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Open Access Article
1 - Developing Technology Roadmapping Combinational Framework by Meta Synthesis Technique
Saba Sareminia Alireza Hassanzadeh Shaaban Elahi GholamAli MontazerIn recent years, technological advances have motivated industries, companies and even governments to look for an improved alignment between strategic objectives and technology management, preferably through the application of structured and flexible approaches that use MoreIn recent years, technological advances have motivated industries, companies and even governments to look for an improved alignment between strategic objectives and technology management, preferably through the application of structured and flexible approaches that use techniques such as technology roadmapping. There are a lot of studies that have presented various models, processes, and frameworks to develop technology roadmap and more studies have developed roadmaps based on these contributions. Most of these studies have mentioned that the roadmapping process must be customized in every case. Accordingly; having a model or a framework that represents the most prominent findings of these studies in one view, is so helpful for customizing the process. But there is no research that accumulates previous studies and achieving this purpose. This paper presents the outcomes of a Meta-synthesis review of technology roadmapping literature that was published between 1997 and 2016 (73 papers) and develops a framework from important roadmapping components which affected the roadmapping process and roadmaps. Finally, the components of the proposed framework have been evaluated by survey benefiting from experts’ opinion and Shannon’s entropy technique. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Hafiz Abru’s Geography and Taqwim al-Buldan: A Comparative Survey
zahra rezaeenasab qanbarali roodgarHafiz Abru’s geography by Hafiz Abru(d.833 h.) is the most important geographical work in Persian language from Timurid’s era. Since the geographic works, that have been written in later periods, are often lent to past works, it is a question of how far the MoreHafiz Abru’s geography by Hafiz Abru(d.833 h.) is the most important geographical work in Persian language from Timurid’s era. Since the geographic works, that have been written in later periods, are often lent to past works, it is a question of how far the geographic reports of Hafiz Abru are for himself. To determine the authenticity of the content of the work, its geographical information was compared with the past centuries sources and as a result it was demonstrated that Taqwim al-Buldan byAbu al-Fida (d. 732 h.) had been one of the most important sources for Hafiz Abru’s work and what he added to Abu al-Fida work, although containing some important indications of his own time, is not remarkable in quantity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Historical Evolution of a Term; Ra’iyyat and its Classification in Islamic Administration
نگار ذیلابیRa’iyyat, is used in three semantic fields in Islamic resources: it’s oldest and the most pervasive usage was known as one subordinates a ruler. This colloquial sense, based on the literal meaning of the word ra’i defined as shepherding and pasturing c MoreRa’iyyat, is used in three semantic fields in Islamic resources: it’s oldest and the most pervasive usage was known as one subordinates a ruler. This colloquial sense, based on the literal meaning of the word ra’i defined as shepherding and pasturing cattle, refers to an ancient tradition according to which the image of a ruler was a resemblance of a shepherd who protect and guide the people. In this sense, raiyyathas been the subject for many discussions and teachings in Islamic literature, especially in the books such as Adab al-Muluk (the king’s manners) and also official documents and letters in the first ten centuries of Islamic era. Since ra’iyyat had no right to meddle in political and military affairs, the second application of the term ra’ iyyat, means civilians, became prevalent in the Islamic literature and administration. According to many Islamic resources,in central and eastern regions of Islamic world, particularly, this term referred to classes of the king followers who were not allowed to carry weapons. The same definition of ra’iyyat became particularly prevalent in Safavid and Ottoman administration and ra’iyyat was used as a governmental term vis-à-vis “army”. The third definition of ra’iyyat was used to refer to the producers, taxpayers and farmers that often lived in central and eastern regions after the tenth century. Agricultural productions in main parts of the Islamic world were carried out on the basis of landlordism system and so vassals were the most important workers. In this article, along with explaining and comparing these three semantic fields, the historical evolution of the term in the related Islamic texts and also classification of ra’aya in Islamic administration will be considered Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The impact of corporate governance on the financial performance of listed companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange Chemical industry
Hamidreza Taherian Abdolhosein Karampour -
Open Access Article
5 - Relationship Between Application of Knowledge Management and Organizational Climate With Customer’s Satisfaction In View of Sepah East Branches Employees of Tehran
Mohesn Farmahini Farahani Hamid ShafizadehToday bank businesses require more focus on employees as internal customers, customer satisfaction and recognition of customers’ needs and demands. Therefore, elements like organizational climate and knowledge management can effect on developing interaction betwee MoreToday bank businesses require more focus on employees as internal customers, customer satisfaction and recognition of customers’ needs and demands. Therefore, elements like organizational climate and knowledge management can effect on developing interaction between employees and customers relationship. The aim of this research is to investigate relation between application of knowledge management and organizational climate with customer’s satisfaction in Sepah east branches of Tehran from employees’ perspectives. The methodology of the research is descriptive- correlation. Statistical society includes all branches of Sepah east branches of Tehran containing 528 employees and statistical sample calculated 237 persons using accidental sampling and Morgan table. Data analysis has been done using descriptive and conceptual statistics and the Pierson correlation coefficient, T and regressions’ test. The research results declare that there is a meaningful relation between knowledge management and organizational climate with customer satisfaction and employee’s situation is in good conditions as knowledge management point of view. There is not meaningful relation between the knowledge management elements and with customer satisfaction and knowledge management elements except knowledge saving can predict customer satisfaction. In general, the application of knowledge management and open and proper organizational climate can help in employee motivation and developing their mood and result in level of customers satisfaction Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Factors of Child- Friendly Places in Neighborhood Area
Hossein Bagheri Esmael ZarghamiWe have found many links between the built environment and children's physical activities, but we have yet to find conclusive evidence that aspects of the built environment promote obesity. For example, certain development patterns, such as a lack of sidewalks, long dis MoreWe have found many links between the built environment and children's physical activities, but we have yet to find conclusive evidence that aspects of the built environment promote obesity. For example, certain development patterns, such as a lack of sidewalks, long distances to schools, and the need to cross busy streets, discourage walking and biking to school. Eliminating such barriers can increase rates of active commuting. But researchers cannot yet prove that more active commuting would reduce rates of obesity. It note that recent changes in the nutrition environment, including greater reliance on convenience foods and fast foods, a lack of access to fruits and vegetables, and expansion in portion sizes, are also widely believed to contribute to the epidemic of childhood obesity. But again, conclusive evidence that changes in the nutrition environment will reduce rates of obesity yet does not exist. Research into the link between the built environment and childhood obesity is still in its infancy. Analysts do not know whether changes in the built environment have increased rates of obesity or whether improvements to the built environment will decrease them. Nevertheless, the policy implications are clear. Finally, environment can have a sustainable effect in children activities. The attempt of this research is to identify the effective variables of friendly places by kids. Prioritization according to the importance of variables is the main goal of the research. The Delphi technique has been used to collect the opinions of experts about the priorities of criteria. The research method was qualitative, and the data were collected conducting a questionnaire. Firstly, by using literature review, several factors that are strongly related to design field (Child- friendly place, Child- friendly City (CFC), and Friendly places) have been identified. The questionnaires was sent to 25 experts, out of them 18 key experts answered to the research. Their responses were analyzed for the purpose of identifying. Following revisions as a result of the comments received from the first round, the participants were asked to repeat the assessment in the second round. A t-test was used to determine whether or not the experts’ opinions on the first and second round were similar. The results of the research showed that the final set of variables grouped into 5 categories: (1) physical factors; (2) safe access factors; (3) location factors; (4) ecological factors; and (5) personal factors. Physical factors consisted of functional distance, scale, variety of functions, quality of environment, density of neighborhood, texture and color of material, and so on. Safe access factors were distance (km/hr), to home, school, play space, parks and center of neighborhood. Contextual factors consisted of neighborhood, services and safety. Location factors were proximity with home, school, play space, parks. Personal factors consisted of age, gender, education, economic place and sense of safety. We used Shannon’s entropy to determine the importance weights of variables. Physical factors were the most important attribute and personal factors were the least important one. The physical factors of residential neighborhood have a significant role in increasing loveable place for children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Evaluation Residents Think about the Use of Infill Development Approaches (Case Study: New Buildings Jouybara of Isfahan)
Elham Aminoroaya Meghedy khodabakhshianInterventions in historical contexts are taking place with different approaches throughout Iran and the world. The present study was designed to answer the question of what approaches should be taken in relation to residents’ viewpoints in the Jobebara neighborhoo MoreInterventions in historical contexts are taking place with different approaches throughout Iran and the world. The present study was designed to answer the question of what approaches should be taken in relation to residents’ viewpoints in the Jobebara neighborhood of Isfahan, which is a historical context. For this reason, after reviewing a variety of strategies, the residents’ opinion and their democratic intervention and social participation were selected as the appropriate research strategies, which was tested through a questionnaire of residents’ opinions on the subject under investigation. The method of the present study is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods so that the interpretation and analysis of various books and articles related to the field of interfacial development are placed alongside the quantitative method (questionnaire) in the field of analysis, and evaluation of interfacial structures and also for the purpose of the application. The data collection methods in this study are library and field research, because the researcher first studied library resources and then field studies, interviewed specialists in the field and residents in the context by drawing visual questionnaires on the subject of research. To identify infill buildings, all approaches to infill buildings include ten methods including, maximal contrast, and stylistic approach, stylistic maximum likelihood and new synergy approach, facade approach, ornamental approach, deductive approach, and line design, neutral or zero degrees, unstable architecture coexistence, style and fantasy, subtle or mirrored building approach, contextual architecture with continuity approach, hybrid approach were analyzed and then co-integration and integration approaches were analyzed. Finally, integrated approaches were decreased to 5 approaches, the approach of conflict and contrast maximum and candid style, approach parallels maximum style and synergy between the new and old approach, preservation of the facade approach, neutral or degree zero architectural approaches, and creating subtle or mirror new buildings, respectively. In developing the questionnaire, a growing number of images related to the architecture of infill buildings in historical contexts of different parts of Iran and the world, especially the city of Isfahan, including Jouyebra, were tested by the Delphi method and based on five selected approaches in this field. The scores on both questionnaires were scored on a Likert scale (score scale), in which each image was scored from very low to very high (1-5). Then, the highest-rated images and their questions were surveyed by 360 residents, and finally, 340 people were accepted and analyzed by the IBM SPSS Statistics 25 software. Investigating the reliability of the variables under examination in the historical texture of the river. It was found that the inhabitants of the neighborhood generally wanted a completely new and modern construction in their texture, compared to being in harmony with the existing texture. This means that most residents were unenthusiastic in the texture of their neighborhood and were looking for modernity. For this reason, the findings showed that residents’ views of reflective and mirrored approaches to new buildings to the neutral or zero degree architecture approaches ranged from highest to lowest, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Investigating Factors Affecting the Urban Growth Using F’ANP Model (Case Study: Bojnoord City)
Haleh Hoseinpour Esfandiar Zebardast Hamid MajediWhen cities grow rapidly due to various factors such as changing economic, political, or social roles, they undergo many changes in their spatial structure. This phenomenon, especially in recent decades because of the uncontrolled growth of urban population and increasi MoreWhen cities grow rapidly due to various factors such as changing economic, political, or social roles, they undergo many changes in their spatial structure. This phenomenon, especially in recent decades because of the uncontrolled growth of urban population and increasing migration to cities, is more visible in the cities of Iran compared with the past. In this process, cities are affected by multifaceted factors of urban growth, and in a short time, natural areas become urban lands. Meanwhile, some factors have a greater impact on the shape and extent of these changesincluding, population growth rate, urban road network, land usage change, government policies, and market trends. The occurrence of urban growth and its consequences have wide dimensions.The increase of medium and large cities and the spatial impact of urban growth on the surrounding lands are some of the important issues in the analysis of current urban issues. There is not any attention to the unplanned growth of these cities on the near horizon, which will lead to the transformation of medium-sized cities into large cities. Therefore, studying urban growth and explaining the factors, affecting help to identify and understand the process of urban development and test existing urban theories. The purpose of this article is to identify these factors and assessing the amount of impact of each of them in the process of urban growth by consideringBojnoord samples that had significant growth in recent years. In this regard, by reviewing the theoretical concepts related to urban growth, the factors affecting urban developmentwere codified, so asto be used as a framework for the analysis of the factors influencing the growth of Bojnoord.Then quantitatively is ratedwith the help of GIS and measurable relevant functions layers. Some of the most important factors are; population density, road density, number of amenities, distance from the town center, the development of single-family homes, faults, slope, etc. Then, from among the various methods of measurement, and quantitative assessment F’ANP keeps all the capabilities of factor analysis because F’ANPmanages to use the capability of factor analysis in converting subjects to specified dimensions and determining the relationship between indicators. Since the relationship between these extracted dimensions is objective, no problems arising from subjective judgments, and there is no effect on the results of research. The results showed that the most important factors in the growth of Bojnoord City were; tendency to single-family homes and large-scale land, the distance from the city center, the net density of the population, accordance with the desire of the city, commercial density, number of amenities, roads and population density respectively. Therefore, "density factor" indicators can be considered as the most important factors in the growth of Bojnourd city. On the other hand, the spatial study of these factors in the map of Bojnourd shows that the greatest concentration of these factors has been in the northwest (towards Golestan) and northeast of the city (towards Mashhad) in Bojnourd, which ultimately leads to the spatial form of the continuous expansion of Bojnourd. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Typology Research of the Northwest Iran’s Railway Stations’ Architecture (The Qajar Period to Present)
Habib Shahhoseini Fatemeh AsadzadehThe railways, as a gateway to urban life and an achievement of technology, reflect the characteristics of the culture and identity of each community, which are also presented in the architectural styles of its stations. Railway stations have been of great historical imp MoreThe railways, as a gateway to urban life and an achievement of technology, reflect the characteristics of the culture and identity of each community, which are also presented in the architectural styles of its stations. Railway stations have been of great historical importance by changing the intellectual horizon of the people. Today, railway stations do not only serve as a mean for people to travel and transport, but also, they are being constructed for their aesthetic and symbolic values. In this regard, old railway stations are the most significant ones as they increase the value of their surroundings and are capable to help practice sustainable architecture. The initial stations were mainly derived from endemic architecture styles and materials, resulting in enduring buildings. However, the typology of the architecture of the old railway stations in Iran has not been studied adequately especially in different periods of time and consequently, the need for a comprehensive study in this matter is striking. Therefore, by using the qualitative-analytical method and collecting data from various documents, old books, and field observations, this research aims to study and analyze the physical characteristics of 116 Iran’s northwestern railway stations (Tehran - Tabriz) in four periods of Qajar, first and second Pahlavi and The Islamic Republic to identify the physical patterns of the railway stations of each period. The main question that this paper tries to answer is: “what are the differences between railway stations’ architectural body during various periods of time in the northwestern line of Tehran-Tabriz?” First of all, railway stations of each period in the research area were identified one by one, and afterward, by a detailed analysis, the typology of the identified stations’ architectural body was classified for each period. The identified factors for evaluation were the plan’s type, number of floors, type of roof, the used materials in the station’s facade, and the number of ornaments. These factors were considered separately in the railway stations of each of the four periods. The results of the research indicate a significant reduction in the variety of patterns used over time, except for the number of floors in the period of the Islamic Republic with two and three-floors stations with more variety of uses, the type of materials used, roof type, type and proportions of the plan and the number of decoration patterns studied in this period, have lost their variety during the time. To construct railway stations in the period of the Islamic Republic, there has been a tendency towards flat roofs and a plan type that has a relatively monotone structure without decorations. The current research identifies the architectural body of historical railway stations, in order to plan for future development and reuse them while preserving their originality and historical identity, as part of the cultural heritage of Iranian society. Additionally, future studies can focus on a more detailed analysis such as determining differences between the various materials in each part of the building like façade, floor, walls, and ornaments during time periods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Jensen inequality with Applications in Information Theory
hasan barsam Yamin Sayyari sayyed mehrab ramezaniOne of the best-known inequalities which are used in many inequities is Jensen’s inequality. It is a base of some inequality such as the arithmetic mean, harmonic mean inequality also in inequality with respect to entropies including Shannon’s inequality and MoreOne of the best-known inequalities which are used in many inequities is Jensen’s inequality. It is a base of some inequality such as the arithmetic mean, harmonic mean inequality also in inequality with respect to entropies including Shannon’s inequality and information theory. One of the best fundamental inequality in mathematics is Jensen’s inequality. In fact, Jensen's inequality is a base of some inequality such as the arithmetic mean, harmonic mean inequality also in inequality with respect to entropies including Shannon’s inequality, Ky Fan’s inequality and etc. Recently, the generalizations and refinement for the Jensen inequality have been considered by many authors, it has been generalized to applications of information theory and etc. The purpose of this research article is to give a new interesting refinement of Jensen’s inequality form particular finite sequences. Also, we give some applications with respect to this inequality in information theory and other aspect of sciences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Extension of Carleman's inequality by means of infinite lower triangular matrices
Gholamreza Talebi Ali Ebrahimi MeymandLet H_μ=(h_(n,k) )_(n,k≥0) be the Hausdorff matrix associated with the probability measure . Graham Bennett in 1996 established the following extension of Carleman's inequality[sumlimits_{n = 0}^infty {prodlimits_{k = 0}^n {{{left| {{x_k}} right|}^{{h_{n,k}}}}} } MoreLet H_μ=(h_(n,k) )_(n,k≥0) be the Hausdorff matrix associated with the probability measure . Graham Bennett in 1996 established the following extension of Carleman's inequality[sumlimits_{n = 0}^infty {prodlimits_{k = 0}^n {{{left| {{x_k}} right|}^{{h_{n,k}}}}} } le {e^{int_0^1 {|log theta |dmu (theta )} }}sumlimits_{n = 0}^infty {left| {{x_n}} right|} .,,,,,,,(1)]In this paper we show that the Hausdorff matrix in (1) can be replaced by any lower triangular matrix [A = {left( {{a_{n,k}}} right)_{n,k ge 0}}]for which the sum of each rows is one, provided that the constant in the right hand side, be replaced by[left( {mathop {inf }limits_{p > 1} left| A right|_p^p} right)]. . . . . . . . . As a consequence, we apply our results to Norlund matrices and weighted mean matrices to establish some new inequalities. Further, we show that being equal to 1 is an essential condition for the rows sum of A. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Inference for generalized inverse exponential distribution based on generalized hybrid Progressive censored data and its application to plasma spray data
parya parviz hanieh panahi saeid AsadiIn many applied research, the researcher does not have access to all the data for some reasons such as time and cost constraints. So, the statistical inference based on the available data is important. In this paper, estimation of unknown parameters of a generalized inv MoreIn many applied research, the researcher does not have access to all the data for some reasons such as time and cost constraints. So, the statistical inference based on the available data is important. In this paper, estimation of unknown parameters of a generalized inverted exponential distribution is studied under generalized Type II progressive hybrid censoring. The maximum likelihood estimators and their existence and uniqueness are investigated. Based on the Bayesian approach, the estimators of the shape and scale parameters are derived under squared error loss function. Since closed - form expressions for the Bayes estimators cannot be obtained, we use Lindley’s approximation and important sampling procedure for obtaining them. Simulation study for comparing the different classical and Bayesian estimations is presented. Finally, two real data sets contain oblique impact of micro droplets onto surface in plasma spray coating process and repair time for a communication transmitter are analyzed for illustration purposes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - An alternative proof for a characterization of inner product spaces
Mahdi DehghaniThe most geometric properties of inner product spaces like strict convexity and smoothness my fail to hold in a general normed linear spaces. Also, some main properties of the orthogonality in inner product spaces do not always carry over to generalized orthogonalities. MoreThe most geometric properties of inner product spaces like strict convexity and smoothness my fail to hold in a general normed linear spaces. Also, some main properties of the orthogonality in inner product spaces do not always carry over to generalized orthogonalities. Taking these into account different types of orthogonality relations provide a good frame for studying the geometric properties of normed linear spaces.In this paper, we give a characterization of inner product spaces using the notion of Hermite–Hadamard type of Carlsson’s orthogonality in normed linear spaces. First, we provide some more results about the existence property of this orthogonality. Next, we prove that Hermite-Hadamard type of Carlsson’s orthogonality is additive in a normed linear space X if and only if X is an inner product space. Our approach to prove this fact is using the relationship between Birkhoff-James orthogonality and the Gateaux differentiability of the norm of normed linear spaces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Completeness in Probabilistic Metric Spaces
D. Varasteh Tafti M. AzhiniThe idea of probabilistic metric space was introduced by Menger and he showed that probabilistic metric spaces are generalizations of metric spaces. Thus, in this paper, we prove some of the important features and theorems and conclusions that are found in metric spaces MoreThe idea of probabilistic metric space was introduced by Menger and he showed that probabilistic metric spaces are generalizations of metric spaces. Thus, in this paper, we prove some of the important features and theorems and conclusions that are found in metric spaces. At the beginning of this paper, the distance distribution functions are proposed. These functions are essential in defining probabilistic metric spaces. Then the Dirac function is presented as an important example of distributions functions. We also, introduced Sibley’s metric or Levy metric on the set of distance distribution functions and so this space becomes a metric space. In the following, probabilistic metric spaces are defined from the Serstnev’s view, and some examples such as Menger probabilistic metric spaces, are introduced. In this paper, the strong topology induced by distance distribution functions is introduced, and then probabilistic diameter, probabilistic bounded, probabilistic semi-bounded, probabilistic unbounded and probabilistic totally bounded sets are introduced. Also, we prove that in every probabilistic metric, every probabilistic totally bounded set is probabilistic bounded set. We also present the cantor intersection theorem and a formulation of Bair’s Theorem in complete probabilistic metric spaces. In addition, we prove that the Heine-Borel property and the Bolzano-Wierestrass property are equivalent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Customer rights Arising from the sale of defective goods with emphasis on compensation methods in Iran s law and the convention on the international sale of good
faranak moazen faranak moazen Seyed mojtaba Mirdamadi Ahad BagherzadehIn the field of international relations, trade exchanges are very important. One of the most important examples of trade relations in the field of international trade is the international sale of goods. One of the natural and required issues in any contract is the benef MoreIn the field of international relations, trade exchanges are very important. One of the most important examples of trade relations in the field of international trade is the international sale of goods. One of the natural and required issues in any contract is the benefit of the parties to their rights, in which the customer's rights are among the serious and important categories, some of which are related to defective goods in this study. In the present study, it will be observed that, in Iranian law and the Convention, the scope of customer rights resulting from the sale of defective goods consists of two parts: 1. Obligation to fulfill the provisions of the contractual obligation and ultimately relieve the customer from an unbalanced and unbalanced contractual situation, which in Iranian law is referred to as the defective option and its mechanisms, and in the Convention as the non-compliance of goods and related mechanisms. 2. The actual methods of compensation that provide for the possibility of providing damages resulting from the loss of a favorable contractual position both in order to fulfill the obligation and to terminate it. The Convention includes the issue of compensation for the sale of defective goods in accordance with the theory of full compensation, but in Iranian law this scope is more limited. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Representation of the Personality and Character of the Kurds by Orientalists: A Study on Rich’s ‘Narrative of a Residence in Kurdistan’
Bahman Bayangani Sahar Faeghi -
Open Access Article
17 - Studying Role of the Components of Managers Power in Features of Employees’ Entrepreneurship (The Case Study of Hospital Staff of Miandoab City)
Farhad Mahbobkhah Yosef BeigzadehIntroduction: Recent events of social and economic systems are created opportunities and threats that creative solutions are needed to deal with them. Entrepreneurship is a feature that saves the modern systems at this critical juncture and ensures their survival. This MoreIntroduction: Recent events of social and economic systems are created opportunities and threats that creative solutions are needed to deal with them. Entrepreneurship is a feature that saves the modern systems at this critical juncture and ensures their survival. This study is aimed to determine the components of managers’ power on employees’ entrepreneurship at hospitals of Miandoab city. Methods: The aim of this study is based on an applied research and based on collecting method and analyzing data is types of descriptive and correlational researches and it is, particularly, based on structural equation modeling. Data collecting tools were included Hinkin and Schriesheim’s (1989) power scales and Entrepreneurship Centre of Durham’s entrepreneurship personality features questionnaire. Reliability and Validity of the data collecting tool were confirmed by tests. A sample of 260 subjects (53 managers and 207 employees) was selected from Morgan table. In order to analyze data was used structural equation modeling. Results: The results showed that Referent power (β=0.421, t=4.102), Expert power (β=0.266, t=3.637) and Reward power (β=0.245, t=3.063) were involved in employees’ entrepreneurship but Legitimate and Coercive powers played no role in it. Also, the components of managers’ power were predicting altogether 0.371 of employees’ entrepreneurship changes. Conclusion: managers can use the component of power (referent, expert and reward) has caused to declare and to strengthen these characteristics in employees and consequently, it ensures success of the organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Satisfaction towards Customer Loyalty in Auto-Mobile Industry of Pakistan
A. U. Haq -
Open Access Article
19 - The relationship between social skills training courses of cultural and artistic organization of Tehran municipality and the citizenship culture (A case study)
Ashraf manzary Abbasali ghaiyoomi Ismail kavousyAbstract Civic culture as a new concept in the third millennium, are directly affected by social skills of citizens.Thus the aim of this reseaCivic culture as a new concept in the third millennium, are directly affected by social skills of citizens. Thus the aim of this MoreAbstract Civic culture as a new concept in the third millennium, are directly affected by social skills of citizens.Thus the aim of this reseaCivic culture as a new concept in the third millennium, are directly affected by social skills of citizens. Thus the aim of this research is to identify the relation between social skills education in Tehran municipality’s cultural and artistic organization and civic culture.The research method in terms of the purpose is an applied and in terms of its implementation manner,is a survey descriptive one. The statistical population of this research consisted of participants of Tehran municipality’s cultural and artistic organization social skills courses containing 400 persons in the first six months of the year 1395. The sample was selected randomly in a size of 169 suggested bu Cochran formula. The data collecting tool was 2 questionnairs: a researcher made questionnaire of social skills containing 20 questions and another researcher made questionnaire of civic culture containing 22 questions which their validity approved through consulting experts and their reliability assured by calculating cronbatch’s alpha.( the value of alpha was 0.802 and 0.816 respectively). The resuls by calculating Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient confirmed that there is a significant positive correlation between social skills education courses in Tehran municipality’s cultural and artistic organization and civic culture in the population.rch is to identify the relation between social skills education in Tehran municipality’s cultural and artistic organization and civic culture.The research method in terms of the purpose is an applied and in terms of its implementation manner,is a survey descriptive one. The statistical population of this research consisted of participants of Tehran municipality’s cultural and artistic organization social skills courses containing 400 persons in the first six months of the year 1395. The sample was selected randomly in a size of 169 suggested bu Cochran formula. The data collecting tool was 2 questionnairs: a researcher made questionnaire of social skills containing 20 questions and another researcher made questionnaire of civic culture containing 22 questions which their validity approved through consulting experts and their reliability assured by calculating cronbatch’s alpha.( the value of alpha was 0.802 and 0.816 respectively). The resuls by calculating Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient confirmed that there is a significant positive correlation between social skills education courses in Tehran municipality’s cultural and artistic organization and civic culture in the population. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Survey of Information seeking behavior of the IHCS members on the basis of Fosters nonlinear model
