction. If the opposition is rooted in socio-political anomalies, then the "opposition" is someone who takes on the role of fighting injustice and social corruption, especially among powerful groups in society, and using the opportunities that exist in the hand of power. Due to his criticism of social condition, Hafez is deemed amongst the poets of disagreement who utilizes symbolic words to take side with ethico-social norms. In his social, anti-readings he challenges the religious hypocrites who are corrupted. The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze symbolic characters as one of the characteristics of intellectual style in opposition to social readings of Hafez's poetry, which has been done using a descriptive-analytical method. The result of this research shows that Hafez has been able to show one of his critical tricks in opposing the existing government by employing various personalities. Manuscript profile -
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98 - A Study About Some of Important Sources of Reformist Thoughts at Qajar Era
Shahin pahnadayan -
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99 - Contra-reading and De-canonization as Tagi-Danesh’s Manifest Style
Rajab TohidiyanTaqi Danesh, one of the early Qajar and late Pahlavi‘s traditional and anonymous poets, tremendously influenced by poetry of Khorasani, Azerbaijani, Iraqi, and especially Hindu style. Regarding Taghi Danesh‘s lyrics and poems and taking famous Hindu poets in MoreTaqi Danesh, one of the early Qajar and late Pahlavi‘s traditional and anonymous poets, tremendously influenced by poetry of Khorasani, Azerbaijani, Iraqi, and especially Hindu style. Regarding Taghi Danesh‘s lyrics and poems and taking famous Hindu poets into consideration, two contradictory views (co-reading and contra-reading) could be grasped. In other words, once he followed traditional, repetitive, cliché and one-dimensional literary styles (poetic style of Khorasani, Azerbaijani and Iraqi) in poetic elements and phenomenon, famous fictitious, historical, mythic and Qurani characters. And another time breaking the norms and contra-readings represents dramatically contradictory views to the same subjects and issues. The object of contra-reading in Tagi-Danesh poetics is to achieve “alien concept” and avoid long literary traditions of one-dimensional, cliché and repetitive, characters, famous mythic, Qurani, historical meanings and concepts in custom and literary norms. His recent vision looks from different angel to these issues, judges them contrary to custom and leaves from canon the religious Qurani characters and elements. The present study attempts to extract contra-readings and De-canonization from Taghi-Danesh poetics and presents the findings alphabetically. The results show that Tagi-danesh following Indian poets has remarkably applied contra-readings and sharecropper. Manuscript profile -
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100 - The analysis and Review position of the kings towards the opponents from the point of view of Rumi's Masnavi
Esmaeil Hoseynpoor hasan bassakKings in Masnavi are divided into "good kings" and "bad kings", which Soleyman and Pharaoh are the symbol of these two groups. The evil kings who have taken the rights of the people and the people due to the arbitrariness and the position of their friendship have not gi MoreKings in Masnavi are divided into "good kings" and "bad kings", which Soleyman and Pharaoh are the symbol of these two groups. The evil kings who have taken the rights of the people and the people due to the arbitrariness and the position of their friendship have not given any rights to the rights of the people and the opposition. In this study, the reaction of the evil kings to the opposition has been investigated. After defining the king and the opponents and referring to the right of the opponents, and to raise the idea of Rumi about the kings and their characteristics, their position toward the opposition is divided into two groups: Positive and Negative that Negative reactions include denial of advice, anger, deceit, hypocrisy, murder, imprisonment, torture and threats of the opposition And in the positive reaction of forgiveness and forgiveness, counseling, silence, and Caution in punishing criminals have been investigated and The negative reaction to the opposition has more signs and symbols. Manuscript profile -
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101 - Literary and artistic applications of letter Alif in the area of Persian literature (by relying on poets' poetry Jami and poets' poetry with Iraqi Style(
gholam reza heydari'A' or 'Alif' the first letter of Persian alphabet, is a prominent vowel in Farsi language. It is the first letter of Abjad numeral system which represents number one in this system. Alif signifies the Taurus astrological sign. In mystical, philosophical, and rhetorical More'A' or 'Alif' the first letter of Persian alphabet, is a prominent vowel in Farsi language. It is the first letter of Abjad numeral system which represents number one in this system. Alif signifies the Taurus astrological sign. In mystical, philosophical, and rhetorical literature, Alif represents unique God, Holy Spirit, God's mercy; Adam's the father, abstract sphere, solitude, and the single mystery and etc.Due to its special form and position and some other unique features, letter Alif is one of the most used letters in order to create the original themes and poetic areas, mot and elegant expressions and compounds in Persian literature, poetry with Iraqi Style. Alif is a leading in most of poetry by these poets meanings like consistent and firm colossal stature, handsomeness, oblong, tense and stretched. It also signifies greatness, proud and honor, slimness, uprightness, stability, resistance, persistence, staunchness, loyalty, faithfulness and standing on one's promise. Alif has fallen in love with its stature. Since Alif has accent-like sign overhead, it is rebellious. Despite having tongue, it is dumb and silent. It is regarded as one of the poorest in terms of wealth among letters. It symbolizes poverty, abjection, destitution, vacancy, pauperism, beggary, inexistence, absence, loss, and self-denial. It also suggests nakedness, nudity, embarrassment, self-evidence, preparedness, distress and confusion and adornment. It carries meanings like solitude, individualism, loneliness, uniqueness, detachment, freedom, honesty, frankness, and innocence. Alif is motionless and stagnant. Its creation begins with points and dots. All letters and numbers then are founded upon this letter. Alif is the first letter of creation. It also indicates minuteness, brevity and tininess. Alif is the most common simile in Persian literature and the poetry's and prose's images or contents used in Persian literature are described. It was compared to needles, thorn, moon crescent, sticks, pens and plumes, fingers, arrows, bolts, cedars, gallows and scaffolds, newly grown whiskers or beard, half or full moon, and etc. In this article, we try to study the literary, artistic, and video applications of letter Alif in poets' poetry with Iraqi Style. Manuscript profile -
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102 - Various Types and Bynames of Paradise as Mentioned in Quran and Persian Poetry up to 8th Century (AH)
maryam mohammadzadehIn Persian literature and annotated editions of Quran – like Atib Al-Bayan Fi Tafsir Al-Quran, Translation of Tabari Annotations, Kashf Al-Asrar – eight different paradises are talked about, while in two narrations by Ibn-e Abbas seven paradises have been me MoreIn Persian literature and annotated editions of Quran – like Atib Al-Bayan Fi Tafsir Al-Quran, Translation of Tabari Annotations, Kashf Al-Asrar – eight different paradises are talked about, while in two narrations by Ibn-e Abbas seven paradises have been mentioned, and Imam Baqer in Kafi has reduced this number to four. This is not, however, the matter of numbers, the names for them are various too. The present research, which is based on library resources and references, has investigated various types and names of Paradise as mentioned in Quran and in Persian poetry up to 8th century (AH). The results revealed that despite common beliefs, there are only four Paradises in Quran: Garden of Eden, Garden of Bliss, Garden of Abode, and Garden of Firdaus, which are titled as Dar Al-Salam, Dar Al-Qarar, Elliyin and Khuld respectively. However, it is a misbelief in common sense and Persian literature that they are altogether eight paradises. Manuscript profile -
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103 - مطالعه آسیب شناسی ارتباط با جنس مخالف در جامعه با توجه به تأ ثیرگذاری شبکه اجتماعی تلگرام ( مورد مطالعه جوانان بالای 15 سال منطقه 6 تهران)
عصمت سوادی -
Open Access Article
104 - Relationship between personality and close and open spaces, and formation of novel space: A case study of 'Hāmil al-warda al-orjowānyya'
Hojjat Rasouli Zahra DahhanThe novel, forms as a structure of narrative elements that makes it coherent. The place is one of these elements. It is enumerated by some people as the corner-stone of novel. Other critics consider it as a secondary element, serves other elements such as time and perso MoreThe novel, forms as a structure of narrative elements that makes it coherent. The place is one of these elements. It is enumerated by some people as the corner-stone of novel. Other critics consider it as a secondary element, serves other elements such as time and personality. This research studies the place and its effect on personality in 'Hāmil al-warda al-orjowānyya' by Lebanese writer 'antwan al-dowaihi'. One of the purposes of this research is to explain how 'novels space' forms from transposition and movement of characters in place, and from irony (contrast and tension) between them. The main reason to choose this novel as the case is that it includes compact place signs such as prison. This research is planned to expound the concept of 'novels space' and how it forms. The method of this research is structuralism genetic. Of the most important results of this research is that novel revealed irony (contrast and tension) of place, so that it has effected the personality, as if there is mutual influence between them which causes the formation of the main space manifestation of the novel in suppression and freedom. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - الأدب المقارن والنقد الأدبی: العلاقة أو المنازعة؟ (دراسة وتحلیل)
Toraj Zeinivand Jahangir Amiriإنّ لکلّ مدرسة من مدارس الأدب المقارن ذات اتجاهات أدبیة؛ موقفها الخاصّ تجاه النقد الأدبی. فبینما تکرّس المدرسة الفرنسیة للأدب المقارن على دراسة العلاقات التاریخیة للآثار الأدبیة فی ضوء رصد التأثیر المتبادل بینهما من دون اهتمام بقضایا النقد والجمالیات الأدبیة عبر دراساته Moreإنّ لکلّ مدرسة من مدارس الأدب المقارن ذات اتجاهات أدبیة؛ موقفها الخاصّ تجاه النقد الأدبی. فبینما تکرّس المدرسة الفرنسیة للأدب المقارن على دراسة العلاقات التاریخیة للآثار الأدبیة فی ضوء رصد التأثیر المتبادل بینهما من دون اهتمام بقضایا النقد والجمالیات الأدبیة عبر دراساتها. فی الحقیقة؛ زبدة قولهم هی أنّ الباحثین فی الأدب المقارن لیسوا نقاداً والنقاد لیسوا من المقارنین. أمّا المدرسة الأمریکیة فی الأدب المقارن، التی بدأت مع المحاضرة التی ألقاها "رینیه ویلیک"، فإنّها تعدّ کنقطة انطلاقة لاحتکاک الأدب المقارن بالنقد الأدبی والتوفیق بین مناهج الأدب المقارن والنقد الأدبی ثم الدمج بین مناهج الأدب المقارن والنقد الأدبی بحیث یکمل بعضهما البعض. وفی السیاق ذاته إنّ من أبرز خصائص المدرسة الأمریکیة للأدب المقارن، أنّها تعیر أهمیة قصوى للجمالیات الفنیة المنضویة تحت النصوص الأدبیة وخلاصة قولهم هی؛ أنّ الأدب المقارن والنقد الأدبی أمران متداخلان لدرجة یمکننا اعتبارهما وجهین لعملة واحدة. وأما هذا البحث فإنّه یحاول واعتمادا على المنهج الوصفی التحلیلی، دراسة کیفیة تفاعل المدارس الأدبیة للأدب المقارن مع مسارات النقد. ومن أهمّ النتائج التی تفیدها هذه المقالة هو أن بین المدارس الأدبیة للأدب المقارن ولاسیما المدارس الأمریکیة والألمانیة والسلافیة منها وبین النقد الأدبی علاقة عضویة أو بنیویة. وبناء على ذلک نستطیع القول إنّ دراسة النماذج الأدبیة الراقیة وبمعزل عن النظر فی الأبعاد الجمالیة والاتجاهات الأدبیة الکامنة فیها تعدّ عملیة مبتورة غیر مکتملة. آخذاً بنظر الاعتبار إنّ المدرسة الأمریکیة للنقد تتطرق أثناء دراستها إلى بحث جمالیات النص الأدبی کمهمّة أساسیة من مهامها الأدبیة. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - The Manifestations of Dystopia and its features in ‛Alī Kan‛ān’s poetry
Ayad Neissi Naser Zare Rasoul BalaviDystopia, corrupt city, or bitter reality literature is a result of prevailing social and political variables and events. The poet in dystopia depends on the community or the city, and the main factor for the emergence of dystopian elements in the poetic structure. Dyst MoreDystopia, corrupt city, or bitter reality literature is a result of prevailing social and political variables and events. The poet in dystopia depends on the community or the city, and the main factor for the emergence of dystopian elements in the poetic structure. Dystopia manifested itself in the poetic works of ‛Alī Kan‛ān in a remarkable way, and we also reveal the mental and spiritual dimensions of dystopia from various angles, by applying them to examples of ‛Alī Kan‛ān poetic texts, in order to reveal the connotations of this literary phenomenon. This article relies on his study of all kinds of dystopian literature in its poetic lines and then mentions its characteristics and influence in his poetic output, so that we look at the characteristics of this environment in which he lived, and that we arrive accurately at the writer's vision about the corrupt city. Based on this, the research seeks to identify the role of human, social, political, and economic events, which play an important role in obtaining the new meanings of ‛Alī Kan‛ān’s poetic texts and the diversity of their meanings in terms of dystopian literature, with an approach characterized by a descriptive, analytical and the library research method. In this research we concluded that the poet strived in his literary works to give us an honest picture of the corrupt city and its negative impact on society Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - The stone children image the first intifada Palestine in the poetry of Nizar Qobbani the case of study (triple stone children)
Moosa Arabi zahra SohrabikiaAfter the bitter failure of the Arabs against Zionist regime, Nizar Kabbani wrote against the Zionist regime and censured the Arab diplomats and he joined to Intifada. He composed protesting songs for the children who have stones in their hands. and named them the pione MoreAfter the bitter failure of the Arabs against Zionist regime, Nizar Kabbani wrote against the Zionist regime and censured the Arab diplomats and he joined to Intifada. He composed protesting songs for the children who have stones in their hands. and named them the pioneers of the intifada. This research according to descriptive method tries to analyze The countenance of children of the stones of the first intifada of Palestine in Nizar Kabbani’s poems exactly in The Trilogy of the Children of the Stones. It considers how these children perform their role and show their countenance in resistance. The most important conclusion is that, their countenance unmask the heavy defeat of Arab men against the Zionist and negligence of Arab society in Palestine history. They are shown like characters who do jihad, protest, fight and die for holey purposes in contradicting men who are traitors, pensioners and just do something for business. Children who illuminate the Arabic language, identity and name. They urge others by hope and light. They destroy the absurd Arabic songs and give new and fresh identity and meaning to them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Structural Analysis of the Ode “Malhamat Al-somood” Written by Samir Al-omri
Abbas Yadollahi FarsaniStructuralism is one of the critical and linguistic methods which deal with analyzing literary texts in different levels including phonetics, tone, and semantic aspect of odes and poetic figures to achieve meaning and to seek their structural signs. In fact, structurali MoreStructuralism is one of the critical and linguistic methods which deal with analyzing literary texts in different levels including phonetics, tone, and semantic aspect of odes and poetic figures to achieve meaning and to seek their structural signs. In fact, structuralism is the poet’s method to build linguistic material. The present study deals with analysis of structural features in the ode “Malhamat Alsomood” in the poem of Samir Al-omri who is a resistance poet of Palestine. The study is firstly conducted through a structuralism method followed by applying an analitico-descriptive method with the aim to capture some samples of structural aspects from the mentioned ode as well as revealing the poet’s aim from their usage. While using these structural aspects, a poet attempts to increase the aesthetic features and effects of his ode Finally, the paper has reached to the conclusion that the poet has intended to express his suppressed emotions and feelings related to the subject matter of Palestine to picture the subject of Palestine as a general humanistic subject. Among the most important structural manifestations analyzed herein, we can refer to vocal and rhythm levels, combination and semantic levels and poetic forms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - An Investigation of duration in the Time Speed of Narrative Based on Gerard Genette's narratology (A Comparative Study of Gholam-Hossein Sāedī's Azādārān-e Bayal (Mourners of Bayal) and Mouloud Feraoun's Ibn al-Faqīr)
Salah al-din Abdi Abozar GolzarKhojasteh Mitra KhodadianThe time is the main element in changing an incident to a story. So, one of the important problems in structuralist theories is the situation of time in narration. This problem has a long history among thinkers and theorists. Time is a significant component in two stori MoreThe time is the main element in changing an incident to a story. So, one of the important problems in structuralist theories is the situation of time in narration. This problem has a long history among thinkers and theorists. Time is a significant component in two stories of Azādārān-e Bayal (Mourners of Bayal) and Ibn al-Faqīr (the poor man's son), and its importance becomes more clear by exploring and examining this element in these two stories. The most complete theory about the element of time in the story is Gerard Genette's theory. For Genette, the formation of time depends on three temporal components: order; duration; and frequency. In the present study only the second component, i.e., the duration, in the two stories of Azādārān-e Bayal and Ibn al-Faqīr is examined. The results of the study show that Azādārān-e Bayal has steady speed of time in narration of the story, whereas the narration of the story in Ibn al-Faqīr is slow with a negative acceleration, and the writer rather used a descriptive delay category. The research method of the article is analytic-descriptive and is based on the American comparative school. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - A Semiotic Study of the Ode Kalimāt li al-Vatan (Words for fatherland) by Tawfiq Ziād on Peirce Theory
Ali Pirani Abdollah Hosseini Hossein Abavisani Habibeh ZareiThe poems of Tawfiq Ziād are blended with signs and symbols that multiplied the charism of resistance poems, and their emotional feeling have influences on the addressees. The signs in Tawfiq’s poems are accompanied by the images of fatherland love that can convey MoreThe poems of Tawfiq Ziād are blended with signs and symbols that multiplied the charism of resistance poems, and their emotional feeling have influences on the addressees. The signs in Tawfiq’s poems are accompanied by the images of fatherland love that can convey the main message of the poem. Applying Peirce's semiotic model in the criticism of resistance poems in addition to analysis and decoding these poems, can be effective in understanding the thoughts of this great poet. So, the present article tries to analyze in an analytic-descriptive method the characteristics of the ode Kalimāt li al-Vatan (Words for fatherland) by Tawfiq Ziād from semiotic approach based on Pierce theory that is on the triad of icon, index and symbol basis. This article intends to make clear that what sort of aesthetic signs are used by Tawfiq Ziād, the contemporary Palestinian poet, and how he used aesthetic signs to influence the addressees, as well as to reveal how we can reach hidden aspects of the poet's thoughts in using signs and codes in the light of semiotic, interpretative and semantic criticisms. This article shows that Pierce semiotic theory is an appropriate pattern for research in modern poems and is more powerful than the traditional rhetorics in terms of interpretation. Furthermore, due to the nature and type of resistance poems that are composed in the atmosphere of tyranny and suffocation, their signs are implicit and mysterious. In this ode the symbolic signs are more than iconic signs and indces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - The study of Structural manifestations of the novel "The Secret History of the Ancient Persian Heroes" by Cyrus Shamisa Based on Gerrard Genette's Theory of Transtextuality
Fereshteh NaseriBy carefully examining various texts, we discover similar points and themes that guide us in recognizing the structural relationships and similarities of that text with other texts. Meanwhile, the use of Gérard Genet's legal Transtextuality relationships by creat MoreBy carefully examining various texts, we discover similar points and themes that guide us in recognizing the structural relationships and similarities of that text with other texts. Meanwhile, the use of Gérard Genet's legal Transtextuality relationships by creating different relationships between different texts and creating systems, encoders, cultural styles and descriptive rules, as well as discovering relationships between different texts, in turn, leads to uncovering common connotations and similarities between them. Hence, the "novel of the secret history of ancient Persian heroes", with its historical, scientific, ideological, social and cultural relations (along with other texts), provides a suitable ground for studying the foundations of "Transtextuality", including descriptive and analytical methods as well as its various characteristics. They are Intertextuality, Hypertextuality, Architextuality, Paratextuality, and metatextuality or textual transcendence. Therefore, this research studied and explained all the real events and allusions of this work and matched them with previous texts, to find out how Dr. Shamisa was able, by providing an appropriate structural space, to make the reader go towards knowing the foundations of sociology. To what extent has it succeeded in creating a intricate network of Transtextuality by creating a similar content and structural space by changing the volume and content of previous texts, and shortening and lengthening their time domain (Hypertextuality) as well as by consciously interfering with literary genres (Architextuality)? . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Text Creation Mechanisms in Laila al-Juhani's Firdaws al-yabāb (The Barren Paradise)
Reza Nazemian Majid Salehbek Majid BayatiIn this article text creation mechanisms and aesthetics of language structure in the novel Firdaws al-yabāb (the barren paradise) are investigated. This novel is full of poetic language is concise and inspiring. The novel is characterized by the use of compact language MoreIn this article text creation mechanisms and aesthetics of language structure in the novel Firdaws al-yabāb (the barren paradise) are investigated. This novel is full of poetic language is concise and inspiring. The novel is characterized by the use of compact language and other texts as if it benefits from other experiences in order to show the inner world and disagree with whatever exists. Laylā Juhanī used other texts to create and develop the text and combined different texts to complete her literary invention. Hence, the critique and discovery of the broad meaning of this novel begins from its beginning. The beginning of a story as its plot is very important to guide to the meaning of the text. Various research methods such as structuralism, semiotics and stylistics have been used in this research, all of which lie under the umbrella term of structuralism. This study does not deal with the theoretical issues related to structuralism that are found in abundance in various sources and references, and has attempted to show these theories in practice in the novel. This article emphasizes the importance of the beginning of the story to discover the hidden meaning in the text and addresses issues such as to make poetic the language and the internal and external relations of the text as mechanisms for text development. The results show that Firdaws al-yabāb has linguistic poetic potentials and numerous textual possibilities. In this article, it is shown that Firdaws al-yabāb is a large metaphor around which small metaphors have been formed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Analyzing Class Differences Motifs in the 1350s Press: A Case Study of Abu al-Qasim Hālat
Zahra Nowruzi Seyyed Babak FarzanehWith the publication of newspapers, a new branch, the press satire, is separated from literary satire. Press satire changes depend on political, social, and cultural developments; it is unstable and sometimes even interrupts. Iran in 1350s has been one of the most troub MoreWith the publication of newspapers, a new branch, the press satire, is separated from literary satire. Press satire changes depend on political, social, and cultural developments; it is unstable and sometimes even interrupts. Iran in 1350s has been one of the most troubled Third World countries in terms of unequal distribution of incomes. This article aims to study the patterns of class differences in Iranian society in the 1350s and to study the press activities of Abu al-Qasim Hālat at that time. This descriptive-analytic study extracts and analyzes the satirical poetry of Abu al-Qāsim Hālat from that period press. The findings of the study show that Abu al-Qāsim Hālat by use of simple words and slangs deals with issues such as the problems of the people and society, social inequality, criticism of the tyranny imposed on the society, promoting relationships on standards, class distances and promoting corruption through which he paved the way of reformation in the society. With his humorous criticism he played a role in transformation of the social and cultural situation of Iranian society in the 1350s. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - The method of conclude-composing in Ferdawsi's lyrical poem of Zāl and Rudābeh
