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Open Access Article
1 - The legal status of children out of wedlock in Iranian law and Imami jurisprudence
esmat savadi mahboub ghorbaniChildren born out of the marital relationship , are those who are considered legitimate or illegitimate children as per the regulations and/or in case of absence of the provisions of law, according to the decree of the religious authorities. In case the children are dee MoreChildren born out of the marital relationship , are those who are considered legitimate or illegitimate children as per the regulations and/or in case of absence of the provisions of law, according to the decree of the religious authorities. In case the children are deemed legitimate, like the children born after mistaken intercourse, they shall enjoy the rights appertaining to the legal and legitimate children. But in case they are deemed illegitimate children, like those who are born through adultery, their lineage shall be considered unlawful and illegitimate according to the legal view. Following the Emamieh jurisprudence, as mentioned in article 1167 of the Civil Code of the Islamic Republic of Iran, a child born through adultery shall not belong to the adulterer. This concept means that the law overlooks the natural descent of the illegitimate child, as well as the legal effects of the relationship such as guardianship, custody, maintenance, and legacy. So the rights and duties laid down in the law for the children shall only include the legitimate children. Now this fundamental question arises that where the illegitimate children stand in our legal system and who is responsible for their financial and non-financial rights? This thesis investigates the children born out of the marital relationship as well as their rights and it aims at proposing appropriate suggestions in concert with the equality of the rights of the children in question with those born in a marital relationship. Key Words: Legal Status, Children born through adultery, Left infant, Children born after mistaken intercourse, Children born after artificial insemination, Law of Islamic Republic of Iran, Emamieh Jurisprudence Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Al-Banū Razin and the Muslim Berber-Arab Relations in the Middle Age Andalusia
sohrab eslami Younes Farahmand hadi alemzadehReferences Abbādī, Mukhtār Aḥmad, Fī tarīkh al-Maghrib wa l-Andalus, Beirut, Dar Al-nahḍa, (Un d.). Abū Muṣṭafā, Kamāl Sayyid, Buḥūth fī tarikh wa ḥaḍāra al- Andalus fī l-Aṣr al-Islāmī, Alexandria, Markaz-i Iskandariyya lil-kitāb, 1997 AD/1417 AH. Akhbār madjmūa fī fatḥ MoreReferences Abbādī, Mukhtār Aḥmad, Fī tarīkh al-Maghrib wa l-Andalus, Beirut, Dar Al-nahḍa, (Un d.). Abū Muṣṭafā, Kamāl Sayyid, Buḥūth fī tarikh wa ḥaḍāra al- Andalus fī l-Aṣr al-Islāmī, Alexandria, Markaz-i Iskandariyya lil-kitāb, 1997 AD/1417 AH. Akhbār madjmūa fī fatḥl-Andalus, Revised by Ibrāhīm Ābyārī, Beirut, Dār al-kutub al-Lubnānī, 1989 AD, 1409 AH. , Dawla al-islām fī l-Andalus, al-ʿAṣr al-awwal al-ḳism al-awwal, Min al-fatḥ ilā bidāya ʿahd al-Nāṣir, Cairo, Maktaba Khāndjī, 1997 AD/ 1417 AH؛ Abdolmuhammad Ayati(trans.), Tehran, keyhanbook, 2001/ 1380. Ibid, duwal al-ṭawādhu ḳiyam-hā ḥattā al-fatḥ al-Murābiṭī, Cairo, Maktaba Khāndjī, 1997 AD/1417 AH؛ Abdolmuhammad Ayati(trans.), Tehran, keyhanbook, 1988/ 1367. Arslān, Shakīb, al-Ḥulal al-sundusiyya fī al-akhbār wa al-āthār l-Andalusiyya, Cairo, Kalamāt-i ʿArabiyya lil-Tardjuma wa al-nashr, (Un d.). Bubāya,ʿAbd al-Ḳādir, al-Barbar fī l-Andalus wa mawḳifuhum min fitna al-ḳarn al-khāmis al-hidjrī 422-492 AH, Beirut, Dār al-kitāb al-ʿilmiyya, 2011 AD/1432 AH. Ḍabbī, Aḥmad b. Yahyā b. Aḥmad b. ʾAmīra, Bughyat al-multamis fī tarīkh ridjāl ahl l-Andalus, Cairo, Dār al-Kātib al-ʿArabī, 1967 AD/1386 AH. Hadjdjī, ʿAbd al-RaḥmānʿAlī, al-Tarīkh al-Andalus, Beirut, Dār al-Ḳalam, ( 2nd ed.), 1981 AD/1401 AH. Ḥaḳḳī, Muḥammad, al-barbar fī al-Andalus, (Un d.), Shirkat al-Nashr wa al-Tūzīʿ al-Madāris, (1st ed.), 2001 AD/1421 AH. Hayik, Simon, Abd al-Raḥmān al-Dākhil ṣaḳr ḳuraysh, (Un d.), 1982 AD/1402 AH. Ḥimyarī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Munʿim, al-Rawḍ al-miār fī khabar al-aḳṭār, Revised by Iḥsān ʿAbbās, Beirut, Maktaba Lubnān, 1984 AD/1404 AH. Ibn Abbār, Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad b. ʿAbdallāh b. Abībakr, al-ḥulla al-siyarā, Revised by Ḥusayn Mūnis, Cairo, Dār al-Muʿārif, 1985 AD/1405 AH. Ibn Bassām, Abu ʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī, al-Dhakhīra fī maḥāsin ahl al-djazīra, Beirut, Dār al-Thaḳāfa, 1997 AD/1417 AH. Ibn Ḥayyān, Abū Marwān Ḥayyān b. Khalaf, Muḳtabis, al-Sifr al-Thānī, Revised by Maḥmūd ʿAlī Makkī, Riadh, Markaz al-Malik Fīṣal lil-Buḥūth wa al-Dirāsāt al-Islāmiyya, 2002 AD/1422 AH. Ibid, Muḳtabis, Revised by Maḥmūd ʿAlī Makkī, Beirut, Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1973 AD/1392 AH. Ibid, Muḳtabis,Nashr-i Pedro Shālmītā, Madrid, al-mʿahad al-Isbānī al-ʿArabī al-Thaḳāfa Kulliyya al-Ādāb biʾl-Ribāṭ, 1979 AD/1392 AH. Ibid, Muḳtabis, al-Sifr al Sādis, Revised by ʿAbd al-Raḥman ʿAlī Ḥadjdjī, Beirut, Dār al-Thaḳāfa, 1956 AD/1375 AH. Ibid, Muḳtabis, al-Sifr al Sādis, Revised by Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn al-Hawārī, Beirut, Maktaba al-ʿAṣriyya, 2006 AD/1426 AH. Ibn Ḥazm Andalusī, Abī Muḥammad ʿAlī b. Aḥmad b. Saʿīd, Djamharat ansāb al-arab, Revised by ʿAbd al-Salām Muḥammad Hārūn, Cairo, Dār al-Muʿārif, 1982 AD/ 1402 AH. Ibn ʿIdhārī, Abu ʾl-ʿAbbās Aḥmad b. Muḥammad, al-Bayān al-mughrib fī akhbār mulūk al-Andalus wa l-maghrib, G.S. Colin & Lévi Provençal, Beirut, Dār al-Thaḳāfa, 1983 AD/1403 AH. Ibn Khaldūn, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Muḥammad, al-Ibar wa al-dīwan l-mubtadi wa al-Khabar fī tarikh al-Arab wa al-Adjam wa al-Barbar wa-min āṣarāhum min zawī al-sulṭān al-akbar, Revised by Khalīl Shiḥāda, Beirut, Dār al-Fikr, 1988 AD/1408 AH. Ibn al-Khaṭīb, Dhu ʾl-Wizāratayn Lisān al-Dīn, al-iḥāṭa fī akhbār Gharnāṭa, Revised by Muḥammad ʿAbdallāh ʿAnān, Cairo, Maktaba al-Khāndjī, 1973 AD/1392 AH. Ibid, Amāl al-aalām fī-man būyia ḳabl al-iḥtilām min mulūk al-Islām, Revised by Lévi Provençal, Beirut, Dār al-Makshūf, 1956 AD/1375 AH. Idrīsī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbdallāh, Ṣafa al-Maghrib wa arz al-Sūdān wa Miṣr wa l-Andalus, Leiden, Brill Publishers, 1866 AD/1282 AH. Khushanī, Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad b. Ḥārith b. Asad, Ḳuḍat Ḳurṭūba wa ulama Ifriḳiya, Revised by Sayyid ʿIzzat ʿAṭṭār Ḥusaynī, Cairo, Maktaba Khāndjī, 1994 AD/1414 AH. Mafākhir al-barbar, Revised by ʿAbd al-Ḳādir Būbaya, Rabat, Dār Abī Raḳrāḳ lil-Ṭabāʿa wa al-nashr, 2005 AD/1425 AH. Mūnis, Ḥusayn, Maālim tarīkh al-Maghrib wa al-Andalus, (Un d.), Maktaba al-Āsirra, 2004 AD/1424 AH. Provençal, Lévi, al-Islām fī al-Maghrib wa l-Andalus, Maḥmūd ʿAbd Al-azīz Sālim & Muḥammad Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn Ḥilmī(trans.), Cairo, Dār al-Nahḍa-i Miṣr, 1956 AD/1357 AH. Rāshid, ʿAbd al-Djalīl ʿAbd al-Rizā, “Dawr al-Barbar fī suḳūṭ al-dawla al-Umayya fī ʾl-Andalus”, Baghdad, Madjalla al-Muarrikh al-arabī, 1977 AD/1397 AH. Sālim, Sayyid ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, Tarīkh al-Muslimīn wa Āthāruhum fī l-Andalus min al-fatḥ al-Arabī ḥattā suḳūṭ al- Khilāfat bi-ḳurṭūba, Alexandria: Mūʾassa Shabāb al-Djāmiʿa, 1999 AD/1419 AH. Yāḳūt Hamawī, Abū ʿAbdullāh Yaʿḳūb b. ʿAbdullāh, Mudjam al-buldān, Beirut, Dār ṣādir, 1995 AD/1415 AH. Ziriklī, Khayr al-Dīn b. Maḥmūd b. Muḥammad, al-Alām, Beirut, Dār al-ʿIlm lil-Mullāʾiyn, 2002 AD/1422 AH. Al Banū Razin was among the prominent Berber families of Andalusia that their ancestor arrived there with Tariq ibn Ziyad. They went, firstly, to Cordoba, then to Christian borderlines and finally settled down in Albarracin, a district of Santaver. It was a military area located in thighr ‘awsat (the middle borderline) during the Umayyad era. Therefore, its residents could play a significant role in the maintaining the power of Umayyads in this area. Similar to other Berbers who were dissatisfied with the Arabs and the Umayyads, Al Banū Razin and their rulers played a dual role. Although they had submitted to the Andalusian Umayyad Caliphate, as Umayyad government was weakened in the early 5th century A.H., they declared independence and established a dominant government in Albarracin. Furthermore, to secure their interests, they never involved in the political conflicts and disputes between their neighbors at the time. However they adopted a confrontational approach towards the Umayyad caliphs. The policies taken by the Banū Razin governors prove that, similar to other Berbers, Al Banū Razin significantly contributed to the decline and collapse of the Umayyad Empire and reducing of Muslim power in Andalusia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The Effect of Social Factors On The Behavior Of Investors In The Iranian Capital Market
arezoo khosravani ghodratollah Talebnia Fatemeh SarrafIn the present study, the effect of social factors on the behavior of investors in the Iranian capital market was investigated. The present study is an applied research in terms of purpose and to examine the relationships between variables among descriptive-survey resea MoreIn the present study, the effect of social factors on the behavior of investors in the Iranian capital market was investigated. The present study is an applied research in terms of purpose and to examine the relationships between variables among descriptive-survey research. The statistical population of the present study was real investors with a high volume of investment in the Tehran Stock Exchange. 384 people were selected for distribution of the questionnaire and data were collected by simple random sampling method. In the present study, a questionnaire whose validity and reliability were assessed was used to collect data. SPSS and lisrel software were used for statistical tests. The results of the research model test showed that social interactions have a significant effect on foresight and risk tolerance. The media also influences futurism and risk tolerance, and social status affects risk tolerance. Foresight and tolerance also have a significant effect on investor behavior, although the impact and social status on foresight was not confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Identification of indicators and status of outsourcing in the executive organs of Mazandaran province
Fazel Zareian Baghgah saeid emamgholizadeh Mehrdad MataniBackground: The phenomenon of outsourcing is a new thing in organizational affairs and administrative systems, so the purpose of this study is to identify the indicators and status of outsourcing in the executive organs of Mazandaran province.Method: The statistical pop MoreBackground: The phenomenon of outsourcing is a new thing in organizational affairs and administrative systems, so the purpose of this study is to identify the indicators and status of outsourcing in the executive organs of Mazandaran province.Method: The statistical population of the qualitative section included experts including the heads, managers and supervisors of outsourcing projects of the executive organs of Mazandaran province and the statistical population of the quantitative part also included senior managers, middle managers and managers and employees of the executive organs. The sample size was 11 in the qualitative section and 228 in the quantitative section. Findings: Considering all the indicators except the criteria for taking necessary measures for outsourcing in the organization, the organization in outsourcing, transferring new technical knowledge from other organizations and companies to the organization during outsourcing and creating high capacity With outsourcing of services, the citizens do not change the amount of money they pay to provide outsourcing services and the index of checking the place of outsourcing in the contract is in a good position.Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it can be stated that the executive bodies of Mazandaran province are fully prepared in terms of outsourcing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The four dimensions of health in the content of provincial radio-based health programs (Emphasizing the use and lifestyle of the citizens of Hamadan)
nahid saadatsirat hadi khanikiAbstract The media has an important and influential role on people's health, and creating a culture of social health and public health by using media content can increase people's awareness in the field of health and social health. The media, due to its unique capabilit MoreAbstract The media has an important and influential role on people's health, and creating a culture of social health and public health by using media content can increase people's awareness in the field of health and social health. The media, due to its unique capabilities, can play an important role in the field of social health as a communication mechanism. In this article, with quantitative content analysis methods, first the content of provincial radio-based health programs in the social health dimension is extracted and analyzed, and then the lifestyle of the people of Hamadan along with their media consumption through a survey method with a statistical sample of 400 Citizens 17 years and older were identified and analyzed. The results obtained from the content analysis show that among the health-oriented programs of the provincial radio, first the social health dimension is prominent and then the mental, physical and spiritual dimensions have the highest frequency and duration, respectively. The results of the survey also show that there is a significant relationship between health-oriented lifestyle and the type of audience of health-oriented radio programs, as well as between health-oriented lifestyle and socio-economic status of individuals.Keywords: health-oriented lifestyle, type of audience, social health, health dimensions, socio-economic status. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Evaluation of Connective Status and Accessibility of Official Buildings to Plan and Manage Urban Crisis in Isfahan
Zahra Taheri Neda Rahmani -
Open Access Article
7 - Marital Status and Crowding Intensity (The Case of Multifamily Apartments in Lagos, Nigeria)
Anthony Iweka -
Open Access Article
8 - Evaluation the impact of different polyamines on some nutritional composition of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) hydroponic culture conditions
Khatereh Nejadasgari Chokami Vahid Abdossi Saeed Samavat Alireza Ladan Moghadam Pezhman Moradi -