Ayoob Nazi Sakineh GhasempourPurpose: In recent decades, Information seeking behavior has been the subject of many studies and resulted different offered models; e.g., traditional, systematical, user-oriented, task-oriented and linear models. The main goal of this paper was to study Foster non-line MorePurpose: In recent decades, Information seeking behavior has been the subject of many studies and resulted different offered models; e.g., traditional, systematical, user-oriented, task-oriented and linear models. The main goal of this paper was to study Foster non-linear model as a new approach in contrast to previous offered models. Design/Methodology/Approach: This Survey research was conducted by a questionnaire that developed by the researcher based on existing criteria at the Foster’s thesis (2003). Total of 110 questionnaires were distributed and 105 of them were returned. Findings: The results showed different levels of correspondence in interdisciplinary and single-disciplinary researcher’s information-seeking behavior with Foster’s non-linear model in general and also with the contexts and triple core processes, too. The hypothesis test showed a significant difference in the the level of information seeking behavior matching between the two groups of studied researchers with the model. Conclusion: There is an essential need to review this model, especially in determining the weight and importance of each core processes and contexts in modeling the information seeking process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - The Study Librarians’ organizational self Image of AllamehTabataba’i University Libraries
Mahnaz Hajihasani Fahimeh Babolhavaeji Nadjla HaririPurpose: The present study was conducted to investigate the understanding of organizational self image of the librarians of Allameh Tabataba’i University library services. Methodology : This study is an alytical survey. Participants of this study were 49 lib MorePurpose: The present study was conducted to investigate the understanding of organizational self image of the librarians of Allameh Tabataba’i University library services. Methodology : This study is an alytical survey. Participants of this study were 49 librarians of Allameh Tabataba’i University (ATU). Data was collected through the researcher-made questionnaire based on Lee Blang & Negvin organizational self image model. The validity of the questionnaire was content validity and its reliability was estimated through using Cronbach’s alpha. The obtained reliability was %78. Results: Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and one sample T test. SPSS software was used to analyze data. The average self image of librarians was 3.38. The average of librarians self image in respect to identity, fame, service quality, physical environment, and staff behavior are 3.38, 3.52, 3.29, 3.26, 3.86 respectively. Findings showed that the librarian’s understandinf of organizational self image of the university is in a favorable situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The Impact of Management Overconfidence on Value Creation and Stock Return Risk
Amir Faridnia Behrooz EskandarpoorThis research investigate the impact of management over confidence ( on based two index of investment more than sales growth and profit tendentious prediction ) on value creation ( on based diversification indexes stock return involved stock maintains return , special a MoreThis research investigate the impact of management over confidence ( on based two index of investment more than sales growth and profit tendentious prediction ) on value creation ( on based diversification indexes stock return involved stock maintains return , special and unusual risk ) and firm’s stock return risk in Tehran stock exchange . In general , the use of a sample of stock market companies between 1386 / 1395 suggests that there is a significant difference between the stock return of companies with over_ executives and companies that do not have such managers. There is also no significant difference between the stock of innovative stock companies with the unconditional confidence of the management and other companies. also, there was no significant difference between the stock return of innovative companies with excessive management confidence and other companies. The results show that the exist once of management over confidence has a negative and significant effect on stock return risk and despite the excessive assurance of management (based on both of the criteria examined) Stock return risk has decreased significantly . the other result show that the status of innovative companies with excessive management confidence has not been able to have a significant effect the on stock return risk and there is a significant difference the return risk of innovative companies with excessive assurance management and other companies do not exist . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Human Development, State and Investment Policies
yasser Roostaei Hosseinabadi A. Akbar Gorji AzandarianiHuman Development is the last revealed theory in the field of economy of development and according to its founders is subject to spontaneous development in four aspects of political, cultural, economic and societal. Freedom of access to economic facilities p MoreHuman Development is the last revealed theory in the field of economy of development and according to its founders is subject to spontaneous development in four aspects of political, cultural, economic and societal. Freedom of access to economic facilities played a vital role in economic development and stable policies in economic fields is a canon of above freedom. To this end, State should do its best to provide the best access of citizens to economic facilities. Privatization is a well-known instrument to this end. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Accrual Quality Assessment Model in Banking Industry
Gholamhossein Assadi Bahador NayebiThis paper provides a new categorization of balance sheet items for commercial banks by putting them in to financial and operational parts. Results of the study shows that banks with higher net financial assets compared to net operational assets have less incentives for MoreThis paper provides a new categorization of balance sheet items for commercial banks by putting them in to financial and operational parts. Results of the study shows that banks with higher net financial assets compared to net operational assets have less incentives for earnings management, which results in higher accruals quality. Furthermore, we have studied the role of loan contract types and capital adequacy on accruals quality. The results show that banks with higher share of fixed-income loan contracts and higher capital adequacy ratio have a better quality of accruals. We also found out that banks which give loans to corporations of leading industries, have less earning management actions, which leads to higher accruals quality. Based on this finding, we have developed a future-looking measure of accruals quality for banks focused on industries which banks put higher portion of the loans on and called it Portfolio Quality Index (PQI). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Computer extended series and HAM for the solution of non-linear Squeezing flow of Casson fluid between parallel plates
Vishwanath Awati Manjunath Jyoti -
Open Access Article
26 - Comparative Linguistic Stylistics in Rostam’s Combat with Ashkbous in Shahnamaeh and Amroas’s Combat with Imam Ali in Ali Nameh
Farshad Eskandari Sharafi Hossein Sahragard hasan heidaryAli Nameh is the first religious epic in Persian literature traced back to fifth A.H. The composer of this versified story is a Shia poet alias to Rabi’e who has composed the descriptions of Imam Ali’s combats, especially his combats in Jamal and Sefein, ver MoreAli Nameh is the first religious epic in Persian literature traced back to fifth A.H. The composer of this versified story is a Shia poet alias to Rabi’e who has composed the descriptions of Imam Ali’s combats, especially his combats in Jamal and Sefein, versus Shahnameh. Applying a descriptive-analytical method and library references, the present paper aims to determine the influence level of this less known religious epic from the stylistic elements of Shahnameh linguistically. This is a comparative study; therefore, at first, we have chosen two stories from Shahnameh, “Rostam’s combat with Ashkbous” and “Amroas’s combat with Imam Ali” and Ali Nameh composed by Rabi’e. The stories were compared and contrasted phonologically, morphologically and syntactically in order to figure out their common and distinct features linguistically. The findings reveal that although Ali Nameh has been composed against Shahnameh 70 years after that, it is highly affected by Shahnameh in term of linguistic styles. In fact, Ali Nameh includes a majority of phonological, morphological and syntactic features of Shahnameh and its Khorasani style. The high level of influence from Shahnameh proves that Shahnameh has always been considered as an indicator and stylist work which has inspired other epic poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Polygamy from Viewpoint of the Holy Qur’an “Accepted” or “Rejected”
mohammadreza AramThe topic of polygamy, is one of the most challenging issues of marriage in Islam, that has many agrees and disagrees. Advocates believe that apparently the commandment of remarriage has been stated in the third verse of Sura Nisā. However, this verse because of its str MoreThe topic of polygamy, is one of the most challenging issues of marriage in Islam, that has many agrees and disagrees. Advocates believe that apparently the commandment of remarriage has been stated in the third verse of Sura Nisā. However, this verse because of its structure and tying the order in which to two condition, has some ambiguities that the interpreters of two sects have given various opinions for their solutions. One of these ambiguities is the relationship of first part of this verse which is expressed in terms of condition with the second part and its penalty. In this research, after explanation of different views on interpretation of this verse and with surveying the narrations and verbal evidences and other reasons, a new interpretation of the verses is presented upon which, the commandment of polygamy is extracted from its absolute and unconditional status and is limited to particular circumstances and social necessities. In this article, according to the verses of Quran failing of polygamy from Islam’s viewpoint has been concluded. The Quran, with statement of difficult condition of possibility of remarriage (As: Observation of justice between the wives, even in exceptional circumstances and for certain people) attempts to express that polygamy is close to impossible. Regarding to this issue that Islam has a comprehensive expression that expresses individual and social commandments, in this case, the topic of polygamy can be included in exceptional issue of marriage that the Quran refers to it with the expression of its particular circumstances. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Ethical Advises of Sa’adi’s Complete Works with an Approach to Quran and Nahj Al Balaghah
Reza Mousa Abadi Batoul Fakhr EslamSa’adi’s poetry is the perspective of different advises and messages in which each is the manifestation of a unique insight of the environment around in a way that the territory of the ethical concepts and elements can be seen in his enjoyable messages. The MoreSa’adi’s poetry is the perspective of different advises and messages in which each is the manifestation of a unique insight of the environment around in a way that the territory of the ethical concepts and elements can be seen in his enjoyable messages. The mellifluous poet intended to guide his audience or reader to improvement and upgrading in order to experience a better life. The present article plans to study the most important ethical doctrine and introducing them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - children's literature; Between literary pleasure and the development of Islamic culture A study of the stories of Tariq Al-Bakri as an example
Boshrasadat MirghaderiAbstract: Children's literature is the part of literature that addresses children and adolescents and is classified on the basis of the age of the audience. It is a type of literary art that includes stories, books, magazines and poems written specifically for children. MoreAbstract: Children's literature is the part of literature that addresses children and adolescents and is classified on the basis of the age of the audience. It is a type of literary art that includes stories, books, magazines and poems written specifically for children. Although this literary genre focuses on consolidating literature in its manifestations in the child and feeding it with literary food; it has another task, which is to develop values and culture when addressing him. Literature and culture are the wings of a bird that flies in a child’s imagination through stories, poems and books.This study seeks to show the readiness of children’s literature to demonstrate moral values and the development of Islamic culture in children. To reach this end, it studied the works of the famous writer on children’s literature; Tariq Al-Bakri, and focused on the cultural and moral dimension in his stories, concluding that the stories of Tariq Al-Bakri, in addition to containing many of these values, raise the minds of children in an appropriate manner and with wonderful manners in order to promote education. Keywords: children’s literature, Islamic culture, moral etiquette, Tariq Al-Bakri Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - The translation of the Holy Quran, or the inability to translate it
mina shamkhiThe possibility of translating the Qur’an into other languages has been suggested by many scholars from ancient times. God sent the Prophet (may God bless him and grant him peace) to guide man and have victory in the Qur’an in this sacred path. This Qur&rsqu MoreThe possibility of translating the Qur’an into other languages has been suggested by many scholars from ancient times. God sent the Prophet (may God bless him and grant him peace) to guide man and have victory in the Qur’an in this sacred path. This Qur’an calls people to everything that guides them to eternal happiness and the height of perfection. The teachings and laws of this book are not specific to one nation, but rather include all countries and languages. Understanding the Qur'an is a religious necessity. The translation of the Qur’an into other languages is aimed at identifying the various boredom on the language of the Qur’an and its facts and Quranic knowledge, and it is one of the advertising necessities, but the important point that we should be concerned with is that the translator has to be knowledgeable in both languages to a level that makes him able to transmit symbols and verbal minutes That exist in the two languages and that they know their inherent minutes well so that the text does not face imbalance in the transmission, especially since there are elements that make translating the Qur’an difficult, including: the sanctity of the content, the superiority of the words of the creature and the miraculousness of the text and the content, infallibility and the absence of error in the Quranic phrases that It is considered necessary for the oneness of the Qur’an. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Stories and Narrations Method in Mathnavi
Mohammad Rasoul Ahangaran Farahnaz Raf’at JooIt is obvious to all mystics and Sufis specifically Iranian researchers that Molana’s poetries are full of love to Lord. His poetries are of two important characteristics which disparate his works (from others); depth of thinking and power of emotion. Mathnavi Ma& MoreIt is obvious to all mystics and Sufis specifically Iranian researchers that Molana’s poetries are full of love to Lord. His poetries are of two important characteristics which disparate his works (from others); depth of thinking and power of emotion. Mathnavi Ma’navi is one of the literary masterpieces which closely interrelates with the ancient literary works and is of a deep relationship with Sufis and mystics. The present article attempts to express Molana’s method in versing stories, narrations and their types and point out the importance of these stories and narrations on the other hand. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Shebli’s Expression in The Conference of The Birds and Other Works of Attār
Mohammad Yousef Nayyeri Amir Mohammad ArdeshirzadehIn order to express his mystical notions and thoughts Attār refers to the numinous and mystic figures in his anecdotes and tales and advises everyone to follow their deeds and examples. The present study investigates the character of Shebli, a mystic of the fourth and f MoreIn order to express his mystical notions and thoughts Attār refers to the numinous and mystic figures in his anecdotes and tales and advises everyone to follow their deeds and examples. The present study investigates the character of Shebli, a mystic of the fourth and fifth centuries, who was respected by great Sufi scholars. He was a high ranking lover and mystic of unequalled lore and devotion. Many intellectual points, advices, phrases and also revelations and miracles have been attributed to him. Attār depicts him as the narrator of the anecdotes in Conference of Birds and his other works to expresses his own thoughts and ideas in both simple and cryptic ways. In this study, we have tried to analyze and interpret or demystify these anecdotes and tales. We have attempted to uncover the hidden secrets and symbols behind the lines. In every one of these tales and anecdotes, bearing the secrets and ways of mysticism, Attār puts forth his own words as quoted by Shebli, and revealing the hidden secrets in them is what this present study has attempted to achieve. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - An Introductory and Analytical Study of the Original Manuscript of Kašf al-Loghāt wa’l-Estelāhāt by Abd-al-Rahim Ben Ahmad Sur Bahari Hindi
Elham Adere Mir Jalal-al-Din KazzaziIn the domain of Persian language lexicography is a significant category. The 10tht and 11thh (AH) centuries were the golden period when great lexicographers, especially in India, composed and compiled dictionaries. One of those dictionaries is Abd-al-Rahim Ben Ah MoreIn the domain of Persian language lexicography is a significant category. The 10tht and 11thh (AH) centuries were the golden period when great lexicographers, especially in India, composed and compiled dictionaries. One of those dictionaries is Abd-al-Rahim Ben Ahmad’s Kašf al-Loghāt wa’l-Estelāhāt (Revealing [of the meaning] of words and terminology). A great Sufi, Abd-al-Rahim Ben Ahmad compiled his book in 673 chapters before 1017 (AH), most probably around the middle of the 16thh century. It uses a simple and scientific language and contains information in various subjects. This article first gives a brief history of lexicography and then reviews the life style and ideas of Abd-al-Rahim to study the structure, style and linguistic features of his dictionary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Letter semantic in collection of Hafez’ sonnets
ahmad zakeri saman ghani sfandabadPoetic language of Hafez has formatted with gathering manyelements which one of the most important of these elements isletter applying. &nb MorePoetic language of Hafez has formatted with gathering manyelements which one of the most important of these elements isletter applying. Using in a definite time from letters with regarding wideness of meaningand special review of literature that there is in Persian language and alsothe potential which it has during time cause poet to use from semanticextent and applying extent (use) in order to benefit from expression ofidea. So letter applying and identified administrating methods such as :propositions in meaning of Mahazat (front), Mojavezat, Moshabehat(Similarity), Maeiyat (Companionship), and conjunctions in meaning ofFarz(Hypothesis), Foriyat(Urgency), Qasam (Swear). Therefore we hopethat cognition of these methods help researchers to achieving to appear and hidden word and receiving secrets of Hafez’ words. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Narratology of “Story of Akvān the Demon”
Nasrin Beiranvand Hossein Arian Nasser Kazem KhanlouNarratology is a noteworthy branch of twentieth century criticism, and the general concept of it is the transition from the initial position to the second position and it becomes the basis for the actors’ actions to take place on. Algirdas Julien Greimas, the semi MoreNarratology is a noteworthy branch of twentieth century criticism, and the general concept of it is the transition from the initial position to the second position and it becomes the basis for the actors’ actions to take place on. Algirdas Julien Greimas, the semiotician narratologist, has done a lot to provide certain patterns in narratology. His narratology is based on Vladimir Propp's morphology of the tales. The present paper aims to investigate “Story of Akvān the Demon” in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh based on the actantial model of Grimas, and the researchers have studied the plot of the story through his semiotic square approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Analytical Study of Discordant Verbs, a Trope Exclusive to Sa’di and Hafez
Ahmad Zakeri“Discordant Verbs”, a literary trope involving juxtaposition of opposite verbs, is employed as a verbal rhetoric device in literary works. If used artistically and accompanied by such figures of speech as parallelism and pun, this literary device can add to More“Discordant Verbs”, a literary trope involving juxtaposition of opposite verbs, is employed as a verbal rhetoric device in literary works. If used artistically and accompanied by such figures of speech as parallelism and pun, this literary device can add to the impressive eloquence of the speech. However, it is not so frequently used as to be considered a typical style in writing, and is exclusive to Sa’di and Hafez. By reviewing the way language and poetry are interrelated the researcher here tries to explore and analyze the figure of speech of “discordant verbs” in the poems of Sa’di and Hafez. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Heavenly Settler in Ruins Owl and Its Being Auspicious or Ominous in the Works of the Great Iranian Poets (Ferdowsi, Khaqani, Nezami, Sa'adi and Sa’eb)
Naeimeh Motevaseli Marzieh NadafiThe culture of a nation is formed by a set of beliefs and convictions, which have emerged gradually or have been borrowed from other cultures and nations. In the ethos of the Iranian people, as well as the other nations, there are beliefs that have origins in Iranian cu MoreThe culture of a nation is formed by a set of beliefs and convictions, which have emerged gradually or have been borrowed from other cultures and nations. In the ethos of the Iranian people, as well as the other nations, there are beliefs that have origins in Iranian culture or are the outcome of interaction of different cultures with the Iranian culture. Iran has been invaded three times in different periods, and in addition to the vast destructions and losses, has been culturally influenced by so many subduing beliefs. One of the non-Iranian beliefs is to consider the owl as an ominous and hated animal despite its being beautiful and heavenly auspicious in Iranian culture. In this study, after a brief introduction about Iranian culture and the influence of foreign cultures on it, the focus shifts to the owl and the common belief in its auspiciousness and ominousness. Then the impact of these beliefs have been discussed in the works of Ferdowsi, Khaqani, Nezami, Sa'adi and Sa’eb, and in the end, the origins of Iranian's belief as to consider the owl an auspicious bird is explored Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Prosodic Metrics in the Romantic Poems of Four Iranian Contemporary Poets
Farhad Mohammadi Mohammad SadeghiAfter Nimaic verse revealed indistinct in applying metric feet, a number of modernist poets tried their hands in devising and correcting the ambiguities in their own poems. Contrary to other types of new poetry, their new romantic poems, practiced in different frames an MoreAfter Nimaic verse revealed indistinct in applying metric feet, a number of modernist poets tried their hands in devising and correcting the ambiguities in their own poems. Contrary to other types of new poetry, their new romantic poems, practiced in different frames and forms, were not void of metric feet. It is admitted, however, that the metric feet applied in Nimaic versification were of typical and regular types. The present research investigates the prosodic metrics in the romantic poems of four Nimaic-style practitioners (Nader Naderpour, Ahmad Shamlou, Forough Farrokhzad, Fereydoun Moshiri) as well as the impact of using those metrics in deciding their preference of certain frames and forms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Islamic Civilization and urban structures in sa’di’s works
Ali Zakeri -
Open Access Article
40 - Binary Oppositions in Sa’adi’s Ghazals
Touraj Aghdaie -
Open Access Article
41 - "The house of thorn" novel as a metaphor for Noah's Flood
Nazanin Farzad“The House of Thorns” is a work of the contemporary Iranian writer, Abdolhossein Farzad. The time is stopped for the narrator at seven in the morning. This suspension in timelessness is an opportunity for the narrator to analyze history. His goal is to explo More“The House of Thorns” is a work of the contemporary Iranian writer, Abdolhossein Farzad. The time is stopped for the narrator at seven in the morning. This suspension in timelessness is an opportunity for the narrator to analyze history. His goal is to explore the past to find the moment of human evil; because the end of human dignity has paralyzed the narrator’s brain. This research is descriptive – analytical. The research findings show that it is a metaphorical work. This novel is a metaphor of Noah’s flood and the narrator’s bed is like Noah’s Ark. The storm of “The House of Thorns” and the waves which are hitting the ship of the narrator’s bed and occupying his mind, are metaphors for various waves of thoughts: waves of time, history, art, literature, poetry, philosophy and physics especially Quantum mechanics and till the end of the story and the end of the storm that the rainbow of “knowledge is power” appears, the author like Noah tries to talk about the problematic human and giving meaning to life with help of art ,poetry ,literature and humanistic cinema ,seeking to save mankind and human dignity by the Ark of his thoughts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - The Impact of East and West on Children’s Literature in Nasim-e-Shomal: The Case of ‘The Literary Garden’
Inaas Mohammad Abdul Aziz‘The Literary Garden’ is a collection of thirty three anecdotes in the form of masnavi. The poet uses simple and commonplace vocabulary in these poems since using simple diction in those works addressing children plays an important role. Meanwhile, the poet More‘The Literary Garden’ is a collection of thirty three anecdotes in the form of masnavi. The poet uses simple and commonplace vocabulary in these poems since using simple diction in those works addressing children plays an important role. Meanwhile, the poet avoids using colloquial and vernacular diction lest making children used to them therewith arriving at his didactic end in increasing the vocabulary range of children reading these poems. The poet imbues a formal and classical sense in these poems to provide a serious tone in them all in a way that - except a poem named ‘Asl’aan’ – no sign of political or social satire can be found there. Therefore, in the first place, these poems are didactic and the poet has not used them to metaphorically imply hints to the political, social and religious conditions of his time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Allegorical Expression of Joseph in the Mirror of Nizari Quhistani’s Mysticism
Maryam ParhizkariThe story of Joseph the prophet has been particularly paid attention to in Nizari Quhistani’s book of poem. The research question of this study is going to explore how the component parts and characters of this story are dealt with allegorically and used to expres MoreThe story of Joseph the prophet has been particularly paid attention to in Nizari Quhistani’s book of poem. The research question of this study is going to explore how the component parts and characters of this story are dealt with allegorically and used to express the mystical, religious, moral, and philosophical thoughts of poet. Another posed question of this study deals with the allegories used by Nizari to express the story of Joseph and the trajectory according which the story is explained. A book titled Kashf o lasrar by Abolfazl Meibodi and an article titled Esharat Erfani dar Dastane Hazrat Yousef are used as literature review. The significance of this study is emanated from Nizari’s special attention to the great story of Joseph from mystical and allegorical viewpoint. The current study attempts to discover the allegorical position of this story in Nizari’s book of poem and also to elaborate on the component parts of the story of Joseph in a framework of mystical literature. The descriptive and analytical methodology, by using library sources, are used to develop our research project. After note taking about any single part and character, they are categorized and analyzed. Finally, regarding to the features of allegorical approach, the researcher investigate the component parts and characters in the framework of mystical literature. The findings of this study shows that Hakim Nizari had a mystical view on the story of Joseph and all characters and elements of the story are used symbolically and allegorically. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - The story elements of “Twenty hours between dream and reality” story
Ali Dehghan Vahid AmiriNowadays, short story is considered the most important literary genre after poetry which gained popularity among people. As a technical story, short story involves elements such as plot, character, conflict, time and place, point of view and so on which all of them serv MoreNowadays, short story is considered the most important literary genre after poetry which gained popularity among people. As a technical story, short story involves elements such as plot, character, conflict, time and place, point of view and so on which all of them serve theme in organized and harmonic way. This research investigates the story elements in the story of “Twenty hours between dream and reality” by Samad Behrangi. Most of his stories are realistic. He has illustrated objective issues and problems of the poor and inferior class of the society in realistic way. In this article, the samples of the story elements have been presented besides brief explaining of the technical elements in the story “Twenty hours between dream and reality”. The results revealed that this story as one of the most effective and outstanding stories of Beharangi could succeed in admirable illustration of the homeless and street children by employing story elements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Determination of Material Properties Components used in FEM Modeling of Ultrasonic Piezoelectric Transducer
Abbas Pak -
Open Access Article
46 - Validation of Managers’ Promotional Assessment Center in Isfahan Gas Company
Mahdiehsadat Khoshouei Hamidreza Oreyzi Afshin JahanbaziThe goal of this research was validation of manager’s promotional assessment center in Isfahan Gas company.In order to achieve the goal, according to assessment center designed Isfahan Gas company (khoshouei, Oreyzi and Nouri, 2014) eight mid-level managers MoreThe goal of this research was validation of manager’s promotional assessment center in Isfahan Gas company.In order to achieve the goal, according to assessment center designed Isfahan Gas company (khoshouei, Oreyzi and Nouri, 2014) eight mid-level managers of companyas participant and thirteen experts with masters’ degree at industrial and organizational psychology as expert and assessorselected purposefully (homogeneous sampling). Then, experts were completed the training course effectiveness questionnaire and simulation exercise effectiveness questionnaire, assessors were completed the simulation exercise effectiveness questionnaire and behaviorally anchored rating scale and managers were completed the simulation exercise effectiveness questionnaire and managerial dimensional questionnaire (Khoshouei, 2012). Therefore, standardization (by survey of experts and managers), face validiy (by survey of experts and assessors), content validiy (by survey of managers), concurrent validiy (by correlation of simulations ratings and managerial dimensional questionnaire) and construct validiy (multi-trait multi-method analysis) were established.Reliability of assessment center were found to be confirmatory by inter- rater reliability, intra-rater reliability, reliability of same dimensions in different exersices, and behaviorally anchored rating scale reliability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - The Effectiveness of Shafiabady’s multiaxial pattern training on entrepreneurial behavior of female students in the third year of secondary school (high school)
Samira Soltanianshirazi katrin fekriThe purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Shafiabady’s multi-axial pattern of vocational choice training on the entrepreneurial behavior of female students in the third year of secondary school (high school)of Marvdasht city. The research metho MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Shafiabady’s multi-axial pattern of vocational choice training on the entrepreneurial behavior of female students in the third year of secondary school (high school)of Marvdasht city. The research methodology included two groups; post-test and pre-test quasi-experimental group and control group. The statistical population included all the students in the third year of Hajar Female High School in Marvdasht. Of all the 200 students who obtained less than 10 (bellow average) in Entrepreneurial Behavior Questionnaire (Fekri, Shafiabady, Nouranipoor, and Ahghar, 2012) 30 students were randomly selected and assigned to the two control and experimental groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions of 5/1 hours training based on multi-axial pattern training while the control group received no intervention. The post-test was conducted and data were analyzed by inferential statistics (analysis of covariance). The results showed that multi-axial pattern training have a positive and meaningful effect on entrepreneurial behavior and its dimensions such as decision-making, identify opportunities, structure determination, determination of sources and terms, and determination of objectives and strategies (p< 0/05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - An Evaluation of English Textbooks Used in Iranian High Schools: Teachers’ and Learners’ Attitudes