Zeynab Taghi Nezhad Reza Ashraf Zade Batool Fakhr EslamIn this article, the method of conclude-composing in the lyrical poem of Zāl and Rudābeh by Ferdawsi, the famous Iranian poet, has been scrutinized: by asking why the poet chose Visāl (attainment) for the end his love story? and what factors influenced this choice? To a MoreIn this article, the method of conclude-composing in the lyrical poem of Zāl and Rudābeh by Ferdawsi, the famous Iranian poet, has been scrutinized: by asking why the poet chose Visāl (attainment) for the end his love story? and what factors influenced this choice? To achieve this goal, contemplation in several issues such as the author's personal beliefs, dominant beliefs of the society, environment and tradition, the influence of old myths and beliefs on the minds of the previous, present and future people from the time of the poet as well as the reasons for visāl from various social, political, cultural, religious and moral aspects have been studied. From among the findings of this research we can mention the bravery and courage of the lover in reaching the beloved, the beauty of the lover and the beloved, enduring hardships, pure and mutual love, the peace-loving spirit of Iranians, the continuous use of rational and spiritual sources by the characters, exogamy, disappearance of contradictions, and other factors that finally lead to the outcome of these actions and reactions to overcome rivals and remove barriers to visāl. In this study prior to study reasons of visāl, a brief biography of the poet and a summary and background of the story is mentioned. This study is done in library and descriptive-analytic method and by use of authentic articles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Analysis of the semantic sign of the story of the king and the maid of Rumi's spiritual Masnavi
Pegah Rasouli Shahin Ojaq AlizadTitle:Analysis of the semantic sign of the story of the king and the maid of Rumi's spiritual MasnaviPegah Rasooli *PhD student of Islamic Azad University, RoodehenSt.p_rasouli@riau.ac.irShahin Ojaghalizade Assistant Professor Islamic Azad University, RoodehenFatemeh Em MoreTitle:Analysis of the semantic sign of the story of the king and the maid of Rumi's spiritual MasnaviPegah Rasooli *PhD student of Islamic Azad University, RoodehenSt.p_rasouli@riau.ac.irShahin Ojaghalizade Assistant Professor Islamic Azad University, RoodehenFatemeh EmamiAssistant Professor Islamic Azad University, RoodehenAl-Tanfih and Al-Maraghah Al-Linguistics:Date of arrival: Date of acceptance:AbstractOne of the novel methods in the study and analysis of literary texts is the use of the sign-semantics model. In this approach, the process of producing meaning is linked to sensory-perceptual conditions, and signs, along with meaning, become fluid, dynamic, plural, and multidimensional. Considering the interpretability and breadth of meaning that can be seen in the mystical anecdotes of Masnavi. This approach was the basis of research in the story of the king and the maid from the first book of Rumi's Masnavi. The present paper, in a descriptive-analytical manner, seeks to examine the types of discourse systems used in this story. The results of this study indicate that discourse is dynamic and discourse evolution has given special effects to the story. Discourse systems have components of action, tension, enlightenment, with phenomenal, transcendental, ecstatic, ethical and cultural functions, and the action system based on stress with high emotional pressure has the most pivotal role. Also in the analysis of the text, how to produce and defer the meaning based on the functions discussed, is explained.Keywords: Sign - Semantics, Narrative, Spiritual Masnavi, King and Slave, Action, Tension, Susa. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Lukacs's realism in Harun Hashim Rashid's poetry
Sakineh Hosseini Mojtaba Emranipoor Feysal SayhiThe sociology of literature portraits the dual relationship between society and literary work as a social document. This science attracted the attention of George Lukac and his literary criticism was influential in the formation of the basis of literary sociology. His c MoreThe sociology of literature portraits the dual relationship between society and literary work as a social document. This science attracted the attention of George Lukac and his literary criticism was influential in the formation of the basis of literary sociology. His critical theory has three characteristics: true realism, critical realism and popularism. So, this research tries to criticize Harun Hashem's poetry based on Georg Lukács' theory of realism, which is rooted in Marxist dialectics. He seeks to bond his suffering with the reality of life. The results indicated that Rashid describes his mind through the reality and conveys whatever in his environment faithfully and criticizes the contradictions and social challenges of his homeland logically and consciously. In parts of his poems, he exposed and discussed the policies of the colonial governments and their supporters and the Arab rulers for interfering in the affairs of their people affairs and supporting Israel, and he considered them the main cause of these hardships. He showed the effect of these issues on the life of his people, the followers of his poems understand that adheres to issues that serve the people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - A Study and Analysis of the Components of Humanism in the Poetry of Nima Yooshij
Ali MohammadiThe concept of social and human commitment in the modern sense has been introduced into contemporary Persian poetry through constitutional literature and the same concept is considered as one of the ways of distinguishing Nima Yooshij's poetry from classical Persian lit MoreThe concept of social and human commitment in the modern sense has been introduced into contemporary Persian poetry through constitutional literature and the same concept is considered as one of the ways of distinguishing Nima Yooshij's poetry from classical Persian literature. In a sense, Nima is literally a humanist and socialist poet and thinker. Because his poetry is seriously and comprehensively departing from the individuality and enters into social and human realm. There are several fundamental questions regarding this topic that form the basis of this article. 1. Is Nima a humanist and socialist poet? 2. What is the difference between Nima's poetry and classical poetry in content? 3. What are the components of humanism in Nima's poetry? In the present study, which will be done through descriptive-analytical method and content analysis of existing data, we will try to explain the components of humanism and its social role in Nima's poetry. Belief in humanism, rejection of authoritarianism, human agency in social destiny, humanistic view of nature and humanism in social and human symbolism are some of the components of humanism in Nima Yushige's poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - A Study of the Aspects of Realism in Shahla Al-Ajili's novel " Saif ma al-Adu "
Maryam Akbari MousaabadiRealism as a literary school was formed in the nineteenth century, is not a decal of reality, because it shows the reality through the artist's consciousness, so the difference between realism and romanticism is revealed, romanticism expresses the mentality of the artis MoreRealism as a literary school was formed in the nineteenth century, is not a decal of reality, because it shows the reality through the artist's consciousness, so the difference between realism and romanticism is revealed, romanticism expresses the mentality of the artist, while consciousness is different from subjectivism, and according to Lucien Goldman's theory, is the embodiment of a perspective in accordance with the perspective of some people. Elements of realism include objectivism, representation of contemporary life, typology, and the illusion of reality. The novel "Saif ma al-Adu", which has been studied analytically, is a realistic novel; That depicts the contemporary life in al-Raqqa over three generations, depicted in three women, a grandmother, a mother and a daughter. Lamis, the main character, a forty-year-old woman, took refuge in Germany after the war, now narrates the events of the past, therefore, the image she paints is real and the result of lived experience. Although all elements play a role in the realism of the text, characters, themes, and descriptions of places and objects play a greater role. Finally, the author has been able to make the story believable to the reader, creating an object-oriented picture of the lives of community-derived characters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - A Cognitive study of happiness concept in Persian and Arabic languages (comparative study
Somayah Mohammadi Salah-Aldin Abdi Mohammad Amin Sorahi Morteza GhaemiHappiness includes a range of soft and intense emotions and enjoying a subject up to happy feeling in life. Forasmuch as a part of happiness concept is structured by language data in addition to literatures, art, custom, etc., we use cognitive metaphor as an effective t MoreHappiness includes a range of soft and intense emotions and enjoying a subject up to happy feeling in life. Forasmuch as a part of happiness concept is structured by language data in addition to literatures, art, custom, etc., we use cognitive metaphor as an effective tool for analyzing language which is one of mind aspects. Cognitive metaphor is attributed to understanding and expression of an abstractive concept based on a more physical concept. In this research, we study data according to Kovecses cognitive theory and intend to find the way of speakers thinking about happiness, understanding and their similarities and differences in the mentioned languages. Importance of cognitive study of this data is that it systematizes their different and scattered range according to names mapping and also accurate cognitive pattern. Data of this research show that derivative feature of Arabic language provides a wide vocabulary variety for happiness conceptualization in this language as if some metaphors of Persian language compared with Arabic samples have more distance with general metaphors and bears further and complicated special cultural features. Also in connection with the metaphor of "happiness is up", "distance from the earth" in Arabic can be more prominent than in Persian. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Cultural Globalization and linguistic creolization in Iranian and Algerian Novels: The Case Study of the novels 'Eshgh va Chizhāye digar' (Love and Other Things) and 'Mamlakat al- Farāsha' (Butterfly Kingdom)
Zahra Sadeghi Kobra Roshanfekr Faramarz Mirzaei Khalil ParviniThis research in the light of the developmental globalization theory and on the basis of the descriptive, analytic and comparative method, studies the problem of globalization and linguistic creolization in the novels 'Mamlakat al-Farasha' (Butterfly Kingdom) and 'Eshgh MoreThis research in the light of the developmental globalization theory and on the basis of the descriptive, analytic and comparative method, studies the problem of globalization and linguistic creolization in the novels 'Mamlakat al-Farasha' (Butterfly Kingdom) and 'Eshgh va Chizhāye digar' (Love and Other Things), because these are two examples of Iranian and Algerian narrative works that reflect more clearly the phenomenon of linguistic creolization. The results indicate that the phenomenon of linguistic crealization is caused by cultural globalization manifested in the narrative discourse of the novels Eshgh va Chizhāye digar and Mamlakat al- Farasha, in two types of nouns and sentences, but the creolization via nouns is the most prominent type of linguistic creolization which is manifested in these two novels. According to the data of statistical analysis, the component of change and distort the names of the characters with a sum of 33% and a frequency of 465, is the most used component in the novel 'Mamlakat al-Farasha'. Then, comes the component of recall and association of the names of famous foreign celebrities and characters with a sum of 25%, and a frequency of 352 leis in the next rank. But in the novel 'Eshgh va Chizhāye digar', the component of the names of lifestyle with a sum of 49%, and a frequency of 220 is the most used and most frequent component, then the component of changing and distorting the names of the characters lies in the next rank with a sum of 27% and a frequency of 122. This research shows also that the main difference between these two novels from the viewpoint of the linguistic creolization lies in the type of foreign language used, as well as the use of changed and distorted names by the writer, so that Aʽraj emphasized mostly on the of the French language, while Mastur emphasized on the use of the English language but didn't dealt with the names changed and distorted as much as Aʽraj did. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Study Grotesque Examples in the novel Parse dar khāke gharibe (Wandering in a Strange Land) by Ahmad Dehghan
Zahra Motiei Fatemeh HeydariThe grotesque is an artistic and literary concept by which artists and literary men to evoke simultaneously heterogeneous and contradictory feelings in the addressee. The author creates a strange feeling to the verge of laughter, fear and disgust due to the heterogeneou MoreThe grotesque is an artistic and literary concept by which artists and literary men to evoke simultaneously heterogeneous and contradictory feelings in the addressee. The author creates a strange feeling to the verge of laughter, fear and disgust due to the heterogeneous and heterogeneous characteristics such as inconsistency, horror, ridicule, disgust, exaggeration and abnormality. It is the satire of this distressed and unhappy world, though it can create joy, but its bitterness is felt in the addressee after receiving the subject. In this research, the examples of grotesque in the novel Parse dar khāke gharibe (Wandering in a Strange Land) written by Ahmad Dehghan is studied in a descriptive-analytical way. In this realistic novel, a part of the operations of the holy defense era in Iraq is narrated with a critical look, and the author by use of elements of tone and dialogue, and application of similes and metaphors in the atmosphere and situation of the war, which contain tragic scenes and events, created grotesque examples and portrayed bitter events from this perspective. Manuscript profile -
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122 - Investigating the Dichotomies of the Poems of Elias Abu Shabaki and Mohammad al-Fayturi based on Frankl's Logotherapy
Sayed Soleiman Sadat AshkevarFrankl's logotherapy is based on the principle of struggle against mental problems relying on certain principles and tactics through a will to meaning-therapy. Frankle seeks to find a meaning in life, as the first personal driving force, through the analysis of sufferin MoreFrankl's logotherapy is based on the principle of struggle against mental problems relying on certain principles and tactics through a will to meaning-therapy. Frankle seeks to find a meaning in life, as the first personal driving force, through the analysis of suffering concept, in order to help man in finding the meaning of his/her sufferings and turn difficult conditions into peaceful ones. The meaning of life is in constant change, but it never disappears. The role of logotherapist is to expand the person's field of vision, until the meaning and values are placed in the field of vision and self-conscious domain, and the truths boil inside his/her without the interference of others. This meaning is discovered by various ways including doing great and valuable works and experiencing lofty goals or bearing holy suffering. Meaning therapy, because of its reliance to language and speech-therapy, is in close relation to literature and poetry. Comparative study of the works of Elias Abu Shabaki and Mohammad al-Fayturi, two distinguished poets shows that they had relatively contrary attitude toward logotherapy and concepts and Victor Frankle; Abu Shabaki does not believe in the world and living in it and always rejects extremely the world. Factors such as poverty, early death of his father and political and social issues had fundamental role in the formation of this world aversion. Fayturi, on the other hand, sanctifies suffering and follows lofty oals and doing valuable works manifested as resistance poetry and patriotism. The poems of these two poets are the whole picture of their thoughts. The relative role of psychological, sociological, and ecological dimensions in the works of these two poets is also studied. Their poems are represented in contrary viewpoints, self- responsibility and respect of the self. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Expression of Nasrullah's thoughts between narrative styles in the novel "The Second War of the Dog" (Aesthetic Review)
Ahmad Arefi Faramarz Mirzaee Isa MottaghizadehIndeed, the purpose of Ibrahim Nasrallah's thoughts in the novel "The Second Dog War" is to express the facts of the life of the Palestinian nation, which the novelist mentions in each style in a specific way. So how many of these styles have gone beyond their original MoreIndeed, the purpose of Ibrahim Nasrallah's thoughts in the novel "The Second Dog War" is to express the facts of the life of the Palestinian nation, which the novelist mentions in each style in a specific way. So how many of these styles have gone beyond their original meanings to acquire virtual meanings because of the beauty of the text and the stimulation of the audience's emotions, which Ibrahim Nasrallah has often done to a great extent.In this article, an attempt has been made to reveal the novelist's ideas using a descriptive-analytical method based on statistical style until To respond to the appropriateness of these styles and the three levels of language, including storytelling, description and dialogue, and the most important aesthetics of these styles in conveying meaning to the audience. The most important conclusion of the article is that the novelist has used From most syntactic styles 3406 times , so that the style of negation 1759 times: 52%, then the style of question 812times: 24%, Then the bet style 328: 10%, etc, referring to the view of pessimism prevailing over the oppressed Palestinian regimes, Because in the novel there are corrupt opportunistic characters who do negative things, especially The hero of the novel Rashed Opportunist who does everything just for the sake of his own nature, which is so full of evils that trade with human beings is a Repetitive events are far from moral and human values. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - The space of coffeehouse in Persian and Arabic novels: Ahmad Mahmood and Abd al-Rahman Munif
Yadollah Malayeri Mojtaba OmranipourThis study examines coffeehouse as a fictional space in the novels of Ahmad Mahmood, and Abd al-Rahman Munif. If space, on the one hand, is equal to the world, situation of entities, things and deeds, and on the other hand, a scale to measure knowledge and ontological, MoreThis study examines coffeehouse as a fictional space in the novels of Ahmad Mahmood, and Abd al-Rahman Munif. If space, on the one hand, is equal to the world, situation of entities, things and deeds, and on the other hand, a scale to measure knowledge and ontological, sociological and cultural relations, the coffeehouse in the examined novels in this study is extract of this equality and scale. This focus on coffeehouse for the comparative study with the aim of opening a window for the dialogue between Iran and Arab world as well as to establish improvement of coexistence and multilateralism and justifies choose of the two writers, for their attention to the coffeehouse and values this study seeks. specially in Mahmood's novels hamsāyehā (neigbours), dāstāne yek shahr (the tale of one city) and zamine sukhte (burned earth), and Abd al-rahmān Munif's penta-volume modon al-milḥ (cities of salt), and triple novel of arḍ al-sawwād. This comparative study benefitted from achievements of two American and Russian literary schools that focus on similarities and inconsistencies of literary works and relationship between literature and other spheres of knowledge. This study has three section: 'coffeehouse: location and textual function'; 'coffeehouse and tradition' and 'coffeehouse and history'. At the end, reaches to the result that this space has considerable artistic and cognitive role in the examined novels and is one of the most important constituents of the story that helps writers via knowing its location and its relation to the history and tradition in the text, to convey aesthetic and epistemological messages to the reader. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - The study of the Differences between Language and Gender in Ibrahim and Fadwa Tuqan's Poetry in the Light of DSL Theory
Reyhaneh Mollazadeh Farzaneh Rahimian Koshki Reyhaneh YazdiThe impact of gender on language and thought of the authors is one of the serious strategies in linguistic studies that appeared in the late twentieth century by Robin Lycoff, American scholar, known as DSL theory. According to this theory, speech and writing features o MoreThe impact of gender on language and thought of the authors is one of the serious strategies in linguistic studies that appeared in the late twentieth century by Robin Lycoff, American scholar, known as DSL theory. According to this theory, speech and writing features of two genders can be distinguished and examined. In this article poetic styles of Fadwa tuqan and her brother, Ibrahim, is studied according to the theoretical frameworks, in order to show that despite of the genetic, familial, social and cultural affinities, even in the study of a single topic, there are differences between male and female languages. Based on this theory, we chose fragments of the poems from these two contemporary Palestinian poet on shahid (martyred) topic, and we examined them from linguistic and intellectual dimensions. In addition, in this research by a descriptive-analytic approach we reached to this conclusion that Fadwa tuqan poems compared to his brother has linguistic elements of the feministic writing style, such as repetition, concentration and to a great extent, interrogation. Though martyred topic does not entail use of different colors, their poems typically enjoy limited use of colors. Therefore, we can conclude that the poetess used these formations in the case of her brother's weakness, As the reflection of ambiguous speech and hypothetical expressions in the poems of Fadawi is more than that of Ibrahim, we notice that in the intellectual dimension, the poet compared to her brother, paid more attention to details, precision and showing emotions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Content and Statistical Analysis of Articles in the Quarterly Rays of Criticism in Arabic and Persian from the First Volume to 23
Mahin Hajizadeh Masoud Bavan Pouri Maryam DaryanavardAs articles and other scientific products are growing at an accelerating process in Iran and the world, there is an urgent need for standards to evaluate and compare scientific publications. This will be achieved through scientific assessment, Science that benefits from MoreAs articles and other scientific products are growing at an accelerating process in Iran and the world, there is an urgent need for standards to evaluate and compare scientific publications. This will be achieved through scientific assessment, Science that benefits from information analysis. The academic Quarterly of Rays of Criticism in Arabic and Persian is considered as one of the most important journals in the field of Arabic language and literature in Iran which has been published in 27 volumes. This Quarterly has published 179 articles from 345 writers with distinguished university degrees and 44 universities and educational institutions. The subject of 45 articles, which means 25/13percent ison Persian literature and this contradicts the purpose of the Quarterly, which relied on Persian literature to identify it to Arab countries.This study focused on a statistical and analytical study of the number of authors of articles and their degrees and the extent of cooperation between them and the centers and institutions which cooperate in the quarterly. In this study, descriptive statistics method has been used. It means, Average,frequency and percentage are calculated, then the results are presented in charts and graphs.The research instrument is a statistical survey using SPSS version 16. The following results are obtained:50 articles were written individually, 129 articles were written jointly, Which 91 of these joint articles were written by the authors from the same university and 38 articles written by the authors from different universities.HadiNazari has the most articles with 7 papers. Half of the articles are devoted to criticism and analysis of texts. 34 articles were written by the editorial board with an average of 18/9, which is acceptable. Manuscript profile -
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127 - The Effect of Persian Culture on Islamic Culture of First Abbasid Period with a Review of Jahez's Works
Mohammad Ali Azarshab Azartash Azarnoush Ali AswadiTime of Abbasid I is considered as a cultural and scientific era which is due to the coexistence of different Muslim tribes and their cultural exchanges. In fact, this cultural participation in the Islamic world of the day on the one hand and Muslims endeavor along with MoreTime of Abbasid I is considered as a cultural and scientific era which is due to the coexistence of different Muslim tribes and their cultural exchanges. In fact, this cultural participation in the Islamic world of the day on the one hand and Muslims endeavor along with other tribes in enriching the Islamic culture all led the society's new needs into the appearance of a common civilization and culture. Of the cultural components in the new Islamic culture was the Iranian culture which served an important role in advancing the scientific and cultural aspects of the time. Jahez's writings are filled with components that originated from Iranian culture; his books are truly a reflection of the events of the time. This paper explores and analyzes these elements to prove the influence of Iranian culture and civilization on the Islamic cultural context. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Short Story in Arabic and Persian Literature: Case Study of Literary Works by Abd-al-Samee'a Bensaber and Javad Saeedipour