Open Access Article
9 - Status of nutrition and health claims in dairy products and accuracy requirements in the Tehran market
Mohaddeseh Asafari Peyman Mahasti Shotorbani Hassan Hamedi -
Open Access Article
10 - Socioeconomic Status of the Fishing Households: Insight from Some Selected Coastal Area of Bangladesh
Md Asaduzzaman Shahali Shahana Mitul Kudrat Jahan -
Open Access Article
11 - Livelihood Assessment of the Fish Farmers Converted from Agricultural Farming in Selected Areas of Mymensingh District, Bangladesh
Touhidur Rahman Asad Uzzaman Shahali Shahana Mitul Mojurul Islam Limon Deb -
Open Access Article
12 - Who Benefits from Rural Change? A Study on the Nature of Social Status Uplifts in Rural Iran
Ali Shakoori -
Open Access Article
13 - The Effect of Elder Iranians' Socioeconomic and Health Status on their Position in Family
Bagher Saroukhani Mina Gharib -
Open Access Article
14 - Assessment of the Feeling of Happiness Based on Socio-Economic Status among the Young People between the Age of 15 and 29, Residing in Dist. 5 of Tehran City
Alireza Mohseni Tabrizi Negar Khazan -
Open Access Article
15 - The Socio-demographic Characteristics Associated with Food Insecurity among Vulnerable Households in a District of Tehran
Mahmoud Ghazi Tabatabaei Nasrin Omidvar Jamileh Alihosseini Abouali Vedadhir -
Open Access Article
16 - The Role of the Rashidian Brothers in the Development of Iranian Cinema (1945-1979)
Mahnaz Mohammadi Mohammad Kalhor Fereshteh Sadat Ettefaghfar -
Open Access Article
17 - The Study of the Relationship between Social Status and Work Conscience of Tehran Neighborhood Assistant Councilors
Mojtaba Arezi Seyed Naser Hejazi Ali Hashemianfar -
Open Access Article
18 - The Role of Cognitive Age in Status Consumption of Educated, Middle-Aged Iranian Consumers
Javad Abbasi Mohammad PourrezaPurpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of educated, middle-aged Iranian consumers’ cognitive age in their status consumption. Methodology – Survey method. The study was conducted in Babol. The data collection method used is the MorePurpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of educated, middle-aged Iranian consumers’ cognitive age in their status consumption. Methodology – Survey method. The study was conducted in Babol. The data collection method used is the cluster sampling method, using an age-based sample of educated, middle-aged consumers (aged 35-60 years old). The survey contained two sections on the age decade scale and on a 5-point Likert scale. Findings – The findings revealed that there is a strong negative relationship between cognitive age and status consumption. The results suggested that educated, middle-aged consumers who feel cognitively young will be more motivated to consume for status and that this relationship is moderated by both brand awareness and price consciousness. Research Limitations – Given the focus on educated, middle-aged consumers, generalizations beyond this age group should be undertaken with some reservation. We cannot generalize the results of this research and apply it to the nation as a whole, because of the cultural and religious factors that come in to play, changing the variables. Managerial implications – A study of this nature will help to shape marketers’ approach to attract educated, middle-aged consumers. Marketers should shift their focus away from regarding older consumers as old since older consumers tend to view themselves as younger than their chronological age. Originality/value – This paper investigates the role of educated, middle-aged consumers’ cognitive age in their status consumption. It extends the research by looking at the moderating effects of brand awareness and price consciousness on the relationship between educated, middle-aged consumers’ cognitive age and status consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The Role of Cognitive Age in Status Consumption of Educated, Middle-Aged Iranian Consumers
J. Abbasi M. PourrezaPurpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of educated, middle-aged Iranian consumers’ cognitive age in their status consumption. Methodology – Survey method. The study was conducted in Babol. The data collection method used&nb MorePurpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of educated, middle-aged Iranian consumers’ cognitive age in their status consumption. Methodology – Survey method. The study was conducted in Babol. The data collection method used is cluster sampling technique, using an age-based sample of educated, middle-aged consumers (aged 35-60 years old). The survey contained two sections on the age decade scale and on a 5-point Likert scale. Findings – The findings revealed that there is a strong negative relationship between cognitive age and status consumption. The results suggested that educated, middle-aged consumers who feel cognitively young will be more motivated to consume for status and that this relationship is moderated by both brand awareness and price consciousness. Research Limitations – Given the focus on educated, middle-aged consumers, generalizations beyond this age group should be undertaken with some reservation. We cannot generalize the results of this research and apply it to the nation as a whole, because of the cultural and religious factors that come in to play, changing the variables. Managerial Implications – A study of this nature will help to shape marketers’ approach to attract educated, middle-aged consumers. Marketers should shift their focus away from regarding older consumers as old since older consumers tend to view themselves as younger than their chronological age. Originality/Value – This paper investigates the role of educated, middle-aged consumers’ cognitive age in their status consumption. It extends the research by looking at the moderating effects of brand awareness and price consciousness on the relationship between educated, middle-aged consumers’ cognitive age and status consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Irans Status in the Law of Arbitration Institution with Juridical Approach
Mohammad Rahim BehbahaniArbitration and dispute resolution practices among people, old institution that was common in ancient Iran and Saudi Arabia before Islam and Islam signed it. Islam gives special importance to resolve disputes through arbitration and cited verses in the Quran, the more a MoreArbitration and dispute resolution practices among people, old institution that was common in ancient Iran and Saudi Arabia before Islam and Islam signed it. Islam gives special importance to resolve disputes through arbitration and cited verses in the Quran, the more attention it provides. Shia scholars also about the necessity or recommendation arbitration, the nature and conditions of judges in arbitration proceedings have added to the richness of the discussions. Under Iranian law, the legislator inspired by the Jurisprudence of particular importance to arbitration in disputes and the regulations, it is necessary to refer to arbitration.and its low cost. In this study, for the first time briefly with the benefit of rich and authoritative sources in Fqh; Principles of Islamic Law and statutory rights of Iran, including civil rights, rights of privacy and rights is the trade and patent to a very high status arbitration Act and the need to mention it also occurs to development. It is hoped that the attention and acceptance of the Prophet of God and Imam Arvahnaalfda’ and everything Andr Karan of law in the administration of justice Gyrd divine. Vhv Ahkm Alhakmyn. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Jurisprudential Commitment Rule in Contracts and Unilateral Legal Act
Hamed Shirkavand Sayed Mohammad Reza AyatiThe jurisprudential commitment rule as well as the other rules affected on the Iranian legal system, Legislature Legislator based on this rule accepts the fatwas of jurisprudence non-Shia and divine religions in the discussion of personal status law. " jurisprudential c MoreThe jurisprudential commitment rule as well as the other rules affected on the Iranian legal system, Legislature Legislator based on this rule accepts the fatwas of jurisprudence non-Shia and divine religions in the discussion of personal status law. " jurisprudential commitment rule " Is the best legal obligation of the disciplinary rules that the holy legislator lectures it for convenience and discounts of the Islamic community And, according to the tradition in Shiite jurisprudence the duct attend of fatwas of other religions, most of the items listed in the Iranian Constitution to be fitted, And legislator can by change their interpretation of personal status discuss, Or by applying the " jurisprudential commitment rule " as article By setting up economic and social relationships between Shia and non-Shiite Iran in various contracts and unilateral legal act, And Forcing the other religions to their beliefs, Given the great interest to Shia.The pathology of this issue answers to many of the questions regarding the special rights of the religious minorities in Iran's legal system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Management Accounting functions in the public sector
Afshin Masoumian Gholam reza Kordestani hossein kazemiAccounting information is important for evaluating stakeholders’ accountability and decision making in public sector. Most of the information needs of the managers of the reporting Entities in the public sector are obtained from the management accounting system. T MoreAccounting information is important for evaluating stakeholders’ accountability and decision making in public sector. Most of the information needs of the managers of the reporting Entities in the public sector are obtained from the management accounting system. Therefore, this study explains the functions of management accounting in the public sector. The research method is qualitative and the required data was through interviews with 13 experts in this field. Findings show that the functions of management accounting in the public sector can be classified into eight classes: organizational planning, budgeting, costing, financial and non-financial reporting, monitoring and controlling, (balanced) performance appraisal and human resource management. Applying a management accounting system to the public sector can help organizations evaluate performance, increase transparency, and create value for money. Moreover, an acceptable position has not been defined for management accounting in the public sector. Accordingly, it can be concluded that the development of management accounting system in the public sector helps to evaluate performance, increase transparency and create value. Explaining the functions of management accounting clarifies the need to use and develop management accounting systems in the public sector. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Participation and development: Some socio-individual factors related to the participation of the citizens of Tabriz
Mahmoud ElmiPaying attention to participation and emphasizing its role is one of the main factors of development in developing societies. The purpose of this study was to determine some social and cultural factors related to citizen participation in Tabriz. The research method was MorePaying attention to participation and emphasizing its role is one of the main factors of development in developing societies. The purpose of this study was to determine some social and cultural factors related to citizen participation in Tabriz. The research method was data survey and data collection tool. The statistical population of all citizens aged 15-45 in urban areas of Tabriz, both men and women, was 82,000 and the sample size was 680, which were determined and selected in three age groups. In this study, the independent (predictive) variables of access to mass communication media, social alienation, age, gender and socioeconomic status of citizens had a significant relationship with the dependent variable (criterion), ie participation. Given the low level of citizen participation, it can be said that this situation is due to structural obstacles in the political and cultural system of Iran. The connection of individuals with society and their relationship with it and their separation from society, all go back to the social and cultural environment in which they are located. What drives actions is the habits and patterns of behavior that are created in society, different institutions, and individuals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - School, the Family, Healthy Life Style among High School Students in the city of Esfahan
mansour haghighatianAbstract:The life style of the adolescents has undergone dramatic changes in recent years. The wide-spread use of fast-foods, the problems and dangers of urban living and the resultant lack of physical activity, increasing usage of the media and gaining familiarity with MoreAbstract:The life style of the adolescents has undergone dramatic changes in recent years. The wide-spread use of fast-foods, the problems and dangers of urban living and the resultant lack of physical activity, increasing usage of the media and gaining familiarity with the cultures of different countries, and so forth, have led to vast changes in consumption behaviors and life styles of the young. Utilizing the ideas of scholars such as Pierre Bourdieu and Anthony Giddens, this article aims to investigate the effects of variables such as teacher’s behaviors, academic materials, and parents’ way of living, foreign media usage (namely the internet and satellite TV), parents’ socio-economic status, and friends on students’ healthy life style. The research population consisted of all male and female high school students of the city of Isfahan of which, using Cochran's formula, 385 individuals were chosen as the sample. The results showed that the mean score of healthy life style of the students was 2/4 out of 5 which was below the medium level. Statistical analysis results showed that foreign media usage, parent's socio-economic status, and parent's way of living had more influence on students’ health-oriented life style.Key terms: healthy life style, foreign media usage, parents’ socio-economic status, parents’ way of living, friends Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - The Study of Relationship between Socio-Economic Status and Awareness level of Citizenship Rights Among Dezful’s University Students