Firouzeh Torki Azizeh Chalak -
Open Access Article
49 - Iranian EFL Teachers’ Beliefs and Practices on Effective Teaching: The Case of Gender and Level of Experience
Mahsa Shahvand Ehsan Rezvani -
Open Access Article
50 - A comparative study on Nursing curriculum in American, Canadian, Australian nursing Based on problem- based strategy and proposed way for applying it in Iranian nursing curriculum
Fatemeh Khorashadizadeh Hosien KarimiRecently, Problem- based strategy had used for revising nursing curriculum. The aim of the present study was to identify how the problem- based strategy has applied in nursing curriculum in America, Canada and Australia and proposed methods for applying it in Iranian nu MoreRecently, Problem- based strategy had used for revising nursing curriculum. The aim of the present study was to identify how the problem- based strategy has applied in nursing curriculum in America, Canada and Australia and proposed methods for applying it in Iranian nursing curriculum.This comparative study was done according to Beredy’s model: Description, interpretation, juxtaposition, and comparison. The population was the documentation of world nursing colleges. The samples were totally 10 colleges of 3 countries: USA, Australia, and Canada who were selected by purposive sampling. Inclusion criteria was applying problem- based strategy in B.A. nursing curriculum. Data collection instrument was checklist problem- based which developed by Changiz & et al (2006). Nursing curriculum in these countries, were retrieved through their publications, books, Internet, their Sites and communicating electronically. Validity of these documents assessed by internal validity and critique the external validity were reviewed. Data analysis was performed according to Beredy’s model. Based on applying this strategy, proposed methods for applying student- center strategy are to pay attention on teaching, learning and evaluation methods, developing lessons goals based on risk factors and community problem and developing health policy course.Attention to ways for applying problem- based strategy in nursing curriculum can promote Iranian nursing curriculum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - The analysis of spiritual intelligence amongst the implementers and the receivers ofâ Religion and Lifeâ curriculum in high school
mohammad amini mohammad reza tammanneifar asieh nazhadThe chief aim of this essay is to study and to analyze the position of spiritual intelligence and its components amongst the implementer and the receivers of “Religion and Life” curriculum in the fourth grade of high school. All the teacher, Teaching the &rd MoreThe chief aim of this essay is to study and to analyze the position of spiritual intelligence and its components amongst the implementer and the receivers of “Religion and Life” curriculum in the fourth grade of high school. All the teacher, Teaching the ” Religion and Life” courses, along with the 348 fourth grade high school students, who were chosen randomly based on the clustering sampling method, were selected as the statistical population. A questioner, consisted of 42 questions about spiritual intelligence, was, then, used to collect the data. The validity and reliability, both, have been confirmed the first by means of the theoretical sources as well as the experts of the field and the second by Coronbach’s Alpha (%85). Both descriptive statistics (mean and slandered deviation) and inferential statistic (t-test) were used to analyze the data. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the teachers and students are not highly different in terms of spiritual intelligence whereas, this difference is more conspicuous between the boys and the girls. In addition, these findings indicate that the degree of knowledge and awareness of teachers about spiritual intelligence and its components is very low and, therefore, there is a serious challenge in this filled . The priority, hence, should be given to promote the spiritual intelligence as well as changes in both textbooks and teaching methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Recognition and application of new teaching models among the humanities faculty members
شهناز محققیان غلامرضا احمدی زهره سعادتمندThis study was conducted with the aim of recognition and application of new teaching models among the humanities faculty members at Khorasgan Branch of the Islamic Azad University. It was a descriptive-survey and the statistical population was included all of 140 facult MoreThis study was conducted with the aim of recognition and application of new teaching models among the humanities faculty members at Khorasgan Branch of the Islamic Azad University. It was a descriptive-survey and the statistical population was included all of 140 faculty members of humanities. 96 participants were selected by random sampling method. The gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, which included 35 Likert-type items assumed to measure the level of recognition and application. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained based on the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.80 in the area of knowledge and 0.84 in the area of application. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics (percentage, frequency, mean and standard deviation) as well as inferential statistics (single-variable t-test‚ independent t-test‚ variance analysis) for both recognition and application areas. The results indicated that not only the faculty members were familiar with these methods but also they apply these methods in their teachings. The results also revealed that there were significant demographic differences such as years of education and acquaintance‚ but there were no significant demographic differences in terms of faculty and the field of study between those faculty members regarding recognition and application. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - The prediction the studentsâ academic achievements, based on their perception of the teachersâ relationship style
masoummeh samadiThe purpose of this research was to predict the students’ academic achievements, based on their perception of the teachers’ communicative style. The method being used was of the descriptive, co relational, one.27339 girl students, in third grade of junior hi MoreThe purpose of this research was to predict the students’ academic achievements, based on their perception of the teachers’ communicative style. The method being used was of the descriptive, co relational, one.27339 girl students, in third grade of junior high school in Tehran, were the statistical population. Amongst whom, 48 students, being about 13 years old, were selected by multiple cluster sampling. Data, then, were collected by a questioner, focusing on the student- teacher relationship style as well as the average scores of the students, during the first semester in1388-1389. By means of the psychometric criteria, both the validity and the reliability of the questioner have been verified. Descriptive analysis (mean, slandered deviation) and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Based on the findings, it was concluded that the mean scores of the both positive behaviors of the teachers, as: leadership, understanding, freedom, supporting, and negative behaviors, as: indecisiveness, aggressiveness, dissatisfaction and seriousness, were very low. It is, also, represented from the multiple regression analysis that not only can positive relationship style predict the academic achievements of the students (R2=0/366, F=275/81, p < 0/0001), but also, by means of the negative one, students’ low achievements would be predicted, (R2=0/504, F=134/41, p < 0/0001). In positive relationship style, freedom and supporting are the best predictors however, the most powerful one is the leadership of the teacher, predicting the student achievements up to 38/7(R2=0/387, F=302/041, p < 0/0001). Although all the elements in negative style are able to predict the low achievements of the student, the indecisiveness is the best indicators, 27/6, (R2=0/276, F=182/01, p < 0/0001). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - The effect of using new educational technologies on the qualiy of educational activities before, during and after training
zahra mohammadi kamal kharazi Bahador MohammadiABSTRACT The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of applying the new educational technologies and the quality of the teachers’ training activities. This study, as objective, functional and in terms of location, field and b MoreABSTRACT The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of applying the new educational technologies and the quality of the teachers’ training activities. This study, as objective, functional and in terms of location, field and by the way, is a description of the survey.Statistical population of this study includes all teachers who teach girls in secondary schools in Isfahan among whom1756 teachers were selected Statistical population of this study includes 252 teachers who were selected in stratified random way among all teachers who teach girls in secondary schools in Isfahan in stratified random way.. Data Collection tools was a made questionnaire whose face and content validity was confirmed by the experts and reliability based on Cronbach’s alpha was 0/87. Descriptive and inferential statistics based on spss 16 software was applied for analyzing the data and also the frequency distribution table, central indices and distribution variance, mean, standard deviation, variance analysis, Duncan test and etc were used in Inferential analysis. The results showed that there is a significant relationship statistically between applying the new educational technologies and the quality of the teachers’ training activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Assessment of teachersâ self-efficacy beliefs model as determinant of their job satisfaction and studentsâ academic achievement
بهروز قلائی پروین کدیور غلامرضا صرامی محمد اسفندیاریThis study evaluated teachers’ self-efficacy beleifs model as determinant of their job satisfaction and students’ academic achievement. This was done through path analysis technique. 320 teachers were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling method in S MoreThis study evaluated teachers’ self-efficacy beleifs model as determinant of their job satisfaction and students’ academic achievement. This was done through path analysis technique. 320 teachers were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling method in Saveh city. They filled out Sherrers self-efficacy questionnaire (1980) and Shariat’s job satisfaction questionnaire(1383). Students’ academic achievement was assessed through their mean score of final exam. Result show that previous students’ academic achievement, further students’ academic achievement, teachers’ self-efficacy and teachers’ job satisfaction are correlated with each other .In first phase, result of path analysis showed that our proposed model is not fitted model. So in order to achieve a fitted model, we assumed that remained variance is constant, and the basic model is then analyzed. The results indicated that in this situation the model is fitted perfectly. In addition, any path except the path coefficient between teachers’ job satisfaction and students’ academic achievement was significant Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Content Analysis of Mathematics Textbook of Secondary School First Grade Based on William Rummyâs Technique and Bloomâs Cognitive Domain
زهره کرمی پژمان اسد بیگی مهدی کرمیThe aim of the present study was analyzing the text content and images of mathematics textbook of secondary school first-grade, 2011 edition, based on William Rummy’s technique and analysis of in-class exercises, activities and problems in lessons based on Bloom&r MoreThe aim of the present study was analyzing the text content and images of mathematics textbook of secondary school first-grade, 2011 edition, based on William Rummy’s technique and analysis of in-class exercises, activities and problems in lessons based on Bloom’s taxonomy of cognitive domain. The used methodology in this study was content analysis. The research population was mathematics textbook, 2011 edition of secondary school first-grade. The findings revealed that text engagement rate was 0.53, which indicated that this textbook was written in an active manner. The engagement rate of images was 1.2 and this showed that the pictures of the textbook involved the students in learning. In activity-based index-analysis of the textbook, the engagement rate of 0.75 indicated that it was activity-based. In the performed analysis based on Bloom’s taxonomy of cognitive domain, it was revealed that 81 percent of the exercises, activities and problems in the textbook are at comprehension level. This analysis showed that the number of exercises, activities and problems at higher levels of cognitive domain in this textbook are very few. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Critical Issues of Learning-Oriented Assessment Among Iranian EFL Teachers: Perceptions, Limitations and Challenges
Gholamreza Zareian Hamid Ashraf Hossein Khodabakhshzadeh Javad Gholami DomskyThe present study aimed to investigate Iranian EFL teachers’ perceptions about critical issues of LOA using a mixed- methods design. To this end, A 35-item questionnaire for investigating perceptions towards LOA was designed and validated. A group of 213 high sch MoreThe present study aimed to investigate Iranian EFL teachers’ perceptions about critical issues of LOA using a mixed- methods design. To this end, A 35-item questionnaire for investigating perceptions towards LOA was designed and validated. A group of 213 high school EFL teachers in Torbat-e Heidarieh and Mashhad were selected based on simple random sampling as the main participants of the study, and 57 EFL teachers were selected to participate in semi-structured interviews to triangulate the results obtained from the questionnaire. The data obtained through the questionnaire were analyzed using different methods of analysis. First, Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used to confirm the construct validity of the questionnaire. It included seven subcategories: contextual, affective, interactional, instructional, learning, proficiency, and elicitation. Second, the data were analyzed using SPSS software- using frequencies and percentages, computing independent sample t-test and Pearson Correlation. The results indicated that females had a more positive view than males towards the use of LOA in Iranian language classes. Positive relationship was found between teachers' age and their perceptions of LOA. The results indicated significant relationship between teaching experience and attitude of LOA. The qualitative findings of semi-structured interviews supported those of the questionnaire, revealing that the vast majority of EFL teachers believed that the use of LOA was advantageous and productive. These results have implications for L2 teachers and teacher trainers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Dynamic Behavior Analysis of a Geometrically Nonlinear Plate Subjected to a Moving Load
A Mamandi R Mohsenzadeh -
Open Access Article
59 - Investigating Iranian Undergraduate EFL Learners’ and Teachers’ Attitude Towards Partnership Approach
Sousan Sattar Azizeh Chalak Hossein Heidari Tabrizi -
Open Access Article
60 - A Comparative Investigation of the Backchanneling Strategy in English Language Textbooks for Iranian School Students
Mahboobeh Chahooshi Reza Rezvani -
Open Access Article
61 - Teachers’ Opinions and Practices Regarding Reading Comprehension Classes
Azam Nazari Mohammad Sadegh Bagheri -
Open Access Article
62 - Geothermal conditions of hydrocarbon formation in the South Caspian basin
Vagif Kerimov Michael Rachinsky Rustam Mustaev Uliana Serikova -
Open Access Article
63 - Women’s Feature in Contemporary Poetry In Egypt
Abdol Reza Attashi Mojde MorshediThe purpose of this study was to deliberate the Arab contemporary poetry about women based on Hafez Abraham, the Egypt contemporary poet; his point of view on women’s freedom and their role in policy, science and education. The study was designed as narrative and MoreThe purpose of this study was to deliberate the Arab contemporary poetry about women based on Hafez Abraham, the Egypt contemporary poet; his point of view on women’s freedom and their role in policy, science and education. The study was designed as narrative and analytic. The result showed that he objected to the unconstrained freedom in his poetries and described the women’s freedom in Islamic domains. Also this neoclassic poet believed in the role of women in all areas such as policy, science and education. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Consequential women (Oliympias, Tarkan khatun and Mahd e Olya)
Naemeh Motevasseli Sayed Gafar Hamidi Sayed Ahmad Hosseini Kazerooni In Iran, throughout the ebb and flow of its history, there were numerous women who had played a sort of crucial role not only in construction or destruction of cultural, human and political elements, but also either in development, flourishing and exp More In Iran, throughout the ebb and flow of its history, there were numerous women who had played a sort of crucial role not only in construction or destruction of cultural, human and political elements, but also either in development, flourishing and expansion or ruinating and obliteration of the country. The present paper purposed to introduce some of the effective feminine on the fate and Persian history (Oliympias, Tarkan khatun and Mahd e Olya). It also evaluated the influence and its degrees, dimensions, extents and consequences were also discussed. It was concluded that the women should be called as the main role player of the power in some of the governments. The paper also came to result that these three mentioned women had a very negative and destructive effects on the history and the people destiny of Iran. Due to such an influence they should be named consequential women, since their unfortunate thoughts involved all the Iranian. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Multi-Layer Modeling of Supply Chain for Products with Limited Lifespan (Case Study: Olive Oil in ETKA’s Stores)
Mohammad Samie Mohammadi Mahdi Yousefi Nejad AttariStudying the Supply chain for products with the limited lifespan is important not only in the supply chain but also in production and distribution of food. One of these products is the Olive oil produced by the ETKA Company, whose production and distribution always have MoreStudying the Supply chain for products with the limited lifespan is important not only in the supply chain but also in production and distribution of food. One of these products is the Olive oil produced by the ETKA Company, whose production and distribution always have different challenges with regard to their limited life. Therefore, in this study, considering the current status of the supply chain of the supermarket stores in three levels of producer, storage, and distributor, a new model for determining the optimal distribution that leads to lower costs in the company is presented. Firstly, the three-level model was presented and described and then using the GAMS software and also the GA algorithm and by using the information received from the company, the optimum distribution of olive oil was determined. Based on the results obtained from the model’s solution, implementation of the model for the supermarket stores not only determines the optimal distribution but also leads to lower costs, which can be spent on investment in different sectors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - A Study of the Narrative Aspects of “The King and the Maid” from Masnavi-e-Ma’navi and Similar Narrations based on Tzotan Todorv’s Model
hosein sadeghi mohammad amir mashhadi abdolali oveysiA Study of the Narrative Aspects of “The King and the Maid” from Masnavi-e-Ma’navi and Similar Narrations based on Tzotan Todorv’s Model ABSTRACT “The King and the Maid” narration is the most fundamental one in Masnavi-e-Ma’na MoreA Study of the Narrative Aspects of “The King and the Maid” from Masnavi-e-Ma’navi and Similar Narrations based on Tzotan Todorv’s Model ABSTRACT “The King and the Maid” narration is the most fundamental one in Masnavi-e-Ma’navi with regard to intra-structural factors as well as Rumi’s thought system. Rumi has undoubtedly taken this narration from similar narrations in Persian literature such as Ferdows-al-hekmat, Nezamie-e-Aroozi, Attar’s MosibatNameh, and Nezami’s EghbalNameh and has reproduced the narration with mystic theme systematically. The present research is an attempt to study these narrations based on Tzotan Todorv’s theory in order to reveal the stories’ intra-structural factors which make the stories expand and move logically, through which the fundamental factors in shaping the stories will be unearthed. Finally, it is tried to find the frequency of the narrative aspects in the stories so as to show the final structure of the narrative. Keywords: Narration, Narrateology, Narrative Aspects, Tzotan Todorv, Masnavi-e-Ma’navi, The King and the Maid Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Survey Kurdish folklore
Jamal Ahmadi Arezoo BroomandiThe present study is Folklore Kurdish . Folklore , literature and elegant prose order that is written and oral or among the general public and generations to come to the future and carrying ideas and beliefs and feelings and imagination and advices and entertainment . s MoreThe present study is Folklore Kurdish . Folklore , literature and elegant prose order that is written and oral or among the general public and generations to come to the future and carrying ideas and beliefs and feelings and imagination and advices and entertainment . such literature shows the spirit of the nation, pulsing through the centuries of literature and always official and writing . with this difference, that if literature as well as official fails to pop culture show , literature Commons well and May - in - cheek of politeness Commons issued evident spirit of the nation . The study, which appears to be a library and analytical methodology - descriptive , after identifying inconclusive , and the Kurdistan popular literature . for the same purpose , an attempt has been made with the use of the resources , trust and concise description of it . as well as the result of the present study that all kinds of popular literature , a nice place to study cultures , beliefs, , chagrinا , thoughts and morality , people in the past - - to date Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Morphological Analysis of Siddha Nasafi’sBaharieh (based on Propp’s theory)
Azar Akbarzade Ebrahimi Zahra EkhtiariSiddha Nasafi’s Baharieh (1636- 1705) is an allegorical story of fable kind. This work which is similar to Panchatantra’s stories is capable of being adjusted with contemporary literary theories such as Propp’s morphology theory. Unlike content analysi MoreSiddha Nasafi’s Baharieh (1636- 1705) is an allegorical story of fable kind. This work which is similar to Panchatantra’s stories is capable of being adjusted with contemporary literary theories such as Propp’s morphology theory. Unlike content analysis, in formal- structural analysis the story is analyzed through form and structure and the content and subject are not very much considered. Lots of folk tales can be studied using this approach. Propp’s structural approach is a suitable method to analyze stories. Because of proximity and sequence of characters’ actions, Baharieh can also be analyzed using the structural approach. Among 31 narrative units of Propp’s theory, the units of “villainy”, “struggle”, “false claim” and “reconciliation between parties” have been used more in Baharieh and hence are similar to many of Panchatantra’s stories. On the other hand, at the end of Baharieh, the debate of “lion and ant” can be compared to ParvinEtesami’s debates of “ant and snake” and “ant and nightingale” that not only have similar contents, but also share common points according to structural theory of Propp. Like Siddha Nasafi’sBaharieh, in these two debates, narrative elements of “villainy”, “struggle” and finally “victory of protagonist against antagonist” have been proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Determinism and Freewill Concept in ‘Iyn al-Quzzāt’s Viewpoint (with an emphasis on Tamhīdāt, Nāmi-hā, Yazdān-shinākht and Lavāyih) Based on Theological and Mystical Approach
Valioallah Esmaeilpour“Determinism and Freewill” along with subjects like: Imamat, good and evil, simile and transcendent and... , of the high frequency concepts in theology, philosophy and Islamic mysticism that were assigned comprehensive research. So, this problematic subject More“Determinism and Freewill” along with subjects like: Imamat, good and evil, simile and transcendent and... , of the high frequency concepts in theology, philosophy and Islamic mysticism that were assigned comprehensive research. So, this problematic subject is one of the oldest and the most disputable topics that direct theologians, philosophers and great Islamic mystics’ attention to it over the ages. So, for significance and the extent of “determinism and freewill” and also unknown dimensions of it, the author thies to study ‘Iyn al-Quzzāt’s viewpoint - one of the great Islamic mystics of Khosravani’s school- about “determinism and freewill” from two dimensions: love and theological-philosophical, in mystical Farsi prose texts. This paper also tries to answer this question that in his viewpoint, if the man is in the core of determinism or in the domain of freewill? Outcome of this research show that ‘Iyn al-Quzzāt’s in love believes to absolute amorous- mystical determinism, and in mystical-philosophical viewpoint believes to all three subjects: determinism, freewill and “Amron Bein al-Amrain” (mediocrity, so- so). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Effect of Quran and other former texts on Mathnavi Taghdis and Mathnavi Maanavi based on theory of Genette's Periphertextuality
Ramin khosravi Iqbal MirJalaluddin kazazi Farhad tahmasbiMathnavi Taghdis written by Mullah Ahmad Naraghi has imitated Mathnavi Maanavi and abundant subjects have been studied and analyzed from the mystical and religious viewpoints similar to Molana's Mathnavi. In this paper, the effect of Quranic stories and other former tex MoreMathnavi Taghdis written by Mullah Ahmad Naraghi has imitated Mathnavi Maanavi and abundant subjects have been studied and analyzed from the mystical and religious viewpoints similar to Molana's Mathnavi. In this paper, the effect of Quranic stories and other former texts on Mathnavi Taghdis and Mathnavi Maanavi has been analyzed based on Genette’s Periphertextuality theory. Findings of this paper show that Mowlana and Naraghi have utilized Quranic stories, folklore culture, former mystical texts etc. Explaining the form and thought of their narrations, this paper investigates the abovementioned narratives. Therefore, their work is result of intertextual relation in which they have established with other texts according to Genette. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - The Evaluation andReview on the Elements of Short Fiction in Stories by Ahmad Dehghan: Based on the collectoion of short stories named “I’m your son’s murder"
Abrahim Golparvar Hamid SamsamAhmad Dehghan is one of the most famous writers of the fiction about sacred defense in recent decade. Among his works, a set of stories named "I’m your son’s killer" is one of his masterpieces which contain several short stories. Element analysis of this bo MoreAhmad Dehghan is one of the most famous writers of the fiction about sacred defense in recent decade. Among his works, a set of stories named "I’m your son’s killer" is one of his masterpieces which contain several short stories. Element analysis of this book, in the field of war, made him famous; hence the recent article tries to show the connection between its parts, elements and interior components and tries to prove the ability of Dehghan in writing short stories such as romance, diaries, showing that this writer is familiar with the principles and premises of short stories and was able to present the master piece in the field of fiction about sacreddefenseby skillful initiating and ending,planning,coherent plot, suitable personification, effective scenes and using attractive, authentic stories with special speech styles. Research method is based on qualitative descriptive-analytic, data driven and the categorization gained descriptively on the basis of note taking, resources and information, then it has been analyzed deductively from part to whole. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - A Paradoxical Favor of Translation: Fitz-Omar’s Ideological Manipulation in the Translation of Persian Literature
Shilan Shafie Helen OlyaeeniaTranslation is considered as one of the most effective means in making every nation’s literature known to the world; although, regrettably, some formal and semantic aspects of the source texts dissolve by the ideological manipulation applied by the translator, ev MoreTranslation is considered as one of the most effective means in making every nation’s literature known to the world; although, regrettably, some formal and semantic aspects of the source texts dissolve by the ideological manipulation applied by the translator, even to such an extent that it can culminate in the distortion of the writer’s philosophy and ideology. The translator's manipulation results in obliteration of the true image of the writer presented to other nations. Hence, a manipulated image of the writer, based on the translator’s own ideology or the dominant ideology of his time is introduced into the readership. The present study, first, seeks to investigate the Edward Fitzgerald’s rewriting of Khayyam’s Rubaiyat from a theoretical viewpoint on his ideological manipulations; and then using concrete instances in the translation of Khayyam’s Rubaiyat, illustrates the translator’s exploitations from such well-known Persian poets as Hafiz, Sa’di, Jami and Attar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Lyrical Comparison of Bijan and Manijeh in Firdausi’s Shahnameh with Alamas Khan Kandoleei’s Shahnameh
Mostafa RadmardFirdausi’s Shahnameh which is in epical field of universal division point of view, is not bare of lyrical aspects. With no doubt, paying attention to Firdausi’s Shahnameh and at the result, composing epic of kings among different Iranian clans is so importan MoreFirdausi’s Shahnameh which is in epical field of universal division point of view, is not bare of lyrical aspects. With no doubt, paying attention to Firdausi’s Shahnameh and at the result, composing epic of kings among different Iranian clans is so important that they are thinking of recomposing stories of Shahnameh in their own language. Among Kurdish clan, because of their close cultural and lingual attributes to Persian language, the motivation contains a special manifestation. The paper tries to explore Bijan and Manijeh story of Almas Khan Kandoleei’s Kurdish Shahnameh which is an epical sample and an imitation of Firdausi’s Shahnameh. The paper explores it in lyrical view and in two amorous and emotional (apology, vinous, demand and request, plaint, satire and mocking, praise and worship, lament, glory and lampoon) couplet fields. Then, considering cultural parameters of two Persian and Kurdish languages, in addition to frequency of lyrical objects, their common and different aspects will be determined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Zikr (Prayer Recitation) in Ghaderiyeh’s Spiritual Doctrine
Naser Farniya Khalil Hadidi Ali DehghanZikr is the departure from the field of ignorance to the field of perception, which springs from either the dominance of fear or the excess of love. The truth about Zikr is that you must forget all MoreZikr is the departure from the field of ignorance to the field of perception, which springs from either the dominance of fear or the excess of love. The truth about Zikr is that you must forget all things except Mazkor (the one who you say prayer recitation for) and our intention of Zikr is the mental Zikr not the verbal one. The invocation of God is forgetting our humble beings through remembering the Almighty names that its continuance results in purifying the heart and forgetting God makes the heart strained. In this research, first, the author has included the definitions and kinds of Zikr and the feedback of famous mystics and great philosophers’ viewpoints in this area and then he has included the importance of Zikr in Ghaderiyeh’s doctrine and its customs and common Zikrs in this doctrine. Moreover, the author has finally attempted to analyze and deduce the above-mentioned matters. Manuscript profile -
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75 - Lyrical comparison of Bijan and Manijeh in Firdausi’s Shahnameh with Alamas Khan Kandoleei’s Shahnameh
Mostafa Radmard Mir Jalalodin Kazzazi Mohammad Ali Daoodabadi FarahaniFirdausi’s Shahnameh which is in epical field of universal division point of view, is not bare of lyrical aspects. With no doubt, paying attention to Firdausi’s Shahnameh and at the result, composing epic of kings among different Iranian clans is so importan MoreFirdausi’s Shahnameh which is in epical field of universal division point of view, is not bare of lyrical aspects. With no doubt, paying attention to Firdausi’s Shahnameh and at the result, composing epic of kings among different Iranian clans is so important that they are thinking of recomposing stories of Shahnameh in their own language. Among Kurdish clan, because of their close cultural and lingual attributes to Persian language, the motivation contains a special manifestation. The paper tries to explore Bijan and Manijeh story of Almas Khan Kandoleei’s Kurdish Shahnameh which is an epical sample and an imitation of Firdausi’s Shahnameh. The paper explores it in lyrical view and in two amorous and emotional (apology, vinous, demand and request, plaint, satire and mocking, praise and worship, lament, glory and lampoon) couplet fields. Then, considering cultural parameters of two Persian and Kurdish languages, in addition to frequency of lyrical objects, their common and different aspects will be determined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - The Influence of Islamic Jurisprudence on Nezami’s khamseh
Seyed As’ad ShaikhahmadiSixth century is one of the most glorious periods in Persian literature. This glory in literature paved the way for a special style of rhetoric which is later called religious poetry. One of the most famous poets of this period is Nezami Ghaznavi, whose style followed MoreSixth century is one of the most glorious periods in Persian literature. This glory in literature paved the way for a special style of rhetoric which is later called religious poetry. One of the most famous poets of this period is Nezami Ghaznavi, whose style followed by other poets after him. Nezami’s poem is highly technical wreathed by vast scope of knowledge and skills of the poet. We can see the reflection of Islamic science in Nezam’s poetry. He also makes use of his full familiarity with juridical science in providing figures of speech, creative imagination and multiple form and style. In this paper, we have tried to explore this influence of Islamic juridical issues on Nezam’s poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Sa'di’s Recognizable God in Bustan and Golestan
