sun

Open Access Article

1 - Explaining the necessity of good governance from the perspective of the Holy Quran and the Sunnah of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH)
Motahara Salehi mohamad ghasemi

Government is one of the basic needs to provide human perfection in the religion of Islam, and its political and social dimensions should be examined from the Quranic perspective. An analysis of the exact meaning of governance in Islamic teachings, the Quranic indicator More

Government is one of the basic needs to provide human perfection in the religion of Islam, and its political and social dimensions should be examined from the Quranic perspective. An analysis of the exact meaning of governance in Islamic teachings, the Quranic indicators of good governance by studying the verses of the Holy Quran, the importance of justice as an important approach in governance today, and also the paradigm of "good governance" as a common and dominant way to manage society in the world. The current research, in terms of the goal, is classified as developmental and applied research, and its method is descriptive-analytical. According to the nature and type of the subject under study, the collection of information was based on library and documentary methods. In this article, while referring to some verses of the Holy Quran, with the aim of answering this question, explaining the necessity of good governance from the perspective of the Holy Quran and the Sunnah. How is the Prophet of Islam (PBUH)? Been paid. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - The measurement and analysis of sunflower producers, technical efficiency in khoy
ali bagerzadeh

Regarding the importance of sunflower in production of nuts and oil, it has been tried to calculate the production function of sunflower growers in khoy. To this purpose the timer linear programming (LP) method was used, which was based on a field research, using the cr More

Regarding the importance of sunflower in production of nuts and oil, it has been tried to calculate the production function of sunflower growers in khoy. To this purpose the timer linear programming (LP) method was used, which was based on a field research, using the cross sectional data in 1387. The results obtained showed that the average technical efficiency of sunflower growers in Khoy was about %53, which in dicated the %47 wastage of the production resources. It was recognized that the lack of training and agricultural extension services were the effective social factors in technical workability of sunflower growers in Khoy. In conclusion, we suggest the governmental authorities to increase the allocated budget to promote the versatility of the sunflower growers and eliminate the unnecessary losses. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Effects of nitrogen levels and intercropping ratios on yield of intercropping of corn and sunflower in Khouzestan conditions
nader moosavian

To study the effect of intercropping and nitrogen fertilizer treatments on the grain yield, a field experiment was conducted at the research farm of the Islamic Azad Uuiversity, Shooshtar, in 2005. The planting methods were laid out in a randomized complete block design More

To study the effect of intercropping and nitrogen fertilizer treatments on the grain yield, a field experiment was conducted at the research farm of the Islamic Azad Uuiversity, Shooshtar, in 2005. The planting methods were laid out in a randomized complete block design in split-plot arrangements keeping different nitrogen rates, (50, 100 and 150 kg from urea resource) as main plots and various rates of intercropping corn-sunflower as sub plots with three replications. The intercropping treatments were S1 (100% sunflower), S2 (25% corn plus 75% sunflower), S3 (50% corn plus 50% sunflower), S4 (75% corn plus 25% sunflower) and S5 (100% corn). The results of the study indicated that seed yield of sunflower and grain yield of corn, total yield of sunflower and corn, 1000-seed weight and oil percentage of sunflower were significant. But 1000-grain weight and the grain number per pod wasn’t significant. The highest grain yield observed in N2S1 and N3S5 for sunflower and corn, was respectively (462 and 1319 per gr.m-2). In intercropping got the highest and the lowest seed yield of sunflower to pure stand and in S3, and at corn got to pure stand and in S4, respectively. An increase in nitrogen proportion raised the land equivalent ratio (LER). The highest and the lowest land equivalent ratio for grain yield were observed in hybrid levels of S4 and S3, respectively. The highest and the lowest land equivalent ratio (LER) were relevant to N1S2 and N3S4 (1.85 and 1.08, respectively). In addition, the highest and the lowest relative crowding coefficient (K) were relevant to N3S4 and N3S2 (0.2 and 7.2, respectively). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Effect of Planting Date and Weed Control Methods on Yield and Vegetative Traits of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Khoy Region
مجتبي اكبري sasan rezadust

To determine the effects of planting date and different methods of weed control on the agronomic traits of sunflower, an experiment was carried out in Khandizaj region Khoy in year 2009. A factorial experiment based on a Randomized Complete Blocks Design with four repli More

To determine the effects of planting date and different methods of weed control on the agronomic traits of sunflower, an experiment was carried out in Khandizaj region Khoy in year 2009. A factorial experiment based on a Randomized Complete Blocks Design with four replications was conducted. Experimental parameters consisted of planting date in three levels (April 4th, May 5th and June 5th) and methods of weed control in five levels (Trifluralin + Focus, Trifluralin + Nabo-S, Trifluralin, hand weeding and the without control). The results indicated that the date of planting and weed control methods had meaningful effects on the following features: Bush height, Stem diameter, biological yield and grain and oil yields. However, oil percentage was affected by the date of planting. The most important weeds included: common lambsquarter (Chenopodium album L.), field bind weed (Convolvulus arvensis L.), bastard cabbage (Rapistrum rugosum L.), flower-of-an-hour (Hibiscus trionum L.), cockspur grass (Echinochloa crus-galli L.) and green bristl grass (Setaria viridis L.). It was observed that in different planting dates, the dry material weight was varied in each one of the species. So on April the 4th, the dry material weight of common lambsquarter and bastard cabbage, in the third planting date dry material weight of cockspur grass, green bristl and flower-of-an-hour were the highest. Trifluralin herbicide was weaker than hand weeding in the case of Convolvulus and Hibiscus. Among two post emergence herbicides Nabo-S and Focus, there were not statistically significant difference in the control of thin leaf weeds. The interaction of two factors on features like bush height, stem diameter, grain yield, biological yield, oil yield and weeds dry material weight was significant. In conclusion, the current research demonstrated that 5th of May planting and using pre-emergence herbicide Trifluralin and post-emergence herbicides Focus and Nabo-S were suitable for maximum growth rate in this region. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The Fatimid's Policies towards their Sunni Subjects during the Invitation Period and at the Beginnings of the Formation of the State
سید جمال موسوی نگار ذیلابی

Two founders of Fatimid caliphates were Abu cAbd Allah al- Shici andcUbayd allah al- Mahdi. They had different behavior with their Sunnisubjects in two different era, i.e., invitation time and then at thebeginnings of the formation of the state in Ifriqiyya. Taking into More

Two founders of Fatimid caliphates were Abu cAbd Allah al- Shici andcUbayd allah al- Mahdi. They had different behavior with their Sunnisubjects in two different era, i.e., invitation time and then at thebeginnings of the formation of the state in Ifriqiyya. Taking intoconsideration those policies and behaviors, this article shows thatthere is a significant difference between the former caliphate and thelatter with regard to the status of Sunnites. While Abu cAbd Allahfollowed a policy of toleration towards the Sunnites, al-Mahdi wasprejudiced against them. Apart from their individual characteristics,the obvious difference was a result of the socio-political conditions.Historians told that Abu cAbd Allah's policy was according to thenecessities of the missionary or invitation period on which it wasgoing to fascinate hearts of the religious opponents to pave the wayfor the formation of the new state, but cUbayd Allah's policy wasaimed at stabilizing of the state by emphasizing on Ismacili identity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - A Reinterpretation Some of Movements and Revolts in Great KhurÁsÁn
مسعود صفری

After annihilation of Umawid dynasty, non–Muslim residents ofKhurÁsÁn started to express their dissatisfaction in the form ofpolitical and religious movements and revolts such as: Beh Afarid,SunbÁz, etc. These revolts reflected the economic an More

After annihilation of Umawid dynasty, non–Muslim residents ofKhurÁsÁn started to express their dissatisfaction in the form ofpolitical and religious movements and revolts such as: Beh Afarid,SunbÁz, etc. These revolts reflected the economic and social requests,as well as religious motivations and mentality of non–Muslimresidents in KhurÁsÁn. This article reviews these revolts and inaddition discusses the mentality of non–Muslims during first centuriesof Islam, through a reinterpretation of aforementioned period. (R.H.) Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The Fundamental ShÊa Concepts in the Persian SunnÊ Man§qÊbs from the 14th to the 16th Century
Oveis Khadem-Lu Mohammad Haji Taghi

10.30495/jhcin.2023.22796

Writing Manaqib works has been one of the Hadith compilation styles. A deepening of the Shia-Sufism link, the growth of Shia societies, the absence of Imamate in Islam, and the development of a Mahdaviyya environment, transformed the Manaqib writing. This transformation More

Writing Manaqib works has been one of the Hadith compilation styles. A deepening of the Shia-Sufism link, the growth of Shia societies, the absence of Imamate in Islam, and the development of a Mahdaviyya environment, transformed the Manaqib writing. This transformation led to the growth of intellectual Sunni sect with the tendency to Shiism. This transformation was also noted in the works of Sunni authors. This study reveals how semantic developments and the role of religious, political, and social factors contribute to the question “Were the Shia thinking concepts in the Persian Sunni Manaqib works of the 14-16th centuries transformed to the benefit of Shia? This study used a historical method based on sources and the literature to suggest that in the Manaqib works of this era, there was a rising tendency to holy literature. Also, such concepts as ‘Itrat and qurbat, tavalla and tabarra and shafa’a expanded Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Ibn Saffār and the Development of Islamic Astronomy in Andalusia: Finding Qibla Direction in Kitāb al-‘amal bi-l-asṭurlāb and Balāta Sundial (at the Cordova Museum)
fatemeh rezaei yonos farahmand musa akrami Qanbarali Roudgar

10.30495/jhcin.2020.16297

Ibn Saffār(370-426 AH), was an Andalusian Muslim astronomer and mathematician who authored several works on astronomy and also constructed the oldest-Sundial of Andalusia called Balāta To determine the time of prayer in noon and possibly afternoon. Since the Qibla is on More

Ibn Saffār(370-426 AH), was an Andalusian Muslim astronomer and mathematician who authored several works on astronomy and also constructed the oldest-Sundial of Andalusia called Balāta To determine the time of prayer in noon and possibly afternoon. Since the Qibla is one of the sacred symbols of Islam, which has been at the center of Muslim attention for the centuries, finding the Qibla was especially important for this Muslim scholar. The question is how and in what way the qibla and the distance between Andalusia and Mecca have been obtained in the most famous work of Ibn Saffār, the Kitāb al-‘amal bi-l-asṭurlāb and also what were the characteristics of his “Balata” sundial?  To study this subject, it is necessary to know the mathematical methods in finding the Qibla as well as the sundials.The authors of the present paper  focus on Kitāb al-‘amal bi-l-asṭurlāb and also Balata sundial discuss about Ibn Saffar's role in the Andalusian astronomy and finding Qibla direction and determination of noon time there and based on the newly found chapters of her treatise, it has been concluded that he set the Cordoba qibla in the southeast direction and at an angle of 30 degrees to the rising sun during the winter solstice. The influence of this Astronomer from his master, “Maslama al‐Majrīṭī” (398 AH) and his attention to Kharazim's zīj, which was influenced by Zīj al-Sindhind and as well as Ptolemy's Geography indicates his reliance on Iranian, Indian and Greek sciences. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Investigating the role of Aftab Provincial Network in increasing social capital among Arak workers
amir saki

The general objective of this research is to investigate social capital among workers of Arak city with emphasis on provincial media. The research method is survey. The statistical population of all the workers of factories and factories in the small and large industria More

The general objective of this research is to investigate social capital among workers of Arak city with emphasis on provincial media. The research method is survey. The statistical population of all the workers of factories and factories in the small and large industrial enterprises of Arak city with ten and more forces are force. Among them, 400 people were selected using the Cochran formula by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Finally, 400 questionnaires Collected and analyzed. The formal validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by considering a group of experts and its structural validity using factor analysis technique and necessary corrections were made. The reliability of the questionnaire was 94% based on Cronbach's alpha test. The research results show that: Social capital among the more than half of the workers in the city of Arak is moderate to high, and there is a meaningful and positive relationship between the amount of sunshine watching and the amount of social capital. This means that by increasing the amount of sunshine watching, the amount of social capital increases and the sunshine system can succeed in increasing social capital among workers in Arak. Therefore, it can be concluded that the solar network has been successful in further increasing the components of social capital. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Assessing energy performance of simulation-powered internal sun shading devices for residential buildings in Tehran
Alireza Karimpour darab diba Iraj Etesam

Sustainable development as a process for meeting human development goals while sustaining the ability of natural systems to continue to provide the natural resources has an undeniable impact on all aspects of human life. Energy efficiency is an essential factor for sust More

Sustainable development as a process for meeting human development goals while sustaining the ability of natural systems to continue to provide the natural resources has an undeniable impact on all aspects of human life. Energy efficiency is an essential factor for sustainable development and in spite of worldwide climate change problems caused by fossil fuel use, energy consumption levels in Iran, while already high, continues to rise each year. About 40% of energy consumed by the residential buildings in this country is fossil fuel-derived. Therefore providing solutions to reduce energy consumption in this sector is very important. Tehran is largest city of Iran, and significant amounts of energy are consumed in these city. However, due to its location in semi-arid climatic region, high sun’s radiation even in winter and low relative humidity of the air, this city has a high potential for energy conservation in residential buildings. Therefore the introduction of energy efficient buildings in this city would have a significant overall impact on national energy consumption levels. Sun shading devices are one of the most efficient elements to manage the interaction between the interiors and exteriors of buildings. They can significantly reduce cooling loads, improve thermal comfort, prevent the heat loss in the winter and reduce potential glare problems in residential buildings. Sun shading devices can be categorized according to their placement as interior, exterior and mid-pane. Result of research and studies shows that the effectiveness increase 35% by using outside shade protection instead of inside one. This research is aware of this fact that optimized internal sun shading devices are not comparable with the external sun shading devices in efficiency and performance. Although due to the increased utilization of them in the residential buildings, this research studied the internal sun shading devices and determined the optimized internal sun shading system, and then analyzed its effect on the energy consumption in the residential building model. In this study at the first phase, the combination of four types of internal sun shading devices with three types of windows are evaluated by the Parasol simulation software to determine the optimized internal sun shading system. Simulations show that the double glazed transparent window with dense reflective Roller Blind (as optimized sun shading system), has most appropriate thermal behavior. At the next step, a building model as a case study (The six-story apartment in the city of Tehran) was considered for simulations of energy consumption. The Building Calc. software was applied for energy simulations and heating, cooling and total energy consumption of building was calculated with and without optimized internal sun shading system. The result shows that efficiency of internal sun shading devices increase by using dense texture, high reflectance and low transfer rate. Also only by using optimized internal sun shading system reduce energy consumption of residential buildings in Tehran up to 14%. Because of the large coordination with Iran’s economic, cultural and social conditions this method could be one of the best solutions to reduce the energy demand in residential buildings. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Parametric analysis of sunspace heating performance of building in cold climate (Case study: Sanandaj)
parisa abdekhaleghi zhale sabernezhad rima fayaz

10.30495/hoviatshahr.2022.53545.11782

Increasing energy consumption in buildings has result in environmental issues and have led many researchers to explore ways to reduce fossil fuel consumption. One of the most cost-effective and logical ways to use energy resources in residential buildings is to use pass More

Increasing energy consumption in buildings has result in environmental issues and have led many researchers to explore ways to reduce fossil fuel consumption. One of the most cost-effective and logical ways to use energy resources in residential buildings is to use passive solar systems such as sunspaces.Sunspaces are passive systems that can easily be integrated into the structure of a building, whether it is under construction or already completed. The primary role of passive sunspace systems is to collect solar energy, accumulate it inside, and transfer it to other living areas. In addition, sunspaces also serve as buffer zones, protecting the indoor space from excessive heat loss.The design of building with a sunspace can be improved if the method of energy performance simulation is accompanied by optimization algorithms. Building optimization can include a variety of goals, such as energy, environmental, economic, etc. Use of passive systems in residential buildings can provide a substantial portion of passive solar heating, but the degree of efficiency of sunlight depends on numerous parameters, such as climatic parameters. In this paper, the effects of sunspaces on energy gain and reducing energy consumption are presented. The best known stationary methods, such as those used in the EN ISO 13790 standard do not yield sufficiently accurate results. Dynamic simulation methods that can determine energy needs of buildings more precisely require computer support and more time for the simulation to be performed.The energy performance of the sunspace was calculated using parametric modeling in Grasshopper software and Rhino software and energy simulation was carried out using Energyplus. Simulations were performed according to the climate of the city of Sanadaj,which is located in a cold climate area, Meteorological data considered in the model represent a meteorological year.The proposed method of performance optimization utilizes various tools and technologies including parametric design, building simulation modeling, and Genetic Algorithms. To achieve simulation goals, different models of sunspace with different dimensions and orientations in Sanandaj have been studied. Modifications of the the models included different proportions of sunspace dimensions, orientations, , and the use of different thermal insulations.The orientation, towards the south, receives the highest energy, and with a ,20 degrees rotation to the west or east, the highest amount of energy can be gained. Examination of sunspace models with 3 percentages of window-to-wall ratio: 40%, 50% and 60% showed that the 50% percent WWR is more desirable compared to other models. The highest increase in energy absorption to help reduce the heating load during the cold season occurs when the sunspace has the longest length, ie 5 meters, because in this case, the southward is increased and the desired depth is 1 meter while by reducing or increasing this amount, solar energy gain is reduced. Also, to improve the performance of the sunspace, the use of conventional thermal insulation has been investigated. Polyurethane with a thickness of 10 cm has the lowest efficiency in terms of reducing energy consumption in the sunspace, while other insulating materials with similar thichness are more effective. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Glazed Transitional Space as a Passive Heating System (Case Study: Glazed Loggias in Semi-Arid climate)
Yasmina Bouchahm Mounira Badeche

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13 - Providing Thermal Comfort in Tourist Walkways (Case Study : Bypass Located at the Contour between Vakil Bazaar (market), Karim Khan Zand Castle and Pars Museum)
Mohammad Amin Hatami Nahal Eghtesadi

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Open Access Article

14 - Effect of different drying methods on Vitamin D content in Agaricus bisporus Mushroom
Anousheh Sharifan Mina Kouhi Qobad Asgari Jafarabadi

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15 - Comparison of three different methods for detection of corn and sunflower oils in adulterated sesame oil
Peyman Mahasti Shotorbani Hassan Hamedi Melika Zandi Maryam Fahimdanesh

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Open Access Article

16 - Nearest and farthest points in nonlinear semi inner product spaces
Hamid Mazaheri mohamad jafar salehi Saeid Alikhani

10.30495/jnrm.2022.48788.1768

In this paper, we first introduce the nearest and the farthest points in normed spaces, then introduce nonlinear semi inner product spaces, negative dual sets and sun sets. We make statements about these concepts. Define the concept of orthogonality of the nonlinear sem More

In this paper, we first introduce the nearest and the farthest points in normed spaces, then introduce nonlinear semi inner product spaces, negative dual sets and sun sets. We make statements about these concepts. Define the concept of orthogonality of the nonlinear semi inner product and describe its properties. Finally, we bring the nearest and the farthest points in linear spaces. we introduce the nearest and the farthest points in normed spaces, then introduce nonlinear semi inner product spaces, negative dual sets and sun sets. We make statements about these concepts. Define the concept of orthogonality of the nonlinear semi inner product and describe its properties. Finally, we bring the nearest and the farthest points in linear spaces. we bring the nearest and the farthest points in linear spaces. we introduce the nearest and the farthest points in normed spaces, then introduce nonlinear semi inner product spaces, negative dual sets and sun sets. We make statements about these concepts. Define the concept of orthogonality of the nonlinear semi inner product and describe its properties. Finally, we bring the nearest and the farthest points in linear spaces. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - The Effect of Perceptions of Fair Price on Samsung Consumer Shopping (Case Study: Citizens of Arak)
Ali Akbar Mirzaee Mohammad Karim ghale noei

The ever-increasing rise in the intensity of competition among organizations in the current century has led organizations to always look for solutions for competitive advantage and victory in the field of competition.  By aligning the quality of the goods of diffe More

The ever-increasing rise in the intensity of competition among organizations in the current century has led organizations to always look for solutions for competitive advantage and victory in the field of competition.  By aligning the quality of the goods of different companies and intensifying competition, the price element has become one of the most important factors in protecting and attracting customers and their loyalty and satisfaction. This is the case nowadays due to the increasing expansion of the Internet. Pricing for products and services offered in any business is one of the most important steps in any business. "Pricing" is one of the basic concepts in economics and in particular marketing. Knowledge of principles, methods, goals, challenges, and solutions, especially for the use of these concepts in providing information services and access to information, is important. One of the most complex problems facing international companies is the phenomenon of price differentials in countries. Today's fair pricing in marketing research has attracted the attention of many researchers. This research is of causal nature and method. For data collection, the field method has been used and the questionnaire has been used, and SPSS software has been used to analyze the data. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - The Impact of Young Brand Identity on Brand Loyalty by Mediating Customer Satisfaction in the Mobile Industry
Maryam Ghamari Poor Zahra Amir Hoseini

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of consumer brand identity on brand loyalty through customer satisfaction mediation. Method: The research method is descriptive-survey with the approach of structural equations. The statistical society of th More

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of consumer brand identity on brand loyalty through customer satisfaction mediation. Method: The research method is descriptive-survey with the approach of structural equations. The statistical society of the 15 to 35 year olds is Khorramabad, who used the brands of Apple, Samsung and Huawei. Since the exact volume of the statistical community is not available, based on the Cochran formula for the unrestricted community, a sample of 384 people was selected by cluster sampling. Data collecting tools were Cooper's Brand Identity Questionnaire (2004), Braggart Brand Loyalty Questionnaire (2010) and Algashir et al., Customer Satisfaction Questionnaire (2005). Their validity was based on structural validity and its reliability it was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability. Data were analyzed using SPSS23 and SMART PLS2 software. Results: The results of structural equations showed that the effect of consumer brand identity on customer satisfaction is positive and the effect of customer satisfaction on brand loyalty of young people is positive. On the other hand, analysis of the role of mediator of customer satisfaction showed that consumer brand identity, in addition to its direct impact on brand loyalty, has indirect bearing on brand loyalty through customer satisfaction. The quality of the final model of research according to the GOF index, which was 0/363, showed that the model has a strong fit. The R2 determination coefficient was 0.28 for customer satisfaction, which was close to strong, and was 0.80 for loyalty to the brand, which is very strong. The value of Sobel test was 7.55, which indicates that the effect of the mediator variable on customer satisfaction in the research model is significant. The results of the research showed that brand identity of consumers and customer satisfaction could affect customer satisfaction. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - The right of Shofeh over transferable property and Non-transferable property Indivisible
mohammadreza Kazemi Nafchi dawood Nasiran sayyed mohammad hadi mahdavi reza abbasian

10.30495/jijl.2021.17271

Shofeh in jurisprudence and article 808 means the right of each of the copartner in obtaining the partnership in case of exchange of exchange with his copartner for the payment of the price. Shofeh is current in immovable property that cannot be divided, and there is a More

Shofeh in jurisprudence and article 808 means the right of each of the copartner in obtaining the partnership in case of exchange of exchange with his copartner for the payment of the price. Shofeh is current in immovable property that cannot be divided, and there is a difference between jurists in movable and immovable property that cannot be divided. This research has been done in a descriptive-analytical way and seeks to answer questions such as: "What is the jurisprudential basis of the right of Shofeh in cases of movable and immovable property that cannot be divided?" and so on. Regarding the background of the research, it should be said that several research studies include: the conditions for obtaining intercession in the subject law of Iran and Imami jurisprudence from Fakhreddin Asghari, the principles Shofeh on jurisprudence in movable property from the perspective of Islamic religions from Morteza Rahimi, omparative study Shofeh in Sunni jurisprudence And the rights of Iran have been exercised by Sadegh Soltanpour, etc. But the difference between the present study and the mentioned cases in proving the right of shofeh in over transferable property and Non-transferable property Indivisible based on jurisprudential reasons, while that research, looking for proving the lack of right of shofeh in over transferable property and Non-transferable property Indivisible. The result is that obtaining Shofeh in movable and immovable, property that is indivisible in the four reasons of jurisprudence (books, traditions, consensus and reason) is fixed Manuscript profile

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20 - Causes of Easement Creation in Islamic Religions
Mohammad Rasool Ahangaran Amir Ahmadi

The right to easement is one of the important issues of human life in livelihood or trading. So sometimes people see the needs of others and help them to meet their needs. So what is the cause of the creation of the right to promote Islamic jurisprudence? This article d More

The right to easement is one of the important issues of human life in livelihood or trading. So sometimes people see the needs of others and help them to meet their needs. So what is the cause of the creation of the right to promote Islamic jurisprudence? This article discusses the causes of the creation of the right to education. These articles contain the views of the great Islamic five jurisprudents. During the research, the divisions and commonalities of religions are well known. One of the most important reasons for the creation of the right to claim is the right to easement to a public partnership between people, exchange of rights, rights to property, inheritance, will, and willfulness of this right, which is discussed in detail in each of these cases in more detail. Is. This article can help jurists in juggling issues as well as in the formulation of legal rules, and is a way for them to come up with this issue. Manuscript profile

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21 - Biological Characterization of Beauveria bassiana (Clavicipitaceae:Hypocreales) from Overwintering Sites of Sunn Pest, Eurygaster integriceps (Scutelleridae: Heteroptera) in Iran
F. Kazemi Yazdi J. Eilenberg A. Mohammadipour

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22 - Distinction of Intellect and Opinion in the Shiite School
Majid Maaref

One among significant questions in Imam al-Sadiq’s hadiths is toknow his idea concerning categories of “intellect” and “opinion” aswell as comprehending the distinction between those two concepts.Such a discussion is necessary because in Im More

One among significant questions in Imam al-Sadiq’s hadiths is toknow his idea concerning categories of “intellect” and “opinion” aswell as comprehending the distinction between those two concepts.Such a discussion is necessary because in Imam al-Sadiq’s hadithsthe intellect is praised as the guide for the believer on the one handwhile opinion and analogy are severely reproached and negated onthe other. To reproach the opinion in Imam al-Sadiq’s hadiths ismade in such a manner that his conforming the intellect and itsfunctions is remained hidden and obsolete in the light of attack onopinion. The present essay is an attempt to indicate the status ofintellect and opinion in Imam al-Sadiq’s hadiths as well asexpounding the distinction between those two concepts Manuscript profile

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23 - Optimization of the Direction of Buildings of Qir Town In Relation to Sun Radiation Using the Cosine Method
Manoucher Farajzadeh Mohammad Hossein Abbasi

The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate direction of buildings in Qir town in relation tothe sun radiation. The geographical locationofthe examined town has led to the dominance of a dry and hot climate in most of the year. Therefore in making the directi More

The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate direction of buildings in Qir town in relation tothe sun radiation. The geographical locationofthe examined town has led to the dominance of a dry and hot climate in most of the year. Therefore in making the direction of the buildings, protecting the buildings against sun radiation in hot days is in the first priority, and maximum use of sun radiation in cold days is in the next priority. In order to realize the mentioned goals, at first the amount of solar energy radiated onvertical surfaces of the buildings was calculated theoretically and practically by computational method of cosine law. Then using the calendar table of need to shade and sunshine,and effective temperaturecalculation chart, hot and cold times of year were determined, then using the tables obtained, the determination of the best appropriate direction of the buildings of the examined town was done. Themost ideal direction determined for single-sided buildings was +150 to +165, and +165 and -15 fordouble-sided buildings, and 180 was selectedas the acceptable direction. Manuscript profile

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24 - Variability of Solar Activity and it’s Influence on the Earth’s Climate Case Study: Climate of Middle East and Iran
Azar Zarin عباس Mofidi

In order to understand the mechanism governing the solar activities and it’s relation tothe Earth’s climate, physical characteristics of the Sun and it’s activities, characteristicsand structure of sunspots and the relation between solar variability- s More

In order to understand the mechanism governing the solar activities and it’s relation tothe Earth’s climate, physical characteristics of the Sun and it’s activities, characteristicsand structure of sunspots and the relation between solar variability- specially sunspotscycle- and the Earth’s climate were investigated. In this case, Iran-Middle East,Northern Africa and Mediterranean regions selected as a sample of subtropical region. Itwas done in two stages. First, some of the synoptic stations of Iran and adjacentsubtropical regions were investigated and rainfall and temperature data of 16 stationswith 61 years (1930-1990) and 50 years (1951-2000) were chosen respectively.Summertime average temperature (July, August and September) and wintertime averagetemperature (January, February and March) were used. In the second stage, the Iran-Middle East, northern Africa and Mediterranean region were divided into four sectorsand average geopotential height of 500hpa and 50hpa levels for a 53 years period (1948-2000) were calculated for the winter and summer. Also, the average position and speedof subtropical jet stream in 200hpa level were derived for the above regions, periods andseasons and then their relation with the solar activity were investigated. For determiningthe relation between solar variability and climatic variables and regional atmosphericcirculation components, sunspot numbers, solar radio flux and a solar geomagneticactivity index (AA) were used.The results did not show a considerable significant correlation between sunspotnumbers and solar radio flux with winter rainfall and extreme seasons averagetemperature of those selected stations. However, the low correlation indicates that in theyears with maximum solar activity, the average winter temperature in the Middle Eastand Iran relatively decreases. The result of investigating the relation between 500hpaand 50hpa average geopotential height with solar activity indices for the extremeseasons have had positive correlation. The maximum correlation was seen in 50hpalevel (lower stratosphere) as there was a significant positive correlation between thislevel and solar activity indices. Also, there has been a low negative correlation betweenthe position and speed of subtropical jet stream and sunspot numbers and the other solaractivity indices. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Effect of zeolite application in combination with chemical and organic fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative traits of sunflower
مجید غلامحسینی آیدین خدائی جوقان فرهاد حبیب زاده Amir Ghalavand

In order to investigate the effects of zeolite in combination with chemical and organic fertilizers, applied inconventional and organic cropping systems, on sunflower quantitative and qualitative traits, an experiment wascarried out in 2011. The experiment was conducted More

In order to investigate the effects of zeolite in combination with chemical and organic fertilizers, applied inconventional and organic cropping systems, on sunflower quantitative and qualitative traits, an experiment wascarried out in 2011. The experiment was conducted in the research farm of Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran,Iran, in the base of a randomized complete blocks design with eleven treatments and three replicates. Thetreatments were divided into different groups (chemical, organic and integrated) with and without zeolite. Theresults indicated that different treatments had significant effect on most of the traits such as kernel yield, yieldcomponents, oil yield and nutrient content in the leaves (at the 1% level). The maximum kernel yield (2539 kgha-1), as the most important trait, was found when 50% of required nitrogen was supplied from zeolite compostedcattle manure and the rest was provided by chemical fertilizer (urea). In all nutrition methods, zeolite applicationimproved the oil yield trait. The highest oil yield (1165 kg ha-1) was obtained when 50% of required nitrogenwas supplied from composted cattle manure and the rest was provided by chemical fertilizer (urea) with 9 tonsper hectare of zeolite. Overall, supplying required nitrogen from both chemical and organic sources along withzeolite application can be considered as a great step towards reducing chemical input application to achievesustainable agriculture goals. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Estimation of genetic coefficients and evaluation of OILCROP-SUN model under different levels of nitrogen fertilizer
Mina Kiani Mahdi Gheysari Behrouz Mostafazadeh-Fard

Crop models are appropriate and low-cost tools for investigating the effect of agricultural inputs on water and soil resources and crop production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the OILCROP-SUN model for Euroflor hybrid of sunflower in order to gain a suit More

Crop models are appropriate and low-cost tools for investigating the effect of agricultural inputs on water and soil resources and crop production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the OILCROP-SUN model for Euroflor hybrid of sunflower in order to gain a suitable base to conserve soil and water resources. This study was conducted as a strip-plot statistical design with randomized complete blocks design with three replications for each treatment. Total biomass, seed weight, seed yield, percentage of seed oil, and seed nitrogen were measured. Using collected field data, OILCROP-SUN model was calibrated and evaluated for different levels of water and nitrogen applications. Six genetic coefficients were then derived from calibration of OILCROP-SUN model for Euroflor hybrid. The results indicated that seed yields were simulated reasonably well for 12 treatments with NRMSE value of 18.5%, and the d-index of 0.92. The d value of different treatments of water and nitrogen for seed nitrogen was 0.93, and for oil production per hectare was 0.91. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Riboflavin Antioxidant Scavenging Activity in the Presence of Sunlight
E. Vahhabi Nezhad M. Momen Heravi

Introduction: Free radicals are natural metabolic products that can cause some serious damages to living cells like molecular oxidation and genetic mutation. Antioxidants are natural or synthetic molecules which inhibit the living cell‘s oxidation caused by free r More

Introduction: Free radicals are natural metabolic products that can cause some serious damages to living cells like molecular oxidation and genetic mutation. Antioxidants are natural or synthetic molecules which inhibit the living cell‘s oxidation caused by free radicals. One of the natural antioxidants is riboflavin, which is available in many plants and animal materials. Riboflavin molecule is a photosensitive material which through the photochemical reaction causes chemical changes in the adjacent molecules. The effect of antioxidant and photosensitizer properties. Materials and Methods: In this study, the effect of four important parameters including temperature, riboflavin concentration, time and light irradiation on the antioxidant properties of riboflavin were investigated. The antioxidant activity of the riboflavin was determined based on the scavenging DPPH free radical (2, 2-diphnyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Results: The antioxidant activity of riboflavin is increased by increasing the concentration in the range of 0.4-0.7 mM. In the presence of sunlight, the free radicals of DPPH were completely scavenged by the antioxidant activity of riboflavin. In the applied temperature range, by increasing the temperature, the antioxidants activity became more intense in the free radical scavenging. Regarding kinetic, the DPPH free radical scavenging reaction was described using the first-order kinetic equation. Conclusion: According to this study, riboflavin as a photosensitive materials has a significant antioxidant effect on free radical DPPH in the presence of sunlight. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Evaluation of Citron Peel (Citrus medica L.) Extract and Essential Oil on the Stability of Sunflower Oil
S. Okhli H. Mirzaei S.E. Hoseini

10.30495/jftn.2022.19308

Introduction: Due to the unfavorable effects of synthetic antioxidants, the use of various sources of plant antioxidants to retard or prevent oxidation of foods, especially oil-based or fat-based varieties, has today received considerable attention.Materials and Methods More

Introduction: Due to the unfavorable effects of synthetic antioxidants, the use of various sources of plant antioxidants to retard or prevent oxidation of foods, especially oil-based or fat-based varieties, has today received considerable attention.Materials and Methods: Inorder to extract the essential oil, water distillation method was applied and the extract of citron peel was obtained by ultrasound and maceration methods by using ethanol, methanol and water as solvents. Total phenolic compounds of the extracts and their antioxidant activities were measured. The chemical compounds in the extract and essential oil were identified by gas chromatography. Finally, the antioxidant effect on the stability of sunflower oil was investigated. The stability of oil to oxidation during storage for 5 days at 65 ° C was assessed using peroxide, anisidine, thiobarbituric acid, Tutox values and oxidative stability index.Results: The most amounts of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity was absorved in ultrasonic-assisted ethanolic extract at 30 min. The extract concentration at 800 ppm was more effective to radical scavenging than the other concentrations. The major compounds of citron peel extract were nomilin and hesperidin. The results showed that the peroxide, anisidine, and totox value had an increasing trend over time. Ultrasonic-assisted ethanolic extract at 30 min showed the highest OSI.Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate the beneficial effects of the essential oil and extract from citron peel on sunflower oil stability and its superiority over synthetic antioxidants. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Investigating the Possibility of Increasing the Stability of Pan Releasing Oil
M. Ghoraba B. Ghiassi Tarzi M. Ghavami

Introduction: This research work is concerned to identify and present the optimal formulation for maximum stability time of pan releasing oil. Non separation of food products particularly bakery ones from the pan will reduce the quality of the product and causes some wa More

Introduction: This research work is concerned to identify and present the optimal formulation for maximum stability time of pan releasing oil. Non separation of food products particularly bakery ones from the pan will reduce the quality of the product and causes some wastes. This study was designed to optimize the possibility of increasing the shelf life of releasing pan oils by using sunflower seed and canola oils.Materials and Methods: In order to formulate the pan releasing oil by Design Expert, sunflower seed andcanola oils with three different kinds of antioxidant (TBHQ, BHA, BHT) at different concentrations (100 ppm to 200 ppm) were prepared. Percent free fatty acid, acid value, peroxide value, induction period and fatty acid profile and composition were determined according to the national standard. The optimum concentration of the antioxidant concerned with pan releasing oil was obtained at 35° C for 90 days. Results: The result of this study indicated that the best result concerned with above factors was sunflower seed oil with 155 ppm tert-Butylhydroquinone concentration. Therefore, sunflower seed oil with added TBHQ as antioxidant might be used as a new and healthy pan releasing oil. Conclusion: Sunflower seed oil containing TBHQ might be introduced as a stable, healthy pan releasing oil. Conclusion: Sunflower seed oil containing TBHQ might be introduced as a stable, healthy pan releasing oil. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - Determination of Pectin in Sunflower and Its Application in Food Industry
Behrooz Jannat Mohammad Reza Oveisi Nafiseh Sadeghi Masoomeh Behzad Abdolazim Behfar Mannan Hajimahmoodi Seyyed Mohammad Reza Shohadai

Introduction: Pectin is a complex polysaccharide consisting mainly of esterified D-galacturonic acid residues in an alpha-(1-4) chain. The acid groups along the chain are largely esterifed with methoxy groups in the natural product. It has broad applications in both foo More

Introduction: Pectin is a complex polysaccharide consisting mainly of esterified D-galacturonic acid residues in an alpha-(1-4) chain. The acid groups along the chain are largely esterifed with methoxy groups in the natural product. It has broad applications in both food and pharmaceutical industries where it acts as gelling and thickening agent. The present study was designed to determine the galacturonic acid content and degree of pectin esterification. Materials and Methods: In the current study Record cultivar of sunflower grown in Varamin region of Iran was selected for pectin extraction. The residue was dried in a drying chamber and stored at 4°C before use. The pectin was extracted by using 0.75% sodium hexameta phosphate at the pH of 3, 4 and 5 with the temperature of 75, 85 and 95°C for 20 and 40 minutes and the optimum conditions for the extraction of pectin, galacturonic acid content and the degree of esterification was studied. Results: The highest yield was obtained at the pH of 5 and temperature of 95°C for 20 min. Galacturonic acid content or degree of purity related to the pectin was from 66.5% to 86%. Degree of esterification of extracted pectin was from 21% to 33% that clearly indicates the low methoxyl nature of the pectin. However, there were significant differences (p<0.05) between mentioned extraction condition factors, that is an important criterion for the quality of the pectin and the degree of esterification. Conclusion: It seems that the pectin extracted from sunflowers head show a high potential for commercial food applications. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - A Comparative Study Concerned with Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Fatty Acid Profile Methods to Detect the Adulteration of Sunflower Seed Oil in Extra Virgin Olive Oil
A. Pashaei F. Shovakhi M. Fahimdanesh F. Badei A. Rahmani