Abd- al-Ali Alebooyeh Langeroodi Zoheir Jansiz Vesam Roomieh Short story is one of the newborn literary genres that has drawn special attention of literary men and researchers to itself in recent years because of its general effect on literature and its special influence on reader of a literary work. This articl More Short story is one of the newborn literary genres that has drawn special attention of literary men and researchers to itself in recent years because of its general effect on literature and its special influence on reader of a literary work. This article investigates short story comparatively in Arabic and Persian literature. The aim of this paper is to discover latent aspects of short story in Persian and Arabic literature. The authors are going to compare short story in the two languages through studying factors related to birth of short story and also the opinion of critics in this literary field. Findings of this research show that critics of both languages agree to some extent about definition of short story and its narrative elements. This important conclusion has been obtained through analyzing samples of short stories in Arabic and Persian literature. And these critics have considered various names for this literary genre. The only difference existing in short story is its length. According to analytical- descriptive approach and library sources, the present study is to recognize narrative elements in elected samples and to define quality of its application in order to show how narrative spirit has been actualized in it. Manuscript profile -
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129 - Analysis of Social and Political Function of Comic and Satiric Poetry in Mamluki Period
Jahangir Amiri Marzieh Mohammadi Farooqh Ne'matiComic poem is not dedicated only to Mamluki era because there is almost no ere which is free of this style. However, comic poetry found inexperienced popularity during the Mamluki era and it became one of its clear features. This kind of poetry came out of its tight fra MoreComic poem is not dedicated only to Mamluki era because there is almost no ere which is free of this style. However, comic poetry found inexperienced popularity during the Mamluki era and it became one of its clear features. This kind of poetry came out of its tight framework in the Mamluki era and entered real life stage and communicated with people's true life. Therefore, this poetry obtained popular color and tone and reflected painful lives of people. Among most important themes in comic poetry of the Mamluki era, these can be mentioned: rulers' tyranny, judges' corruption, moral decadence of society, people's poverty and need, stinginess of the rich and the like that dominated the society in Mamluki era. The present study aims to investigate comic poetry in the Mamluki era and analyzes social themes and motifs to clarify the role and position of comic poetry in reflecting events of the society. This paper is based on descriptive- analytical method. Manuscript profile -
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130 - A Critique and New Look into the Emergence of Modern Poetry in Iraq
Toraj ZeinivandEmergence of any literary movement, whether poetry or prose, needs a suitable environment. Appearance of epic among the Greek and the Iranian implies this fact that birth of each literary phenomenon is impossible in vaccum atmosphere, but they need special circumstances MoreEmergence of any literary movement, whether poetry or prose, needs a suitable environment. Appearance of epic among the Greek and the Iranian implies this fact that birth of each literary phenomenon is impossible in vaccum atmosphere, but they need special circumstances and means for their development and evolution. Movement of free verse developing in Arabic lands was in fact reaction to artistic, social, political and cultural needs of these countries. Birth of this movement was in Iraq but not in other Arabic states because this country had higher ability and readiness for it in addition to a rich literary heritage due to dominance of autocracy and colonialism than other Arabic countries. However it seems that the main and distinct reason for birth of free peotry in Iraq has been its pioneers' ability to be influenced by movements which dominated European and western literature, though it may be possible that literary men of this country have known about Persian free verse and its evolutions which has been more due to Iraqi modern peotry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Ibne Farez "Soltan-Al-Asheghin and Characteristics of His Verse
Mohammad Ali Abol HassaniAbou Hafs Omar Ebn Ali known as Ebn Farez is one of the Poets that lived during 6th century. He got a great reputation in the field of poetry. Many great critics such as Ebn khalkan who is the author of Vafiyatolayan also praised him, and they accepted MoreAbou Hafs Omar Ebn Ali known as Ebn Farez is one of the Poets that lived during 6th century. He got a great reputation in the field of poetry. Many great critics such as Ebn khalkan who is the author of Vafiyatolayan also praised him, and they accepted him higher than his contemporary poets. In this article, we discuss some features of Soltan Alasheghin Ebn Farez. The main subject in poem of Ebn Farez is Ghazal. Other related main point (or subject) is khamriyeh, but his point of view in khamriyeh is different from Abunavas and others, and in this book he refers to the subject matter of the sufiyeh that is explained through Buteny's comment. Also his poem is excellent due to diversity of pun and rhetoric. Manuscript profile -
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132 - Child Lamentation in Poetry of Egyptian Poet Ibn-e- Nabata and Khaqani Sherwani
Abd-al- Qader Pariz Hamed KamaliMaskooniEgyptian poet Ibn-e- Nabata is one of the poets of Mamlooki era who witnessed the death of his beloved ones including his own wife and children and composed elegiesdescribing this event and its influence on him. Ibn-e-Nabata’selegy for children's death is true des MoreEgyptian poet Ibn-e- Nabata is one of the poets of Mamlooki era who witnessed the death of his beloved ones including his own wife and children and composed elegiesdescribing this event and its influence on him. Ibn-e-Nabata’selegy for children's death is true description of separation andpain for the loss of his children. So his elegy is sung with such a painful heart that is near to explode from great sadnessas if he is about to die. On the other hand Persian poet KhaqaniSherwani has told Elegy for death of hisdarlings and relatives. KhaqaniSherwani lost his son, Amir Rashid Al-Din and his death made him to compose elegy in his elegiesmost famous of whichbeing Taranom Al-Masaeb(The Songs of Sufferings). This study aims to compare the lamentation and its characteristicsinKhaqani and Ibn-e- Nabata’s poems based on American comparative literature school. In this regard, the below questions are discussed and responded: What is the view of two poets in their elegiacodes? Who is superior in this area? What are the similarand different aspects of their mournful poems? General result of this article shows that Khaqani surpasses his Arabic counterpart lamentation singing for his son since human feelings are depicted more fully in his composition than Ibn-e- Nabata's. In addition, he is innovative in this genre of poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Abdolhosein Zarinkoob and His Critical Point of Views
Tayebe BaratiContemporary literary circle has grown so vast that there is no way to cover it all at one instance. Discussions about all literary methods in fields such as poetry, essay, journalism, drama, and fiction are of critical issues. Introducing literary scholars in the field MoreContemporary literary circle has grown so vast that there is no way to cover it all at one instance. Discussions about all literary methods in fields such as poetry, essay, journalism, drama, and fiction are of critical issues. Introducing literary scholars in the field of literature and offering their point of view and uncovering their notions may provide valuable insight toward these methods, identifying right and wrong. Of these scholars who has a significant role in literature and criticism, and has valuable point of views about literary works in different age of Persian literature the name Abdolhosein Zarinkoob is no doubt the first to recall. His profound knowledge of English, Arabic, and French languages emancipated Persian literary criticism from restrictions and limitations which led subjective criticism into an objective one, and paved the way for contemporary literary criticism. Some of his perspectives are presented in this paper Manuscript profile -
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134 - The Critical Views of Shafiee Kadkani the Contemporary Iranian Author
Kamal Baghjari Shafiee Kadkani the Iranian poet and writer discusses the Persian poetry’s periods in the last century. He divides these periods in to seven sections and begins with the poetry’s perspective before the Mashrooteh (parliamentary) revolution and More Shafiee Kadkani the Iranian poet and writer discusses the Persian poetry’s periods in the last century. He divides these periods in to seven sections and begins with the poetry’s perspective before the Mashrooteh (parliamentary) revolution and then after reviewing the 1953 coup, finishes the discussion with the Islamic revolution. In his instructive method he uses a combination of the literary history and criticism along with offering some samples from various epoch's poetry and at the final stage the author provides a chart of the Persian poetry in the recent 100 years. He speaks of the poetry leaders at each era plus the political, economical, social and other relevant backgrounds as well as their impacts on the currents and trends which have affected the present Persian poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - The Representation of Irony in the Holy Prophet's Speech
Hojjat Rasouli Ali Akbar Norasideh Indirect references add to the depth and magnitude of a work and will highlight its beauty and freshness. Ironic style contains beauty of speech and is beneficial, benefits that cannot be achieved through direct speech. This research is an attempt to explor More Indirect references add to the depth and magnitude of a work and will highlight its beauty and freshness. Ironic style contains beauty of speech and is beneficial, benefits that cannot be achieved through direct speech. This research is an attempt to explore the representation of irony in prophet's speech hoping that we might depict a part of his rhetorical power. Meanwhile, we try to answer the following questions: what is the significance of irony in prophet's view? How did he employ it? Why did he use it? To do so we have selected some of his speeches with ironic implications and referred to some source books such as Almojazat Alnabaviyate by Sharif Razi and tried to render further explanations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Register and its Function in EstablishingVisual Imagery (Case Study: Qur’an visualizing Words)
Mahmud Shakib Ansari Qolamreza Karimifar Mohammad KabiriThe literary art of visualization rooted in Islamic and Arabic Studies of ancient times has been proposed as a literary theory in the contemporary literary criticism. Examining the scientific principles and its mechanisms, this theory can be introduced as an Islamic-lit MoreThe literary art of visualization rooted in Islamic and Arabic Studies of ancient times has been proposed as a literary theory in the contemporary literary criticism. Examining the scientific principles and its mechanisms, this theory can be introduced as an Islamic-literary theory across the world. This study attempts to examine the register and the function of this theory in Qur’an visualizing words and take a step forward in proving and strengthening this theory. The results show the fundamental role of register in the selection of visualizing words in Qur’an and also its linguistic role in highlighting the pictorial aspect of the words. Manuscript profile -
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137 - Position of Holy Quran in IqbalLahoori's Persian Poems
Abdollah RasoulnejadIqbalLahoori is one of those Muslim and undertaking thinkers and poets who has not restricted himself to one language and territory, but his thoughts and ideas have moved over all ethnical and religious boundaries. Adhered tightly to his poetic message and inspired by c MoreIqbalLahoori is one of those Muslim and undertaking thinkers and poets who has not restricted himself to one language and territory, but his thoughts and ideas have moved over all ethnical and religious boundaries. Adhered tightly to his poetic message and inspired by clean revelation sources and having unbreakable bond with pure religious thoughts, he has left an everlasting literary work whose everlasting secret is not in their glamour of words and musical rhythmbut for being derived from his deepfaith in the meaning depth of words and their roles. Iqbal has founded a targeted poetical-philosophical school which considers poetry as an heir of prophecy whose mission is to reform human society.Presenting human grieves and lofty faithconcepts, Iqbal considers amendment of human being and guiding him to his true position in Allah's view as the main mission of poetry. Iqbal inspired by religious concepts and by decorating his poetry with sublime themes and notable Koranic figures, has acquired the celebrated position of the poet of Islam and Quran. In this research, using the descriptive-analytic method, while pointing to Iqbal's some intellectual-philosophical aspects of character and referring to eternality secret of histhoughts, it has been tried to study position of holy Quran in his Persian poems. Results show that Iqbal has dedicated himself to holy Quran willingly by his heart and intellect in order to be inspired by it in his works especially Persian poems. This research also demonstrates that Iqbal has not referred to Quran just for literary purposes such as using Koranic words and phrases in his poetry, but he tended to it as aninviting believer to derive his thoughts and values, far from Sufi interpretations, directly from it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - The Artistic Features of the Poetry of Ibin Nobatah
Hamed Sedghi Rahmatollah Haydari ManeshThe Egyptian poet, Ibin Nobatah is one of the most renowned poets of Mamluki era who, we may say, has complained about different issues in his poetry much more than his contemporary poets. In these complaining poems he has considered issues like life and death, separati MoreThe Egyptian poet, Ibin Nobatah is one of the most renowned poets of Mamluki era who, we may say, has complained about different issues in his poetry much more than his contemporary poets. In these complaining poems he has considered issues like life and death, separation and poverty, old age and common maladies in the world surrounding him. But the present article emphasizes the poet’s attention for the artistic features which have paved the way for him to express his complaints and express a better articulation for his private pains. The important features can be pointed as the poet’s use of words, compositions and styles and a combination of rhythmic diction compatible with his complaint and the depressing atmosphere surrounding him. Manuscript profile -
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139 - Repetition in Contemporary Poetry of Palestine: A Case Study of The Divan Alasf-ol- Maakul
Abbas Yadollahi Farsani Mahmood Shakib AnsariThis study investigates repetition and its various manifestations in the poetical collection of Al-Asaf Al-Makoul. The Palestinian poet has used this technique for stating pains and sufferings of the Palestinian due to occupation of their nation by the Zioniston the one MoreThis study investigates repetition and its various manifestations in the poetical collection of Al-Asaf Al-Makoul. The Palestinian poet has used this technique for stating pains and sufferings of the Palestinian due to occupation of their nation by the Zioniston the one hand and for adding a kind of rhythm and music to his poetry on the other hand. The present paper is an attempt to introduce various manifestations of repetition based on descriptive- analytical method such as repetition ofvoice,word, verb, pronoun, symbols and expressions and also it points to function of various aspects of repetition in sentence structure and their strengths in creation of new poetic structures. Pondering in this poetry collection, the reader finds out that topic of repetition has created strong connections between the poet and calamities of his land; accordingly, this expressive method displays a type of spiritual space so that it shows the spiritual pains and internal unsaid things that aim to strengthen desire of the reader. Finally, the study came to this conclusion that the Palestinian poet has applied the repetition technique as an effective tool for stating his own inner thoughts to influence the reader and he depicts crimes of Zionist Regime. Manuscript profile -
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140 - Style and its Application in Artistic Imagination (Investigation of Imam Ali's Letters :a Case Study)
Khalil Parvini Eesa Motaghi zadeh Mohammad Kabiri The art of imagination as a literary element, containing critical components such as image, emotion, language, reality and etc., is highly emphasized in studying and criticizing a literary script. Imam Ali has remarkably used this literary element to convey More The art of imagination as a literary element, containing critical components such as image, emotion, language, reality and etc., is highly emphasized in studying and criticizing a literary script. Imam Ali has remarkably used this literary element to convey religious, ethical and social concepts. Since this literary element is closely related to style and different types of that, thus we tried to study the art of imagination in Imam Ali's letters based on various kinds of styles. This study, which uses descriptive-analytical method, concluds that "style" plays the pivotal role in the expression of literary imaginations in Imam Ali's letters and in determining the position and success of their application. Manuscript profile -
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141 - Symbolism in Poetry of Palestinian Resistance (A Case Study of the Al-Asf Al-Ma’koul Whole Works)
Abbas YadollahiThis paper deals with analyzing symbolism and its various manifestations in contemporary poetry of Palestine. There is no doubt that resistance literature aims at revealing the oppressive face of enemy and unveiling its evil and animosity against oppressed nations. Ther MoreThis paper deals with analyzing symbolism and its various manifestations in contemporary poetry of Palestine. There is no doubt that resistance literature aims at revealing the oppressive face of enemy and unveiling its evil and animosity against oppressed nations. Therefore, this literature makes efforts to use all expressive tools and capabilities to describe the enemy’s conspiracies and frauds against different nations. The Palestinian poet has used the technique of symbolism as an effective tool for stating intellectual viewpoints and his suppressed emotions as well as depicting the atrocities and crimes of the Zionist Regime to the Palestine’s oppressed nation. This is why he has taken symbolism resources from history, religion, nature and literature. This study has reached to this conclusion that symbolism in this poetry collection has significant purposes among which we can refer to the influence on the audiences, persuading their emotions, and creating common understanding on the poetic topics. Manuscript profile -
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142 - The Analysis and Study of the Life of Abu-al-Faraj Isfahani, and His book Alghani
Hassan Dadkhah Mohammad Hassan ZadehAbu-al-Faraj Isfahani is deemed among the most outstanding thinkers of the third century, who has been also an authority in disciplines such as geneology.In this essay we have regarded his scholarly as well as literary biography and we have studied the ambiguities MoreAbu-al-Faraj Isfahani is deemed among the most outstanding thinkers of the third century, who has been also an authority in disciplines such as geneology.In this essay we have regarded his scholarly as well as literary biography and we have studied the ambiguities in his personality. Then we have deconstructed his book Alghani and have criticized some aspects of it. Apart from what the opponents and proponents have claimed concerning Isfahani's character, many scholars have confessed his literary and scientific rank, and Alghani is regarded as a literary and historical encyclopedia since inside the book ,one can find the biography of many of the Jaheli, Islamic ,and Abbasi era poets all of which can be viewed as a reliable source to the researchers. Manuscript profile -
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143 - Yusef Hossein Bakkar and his Role in the Interaction between Persian and Arabic Languages
Esmail NaderiThe most important concept in comparative literature is the existence of a literary ,cultural ,and historical relationship between cultures. In the present era, many researchers have focused on the investigation of these relations. For the same reason many scholars &nbs MoreThe most important concept in comparative literature is the existence of a literary ,cultural ,and historical relationship between cultures. In the present era, many researchers have focused on the investigation of these relations. For the same reason many scholars have traveled to Iran for further and closer investigation. Among them one can refer to Yusef Hossien Bakka r. His eight year residence in Iran and his acquaintance with Gholam Hossein Lotfi helped him be more familiar with the sources of Persian Literature. He has written invaluable works which serve Persian literature. As it will be explained he has been truly successful in the interaction between these two languages. Manuscript profile -
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144 - Portrayal of Israelias theOther in the Novel The Pessoptimist (Khoshbadbin) by Emile Habibi
Masoud Shokri Kobra Roshanfekr Khalil Parvini Faramarz MirzaeeThe novel The Secret Life of Said: The Pessoptimist is the most famous literary work of the Palestinian novelist, Emile Habibi. The book has been written in the form of letters sent from narrator of the story to the author. These letters, either in satiric or serious la MoreThe novel The Secret Life of Said: The Pessoptimist is the most famous literary work of the Palestinian novelist, Emile Habibi. The book has been written in the form of letters sent from narrator of the story to the author. These letters, either in satiric or serious language, have been written using different rhetorical styles. Their principal content is an attempt to portray the Israeli – Palestinian conflict in Palestine, dealing with Israeli characters as one of the conflict sides and elements who have occupied “my” Palestinian land. The reason for selection of the Israeli “the other” character in the present paper is thesignificant role of this element in conflicts of the occupied lands, who also serves as one of the main characters of the novel. With aid of a descriptive – analytical method, the paper investigates portrayal of Jewish Israeli the other in the novel The Pessoptimist as resistance novel of Palestine and illustrates the characteristics mentioned for Israeli the Other in the novel. Using a symbolic and humorous language and relying on elements such as verbal, physical and spatial descriptions, the author has portrayed a negative image of Israeli the Other. Manuscript profile -
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145 - The Influence of Persian Symbolism and Poetic Forms on the Poetry of Hossein Mojib Almesri
Mehdi Abedi Jazini The comparison of Arabic literature and Persian literature is the comparison between two similar literatures though the impact of Persian literature on Arabic literature is more profound. Hossein Mojib Almesri, the poet under discussion in this paper has been in More The comparison of Arabic literature and Persian literature is the comparison between two similar literatures though the impact of Persian literature on Arabic literature is more profound. Hossein Mojib Almesri, the poet under discussion in this paper has been influenced by Persian literature specifically in two areas: symbolism and poetic forms. This paper is an attempt to discuss cultural interaction between Arabic and Persian literature in the poetry of Hossein Mojib Almesri as a prominent contemporary literary man. The paper highlights the representation of this cultural give and take which results in change in poetic themes. Mesri follows Persian mystical symbolism while he tries to depict his own mental images, too by describing the beloved's long hair and tall, upright figure. The poet sometimes borrows Persian motifs and themes unconsciously , and unaware of its effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Palm and Olive Motifs in Samih Alqasim's Poetry
Kobra Roshanfekr Hamed PoorheshmatiSome thoughts and events are of a prominent position in human life as if they lead human to insistence and repetition by becoming a part of his concerns and at last they represent themselves as an individual and permanent feature in his conscious and unconscious. But pe MoreSome thoughts and events are of a prominent position in human life as if they lead human to insistence and repetition by becoming a part of his concerns and at last they represent themselves as an individual and permanent feature in his conscious and unconscious. But permanent repetition of the mentioned imagery represents a subject of whose reality there is no information available under normal circumstances. Hence, repetition though, it is a linguistic-critical phenomenon, appears sometimes as a motif, in frame of a fundamental element in a poetic text, in signs and implications among which the poet included poetic codes and images to promote beauty and attraction of his text. Motif is highly significant in Samih Alqasim poetry and lets the viewer find the key hidden in his work in the form of a noun, verb or a sentence for a main point around which his poem turns. Of course the poet occasionally resorts to repetition which accompanies with insistence on temporary concern to have a certain view. As an instance, he uses palm and olive motifs each of which has been respectively iterated 51 and 69 times in his poems with sustainability goals in poetic necessity. Meanwhile, palm implies secrets such as resistance, vitality and new life and olive inspires freshness, prosperity and the poet's religious heritage tied with his patriotic feelings. This study seeks to uncover application of palm and olive motifs in Samih Alqasim poetry with reference to statistical data and emphasis on analytical-descriptive method. Manuscript profile -
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147 - Sufi-lyrics of Ibne Farez and Jamie ; conceptual comparative criticism