Parsa Ya’ghoobi Zahra AbtahiSa’di is one of the leading figures of Persian literature with international reputation. His Bustan and Golestan are among the most influential texts and have exerted deed effects on Iranian’s values and beliefs. Therefore, it is important to know about Sa&r MoreSa’di is one of the leading figures of Persian literature with international reputation. His Bustan and Golestan are among the most influential texts and have exerted deed effects on Iranian’s values and beliefs. Therefore, it is important to know about Sa’di’s central views in these two books. Sa’di's views about God are investigated in his two great above mentioned works after a brief introduction. The results of the study show that Sa’di's familiar God is the God that Islam presents. Sa’di too has insisted on the omnipotence and omnipresence of God in all affairs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Presenting a model of effective factors on managing the prevalence of obesity among students
yasaman ahmadi rahim ramezani nezhad mohammad javad ziyaThe current study aimed to propose a model of the factors that influenced the management of the prevalence of obesity among students. It was a descriptive-survey study in terms of purpose and was conducted as an applied field study. The population included all teachers MoreThe current study aimed to propose a model of the factors that influenced the management of the prevalence of obesity among students. It was a descriptive-survey study in terms of purpose and was conducted as an applied field study. The population included all teachers of physical education in Guilan Province, Iran (N=853).The participants required for the sample(100 teachers) were selected using the simple random sampling technique. The instrument for data collection was a researcher-made questionnaire based on the model proposed by Dowson and Breech that contained items designed according to the 5-point Likert scale. Fifteen professors and experts in the field of physical education investigated and confirmed the face and content validity of the questionnaire. Moreover, the Cronbach’s Alpha reliability of the questionnaire was determined at α=0.84, and its construct (exploratory and confirmatory) validity was investigated and confirmed. Data analysis was conducted using Structured Equation Modeling in PLS3. According to the results of the Freidman test, social-school factors(2.82), parents’ lifestyles (1.91),and students’ characteristics (1.26)had the highest priorities, respectively. Social-school factors, students’ characteristics, and parents’ lifestyles explained 43%, 26%, and 23% of the changes in weight control and obesity, respectively; thus, policymakers and planners in the field of education, headmasters, and physical education teachers can optimally implement social-school factors according to students’ characteristics and adopt plans and strategies to focus on teaching and promoting healthy and dynamic lifestyles among students’ parents so that they may have more successful performance in managing the prevalence of obesity among the students of each climate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Analyzing the Brand Personality Attributes of Professional Athletes in the Instagram Social Media
Abed Mahmoudian Ako Ebrahim Fage Farid Ganji Hanieh Gholamithe present research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the personality attributes of the brand of professional athletes in the Instagram (case study: Veria Ghafouri). The authors of the article analyzed the number of 86 posts shared on the official Instagram page Morethe present research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the personality attributes of the brand of professional athletes in the Instagram (case study: Veria Ghafouri). The authors of the article analyzed the number of 86 posts shared on the official Instagram page of Veria Ghafouri during the 1400/1401 season and classified them based on the attributes of the athlete's brand personality. A small sample included 86 posts and 18/617/210 likes and 1/038/030 comments. The results of the analysis of Veria Ghafouri's Instagram page showed that this athlete focused most on the attributes of family man, sportsman, stylish and up-to-date, masculine, happy, hardworking, effective, demonstrative, successful, appreciative, encouraging, legal personality, inspiring. , supportive, harsh and rude, cold-blooded, exciting, leader and lively. The results show that attributes with content; athletic, successful, legal personality, supportive, family man, grateful, stylish and up-to-date, strong, effective, hardworking, etc. in order of highest average number of likes and attributes with content; Family man, hardworking, legal person, exciting, sportsman, successful, supporter, leader, effective, strong respectively have the highest average number of comments of the followers of this athlete's Instagram page. The results of the current research highlight the importance of the type of content produced by athletes on the Instagram social media for fans and followers, and with a better understanding of followers' responses (likes and comments), the necessary platforms to create a strong brand personality for athletes. It provides a professional through visual media for athletes and managers of their programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - The Effect of Treatment Motivation and Therapist's Interpersonal Style on Treatment Outcome: A Mediating Role of Client’s Engagement
Shafigheh imanzadeh Marziyeh Alivandi Vafa Touraj Hashemi Masomeh AzemodehPurpose: The aim of this study was to determine the role of client’s intrinsic motivation and therapist's interpersonal style on treatment outcome with the mediation of the client’s engagement. Methodology: Individuals who had referred to counseling centers MorePurpose: The aim of this study was to determine the role of client’s intrinsic motivation and therapist's interpersonal style on treatment outcome with the mediation of the client’s engagement. Methodology: Individuals who had referred to counseling centers of welfare organization, oil company and Tabriz municipality in 1398 were selected as the statistical population. In the present study, statistical sample composed of 324 participants who had entrance criteria. the present study is a descriptive-correlational research. to collect data, questionnaires of The Therapist's Interpersonal Style, Treatment Motivation, Client Engagement and Client Outcome were used and structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data.Findings: Findings showed that therapist's interpersonal style with the mediation of the client engagement were able to explain changes in the treatment effectiveness. Also, the results showed that the treatment motivation does not directly affect the treatment outcome and can only have a positive effect on the treatment outcome directly and through client engagement. The results of good fit indices showed that the measured model fits well with the research theoretical model. Conclusion: This study showed that client engagement was a mediating variable in explaining the treatment outcome, so that, in addition to choosing appropriate treatment approaches, therapists should pay special attention to the role of client engagement in the treatment effectiveness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Scientific-literary character of Amir Ali-Shir Nava’i and efficacy of his school
Amir Nemati LimaeeAmir Ali-shir Nava’i is one of the famous and well-known politicians and cultural man of the Timurid era . His unique political and cultural perspective gave him a special position in Iranian cultural history. Investigating different aspects of his unique characte MoreAmir Ali-shir Nava’i is one of the famous and well-known politicians and cultural man of the Timurid era . His unique political and cultural perspective gave him a special position in Iranian cultural history. Investigating different aspects of his unique character is the subject of this paper . This paper by means of the historical research method reviews some of his great works such as : his influence on Turkish literature , his role in spreading Iranian culture beyond Iran, providing the foundation for new schools of thought , and also writing different dictionaries . A study of historical records revealed that in one hand , Amir Ali-shir Nava’i was a pioneer and leading figure in Turkish literature and on the other hand , he had a prominent role in introducing Iranian culture into Turkish language tribes . the result of his work created close contacts between Iranian and Turkish culture . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - The family’s character study in Ardavirafnameh
ali rabizadeh میرزا محمد حسنیArdavirafnameh is a Pahlavi text ‘ that written in the sasanian period between 1400 or 1700 years ago .This book is about one clergyman that went to paradise and hell by eating the kind of drink. This person came back from the paradise and heel after 7 days later MoreArdavirafnameh is a Pahlavi text ‘ that written in the sasanian period between 1400 or 1700 years ago .This book is about one clergyman that went to paradise and hell by eating the kind of drink. This person came back from the paradise and heel after 7 days later and told his story about what he seen. His name was Ardafiraf and his story written in the book that’s name is Ardavirafnameh. Ardavirafnameh is one of the famous books in Zoroaster religion. . Ardavirafnameh has 101 parts and 26 parts of them is about the family In this article' we study about The family’s character in Ardavirafnameh And we found The gravity of family in Ardavirafnameh and the best place of women’s in this book ,according this research family’s character in Ardavirafnameh is match with family’s character in sasanian period . ‘for this research we used straps and library re searching . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Failing a course: A diary case study of an Iranian EFL student
Alireza Bonyadi -
Open Access Article
84 - Do teacher-parent relationships have any impact on EFL language proficiency
Mehdi Latif -
Open Access Article
85 - A Comparison of Professional Knowledge between Expert and Novice Iranian EFL Teachers at Iranian Language Institutes and Universities
Mahbubeh Yazdanpanah Rahman Sahragard -
Open Access Article
86 - The Effect of Explicit Theme-based Instruction on the Vocabulary Learning Performance of Iranian EFL Learners
Parastoo Alizadeh Oghyanous -
Open Access Article
87 - Impact Rating of Social Responsibility on Investors’ Estimates of Company Fundamental Value
Habib Olah ْGarousi Naser Izadinia Mohsen DastgirThe goal of this research is to investigate the impact rate of social responsibility on investors’ estimates of company fundamental value. Given the lack of ranking of companies in terms of social responsibility in iran for determine the rate of social responsibil MoreThe goal of this research is to investigate the impact rate of social responsibility on investors’ estimates of company fundamental value. Given the lack of ranking of companies in terms of social responsibility in iran for determine the rate of social responsibility of companies admitted to Tehran Stock Exchange and OTC securities, a questionnaire consisting of 130 questions in nine main level that included:1-economic level, 2-social participation,3-corporate governance, 4- human rights and meritocracy,5- environmental and sustainable development,6-religious,7-products,8-ethics(organizational,professional,social),9-cultural was used.The data of this research is cross-sectional and the statistical population of the study is all the Tehran stock exchange and OTC securities whose financial statements are available in 2016. The test of hypotheses has been done in experimental study for investigating the effect of social responsibility rating on estimation of investors from fundamental value of company. The estimation of fundamental value of 319 Companies there have been by use of the penman residual profit model (2009).To test the hypotheses, a multivariate regression model, paired t-test and wald test were used. The findings show that investors with awareness of the social responsibility rating can be more accurate estimate of the fundamental values of their company. In other words, the estimation of investors without awareness of the social responsibility rating and using traditional financial statements is more (less) than the firm's actual value when the performance of social responsibility is negative (positive). Inconclusion, corporate social responsibility in decision-making has time Information and is part of relevant information on the decision-making by investors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Identify solutions to overcome barriers to women's job improvement in governmental organizations(Case Study: Tax Qazvin)
Zohreh Maleki Mohammad AtaeeThe present study aimed at identify ways to remove barriers to women’s job development in governmental organizations. Variables of this research include develop organizational justice, training courses for Learning management skills, Strengthen self confidence, St MoreThe present study aimed at identify ways to remove barriers to women’s job development in governmental organizations. Variables of this research include develop organizational justice, training courses for Learning management skills, Strengthen self confidence, Strengthen risk-taking, presence of informal communication networks, participation of women in decision-making and women’s job development. The present research was functional in terms of purpose. The data was gathered using questionnaire and simple random sampling of questionnaire and field approach. The sample population in this study consisted of all female employees State Tax Organization of Qazvin and about 123 acceptable samples was collected. The data analysis was done using Chi-Square test and one-sample t-test in SPSS software . The results show that there is a significant relationship between develop organizational justice, training courses for Learning management skills, Strengthen self confidence, Strengthen risk-taking, presence of informal communication networks, participation of women in decision-making and women’s career development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Ranking and selecting traditional performance appraisal methods using a hybrid MCDM approach
Abteen Ijadi Maghsoodi Mohamad Khalilzade Ashkan HafezalkotobPerformance appraisal is one of the key factors in optimization and improvement of organizational processes. In present dynamic environment’s Human Resources are one of the main organizations valuable assets and performance evaluations of these great assets are to MorePerformance appraisal is one of the key factors in optimization and improvement of organizational processes. In present dynamic environment’s Human Resources are one of the main organizations valuable assets and performance evaluations of these great assets are to enhance their future value. Therefore, selection and implementation of specific performance appraisal method is of high importance. In this research, after selecting and ranking the most accurate Performance appraisal method with multiple criteria decision making techniques such as TOPSIS, Multi-MOORA and Entropy-weighted multi-MOORA methods, a comparison and analysis between Performance appraisal methods discussed. In order to select a specific method of performance appraisal, Characteristics and criterion of each method analyzed in the current literature review. A comparison between modern MCDM methods such as Multi-MOORA and traditional MCDM methods like TOPSIS and SAW takes place by analyzing the correlation between methods with Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Subsequently, in current research by adopting MCDM methods ranking of popular performance appraisal due to the library research computed. Comparing traditional methods (i.e. TOPSIS and SAW) with Modern method such as multi-MOORA shows high correlation of approaches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - The Relation of Competitive Intelligence and Strategic Marketing Relationship with Karafarin Bank Customers’ Loyalty
Bahman Ghiaszadeh Saeed Safarian Hamedani Fatemeh Taheri Fatemeh TaheriThis study examines the relationship between competitive intelligence and strategic relationship marketing with Karafarin Bank customers’ loyalty. The study method in the terms of functional goals and descriptive nature is based on correlational study methods. The MoreThis study examines the relationship between competitive intelligence and strategic relationship marketing with Karafarin Bank customers’ loyalty. The study method in the terms of functional goals and descriptive nature is based on correlational study methods. The statical population of recent study is consisted of all customers who use the services of Karafarin Bank in Tehran. The sample size was 384 using the formula of unlimited population Based on random cluster sampling method. The data were collected by questionnaires based on desk and field research methods. The questionnaires’ Content validity were approved by the thesis and consulting advisors and to determine the reliability, Cronbach’s alpha was resulted 0.94 for competitive intelligence ,0.95 for strategic relationship marketing and 0.94 for loyalty. Research data were analyzed with the help of Lisrel software and were evaluated with descriptive, inferential and statistical tests. The study’s results show that the competitive intelligence components including knowledge of market situation, competition and social awareness have a direct and considerable relation with customers’ loyalty while there is not such a relation for technical and tactical components. In addition, the results show a direct relation between being unique, changing brand’s cost, satisfaction, trust, visual communication and feeling pleasure which are all strategic relationship marketing components with customers’ loyalty while emotional satisfaction and privileges are not like that. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - The effect of the influencing factors on quality standards of streetscaps; an analysis of Tehran’s first rigon streetscape
Roja Arjomandnia Heidar Jahanbakhsh Maryam Cheshmeghasabani Mohammadreza Mehrabani GolzarUrban facades play an important role in increasing the visual quality of the city and achieving visual pleasure. For this reason, the role of urban facades as the main elements of the facade can be seen. Elements of urban facades, along with designing methods, the struc MoreUrban facades play an important role in increasing the visual quality of the city and achieving visual pleasure. For this reason, the role of urban facades as the main elements of the facade can be seen. Elements of urban facades, along with designing methods, the structure of a single façade, and at the end, all the facades make a streetscape. The current research method is descriptive-analytical and generally is a hybrid research method that uses the paradigm of pragmatism. First, by inductive reasoning, the frequency of design components in the theories of 23 urban design theorists was collected. Then, the components of Tehran Region 1 municipal rules were added to other components. Using content analysis, the main indicators of the research have been categorized by the Q operating system method. In the experimental part, the open unstructured interview technique and the Delphi method were used as research tools to form the conceptual framework. The subjects of the first stage of the research included ten specialists and professors in architecture and urban design who were selected by snowball method. The components were categorized into three general categories: design components, design methods, and streetscape design norms to determine the hierarchy of streetscape design. In the next step, the research indicators were tested. A questionnaire containing 30 questions with a 7-option scale answer was given to 54 architecture and urban planning experts. In this questionnaire, the importance of each component has been discussed. Statistical information was collected from the given answers, and different statistical methods and tests were used to conclude using SPSS22 software. First, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for the reliability of the questionnaire. Then, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to check the normality of the data. Finally, the conceptual framework model was structurally compared with the help of Friedman's scoring test, and the statistical results were categorized and presented. Among the design components of the facade, there were 12 components. The precision in the design of these components is effective in achieving the desired streetscape. The most effective was the ground floor design to create harmony between the facades. The second important component was the precision in the design of the side facades of the buildings to have the desired streetscape. It is reminded that these side bodies (by the excuse of having neighbors in the future), without design or matching with the rest of the facades, make the buildings without design and cause inconsistency in the entire urban streetscape. Form and shape, design details and filled and empty surfaces were other effective components on the streetscape. Filled and empty surfaces, ground-level lines, openings, and facade lines were ranked fifth to eighth in importance. Skyline, material, color, pattern, and desired repetition were ranked 9th to 12th in importance. Factors were used to categorize and draw conclusions from statistical information from SPSS22 software. The research findings show that: • Using suitable façade design methods, façade design components can be transformed into a desirable streetscape with harmony, unity, and continuity, which are called streetscape design norms in this article. • The Urban streetscape norms include harmony, unity, and continuity. • The effect of the “ground floor design” component (with an average rating of 8.02) on improving the physical quality of urban streetscape is ranked first. • The “Side facades” component (with an average rating of 7.94) is ranked second. • The “Form and shape” component (with an average rating of 7.56) ranks third. • The “Design details” component (with an average rating of 6.98) is ranked fourth. • The “full and empty levels” component (with an average rating of 6.59) ranks fifth. • The “ground level line” component (with an average rating of 6.57) ranks sixth. • The “openings” component (with an average rating of 6.46) ranks seventh. • The “Outline” component (with an average rating of 6.41) ranks eighth. • The “Skyline” component (with an average rating of 6.36) ranks ninth. • The “Materials” component (with an average rating of 5.39) is ranked tenth. • The “Color” component (an average: 4.88) is ranked 11th. • The “Pattern and Repetition” component ( an average: 4.83) ranks twelfth. So, the most influential components belong to the design of the ground floor and the side facades of the buildings, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Analysis of courtyard function in natural ventilation of traditional houses of coastal hot and dry climate using CFD technique (Case Study: Dehdashti Edifice in Bushehr City)
malihe taghipour Neda ghahraman izadi Hamid Eskandari khosro movahedThe essence of the spatial organization of traditional houses in Iran's hot and humid climate should be found in the pattern of the central courtyard. An integrated and integrated structure that provides appropriate answers for the material and spiritual life of it MoreThe essence of the spatial organization of traditional houses in Iran's hot and humid climate should be found in the pattern of the central courtyard. An integrated and integrated structure that provides appropriate answers for the material and spiritual life of its residents over the years. Due to the lack of documented and systematic researches in examining and analyzing the characteristics, typology, classification, function and effect of the geometric shape of the central courtyard on the natural ventilation of the interior of hot and dry coastal climates, this research investigates the geometric structure and various types of the central courtyard in Bushehr traditional houses from the perspective of Climatic and factors affecting the behavior of natural ventilation. Therefore, the study of the form of the yard was done with the assumption that by changing the geometric shape of the yard, can control the velocity, local mean age of air inside the room. In order to determine the most optimal mode of benefiting from the wind for natural ventilation in the interior spaces, the most common characteristics of Bushehr traditional houses in terms of the form of the yard and room, the location of the openings and the classification of floors was classified in 9 different types. 9 different types of combination of geometric shapes of vertical rectangle, square and horizontal rectangle for the form of courtyard and room, 4 different modes of aligned and non-aligned openings and three height levels of ground floor, first floor and second floor, a total of 108 different simulation modes have been considered. In this article, by using a combined research method and using an experimental strategy, independent variables affecting the quality of natural ventilation were first identified, dependent variables were measured by precise digital devices in a case study (Dehdashti Building) and its data was used for software validation. In continuation and after typology of the yard, by cfd method and using Autodesk CFD 2018 software, 9 different types of combination of room and yard in the form of vertical rectangle, square and horizontal rectangle, in 3 height levels of ground floor, first and second floor was simulated. And it was analyzed based on the three components of "velocity", "local mean age of air". The shape of the yard, the shape of the room and the ratio of mass to space are considered as independent variables and the quality of air flow inside the room (velocity and life of air) is considered as a dependent variable. The findings show that with the increase in the length-to-width ratio of the rectangle from 1.15 to 1.3, in the case of a vertical rectangle, the velocity in the room first increases and then decreases, but in a horizontal rectangle, the velocity follows a more uniform trend. Since the more elongated shapes of 1/2 and 1/3 are less common for central courtyards and create tighter ventilation conditions, as a result, 1.1/3 proportions are desirable in real examples and this ratio has the amount of elongation which is necessary for good ventilation. In terms of Air flow speed: The contours show that vertical rectangular courtyards are the most optimal form of courtyards in terms of velocity, which has a relative advantage over square courtyards and has a better performance by a large difference compared to horizontal rectangular courtyards. According to Local mean age of air: The data shows that vertical rectangular courtyards with a small difference compared to the square and with a large difference compared to the horizontal rectangle have a shorter air life and fresher air quality. in general, considering the life of the air, the types of "vertical rectangular yard" have the most optimal air circulation in the yard and the types of "vertical rectangular yard" and "square yard" have the most optimal quality. Provides fresh air in the room. Meanwhile, type number 2 provides the most optimal quality of natural ventilation. From the direction of the pattern of wind movement in the yard, it can be said that in most species. The ground floor shows better air quality in the room, but with the increase in height, all three components increase. Key words: Natural ventilation, courtyard form, room form, opening, CFD method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Development of a package of married life values and the effectiveness of its education on marital disputes and psychological well-being of women with marital dissatisfaction
Elaheh Sarfarazi Samaneh TababaeeThe aim of this study was to develop a package of married life values and its effectiveness on marital Disputes and psychological well-being of women with marital dissatisfaction. The research was conducted by combined method (qualitative-quantitative). After reviewing MoreThe aim of this study was to develop a package of married life values and its effectiveness on marital Disputes and psychological well-being of women with marital dissatisfaction. The research was conducted by combined method (qualitative-quantitative). After reviewing the written scientific sources, a semi-structured interview with 10 psychologists, an educational package was developed. The content validity of the package based on Lawshe index is 0.94. quantitative part of women with marital dissatisfaction in Mashhad, 30 people were selected using purposive methods and randomly divided into two groups (experimental and control groups). The research instruments included the Sanaei Marital Conflict Questionnaire (2000) and the Ryff Psychological Well being Questionnaire (1989). Based on the components extracted from scientific texts and interviews with psychologists, the developed package includes teaching the values of couples and individuals, prioritizing life values, expressing conflict of values and living in line with values, which was taught during 8 one-hour sessions. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software using analysis of covariance The results showed that educating the values of life has reduced couples' Disputesand all its dimensions except financial separation from each other and increased psychological well-being and all its dimensions in women with marital dissatisfaction (p≤0.05). As a result, psychologists and counselors can use this training package to enrich life of married women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - An Absolute Power of Attorney of Woman in Divorce: Creating a balance in the effect of the couple's will in divorce
Negar ShomaliIn contrast to marriage, which depends on the will of the couple, divorce is a right given to the man. And this duality in the influence of the will of each couple has led to the emergence of deep-rooted issues in Iranian jurisprudence and law. The structure of the curr MoreIn contrast to marriage, which depends on the will of the couple, divorce is a right given to the man. And this duality in the influence of the will of each couple has led to the emergence of deep-rooted issues in Iranian jurisprudence and law. The structure of the current research is based on the etiology statement of the necessity of the woman's absolute power of attorney in divorce, the possibility or impossibility of the woman's power of attorney, the evolution of divorce regulations in Iranian law, and finally, the interpretation of the couple's will regarding the power of the woman in divorce. Also, in the field of theoretical framework, before dealing with the approach of the legislator of our country, the views of jurisprudence against and in favor, which have been effective in the formation of the legislative attitude, have been carefully considered. Acknowledging the absolute right of a woman in divorce as a way to adjust the right to unilaterally dissolve the marriage contract compensates for some of the shortcomings of women's rights and also frees her from an inappropriate marriage; the maximum form of representation in divorce for a woman is representation that Based on that, the occurrence of divorce or its non-occurrence is granted to the woman In order for her to have independent authority, there is not any necessity to be a condition as the cause of divorce or the need to confirm it by the court. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - The Study of the Semantic Aspects of Togh in the Contemporary Visual Arts of Iran (Case study of painting - visual communication - drawing)
Tila Asgharzadeh Mansoury Mohammad Aref Parnaz GoodarzparvariThe aim of the present study is to discover the relationship between the Alamat (as an example of Iranian-Islamic metal handicrafts) and the religious visual arts in recent years. The Toogh (collar) has long been one of the special tools for mourning the Seyyed al-shoha MoreThe aim of the present study is to discover the relationship between the Alamat (as an example of Iranian-Islamic metal handicrafts) and the religious visual arts in recent years. The Toogh (collar) has long been one of the special tools for mourning the Seyyed al-shohada in Iranian Islamic culture and civilization. In the ninth and tenth centuries AH, we can see the Toogh in Iranian paintings. Later in the Pahlavi era, it was so prominent in the paintings of the Saqakhaneh school as an element of the folkloric art of the Iranian people. But after the Islamic Revolution of Iran, especially in recent years, we can see the Alamat in the drawings of various sub-branches of visual communication (such as posters, illustration, logos, etc.), paintings, decoration, jewelry designs and fashion and clothing.The present study tries to answer questions such as how the Alamat is presented in these art works and the semantics of the different forms of these symbols in combination with other works of visual arts.The data is collected through library and field research method and the result shows that in recent years, Ashura symbols have had some changes, in addition to their main uses (mourning tools), and have taken on new functions and are more prominent in religious graphics than other items. In addition, it has been one of the main elements in designing religious jewelry called "religious plaque" and is generally considered as one of the main symbols of Shiite art in the world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - The civilians’ rights in Islamic government: reviewing the verdict of apostasy because of its repetition
Abdollah Bagheri seyyed Mohamadsadegh Aahmadi gholamhossien masoodAs far as the penalty of the apostasy is concerned, in case of the repetition of the crime by the accused people, there is a debate among Imamieh religious scholars. The majority of the jurisprudents believe that in case of the repletion of the crime in the fourth MoreAs far as the penalty of the apostasy is concerned, in case of the repetition of the crime by the accused people, there is a debate among Imamieh religious scholars. The majority of the jurisprudents believe that in case of the repletion of the crime in the fourth time, the death penalty is unavoidable. On the contrary, other religious scholars are of the different on the issue. The present study, adopting an analytic and critical stance, has answered the question whether there is a sufficient evidence for accusing the people in the second or third and even the fourth time of apostasy to be sentenced to death penalty or not? The present study capitalizing on Iranian constitution which recommends that we should refer to the Islamic jurisprudence. The present study recommends that not to perform the death penalty in case of repeating the crime considering the fact the in Islamic punishment law, the crime has not been formalized Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - The effect of Telegram on women's political participation (Investigating the attitude of Tehrani female users regarding the effect of Telegram on women's political participation at the middle level).