Introduction: Extra virgin olive oil represents the popular source of oil in the Mediterriancountries. The price of extra virgin olive oil is increasing rapidly in the world market, due tomany factors namely special organoleptic and health attributes. Therefore this pop More

Introduction: Extra virgin olive oil represents the popular source of oil in the Mediterriancountries. The price of extra virgin olive oil is increasing rapidly in the world market, due tomany factors namely special organoleptic and health attributes. Therefore this popular oilmight be subjected to adulteration. In this research, the application of Differential ScanningCalorimeter (DSC) and fatty acid profile methods to detect the adulteration of sunflower seedoil in extra virgin olive oil has been studied.Materials and Methods: Refined sunflower seed oil was added to extra virgin olive oil atdifferent portions (5, 10, 15 and 20 percent) and the thermal analysis of the samples wereperformed using DSC and the fatty acid composition of the samples were determined by GCapparatus.Results: The results of the thermal analysis showed that the addition of sunflower seed oilcreated significant changes in cooling and heating thermograms of DSC. The enthalpy, onsetand maximum temperature of major crystallization peak for at least 10% adulteration and theenthalpy and maximum temperature of minor melting peak for 5% adulteration indicatedsignificant differences as compared to the extra virgin olive oil (P<0.05). The results alsoindicated that the major fatty acids in the mixture with at least 5% sunflower seed oil showedsignificant differences as compared to extra virgin olive oil (P<0.05). The quantities ofbehenic and linoleic acids in the mixtures of 15 and 20 % added sunflower seed oil to olive oilindicated higher amounts than those defined as standard values.maximum limit of standardvalue.Conclusion: The DSC method might be evaluated as a valuable method to detect theadulteration of refined sunflower seed oil in extra virgin olive oil however this method has itslimitations regarding the percent of added oil. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - Extraction of Phenolic Compounds and Tocopherols from Ferula Persica and Evaluating the Effect of the Extract on the Stability of Sunflower Seed Oil as an Alternative to the Synthetic Antioxidant
B. Mehdinia Lichaei R. Esmaeilzadeh Kenari Gh. Dinpanah

Introduction: The addition of antioxidants is one of the ways to protect the oil from oxidation. The aim of this research is to obtain ferula persica plant extract using supercritical fluid method and measure the phenolic compounds and tocopherols and also to evaluate t More

Introduction: The addition of antioxidants is one of the ways to protect the oil from oxidation. The aim of this research is to obtain ferula persica plant extract using supercritical fluid method and measure the phenolic compounds and tocopherols and also to evaluate the effect on the oxidative stability of sunflower seed oil during storage. Materials and Methods: Using supercritical fluids (SCF), the ethanolic extracts at different concentrations (100, 1500, 2000 and 2500 ppm) were prepared. Total amount of phenolic compounds and tocopherols in the extracts were determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu and spectrophotometry procedures, respectively. The antioxidant activity was evaluated and the concentration of 2500 ppm showed the highest antioxidant activity, therefore, this concentration was selected and added to sunflower seed oil. The oil was kept at room temperature for 60 days and peroxide value, carbonyl number, oxidative stability index, total polar compounds and acid value were measured every 15 day and compared with the synthetic antioxidant (TBHQ 100 ppm). Results: The concentrations of phenolic compounds and tocopherols in the SCF extract were determined and found to be 1495.81 mg as gallic acid and 58.6 mg alpha-tocopherol per 100 gram of extract. Conclusion: Ferula persica extract at the concentration of 2500 ppm due to the presence of both phenolic compounds and tocopherols exhibited antioxidant acivity in sunflower seed oil and have the ability similar to TBHQ that results in increased oxidative stability of the substrate, therefore, Ferula persica that is a natural product might be considered as a potent antioxidant to improve the stability of oils and fats. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - Electrochemical Analysis of Sunset Yellow Based on NiO-SWCNTs NC/IL Modified Carbon Paste Electrode in Food Samples
S. A. Shahidi P. Ebrahimi T. Zabihpour S. Naghizadeh Raeisi

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34 - The Effect of Bug Damage on Physicochemical, Electrophoretic and Quality Factors of Wheat Gluten
A. Allameh M. Kadivar M. Shahedi

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35 - The Effect of Bleaching Process on the Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Canola and Sunflower Seed Oils
M. Haji Hoseini M. Ghavami A. Heidary-Nasab M. Gharachorloo

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36 - The Effects of Degumming and Neutralization on the Quality of Crude Sunflower and Soyabean Oils
Sh. Mardani M. Ghavami A. Heidary-Nasab M. Gharachorloo

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37 - Evaluation of Fatty Acid Composition of Oil Extracted from Nine Varieties of Sunflower Seed
N. Amini M. Jamali Kermanshahi P. Mahasti

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38 - Comparison of the Fixed External Sun Shading Devices Performance in order to Daylight Control (Case Study: Southern Facade in Yazd Climate)
Tahereh Nasr Zahra Yarmahmoodi

10.30495/jest.2022.61515.5423

Background and Objective: With the advancement of technology, there has been an increase in energy consumption. For example, in hot and dry climates, where the amount of heat and sunlight is high during the day, it causes too much sunlight to enter the interior and incr More

Background and Objective: With the advancement of technology, there has been an increase in energy consumption. For example, in hot and dry climates, where the amount of heat and sunlight is high during the day, it causes too much sunlight to enter the interior and increases the temperature, which increases the consumption of cooling energy. Fixed sun shading in this climate can greatly reduce cooling energy consumption. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify different types of fixed external sun shading devices and finally select the best of them in terms of performance to optimize energy consumption in hot and dry climates.Material and Methodology: The research method is quantitative and simulation-modeling. The data collection tool for the theoretical foundations section is library and documentary. In this way, the fixed sun shading devices are modeled in Rhino 6 software and Grasshopper plugin. After that, the climate of Yazd, which is hot and dry, has been selected for energy analysis by the Ladybug Tools 1.1.0 in a Grasshopper environment in order to achieve a suitable type of fixed external sun shading devices in hot and dry climates. Thermal analyzes have been performed in Ecotect software.    Findings: The results of the present research show that the geometric, eggcrate and horizontal shading devices have the best performance in terms of optimizing energy consumption.  Discussion and Conclusion: Therefore, considering that geometric shading devices are very similar to the shading devices in traditional Iranian architecture, it can be concluded that proper innovation by preserving the principles and avoiding blind imitation of the past can be desirable and economical solutions to the problems of the present age. Manuscript profile

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39 - Plant Type Selection for Sungun Copper Mine Environment Reclamation by Fuzzy TOPSIS Method
Iraj Alavi Naser pirooznia

Introduction: all steps of a mining project generally disturb the environment’s original condition during execution. Therefore from exploration until end of the exploitation and after mining closure, there should be an exhaustive applied reclamation plan of the mi More

Introduction: all steps of a mining project generally disturb the environment’s original condition during execution. Therefore from exploration until end of the exploitation and after mining closure, there should be an exhaustive applied reclamation plan of the mined land. Planting the suitable plant species in each step of any reclamation plan in this area is the goal of this research. In all type of post mining land use such as Agriculture, Pasture, Forestry, Tourist attraction, Wild life creation, selection and planting the appropriate plant species are the most essential requirements to implement a successful mined land reclamation plan. Material and Method: The Research methodology is selecting the plant species that is carried out on the basis of the primary factors which include type of Post mining land use, Climate, Nature of soil. The priority is defined between the selected species, based on of the secondary factors (Perspective of the region, resistance against disease and insects, strength and method of growth, availability to plant Species, Economic efficiency, Protection of soil and storing water, prevention from pollution) by a MCDM model. This model is implemented by FUZZY TOPSIS method. The mentioned procedure was applied in the Sungun Copper Mine in Iran. Decision making was executed on the basis of oral judgments and experts group opinions in the case study. Risults and Discution: The results have been consisted of maple, Ash, Barberry, Paliurus Spina –Christi, Oak, and Sloe respectively. All species are native. In parts that ground is damaged and also waste dump sites, are used Maple and Paliurus Spina –Christi and Sloe are stabilizers and compatible till field is prepared for planting residuary of plants.   Manuscript profile

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40 - Calibration of earth surface received radiation in north east of Iran
mahnaz rostamian Amir Hossein Halabian

Abstract The solar radiation reached the earth surface (RS) has wide applications in many areas of agriculture engineering, irrigation and hydrology and that’s why various methods have been represented for its estimation, which Angstrom – Prescott equation More

Abstract The solar radiation reached the earth surface (RS) has wide applications in many areas of agriculture engineering, irrigation and hydrology and that’s why various methods have been represented for its estimation, which Angstrom – Prescott equation is one of the most important equation in this field. This equation has experimental coefficients that are different for any situation. Because of the importance of Rs, various methods have developed for its estimation. The radiation reached to earth surface is evaluated by using average daily sunny hours data of synoptic affiliated to the general state metrological office in the north of Khorasan, Khorasan Razavi and southern Khorasan 1988- 2016. The Angstrom – prescient method has been used for estimating solar radiation of earth surface in the studied area. In this research, the a & b coefficients were calculated by using Ferrer's method fastly and then have been placed in Angstrom equation. Finally, the radiation equivalent map of the studied area has been drawn and analyzed by using kriging interpolation model. The research outcome indicated that southern, south-east regions and at the next level, the center of the studied area especially Nehbndan station have more potential for receiving solar radiation. The minimum monthly received radiation of area during January and December month in the north and northwest of this region, which are 7.98 and 7.36 megajoules per square meter respectively. The maximum received radiation of area occurs in July about 30.24 megajoules. South and south-east regions up to the center of the of the area Nehbandan station have more potential for receiving in terms of radiation during summer & spring seasons respectively. Manuscript profile

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41 - Analysis of Savoji’s “Jamshid and the Sun” Based on Prop’s Theory
Ebrahim Vasheghani Farahani Leila Hashemian Maryam Rahmani

Morphological analysis is a central technique in structural criticism. In this analysis, the critic seeks to discover relationships among the structural constituents of a tale. It was first introduced into literary criticism by Vladimir Prop under the influence of Ferdi More

Morphological analysis is a central technique in structural criticism. In this analysis, the critic seeks to discover relationships among the structural constituents of a tale. It was first introduced into literary criticism by Vladimir Prop under the influence of Ferdinand de Saussure’s structural linguistics. Prop based his work on the actions of the characters in fairy tales and, after analyzing these actions and their functions, he found out that all the tales follow similar structures which can be generalized to explain the tales of various peoples over the world. Such analysis reveals that the characters of different tales, regardless of apparent differences, have constant specific functions according to their role in the tale. The present paper is an attempt at the structural analysis of the tale of “Jamshid and the Sun”, which is one of the most successful lyric tales of Persian literature, and at the study of the functions and their order in each role to determine the degree to which to these functions conform to the roles and self-actions in the story. Manuscript profile

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42 - Studying Sunnet's Application in Ibn Zaydún and Shahriyar Poetries
Robabeh Ramezani Parisa Feyzi

It could be resulted out that there are common aspects in Arab Ibn Zaydún and Iranian Shahriyar's poetries by studying their works; while both were far away from their beloveds and burnt in the fire of love but were loyal and faithful to them and insisted their l More

It could be resulted out that there are common aspects in Arab Ibn Zaydún and Iranian Shahriyar's poetries by studying their works; while both were far away from their beloveds and burnt in the fire of love but were loyal and faithful to them and insisted their love. Following the hard and suffering times of their live, they blames the era and their beloveds were not exception. Since Iran and Andalusia were charming in nature and fertile lands, both abovementioned poets have enjoyed them to describe their beloveds. Two poets who were familiar with Holy Quran, applied this precious source in their poetries too. Their poems are also moral and decent. Manuscript profile

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43 - A Comparative Study of Legitimacy of Affirmation from Shiite and Sunnite's Viewpoint
Hadi Razzaqi Harikandei Roqiyeh Sadeqi Ahangari

Imamate scholars all agree that affirmation in the Call to Prayer is forbidden and has never been part of the morning Call to Prayer, but there is disagreement among Sunni scholars as to whether affirmation in the Call to Prayer is permissible or not. Most Sunni sc More

Imamate scholars all agree that affirmation in the Call to Prayer is forbidden and has never been part of the morning Call to Prayer, but there is disagreement among Sunni scholars as to whether affirmation in the Call to Prayer is permissible or not. Most Sunni scholars consider saying this sentence in the morning Call to Prayer to be legitimate and recommended and quitting is abandoned; but some Sunni scholars such as Abu   Hanifa has emphasized its heresy. This article aims to critique and analyze the reasons for the legitimacy of affirmation by the majority of Sunnis using a descriptive-analytical method. That is to say, Bilal and Abi Mahzoor conclude that both narrations have a serious weaknesses, both in terms of authenticity and causal. Manuscript profile

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44 - Comparative examination of Imam Reza (pfh) with the other commentaries
Seyed Mohammad Bagher Hoseini Sabri Jalilian

lmam Raze (pfh)-the 8th Irnam of Shine-in continuation of prophet Mohammed’s method in explaining of Quran-has indicated to hounerable verses of Qoran and in his commenting has used some methods for example.Qoran by Qoran.narrated.reasonable. logical andpartly sci More

lmam Raze (pfh)-the 8th Irnam of Shine-in continuation of prophet Mohammed’s method in explaining of Quran-has indicated to hounerable verses of Qoran and in his commenting has used some methods for example.Qoran by Qoran.narrated.reasonable. logical andpartly scientific methods.Irnarn Reza (pth) has not paid attention to the form of' speech for example:vocablc.logo.eloquence.etimology.and grammar. That IS contrary to other commentaries:KashafTaharsi.:lajma.c)lbayan.He has not carried traditions of Esp of Mohammad (PBUP) and the dependents contrary to Tabari.s cornmentary.also he has not collected other cornmcntaries.Iike.Asna Ashari commentary.He has pointed to the brief and useful commentary and considering the condition of his time and questions or ambiguities that were brought Lip in his presence.And in many cases he has j List indicated to interpretiv e commentaries and description of evidence.He has forborne superstitions and traditions of companions of Moharnrnad (PBUH) and the dependents.The other commentaries do not possess the points that were described in his commentary.  Manuscript profile

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45 - Analysis of Concepts Related to the Rational Proof of Messianism in Sunni and Shiite Quranic Interpretations
Mashallah Bakhshi Seyyed Adel Nader Ali Mehryar Shababi

10.30495/qsf.2021.687492

Studying the concepts of Holy Qur'an is of very importance, especially when it is accompanied by logic, reasoning and interpretation of Qur'an to Qur'an. The present article addresses important issues such as the Assigned and Messianism that are tied to the fate of huma More

Studying the concepts of Holy Qur'an is of very importance, especially when it is accompanied by logic, reasoning and interpretation of Qur'an to Qur'an. The present article addresses important issues such as the Assigned and Messianism that are tied to the fate of humanity, and there are more than 65 verses that have a completely common view to messianism emphasizing Sunni and Shiite’s interpretations. By studying the meanings of 10 Verses of Qur'an, it is quite obvious that regardless of the interpretation and narration about mentioned verses according to the meanings of the verse itself and putting it next to the general meaning of HolyQur'an, we can argue and conclude that what the commentators and interpretations of Qur'an claim which is more or less narrative or derived from narrations, achieved and applied a kind of independent semantics. The most important results of this research indicate that the messianismas necessity for Jesus’s being alive, and the necessity of the Assigned to overcome the religion of God over all religions and the unification of all religions, can be proved by the conceptual style of the relevant verses. Manuscript profile

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46 - A Study on Sides Interpretations on 61st Verse of Repentance Surah ب
Alireza Zaki Zadeh Ranani Azadeh Ebrahimi Fakhari

Infighters called Prophet Mohammad   «أُذُنٌ»for His character assassination and to show him unstable and introduce him naïve and capricious. Almighty Lord confirms his «أُذُنٌ» adjective to defend and support him but call him with More

Infighters called Prophet Mohammad   «أُذُنٌ»for His character assassination and to show him unstable and introduce him naïve and capricious. Almighty Lord confirms his «أُذُنٌ» adjective to defend and support him but call him with a higher adjective as«أُذُنُ خَیْرٍ» . Studying commonalities and inharmoniousness of Sunnite and Shiite interpreters would aid us to avail more complete meanings of the Verses. In interpretation of 61st Verse of Repentance Surah, common ideas and thinking can be seen but two issues: one is on  «أُذُنُ خَیْرٍ» which Shiite interpreters consider it as good listener and Sunnite one interpret it as the listener of goods. The other disagreement is on the cause of revelation. Manuscript profile

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47 - Evidences of Affidavit Operation Permit of Sunnite Jurisprudents in Affidavit Schools based on Verses of Holy Quran
Yaghoub Tavakkoli Saeed Hassanzadeh

Early Islamic ideology among Sunnite began with Quran and the six books by Bukhari , Moslem , Abu Davood , Tirmidhi , Ibn Majah , Nisa'i  which are sources of their hadiths; and Sunnite jurisprudents know the a More

Early Islamic ideology among Sunnite began with Quran and the six books by Bukhari , Moslem , Abu Davood , Tirmidhi , Ibn Majah , Nisa'i  which are sources of their hadiths; and Sunnite jurisprudents know the affidavits authorized in their various jurisprudential discourses testified by mentioning a number of permissible arguments. This research, which is based on librarian and documented theoretical data, has been compiled in a descriptive method and after presenting evidence of affidavit operations among Sunnis, and the nature of such jihad with their various interpretations of the Quran and traditions and events considered it necessary with restrictions and conditions. Manuscript profile

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48 - Palestine from the Martyr author Ghassan Kanafani’s Point of View
Fatemeh Ali Nejad chomazakti Saeedeh mir Haqjoo Langroudi

Ghassan Kanafani was the author, critic, poet, martyr and playwriter who studies human being issues by his stories. He condemns whatever causes Palestine’s tragedy in his “men in the sun” novel. There is no waste and extra word or sentence in this nove More

Ghassan Kanafani was the author, critic, poet, martyr and playwriter who studies human being issues by his stories. He condemns whatever causes Palestine’s tragedy in his “men in the sun” novel. There is no waste and extra word or sentence in this novel and the author does not recourse slogan and his position is clear among his novel. In this novel the men can understand cruelty under the government pressure but they keep silence and scape from this social reality. Ghassan rejects disappointment and failure. Manuscript profile

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49 - Reply to doubt of the tendency of Prophet in Sunni books to music
محمدحسین ایراندوست

Great personality and spiritual Prophet (PBUH), the light of the full glory of the Lord is great beauty. Lord, in the Qur'an, he and his admiration for defining themes of mercy for all worlds, and has much people, has been introduced. With all this greatness, unfortunat More

Great personality and spiritual Prophet (PBUH), the light of the full glory of the Lord is great beauty. Lord, in the Qur'an, he and his admiration for defining themes of mercy for all worlds, and has much people, has been introduced. With all this greatness, unfortunately in some authentic Sunni books, corrupted presented prophet and spiritual aspects of his character is still lower than a normal human being. One of the things that leads to undermine the moral character of the Prophet, and turn them into music and dance and tambourine and a's song. The numerous traditions in Bukhari that the Prophet trends, the music and there's song. Expressions of these traditions, the way that they deal with tambourine and music, so normal, like the young lover has outlined that time! In addition, this hadith, the Prophet entering a newlywed and a quiet private place with a non-mahram woman for the Prophet (pbuh) has very normal and permissible, as some commentators such as Ibn Hajar image Asqalani multiple contingency plan to solve these problems have to be. In this paper only two narrative "Rabi Mvzbn girl Fra’" narrative "Aisha" with different interpretations and different ways were examined. The themes and concepts from both directions have been proven wrong. The first is that this tradition with other traditions, Sahih Bukhari is in conflict. Secondly, through some Quranic verses and tends to be frivolous musical verifiable's song is not allowed. Manuscript profile

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50 - thr role of interest in Faryqeyn
mojtaba mohamadi سید محمد شفیعی مازندرانی

Each issue without regard for the interests and corruption is something aborting., has complications that sometimes differences of opinion among scholars on the concept and its various manifestations arise.Interest, dedicated to Islamic jurisprudence, is also an importa More

Each issue without regard for the interests and corruption is something aborting., has complications that sometimes differences of opinion among scholars on the concept and its various manifestations arise.Interest, dedicated to Islamic jurisprudence, is also an important element in Western schools, and even infrastructure is efficient. In Islamic thought, word comes of interest in two independent domains, the field of theology (such as whether to issue rulings based on the best interests first?) And Fiqh (such as whether it can be inferred interest in Shari'a law be used ?). In this study, we have tried, in the interest of Shiite jurisprudence and Sunni areas of the collection.We hope that by explaining these cases, a step toward clarifying some aspects of interest to be removed from the jurisprudential point of view.Keywords:Jurisprudence, interest, Jurisprudence, Jurisprudence Sunni mursala materialsaa aa aaa aa a aa aaa aaaa aa aa Manuscript profile

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51 - The Principle of Mourning on the Dead Person from PublicView Point
mohammadhadi hejazi shahrzaei zahra bagheri fateme miri

the overwhelming of Sunnite, like shi'a, have not fully discussed about the sentence of mourning for the dead (person), But they rather merely mentioned some examples and surveyed the corresponding sentence of those examples. Now question that arises would be: what is t More

the overwhelming of Sunnite, like shi'a, have not fully discussed about the sentence of mourning for the dead (person), But they rather merely mentioned some examples and surveyed the corresponding sentence of those examples. Now question that arises would be: what is the sentence about mourning for the dead person from public viewpoint? In from Sunnite viewpoint three following examples are also consideredabout mourning on the dead: (Crying, sorrowing, tearing off the clothes, hitting the body, wounding down face) One of the theories regarding all these three examples is forbiddance, which means that, among Sunnite there are many people who have prohibited all three examples. However after studying the Sunnites' reasons, it is clear that the act of mourning for dead person is permissible by default. Therefore, in the present study, while criticizing and analyzing the different reasons we conclude that the sheer act of mourning for the dead person originally is permissible. Yes, it is true that they do not consider some of the examples of mourning permissible, such as tearing off the clothes, But this does not act as a disadvantage to the general provision that mourning is originally and by default justified and permissible. Manuscript profile

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52 - The Dynamism of the Rule of Obligation in The Holy Verses and Traditions
Farrokh Mohseni Alireza Lotfi

Islam, which is a divine religion, has provided comprehensive views not only in the areas of human belief, thought and attitude, but also in practical areas, there are also guidelines and should not be based on rational foundations, which are examples of This can be ref More

Islam, which is a divine religion, has provided comprehensive views not only in the areas of human belief, thought and attitude, but also in practical areas, there are also guidelines and should not be based on rational foundations, which are examples of This can be referred to as the rule of law. The principle that is referred to as the coexistence of jurisprudence is mentioned. The results of the research show that, based on this rule, every religion is bound by the same laws and laws that it itself believes in. This is the same meaning of the Hadith that is embodied in most of the sources mainly to prove this rule to this noble Hadith ''Their remembrance if what they have comitted themselves'' But in this article, by referring to the interpretations of the Qur'an and jurisprudential books, we have tried to cite the proofs of this rule in addition to mentioning authentic narratives to some of the Quranic words. Because if it is proved, the rule of law in Imamieh jurisprudence will be of special status. Manuscript profile

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53 - The feasibility study of access to a common governance pattern among Islamic religions, with an emphasis on the role of the people
Mohamad Ahangaran Mohammad Beirouti

Islamic countries have the potential to converge in governmental jurisprudence; given the lack of divine sovereignty and the acceptance of the right to vote, explaining a common paradigm for electing a ruler seems a necessity.To elaborate on a common government model, f More

Islamic countries have the potential to converge in governmental jurisprudence; given the lack of divine sovereignty and the acceptance of the right to vote, explaining a common paradigm for electing a ruler seems a necessity.To elaborate on a common government model, first the Sunnis presented templates include (forming salinity, marriage, intercession, conversion) executed by the people's allegiance, and of the three contemporary political ideas of Shi'a jurisprudence, two models (the Velayat-e Faqih and the Electoral Theory). We have put forward the theory of appointing a governor of the jurisprudence) for the ruling party. Salinity is endorsed by Islamic religions as a common paradigm (regardless of the foundations of formation).The patterns presented in the Islamic community's exponential balance have been explored in terms of corruption and corruption. Among all the patterns of government, there are materials and purposes that can be ignored; creating salience for the ruler.The challenge with which the pattern of shared government is in clear conflict is the acceptance of "sovereignty" and "supremacy" in Islamic societies. In the "domination" model, the government in Islam is presented as chaos, and in the "domination" model, in fact, the will of the people is impassable for the ruler. Manuscript profile

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54 - A Glance at "Analogy" in the Sunnite and Imamiyyah Jurisprudence
Abolfazl Alishahi

Sunnis have recourse to "Analogy" (Qias) in their jurisprudential argumentation and generally regard it as a criterion, while Shiite jurists do not have an optimistic view about "Analog", though they have sometimes excluded  some examples of analogy prohibited by t More

Sunnis have recourse to "Analogy" (Qias) in their jurisprudential argumentation and generally regard it as a criterion, while Shiite jurists do not have an optimistic view about "Analog", though they have sometimes excluded  some examples of analogy prohibited by the legislator; however, the general viewpoint of Shiite jurists towards "analogy" is negative. "Analogy" is the inference of a partial religious decree from another. In other words, in a decree, one part is overgeneralized to another part. The question to be answered is whether the Imamiyyah Shiite negate the "analogy" wholly or accept it partially. This research, upon a survey of the Sunnite and Shiite viewpoints, has come to the conclusion that in Imamiyyah Shiite, some sorts of "analogy" are accepted in practice, in line with Sunnis. Manuscript profile

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55 - Polygamy in the Eyes of Feraqayn
نیره محمدعلی ابراهیم سید محمد مهدی احمدی محمدحسین ایراندوست

Polygamy is included among the rules and has been recognized by Islamic legal system. The ruling has been predicted for supporting the women having no husband. Quantitative limitations in polygamy and other conditions indicate an expedient and realistic approach for its More

Polygamy is included among the rules and has been recognized by Islamic legal system. The ruling has been predicted for supporting the women having no husband. Quantitative limitations in polygamy and other conditions indicate an expedient and realistic approach for its forgery. Hence, since long Sunni and Imamiyya jurisprudents looked into it by citing verses, narrations and general agreement and have elucidated its legitimacy; in the meantime, it has been disagreed as well. Also, jurisprudents of Feraqayn (sects) by referring to verses recognize condition of justice and financial ability as justified conditions in order to make polygamy happen. Therefore, the article writers elucidating evidence for legitimacy of polygamy in Feraqayn as well as evidence given by those against it deal with condition of justice and affordability as the most fundamental conditions of legitimat polygamy Manuscript profile

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56 - The symbolize of phoenix's fiction in a passage from mythology to mysticism
leila aminilari kheyrollah mahmoudi

10.30495/dk.2020.672396

It can be find common points in many mythology and symbolism that has rots in human's common collective subconscious and narrates from proximity of people's cultural and spiritual's beliefs. Universal myth of phoenix is also among the mythology, that although has many More

It can be find common points in many mythology and symbolism that has rots in human's common collective subconscious and narrates from proximity of people's cultural and spiritual's beliefs. Universal myth of phoenix is also among the mythology, that although has many metamorphosis, but it can be detected many common points and specially the root of the death and doom in all faces to be shown from this solar bird. This fact has been shown in this mythology that the death is a passage to a better type of life and up most way for access to renaissance. The themed that has been acceded in a ascendant to arena's mysticism, has been appearance like spiritual resurrection and secondary birth, and so, the phoenix, this legendary bird, has been found non- objective aspect and sacred face. The phoenix is a symbol of transcendental spirit that is entered into the area of the beyond death. In this article, that has done like library method and such as analytical description, it has been determined, the mythological mystical of the phoenix - the fire bird- due to the some nations' mythology. Manuscript profile

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57 - Removal of C.I. Acid red 1 (AR1) dye pollutant from contaminated waters by adsorption method using sunflower seed shells and pine cone as agro waste materials
Samira Alizadeh Kambiz Seyyedi

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58 - The reflection of the allegoric role of the sun in Nezari,s sonnets
Mohammad Hajiabadi

Hakim nezari ghohestani was one of the Persian eloquent poets in the late 7th and early 8 th century. His book of poems includes religion, wisdom and Sufism and is a mixture of Persian, Indian, and greek cuhure, and the prophet mohammad,s Islamic law. His poems reflect More

Hakim nezari ghohestani was one of the Persian eloquent poets in the late 7th and early 8 th century. His book of poems includes religion, wisdom and Sufism and is a mixture of Persian, Indian, and greek cuhure, and the prophet mohammad,s Islamic law. His poems reflect the pains of the overworked and embittered workers who have been wronged and his sonnets are a source of love, and passion. He has beautifully employed simile metaphore, imagery and allegory in his poems. To represent his ideas, he eloquently use the sun and every other term related to the sun. This lies in the poet,s uncons ciousness rooted in the mankind,s tendenly to mythology.the present paper was an attempt to analyse the allegoric use of the sun in nezari,s poems. Manuscript profile

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59 - The comparison of misunderstanding of the third grade high school students and B.A and M.A students about the concept of electricity
Ashrafoalsadat Shekarbaghani

The aim of the present research was to investigate about the comparison of misunderstanding of the third grade high school students and B.A and M.A students about the concept of electricity. The research method was descriptive survey. The population of the study was con More

The aim of the present research was to investigate about the comparison of misunderstanding of the third grade high school students and B.A and M.A students about the concept of electricity. The research method was descriptive survey. The population of the study was consisted of all high school students in Tehran, all students of Computer Engineering (Software Engineering), the students of Information Technology (B.A) and the students of solid-state physics (M.A) in Tehran Payame Noor University, Robatkarim, in academic year 1391-1392.285 participants consisted the sample, including 125 students from high school (68 from math major and 57 from empirical science major), 130 undergraduate students (72 Computer Engineering students and 58 Information Technology students) and 30 M.A students (Solid-State physics). A diagnostic test comprising six questions with multiple-choice format was used to collect the required data. To ensure the content validity of the instrument, a panel of 20 teachers of physics verified the questionnaire. The reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha as 0.87.The test was given in a normal condition with no in advance awareness. After the test was run, the frequency, frequency percentage, the tables and corresponding graphs were used. To assess how well students understood, the conceptual evaluation method was applied. In this method, the options were categorized in four types as: full understanding, partial understanding, misunderstanding and lack of understanding.The findings showed new misunderstandings about the concepts of static electricity. Based on these findings, it seems so necessary that physics curricula and instructional materials which are about to be recently revised by the Ministry of Education be taken into more considerations so as to organize the concepts of static electricity and its modeling in related textbooks. Manuscript profile

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60 - Mathematical Misunderstandings and their Causes in Fourth Grade Elementary School Students Based on the Lived Experiences of Farhangian University Graduates: (A Qualitative study)
Sareh Haghkhah Azar Davoodi َAmeneh Amiri

10.30486/jsre.2021.1927053.1871

The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of new teachers in the field of recognizing and dealing with the mathematical misunderstandings and their causes in the fourth grade elementary school students. This research was qualitative with a phenomenologica More

The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of new teachers in the field of recognizing and dealing with the mathematical misunderstandings and their causes in the fourth grade elementary school students. This research was qualitative with a phenomenological approach. The participants were 10 teachers who were graduated from Fars Farhangian University and had experiences of teaching mathematics in the fourth grade of elementary, which were selected by a purposive sampling for interview until the data were saturated. The data collection method was in-depth semi-structured interview. The thematic analysis method was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that, 111 basic themes, 19 organizing themes and 2 comprehensive themes were formed under the title of mathematical misunderstandings and their causes. By analyzing the extracted themes, it can be realized that the participants had a relatively good knowledge of mathematical misunderstandings. They considered the heavy content of the fourth grade mathematics textbook and its incompatibility with the cognitive development of the students and the lack of time to present the concepts as the most important causes of mathematical misunderstandings in this grade. Therefore, by reviewing the content of the fourth- grade mathematics textbook, it can be expected that a more appropriate platform for the mathematic teaching _learning process and preventing misunderstandings should be provided. Manuscript profile

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61 - Discovering the dimensions of teaching the subject of subatomic particles in the tenth grade chemistry course, based on the PCK theory, with the Delphi method
Mahshid Torkaman asadi Mostafa Ghaderi mahbobeh khosravi Bahram Saleh Sedkgpour Alireza Karami Gazafi

10.30486/jsre.2024.1998967.2402

The present article examines and identifies the dimensions of teaching in the subject of subatomic particles in the chemistry book, 10th grade, based on the pedagogical content knowledge model (PCK) of Magnuson, Krajcic and Burko (1999). In this research, two components More

The present article examines and identifies the dimensions of teaching in the subject of subatomic particles in the chemistry book, 10th grade, based on the pedagogical content knowledge model (PCK) of Magnuson, Krajcic and Burko (1999). In this research, two components "Knowledge of educational strategies" and "Knowledge of students' understanding of science" were selected and investigated. The research approach of this study based on mixed-methods sequential exploratory design is carried out using Delphi method in three rounds. The group of research participants is consisted of 33 chemistry teachers selected through “theoretical sampling” and then “Snowball sampling”. The first step involved semi-structured interview (round 1) and the acquired results of interview analyzed by “Open Coding” and “Axial Coding”. In the second round, a closed-answer questionnaire was designed according to the results obtained from the first round’s coding. Then the designed is provided for experts and the answers were investigated by means of Q factor analysis. In the third round, with the elimination of redundant questions, the edited questionnaire was assigned to the experts for the second time. Finally using the Q factor analysis, the following 8 dimensions were achieved: “Image symbolization"; "Learning activities"; "Practice of mathematical skills"; "Interactive-expository strategies of teaching"; "The origin of misunderstandings"; "Misunderstandings of the nature & stability"; "Resolving misunderstandings " and "prerequisites". Manuscript profile

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62 - Comparison of Hollowness in Nagarjuna’s Notion with Nonexistence in Ibn Arabi’s Mind
Masoumeh Fatholahi Mahmoudreza Esfandiar

Sunya or sunyata[1] standing for emptiness is one of the most important concepts in Buddhism. This idea was first created by Nāgārjuna the founder of Madhyamika (the middle way[2]). This concept can be analysed through two different aspects. Firstly, through the univers More

Sunya or sunyata[1] standing for emptiness is one of the most important concepts in Buddhism. This idea was first created by Nāgārjuna the founder of Madhyamika (the middle way[2]). This concept can be analysed through two different aspects. Firstly, through the universe, which in this approach everything is empty of absolut truth, because all the creatures and phenomenon in the universe are related to each other in the universe and none of them is independant. Secondly, through the absolute, sunya is a complete and total adjective which is substantive and beyond the universe and due to its’ boundlessness cannot be defined and explaind. This absolute, infinit and boundlessness existence cannot be defined in any language, so the best word to define it is being silent. The same approach could be found in ebn al arabi mysticism which refers to the essence of Allah (God). He belives there is no tull, adjective, feature for God in essence and can not recognizable due to having no resemblance with the human.  In fact it is the level of indefinability.  This article is a comparison between sunya and adan cocept according to two muslim and Buddhist ideologist. [1] śūnya, śūnyatā [2] Mādhyamika Manuscript profile

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63 - Review and Analysis of Security from the Perspective of Mystics
Bahman Amini Sadeh alireza Saberyan Reza Kohsary

One of the central concepts in the issues of governance in Islam is security, which has been emphasized according to verses and hadiths.For a long time, one of the main concerns of human beings has been to provide security in various areas of life. Many wars and peace h More

One of the central concepts in the issues of governance in Islam is security, which has been emphasized according to verses and hadiths.For a long time, one of the main concerns of human beings has been to provide security in various areas of life. Many wars and peace have taken place and continue to provide security.Security in Islam, in terms of the term and concept, has a wide and comprehensive dimension and horizon.On the other hand, in a society, one of the most important functions of the governing body is to provide security in all dimensions and areas.This is something that in Islamic-based governments, in addition to modern theoretical support, also benefits from the fountain of Islamic thought. The Qur'an and Sunnah have stated the duty of the government in providing security as a task. Islamic mysticism has not been deprived of this issue and security has appeared and updated with different types and examples in the words of mystics. This research intends to address this basic issue for the first time. The results of the research indicate that mystics look at security following the Qur'an and Sunnah as a possibility for worldly and otherworldly happiness, and mystics' view of following the Qur'an is based on the practical implementation of security in society. Manuscript profile

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64 - Comparison of resistance index of some wheat cultivars to the Sunn pest Eurygaster integriceps (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae)
Mina RAHIMI Akbar GHASSEMI-KAHRIZEH

Field experiments were conducted to comparing of plant resistance index (PRI) in nine wheat cultivars to the sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton, 1881 in Naghadeh region in 2014. Plants were naturally infected with pest. The number of damaged clusters was used for t More

Field experiments were conducted to comparing of plant resistance index (PRI) in nine wheat cultivars to the sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton, 1881 in Naghadeh region in 2014. Plants were naturally infected with pest. The number of damaged clusters was used for the study of antixenosis index. To investigate the antibiosis index, second instars nymphal of the pest were reared on plants grown in pots. Mortality percentages of nymphal stage were considered and analyzed as the antibiosis index. To determine the tolerance of cultivars, a field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design. Infestation occurred naturally. At the end of the season, the density of 4th and 5th instars nymph was determined on all varieties. Significant differences were observed in all studied traits (p ≤ 0.05). Plant resistance index was determined for all studied cultivars. Cultivars Rasad, Azar 2 and Saysionese were the most resistant cultivars with 8.33, 7.27 and 5.27 amounts of PRI, respectively in comparison to the others. There was a meaningful difference between antixenosis and antibiosis indices (p ≤ 0.01). Manuscript profile

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65 - Sensivity analysis of the effective input parameters upon the population flactuation of the sunn pest adult insect using Artificial Neural Network
Zahra Dustiy Naser Moeini naghadeh Abbas Ali Zamani Leila Naderloo

The Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Put. is the most important pest of wheat and barley in Iran. Many studies have shown that various biotic and abiotic environmental factors affect the population of this pest. In this study, the relationship between population densit More

The Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Put. is the most important pest of wheat and barley in Iran. Many studies have shown that various biotic and abiotic environmental factors affect the population of this pest. In this study, the relationship between population density of the Sunn pest adult insect with different environmental factors including sampling date, average daily temperature, average relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, height from sea level and degree-day was investigated. Field data were collected from two wheat farm of one-hectare in the city of Chadegan, Isfahan province. The used network type was multilayer perceptron with back propagation algorithm and the learning algorithm was Levenberg-Markvart. After sensitivity analysis due to the ease of the model and extraction of effectiveness of factors including four factors of sampling date, temperature, humidity and wind speed were selected. The results showed that a neural network with two hidden layer, 7 neuron in the first hidden layer and three neuron in the second hidden layer, as a sigmoid activation function, and a data percentage of 60, 30, 10 for training, testing and validation for prediction of population fluctuation of the Sunn pest adult insect is used (R2= 0.94). Manuscript profile

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66 - Evaluate the efficiency of commercial formulation of deltamethrin (EC and SC) against Sunn pest (Eurygaster integriceps Puton)
Hassan Javadi pouya Aziz SHEIKHI GARJAN Sohrab IMANI

Sunn is one of the major pests of wheat in the fertile age in most provinces there in wheat and barley and wheat affect their enormous losses annually. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of commercial formulation of deltamethrin (two forms of EC and SC More

Sunn is one of the major pests of wheat in the fertile age in most provinces there in wheat and barley and wheat affect their enormous losses annually. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of commercial formulation of deltamethrin (two forms of EC and SC) production in the Age of wheat. 10 business deltamethrin was prepared from 9 manufacturers. An experiment with 12 treatments and four replications in a tropical area (Buin Zahra) and cold (Koohin) in a randomized complete block design. Treatments consisted of 9 2/5 % EC deltamethrin formulations at concentrations of 300 ml per hectare of companies PR, GL, MS, BY, GA, SM, BH, AY, KV and a type of deltamethrin formulations 2/5 % SC with two concentrations of 400 and 300 ml per hectare of KV, against age and nymphs were used on infected farms wheat. Field experiments to compare the performance of different insecticides on the age of the mother in a tropical area showed that all treatments had acceptable performance but there is a significant difference between treatments (0/0001 >P). Most losses in terms of performance on the age of the mother at 5 and 10 days after treatment (91/32 and 78/35 percent, respectively) and lowest impact on the Company KV times cited, related to the GAE. Test results also insecticides on nymphs of Sunn pest in tropical and cold at 5 and 10 days after treatment showed The percentage performance of all treatments at 10 days after treatment every 2 area is more than 5 days after spraying and the percentage of SC in the third stage of formulation performance is higher than the EC formulation. In between treatments KV in the third stage had the highest percentage of efficiency. Manuscript profile

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67 - Population density of Eurygaster integriceps (Het., Scutelleridae) and spatial distribution pattern of its nymphs on irrigated wheat field in Chadegan city
Zahra Doosti Naser Moeini-Naghadeh Abbas Ali Zamani Leila Naderloo

The Sunn-pest, Eurygaster integriceps Put., is the most important insect pest of wheat and barley in Chadegan city, in Isfahan province. This study was conducted on a farm with an area of one hectare in 2015 and 2016 in Chadegan county. In this research with sampling re More

The Sunn-pest, Eurygaster integriceps Put., is the most important insect pest of wheat and barley in Chadegan city, in Isfahan province. This study was conducted on a farm with an area of one hectare in 2015 and 2016 in Chadegan county. In this research with sampling regular population fluctuation and spatial distribution nymphal stage different by using Taylor’s power law and Iwao’s patchiness regression was calculated. Based on the results of Taylor’s power law in 2015 (except 5 nymphal stage) and 2016 the spatial distribution of nymphal instars different, was determined aggregated. In Iwao’s patchiness regression, the spatial distribution of nymphal stages different in 2015, was determined aggregated and in 2016 the spatial distribution except 3 and 4 nymphal instars, was determined aggregated. Upon the results of this research, appearance date 1st to 5th nymphal instars in 2015 were observed in 10th, 16th, 16th, 19th and 26th May respectively. appearance date 1st to 5th nymphal instars in 2016 were observed in 18th, 21th, 23th, 31th May and 4th Jun respectively. Maximum density population 2nd nymphal instar that is the best time for control sunn pest was observed in 2015 and 2016, 30th may (2.43±0.65) and 4th Jun, respectively Manuscript profile

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68 - Investigation of the tolerance of promising lines of durum wheat and two wheat cultivars to E. integriceps in Neyshabur
isa jabaleh Ghazaleh Eshaghi Majid Taherian

The Sunn pest, E. integriceps, is the most important pest of wheat fields in Iran. In order to investigate the lines of Durum wheat in terms of resistance to E. integriceps, was conducted experimental in 2016, Neyshabour Research Center. The experimental design was a ra More

The Sunn pest, E. integriceps, is the most important pest of wheat fields in Iran. In order to investigate the lines of Durum wheat in terms of resistance to E. integriceps, was conducted experimental in 2016, Neyshabour Research Center. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of 20 genotype: 18 lines of durum wheat, two cultivars of Dena control and Parsi wheat cultivar. According to the results, the highest number of overwintered adults of E. integriceps was located in genotype 1 (Dena wheat) and the lowest in genotypes 12, 2 (Persian wheat) and 16. The highest number of damaged leaves was in genotype 11 and the lowest number was in genotypes 16, 10 and 6. Investigating the traits of number of sprouts showed that genotypes number 1 and 6 had the highest and lowest number of buds respectively. The days to spike emergence and number of days to physiological treatment were affected by the treatments. The highest number of days until the appearance of spike was genotype number 18 and the least of these traits were genotypes number 9, 1, 11 and 14. The maximum length of peduncle was recorded in genotypes Number 11, 9 and 15, and the lowest peduncle length was observed in genotypes1 (Dana), 16, 18 and 19. There was no significant difference between the 20 genotypes in terms of yield, biological yield and harvest index. Genotypes 1, 13 and 18, along with the important indices of Yp, Ys and GMP in the region with high production potential and low sensitivity to E. integriceps Genotypes adjacent to SSI and TOL sensitivity indexes (Genotyp 4) are also low 1000 seeds weight. Weight of 1000 grains in non-activity of E. integriceps condition (Yp) had a positive and significant correlation with geometric mean (GMP), stress tolerance index (STI) and yield index (YI). Weight of 1000 seeds in terms of activity of E. integriceps (YS), was a positive and significant correlation with all indices. Accordingly, the mean of productivity (MP), geometric mean (GMP), stress tolerance index (STI) and yeild index (YI) were the only indices that showed a positive and significant correlation with grain yield in terms of E. integriceps activity and E. integriceps inactivity. Finally, within the scope of the study, three genotypes 1, 13 and 18 were sunn pest tolerant genotypes in Neyshabur region and genotypes 4, 7 and 15 were susceptible to sunn pest with lowest 1000 seeds weight. Manuscript profile

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69 - An Aesthetic Analysis of Image in the collection of “The Sun’s collyrium” by Nader Naderpoor
arrin - taj varedi mahsa momen nasab

Nader Naderpoor (1308 – 1378) is considered as one of famous Semi – traditionalist of the present time for his romantic implientures of naturalist romanticism. This research tries to give a structural and aesthetic analysis of the images used in the poetic c More

Nader Naderpoor (1308 – 1378) is considered as one of famous Semi – traditionalist of the present time for his romantic implientures of naturalist romanticism. This research tries to give a structural and aesthetic analysis of the images used in the poetic collection of the Sun’s collyrium. To this end, the poetical elements like musical ones (external, lateral, internal and spritual) have been analyzed in his poems. The results of the research indicated that the skills of Naderpoor in lexical diction and arrangement have created a specific cohesion among the parts of speech and the structure of his poetical images. The most outstanding capacity of Naderpoor is realized in his image processing and his thoughts. The combination of the images and expressing the condensed images and their relationship, nature and human identity are the most important charactristics of his poems.    Manuscript profile

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70 - Increasing the efficiency of solar trackers by honey bee optimization algorithm
Hadieh Sadat Hosseini Amangaldi Koochaki Masood Radmehr

Most of Control systems that often used in solar trackers, use signals from the solar radiation sensorwere placed on photovoltaic panels and control mutation of panel’s motors. Since, Sun information islimited and real time measurement is difficult, the solar trac More

Most of Control systems that often used in solar trackers, use signals from the solar radiation sensorwere placed on photovoltaic panels and control mutation of panel’s motors. Since, Sun information islimited and real time measurement is difficult, the solar tracking algorithms developed withoutadditional hardware and sensors. This paper presents a method for determining the tilt and azimuthangle trajectories based on Bee Optimization Algorithm for PVs in order to achieve maximum outputenergy. Open-loop two axis sun tracking system is considered. The results show an increasing inenergy obtained by BA compared with Differential Evolution algorithm. Manuscript profile

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71 - Effect of juvenile hormone inhibitors on mature nymph of the sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), in vitro
F. Kafi Farashah R. Vafaei-Shoushtari H. Farazmand Gh. Golmohammadi E. Sanatgar

The Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), is one of the most important pest of wheat in Iran and some neighboring countries. The nymphs and adults cause sever quantitative and qualitative damage by feeding on leaves, stems and grains. Unfor More

The Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), is one of the most important pest of wheat in Iran and some neighboring countries. The nymphs and adults cause sever quantitative and qualitative damage by feeding on leaves, stems and grains. Unfortunately, pesticide application is the main method of the sunn pest control, so finding the alternative methods are important. Precocene which is a juvenile hormone inhibitor, exerts cytotoxic effects on corpora allata of insects species, resulting necrosis of parenchymal cells, the source of juvenile hormone. At laboratory studies, precocene I and precocene II with different concentrations (0, 20, 25, 32, 40 and 50 μg) were applied topically to the thoracic surface of the fifth instar nymphs. The results showed that percent mortality increased with increasing concentrations of the hormones. The highest mortality (50%) was observed in concentration of 50 μg precocene II. Treated nymphs with precocene I and II led to appearing of deformed insects in fifth instar and adults. Also, the morphological abnormalities such as strong deformation of wings and hemelytron and persistence of old cuticles were observed.  Increasing nymphal period was also resulted using precocenes   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

72 - The Sungun porphyry magma resource and the 120,000-year difference in age between the main stock and the first dike: New evidence from 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd and Pb, SHRIMP U–Pb zircon dating in NW Iran
Shohreh Hassanpour

The Sungun  copper  porphyry deposit is hosted by a Tertiary magmatic complex in  the  Azarbayjan province , northwestern Iran. The  Sungan mine  in its southern and eastern parts is limited  by early Miocene volcanic and by Late Creta More

The Sungun  copper  porphyry deposit is hosted by a Tertiary magmatic complex in  the  Azarbayjan province , northwestern Iran. The  Sungan mine  in its southern and eastern parts is limited  by early Miocene volcanic and by Late Cretaceous limestone rocks in northern and eastern parts respectively . The Sungun  deposit is associated with a suite of porphyritic granitoids and late dikes intruding within Oligo-Miocene andesitic and upper Cretaceous limestone. The Sungun porphyry system developed in multi-stage, central intrusive rocks of the early Miocene age in the Tertiary Arasbaran Magmatic Zone (AMZ). A late post-mineralized dike (DK1a) is the first dike system after the replacement of the Sungun porphyry. It has been dated with a 20.57±0.27 Ma (±2 σ). New zircon SHIRIMP U-Pb data indicates that the Sungun porphyry crystallized within the time span from 20.69±0.37 Ma (±2 σ), and the Sungun porphyry and DK1a represent a near-dated intrusive with an age difference of about 0.12 Ma (120,000 y). Their range of 87Sr/86Sr  ratios (0.70467 to 0.72278), 143Nd/144Nd ratios (0.51275 to 0.51214), 87Rb/86Sr (0.67497 to 0.67415 values), lead isotopes ranges from 18.67 to 18.86, 15.65 to 15.66, and 38.93 to 39.06 for the ratios of 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb respectively, suggest the high contributions of depleted mantle-derived magmas in the generation of Sungun stock, but crustal-contaminated origin for monzonitic body in late magmatic activities in the area. This study shows that the source of the Sungun stocks is categorized in the upper crust, typically similar to the source of porphyry deposits.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

73 - Tsunami Vulnerability Mapping Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques: A Case Study of Kollam District, Kerala, India
Ajin. R. S Mathew. K. Jacob Vinod. P. G

Tsunamis are caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a sea. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions, landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water have the pote More

Tsunamis are caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a sea. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions, landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water have the potential to generate a tsunami. The coastal areas of Kollam district, the present study area was seriously affected by the catastrophic Indian Ocean Tsunami of 26 December 2004. The present study aims to demarcate tsunami vulnerable areas in Kollam district using Remote Sensingand GIS techniques. A multi criteria decision analysis was carried out using GIS techniques. The factors selected for this study were Land use/land cover, Slope, Elevation, Geomorphology and Distance from shore line. The thematic maps were prepared by using ArcGIS and ERDAS Imagine software tools. Knowledge based weight assessment method was used to prepare the weightage maps. After weighting and ranking, the vulnerability map was prepared by combining these thematic layers by ArcGIS weighted overlay analysis. The prepared vulnerability map was classified into five zones, viz; safe, rather safe, moderate, rather vulnerable and vulnerable. The village boundary was overlaid on the vulnerability map in order to highlight the vulnerable villages. This study provides an interactive method to identify the tsunami affected areas after the disaster and mapping the tsunami vulnerable areas before the disaster, which will be helpful in managing future disasters. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

74 - Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Drought Stress on Yield and Yield Components and Percentage of Oil Seed Sunflower
Mohsen Rezaei Mohammad Nabi Ilkaee Abdol Majid Mahdavi Damghani Saeed Souphizadeh Fayaz Aghayari

10.30495/sarj.2022.1958837.1076

Many studies have been conducted on the effects of drought stress in the country and other parts of the world on oil sunflower and have been published as authoritative articles. Conclusions from a series of studies conducted using meta-analytic science help us to identi More

Many studies have been conducted on the effects of drought stress in the country and other parts of the world on oil sunflower and have been published as authoritative articles. Conclusions from a series of studies conducted using meta-analytic science help us to identify the trend of the effects of factors affecting the quantity and quality of sunflower production. This research is separated from various agricultural studies published in prestigious Iranian and foreign scientific journals and articles that were judged to be used in meta-analysis and then coded from among 62 articles; A total of 28 articles were analyzed in the meta-analysis process. The stresses applied in the studied articles were measured in three categories of normal irrigation (control) - moderate Stress - severe Stress based on the percentage of reduction of traits. Then the measured traits, which included 1000-seed weight, number of seeds according to seed oil percentage, to grain yield, were extracted from the articles. The results of drought stress meta-regression revealed that only the height trait had a considerable effect in severe drought stress; however, in the regression analysis, it was discovered that as linear stress increased, some investigated features declined, while trait Seed oil increased. With rising drought stress, this pattern remained practically consistent. The effect size of moderate and severe grain yield was insignificant compared to the control, among the results, the maximum effect size was 15 related to grain yield (-3/77), study on seed number (-3/31), study on 1000-seed weight (-0/68) and study on oil content (-0/6), drought stress according to priority, first on grain yield, number of seeds. Overall, the findings revealed that severe drought stress could significantly impact seed output and other features  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

75 - رRhetorical Analysis and Interpretation of the Image of the Sun in Mathnavi
Parvin Golizade Moxtar Ebrahimi Afsane Saadati

The article appears in the most central and most legitimate image in the mind of Rumi. The author attempts to analyze the dynamic image in the mind of Rumi. The author attempts to analyze the dynamic mage and ambiguous implications in mathnavi relying on simple linguist More

The article appears in the most central and most legitimate image in the mind of Rumi. The author attempts to analyze the dynamic image in the mind of Rumi. The author attempts to analyze the dynamic mage and ambiguous implications in mathnavi relying on simple linguistic and rhetorical statements examine his thought pattern. Rumi what then lived in balkh and fade when exposed to sunlight shams in konya was the most brilliant manifestation was right. The study almosted that the formal features and inherent sun. Rumi also for the expression of non- sensory purposes the occult and the the supernatural world and has become quite evident.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

76 - Take a Look at the Origins of Mokawamah Literature (Case study of mokawamah poetry in Islam)
Hadi Rezwan

Literature in the second half of the twentieth century and particularly after the 1967 war between Arabs and Israel were common. Poets like Mahmoud Darwish, Smyh Alqasm and others were famous poets of the term entered the world of Islam. Ode Mymyah Zuhair bin Abi Salma More

Literature in the second half of the twentieth century and particularly after the 1967 war between Arabs and Israel were common. Poets like Mahmoud Darwish, Smyh Alqasm and others were famous poets of the term entered the world of Islam. Ode Mymyah Zuhair bin Abi Salma Venice outstanding example of his literary legacy of the Arabs are. But in light of the teachings of Islam and life in the light of Quran and Prophets guidance Alshan enormous literature among the Muslims took a different hue.is considered. In this article the author tries Islam for different angles of poetry and research will be reviewed. Manuscript profile

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77 - The Tradition of Quran politico-social Research in Contemporary Iran(Sheikh Hadi Najmabadi and Asadollah Kharaghani)
Sayyed Mohsen Ale Sayyed ghafur Mona Hamidinasab

The purpose of this study is to study the flow of socio-political intellectual interactive structures and to identify the alternative components of the discursive order of religion and politics in the development of Iran's thought system. The historical writing of the t More

The purpose of this study is to study the flow of socio-political intellectual interactive structures and to identify the alternative components of the discursive order of religion and politics in the development of Iran's thought system. The historical writing of the tradition of "new-thinking Islam" is the main focus of this research. The main question of this article is about the Islamic neo-thinker's approach in the interactive relationship between original sources and the fight against the intellectual degeneration of Muslims in the political society. And what changes did this tradition see in the first Pahlavi period and what kind of connection (contradiction, friction and dialogues) did it experience with other traditions such as Faqahati Islamic tradition? The research method in this article is descriptive and analytical. Designing and answering these questions requires knowing and re-understanding the history of Iran and the history of the political thought of modern Iran. The tradition of Navandish Islam is the result of efforts and struggles of three ancient traditions, Islamic and Western. In this tradition, Iranian-Islamic concepts and teachings, which rest in an aura of heavenly and otherworldly sanctity, are mixed with the western tradition, which has an earthly perception of them, and a reinterpretation of Islam is presented. This tradition, on the one hand, deprived the political sphere of heavenly sanctity and considered the public sphere to belong to the people, and on the other hand, it did not consider science to be in conflict with religion, but considered the goal of both to be the same. Therefore, this article examines the tradition of political research on the Qur'an by studying the views of two scholars, Sheikh Hadi Najmabadi and Asadullah Kharaghani Manuscript profile

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78 - Mitigation of Atmospheric Effects on Satellite Imagery by Optimal Electro-Optic Structure
Hassan Tabarsi Abolfazl Chaman Motlaghb Abbas Bashiri

Nowadays, various systems and, tools have been used to study the components of the atmosphere. In atmospheric correction of satellite images, it is necessary to identify and use the specifications of the atmosphere during satellite crossing. For this purpose, in this re More

Nowadays, various systems and, tools have been used to study the components of the atmosphere. In atmospheric correction of satellite images, it is necessary to identify and use the specifications of the atmosphere during satellite crossing. For this purpose, in this research, designed and constructed an optimal sun-photometer system to determine the local atmospheric parameter. LabVIEW environment has been used to record Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) data and guide motors in two axes for accurate sun tracking. In this research, by calculating the aerosols optical depth and studying its behavior on different days, two CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) and CMOS (Complementary Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor) sensors have been compared to record data. A comparison of the two sensors under the same conditions showed that the responsibility of the CCD sensor is more linear than the CMOS sensor. To evaluate the performance of the designed sun-photometer system, the MODIS sensor data of Aqua and Terra satellites were used. The results showed the high capability of the developed system in measuring AOD in comparison to MODIS AOD data. By comparing the CCD and CMOS sensor data with the Terra satellite data, 80% and 71% data matching, respectively, are observed. Manuscript profile

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79 - The Role of Gender in Persian Translations of A Thousand Splendid Suns Based on Waddington’s Model
Mahjabin Jouya Sima Sayadian Amin Naeimi

  Being among the most controversial issues in the social arena, gender has always made difference among people in societies. Gender is always a topic for research including translation studies which are mainly interested in the representation of ideas in translati More

  Being among the most controversial issues in the social arena, gender has always made difference among people in societies. Gender is always a topic for research including translation studies which are mainly interested in the representation of ideas in translation process and product. This study attempted to investigate the role of gender in Persian translations of A Thousand Splendid Suns based on Waddington’s model, method C. In the present study, two translations of A Thousand Splendid Suns were studied, one of them was translated by female translators, Ganji and Soleyman Zade and the other one was translated by a male translator, Ghabraei, and they were compared based on Waddington’s model, method C. Although there were some deletion cases in male’s translation, the results of chi-square showed that there was not any significant difference between the translators in their success to maintain the quality and accuracy in translation. The results of the study showed that the female translators outperformed the male counterpart in completing the part of accuracy. It is hoped that the findings of this research would be beneficial not only to English Translation teachers and learners, but also to translators as well as translation institutes. Furthermore, translators are supposed to translate the books and avoid the errors in the present study regarding quality and accuracy. Manuscript profile

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80 - Population fluctuation of egg parasitoids of sunn pest and determining of dominant species in Varamin and vicinity
Hasan Ghahari

Population fluctuation of sunn pests’ parasitoids (Scelionidae and Encyrtidae) was studied in 5 different localities of Varamin including, Javad-Abad, Dehmacin, Gharchak, Asgar-Abad and Pishva. Seven parasitoid species including, Telenomuschloropus, Trissolcusbasa More

Population fluctuation of sunn pests’ parasitoids (Scelionidae and Encyrtidae) was studied in 5 different localities of Varamin including, Javad-Abad, Dehmacin, Gharchak, Asgar-Abad and Pishva. Seven parasitoid species including, Telenomuschloropus, Trissolcusbasalis, Tr. grandis, Tr. rufiventris, Tr. semistriatus, Tr. vassilievi and Ooencyrtustelenomicida were collected from the mentioned regions. Upon the samplings in Gharchak, 4 species, T. semistriatus, T. grandis, T. Vassilievi and T. Rufiventris, were collected which of these T. semistriatus and T. grandis were determined as dominant species. Mean percent parasitism of T. semistriatus was higher than the other species and the highest parasitism (44.63%) was obtained in 22 May 2014. In Pishva, 5 parasitoids, T. grandis, T. vassilievi, T. semistriatus, T. chloropus and T. Basalis, were collected, which T. grandisand T. vassilievi were the dominant. The parasitism of these two parasitoids were started in 10 April 2014 and the maximum parasitism of T. grandis(27.89%) in 22 May 2014 and for T. vassilievi (22.39%) in 29 May 2014. Parasitoids of sunn pest in Javad-Abad were identified as T. rufiventris, T. grandis and Telenomus chloropus which of these, T. rufiventris was determined as the dominant species. The beginning of its parasitism activity was observed in 17 April 2014 and its maximum (26.44%) in 7 May 2014. The collected species in Dehmacin were included T. semistriatus, T. vassilievi, T. grandis and O. telenomicida which 2 species T. semistriatus and O. telenomicida were the dominant. The maximum percent parasitism was obtained in 22 May 2014 for T. semistriatus and 29 May 2014 for O. telenomicida. Six parasitoid species including, O. telenomicida, T. rufiventris, T. vassilievi, T. grandis, T. semistriatus and T. simony were collected from Asgar-Abad, which of these 3 first species were the dominant species. The highest percent parasitism for T. vassilievi(16.68%) and T. rufiventris (13.21%) was obtained in 22 May, 2014, and for T. grandis(23.72%)in 5 June 2014. Regarding to sex ratio of parasitoids, mean percent of emerged females was more than the male production in all sampled regions. Manuscript profile

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81 - Effect of biochar and supper absorbent on remediation of Cadmium by sunflower(Helianthus annuus L .) from contaminated soil
Arash Borzoo Mohammad Reza Momayezi Alireza Nowroozi

This experiment was conducted in order to investigate effect of  biochar and superabsorbent in the phytoremediation of cadmium from contaminated soil by sunflower. This experiment conducted in the greenhouse of the faculyy of agriculture of Islamic azad university, More

This experiment was conducted in order to investigate effect of  biochar and superabsorbent in the phytoremediation of cadmium from contaminated soil by sunflower. This experiment conducted in the greenhouse of the faculyy of agriculture of Islamic azad university, Varamin-Pishva and Qarchak branch, in a factorial and completely randomized design. The treatments included biochar at 4 levels 0, 1, 2 and 4g/kg of soil and superabsorbent at 2 levels 0 and 4 g/kg of soil. The soil pots was contaminated with 60 mg/kg of cadmium from the source of cadmium sulfate and then 3 sunflower seeds of Azar Gol variety were planted in each pot. After two weeks, two of them were thinned. Plants were harvested 75 days after planting and the amount of cadmium in leaves, stems, roots, seeds and oil was measured. Also, the absorption coefficient and transfer coefficient of cadmium were calculated. The results showed that biochar and superabsorbent had a significant effect on the amount of cadmium in the stem, cadmium in the root and absorption coefficient. Regarding the interaction effect, only a significant effect was observed on the amount of cadmium in the stem. According to the obtained results, the addition of 4 grams of biochar per kilogram of soil caused the most significant increase in the amount of cadmium in the stem, root and transfer coefficient, and the lowest was observed in the control treatment. Among the superabsorbent treatments, the highest content of cadmium in the stem, root and transfer coefficient was obtained in the treatment of 4 grams of superabsorbent and the lowest content of cadmium in the stem, root and the corresponding transfer coefficient was obtained in the control treatment. Manuscript profile

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82 - The use of renewable energies for air conditioning and its role in reforming consumption patterns
Nima Hemmati

This paper examines the opportunities and potential use of renewable energy resources in Iran's.The energy necessary for economic development , social and quality of life and continuous energy, and sustainable economic growth is necessary for any development .Iran has c More

This paper examines the opportunities and potential use of renewable energy resources in Iran's.The energy necessary for economic development , social and quality of life and continuous energy, and sustainable economic growth is necessary for any development .Iran has considerable natural resources to modernize energy supply and the transition to a sustainable energy system is .For the use of wind energy , geothermal energy , hydroelectric power development and use of solar thermal energy is ideal context forIn addition, this study is based on a case study on renewable energy and solar thermal energy and its use in the air conditioning to reduce the use of fossil fuels and the greenhouse effect is taken into consideration . Manuscript profile

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83 - Evidence of the Presence of the Hassuna Culture in the West of Central Zagros (Tepe Nazargah, Sarpol-e-Zahab County)
Naser Aminikhah Farhad Fatahi

10.30495/peb.2022.699719

The Hassuna culture (ca. 6000-5300 BC) belonging to the late Neolithic Age, is considered one of the first cultures of the Village period in Zagros. The Hassuna culture evidence has been found in Northwest Iran and recently in the east of Zagros, which shows the spread More

The Hassuna culture (ca. 6000-5300 BC) belonging to the late Neolithic Age, is considered one of the first cultures of the Village period in Zagros. The Hassuna culture evidence has been found in Northwest Iran and recently in the east of Zagros, which shows the spread of this culture. However, no evidence of Hassuna has been found in Central Zagros, especially in its western regions. In the fall of 2021, a rescue archaeological survey was conducted in the Havasan dam area located in Sarpol-e Zahab County, Kermanshah Province. This research is mainly aimed at investigating the possible cultural interactions of the region with neighboring regions, especially Mesopotamia. The finding of pieces of peeling tray pottery, one of the cultural characteristics of Hassuna, on Tepe Nazargah indicates the cultural connections between Iran's Zagros and northern Mesopotamia in this period.  In this article, in addition to introducing the material culture of Tepe Nazargah, we have also discussed the reasons for the importance of the study area. Manuscript profile

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84 - Analytic View to Symbolic Designs and Religious Symbols in Achaemenid Art
Iraj Rezaei

Although many things about Achaemenids’ religion are vague and not clear, the evidences we have at hand show that, like other era in the Middle East, religion and religious traditions have played an important role in people’s life in this era too. As objects More

Although many things about Achaemenids’ religion are vague and not clear, the evidences we have at hand show that, like other era in the Middle East, religion and religious traditions have played an important role in people’s life in this era too. As objects remained from this period show, lots of Achaemenids’ reliefs were symbolic and undeniably related to religious concepts and believes. On the other hand, since many of these reliefs have been common among other people in Near East and have clearly had a religious theme in pre Achaemenid period, it is supposed that their reappearance in Achaemenid period in a new form is related to their Mazdaism believes. The most important religious and symbolic reliefs looked at in this paper are: Winged disc, Sun, Moon, Star, Fire altar and Barsam. Manuscript profile

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85 - Application of Geographical Location Differences of the Sun- Path Diagram in Climatic Architecture
Hossein Inanlou Sara Ataee

Manuscript profile

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86 - Fathali Shah Qajar's religious policy towards the Sunnis in Iran
Amir Akbari Mohammad Kaviani Yeganeh

The historical sources of Qajar era have made a devout image of Fathali Shah, the second Qajarid monarch. His rule over the world's largest Shia country on one hand and Iran's being neighbored by Sunni States on the other hand makes his religious policy towards the Sunn More

The historical sources of Qajar era have made a devout image of Fathali Shah, the second Qajarid monarch. His rule over the world's largest Shia country on one hand and Iran's being neighbored by Sunni States on the other hand makes his religious policy towards the Sunnis of great importance which is the goal of this research. Historical sources show that the strategic policy of the Qajar kings including Fathali Shah towards the Sunnis is based on minimal confrontation, religious tolerance and attempting to realize Islamic unity which can be called "an interactive policy". Examples such as religious freedom, social security, the absence of narratives about military conflict with the Sunnis, trying to incline the Sunnis of marginal regions to the central government, the penetration of Sunni Sufi scholars into the royal court and the relations of the Sunnis with Shia statesmen and scholars support this idea. Possible influence of the Infallible Imams’ narrations urging the Shiites to coexist with the non-Shiites, absence of political or religious challenges from the Sunnis, the subsidence of radical anti-Sunnism among the Shiites, the prevail of the school of Mujtahidin and the gradual disappearance of Akhbari school among Shia scholars, the threat of Western colonialism and the necessity of Islamic alliance and preventing the Sunnis of marginal regions from immigrating or joining the rival Sunni neighbors of the Qajar government are the most important reasons of adopting such a policy. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the data gathering method is a desk study. Manuscript profile

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87 - The connection between Sufism and Shiism in the ninth century AH in Iran
pourndokht ramazanjamaat nasser Jadidi masoud mohammadi

10.30495/hstr.2022.1947497.1724

The extraordinary development of Sufism and the proliferation of monasteries is a feature of the ninth century AH in Iran. On the other hand, the beginning of this century is a significant period in the history of Shiism in Iran; Because Sufism in this period became the More

The extraordinary development of Sufism and the proliferation of monasteries is a feature of the ninth century AH in Iran. On the other hand, the beginning of this century is a significant period in the history of Shiism in Iran; Because Sufism in this period became the link between Sunni and Shiite and Shiism itself was crystallized in the form of Sufism and this issue played an important role in the spread and influence of Shiism in many lands of most Sunni religions. Many sects of thought with the Shiite approach such as Harufiyeh, Moshasheieh, Noorbakhshieh and Nemat Elahieh in transferring the Iranian intellectual approach from Sunni to Shiite in the ninth century AH finally provided the grounds for the emergence of the Safavid Shiite government in every way. How Sufism was incorporated into Shi'ism is one of the topics that has always been questioned by scholars.This research seeks to study the proximity and connection between Sufism and Shiism in the ninth century AH with a descriptive and analytical method and analyze its consequences. It was especially religious in connection with Sufism and Shi'ism of the previous period. Manuscript profile

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88 - Tabari's reflection in the treaties between Iran and the Ottomans from Safavid to Qajar
hamideh taghizadehsis Mohammad taghi Emami Khoi Mohamad Kalhor

With the rise of the Safavid Shiite government in the neighborhood of the Ottoman Caliphate, their reliance on Tabra to justify war between the two religions could pave the way for persuading soldiers to go to war with each other; Therefore, we are witnessing the widesp More

With the rise of the Safavid Shiite government in the neighborhood of the Ottoman Caliphate, their reliance on Tabra to justify war between the two religions could pave the way for persuading soldiers to go to war with each other; Therefore, we are witnessing the widespread political application of this jurisprudential ruling by the Safavids. This article examines ten contracts from the Safavid period to the Qajar period, with the aim of answering a few questions: As an jurisprudential ruling, what effect has Tabra had on the political arena of Iran-Ottoman relations? In which of these treaties are the Safavids forbidden from Tabra? And what obligation did the Ottomans accept in the face of this obligation? The present study, conducted through the method of historical research based on analysis, reflects the fact that the rulers of the two countries, whenever their interests demanded, used Tebra as a political weapon to oppose each other. Another is that throughout the Safavid period, the prohibition of Tabra was a fixed clause in all Iranian contracts with the Ottomans. Manuscript profile

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89 - THE Study of Mufid political and intellectual interaction with gowernors of Buveyhid
leila taghavi bahram amani

Iranian Shi'a commanders of Buveyhid  was able to overcome the Abbasid caliphates of Baghdad more than a century .and  they perform  worthy services of the social, cultural and Intellectual  in Iran and Iraq, and also provided Appropriate space for More

Iranian Shi'a commanders of Buveyhid  was able to overcome the Abbasid caliphates of Baghdad more than a century .and  they perform  worthy services of the social, cultural and Intellectual  in Iran and Iraq, and also provided Appropriate space for religious and academic  activities of Shiites. at this time the great Shiite scholars such as Sheikh Mufid, Sheikh Sadough and seyed Mortazi were engaged in teaching. - In this paper, interactions  governors Buveyhid  with one of the largest Shiite scholars Sheikh Mufid'  was studied, This study shows that on the one hand Sheikh as famous Shia scholar by holding discussant sessions, writing many books and educating students attempted for dynamics of Shiite jurisprudence and theology .On the other hand Depending on the time of He had a limited relationship and interaction with the rulers (They were a Shi'ite tendencies)  he was in great standing with the some commanders of Buveyhid sucha zdaldvlh. But at the same time, sheikh mufid   In the second half of his life,( Which coincides with weakness of Buveyhid Rulers and Abbasid power reorientation , and thus weaken the position of the Shiites) exiled Thrice  following shia- sunni conflict. Manuscript profile

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90 - Nader Shah's religion
hosein ebrahimi mohammad radmanesh

The truth of Nader Shah's religion is one other questions which has faced with so many different answers and ideas from the sources were written at the same time of Nader's life and also same sources-at most Europeans and few interiors-have accused him of an ungodly per More

The truth of Nader Shah's religion is one other questions which has faced with so many different answers and ideas from the sources were written at the same time of Nader's life and also same sources-at most Europeans and few interiors-have accused him of an ungodly person. Some others have introduced him an adventures person who was going to create a new branch in Islam. His tendency to sunnism and shiitism has also mentioned in so many sources. As we see since there are so many different ideas about Nader Shah's religion, it is extremely essential to make a special separate research about this topic. In this research, we have tried to find out the truth of Nader Shah's religion. Manuscript profile

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91 - Ghazan,s Submitting to Islam and its effect and Consequences on other Existing Religion and Sects in Iran.
mohammad karim usef jamali

Ghazan Khan was the elder son of Arghun Khan ,who was born in the Friday morning of 29th Rabi. All Akhar 670A.H.,in a village called "Abskun" in "Sultan Dawin ) in Mazandaran. After the death of Arghun and murdering of Gikhatu and Baydu , in the year of 694A.H.,he thron More

Ghazan Khan was the elder son of Arghun Khan ,who was born in the Friday morning of 29th Rabi. All Akhar 670A.H.,in a village called "Abskun" in "Sultan Dawin ) in Mazandaran. After the death of Arghun and murdering of Gikhatu and Baydu , in the year of 694A.H.,he throned Himself as Ilkhan in Tabriz with the effords of Amir Nuruz,the Muslem Amir of Arghun. Coming to power of Ghazan was coincided with his acceptance of Islam (Hanafi sect) and getting power of hanafi Olama in Tabriz and elsewhere. At this time the situation in Tabriz became intolerable for non-muslems and other sects. Especiually the idol-temples, destruction of synagogues and Nasrani churches as well as Jewish synagogue were emanated .The centers Of idols ,belfry and cross were destructed in all over of Azarbayjan. Tabriz especially became empty of the presence of non-muslems. This paper considers and shows Ghazan,s efforts in widespreding Islam and its Sharia and the consequences of his submitting to Islam,his negligences and encountering intelligently with other religions as far as the main sources allow us.   Manuscript profile

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92 - Fathali Shah Qajar's religious policy towards the Sunnis in Iran
عباس سرافرازی محمد کاویانی یگانه

The historical sources of Qajar era have made a devout image of Fathali Shah، the second Qajarid monarch. His rule over the world's largest Shia country on one hand and Iran's being neighbored by Sunni States on the other hand makes his religious policy towards the Sunn More

The historical sources of Qajar era have made a devout image of Fathali Shah، the second Qajarid monarch. His rule over the world's largest Shia country on one hand and Iran's being neighbored by Sunni States on the other hand makes his religious policy towards the Sunnis of great importance which is the goal of this research. Historical sources show that the strategic policy of the Qajar kings including Fathali Shah towards the Sunnis is based on minimal confrontation، religious tolerance and attempting to realize Islamic unity which can be called "an interactive policy". Examples such as religious freedom، social security، the absence of narratives about military conflict with the Sunnis، trying to incline the Sunnis of marginal regions to the central government، the penetration of Sunni Sufi scholars into the royal court and the relations of the Sunnis with Shia statesmen and scholars support this idea. Possible influence of the Infallible Imams’ narrations urging the Shiites to coexist with the non-Shiites، absence of political or religious challenges from the Sunnis، the subsidence of radical anti-Sunnism among the Shiites، the prevail of the school of Mujtahidin and the gradual disappearance of Akhbari school among Shia scholars، the threat of Western colonialism and the necessity of Islamic alliance and preventing the Sunnis of marginal regions from immigrating or joining the rival Sunni neighbors of the Qajar government are the most important reasons of adopting such a policy. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the data gathering method is a desk study.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

93 - the intraction of governments and sunni scholars in the establishment of the lawfulness for the government
M. Mahdavian

The lawfulness or lack of lawfulness of the governments in the Muslemworld is one of the important theoretical discussions of Muslem scholarsand thinkers . Each of the diverse parties has investigated lawfulnessfrom its own point of view. The establishment of lowfulness More

The lawfulness or lack of lawfulness of the governments in the Muslemworld is one of the important theoretical discussions of Muslem scholarsand thinkers . Each of the diverse parties has investigated lawfulnessfrom its own point of view. The establishment of lowfulness for thegovernment has been a great concern for governers.Most of the Sunni scholars have selected to fix the current situation andadvocated the Caliphate and current governments with the subterfuge ofpreventing divirgences and civilwars . In this article, it has been tried toclarify the thought divergence between Sunnis and Shiite aboutgovernment with regard to some of the thoughtful bases of Sunnischorars.It can be maintained that Sunni scholars have always advocatedCaliphate and the contemporary governments and havenot intendedestablish an ideal government ; wheres the Shiite have always been inthe direction of establishing an ideal government on the bases of Shiitecriteria. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