Mohammad Hadi Moradi Fatemeh NasrollahiComparative literature is one of the major branches of literature, in which the researcher surveys on the works of two poets who enjoy different literature and after identifying of the differences and similarities between both of them, their poems and proses are compare MoreComparative literature is one of the major branches of literature, in which the researcher surveys on the works of two poets who enjoy different literature and after identifying of the differences and similarities between both of them, their poems and proses are compared. This leads to unity of culture between two nations and also the great literary men are mostly recognized. In this research, sufi-lyrics of two eminent poets, Ibne Farez and Jami, have conceptually been investigated since both are considered the pioneers of sufi verse between Arab and Persian. This research first deal with the biography of two poets and then their poems are conceptually surveyed based on the most significant symbols of sufi verse such as wine and woman that is used as the mystery of verse by poet in order to express his spiritual goal and mystical purpose. Manuscript profile -
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148 - The Impact of Persian Culture in the poetry of Ibne Hadi Andalusia
Seyyed Mohammad Mir Hosseini Ali AsvadiIbne Hadi Andalusia is deemed amongst the most renowned poets of Andalusia. He has applied a great number of Persian words analyzed in this paper which reveals the profound relationship between the two languages on the one hand, and the influence of the two missionary V MoreIbne Hadi Andalusia is deemed amongst the most renowned poets of Andalusia. He has applied a great number of Persian words analyzed in this paper which reveals the profound relationship between the two languages on the one hand, and the influence of the two missionary Vali brothers (Yahya bin Ali, and Jafar bin Ali Andalusia) to prompt this correspondence on the other hand. This research will focus on the representation of Iranian culture and literature in the poetry of Ibne Hadi ,mostly to depict another manifestation of the relationship between Persian and Arabic language. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - Contemporary Arab Poets in Iran: The Case of Muhammad Mehdi Aljavaheri
Mehdi Naseri Rasul Dehghan ZadAfter a brief introduction on the connection between Persian and Arabic literature this paper examines Al javaheri's impact of Iran. The paper is divided into three sections: the impact of the Iranian charming landscape and nature on Javaheri's poetry; Javaheri an MoreAfter a brief introduction on the connection between Persian and Arabic literature this paper examines Al javaheri's impact of Iran. The paper is divided into three sections: the impact of the Iranian charming landscape and nature on Javaheri's poetry; Javaheri and Iranian poetry; and Javaheri's local color in Iran. The paper concludes with the general impact of Aljavaheri's journey to Iran during his youth and the embodiment of the fusion of vast landscapes and poetical vocations in his poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Alfosule val Ghayat: Symbols and Implications
Ali Ganjiyan Khanari Zohreh Ghorbani "Alfosule val Ghayat …"is considered as one of the most important verse writings of Abu-al-Ala which comes to us partially. The vast bulk of refrains and comments with each part dealing with a new subject depicts the depth of the poet's thoughts. Thi More "Alfosule val Ghayat …"is considered as one of the most important verse writings of Abu-al-Ala which comes to us partially. The vast bulk of refrains and comments with each part dealing with a new subject depicts the depth of the poet's thoughts. This paper examines the lines and comments of this book structurally and explains the significance of the titles , and then deals with those parts without title. Moarri's innovative reference to different sciences such as syntax and prosody and its formal similarity to the holy Koran has made the jealous and narrow minded to accuse his book as a counterbalance to the holy Koran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - The Role of Translation in Comparative Literature
Hadi Nazari Monazzam Reyhaneh MansuriTranslation is one of the first steps and a highly influential element in the development of the literary heritage of a nation. Hence, the study of translation studies is intrinsic to the research activities concerned with comparative literature, the productiveness of w MoreTranslation is one of the first steps and a highly influential element in the development of the literary heritage of a nation. Hence, the study of translation studies is intrinsic to the research activities concerned with comparative literature, the productiveness of which benefitting all eras. Mastering languages of the world is a very painstaking task indeed. Consequently, the comparative researchers welcome translation studies. A glance at the literary translation movements in Iran reveals the very fact that translators active in this field have done a poor job which can be due to lack of enough knowledge of Iranian comparative researchers with western literature. This paper is an attempt to familiarize the readers with comparative literature and introduce the most renowned works translated in Persian language. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - Narrative Form of Story Telling in Palestine's literature of Resistance (Case Study of the Novel Babossaheh)
Kobra Roshanfekr Naeemeh Parandavaji Khalil Parvini Faramarz MirzaeeNarrative form of the story studies the relation between the narrator and characters, and it is an important tool for transferring of speeches and thoughts of characters to the reader, from this way the readers get into the atmosphere of the story. Narrative   MoreNarrative form of the story studies the relation between the narrator and characters, and it is an important tool for transferring of speeches and thoughts of characters to the reader, from this way the readers get into the atmosphere of the story. Narrative forms are divided in to five; direct, indirect, free direct, free indirect and narrative report of speeches and thoughts, based on the domination degree of the narrator and the characters. The present article deals with descriptive and analytical style and by presenting a complete statistics population of characters' speeches, studies different ways of speech representation of "Babossahe" a novel by Sahar Khalifeh. Findings of the study demonstrated that the narrator used all forms of speech representation styles for showing Palestine social condition and problems of the women of country at the first years of uprising, but direct speech, narrative style of speech and free direct speech have the most frequencies. The narrator by using direct speech and free direct speech allows the characters to relate with the reader and familiarize them with the narrators political, economical, cultural and social mental distresses. Using these techniques helps the narrator to show different sides of life and problems of Palestine women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Investigation and Interpretation of Sohrab Sepehri's Hasht-ketab(Eight-Volumes) in the Light of Mathematics
Javad Qorbani Alireza Iranbakhsh Existence of words and concepts of basic sciences including mathematics, geology, biology, chemistry and physics in the poetry causes many form and conceptual rises and falls for which further investigation and criticism are necessary. Science always accompanies More Existence of words and concepts of basic sciences including mathematics, geology, biology, chemistry and physics in the poetry causes many form and conceptual rises and falls for which further investigation and criticism are necessary. Science always accompanies with accuracy and science introduction into poetic and literary area will also involve it in accuracy and give it more depth. Sometimes it helps having right understanding of poetry and sometimes hides and codifies it and makes its understanding more difficult. Mathematics is considered as one of basic sciences and penetration of its words and concepts in poetry area causes some evolutions in its content, form and understanding rate which is investigable. This research aims to investigate relation between mathematics and literature and influence of mathematics entering poetry considering Hasht Behesht by Sohrab Sepehri and also influence of this science on understanding rate of poetry in addition to extracting all mathematical words and concepts from Sepehri’s poems. For authors, introduction of mathematical concepts and words into Sepehri’s poetry has been very effective and in most cases it has played an important role like creating brevity, imagination and imagery and giving accuracy to the poetry. Although entrance of these words has sometimes increased poetic richness and made its concept deeper and more influencing, it has caused complexity of poetic understanding such that if this possible complexity and constraint removes, understanding and comprehension of the poetry will be more productive. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - The Functional Role of Phoneme in the Camel Description in Tarafeh's" Moalegheh"
Bijan Karami Jalal Marami Mohsen Khosh GhamatThe phoneme is considered as the smallest linguistic unit that is used to distinguish words from each other. Relation between phonology and semantics is placed in the context of relation between signifier and signified. And disagreement between l MoreThe phoneme is considered as the smallest linguistic unit that is used to distinguish words from each other. Relation between phonology and semantics is placed in the context of relation between signifier and signified. And disagreement between linguists continue until now. Some of them believe that there are functional roles for phonemes in innovative text. Whereas others believe that there is no relationship between meaning and phoneme .In this article we count phonemes in Tarafeh's poem and we express presence and absence of defamiliarisation in camel description. The result is that phoneme plays a crucial role in poetic context. Phonemes that are relevant to meaning are abundant while irrelevant ones that have no connection to meaning are rare. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - The Study of Comparative literaturein Arab World: Ghonaymi Helal's Al-hayat Al-atefiah bayn Al-Ozriah va Al-sofiah
hadi nazari monazzam reyhaneh mansoriStudying through comparative literature in Arab world, we can find out that Arabic-Persian approach is one of the most important and fundamental elements in comparative literature studies among Arab countries. Obviously, we can also find out that studies in the case o MoreStudying through comparative literature in Arab world, we can find out that Arabic-Persian approach is one of the most important and fundamental elements in comparative literature studies among Arab countries. Obviously, we can also find out that studies in the case of the Arab's relations with Iranians in the cultural and literal areas, especially through ancient era, is limited or stopped. Most of the Arab researchers and comparativists, in their studies have ignored current period. The ancient period is full of mutual interactions between the two cultures and many influences from the two sides. But in recent periods western culture has the deep impression on the two mentioned literatures as well. In this article, the most important comparative works in Arab world has been investigated critically, that is Al-hayat Al-atefiah bayn Al-Ozriah va Al-sofiah written by Dr. Ghonaymi Helal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - Semantic Analysis of Juxtaposition of Words in Poems of Labid Ibn-e- Rabi'aeh al-Ameri
Sayyed Mahmood Mirzaee al-Hosseini Ali Nazari Yoones Valiee Juxtaposition of words is a linguistic phenomenon that exists in all languages and is not specific to a language and means common relationship of one word with other certain words in a language. Juxtaposition of words is one of the most important issues of semant More Juxtaposition of words is a linguistic phenomenon that exists in all languages and is not specific to a language and means common relationship of one word with other certain words in a language. Juxtaposition of words is one of the most important issues of semantics because of its important role in determining meaning of many words and combinations. This verbal phenomenon is one of distinguishing indices of text structure and a key for its reading, analysis, and interpretation. Juxtaposition of words indicates that in addition to literal meaning of words we need to investigate status of a word in a composition and its relation with other words to understand intended meaning of the text. Analysis and classification of juxtaposition of words offer a clear picture of stylistic coordination of a poet and his intellectual system and help critics to criticize his poetry properly. The present paper studies juxtaposition of words semantically in poems of Labid through descriptive - analytic method and tries to answer these two fundamental questions: what types of juxtaposition of words have been used in poems of Labid? What is the role of juxtaposition of words in understanding the meaning? In this article, it will be observed that the poet utilized two types of nominal and verbal juxtaposition in his poem. Also it will be found that study of this verbal phenomenon has a significant role in understanding the meaning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - Another Kurdish Artist in abd-Alwahhab Albayati's Poetry: “A Study Based on Image Recognition in Comparative Literature”
Mohammad Hadi Moradi Kaveh KhezriImage recognition is a branch of comparative literature studying the image of foreign other in a literary text. This science is a proper context to differentiate human beings from each other and by this recognition, common essence of humanity is revealed and a gat MoreImage recognition is a branch of comparative literature studying the image of foreign other in a literary text. This science is a proper context to differentiate human beings from each other and by this recognition, common essence of humanity is revealed and a gate is opened to brotherhood world that brings together "I" with the other . Therefore, comparative researches that evaluate our relation with others are very important. Albayati is one of the biggest contemporary Arab poets most of whose odes have been dedicated to investigating the other's image. Meanwhile, he composed three odes in description of three Kurdish artists: Abd-allah Gooran, Yashar Kamal and Aylmaz Güney. Arabic" I" in Albayati's poem has drawn a system of relations with other Kurdish artist. The present paper tries to investigate Albayati's image of other Kurdish artist using descriptive- analytical method ,based on comparative criticism. Results of the paper suggest that the poet has shown image of other Kurdish artist neglectfully. This kind of reading the other is one of the most beautiful possible methods and a unique true way of recognizing the other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - The chllaenges of comparative literature in iran
Hadi Nazari Monazam Reyhaneh Mansoori Comparative Literature is a kind of literary researches that born in france and grew up then expanded at the second half of the twentieth century in third world universities. Comparative literature in its simple and primary concept is very old.the aim that we co More Comparative Literature is a kind of literary researches that born in france and grew up then expanded at the second half of the twentieth century in third world universities. Comparative literature in its simple and primary concept is very old.the aim that we consider in this research is comparative literature in its causative concept in Iranian universities. Comparative literative was established by the efforts of lady fatemeh sayyah in Iran and in researches of competent scholars like Dr Mohammad mohamadi and jawad Hadidi and Azartash Azarnoush culminated. But this academic unit has faced a huge number of challenges such as severe lack of know ledgeable teachers and inatten tion to theory of comparative literature. This study is an attempt to provide a picture of the history of comparative literature in Iran and its encountered challenges Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - The Study of the Motives of pessimism Towards Raven in Persian and Arabic Literature
Yahya Marouf Phenomenon of pessimism towards crow has existed from hundreds of years ago in the literature: Persian and Arabic. Every Farsi or Arabic poet has spoken about raven and has argued the reason for devastation and destruction perdition. Without rep More Phenomenon of pessimism towards crow has existed from hundreds of years ago in the literature: Persian and Arabic. Every Farsi or Arabic poet has spoken about raven and has argued the reason for devastation and destruction perdition. Without repeating that the motives of pessimism to crow are multi, this article refers to the most important motives of crow pessimism in the literature: Persian and Arabic, according to the following addresses: 1.Myths and folk traditions. 2. People's hatred of black color. 3. Poetic stories. 4. Proverbs newly industrialized. 5.Hadith attributed to the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him and his progeny 6. The use of crow in the poetic arts. 7. Linguistic derivation of the word crow.8. Tradition of the fathers. 9. Reliance on interpretations of dreams. 10. Misperceptions about the Book of Genesis in the Bible. This article seeks to answer the following questions: 1.What are the reasons for pessimism and the appearance of crow myth around him in the Arab and Persian literature? 2. Is pessimism to raven due to its religious character or not? 3. Is it for pessimism fact, or is it just words of psychological emissions? 4.Why God sent the crow to teach the sons of Adam bury their dead and did not send another bird to be the first teacher to humans? Manuscript profile -
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160 - Repetition in Divan Al-JorhAl-Falestini va Baraemoddam (Palestines’ Scars and the Buds of Blood ) by Zainab Habash (A Study in Phonetic and Semantic Stylistics)
Amin Nazari Tereizi Amin Nazari Tereizi Mohammad Khaqani Isfahani Somayeh HasanalianRepetition is astylistic phenomenon in literary texts that plays a prominent role in two phonetic andsemantic structures. In this study we surveyed emphasis on under standing features of meaning and rhythm in the Habash’s poem. Furthermore, we explained the MoreRepetition is astylistic phenomenon in literary texts that plays a prominent role in two phonetic andsemantic structures. In this study we surveyed emphasis on under standing features of meaning and rhythm in the Habash’s poem. Furthermore, we explained the most important aspects of repetitionby relying on statistics and stylistic method. We chose repetition phenomenon as the subject of research because it is one of the most important phenomena that Palestinian resistance poem is indexed by .The survey of this phenomenon is considered as research in fields of technical and aesthetic aspects of language of poetic text.Findings of the study show repetition in the poem of Habash is simple and compound repetition. Simple repetition is the same as the repetition of sound and word and compound repetition is the same as the repetition of sentence .Repetition isn’t random and accident in the Habash’s poem but it is purposely and regularly in direction of music and meaning in order to demonstrate her love to Palestineand to express sorrow for the tragedies and testimony of relatives and friends and to blow the spirit of resistance and revolution to remove the usurpation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Phonemic Communication in Beyzavi's Writing
Mohammad Hadi Moradi Farid Ghaderi It stands to reason that modern linguistics has gone through an immense development at diverse linguistic levels. However, such developments have often happened in the systematic dimension of the current linguistic enterprises, as the preceding scholars hav More It stands to reason that modern linguistics has gone through an immense development at diverse linguistic levels. However, such developments have often happened in the systematic dimension of the current linguistic enterprises, as the preceding scholars have not been less familiar with the origins and principles of the field than the contemporary linguists do. The present paper concerns itself with investigating the ideas of Abdullah Ibn omar Beyzavi, a preceding scholar whose ideas have been introduced in his popular interpretation of a linguistic phenomenon, called "phonemic communication", which is nowadays applied by the contemporary linguists to distinguish the linguist phones. The paper aims at giving insights into understanding the very fact that the literature and the intellectual heritage of the preceding scholars can be the base of the modern intellectual and academic endeavors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Elements of Romanticism in the Poetry of Fadwa Touqan
Reyhaneh Mollazadeh After the third decade of 20th century the social political and intellectual conditions in the Arab world prepared the field for romantic revolution. This school surrounded public favor for a long time. Arab generation was influenced by romanticism and was More After the third decade of 20th century the social political and intellectual conditions in the Arab world prepared the field for romantic revolution. This school surrounded public favor for a long time. Arab generation was influenced by romanticism and was acquainted with the principles of this school by translation of western literature .One of the offspring’s of this generation is contemporary Palestinian poetess Fadwa Touqan who empowered the base of Palestine poem after his brother Ebrahim Touqan .Her first poetry sequence was influenced by this school. From this point of view this article investigates Fadwa Touqan's poem on the base of descriptive analysis approach reveal the main romantic propositions in her first poetical works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Customs of love and kindness in KhamseyeNezami
Mandana Alimi Seyed Ahmad Hosseini KazerouniWhat is more than every things gives value to people and makes them honorable and respectful among others is customs and traditions of a nation which give personality to the nation and people. Customs and traditions, believes and minds are the collection of human though MoreWhat is more than every things gives value to people and makes them honorable and respectful among others is customs and traditions of a nation which give personality to the nation and people. Customs and traditions, believes and minds are the collection of human thoughts along centuries and these experiments and customs give personality and identity to the society. To know people of each nation and tribe, we should know their customs and traditions and civilization of them. The present study is recognition against customs of marriage and regarding to this custom. At first it is recommended about marriage and match making to make answer to the bride wedding speechi sbriefly described. Horos cope for the day of the wedding or the bride'shands painting and decoration of the city are some customs. The present study aims to introduce these customs and traditions of the past people of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Literary, allegorical, and artistic of letter Alif in two raconteurs' poetry in lyrical verses of Nezami and Jami
gholamreza heidary'A' or 'Alif' the first letter of Persian alphabet, is a prominent vowel in Farsi language. It is the first letter of Abjad numeral system which represents number one in this system. Alif signifies the Taurus astrological sign. In mystical, philosophical, and rhetorical More'A' or 'Alif' the first letter of Persian alphabet, is a prominent vowel in Farsi language. It is the first letter of Abjad numeral system which represents number one in this system. Alif signifies the Taurus astrological sign. In mystical, philosophical, and rhetorical literature, Alif represents unique God, Holy Spirit, God's mercy; Adam's the father, abstract sphere, solitude, and the single mystery and etc. Due to its special form and position and some other unique features, letter Alif is one of the most used letters in order to create the original themes and poetic areas, mot and elegant expressions and compounds in Persian literature, two distinguished story-teller lyrical poets that are Nezami as a pioneer in lyrical verses and Jami as a laureate in this field. Alif is a leading in most of poetry by these poets meanings like consistent and firm colossal stature, handsomeness, oblong, tense and stretched. It also signifies greatness, proud and honor, slimness, uprightness, stability, resistance, persistence, staunchness, loyalty, faithfulness and standing on one's promise. Alif has fallen in love with its stature. Since Alif has accent-like sign overhead, it is rebellious. Despite having tongue, it is dumb and silent. It is regarded as one of the poorest in terms of wealth among letters. It symbolizes poverty, abjection, destitution, vacancy, pauperism, beggary, inexistence, absence, loss, and self-denial. It also suggests nakedness, nudity, embarrassment, self-evidence, preparedness, distress and confusion and adornment. It carries meanings like solitude, individualism, loneliness, uniqueness, detachment, freedom, honesty, frankness, and innocence. Alif is motionless and stagnant. Its creation begins with points and dots. All letters and numbers then are founded upon this letter. Alif is the first letter of creation. It also indicates minuteness, brevity and tininess. Alif is the most common simile in Persian literature and the poetry's and prose's images or contents used in Persian literature are described. It was compared to needles, thorn, moon crescent, sticks, pens and plumes, fingers, arrows, bolts, cedars, gallows and scaffolds, newly grown whiskers or beard, half or full moon, and etc. This article tries to study the literary, artistic and video applications of letter Alif in Nezami and Jami poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - The Role of effective Factors on Suicidal Tendency in Female high school students