AKRAM Abbasniya Mahboubeh Paknia SEYED ALI MORTAZAVIANHuman life has changed a lot in all aspects since the innovation of the internet in the world. These changes include not only personal details and human characteristics such as behavior, habits and ways of thinking, but also great circumstances such as the evolution of MoreHuman life has changed a lot in all aspects since the innovation of the internet in the world. These changes include not only personal details and human characteristics such as behavior, habits and ways of thinking, but also great circumstances such as the evolution of decision- making methods and vital actions both political and international.In recent years, the cyber space effects and the treatment of people in the cyber space have drawn the attention of the specialists in the area of political actions. The main goal of this article is to examine the effect of Telegram on political participation of the middle class women in Tehran. By the middle class, we mean a class higher than the low class in which the participations are only voters in political elections and lower than the high class in which the participations are high rates of management and decision- making process. In the middle class, participations are moderate employee women in government departments, active women, women parties assembles and nongovernment organizations. In conceptual model used, is a combination of three media theories: including cultivation theory(Gerbner),public sphere theory(Habermas) and political participation’s indicators theory(rush). The achieve results confirm the positive effect of Telegram on political participation of women users in middle level in Tehran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Influence of ISIS in Central Asia and its Impact on Iran's National Security
Zahra Tavakoli Kayhan Barzegar Majid Tavasoli roknabadiIn this study, the dangers of ISIS's Influence in Central Asia and its impact on Iran's national security are examined. Failed and fragile states in Central Asia do not have the ability to promote prosperity, security, education, and awareness for their people. As a res MoreIn this study, the dangers of ISIS's Influence in Central Asia and its impact on Iran's national security are examined. Failed and fragile states in Central Asia do not have the ability to promote prosperity, security, education, and awareness for their people. As a result, conditions are ripe for the people to lean towards extremism. Due to the presence of takfiri extremism on the western borders of Iran (Iraq and Syria), there are serious risks of this spreading to its eastern borders in Central Asia. Despite the existing hegemony between Iran and Russia and their mutual efforts to stop this current in the region, should the extremism on both sides of its borders join hands, Iran’s security will be seriously compromised in three ways to face serious challenges. Firstly, the extremism will span on its northern, eastern, and western borders; secondly, regional and trans-regional actors will use takfiri extremism for their strategic rivalries; and thirdly, a worsening case in Afghanistan will impact Iran’s security. Thus, focusing on “Regional and trans-regional convergence” can be the most important strategy for Iran to deal with this phenomenon. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Soft Power and Asymmetric Action in Iran's Strategic Policy
masomeh reshad Afsaneh ReshadSoft power is one of the main indicators of Iran's foreign and security policies. Historical experience shows that revolutionary political systems always use the indicators of soft power to improve their regional and international position. Ideology and identity are amo MoreSoft power is one of the main indicators of Iran's foreign and security policies. Historical experience shows that revolutionary political systems always use the indicators of soft power to improve their regional and international position. Ideology and identity are among the main signs of soft power. When ideology is placed in the space of social, regional and international action, it turns into identity. Therefore, one of the main characteristics of Iran's soft power is production of identity. The use of soft power in Iran's foreign policy is laced with the indicators related to the export of the revolution. Asymmetric action can be considered as one of the main indicators of the behavior of revolutionary players in world politics. The export of revolution is considered as one of the signs of asymmetric action. Organization and leading of the Resistance Front will be the main pivot of asymmetric action in Iran’s strategic policy. Taking such signs into consideration, the question of this research is as follows: What are the features of soft power and asymmetric action in Iran’s strategic policy and in what process will it be materialized? The hypothesis of the present paper is: Soft power and asymmetric action in Iran’s strategic policy will be a dependent of the necessities of the identity of resistance in the regional environment. Barry Buzan’s structure, identity model has been used in this research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - The Impact of Iran’s Nuclear Activities on Security Convergence Among the Members of Persian Gulf Cooperation Council (PGCC)
ahmad Doostmohammadi Abdolazim Ghobeishi Yaser Moradi AbbasabadiIn the last several decades, the Persian Gulf region has become a paramount issue of international security. Various factors, such as energy resources, regional competition and the interest of super powers in the region have been the causes of convergence and/or diverge MoreIn the last several decades, the Persian Gulf region has become a paramount issue of international security. Various factors, such as energy resources, regional competition and the interest of super powers in the region have been the causes of convergence and/or divergence in the foreign policy of Persian Gulf Countries. Recently, however, a new dimension, Iran’s nuclear activities, has been added to the above referred factors creating a further confliction ground to already existing turbulent region. The purpose of this study is to show how the believe of the United States that Iran hides its real intention of opting for atomic weaponry under the pretext of atomic activity for merely energy production and peaceful use of it has pushed the region into a new security phase. Thus, by accusing Iran’s purpose of nuclear activity to be directed toward obtaining nuclear weaponry, the United States in fact trying to enhance its own and Israel’s interest in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - چالشهای آموزش و ارزیابی زبان انگلیسی در دبیرستانهای ایران
غلامرضا عباسیان فاطمه خادم پیرتغییر رویکرد در آموزش زبان سبب شده است که بسیاری از کشورها از جمله ایران دست به اصلاحات بنیادین در برنامه آموزش زبان انگلیسی در نظام آموزش عمومی بزنند. لیکن، چنین روند نوید بخش در ایران چالشهای جدی در پی داشته استت بطوریکه انجام چنین تحقیقاتی را ضرورت Moreتغییر رویکرد در آموزش زبان سبب شده است که بسیاری از کشورها از جمله ایران دست به اصلاحات بنیادین در برنامه آموزش زبان انگلیسی در نظام آموزش عمومی بزنند. لیکن، چنین روند نوید بخش در ایران چالشهای جدی در پی داشته استت بطوریکه انجام چنین تحقیقاتی را ضرورت بخشیده است. این مطالعه با مشارکت 70 نفر معلم زبان و 70 نفر دانش آموز به هدف بررسی چالشهای اجرای آموزش بر اساس شیوه ارتباطی هم از منظر دانش آموزشی معلمین و هم از جنبه ارزیابی تحصیلی صورت گرفت. این دو متغیر و سه بعد هر کدام بر اساس مدل PLSM مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند که یافته ها موید همبستگی متفاوت سه بعد داتش ارتباطی و نیز دانش ارزیابی به ترتیب نسبت به سازه های اصلی یعنی دانش ارتباطی و دانش ارزیابی بوده است. لیکن آزمون فرید من موید عدم سازگاری و تناسب ابعاد مذکور با اجرای برنامه می باشد. مقایسه پس-وقوعی نیز موید نگرش حداقلی تر معلمین نسبت به دانش آموزشی شیوه ارتباطی در مقایسه با دانش ارزیابی و ابعاد آن بوده است کما اینکه دانش و معلومات آنان در زمینه ویزگیهای شیوه ارتباطی نیز پایینتر می باشد، هر چند که تفاوت معناداری بین متغیر دانش آموزشی شیوه ارتباطی و جنبه دانش تهیه آزمونهای ارتباطی دیده نشد. البته مجموعا دانش فنون اجرای شیوه ارتباطی نیز در مقایسه با سه جنبه مختلف ارزیابی شامل آزمون سازی، دانش آزمونهای ارتباطی و دانش خاص تهیه و تدوین آزمونهای ارتباطی پاینتر ارزیابی می شود. مجموعا نوعی عدم تطابق و سازگاری بین دانش آموزش و ارزیابی شیوه ارتباطی آموزش زبان به عنوان چالشهای اجرایی و ارزیابی برنامه درسی همچنان بقوت خود باقی هستند که مستلزم برنامه ریزیهای اساسی در حیطه تربیت معلم زبان می باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - دیدگاه ها و نگرانیهای معلمان در پیاده سازی کتاب جدید انگلیسی سال اول دوره متوسطه اول در مدارس دولتی ایران
مرضیه اسدی غلام رضا کیانیتغییر کتاب درسی زبان انگلیسی سال اول دوره متوسطه اول در مدارس دولتی ایران بعد از 27 سال انگیزه محققان را برای ارزشیابی کتاب درسی جدید به منظور آگاهی از نقاط ضعف و قوت آن برانگیخت. در راستای این روند، این مطالعه با هدف ارزشیابی کتاب درسی جدید (پراسپکت 1) از دیدگاه معلمان Moreتغییر کتاب درسی زبان انگلیسی سال اول دوره متوسطه اول در مدارس دولتی ایران بعد از 27 سال انگیزه محققان را برای ارزشیابی کتاب درسی جدید به منظور آگاهی از نقاط ضعف و قوت آن برانگیخت. در راستای این روند، این مطالعه با هدف ارزشیابی کتاب درسی جدید (پراسپکت 1) از دیدگاه معلمان انجام شد. برای دستیابی به این هدف، ،با 30 نفر از معلمان زبان انگلیسی سال اول دوره متوسطه اول مصاحبه به عمل آمد و داده ها توسط روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی تحلیل شد. نتایج نشان داد که از نظر معلمان، برخی از مشکلات کتاب درسی جدید استفاده از روش نامناسب آموزش الفبا، بومی سازی بیش ازحد محتوا، توجه بیش از حد به مهارتهای ارتباطی، نادیده گرفتن توسعه توانش بین فرهنگی در دانش آموزان، و عدم واقعی بودن در ارائه محتوا بودند. در نهایت به عنوان چهره های محوری در فرآیند تغییر آموزش، معلمان برای اصلاح کتاب جدید به امید این که صدایشان توسط مسولان مربوط شنیده شود پیشنهادهایی ارائه دادند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - عقاید مدرسان با تجربه و تازه کار در مورد استقلال یادگیرنده
سمیرا بشیری نسرین حدیدی تمجید زهره سیفوریاستقلال یادگیرنده به عنوان هدف نهایی در تبیین برنامه های آموزشی در بسیاری اززبانها از دهه سوم قرن بیستم معرفی شده است؛ و مدرسان به تاثیربرجسته نقش ارتقا استقلال یادگیرنده در فرایند آموزش و یادگیری زبان انگلیسی تاکید دارند. با این وجود، تعداد بسیار محدودی از مطالعات انجا Moreاستقلال یادگیرنده به عنوان هدف نهایی در تبیین برنامه های آموزشی در بسیاری اززبانها از دهه سوم قرن بیستم معرفی شده است؛ و مدرسان به تاثیربرجسته نقش ارتقا استقلال یادگیرنده در فرایند آموزش و یادگیری زبان انگلیسی تاکید دارند. با این وجود، تعداد بسیار محدودی از مطالعات انجام گرفته در این حوزه به بررسی معنا و مفهوم استقلال یادگیرنده از دیدگاه مدرسان پرداخته اند. مطالعه حاضر به بررسی این مفهوم و عقاید مدرسان تازه کار و با تجربه درمورد استقلال یادگیرنده پرداخته است. تعداد 40 نفر از مدرسان زبان انگلیسی در دو گروه تازه کار و باتجربه و براساس سابقه تدریسشان در این مطالعه شرکت داشتند. یک پرسشنامه که از شورای آموزشی بریتانیا اقتباس شده، استفاده شد تا میزان اعتقاد مدرسان به استقلال یادگیرنده مورد سنجش قرار بگیرد. نتایج حاصل از بررسی داده ها نشان داد که تفاوت معنی داری بین عقاید مدرسان تازه کار و باتجربه در مورد استقلال یادگیرنده وجود دارد. یاقته های مطالعه حاضر می تواند برای مدرسان در به کارگیری و ارتقا استقلال یادگیرنده در کلاسهایشان بطور کلی و در درگیر نمودن زبان آموزان در فرایند آموزش و یادگیری زبان انگلیسی به صورت ویژه مورد استفاده قرارگیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - تدوین و روایی سازی پرسشنامه ارزشیابی بکارگیری سخن کاوی نقادانه میان معلمین زبان
حمید مرعشی ندا احمدیتحقیق حاضر پژوهشی برای بررسی کاربرد سخن کاوی نقادانه توسط معلمین زبان انگلیسی در ایران در حین تدریس زبان است. بدین منظور، بعد از مطالعه منابع موجود در این زمینه پرسشنامه ای متشکل از 27 سوال طراحی شده و بین 120 نفر از معلمین زبان انگلیسی در چند آموزشگاه زبان در تهران پخش Moreتحقیق حاضر پژوهشی برای بررسی کاربرد سخن کاوی نقادانه توسط معلمین زبان انگلیسی در ایران در حین تدریس زبان است. بدین منظور، بعد از مطالعه منابع موجود در این زمینه پرسشنامه ای متشکل از 27 سوال طراحی شده و بین 120 نفر از معلمین زبان انگلیسی در چند آموزشگاه زبان در تهران پخش شد. بدین ترتیب در طی فرایند آماری مشخص، ابتدا پایایی پرسشنامه محاسبه شده و سپس روایی ساختاری آن از طریق تحلیل فاکتور مشخص شد. متعاقب محاسبات روایی، مقایسات درون گروهی (با توجه به عوامل جمعیتی جنسیت، سن و تحصیلات) انجام شد و نحوه پاسخگویی زیرگروههای مختلف نمونه 120 نفری بررسی گشت. پیامدهای کاربرد چنین ابزاری میان معلمین زبان انگلیسی و همچنین پیشنهاداتی برای مطالعات بعدی در مقاله بحث شده اند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - رابطه بین انواع شخصیت ، انگیزه و موفقیت زبانی زبان آموزان سطح پیشرفنه ایرانی
مرضیه ابراهیمی Mohammad Heidarypurعوامل عاطفی، به عنوان مهمترین عوامل درمطالعات یادگیری زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان دوم و به عنوان زبان خارجی به شمار می آیند. این عوامل موثر عبارتند از انگیزه، اعتماد به نفس، اضطراب و غیره. تحقیق و پژوهش در ویژگی های یادگیرندگان برای بیش از یک قرن در جریان بوده است. در اد Moreعوامل عاطفی، به عنوان مهمترین عوامل درمطالعات یادگیری زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان دوم و به عنوان زبان خارجی به شمار می آیند. این عوامل موثر عبارتند از انگیزه، اعتماد به نفس، اضطراب و غیره. تحقیق و پژوهش در ویژگی های یادگیرندگان برای بیش از یک قرن در جریان بوده است. در ادامه این مطالعات ، مطالعه پژوهش حاضر ، تلاش در کاوش نوع شخصیت و انگیزه زبان آموزان ایرانی دارد. در این مطالعه، نوع شخصیت و انگیزه دانشجویان با استفاده از شاخص Myers- Briggs و پرسشنامه انگیزه "لین"مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. به این منظور، 60 زبان آموز از یکی از موسسات زبان در مشهد- ایران به عنوان شرکت کنندگان در این مطالعه انتخاب شدند. با توزیع دو ابزار در میان یادگیرندگان زبان خارجی و با توجه به نمرات ترم گذشته آنها اطلاعات گردآوری و با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS آنالیز شد. نتایج تحلیل همبستگی رابطه معنی داری بین انگیزه، شخصیت و موفقیت دانش آموزان نشان داد..از تحلیل رگرسیون چندگانه نیز برای بررسی قدرت ارتباط بین متغیرها استفاده شد که در میان این عوامل عاطفی، نوع شخصیت به عنوان بهترین پیش بینی کننده موفقیت دانش آموز تشخیص داده شد. کاربردهای آموزشی و پیشنهادات برای تحقیقات آتی نیز در تحقیق ارائه شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - آموزش داربستی نگارش پیشرفته از طریق چهارچوبهای نوشتاری
سارا صالح پور Nasrin Hadidi بیوک بهنامیادگیری نگارش انگلیسی همواره مانع بسیار بزرگی برای زبان آموزان بوده است. در تلاشی جهت کاهش مشکلاتی که زبان اموزان انگلیسی در سطح پیشرفته در نگارش دارند تحقیق حاضر بر آن شد تا تاثیر آموزش داربستی را از طریق چهارچوبهای نگارش که از گروههای مبسوط واژگانی از پیش ساخته ایجاد Moreیادگیری نگارش انگلیسی همواره مانع بسیار بزرگی برای زبان آموزان بوده است. در تلاشی جهت کاهش مشکلاتی که زبان اموزان انگلیسی در سطح پیشرفته در نگارش دارند تحقیق حاضر بر آن شد تا تاثیر آموزش داربستی را از طریق چهارچوبهای نگارش که از گروههای مبسوط واژگانی از پیش ساخته ایجاد شده اند را بررسی کند. برای این منظور 40 زبان آموز دختر در سطح پیشرفته که از میان یک جمعیت 65 نفری انتخاب شده اند بطور تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایشی و کنترل قرار گرفتند. به شرکت کننگان در هر دو گروه یک پیش آزمون قبل از دادن هر گونه آموزشی به آنان و یک پس آزمون نگارش بعد از20 جلسه آموزش داربستی داده شد. نتایج نشان داد که شرکت کنندگان در گروه آموزشی بدلیل برخورداری از آموزش داربستی بهتر از گروه کنترل عمل کردند. روی هم رفته نتیجه گیری می شود که آموزش داربستی از طریق چهارچوبهای نگارش می تواند وسیله مفیدی برای کمک به زبان آموزان سطح پیشرفته در بهبود کیفیت نگارش آنها باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Legal Bases of Compensation by the Government in Judge's Error
Hojat Azizollahi Ali Tavalaei Moein Farzaneh Vashareh AbolReza Mohammad HosseinzadehImamieh jurisprudents disagree about judge's responsibility, the liability of public treasury, lack of responsibility, when the judge's decision is void. Since the source of judge’s error can be different. The sentencing of responsibility or lack thereof is not th MoreImamieh jurisprudents disagree about judge's responsibility, the liability of public treasury, lack of responsibility, when the judge's decision is void. Since the source of judge’s error can be different. The sentencing of responsibility or lack thereof is not the same in all cases. If the source of error is lewdness of witnesses so that after the testimony and issuing the sentence, the judge becomes aware of the fact that witnesses had been lawed. Then four theories are presented. The preferred theory is the responsibility of public treasury based on the principle of respect for Muslim blood. Also, if the source of the error is judge’s default on the subject matter or adaptation of the ruling on it, the public treasury will be the guarantor, unlike the case in which the judge neglects in a judgment and thus he will be the guarantor. Dominant jurists of Imamieh have also extended the sentencing of warranty to non-convicts. If the executioner's error in executing a judge's sentence is due to judge’s error, it will be like judge’s error. In financial cases, if an error is made while the object remains as the same, it will be returned to the original owner, and when it is perished, the person who has caused damage (the flashing) is liable, if the object has not yet reached the judge before delivery of the convicted. Otherwise, both of them become responsible because of pursuit of capture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Investigating the relationship of managers’ communicational skills with employees’ organizational commitment in Tehran rahboard Software Company
kamaleddin rahmaniThis study tries to investigate the relationship between the managers skills i.e. verbal, effective hearing, feedback skill and employees organizational commitment in Tehran rahboard Software Company. To do so the study, in addition to reviewing the available theories a MoreThis study tries to investigate the relationship between the managers skills i.e. verbal, effective hearing, feedback skill and employees organizational commitment in Tehran rahboard Software Company. To do so the study, in addition to reviewing the available theories about the organizational communication, commitment and the characteristics of effective communication, has investigated the effect of managers’ communicational skill in the organization. The research methodology was descriptive survey. The statistical population was all the employees in Tehran rahboard software which included 46 manager and 450 employee.Throught simple random sampling the statistical sample was 300 people. By the use of questionnaire and interview the data was collected and the reliability of %75 was obtained using cronbach alpha. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between manager’s communicational skills and their organizational commitment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - The Relationship between the Performance of Managers and Employees Stress: a study on the employees of public organizations in Kerman in 2012
Maryam Mohammad zadeh Behnaz Aflatoniyan Mahmod Nekoye Mogadam Behnoosh Aflatoniyan Tahere Mohamadi pour najibOrganizational stress, in addition to threatening employees’ health,adversely affects the quality and quantity of their performance. The aim ofthis study was to determine the relationship between the performance ofmanagers and employees’ stress in Kerman pub MoreOrganizational stress, in addition to threatening employees’ health,adversely affects the quality and quantity of their performance. The aim ofthis study was to determine the relationship between the performance ofmanagers and employees’ stress in Kerman public organizations. The studywas a descriptive-correlation study performed after stratified randomsampling. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed among theemployees. To determine the correlation, Spearman correlation test, toanalyze the data log–linear analysis, and to compare the variables chi-squaretest were used. Data analysis was performed through spss18. There was asignificant relationship between employees’ stress and the performance ofmanagers. Stress was significantly higher among female, married, olderemployees, those with educational level of bachelor and higher and thosewith less than 20 years job experience. Regarding the importance of humanresources in the development of societies and in order to achieve the goals ofhealth system and sustainable development, policy makers and humanresource managers could implement strategies to increase the efficiency ofresource managers and their ability to benefit from available resources moreefficiently. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - An Investigation of the Relationship between Quality of Work Life and Middle Managers’ Performance in Iran National Gas Company
Hamid Rahimiyan Ali najafiThis article studied the relationship between the quality of work life and middle managers’ performance. The statistical population included 180 middle managers, and Morgan table was used to select the research sample through stratified sampling technique. The sam MoreThis article studied the relationship between the quality of work life and middle managers’ performance. The statistical population included 180 middle managers, and Morgan table was used to select the research sample through stratified sampling technique. The sample size was 123, including 113 men and 10 women. Two questionnaires (quality of work life questionnaire with 29 questions and organizational performance questionnaire with 21 questions) whith high validity and reliability were used for data collection. The research is of descriptive – correlational type. The Pearson correlation coefficient revealed a significant correlation between all the work life quality variables and the middle managers’ performance. The Friedman test ranked the 6 variables of the quality of work life as follows: the work space and work design, participation in decision making, democracy in organization, training and education opportunities, salary and benefits, medical and welfare services. The results obtained from Kolmogorov – Smirnov test showed a normal distribution for the population. Finally, the results indicated that 20 percent of the middle managers’ performance is due to the work life quality components. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - A study of the employees’ obligation role in the relationship between abusive supervision and their innovative self-efficacy
Rahmatollah Marzooghi Elham HeidariA study of the employees’ obligation role in the relationship between abusive supervision and their innovative self-efficacy. The research method was correlational descriptive, using structural equations model. The sample included 214 employees of Fars Regional El MoreA study of the employees’ obligation role in the relationship between abusive supervision and their innovative self-efficacy. The research method was correlational descriptive, using structural equations model. The sample included 214 employees of Fars Regional Electricity Company, who were selected by random sampling method. The basic tools of this research included abusive supervision (Tipper, 2000), employees’ obligation (Schaufeli et al, 2006) and employees’ innovative self-efficacy scale (Tierney & Farmer, 2000; Dörner, 2012 which had good reliability and validity. Findings indicated that abusive supervision had a negative and significant effect on employees’ engagement. In addition, employees’ obligation had a positive and significant effect on innovative self-efficacy and had a mediating role in the relationship between abusive supervision and employees’ innovative self-efficacy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Explaining and Developing a Model for Determination and Evaluation of Factors that Affect Financial Reporting Quality Choice in Iran
Hashem Nikoomaram Younes Badavar NahandiThis research has determined and evaluated the factors that affect financial reporting quality choice in Iran. The statistical popultion of this research is companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE), and the research period is from 1378 to 1385. This research  MoreThis research has determined and evaluated the factors that affect financial reporting quality choice in Iran. The statistical popultion of this research is companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE), and the research period is from 1378 to 1385. This research is considered as an empirical accounting research, and causal-comparative and correlation research methods have been used to do it. In this research, correlation test, mean-difference test, and probit regression model have been used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. The results of unit-variable tests of hypotheses shows that, financial reporting quality is positively associated with the margin of profitability and managerial efficiency of the firm, and it is negatively associated with product market competition, managerial conservatism, size, capital intensity of business, operating cycle and complexity of the firm's operating environment. However, no association was found between financial reporting quality and growth opportunities, ownership concentration, board of directors structure, board of directors ownership, managerial integrity and financial leverage of the firm. Also, based on multi-variable tests, models were developed to predict the financial reporting quality of firms for the next financial period. These models are based on cumulative distribution function (CDF), and estimate the probability of high quality financial reporting for the next financial period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - A Study of the Causal Relationship between Entrepreneurship and Unemployment in the Industrial Sector of Iran
Mohammad bager Beheshti Mohammad Hassan Kheiravar Mohammad Hassan QazvinianToday, entrepreneurship is increasingly considered as an important tool of employment creation and unemployment reduction by economists and policymakers. Regarding the quality of this relationship, many ambiguities have become apparent in developed countries. Some studi MoreToday, entrepreneurship is increasingly considered as an important tool of employment creation and unemployment reduction by economists and policymakers. Regarding the quality of this relationship, many ambiguities have become apparent in developed countries. Some studies indicate that there is a positive relationship between unemployment and entrepreneurship. In other words, this group of studies states that any increase in unemployment will lead to increase in entrepreneurial activities. However, other studies support the presence of a negative relationship between variables and state that any increase in entrepreneurial activities will reduce the unemployment rate. This paper investigates the relationship between unemployment and entrepreneurship in the manufacturing sector of the country. The empirical results indicate the existence of one distinct relationship between these two variables in which entrepreneurship negatively affects unemployment. JEL Ranking: L11, M13 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - The Effect of Management Styles and Managers’ Personality Features on the Psychological Health of the Employees of State Organizations and Offices in Tehran
Mahmood Haggani Habib Azizi Abdol Hossein RasoolinezhadThis research deals with the effect of management styles and managers’ personality features on the psychological health of employees of state organizations and offices in Tehran. The main question is if there is a meaningful relation between management styles and MoreThis research deals with the effect of management styles and managers’ personality features on the psychological health of employees of state organizations and offices in Tehran. The main question is if there is a meaningful relation between management styles and managers’ personality features and the psychological health of employees of state organizations and offices. The research method is a descriptive one. The research population includes all the managers of state organizations and offices in Tehran. The research samples were chosen by Morgan Chart. The questionnaires used in this research are Lotans management style, personality features (NEO) and psychological health (GHQ), which have suitable validity coefficient. Finally, the hypotheses were tested by regression multi-hypothetical statistical model. The results show that there is a positive meaningful relation between management styles and personality features like conscientiousness and pleasantness and employees’ psychological health. Also, there is a negative meaningful relation between the neurotic feature and employees’ pychological health ( α = 0.01 ). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Violation of “A Criticism on Qasemi Gonabadi’s Leili and Majnun, Corrected by Dr. Zahra Ekhteyari”
زهرا اختیاریMasnavi of Layli and Majnun, written by Ghasemi Al-Hosayni Gonabadi (982 AD Deyar bakr), was published in 2014 by Zahra Ekhteyari’s introduction, correction and annotation. Two respectable students by claiming of description of verses, have written a criticism in MoreMasnavi of Layli and Majnun, written by Ghasemi Al-Hosayni Gonabadi (982 AD Deyar bakr), was published in 2014 by Zahra Ekhteyari’s introduction, correction and annotation. Two respectable students by claiming of description of verses, have written a criticism in less than 10 pages on it. This article is written to violate and criticize their scrip. They have claim of description, without describing even one verse. Their script is mostly incorrect, inefficient and long writing. Sometimes, they have quoted some parts of the corrector’s descriptions by their own names. In some cases, they have added a second meaning to some interpretations, whereas the corrector’s method is on balance and not on verbosity; so she consciously didn’t use different meanings of one interpretation. They also plagiarize from the introduction of the book, which the corrector has written. Their script is published in a journal which isn’t approved by Science Ministry. Verbosity and false reasoning, are the most important features of the script. Their criticisms aren’t based on scientific reasons, so I don’t accept them and I fairly presented my reasons. I advise these two students to read the book more carefully and fairly, also to study the methodology of correcting text, writing introduction and formatting text.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Investigating Womanliness in Women's' Contemporary Ode (Case Study: Najmeh Zareh, Kobra Musavi Ghahfarrokhi, Pantea Safayi)
Morteza Rashidi Hana MoaviThe way a poet looks at the world and connects with that, also their inner feelings, emotions, and utilizing a proper language to express these feelings specifies their style of poetry. This article tries to investigate the poets of Pantea Safayi, Kobra Musavi and Najme MoreThe way a poet looks at the world and connects with that, also their inner feelings, emotions, and utilizing a proper language to express these feelings specifies their style of poetry. This article tries to investigate the poets of Pantea Safayi, Kobra Musavi and Najmeh Zareh based on their thought and feminine language. To achieve this goal, feminine emotion in their poetry language has been studied at first. In all these poetry, love and human emotions are the main contents that organizes the content. Hope and disappointment can be observed in their poetry with different frequencies, at the same time. Effect of religious branch and religious beliefs have been investigated in their poems, also their creativity and imagination power with a feminine look has been explained. In the end, differences and similarities in their poets are mentioned considering their poetry content Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - The effect of external service quality on customer’s loyalty in hotel’s industry supply chain (Case Study: Parsian Hotels)
manizheh mollaei Ali Mohaghar Ezatollah Asgharizadeh -
Open Access Article
118 - Analyzing form and trend of spatial and physical development of Bojnord (Using quantitative methods)