94 - The extension and depth variations of mineralization under Sungun skarn zone and its effect on areas environment
صولت atalou

The extension of Sungun porphyry penetration in eastern part of Sungun river and its intrusion with surfacecarbonate rocks have caused skarnization and carbonate mineralization on surface and solphid mineralization on surface and in depth.The collision of this mass with More

The extension of Sungun porphyry penetration in eastern part of Sungun river and its intrusion with surfacecarbonate rocks have caused skarnization and carbonate mineralization on surface and solphid mineralization on surface and in depth.The collision of this mass with surface carbonate rocks having a northern-southern range has created pyrite solphid minerals, 4 boreholes out of 6 borehole in a distance of 100±8 m located in N-S prophile (row) made it possible to study a vertical zone of 140800 square meters which was investigated based on 12820 different data about the changes in lithology, Each of these 3 haloes is extended in a north-south range in both sides with various intensities. diorite porphyry, diorite dikes and less hornfels and tuff. Mineralization type is disseminated and vinlets and is limited to quartz-seresite alteration and fracture zone.Quartz seresite alteration is very important and coloristic, Mineralization, Extension of Mineralization haloes, Various minerals and other evidence that the thing that was called Sungun skarn mineralization part are not something except the surface reflexes of surface skarn and are the rest part of the penetrated porphyry mass of mineralization of Sungun in east of the river.The existance of mineral ore in the form of mostly sulfide composition is considered as a great potentioal in order to create environmental contamination like soil, water, jungle and beast animal survival areas.The permanent record of precise measurement systems and using artificial intelligence to avoid the entrance of metals and environmental contamination is deemed to be significant. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

95 - The characteristics of the optimal sunlit space according to operative temperature and energy simulation in mountain villages (Case study: Shemiranat villages of Tehran)
Sepideh Babazadeh Saloot , Mansoureh Tahbaz, Leila Karimifard, Seyed Amir Mansouri

10.22094/lsj.2023.704901

The alleys of the villages are the narrators of the people who were the creators of architecture not so long ago, which today is the study platform of many researchers for the settlement and construction of Iran.What causes this attention and importance is the achieveme More

The alleys of the villages are the narrators of the people who were the creators of architecture not so long ago, which today is the study platform of many researchers for the settlement and construction of Iran.What causes this attention and importance is the achievement that is the result of years of life experience of rural people.In order to preserve and maintain the villages, it is inevitable to pay attention to harmony with the environment, landscape and climate and to use renewable energies instead of fossil fuels. This research deals with one of the most important and fundamental components of climate and environmental compatibility, that is, paying attention to solar energy in rural houses in cold and mountainous areas.Paying attention to the space of the sunny courtyard in the body of rural houses, although it is related to the architecture of the past; But paying attention to solar energy is not limited by time and the mutual and inevitable connection of local context and new constructions shows the important fact that in order to maintain kinship and connection between rural structures and to optimize and save energy consumption, reflection and attention to local patterns and creating links In the form of new and modern architecture, it is vital, important and valuable for the village.The main goal of this research is to identify and introduce the sunlit space and to express its role in creating a micro-climate in order to benefit from renewable solar energy and save energy.The basic and important question of this research is, what are the characteristics of a favorable and effective sunlit space in microclimate and what factors does it depend on? And what role does new architecture and construction have on the quality of the sunlit space, sometimes neglecting the solar envelope and creating unwanted shadows on the sunlit space of the vernacular houses?This research is an applied research in terms of its purpose and it is a qualitative-quantitative research in terms of its nature.Collecting the information of this research was done by library and documentary method and a significant part of it was done in the field and in the villages.The sample community in this research was the mountain villages of Shemiranat, Tehran, based on factors, 10 villages were selected, and after many observations in these villages, 40 native houses were visited, studied and analyzed. The studied statistical population, along with conversations and qualitative interviews with the villagers and residents of these native houses, a selected example with a dominant sunny courtyard, was simulated by Design Builder software in order to answer the problem and validate the local conversations. The design builder software that was used in this research is a building energy performance simulation user interface that uses the Energy Plus simulation engine. This tool calculates and analyzes the heat transfer from different levels of the building throughout the year and estimates the temperature of the indoor environment. In this way, by taking into account the type of facility system and taking into account the appropriate temperature of the environment, the amount of energy consumption of the building can be obtained.According to the results of the research and many examples observed in the mountain villages, the quality of the sunny courtyard and the extent of its influence in creating a microclimate are dependent on several factors that oblige the builders of rural housing to comply with the rules in construction.The idea of using the sunlit space is often suitable for climates that are cold and there is a need to intensify the flow of solar energy and heat into the building; Therefore, as much importance is given to energy absorption as it is to preserve it in the internal environment. Therefore, using a covered balcony, which the villagers do with experience, and cover the sun porches and courtyards with plastic in winter, will create an uncontrolled space (similar to a greenhouse) that will also contribute to the energy supply of the company. and it is very effective and by reducing the temperature difference, it will reduce heat loss; Therefore, in general, the issue of design should be looked at as a set of solutions, and definitely one element or factor alone will not guarantee ideal and optimal conditions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

96 - Relationships between Oil and Grain Yield with Morphologic Traits in Single Cross Hybrids of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
A.R. Tarinejad P. Ramezani V. Rashidi M. Ghafari

Grain and oil yield in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) are quantitative traits, which are products of interactions between numbers of traits. Thus, evaluation of different traits and their relationships are important to the researcher. In this study, important agronomi More

Grain and oil yield in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) are quantitative traits, which are products of interactions between numbers of traits. Thus, evaluation of different traits and their relationships are important to the researcher. In this study, important agronomic traits and their relationships in sixteen single cross hybrids in a randomized complete block design experiment with three replications were investigated during 2009 at the Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch. Result indicated that all of the morphological traits except ratio of kernel/achen, area of the flag leaf and hull weight per head were significant at 5% probability levels. Mean comparisons showed that hybrids including 8(CMS322×R2) and 13(CMS346×R56) possessed promising traits such as seed and oil yield, 100-seed weight, head diameter, stem diameter, total number of seeds per head, ratio of kernel/achen, day to flowering, the number and area of leaf to include in breeding programs. The result also showed that correlations between grain yield and with other traits such as growing period length¸ day to physiological maturity and stem diameter¸ head diameter¸ number of seeds per head and number of filled seeds per were head positive and significant at 5% probability levels.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

97 - Effect of Planting Date and Weed Control Methods on Yield and Agronomic Traits of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Khoy Region
M. Akbari M. Roshdi S. Rezadoust

Effects of planting dates and weed control methods on yield and agronomic traits of sunflower was investigated. A factorial experiment based on a complete randomized blocks design with four replications was conducted in 2009. Treatments consisted of three planting date More

Effects of planting dates and weed control methods on yield and agronomic traits of sunflower was investigated. A factorial experiment based on a complete randomized blocks design with four replications was conducted in 2009. Treatments consisted of three planting date (April 4th, May5th and Juns5th) and five weed control methods, Trifluralin (2 Lit/ha) + Fokus (1.5 Lit/ha), Trifluralin+Nabu-s (3Lit/ha), Trifluralin, Hand weeding and without control. Results indicated that planting dates and weed control methods significantly affected head diameter, 100 grain weight, seed number per head and grain yield. Harvest index and oil percent was affected only by planting dates. The highest grain yield (630.1 g/m2), was produced in the second planting date (May 5) by using Trifluralin+Fokus. Delaying sowing date (after May 5) significantly decreased grain yield. The most important weeds in the experimental site were common lambsquarter (Chenopodium album), field bind weed (Convolvulus arvensis), bastard cabbage (Rapistrum rugosum), flower-of-an-hour (Hibiscus trionum), cockspur grass (Echinochloa colorum) and green bristle grass (Setaria verticillata). It was observed that the dry matter weight sharply varied in all weed species in different planting dates, that is, in the 4th April the dry matter production of common lambsquarter and bastard cabbage, in June 5th planting date were maximum. Dry matter of broad leaf and narrow leaf weeds in the date of May 5th was lower than the other two planting dates. The interaction of planting date ×control methods on head diameter, seed number per head, grain yield and weeds dry matter was significant. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

98 - Effects of Foliar Rates of Methanol Applications on some of Traits Related to Seed Yield of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under Water Deficit Stress
E. Khalilvand Behrouzyar M. Yarnia E. Farajzadeh M. Herischi

To investigate the effects of rates of methanol foliar applications under water deficit stress on someof traits related to seed yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L), a split plot experiment was conducted during growing seasons of 2011-2012. Treatments were four leve More

To investigate the effects of rates of methanol foliar applications under water deficit stress on someof traits related to seed yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L), a split plot experiment was conducted during growing seasons of 2011-2012. Treatments were four levels of water deficit stresses a1: severe stress (irrigation at 25% FC), a2: mild stress (irrigation at 50% FC), a3: fair stress (irrigation at 75% FC) and a4: normal irrigation (irrigation at 100% FC) and six levels of foliar methanol applications [b1:0, b2:7, b3:14, b4:21, b5:28 and b6:35 (v/v)]. The analysis of variance showed significant effect of interaction between water deficit stress and methanol rates of foliar applications on seed yield per plant, dry weight per plant, number of seeds per head (p<0.01) and percentage of seed per fruit (p<0.05). The highest (96.69 g/plant) and the lowest (67.78 g/plant) seed yields were related to the 21% [v/v] foliar application of methanol under normal irrigation and control (without methanol application) in severe stress respectively (seed yield increase of about 42%). 21% (v/v) foliar application of methanol under normal irrigation also resulted in highest ( 53.34 g) and 0% (v/v) foliar application of methanol under severe stress in the lowest (31.42 g) oil yield per plant (69% increase). Also, 21% (v/v) foliar application of methanol under normal irrigation resulted in highest (465.4 g) and in severe stress had the lowest (191.5 g) dry weight per plant (a 2.4 fold increase in dry seed weight). Besides,the highest seed number per head was related to 21% (v/v) methanol foliar application under normal irrigation. Using 21% (v/v) methanol foliar application under normal irrigation increased seed number per head by 2/3 times in comparison with that of control under severe drought stress. The results also proved that 14% (v/v) foliar application of methanol under normal irrigation did increase seed (achene) yield by 32% and reduced percentage of ovary wall to seed by 2/1 fold.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

99 - The Effects of Water Deficit Stress on Some Morphological Characteristics and Grain Yield of Armavirsky Cultivar Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
E. Abbasi Seyahjani F. Farhvash H. Kazemi Arbat M.B. Khorshidi Benam

To investigate the effects of water deficit on some morphological characteristics and grain yieldof Armavirsky sunflower cultivar, an experiment in a randomized complete block design was conducted in Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz branch with three More

To investigate the effects of water deficit on some morphological characteristics and grain yieldof Armavirsky sunflower cultivar, an experiment in a randomized complete block design was conducted in Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz branch with three replications. Five levels of drought stress consisted: (D1=50, D2=100, D3=150, D4=200 and D5=250 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan). Results showed that grain yields were 5486, 4480, 3080, 2460 and 2260 kg per hectare for D1 to D5 respectively. Increasing water deficit levels decreased grain yield, oil percentage, no. of grain per head, 100 seed weight, dry weight, stem diameter, head diameter, leaf area index, relative water content, chlorophyll content. While increased adaixial stomata number, percentage of empty seed and stomatal resistance. However, the differences between D1 and D2 were only significant for 100 grain weight, empty seed percentage, and no. of grain per head; It seems that these traits begin to increase after flowering; thus, if can be suggested that early irrigations of Armavirsky up to flowering may be carried out by D2 and then after by D1 levels to optimize seed yield and prevent significant decrease in other attributes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

100 - Investigating the Functioning of "Social Conditions" in the Interpretation of Shi'a and Sunni commentators from the verse of Mavadat from the point of view of religious sociology
Hasan Abassi Seyyed Mohammad Bager Hojati

One of the required knowledge of the interpreter in understanding the Qur’an verses is the knowledge of the social conditions of the audience of the words and descendant situations. Social conditions can have dual functions of the age of descent and the interprete More

One of the required knowledge of the interpreter in understanding the Qur’an verses is the knowledge of the social conditions of the audience of the words and descendant situations. Social conditions can have dual functions of the age of descent and the interpreter's age. The interpreter's attention to the first function (social conditions of the age of descent) in the process of interpreting the verse of Mavadat is a necessity. Therefore, the author, by examining the social conditions of the most important Shia and Sunni interpretations, has concluded that interpretations of the first function have played the least role. However, the second function, with the prevailing social and political conditions of the caliphs in different periods, by forging the appropriate theological premises of the theologians and the practical actions of the caliphs and its politicians, led to the failure of most commentators to abide by the principle of neutrality and prevented them from paying attention to the first function of the element of social conditions, namely the social conditions of the age of descent and explanation of the verse of Mavadat. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

101 - Opposition of Sunni jurists and theologians to the exaltation of the Qiblah
Abasali Rostami-Sani

The term blasphemy seems to be the most widespread word in the modern media, thousands of articles, tens of books, and edited analysis, and unfortunately the face of Islam, with its compassion, mercy and compassion, It has turned violent, devastating, and hostilities ha More

The term blasphemy seems to be the most widespread word in the modern media, thousands of articles, tens of books, and edited analysis, and unfortunately the face of Islam, with its compassion, mercy and compassion, It has turned violent, devastating, and hostilities have intensified religious and ethnic strife, crushing the resistance and destroying the Middle East by destroying weapons. If so, why should war be allowed to kill Muslims? You know? They respond that we fight the polytheists for obedience to Islam, Islam, and religion, and prosperity if they are killed, while the majority of Sunni predecessors and practitioners find this documentary evidence contradictory. We have quoted Sunni jurists and scholars from credible sources, the majority of whom do not exaggerate the Qiblah, and respect the life, property, and esteem of the Muslims, and exaggerate the rest of the Muslims who regard themselves as the criterion of right and wrong. They protest that they have written books against them. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

102 - Recognition of the Usage of Customs in the Jurisprudence System
khatereh shahinfard لیلا مهرابی راد Ali Tavallaei

10.3495/jiil.2023.1889388.1380

Convention is a source of subject laws so that we can consider many cases in the social order to be consequences of the common law or convention. A review of the early Islamic texts indicates that convention has been used as evidence for some minor jurisprudence rules, More

Convention is a source of subject laws so that we can consider many cases in the social order to be consequences of the common law or convention. A review of the early Islamic texts indicates that convention has been used as evidence for some minor jurisprudence rules, and the theologians of the 2nd century AH have used it in their jurisprudence system. The present article takes a historical approach to review some functions of conventions in the jurisprudence system. The main difference between Imamieh and the Sunnite is the qualification of conventions in jurisprudence. In Imamieh convention is vastly applied to recognize the subject of rules and determine their concepts, limits, and instances. Implied significations are sometimes based on conventional requirements, and convention is always considered worthwhile as a clue to delimitations and determinations required by the jurisprudence expert. Moreover, exploration of jurisprudence based on the common law which is connected to the age of Innocent Imam (PBUH) can be a tradition. It must be reminded that the essential rules of reasoning and contention are discovered or confirmed on the basis of common law or convention.Key words: convention, common law, Sunnite jurisprudence, Imamieh jurisprudence, general custom, special custom Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

103 - A Comparative Study related to Husband's Permission for his Wife to Go out for Work in Shia and Sunni jurisprudents' Views
Abdoolrasool Ahmadian

10.22034/ijrj.2019.669368

Women's employment has become increasingly unavoidable in today's world. However, it is impermissible for a wife to go out for work except with her husband's permission, otherwise it can be considered as her disobedience or her refusal to fulfil her marital duties "NASH More

Women's employment has become increasingly unavoidable in today's world. However, it is impermissible for a wife to go out for work except with her husband's permission, otherwise it can be considered as her disobedience or her refusal to fulfil her marital duties "NASHUZ''. Concerning the wife's permission restriction to get out of the house, a group of Islamic jurists believes in the absolute necessity of receiving such permission from the male spouse while another group argues that it is permissible for the female spouse to go out unless it contradicts with her "absolute sexual submission". After all, the female spouse can get out of the house and work if needed. All Islamic religious parties are in consensus that if the female spouse employment - whether at home or away - is in full contradiction with the absolute right of male spouse regarding wife's sexual submission, it basically needs the consent of the male spouse in this respect. Shia and Sunni jurists share the same view that female spouse employment should not be conflicted with the interests of the family, nor with the dignity of both spouses, nor with the duty of parenting and strengthening the family. Having responsibility for providing care and support for the family, the male spouse can monitor and manage his wife's commute. Furthermore, according to the principle of free will, the female spouse can take possession of her properties while her husband has no right to interfere in her personal affairs, although the consent of her husband is considered to be a virtue. The employment option and the permission to get out of the house, as the condition of marriage, can be included in the prenuptial agreement or marriage contract by the female spouse. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

104 - Artificial Simulation in Viewpoints of Sunni Jurists
Seyed Reza Ehsanpour Hadi Garakani Madiheh Hashempour

10.22034/ijrj.2019.666891

Sunni jurists have different views about the artificial simulation. Permission or forbiddance of simulation depends on its type: IUI or IVF. Most of the jurists who oppose IUI believe that it is against the Quran verses and Sunna of Holly Prophet and results in disturbi More

Sunni jurists have different views about the artificial simulation. Permission or forbiddance of simulation depends on its type: IUI or IVF. Most of the jurists who oppose IUI believe that it is against the Quran verses and Sunna of Holly Prophet and results in disturbing the lineage. In addition, IUI surgery pre-requirements are ejaculation by sperm donor and touching body of women by physician to simulate, which both of them are forbidden. On the other side, those jurists who are in believe of artificial simulation surgeries answers: there are no clear and explicit Islamic verses, which ban this kind of surgery, it never results in lineage disturbance and ejaculating for obtaining sperm from husbands by their wives will solve the forbiddance (Hurmat). In addition, there is a juridical rule saying: Necessities makes bans and forbiddance permitted. Arguments about simulating by sperm of dead or divorced husband are more controversial. In sum, most of the Sunni jurists believe that artificial simulation is permitted only if done in waiting time of death and divorce. These arguments are also true about IVF but some jurists depended it on some conditions including ensuring the right of the fetus life. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

105 - A Comparative Study of the Relationship between Submission and Alimony in Shia and Sunni jurisprudents' Views
Abdol Rasoul Ahmadian

10.22034/ijrj.2018.541391

      Women's sexual submission (Tamkin) refers to the consequences of living up to their marital obligations. The male spouse, on the other hand, has some duties to his wife which paying alimony is one of them according to custom and law. There More

      Women's sexual submission (Tamkin) refers to the consequences of living up to their marital obligations. The male spouse, on the other hand, has some duties to his wife which paying alimony is one of them according to custom and law. There are many verses and narratives that can be used to prove the necessity of paying alimony and considering the extent of sexual submission. Focusing on Shia and Sunni jurisprudents' views, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the alimony and sexual submission as well as clarify its principles in detail. There are three points of view from which the necessity to pay alimony can be considered among Imamiyah Jurists. Tamkin, or unhampered sexual access, has been regarded as a replacement or quasi-replacement for the monetary and alimony condition by famous Fiqh scholars. Some believe that marriage contract is to establish arrangements for paying alimony, unless those women who refuse to fulfil their marital duties, while others are in consensus that alimony is necessary due to the fact that the male spouse is assigned to preside over family life and the female spouse should conform to the authority and will of her male spouse. Hence, there are two points of view among Islamic jurists; famous fiqh scholars believe that female spouse is not entitled to receive alimony if she refuses to fulfil their marital duties. On the contrary, the proponents of Hakam Ibn Otaibah and  Zahiri schools of thought believe that those female spouses who are disobedient and refuse to fulfil their marital duties can also receive alimony that they deserve to be paid off. The differences between these two types of comments will result in radically different legal effects. For example, if there is a disagreement on alimony, there will be a challange between plaintiff and defendant. Focusing on Shia and Sunni jurisprudents' views, an attempt has been made to investigate the relationship between the alimony-based sexual submission and its principles in detail. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

106 - A Comparative Study of the Principles and Impact of Faith on the Validity of Witness in the Five Jurisprudences
Ali Khaleghi davood seify Qasem Islaminia,

10.22034/ijrj.2021.684732

Testimony as one of the oldest proofs of criminal and legal claims in the era of human equipment has not lost its immense importance in modern legal systems, discovery of reality. The mystery of this is in many, sometimes complicated circumstances, which criminal justic More

Testimony as one of the oldest proofs of criminal and legal claims in the era of human equipment has not lost its immense importance in modern legal systems, discovery of reality. The mystery of this is in many, sometimes complicated circumstances, which criminal justice systems, and especially Islam, have seen as necessary. One of these complex circumstances, which has various interpretations of the difference between Islam and Shi'a and Sunni faith. Assuming the other conditions of testimony, the concept of faith and its effect on the acceptance of witness testimony from the viewpoint of the two great Islamic sects, determines the quality of the encounters of the judicial system of Iran and other Islamic countries with intuitions that have a different religious or similar to the apparent opposition. A closer look at the Sunni and Shiite principles and documents reveals that there are differences between religions in the concept of faith and the rejection of the martyrdom of infidels and Christians. The Hanafi and Hanbali religions absolutely accept Christian and Jewish martyrdom among themselves, but other religions have only permitted the martyrdom of the People of the Book in their wills; Therefore, the main difference of opinion is in accepting the testimony of a Shiite. In this regard, Hanbali and Maliki, with their own definition of faith, have commented on the absolute rejection of Shiite martyrdom; But in contrast to the Hanafi and Shafi'i religions, they have taken a milder view. Among the Imami jurists, unlike the old jurists who categorically reject the martyrdom of the Sunnis, contemporary jurists consider the martyrdom of a Sunni to be valid; That such a theory is more in line with the basic criterion for accepting testimony, namely the ability to discover the truth and the degree of truthfulness in legal systems. This paper attempts to discover the Persian point of view of acceptance or rejection of martyrdom in those claims that exist between witnesses in terms of religious orientation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

107 - A Comparative Study of the Principles and Impact of Faith on the Validity of Witness in the Five Jurisprudence
Ali KHaleghi davood seify GHasem Eslami niya

10.22034/ijrj.2021.687044

Testimony as one of the oldest proofs of criminal and legal claims in the era of human equipment has not lost its immense importance in modern legal systems, discovery of reality. The mystery of this is in many, sometimes complicated circumstances, which criminal justic More

Testimony as one of the oldest proofs of criminal and legal claims in the era of human equipment has not lost its immense importance in modern legal systems, discovery of reality. The mystery of this is in many, sometimes complicated circumstances, which criminal justice systems, and especially Islam, have seen as necessary. One of these complex circumstances, which has various interpretations of the difference between Islam and Shi'a and Sunni faith. Assuming the other conditions of testimony, the concept of faith and its effect on the acceptance of witness testimony from the viewpoint of the two great Islamic sects, determines the quality of the encounters of the judicial system of Iran and other Islamic countries with intuitions that have a different religious or similar to the apparent opposition. A closer look at the Sunni and Shiite principles and documents reveals that there are differences between religions in the concept of faith and the rejection of the martyrdom of infidels and Christians. The Hanafi and Hanbali religions absolutely accept Christian and Jewish martyrdom among themselves, but other religions have only permitted the martyrdom of the People of the Book in their wills; therefore, the main difference of opinion is in accepting the testimony of a Shiite. In this regard, Hanbali and Maliki, with their own definition of faith, have commented on the absolute rejection of Shiite martyrdom; but in contrast to the Hanafi and Shafi'i religions, they have taken a milder view. Among the Imami jurists, unlike the old jurists who categorically reject the martyrdom of the Sunnis, contemporary jurists consider the martyrdom of a Sunni to be valid; That such a theory is more in line with the basic criterion for accepting testimony, namely the ability to discover the truth and the degree of truthfulness in legal systems. This paper attempts to discover the Persian point of view of acceptance or rejection of martyrdom in those claims that exist between witnesses and witnessee in terms of religious or religious orientation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

108 - Modeling the Measurement of Supplier Resilience Criteria via an Interpretive Expert-Driven Approach: A Step towards Promoting the Productivity of AutomotiveParts Manufacturing Industry
Alireza Arab Iman Ghasemian Sahebi iman ghasemian sahebi

In the business world today, intense competition among the firms forces them to operate under conditions of uncertainty which, in turn, gives rise to numerous risks that can negatively impact the supply chain and lower profitability and competitive advantage. Expansion More

In the business world today, intense competition among the firms forces them to operate under conditions of uncertainty which, in turn, gives rise to numerous risks that can negatively impact the supply chain and lower profitability and competitive advantage. Expansion and density of communication network in the supply chain, on the one hand, and inevitability of some disorders, on the other, underscore the importance of measuring and evaluating suppliers. Supplier resilience defined as less influenceability from and the capacity to quell disorders, hence, requires more rigorous scrutiny. The aim of the current research was thus to identify and level suppliers’ resilience criteria at Avrand's Industrial Group supply chain using a combination of Fuzzy Delphi (FDELPHI) and Interpretative Structural Modeling techniques. The results of the FDELPHI method showed that 16 of the 27 criteria extracted from the literature review were verified by the team of 10 experts. Further, the Interpretive Structural Modeling was employed to offer a hierarchical model of the verified criteria. The results revealed a five-level hierarchy of resilience criteria with the delay time criterion at the highest level and the most influenceable factor and financial strength criterion as the most influential factor placed at the lowest level. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

109 - تحلیلی جامعه‌شناختی بر نگرش دانشجویان به تقریب مذاهب اسلامی (مطالعه موردی دانشجویان دختر دانشگاه اصفهان سال 92-91)
علی ربانی لیلا شعبان داریوش شعبان

هدف از مقاله حاضر، تحلیلی جامعه‌شناختی بر نگرش دانشجویان به تقریب مذاهب اسلامی، می‌باشد. که در آن تلاش شده است، به این سؤال پاسخ دهیم که نگرش دانشجویان به تقریب مذاهب اسلامی چگونه است. در این تحقیق با توجه به نظریه تزیشه و کرومکا که گرایش را به سه بعد عناصر ادراکی، عناص More

هدف از مقاله حاضر، تحلیلی جامعه‌شناختی بر نگرش دانشجویان به تقریب مذاهب اسلامی، می‌باشد. که در آن تلاش شده است، به این سؤال پاسخ دهیم که نگرش دانشجویان به تقریب مذاهب اسلامی چگونه است. در این تحقیق با توجه به نظریه تزیشه و کرومکا که گرایش را به سه بعد عناصر ادراکی، عناصر ارزشیابانه و عناصر عملی و رفتاری تجزیه کرده-اند، نگرش دانشجویان به تقریب مذاهب اسلامی نیز در این سه بعد مطرح شده‌است. جامعه آماری این تحقیق، کل دانشجویان دختر مشغول به تحصیل در دانشگاه اصفهان در سال تحصیلی 92-1391 بوده‌اند که تعداد آنها 8103 نفر می‌باشد. این تحقیق به روش پیمایش انجام شده و تکنیک گردآوری اطلاعات پرسشنامه بوده است. در این تحقیق بر اساس فرمول کوکران 366 نفر به عنوان حجم نمونه انتخاب گردیده و جهت انتخاب نمونه از روش نمونه‌گیری سهمیه‌ای استفاده شده است. نتایج به دست آمده، حاکی از وجود ارتباط مستقیم و معنادار بین متغیرهای میزان استفاده از رسانه‌های جمعی، میزان پیروی ازدوستان و وجود ارتباط معکوس و معنادار بین متغیرهای دینداری، میزان پیروی از شخصیت‌های مذهبی، سن و مقطع تحصیلی بر نگرش دانشجویان به تقریب مذاهب اسلامی می‌باشد. Manuscript profile

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110 - Spatial Analysis of Ecotourism Activity of Climbing (Case Study: Oshtorankuh of Lorestan)
Mehdi Mehdi Nasab Mohammad Hossein Naserzade

One of the strategies that has been introduced to strengthen deprived areas is expanding tourism in areas having necessary potentials to develop tourism. Climbing as one of the natural ecotourism branches is manifested in a spatial model of tourism in nature that has be More

One of the strategies that has been introduced to strengthen deprived areas is expanding tourism in areas having necessary potentials to develop tourism. Climbing as one of the natural ecotourism branches is manifested in a spatial model of tourism in nature that has been neglected in different ecotourism sources.  Oshtorankuh is one of the unique attractions of the country in west. In this study using latitude and empirical formulas, the angle of altitude, the hour angle, azimuth sun at different times of seasons' days were calculated and then slop morphological factors, slope (the amount of radiation received in different seasons), and altitude were combined to consider the feasibility of ecotourism activity of climbing in the region by logic and social overlapping functions in order to determine suitable climbing zones in different seasons. The results indicated that without considering the direction of radiation with appropriate zone for this activity in different seasons of the year based on sunlight suitable climbing zone showed minimum (23.02) and maximum (80.88) differences  Based on daily changes, the suitable tourism zones had the highest and lowest daily fluctuations in midwinter (10.31) and midsummer (5.64). Therefore the best time for climbing in this region was in midsummer.  Manuscript profile

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111 - Structural and Content Comparison of Masnavi Shams and Qamar with Qamar Shah System
Mohammadreza Hesaraki Mahin Khatibnia

Fictional poems are one of the literary genres in the field of Persian and military literature. One of his lesser-known imitators is Khajeh Massoud Qomi, the owner of Masnavi Shams and Qamar and another anonymous poet who composed the poem Qamar Shah after him. The purp More

Fictional poems are one of the literary genres in the field of Persian and military literature. One of his lesser-known imitators is Khajeh Massoud Qomi, the owner of Masnavi Shams and Qamar and another anonymous poet who composed the poem Qamar Shah after him. The purpose of this study is to comparatively examine these two systems from the perspective of narrative elements. Obviously, the mentioned research is important and a necessity in order to express the strengths and weaknesses and to recognize these two systems. The research method is analytical and descriptive and it is a library research. The statistical population of the study includes 3114 verses of Qamarshah manuscript and 2076 verses of Masnavi Shams and Qamar by Khajeh Massoud Qomi. In general, it can be concluded from the present study that the design and plot of both simple, general and elementary systems and the angle of view is third person. The approach of Masnavi is Khajeh Qomi, Bazmi, martial and educational and Qamarshah, Bazmi, martial and religious. The epic approach in both systems is stronger and more successful than the lyrical part. Shams and Gamar is stronger in terms of characterization and staging in terms of time, place and environment of the story. Shams and Gamar and Gamarshah is more stable in terms of composition and poetic style. Manuscript profile

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112 - Study of protein pattern, antioxidant enzymes and accumulation of cadmium in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) treated with cadmium and salicylic acid
Sakineh Moradkhani

10.30495/iper.2021.679546

In order to investigate the interaction effects of cadmium as a heavy metal and salicylic acid as an antioxidant and anti-stress substance on sunflower plants, sunflower seeds were washed with distilled water after disinfection with 1% sodium hypochlorite solution and w More

In order to investigate the interaction effects of cadmium as a heavy metal and salicylic acid as an antioxidant and anti-stress substance on sunflower plants, sunflower seeds were washed with distilled water after disinfection with 1% sodium hypochlorite solution and were planted in pots containing sandy soil in a growth chamber with a temperature of 34 ℃ during the day and 25 ℃ at night, and 16/8 hours of light/dark photoperiod. This research was performed as a factorial completely randomized design with four replications under greenhouse conditions. Sunflower plants were exposed to cadmium chloride treatment (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 µM) at two-leaf stage on a weekly basis. One week after cadmium treatment, plant leaves were sprayed with salicylic acid (0, 250 and 500 µM). After harvesting the plants, cadmium concentrations in roots and shoots were measured. Then, antioxidant enzymes were assayed. Total protein content of leaf samples was extracted and the pattern of leaf protein changes was investigated by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Cadmium concentration in roots and shoots increased with increasing cadmium and salicylic acid treatment. Catalase enzyme activity decreased with increasing cadmium concentration, and salicylic acid had a very small effect on its activity. The activity of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase enzymes increased with increasing cadmium concentration while increasing salicylic acid concentration reduced the activity of these enzymes. Leaf protein electrophoresis under cadmium and salicylic acid treatments showed differences in leaf protein intensity compared with control plants. The expression of some proteins was increased or decreased in the treated plants. Therefore, cadmium and salicylic acid treatments made changes in the amount of cadmium uptake, antioxidant enzymes activity, and the pattern of sunflower leaf proteins. Manuscript profile

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113 - Aloe Vera gel extract and sunlight mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles with highly effective antibacterial and anticancer activity
Noha Mohamed Hossam Elmasry

10.22034/jna.2020.1884807.1176

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114 - Modelling the degradation of Sunset Yellow FCF azo dye by Fe2O3/Bentonite catalyst using artificial neural networks
Reza Moradi Mohammad Ehsan Mosayebian Kazem Mahanpoor

10.22034/jna.2020.1908203.1228

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115 - Facile Synthesis and Investigation of Flower like p-NiO/n-ZnO as Efficient Photocatalyst for Degradation of Erythromycin under Sunlight
Sajad Khamani Mohammad Hossein Ghorbani Leila Torkian Reza Fazaeli Zahra Khodadadi

10.22034/jna.2022.1947651.1286

Conventional wastewater treatment is not able to effectively removal drugs such as antibiotics, so it is important to remove the remaining antibiotics from the environment. In this research, Zinc oxide (ZnO), nickel oxide (NiO) and p-NiO/n-ZnO heterostructure were synth More

Conventional wastewater treatment is not able to effectively removal drugs such as antibiotics, so it is important to remove the remaining antibiotics from the environment. In this research, Zinc oxide (ZnO), nickel oxide (NiO) and p-NiO/n-ZnO heterostructure were synthesized. Then, prepared samples were characterized by several techniques. The photocatalytic degradation of erythromycin from aqueous solutions was studied by photocatalysts synthesized under sunlight. Design of Experimental (DOE) was used to evaluate the effective parameters in the degradation process of erythromycin. The effects of pH, time (min), photocatalytic mass (g) and erythromycin concentration (mg/L) were studied. Using Design Expert 7 software, the highest degradation efficiency of erythromycin was found 99.54%, under optimum conditions at pH 3.07, time 101.14 (min), photocatalyst mass 0.13 (g) and erythromycin concentration 41.04 (mg/L). Isothermal studies have shown that the Fritz-Schlander isotherm with the least error with the experimental data of p-NiO/n-ZnO (5%) photocatalytic degradation are the best fit. Manuscript profile

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116 - Aloe Vera gel extract and sunlight mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles with highly effective antibacterial and anticancer activity
Noha Mohamed H.M. El-Masry

10.22034/jna.2020.675055

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117 - Modeling the degradation of Sunset Yellow FCF azo dye by Fe2O3/Bentonite catalyst using artificial neural networks
Mohammad Ehsan Mosayebian Reza Moradi Kazem Mahanpoor

10.22034/jna.2021.685871

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118 - Imam Hadi (p.b.u.h) in the valid historical references of Sunnis from Imamate to martyrdom
Hojjat Ebad Askari Ardeshir Asadbeigi Mohammad Hossein Rajabi Davani

The historical reports and narratives are important references to understand and perceive the lifestyle of the pure imams. Some Shia Imams have been less and some more introduced in references for some reasons. The reference reports can be studied in two Sunni and Shia More

The historical reports and narratives are important references to understand and perceive the lifestyle of the pure imams. Some Shia Imams have been less and some more introduced in references for some reasons. The reference reports can be studied in two Sunni and Shia classifications. In this classification, the general histories are observed according to the Sunnis trends. Other references can be used by researchers such as Vafayat reports, A’lam, Rejal, and encyclopedia. Imam Hadi, the Shia Imam, has been less talked about in the references of Sunnis but is completely explained in other Shia references such as the other Shia Imams. This research is descriptive-analytical and investigates how much the 9th Imam’s, Imam Hadi’s, lifestyle is explained in the references of Sunnis about his Imamate period. It is shown in this research that some references have not concealed the reality but some others haven’t mentioned it. Explaining Imam Hadi’s lifestyle has been placed under the light of reporting the lifestyles of other caliphs and rulers of Abbasid times and events of Islam history. Manuscript profile

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119 - Examining the role of the god of Mehr in the religious text of Mehr Yasht Avesta
mohammadreza bavandpour mohammad karim yousef jamali Naser Jadidi Shokooh Sadat Arabi Hashemi

The cult of Sun Worshiping has long been practiced in ancient Iran. But after the prosperity of Zoroastrianism by Zarathustra, Mehr, who was considered the god of Mehr and the sun, became the god of Mehr and descended from the rank of god, and in Avesta he was given a p More

The cult of Sun Worshiping has long been practiced in ancient Iran. But after the prosperity of Zoroastrianism by Zarathustra, Mehr, who was considered the god of Mehr and the sun, became the god of Mehr and descended from the rank of god, and in Avesta he was given a part called Mehr Yasht. The seal is not the same as the sun, but later the two were combined and considered one. In Avesta, the god of love is introduced as the angel of light and enlightenment, as well as war, and has the high qualities of power and heroism. In this research, which has been done as a library, we examine the role of god of Mehr socially and its function based on Mehr Yasht texts. Manuscript profile

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120 - the religious policy of Abbasid Caliphate in an encounter with concordant schools (232 – 422)
Tahereh Azarfar mahboobeh sharafi

with Al-Mutawakkil taking over the reins, the religious policy of the caliphate system sought to appease them. Meanwhile, this caliphate system caused them to grow and spread and created some sort of thought confrontation between them and their rivals through encouragin More

with Al-Mutawakkil taking over the reins, the religious policy of the caliphate system sought to appease them. Meanwhile, this caliphate system caused them to grow and spread and created some sort of thought confrontation between them and their rivals through encouraging the concordant thoughts. In the period , Al-Mutawakkil and Al-Mu'tadid, relying on their plans and measures, became an example for other caliphs during this era. Benefiting from the historical method based on descriptive and analytic approach, this article tries to answer , the caliphate system had which policy about concordant schools? Permant or mobile policy?The results of this research indicate that the Abbasid Caliphate System, as of the era of Al-Mutawakkil until Al-Mu'tadid taking over, followed a permanent policy in supporting the Sunnis and oppugned their opponents. Yet, as of the era of Al-Mu'tadid until the Buyid dynasty taking over, the caliphate system followed a mobile and reactive policy, which, in turn, resulted from the political necessities of this era where the caliphate confronted the Hanbali followers. During the weakness of the Buyid dynasty , Al-Qadir returned to the policy of support for the Sunnis and proceeded to consolidate the juridical and legal foundations of the Sunni Sect, acknowledged the four schools of Islamic law in Sunni Islam and banned and closed out other schools.. Manuscript profile