داریوش رضاپور اسحق ارجمند سیاه پوشThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between socio-economic status and the level of knowledge and awareness of citizenship rights in five areas of civil, political, socio-economic, gender and cultural rights among students of Dezful universi MoreThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between socio-economic status and the level of knowledge and awareness of citizenship rights in five areas of civil, political, socio-economic, gender and cultural rights among students of Dezful universities in the academic year of 1997-98. The research method was survey and using Krejcie and Morgan table, the sample size of 400 people was determined. The sampling method was random quota and a questionnaire was used to collect data. In addition to descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation coefficient, t-test, analysis of variance, multivariate regression and path analysis were performed using SPSS software. The results show that there is a significant relationship between socio-economic status and knowledge of citizenship rights. Among them, the level of education and gender had the greatest impact and there was no significant relationship between age, employment status and income with the level of awareness of citizenship rights. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Study of factors affecting the political anomie among youth between (18 to 32) province Ilam
عزالدین نوریان فرabstract:When social norms and collective consciousness will lose its legitimacy on the one hand and "division of labor" on the other hand be cut off anomaly in a society dominated by and norms formality, lose your credibility in such circumstances, the order of anomie Moreabstract:When social norms and collective consciousness will lose its legitimacy on the one hand and "division of labor" on the other hand be cut off anomaly in a society dominated by and norms formality, lose your credibility in such circumstances, the order of anomie web arises. The key themes in social and political fields at the community level, promoting and intensifying its political anomie. One of the fundamental causes of change accelerated the emergence of anomie in modern societies, especially in developing countries.. examined the factors affecting political anomie among young people aged 18 to 32 conducted in Ilam.The methodology of the study was cross-sectional and standardized questionnaires were used to collect data. In this study, random cluster sampling method to determine the sample size was 138 people from young girls and boys in Ilam. variable religious solidarity and individualism, among other variables and anomie in the relationship shown significant level of 0.000. Also showed that the level of political anomie average more common among adolescents and among female gender can be shown that the poor anomie (5/46) far more than political anomie weak (9/37) among men. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - The family status and the qualification of religious values in Iran
Taqi Azad Armaki Seyed Mahdi Etemadifard -
Open Access Article
28 - Methods of increasing the Social Status of Soldiers from the Perspective of People in Tehran
Fariba Shayegan -
Open Access Article
29 - Family Structure and its Effects on Senior Citizens’ Status
Bagher Saroukhani Mina Gharib -
Open Access Article
30 - Assessing Social Status of Teachers among Pre-university Students of Qom City between 2003 and 2004
Ezzatollah Saam Aram Mohammad Ali Ghaempour -
Open Access Article
31 - A Sociological View on Citizenship Ethics Regarding the Role of Family and School (Case of Study: Kashan City)
Narges Nikkhah Ghamsari Zahra Esmi Josheghani -
Open Access Article
32 - The Evaluation of Effective Social Factors on Women’s Tendency toward Body Management in Iran in Three Recent Decades (Case of Study: Overweight and Adiposity in Karaj)
Seyed Mohammad Mirzaei Habibollah Zanjani Sahar Ghorbanalipour -
Open Access Article
33 - A Sociological Study of Iranian-Islamic Lifestyle among the Youth in Kerman City
Mansour Haghighatian Hamid Mahmoodian Ameneh Firoozabadi -
Open Access Article
34 - School, the Family, Healthy Life Style among High School Students in the City of Esfahan
Mansour HaghighatianThe life style of the adolescents has undergone dramatic changes in recent years. The wide-spread use of fast-foods, the problems and dangers of urban living and the resultant lack of physical activity, increasing usage of the media and gaining familiarity with the cult MoreThe life style of the adolescents has undergone dramatic changes in recent years. The wide-spread use of fast-foods, the problems and dangers of urban living and the resultant lack of physical activity, increasing usage of the media and gaining familiarity with the cultures of different countries, and so forth, have led to vast changes in consumption behaviors and life styles of the young. Utilizing the ideas of scholars such as Pierre Bourdieu and Anthony Giddens, this article aims to investigate the effects of variables such as teacher’s behaviors, academic materials, and parents’ way of living, foreign media usage (namely the internet and satellite TV), parents’ socio-economic status, and friends on students’ healthy life style. The research population consisted of all male and female high school students of the city of Isfahan of which, using Cochran's formula, and 385 individuals are chosen as the sample. The results show that the mean score of healthy life style of the students was 2.4 out of 5 which is below the medium level. Statistical analysis results show that foreign media usage, parent's socio-economic status, and parent's way of living had more influence on students’ health-oriented life style. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - A survey about the factors affecting social capital among Tehran citizenry
Seyed Mohammad Sadegh Mahdavi Ehsan Rahmani Khalili -
Open Access Article
36 - The Study of Relationship between Socio-Economic Status and Awareness Level of Citizenship Rights among Dezful’s University Students
Dariush Rezapour Eshaq Arjmand SiahpoushThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between socio-economic status and the level of knowledge and awareness of citizenship rights in five areas of civil, political, socio-economic, gender and cultural rights among students of Dezful universi MoreThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between socio-economic status and the level of knowledge and awareness of citizenship rights in five areas of civil, political, socio-economic, gender and cultural rights among students of Dezful universities in the academic year of 2018-2019. The research method was survey and using Krejcie and Morgan table, the sample size of 400 people was determined. The sampling method was random quota and a questionnaire was used to collect data. In addition to descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation coefficient, t-test, analysis of variance, multivariate regression and path analysis were performed using SPSS software. The results show that there is a significant relationship between socio-economic status and knowledge of citizenship rights. Among them, the level of education and gender had the greatest impact and there was no significant relationship between age, employment status and income with the level of awareness of citizenship rights. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Diagnostic Value of Milk Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in Cows with Subclinical Mastitis
, M. Shekari , F. Moosavinasab , O GhasemianThe sensitivity and specificity of milk somatic cell count (SCC) and bacterial culture as the golden standards for the diagnosis of bovine subclinical mastitis are low. Mastitis leads to the increased formation of free radicals, elevated oxidative and nitrosative stress MoreThe sensitivity and specificity of milk somatic cell count (SCC) and bacterial culture as the golden standards for the diagnosis of bovine subclinical mastitis are low. Mastitis leads to the increased formation of free radicals, elevated oxidative and nitrosative stresses, and decreased antioxidant activity in milk. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of milk malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant status (TAS) for the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. A total of 90 clinically healthy Holstein cows were randomly selected from dairy farms of Tehran province, Iran. Next, 55 of these cows were diagnosed to have subclinical mastitis based on an SCC of higher than 130×1000 cells/mL of obtained milk samples. Milk MDA level was determined by the thiobarbituric acid method and TAS was measured using a commercial kit (Randox Laboratories, England). The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and cut-off points for the tests were determined by the receiver operating characteristic analysis. Our findings revealed that the mean and median of milk MDA and TAS were significantly higher and lower in the milk samples collected from cows with subclinical mastitis, compared to the healthy subjects. Moreover, milk MDA level was found to have the highest clinical accuracy at the cut-off points of 44.5nmol/ml. The results showed that the sensitivity and specificity of this biomarker in milk for subclinical mastitis diagnosis was both 100%. According to the results of this study, MDA can be considered as potential reliable substitutes for SCC in the diagnosis of bovine subclinical mastitis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Explanation the legal status and managerial governing the production and consumption of pesticides and chemical fertilizers
Mohammad Mobinifar Naser Ghasemi Reza ArjmandiToday, the use of pesticides somehow indicates just some of deterioration of agricultural standards. Due to the effects of the pesticide contaminants in animal and human life, our country's commitment to the implementation of related rules and regulations, Improve the q MoreToday, the use of pesticides somehow indicates just some of deterioration of agricultural standards. Due to the effects of the pesticide contaminants in animal and human life, our country's commitment to the implementation of related rules and regulations, Improve the quality and utilization of pesticides is much more accurate. In this Regard, the role of organizations such as the judiciary, the Environmental Protection Agency, Ministry of Health, Agricultural Jihad, Plant Protection Organization, it is clear in the formulation and implementation of rules and regulations related to pesticides. In this Study, Explanation the legal status and managerial governing the production and consumption of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, is considered legal aspects, environmental and executive management. Ahead cross-sectional study based on the principles and methods, and this research has been done on the basis of library studies and official statistics. According to the study about the legal status and managerial governing the production and consumption of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, legal, environmental, managerial and administrative aspects are mentioned.In the Light of what has been reached by this study, Exploration of Rules and regulations related to pesticides in Iran, as well as Effective approaches and strategies in the light of the existing procedures to control pests and pesticides has been Studied. Results, Shows the limitation rules in the excretion of toxins pests in Iran and it does seems that, these rules must be complemented through effective framework that can better model to be implemented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - The conservation status of rare sand- like species of Scanbil “Calligonum eriopodum”
Narjes Azizi Gholamreza Hosseini-Bamrood Majid dashti Seyyedeh khadijeh MahdaviBackground and Objective: Calligonum eriopodum is a sand-loving shrub that is native to Iran exclusively in the sand dunes of Hemmat-Abad, Zirkuh-e-Qaen (South Khorasan). The conservation status of this rare and suitable plant for stabilizing quicksand and reducing wind MoreBackground and Objective: Calligonum eriopodum is a sand-loving shrub that is native to Iran exclusively in the sand dunes of Hemmat-Abad, Zirkuh-e-Qaen (South Khorasan). The conservation status of this rare and suitable plant for stabilizing quicksand and reducing wind speed was determined according to International union Conservation of Nature (IUCN) criteria. Material and Methodology: The conservation status of this rare species was determined according to IUCN criteria, using GeoCat online software, with field surveys in its habitats, and the area of occupancy (AOO) criterion and extent of occurrence (EOO) calculation. Finding: The area occupied by the Scanbil species was estimated by field surveys and then by GeoCat software in its habitats: AOO was 20 Km2 and its presence area was 53.8 km2. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results of this study, this species is in the critically endangered class (CR). Surveys have shown that severe falls in water table drown down and unprecedented droughts of the last decade have been considered major contributors to this rare shrub, that needs to be protected as a natural genetic reserve. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - A Comparative Analysis of the Legal Status of Noise Pollution in Iran and the World
Farhad Dabiri Parvin Nasiri Nooshin AhanrobayNoise Pollution is one of the current problems in large cities such as Tehran, which has harmful effects on people’s physical and mental health in the society. Some countries have adopted legal measures to control and eliminate the noise pollution. Since, there is MoreNoise Pollution is one of the current problems in large cities such as Tehran, which has harmful effects on people’s physical and mental health in the society. Some countries have adopted legal measures to control and eliminate the noise pollution. Since, there is no conducted research relating to the legal status of noise pollution in Iran, a comparative analysis of the rules and regulations of Iran and a few selected countries can be helpful for finding the shortcomings in order to control the pollution in Iran and Tehran. This paper is aimed at identifying the above-mentioned defects through studying the legal status of noise pollution in Iran which has been compared to a few other countries Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - A Comparative Analysis of the Legal Status of Noise Pollution in Iran and Some Asian Countries.