hosseinali mehrabi homa sheikhdaraniThe goal of this research was to study the relationship to between suicidal tendency with demographic variables , life satisfaction , history of annoying events and druy dependency m family factors relation with opposite sex and participation in social activity. In a MoreThe goal of this research was to study the relationship to between suicidal tendency with demographic variables , life satisfaction , history of annoying events and druy dependency m family factors relation with opposite sex and participation in social activity. In a correlation design, 415 female high school students of Shahin Shahr with classified random method were selected and assessed with SWLS (Deinner, 1985), scale of “Suicidal Tendency” MACI-IR (Mehrabi, 2010/1389s.c.) and demographic and family questionnaires. Results of Pearson correlation showed that almostal of these variables have significant relation with suicidal tendency(p < 0.05), but results of stepwise regression analysis showed that life satisfaction, severity of annoying events, family history of suicide, having a boyfriend, mothers education and mental health can predict 42.2% of suicidal tendency in the female adolescents (p < 0.05). The findings emphasized the role of traumatic events, family history for suicide, mothers education, fathers psychiatric illness, and relation with a boy friend on suicidal tendency., family factors and having boyfriends on suicidal tendency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - The Effectiveness of Parentsâ Behavior Modification on the Degree of Hyperactive Childrenâs Unpleasant Behavior
reza pashaThe aim of this quasi experimental study was to investigate the effectiveness of mother’s behavior modification on the degree of unpleasant behavior of children who suffer from hyperactive disorder and deficit attention. The population comprised all referring moth MoreThe aim of this quasi experimental study was to investigate the effectiveness of mother’s behavior modification on the degree of unpleasant behavior of children who suffer from hyperactive disorder and deficit attention. The population comprised all referring mothers to Sina Health Center with children from 6 to12 suffering from hyperactive disorder in Dezful. The sample consisted of 24 mothers who were selected by access sampling method. Participants were randomly divided and grouped in control and experimental groups (12 each). The instrument was the revised version of Conner’s test. At first, a pre-test was administrated to both groups and then the experimental group received 10 training sessions. After receiving treatment both groups received a post-test. Research outcomes were analyzed by using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The results showed that conduct disorder and also children’s hyperactivity were significantly improved (P<0.05), but in sub-scales of attention reduction and cognitive/ attentive problems, there were not significant changes. Manuscript profile -
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167 - The Effectiveness of the Matrix Intervention Program and Harm Reduction Training on Mental Health Indices and Attitudes toward Harmful Relationship in Harmed High School Female Students from Relation with Opposite Sex
homa sheikh darani Mohsen Golparvar illnaz sajjadianThe aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of matrix intervention program and harm reduction training on mental health indices and attitudes toward harmful relationship among harmed high school female students from relation with opposite sex. The research MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of matrix intervention program and harm reduction training on mental health indices and attitudes toward harmful relationship among harmed high school female students from relation with opposite sex. The research method was semi-experimental, and research design was three groups with two stages (pre-test and post-test). The statistical population consisted of all the girls who impaired from relation with opposite sex, which among them 36 persons were selected purposefully and then randomly assigned in two experimental groups and one control group. Symptoms Checklist (SCL-90, Derogatis, et al. 1973) and attitudes toward harmful relationship scale (ATHRS، Sheikh Darani, 2008) was used to measure the dependent variable in the pretest and post-test. The group of matrix intervention program and harm reduction training received 10 sessions of treatment and the control group did not receive any treatment. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance and post-hoc Bonferroni test. The results revealed that in the post-test phase after the pretest control, there is a significant difference between in the matrix intervention group and harm reduction training group and the control group in anxiety (p=0.001), depression (p=0.001), interpersonal sensitivity (p=0.002), hostility (p=0.001), and paranoia (p=0.007). In the components of attitudes toward harmful relationship there is a significant difference between the matrix intervention group with the harm reduction training group and the control group in the affective damage (p=0.001) and social damages (p=0.046), and there is a significant difference only between the matrix intervention group compared to the control group in academic damages (P­=0.012). Manuscript profile -
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168 - The Curious Case of Ralph Tyler: A Historical Narrative of a Lifelong Effort for the Consolidation of Curriculum Theory and Practice
Seyed Ahmad MadaniThis inquiry is a historical narrative of Ralph Tyler’s career and his ideas in the field of curriculum studies. Tyler begin his research and academic career in an era in which many educators and teachers’ practice was based on unexamined and non-sophisticat MoreThis inquiry is a historical narrative of Ralph Tyler’s career and his ideas in the field of curriculum studies. Tyler begin his research and academic career in an era in which many educators and teachers’ practice was based on unexamined and non-sophisticated beliefs. Hi managed to bridge between philosophical thoughts of great educators like Dewey and Herbart and practical concerns of experts like Thorndike, Charters and Bobbitt and successfully reduced his perceived gap between curriculum theory and practice. In this historical narrative, some of the Tyler’s insightful research findings, reflective beliefs, and areas of deliberation are explored, which could play a significant role in deeper understanding of his so-called rational-linear model. Some of the most noteworthy conclusions are mentioned as below: abstract instruction of mathematical operations is as effective as atomistic or behavioristic instruction of these operations; developing an authentic evaluation method is a very important task for true implementation of Dewey’s problem solving and Kilpatrick’s project method; formative evaluation is not for judging about student learning or teacher performance, but it’s for apprising the effectiveness of curriculum; the process of curriculum planning is not absolutely linear; and the purpose of evaluation is improving instruction and teachers’ coordination. In this historical inquiry Tyler’s participatory and realistic approach and his curiosity and efforts for reducing the gap between curriculum theory and practice are highlighted. Manuscript profile -
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169 - Mystical Attitude Of IbnFarez
Mahmood Abdanan Mehdizaeh Abdolali DaylamiOne of the major differences between human being and other creatures including angels is that his mentality and emotions are always evolving and growing in a sense that the essential aspect of character will penetrate into his religious beliefs. Accordingly, his way of MoreOne of the major differences between human being and other creatures including angels is that his mentality and emotions are always evolving and growing in a sense that the essential aspect of character will penetrate into his religious beliefs. Accordingly, his way of praying whose philosophy is summarized in the verse of the Koran as “We created Jinni and other spirits to be praying” has also undergone a revolution in the form and content. In addition to keeping its essence which is worshiping God it is spiraled and engaged so much that through this kind of creature obliged to pray in different forms of life other creatures should find out and make a research on various aspects of different means of praying and spiritual journeys. Now we would like to recognize the means of spiritual journey and internal ways of praying by the Egyptian IbnFarez. He lived in an era that the praying of some devotees had exceeded the normal situation and turned into abstinence and wayward to God during the first century, then to spiritual journey at the outset of the second century, after which by the late third century toward a phenomenon of fatality and revelation and unity, and eventually to the monism or intuition and hidden concepts of that in the seventh century. Therefore, it is endeavored to study and analyze the mystical view of his. After the introduction on training Sufis and the available expressions used in that era, there will be some explanation on his mystical concepts and then the nature of his love and the procedures. In the end, the comments of some researchers on the nature of unity and his views on revelation and monism will be dealt with. Manuscript profile -
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170 - From Self-Mortality to Eternity in God
Soghra Babapour Mehdi DehbashiTo achieve the reality of existence and eternity, mankind should be mortal. Man should perish his entity to be able to gain his real self that is nothing but the everlasting Almighty. At this stage, man can not find any trace of himself and whatever is looked upon is on MoreTo achieve the reality of existence and eternity, mankind should be mortal. Man should perish his entity to be able to gain his real self that is nothing but the everlasting Almighty. At this stage, man can not find any trace of himself and whatever is looked upon is only God. There is no desire to be manifested. Mortality is of several kinds but the most significant hierarchy of which includes operational, characteristic, and instinctive kind. Of course, in the overall stages, mortality is a category of survival. The mortal man achieves that knowledge which there wouldn't be any veil against him and that he perceives truths in their true formats. And in the end, he achieves the knowledge which finds out there is no entity to have independence and that everyone is mortal. Manuscript profile -
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171 - مضامین عرفانی، دینی و ادبی حروف الفبا در اشعار شاه نعمت الله ولی کرمانی
Qolamreza Heidari -
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172 - Newly found rhetorical points from the two Qur'anic interpretations of Rooz al-Jinan by Abolfatuh Razi and Kashf al-Asrar by Abolfadl meybodi
ahmad nazari masood sepahvandi ghasem sahraeiThe presence of some neglected rhetorical techniques in the two commentaries of Rooz al-Janan and Rooh al-Janan by Abul Fattuh Razi and Kashf al-Asrar and Kite al-Abrar by Abul Fazl Meybidi indicates a new miraculous rhetoric of the Holy Quran. Knowledge that has an und MoreThe presence of some neglected rhetorical techniques in the two commentaries of Rooz al-Janan and Rooh al-Janan by Abul Fattuh Razi and Kashf al-Asrar and Kite al-Abrar by Abul Fazl Meybidi indicates a new miraculous rhetoric of the Holy Quran. Knowledge that has an undeniable role in understanding and interpreting the verses of the Holy Quran and recognizing the beauty of the divine word. The present article is a research in which the authors have tried, after defining rhetoric and introducing the two interpretations of Rooz al-Jannan and Kashf al-Asrar, with the analytical-descriptive method, as well as through library studies and direct reference to these two Persian interpretations, the literary beauties that are seen by the rhetoricians to find and examine those that have been left out or have been less addressed. Since receiving the points and nuances of interpretation of the text of the Qur'an has always been prosperous among rhetorical commentators, knowing the rhetoric and rhetorical methods of the Qur'an not only reveals the rhetorical wonders of this holy book, but also its hidden meanings and hidden treasures. reveals After analyzing the samples, the authors conclude that in these two interpretations, special industries such as: Al-Kalam, Basat, Mu'aqed, etc. communities are used, which need to be explained and republished more. Manuscript profile -
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173 - Artistic and alphabetic description Besmelal in Jami's poems
Habibollah Dahmarde Ghaleno Maryam Shabanzadeh Abbas NikbakhtPoet use different methods for creation new and deep themes and decoration speech. And speech criticisms named for any of invention ways and decoration utterance, but artistic, sweet and many applied types of poetic strategies that has a record as long as literature and MorePoet use different methods for creation new and deep themes and decoration speech. And speech criticisms named for any of invention ways and decoration utterance, but artistic, sweet and many applied types of poetic strategies that has a record as long as literature and from beginning is seeing in any Rodaki’s poem, it less noticed literary critics. This way is applied alphabet letters in creation themes such as artistic, beauty and exciting way. Jami is one of the people that blow with benefit of art magic on body of alphabet letters and give them new life. In this writing we decide to revelation how applied alphabet letters for creation themes in his poems and we point to inventions that Jami reaches in way. In this opportunity will present with expression invented themes, beauties and artistic applied of alphabet letters too. Research method was description and it happens from library and electronic studies. Manuscript profile -
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174 - Literary and artistic applications of letter Alif in the area of Persian literature (by relying on poets' poetry anvari and poets' poetry with Khorasani style. (
Golamreza Heidari'A' or 'Alif' the first letter of Persian alphabet, is a prominent vowel in Farsi language. It is the first letter of Abjad numeral system which represents number one in this system. Alif signifies the Taurus astrological sign. In mystical, philosophical, and rhetorical More'A' or 'Alif' the first letter of Persian alphabet, is a prominent vowel in Farsi language. It is the first letter of Abjad numeral system which represents number one in this system. Alif signifies the Taurus astrological sign. In mystical, philosophical, and rhetorical literature, Alif represents unique God, Holy Spirit, God's mercy; Adam's the father, abstract sphere, solitude, and the single mystery and etc. Due to its special form and position and some other unique features, letter Alif is one of the most used letters in order to create the original themes and poetic areas, mot and elegant expressions and compounds in Persian literature, poetry with Khorasani style.Alif is a leading in most of poetry by these poets meanings like consistent and firm colossal stature, handsomeness, oblong, tense and stretched. It also signifies greatness, proud and honor, slimness, uprightness, stability, resistance, persistence, staunchness, loyalty, faithfulness and standing on one's promise. Alif has fallen in love with its stature. Since Alif has accent-like sign overhead, it is rebellious. Despite having tongue, it is dumb and silent. It is regarded as one of the poorest in terms of wealth among letters. It symbolizes poverty, abjection, destitution, vacancy, pauperism, beggary, inexistence, absence, loss, and self-denial. It also suggests nakedness, nudity, embarrassment, self-evidence, preparedness, distress and confusion and adornment. It carries meanings like solitude, individualism, loneliness, uniqueness, detachment, freedom, honesty, frankness, and innocence. Alif is motionless and stagnant. Its creation begins with points and dots. All letters and numbers then are founded upon this letter. Alif is the first letter of creation. It also indicates minuteness, brevity and tininess. Alif is the most common simile in Persian literature and the poetry's and prose's images or contents used in Persian literature are described. It was compared to needles, thorn, moon crescent, sticks, pens and plumes, fingers, arrows, bolts, cedars, gallows and scaffolds, newly grown whiskers or beard, half or full moon, and etc. In this article, we try to study the literary, artistic, and video applications of letter Alif in poets' poetry with Khorasani style. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - Wisdom in the Poems of AbolfathBosti and SaadiShirazi
mohammad ahaygan'mehrThe rich Iranian literature is our eternal pride-worthy capital. Iran has been home to many world-famous men of letters. Every Iranian is duty bound to introduce them to the world community. In the present article, the author aims to study practical wisdom (practical et MoreThe rich Iranian literature is our eternal pride-worthy capital. Iran has been home to many world-famous men of letters. Every Iranian is duty bound to introduce them to the world community. In the present article, the author aims to study practical wisdom (practical ethics) in the poetry of these two poets: SaadiShirazi, who lived in the era of Khorazmia kings and the Mongols’ invasion of Iran (7th century H. G.) and AbolfathBasti, the Arabic speaking poet who lived in the Chaznavid era (4th century H. G.) their poems are replete with wisdom and advice. The present article tries to provide the readers with some wise meanings coming out of the two poets’ pure hearts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - بررسی، تحلیل و مقایسۀ سیاستهای شاه اسماعیل دوم (984-943ق) و شاه محمد خدابنده (996-985ق) در برابر مخالفان اعتقادی و مذهبی
زهرا قائمی صابر اداک محسن حیدرنیا -
Open Access Article
177 - The effect of educational games in Virtual education on increasing the learning of Persian alphabet in first grade elementary school students
marzieh baghdadi Fatemeh Ahmadbeigi mohamadmehdi radanIntroduction: The world of children is full of joy, freshness and wonder. Play is the biggest support for the child's personality and mental well-being, as well as the child's mental and physical development. Playing games is the bond that forms their friendships and gi MoreIntroduction: The world of children is full of joy, freshness and wonder. Play is the biggest support for the child's personality and mental well-being, as well as the child's mental and physical development. Playing games is the bond that forms their friendships and gives them the opportunity to acquire mental and emotional skills. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of educational games in cyberspace on increasing the learning of the Persian alphabet by first grade elementary school students. Research Method: the research study was experimental type. The study population includes first grade male students in District 8 at Tehran city. Sixty first grade students of Fakhami-1 school in two classes of 30 people have been selected based on the random sampling method. These two classes were selected from all the first elementary classes and one class of 30 people was randomly assigned as the control group and the other 30 people as the experimental group. To collect the data, a researcher-made educational achievement test of Persian alphabet was used. The educational game was also designed by the researcher and implemented on the experimental group. Finding: results showed that the educational games in virtual education have been effective to increase the learning of the Persian alphabet in first grade students. The findings indicate that educational games in virtual education are effective in increasing the reading and writing skills of the Persian alphabet in first grade elementery school students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - Investigate the Effectiveness of Self- control Training on Attitude Chenge in Girl Students About Friendship with Opposite Sex
parvin EhteshamzadehThe aim of this study was to investigatte the effectiveness of self control training on attitude chenge in girl students about frindship with opposit sex . The method of study was experimental research design and pretest-posttest control group the sample consisted of 40 MoreThe aim of this study was to investigatte the effectiveness of self control training on attitude chenge in girl students about frindship with opposit sex . The method of study was experimental research design and pretest-posttest control group the sample consisted of 40 girl students who were multi- stage randomly sampling of all high school students of Andimeshk city, and they were random replace in two groups( experimental group=20. control group= 20). ANCOVA method data analysis showed that training self control skills have effect to the attitude change about friendship with the opposite sex in girl students. So that mean of post test(p<0.01) and follow- up (p<0.001) scores of attitude about friendship with opposite sex in the exprimental group was significantly lower than of control group(p<o.001). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - There is No Arch Without Brick
Mohammad Reza KalhurIt is clear, The English in both reading and writing skills is based on the alphabet. Explaining and teaching new alphabet (English) for teachers who teach in remote rural and deprived areas is too hard because students in this area are familiar with the native languag MoreIt is clear, The English in both reading and writing skills is based on the alphabet. Explaining and teaching new alphabet (English) for teachers who teach in remote rural and deprived areas is too hard because students in this area are familiar with the native language and formal language. Classical and elementary teaching method creates more problems for teachers in the teaching process as well as for students in understanding the process. Based on this necessity, subject of this study, mentally visualize and understand the similarities and contrasts comparison of the English alphabet with native language alphabet and the official language alphabet. Using the power of art and the use of "story" and the "Theatre and Show" for better understanding and a deeper understanding of the English alphabet, as well as the application and its requirements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - Literary prominence in Tarikh-e Beihaqi (History of Beihaqi)
Tayebe Sheikh Veisi Abolghasem RadfarIn this research, recognizing the documentary seeks to highlight aspects literary on History of Beihaqi. It has been always a question that if Tarikh-e Beihaqi(History ofBeihaqi) is a historical work, why it is used as a textbook in literature, and why Persian Language MoreIn this research, recognizing the documentary seeks to highlight aspects literary on History of Beihaqi. It has been always a question that if Tarikh-e Beihaqi(History ofBeihaqi) is a historical work, why it is used as a textbook in literature, and why Persian Language and Literature students pay no attention to this work as history students do. In Tarikh-e Beihaqi(History of Beihaqi) authored by Abolfazl Beihaqi, there are some subtitles which can be considered as Beihaqi literature. Beihaqi’s skill in historiography indicates his mastery of writing. Though this work is an authentic document, it is mixed with narrations to the extent that it begins to get away from pure history and get close to literature. Although the historical aspect of this book cannot be overlooked, this research tries to introduce the literary aspect of Tarikh-e Beihaqi(History ofBeihaqi) in a descriptive-analytic method based on the complete researches and the original text of the book. Some of the results show that: 1. because of containing many literary subtleties, this book gets close to literature and sometimes it can be seen as a literary book; 2. having his own eloquence and literary style, Abolfazl Beihaqi enhanced the attraction of his book and presented it in the form of a documentary and interesting story. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - The impact of Persian alphabet game on creativity, third grade students in Hamedan
Hosein mihagheghei Aboalghasem yaghobi sareh ghaemicontext:One of the constant concerns of the educational psychology science is offering ways to increase children's creativity which sometimes requires examinations of the pas behaviors and the manner of playing games.Objectives : the creativity and the ways for its impr Morecontext:One of the constant concerns of the educational psychology science is offering ways to increase children's creativity which sometimes requires examinations of the pas behaviors and the manner of playing games.Objectives : the creativity and the ways for its improving is one of the constant concerns of the scientific society, and regarding to this fact , this research tries to examine the influence of the Persian alphabet game on creatively third grade elementary students. method:The method of research that applied in this study was, Semi-pilot and unequal group control plan type. The population of the research comprised entire male and female students in third grade of elementary schools who studying at 1392 academic year in the city of Hamedan.The employed questionnaires in this study were the Intelligence Color Raven test for children, the form B of Torrance creativity test and play with the Persian alphabet.In order to analyze data, the single-variate and multi-variate Covariance analysis and Post hoc test and to calculate the experimental intervention on creativity variables the effect size Glass method was useresults:The results showed that teaching word formation through play with thePersian alphabet increase in the total score of students creativity and its sub-components .Discussion : so it seems that the creativity as a changeable variant affected by the game , is an effective method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - Playing with English Alphabet and its Impact on Students’ Participatory Creativity