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121 - Investigating how the myth of the sun affects the animals associated with this myth in ancient Iran
masoomeh rahnama haratbar mohammad karim yosef jamali Feyzollah Boushasb gousheh Ahmad Kamranifar

In this research,how the myth of the sun affects the animals related to this myth in the period of ancient iran is investigated.The main question that has been raised and studied in this regard is how the myth of the sun has affected the animals related to this myth and More

In this research,how the myth of the sun affects the animals related to this myth in the period of ancient iran is investigated.The main question that has been raised and studied in this regard is how the myth of the sun has affected the animals related to this myth and what factors have been involved in this matter?This article is a historical research and the method of collecting data is library and the method of compiling and writing is a descriptive-analytical.The results show that the myth of the sun is a symbol of the sun is a symbol of kingship and the animals associated whit this myth also show that power and kingship and a clear victory over darkneaa and light and life is the basis of the sun,which along with different religions of ancient iran.It plays an important role in determining the effect of the myth of the sun on solar and royal animals. Manuscript profile

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122 - An analysis of the ruling style of Shah Ismail II Safavid and his different policy in creating religious balance in Iran
zahra ghaemi saber adak mohsen heydarnia

Shah Ismail II came to the kingdom after Shah Tahmasb Safavi for a short time and took charge of the Safavid government. He adopted a different policy in the administration of the country, which provoked many criticisms in the Safavid court. He tried to make it easier f More

Shah Ismail II came to the kingdom after Shah Tahmasb Safavi for a short time and took charge of the Safavid government. He adopted a different policy in the administration of the country, which provoked many criticisms in the Safavid court. He tried to make it easier for the government to treat the Sunnis and reduce the power of the Shiite scholars. A series of these behaviors caused his reign to be short and finally, he was poisoned and killed. It seems that Shah Ismail II made a new plan in the way of governing the country and because of meeting with a number of Sunnis during his imprisonment, he changed his approach towards this religious group and went so far in conciliating them that he was suspected of being a Sunni. give strength Also, Shah Ismail II believed that the unrestrained interference of Shia scholars in the administration of the country had weakened the power of the Safavid government. As a result, the role of this group in macro policies was diminished. In this research, it has been tried to investigate and analyze the behavior of the mentioned king against intellectual and religious currents The current research method is descriptive-analytical and the data is collected by referring to library sources. Manuscript profile

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123 - A novel method for Sentinel-2 satellite images radiometric calibration
Abbas Bashiri Hasan Hasani Moghaddam Mohamad Javad Khodam Seyyed Mohammad Afghahi Hassan Tabarsi

10.30495/jonass.2021.1929310.1011

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124 - 'Ulum al-Hadith in Neyshābūr during the First Four Centuries of Islam
Mahdi Hajian Mehrnaz Behroozi Mohamad Sepehri

The purpose of this study is to examine the state of Hadith science in Neyshābūr during the first four centuries of Islam, a city of the Islamic realm that, with its special geographical location and ideal environmental conditions, which brought together a large number More

The purpose of this study is to examine the state of Hadith science in Neyshābūr during the first four centuries of Islam, a city of the Islamic realm that, with its special geographical location and ideal environmental conditions, which brought together a large number of jurists, scholars and experts of hadith and became a great school in which  many Hadith activities  in the early Islamic centuries were done. We want to show the validity and prosperity of the science of hadith in Neyshābūr, due to the enlightenment of the experts of religion, such as Ali ibn Musā al-Reḍā (AS), and the correction of hadith collections and authentic and well-documented narratives, including the Hadith of the al-Silsilat al-Dhahab, along with the activities of the great and renowned Shiite and popular narrators.  As we shall see, following the attempts made by hadith narrators of the Neyshābūr, many works were compiled by great scholars such as Muslim ibn Hajjāj, Faḍl ibn Shādhān and Ḥākim Neyshābūrī. We will also see the popularity of works such as Ṣaḥiḥ Muslim, which in Neyshābūr have also become a pivotal point for new hadith compositions, such as books od Mustakhraj and Masānid. Manuscript profile

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125 - Isma'il ibn Abi Ziyad as-Sakuni, a Sunni judge or a secret companion of the Imam as-Sadiq?
Amidreza Akbari Mohammad Qandehari

اسماعیل بن ابی‌زیاد سکونی در برخی منابع متقدم امامیه عامی دانسته شده است؛ اما فراوانیِ روایات او در منابع امامی، مضامین برخی از روایاتش و آشنایی اندک امامیه با او موجب شده تا از دوره مجلسی اول تا به امروز کسانی دیدگاه متقدم در مورد مذهب سکونی را رد کرده و او را امامی بش More

اسماعیل بن ابی‌زیاد سکونی در برخی منابع متقدم امامیه عامی دانسته شده است؛ اما فراوانیِ روایات او در منابع امامی، مضامین برخی از روایاتش و آشنایی اندک امامیه با او موجب شده تا از دوره مجلسی اول تا به امروز کسانی دیدگاه متقدم در مورد مذهب سکونی را رد کرده و او را امامی بشمرند. این مقاله به آسیب‌شناسی این تحلیل‌ها پرداخته و نشان داده برخی از روایات سکونی که به خاطر نوع خطاب امام با راوی پیش‌تر شاهد امامی بودن سکونی تلقی می‌شدند، روایاتی هستند که سکونی یا راویان او آن‌ها را از دفاتر دیگران گرفته‌اند، و گاه از اساس نسبت آن‌ها به سکونی نیز اشکالاتی دارد. ارتباط سکونی با امام صادق ع نیز دلیل روشنی ندارد. هم‌چنین سکونی روایات زیادی با مضامین عامی و خلاف اعتقاد امامیه دارد؛ مانند اخبار همسو با فقه جریان‌های حاشیه‌ای عامه و حتی مناقب خلفا. جمعی از راویان عامه نیز از سکونی آثاری مانند تفسیر سکونی را روایت کرده‌اند، که فضایی عامی دارد. Manuscript profile

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126 - An investigation of the Rāfīḍa meaning into the Islamic traditions in the first three centuries
Heydar Dabbaghi

The word Rāfīḍa is seen abundant into books' Muslims. The term Rāfīḍa has been used about Shiite numerous. That term has been used as a title for cursing Shiite into society. The usage of that term developed over time and became a special tag for the Imāmiyya gradually. More

The word Rāfīḍa is seen abundant into books' Muslims. The term Rāfīḍa has been used about Shiite numerous. That term has been used as a title for cursing Shiite into society. The usage of that term developed over time and became a special tag for the Imāmiyya gradually. This article tried to use the describing - analyzing method and common Rijal, Hadith, and Historical ways for analyzing of the Rāfīḍa meaning into the accounts. The main subject of the article is to discover the term Rāfīḍa meaning into the traditions of the sources of the traditions in the first three centuries and to prove the idea what the Rāfīḍa was a title of a theological movement that it has made by Ghulāt and extremist Shiites. It has invented by the Marwanid and was used to repel the Shiites. That event began by relating the traditions’ Prophet Mohammad (AS) and versus the Shiites responded it by remake the Rafḍ meaning and they related some traditions of the Imams (AS). Manuscript profile

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127 - Analysis and Criticism of the Views of Sunni Commentators in Different Centuries Regarding the Explanation of the Concept of Mawddat of Dhi al-Qurbá
Seddighe Amini Mohammad Reza Aram Amir Tohidi

The present article is a study on the historical evolution of the view of Sunni commentators in explaining the concept of mawddat of Dhi al-Qurbá. The word mawaddat from the word wodd means to love something or someone and wish for its stability, and in the term More

The present article is a study on the historical evolution of the view of Sunni commentators in explaining the concept of mawddat of Dhi al-Qurbá. The word mawaddat from the word wodd means to love something or someone and wish for its stability, and in the term means intense mutual love between people, which can be praised or condemned according to its subject and is so attractive that the lover makes it easy to imitate and follow the beloved. According to Imami scholars, mawddat of Dhi al-Qurbá is a concept that, if used in connection with the Holy Prophet (pbuh), only means mawaddat and love along with following and guarding the Twelver Imams (as) and Lady Zahrāʾ (as). However, most public scholars do not accept this view and have offered other views on the concept. A careful study of the historical evolution of the views of Sunni commentators shows that in different centuries, various opinions have been expressed in explaining the concept in question to the extent that some have expressed the mawaddah and love of the Anṣār to the Prophet (pbuh) and the Quraysh and many have expressed the mawaddah of the Quraysh. They have chosen an independent vote for the Prophet (pbuh) and not being hostile to him. All this is while some have mentioned the duration towards the companions of Kisā (as), the abrogation of the verse of the duration, the duration towards the Ahl al-Bayt (as), the peace of mercy and the duration and closeness to Allah the Almighty in explaining the concept of the nearness of Dhi al-Qurbá. Accordingly, the basic discourse of this article, while referring to the semantics of related words, based on library data, expresses the views of Sunni commentators in explaining the concept and examines and critiques these views. Manuscript profile

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128 - Iraqi Federalism and Iran’s National Security; Opportunities and Challenges
Mehdi Dehnavi Hossein Tajabadi

Abstract The US led coalition forces attack to Iraq on the pretext of WMD has turned this country's events into one of the main topics discussed by the experts in political and international issues. Based on the new Iraqi constitution, which was approved by Parliament More

Abstract The US led coalition forces attack to Iraq on the pretext of WMD has turned this country's events into one of the main topics discussed by the experts in political and international issues. Based on the new Iraqi constitution, which was approved by Parliament and the majority of Iraqi people, the government was established as 'democratic, federal parliamentary republic'. This paper tries to answer the following question: what is the impact of the federal system in Iraq on Iran's national security? To answer this question, authors have used descriptive-analytical method . Compared to Iraq’s thereat, as a unitary state, for Iran’s national security (as was the case of the last Iran- Iraq war) or as a distorted country which paves the way for inference of trans regional powers in opposition to Iran’s national interests, it seems that the new Iraq federal system regardless of some challenges that may cause for neighbors including Iran, can be the best model for national security. Manuscript profile

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129 - Highly Porous Bi(III) Modified Rice Husk Silica Photocatalyst for the Photocatalytic Removal of Cationic Methylene Blue
Normawati Jasni Anwar Iqbal N. H. H Abu Bakar Dede Heri Yuli Yanto Hor Jia Yi Noor Haida Mohd Kaus Mohd Norazmi Ahmad Sri Mulijani

10.30495/ijc.2023.1992759.2033

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130 - Studying the History of Sufism and Shiism During the Timurid Period of Iran
porandokht ramezanjamaat nasser Jadidi

The extraordinary development of Sufism and the proliferation of monasteries is a feature of the ninth century AH in Iran. On the other hand, the beginning of this century is a significant period in the history of Shiism in Iran; Because Sufism in this period became the More

The extraordinary development of Sufism and the proliferation of monasteries is a feature of the ninth century AH in Iran. On the other hand, the beginning of this century is a significant period in the history of Shiism in Iran; Because Sufism in this period became the link between Sunni and Shiite and Shiism itself was crystallized in the form of Sufism and this issue played an important role in the spread and influence of Shiism in many lands of most Sunni religions. Many sects of thought with the Shiite approach such as Harufiyeh, Moshasheieh, Noorbakhshieh and Nemat Elahieh in transferring the Iranian intellectual approach from Sunni to Shiite in the ninth century AH finally provided the grounds for the emergence of the Safavid Shiite government in every way. How Sufism was incorporated into Shi'ism is one of the topics that has always been questioned by scholars.This research seeks to study the proximity and connection between Sufism and Shiism in the ninth century AH with a descriptive and analytical method and analyze its consequences. It was especially religious in connection with Sufism and Shi'ism of the previous period. Manuscript profile

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131 - بهبود ارزش تغذیه‌ای کنجاله آفتاب‌گردان به ‌وسیله پرتوتابی با تابش الکترون و اشعه گاما
F. Ghanbari T. Ghoorchi P. Shawrang H. Mansouri N.M. Torbati-Nejad

این پژوهش به منظور مقایسه تأثیر تیمارهای پرتو الکترون و اشعه گاما در دزهای 25، 50 و 75 کیلوگری، بر کینتیک تجزیه شکمبهای و قابلیت هضم برون تنی کنجاله آفتابگردان انجام گرفت. پرتوهای یونساز الکترون و گاما اثر معنی‌داری بر فراسنجههای تجزیه‌ پذیری ما More

این پژوهش به منظور مقایسه تأثیر تیمارهای پرتو الکترون و اشعه گاما در دزهای 25، 50 و 75 کیلوگری، بر کینتیک تجزیه شکمبهای و قابلیت هضم برون تنی کنجاله آفتابگردان انجام گرفت. پرتوهای یونساز الکترون و گاما اثر معنی‌داری بر فراسنجههای تجزیه‌ پذیری ماده خشک، پروتئین خام و اسیدهای آمینه کنجاله آفتابگردان داشتند (05/0P<). تجزیه پذیری مؤثر شکمبهای ماده خشک در کنجاله آفتابگردان پرتوتابی شده با تابش الکترون و اشعه گاما، کمتر از کنجاله آفتابگردان پرتوتابی نشده بود (05/0P<). تیمار پرتو گاما در دز 75 کیلوگری، تجزیه پذیری مؤثر شکمبهای پروتئین خام را در مقایسه با شاهد کاهش داد (05/0P<). تجزیه پذیری مؤثر شکمبهای پروتئین خام به وسیله تابش الکترون تحت تأثیر قرار نگرفت (05/0P>). عملآوری پرتوتابی باعث کاهش تجزیه اسیدهای آمینه بعد از 16 ساعت انکوباسیون شکمبهای شد (05/0P<). تأثیر پرتو گاما در کاهش تجزیه پذیری شکمبهای اسیدهای آمینه بیشتر از تابش الکترون بود (05/0P<). قابلیت هضم برونتنی پروتئین خام در کنجاله آفتاب عملآوری شده با تابش الکترون و اشعه گاما بهبود یافت (05/0P<). این پژوهش، بر پایه مطالعات برونتنی و تکنیک کیسههای نایلونی، نشان داد که عملآوری با تابش الکترون و اشعه گاما میتواند به عنوان یک روش مؤثر برای بهبود ارزش تغذیهای کنجاله آفتاب‌گردان مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile

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132 - اثرات استفاده از کیک آفتابگردان روی قابلیت هضم جیره‌ای و پروفایل متابولیکی اسب‌های توریسم
M.F. Trombetta A. Peresson A. Falaschini

در این آزمایش اثرات استفاده از کیک آفتابگردان در فرموله کردن جیره در 6 رأس اسب توریسم بررسی شد. سه جیره آزمایشی با سطوح انرژی و پروتئین یکسان با جیره شاهد با استفاده از سطوح افزایشی کیک آفتابگردان (3/0، 6/0 و 1 کیلوگرم) تنظیم شدند. اندازهگیری قابلیت هضم با استفاده More

در این آزمایش اثرات استفاده از کیک آفتابگردان در فرموله کردن جیره در 6 رأس اسب توریسم بررسی شد. سه جیره آزمایشی با سطوح انرژی و پروتئین یکسان با جیره شاهد با استفاده از سطوح افزایشی کیک آفتابگردان (3/0، 6/0 و 1 کیلوگرم) تنظیم شدند. اندازهگیری قابلیت هضم با استفاده از معرفهای داخلی نشان داد که افزایش مقادیر کیک آفتابگردان قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی را کاهش داد. تجزیه آماری با استفاده از اثر جیره کاهش معنی‌داری را در قابلیتهای هضم ماده خشک (0006/0p=)، عصاره اتری (0001/0p=)، الیاف خام (0269/0p=)، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی (0247/0p=) والیاف نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی (0269/0p=) نشان داد. مقایسه دو معرف داخلی (خاکستر نامحلول در اسید و لیگنین) مقادیر قابلیت هضم بهتری را برای تمامی قابلیتهای هضم با استفاده از معرف داخلی لیگنین نشان داد. همچنین، مقادیر گلوگز و اوره تفاوتهای معنیداری را به دلیل اثر جیره نشان داد. Manuscript profile

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133 - سطوح بالای آفتابگردان خرد شده در جیره‌ها برای بره‌های پرواری سبب کاهش عملکرد و کیفیت لاشه می‌گردد
ای.ر. اُلیویرا جی.ر. گندرا ف.پ. مُنکااُ آ.م.آ. گابریئل آ.ر.م. فرناندز ر.اچ.ت. گواس م.جی. مورایس ای.ب. مونیز ت.ل. پریرا

این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی عملکرد و برخی از خصوصیات لاشه در برههای پرواری که آفتابگردان خرد شده (SC) در جیره به عنوان جایگزین نسبی کنجاله سویا دریافت میکنند، اجرا گردیده است. طرح آزمایشی از نوع بلوک کامل تصادفی با چهار سطح SC در جیره (0، 10، 20 و 30 درصد ماده خ More

این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی عملکرد و برخی از خصوصیات لاشه در برههای پرواری که آفتابگردان خرد شده (SC) در جیره به عنوان جایگزین نسبی کنجاله سویا دریافت میکنند، اجرا گردیده است. طرح آزمایشی از نوع بلوک کامل تصادفی با چهار سطح SC در جیره (0، 10، 20 و 30 درصد ماده خشک (DM)) بوده است. مقادیر کاهش خطی برای هر واحد درصد SC افزوده شده به جیره برای مصرف ماده خشک، پروتئین خام، افزایش وزن روزانه و ضریب تبدیل خوراک به ترتیب 02/0، 003/0، 003/0 و 17/0 درصد بوده است. با افزایش یک درصد SC در جیره، در صفات وزن لاشه، لاشه گرم و لاشه سرد نیز به ترتیب 15/0، 11/0 و 12/0 درصد کاهش خطی معنیدار مشاهده گردید. استفاده از SC تأثیری بر تولید بیولوژیک و خصوصیات ماربلینگ، بافت و رنگ گوشت نداشت. از SC در سیستمهای وسیع پرورابندی میتوان به عنوان مکمل برای جایگزینی کنجاله سویا حداکثر تا 20 درصد استفاده نمود. Manuscript profile

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134 - چندشکلی‌های تک نوکلئوتیدی (SNPs) جدید در ناحیه‌های اینترون 2 و اگزون 3 ژن لپتین در گاوهای Sumba Ongole
و.پ.ب. پوترا پ.پ. آگونگ

ژن لپتین (LEP) گاوی به طور وسیعی به عنوان یک ژن کاندیدا برای انتخاب مولکولی برای بهبود صفات تولیدی گاوها استفاده شده است. این پژوهش برای تعیین چندشکلی‌های تک نوکلئوتیدی (SNPs) در ژن LEP گاوهای Sumba Ongole (SO, Bos indicus) با استفاده از روش توالی یابی ان More

ژن لپتین (LEP) گاوی به طور وسیعی به عنوان یک ژن کاندیدا برای انتخاب مولکولی برای بهبود صفات تولیدی گاوها استفاده شده است. این پژوهش برای تعیین چندشکلی‌های تک نوکلئوتیدی (SNPs) در ژن LEP گاوهای Sumba Ongole (SO, Bos indicus) با استفاده از روش توالی یابی انجام شد. در این پژوهش مجموعه‌ای از 31 حیوان برای تجزیه و تحلیل استفاده شدند. تحقیق نشان داد که مجموعه‌ای از 16 SNPs در ژن LEP شناسایی شدند. یک توالی 2025 جفت بازی از ژن LEP در این مطالعه بررسی شد و شامل اینترون 2 (1002 جفت باز) و اگزون 3 (1023 جفت باز) بود. مقدار محتوای اطلاعات چندشکلی (PIC) از 0.06 (پایین) تا 0.37 (متوسط) متغییر بود. مجموع 16 چندشکلی در ژن LEP گاوهای SO ارزش PIC متوسط داشتند (0.25<PIC<0.50) و شامل 12 چندشکلی در اینترون 2 و چهار چندشکلی در اگزون 3 می‌شدند. چندشکلی‌های با ارزش PIC متوسط در اینترون 2 (g.2325G/T؛ g.2423A/C؛ g.2448C/T؛ g.2456C/G؛ g.2466C/T؛ g.2778T/A؛ g.2857G/A) و اگزون 3 (g.3260T/C؛ g.3272T/C؛ g.3356C/T؛ g.3468G/A) شناسایی شدند. چندشکلی g.3468G/A به عنوان چندشکلی جدید در ژن LEP گاوهای SO معرفی شد که در دیگر نژادهای گاو گزارش نشده است. این چندشکلی باعث تغییر اسیدآمینه از گلایسین (GGG) به آرژنین (AGG) شد. دو نوع از جهش در ژن LEP گاوهای SO شناسایی شد و شامل ترانسورژن (44 درصد) و ترانزیشن (56 درصد) بود. نتیجه گرفته شد که ژن LEP در گاوهای SO چندشکلی نشان داد و دارای پتانسیل برای انتخاب مولکولی در برنامه اصلاح نژادی از طریق تحقیقات عمیق است. Manuscript profile

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135 - Effects of Bioassay and Age on Amino Acid Digestibility and Metabolizable Energy of Soybean, Sunflower and Canola Meals
A. Yaghobfar

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136 - ارزیابی in situ تجزیه‌پذیری شکمبه‌ای و قابلیت هضم روده‌ای کنجاله آفتابگردان در مقایسه با کنجاله سویا
کا.و. ندلکوو

هدف از این مطالعه مقایسه ارزش غذایی کنجاله آفتابگردان (SFM) و پروتئین کنجاله سویا (SBM) توسط تعیین هم تجزیه‌پذیری شکمبه‌ای و هم قابل هضم روده‌ی بود. سه گاو غیر شیرده جرسی مجهز به کانولای شکمبه‌ای و نوع T اثنی‌عشری (دئودنال) برای برآورد تجزیه‌پذیری شکمبه‌ای و قابلیت هضم More

هدف از این مطالعه مقایسه ارزش غذایی کنجاله آفتابگردان (SFM) و پروتئین کنجاله سویا (SBM) توسط تعیین هم تجزیه‌پذیری شکمبه‌ای و هم قابل هضم روده‌ی بود. سه گاو غیر شیرده جرسی مجهز به کانولای شکمبه‌ای و نوع T اثنی‌عشری (دئودنال) برای برآورد تجزیه‌پذیری شکمبه‌ای و قابلیت هضم روده‌ای ماده خشک (DM) SFM و SBM و پروتئین خام (CP) استفاده شدند. نمونه‌هایی از SFM از هفت گیاه فرآوری شده آفتابگردان (SFM1 تا SFM7) جمع‌آوری شدند. هر دو خوراک پروتئینی برای ساعت‌های 0، 2، 4، 8، 16، 24 و 48 در شش تکرار در شکمبه گاوها انکوبه شدند. سرعت تجزیه‌پذیری DM به ‌طور متوسط 8/24 درصد برای SFM بود که کمتر از مقدار مشاهده شده برای SBM (2/29 درصد) بود (01/0>P). تجزیه‌پذیری موثر DM برای SFM (2/56 درصد/ساعت)، در میانگین نرخ خروج شکمبه‌ای 06/0/ساعت، پایین‌تر بود (01/0>P) در مقایسه با نمونه‌های SBM (3/67 درصد/ساعت). کسر قابل شستشوی a پروتئین (CP) برای نمونه‌های SFM (3/25 درصد) بشتر بود (01/0>P) در مقایسه با تمامی دسته‌های SBM (5/16 درصد). تجزیه‌پذیری مؤثر پروتئین SFM (7/67  درصد/ساعت) در نرخ عبور شکمبه‌ای 06/0/ساعت بیشتر بود (01/0>P) نسبت به SBM (63 درصد/ساعت). قابلیت هضم روده‌ای DM نمونه‌های SFM (6/42 درصد) اندازه‌گیری شده توسط تکنیک کیسه متحرک (01/0>P) نسبت به نمونه‌های SBM (9/71 درصد) پایین‌تر بود. قابلیت هضم روده‌ای پروتئین SFM (9/89 درصد) همچنین پایین‌تر بود (01/0>P) نسبت به SBM (6/94 درصد). نتایج این مطالعه نشان می‌دهد که نمونه‌های SBM مقاوم‌تر به تجزیه‌پذیری شکمبه‌ای نسبت به SFM بودند. داده‌ها پیشنهاد می‌دهند که تغییر پارامترهای حرارت‌دهی (toasting) می‌تواند تجزیه‌پذیری SFM را برای بهبود کیفیت پروتئین کاهش دهد. Manuscript profile

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137 - Effect of Feeding Canola or Sunflower Seeds on Conjugated Linoleic Acid Enrichment in Cow’s Milk Fat
J.W. Schroeder W.L. Keller D. Carlson

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138 - تأثیر منبع پروتیین روی رشد بره‌ها
م. سیمنوو ک. ندلکو

هدف مطالعه حاضر ارزیابی تأثیر کنجاله سویا و آفتابگردان برشته شده روی مصرف و عملکرد رشدی برههای نژاد پلهون سرسیاه بود. نتایج مشخص کرد که افزودن کنجاله سویای برشته به خوراک سبب شد تا برهها رشد سریعتری را نسبت به آنهایی که کنجاله آفتابگردان مصرف می More

هدف مطالعه حاضر ارزیابی تأثیر کنجاله سویا و آفتابگردان برشته شده روی مصرف و عملکرد رشدی برههای نژاد پلهون سرسیاه بود. نتایج مشخص کرد که افزودن کنجاله سویای برشته به خوراک سبب شد تا برهها رشد سریعتری را نسبت به آنهایی که کنجاله آفتابگردان مصرف میکردند، داشته باشند. افزودن کنجاله سویای برشته به خوراک سبب شد تا برهها مقدار کمتری از ذرت و علوفه خشک را مصرف کنند، در حالیکه خوراک پروتئینی بیشتری در همان زمان مصرف شد. علیرغم سرعت رشد بیشتر (01/0P<) در برهها دریافت کننده سویای برشته شده، این برهها مصرف کمتری از ماده خشک، خوراک کنسانتره و پروتیین خام برای 1 کیلوگرم از افزایش وزن را در مقایسه با برههای تغذیه شده با کنجاله آفتابگردان نشان دادند (01/0P<). مقدار مصرف ماده خشک اثر معنیدار (با ضریب همبستگی بالا، 647/0r=) روی متوسط افزایش وزن روزانه در برههای مصرف کننده کنجاله سویای برشته شده داشت. در هر دو گروه برهها، مصرف پروتیین خام و واحدهای خوراک برای رشد به طور معنیداری روی عملکرد رشدی حیوانات اثر گذاشت. Manuscript profile

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139 - اثر سطوح مختلف کنجاله آفتابگردان و نیاسین بر عملکرد، پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی، وضعیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی و کلسترول زرده مرغ‌های تخمگذار
پ. باغبان-کنعانی ح. جانمحمدی ع.ر. استادرحیمی

این آزمایش به منظور بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف کنجاله آفتابگردان و نیاسین بر عملکرد، پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی، وضعیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی و کلسترول زرده تخم مرغ مرغان تخمگذار انجام گردید. تعداد 960 قطعه مرغ تخمگذار لگهورن سویه تجاری های-لاین W-36 به طور تصادفی در قالب 12 جیره غذای More

این آزمایش به منظور بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف کنجاله آفتابگردان و نیاسین بر عملکرد، پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی، وضعیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی و کلسترول زرده تخم مرغ مرغان تخمگذار انجام گردید. تعداد 960 قطعه مرغ تخمگذار لگهورن سویه تجاری های-لاین W-36 به طور تصادفی در قالب 12 جیره غذایی آزمایشی، 8 تکرار و در هر تکرار از 10 قطعه مرغ به عنوان واحد آزمایشی استفاده گردید. روش آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل 3 × 4 در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی شامل 3 سطح کنجاله آفتابگردان (0، 10 و 15 درصد) و 4 سطح نیاسین (0، 175، 225 و 275 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم) به مدت 10 هفته بود. خوراک مصرفی تحت تأثیر کنجاله آفتابگردان، نیاسین و اثر متقابل نیاسین و کنجاله آفتابگردان قرار نگرفت (05/0<P). تولید تخم مرغ، وزن تخم مرغ و توده تخم مرغ در مرغان تغذیه شده با سطح 15 درصد کنجاله آفتابگردان کاهش یافت (05/0>P). هر چند افزودن سطح 275 میلیگرم بر کیلوگرم نیاسین موجب افزایش تولید تخم مرغ و توده تخم مرغ گردید (05/0>P). وزن تخم مرغ تحت تأثیر سطوح مختلف نیاسین قرار نگرفت (05/0>P). ضریب تبدیل خوراک تحت تأثیر سطوح مختلف کنجاله آفتابگردان قرار گرفت (05/0>P)، اما تحت تأثیر سطوح مختلف نیاسین و اثر متقابل نیاسین و کنجاله آفتابگردان قرار نگرفت (05/0<P). در حقیقت، سطح 15 درصد کنجاله آفتابگردان ضریب تبدیل خوراک را از 12/2 به 14/2 افزایش داد (05/0>P). بجز ضخامت پوسته، سایر پارامترهای کیفی تخم مرغ تحت تأثیر سطوح مختلف نیاسین قرار نگرفت (05/0<P). مکملسازی جیره غذایی با 15 درصد کنجاله آفتابگردان منجر به کاهش ضخامت پوسته از 29/0 به 28/0 گردید (05/0>P). سطح 275 میلیگرم بر کیلوگرم نیاسین تأثیر معنیداری بر استحکام پوسته تخم مرغ داشت (05/0>P). کلسترول زرده تخم مرغ به میزان قابل توجهی تحت تأثیر کنجاله آفتابگردان و نیاسین قرار گرفت (05/0>P). همچنین دادههای حاصل از این آزمایش نشان داد که غلظت آلانین آمینوترانسفراز، آسپارتات آمینوترانسفراز و تری گلیسیرید سرم تحت تأثیر کنجاله آفتابگردان، نیاسین و اثرات متقابل این دو قرار نگرفت (05/0<P). اما کلسترول سرم تحت تأثیر سطوح مختلف کنجاله آفتابگردان، نیاسین و اثرات متقابل این دو قرار گرفت (05/0>P). جیرههای آزمایشی خصوصیات آنتیاکسیدانی سرم را تحت تأثیر قرار ندادند (05/0<P) Manuscript profile

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140 - The effects water stress, magnetic and moisture pretreatment on physiological parameters and yield and harvest index of sunflower in north of Khuzestan climate condition
Negin Zarian Farbod Fotouhi Ali Afrous

Sunflower is one of the most important oilseeds in the world, because of the high quality of oil it is important to plant. In order to investigate the effect of three factors of water stress, magnetic pretreatment and aqueous pretreatment on yield and yield components o More

Sunflower is one of the most important oilseeds in the world, because of the high quality of oil it is important to plant. In order to investigate the effect of three factors of water stress, magnetic pretreatment and aqueous pretreatment on yield and yield components of experimental sunflower, a factorial experiment was conducted in which water stress as the main factor and two other pretreatments as factorial. The sub factor was evaluated. The results showed that in this experiment none of the main effects and interactions had any effect on grain yield. Grain yield was affected by the interaction between water stress and magnet pretreatment and triple interaction effects. The highest grain yield was in full irrigation treatment, 150 mT magnet pretreatment for 30 min and water pretreatment. The effect of stress on the harvest index based on oil yield as well as the interaction of stress on magnetism was significant. Manuscript profile

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141 - Locating suitable places for sunflower cultivation using GIS (Case study of Dez Basin)
hossein eslami Saeid Ansari

Cultivation of agricultural products faces various constraints such as climatic constraints. In any climatic and geographical conditions for the cultivation of different crops requires a preliminary study of suitable cultivation conditions and location. The main purpose More

Cultivation of agricultural products faces various constraints such as climatic constraints. In any climatic and geographical conditions for the cultivation of different crops requires a preliminary study of suitable cultivation conditions and location. The main purpose of this study is to identify areas prone to sunflower cultivation in the Dez Basin. For this purpose, after determining the study area, the effective factors in plant cultivation were determined using library resources and the opinions of experts. Then the effect of each factor on the yield of sunflower plant was determined using AHP method. In order to locate and zoning the potential points of cultivation in the study area, a ordinary kriging model was used in the ARC GIS software environment. The results of data processing showed that 29.5% of the basin lands are in a very suitable range, 69% in a suitable range and 1.5% in a suitable medium range for sunflower cultivation. Manuscript profile

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142 - Effect of salicylic acid on the quality of edible oil and fatty acids composition in different regions of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) heads.
Hajar Khani Basiri Mohammad Sedghi Raouf Seyed Sharifi

10.30495/ijpp.2017.539072

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143 - AcetylCoA Carboxylase and Antioxidant Enzymes Activity of Sunflower under Influence of Supergallant Herbicide by Magnetic Water
Zeinab Dehghan Jalil Khara

10.30495/ijpp.2019.1879980.1167

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144 - Genetic Structure and Marker-Trait Associations in Parental Lines of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Hossein Zeinalzadeh-Tabrizi Arash Hosseinpour Mehdi Ghaffari Kamil Haliloglu

10.30495/ijpp.2021.1933502.1340

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145 - Effect of ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid chelator in the presence of chromium on growth and some physiological characteristics of sunflower.
Maryam Niakan Fereshteh Kaghazloo Kaghazloo

10.30495/ijpp.2016.539832

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146 - Applying Adaptive Network-based fuzzy Inference System to Predict Travel Time in Highways for Intelligent Transportation Systems
Rouhollah Maghsoudi Behzad Moshiri

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147 - Measuring the Willingness to Immigrate in Rural Households in the Eastern Frontier Regions (Case Study: Torbat-e Jam County)
maryam Ghasemi Farhad Ramezani

Introduction: Border villages are among the most sensitive and strategic parts of the country that have unique and unique characteristics in various economic, social, political, cultural and security aspects. Migration of rural inhabitants of the border will deprive the More

Introduction: Border villages are among the most sensitive and strategic parts of the country that have unique and unique characteristics in various economic, social, political, cultural and security aspects. Migration of rural inhabitants of the border will deprive these regions of the productive and protective population of the country and create problems in the destination of migration.Research Aim: the present study aims to measure the tendency of households to migrate to the border villages of Torbat-Jam city which is more 95% of them are Sunnis.Methodology: The research method is descriptive-analytical and it is applied-developmental. Documentation and field data were collected using a questionnaire. The sample size is 214 Sunni households residing in 17 villages 10 km from the Iran-Afghanistan border.Studied Areas: The geographical area of this research is the villages located 10 kilometers from the Iran-Afghanistan border in Torbat-e Jam County of Razavi Khorasan province according to the country divisions of 2015 and before the separation of Saleh Abad County.Results: The results show that the mean tendency to migrate construct is 1.98 lower than the theoretical average and is low in the Likert spectrum. This is due to the religious dualism of the destination with the source of immigration, which creates a large social cost for the migrant at the destination. Therefore, among the inhabitants of the border villages of the city, migration as a defensive strategy in the face of livelihood challenges and the latest strategy to achieve Minimal living standards.Conclusion: This study showed that only the existence of some deprivations does not cause migration, because for the Sunni villagers living on the border, cultural reasons (living in birth place and with people of the same religion) cause a low desire to migrate. Since the population in the border villages is considered as a strategic reserve of the country, it is an inevitable necessity to try to solve the livelihood problems, especially considering the low desire of the residents to migrate and the relative stability of the population. Manuscript profile

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148 - Study the effect of defoliation and nitrogen foliar application on yield Physiology of Sunflower
Ahad Madani farshid vazin Alireza Zamani

10.2./jpps.2022.691241

To investigate the effects of defoliation and nitrogen foliar application on yield physiology of sunflower, a experiments was performed in a randomized complete block design with split-plot arrangement in Gonabad region during 2015 and 2016 seasons. Nitrogen consists of More

To investigate the effects of defoliation and nitrogen foliar application on yield physiology of sunflower, a experiments was performed in a randomized complete block design with split-plot arrangement in Gonabad region during 2015 and 2016 seasons. Nitrogen consists of two levels of spraying in flowering time (N1) and control (N2) in the main plots. Defoliation consists of five levels: Control (D1), 1/3 defoliation at 8th leaf stage (D2), 2/3 defoliation at 8th leaf stage (D3), 1/3 defoliation at beginning of the flowering (D4), 2/3 defoliation at beginning of the flowering (D5). In nitrogen deficiency conditions, by cutting 1/3 of the leaves at the first of the flowering, grain yield increased by 28% (0.54 to 0.75 kg ha-1) compared to control treatment .In the conditions of nitrogen consumption, after removing the 2/3 of the leaves at the first of the flowering, the amount of dry matter transfer reallocation from the stem to the grain showed a significant increase compared to the control, while in the conditions of non-nitrogen consumption, defoliation treatments had a slight effect on the contribution of stem reserves. Under the conditions of nitrogen deficiency, the negative effect of sink size restriction on grain yield is more than the negative effect of source strength restriction. constraints than the source power limitations On the practice Gain rejection is more. Plant breeders focus their programs to increase the efficiency of nitrogen consumption in order to increase the strength of the sink and reduce extra leaves with low efficiency in grain filling. Manuscript profile

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149 - Effect of silicon application on morphological and physiological characteristics of sunflower (Helianthus.annuus L.) under different moisture levels
zohreh nabipour Gholamreza Zamani

    Available water is the main factor limiting crop growth and production in arid areas. In this regard, in order to investigate the effect of silicon application on morphological, physiological and yield characteristics of sunflower under different mois More

    Available water is the main factor limiting crop growth and production in arid areas. In this regard, in order to investigate the effect of silicon application on morphological, physiological and yield characteristics of sunflower under different moisture levels, an experiment was conducted in the crop year 2018-2019 in Gonabad, Iran. This study was conducted as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factor of irrigation with different moisture levels based on water requirement includes four levels (100% water requirement, 80% water requirement, 60% water requirement and 40% water requirement) and the secondary factor of silicon consumption time. There were four levels (no application (control), application in vegetative stage, application in reproductive stage, application in vegetative stage and reproductive stage). The results showed that reducing the moisture level from 100% to 40% of water requirement reduced the quantitative traits studied; So that the lowest seed yield (1730.8 kg / ha) and oil yield (583.41 kg / ha) were obtained in the treatment of moisture level of 40% of water requirement. Also, the application of silicon under low moisture levels based on water requirement improved the effects of reducing moisture levels in all evaluated traits and seed yield. The highest seed yield (7572.96 kg / ha) was obtained in the treatment of 80% water requirement and application of silicon in the vegetative and reproductive stages and the lowest value (1193.54 kg / ha) was obtained in the treatment of 40% water requirement and without the use of silicon. Also, the application of silicon in the vegetative and reproductive stages compared to the non-application treatment (control) increased 2.5, 1.5 and 2.5 times the oil yield at different levels of moisture, including 80, 60 and 40% of water requirement. In general, the results showed that the use of silicon in the vegetative and reproductive stages at a moisture level of 80% of the water requirement compensated for the adverse effects of reducing the moisture level in the studied traits. Manuscript profile