Farhad Dabiri Parvin Nassiri Noushin Ahan RobaeeGenerally, the major factors in producing noise especially in large cities are industrialactivities, constructional equipments and machines, motor vehicles, motorcycles, undergrounds andtramways, airplanes, ships and motorboats.Some Asian countries such as China, Turkey MoreGenerally, the major factors in producing noise especially in large cities are industrialactivities, constructional equipments and machines, motor vehicles, motorcycles, undergrounds andtramways, airplanes, ships and motorboats.Some Asian countries such as China, Turkey, and Japan have adopted legal measures tocontrol and eliminate the noise pollution Since, the Iranian legal system in the area of noise pollutionsuffers insufficiencies and problems, a comparative analysis of the laws and regulations of Iran and afew selected Asian countries can be helpful for finding the shortcomings as to the control of thepollution in Iran and Tehran. This paper is aimed at identifying the above-mentioned defects throughstudying the legal status of noise pollution in Iran as compared to a few other Asian countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Studying the status of urban parks for conservation environment and presenting the appropriate managerial strategies” (Case study: Parks in Dist. 7 of Tehran)
Maryam Mehrara Akramol Moluk Lahijanian“Subject: Studying the status of urban parks for conservation of environment and presenting theappropriate managerial strategies” (Case study: Parks in Dist. 7 of Tehran) Objective: Studying thestatus of Tehran urban parks for conservation of environment.Man More“Subject: Studying the status of urban parks for conservation of environment and presenting theappropriate managerial strategies” (Case study: Parks in Dist. 7 of Tehran) Objective: Studying thestatus of Tehran urban parks for conservation of environment.Management in the urban parks results in environmental indices promotion; Applying the appropriatemanagement provides the conservation of urban parks’ environment; The appropriate managementresults in reduction of environmental wastes in the urban parks. Sampling group: The sampling groupof this study is consisted of 52 parks available in Tehran municipality Dist. 7 including all experts,managers and personnel of Deputy of Urban Affairs and Green Space, generally the sample size is 123persons. Sample size: The sampling group of the research is consisted of 93 experts, managers andpersonnel of Deputy of Urban Affairs and Green Space, and 10 parks have been selected as samplerandomly out of 5 studies zones in Dist. 7. The data analysis method includes two descriptive andinferential parts which has been applied aiding SPSS software, that Pierson coefficient of correlationtests have been used in this research.The findings of this research indicated that the most correlation among the variables is as follows:Applying the appropriate management provides the conservation of urban parks’ environment; theappropriate management results in reduction of environmental wastes in the urban parks; Managementin the urban parks results in environmental indices promotion Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Evaluation of public participation in the management of municipal solid waste (Case Study: Abadan)
Arash Zamanian Forouzan FarrokhianNowadays, environmental awareness as one of the weaknesses in the management of municipal solid waste is considered. The study was a cross-sectional study was conducted in 1393. For the combined method (method, field, library and documentary, analytical and descriptive) MoreNowadays, environmental awareness as one of the weaknesses in the management of municipal solid waste is considered. The study was a cross-sectional study was conducted in 1393. For the combined method (method, field, library and documentary, analytical and descriptive) was used. To investigate the contribution of Abadan in the management of solid waste questions in the questionnaire items and Likert five spectral survey of residents in urban areas were used. Accordingly, 383 questionnaires were collected and distributed throughout the city. According to the general theory study of the one-sample T-test was used. In order to evaluate the effect of gender on the participation of T test and impact of education, employment status, income, age structure and status of the contribution of ANOVA test was used. Scheffe's test was used to examine the association between level of education and income levels of participation were used. Thus, the highest participation of citizens in waste management Abadan mean was 3.25 for housewives. The age structure of participation is not effective and the most willing to participate in the Group income (in Toman) of a million to one million five hundred thousand were determined. As a result development and implementation of the operational plan in the field of culturalization and awareness level raising in order to participate more citizens among unemployed, businessman, governments jobs, students and different level income include lower and upper wage between people of Abadan is centralized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Intertextual Analysis of "nightingale and Ant" by Parvin E'tesami and "Cricket and Ant" by Jean de La Fontaine based on Roland Gérard Barthes' Cultural Semiotics
Fatemeh Zamani Nadereh ZamaniParvin E'tesami is one of the most successful Iranian poets in applying fable – in her works – in order to express ethical and social learnings. One of E'tesami's radical pre – texts in creating fables and allegories is La Fontaine's fables – Fre MoreParvin E'tesami is one of the most successful Iranian poets in applying fable – in her works – in order to express ethical and social learnings. One of E'tesami's radical pre – texts in creating fables and allegories is La Fontaine's fables – French poet of 17th century. But according to Roland any narration's structure is combined from some cultural semiotics such as hermeneutics, semis, symbolic and referentials. Thses semiotics reflect an artist's individual and social status based on the society's cultural and literal traditions. Thus the present article surveys cultural semiotics in "nightingale and Ant" by Parvin E'tesami and "Cricket and Ant" by Jean de La Fontaine with the assumption that all cultural semiotics would change from one language to another in recreation process. The result is that by Parvin E'tesami has changed psychological features of the characters as well as inter and intra textual references according to her social cultural status. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Analysis on Effectiveness of the Narrations of The Innocents on Allameh Tabatabai’s Interpretive Viewpoints
Mahmoud Abu Torabi Seyyed Mohammad Naqib Abbas Yousefi Tazeh KandiOne of the important issues regarding the interpretation of "Al-Mizan" is the role and status of narrations. The view of the effectiveness of the narrations on Allameh Tabatabai's interpretive opinions can be considered among other viewpoints. Research on this opinion i MoreOne of the important issues regarding the interpretation of "Al-Mizan" is the role and status of narrations. The view of the effectiveness of the narrations on Allameh Tabatabai's interpretive opinions can be considered among other viewpoints. Research on this opinion is necessary and innovation can be seen due to the stutus of Allameh Tabatabai's commentary and removing ambiguities about this commentary and the method of Quran to Qur'an, and while the mentioned opinion has been analyzed and the foundations and evidence of the effectiveness of the narrations have been extracted. The unity of Guardianship truth with Qur'an in terms of certainty, lack of differentiation between Quran and Prophet’s family, Ahl al-Bayt as the promoter of Holy Quran, the authority of the tradition and Innocents’ statements, the lack of access to knowledge except the pure, writing the interpretation of Al-Bayan in the agreement between Hadith and Qur’an " before “Al Mizan” interpretation, teaching and commenting on the hadiths of ”Bihar Al-Anwar”, writing thematic commentaries based on narrations, coordinating Allameh's viewpoints with the narrations in" Al-Mizan "commentary are among the most important principles and evidences of the effectiveness of narrations on Allameh Tabatabai's interpetations. The presented principles and evidences show the direct and mediated effectiveness of narrations on Allameh's interpretive opinions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Studying Astrology in Some Verses and Narratives
Shamsi Vaghef ZadehThe miracle of Holy Quran has been studied from different " aspects which one of them is scientific miracle. Science in Quran" divides into two types: knowing the sensual and logical facts and" knowing ultramundane facts. Although almost one fortieth of MoreThe miracle of Holy Quran has been studied from different " aspects which one of them is scientific miracle. Science in Quran" divides into two types: knowing the sensual and logical facts and" knowing ultramundane facts. Although almost one fortieth of verses in Quran are specified to creation of Skies, the Moon and the Sun but the narratives on the relations between stars and their effects of " human’s destiny cannot be ignored. The present article attempts to define" astrological status and Quran’s view on this science as well as" mentioning some of the Quran’s predictions in astrology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - “Orphans” and their Issues from Quran and Traditions Viewpoint
Seyyed Reza Moaddab Mahmoud Qasemzadeh Khoskroodi“Orphans” and their rights are of important social issues. According to multilateral importance of “orphans” and the priority of Quran’s Verses and Innocents’ traditions in order to survey Islam, the present paper seeks to represent s More“Orphans” and their rights are of important social issues. According to multilateral importance of “orphans” and the priority of Quran’s Verses and Innocents’ traditions in order to survey Islam, the present paper seeks to represent some related concepts and subjects to “orphans” by a more precise viewpoint. Accordingly, besides studying the meaning of “orphan”, (some) Verses of Quran and Innocents’ traditions in which the assignments and responsibilities upon orphans are declared and surveyed. “Orphans” from Islam’s viewpoint – in a greater circle – include left individuals from religion and religious law. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Studying the theory of using the word in most of the meaning in that unit
abdoljabar zargoshnasabThe study of terminology forms an important part of the studies of the fundamentals of jurisprudence, the most important of which is the issue of formulation, and branching from that research on usage. In his mind, you can pronounce that term, which has become a reason MoreThe study of terminology forms an important part of the studies of the fundamentals of jurisprudence, the most important of which is the issue of formulation, and branching from that research on usage. In his mind, you can pronounce that term, which has become a reason for the perception of the meaning. The fundamentalists have only been subjected to use and its truth in a brief way, except for the martyr al-Sadr who addressed it with criticism and analysis, reviewing the opinions and aspects that could be presented in this regard. One usage, provided that each of the meanings is intended from the word separately, so the impediment is in the opinion of those who say that it is not permissible and it is related to one remark at the same time, since the search for the theory of use and the use of the word in more than one meaning has not been refined and refined and is still suffering from ambiguity and complexity, for that reason This study discussed the views of fundamentalists and presented their problems, comparing each other with each other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - The Comparison of Social Consensus in the Contemporary Arab and Persian Poetry
maryam saed vaghefi elaheh razaghi parviz Lakzaeian FakoorAbstract The high literature serve the community; and referring to the oldest ages of literature in human communities, we see that it’s an expression of a range of social and political systems prevailing in those ages, whether we followed Greek and Roman etiquett MoreAbstract The high literature serve the community; and referring to the oldest ages of literature in human communities, we see that it’s an expression of a range of social and political systems prevailing in those ages, whether we followed Greek and Roman etiquette in those eras or the pre - Islamic era or the eras of enlightenment in Europe. However, the researchers argue that the relation between literature and society became close since the modern era; and that is because of the conditions in which the community lives; as the spread of the press and the demise of illiteracy and scientific movements in human societies. From this viewpoint, this article reviews the study of social opinions between the two contemporary Arab and Persian literatures concentrating on three themes:" Status of women "and "women's freedom "and" poverty"; and a comparison among the views of the two great contemporary poets, i.e. Shawqi and Bahar, has been accomplished indicating the common and different aspects in their views and mentioning their expressing method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - The life and literature of Khatib Tabrizi
Nader Nezam Tehrani Nezam TehraniKhatib Tabrizi is a famous scholar from fifth Hijry century. He has been named with positive and negative characteristics. This article studies and judges the things he has been accused of or appraised for. Also his scientific status and historian views about him and hi MoreKhatib Tabrizi is a famous scholar from fifth Hijry century. He has been named with positive and negative characteristics. This article studies and judges the things he has been accused of or appraised for. Also his scientific status and historian views about him and his role in literature are discussed in the present article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Inheritance in the assumption of religious differences
maryam kohansal سیذمهدی میرداداشی محمد صادقیThe division of the deceased’s inheritance/legacy among his/her heirs is an issue regarding which each heavenly religions has its own specific rules and regulations. As there are some differences regarding the inheritance in the Fiqh (Jurisprudence) of the religi MoreThe division of the deceased’s inheritance/legacy among his/her heirs is an issue regarding which each heavenly religions has its own specific rules and regulations. As there are some differences regarding the inheritance in the Fiqh (Jurisprudence) of the religions, for instance though some subjects like oal (literally means domination and increase) and Taseeb (literally and legally means paternal relative, and legally it means the rejection of the amount of inheritance that is more than the share of heirs) are not covered by the Shiite Fiqh, such subjects and the rules regarding the inheritance are recognized by the State laws for respecting the followers of other heavenly religions. However the problems raises if the legator and inheritor/s are of different religions. For example when the deceased is Sunni and the inheritor is Shiite or vice versa. Given that the inheritors are not of the same religion and considering the differences in the Islamic sects regarding the rules around the legacy, a question raises that what will be the criteria for decision making in this regard? Answering the above question, it should be mentioned that: In accordance with the single Article on the permission for observing the status of the non-Shiite Iranian individuals, passed in 1933, and the explicitation made by the second clause of said article, and according to the advisory comments issued in this regard and the analysis of the reasons dealt with by the present study, the above mentioned Act shall be enforced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Comparative study of pregnancy in fasting and non-fasting women Attending Health care and Treatment centers of Qom medical sciences university