Mohammad Reza Zamiri Mahin Nastaran Hamideh Mohammad Zade TitkanluDefinitely physical plans and chasing comprehensive development pattern in the development trend of cities has proven no successful and reliable results. Urban sprawl, wasting resources and increasing city management costs and urban services are some of these unpleasant MoreDefinitely physical plans and chasing comprehensive development pattern in the development trend of cities has proven no successful and reliable results. Urban sprawl, wasting resources and increasing city management costs and urban services are some of these unpleasant results. Therefore, it is necessary to study all aspects of city life. Spatial planning emphasizes distribution of population, activity and employment and land uses all over the city. Identifying form and trend of spatial development in cities beside the physical trend is a favorite topic for urban planners and managers. Introducing some quantitative indicators for evaluating compactness or sprawl in spatial development trends in cities is so important. Because there is not one definition for sprawl and without using some quantitative indicators, it’s impossible to evaluate and describe development of cities. For this purpose, global coefficient of Moran, coefficient of Geary and Shannon’s entropy have been used in this research. Results show that this coefficients and indicators can describe spatial development trend in cities and make evaluation of that trend quantitative and reliable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - The Molecular Mechanics Model of Carbon Allotropes
Mohsen Motamedi AMIRHOSSEIN NAGHDI -
Open Access Article
120 - The Molecular Mechanics Model of Carbon Allotropes
Mohsen Motamedi Amirhossein Naghdi -
Open Access Article
121 - Examining Iranian EFL Teachers’ Demotivating Factors: Years of teaching experience in focus
Najme Hojaji Hadi Salehi -
Open Access Article
122 - The Effect of Writing Feedback Techniques and Students’ Writing Anxiety on Students’ Essay Writing Ability
Annisa Astrid Dwi Rukmini Ahmad Sofwan Sri Fitriati -
Open Access Article
123 - Greeting Speech Act Forms in Iranian Junior High School Textbooks: Prospect Series vs Four Corners Series
Neda Sanie Hossein Vahid Dastjerdi -
Open Access Article
124 - An Ideological and Cultural Study of Taboo Terms Translation in English-Persian Dubbed Movies by IRIB
Ehsan Yaghoot Miandoab -
Open Access Article
125 - EFL Teachers’ Beliefs and Motivational Strategies
Hamid Marashi Nazanin Ramin -
Open Access Article
126 - Students’ Perceived Classroom Climate and Their Achievement Goal Orientations in an Iranian EFL Context
Saeedeh Mohammadi Mohammad Aliakbari -
Open Access Article
127 - Expert and Novice Iranian EFL Teachers’ Professional Knowledge at Iranian Language Institutes and Universities
Mahbubeh Yazdanpanah Rahman Sahragard -
Open Access Article
128 - An Investigation of Teachers’ Perceptions of KARDS in an EFL Context
Vahid Hassani Mohammad Khatib Massood Yazdani Moghaddam -
Open Access Article
129 - The Examination of the Perceived Supervisors’ Voice Behavior in Relation to the Employees’ Own Voice Behavior (The Moderating Role of Gender and the Mediating Role of Trust in Supervisors)
Mostafa Heidari HaratemehThe purpose of this study is to investigate the Perceived Supervisors’ Voice Behavior in Relation to the Employees’ Own Voice Behavior directly and indirectly and with confidence in supervisors. In particular, it examines the moderating role of gender in the MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the Perceived Supervisors’ Voice Behavior in Relation to the Employees’ Own Voice Behavior directly and indirectly and with confidence in supervisors. In particular, it examines the moderating role of gender in the relationship between observer confidence and Employees’ Own Voice Behavior.The present research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method of collecting and analyzing information and data, respectively descriptive-survey and questionnaire and is of causal type. The statistical population of the research of the National Iranian Oil Company includes 250 people who were randomly selected, sample 148 and were encouraged to respond.To collect data from the standard questionnaires of Perceived supervisor’s voice behavior and Employees’ Own Voice Behavior by Maynes andPodsakoff (2014) and Trust in supervisor by McAllister (1995) and hierarchical regression analysis and Hayes’ PROCESS macro were used to analyze the data. The results showed: the perceived supervisor’s voice behavior was positively associated with employeevoice behavior; trust in supervisor mediated the relationship between perceived supervisor’s voice behavior and employee voice behavior; gender moderated the relationship between trust in supervisor and employee voice behaviors; and gender moderated the indirect effect of perceived supervisor’s voice behavior on employee voice behavior via trust in supervisor.The current study investigates employees’ perception of immediate supervisor’s voice behavior that encourages employees to speak up, thereby providing a more nuanced understanding of the factors that facilitate employee voice behavior. I Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - An analysis of the influence of Baha'i and Jewish influence on the power structure and the collapse of the Pahlavi government
saeed jahangiri amir khjeh zadehThe secular nature of the Pahlavi regime contributed to the growth of the Baha'i and Jewish sects in two ways. One is that the secularist nature of the regime made the prejudice against a particular religion irrelevant, and so the various sects found a good opportunity MoreThe secular nature of the Pahlavi regime contributed to the growth of the Baha'i and Jewish sects in two ways. One is that the secularist nature of the regime made the prejudice against a particular religion irrelevant, and so the various sects found a good opportunity to grow and expand. On the other hand, the first and second Pahlavis, in order to achieve the goal of modernizing Iran, rose up against the Shiite religion and the Shiite scholars, who were considered a symbol of traditionalism. Bringing the anti-Shiite sects of Baha'ism and Judaism to the forefront was a good opportunity for the Pahlavis to achieve this goal. We are. Accordingly, the main question of the article is what effect did the two Jewish and Baha'i sects have on the structure of the Pahlavi power? Studies have shown that the influence of Jews and Baha'is on the structure of Pahlavi power intensified and further encouraged anti-religious policies of the Pahlavi kings and the domination of foreigners and tyrants, and thus the distance between the government (court) and the Iranian religious community. The religious people of Iran became one of the most important factors in the collapse and overthrow of Pahlavi. And in this research, descriptive-analytical method has been used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - An analysis of the ruling style of Shah Ismail II Safavid and his different policy in creating religious balance in Iran
zahra ghaemi saber adak mohsen heydarniaShah Ismail II came to the kingdom after Shah Tahmasb Safavi for a short time and took charge of the Safavid government. He adopted a different policy in the administration of the country, which provoked many criticisms in the Safavid court. He tried to make it easier f MoreShah Ismail II came to the kingdom after Shah Tahmasb Safavi for a short time and took charge of the Safavid government. He adopted a different policy in the administration of the country, which provoked many criticisms in the Safavid court. He tried to make it easier for the government to treat the Sunnis and reduce the power of the Shiite scholars. A series of these behaviors caused his reign to be short and finally, he was poisoned and killed. It seems that Shah Ismail II made a new plan in the way of governing the country and because of meeting with a number of Sunnis during his imprisonment, he changed his approach towards this religious group and went so far in conciliating them that he was suspected of being a Sunni. give strength Also, Shah Ismail II believed that the unrestrained interference of Shia scholars in the administration of the country had weakened the power of the Safavid government. As a result, the role of this group in macro policies was diminished. In this research, it has been tried to investigate and analyze the behavior of the mentioned king against intellectual and religious currents The current research method is descriptive-analytical and the data is collected by referring to library sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Effects of Explicit Instruction of Metadiscourse Markers on Persuasive Writing Ability and the Learners’ Attitude towards Teaching Academic Writing with Online Modality
Majid Fatahipour Mozhdeh Tahmasbi Neda GharagozlooPersuasive writing is considered a complex genre for EFL learners to master and yet vital for academic arguments. As metadiscourse markers are recognizable and familiar devices to persuade, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of their explicit onlin MorePersuasive writing is considered a complex genre for EFL learners to master and yet vital for academic arguments. As metadiscourse markers are recognizable and familiar devices to persuade, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of their explicit online instruction on Iranian EFL learners' persuasive writing. The participants were homogenous EFL learners at the intermediate level, divided into two groups: experimental (n=40) and control (n=40). An official e-platform used in Iranian state-run schools was used for online instruction. According to a regular schedule, the participants received different passages containing metadiscourse markers. The teacher assigned the experimental group to notice and discuss the markers in small groups. Then, a passage-related topic was assigned and the learners wrote a persuasive essay in each session. For the control group, the same procedure was adopted except for the explicit focus on metadiscourse markers. Finally, a writing test demonstrated the significant effect of explicit instruction on persuasive writing of EFL learners, through statistical analysis explaining participants’ attitude and high frequency of - interactive type markers. Learners’ attitudes were also examined through interviews. Pedagogical implications are suggested to include explicit focus on metadiscourse markers in writing courses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Attributed Qira’at to Ahl al-Bayt (Peace be upon them) and Rasm al-Mushaf
Hamid Reza Mostafid Shabnam Rajabzadeh Maryam Haji AbdolbaghiQira’at and Rasm al-Mushaf are one of the factors of understanding, researching and reading the Holy Quran, that affect and effect on each other. They have always been considered as challenging subjects of Quranic sciences. Although, the Quran attributed to the Ah MoreQira’at and Rasm al-Mushaf are one of the factors of understanding, researching and reading the Holy Quran, that affect and effect on each other. They have always been considered as challenging subjects of Quranic sciences. Although, the Quran attributed to the Ahl al-Bayt (P.B.U.Th) are among Shawadhdh Qira’at, but because of their attribution to the Ahl al-Bayt(P.B.U.Th) and interpretive aspects are of particular importance. From the perspective of Ibn al-Jazari, one of the conditions of the authenticity of the Qira’at is the conformity of Rasm al-Mushaf with at least one of the Masahef al-Amsar, even if possible. The question is that how much the Qira’at attributed to the Ahl al-Bayt (P.B.U.Th) corresponds to this condition.The research method of this paper is descriptive-analytical- case study using written sources of these sciences. This study focuses on 500 Qira’at attributed to Ahl al-Bayt (P.B.U.Th) . At the first glance, among these Qira’at, 312 are completely in accordance with the Rasm al-Mushaf and 188 are considered as opposed to the Rasm . However, in re-examining through seven methods of achievement of this paper, 55 other Qira’at, according to the Ibn al-Jazari's viewpoint are considered in accordance with the Rasm al-Mushaf. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - The Evaluation of Hawting’s Methodological Viewpoints within the Domain of the Historical Literary Criticism of the Qur’ān
Hasan Rezaee Haftadur mohammad dargahzade safar nasirianNowadays, the precise and principled understanding of the orientalists’ viewpoints and their research methods in studying the Qur’ān as well as the scientific criticism of these viewpoints based on robust religious and intellectual principles are undeniable MoreNowadays, the precise and principled understanding of the orientalists’ viewpoints and their research methods in studying the Qur’ān as well as the scientific criticism of these viewpoints based on robust religious and intellectual principles are undeniable necessities. Literary criticism is a critical method that has been applied by the orientalists to the qur’ānic studies. One of the scholars that has used this method – of course via an intertextual approach – to study the qur’ānic verses is Gerald Hawting, the British Qur’ān researcher. Hawting’s literary criticisms against the Qur’ān are in three directions, namely the appearance of the Qur’ān in a sectarian atmosphere, the dialectical nature of the qur’ānic verses, and the temporal lateness of the Qur’ān compared to its audience. These three dimensions can be rejected based on the intellectual and narrative reasons, as follows. First, the mere connection of the Islamic world with the monotheistic religions that had appeared before it is not a reason for the effectiveness of those religions on the appearance of the Qur’ān. Moreover, unlike other sacred Scriptures, the Qur’ān does not have a human nature and its text involves various types of miraculous qualities such as eloquence, sublimity of meaning, and freedom from any disagreement in expression. All these wonders derive from its divine and non-human nature. ... Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - .Al-Ārkātī's Efforts in Rasm al-Muṣḥaf and His Book “Nathr al-Marjān fī Rasm Naẓm al-Qur’ān”
Murtaza Tawakoli Hamid Reza Mostafid Among the books written in Rasm (the orthography) at the Easterners is the book “Nathr al-Marjān fi Rasm Naẓm al-Qur’ān” (The Coral Spreading in Orthography of the Qur’ān System) by Muḥammad Ghawth al-Ārkātī (1238 A More Among the books written in Rasm (the orthography) at the Easterners is the book “Nathr al-Marjān fi Rasm Naẓm al-Qur’ān” (The Coral Spreading in Orthography of the Qur’ān System) by Muḥammad Ghawth al-Ārkātī (1238 AH) in India. Despite its scientific status, it did not receive the attention of scholars. This book is of importance in two ways: First: it is one of the books of orthography that was written in the east countries of the Islamic world, and the second: it contains oriental sources that were not known and we were not exaggerated if we say is still unknown to those interested in Rasm al-Muṣḥaf and scholars. The book is a scientific encyclopedia in the Qur’ānic sciences in general, and in the orthography of the Qur’ān in particular, which consists of seven parts on the number of Aḥzāb of the Qur’ān, which were known at the time of the Companions of the Prophet (Peace be upon him and his progeny). The author divided his book into three parts: an introduction, two articles. The first volume of the book includes the introduction and the first article in principles and first part of the second article in Farsh al-ḥurūf, which includes the words of the Qur’ān word by word, according to the order of the suras in the Qur’ān. The author speaks about every word's orthography, reading and case system (), and it took what was left of the first volume and the rest of the other volumes of the book. In the introduction, the author referred to the most important sources to which he referred in writing the book, including the al-Muqnī’ and the al-‘Aqīlah, and benefited from sources not mentioned in the introduction: Khulāṣat al-Rusūm and Khazānat al-Rusūm, which were or are still unknown; and al-Ārkātī quoted more of these two sources which shows the importance of them to him. The Nathr al-Marjān differs from the orthography books, first by mentioning the word by word from the beginning to the end of the Holy Quran even "fī" (فی) and "min" (من) whenever received and repeated, and then it is characterized by expressing the writing phenomena in rasm al-muṣḥaf, which its likes did not appear in the orthography books of west countries of the Islamic world. He never mentioned Abū Dāwūd and his book, and perhaps the reason for this is lack of access to the book or not being aware of it. This may be explained by the fact that the book of Abū Dāwūd was not known for the Easterners as the book al-Muqnī’ of Abū ‘Amr al-Dānī was, and what confirms this is that he did not name him in the list of sources of his book. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - An Analytical study on the buckling behavior of cracked column based on the physical properties of the Dirac delta function
Hadi Dehghan Manshadi Roham Reyhani Mohammad Ali Dashti rahmat abadiThe Dirac delta function provides a simple and effective tool for representing point loads and singularities in structural problems, often leading to closed-form solutions. In this study, we investigate the analytical solution for a two-end pinned column with one or two MoreThe Dirac delta function provides a simple and effective tool for representing point loads and singularities in structural problems, often leading to closed-form solutions. In this study, we investigate the analytical solution for a two-end pinned column with one or two cracks. Although this problem has been the subject of much research in recent years, the currently available methods for solving it, impose remarkable high computational cost. Therefore, in this study, a new approach has been used to solve the problem using the property of the Dirac delta function. This approach simplifies the problem-solving process and significantly reduces the computational cost. Based on this, the crack is modelled with a bilateral behaviour via Dirac delta function. This model takes into account the crack closure effect on buckling behaviour of column by introducing a suitable switching criterion, which allows each crack to be open or closed depending on the sign of the axial strain at the crack centre. The proposed method was used to finding the buckling load, determining the effects of crack stiffness for both one and two-crack scenarios, and accounting for the effect(s) of crack opening and closing on the buckling load. For validation purposes, the finite element software SAP2000 was utilized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Combined effects of different concentrations of starter culture and incubation temperatures on physicochemical, microbial and sensory features of stirred yogurt produced from Sheep’s milk
Golsa Mehrabadiyan Ali Reza Shahab Lavasani Sara MovahedYogurt gels are a type of soft solid. Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus are yogurt starter cultures widely used in the dairy industry. Co-culture of these bacteria leads to higher biomass yield than their separate single strain culture. Incubation MoreYogurt gels are a type of soft solid. Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus are yogurt starter cultures widely used in the dairy industry. Co-culture of these bacteria leads to higher biomass yield than their separate single strain culture. Incubation temperature also affected some physicochemical and sensory features of yogurt, so the aim of this work is to determined physicochemical and sensory features of yogurt containing different concentrations starter and different incubation temperatures made from sheep’s milk. The preparation of all treatments(T) as follows, Yogurt produced from: 2% starter culture and incubation temperature 42˚C ,T(A); 1% starter culture and incubation temperature 37˚C,T(B); 1% starter culture and incubation temperature 42˚C,T(C: as a Control); 2% starter culture and incubation temperature 37ᵒC, T(D); 3% starter culture and incubation temperature 42˚C, T(E) and 3% starter culture and incubation temperature 37˚C,T(F).the results indicated that fat%, dry matter% and moisture% did not change during 22 days of storage period and parallel to drop of pH, acidity (Dornic scale) continuously increased. The protein content of treatments B,C; continuously increased during 22 days storage period. The starter culture bacterial counts of yogurt showed that both Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus decreased during storage period. Sensory evaluation was performed for two features (flavor and texture). The scores for these features decreased during storage period but scores that allocated for treatment D were highly similar to control sample. According to above mentioned, it was concluded that treatment D was more similar to treatment C as a control sample. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - The Change of the Japan’s Concept of National Role and Foreign Policy Principles: From a Peaceful State to a Peacekeeping State
Mohammad sadegh babakan Majid Takht-RavanchiAbstract: From the Beginning of the 21st century, Japan is passing through a transition period, a period in which it tries to achieve a new concept of national role. The present article believes that as a consequence of international pressure, changes in domestic leade MoreAbstract: From the Beginning of the 21st century, Japan is passing through a transition period, a period in which it tries to achieve a new concept of national role. The present article believes that as a consequence of international pressure, changes in domestic leadership and social norms and an increasing aspiration for honor in international relations, Japan has been changing its foreign policy measures and its national role conception. The change in Japanese foreign policy demonstrates itself implicitly in Japan’s international peacekeeping acts and the appending new legislation “imposing effective limitations on its armed forces”. The purpose of the present study is to find a concept of the national role that best describes the goals and principles of Japanese foreign policy. The fundamental question of the article would be: what is the main reason of the change in Japan’s foreign policy principles? The underlying hypothesis is that pursuing the path of dependency has been the main factor for the change of Japan's foreign policy and the pressure emanating from dependency has directed Japan towards cosmopolitan path. The finding of the study shows Japan is now facing an uncertainty in its foreign policy and it has to choose between continuing inward looking foreign policy along with high dependency on the United States or internationalist principles as a peacekeeping state with normal defense policies. The methodology used in the paper is descriptive-analytical based on library sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - The Scope and Horizon of the Relations of Islamic Republic of Iran and Turkey (2011-2021)
حسین یارمحمدیان Ali Omidi Shahrooz EbrahimiAbstract: The present article first describes the ups and down of relations of Iran and Turkey and it explains how Justice and Development Party’s gradual distancing from secular Kamalist military establishment led to expansion of diplomatic relations between Iran MoreAbstract: The present article first describes the ups and down of relations of Iran and Turkey and it explains how Justice and Development Party’s gradual distancing from secular Kamalist military establishment led to expansion of diplomatic relations between Iran and Turkey after 2002. Then the article focuses its attention on Arab uprising which led to a gulf between Iran and Turkey. The article by a descriptive-analytical method and by making use of the puzzle of security theory raises the question that “ what factors and issues leads to erosion of Iran and Turkey relations and how these factors act in coming future?” The hypothesis is that from geographical aspect both are affected by the fragile political situations in the Middle East and in particular in Iraq and Syria and therefore both the countries want to influence political and security developments in Fertile Crescent of Iraq and Syria. From identity point of view each country wants to expand its own values and ideology and direct the social and political groups related to themselves residing in strategic regions and in this way they want to play an active role in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - The “New Homo Sacer”, a Study of the State of Emergency in Turkey on the Basis of Agamben and Schmitt’s Theory
Mohaddeceh JazaeiAbstract: After the occurrence of military coup in Turkey in July 2016 the president declared emergency situation. Emergency situation is the unbalanced situation between public law and political implication. Schmitt and Agamben as the theorist of state of emergency in MoreAbstract: After the occurrence of military coup in Turkey in July 2016 the president declared emergency situation. Emergency situation is the unbalanced situation between public law and political implication. Schmitt and Agamben as the theorist of state of emergency in the legal system have a different view about the situation. Schmitt believes that emergency situation is a paradoxical situation in which the ruler is outside the legal order and has the monopoly to take final decision. On the other hand Agamben also believes that emergency situation leads to exclusion of a number of citizens of their rights and putting them out of the legal order and this leads to more subjugation of the citizens. The article makes use of the theory of Schmitt and Agamben to explain the situation in Turkey. The main question raised is “What is the state of emergency in Turkish constitution?” Whether the Schmitt and Agamben theory can explain the coup and post-coup measures in the direction of increasing the power of government? The finding of the study shows that the coup in Turkey has become a tool for suppressing the opposition groups and it is meant to increase the power of the president. A measure which results to take away the rights of Turkish citizens; and dominating the political life of the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Influential Factors in Russia's Approach to Iran's Nuclear Program; From Bushehr Power Plant to Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
Hadi Zargari ELAHEH KOOLAEEAbstract: Russia has been one of the most influential actors in the technical and political process of Iran's nuclear program but there are no identical views about Russia's viewpoint about Iran's nuclear program. In order to evaluate these views the present article ra MoreAbstract: Russia has been one of the most influential actors in the technical and political process of Iran's nuclear program but there are no identical views about Russia's viewpoint about Iran's nuclear program. In order to evaluate these views the present article raises the question as to what are the factors shaping Russia's technical and political approach and behavior towards Iran's nuclear program? In response to the above question authors propound the hypothesis that Russia's approach can be evaluated within the larger framework of Russia's foreign policy and Russia's global, regional and nuclear role which is influenced by identity discourse of this country. Therefore, Russia's consideration in foreign policy is multi-aspect which include its effort for playing a global, regional role and nuclear doctrine along with international and economic factors in different period of time. Thus the emphasis on only one of these factors leads to reductionism and cannot explain the change in Russia's attitude and behavior. The methodology used in the paper is descriptive-analytical by using library sources and conducting interview. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Factors Related to Immigrants’ Social and Cultural Adjustment in Urban Environments: Accomplished Research using Meta-analysis Method
mohsen safarian Ali moradiThe aim of this study was to investigate the immigrants’ social and cultural adjustment factors in urban environments of Iran using meta-analysis method. The document research method is text-content analysis. The statistical population of the study is research pu MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the immigrants’ social and cultural adjustment factors in urban environments of Iran using meta-analysis method. The document research method is text-content analysis. The statistical population of the study is research published in scientific journals in Iran for a period of 22 years from 1999 to 2022, related to the social and cultural adjustment of immigrants; among them, 25 studies were analyzed from the indexed scientific databases of Jihad Daneshgahi, specialized journals of NoorMags and the database of the country's publications. In the analytical part, first, the statistical presuppositions of expectation bias and homogeneity of the studies were evaluated and then the hypotheses were examined. The results show that five sets of factors including social, economic, cultural, demographic, and psychological were identified in this study, each of which has been studied using several variables. The confidence interval reported by this set of factors ranges from the confidence interval (-0.039 and 0.215) which is related to economic factors rather than the high confidence interval, scope (0.275 to 0.614) as well as the positive value of Z2 number. It can be concluded that demographic factors with an impact factor of 0.510 have the highest adaptability and psychological factors with a minimum level of impact factor with a value of 0.293 have the least impact on the process of social and cultural adjustment of immigrants. Besides, all factors with at least 95% Confidence Interval have a positive effect on immigrants’ social and cultural adjustment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Educational Aspects of Sanaee’s Masnavi Hadiqat al Haqiqa
eshagh Toghyani maryam HeidariMysticism has always played an important role in the proliferation of didactic literature. The value of staying away from the word, instability and transient nature of the world and its grief, avoiding immoralities and taking virtues are all the common issues in mystici MoreMysticism has always played an important role in the proliferation of didactic literature. The value of staying away from the word, instability and transient nature of the world and its grief, avoiding immoralities and taking virtues are all the common issues in mysticism and didactic literature. The Hadiqat al Haqiqa is the first spiritual lyric that has been composed for teaching of spiritual, religious and moral issues. Sanaee is the first poet who has made use of anecdote and parable for moral and mystical behaviors. He has been a model for subsequent poets in this respect. This article tries to investigate the different didacticand moral concepts in Hadiqat al Haqiqa and show the outstanding role of anecdotes and parables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - .Survey of Pedagogical theories for Children in One Story of Bustan Based on Russell’s views
AbasAli Vafayi Mehrdad Akbari Gandomani MehdiReza Kamali BanianiAnalytical philosophy of pedagogy deals with explaining thought structures by logical and linguistic analysis. Most of analytic philosophers believe that the clarification of philosophical propositions through concept analyses can be effective in pedagogical issues in c MoreAnalytical philosophy of pedagogy deals with explaining thought structures by logical and linguistic analysis. Most of analytic philosophers believe that the clarification of philosophical propositions through concept analyses can be effective in pedagogical issues in children. Bertrand Russell (1872-1967) had a great role in pedagogical issues of children. Since Sa’di has focused on pedagogical issues, too, we study the story of “clan of thieves” by keeping an eye on Russell and Sa’di. We conclude that they have some consensuses as well as some differences. This essay explains their distinctive views. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - What could we learn from Shams-e Tabrizi even today?