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150 - Changes the vegetative characteristics and grain yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars in the presence of fenugreek as living mulch
Bita Abbasi Gholamreza Mohammadi Alireza Bagheri

   This study was done to investigate the response of vegetative traits of sunflower cultivars in the presence of fenugreek as living mulch at Razi University in 2017. The experiment was conducted as split-plot based on randomized complete block. First factor More

   This study was done to investigate the response of vegetative traits of sunflower cultivars in the presence of fenugreek as living mulch at Razi University in 2017. The experiment was conducted as split-plot based on randomized complete block. First factor was the sowing fenugreek at four levels (control (without living mulch), 15 days before sowing of sunflower, simultaneous sowing with sunflower, 15 days after sowing of sunflower) and the second factor was three sunflower cultivars (Progress, Farrokh, Lakomka). Results showed that with planting of fenugreek before sunflower, height, stem weight, number of leaves, leaf weight, leaf area index, content of chlorophyll a, b and total of chlorophylls were decreased by 26.4%, 62.1%, 24.8%, 68.5%, 63%, 7.4%, 3.7% and 6.8% compared to control, respectively. The lowest relative water content was also obtained by planting fenugreek before sunflower (65.2% and 52.7% at the one third of primary growth season and flowering stages). The effect of presence mulch under the simultaneous and 15 days after sunflower conditions had no significant effect on growth characteristics of sunflower compared to control condition. Among thecultivars, the highest of grain yield was assigned to Lacomka (3426 kg/ha). However, Progress had the highest height (212 cm), stem weight (523 g/plant), leaf number (25.5 per plant), leaf weight (157.4 g/plant), leaf area index (6.2) and relative water content (77.8% and 70.5% at the one third of of primary growth season and flowering stages). The highest of leaf area ratio (0.013 m2/g) and carotenoid content (2.5 mg) belonged to Farrokh. Manuscript profile

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151 - Analysis of the Effects of Agricultural Inputs Price Liberalization on the Production of Sunflower in Khoy Zone
Ali Bagherzadeh Fatemeh kazemzadeh

Sunflower is one of four main annual oil plants that cultivated in oil and nut varieties. This plant as an important and industrial food product and because of nutritional features and the potential for earning exchange has become a valuable product in foreign and inner More

Sunflower is one of four main annual oil plants that cultivated in oil and nut varieties. This plant as an important and industrial food product and because of nutritional features and the potential for earning exchange has become a valuable product in foreign and inner markets and has a special position in agricultural sector. Khoy, by producing 40 percent of sunflower productions of country annually, is the greatest sunflower producer in Iran. The main purpose of this study is the analysis of the effects of inputs price liberalization on production of sunflower producers in this city. This study is according to a field research and cross-sectional data of 2009 have been used for it. Results show input price liberalization policy by increasing inputs prices and decreasing demand amounts of inputs, increases the production costs and decreases the production and totally it’s harmful for sunflower producers. For preventing negative effects of liberalization on production, adopting necessary policies such as merging small farms and making big ones to profit by economies of scale and increasing production and productivity with the resulted incomes from liberalization and spending them in scientific researches to produce with low costs are suggested. Manuscript profile

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152 - Effects of Atmospheric Changes on Reducing the Performance of Solar Panels by Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Shahrokh Jalili Elay Mehrpourazari

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153 - Tectonic of coastal- foothill region of Southwestern Caspian with a view on the marine hazards
Anahita Keynezhad

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154 - Evaluation of energy loss in solar panels in day-night circulation by MATLAB
Elay Mehrpourazari Shahrokh Jalili

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155 - settlement of il shahsun in markazi province
payam amiri naser jadidi

il shahsun baghdadi is one of the province s of centeralmarkaziprovince.nadir shahs primary nucleus was il baghdadi in 1145-46 AH during the battle with the ottomans from the nearby areas of kirkuk to khorasan.the main body of this baghdadi after migrating to khorasan w More

il shahsun baghdadi is one of the province s of centeralmarkaziprovince.nadir shahs primary nucleus was il baghdadi in 1145-46 AH during the battle with the ottomans from the nearby areas of kirkuk to khorasan.the main body of this baghdadi after migrating to khorasan with the onset of the murder of nadir shsh went to the faris area and after the death of karimkhan zand in the early qajar rule ghazvin protected areas were located in hamedan and adjoining areas and the kharaghan mountain range was confrimed by official authhority as a tribal residence.the range of these nomads around the cities of saveh and zarandieh in northern markazi province and their mountain peaks are the northern highlands of hamedan province.the present research seeks to answer the question of what features the al_qassish emigration of baghdadi based in markazi province?the reserch shows that the main structure of nomadic society in the province of markazi has been completeiy changeddue to the changes of the past decades. it only remains one of the names. Manuscript profile

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156 - Tsunami Propagation in Arabian Sea and Its Effect on Dwarka City of Gujarat, India
Vikram M. Patel H.S Patel A.P Singh

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157 - The effect of soil stress contaminated with lead and cadmium elements in Arak region on growth indicators and chlorophyll and carotenoid content of sunflower cultivars
Babak Paykarestan rezvan karamiborzabad

10.30495/jdb.2023.1979096.1356

This research was evaluated in order to investigate the effect of soil contaminated with heavy elements in Arak region on three sunflower cultivars. The first factor includes: soil contaminated with heavy elements collected from Arak region and its comparison with the u More

This research was evaluated in order to investigate the effect of soil contaminated with heavy elements in Arak region on three sunflower cultivars. The first factor includes: soil contaminated with heavy elements collected from Arak region and its comparison with the uncontaminated control collected from Tafarsh region, and the second factor includes cultivars including: Armaviroski, Alstar, and Ezoflor, common cultivars of sunflower cultivation in Arak region. The effect of contaminated soil on leaf area index traits and leaf area ratio was significant at the level of 1%, but it had no significant effect on other traits. The effect of the cultivar was also significant on the leaf area index at the level of 1%, but it was not significant on the other evaluated indices.. In the investigation of the content of chlorophyll a, the highest amount was assigned to the Alstar cultivar at the rate of 10.54 mg/g fresh weight of leaves, and the lowest amount was assigned to the variety Azoflor at the rate of 10.23 mg/g fresh weight of leaves, which did not have a significant difference. Examining the amount of carotenoid, Allstar, Armaviroski and Azoflor cultivars had 2.53, 2.07 and 1.98 mg per gram of leaf wet weight, respectively, which was significant at the five percent level. Among the cultivars, the most The seed yield was assigned to the Azoflor cultivar at the rate of 3822 kg/ha and the lowest yield was assigned to the Alstar variety at the rate of 2231 kg/ha. Manuscript profile

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158 - An interpretive look at the example of the atom of Asmaullah from the perspective of Shiites and Sunnis
Seyed Rasoul Sajadi Nasab Mohammad Reza Aboei Ahmad Sadeghian

In this article, an attempt has been made to clarify the main view of Muslim commentators on the meaning of the atom of divine names by examining the interpretations of Shiites and Sunnis, and analyzing the contents. Based on the findings of this study, which has been d More

In this article, an attempt has been made to clarify the main view of Muslim commentators on the meaning of the atom of divine names by examining the interpretations of Shiites and Sunnis, and analyzing the contents. Based on the findings of this study, which has been done by analytical and descriptive methods and with a case study of interpretations, it became clear that according to Shiite commentators, the Prophet and the Ahl al-Bayt () are examples of the fullness of divine names and there are several reasons for this. Shiite interpretations have been made especially by the infallibles (). But according to the Sunnis, the consensus of the commentators is definite only on the person of the Holy Prophet (pbuh) and they seem to believe that after the Prophet Khatam (pbuh), there are other divine prophets in terms of spiritual status and they do not consider anyone to have priority over the prophets; But in some of their important interpretations, Abu Bakr has been introduced as the same rank and rank of the Prophet. In addition, narrations and materials can be found in their commentaries that indicate the rivalry of Amir al-Mu'minin Ali () and in a few cases, indicate the rivalry of competence with the Holy Prophet (1). Therefore, it is not possible to comment on the belief of Sunni commentators in the example of the atom of divine names. Manuscript profile

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159 - The Archetype of Sun in the Poems of Khāghanī and Nezāmī
محسن ذوالفقاری الهام حدادی

  According to Carl Gustav Jung, the archetypes appear in the collective unconscious through the symbols. The archetype of sun, symbol of power and beauty, has striking presence in Persian poetry. The present article, by studying the poems of Khāghanī and Nezāmī, More

  According to Carl Gustav Jung, the archetypes appear in the collective unconscious through the symbols. The archetype of sun, symbol of power and beauty, has striking presence in Persian poetry. The present article, by studying the poems of Khāghanī and Nezāmī, tries to show that the archetype of sun is rooted in the collective unconscious of these poets.   Manuscript profile

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160 - Symbol of Sun Suhrawardi's Allegorical Works
حسین خسروی

    From the earliest period of Persian poetry, the sun has been a subject of attention, and in the 6th and 7th AH, Khāghānī Shirvāni, Attār Nishāburi and Mowlānā Jalāl-al Din Balkhi employed the image of the sun in their poems. But for Shahāb al-Din Suhraw More

    From the earliest period of Persian poetry, the sun has been a subject of attention, and in the 6th and 7th AH, Khāghānī Shirvāni, Attār Nishāburi and Mowlānā Jalāl-al Din Balkhi employed the image of the sun in their poems. But for Shahāb al-Din Suhrawardi (1155-1191), the Persian philosopher and mystic, the light and the sun have a special significance; according to him all creation is a successive outflow of the original supreme Light of Lights (Nur al-Anvar). This article tries to analyze the symbol of sun in the Allegorical Works of Suhrawardi, especially Loqat-e Murān.     Manuscript profile

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161 - Deities of Judging in Avestā and Shānāmeh: A Comparative Study
gheddise razvaniyan mohammad zareei

In Iranian mythology, Mitra as deity of covenant and judging, has a stable connection with Sun and receives its help to perform its functions. Two deities, Souroush and Rashan accompany him in judging. All of these deities, in addition to judging, have another functions More

In Iranian mythology, Mitra as deity of covenant and judging, has a stable connection with Sun and receives its help to perform its functions. Two deities, Souroush and Rashan accompany him in judging. All of these deities, in addition to judging, have another functions like giving blessing, accompanying the soul of the dead, supporting honesty and fighting with demons. In the present article, we try to show the features of deities of judging by using content analysis method. Then we consider the connection of these features with the deity of judging in Shānāmeh. In addition to studying the poems which refer to the judging of Mitra and the sun, furthermore, instances that the term of judging indicate the presence of deities of judging are considered. Manuscript profile

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162 - Sun as a Linguistic Sign in the Works of Rumī
zohre najafi

The mystical language of Mulānā Jalāl-al Din Rumī is distinct and special. He utilizes linguistic signs, significants, significances and signifieds for expressing his mystical ideas. One of the most applied signs, in his poems, is sun. He relates it, as a significant, t More

The mystical language of Mulānā Jalāl-al Din Rumī is distinct and special. He utilizes linguistic signs, significants, significances and signifieds for expressing his mystical ideas. One of the most applied signs, in his poems, is sun. He relates it, as a significant, to different signifieds or different features of a signified. In mystical texts, sun is one of common linguistic signs, but Rumī uses it according his own mystical experiences and doesn't imitate his predecessors. So, sun, as a linguistic sign, includes a widespread field of significance and suggests different ideas to readers in different poems. The present article tries to show applications of the term of sun, its meaning and its various significances in the works of Mulānā Jalāl-al Din Rumī; in this way it is possible to have a better interpret of some of his poems.   Manuscript profile

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163 - Evaluation of Sound Channel usage in Tsunami Alarm System in Makran Sea
A. Mohseni Araste K. Lari

In this project it was focused on a method which used sound channel to receive underwater seismo signals. After the discovery of sound channel existence in Arabian Sea and Makran Sea, all the sea water physical parameters data and the possibility of their variations cau More

In this project it was focused on a method which used sound channel to receive underwater seismo signals. After the discovery of sound channel existence in Arabian Sea and Makran Sea, all the sea water physical parameters data and the possibility of their variations caused by wind, surface currents, internal currents, sedimentations, etc. were analyzed, following which, the seismo acoustics transmission in sound channel was studied. Furthermore time travel of a sound signal was calculated and compared with a tsunami wave time travel. Research method was based on the study of sound channel formation with regards to sea water physical parameters variations, change in mixed layer formation and evaluation of SOFAR cline with changes in mixed layer cline. Results showed that we can use underwater sound channels to trace underwater seismo acoustics in these regions. Travel time of this sound was one seventh of a tsunami wave travel time. Manuscript profile

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164 - Assessment of Coastal Residential Structure Stability against Tsunami Waves
Afshin Mohseni Arasteh K. Lari N. Hashemi Pour

This research, is based on the analysis of field data as well as existing models of hypothetical tsunamis caused by the Makran fault under different scenarios, introduced forces on coastal residential structures, taking into account the depth of penetration and altitude More

This research, is based on the analysis of field data as well as existing models of hypothetical tsunamis caused by the Makran fault under different scenarios, introduced forces on coastal residential structures, taking into account the depth of penetration and altitude of the tsunami flood in the Chabahar area. Also, considering the land cover of the area, the stability of the residential structure of the sample was examined with the frame of a floor using the SAP2000 software. Since a structure is exerted against linear forces from the forces flowing from a tsunami, a nonlinear static analysis was used. In this study, existing residential buildings in the region were examined in such a way that the possible advance of the expected tsunami was anticipated to propose the most secure structures. Also, the probable flooding of Chabahar, the largest population center and coastal facility in the north of the Oman Sea, was assessed which was based on the simulation and numerical modeling of pre-assumed tsunami in the area. The results indicated that, in the case of a single-story structure, according to the thesample, up to a displacement of 0.6 cm for a base cut, about 55 tons behaves almost linearly. The structure moves into the destruction area after moving 1.55 cm. In a building with a two-story frame, the absence of walls resistant to hydrodynamic forces and the wave fracture force will be much less because the width of the column in front of the flow is much smaller than the width of the wall, which is equal to the total width of the frame. That is why the amount of these forces is greatly reduced. Manuscript profile

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165 - The potentiality of UV absorption by isolated pigments from Penicillium and Aspergillus for using sunscreen compounds
Nasim Heidari Maryam Kazemipour Mooj Khaleghi

Background and Objectives: Microbial pigments are nowadays employed in many different industries. Due to carcinogenic ability of sunrays, protection of skin from the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun by using an effective sunscreen is necessary. This study aimed to ev More

Background and Objectives: Microbial pigments are nowadays employed in many different industries. Due to carcinogenic ability of sunrays, protection of skin from the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun by using an effective sunscreen is necessary. This study aimed to evaluate the sun protection factor (SPF) of the pigments obtained from Penicillium and Aspergillus fungi in absorption of ultraviolet radiation, in vitro. Materials and Methods: In this study, fungal strains were randomly isolated from air and soil. The fungal pigments were extracted using Water and DMSO solvents. Following a filtration step, these pigment solutions were powdered using lyophilization and drying in room temperature. After three time dilution steps, absorbance of each sample at 200-700nm wavelengths was measured by a spectrophotometer to evaluate SPF of these samples. Results: Among the species studied in this study, Aspergillus and Penicillium showed the highest absorption at 300 and 290 nm, respectively. These ability is equal to 272 and 140 sun protection factors, respectively, which was the best protective ability of these isolates from ultraviolet rays. Furthermore, the yellowish and black pigments showed the best UV absorption ability. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the pigments isolated from the fungus Penicillium and Aspergillus showed high protection against UV rays. Therefore, it is possible to replace chemical compounds used in cream sunscreen with these natural pigments.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

166 - US,, Identity challenges and failed state in Iraq (2020-2003)
Behnam Sarkheil

The great powers, such as the US, seek to advance their policies in the region, especially in key countries such as Iraq, by influencing the components of power. This is while the political situation after the formation of the new Iraq (2003-2020) has developed in such More

The great powers, such as the US, seek to advance their policies in the region, especially in key countries such as Iraq, by influencing the components of power. This is while the political situation after the formation of the new Iraq (2003-2020) has developed in such a way that the currents of identity have enjoyed a growing role and Challenges arising from identity rivalries have acted in a variety of forms such as state-building or even disrupting political stability. However, recognizing the role and position of identity currents and how to identify them in a situation where there is virtually no clear vision for a US presence in the region has become doubly important.The present article examines the role of identity currents in Iraq in a descriptive-analytical manner and in the framework of Rosena Chaos Theory and it answers the question, what strategy has the United States prioritized over the nation-state in Iraq, given the intermediate variables of identity currents? Hypothesis: The United States, understanding the growing role of identity movements, has sought to undermine existing structures in Iraq by shaping a set of identity challenges and creating socio-political irregularities. Paved the way for the realization of the model of a failed state and provided the conditions for the continuation of its interventions in Iraq. Findings: Utilizing soft power such as media and virtual tools to create political, economic, and social destabilization (such as riots and street protests) is part of the strategy of a failed state in Iraq. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

167 - Ethnicity, religion and participation forms among Shia and Sunni kordish followers in Kermanshah cit
fariba mowghofehi alireza mohsenitabrizi

10.30495/jscc.2022.692247

The present article investigated the ethnicity, religion and participation forms among Shia and Sunni Kurdish followers of Kermanshah city in 2017. Through survey research method and according to the statistical rules for determining the sample group, 384 Shia and Sunni More

The present article investigated the ethnicity, religion and participation forms among Shia and Sunni Kurdish followers of Kermanshah city in 2017. Through survey research method and according to the statistical rules for determining the sample group, 384 Shia and Sunni Kurdish religious people were chosen in stratified ratio sampling way as the sample case of study. The data was collected through researcher-made questionnaire consisting of items with 5 Likert scales which had 0.95 approval reliability and accepted contents validity. The Lerner, Eisen and Fieshbine-Homans and also Moseni Tabrizi teories were applied to codify research`s theoretical framework for the variables. The obtained results revealed that the status of participation forms among Kurdish people in Kermanshah was 5.62 percent. The results of independent t-test also proved that Shia Kurdish followers had higher levels of psychological, cultural and political participation. But, Sunni religious followers, in contrast to Shia followers, had upper level of economical and social participation.             Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

168 - Contextualization of the Sunni Crescent; Iran's Strategy to Balance Religious Unilateralism in the Shiite Crescent
Mansour Anbarmou

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Open Access Article

169 - Fundamentals of the legitimacy of the ruling in absentia in Imami jurisprudence with a look at Sunni jurisprudence
mostafa ghafoorian nejad malihe gholami

Attendance of litigants in trial is a principle for settling a lawsuit among parties because in divine Sharia of Islam and Islamic law, the presence of parties in the hearing validates the authority of the judge over trial, i.e. summoned party or his trustee (agent) mus More

Attendance of litigants in trial is a principle for settling a lawsuit among parties because in divine Sharia of Islam and Islamic law, the presence of parties in the hearing validates the authority of the judge over trial, i.e. summoned party or his trustee (agent) must attend the trial and submit his defenses of the claim to the court or submit a bill to the court in the case of absence to prevent violation of his rights. However in some cases, the trial proceeds in the absence of a litigant of the lawsuit. This is an important issue in judgment and trail. Like other issues in jurisprudence, judgment by default needs to depend on authenticated sources and bases. The most fundamental and legitimate sources and bases for absent verdict include Quranic verses, tradition of immaculate Imams, consensus of jurist and reason. Therefore, we have studied and analyzed each of this sources while briefly considering Sunni jurisprudence in all aspects of the issue. The Current study has been a descriptive analytic research which has employed library method through note-taking instrument. In sum, it was concluded that in trial by default, considering some foundations, it can be said that in any condition, it is incumbent on the judge to summon the defendant to trail before issuing any verdict but in the case of the defendant’s absence, he is permitted to proceed a default judgment and issue the verdict in absence. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

170 - Scope of heresy and its recognition criteria: A comparative study of Qur'anic interpretations and the narration of Sunni and Shiite scholars
ali honarmand Seyyed Abolghasem Naghibi Seyyed Sadegh Mousavi

AbstractOne of the major harms that Islam, like other divine religions, has faced is heresy. Therefore, in verses and hadiths, heresy has been repeatedly and clearly condemned and heretics have been condemned and denigrated. Although Islamic scholars have interpreted he More

AbstractOne of the major harms that Islam, like other divine religions, has faced is heresy. Therefore, in verses and hadiths, heresy has been repeatedly and clearly condemned and heretics have been condemned and denigrated. Although Islamic scholars have interpreted heresy as "our entry is not my religion in religion", there is no consensus among them on the criteria of heresy. Most Imami scholars have considered attributing something to religion without the existence of a religious document as heresy, but a group of Sunnis has considered everything that happened after the first three centuries of Islam as heresy. Therefore, the criterion of Shiism in this regard is qualitative and the criterion of Sunnis is quantitative (time). This practice in recognizing the tradition of heresy leads to differences of opinion of Islamic scholars on the scope of heresy and its examples. From the point of view of those who consider the events of the incident after the first three centuries as heresy, the scope of heresy is very wide and wide, but according to the view of a group that uses general evidence, Emerging issues are considered to have a religious document. The scope of heresy is limited. In this article, while explaining the concept of heresy, some of its criteria, arguments, and examples have been read analytically and comparatively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

171 - Effect of Plant Density on Radiation Use Efficiency, Extinction Coefficient and Grain Yield of Two Sunflower Cultivars in Northern Khuzestan
fatame zarghami mehdi sadeghi

Plant density is one of the important factors influencing the amount of light reaching to plants. An experiment was carried out at agricultural research farm of Azad university of Dezfol (Sanjer region) in 2013 and 2014. The experiment design was factorial in a randomiz More

Plant density is one of the important factors influencing the amount of light reaching to plants. An experiment was carried out at agricultural research farm of Azad university of Dezfol (Sanjer region) in 2013 and 2014. The experiment design was factorial in a randomized complete block with three replications. Plant densities of (4.5, 5.5, 6.5 and 7.5 plant/m2). Two sunflower cultivars of Shahroodi and Domsefid were cultivated. The results showed that the effect of plant density was significant on leaf area index (LAI), Radiation use efficiency (RUE), Grain yield, extinction coefficient (K) and light interception (LI). The highest LAI and RUE were 4.24 and 1.92(MJ/M2/S) for Shahroodi cultivar, respectively. The highest K and LI in Domsefid cultivar were 0.137 and 43.4% respectively. The increase in plant density of both cultivars resulted in increasing the RUE. The highest grain yield for Domsefid cultivar (6.5 plant/m2) was 5249.9 kg/ha. The highest grain yield for Domsefid cultivar (6.5 plant/m2) was 5249.9 kg/ha. The highest grain yield for Domsefid cultivar (6.5 plant/m2) was 5249.9 kg/ha. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

172 - Effect of solubilizing phosphate bacteria Pseudomonas putida on salt tolerance of two sunflower cultivars
M. Yosefirad F. Moghimi

This study aimed to investigate the effect of solubilizing phosphate bacteria Pseudomonas putida on salt tolerance of two sunflower cultivars in crop year 2010 in greenhouse of Islamic Azad University, was performed. The experiment was done as factorial based on randomi More

This study aimed to investigate the effect of solubilizing phosphate bacteria Pseudomonas putida on salt tolerance of two sunflower cultivars in crop year 2010 in greenhouse of Islamic Azad University, was performed. The experiment was done as factorial based on randomized complete block design in three replications. First factor consist of non inoculation and inoculation of sunflower seeds with Pseudomonas putida, and second factor consist of two sunflower cultivars of Alstar and Progress and third factor was three levels of salinity control (0.6), 5 and 7 ds/m. Salinity decreased shoot dry weight, plant height, leaf number in plant, seed number per head, seed hundred weight, seed yield and phosphate content and concentration in studied varieties. All studied traits in inoculated plants with bacteria, in both conditions of stress salinity and non-stress were larger than non inoculated plants. Alstar cultivar was more salinity tolerant than to progress cultivar, but Progress to bacterial inoculation showed a better response in salinity condition. The research results showed that inoculated plants with bacteria had salt tolerance greater than non inoculated plants. Thus it can be stated that Pseudomonas putida increased salinity tolerance of sunflower in salinity stress condition. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

173 - Allelopathic effect of sunflower residues extract on wheat and rapeseed germination
F. Momtazi

In order to evaluating allelopathy of sunflower residue extract on wheat and rapeseed germination and seedling growth an experiment was conducted in 2016 at Shiraz in Completely Randomized Design with four replication. Five concentration of sunflower extract consisted o More

In order to evaluating allelopathy of sunflower residue extract on wheat and rapeseed germination and seedling growth an experiment was conducted in 2016 at Shiraz in Completely Randomized Design with four replication. Five concentration of sunflower extract consisted of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 percent was evaluated in two wheat cultivars (Pishtaz and Darab2) and two rapeseed cultivars (Talaye and Elite). Results showed that sunflower extract significantly affected the germination percentage and rate, root length and shoot length in both rapeseed and wheat seed. By increasing concentration all traits reduced but, there was no significant differences between control and 25% concentration. In rapeseed there was no significant differences between 75 and 100% concentration and there was no germination in these both concentrations. Darab 2 and Talaye showed more sensitivity against sunflower concentration in wheat and rapeseed respectively. IN CONSLUSION YHE RESULTS SHOWED THAT there was some inhibitory substances in sunflower residue that could be use in weed management programs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

174 - Effect of water stress and foliar application of iron and zinc on yield and yield components of sunflower for second cropping system
hamed javadi

In order to study the effect of water stress and foliar application of iron and zinc on yield and yield components of sunflower for second cropping system, a field experiment in split plot design with three replications was conducted at the Agriculture Education Center More

In order to study the effect of water stress and foliar application of iron and zinc on yield and yield components of sunflower for second cropping system, a field experiment in split plot design with three replications was conducted at the Agriculture Education Center of Birjand, in 2014 growing season. Water stress at two levels (control and grain filling stages) were assigned as main plots and four micronutrient treatments; Control, Fe, Zn, and Fe +Zn, were randomized in sub-plots. The results showed that plant height, head diameter, leaf number in the flowering and grain filling stages, head dry weight, leaf area index (LAI) in the flowering and grain filling stages, number of grain per head, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biological yield and seed/husk were not affected by water stress, but reduced harvest index. Water stress at the grain filling stage reduced harvest index (18.29 %) compared to the control. Foliar application with micronutrient fertilizer (Fe and Zn) were not significantly different on all traits (With the exception of the number of leaves maturity). Foliar application with (Fe +Zn) increased number of leaves compared to the other treatments. Also, interaction between water stress and foliar application on traits were not significant. According to the results of this experiment, stopping irrigation at the grain filling stage and Foliar application with micronutrient fertilizer (Fe and Zn) were not significantly different for grain yield of sunflower for second cropping system in Birjand. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

175 - The impact of mycorrhizal inoculation on amelioration of the effects of haloxyfop-R methyl ester herbicide on sunflower
zeinab dehghan Jalil Khara

To study the effects of inoculation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus intraradices) in ameliorating the effects of haloxyfop-R methyl ester herbicide (commercial name Gallant super) on biochemical activity and hormonal responses of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. More

To study the effects of inoculation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus intraradices) in ameliorating the effects of haloxyfop-R methyl ester herbicide (commercial name Gallant super) on biochemical activity and hormonal responses of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L., cv. Lakomka) a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 4 levels of herbicide concentration (0, 25, 50 and 75 ppm) in 3 replications. At 4 to 6 leaved stages, different concentrations of herbicide were sprayed on the aerial part of the plants. The effects of herbicide on colonization percentage, dry weight and other parameters of control and mycorrhizal treated plants were quite evident. Increased gibberellin content (60%) in inoculated plants, reduced amount of auxin in shoot of the control plants (48%) were observed by increasing herbicide concentration compared to the control. Furthermore, increased proline (1.5 and 2.7 fold), increased soluble sugars content (36.5% and 23.5%), reduced total proteins (29.2% and 40.1%) and reduced dry weight (61.3% and 76.0% in shoot and root respectively) were significant. More damage occurred by increased herbicide stress conditions and plants responded by raising the level of gibberrelins, proline and soluble sugars to cope the damages induced by haloxyfop-R methyl ester. Such adaptive responses were more pronounced and effective in inoculated plants by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus G.intraradices. So, it seems that inoculation sunflower seedlings by G. intraradices can enhance their tolerance against deleterious effects of that herbicide. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

176 - Effects of plant density on yield and yield components of some sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars in Sistan climate
Z. Alipoor S. Mahmoodi M. Galvi Z. Mahdiani

In order to determine the effect of plant density on yield and yield components of four genotypes of sunflower an experiment was conducted in Research Farm of Zabol University in 2011. The statistical design was split plot in randomized complete block with three replica More

In order to determine the effect of plant density on yield and yield components of four genotypes of sunflower an experiment was conducted in Research Farm of Zabol University in 2011. The statistical design was split plot in randomized complete block with three replications. Four plant densities (7, 9.5, 12 and 14.5 plant/m2) and four genotypes of sunflower (Hysuun33, Alester, CMS-R43 and Chernianca) were considered. The results showed that there was a significant difference between cultivars on seed yield, 1000 grain weight, plant height, number of seed on head and number of leaf. Also effect of different densities was significant on seed yield, head diameter, plant height, number of seed on head and number of leaf. Interaction effect of plant density and cultivar was significant on plant height. Plant height of Alester, Hysuun33 and CMS-R43 cultivars enhanced with increasing number of plant, but plant height of Chernianca cultivar had not significant variation under different plant density. Also, interaction effect of cultivars and plant densities was significant on 1000 grain weight. In general, Hysuun33 with average grain yield of 6500 kg/ha  and Chernianca  with average  grain yield of 5240 kg/ha and suitable  plant height was suggested for Sistan region. Also 14.5 plant/m2 density with average grain yield of 6903 kg/ha was suitable for this condition. با افزایش تراکم بوته افزایش یافت ولی ارتفاع رقم چرنیانکا تحت تاثیر تراکم بوته قرار نگرفت. رقم هایسان 33 با عملکرد دانه 6500 کیلوگرم در هکتار به عنوان رقم پرتولید و رقم چرنیانکا با عملکرد دانه 5240 کیلوگرم در هکتار به دلیل عملکرد قابل قبول و ارتفاع مناسب برای کشت در این منطقه پیشنهاد شد. همچنین تراکم 5/14 بوته در مترمربع با متوسط عملکرد 6903 کیلوگرم در هکتار به عنوان مناسبترین تراکم برای کشت آفتابگردان تعیین شد.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

177 - Study on the Possibility of Eliminating Sulfuring Process in the Production of Dried Apricots
Hamid R. Ziaolhagh

10.22034/jon.2011.515743

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Open Access Article

178 - Effects of Location in the Tree Canopy on Some Quality Characteristics of Fresh Pistachio Fruit
Behzad Saffari HamidReza Akhavan

10.22034/jon.2018.542994

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Open Access Article

179 - مقایسه واکنش زراعی آفتابگردان آجیلی و روغنی در شرایط مختلف کود فسفر و روی
H. Madani

اقدام در پاسخ به روغن و آجیل نوع آفتابگردان (Helianthus annus L. cv. زاریا نوع روغنی و آجیل قلمی) به پایه و سطوح مختلف کود فسفر و روی در شرایط مزرعه این آزمایش در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی اراک انجام شد. سطح فسفر 350، 175، 175 کیلوگرم در هکتار سوپر فسفات More

اقدام در پاسخ به روغن و آجیل نوع آفتابگردان (Helianthus annus L. cv. زاریا نوع روغنی و آجیل قلمی) به پایه و سطوح مختلف کود فسفر و روی در شرایط مزرعه این آزمایش در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی اراک انجام شد. سطح فسفر 350، 175، 175 کیلوگرم در هکتار سوپر فسفات سه گانه به اضافه 100 گرم در هکتار باکتری حل کننده فسفر و PSB خالص، سطوح روی 0، 25 کیلوگرم در هکتار از سولفات روی، 25 کیلوگرم در هکتار استفاده شد. در شکل خاک از سولفات روی علاوه بر روی محلول 10% و روی محلول 10% به عنوان محلول پاشی انفرادی استفاده می شود. نتیجه توضیح می دهد که در آفتابگردان نوع روغن اوج عملکرد دانه 2.52 تن در هکتار در 100 گرم در هکتار باکتری حل کننده فسفر بود. برای آفتابگردان آجیلی 3.68 تن در هکتار با حمایت 175 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود سوپر فسفات به اضافه 25 کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات روی بود. استفاده از ترکیب سوپر فسفات 175 کیلوگرم در هکتار بدون ترکیب روی و همچنین 350 کیلوگرم در هکتار سوپر فسفات سه گانه به اضافه 25 کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات روی، تأثیر یکسانی بر عرض سر سر آفتابگردان روغنی به میزان 15.3 تا 15.4 سانتی متر به عنوان بیشترین قطر سر در نوع آفتابگردان روغنی داشت. . کمترین اندازه سر در نوع آفتابگردان روغنی با استفاده از کود سوپر فسفات سه گانه 350 کیلوگرم در هکتار و محلول پاشی روی محلول 10 درصد به میزان 10.33 سانتی متر بود. اندازه‌گیری‌های ضخامت ساقه تحت تأثیر تیمارهای ما در هر دو نوع آفتابگردان و مقایسه میانگین‌ها برای شاخص سطح برگ نشان می‌دهد که در نوع آفتابگردان روغنی بالاترین شاخص شاخص سطح برگ توسط PSB خالص در شرایط کاربرد غیر روی به‌دست آمد (4.09). در نوع آفتابگردان آجیلی نیز حداکثر شاخص سطح برگ در 350 کیلوگرم در هکتار استفاده از سوپر فسفات سه گانه به همراه محلول پاشی روی محلول در کرت های 10 درصد (09/6)برآورد شد. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

180 - Evaluation of Phosphorus and Zinc Concentration in Oil and Confectionary Sunflower Plant Parts in Modified Fertilization
Hamid Madani

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181 - Study of Aluminum Toxicity on Photosynthetic Pigment, Soluble Sugars and Proline Contents in Two Sunflower Varieties
NAJMEH ZIAEI ZAHRA REZAIATMAND MONIREH RANJBAR

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182 - Conservation Tillage Can Reduce Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions in the Production of Rainfed Sunflower
ZAYNOLABEDIN SHAMABADI

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Open Access Article

183 - Cumulation of dry matter in aboveground parts of sunflower at interference with redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.)
B. Mirshekari

In order to quantify of dry matter accumulation in sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) at interference with redroot pigweed, a two years experiment based on additive design was performed factorially with sunflower cultivars (Azarghol, Hysun and Allstar), redroot pigweed den More

In order to quantify of dry matter accumulation in sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) at interference with redroot pigweed, a two years experiment based on additive design was performed factorially with sunflower cultivars (Azarghol, Hysun and Allstar), redroot pigweed densities (8.3, 25 and 41.7 plants m-2) at relative times of weed emergence (emerged with sunflower; 15 and 30 days after sunflower emergence) in Tabriz. Results showed that with increasing of 33.4 weeds/m2, biological yield of sunflower in three cultivars increased 40, 65 and 73 g/m2, when redroot pigweed emerged with sunflower. Effect of weed density unit on leaf dry matter in low densities was higher than high densities. Leaf to total dry matter ratio was not affected by studied treatments. The Azarghol can tolerate 8.3 weeds/m2 at 30 days after emergence without significant reduction in stem dry matter, while, reduction amount in two other cultivars were significant. In three cultivars, with increasing of weed density and earlier emergence times, anthodium dry matter reduced. Manuscript profile

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184 - Effects of seed priming on by different physical germination, physiological and morphological characteristics in sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
S. Baser kouchebagh F. Farahvash B. Mirshekari F. Rahimzadeh Khoei H. Kazemi Arbat

In order to study the effect of different seed treatments on germination of sunflower, on experiment was conducted in laboratory and greenhouse stages with completely randomized design and three replications in laboratory and four replications in greenhouse, in research More

In order to study the effect of different seed treatments on germination of sunflower, on experiment was conducted in laboratory and greenhouse stages with completely randomized design and three replications in laboratory and four replications in greenhouse, in researcher  Faculty of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz in 2013. Treatments included, ultrasonic treatments with maximum (3 w.m-2) and gamma and beta irradiation treatments (2 µc) for 10 minutes laser treatments (6328A°) and magnetic field (40 MT) in three time (5, 10, 15 minutes) on wet seed, hydro-priming for 24 hourse and control. Results indicate that maximum final germination percentage was by seed treatments with laser irradiation for 10 minutes (nearly by 98.33%). Cultivating after hydro-priming, seedling length ratio to control inceased 99%. Highest vigor index was magnetic field treatment for 5 minutes. Highest root length was magnetic field treatment for 15 minutes. Magnetic field treatment for 15 minutes had the most effect on plant height with 93 mm when sunflower seeds that were treated by magnetic field for 15 minutes were cultivated stem dry weight ratio to control increased nearly 121%. Lowest stem dry weight was by gamma irradiation (12.16 g). Results show that physical irradiation treatments are for recommended for increased product. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

185 - Effect of planting date and cutting leaves on agronomic traits and yield of sunflower cultivars in dry farming
M. Javaheri J. Daneshian

In order to study effectsofplanting date and cutting leaves on agronomic traits and yield of sunflower cultivars a field experiment was carried out in a split factorial experiment arranged in RCBD in 2005. Main plots consist of four planting date with ten days increment More

In order to study effectsofplanting date and cutting leaves on agronomic traits and yield of sunflower cultivars a field experiment was carried out in a split factorial experiment arranged in RCBD in 2005. Main plots consist of four planting date with ten days increment (from 30 march till 30 April 2005) and sub plots consist of three cultivars (Recor, Zarya, Azargol) with four levelofcutting leaves treatment (first level as   control, second level by cutting alternate leaves, third level by cutting on-third of top leaves and fourth levels by cutting of on-third of intermediate leaves). Treatments were donning at flowering stage (R5). Evaluated traits were plant yield per plant, hollow diameter, disk diameter, disk weight, stem diameter, and stem weight, filled grains number per disk, filled grains weight per disk, hollow grain number, 1000 kernel weight, harvest index, productivity effort and grain number per disk. Different treatment ofcutting leaves on harvest index in (p<%1) and plant yield per plant and hollow grain number per disk in (p<%5) were significant. Effect of cultivars on plant yield per plant, disk diameter, disk weight, stem weight, filled grain number per disk, filled grain weight per disk, hollow grain number per disk, 1000 kernel weight, harvest index and productivity effort were significant in (p<%1). Means comparison showed that control treatment had maximum plant yield per plant with11.16 gr/m² and cutting one third of intermediate leaves had minimum plant yield per plant, second planting date had maximum plant per plant and Azargol had maximum plant yield per plant. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