Suzan Arezi Bahman Saeidipour Mohammad Reza Sarmadi Bahman ZandiObjective: the main objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of playing with English alphabet on students’ participatory creativity. Methodology: this research was a semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. T MoreObjective: the main objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of playing with English alphabet on students’ participatory creativity. Methodology: this research was a semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The population consisted of all students of Kermanshah Payam-e-Noor University who were passing their specialized English course. Using convenience sampling method, 60 students were selected out of the whole population. Then, the selected students were randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control. Using educational games and routine procedures, students in the experimental group were trained for one semester. The data were collected by the Abedi Test of Creativity (ATC), whose validity and reliability had already been confirmed. The SPSS software was used to statistically analyze the collected data and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conductedto test the study’s hypotheses. Results: the results showed statistically significant differences between average scores obtained by the two groups in subskills of Fluency (F=16.015), Elaboration (F=4.576), Originality (F=5.265) and Flexibility (F=6.155), indicating that the used educational games had significant impacts on the mentioned subskills of creativity. Conclusion: according to the results of this study,playing with English alphabet positively affects creativity and learning of university students. In other words, students can be expected to be more creative when playing such educational games. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - The Effectiveness of Conflict resolution skills in Tends to be the opposite sex in Single girls
فرشاد پهلوان زاده ژاله رفاهیAbstract Introduction: One of the issues that young people puts us in conflict and tension, relations between girls and boys due to cultural attitudes, religious, secular, social and familial him. While in many countries of the free world is evident boys and girls, our MoreAbstract Introduction: One of the issues that young people puts us in conflict and tension, relations between girls and boys due to cultural attitudes, religious, secular, social and familial him. While in many countries of the free world is evident boys and girls, our young generation does not know how to deal with this issue. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Conflict resolution skills in Tends to be the opposite sex in Single girls in Isfahan city. Method:This study is a quasi experimental design of pretest-posttest control group. The subjects in this study consisted of all Girls Singles have come to the Cultural centers Area 11 isfahan city in the years of 2015. The design of this study was quasi-experimental with control group and two stages of evaluation, included pre test and post test. A total of 40 participants were selected and randomly divided into two experimental(20) and control(20). Experimental group got a 9- session intervention based on Conflict resolution skills, weekly; while control group didn,t get any intervention Each group responded to Applied tools were Tends to be the opposite sex questionnaire. Data were analyzed through univariate analysis of covariance. Results: Findings showed that there are significant differences between the experimental and control groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of analysis of covariance showed that Conflict resolution skills decrease of Tends to be the opposite sex. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - Comparative comparison of the intertextuality types of Gerard Genet with the theory of Islamic rhetoric in the sixteenth and seventeenth chapters of the principles of chapters in obtaining
Saeed Abedini Dr. Azizollah Tavakoli Kafi Abad Dr mahmoud sadeghzadeh Today, the link between comparative literature and intertextuality is a new achievement that makes it easy to analyze the work within its patterns and methods. One of the most important elements of analysis in the field of comparative literature is the study of si More Today, the link between comparative literature and intertextuality is a new achievement that makes it easy to analyze the work within its patterns and methods. One of the most important elements of analysis in the field of comparative literature is the study of similarities and the effect of works on each other and how to realize or convey a subject and theme; Existence is constructed and then acquires that discourse and even changes the meaning of the central text. In the present paper, relying on the descriptive-analytical method, we make a comparative study of the intertextual aspects of genetics with the theory of Islamic rhetoric in the principles of chapters. Accordingly, the types of overt-intentional, intentional, covert, intentional and implicit intertextuals and their adaptive aspects in Islamic rhetoric, including guarantee, allegory, proverbial transmission, adaptation, contract, allusion, dissolution and implication, are examined in this work. One of the objectives of this study is to evaluate the use of previous texts based on the theory of genetics and their adaptation to the theory of Islamic rhetoric. According to the present study, the most diverse type of intertextuality is implicit intertextuality and adaptation in accordance with Islamic rhetoric. Therefore, they have the most abundant intertextual intertextuality, respectively. Hedayat's creativity in how to use the previous texts and use the intertextual element and create an innovative and creative connection between the previous texts and the present text in an artistic way will attract and convince the audience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - Taxonomic study of some biodiversity characteristics of the soil Laelapid mites in different habitats of Shahrood region-Iran
Parisa Qurani Massoud Hakimi Tabar Omid Joharchi Hamed GhobariThis study is based on survey on soil inhabiting Laelapidae that was carried out in year 2015 in different habitats of Shahrood region. In this study, 19 species belonging 10 genera and 3 subfamilies were collected and identified and determine some characteristics of bi MoreThis study is based on survey on soil inhabiting Laelapidae that was carried out in year 2015 in different habitats of Shahrood region. In this study, 19 species belonging 10 genera and 3 subfamilies were collected and identified and determine some characteristics of biodiversity. According to results of Laelaspisella berlesi (45) was the most abundant and Gaeolaelaps kargi, Gaeolaelaps angusta and Pseudoparasitus hajiganbari (0/46) were the least abundant. The highest Margalef index and Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index were calculated for forest and Simpson index were calculated for Bastam. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - Tel Bakian, a Suitable Option for Studying the Transition Phase from the Early to the Late Fars
Mohammad KaramiIntermountain plains are very suitable places to settle in mountainous areas. One of these plains is located in the northern region of Fars province, named Dasht-e Bakian/Bakian Plain. In this plain, a relatively large ancient hill is located near Bakian village. Accord MoreIntermountain plains are very suitable places to settle in mountainous areas. One of these plains is located in the northern region of Fars province, named Dasht-e Bakian/Bakian Plain. In this plain, a relatively large ancient hill is located near Bakian village. According to the surface pottery, it seems that there were settlements from the Early and the Late Fars periods. In this article, while introducing the pottery of this site, the importance of the Early Fars phase in the northern Fars region is investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - The study of the possibility of establishing school-based management from the point of view of the principals of female high schools in districts 1 and 2,Shiraz
mahdiyah zahersalehi abdallah ahmade javad iraneyanThe present study is on investigation of the possibility of establishing school-based management from principals’ point of view. School-based management is based on participatory management and is a move towards decentralization in educational system and more inde MoreThe present study is on investigation of the possibility of establishing school-based management from principals’ point of view. School-based management is based on participatory management and is a move towards decentralization in educational system and more independence in schools. Statistical population consisted of all principals of female high schools in Shiraz. Since the population was small, no sampling was done. The data collection instrument was a school-based management questionnaire. The reliability of the instrument was established using Cronbachs Alpha. Reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.22. using one – parameter t – test, we found that the principals saw school-based management as part of designating authority to schools and welcomed such arrangements Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - “Darolfonoon” a new view to the world of knowledge
yousef motevaliDarolfonoon is irans first public school that was manged in accordance with European style. And was established by mirza taghee khan amir kabir. This school started its educational activitie sin rabialaval fifth in 1286 h/ 1851 a.d. The students were registrated there f MoreDarolfonoon is irans first public school that was manged in accordance with European style. And was established by mirza taghee khan amir kabir. This school started its educational activitie sin rabialaval fifth in 1286 h/ 1851 a.d. The students were registrated there for seven courses as follow: cavalry, infantry, artillery, engineering, medicine, and pharmacy. The teachers who were teaching there werefrom European countries. At the beginning every course had been lasted for sevenyears, but later, itreduced to four years . at this school practical teaching was as importantas theorical teaching, and equipments sueh as laboratory , pressing bouse, and library were all in serve of teaching at the beginning naseraldin was wery gondof about school activities, but gradually when liberal ideas were growing there, he became regardless to it. In spite of its earlier progresses. Darolfonoon couldnot get to its general schedules because of numerous reasons, but at least could to open anew window toward knowledye world. For Iranians. And also caused a number of them became familiar with Europe xientific gains, and reformist ideas Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - truth telling according to king`s cruelty in Tarikh-i Bayhaqi
hossein asgharyhistorians had different kinds of obstacles in their way of writing the history in the past, and maybe the biggest problem was telling the truth according to the cruelty of the kings, and suppression of absolute society in that time can be seen variously in historical w Morehistorians had different kinds of obstacles in their way of writing the history in the past, and maybe the biggest problem was telling the truth according to the cruelty of the kings, and suppression of absolute society in that time can be seen variously in historical writings. In a quick research , these effects can be observed in the form of paradox and metaphor and sometimes vagueness with complex goals in Tarikh-i Bayhaqi . anyway Tarikh-i Bayhaqi is one of the most valuable literary works in the field of history writing. in this article we pay attention to the ways of Bayhaqi in writing the truth and we also talk about how he managed to enlighten a corner of the truth in spite of absolutism and cruelty of the king. It is obvious that in the past, historians had a complicated and difficult job at writing the truth according to the fact that they were working for the kings. so always there were obstacles in their way. they would write only what the king wanted or they would clarify a corner of the truth by means of literary tricks like metaphor an paradox so they could fulfil their obligation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - truth tellingin Tarikh-i Bayhaqi
hossein asgharyhistorians had different kinds of obstacles in their way of writing the history in the past, and maybe the biggest problem was telling the truth according to the cruelty of the kings, and suppression of absolute society in that time can be seen variously in historical w Morehistorians had different kinds of obstacles in their way of writing the history in the past, and maybe the biggest problem was telling the truth according to the cruelty of the kings, and suppression of absolute society in that time can be seen variously in historical writings. In a quick research , these effects can be observed in the form of paradox and metaphor and sometimes vagueness with complex goals in Tarikh-i Bayhaqi . anyway Tarikh-i Bayhaqi is one of the most valuable literary works in the field of history writing. in this article we pay attention to the ways of Bayhaqi in writing the truth and we also talk about how he managed to enlighten a corner of the truth in spite of absolutism and cruelty of the king. It is obvious that in the past, historians had a complicated and difficult job at writing the truth according to the fact that they were working for the kings. so always there were obstacles in their way. they would write only what the king wanted or they would clarify a corner of the truth by means of literary tricks like metaphor an paradox so they could fulfil their obligation Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - Truth tellingin Tarikh-i Bayhaqi
hossien asgariHistorians had different kinds of obstacles in their way of writing the history in the past, and maybe the biggest problem was telling the truth according to the cruelty of the kings, and suppression of absolute society in that time can be seen variously in historical w MoreHistorians had different kinds of obstacles in their way of writing the history in the past, and maybe the biggest problem was telling the truth according to the cruelty of the kings, and suppression of absolute society in that time can be seen variously in historical writings. In a quick research, these effects can be observed in the form of paradox and metaphor and sometimes vagueness with complex goals in Tarikh-i Bayhaqi . Anyway Tarikh-i Bayhaqi is one of the most valuable literary works in the field of history writing. in this article we pay attention to the ways of Bayhaqi in writing the truth and we also talk about how he managed to enlighten a corner of the truth in spite of absolutism and cruelty of the king. It is obvious that in the past, historians had a complicated and difficult job at writing the truth according to the fact that they were working for the kings. so always there were obstacles in their way. they would write only what the king wanted or they would clarify a corner of the truth by means of literary tricks like metaphor an paradox so they could fulfil their obligation Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - 2500-year-old kingdom celebration with emphasis on cultural-social review the regim in Iran.
L. Dehghan Nayyeri H. Shojaei2500-year-old kingdom celebration which after years of providing propaganda and studying were held in the fall of 1350 in persepolis with a unque glory , was on of the most expensire celebration which cost over 300 million dollars.By holding such a celebration ,shah More2500-year-old kingdom celebration which after years of providing propaganda and studying were held in the fall of 1350 in persepolis with a unque glory , was on of the most expensire celebration which cost over 300 million dollars.By holding such a celebration ,shah was seeking a way to continue his government and dominance over the pepole of Iran ,so he began to recover Aryan's valuas and arouse animosity towards Islam and develop friendly relation with foreign countries ,hence he began a series of controversial and , in some cases ,useful measures :naming himself "shah", ordering the collection and compiliation if some books about Iran's pre-Islamic culture and civilization ,founding Shahanshahi foundation of Iran Acadmy ,establish-ment of Iran's National Deed Registery ,holding various celebrations during the celebration decade (1345-1355),promoting people to choose their children the original Iranian names ,sending some educational groups callend "Sepahyane Danesh" (knowledge corps)to villages for the aim of making pepole eager to ancient and kigdom culture and informing them of the magnitude of the 2500-year-old kingdom celebrations ,building several schools and many buildings of public interest after the name of cirus the Great,changing the calender from solar to kingdome the cost of these celebrtions was so high and anti-Islamic measurs of regime were so extensive that finally raised the protest of the majority of the pepole of Iran and even foreign press and figures,and Shah and regime were condemned. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - “Darolfonoon” a new view to the world of knowledge
yosef motavalli haghighiDarolfonoon is irans first public school that was manged in accordance with European style. And was established by mirza taghee khan amir kabir. This school started its educational activitie sin rabialaval fifth in 1286 h/ 1851 a.d. The students were registrated ther MoreDarolfonoon is irans first public school that was manged in accordance with European style. And was established by mirza taghee khan amir kabir. This school started its educational activitie sin rabialaval fifth in 1286 h/ 1851 a.d. The students were registrated there for seven courses as follow: cavalry, infantry, artillery, engineering, medicine, and pharmacy. The teachers who were teaching there werefrom European countries. At the beginning every course had been lasted for sevenyears, but later, itreduced to four years . at this school practical teaching was as importantas theorical teaching, and equipments sueh as laboratory , pressing bouse, and library were all in serve of teaching at the beginning naseraldin was wery gondof about school activities, but gradually when liberal ideas were growing there, he became regardless to it. In spite of its earlier progresses. Darolfonoon couldnot get to its general schedules because of numerous reasons, but at least could to open anew window toward knowledye world. For Iranians. And also caused a number of them became familiar with Europe xientific gains, and reformist ideas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - Islamic-Iranian Progress Model in Urban sociology Studies Based on Reading of the Book “Man Lā Yahḍuruhū al-Faqīh”
Hamid Karamati Hassan Sattari Sarbangholi Aziz javanpourheraviEstablishing modern Islamic civilization requires specific indicators and theoretical foundations of its own civilization. Urban studies in Islamic-Iranian civilization needs application of the original intellectual concepts in the civilization scope in relevance to the MoreEstablishing modern Islamic civilization requires specific indicators and theoretical foundations of its own civilization. Urban studies in Islamic-Iranian civilization needs application of the original intellectual concepts in the civilization scope in relevance to the Islamic-Iranian identity. The noble book of “Man Lā Yahḍuruhū al-Faqīh” written by Sheikh Saduq is one of the most valuable and important books of Shia in Islamic civilization. This research aimed to express the basic concepts of the Islamic-Iranian progress model in the field of urban sociology studies based on the reading of the Man Lā Yahḍuruhū al-Faqīh”. The research methodology was descriptive-analytic conducted by documentary studies method. In each of the three socio-cultural, structural and economic dimensions in the field of urban sociology studies based on the text of this book, the basic and fundamental concepts have been discussed. The findings of the research indicated that in the field of urban studies, the Islamic basic and fundamental concepts based on the Man Lā Yahḍuruhū al-Faqīh can be applied in the three socio-cultural, structural and economic dimensions in the material and spiritual life of the city. The results of the research can pave the way to adopt and implement the basic concepts of the Islamic-Iranian progress model in the field of urban building knowledge and urbanization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - Reforming Iran's land policies and removing its social barriers according to the Al-Faragh region theory
Mohamad Piran Mohammad Hossein Mokhtari Esmaeil ShafieeThe smallness and dispersion of agricultural land in our country prevent the optimal use of water and soil resources, putting at risk the food security of the nation. The religious beliefs of the whole require that structural changes in the process of economic developme MoreThe smallness and dispersion of agricultural land in our country prevent the optimal use of water and soil resources, putting at risk the food security of the nation. The religious beliefs of the whole require that structural changes in the process of economic development be based on their religious beliefs. Therefore, this research paper will explain the necessity of integrating and removing social barriers associated with the theory of Martyr Sadr, who was a jurist who mastered the political and governmental systems. With a document analysis research method, this study finds that some small land owners hinder integration by citing inheritance laws and the principle of private property. The social phenomenon generated by their social actions prevents implementation at the community level. According to the theory of Shahid Sadr, the government can eliminate the corruption of previous policies in the presence of the Al-Faragh region theory based on the interests of the Muslim community. To revoke the private ownership of small lands based on the "harmless rule" and curb the inheritance law while making changes in its implementation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - An analysis of the semantic implications of the general term in the principles of contemporary jurisprudence
ghasem obydavi raziye aminiOne of the major foundations of ijtihad, but also the focus of its discussions, is the use of the book and tradition in general. On the one hand, the discovery of sentences must always be considered and avoided. It reveals these debates, as this has led the great schola MoreOne of the major foundations of ijtihad, but also the focus of its discussions, is the use of the book and tradition in general. On the one hand, the discovery of sentences must always be considered and avoided. It reveals these debates, as this has led the great scholars to take a special interest in their debates. Principles on the quality of the terms have been interpreted to mean the generality of different and dispersed theories. In this research, using descriptive-analytical method, with the help of various principled sources, the inspiration of the words of the Great Principles and search has been tried. In the Arabic language, analyze each of these theories, and finally examine the need or need for the introduction of wisdom in the mechanism of the term public speaking, limiting the present research to the status quo by applying conventional understanding. It is a literal signification, and in the general discussion of the analogy of priority, it was concluded that the literal signification of the causal modalities Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - An Attitude to Ijtihad versus the Nas and its Challenges
mohammad kaveh rahim vakilzadehThere is no doubt that in the face of the appearance of religious texts, perceptions and ijtihad may be different . And it is these appearances that are the main channel of ijtihad. The question is whether mujtahid can also do ijtihad in the face of religious scripture. MoreThere is no doubt that in the face of the appearance of religious texts, perceptions and ijtihad may be different . And it is these appearances that are the main channel of ijtihad. The question is whether mujtahid can also do ijtihad in the face of religious scripture. That is to say, by making jurisprudential arguments, ijtihad seems contrary to the norm, in other words, is ijtihad permissible?In this article, we have tried to first elucidate the notions of "ijtihad", "nas" and "confrontation" and the practical fruit of believing in the authenticity or nullity of ijtihad against the nasal as far as possible and subsequently refuting the views of Sunni and Imamite jurists. Describe its opposition and the reasons for its opposition to the full extent of the text. . At the end of this article, the topic of time and place and its effect on ijtihad and, at the same time, the importance of subject matter and the effect of subject change on judgment and ijtihad have been examined. Manuscript profile -
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198 - An Analysis of the Condition of the Opposition of Scripture and Tradition and Its Impacts on Contracts of Scripture and Tradition and Its Impacts on Contracts
Abbas Taghvaei Mohammadhassan Haeri Masoumeh Khodashenas The discussion of condition and its status in contracts has kept its traditional position in Jurisprudence issues; moreover, it has found a special status in Jurisprudence discussions. The analysis of this position requires a proper famili More The discussion of condition and its status in contracts has kept its traditional position in Jurisprudence issues; moreover, it has found a special status in Jurisprudence discussions. The analysis of this position requires a proper familiarity with the concept of the term condition from the lexical, principal, Jurisprudence, and common points of view and also the surveying of the relationship between conditions and contracts and the familiarity with the principle of the correctness of the conditions. Furthermore, in order to deal with the condition of the opposition of the scripture and tradition, we should be familiar with the criterion of correctness and failure of the correctness of the condition and divisions due to it, all of which determine the position of the discussion concerning the condition of the scripture and tradition. After these introductions and then dealing with documents and reasons related to the conditions of the opposition of the scripture and tradition, explaining the meaning of these kind of conditions and works, and expressing the legal viewpoints due to our Jurisprudence and the views of law on these items, it is essential that we deal with these issues analytically in this study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - Analyzing the Judicial Reasons of Opponents of Women's Political Velayat in Shiite Jurisprudence