ملیحه مهرمنشIntroduction Fasting is one of the most important worshipers of Islam. Although pregnant women, and brest-feeding women, and those who may be sick or on a journey,… are exempted from the duty of fasting, some of them do so willing and eagerly. Considering the imp MoreIntroduction Fasting is one of the most important worshipers of Islam. Although pregnant women, and brest-feeding women, and those who may be sick or on a journey,… are exempted from the duty of fasting, some of them do so willing and eagerly. Considering the importance of nutrition during pregnancy in the health of the fetus and mother, the purpose of this study was to compare the pregnancy status in fasting and non-fasting pregnant women. Method The present research was cohort study.84 pregnant women were put into 2 groups of second Trimester (21 women) and third Trimester (21 women), and non –fasting pregnant women were second Trimester(21 women)and third Trimester (21women).Sampling was performed randomly ,gradually. Data was collected by,examination ,and interview, and then they were analyzed by SPSS. Results The results showed that the anemia of fasting and non-fasting pregnant mothers was not statistically significant in the second and third trimester of pregnancy. There was not statistically significant difference between normal weight gain during pregnancy among fasting pregnant and non-fasting pregnant women in the second and third trimester of gestation. Fasting in Pregnant women in the second and third trimester of pregnancy have no effect on the pregnancy status (normal weight gain during pregnancy and maternal anemia Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - The War in the Hegemonic Theories of International Relations: Reflection of the War of Occupation of Iraq in a Hegemonic Behavior View
amin ravanbodThe discovery of the causes of the war for a better understanding of it and, if possible, avoiding it, is one of the factors driving knowledge of international relations. Hegemonic behavior and hegemonic governments are the main source of hegemonic international relatio MoreThe discovery of the causes of the war for a better understanding of it and, if possible, avoiding it, is one of the factors driving knowledge of international relations. Hegemonic behavior and hegemonic governments are the main source of hegemonic international relations theories for a better understanding of hegemonic wars, especially wars between the dominant hegemon and the challenging government calling for hegemony. In this regard, the main purpose of the present paper is to examine and criticize the hegemonic theories of international relations about the Iraq war in 2003 based on the hegemonic behavior or hegemonic governments, with an emphasis on the impact of US behavior as hegemony. The research method is library research and descriptive research. The research findings show that global hegemony, and in particular the United States hegemony, have two options because of the lack of a reference group of hegemons, where hegemony is fully, mutually and peacefully happens: first, hegemony can be exercised for the highest degree of dominance, authority, and leadership, through peaceful practices such as promoting new norms and exercising legitimate leadership based on standards accepted by others, or on a very different path in the traditional way of winning a major war or resorting to force in limited dimensions. Whenever the weight of the option of using force in hegemonic policies increases, the probable conditions of leading to war occur with a higher probability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - The Woman and her Social Position in the Field of Family and Society (Based on Zoya Pirzad's Works)
Solmaz Pourtaghimiuandoab Toraj AghdaieOver the past fewdecades, women writers have been able to reflect on the social, cultural, and emotional issues of woman. Among the themes that can be seen in their works are partriarchy, everyday life, loneliness and trying to find identity, and so on.zoya pirzad, one MoreOver the past fewdecades, women writers have been able to reflect on the social, cultural, and emotional issues of woman. Among the themes that can be seen in their works are partriarchy, everyday life, loneliness and trying to find identity, and so on.zoya pirzad, one of the contemporary women writers, has been able to portray woman and the world of women with a feminine thought and writing. In her works, the main and central character is a woman. A woman with all the worries and issues related to the female world. Some of the womenin pirzads works are passive and patiently bow to problems. But others are willingly trying to solve the problems of individual and social life and establish their position. In this research, the woman and her social status in the works of this author are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - A Comparison of Mystical Stages in Kimiya-yi Sa'ādat (Alchemy of Happiness) and Abdullah Qutb's Makātib (Correspondence)
mahdi mohmmadi Najaf JokarKimiya-yi Sa'ādat (Alchemy of Happiness) by Abu Hamid Mohammad Al-Ghazali (c. 505 A.D.) and Makātib (Correspondence) by Abdullah Qutb (c. 909 A.D. ) are deemed to be among treasured works of Sufism. The present survey conducts a comparative-contrastive study of the pers MoreKimiya-yi Sa'ādat (Alchemy of Happiness) by Abu Hamid Mohammad Al-Ghazali (c. 505 A.D.) and Makātib (Correspondence) by Abdullah Qutb (c. 909 A.D. ) are deemed to be among treasured works of Sufism. The present survey conducts a comparative-contrastive study of the perspectives held by these two mystics pertaining to the mystical stages presented in the aforementioned masterpieces. The results demonstrate that unlike some mystics, both Al-Ghazali and Abdullah Qutb did not partition and categorize mystical stages and statuses in their works. Moreover, Abdullah Qutb was influenced by Al-Ghazali in subjects such the pillars of conduct, solitude, trust, asceticism and mystical destitute. Taken together, Al-Ghazali presents his perspectives in a more systematic and coherent approach. It is noteworthy that Abdullah Qutb's Makātib (Correspondence) lacks the order and arrangement existing in Al-Ghazali’s Kimiya-yi Sa'ādat.The methodology of this research is descriptive – analytical and baced on library studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - The Effect of Online Participation in Collaborative, Professional and Critical Discussion Circles on Self-efficacy Component of Language Teachers’ Professional Development
Azadeh Zakeri Parviz Maftoon Parviz Birjandi Masood SiyyariFollowing postmethod pedagogy, the spotlight has turned on language teachers. This means that their beliefs, experiences, and knowledge have been valued because it is the language teacher who knows both her learners and her classroom contexts best and can also fulfill p MoreFollowing postmethod pedagogy, the spotlight has turned on language teachers. This means that their beliefs, experiences, and knowledge have been valued because it is the language teacher who knows both her learners and her classroom contexts best and can also fulfill postmethod promises. However, how can the field of language teaching come up with much-needed professional development, self-efficacious teachers who can have their own contextualized praxis? As such, and as a possible contribution to the field of TESOL, the purpose of the present study is to provide insights into the promotion of professional development for teachers. Online social networks provide new opportunities for language teachers' life-long development through participation in collaborative, professional and critical discussions. The purpose of the study was to see whether participation in collaborative, professional and critical discussion circles enhance self-efficacy component of language teachers’ professional development, and whether language teachers’ experience as a teacher and employment status affect this development. A professional development questionnaire was devised quantitatively and qualitatively through the delineation of the essential components of teachers’ self-efficacy. Then, language teachers underwent a quasi-experimental design consisting of three phases of a pretest, an educational treatment phase, and a posttest. The findings showed significant changes in the self-efficacy component of professional development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Study the Position of Femail and Love in VIS & Ramin of Fakhreddin Asad Gorgani
Esmael Hakemi Razieh Zavarian -
Open Access Article
58 - The Comparison of Personality Traits in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients with Normal Matched Group in Shiraz City
nowshad ghasemiAbstract The aim of this study was to comparison of personality traits between patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and normal matched group. An ex-post- facto design were used and subjects were 35 (21 female and 14 male in 14-65 old age range) IBS patients dia MoreAbstract The aim of this study was to comparison of personality traits between patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and normal matched group. An ex-post- facto design were used and subjects were 35 (21 female and 14 male in 14-65 old age range) IBS patients diagnosed by gastroenterologist and normal matched group. Short form of NEO (Haghshenas, 2004) inventory and a checklist applied as measures of personality traits and demographic information. Data were analyzed with independent t-testis and chi square and indicated that IBS patients significantly are higher in neuroticism and lower in extroversion than normal group (p < .01). Although no significant differences were found in openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness between tow group. Also were found that there are some relations between IBS and demographic status such as order of birth, marital status, and age (p < .05). It seems that personality traits have an important role in severity and duration of symptoms in IBS patients. Key words: Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Personality Traits, Demographic Status. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - The Role of Demographic Variables in PredictingMental Health Among the Physically Disabledin Isfahan City
اعظم مرادی مهرداد کلانتر مرضیه سادات معتمدیAbstract The purpose of this research was to determine the share of each employment status, marital status, education, degree of disability and gender variables in predicting the mental health of the physically disabled. The subjects consisted of members of Isfaha MoreAbstract The purpose of this research was to determine the share of each employment status, marital status, education, degree of disability and gender variables in predicting the mental health of the physically disabled. The subjects consisted of members of Isfahani Society of the Disabled who had been randomly selected. To assess the mental health of the physically disabled, the General Health questionnaire ( GHQ - ) was used. The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that employment status can significantly predict the rate of mental health in the physically disabled (p= ) and adding the marital status variable to employment status variable increases significantly the predicting power of their mental health (p= ) but adding any one ok education degree of disability and gender variables to the employment status and marital status variables can not increase significantly the predicting power of the mental health in the physically disabled. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Comparison of Perceived Organizational Justice and Workplace Violence Emergence on the Basis of Demographic Characteristics
علی مهداد یاسمین طباخ عشقی ایران مهدیزادگانThe purpose of this research was to compare perceived organizational justice and workplace violence emergence on the basis of demographic variables. The research method was ex post facto and statistical population consisted of men employees of an industry, among whom MoreThe purpose of this research was to compare perceived organizational justice and workplace violence emergence on the basis of demographic variables. The research method was ex post facto and statistical population consisted of men employees of an industry, among whom 289 persons were selected via random sampling. Research instruments consisted of organizational justice questionnaire (Golparvar et al, 2008) and a researcher-made questionnaire. Data was analyzed with the use of independent sample t-test. Results showed that there is a significant difference between single and married employees at the level of procedural justice (P 0.05) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - The Effects of social factors on social Happiness (case of study: the residents of the city of Esfahan)
Asghar MohammadiThis purpose nvestigation aims to study the effects of social and demographic factors on social happiness among the residents of the city of Esfahan. The research population of all the residents above 10 years of age which totaled 1663834, of which, 600 people were sele MoreThis purpose nvestigation aims to study the effects of social and demographic factors on social happiness among the residents of the city of Esfahan. The research population of all the residents above 10 years of age which totaled 1663834, of which, 600 people were selected as a statistical sample, quota sampling method. Then, they completed Argyle Oxford Happiness Inventory (1995) and independent variables researcher-made. (1396). The data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation and stepwise Regression analysis was performed using SPSS software. The results showed that social happiness of the majority of the respondents (69.5 percent) was at a moderate level. The results of regression analysis showed that Social capital with a beta standard coefficient of 0/26 and family status and kinship network, with a beta standard coefficient of 0.27, were significantly associated with social happiness. Economic situation with a beta standard coefficient of 0/31 and mental/physical health, with a beta standard coefficient of 0/25, were also significantly associated with social happiness. The results of regression analysis showed that all the independent variables did in fact entered the regression equation and that all together could explain about 26 percent of the variance of social happiness. Economic situation and Physical and mental status had, respectively the highest and the lowest amount of influence on social happiness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Comparison of rumination, Sense of helplessness, and magnification at different ages and their relation to stress coping styles in visitors of a mental health monitoring website during the first week of coronavirus outbreaks
Peyman Dousti narges hosseininia Golnaz Ghodrati Mohammad Esmaeil EbrahimiThe aim of this study was Comparison of rumination, sense of helplessness, and magnification at different ages and their relation to stress coping styles in visitors of a mental health monitoring website during the first week of coronavirus outbreaks. This research was MoreThe aim of this study was Comparison of rumination, sense of helplessness, and magnification at different ages and their relation to stress coping styles in visitors of a mental health monitoring website during the first week of coronavirus outbreaks. This research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the study was consisted of all visitors to a mental health assessment website during the period of February 21st to 29th, 2020. The sample of this study consisted of 933 visitors who purposefully answered Catastrophizing Scale (Sullivan, 2009), and Coping Styles Questionnaire (Endler & Parker, 1990). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The result showed that there was a significant difference between subjective rumination, Sense of helplessness, and magnification at different ages of society at the time of the outbreak of coronavirus (P <0.05). Rumination was different at different ages. The sense of helplessness was less with age. Magnification was less common in people over 45 years old. Correlation between variables showed that problem solving coping strategy was negatively related to feelings of helplessness, magnification, and rumination (P>0.05). Emotionalism was positive relation with all three variables (P>0.05). Avoidance was positive relation with magnification and rumination (P>0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - The Impacts of Level of Education and Economic Status on the Choice of Address Terms by Young Couples