186 - Evaluation of Effects of nitrogen and phosphorous biological fertilizers on qualities characteristics of sunflower
A. Farnia M. moayedi

To investigate the biological effects of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers on crop yield, protein and oil Sunflower Nuts (Use landrace) Cultivated land in the city Sonqor falcon factorial experiment in a completely randomized block design with three replications were More

To investigate the biological effects of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers on crop yield, protein and oil Sunflower Nuts (Use landrace) Cultivated land in the city Sonqor falcon factorial experiment in a completely randomized block design with three replications were evaluated. Treatments, four levels of fertilizer Biological nitrogen include: Nitro Ksyn, Super Nitro Plus, Nitro Kara, and control of biological phosphorus fertilizer levels include: Phosphate2 fertilized, bio zar, Super Plus and control. The results showed that the highest protein content of sunflower Efficient use of nitrogen fertilizer, biological Nitro Kara (%19/95) and phosphor bio zar (%19/76) Obtained. The highest yield of sunflower protein in biological nitrogen fertilizer Nitro Kara (To the 134/74 grams per square meter) and phosphor bio zar (To the 130/13 grams per square meter) And the combined effect biological fertilizers bio zar* Witness (To the 135/53 grams per square meter) Obtained. Most of sunflower oil on biological nitrogen fertilizer Super Nitro Plus (%29/03) and phosphor bio zar (%29/40) The highest percentage of sunflower oil and fertilizer combination Nitro Kara * Phosphate2 (%31/17) ) Obtained. Sunflower oil yield of biological nitrogen fertilizer Nitro Kara (To the 195/93 grams per square meter) and phosphor bio zar (To the 193/18 grams per square meter) And the combined effect biological fertilizers Nitro Kara * Phosphate2 fertilized (To the 213/45 grams per square meter) Obtained. Manuscript profile

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187 - Effects of irrigation regimes, nitrogen rate and plant density on dry matter accumulation in sunflower (var. Iroflor)
E. Gholinezhad N. Sajedi

         Inorder to study the effects of water deficiency stress, nitrogen application rates, and plant density on grain yield, dry matter accumulation, and related traits of oily sunflower (Hybrid Iroflor) in 2007-2009 in experim More

         Inorder to study the effects of water deficiency stress, nitrogen application rates, and plant density on grain yield, dry matter accumulation, and related traits of oily sunflower (Hybrid Iroflor) in 2007-2009 in experimental field Agriculture and Research center of West-Azerbaijan. The study was consisted split-split-plot experiments using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications. The factor main was consisted irrigation treatment including optimum irrigation, moderate stress and sever stress where irrigation was done after depletion of 50%, 70% and 90% of available water, respectively. Three nitrogen levels consisting of 100, 160 and 220 kg N ha-1 were considered as sub plots and sub – sub plots consisted of three plant populations of 5.55, 6.66 and 8.33 plants m-2. The results of combined analyzes showed that severe drought stress reduced the grain yield by 60% compared to the optimum irrigation condition. Increasing nitrogen application caused grain yield increase. The response of grain yield to increase in plant population was positive. In level of optimum irrigation with increasing rate of nitrogen traits all rate increased but in level of irrigation with increasing plant population head diameter decresed. Severe drought stress caused to reducing leaf area index, crop growth rate, disorder in absorbing and transferring of foodstuffs and reduced production of elaborate sap and at least reduced grain yield. In drought stress condition due to decling vegetative organs dry weight grain yield decreased. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

188 - Evaluation of Source and Sink relationship in two sunflower hybrids
M. Yarnia A. Rahmati

Study of sink-source relation has a high value on phloem loading by sucrose and show that which of the source production capacity or sink acceptance capacity has the higher effect on yield. Then a RCBD base on factorial experiment with two sunflower hybrids (Azargol and More

Study of sink-source relation has a high value on phloem loading by sucrose and show that which of the source production capacity or sink acceptance capacity has the higher effect on yield. Then a RCBD base on factorial experiment with two sunflower hybrids (Azargol and Alstar) and four seed elimination (without elimination, one third of anthodium lateral seeds, one third of anthodium middle seeds, and one third of anthodium central seeds) were conducted with three replications during 2004 in Tabriz. Seed elimination was done after full pollination. Results showed that there were significant differences between two hybrids in all characters, except 1000 kernel weight and seed thickness. 1000 kernel weight and seed dimensions increased by seed elimination but kernel/grain ratio decreased. Azargol and Alstar shoved 3.9 % and 6.9 % increasing in 1000 kernel weight respectively. 1000 kernel weight in control was 75.43 grams and in one third of anthodium lateral seeds, one third of anthodium middle seeds and one third of anthodium central seed were 81.37, 78.83 and 78.21 gr, respectively.  Increasing 1000 kernel weight in elimination levels in related to control showed the source limitation of these hybrids and there was higher source limitation in Alstar than Azargol. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

189 - The study planting date effects on yield and components yield of varieties sunflower area in Rudab Bam
S. Haerei Nejhad H. Madani S. Sadeghzadeh

       In order study the best planting date in the yeield and yield components of four varieties of sun flower, in the roodobthat is one of the suburbs belonging to bam in a personal and private farm in the agricultural year 87- 88. The ex More

       In order study the best planting date in the yeield and yield components of four varieties of sun flower, in the roodobthat is one of the suburbs belonging to bam in a personal and private farm in the agricultural year 87- 88. The experiment was performed using split plot arranged complete randomized block design with two dactors of planting date including    (T1 = 87/12/15) (T2 =87/12/28) (T3 =88/1/15) and uriaty (azargole, record, zarya and mehr). That was repeated for three times. The distance of rows was concider as 50  centimeters and the distance of bushes was 25 centimeters for all plot and ouso the density of bush in hektar was considered as the amount of 80000 in a fixed way. The measured traits contained of the yield of seed, the weight of thousand seed. The height of plant, the number of seed in plate, head diameter, the number of leaf in plant, the diameter and thicleness of main stem, the yield and function of seed in a single bush, and the yield of seed in the unit of surface. The result and effect of planting date on all the measured traits except the head diameter got significant so that the yield of seed in the first planting date.With the omount of 4444 kilogram/ hektar got the most yield and function of seed and the third planting date because of confronting with high temprature and as a result the hollownessof seed with the weight of 4132 kilogram/ hektar got the least yield of seed.The effect of variety on all trouts wich are being studied except the weight of thousand seed and the number of lead in plant in the level of possibility I persent got significant.The variety of the hybrid in azargol with the yield of seed in the amount of 4610 kilogram/hektar had the best yield and function. The reciprocal effects between planting date and variety with the exceotion of weight of thousand seed was a significant statistics on all traits in the level of possibility. So that the careness combination of the third planting date and the variety of azargol had the best seed yield.The seed yield and function showed a positive correlation with the height of plant, the number of seed per head, head diameter, the main stem thickness and diameter, yield and function in a single bush, yield and function in m2 and on the other hand it showed a negative correlation with the weight of thousand seed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

190 - Comparison the effect of biologic fertilizer with chemical on oil sunflower (helianthus annus) in Arak condition
M. Moradi H. Madani M. A. Malboubi R. Pilehvari Khomami

This is noticeable that insoluble phosphorus in the soil and some of bacterium has not capability of release insoluble phosphorus. This study was performed in order to study the effect of the release bacteria sunflower (helianthus annus). This experiment performed in RC More

This is noticeable that insoluble phosphorus in the soil and some of bacterium has not capability of release insoluble phosphorus. This study was performed in order to study the effect of the release bacteria sunflower (helianthus annus). This experiment performed in RCBD based on a factorial design with 4 replications. This research was performed in the research farm of Arak Islamic Azad University during 2008.  Factors were considered as two level Bacteria (B1: use Biologic phosphorus), (B2: no use Biologic phosphorus) and four level (P1; 150 kg/ha Ammonium phosphate), (P2; 300 kg/ha Ammonium phosphate), (P3; 150 kg/ha Triple phosphate super) and (P4: 300 kg/ha triple phosphate super). The results showed that using mixture of biologic phosphorus and Ammonium phosphate caused to improve planted sunflower. Characteristic such as weight of 1000 seeds, the number of seeds per head, yield of seed per hectare, head diameter, harvest index and biomass yield noticeable increase. Interaction of phosphorus and bacteria except in the empty percent and oil percent in the other characteristic was signification on the whole. Totally, results showed that by using released bacteria we can reduce phosphorus fertilizer by 50% without any significant reduction of yield. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

191 - Study of the amount and type of nitrogen source on sunflower yield and yield components in Markazi province
Hamid Madani GHolam hosien Khadraee Amir hosein Shirani Rad hosein Mirahmadi Eraghi

     In order to  investigate  the  quantity  and  source  of  nitrogen  and  nitrogen  coated  urea  on  yield  and  growing  index  in  sunflower  hybrid More

     In order to  investigate  the  quantity  and  source  of  nitrogen  and  nitrogen  coated  urea  on  yield  and  growing  index  in  sunflower  hybrids  ,  an  experiment  was  conducted  in  research farm of Agricultural Jahad Organization in Arak during 2006. The main goal of  this  research was determining  the  suitable  quantity  and  kind  of  nitrogen  application  to  reach the maximum grain yield and oil yield of two sunflower cultivars in climatic  conditions of Arak as provincial center of Markazi  province. The  experiments was done  with different  treatments of  nitrogen and  nitrogen  coated  urea  each  in 3 levels (25, 50,  100 kg/ha) of  recorded cultivar  and  Liza–R–M  hybrid  based on  factorial  experiment  in  RCB with four replications. Some of compared characteristics were considered as, plant  height, hay yield weight, head diameter, disk seed weight, 1000 seed weight, seed yield,  harvest index, oil percentage, oil yield and rate of crop growing.  The  result  of  experiment  showed  that  application  of  different  nitrogen  levels  had  significant  difference  on  the  rate  of  growing but the oil  percentage  had  no  differences. The  highest  grain  yield  was  related  to record cultivar  with average 3.36 ton/ha and the treatment of 100 kg/ha  nitrogen  coated urea with  average  3.96  ton/ha. The  comparison  of  different  treatments  showed  the highest increase in the crop growth rate in treatment of 100 kg/ha  nitrogen coated urea  much  more  than  the  others. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

192 - Use of organic manure and nitrogen fertilizers on sunflower (Helianthus annus) in attendance of Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca)
Farzad Vojoohi Manuchehr Jamnezhad Payam Moaveni

     This experiment was done to evaluate the effects of organic manure and nitrogenous fertilizers on some yield components of sunflower (Helianthus annus) as host plant and growing factors of broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca). The experiment was arr More

     This experiment was done to evaluate the effects of organic manure and nitrogenous fertilizers on some yield components of sunflower (Helianthus annus) as host plant and growing factors of broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca). The experiment was arranged as factorial experiments in randomized complete blocks design with three replications in Shahriar, Iran.  First factor was conducted in three levels consisting of: control, cow manure (10% of each pot) and jift (10% of each pot). Second factor carried out in six levels consisting of: control, ammonium sulphate, ammonium phosphate, potassium nitrate, urea, ammonium nitrate .For all kinds of nitrogenous fertilizers (except control) level of pure nitrogen was 3ppm. The results showed that organic soil amendment had a significant effect on yield components of sunflower and the stem number and dry weight of broomrape. Cow manure decreased the dry weight of broomrape and increased dry weight of stem and capitol and seed of sunflower. Jift had decreased stem number and dry weight of broomrape and decreased the dry weight of stem and capitol and seeds of sunflower. Urea decreased the height and fresh weight of broomrape in comparison with other kinds of fertilizers.    Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

193 - Investigating the effect of bush condensation in different moisture regimes on the qualitative and quantitative characters of sunflower in circumstances of sistan
R. Baradaran H. R. Fanaei M. Sargezi

In order to investigate the effect of aridity tension ,an experiment was conducted under the Sistan circumstances in the form of once _shatterd acacia based on whole random blocks ,with four replications in the agricultural and natural resources research station of sist More

In order to investigate the effect of aridity tension ,an experiment was conducted under the Sistan circumstances in the form of once _shatterd acacia based on whole random blocks ,with four replications in the agricultural and natural resources research station of sistan in the crop year 88-89.the main cause  of aridity  tension included 4 levels:S1-irrigation in5-7 leaves ,asterring ,emergence of full head,50% flowering and seed filling ,S2-  irrigation cut in 5-7 leaves  ,S3-irrigation cut in5-7 leaves ,asterring ,emergence of full head, ,S4-irrigation cut in 5-7 leaves , irrigation cut in 50% flowering and seed filling.The peripheral factor was in 3 levels(8,10,12 bushes per square meter). The results of characters variance analysis showed that the effect of ariadity tension in developmental stages of the plant on  morphological characters such as :height of stem, diameter of stem diameter of the head , :the number of seeds in the head, seed yield and oil yield, was one percent different in terms of statistical significance. The effect of loush  condensation on other measured characters except for the bush height showed a  statistically significant difference .the interactive  effects of  aridity tension and bush condensation  on other measured characters  except for the bush height and the oil percentage  did not show any statistically significant  difference .The highest  seed yield in this experience  was gaincd in treatment S1 with the average of 2314 kilograms a hectare and the lowest seed yield  was gained in treatment S3whih the average of 810 kilograms a hectare .With the increase in bush condensation ,the seed yield  showed a significant  in crease in proportion  to low bush condensation, despite the decrease in yield components .that was in a way which the highest value was gained in 12-bush condensation per a square meter with the average of2141 kilograms a hectare .The simple correlation results showed that the seed yield with the number of seeds in the head ,had the highest correlation coefficient .from all these results  it could be concluded  that irrigation before and after flowering with 12-bush condensation  per a square meter, in recommended for Sistan circumstances. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

194 - Investigating of boron and zinc compound application on corn seed set in Mazandaran environment, Iran
M. Ghadamgahi H. Madani Sh. Khaghani

The experiments to evaluate the possibility of enriching sunflower seeds nuts on the farm by bacteria release phosphorus sulfat, In a randomized complete block design with three replications in a split plot, Arak Islamic Azad University Research Farm in 1390 was carried More

The experiments to evaluate the possibility of enriching sunflower seeds nuts on the farm by bacteria release phosphorus sulfat, In a randomized complete block design with three replications in a split plot, Arak Islamic Azad University Research Farm in 1390 was carried out. Factors include four levels of P (P1, P2, P3 and P4, respectively, 350 kg ammonium phosphate ha175 kg ammonium phosphate, ammonium phosphate and 175 kg P -2 reproductive biology, biological phosphorus fertilization -2) and four levels of zinc(Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4, respectively, of zinc sulfate, zinc sulfate 25 kg ha sprayed on with a concentration of 10%, 25 kg ha sprayed zinc and zinc) were considered. Foliar application of zinc and phosphorus-releasing bacteria in the field, In the pre-flowering and 10 days after return again. The grain yield per hectare, biological yield, head diameter, harvest index, The grain yield per hectare, biological yield, head diameter, harvest index, The results showed that the highest yield of 50% ammonium phosphate ha treated with biological phosphorus fertilization -2 And application of zinc dust consumption of 78/5632kg ha treatments applied at 50% -2 Biological phosphorus fertilized with ammonium phosphate with zinc sulfate soil and foliar application of zinc Rate of 52/5493kg per hectare, respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

195 - Effect of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) competition on some physiological traits and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)
B. Mirshekari

In order to evaluation of the effect of redroot pigweed density and interference time on some physiological traits of sunflower two factorial experiments were performed with sunflower cultivars (Azarghol, Hysun and Allstar), redroot pigweed densities (8.3, 25 and 41.7 p More

In order to evaluation of the effect of redroot pigweed density and interference time on some physiological traits of sunflower two factorial experiments were performed with sunflower cultivars (Azarghol, Hysun and Allstar), redroot pigweed densities (8.3, 25 and 41.7 plants/m2) and relative times of weed emergence (emerged with sunflower, 15 and 30 days after sunflower emergence) during 2005-2006. Results revealed that in three sunflower cultivars, at high densities and early interference times of redroot pigweed leaf area index decreased, significantly. In Azarghol, reduction amount of leaf area per plant in emerging of 41.7 weeds/m2 was 12%, compared with control. In Allstar, weed density was more effective than interference time, while, in Azarghol and Hysun interference time was more effective than weed density with a view to effect on leaf area duration. Azarghol could tolerate 41.7 and 8.3 weeds/m2 from 30 and 15 days after sunflower emergence later, respectively, without reduction on yield. While intensity of inter-specific competition between redroot pigweed and sunflower in Allstar was higher than Azarghol and Hysun. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

196 - Effect of plants growth promoting rhizobacteria and nitrogen fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative characters of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)
R. Mohamadvarzi D. Habibi S. Vazan A. Pazoki T. Nooralvandi

     In order to study the effect of plants growth promoting rhizobacteria and nitrogen chemical fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative characters of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) an experiment was conducted in Islamic Azad University-Karaj Bra More

     In order to study the effect of plants growth promoting rhizobacteria and nitrogen chemical fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative characters of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) an experiment was conducted in Islamic Azad University-Karaj Branch in2009. Experiment performed factorial based on CRBD with three replications. Experiment in clouding of four levels of nitrogen fertilizers (0, 54, 108 and 161 Kg.N/ha) and four level of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria including control, Nitroxin (Azotobacter, Azospirillum), Biophosphorus (Bacillus, Pseudomonas) and also combined fertilizers (Nitroxin+Biophosphorus). Results showed that application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria increased seed yield, biologic yield, and plant height in compare with control.  Combined biological fertilizers increased higher under studied traits. Maximum seed yield (26.68% increased) obtained in combined biological fertilizer (Nitroxin+Biophosphorus) treatment with 2516 kg/ha in compare with control (1850 kg/ha). Nitrogen chemical fertilizers treatments showed significant effect on protein percent. Interaction of treatments showed significant effect on oil percent. Results showed application of PGPR agriculture has important role in improvement of growth and yield of sunflower.      Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

197 - Effect of drought stress and potassium sulfate on yield and yield components of sunflower
M. Yarnia P. Safaie M. B. Khorshidi-benam E. Farajzadeh

    In ordsr to study yield and some physiologic characteristics of sunflower (cv. Euroflor) in reaction to water and potassium applying, a RCBD base split plot experiment was conducted in 2009 at Islamic Azad University- Tabriz branch research farm. Wate More

    In ordsr to study yield and some physiologic characteristics of sunflower (cv. Euroflor) in reaction to water and potassium applying, a RCBD base split plot experiment was conducted in 2009 at Islamic Azad University- Tabriz branch research farm. Water deficite stress at four levels (50, 90, 130 and 170 mm evaporate from class A pan) arranged in main plots and five K2SO4 levels (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg/ha) in sub plots. The results of variance analyzing of date showed that interaction of stress and K was highly significant on height of stem, leaf dry weight, number of grain in anthodium¸ weight of grain in anthodium, biomass, yield¸ harvest index and 100 kernel weight, effective filling period was significant. Result showed that the interaction effects of treatments had significant different in these traits. Rate of a traits under study increased when 200 kg/ha of potassium sulphate was used and field irrigated after 50 mm evaporation from pan. Application of potassium decrease drought stress damage. Irrigating after 50 to 90¸ 130 and 170 mm evaporation from pan decreased yield by 10.36¸ 24.43 and 59.46 percent. But yield reduction by application 200 kg/ha potassium sulfate fertilizer was only 32.48 percent. This indicates that by applying potassium fertilize yield reduction will be decreased under drought stress. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

198 - Effect of drought stress, zeolitand and selenium on yield and yield Components on sunflower
P. Yousefvand N. Sajedi M. Mirzakhani

In order to study the effect of drought stress, zeolitand and selenium on yield and yield components of sunflower a field experiment was carried out in factorial split plot using RCBD with four replications. Experiment was done at research farm of Arak Islamic Azad Univ More

In order to study the effect of drought stress, zeolitand and selenium on yield and yield components of sunflower a field experiment was carried out in factorial split plot using RCBD with four replications. Experiment was done at research farm of Arak Islamic Azad University in Iran during 2009-2010. The experimental factors included three levels of irrigations (irrigation equal to 100% crop water requirement as control, irrigation equal 75% and 50% of crop water requirement) and zeolit in three levels (0, 4 and 8 t/ha) and sodium selenit in two levels (0 and 18 g/ha). The result showed that, irrigation significantly effected on observed in irrigation equal to 100% crop water requirement + 8 ton/ha Zeolit + 18 g/ha sodium selenit, that with treatment of 75% crop water requirement + 8 ton/ha +18 g/ha sodium selenit with yield equal to 3000.2 kg/ha on significant. Application of 8 ton/ha Zeolit +18g/ha sodium selenit in irrigation of 75% crop water requirement, increased grian yield equal 34.16% as comprer with without zeolit and sodium selenit, also application of this treatment in condition of 50% crop water requirement increased grain yield equal 24.61% as compared with without zeolit and  sodium selenit. It is concluded that with irrigation equal to 75% water requirement + 8 ton/ha Zeolit +18 g/ha sodium selenit obtain optimum yield.    Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

199 - Effects of different plant density on yield and yield components of sunflower oil in the region of Bam Roudab
E. Mehrabi Gohari R. Taghizade Mehrjardi

      To study the effects of plant density and yield components of sunflower cultivars, an experiment was conducted in the city of Bam Rudab. The experiments using split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications was co More

      To study the effects of plant density and yield components of sunflower cultivars, an experiment was conducted in the city of Bam Rudab. The experiments using split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted where the density at three levels (30 = D3 and 20 = D2 or 10 = D1) as the main factor and Figures V1, V2, V3, V4, were examined as secondary factors. The results show that the compression performance of different varieties and plant height, seed weight, number of seeds per head, head diameter, yield per plant, yield per unit area, number of leaves per plant and leg diameter there is a significant difference so that the maximum performance of the D1 density of 709/3 and the variety V1 (Azargol) of 843/3 per acre and the lowest density of D3 443/3 and the number V4 (Mehr) of 162 / 3 tons per hectare allocated and the total density and cultivar effects on yield and some yield components were summed so that there is a significant difference between the characteristics and performance of the combined treatment, D2 V1 and D1 V2 are the majority with no statistical differences and the lowest yield of the treatment combination of D3 V4 04/3 tons per hectare is devoted to the treatment combination of a statistical analysis are D3V4. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

200 - Evaluation of bio- chemical fertilizers on agronomical traits and oil percentage in sunflower
Noor ali Sajedi Hmid Madani Mohamad Mirzakhani

      In order to assessment of the effects of dual inoculation of bio-and chemical  fertilizers on agronomical traits and oil percentage in sunflower, a field experimentl was carried out as factorial based on complete randomized block desi More

      In order to assessment of the effects of dual inoculation of bio-and chemical  fertilizers on agronomical traits and oil percentage in sunflower, a field experimentl was carried out as factorial based on complete randomized block design with three replicates in the research station of Islamic Azad University- Arak Branch, Iran in 2011. Experimental factors were Nitroxin in two levels of with and without seed inoculation, Barvar 2 in two levels of with and without seed inoculation N and P fertilizers in four levels of control(without application of fertilizer), 150 kg ha-1 N +75 kg ha-1 P, 100 kg ha-1 N +50 kg ha-1 P, 50 kg ha-1 N +25 kg ha-1 P.  Results showed that application of 100 kg ha-1 N +50 kg ha-1 P increased grain yield and oil percentage by 11 and 2.8% as compared with control respectively. Seed inoculation with biofertilizers increased grain yield by 18% as compared with control. Maximum of oil percentage equal 46.38% was obtained from interaction effects 100 kg ha-1 N +50 kg ha-1 P and seed inoculation with Nitroxin. the highest grain yield equal 4599.71 kg ha-1 was obtained from 150 kg ha-1 N +75 kg ha-1 P along with biofertilizers, that with treatment of 100 kg ha-1 N +50 kg ha-1 P and seed inoculation of Nitroxin with grain yield equal 4371.10 kg ha-1 was not significant. In general seems that application of 100 kg ha-1 N +50 kg ha-1 P along with Nitroxin and Barvar 2 can obtain acceptable yield.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

201 - Biomass allocation on redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) shoot at interference with three sunflower cultivars; Azarghol, Hysun and Allstar
B. Mirshekari

      In order to determination of effect of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) cultivars on biomass allocation of redroot pigweed, a two years experiment was performed factorially based on additive design with sunflower cultivars (Azarghol, Hysun More

      In order to determination of effect of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) cultivars on biomass allocation of redroot pigweed, a two years experiment was performed factorially based on additive design with sunflower cultivars (Azarghol, Hysun and Allstar), redroot pigweed densities (8.3, 25 and 41.7 plants m-2) and relative times of weed emergence (emerged with sunflower; 15 and 30 days after sunflower emergence) in Tabriz. For combined analysis of data and means comparison MSTAT-C and Duncan's test were employed. Results revealed that in Allstar treatments, number of weed side branches in densities of 25 and 41.7 plants/m2 increased, significantly, compared with Hysun. In Allstar, redroot pigweed density was more effective than interference time with a view to effect on weed total biomass. Redroot pigweed leaf to total dry matter ratio in full season interference of 41.7 weeds/m2 were 15%, 17.5% and 20.8% in three sunflower cultivars, respectively. With each week earlier emergence of weed, stem biomass of weed increased 6 g/m2, in Allstar. Florescence to total biomass ratio increased, significantly, with delaying in interference time of redroot pigweed, which could be considered in the weed controlling of sunflower. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

202 - Kinetics and Isotherm of Sunset Yellow Dye Adsorption on Cadmium Sulfide Nanoparticle Loaded on Activated Carbon
N. Mosallanejad A. Arami

10.22034/jchr.2012.543986

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

203 - Chemical Composition of Hexane Extract of Different Parts of Anthemis talyschensis and its Potential to Use in Sunscreen Products
Alireza Motavalizadehkakhky Ali Shafaghat Jamshid Mehrzad Masoud Shafaghatlonbar Farzaneh Azimi Zohreh Ebrahimi Abollfazl Sakeri

10.22034/jchr.2016.544147

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

204 - Studying the Argumentation in the Prose Works of Khajoo-e Kermani
Sadiga setodeh niya Karani Enayatollah Sharifpour Saeed Pour Aminaee

10.30495/bahar.2022.697992

Argumentation is one of the literary genres whose birthplace is eastern world and its background is Iran before Islamic era. It has revealed itself in all the periods of Persian literary styles. The more it set step in the next era, the more complete its elements and co More

Argumentation is one of the literary genres whose birthplace is eastern world and its background is Iran before Islamic era. It has revealed itself in all the periods of Persian literary styles. The more it set step in the next era, the more complete its elements and components became perfect. Khajoo-e Kermani has specified his written works to the literary ones. In this article, his argumentations and letters have been studied and analyzed and their structural and thematical characteristics have been explained. Each of his four prose letters is debate between the main two characters which have been personified in the letter contexts. Therefore, argumentation and distinction are of the major  characteristic style in Khajoo’s prose works which appear in his content, theme and speculations. Through familiarity with them one can be familiar with his tenets and ideas in cultural, philosophical and social matters of community at that time. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

205 - Assessment of relationship between grain yield and some related traits in oilseed sunflower genotypes
Ali Saremi-Rad Seyede Maryam Seyed Hassan Pour Khodadad Mostafavi Hosein Sadeghi Give

The purpose of this study is surveying the genetic diversity between oilseed sunflower genotypes and relationships between traits and grain yield, so 12 genotypes cultivated in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Based on the results of analysi More

The purpose of this study is surveying the genetic diversity between oilseed sunflower genotypes and relationships between traits and grain yield, so 12 genotypes cultivated in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Based on the results of analysis of variance, traits were observed among genotypes at a probability level of 1% for the traits of 100 seeds and at 5% probability for the traits of diameter and grain yield of diversity. The results of simple correlation coefficients of traits showed that the diameter of the plant had the highest correlation with plant height and 100 seed weight. The results of simple correlation coefficients of traits showed that the diameter of the plant had the highest correlation with plant height and 100 seed weight. The results of path analysis showed that the highest direct effect on seed yield was observed on seed width and plant height. Using factor analysis by principal component analysis, four factors justify 82.5% of the data variation. The first factor justified 34.2% of the total variance of the data, that named seed yield, the second factor justifying 21.9% of the variation factor that named length factor ,the third factor, justifying 14.5% of the data changes as the factor of 100-grain weight and the fourth factor justified 11.7% of the total data variance, was named dimeter factor. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

206 - Effects of Potassium Nitrate on Germination Characteristics and Early Growth of Sunflower under Salinity and Drought Stresses
Seyed Mohsen Seyedi

In order to study the effect of priming sunflower seeds by potassium nitrate on germination seeds was conducted experiments in salinity and drought conditions. Location of experiments was Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan. Sa More

In order to study the effect of priming sunflower seeds by potassium nitrate on germination seeds was conducted experiments in salinity and drought conditions. Location of experiments was Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan. Salinity experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factor of seed priming and salinity and three replications. Priming levels included control and seed treatment by potassium nitrate and salinity levels included 0, -2, -4, -6, and -8 bar. Also, drought experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factor of seed priming and drought levels in three replications. Drought experiment treatment included control (non-priming) and priming by potassium nitrate and drought stress treatment were five levels (0, -2, -4, -6, and -8 bar). The results of two experiments showed that increasing in salinity and drought stress, decreased germination components including germination, germination rate and dry weight of seedlings. However, this reduction was lower for seeds that were treated by potassium nitrate. In terms of the studied traits, at all of the levels of salinity and drought treatment seeds were better than control seeds. In general, it can be concluded that the priming of sunflower seeds by potassium nitrate improved the germination components under salinity and drought stress and can increase sunflower plant resistant against these stresses in the germination stage. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

207 - Investigation of the Drought stress and Silver nano-particles sprays on morphological and physiological traits on sunflower (Helianthus annuus. L)
Sayed Hamed Tabatabei Zavareh meysam oveysi Mohammad Nasri

This study aimed to investigate the effect of drought stress and foliar application of silver nanoparticles on morphological and physiological characteristics of sunflower (Helianthus annuus. L) and split-plot in a randomized complete block design with three levels of w More

This study aimed to investigate the effect of drought stress and foliar application of silver nanoparticles on morphological and physiological characteristics of sunflower (Helianthus annuus. L) and split-plot in a randomized complete block design with three levels of water stress agent the main factor (I0: 60 mm evaporation from pan class a (normal irrigation), I1: 90 mm evaporation from pan class a and I2: 120 mm evaporation from pan class a) and foliar application of silver nanoparticles four levels as subplots (NS0: sprayed with water, NS1: 50 mg nano-silver, NS2: 90 ppm silver nano, NS3: 130 mg nano-silver) and three replications. respectively. The results showed that the effects of irrigation and silver nanoparticles and their interactions at the level of one and five percent of the studied traits had significant impact. The highest yield (4038.49 kg.ha), oil yield (2134.52 kg.ha) with normal irrigation treatment, 60 mm × 130 milligrams per liter of nano-silver evaporation and biological yield (11248.8 kg.ha) with normal irrigation treatment, 60 mm × 90 mm evaporation of silver nano-grams per liter respectively. The highest chlorophyll a and normal irrigation treatment of 50 mg per liter of nanosilver with (25.05 mg) was given. Stress increases the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). The highest MDA (MDA) with (12.71 nmol g) fresh from severe stress and weight was sprayed with purified water. The lowest yield (3091.6 kg.ha) and biological yield (8787.2kg.ha) and oil yield (1326.99kg.ha) related to severe stress, 120mm × water evaporation was observed. The lowest level of MDA of normal irrigation, 60mm evaporation with (6.19nmolg.fw) and chlorophyll a to severe stress, 120mm evaporation (17.72 mg of fresh leaf weight) less the amount of support. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

208 - The effect of irrigation regimes and pattern of nitrogen topdressing on yield and yield components of sunflower.
Zohreh Haghighi

In order to evaluate the effect of irrigation and pattern of nitrogen topdressing on yield and yield components of sunflower, an experiment was carried out in complete block design with split-plot arrangement in three replications during 2012 growing season. Irrigation More

In order to evaluate the effect of irrigation and pattern of nitrogen topdressing on yield and yield components of sunflower, an experiment was carried out in complete block design with split-plot arrangement in three replications during 2012 growing season. Irrigation regimes were allotted to main plots and nitrogen treatments were allotted to sub-plots. Irrigation regimes were consisted of: 1) moderate irrigation 2) water stress at V8 growth stage and 3) water stress at heading stage. The nitrogen treatments were consisted of: N1: 25% at sowing, 50% at V8, 25% at heading; N2: 50% at V8, 50% at heading; N3:50% sowing, 50% heading; the results showed that water stress at heading significantly decreased the head diameter and100-grains weight and non-significantly decreased the grains per head which was resulted to 15% lower grain yield comparing to the moderate irrigation. Under moderate irrigation, N3 treatment non-significantly increased the head diameter and biomass comparing to the N2 treatment by 9 and 16% respectively. Under water stress at V8, N3 treatment significantly increased the head diameter and biomass comparing to the N1 treatment by 12 and 29%, respectively. This result showed that choosing a suitable pattern of nitrogen top-dressing for attaining the maximum grain yield is more important when the plants are not suffering water stress or stress is occurred at early vegetative stage. But when the stress is occurred at early vegetative stage, then the pattern of nitrogen topdressing is not such important. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

209 - Effect of salinity on phytoremediation of contaminated soils (Cadmium) by Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Ahmad Borbor hossein beigi Mohammadreza Momayezi Majid Aga Mohsseni Fashami

To evaluate the effect of salinity on phytoremediation of contaminated soil by plant sunflower, an experiment in the greenhouse, College of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Varamin in 2013. Factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design expe More

To evaluate the effect of salinity on phytoremediation of contaminated soil by plant sunflower, an experiment in the greenhouse, College of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Varamin in 2013. Factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design experiment consisted of first factor is soil contamination with cadmium at four levels: 0, 30, 60 and 90 mg of cadmium per kg of soil salinity and the second factor of four levels of NaCl: 0, 2, 4 and 6 dS m. The highest cadmium leaves and stems of treatment (90 mg of cadmium per kg of soil and 6 dS m) with an average of 6.33 mg per kg of dry matter and the lowest related to treatment (90 mg of cadmium per kg of soil and control) with 13.13 mg per kg and the highest cadmium absorption coefficient in saline (6 dS m + 30 mg of cadmium per kg soil) with 0.199 and with the treatment (control + 90 mg of cadmium per kg of soil 0.095), the highest and lowest percentage of protein and 90 milligrams of cadmium per kilogram of soil control respectively 32 and 23 percent, respectively. The highest percentage of protein in the treatment 6 (dS m) with an average of 38 percent was achieved. The protein content of the control (salinity), respectively. The highest amount of chlorophyll a to control the salinity of 6 dS m with an average of 1.096 and 0.767 mg per gram of fresh weight, respectively. The highest and lowest proline content in 90 mg of cadmium per kg of soil and control with an average of 621 and 523 micromoles per fresh weight, respectively .Hieghest and lowest relative water content in irrigation and 90 mg of cadmium per kg soil respectively by 76 and 60 percent, respectively. Most RWC control (salinity) with an average of 74 percent was achieved. Lowest levels in treatments 6 (dS m). The result showed that salinity and cadmium on relative water content, proline content, the content of cadmium in leaves and stems, the absorption coefficient of Cd, protein, chlorophyll a significant effect, but the effect EC on oil percent was not significant. Interaction between cadmium and salinity on cadmium content in leaves and stems, cadmium absorption coefficient, chlorophyll A was significant. Salinity increased plant availability and cadmium so that the cadmium content in wheat increased significantly with increasing salinity.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

210 - A200 super absorbent polymer effect on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of oil sunflower under water deficit conditions in field
Mehri Hashemi Hamid Reza Tohidi Moghadam Farshad Qushchy

To evaluate the effect of superabsorbent and without application of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sunflower oil and water deficit stress conditions, the pilot in 1391, Azad University of Varamin Agricultural Research Station (Pishva) was carried out. T More

To evaluate the effect of superabsorbent and without application of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sunflower oil and water deficit stress conditions, the pilot in 1391, Azad University of Varamin Agricultural Research Station (Pishva) was carried out. This study was a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Where irrigation as main factors (lack of tension, the tension in the fourth and fifth pair of leaves, water stress at flowering, drought in the fourth and fifth pairs of leaves and flowering) and the concentration of the polymer, super absorbent (zero, 15 and 30 kg per ha) as sub plots were purpose. Traits such as seed yield, oil content, protein content, chlorophyll and relative water content were studied. The results showed that water deficit, particularly at the flowering stage reduced the grain yield, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf relative water content, oil content and the increased use of super absorbent of all the characters. Stress protein was also increased. The results obtained in this experiment can be concluded that the most critical stage in the flowering stage and two-stage stress (vegetative and reproductive) is very sensitive to drought stress and  Application of 30 kg ha super absorbent to lessen the impact of drought was identified as the best treatments Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

211 - The effect of irrigation regimes and pattern of nitrogen topdressing on yield and yield components of sunflower
Zohreh Haghighi

In order to evaluate the effect of irrigation and pattern of nitrogen topdressing on yield and yield components of sunflower, an experiment was carried out in complete block design with split-plot arrangement in three replications during 2012 growing season.  Irrig More

In order to evaluate the effect of irrigation and pattern of nitrogen topdressing on yield and yield components of sunflower, an experiment was carried out in complete block design with split-plot arrangement in three replications during 2012 growing season.  Irrigation regimes were allotted to main plots and nitrogen treatments were allotted to sub-plots. Irrigation regimes were consisted of: 1) moderate irrigation 2) water stress at V8 growth stage and 3) water stress at heading stage. The nitrogen treatments were consisted of: N1: 25% at sowing, 50% at V8, 25% at heading; N2: 50% at V8, 50% at heading; N3:50% sowing, 50% heading; the results showed that water stress at heading significantly decreased the head diameter and100-grains weight and non-significantly decreased the grains per head which was resulted to 15% lower grain yield comparing to the moderate irrigation. Under moderate irrigation, N3 treatment non-significantly increased the head diameter and biomass comparing to the N2 treatment by 9 and 16% respectively. Under water stress at V8, N3 treatment significantly increased the head diameter and biomass comparing to the N1 treatment by 12 and 29%, respectively. This result showed that choosing a suitable pattern of nitrogen top-dressing for attaining the maximum grain yield is more important when the plants are not suffering water stress or stress is occurred at early vegetative stage. But when the stress is occurred at early vegetative stage, then the pattern of nitrogen topdressing is not such important.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