mohammad etratdoust seyyed mohammad vazirifardPolitical participation of women in society has recently been more considered. Therefore, and because of some juridical doubts about the women's political Velayat(super authority), juridical analysis of this issue seems to be important. Hence in this paper, possibility MorePolitical participation of women in society has recently been more considered. Therefore, and because of some juridical doubts about the women's political Velayat(super authority), juridical analysis of this issue seems to be important. Hence in this paper, possibility and permit's range of women's political Velayat by study the Quran and Hadith and jurists and commentators' dictum is surveyed. By the result of the study it became clear that we can't lean decisively on the Quran's Verses to forbid women's political Velayat Though – in case of being permitted- some of them could be used as evidence. But according to the famous Prophetic Hadith, A book Hadijeh's one and consensus of scholars of Shiah and Sunnis in prohibiting general Velayat for women, we can adjudicate banning political Vilayat for the ruler of Muslim Ummah in general and supreme leader (Valiye Faqih) for women. But we can't adjudicate so for lower levels and in the Velayat such as of the president and members of parliament and ministers and other Managers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - The Command of Validity of the Last Will, in Order for an Optimal Use of the Testatorâs Body Organs after His Death âfrom the Viewpoint of Islamic Jurisprudence
seyyed mohammad shafiei mazandaraniThe human being is a property of god, and it is according to his permission that everybody is the owner of his deeds and actions and that everyone has the power of making decision about his or her body organs unless the time his life goes under danger. Moreover, every i MoreThe human being is a property of god, and it is according to his permission that everybody is the owner of his deeds and actions and that everyone has the power of making decision about his or her body organs unless the time his life goes under danger. Moreover, every individual has the right to will how to be dealt with his properties and accessories after his death including the right of willing of a person about his body organs to be or not to be used after his death (whether natural death or brain death). Within this research it is realized that the optimal use of a deceased’s body organs is permissible in the case of brain death and even if there exist no will by the deceased, but the guardians of the one who is passed away have consensus upon it, it is still permissible to use the dead person’s body organs, and on the whole it was proved within this research that utilizing a dead person’s body organs in order to solve the problem of another Muslim human is permitted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - A Study on Negative Concept in Interpretation of Legal Subjects
Hamid Masjedsaraei Zahra FeyzMoreover, that the rules of jurisprudence principles science serve Islamic jurists in inferring and finding religious judgments, they can help judges and lawyers in finding real object of legislation and in the other words, the spirit of laws. Regardless of reasoning ma MoreMoreover, that the rules of jurisprudence principles science serve Islamic jurists in inferring and finding religious judgments, they can help judges and lawyers in finding real object of legislation and in the other words, the spirit of laws. Regardless of reasoning made by acceptors and opponents of concept in principles science, this question is always posed that what is the criteria of existence or absence of negative concept in legal texts? Without doubt, finding an appropriate answer to this question will block the way of any interpretation in respect of laws and legal texts. This research has led, through considering different articles of laws that the criteria for distinguishing concept in legal texts, where there are no presumptions, is based, in addition to considering undisputed legal principles and rules, on common sense and literal regulations provided do not lead to an unreasonable meaning. Thus any unjustified and unproved analogy, comparison or generalization, is forbidden and this is the main result of this study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - Analyzing and Criticizing the Proofs of Lawfully Admissibility of Backbiting Religious Opponents
Ali Mohammadian Mohammadreza Elmi Mohammadtaghi FakhlaeiAmong the challenges of our modern time which have occupied the many religious people's mind, the amount of veneration and respect of the holy Canon of Islam to religious opponents is important. The cause of appearance of such questions is issuance of some rare Fatwa MoreAmong the challenges of our modern time which have occupied the many religious people's mind, the amount of veneration and respect of the holy Canon of Islam to religious opponents is important. The cause of appearance of such questions is issuance of some rare Fatwas in this domain which are sometimes invigorated by the support of majority of the jurisprudents. One of these challenging Fatwas which can be seen in many jurisprudential books is the one that permits backbiting religious opponents. Majority of jurisprudents has considered "being a believer" as the criterion of prohibition of backbiting. The writer has concluded that the presented proofs for the mentioned Fatwa are not sufficient for proving the claim. The writer believes it is not canonically valid to consider "being a believer" as a provision in the victim for prohibition of backbiting. This point of view is against the view of the majority though, but some of recent scholars have approved it. Furthermore, this viewpoint is compatible with the wide contextual meaning of the main proofs of this jurisprudential domain and the primary maxims of the prohibition of the backbiting. d out, and in case they are ignorant of the object of transaction, i.e., of what they are going to sell or buy, the transaction of this kind is hazardous, and thus invalid and prohibited by the Islamic Law. In the prophetic hadith we read: “the Messenger of Allah [Prophet Muhammad], may peace be upon him, prohibited a transaction that is hazardous.” Manuscript profile -
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203 - Jurisprudential analysis of Sheikh Saduq's popular views on inheritance
Ehsan Aliakbari Babokani sahand sadeghi bahmani mohammad aminiJurisprudential analysis of the unpopular views of Sheikh Sadouq on inheritance Sheikh Sadouq is one of the fourth-century jurists in a period that is related to the absence of the Imam. Almost all jurisprudential fields have opinions contradictory to the famous Imamiyy MoreJurisprudential analysis of the unpopular views of Sheikh Sadouq on inheritance Sheikh Sadouq is one of the fourth-century jurists in a period that is related to the absence of the Imam. Almost all jurisprudential fields have opinions contradictory to the famous Imamiyyah jurisprudence. The authors of this paper examined the legal jurisprudence of their subjects on inheritance and showed that Sadouq’s five cases of inheritances are: 1- Inheritance of not having child of child in the presence of a deceased parent. 2- Partnership between grandpa and grandchild in inheriting deceased property. 3- Inheriting the mother of a deceased woman by imagining one-sixth spouse as a share and the rest by return. 4- If the sole heir is his wife, the woman inherits a quarter of the property at the time of Imam's presence and, in absentia, will inherit all. 5- Inheritance freed from liberator. The result of this research is to show that the opinions of the not famous jurisprudents, including Sheikh Saduq, also have valid and reliable narrative support. Therefore, their views appear to be able to stand up to prominent promises and can be effective in Iranian law and may be a factor in changing the inheritance of civil law disputes, which have largely followed prominent pronouncements. Manuscript profile -
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204 - The Proportion Origin of Subject and Ruling through Inferring Jurisprudential Rulings
Mehri Ghasemi syeed mohamad mehdi ahmadiAn essential principle that constantly implies a two-way relationship between subject and rule is the proportion principle of the subject and commandment that is obtained as a result of mental concentrations and traditions of understanding. The wise legislator, in the p MoreAn essential principle that constantly implies a two-way relationship between subject and rule is the proportion principle of the subject and commandment that is obtained as a result of mental concentrations and traditions of understanding. The wise legislator, in the position of expressing rulings in common and understandable language has expressed its instructions in terms of the proportion of the subject and ruling as a proof and validity of the legislator, has created this capacity for jurisprudential rulings to maintain their effectiveness over time. As a method of inference, this principle has also been considered by jurists. Several articles have been written on the proportion principle. The main question is that are there any reasons that have led to the discussion on the proportion of the subject and ruling? What has happened in our religious literature in the context of time that we have been allowed to enter the discussion of the proportion of the subject and ruling? In this paper, the origin of the proportion of jurisprudential subject or ruling is discussed. The openness of this discussion has been presented in our jurisprudential, principled and sometimes legal assemblies to factors such as the passage of time and the semantic evolution of evidence words of rulings, separation in jurisprudence as an example of "it is up to us to state the principles for you and it is up to you to extract the branches, the presence of clues generating evidence rulings, the existence of a free area in evidence of rulings, especially in governmental political rulings and the accuracy and depth of Shiite jurisprudence through inference. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - Investigating the Status of Styles of Math Teachers' Interaction with Students
Taraneh Enayati Somayeh KouhsariTeacher-student relationship, in all educational systems is a key aspect of creating effective learning environments. Therefore, investigating the behavior of teachers in the classrooms and identifying students' understanding of teachers' behavior is one of research nec MoreTeacher-student relationship, in all educational systems is a key aspect of creating effective learning environments. Therefore, investigating the behavior of teachers in the classrooms and identifying students' understanding of teachers' behavior is one of research necessities in each educational system. For this purpose, the present study was conducted, aimed to investigate the status of interactive behavior of teachers with students in secondary schools in Gorgan. The study method was survey and all secondary school students in Gorgan and their math teachers were considered as the study population. Thus, 354 second and third grade students with their math teachers entered the study as the sample. The sampling method in the students' group was random cluster and in the teachers' group was targeted. The data collection instrument was the standard Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction. T test was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that students' understanding of behavioral style of most of math teachers in the classroom was consistent with Dominance-Submission model, but math teachers believed that no difference was found between the use of interactive styles of Dominance-Submission and Cooperation-Opposition between them and benefited equally from both styles. Also, the results showed that a significant difference was found between the images that teachers have in mind of interacting with students and the images students have in mind of interacting with their teachers, in admonishing, strict and uncertain behaviors, which the students believe are the styles mostly used by their teachers. But teachers believe that they use these styles less. Comparing the understanding of teachers and students of using the interactive behavior of teachers in both styles of Cooperation-Opposition and Dominance-Submission showed no significant difference. Manuscript profile -
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206 - The role of the Academy of Arts and its graduates in the constitutional movement
fahimeh abdali barand Masomeh Gharadaghi Maqsood Ali Sadeghi Gandmani davod esfahanianWith the establishment of the Academy of Arts and the admission of the first volunteers to study, who were mainly the children of powerful and influential families in the society of Iran at that time, the wheel of education was turned at high levels. Dar al-Fonun became MoreWith the establishment of the Academy of Arts and the admission of the first volunteers to study, who were mainly the children of powerful and influential families in the society of Iran at that time, the wheel of education was turned at high levels. Dar al-Fonun became a major event in Iran's higher education system, and although most of its disciplines were related to natural sciences, medicine, and the military, it cannot be denied that many of its graduates in later years were able to become influential figures in the country's political and social space. The main question of this research is what effect did the thoughts and ideas of the graduates of Tehran Academy of Arts have on the Constitutional Revolution? The main hypothesis of the research is that the graduates of Dar al-Fonun became a generation of ruling critics and opposed to extremist religious prejudices, ignorance and cultural and social backwardness. They supported the constitution. In addition to studying the courses, the students of Dar-ol-Fonun were acquainted with the political situation of the country, nationalist ideas and intellectual thoughts. Some gradually became a generation of critics of the ruling class and struggled with cultural and social backwardness. In this research, an attempt will be made to study the influence of the thoughts and ideas of the graduates of Tehran Academy of Arts in the constitutional movement in a library manner and in the form of a descriptive-analytical approach. Manuscript profile -
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207 - خاندان فرات و گرایش های شیعی آنان
دکتر محمد باغستانی کوزه گر سارا زمانی رنجبر گرمرودی -
Open Access Article
208 - Explanation and description of Zulfaqar Mohammadi's Sarapanameh
Ali Heidari Nosratollah AhmadifardSarapanameh (Peikarsarayee) is a type of poetry in which the poet renders the figure of the beloved. The purpose of the poet in this type of poetry is to illustrate the body of the beloved in addition to expressing the romantic feelings. The poet like an expert painter MoreSarapanameh (Peikarsarayee) is a type of poetry in which the poet renders the figure of the beloved. The purpose of the poet in this type of poetry is to illustrate the body of the beloved in addition to expressing the romantic feelings. The poet like an expert painter represents her imaginary or real lover through words. This type of poetry is common among Kurdish, Loor and Laki poets, and usually famous poets have written one or more examples of this type of poetry. The rhyme of most of these poems is ten-syllable and they are often written in the standard language of western Iran. But the previous native poets have tried with their local language instead of the standard language of the west of the country. The late Zulfaqar Mohammadi, an unknown but talented elite poet, was one of the poets who wrote this kind of poem. This Sarapanameh is written in a new format and in syllabic rhyme. The variety of pure similes and phonology, composition, and imagery are among the most important literary features of this one. The poet's interest to local and national customs and traditions, and paying attention to the surrounding nature is exceptional in the selection of terms. Manuscript profile -
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209 - An investigation on Middling Alif, Kaf Maksor and Fake Infinitive in Taybadi Dialect
Fazlollah KhodadadiThe ancient land of Iran has a long-lasting, extensive and rich folklore with many fields of study. One of these vast ones is the study of geographical dialects. One of the old Farsi dialects of Dari is the dialect of the border town of Taybad in the eastern part of the MoreThe ancient land of Iran has a long-lasting, extensive and rich folklore with many fields of study. One of these vast ones is the study of geographical dialects. One of the old Farsi dialects of Dari is the dialect of the border town of Taybad in the eastern part of the country and neighboring Afghanistan. The common dialects in the provinces of Khorasan, due to their antiquity, great poets, and the expanse of Farsi Persian influence, have unknown hints that can be productively explained in terms of culture, linguistics and categorization. Thus, the current research studies three aspects including: word constructions types with Kaf Maksor, adjectival infinitives, and increasing Middling Alif in the Taybad dialect. The results of the present research show that the texture of the terms exemplifies the multiple meanings of Kaf Maksor in multiple textures and constructions. Besides, there are also fake infinitives with the ability to form the present tense in this dialect which makes it special; and the Middling Alif between two similar words is used with the intention of increasing practicality or exaggeration. Manuscript profile -
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210 - Linguistic Revelation and Phenomenology of Revelation Based on the Prophetic Dreams (Arbitration between theories of "revelation of the Qur'anic word" and "revelation dreaming", based on some verses of the Qur'an)
sakine chamanpima abbas homamy Ebrahim KalantariThe Theory of "Revelation of the Qur'anic Rhetoric and Theological Structure" has been the dominant theory among Islamic scholars on the question of what and how the Qur'anic revelation has been since the beginning of revelation and the emergence of Qur'anic commentary MoreThe Theory of "Revelation of the Qur'anic Rhetoric and Theological Structure" has been the dominant theory among Islamic scholars on the question of what and how the Qur'anic revelation has been since the beginning of revelation and the emergence of Qur'anic commentary and debate. However, some contemporary writers have, at a rare glance, believed that the Qur'an was a product of the spiritual encounter of Prophet Muhammad in the dream world, in which truths were revealed to him has been released by the Prophet in Arabic rhetoric and structure. This descriptive-analytic library research based on five groups of Qur'anic verses which, in their own words or verses, have considered the Qur'anic rhetoric and theological structure as well as its content from God. It argues that the theory of "revelation of the Qur'anic word" is a solid theory derived from many verses of the Holy Quran, and that the "dreamlike revelation" view is incompatible with a large collection of Quranic verses. Manuscript profile -
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211 - Zobdatol Favayed, an Anonymous Culture in the History of Persian Lexicography
yahya kardgar Ali SoleimaniThe culture of "Zobdatol Favayed" written by the tenth-century Afghan author Shirkhan Soor is one of the valuable but unknown and unknown cultures of the age of Indian lexicography, which despite its great value, has not received much attention from scholars and scholar MoreThe culture of "Zobdatol Favayed" written by the tenth-century Afghan author Shirkhan Soor is one of the valuable but unknown and unknown cultures of the age of Indian lexicography, which despite its great value, has not received much attention from scholars and scholars. In this monolingual encyclopedic dictionary, Shir Khan Sour has explained about twenty thousand words, compositions and terms in Persian to Persian. Apart from the above lexical range and detailed scope of this work, in this culture, other basic features such as the use of known and unknown cultures of the past and the present, attention to the words and terms of masterpieces of Persian poetry, providing abundant Persian poetic evidence and Arabic, explanation of verses, the problem of Persian literature texts and quotations of commentators in the description of verses, translation of Arabic evidences, critical view of Persian cultures, etc. can be seen that has given a good comprehensiveness to this culture. Although the diversity of the interventions of this culture is its strong point, but sometimes it has caused mistakes while explaining the interventions, and the elimination of these mistakes requires a critical look at correcting this culture. Due to the great importance and neglect of this culture, the authors are correcting this precious work and will try to provide a worthy correction of this anonymous Persian language work soon with a critical look. In this study, due to the anonymity of Zobdatol Favayed and the unknown of Shir Khan Sour, an attempt is made to. Manuscript profile -
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212 - .
Saeed Abedini Azizollah Tavakoli Kafi Abad Mahmood Sadeghzadeh -
Open Access Article
213 - The first Persian poet of Esfahan
mahdi NoorianDuring one hundred years of Persian literature, Persian poets of Esfahan were brilliant. The famous sixth century poet, JAMALOODIN ABDOLRAZAGH ESFAHANI is known by everybody. However, have already been Persian poets in Esfahan before sixth century? The following verse f MoreDuring one hundred years of Persian literature, Persian poets of Esfahan were brilliant. The famous sixth century poet, JAMALOODIN ABDOLRAZAGH ESFAHANI is known by everybody. However, have already been Persian poets in Esfahan before sixth century? The following verse from JAMALOODIN ABDOLRAZAGH ESFAHANI shows that the poet and his contemporaries consider themselves the remainder of early poets. HAKIM SANAIE GHAZNAVI in his Divan has mentioned a poet namely ZOLLESANAIN and described him in an ode which show the described poet is one of the oldest Persian poet of Esfahan .This poet is ABOLFATH MOHAMAD EBN ALI EBN MOHAMAD ESFAHANI. His elderly life is coincided by the birth of JAMALODIN ABDOLRAZAGH. Unfortunately there is no remaining Divan except few verses in the book of ALMOJAM FI MAYER ALASHAR ALAJAM .this paper is an attempt for recognizing verses from this poet. Manuscript profile -
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214 - Hamze, Alef, Vav, Ha, Ya
mohammadjavad shariatThere are some letters of alphabet in Persian language which have exceptional impact on word formation and hence its spelling. Being unaware of their rules, one might make some mistakes branding him as unknowledgeable. This paper, which actually pursues Dr. Ahmad Tamim MoreThere are some letters of alphabet in Persian language which have exceptional impact on word formation and hence its spelling. Being unaware of their rules, one might make some mistakes branding him as unknowledgeable. This paper, which actually pursues Dr. Ahmad Tamimdari's article entitled "Verb-ending Pronouns and Their Writing Methods in Persian Orthography" published in the fifth edition of Literary Researches Quarterly, makes an attempt to provide the reader with a detailed and intensive analysis of the way Hamze, Alef, Vav, Ha, Ya are written in Persian and how they might undergo alterations. The author believes that, such an analysis can be of great use for the students and those who seek an interest in Persian language and its orthography. It has also been endeavored to express the rules and significant points in the simplest way possible, and the inclusion of new terminology in which Iranian linguists are very much interested have been avoided. On the contrary, the author tried to define and justify the traditional literature and linguistic terms, so that no punctuation is observed between our young researchers and their traditional culture and literature. Writing this paper, the author had no alternative but getting involved in grammatical fields, phonetic alterations, alphabetical conversion, and the related terminology. Thus despite the hard effort to express them in the simplest way, the outcome has turned out to be a detailed one. If we intended to be still more economical in this respect, it would be very likely for our mutual understanding with the reader to be distorted. The reason for selecting these five letters is that, they are greatly dependent on each other, and if one was ignored, the chain would most probably be torn up, and their dispersion would cause nothing but imperfection. The author has put the issue forward in the hope of paving the way for critical discussion in the field, and it can be considered as a sign of success if such a result is obtained. Manuscript profile -
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215 - Factors Related to Married Men Tend to Relationships Outside Marriage (Married Men of the Shiraz City)
نبی الله ایدر مرضیه مردانیA new phenomenon, complex and challenging in the current era of family stability and social security alarm sounded and the attention of authorities and scholars of the family, socializing with girls married men and women. Social factors involved in the occurrence of thi MoreA new phenomenon, complex and challenging in the current era of family stability and social security alarm sounded and the attention of authorities and scholars of the family, socializing with girls married men and women. Social factors involved in the occurrence of this phenomenon is that these articles are examined. Study and a questionnaire survey among 543 males Shiraz classification practices were selected quota was conducted. The face validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient 2/90 percent. Data using SPSS 23 software both descriptive and analysis (Spearman correlation coefficient) were analyzed. The results indicate that the association between religiosity and sexual satisfaction among married couples of the opposite sex and there is a significant negative relationship between emotional deficiency partner, marital conflicts, the desire to experiment with multiple people, see pictures Sexy, view movies vulgar, violent and unhealthy and unrealistic view of sex, sexual diversity, education, use of the internet, satellite connection and heterosexual men also there is a significant positive relationship. Manuscript profile -
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216 - ارزشگذاری حفاظتی دژ قلعه رودخان : رفتارهای مخالف، نامطمئن و بدونتمایل