Rahman MoshtaghmehrShams-e Tabrizi is still one of the unknown figures in the history of Iran-Islamic mysticism. A crucial part of our knowledge of him is due to Molana, who believes that he owes his poetry and mysticism and the meanings of his works to him. Nevertheless, Shams himself ha MoreShams-e Tabrizi is still one of the unknown figures in the history of Iran-Islamic mysticism. A crucial part of our knowledge of him is due to Molana, who believes that he owes his poetry and mysticism and the meanings of his works to him. Nevertheless, Shams himself has some sayings that are collected in his “Maqalat.” This paper has originated from the very “Maqalat” and his direct sayings. There has been an attempt to present his views in a slightly systematic way on important issues such as God, the unity of religions, The mission of the prophets and “Sharia’”, following, a knowledge of the self, collection of inward and outward attitudes, independence and the rejection of imitation, talent and necessary qualifications for guidance and education, politeness and generous spirit, viewing the truth from different perspective and the mirror of death to be presented formally. Shamas because of putting emphasis on the independence of thought and avoid duplication, has different personal view regarding these issues; therefore, today we could learn this type of thinking as well as his positive doctrines from Shams. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - A Study of the Fables of the First Chapter of Kelile o Demne Based on Grimas’s Narrative Paradigm
MohammadReza Haji AqaBabayiGrimas’s narrative theory is one of the most important theories of narrative which have been presented based on the bilateral contrasts of the text. Although his theory is Applicable in some areas of Persian literary texts, in some parts we observe incompatibiliti MoreGrimas’s narrative theory is one of the most important theories of narrative which have been presented based on the bilateral contrasts of the text. Although his theory is Applicable in some areas of Persian literary texts, in some parts we observe incompatibilities. In this paper, we examine the fables of the first chapter of Kelile o Demne based on Grimas’s narrative theory. In this study, we conclude that Grimas narrative theory is not applicable to all of the fables of Kelile o Demne. The components of Grimas’s theory have been synthesized in these fables. This is in contrast with Grimas’s narrative pattern, though it can be related to didacticism of Kelile o Demne in which the focus is on the content of their words not the structure. Although applying various literary theories in narrative area could lead us to a better understanding of the literary texts, due to the special features of Iranian fables, either an aboriginal paradigm or a change in the fables is required for investigation of narrative structures of these texts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - .Representation ofchildish didactic teachingsin La Fonte’s Myths
Khalil Beigzade Ata AlmasiDidactic-ethical tenets are among the basic aims of great poets and writers.These teachings play an important role in the formation and establishment of correct didactic-ethical foundations in human societies. Jean de Fonte, one of the French classic writers of seventee MoreDidactic-ethical tenets are among the basic aims of great poets and writers.These teachings play an important role in the formation and establishment of correct didactic-ethical foundations in human societies. Jean de Fonte, one of the French classic writers of seventeenth-century, has not limited didactic literature to mere dictation and propagation of sermons and advices. He has tried to consider different didactic-ethical issues and evaluate them on the basis of addressee’s characteristics, then represent in the form of myths what in his opinion is an obstacle in the way of social development for children. He believes that myth is compatible with the sensitive spirit of a child and makes didactic-ethical concepts which are mostly abstract, tangible for them. This study, by means of a descriptive-analytic approach, has been undertaken to delineate La Fonte’s didactic-ethical thoughts in his collection of myths. The aimof the study is to tell the audience what are the didactic-ethical teachings in La Fonte’s mythsas well as what is his approach in communicating those tenets. The findings say that La Fonte’s didactic-ethical thoughts such as: knowledge-improving,encouraging to work hard and make efforts, deprecating flattery, leading to peace and amenity, and altruism have been expressed in the form of imaginary fables and parables and has provided new perspectives of these didactic-ethicals.In this way, he has succeeded to bridge a gap between the hard and practical social life of men and the dreamy and sweet world of children to improve and elevate human values. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Sa'di's Sidestepping from Taking Advice Unlike His Habit
Mahboobe MoslemizadehAdvice, in any kind and purpose, shows the direction of man's thoughts toward the improvement of his life's conditions and obtaining prosperity. Sa'di, the Iranian supreme moral poet, whenever begins to give advice, talks so delicately, tenderly and firmly; his advices MoreAdvice, in any kind and purpose, shows the direction of man's thoughts toward the improvement of his life's conditions and obtaining prosperity. Sa'di, the Iranian supreme moral poet, whenever begins to give advice, talks so delicately, tenderly and firmly; his advices have been imitated during his next periods. The question of this article is that some Sa'di Ghazals, contrary to his other works that have made him well known for his teachings and experiences contains sidestepping from taking advice, in these ghazals, he not only avoids advice instead of advising his addressed, but also requests the adviser not to recommend him anymore, because he is involved in an incurable sickness i.e. the madness of love that is not match with the wisdom, and the advice which origins from the wisdom, has no opportunity to affect him. The method of this research is study and analysis; the conclusion is extracting and analyzing verses in which Sa'di avoids frankly any wisdom and taking advice but does not deviate from morality at all and emphasizes that in any case he takes advice except for love in which he cannot accept any recommendation on having patience for his beloved even in return for suffering hardships. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - The analysis of pedagogic and educational figures of encouragement and punishment in Sa’adi’s works
Mahdi MomtahenConsidering the importance of ethics and training agents has been the case of attention of scholars for a long time. At the beginning, our poets have carefully considered this issue, too. From Rudaki as the father of Persian poetry to Kasaee and Nasir MoreConsidering the importance of ethics and training agents has been the case of attention of scholars for a long time. At the beginning, our poets have carefully considered this issue, too. From Rudaki as the father of Persian poetry to Kasaee and Nasir Khosrow , Sanaee, Nezami and others. Meanwhile Sa’adi has paid special attention to this issue. Sa’adi’s two important works namely Golestan and Busetan, show this reality well to the extent that these two are named the ethical letters. Given that the two principles of rewarding and punishing are the foundation and the bedrock of every kind of pedagogy, therefore, in this article, these two, their functions, features and characteristics have been examined in the works of Saadi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Warning Instruction of Sa’di inBustanthrough Critical Discourse Analysis ofFairclough
Mehdi Norooz Farangis FarhoodThe present study seeks to confirm the assumption that Sa’di is trying to implement the ideology of warning instruction. In the meantime, he sees audience so passive that ethics could be taught by warnings about the negative consequences of behaviors. To justify t MoreThe present study seeks to confirm the assumption that Sa’di is trying to implement the ideology of warning instruction. In the meantime, he sees audience so passive that ethics could be taught by warnings about the negative consequences of behaviors. To justify this, he uses some artistry and to offer a blend of his poem sand Quranic verses and Hadiths to increase the impact of his words. Considering the cultural space of the Iran, as well as historical and social issues of that day, he offers his trainings and advices by means of warning to the audiences; and against the passive mood of the people of his time, he preaches from an authority position with the support of religion and Cultural popularity. To prove this, by an approach of critical discourse analysis of Fairclough, we review the odes of Sa’di in Bustan. Discourse analysis is done in three levels of description, interpretation and explanation and a scrutiny of verbal choices of Sa’di and an explanation of the social conditions of that period is given Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Leveling of villages based on livability indices (Case study: Rural settlements of Sowme’eh Sara county)
nasrin nikdel rafat shahmari Sedigheh Hassanimehr Hossian AsghariIntroductionToday, improving livability in villages and cities is one of the main goals of planners in every country. For this purpose, first of all, an accurate and comprehensive knowledge of livability and its Indices is required in order to level the villages and rur MoreIntroductionToday, improving livability in villages and cities is one of the main goals of planners in every country. For this purpose, first of all, an accurate and comprehensive knowledge of livability and its Indices is required in order to level the villages and rural district based on them and then plan for their improvement.GoalThe aim of this study is the Leveling of villages of Sowme’eh Sara county based on livability Indices.MethodologyThe present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology. The statistical population of the research is 22790 rural households in Sowme’eh Sara county. To achieve the purpose of the research, library resources and field studies based on the distribution of questionnaires and interviews with 377 heads of households living in sample villages(20 villages selected by stratified and random sampling method) decision-making was used. For data analysis, t-statistical method and regression analysis and COPRAS decision method were used.Geographical area of researchThe geographical area of research is the rural settlements of Sowme’eh Sara county.Results and DiscussionThe findings showed that there is a difference between the 24 Indices in the studied villages and the leveling of the villages does not follow a specific rule, so that according to the Indices of livability, Hindkhaleh village (with a distance of 19) And the two rural district of Hindkhaleh, Siavi (distance 18) and Laksar (distance 17.5) km from the city center of Sowme’eh Sara are at very favorable, favorable and average levels, respectively. Also, the findings of regression analysis showed that with a unit increase in the distance of villages from the center of the province (Rasht city) by -0.534, changes can be explained in the amount viability of villages in Sowme’eh Sara.While the distance from the center of the Sowme’eh Sara does not explain the changes in the amount of livability.ConclusionThe research results show the livability status of the villages of Sowme’eh Sara county are not at the same level based on the studied Indices. Manuscript profile -
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152 - آیا شاخص قیمت کشاورزی به نوسانات نرخ ارز در ایران واکنش نشان می دهد؟
محمد عبدی سیّدکلایی امیر منصور طهرانچیان احمد جعفری صمیمی سیّد مجتبی مجاوریاناز آنجایی که برخی از مواد اولیه، کالاهای نیمه­ساخته، واسطهای و سرمایهای در بخش کشاورزی از محل واردات تأمین میشوند بنابراین نوسانات نرخ ارز میتواند روی قیمت تمام شده محصولات این بخش اثر بگذارد. در سالهای اخیر با نوسانات قابل ملاحظهای در نرخ ارز روبرو بودهایم ک Moreاز آنجایی که برخی از مواد اولیه، کالاهای نیمه­ساخته، واسطهای و سرمایهای در بخش کشاورزی از محل واردات تأمین میشوند بنابراین نوسانات نرخ ارز میتواند روی قیمت تمام شده محصولات این بخش اثر بگذارد. در سالهای اخیر با نوسانات قابل ملاحظهای در نرخ ارز روبرو بودهایم که تأثیر بسزایی بر همه بخشها و از جمله بخش کشاورزی داشته است. نرخ ارز از طریق افزایش قیمت واردات مواد اولیه کشاورزی بر افزایش قیمت محصولات کشاورزی مؤثر است. به عبارت دیگر، کاهش عرضه داخلی به دلیل تحریک صادرات محصولات کشاورزی ناشی از افزایش نرخ ارز رابطه فوق را تقویت میکند. در این پژوهش، تأثیر نوسانات نرخ ارز بر شاخص قیمت در بخش کشاورزی ایران با استفاده از روش گارچ چند متغیره مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. نتایج به دست آمده نشان میدهند که در سطح معنیداری یک درصد، تکانههای گذشته نرخ ارز اثر مثبت روی شاخص قیمت بخش کشاورزی دارد. علاوهبر این، بهرغم اینکه نوسانات جاری شاخص قیمت بخش کشاورزی از نوسانات گذشته خود تأثیر نمیپذیرد اما نوسانات گذشته نرخ ارز اثر مثبت بر نوسانات جاری نرخ ارز دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Using fuzzy prospect theory approach to Identifying and prioritizing factors affecting on promoting the competencies of safety supervisors in the Petroleum industry
seyed mahmood zanjirchi negar jalilian Mohamad Ali SangborToday in the industry, supervisors play a critical role in helping organizations and causes to the change of the world, well-directed and to achieve their desired objectives. Iran is one of the largest oil and gas producer countries, and oil, gas and petroleum products MoreToday in the industry, supervisors play a critical role in helping organizations and causes to the change of the world, well-directed and to achieve their desired objectives. Iran is one of the largest oil and gas producer countries, and oil, gas and petroleum products in the country is excellent. In oil and gas companies, supervisors as a liaison between management and employees, have a prominent role in the achieving mission and goals of the Company's oil and gas production. In this study, we tried to consider safety competency model, and identify the components of the model in terms of the importance of the oil and gas industry and rank the most important components in the institutionalization of a culture of safety. It should be noted that in this study, to analyze data, theory prospect is used. According to the results of the application of the fuzzy prospect theory, judgment and decision-making criteria for supervisors ranked as first priority and team working and communication were in the second and third priorities Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - The Concept of “Political Legitimacy” in Shia Political Thought (With Focus on Imam Khomeini’s Political Thought)
Azam Boroughani -
Open Access Article
155 - Identifying the dimensions and components of jihadi management with the aim of optimal management of the credit risk in the network of car manufacturers’’ dealerships
Hamid reza Radmannejad Mohammad Ebrahim Mohammad Pourzarandi Mehrzad MinoueiManagement is effective in all areas of an organization. An organization achieves the expected results when the management of the organization uses jihadi components in its approaches. An organization can achieve its planned financial and non-financial and transcendent MoreManagement is effective in all areas of an organization. An organization achieves the expected results when the management of the organization uses jihadi components in its approaches. An organization can achieve its planned financial and non-financial and transcendent goals, if jihadi management approaches are implemented in that organization. Jihadi management as the most logical and efficient management model for achieving the goals of organizations in a revolutionary system has been considered and emphasized in recent years. This type of executive agent management is an "Iranian-Islamic model of progress" and is based on management knowledge derived from management science and schools as well as the Islamic value system. The present study aimed to identify the dimensions and components of Jihadi management with the aim of optimal management of credit risk in the network of car manufacturers’ dealerships. Since this after-sales service network is primarily responsible for serving customers of Saipa Company, it requires having a professional and jihadist view with the aim of promoting the level of servicing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - The Relationship Between Cash Flow Forecasting and Cost of Owners’ Equity
Ali Baghani narges ghorbani Cash flow forecasting is an important factor in many economic decisions because cash flows play an important role in almost all decision making by groups such as securities analysts, creditors and managers (Sloan, 1996). To discover this fact, the relationship b More Cash flow forecasting is an important factor in many economic decisions because cash flows play an important role in almost all decision making by groups such as securities analysts, creditors and managers (Sloan, 1996). To discover this fact, the relationship between the cash flow forecasting and the cost of owners’ equity was investigated. In this study, using the data analysis, the relationship between cash flow forecasting and cost of owners’ equity was examined. The statistical sample of research consisted of 167 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the 6 years and a multivariate regression method were used to test the hypotheses for gathering information. Test of the hypothesis and finally analysis of the data were done using Excel software as well as statistical software Spss23, Eviews9, Minitab19.The following models have been used to test the hypothesis according to Sang Hwan Yaongs paper (2015). According to the number of variables studied, multiple regression was used. The results of the research show that there is no significant relationship between cash flow forecasts and the cost of owners’ equity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - Translation of Taboo Words in IRIB’s Persian Dubbed Movies
Mehdi Tima Roya Monsefi Abolfazl Ramazani Reza YalsharzehTranslating taboos presents an important challenge for the Iranian audio visual translators, and deleting them is the other censorial aspect regarding dominant social constraints. This research attempted to discover the prevailing strategies used in IRIB’s dubbed MoreTranslating taboos presents an important challenge for the Iranian audio visual translators, and deleting them is the other censorial aspect regarding dominant social constraints. This research attempted to discover the prevailing strategies used in IRIB’s dubbed movies. To this end, the original English movies were compared with their dubbed Persian counterparts based on Sharifi and Darchinian's (2009) conceptual model. All along data collection, relying on a definite set of taboos, the 41 examples in the selected sample of three American movies were found and documented. In the present descriptive study, corpus based research is applied. After classifying the cases based on the theoretical model, taboos had been classified based on their moral, ideological, political, and social nature. The “deletion” strategy is the highest applied strategy in the translation of taboos with the highest frequency (71%). The second general strategy is “taboo to non-taboo” which includes 17%, the third general strategy is “taboo to taboo” with 9%, and the least general strategy for handling taboos is “euphemism” which is 3%. The frequency of the taboos in each of the movies, as well as their frequency in the entire corpus, was measured and discussed. General results and discussion are drawn to suggest future studies on taboo as a social and ideological phenomenon. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - The Role of Self-Efficacy Instruction in EFL Teachers’ Professional Development: A Mixed-Method Study
Mohammad Mohammadi Mohammad Hossein Yousefi Asghar SalimiThe aim of the present mixed-method study is investigating the role of SE instruction in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ PD. To do so, 30 EFL teachers and 150 of their students in different high schools in Zanjan, Iran were selected as the participan MoreThe aim of the present mixed-method study is investigating the role of SE instruction in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ PD. To do so, 30 EFL teachers and 150 of their students in different high schools in Zanjan, Iran were selected as the participants of the study. The convenience (availability) sampling procedure was used to select the participants. The students were asked to fill out the the teachers’ PD survey, and the questionnaire of SE was filled out by the teachers as the pretest. Then, the teachers received in-service training for SE with a specified syllabus. At the end of the training period, which lasted 5 sessions in a 1.5-month course, the students completed the teachers’ PD survey, and the teachers filled out the SE questionnaire again as the posttest. To analyze the results of the questionnaires as the quantitative data, a paired-samples t-test was employed. In the qualitative phase, an in-depth interview was held with the 30 teachers concerning their ideas towards the effects of SE instruction on their PD, and the collected data was analyzed through content analysis technique. The findings of the study revealed that the EFL teachers’ SE significantly affected their PD based on the results of the questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - Assessing the Translation of Parvin Etesami's Selected Poems Using Vinay and Darbelnet’s Model
Nafiseh Emadi Mohammad Hussien Norouzi Behrooz Mahmoodi-Bakhtiari -
Open Access Article
160 - Direct and Semi-Direct Validation: Test Takers’ Perceptions, Evaluations and Anxiety towards Speaking Module of an English Proficiency Test
Houman Bijani Mona Khabiri -
Open Access Article
161 - Quality Assessment of the Persian Translation of John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men Based on Waddington’s Model of Translation: Application of Method A
Zivar Derakhshi Sajjad Khorrami Fard -
Open Access Article
162 - Examining the Translations of Forough Farrokhzad’s Selected Poems by a Native and a Non-Native Speaker Using Vinay and Darbelnet’s Model
Enayat A. Shabani Nafiseh Emadi Fatemeh Daftari -
Open Access Article
163 - A Sound Symbolic Study of Translation of Onomatopoeia in Children's Literature: The Case of '' Tintin''
Mehdi Zolfagharian Alireza Ameri -
Open Access Article
164 - Introduction of innovations of Holy Quran's exegesists in the 5th and 6th Centuries AH (Case Study: Surah Al-Jumu'ah)
ramesh Hallajian esfahani mahdi mehrizi sayed mohammad ali ayaziThe exegesis of the holy Quran is an area that needs to evolve and be updated in a variety of fields. This study presented different types of exegesis interpretive of Surah Al-Jumu'ah in major exegeses from the 5th and 6th centuries AH. The research shows that the exege MoreThe exegesis of the holy Quran is an area that needs to evolve and be updated in a variety of fields. This study presented different types of exegesis interpretive of Surah Al-Jumu'ah in major exegeses from the 5th and 6th centuries AH. The research shows that the exegeses of this period paid attention to the discussions of Quranic sciences, according to the time and place of descent from the historical aspect, verbal criticism and content analysis of the narrations, as well as the proposal of the differences of the readings that were by removing or adding movements, letters and intensification, telling unusual readings, presented a new classification, in parallel with literary analysis.The types of interpretive included the following: Quranic studies b. the study of variant readings of the Quran .Literary aspect including: a. grammar, b. rhetoric. Exegesis points a. methodological interpretive including lexical study, Quranic verse comparison, and a method based on the exegesist's intuition (mystical method), b. orientation interpretive, including intellectual-theological orientation, and historical- jurisprudential orientation. The research shows that the exegeses of this period paid attention to the discussions of Quranic sciences, according to the time and place of descent from the historical aspect, verbal criticism and content analysis of the narrations, as well as the proposal of the differences of the readings that were by removing or adding movements, letters and intensification, telling unusual readings, presented a new classification, in parallel with literary analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - Myth in Folk Tales of Children; A Case Study: Davīdam o Davīdam
Hafez Hatami Naqmeh ShokranehMyths, as the outdated religions and lifestyles, are present in individual and collective subconscious and have a deep and long-lasting relationship with literature and art. In fact, myth is a non-historical literature that can be seen in oral and written literature, pr MoreMyths, as the outdated religions and lifestyles, are present in individual and collective subconscious and have a deep and long-lasting relationship with literature and art. In fact, myth is a non-historical literature that can be seen in oral and written literature, prose and poetry, epics and so on. Children's literature which is rooted in popular culture and folk literature includes songs, folk tales, anecdotes and stories; the trace of myth can be seen in all of these cases. Folk tales, including delicate and entertaining themes with rhythmic prose and poetry, are part of children's literature. By using library-documentation method, the present article tries to analyze the folk tale "Davidam o davidam" (I ran and ran) and its mythical elements. In this way, the relationship between children's literature and myth is shown. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - The Conceptual Metaphors of Lam’at
Samirā Bakhtiyārinasab Kheirollāh MahmoodiThe intellectual system of any text can be described by analyzing its conceptual metaphors. The aim of the present study is to find the structures derived from the conceptual metaphors of Lam’at (Divine Flashes), written by Fakhr al-Dīn Ibrahīm Irāqī. These struct MoreThe intellectual system of any text can be described by analyzing its conceptual metaphors. The aim of the present study is to find the structures derived from the conceptual metaphors of Lam’at (Divine Flashes), written by Fakhr al-Dīn Ibrahīm Irāqī. These structures represent the intellectual system of Lam’at. To this end, first, the conceptual metaphors of the text are identified by careful examination of its language. Next, the structure derived from the conceptual metaphors of the text, which functions as a mirror reflecting its worldview, is described by analyzing the metaphors and finding the links among them. The four main pillars of Lam’at and Fakhr al-Dīn Ibrahīm Irāqī's thought are these conceptual metaphors: ‘God is love’, ‘love is the king’, ‘love is the Sun’ and ‘love is a mirror’. In addition to the links among these four metaphors, the conceptual metaphor ‘love is human’ plays a key role in linking the four conceptual metaphors to each other and shows the intellectual level of Lam’at. There are other conceptual metaphors in Lam’at, each of which describes the worldview of its author, but the abovementioned five metaphors are more pivotal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - Moore’s Paradox and Wittgenstein’s View on It
Abdurrazzaq HesamifarIn his two articles, J. E. Moore refers to two sentences in each one there is contradiction between the starting part of the sentence and the ending part of it and this is named Moor’s paradox: “I went to the pictures last Tuesday, but I don’t believe MoreIn his two articles, J. E. Moore refers to two sentences in each one there is contradiction between the starting part of the sentence and the ending part of it and this is named Moor’s paradox: “I went to the pictures last Tuesday, but I don’t believe that I did” “I believe that he has gone out, but he has not”. The paradox, Moore thinks, is in the controversy between the paradoxical and absurdly speech one says on himself in one side and the truthfulness of that speech in the other. There are several problems about this paradox and one of them is that this paradox is related to not only the assertion but also the belief, thought and desires. The other problem is that in relation to the paradox we have to distinct the omissive version of it: “p but I don’t believe that p” from the commissive version of it: “I believe that p but ~p”. the discovery of this paradox is regarded by Wittgenstein as the most important act of Moore in which a certain meaningless and absurdity has been revealed and he speaks of the deeply impact of it on him. This research will assess Moore’s paradox regarding his commentator’s views notably Wittgenstein. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - Expounding and criticizing three main objections against Gettier’s paper
Mahdi Soleimani Ali Fath Taheri Seyyed Masod sayfThe consequences of Getter’s paper were vast and profound that some epistemologists, in order to get rid of this predicament, decided to cast serious doubts on all contents of his paper. We have selected three main samples, among the objections explaining in detai MoreThe consequences of Getter’s paper were vast and profound that some epistemologists, in order to get rid of this predicament, decided to cast serious doubts on all contents of his paper. We have selected three main samples, among the objections explaining in detail. These objections are as following: (1) bewilderment in the claim that Gettier’s counterexamples embrace all kind of knowledge, (2) perplexity in historical and epistemological importance of his claim, and (3) hesitating in validity of deductions are used in his counterexamples. In rejecting (1), it will be shown that how we can generalize the idea behind his counterexamples to all kinds of knowledge and reveal the inclusiveness of his claim. We have divided objection (2) into two sections. At first, by assessing Plato’s and Aristotle’s standpoints concerning the nature of knowledge, its origin and features, we have revealed that why Gettier’s claim has a Platonic-Aristotelian origin and finally, should be regarded as a classic view. Then, we showed that why doubting on epistemological importance of Gettier’s claim should not be neglected and how it caused turning from assessing tripartite definition of knowledge to assessing epistemic justification. In rejecting objection (3), we have examined two proposed ways to undermine the validity of Gettier’s inferences and showed why both are untenable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - Differences in the identities of American Jews and the Zionist regime; Policy agenda
Naser Pourhassan Yousof QorashiThe world's Jewish population is estimated at 15 million, 85% of whom live in the United States and the Occupied Territories. Although Zionism and Judaism are not equal; because some Jews are political anti-Zionists and some non-Jews are also Zionists; However, Jews are MoreThe world's Jewish population is estimated at 15 million, 85% of whom live in the United States and the Occupied Territories. Although Zionism and Judaism are not equal; because some Jews are political anti-Zionists and some non-Jews are also Zionists; However, Jews are the dominant aspect of Zionism. Jews do not have a single identity. The main question of the article is: What is the view of the American Jews and the Jews living in the occupied territories of Palestine towards the ideals of Zionism? The hypothesis of the article is formulated using the results of the Pew Survey Institute as follows: Jews living in America and the occupied territories, due to their identity sources and different life experiences, have different views in terms of believing in the ideals of Zionism, adhering to the beliefs and rituals of Judaism, and the performance of the Zionist regime.This difference of opinion has led to a variety of political actions, including a reduction in the immigration of American Jews to the Occupied Territories. International Zionism, while tacitly acknowledging this difference, sees Jewish influence in American and even world politics as complementary to the migration of Jews from other parts of the world to the occupied territories, and seeks to reduce these differences. The main purpose of this article is to open a new direction in Zionist studies and to explain the real gaps between the Jewish communities, especially the United States, and the Occupied Territories, and to make policy recommendations in this regard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - China-Russia Strategic Alliance against US Unilateralism and its Impact on Iran's National Security 2009-2021
Tahereh Nezafati Garineh Keshishyan SirakiAfter the collapse of the Soviet Union, the structure of the international system took on a unipolar form, one of its main characteristics being the unilateral approach of the United States as the ruling superpower. But Russia and China have managed to compete and chall MoreAfter the collapse of the Soviet Union, the structure of the international system took on a unipolar form, one of its main characteristics being the unilateral approach of the United States as the ruling superpower. But Russia and China have managed to compete and challenge America in the position of great power. This competitive process has also affected the national security of other countries. The main goal of this research is to investigate the impact of the alliance between Russia and China against the unilateralism of the United States on Iran's national security. The main question is, what effect did the alliance between Russia and China have on Iran's national security in 2009-2021 against the unilateralism of the United States? It seems that the strategic alliance of China and Russia based on competition and curbing the hegemony of US has had effects in the direction of strengthening and weakening the national security of Iran. The results show that the alliance between China and Russia against the United States affects Iran's national security in the political dimension Iran's emphasis on the role of the United Nations, Iran's membership in the Shanghai Organization, seeking new horizons in BRICS in the military dimension countering Western sanctions and promoting military cooperation with China and Russia in the economic dimension enhancement of economic cooperation, purchase of Iranian oil and gas and Iran's pivotal capability in China's Silk Road project and in the environmental dimension of the cooperation of the two sides with Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - New World Order and Its Impact on the Middle East Region between 1991 and 2000
Reza Jalali Mehdi MajdAbstract The changes which occurred in late 1990s had considerable impacts on the world geopolitics and international system as well. After the end of the cold war, the world order has undergone some changes and a new world order has emerged. This paper examines the wh MoreAbstract The changes which occurred in late 1990s had considerable impacts on the world geopolitics and international system as well. After the end of the cold war, the world order has undergone some changes and a new world order has emerged. This paper examines the whiteness of these developments and their impacts on the Middle East in 1990s. American victory in the Persian Gulf paved the way for the United States to unilaterally expand its influence in the Middle East and to promote the idea of new world order. In the American perception, coordination and military power are equal and a world obedient to the U.S is considered as a world having both coordination and order. This is the case in the Middle East. America’s influence in the region lets the Americans manage the conflicts and forge order and coordination as well. The main question is that what was the impact of adopting the new world order policy by the U.S.A in the Middle East from 1991 to 2000 and the hypotheses will be as following: adopting the policy of the new world order after the cold war caused the expansion of America’s influence in the Middle East. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - The Rejected of Legal Claim Great Britain in the Case of Three Islands in International Forums
Mahdi Ghorbani Ahmad Bakhshayesh Ardestani Naghi TabarsaAbstract: Iran has been considered by many countries in the transatlantic Due to its privileged status and even regional region, with a long history of Britain with the aim of preserving its most important colony [India] and competing with other colonial powers Includi MoreAbstract: Iran has been considered by many countries in the transatlantic Due to its privileged status and even regional region, with a long history of Britain with the aim of preserving its most important colony [India] and competing with other colonial powers Including Russia and also with the motive of looting of the national and underground capital of Iran, the Persian Gulf region and the Abu Musa Triple Isles, the Great Tunb and the Small Tunb on the basis of the three legal principles of "joint ownership", " No Man’s Land " and the rule of " Prescription " Occupied that he always emphasized the principles of justifying and covering his colonial goals. Meanwhile, the Abu Musa Islands, the Great Tunb and the Little Tunb, have always been under the rule of the Iranian government and have never been idle and abandoned. The UAE's claim of ownership of the three islands as a newly established state and an unceasing and unceasing effort to confiscate the positions and support of regional and trans-regional countries is indicative of the UAE's move towards aggressive diplomacy. Iran can, with a defensive diplomacy approach, reject Britain's legal right to occupy the islands of which the United Arab Emirates has been acting as its agents, to persuade regional and sub-regional states in international fora to emphasize their sovereignty over the islands triple action. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - َHolding Fast (E'tesaam) in the Interpretation of the two Islamic Religious Sectors and its Role in the Creation of Unification and Avoidance from Schism