212 - Effects of foliar application of methanol on agronomic and morphophysiological traits of sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) under drought stress
Neda Haghinezhad meysam oveysi Mohammad Nasri

To study the effects of spray Methanol on farming and morphological characteristics under water deficit stress on oil sun flower was conducted on RCBD with three replications at research station of Islamic Azad University Varamin branch, in 2012. Experimental factors we More

To study the effects of spray Methanol on farming and morphological characteristics under water deficit stress on oil sun flower was conducted on RCBD with three replications at research station of Islamic Azad University Varamin branch, in 2012. Experimental factors were water deficit stress as main plots (normal irrigation, drought stress in flowering phase and drought stress in filling of grain phase) and methanol ( lack of methanol, 10% methanol, 20% methanol and 30% methanol) as sub plots. Times of spray methanol were when plant had 8 leafs, 15 days after and 15 days after. Results showed that drought stress decreased1000 kernel weight, Head diameter, grain yield, biological yield but it increased EC. Also spray methanol increased grain yield, biological yield, 1000 kernel weight, Head diameter but it decreased EC. Analysis of variance showed that interaction drought stress and spray methanol significantly affected on investigated traits.Maximum grain yield was obtained from normal irrigation and spray methanol that was 3205/667 and minimum grain yield was obtained from drought stress in filling of grain phase and lack of methanol that was 1648/371.In general, sun flower is sensitive in filling of grain phase and methanol decrease drought stress effects.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

213 - Effect of foliar application of ascorbic acid (vitamin c) and irrigation withholding in different growth stages on quantitative and qualitative characteristics and some biochemical's changes in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Malahat Davoodi Mackinejad Hamid Reza Tohidi Moghadam Nabi-Alah Nemati

In order to study the effects of water deficit stress and foliar application of ascorbic acid, an experiment was conducted in research field of Islamic Azad University, Varamin Branch in Iran during 2012 growing season. The experimental design was laid out in a randomiz More

In order to study the effects of water deficit stress and foliar application of ascorbic acid, an experiment was conducted in research field of Islamic Azad University, Varamin Branch in Iran during 2012 growing season. The experimental design was laid out in a randomized complete block design with a split plots arrangement in three replications. Main plots included four different levels of irrigation (complete irrigation, irrigation withholding at 8-leaf stage, irrigation withholding at grain filling stage and irrigation withholding at both 8-leaf and grain filling stages) and three different concentration of Ascorbic Acid foliar application (0, 100 and 200 ppm) was allocated to subplots. The results showed that irrigation withholding conditions in different growth stages significantly decreased seed yield, biological yield, harvest index, oil and protein percentage, oil and protein yield and total chlorophyll content but by contrast increased proline content and superoxide dismutase activity in leaves. Foliar application of ascorbic acid as antioxidant enzyme could increased quantitative and qualitative yield and chlorophyll content and decreased proline and superoxide dismutase activity in leaves by reduction of water deficit stress. Foliar application of Ascorbic Acid with 200 ppm under irrigation withholding at both 8-leaf and grain filling stages increased 38/46% yield seed compared with treatment that foliar application without Ascorbic Acid. In addition, Ascorbic Acid foliar application reduced the harmful effects of water deficit stress as antioxidant and improved growth conditions for water deficit stress.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

214 - Effect of drought stress, nitrogen resources and plant density on some agro-physiological traits of Sunflower (Haysan variety) in the north of Golestan province
serajodin moezi mohamadreza dadasi hosein ajamnorozi

 The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of drought stress, nitrogenresources and plant density on some agro-physiological traits of Sunflower (Haysanvariety) in the north of Golestan province. This experiment was done as split plot factorialbas More

 The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of drought stress, nitrogenresources and plant density on some agro-physiological traits of Sunflower (Haysanvariety) in the north of Golestan province. This experiment was done as split plot factorialbased on completely randomized design with 3 replication for two consecutive years and27 treatments in 2017 and 2017. Irrigation factor in 3 levels: S1: rainfed, S2: one plantingirrigation stage, S3: three irrigation (planting, flowering and seed filling) as main factorand nitrogen fertilizer resources in 3 levels: N1: 100% urea, N2: 50% urea and 50%nitroxin, N3: 100% nitroxin and plant density in 3 levels: D1: 50000 plants per hectare,D2: 75000 plants per hectare, D3: 100000 plants per hectare were considered as subfactor. The results showed that the highest mean of CGR was obtained in the S3N2 andN3D3 treatments with an average of 26.041 and 22.0300 g/m2, respectively. The highestplant height with values of 155.75 cm and 1252.89 cm was related to S3N2 and S3D3treatments, respectively. The highest number of seeds per inflorescence belonged to S3N2(285.68) the maximum 1000 seed weight with 29.27 g and 26.69 g were gained in S3D3and N1D1 treatments. According to findings, the highest economic yield (192.88 kg/ha )was conducted in irrigation at 3 stages, 50% urea fertilizer consumption + 50% nitroxinand 100,000 plant density per hectare.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

215 - Effect of agronomic traits and drought resistance indices on determination of susceptible and tolerant sunflower lines
babak maghsodi damavandi shahram lak mahdi ghafari mojtaba alavi fazel tayeb saki nezhad

 In order to determine the susceptible and tolerant lines of sunflower to drought stress, acompletely randomized block design with three replications was conducted at Karaj seed OilResearch Institute. In this study, 12 different sunflower lines have been identified More

 In order to determine the susceptible and tolerant lines of sunflower to drought stress, acompletely randomized block design with three replications was conducted at Karaj seed OilResearch Institute. In this study, 12 different sunflower lines have been identified for thecharacteristics related to drought tolerance and were selected two susceptible and tolerantlines. Initially, sunflower lines were cultivated in two separate experiments under normalirrigation and drought stress conditions. Drought stress was carried out through stop irrigationin step 2 to 8 leaves formation. The studied traits included agronomic characteristics anddrought stress indices of sunflower, such as Plant height, Stem diameter, Head diameter, Seedyield, Leaf Area Index, Relative Water Content, SSI and STI. The studied traits weresignificantly different in water stress, except stem diameter. After analyzing the tested factorsand analyzing the data, the results were obtained by analyzing the percentage of variation ofstudied traits, calculating stress indices (drought tolerance indices, drought sensitivity) anddendrogram drawing from Cluster analysis of cultivars was identified. According to theresults, in terms of water deficit stress, RGK26 and RGK41 produced the highest and thelowest seed yield per plant. Comparison of traits can identify BGK221 as susceptible line andRGK46 as tolerant line among 12 studied lines. Also, correlation between traits showed thatdrought tolerance index (STI) was positively correlated with almost all traits. In addition,grain yield was positively correlated with all traits except plant height.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

216 - Multivariate analysis of yield and its components in sunflower genotypes (Helianthus annuus L.) under favorable irrigation and moisture stress conditions
Ali Saremi-Rad Khodadad Mostafsvi

Considering the important role of sunflower in human life, in order to investigate the relationship between grain yield and other traits, 12 genotypes were cultivated in two conditions under favorable irrigation conditions and moisture stress in a randomized complete bl More

Considering the important role of sunflower in human life, in order to investigate the relationship between grain yield and other traits, 12 genotypes were cultivated in two conditions under favorable irrigation conditions and moisture stress in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2015. Plant height and 100 seed weight in optimum irrigation condition and stem diameter, grain diameter, plant height, leaf length and leaf width were significantly and positively correlation with grain yield at 1 and 5% levels. The results of stepwise regression analysis in non-stress conditions showed that only two grain width and grain length traits were enteredinto the regression model and explained 80% of grain yield changes. However, under stress conditions, two traits of plant height and grain diameter were enteredinto the regression model and 91% of the changes explained. In factor analysis, four independent factors under normal conditions and three independent factors under stress conditions were 69.62% and 74.16% of total data changes. Considering the results obtained in terms of moisture stress, plant height and grain diameter, and under non stress conditions, traits related to seed characteristics (grain width, grain length and 100 seed weight) were the best traits for evaluating sunflower genotypes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

217 - Application of different nitrogen (organic, chemical and integrated) nutritional systems and biofertilizer on yield components and yield of sunflower seed
Mansour Jalilvand Jahanfar Daneshian Hadi Asadi Rahmani Mohsen Yousefi

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of application of different nitrogen and biofertilizer systems on yield and yield components of sunflower seed in a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Nitrogen levels as the mai More

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of application of different nitrogen and biofertilizer systems on yield and yield components of sunflower seed in a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Nitrogen levels as the main factor in five levels including: N1: 100% nitrogen treatment (326 kg / ha urea), N2: 80% nitrogen (260 kg / ha urea), N3: 60% nitrogen (195 kg) Urea), N4: 80% N and 20% of manure (1.3 ton / ha) and N5: 60% N and 40% of manure (2.6 ton / ha) and application of azospirillum Sub-factor titles were considered at four levels: B1: non-application of azospirillum B2: inoculation with azospirillum, B3: foliar solution of azospirillum, B4: inoculation with fungal solution of azospirillum. The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer and azospirillum treatments had significant effect on the studied traits. So that treatment with 100% urea nitrogen source had the highest number of grains per head. Inoculation treatment with foliar application of azospirillium had the highest number of seeds per head. The results also showed that treatment with 100% urea nitrogen and 60% urea nitrogen fertilizer and 40% manure had the highest grain yield. Foliar treatments as well as seed inoculation + azospirillum had the highest grain yield, which were in the same statistical group. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

218 - Evaluation of sink and source relationships on grain yield and its components of sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L. )
زينب محمدزاده اصل عليرضا عيوضي

To investigate the effects of different levels of leaf and grain removing on grain yield and its components in sunflower, an experiment was carried out in Saatloo agricultural research station of Urmia. A factorial experiment was done based on randomized complete blocks More

To investigate the effects of different levels of leaf and grain removing on grain yield and its components in sunflower, an experiment was carried out in Saatloo agricultural research station of Urmia. A factorial experiment was done based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications in 2012 growing season. The first factor consisted of four levels of defoliation including; removing 1/3 upper, removing 1/3 middle, removing 1/3 lower leaves of stem and no defoliation of control. The second factor involved grain removing with four levels; removing 1/3 of side, 1/3 of middle and 1/3 of central grains of disc flower and non grain removing as control. Results showed that non-leaf removing and removing 1/3 side grains of disc flower had the highest effect on 1000 kernel weight with 223.25g and total dry matter 2656.0g/plant. The highest amount of grain yield was 177.50g/plant in removing of 1/3 below leaves and non removing grains. In non leaf removing treatment, leaf area had significantly positive correlation with total dry matter ( r=0.99**). Also, protein grain percentage had positively significant with grain yield in non grain removing of disc flower ( r=0.96*).Regression analysis showed that traits of leaf area and disc flower diameter in leaf removing treatment and only disc flower diameter in grain removing treatment had the greatest effects on grain yield. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

219 - Effect of plant density and potassium consumption on the quantitative and qualitative yield in Sunflower ( Helianthus annus L. ) var. Hayson
هدي جمالي

In order to study the effect of plant density on quantitative and qualitative yield of sunflower var. Hayson, a field experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with four replications in Agricultural and Natural Resources Research in Mazandaran provi More

In order to study the effect of plant density on quantitative and qualitative yield of sunflower var. Hayson, a field experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with four replications in Agricultural and Natural Resources Research in Mazandaran province ( Sari – Dashte Naz ) in crop year of 2009. In this experiment, four density levels 55, 63, 83, 111 thousand plants per hectare ) were considered as the main factor and three levels of potassium as ( 0, 50, 100kg per hectare ) as the sub factor. Analysis of variance showed that the density had significant effect on seed protein and the percentage of oil, but the number of rows of seeds, the number of filled seeds and seed yield were not significantly affected by the density. The results showed that the density of 83 thousand plants per hectare with 100kg potassium fertilizer had the greatest impact on increasing of the number of rows of sees, number of filled grain and seed yield. Density and potassium levels did not have significant effect on seed protein but the greatest oil percentage belonged to 83 thousand plants per hectare. On the basis of results, it is defined that increasing density on the optimum level, caused to increase yield components, oil percentage and seed yield. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

220 - Jam and Sun or cup of Jam in poetry of Khwaju and Hafez
jamileh azamian Amir Hossein Mahoozi Mahmoud Tavoosi

Abstract In this qualitative-quantitative research first the deep structure of the old motif of Jamshid’s myth that is Jam and sun and the account of the new motif namely cup of Jam is described and analyzed.  Then, the extent and the manner of employing the More

Abstract In this qualitative-quantitative research first the deep structure of the old motif of Jamshid’s myth that is Jam and sun and the account of the new motif namely cup of Jam is described and analyzed.  Then, the extent and the manner of employing these motifs by Khwaju and Hafex is studied.  Apart from using the old motif of Jam and sun in Gowharnameh and Gol o Nowruz Khwaju had selected the new motif of cup of Jam in Rowzat-al-anwar, Kamal-Nameh, and Homay o Homayun depending on his intensions whereas Hafez had far more utilized cup of Jam in his Divan.  Although Khwaju uses both old and new motifs of Jamshid’s myth in his poems, yet in average the recurrence of cup of Jam in his works are more frequent.  The equivalence of Jam and sun in Gol o Nowruz and Gowharnameh indicates the relationship and the unity of the two in his poetry.  If the God of Sun, Mehr in these equations substitutes the word sun, a new equation of Jam and Mehr is produced and this concept probably demonstrates how our ancestors worshiping Mehr had employed the old motifs of Jam’s myth according to the subject matter and the feasibility of this new equation attest to the flexibility and accordance inherent in myths. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

221 - The Yatkar-I- Zariran, the Golden bough of Iranian merits
Maryam Khadem

This article is an attempt to introduce the national epic “ Memoirs of Zarir”, hence the following points are discussed:  the nomenclature of this work, synopsis of the story, its origin, the role of Goossunan in its preservation, the process of its wri More

This article is an attempt to introduce the national epic “ Memoirs of Zarir”, hence the following points are discussed:  the nomenclature of this work, synopsis of the story, its origin, the role of Goossunan in its preservation, the process of its writing, rhythm in pahlavi Poetry, discovery of Emile Benveniste regarding this work, dramatic techniques, the appearance of the work in other references, paying special attention to their similarities and differences, Daghighi and Memoirs of Zarir, and finally the translations made so far of this work is pointed out. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

222 - Rahi, Nightingale in the Rose garden of poetics
Abulfath Dariush Sabour Mahnaz Bayat

This article is an attempt to introduce the national epic “ Memoirs of Zarir”, hence the following points are discussed:  the nomenclature of this work, synopsis of the story, its origin, the role of Goossunan in its preservation, the process of its wri More

This article is an attempt to introduce the national epic “ Memoirs of Zarir”, hence the following points are discussed:  the nomenclature of this work, synopsis of the story, its origin, the role of Goossunan in its preservation, the process of its writing, rhythm in pahlavi Poetry, discovery of Emile Benveniste regarding this work, dramatic techniques, the appearance of the work in other references, paying special attention to their similarities and differences, Daghighi and Memoirs of Zarir, and finally the translations made so far of this work is pointed out. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

223 - The effect of potassium priming and micronutrient foliar application on yield and yield components of sunflower
رويا بنيادي فرزاد جلیلی

To evaluate the priming effect of potassium resources and foliar spray of micronutrient on the yield and yield components of sunflower ( Farrokh cultivar ) a two factorial experiment was carried out at Agricultural and Natural Resources Station of Khoy ( W. Azar More

To evaluate the priming effect of potassium resources and foliar spray of micronutrient on the yield and yield components of sunflower ( Farrokh cultivar ) a two factorial experiment was carried out at Agricultural and Natural Resources Station of Khoy ( W. Azarbaijan-Iran ) in the crop year of 2014. The experiment was conducted on a randomized complete block design with 12 treatment and 3 replications. The priming factor was accompanied with the three levels of potassium chloride, potassium nitrate, and potassium sulfate; spraying factor accompanied with four levels of non-spraying and spraying with zinc, boron, and a combination spraying of zinc and boron. The variance analysis revealed a significant effect of priming of the seed on the diameter, number of seeds per head, and seed yield, but it had no significant impact on the other traits. The maximum number of seeds per head was 656.7 for zinc spraying and 669.7 for boron spraying. The minimum number was 511.8 for non-spraying. Combined spraying of boron and zinc showed maximum yield of 3899.9 kg per hectare and non-spraying showed the minimum yield of 2928.8 kg per hectare. The bilateral effect of these two factors affected the traits, seed yield, shoot-ash percentage, and harvest index. However, the highest seed yield was observed as 4040 kg/h for priming with potassium chloride and spraying with boron and the least seed yield was observed as 2652 kg /h for priming with potassium sulfate to increase the head diameter was more effective than other sources of potassium. Simultaneous spraying of zinc and boron increased the diameter, number of seeds per head, seed yield, and harvest index, while non-spraying reduced the number of seeds per head, seed yield, and biological yield. The correlation of bush diameter with seeds number, seeds yield and biological yield were significant, and so were the seed number correlation with seed yield, biological yield and its hollowness percentage. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

224 - The impact of planting array and micro-fertilizers on the yield of oil sunflower ( lakumka ) and its components in the second farming
سيما عباس زاده محسن رشدي

To study the impact of planting array and micro-fertilizer on the yield and yield components of oil sunflower, lakumka cultivar in the second farming, an experiment was carried out on the complete random blocks with three replications in Khoy vicinity in 1393. The plant More

To study the impact of planting array and micro-fertilizer on the yield and yield components of oil sunflower, lakumka cultivar in the second farming, an experiment was carried out on the complete random blocks with three replications in Khoy vicinity in 1393. The planting array factor was in three levels of 50×20, 60×16, and 70×14 cm; and the three factors of macro-nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in three recommended levels of 150 and 125 percent. The variance analysis results showed that the effect of planting array on the trait of seed yield and oil yield was meaningful. By the increase of fertilizer consumption by 150 percent, the second yield increased from 1237.7 kg to 1370 kg per hectare, and by the reduction of the space between planting rows from 70 cm to 50 cm, the Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

225 - Examining the verdict of simulation therapy from the point of view of Shia and Hanafi jurisprudents
sayed askari Hosseini Moghadam alireza safari عباس عرب خزائلی Sayed Ali Hashmi Khan Abbasi

Among the evolving human achievements are therapeutic simulation and the technique of obtaining stem cells from the embryo. In this technology, embryos are created in the laboratory to use the stem cells of those embryos to treat diseases. In the meantime, obtaining ste More

Among the evolving human achievements are therapeutic simulation and the technique of obtaining stem cells from the embryo. In this technology, embryos are created in the laboratory to use the stem cells of those embryos to treat diseases. In the meantime, obtaining stem cells from laboratory embryos, which is the basis of therapeutic simulation, is desirable in Islamic jurisprudence for some and rejected by others. Accordingly, in this study, we intend to use the Islamic rules in a comparative comparison to analyze and analyze therapeutic simulation in terms of the jurisprudence of Islamic religions. The research method of this article is descriptive analysis. Research information has also been collected in a library. Findings show that famous Shiite and Sunni jurists agree in this regard and consider the use of this treatment technique as a step towards a deeper understanding of the hidden traditions of the universe and based on the principle of immorality and permission, accept it according to the principles. And they consider the claim of impermissibility to be justified. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

226 - Effect of drought stress on some morphological characteristics of two sunflower (Helianthus annuus) hybrids at different planting densities
Ebrahim Khalilvand Behrouzyar Mehrdad Yarnia Samad Darbandi Houshang Alyari

Effect of drought stress on some morphological characteristics of two sunflower (Helianthus annuus) hybrids at different planting densities was investigated. The experiment was conducted as split factorial based on randomized complete block design whit More

Effect of drought stress on some morphological characteristics of two sunflower (Helianthus annuus) hybrids at different planting densities was investigated. The experiment was conducted as split factorial based on randomized complete block design whit three replicates at research farm of Islamic Azad university of Tabriz in 2006. Treatments was Record and Azarhghol sunflower hybrids, three levels of the drought stress including  75%, 50%, 25% available moisture, and three levels of planting density including 80, 90 and 100 thousand plants ha-1. Between row spacing was 60 cm with in row spacing of 16, 18 and 20 cm, respectively for the three planting densities. The results indicated that exertion of the drought stress lead to a significant decline in plant height and diameter, sunflower head diameter and dry weight, and biomass weight per plant and per hectare (p<0.01). In addition, effect of the drought stress was thoroughly overlapped by density in the above characteristics. However, the 100% available moisture (control) in 80 thousand and 25% available moisture in 90 thousand plants ha-1 had the most and least dry weight of biomass, respectively. Azarghol hybrid had the highest plant and sunflower head diameter, while Record showed the most plant height at different drought stress levels. Height and diameter of plant and the sunflower head, dry weight of head and biomass showed significant and positive correlation with oil and seed yield per plant and hectare. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

227 - The effect of nitrogen fertilizer and bush density on seed yield and yield components of Azargol sunflower cultivar in Takestan region, Iran
Jabbar Babaiy mehrdad abdi saeed seyfzadeh majid khiavi

  In order to evaluat the effect of different levels of N and plant densities on seed yield and  yield components of Azargol sunflower cultivar an experiment was conducted in the factorial based on randomized complete block design with four replications and 12 More

In order to evaluat the effect of different levels of N and plant densities on seed yield and  yield components of Azargol sunflower cultivar an experiment was conducted in the factorial based on randomized complete block design with four replications and 12 treatments in the  research farm of agricultural departmeant of Islamic Azad university Takestan branch during 2005-2006. The factors of the experiment were four N fertilizer levels including 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg/ha orea manure, and three levels of bush densities (5.5, 6.6 and 8.3 plant/m2). Results showed significant effect of different levels of N on most studied traits. Bush height, grain yield, capitulum and stem diameters, thousand seed weight, and number of grain per capitulum were increased at 200 kg/ha nitrogen treatment, but the oil percentage was decreased. Oil yield was also increased in higher levels of bush density and 200 kg/ha fertilizer amount due to increased seed yield. The highest oil percent was obtained at 100 kg/ha N fertilizer level. The effect of bush density was not significant on oil percentage, but on height of plant, grain yield, oil yield, stem and capitulum diameters, thousand seed weight and the number of grains per capitulum. Stem and capitulum diameters, thousand seed weight and the number of grains per capitulum were increased in lower bush densities ,but oil yield, oil percentage and grain yield were decreased. According to the results, it seems that 8.3 bush/m2 and applying 100 kg/ha N amount is suitable for cultivation of Azargol variety in Takestan and similar regions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

228 - The effect of chemical control of Echinochloa crus- galli weed at different growth stages on oil seed sunflower (Helianthus annus cv. Urofloure) yield.
Sakineh Hasanzadeh Aghbolaghi

In order to study the effect of chemical control of Echinochloa crus- galli indifferent growth stages and determine the best herbicide application time and amount on the yield of oil-seed sunflower cv. Urofloure, an experiment was conducted at Agricultural and More

In order to study the effect of chemical control of Echinochloa crus- galli indifferent growth stages and determine the best herbicide application time and amount on the yield of oil-seed sunflower cv. Urofloure, an experiment was conducted at Agricultural and Natural Resources Research stations of Khoy region as split-split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2006. Factors comprised of  herbicide type as main factor (Haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl, Setoxydim and cycloxydim along with a control),  herbicide application time as the sub-factor (4-6, 8-0 and  12-14 leaf stages) and herbicide dosage as the sub-sub factor (1 l.ha-1 and 2 l.ha-1). The measured traits were number of seeds per plant, weigh of thousand seeds, seed yield and oil yield. Results showed that maximum weight of thousand seeds was obtained by application of one litre per hectare Cycloxydim at 4–6 leaf stage. Application of one litre per hectare Haloxy fop-ethoxyethyl at 4–6 leaf stage resulted in maximum seed yield (4961 kg.ha-1). Also, the maximum oil yield was obtained with application of 2 litre Haloxy fop-ethoxyethyl at 8–10 leaf stage and one litre Haloxy fop-ethoxyethyl at 4–6 leaf stage (2315 and 2310  kg.ha,-1 respectively). Based on the results, Haloxy fop-ethoxyethyl application at 4–6 leaf stage caused maximum number of seeds per plant and the highest oil and seed yield. Haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl was also better than other treatments in weed control. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

229 - Effect of drought stress and defoliation on some of agronomical traits, yield and yield components of oil sunflower
Navvab Hajihasani mohsen roshdi mahdi ghafari esmaeil alizadeh amin moradiaghdam

In order to evaluation of effects of drought stress and defoliation stages and strata on yield and its components of Alstar hybrid of sunflower, an experiment was conducted during 2006 - 2007 at agricultural and natural resources research station of Khoy. Irrigation aft More

In order to evaluation of effects of drought stress and defoliation stages and strata on yield and its components of Alstar hybrid of sunflower, an experiment was conducted during 2006 - 2007 at agricultural and natural resources research station of Khoy. Irrigation after 80, 120 and 160 mm evaporation from class A pan, as  main factor, defoliation stage in two levels (R2 and R6 stages) as sub factor and defoliation location in three levels (control, middle up leaves defoliation and middle down leaves defoliation) as a sub sub factor were evaluated in strip split plot design in the basis of randomized complete block design in four replications. The results showed that drought stress decreased plant height, head diameter, harvest index, 1000 seeds weight, full seeds number, seed yield and oil yield (except seed kernel percent), but increased huld seed percent. Seed yield was 5522 kg in irrigation after 80 mm evaporation treatment, but decreased in two other levels of irrigation up to 437 and 1297 kg, respectively. Defoliation stage had significant effect on the studied traits and thousand seeds weight, seed yield and oil yield (except seed kernel percent) were higher in R6 stage. Comparison of the effect of defoliation in R6 and R2 stages on seed yield showed that leaves are important especially in primary reproductive growth stage. Defoliation in different parts of stem caused significant differences in plant height, head diameter, huld seed percent, harvest index, seed kernel percent, 1000 seeds weight, full seed number, seed yield and oil yield and middle up leaves defoliation decreased most characters, significantly. Between interactions, middle down leaves defoliation in R6 stage didn’t have significant difference with control treatment. The results showed high value of sunflower upper leaves protection until beginning of seed filling stage. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

230 - Postharvest qualitative variations of two tomato cultivars (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) during storage period
Sedighe Sadat Khaleghi Naser Alamzadeh Ansari

Tomato fruits have some antioxidants like carotenoids, lycopene, vitamin C, vitamin E and phenolic compounds and play an important role in human health. Since the time between fruit harvest and consumption may last several weeks, biochemical changes during the storage p More

Tomato fruits have some antioxidants like carotenoids, lycopene, vitamin C, vitamin E and phenolic compounds and play an important role in human health. Since the time between fruit harvest and consumption may last several weeks, biochemical changes during the storage period may affect the nutritional value of fruit and these changes may vary in different cultivars. This experiment was carried out to study qualitative characteristics of two tomato cultivars (Chef and Sunseed) from harvest to consumption. Tomato fruit was harvested at the mature green stage and was stored at 16°C and 80% relative humidity for 35 days. The quality factors including firmness, pH, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, TSS/TA, weight loss, chlorophyll and carotenoid content and decay percentage was measured in every seven days during this period. The results showed that firmness, weight loss and chlorophyll content were decreased and TSS, TSS/TA, Vitamin C, carotenoid content and decay percentage increased during postharvest storage in both cultivars. Vitamin C was higher for Chef and weight loss and carotenoid were higher for Sunseed. The results of this study could be applicable for human subject feeding studies that focus on nutritional values of tomato. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

231 - Effect of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) in various densities and emergence times on yield and yield components of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)
Koroush Siami Saeed Reza Yaghoubi Ali Faramarzi Mohammad Javadi

 Influence of redroot pigweed in various densities and emergence times on sunflower yield was studied in Miyaneh region of Iran in 2007. The experiment was carried out as randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement of three pigweed density (1.5, 3 a More

Influence of redroot pigweed in various densities and emergence times on sunflower yield was studied in Miyaneh region of Iran in 2007. The experiment was carried out as randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement of three pigweed density (1.5, 3 and 6 plants m-1 of row) and five time of emergence (emergence with sunflower, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after sunflower emergence) in three replications. The effect of weed density and time of emergence on sunflower yield, yield component and head diameter were analyzed and described by rectangular hyperbola model. Results revealed that seed number per head, seed thousand weight, head diameter and seed yield significantly decreased with increasing weed density and earlier pigweed emergence. Pigweed emerging up to six weeks later than sunflower did not cause any significant reduction in sunflower seed yield, but even at this time, increased pigweed density reduced the yield. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

232 - Evalution of sunflower varieties for yield production under drought stress conditions using statistical tolerance indices
Ebrahim Abbasi Seyahjani farhad Farhvash mohammad Khorshidi Benam aytak sadegi

Effects of drought stress were examined in three sunflower cultivars for the yield production. A split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block desighn with three replications was conducted in the agriculturl Research Station of Islamic Azad University More

Effects of drought stress were examined in three sunflower cultivars for the yield production. A split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block desighn with three replications was conducted in the agriculturl Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch. Five drought tolerance indices including MP (Mean Productivity), GMP (Geometric Mean Productivity), TOL (Stress Tolerance), STI (Stress Tolerance Index ) and SSI (Stress Susceptibility) were estimated for each variety. The results showed that significant differences between three cultivars for the yield. The variety named Armavirsky produced the highest yield (5486 kg/ha) in non-stess condition as compared to other varieties but variety Euroflour produced the highest yield in stress condition (2672 kg/ha) in comparsion with the two others. The highest amount of STI was estimeted for Armavirsky with a value of 0.57. Considering the GMP index, variety Armavirsky was also a high tolerant cultivar (5486 kg/ha). However, according to SSI and TOL indices, Euroflour stand at the top as a tolerant cultivar, whereas variety Armavirsky still showed high value of MP. Correlation analysis between Ys and Yp with other stress indices revealed no relation between Ys and other tolerance indices but Yp correlated with STI, TOL, GMP and MP. It is concluded that variety Euroflour can be recommended in stress and variety Armavirsky in non-stress conditions. Indeed, indices such as GMP, STI and MP are reliable for selecting stable genotypes with high potential productivity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

233 - Relationship between yield and yield components in Euroflour sunflower hybrid under water stress
Ebrahim Abbasi Seyahjani Farhad Farhvash Hamdohllah Kazemi Arbat Mohamad Bagher Khorshidi Benam4

To investigate the effect of water stress on Euroflour hybrid of sunflower, an experiment was conducted in research field of Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University. Experiment was carried out as a randomized complete block design with three replications. Water stress le More

To investigate the effect of water stress on Euroflour hybrid of sunflower, an experiment was conducted in research field of Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University. Experiment was carried out as a randomized complete block design with three replications. Water stress levels were irrigation after 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mm evaporation from class A pan. Based on the results, grain yield decreased 25%, 29%, 42% and 51% at irrigation after 100, 150, 200 and 250 mm evaporation traetments in comparison to the control (irrigation after 50 mm evaporation), respectively. Besides, oil yield percentage reduced up to 30%, 36%, 54% and 62% at irrigation after 100, 150, 200 and 250 mm evaporation treatments compared to the control, respectively.Increasing water stress decreased head diameter, 100 seed weight, seed kernel weight, number of filled seeds per head, biomass, chlorophyll content, leaf area index, relative water content, and  oil percentage. Water deficit, on the other hand, increased seed hollowness and stomatal resistance. So, Euroflour is a susceptible sunflower cultivar to water deficit and any delayed irrigation will decrease yield through decreasing 100 seed weight and number of filled seeds per head which are the most important components of grain yield in sunflower. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

234 - Weed management in sunflower using cover crops
Alireza Yousefi Mohammad Anjil Eli

In order to evaluate alternative strategies for weed management in sunflower using cover crops, an experiment was carried out as a factorial based on a randomized completely block design with three replications. Factors were cover crop type at three levels (hairy vetch, More

In order to evaluate alternative strategies for weed management in sunflower using cover crops, an experiment was carried out as a factorial based on a randomized completely block design with three replications. Factors were cover crop type at three levels (hairy vetch, pearl millet and buckwheat) and cover crop density at four levels (0, 33, 66 and 100% of recommended density for each crop in monoculture). Hand weeding was also considered  as control. Results showed that all three cover crops had significant effect on the weeds and the weed biomass severely decreased due to suppression by cover crops. There was also a negative correlation between cover crop density and weed biomass. Planting buckwheat, hairy vetch and pearl millet resulted in up to 80, 86 and 91% decreases in weed biomass in comparison to no cover crop plots. However sunflower grain yield were reduce with increasing cover crop densities from 33 to 100% of recommended density of each cover crop in monoculture. Buckwheat at the density of 36 plant.m-2 significantly decreased the weed biomass and saved sunflower grain yield. In conclusion, planting buckwheat at the density of 36 plant.m-2 as a cover crop was recommended as a part of integrated weed management in sunflower farming because it was cost-effective and environment friendly than chemical weed control. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

235 - Yield and harvest index of sunflower (Helianthus annus) grown by a monocultur system in competition with redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus)
Bahram Mirshekari

Study the effects of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) interference on yield and harvest index of sunflower (Helianthus annus), a factorial experiment based on a randomized complet block design was carried out in the Islamic Azad University of Tabriz Branch More

Study the effects of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) interference on yield and harvest index of sunflower (Helianthus annus), a factorial experiment based on a randomized complet block design was carried out in the Islamic Azad University of Tabriz Branch, in 2007 and 2008. Factors were three weed densities (5, 15 and 25 plants m-1 in row) at three subsequent times of weed emergences (at the same time, 15 and 30 days after sunflower germination) and three sunflower cultivars (Azarghol, Hysun and Allstar). Indeed, a control plot was also considered for each variety in the experiment by roghing weeds. The results showed that biological yield at the third level of weed emergence time appeared with a very low difference with the weed-free control (680 kg ha-1). Sunflower biomass decreased from 1850 g/m-2 of the control to 1350 g/m-2 during the full season interference of 25 weeds m-1 in row. Yield production in Azarghol at weed emergence time of the 15 days ofter sunflower emergence decreased by 7% and 14% of that of the control where weed density increased from a range of 5 to 15 and 15 to 25 plants/m-1 in row, respectively. Regarding to the Hysun variety, all weed treatments yielded lower than the control, and the yield of three weed emergence time treatments (at the same time, 15 and 30 days after crop emergence) was reduced by 49%, 37% and 16% of the control (3858) kg/ha-1, respectively. In Allstar variety, the yield loss was more considerable than the other two varieties and it was reduced by 35% of the lowest competition treatment that means this variety is highly susceptible to compete with weed plants like redroot pigweed. The harvest index was also disclosed high variation between three cultivars since it’s value was decreased by 6.5%, 13% and 39% of the control yield in varieties Azarghol, Hysun and Allstar, respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

236 - Critical period of weeds control in sunflower, Helianthus annus L.
Hosein Golipour bahram mirshekari amirhoshang hoseynzadehmogbli shahram hanifiyan

 In order to determine the critical period of weeds control in Allstar cultivar of sunflower, an experiment was conducted in experimental farm of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, Iran, in 2007. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three re More

 In order to determine the critical period of weeds control in Allstar cultivar of sunflower, an experiment was conducted in experimental farm of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, Iran, in 2007. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications. The treatments were weed – infested and weed – free at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 14 weeks after sunflower emergence. Studied traits were hull weight to brain weight ratio, 100 grains weight, grain yield, oil percentage and oil yield. Results indicated the significant differences among treatments in most studied traits. Full season weed – infested treatment decreased up to 27.5% and 43% grain and oil yield in comparison to full season weed–free treatment, respectively. Based on fitted equations for weed–infested and weed – free plots, 1 to 9.5 weeks and 2.5 to 7.5 weeks after sunflower emergence were determined as critical periods of weed control with 5% and 10% yield loss, respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

237 - Study of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) phenologic stages at interference with three sunflower hybrids
Bahram Mirshekari

In order to study of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) phenology at interference with three sunflower, Helianthus annus L., cultivars, two field experiments were conducted during 2005-2006. Factorial experiments were established on randomized More

In order to study of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) phenology at interference with three sunflower, Helianthus annus L., cultivars, two field experiments were conducted during 2005-2006. Factorial experiments were established on randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments were combination of three different weed densities (8.3, 25 and 41.7 plants m-2) at three relative times of weed emergence (emerged with sunflower, 15 and 30 days after sunflower emergence) using three different sunflower cultivars (Azarghol, Hysun 33 and Allstar RM). Analysis of variance revealed that the year effect was not significant. Redroot pigweed leaf number in each plant decreased significantly, by increasing weed density and delaying of weed emergence time. Sunflower cultivars also indicated different reactions. In redroot pigweeds that emerging with sunflower, branching at densities of 5, 15 and 25 plants/ m-2 of row delayed 0.67, 0.33 and 2 days in Azarghol, 1.68, 1.33 and 4.33 days in Hysun, in comparison with emergence at 15 days after sunflower, and delaying in Allstar was nearly zero. In three sunflower cultivars, with increasing of density and delaying of emergence time, flowering in redroot pigweed delayed and relative time of weed emergence was more effective than weed density. Earlier emergence of weed has higher effect on flowering delaying of Allstar, compared with two other cultivars. In all sunflower hybrids, time from flowering to seed maturity and growth period of redroot pigweed decreased in treatments with higher sunflower side branches.           Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

238 - Effect of seed inoculation with nitragin biofertilizer on germination and primary growth of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)
Bahram Mirshekari sahar baser

Effects of seed inoculation with different concentrations of nitragin (2, 3, 4 cc and control) on germination and primary growth of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) was evaluated in More

Effects of seed inoculation with different concentrations of nitragin (2, 3, 4 cc and control) on germination and primary growth of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) was evaluated in a completely randomized design with three replications in Islamic Azad University of Tabriz. Based on the results, rapeseed inoculation with 2 cc nitragin increased radicle and plantlet length up to 110 % and 60 %, respectively, compared with control. When sesame seeds inoculated with 4 cc nitragin, radicle length reached from 38 to 75 mm (48% increase). Application of 2 and 3 cc nitragin could increase plumule length of sesame up to 31%, compared with control. Inoculation of seeds with 2, 3 and 4 cc biofertilizer increased germination rate of sesame up to 26 %, 48 % and 14 % respectively, and reached from 0.16, 0.19 and 0.15 to 0.13 germination per day. According to major role of seed germination rate in uniform emergence of field, it is recommended that sesame seeds were planted after inoculation with 3 cc nitragin. Effect of seed inoculation on sunflower plantlet length was significant and the highest plantlet length (42 mm) was observed in seed treatment with 4 cc nitragin. It seems that relative improvement of plantlet length in presence of nitragin could play an important role at uniform emergence of plants in field. Manuscript profile

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