Sajad Shafiee Amir Sabzevari Nooshafarin Motallebi -
Open Access Article
64 - The Relationship Among Family Socioeconomic status, Learning Strategies and Mathematic Problem Solving Ability among Students
Bahman Akbari محمد احمدی دهقطبالدینیThis research has been done with the purpose of studying the relations among family socioeconomic, achievement goals, learning strategy and students, mathematic problem solving ability. For this purpose survey research method was used and required Data gathered about de MoreThis research has been done with the purpose of studying the relations among family socioeconomic, achievement goals, learning strategy and students, mathematic problem solving ability. For this purpose survey research method was used and required Data gathered about deep strategies, surface strategies, mastery goals, performance-approach goals, performance-avoidance goals and Family Socioeconomic status by using Goal Achievement Questionnaire by Elliot and Church and Study Process Questionnaire by Biggs of a sample of n=427 students through random clustered sampling. Results showed that the relation of mastery goals with learning deep strategy and mathematic problem solving ability is positive and significant but the relation of performance- approach goals and performance- avoidance goals with mathematic problem solving ability is not significant. The relation between deep strategy and mathematic problem solving ability is positive and significant and the relation between surface strategy and mathematic problem solving ability is not significant but is negative. Results also showed that mastery goals are the most important factor affecting on mathematic problem solving ability and boys used performance-approach goals more than girls and student belong to low socioeconomic status used mastery goals more than student belong to high socioeconomic status. But there is no difference between Students, learning strategy and mathematic problem solving ability in terms of gender and family socioeconomic status. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Relationship between Science Performance in Iranian Students Participating in TIMSS 2003 Study with Individual and Familial Factors
اعظم پهلوانصادق ولیالله فرزادThe present study was conducted to investigate the effects of exogenous variables Socioeconomic status of family, gender and endogenous variables science self-concept, attitude towards science on the science achievement. The research has used Iranian students data from MoreThe present study was conducted to investigate the effects of exogenous variables Socioeconomic status of family, gender and endogenous variables science self-concept, attitude towards science on the science achievement. The research has used Iranian students data from TIMSS 2003 . Path analysis showed that effect of science self-concept on science achievement was significant and direct and effect of this variable on attitude towards science was significant and indirect. Also effect of socioeconomic status of family on science self-concept and attitude towards science and science achievement was significant and direct. Effect of attitude towards science on science achievement was significant and direct and effect of gender on attitude towards science and science self-concept was significant and direct. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Relationship between the socio-economic status of family, reading activities at home, self-concept and attitude of students toward reading with reading literacy performance of the students (based on PIRLS studies, 2006)
Roqhaieh Amini Alireza Kiamanesh Roqhaieh GhorbaniThe present research was an attempt to investigate the role of socio-economic status of family, reading activities at home and student related variables (self-concept and students’ attitudes toward reading) in reading literacy performance based on PIRLS studies (2 MoreThe present research was an attempt to investigate the role of socio-economic status of family, reading activities at home and student related variables (self-concept and students’ attitudes toward reading) in reading literacy performance based on PIRLS studies (2006). PIRLS has been applied a three-stage stratified cluster design sampling method. After filtering the data, the research samples included 5411 students studying at the fourth grade of elementary school have participated in PIRS test. The used tools in PIRLS 2006 were reading literacy questions and a questionnaire. The used scales in this study were taken from reading background questionnaire for socio-economic status and reading activities at home, students’ questionnaire for self-concept, students’ attitudes toward reading and reading literacy. Total scores were based on Rasch model which was used structural equation modeling aimed to study direct effects, indirect effects and total effects of socio-economic status variable (exogenous variable) on reading activities at home, self-concept and students’ attitudes towards reading (endogenous variable). After confirming the latent variables, measurement models and fitting the structural complex model, the results showed that the surveyed model has got the required goodness of fit with the data. All effects of socio-economic status on the other endogenous variables were statistically significant. In conclusion, the results suggested that socio-economic status has a significant role in determining and predicting reading progress. Besides, due to the remarkable amount of the obtained variance from endogenous variables, the finding of this study can be applied to educational programs by researchers and all those involved in education. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - The analysis of social skills and its necessities in Curriculum: the case of students in Estern Azarbaijan
yassin tavakoli Akbar soltanieThe purpose of this research is to analyze the social skills and its necessities in curriculum focusing on students of Eastern Azerbaijan Province. The method of this study is of descriptive-survey type. The statistical population consists of male and female elementary MoreThe purpose of this research is to analyze the social skills and its necessities in curriculum focusing on students of Eastern Azerbaijan Province. The method of this study is of descriptive-survey type. The statistical population consists of male and female elementary and high school students. Being selected through multistage cluster random sampling, 800 students include the research sample, 320 elementary students and 480 high students. Social skill evaluation questionnaire has been applied as the data collecting instrument. Data, then, have been analyzed by means of Anova and Manova and an independent t-test. The results indicates that considering the social skills and their components ,there is a significant difference between girls and boys in public, semi-public, and private schools as well as in enjoying , half enjoying and less enjoying regions. Students' social skills, also, have been meaningful different based on their social status, their major, and their parents' education. Such differences emphasizes the need to revise and change the curriculum so as students can acquire social skills. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - The Effect of Teaching Physics by Technology âEnabled Active Learning (TEAL) Method onAcademic Achievement of High School Students
Mohammad Ahmadi Dehghotbadini Farhad Nazarifar Faramarz Malekian Ahmad Reza Akbari Amro Abadi. Fatemeh Zamanifard Behzad Shahbazi Firouzeh Sepehrian Fatemeh Nosrat Mahdi Abolghasemi NajafAbadi Maryam Narimani Saeed Rajaeepoor Narges Keshtiaray Mozafaredin Vaezi Zamaneh Rezaei Ali Reza Yoosefi Hadi Kamali Saghar SahebJamei Sayed Ebrahim Mirshah Jafari Mohsen Malekian Mohammad Javad Leyaghatdar Toraj Hosseini HafshajaniAbstract This research aimed at investigating the effect of teaching by the Technology Enabled Active Learning (TEAL) method on the academic achievement of high school students in physics by a quasi-experimental method. The research Population were the first grade f MoreAbstract This research aimed at investigating the effect of teaching by the Technology Enabled Active Learning (TEAL) method on the academic achievement of high school students in physics by a quasi-experimental method. The research Population were the first grade female students of Falavarjan high schools. The study was conducted by using two groups randomly-selected of high school students (each group with 28 students). The experiment group was taught by the TEAL method and the control group was taught by the traditional method. The academic achievement of the subjects were assessed by the teacher-made pre-test and post-test. The validity was confirmed by the experts and its reliability was established by cronbach's Alpha (α=0.86) coefficient (86%). The data was analyzed through inferential statistics (ANCOVA). The results showed that the academic achievement by the TEAL method have been higher than those using the traditional method of learning at the probability level of 0/001. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Analysis of current and desired status of decision-makers in the process of curriculum designing and codification in Industrial Training
morteza karami fatemeh arfaa fatemeh vafaeiAbstract The goal of This study was to analyze the existing and desired situation decision makers in the process of industrial training curriculum design and development divided into nine elements of the curriculum. The study population were included administrators and MoreAbstract The goal of This study was to analyze the existing and desired situation decision makers in the process of industrial training curriculum design and development divided into nine elements of the curriculum. The study population were included administrators and education educators 54 Industrial company in the city of Mashhad that they were selected as examples whit census, But in the meantime, researchers worked with 42 of education directors were coperative with researcher. The research method was survey-descriptive and research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire. Results showed that the current situation education unit (141/75) had the highest participation rate and teacher (34/39) the lowest rate of participation. in the ideal situation education unit (223/23) had the highest participation rate and applicant (184/12) the lowest participation rate in the process Industrial training curriculum design and development. So the results of independent t-test showed that the mean scores for each of the decision makers triple factores in both the current and desire situation has different and contribute rate in desire situation. So the results of ANOVA showed that the mean scores contribute triple factors decision-maker in current and desired situation had different. Furthermore, The findings showed that had no different contribute rate three factors in the decision-making in small, large, medium company and company size had no effect on the coperative rate of the triple factore. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - The Relationship between Socioeconomic Status and Students' Beliefs and Values with Attitude toward Mathematical Math with the mediating Role of School Culture and the Process of Mathematical Education
ali nasrani behrang esmaeili shad mahboube soleimanpour omranThe purpose of study was to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic status and students' beliefs and values on the attitude toward mathematical education with emphasis on the role of the intermediate elements of school culture and the process of mathematical MoreThe purpose of study was to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic status and students' beliefs and values on the attitude toward mathematical education with emphasis on the role of the intermediate elements of school culture and the process of mathematical education. Methodological research is descriptive of correlation type. The statistical population includes 200 secondary boy of Ashkhaneh city. The sample was 132 according to the Coquran formula. The sampling method was stratified. Data collected with epistemological beliefs questionnaire Schommer (1990), Socio-Economic of Ghodrat Nama (2013), Alsnadro school culture and Sade (1997), Learning Process Questionnaire Tomlinson (2001), Pahlevan attitude to mathematical lessons (2007). The reliability was Face and Content and validity of the Socio-Economic 0.774, 0.704 beliefs and values of students, teaching process 0.701, 0.739 school culture and attitude towards mathematics is 0.778. Results showed there is a significant relationship between socioeconomic status and students 'beliefs and values on the attitude toward mathematical education, with emphasis on the intermediate role of school culture. Between socioeconomic status, students' beliefs and values, school culture, educational process with attitude to the lesson there is a significant relationship between mathematics and socioeconomic status with emphasis on the role of the intermediate elements of school culture and the process of teaching and attitudes toward mathematics in students and there is a significant relationship between students' beliefs and values with emphasis on the role of the intermediate elements of school culture and process teaching and attitudes to maths there is a significant relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Effects Of Dietary Lysine and Methionine Supplementation on Growth Performance and Haemato-Biochemical Status in Beluga, Huso huso, Fed Soy Protein-Based Diet
mahmod mqhseni hamid reza pourali Rezvanollah Kazemi Mir Hamed Seyyed HasaniInroduction and Objective: A feeding trial was conducted to examine the effects of dietary supplementation of lysine and methionine on growthperformance and haemato-biochemical status in beluga, Huso husoMaterials and Methods: 240 fish with average weight of 144.6 ± 4.6 MoreInroduction and Objective: A feeding trial was conducted to examine the effects of dietary supplementation of lysine and methionine on growthperformance and haemato-biochemical status in beluga, Huso husoMaterials and Methods: 240 fish with average weight of 144.6 ± 4.64 g were fed one of four the experimental soy protein based diets D0 (without lysine or methionine supplementation), D1 (lysine supplementation alone), D2 (methionine supplementation alone) and D3 (both lysine and methionine supplementation) were fed to triplicate groups for 12wk. L-Lysine and DL-methionine were added to the diets containing 344 g kg-1 soybean meals at 12.02 and 12.94 g kg-1 of dry diet respectively.Results: Significant higher weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, condition factor, feed efficiency ratio, haemoglobin concentration, white blood cell and total blood protein were observed in fish fed soya protein-based diet supplemented with both lysine and methionine than that of fish of other dietary groups. There were no significant differences among fish fed diet supplemented with either methionine or lysine. Growth performances, feed utilization and haemato-biochemical status of fish fed control diet was significantly lower than those of fish fed diet supplemented both lysine and methionine and supplemented with either methionine or lysine.Conclusion: The present study showed that soybeen meal could be included in the beluga diet up to 344 g kg1, to replace 40% of fishmeal supplemented both lysine and methionine without any adverce effect on the growth performances and feed utilization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - The Effects of Propolis Extract on Growth Performance, Blood Parameters and Antioxidant Status in Holstein Suckling Calves.