ayoub shafeiUnification, being together and solidarity have long been considered as necessities of any society. Since the Holy Quran is a perfect program for the human beings’ lives, the present study deals with the elaboration of the emphases on unification and prohibition o MoreUnification, being together and solidarity have long been considered as necessities of any society. Since the Holy Quran is a perfect program for the human beings’ lives, the present study deals with the elaboration of the emphases on unification and prohibition of schism based on a descriptive-analytical method through employing those of the Holy Quran’s verses in which the term “holding fast” (E'tesaam) has been introduced; next, the interpretations of the term in various Shiite and Sunni resources will be put forth followed by pinpointing the resources in which the phrase “holding fast to the God’s cord” (E'tesaam bi hablolah) has been specially approached. It can be understood through contemplation over the Holy Quran’s texts and interpretations thereof that the entire Holy Quran’s verses in which the term “holding fast” has been used and also the schism, dispute and discrepancy have been prohibited are revealed in Medina and point to the issue that holding fast to the God’s cord and resorting to the God and His religion are amongst the primary reasons and important factors giving rise to the Muslims’ strength and the establishment of an independent Islamic government. Holding fast to the God’s cord is a way for strengthening and getting robust, obeying God, unification of the Islamic nation and the Muslims’ esteem and, on the contrary, schism, dispute and discrepancy are causes contributing to the separation of the Islamic nation, weakness and looseness of them and, eventually, the enemies’ takeover of them. Obedience to the divine orders and directives, being guided towards the straight and right path, entering the mercy of God and acquiring the God’s benevolence, accompanying the believers and choosing their friendship in this and the other world are inter alia the most important outcomes of holding fast to the God’s cord; in opposite, taking the semblance of the Kaafirs (the unbelievers in God) of the prior nations, the weakening and looseness of the Islamic nation, entering the circle of polytheism and the abhorrence of the God’s great apostle (may Allah bestow him and his sacred progeny with the best of His regards) of the ones who caused sequestrations in the religion are amongst the outcomes of discrepancy and schism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - Optimizing AGV Colonie’s Efficiency by Fuzzy Simulation
Shabnam Ezadpanah Alireza Mohammadion Armen Adamian -
Open Access Article
175 - Representation of the social movements of women in movies (Suffragette, The northern land , Iron Jawed Angels, The Rosa Parks Story ) since(1920-2016) According to Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic method
elmira sasanpour afsaneh edrisi majid tavasoliThis article deals with the topic of Representation of the social movements of women since (1920-2016) in movies (Suffragette, The northern land , Iron javelin angels, The Rosa Parks Story ) . The women's movement is an organized movement to achieve women's MoreThis article deals with the topic of Representation of the social movements of women since (1920-2016) in movies (Suffragette, The northern land , Iron javelin angels, The Rosa Parks Story ) . The women's movement is an organized movement to achieve women's rights and an ideology for the transformation of society, whose goal is the dream of eliminating all types of racial discrimination and oppression .In this article, the author examines four movies by qualitative and Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic method and the theory of Charles Tilly’s collective action and fundamental theories of feminism wants to show that how effective movies are in representing social movements of women. Movies seem to play a significant role in representing the social movements of women in society. Research findings indicated that the meanings represented in the films have been: Negotiating the existing situation and oriented identity, having a plan and organized collective behavior, determine the goals, having ideology, obligation and commitment, opposition to violent acts, radical movement, worthiness , commitment and unity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - Comparative study of the right of imprisonment in jurisprudence, Iranian and Canadian law
Tohid Ebadi Alireza Lotfi Ebrahim NoshadiRight of lien is one of the most important rights to have been addressed both in Iran’s and in Canada’s law considering its jurisprudent and the common-laic-system origins, respectively, though it has not been a point of consideration in Canada’s law a MoreRight of lien is one of the most important rights to have been addressed both in Iran’s and in Canada’s law considering its jurisprudent and the common-laic-system origins, respectively, though it has not been a point of consideration in Canada’s law as wide as it has been in jurisprudence and Iran’s law. The right of lien is one of the important means of guarantee for the execution of contractual obligations. By contract conclusion, both parties are bound to execute whatever they have accepted through the contract, however, despite this bind, there is a probability that both or either parties refuse to execute their contractual obligations and bring about detriments to the other party. In Iran’s and Canada’s law, it is quite understandable that the guarantee for the execution of contractual obligations should have different types which have never been directly discussed upon either in the law of Canada as a country or in the law of Iran or jurisprudence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - Investigating the Moderating Role of Audit Firms Size in the effect of Self-efficacy on Auditors' Judgment and Decision making
mina rezaie Arezoo Aghaei chadegani ehsan kamaliProfessional judgment and decision-making are key skills in auditing processes, and the auditor's ability to make high-quality decisions and judgments is under their personality traits. Auditor's self-efficacy is a kind of internal recognition of individual ca MoreProfessional judgment and decision-making are key skills in auditing processes, and the auditor's ability to make high-quality decisions and judgments is under their personality traits. Auditor's self-efficacy is a kind of internal recognition of individual capabilities and characteristics that causes a better understanding of the job and improves the auditor's expert opinions. Therefore, the present study proposed and tested the effect of self-efficacy as factor affecting auditors' judgment and decision-making. This research is an applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in nature. Data collection in this research was done through a questionnaire made by the researcher among the members of the public accountants community of Iran using random sampling and 132 questionnaires were analyzed. Content validity was confirmed using the opinions of experts and university professors, and diagnostic validity was confirmed using the Fornell and Larcker index. After the initial implementation of the reliability test with Cronbach's alpha, the relationships between variables and factors have been investigated and confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis. Smart PLS statistical software was used to test the hypotheses. The findings showed that the auditor's self-efficacy has a positive and significant effect on the auditor's judgment and decision-making. Auditors who have more self-efficacy make more effort to judge and make professional decisions. The size of the audit firm does not have a significant moderating role on the relationship between self-efficacy and auditor's judgment and decision-making. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - Investigation relationship between stock liquidity, empire building, firms’ value (Evidence from Tehran Stock Exchange)
Marzieh Ebrahimi Shaghaghi Hossein Eslami Mofid Abadi Somayeh NajafyAbstract Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between stock liquidity, empire building and company stock valuation. The issue of liquidity in company shares is one of the important issues in the capital market for real and legal inve MoreAbstract Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between stock liquidity, empire building and company stock valuation. The issue of liquidity in company shares is one of the important issues in the capital market for real and legal investors, and the investigation of its effect on various criteria, including the imperialization of company managers and also the value of companies, has been discussed by many thinkers in financial and capital fields. . : The results of the hypothesis test show that there is a significant relationship between the liquidity of stocks and the growth criteria in the company's assets, as well as the growth in property, machinery and equipment, and in the second main hypothesis, the results show that the liquidity of stocks has a significant effect. It is worth it. The method of this research was to collect data from the database of the stock exchange organization and also library studies. The regression method used was also multi-variable, and the structure of the data entered into it was of the company year table type. To evaluate the purpose of the research, two main hypotheses have been proposed, and the results of the hypotheses have been evaluated at a significance level of 0.05. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Tourism policy and its international position With regard emphasis on service recovery in Mashhad City
suroush Amiri زهرا رجائیAbstract: Background and aim: the development of the tourism industry's most important economic activity in the world and the satisfaction of tourists from the services offered by factors increase the income of tourism and development activities in management and planni MoreAbstract: Background and aim: the development of the tourism industry's most important economic activity in the world and the satisfaction of tourists from the services offered by factors increase the income of tourism and development activities in management and planning services in accommodations role in the positive attitude tourists and create competitive advantage and National brand in the minds of tourists. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of tourists’ satisfaction in tourism policy with emphasis on service recovery that this study is conducted in two phases. Methods: The present study is descriptive (field survey). statistical population research was 3 stars and above hotels in Mashhad city (2007)., and Ekiz and Arasli standard questionnaire has been based for data collection. Results: The results of field survey is conducted with the help pls service recovery software with satisfaction, loyalty, verbal communication of tourists are associated and in the second phase of the appropriate policies with regard to revive tourism services (service recovery). as well as various factors affecting the creation of national brand in the minds of tourists is to be studied. These factors include the tourism attractive to tourists, training and deployment of trained and experienced staff, quality staff, quality of service, cost for tourists (price)., and speedy settlement of claims and complaints were tourists Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - checking Character of Sudabeh with Marvin Zuckerman's Excitement Theory
vajihe torkamani barandooziThe study of Sudabeh’s character according to Marvin Zuckerman’s theory of sensation seeking *Vajihe Torkamani Barandoozi Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad University, Chalous Branch, Iran Date of reception: 97/1/2 Date of acceptance: 97/12/15 A MoreThe study of Sudabeh’s character according to Marvin Zuckerman’s theory of sensation seeking *Vajihe Torkamani Barandoozi Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad University, Chalous Branch, Iran Date of reception: 97/1/2 Date of acceptance: 97/12/15 Abstract One of the unique characteristics of shahnameh is that it reflects and portrays masterfully moral and psychological characteristic of man in every period. Considering the enormous potentials it offers for investigation employing different contemporary scientific views and theories, it is the purpose of this article to apply Zuckermna’s theory to Sudabeh’s character. Due to the structure and dynamic theme Sudabeh’s tale has, it lends itself to the psychological analysis the results of which could be served to control the reactions arising from the sensation seeking desires of man today. Sensation seeking is a theory proposed by Marvin Zuckerman, the contemporary psychologist. This theory consists of several fundamental characteristics which determines man’s essence. Looking at Sudabeh’s character through the lens of this theory indicate that every four parameters Zuchkerman proposes are present in her indecent actions and behaviors. She is adventurous, self-centered, challenging in seeking a partner in Hamavaran; she is in pursuit of new sensational experience, avoids monotony, and indulges in reckless behavior prohibited in the court of Iran’s king. * . torkamani.vajihe@gmail.com Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - National and Patriotic functions in Ra’di Azarakhshi’s poetry using epic approach
Faramarz Ahmadi Mehdi Mahoozi Mahmoud TavoosiIn every society there exists a kind of collective consciousness known as national awareness and it is expressed in Persian literature as national patriotic theme. The purpose of this article is to discuss and evaluate Gholam Ali Ra’di Azarakhshi’s vie MoreIn every society there exists a kind of collective consciousness known as national awareness and it is expressed in Persian literature as national patriotic theme. The purpose of this article is to discuss and evaluate Gholam Ali Ra’di Azarakhshi’s viewpoints regarding Persian language, culture, civilization, and social values of Iran and to study and analyze national and patriotic themes in his compositions. Furthermore, the application of contemporary epic literature in his compositions is studied. Using descriptive analytic and library approach the attempt is made in this article to study themes such as patriotism, antagonism towards enemy, also to study national and historical characters. The results obtained show that Ra’di paid special attention towards contemporary epic functions such as anti-colonialism, national identity and language, preservation of independence and territorial integrity. His attitude towards the concept of homeland and patriotism is to a large extent different from that of other poets. The vastness of his thoughts in celebrating national and historical figures spans past till present characters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - Analysis of a verse from Rostam and Sohrab based on the Minstrels’ narration and Kurdish Shahnameh
Jalil Ahangar nezhad Ali heidaryAbstract The story of Rostam and Sohrab is one of the most famous epic tales in the world. Despite its beauty and literary and artistic value, it is not exempt from some flaws in narrating the story. These flaws whether originated from Ferdowsi’s sourc MoreAbstract The story of Rostam and Sohrab is one of the most famous epic tales in the world. Despite its beauty and literary and artistic value, it is not exempt from some flaws in narrating the story. These flaws whether originated from Ferdowsi’s sources, Ferdowsi himself and Shahnameh editors are not very significant. This article deals mainly with the manner in which Sohrab addresses his mother Tahmineh about his origin. Spontaneously and furiously Sohrab questions his mother about his father’s name and ruthlessly threatens to kill her if she fails to provide an answer. In different editions of Shahnameh, there is not a justified and acceptable answer to this question, however in minstrels’ narration and also in Kurdish Shahnameh the main reason for raising the question with such rage is well accounted for. The extraordinary might of Sohrab among the boys of his age and the fact that Sohrab is the fruit of the union between Rostam and Tahmineh outside the customary wedlock prompts his comrades to question his lineage and regard him as illegitimate child. Sohrab’s fury of such insult explains why he questions his mother about the secret of his birth with such rage and menace. Keywords Rostam, Sohrab, Ferdowsi, Minstrels’ narration, Kurdish Shahnameh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - Guardianship and adoption in Shahnameh Ferdowsi according to convention of children’s rights (1989)
somayeh ershadi Ahmad ZakeriAbstract The relationship between guardianship and adoption is a legal one. It has certain characteristics and necessitates special circumstances which according to its historical background and particular outlook in ancient Persia, various examples of it are seen MoreAbstract The relationship between guardianship and adoption is a legal one. It has certain characteristics and necessitates special circumstances which according to its historical background and particular outlook in ancient Persia, various examples of it are seen in Shahnameh. The purpose of this study is to examine different aspects of the rights of these adopted children in Shahnameh and to analyze the cases according to the articles of the convention of children’s rights. This document, Shahnameh is the first international agreement which supports the children’s rights and respects the same rights and privileges of a natural child for the adopted ones to the best interests of child. Different studies demonstrate that the guardianship and adoptions in Shahnameh had roots in social, political, and cultural factors and the economic coercion by no means had any role in the affair, the main concern being the cultivation and raising of children irrespective of winning the benefits gained in the process. The overall attention of the guardians towards the rights of these children are indeed praiseworthy. The emotional aspect in particular is an integral part of the guardian’s responsibility unlike the weak performances seen from some families in this regard. Keywords: Guardianship, adoption, the convention of children’s rights, child, Shahnameh Ferdowsi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - Moulana’s spirituality in Contemporary Era
Azarmidokht SafaviThe purpose of this article is to point out moral and spiritual foundations which were drawn from the words of Moulanapresent whether in Masnavi, Ghazaliat orFihe ma fih in order to demonstrate that in the midst of crisis and unrest of the present world how these rich m MoreThe purpose of this article is to point out moral and spiritual foundations which were drawn from the words of Moulanapresent whether in Masnavi, Ghazaliat orFihe ma fih in order to demonstrate that in the midst of crisis and unrest of the present world how these rich moral principles can be illuminating and soothing, to the contemporaryanguished man. Empathy, kindness towards people, aversion to injustice, liberality, and indulgence are characteristics selected among other grand thoughts of Moulana and emphasized by the author. lass=Style10ptFirstline1cmLinespacingExactly17pt>The main focus of this article is the great service made by Hosam al-Din to Persian literature and Iranians. His pivotal role and influence in composition of Masnavi is further exemplified by bringing evidence from Masnavi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - Love rode in on two steeds
Hassan AnvariThis article provides a brief introduction to the story of creation of man. God commands the angels to bring some dust from the earth and that among them only the angle of death succeeds to grant God’s command by deceiving the earth. This story i MoreThis article provides a brief introduction to the story of creation of man. God commands the angels to bring some dust from the earth and that among them only the angle of death succeeds to grant God’s command by deceiving the earth. This story is included in the fifth book of Masnavi and Najm Razi’s Mersad-al-ebad for two entirely different purposes. Mowlana first speaks of the issue of good and evil and concludes that the earth’s refusal of the God’s command was for the reason not to be involved with the issue of good and evil whereas Najm Razi believes the reason to be the fear of close proximity to God stating that I have chosen the ultimate distance in order to be safe from the fear of closeness. In this narrative, interesting subtle points from both Mowlana and Najm Razi on subjects such as virtues of heart and soul, and characteristic features of angles are presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - Safir-e Simorgh in Kargahe Ankaboot
Shahin Ojagh AlizadehThe purpose of this article is to investigate and analyze Suhrawardi’s masterpiece “The Calling of Simorgh” and to examine the grand thoughts of this thinker. On the surface, this valuable work seems to be a treatise on mysticism explaining the s MoreThe purpose of this article is to investigate and analyze Suhrawardi’s masterpiece “The Calling of Simorgh” and to examine the grand thoughts of this thinker. On the surface, this valuable work seems to be a treatise on mysticism explaining the stages of Suluk and the secrets of Gnosticism, but in fact is a voluminous book, summarized for instructional purposes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - Mowlana’s cry, Masnavi’s gem
Ali SanayeiThis article aims at discussing the main concepts in Masnavi. An analysis of the content is also offered from the point of view of Molla Sadra’s three principle and Mowlana’s Gnosticism.This article aims at discussing the main concepts in Masnavi. An analysis of the content is also offered from the point of view of Molla Sadra’s three principle and Mowlana’s Gnosticism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - The study of the impact of frequency on the length of word
Shahla Sharifi Elham ziaee Ghochan AtighFrequency in linguistics like in other scientific fields has numerous applications and on this basis variety of definitions have been put forward. In this article what is meant by frequency is the number of times that a linguistic element appears in a text hence i MoreFrequency in linguistics like in other scientific fields has numerous applications and on this basis variety of definitions have been put forward. In this article what is meant by frequency is the number of times that a linguistic element appears in a text hence it involves statistical works. The purpose of this article is to study the Zyf’s law which is concerned with the relationship between the frequency and the length of the word and to apply this law to Farsi texts. For this purpose two texts, modern and old consisting of 1500 words have been selected and the impact of frequency on the length of dictionary and naghshi words have been analyzed. The outcome of this analysis supports the Zyf’l aw in the Persian language. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - The inner unity of religions in Mowlana’s thoughts
Akbar GhorbaniIslamic Gnostic tradition whose principles and teachings are well portrayed in the works of Moslem mystics is central to our cultural heritage and religious identity. Revision of such works in order to discover its potentialities at a time when globalization and d MoreIslamic Gnostic tradition whose principles and teachings are well portrayed in the works of Moslem mystics is central to our cultural heritage and religious identity. Revision of such works in order to discover its potentialities at a time when globalization and dialogue among civilization are of prime importance, is a commitment laid on the shoulder of great scholars. In this article Mowlana’s thoughts are revised to find the footprints of a new theory in the field of comparative religious studies, that is inner unity of religions which is based on the separation of religious law, and the mystic path encountered often in his works. Insisting upon the main principle of ‘unity of existence’ he regards the inner contents of religions far superior to their outward surface. The unifying thought of Mowlana in this regard is expressed sometimes based on the multiplicity of forms and unity of essence, and sometimes is based upon the unity of truth and difference in views. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - Moulana and the Universal Peace
Mohammad Navid BazarganThe present article seeks to find an answer to the question whether or notMoulana in the roots of his pluralistic thoughts is essentially the propagator of the world peace and non-violence in modern terms. Thus attempt is made to bring examples from Moulana’ MoreThe present article seeks to find an answer to the question whether or notMoulana in the roots of his pluralistic thoughts is essentially the propagator of the world peace and non-violence in modern terms. Thus attempt is made to bring examples from Moulana’s encounter with the phenomenon of Tatar and overt violence seen in the 7th century AH, and to examine his main line of thought in comparison with the modes of thoughts of the propagators of non-violence such as Ghandi, Martin Luther King, Desmond Toto,… in order to draw a clear picture based on points of similarities and differences. �ورد بررسی قرار گرفته، بر روی موارد اشتراک و افتراق داوری روشنگرانهای صورت گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - Criticism of ignorance and superstitiousness in the Contemporary Poetry
Ali Asqar Halabi Neamat Esfahani OmranOne of the discussions in the contemporary Poetry especially in the last few decades which has won great favor by the scholars and had produced valuable works is the field of literary criticism. Sociological criticism, one of its branches studies the work in its s MoreOne of the discussions in the contemporary Poetry especially in the last few decades which has won great favor by the scholars and had produced valuable works is the field of literary criticism. Sociological criticism, one of its branches studies the work in its social milieu especially in terms of engaged literature examines the social ills in a society in order to reveal and express the bitter realities and pains so that the audience could reflect upon them and in this way get aid to find a remedy for those crisis. (farzad, 1378, 71) The subject which ought to be dealt with utmost sensibility is the problem of growing superstition and ignorance in the contemporary poetry in Iran from the beginning of Constitutionalism till 1357. A major problem which is unfortunately not dealt with seriously by the scholars in contemporary literature. For this reason we were encouraged to study and examine the impact of superstition on the poetry at the time of constitutionalism and at Nima’s time. As a background of the study, briefly the roots of the problem in Iran’s past and contemporary history were dealt with and where possible evidence and example from the contemporary poetry were presented and analyzed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - Critical Commentary on Abu Nuwas, the Iranian Poet
Yousef Hadipour NehzamiThroughout history appeared great men and women who strove to depict human suffering and expectations. As much as they resisted the worn out traditions of their society and rebelled against the oppressors, selfish opportunists attempted to put out the flame kindle MoreThroughout history appeared great men and women who strove to depict human suffering and expectations. As much as they resisted the worn out traditions of their society and rebelled against the oppressors, selfish opportunists attempted to put out the flame kindled by them and distort their image. One such example is Abu Nuwas, the great Iranian poet who lived in the Abassid era in the second century Hegira. His intelligence propelled him to present his avant-garde views in the form of wine poetry known as Khamriyyat because of which he was insulted and endured years of imprisonment. This article hopes to provide an inspective revision of his personal life and his scholarly literary character based on reliable historical references in order to unveil the shadows surrounding his life and to pave the way to a better understanding of his Khamriyyat, which is absolutely unique within the domain of Arabic Poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - Arnavaz and Shahrnaz A search for the origin of these names in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh
Pariya ZavarehianArnavaz and Shahrnaz’s character, the enviable Jamshid’s sisters in Shahnameh has mythological roots in Avesta, the great religious book in the Ancient Persia. Although out of twenty one sections of Avesta, only five has remained today giving little in MoreArnavaz and Shahrnaz’s character, the enviable Jamshid’s sisters in Shahnameh has mythological roots in Avesta, the great religious book in the Ancient Persia. Although out of twenty one sections of Avesta, only five has remained today giving little information about these two royalties, nevertheless by putting together the contents of Avesta and Arabic translations of the Middle Persian texts, and also small yet mysterious hints made by the great Ferdowsi regarding these two characters one can depict a clear picture of them and illustrate their influential role in giving rise to different generations. In this article attempt is made not only to highlight this picture, but also to draw attention to the key role played by women in Shahnameh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - The Study of the stylistic features and motifs in Kalim Kashani’s Ghazaliat
Mahmud Sadegh ZadehKalim Kashani is a creative, balanced, and prolific poet who has tried his hand in all types of poetry but his main reputation is for his lyricism. Kalim’s Ghazaliat apart from having common features of Indian style, due to its poetic force of creativity, ri MoreKalim Kashani is a creative, balanced, and prolific poet who has tried his hand in all types of poetry but his main reputation is for his lyricism. Kalim’s Ghazaliat apart from having common features of Indian style, due to its poetic force of creativity, richness of diction and semantics, and lyrical inclinations, it has linguistic, literary features. The art of Kalim lies in his creation of imagery, content and he uses all the rhetoric possibilities of language in such a simple clear manner that makes his dense imagery far from complexity and ambiguity. Similies in Ghazaliat Kalim is divided into three parts: wide, farfetched, and favourite. In his Ghazaliat, Kalim uses mostly perceptual metaphors and sometimes he creates novel imagery out of non poetic subjects. Although parallelism is the main feature of Saeb’s poetry, but Kalim is known to be the pioneer of this style and it is the characteristic of his poetry. Kalim’s Ghazaliat in terms of mental and spiritual states is expressive of his philosophical and lyrical thoughts. The frequency of words, and his particular motifs in many cases is representative of his speculative and skeptical philosophical ideas. The main feature of his Ghazaliat is the application of such motifs which is the core of imagination and it reveals his perspective of life. In this research, the analysis of his Ghazaliat with reference to previous studies has been made and examples were given. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - Reconciliation with the justice of Haqq Psychological determinism and sociological free willinismin Moulana’s view
Hassan JafariTabarThe biggest problem of free will is our anxiety and uncertainty,but the worst drawback of determinism, is irresponsibility. By uniting free will and determinism, Moulana sets forth a theory which he designates Jabbari. According to him Jabbari me MoreThe biggest problem of free will is our anxiety and uncertainty,but the worst drawback of determinism, is irresponsibility. By uniting free will and determinism, Moulana sets forth a theory which he designates Jabbari. According to him Jabbari means the acceptance of determinism from the psychological point of view and acceptance of free will from the sociological point of view; that is to say accept whatever happens sinceit was meant to be hence neither hate yourself nor hate the other, at the same time both accept the responsibility of your conduct consciously and also demand the responsibility of the other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - On Recitation of Moulana Jalal al-Din Mohammad Balkhi’s works in the West
Mohammad Jafar MahallatiThis article is an attempt to present a brief report regarding new poetry recitation of Moulana’s works in the west. These recitations which are on the increase both quantitatively and qualitatively often lead to insights and visions which are quite new to e MoreThis article is an attempt to present a brief report regarding new poetry recitation of Moulana’s works in the west. These recitations which are on the increase both quantitatively and qualitatively often lead to insights and visions which are quite new to eastern readers and Farsi speakers. In Parts, this article is devoted to the manner in which the popularity of the name Rumi in modern life of the western world was gained andhow fast Moulana has reachedsuch new heights of popularity is further revealed to the reader along with providing references. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - The study of the characteristics of Dehkhoda’s journalistic prose
Mohammad Navid Bazargan Ali GHolamiUpon the victory of Constitutional Revolution, journalism came out of the monopoly of the court, and its adorned style soon fell out of favor. In this way at the same time that language as a means of power was set free from the influence of the court, freedom of s MoreUpon the victory of Constitutional Revolution, journalism came out of the monopoly of the court, and its adorned style soon fell out of favor. In this way at the same time that language as a means of power was set free from the influence of the court, freedom of speech began its short illuminating period. Dehkhoda who was regarded as one of the key literary figures of his time, in his political struggle, resorted to language and writing. He introduced in his prose variety of language genres that existed in that social climate and set it against the unique language of the Court. Taking advantage of the colloquial language, he removed the gap that existed for centuries between the written and spoken language and in this way paved the way for simplifying the Farsi writing style. This article is concerned with the study of Dehkhoda’s journalistic prose style and it demonstrates the different styles he has employed in his fight through the language. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - The image of society in the poetry of Seyyed Ashraf al- Din Gilani “Nasim Shomal”
Afsaneh Varasteh far Delshad Ameri Afsar Afshari NaderiThe Sociological approach to literature is one of the newest fields in sociology. In this field, the religious, moral, social, economical, political and ideological ambience of society in connection with literature is investigated. Within this framework the poetry of As MoreThe Sociological approach to literature is one of the newest fields in sociology. In this field, the religious, moral, social, economical, political and ideological ambience of society in connection with literature is investigated. Within this framework the poetry of Ashraf al-Din Gilani, a popular poet of the constitutional period is analyzed. New concepts such as home, government, nation, freedom, law are abundant in this period. Although some of these words were seen in poetry in the past, yet we are confronted with a modern application of them which arose from the new ideas of constitutionalism and dominance of people. Nasim Shomal’s poetry has been chosen because it is thought that due to low level of literacy of most Iranians in that period people could better memorize the poems since they were rhythmic and had a conversational style and people were better influenced by their contents. Gilani came from the North, lived among and with people and was well aware of the peoples’ lives and their preoccupations hence he could very well relate with them. In this article, first we have divided the events in the constitution period into three parts in terms of social, political and economical aspects, and then we have classified the themes of the poems of his Divan accordingly. The concordance of the themes with the historical events reveals that the poet was conscious of his time and he has very well reflected inconveniences, hopes, class differences, poverty, family problems, and etc in his poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - Moulana and Minimalism (Study of Minimalistic stories in Divan Shams)
Ramin Sadeghi NejadRegarding literary theory and criticism, it is customary to believe that one can only apply them to contemporary texts. However criticism is a scientific tool and every text, whether classic or contemporary, from the modern perspective is prone to criticism and ex MoreRegarding literary theory and criticism, it is customary to believe that one can only apply them to contemporary texts. However criticism is a scientific tool and every text, whether classic or contemporary, from the modern perspective is prone to criticism and examination. One of the literary genres which has undergone significant changes over the recent years is the short story and a new offshoot of storytelling which becomes shorter and more concise each day is termed minimalism and as the name suggests in Farsi it is named and . They both share common characteristics. In rich classic Persian literature whether in prose or poetry, there are numerous anecdotes and stories which in many respects fall into the category of minimalistic stories. The present article is an attempt to present and examine examples of such stories fromMoulana’s Divan Kabir. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - Masnavi and Ghazal two arenas for manifestation of Persian Poetry and Moulana’s mastery in these two realms
Manouchehr DaneshPajouhIt is known that in Persian poetry 10 verse forms have been used by the outstanding composers of the Persian poetry for more than a thousand year, but in terms of volume and quantity, and also in terms of quality and pleasantness they are not of the same rank and some m MoreIt is known that in Persian poetry 10 verse forms have been used by the outstanding composers of the Persian poetry for more than a thousand year, but in terms of volume and quantity, and also in terms of quality and pleasantness they are not of the same rank and some more than others reveal the true value of Persian poetry. Masnavi and Ghazal within all verse forms are of particular importance. Moulana acquired his fame in these two realms and with the composition of Masnavi and Ghazaliat Shams in these genres, gave special credit to them. Manuscript profile
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