امین دلاور مهیار جماعتی نسیم پاکبازارزشگذاری اقتصادی اماکن تاریخی، کلیدی ترین اقدام برای برنامه ریزی توسعه روستایی جهت مدیریت، حفظ و حراست از آنها میباشد. این مطالعه تمایل به پرداخت حفاظتی بازدیدکنندگان از دژ قلعه رودخان(دژ سَکسار) از طریق ارزش گذاری مشروط با روش انتخاب یک و نیم بعدی برآورد میکند. در Moreارزشگذاری اقتصادی اماکن تاریخی، کلیدی ترین اقدام برای برنامه ریزی توسعه روستایی جهت مدیریت، حفظ و حراست از آنها میباشد. این مطالعه تمایل به پرداخت حفاظتی بازدیدکنندگان از دژ قلعه رودخان(دژ سَکسار) از طریق ارزش گذاری مشروط با روش انتخاب یک و نیم بعدی برآورد میکند. در این تحقیق بر رفتارهای بی تفاوت، نامطمئن و معترض که میتواند همزمان در مطالعات ارزشگذاری مشروط رخ دهد، تاکید کردهایم. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد 75% درصد از افراد در برنامه حفاظت از دژ تاریخی سکسار تمایل به پرداخت دارند؛ مابقی افراد به سه گروه بدون تمایل به پرداخت با فراوانی4%، مخالفان با 20% و نامطمئن با 1% تقسیم میشوند. میانگین تمایل به پرداخت حفاظتی، در کل افراد نمونه، معادل 22650ریال و مازاد رفاه سالانه بازدیدکنندگان، 38.5 میلیارد تومان برآورد شده است. میانگین تمایل به پرداخت در گروه اخلاقگرا،25720 و در گروه پیامدگرا ،26930 ریال برآورد شده است. همچنین گروه بدون تمایل به پرداخت یا صفر مطلق، 7 نفر بوده و در توجیه دلایل خود: عدم توانایی مالی( 86%) و ضروری نبودن برنامه حفاظت (14%) را اظهار داشتند. گروه مخالفان برنامه نیز33 نفر بودند که دلایلی مانند: وظیفه دولت بودن(38%)،پرداخت توسط ساکنین روستا (3%)، مشارکت توسط بازدیدکنندگان غیربومی(56%) و عدم ارائه اطلاعات لازم(3%) را اعلام نمودند. Manuscript profile -
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217 - صور خیال و الفبای فارسی
حسن قریبی -
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218 - اثر نقش ادراک و شخصیت مصرف کنندگان بر قصد خرید خودروهای هیبریدی
الهه طاهری طاهره حسومی -
Open Access Article
219 - Study on the rheological behaviour and the elasticity of polyolefin terblends having various compositions
somayeh mohamadian mona taheri -
Open Access Article
220 - Simulation of increasing of light olefins production yield from methanol using HZSM-5 zeolite catalysis
محمد رستمی زاده پیمان تقوی حسین حضرتیLight olefins (ethylene, propylene, and butylene) can be produced from methanol through non-oil route. In this study, HZSM-5 catalyst was synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE- MoreLight olefins (ethylene, propylene, and butylene) can be produced from methanol through non-oil route. In this study, HZSM-5 catalyst was synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), N2 adsorption-desorption (BET), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and NH3 temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD) analysis. The catalysis included microsphere morphology which led to mesoporous structure formation and acceleration of diffusion. Based on characterization, the catalysis represented high crystallinity, high surface area and appropriate acidity properties. The results showed that the catalysis provided high methanol conversion (99.5%), selectivity of light olefins (82%), and long-term catalytic lifetime (72h). In order to increase the production yield, suitable reaction groups and kinetics in consistent with the catalysis performance was determined and methanol to olefin (MTO) process was simulated. The simulation results showed well agreement with the experimental data. Optimization of kinetic and operational parameters of MTO resulted in high methanol conversion and light olefins selectivity as 100 % and 94.1 %, respectively. The catalysis performance in the MTO process under the optimized operational conditions was confirmed the simulation results which indicated practicality of applied simulation and optimization Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - Critique and analysis of five translations of the Quran (Tabari, Abu al-Futuh, Makarem, Fooladvand and Ansarian) focusing on Sur Maki
Maryam Hoseini Hamidreza Mustafid Nafiseh NawidThe Qur'an is a large text with its own unique characteristics; With an eloquent and eloquent expression worthy of reflection; That is why it is the source of inspiration and extraction of the rules of rhetoric. On the other hand, since this divine book opens various pe MoreThe Qur'an is a large text with its own unique characteristics; With an eloquent and eloquent expression worthy of reflection; That is why it is the source of inspiration and extraction of the rules of rhetoric. On the other hand, since this divine book opens various perspectives and horizons for them in proportion to the understanding of its audience, it is considered as a point of departure and a source of attention for interpretation in the Islamic world. Therefore, the translator and interpreter of this text must have the necessary scientific competencies and sufficient knowledge of linguistic subtleties and rhetorical sciences; And the lack of sufficient mastery over the mentioned cases and lack of knowledge of how to pronounce the words of the Qur'an and the meanings and individual and compound rules and meanings in those words, etc. will cause a defect in the correct and accurate translation and interpretation of the verses. This research, which is written in a descriptive-analytical manner (using written library tools), tries to explain the correct method of critique, relying on the subject of "exclusion and Qasr (a branch of semantics), to compare and contrast five translations of Surah Makki. Based on this analysis and analogy, let us first get a more accurate understanding of the verse in question, and in The degree of observance of the early and later translators (Tabari, Razi, Fooladvand, Makarem and Ansarian) is determined in the discussion of the siege.consideredkənˈsidərdTranslations of consideredAdjectiveFrequencyمطرح شدهconsideredبا اندیشه صحیحconsideredسنجیدهweighed, considered, thought-outبافکر باز و درستconsideredDefinitions of consideredAdjective1having been thought about carefully.I may not have time to give a considered reply to suggestionsExamples of consideredI may not have time to give a considered reply to suggestionsSynonyms of considerVerbthink aboutsize upregard astake into considerationlook atcheck out78 more synonymsSee alsoconsider Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - The role of concise knowledge in determining the actuality of rulings from the perspective of Akhund Khorasani and Imam Khomeini
Khadijah Ahmadi BighashIn the science of principles, science is divided into two categories of details and conciseness. These two sciences help the mujtahid and the jurist in expressing and discovering the religious rules. Detailed science means that the principle of the task is clear, but co MoreIn the science of principles, science is divided into two categories of details and conciseness. These two sciences help the mujtahid and the jurist in expressing and discovering the religious rules. Detailed science means that the principle of the task is clear, but concise science means comprehensive knowledge with doubt in its place of establishment. So, there is a consensus that this science is as comprehensive as its homework, but the task of concise science is more controversial than more comprehensive. Now the question is what are the effects of the necessity of definite agreement or the sanctity of definite opposition in general science, from the point of view of Akhund Khorasani and Imam Khomeini in expressing the rulings. A descriptive-analytical study of this issue shows that Akhund Khorasani (RA) in general science, my act is in all respects, so his definite opposition is forbidden, and his definite agreement is obligatory. But if the concise knowledge of Lamen's actuality had all aspects, the concise knowledge in both positions includes task-making. Imam Khomeini (ra), unlike the late mullah (ra), believes that with the existence of concise knowledge in the necessity of definite agreement, definite opposition is forbidden and a possible agreement is sufficient. That is, there is no need to leave everyone around the issue. This makes it not permissible to commit an ugly act in the event of a conflict with a stronger corruptor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - A philosophical-theological research on the Faithfulness of the Qur'anic verses
Muhammad Baqir Ameri NiaOne of the issues that is important in terms of the Qur'anic and can be said in our time as a verbal or semiotic question is the issue of "the revelation of Quranic words and phrases". The claim that all the words of the Holy Qur'an, including the literal letters and wo MoreOne of the issues that is important in terms of the Qur'anic and can be said in our time as a verbal or semiotic question is the issue of "the revelation of Quranic words and phrases". The claim that all the words of the Holy Qur'an, including the literal letters and words of divine revelation, should be put forward in a scientific and reasoning form. The present article, recalling the statements of some Islamic theologians and religious scholars and other religious scholars and referring to some rational evidences, and specifically narrates on the abundance of Quranic verses, seeks to prove this, the claim that one observes It is one of the most basic Islamic beliefs and is of particular importance. The rational-narrative and Qur'anic compilation typology and the position of the word in this insight make the present view more than a mere spiritualistic view of the Qur'an. Therefore, this article is a philosophical-theological research in the field of divine revelation and the Qur'anic study of the revelation claim Being the words of the Quran, in addition to its meaning, is insistent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
224 - Deviation from Norms in Saéb Tabrizi’s Poetry
mohamad hakim azar Saeb Tabrizi has dual look at the character of Khidr. Sometimes he is in line with literary tradition and confirms the character of this prophet. And yet at other times while considering himself free from “water of immortality” and “et More Saeb Tabrizi has dual look at the character of Khidr. Sometimes he is in line with literary tradition and confirms the character of this prophet. And yet at other times while considering himself free from “water of immortality” and “eternal life”, rejects what Khidr stands for. This view has had profound impact on Islamic mysticism. The present article is to take this dual look in Saéb Tabrizi’s poems into consideration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - زبان و مسائل پیرامون آن در مثنوی معنوی
سعید گراوند -
Open Access Article
226 - The Influence of the Poets of the 3rd and 4th Centuries A.H. on Hāfiz
هاشم محمدی Although Hafiz (1326-1390), considered as one of the greatest Persian lyric poets, was influenced by his predecessors, he developed his own style and created brilliant new themes. The present article aims to show the influences the poets of the 3rd and 4th cent More Although Hafiz (1326-1390), considered as one of the greatest Persian lyric poets, was influenced by his predecessors, he developed his own style and created brilliant new themes. The present article aims to show the influences the poets of the 3rd and 4th centuries A.H. had on Hāfiz with respect to concepts, themes, poetic diction, rhyming rhythm, rime, and rhetorical figures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - The Efficacy of Multi-Component Instruction on Children with Special Learning Disorder in Spelling: A Single-Case Experimental Design Study
Hamidreza Hassanabadi Razieh Tayyebi Parvin Kadivar Dyslexia is a disorder that affects reading and spelling, but in fact, poor spelling is often described as the hallmark of dyslexia. Unfortunately, researchers have focused mainly on reading interventions and equal emphasis on timely interventions on spelling has More Dyslexia is a disorder that affects reading and spelling, but in fact, poor spelling is often described as the hallmark of dyslexia. Unfortunately, researchers have focused mainly on reading interventions and equal emphasis on timely interventions on spelling has been neglected. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a multi-component spelling instruction in 4 students with specific learning disorder in spelling in an ABA design. Intervention was presented in 12 sessions and data were analyzed using visual analysis and quantitative methods by R software. Non-overlap of all pair's analysis (NAP) confirmed a significant increase in the spelling performance of 4 participants compared to baseline. In addition, findings did not show a significant reduction in participants' performance between the intervention phase and the maintenance phase (A2). Findings of this study seem promising to provide a multicomponent approach to treatment of multi-component deficits in specific learning disorders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - جستاری بر بیع عین موقوفه بانگاهی برقلیل الفایده شدن آن
محمد روحانی مقدم جمشید مهرآسا -
Open Access Article
229 - تحلیل رای دیوان بین المللی دادگستری در قضیه مربوط به اعمال کنوانسیون منع و مجازات جزم کشتار جمعی از نگاه قضات دیوان (بوسنی هرزگوین علیه جمهوری صربستان)
حمید الهویی نظری -
Open Access Article
230 - Analysis of Applied Different Strategies in Two Persian Translations of Dubliners with Respect to House’s Model
Akram HashemiThe book Dubliners, by James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941) was an Irish novelist, poet and literary critic, translated into Persian by several translators, this paper focus on Mr. Parviz Darush and Nader Sheikh Zadegan, whose transla MoreThe book Dubliners, by James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941) was an Irish novelist, poet and literary critic, translated into Persian by several translators, this paper focus on Mr. Parviz Darush and Nader Sheikh Zadegan, whose translations are analyzed qualitatively and descriptively in this article. This book contains 15 stories. In short, Evelin's story is based on House's theory, which is a qualitative model for evaluating the quality of translation. In this part, Mr. Darush translated literally and did not pay attention to the new words.It is the same in other parts. The tone and style of Parviz Dariush is old and the words he used are not for the present time, but they were translated by Sheikh Zadegan .In general, in the translation of books with short stories translated in the style that these cases have been described in different places by Mr. Dariush. Because writing in this way has a smooth tone and it seems and even some parts of the text have not been translated. While.Mr. Sheikh Zadegan used the method of sense and hidden meaning, which means creating sense and meaning for translation, while Mr. Darush used open translation and tried to translate literally. In this article, by presenting examples of stories in the book cheek and explain the ways of using House’s theory strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - Descriptive-analytical study of political commitment in the poetry of Izz al-Din Mahyoubi relying on the court of Gharabin Lilmilad Al-Fajr
Hamze Ahmed Osman Masoud Bavan Puri Narges Lorestani Hadiseh MotevalliPalestine problem is a global problem which has had a special manifestation in the contemporary poetry and people suffering pain of the bitter colonization and occupation around the world, have paid special attention to it. Libertarians and freedom fighters from differe MorePalestine problem is a global problem which has had a special manifestation in the contemporary poetry and people suffering pain of the bitter colonization and occupation around the world, have paid special attention to it. Libertarians and freedom fighters from different countries and with different languages have spoken about the oppression and persecution of the usurpers of the olive land and have protested against it. Algerian poets, who have tasted the bitterness of colonialism themselves, have paid special attention to Palestine in their poems. Izz al-Din Mahyoubi is one of these poets whom various aspects of Palestine Issue could be observed in his poems. He has considered critically the Palestinian children martyrdom is. He considers Qods as his own homeland and has always considered the children sling martyrs alive. Using descriptive-analytical approach, this paper attempt to explain and analyze the poems of this Algerian poet on Palestine and his commitment on it by reviewing Court "Gharabin Lilmilad Al-Fajr" . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - Criticisms made on the book “Al-'Iqd al-Farid (The Unique Necklace)” from Ibn 'Abd Rabbih
Leila Bijani Enayat Allah Fatehi NejadAl-'Iqd al-Farid (The Unique Necklace) by an Andalusian scholar and poet named Ibn 'Abd Rabbih, is one of the major source of Arabic literature, history and culture. This book has been criticized by writers and critics since the author’s time. One of these critici MoreAl-'Iqd al-Farid (The Unique Necklace) by an Andalusian scholar and poet named Ibn 'Abd Rabbih, is one of the major source of Arabic literature, history and culture. This book has been criticized by writers and critics since the author’s time. One of these criticisms which has been discussed so many times is the issue of Ibn 'Abd Rabbih’s adaptation from other author’s works and since some of chapters and contents of this book is similar to the book of “Eun al-Akhbar”, some people accused him of plagiarizing someone else work. Other criticism made on this book includes elimination of Sindh Dynasty, lack of Andalusian literature, and particular irregularity. In this paper, the authors tried to initially discuss and define these critiques, and then answer each one of them separately by considering the cultural and social conditions of that period of time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - الفیّه «نیّر» و جایگاه آن در بین انواع ادبی
محمد فرهمند -
Open Access Article
234 - آراءالفلاسفهی منسوب به آمونیوس
عبدالمجید حیرت سجادی -
Open Access Article
235 - Water- Balance and Agro- climatic Analysis in Shiraz Region, By Thornthwaite's methods
Abbas Ali AbounooriDrought is a random characteristic of natural phenomena, brought about by the irregulardeficit or shortage of available water, affects injuriously the plant growth and reduces their yield. Drought does not begin when rain ceases but rather only when plant roots can no l MoreDrought is a random characteristic of natural phenomena, brought about by the irregulardeficit or shortage of available water, affects injuriously the plant growth and reduces their yield. Drought does not begin when rain ceases but rather only when plant roots can no longer obtain soil moisture in needed amounts. To estimate the intensity and the frequency of droughts will help to reduce the injurious effect of drought. In this Study we used the water- budget methods and Thornthwaite's aridity index and its standard deviation for Shiraz during 88<8-9228 to show the frequency and the intensity of drought effects in this place. During this period this station is faced :< times different type of droughts on that five time severe and from the years of 9222 its severity and intensity is increased. We also find out that every ten year this station will affect : times severe type of drought. The most severe drought was the years 9228,and it was repeated lower intensity in the year of 9221 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - A Qualitative study Backgrounds of girls toward Oppossite Gender (Case study: Girl students of Islamic Azad University, Ilam Branch)
heshmat ghobadiA mutual relationship between male and female gender is common in all communities, but its representation in every culture is specific with various exposure, or treatment. From its emergence to present, this phenomenon has burdened so many qualitative and quantitative c MoreA mutual relationship between male and female gender is common in all communities, but its representation in every culture is specific with various exposure, or treatment. From its emergence to present, this phenomenon has burdened so many qualitative and quantitative changes and reprodsced in various forms; also it will couse changes in family institution in the fature. Research methodology is based on qualitative technique. Main data gathering tools is a questionnaire. Samples were selected objectively by means of the oretical saturation criterion, Data analysis resulted in finding some implications in regard to girls’ inclination toward opposite gender. In comprehensive objective- based typology, main reasons of girls’ inclination toward this relationship are including: opposite gender recognition, marriage, diversityism, pleasure. Research results showed that in personal context, emotional and sexual needs, pleasure, entertainment and marriage, and in social context, peer pressure, media consumption, the quality of child- parent relationship, in cultural context, transvaluation, obliteration of abomirable act are among main factor effective on relationship to opposite gender. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - The jurisprudential nature of the requirements of the second step statement of the revolution
Mahdieh Yousefi majid vaziri Yaghoti YaghotiForty years after the establishment of the Islamic Republic in Iran, the System L ead er as the highest authority in the country, Based on fears and hopes of following the right and wrong path in the past and present, Issued the “ Dec MoreForty years after the establishment of the Islamic Republic in Iran, the System L ead er as the highest authority in the country, Based on fears and hopes of following the right and wrong path in the past and present, Issued the “ Declaration of the Second Step of the Re volution ” . Researching about the c onsideration of the Declaration as Normative Ethics or Shari'a Rulings or Mandatory or Guiding O rders, and generally explain the relationship between the Declaration and “ governmental jurisprudence ” or “ jurisprudential government ” , has provided a broad research platform for jurisprudential and legal researchers. The Declaration contains sentences and phrases about justice, the fight against corruption, the resistance economy, independence, freedom, national dignity, and the like, which was mainly associated with the “should be” and “should not be” and its mandatory aspect is clear and obvious. The present article has tried to examine the type of requirements of the Declaration from a jurisprudential perspective and concluded that due to the variety of Declaration Requirements, we cannot list all of them in one legal entity . Although some of them can be included under the mandatory Orders , but many of them are Shari'a rulings and Rational Independents that the Supreme Leader has encouraged the nation and the authorities to implement them Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - The Literary and Artistic Function of ( Aa – alef in Farsi ) in the works of Azarbaijani Style Poets ( Khagani Shervani – Nezami Ganjavi – Mojiroddin Bilagani – Falaki Shervani )
Gholamreza HeidariAbstract Aa or alef is the first letter in the Farsi and the Arabic language and the first letter in jamal and abjad system which denotes " one " and it is the code of " thoor " month ( Ordibehesht ). In mystical, gramma MoreAbstract Aa or alef is the first letter in the Farsi and the Arabic language and the first letter in jamal and abjad system which denotes " one " and it is the code of " thoor " month ( Ordibehesht ). In mystical, grammatical and philosophical literature it is an allusion to the unique existence of God, the great omnipotent abstract and unquestionable soul. Because of this specific stance, it is the most prolific letter in constructing the theme and poetic atmosphere and meaningful interpretations in the great poets of azarbaijani style like Khagani Shervani, Nezami Ganjavi, Mojiroddin Bilagani and Falaki Shervani. In most of their poems " alef " means: previous, leader, chairman and famous. It also denotes the harmonic, inflexible, direct and graceful stature. In some other occasions it means honor, pride, thinness, weakness , uprising and endurance. Alef loves its own stature, it is rebellious and has lippy character; but at the same time it is silent. It is considered the poorest element. It brings to mind nakedness, joy carelessness, bondness and adornment . It also incarnates the solitude, and loneliness, righteousness and purity. Alef is motionless. The whole letters and numbers revolve around it. Alef is the first letter of creation. At the same time it shows minuteness. It is one of the most prolific attributances in the Persian literature and the poets have linked the throne, crescent, club, pen, finger, cypress, and slimness to alef. We have tried , in this article, to elaborate the function of alef in the Azarbaijani style poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - A Study on the The Great Faramarznameh Editing
Mahmoud Rezaei Dasht Arzhaneh fatemeh sadeghi ghodratollah rasmThe Great Faramarznameh is one of the most important heroic poems after the Shahnameh, which was written at the end of the fifth century AH based on the prose text of the same name, and the description of Faramarz's works is about the elder son of Rostam. The anonymous MoreThe Great Faramarznameh is one of the most important heroic poems after the Shahnameh, which was written at the end of the fifth century AH based on the prose text of the same name, and the description of Faramarz's works is about the elder son of Rostam. The anonymous poet of this poem has been able to compose the great Faramarznameh in 5442 verses in an epic style and with an epic tone, which is remarkable both linguistically and contains an important part of the epic narrations of the Rostam family. Mariolin van Zoutfen and Abolfazl Khatibi have made a worthy and wise correction of this work based on three manuscripts. In this paper, while introducing this scientific correction, an attempt has been made to provide suggested recordings about the some verses of this poem by resorting to in-text and extra-textual sources to remove some of the ambiguities of this work. Finally, for about 44 verses of this work, a suggested recording is provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
240 - An Introduction to knowing Partoe Esfehani
Hojjat TavassoliMirza Ali Reza, known as Mirza Agha Jan and his nom de plume Partoe, the poet and calligrapher of thirteenth century (19th century A.D) lived sometime in between the years 1213-1304. He was one of the outstanding calligraphers of Naser al -Din Shah Court and his c MoreMirza Ali Reza, known as Mirza Agha Jan and his nom de plume Partoe, the poet and calligrapher of thirteenth century (19th century A.D) lived sometime in between the years 1213-1304. He was one of the outstanding calligraphers of Naser al -Din Shah Court and his calligraphic collection together with his guilded Koran is kept in Malek and Royal libraries. His anthology includes, lyric ghazals, odes, and literary pieces composed on variety of subjects such as praise, description, sermon, and philosophy and was corrected and published by the writer of this article. The Renaissance Style in Partoe’s Poetry is evident and in this sense it is a reminder of Poetry of Saadi, Hafez and other predecessors. Also, his mastery in composing historical issues is another characteristic feature of his poetry which is more concerned with the repair and renovation and construction of mosques in Esfehan, and date of death of his contemporary poets which is often called upon by historians. This article attempts to portray him as a prominent poet and calligrapher in Gajar period. Manuscript profile
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