Jamal Seifdavati Sayad Seifzadeh Hossein Abdi Benemar Farzad Mirzaei Agheh Gheshlagh Reza Seyyed SharifiInroduction & Objective: Propolis is a substance with pharmacological properties for treatment of various human and animaldisesases. Propolis has antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant activitise that strengthens the immune system of different animal species. The aim MoreInroduction & Objective: Propolis is a substance with pharmacological properties for treatment of various human and animaldisesases. Propolis has antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant activitise that strengthens the immune system of different animal species. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of propolis extract on growth performance, blood parameters and antioxidant status of Holstein suckling calves. Material and MethodsFor this study, 24 Holstein calves with 1 ± 10 day avarage age and 38 ± 2 kg avarage weight in a completely randomized design for 70 days were wased. The experimental treatments were: 1) control diet without propolis extract supplements, 2) control diet + 500 ppm propolis extract per head per day, 3) control diet + 1000 ppm propolis extract per head per day. Calves were weighed every two weeks and blood sampeles were taken on d 30 and d 60 of the experiment and analyses for blood metabolites and antioxidant activity.Results: The results showed that use of different levels of propolis extract had no significant effect on feed intake during the first and second months and total trial period. supplemental propolis extract did not show significant effect on final weight, weight gain and feed conversion ratio during the first and second months, whereas adding 500 ppm of propolis in extract improved significantly the daily weight gain of calves in total trial period. no significant differences were observed between concentrations of blood metabolites (glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, albumin, urea and globulin). The results showed that adding propolis extract had no significant effects pn activites blood of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine amino transferase and glutathione peroxidase blood whereas supplementing milk with propolis extract affected significantly blood antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase activity.Conclusion:In general it can be concluded that the use of propolis extract had no effect on performance and blood metabolites except for superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant capacity, propolis extract supplementation in suckling calf milkcan effectively help to cope with the stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Explaining the shaping factors of improving the social status of students through sports activities: a case study of medical students
Alireza badri ahmadreza askari amir nadri reza masoodiAbstractObjective: Awareness of the values of physical activity affects the voluntary quality of students' personality and the level of their desire to succeed, and the positive attitude of students towards physical activity is an effective factor in the formation of a MoreAbstractObjective: Awareness of the values of physical activity affects the voluntary quality of students' personality and the level of their desire to succeed, and the positive attitude of students towards physical activity is an effective factor in the formation of a healthy lifestyle, intellectual abilities, and also the important characteristics of the profession. is The purpose of the current research is to explain the factors that shape the improvement of students' social status through sports activities: a case study of medical students.Methodology: The current research is of a mixed type, in terms of the purpose of the developmental-applicative type, the plan of its implementation is sequential-exploratory, and it was carried out in two parts, qualitative and quantitative. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part includes the assistant professors of physical education of the universities of medical sciences in the country, professors with books or research in the field of student sports, high-ranking people of the National Federation of University Sports, and for the quantitative part of the research, all students of medical sciences universities throughout Iran as a community were studied. The sampling method in the qualitative part included the purposeful sampling method (deliberate or judgmental), and the sampling was done using the snowball technique until the theoretical saturation was reached; which was obtained after interviewing 19 people. In the quantitative part, cluster random method was used and finally 400 people were selected as a sample. The data collection tool was used in the qualitative part of the semi-structured, in-depth and exploratory interview; The research audit was done with the methods of believability, transferability, reliability and verifiability. To analyze the data, open, axial and selective coding was used. However, in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire from the qualitative part of the tool was used. Content validity was measured and confirmed by 10 expert professors in a corrective manner and in accordance with the objectives, and the reliability of the questionnaire was estimated through Cronbach's alpha. Maxqda, SPSS and Amos software were used for the analysis.Results: The results showed that the codes extracted from the interview in 6 main categories are equal to 191 codes, the causal conditions are equal to 7 components and 27 codes, the central phenomenon is equal to 3 components and 11 extracted codes, the background conditions are equal to With 7 components and 36 extracted codes, intervention conditions are equal to 8 components and 41 extracted codes, strategic conditions are equal to 8 components and 43 codes, and consequential conditions are equal to 5 components and 24 extracted codes. Also, the results of structural equation modeling showed that the causal factors on the central phenomenon (r=0.84); the central phenomenon on strategic factors (r=0.75); background factors over strategic factors (r=0.29); Interfering factors have a positive and significant effect on strategic factors (r=0.55) and strategic factors on outcome factors (r=0.28) (p≥0.05).Conclusion: The development of university sports can guarantee the health of students and one of the effective factors in the development of sports in the country. Accordingly, the role of universities is important for the development of sports in the country. Identifying the platforms and factors for the development of sports in universities, especially universities of medical sciences, in addition to improving the health of students, improves the social status of students. What seems to be very important and necessary is the formulation of macro goals, policies and implementation strategies of university sports for students of medical sciences universities in a targeted manner and in accordance with the fourth development plan and the comprehensive system of physical education and sports. be the country Finally, by applying this model, we can hope that a tremendous change will be achieved in the field of improving the social status of medical students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Comparing Action and Status of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) with other Prophets in Sharh Al-Taarruf
Samaneh jafari Hassan ShamianSharh Al-Taarruf is one of the works created in the field of Islamic mysticism in Farsi, which was written by Mustamli on Kalabadi’s Al-Taaruf. In this work, in order to explain the views and to explain his principles of thought and theory, Mustamli has put his wo MoreSharh Al-Taarruf is one of the works created in the field of Islamic mysticism in Farsi, which was written by Mustamli on Kalabadi’s Al-Taaruf. In this work, in order to explain the views and to explain his principles of thought and theory, Mustamli has put his work in the intertextual link with the Holy Quran and used the Quranic verses and narrations of the prophets' story. The stories and narratives attributed to the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) are among the most prominent applications in this work, which in most cases are in contrast and compared with the story of other prophets. In this type of application, the comparison is done in two areas of action and status, and the status comparing is more frequent in this work. The writer in Sharh Al-Taarruf is comparing many prophets with Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), which is almost unparalleled with this diversity. The ultimate goal of Mustamli in using this method is to emphasize explicitly or implicitly the superiority and virtue of Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) on other prophets, and thus the superiority of his nation over other nations, rather than to explain the principles and of mysticalism Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Relationship between Prayer and Status of Satisfaction in Islamic Mysticism
Mohsen Mehrani Monirossadat PourtolamiPraying and expressing mystery and need with God are among the emphatic religious and mystical teachings. On the other hand, one of the mystical levels and authorities is the position of Reza, that is, the seeker must have complete satisfaction with the divine destiny a MorePraying and expressing mystery and need with God are among the emphatic religious and mystical teachings. On the other hand, one of the mystical levels and authorities is the position of Reza, that is, the seeker must have complete satisfaction with the divine destiny and be always satisfied with the satisfaction of the truth. The question is whether there is a contradiction between praying and the status of satisfaction. In this research, there are a few things that have been indicated on the necessity of prayer and supplication from the Holy Quran and the hadiths of the Infallibles (AS) and the words of the saints of God, and it has been stated that prayer is the brain of worship, prayer is the weapon of the believer and There are those who do not succeed in praying. The great Islamic mystics also say about Reza that the seeker should not be sad about what he lost and should not be happy about what he achieves, and he should be satisfied with the judgment of truth and be sure that God has the best destinies for him in mind. Has taken and all things are based on divine wisdom, so do not object to the divine judgment and be thankful. From the analysis of these two seemingly reciprocal matters based on the Qur'an and mysticism, it has been concluded that the seeker can start praying while he must be satisfied with the divine judgment. He considers praying as a divine command, a means of talking to God and his duty, and on the other hand, he is completely satisfied with everything that is intended for man in fate and destiny, and he likes whatever God has pleased for him. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Factor Analysis of Factors Affecting the Improvement of Apple Marketing in West Azerbaijan Province
Kaziveh Chalabi Solieman Rasouliazar Loghman RashidpourThe aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the improvement of apple marketing in West Azerbaijan province using factor analysis method. The statistical population of the study includes all gardeners in West Azarbaijan province, of which 39315 are gar MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the improvement of apple marketing in West Azerbaijan province using factor analysis method. The statistical population of the study includes all gardeners in West Azarbaijan province, of which 39315 are gardeners. Krejcie and Morgan table were used to determine the sample size (n=360). The present study method is descriptive-survey and in order to collect information from a researcher-made questionnaire, its validity was assessed by obtaining the opinions of a group of experts and necessary modifications were made. The results of factor analysis showed that the most important factors affecting the improvement of apple marketing in West Azerbaijan province were summarized and categorized into four factors, which could explain 66.3% of the changes in factors affecting the improvement of apple marketing in West Azerbaijan province. Among the effective factors studied, economic factor including the items of payment of facilities and credits to apple beneficiaries, the existence of border markets in the province, product diversity was identified as the most important factor affecting the improvement of apple marketing in West Azerbaijan province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Social Status of Women in “Ahoo Khanom’s Husband” and Zakerato Aljasad Novels
Payman SalehiThe present research intended to investigate the social status of women in the novels; “Ahoo Khanom’s Husband” written by Ali Mohammad Afghani and “Zakerato Aljasad” by Ahlam Mosteghanemi. The research universe included social status of wom MoreThe present research intended to investigate the social status of women in the novels; “Ahoo Khanom’s Husband” written by Ali Mohammad Afghani and “Zakerato Aljasad” by Ahlam Mosteghanemi. The research universe included social status of women in Algeria and Iran. The sample subsumed the novels; “Ahoo Khanom’s Husband” and “Zakerato Aljasad”. The research was designed as analytical and descriptive type. The data were collected through library study via reviewing scientific documents with emphasizing on the above mentioned scripts. The data were analyzed by qualative analysis based on descriptive approach. The findings revealed that both authors despite their gender, cultural, social and linguistic differences, could properly and realistically portrayed women’s violated rights images. Some common issues were seen in both novels including forced marriage, domestic work burden, deprivation of education and humiliation of women. Such problems which became major concerns for women was relatively improved by some novel women iconoclasm. In discussion about discriminations, problems such as physical abuse of women by their husbands, women role playing as men, divorce to emancipate of spouse abuse were indeed mentioned. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - The Psychological Status of Women in Islam and Western Civilization Based on the Ideological Paradigm of the Supreme Leader
