The effect of the influencing factors on quality standards of streetscaps; an analysis of Tehran’s first rigon streetscape

Subject Areas : Life Space Journal

Roja  Arjomandnia ¹ (PhD student, Department of Art and Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Pardis Branch, Tehran, Iran)
Heidar  Jahanbakhsh ² (Associate Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Payamnoor, Tehran, Iran)
Maryam  Cheshmeghasabani ³ (Assistant Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Pardis Branch, Tehran, Iran)
Mohammadreza  Mehrabani Golzar ⁴ (Assistant Professor, Department of Art and Architecture, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran)

Received: 2023-04-07 Accepted : 2023-10-07 Published : 2024-05-02

Keywords: Fa&ccedil, ade&rsquo, s factors, Norm, city, Streetscape, Conceptual framework,

Abstract :

Urban facades play an important role in increasing the visual quality of the city and achieving visual pleasure. For this reason, the role of urban facades as the main elements of the facade can be seen. Elements of urban facades, along with designing methods, the structure of a single façade, and at the end, all the facades make a streetscape. The current research method is descriptive-analytical and generally is a hybrid research method that uses the paradigm of pragmatism. First, by inductive reasoning, the frequency of design components in the theories of 23 urban design theorists was collected. Then, the components of Tehran Region 1 municipal rules were added to other components. Using content analysis, the main indicators of the research have been categorized by the Q operating system method. In the experimental part, the open unstructured interview technique and the Delphi method were used as research tools to form the conceptual framework. The subjects of the first stage of the research included ten specialists and professors in architecture and urban design who were selected by snowball method. The components were categorized into three general categories: design components, design methods, and streetscape design norms to determine the hierarchy of streetscape design. In the next step, the research indicators were tested. A questionnaire containing 30 questions with a 7-option scale answer was given to 54 architecture and urban planning experts. In this questionnaire, the importance of each component has been discussed. Statistical information was collected from the given answers, and different statistical methods and tests were used to conclude using SPSS22 software. First, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for the reliability of the questionnaire. Then, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to check the normality of the data. Finally, the conceptual framework model was structurally compared with the help of Friedman's scoring test, and the statistical results were categorized and presented. Among the design components of the facade, there were 12 components. The precision in the design of these components is effective in achieving the desired streetscape. The most effective was the ground floor design to create harmony between the facades. The second important component was the precision in the design of the side facades of the buildings to have the desired streetscape. It is reminded that these side bodies (by the excuse of having neighbors in the future), without design or matching with the rest of the facades, make the buildings without design and cause inconsistency in the entire urban streetscape. Form and shape, design details and filled and empty surfaces were other effective components on the streetscape. Filled and empty surfaces, ground-level lines, openings, and facade lines were ranked fifth to eighth in importance. Skyline, material, color, pattern, and desired repetition were ranked 9th to 12th in importance. Factors were used to categorize and draw conclusions from statistical information from SPSS22 software. The research findings show that: • Using suitable façade design methods, façade design components can be transformed into a desirable streetscape with harmony, unity, and continuity, which are called streetscape design norms in this article. • The Urban streetscape norms include harmony, unity, and continuity. • The effect of the “ground floor design” component (with an average rating of 8.02) on improving the physical quality of urban streetscape is ranked first. • The “Side facades” component (with an average rating of 7.94) is ranked second. • The “Form and shape” component (with an average rating of 7.56) ranks third. • The “Design details” component (with an average rating of 6.98) is ranked fourth. • The “full and empty levels” component (with an average rating of 6.59) ranks fifth. • The “ground level line” component (with an average rating of 6.57) ranks sixth. • The “openings” component (with an average rating of 6.46) ranks seventh. • The “Outline” component (with an average rating of 6.41) ranks eighth. • The “Skyline” component (with an average rating of 6.36) ranks ninth. • The “Materials” component (with an average rating of 5.39) is ranked tenth. • The “Color” component (an average: 4.88) is ranked 11th. • The “Pattern and Repetition” component ( an average: 4.83) ranks twelfth. So, the most influential components belong to the design of the ground floor and the side facades of the buildings,