Ali AhmadpourThe current research was intended to investigate the psychological status of women in Islam and western civilization based on the ideological paradigm of the supreme leader. The statistical universe of the research included all texts concerning the psychological status MoreThe current research was intended to investigate the psychological status of women in Islam and western civilization based on the ideological paradigm of the supreme leader. The statistical universe of the research included all texts concerning the psychological status of women in Islam and western civilization based on the ideological paradigm of the supreme leader. The sample subsumed all topics related to women included in Islam and western civilization based on the ideological paradigm of the supreme leader. The research was processed by analytical-descriptive approach. The data was collected via document reviewing and library method through note taking on index cards from printed references concerning the ideological paradigm of the supreme leader and psychology. The data was analyzed by applying content analysis procedure. The results indicated that The family is one of the most important institutions in society, and it provides the strongest foundations for the spiritual and intellectual upbringing of individuals. Within such institution, women play a central role, but Western political and advertising systems seek to undermine their status. According to the Supreme Leader's perspective, Western civilization focuses solely on the sexual and feminine aspects of women while ignoring their human dimension and status. In the West, women are exploited under the guise of freedom, which is a form of slavery and insult to women. In contrast, Islam honors women and considers being a woman a source of pride and glory. Therefore, the Islamic perspective, and consequently that of the Supreme Leader, regards women with a comprehensive view that takes into account both divine values and human logic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Reviewing The Theories Of Structural, Cultural And Psychological Violence Against Women
Jalil Azizi Azam MahmudiThe present research was intended to study the psychological violence against women based on structural and cultural theories, including the theory of sources and subculture of violence. The ultimate goal was to understand the role of these theories in psychological vio MoreThe present research was intended to study the psychological violence against women based on structural and cultural theories, including the theory of sources and subculture of violence. The ultimate goal was to understand the role of these theories in psychological violence against women. The research was a field study. Survey questionnaires and interviews were implemented to collect data. The statistical population consisted of all Shirazi married women with one year prolonged marriage. 400 women were randomly selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. The obtained results showed that religiosity, economic income, education and socio-economic status were negatively and significantly correlated with psychological violence and observing the relatives intervention was positively and significantly associated to the psychological violence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - An Investigation on the Family’s Socioeconomic Status’ Aspects in Predicting the Students’ Happiness
M. R. Bayat A. Z. Naami ندا Esmaeeli FarThe research purpose was to investigate the socioeconomic status’ aspects qouta in predicting thestudents’ happiness. The sample comprised 200 individuals who were selected randomly throughmulti-stage cluster sampling among the high schools of Roudehen city. MoreThe research purpose was to investigate the socioeconomic status’ aspects qouta in predicting thestudents’ happiness. The sample comprised 200 individuals who were selected randomly throughmulti-stage cluster sampling among the high schools of Roudehen city. The acquired data analyzedby Pearson correlation and t-test indicated that the students’ happiness was significantly and positivelycorrelated to the students’ socioeconomic status. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - The Effective Factors On The Decline Of Women’s Status After The Demise Of Islam’s Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him)
Soheyla Rostami The aim of this research was to investigate the effective factors on the decline of women’s status after the demise of Islam’s prophet. The research design was analytical-descriptive with library method. The factors included first regression to the ri More The aim of this research was to investigate the effective factors on the decline of women’s status after the demise of Islam’s prophet. The research design was analytical-descriptive with library method. The factors included first regression to the rituals, customs and traditions of ignorance period about woman, such as humiliating women and giving superiority to men. Second, dictatorship and autocracy of some rulers which resulted in the prevalence of immortality and lacking the growth of human virtue and finally vulnerabilities to the women; third, the prevalence of patriarchal thoughts in anticipating the problems about women and interpreting the verses of Quran and Hadiths and narratives in a way of benefitting to men and weakening the women; fourth, mixing Islam culture and foreign culture that had no any value for women and influence of such thoughts into Muslims; fifth, prevalence of extremism and fanaticism in society and prohibiting women’s cooperation in different social areas and even going to mosque; sixth, instrumental view to women as a tool for fun, entertainment and abuse; seventh, inattention to education of women and restricting them inside a house and depriving them from education and obtaining knowledge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Historical Review of Islam Role in Women Life Styles Changing
A. R. Tohidi صادق ShafieiThese articles mainly investigated the position of women from an Islamic perspective and explained the women’s value in its practical sense and based on the real events instead of following an idealistic or imaginary approach. In this regard, based on Koranic vers MoreThese articles mainly investigated the position of women from an Islamic perspective and explained the women’s value in its practical sense and based on the real events instead of following an idealistic or imaginary approach. In this regard, based on Koranic verses and instances of prominent Muslim women the following results were attained: Holly Koran and our prophet (PBUH) have familiarized women with their rights and encouraged them to obtain their rights and such a task was exactly a responsibility from God for the prophet (PBUH). Hijab, judicial laws, moral health of women’s participation are part of divine attempts to revitalize the women’s rights which have been fulfilled by Islam and resulted in an unprecedented evolution in the position and style of women’s life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Surveying Social Status Of Women According To Veil Alteration Process In Safavid Paintings
عابد Taghavi S. M. MousaviPresent research studied women social role and status in Safavid era on the basis of veil alteration process through descriptive-historical analysis approach. This paper administrated historical sources and comparative method. The results indicated that women veil in Sa MorePresent research studied women social role and status in Safavid era on the basis of veil alteration process through descriptive-historical analysis approach. This paper administrated historical sources and comparative method. The results indicated that women veil in Safavid era was considered as a part of social class identity. It was defined according to Shah Inclination and imposed as a norm for the women in imperial court, while others social classes’ women worn veil according to their religious and ethics beliefs. They had prospered liberty in veil wearing selection compared to other women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Investing the Relationship between Parental Media Literacy and Socio-Economic Status with Motivation for Secondary School Student's Academic Achievement
Shirin Soleymani Badiozaman Makki Ale Agha Aladdin Etemad AhariThis study aimed to Investigating the Relationship between Parental Media Literacy and Socio-Economic Status with Motivation for Secondary School Students` Academic Achievement in Tehran city was done in 1395-96. The study is the practical purpose and information gather MoreThis study aimed to Investigating the Relationship between Parental Media Literacy and Socio-Economic Status with Motivation for Secondary School Students` Academic Achievement in Tehran city was done in 1395-96. The study is the practical purpose and information gathering is descriptive, correlational. The statistical society includes the whole female Secondary School Students in Tehran. They were about 50707. To determine the size of the sample using Morgan table and with multi-stage cluster sampling and 380 person were selected. Tools to measure in this research are academic achievement motivation questionnaire (1987), Media literacy questionnaire (kansidine, 2008), and socio-economic status (SES), which after gathering data, data analysis using SPSS, AMOS, and LISREL soft wares were performed. For investigating questionnaire`s Factor Structure, Confirmatory factor analysis, for investigating of research questions, and the relationship among variables of Media literacy and socio-economic status with academic achievement motivation, path Analysis Method were used. The result of correlation between Media literacy and socio-economic status with academic achievement motivation showed that all correlation coefficients are calculated at the alpha level of 0.01 are meaningful (p<0.01). Correlation coefficients among Media literacy and socio-economic status with academic achievement motivation components were positive. The positive coefficients obtained indicate a direct relationship between the variables. So it is concluded that with increasing parental Media literacy and socio-economic, student`s academic achievement motivation will also increase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - The Relationship between Practice Deprivation in Covid-19 Pandemic, Attitudes toward Sport, Socioeconomic Status and Level of Activity with Depression, Vitality and Happiness among Bodybuilders
Mohsen Golparvar Alireza SalehpourThe Covid-19 pandemic deprives a wide range of athletes from engaging in sports activities and thus creates problems for them. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between sports deprivation in the corona pandemic period, attitudes toward sports, soci MoreThe Covid-19 pandemic deprives a wide range of athletes from engaging in sports activities and thus creates problems for them. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between sports deprivation in the corona pandemic period, attitudes toward sports, socio-economic status and level of activity with depression, vitality and happiness among bodybuilders. The research method was correlation in the framework of canonical correlation analysis and the statistical population of the study was the bodybuilders in Isfahan city in spring 2021. Among them, 211 persons were selected trough accessible sampling manner. Attitudes toward sports questionnaire (2021), socio-economic status questionnaire (Ghodratnema et al, 2012), a question to measure exercise deprivation, a question to measure activity level, depression questionnaire (Beck, 1961), vitality questionnaire (Rayan & Fredrick, 1997) and Oxford happiness questionnaire (Argyle & Lu, 1990) were used to measure the variables. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and canonical correlation analysis by SPSS version 25. The results of canonical correlation analysis showed that among the four predictor variables, socio-economic status with a canonical standard coefficient of 0.72, attitudes toward sport with a canonical standard coefficient of -0.55, and sports deprivation in the corona pandemic period with canonical standard coefficient of 0.39 can predict depression, vitality and happiness. Overall, the findings of this study showed that deprivation of sports due to corona pandemic has been able to play a role along with socio-economic status and attitude to sports for depression, vitality and happiness of bodybuilders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Sociological Explanation of Modern Identity in Ahvaz and the Factors Affecting it (study the Young people 18 to 42 generations after the Islamic Revolution in the city of Ahvaz)
Farzin Hatami kakesh Nabi&amp;rsquo;ollah Ider ahmadali hesabiIdentities, traits and characteristics, social relationships, maps and membership in social groups are what determine a person's identity. Modern identity has arisen from new developments that along with the changes resulting from globalization and scientific and techno MoreIdentities, traits and characteristics, social relationships, maps and membership in social groups are what determine a person's identity. Modern identity has arisen from new developments that along with the changes resulting from globalization and scientific and technological advances, have occurred in various dimensions of the bio-world of actors and human agencies, and every day we see the spread of this type of identity in the regions. We are different in the world. Correspondingly, individuals' perceptions of themselves, others, and the international community, especially among young people, are changing. This study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting the increasing tendency to modern identity among the youth of Ahvaz. Therefore, 384 young people aged 18-42 living in Ahvaz were interviewed using a quantitative method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that was distributed among these individuals and the data were collected. Findings show that the variables of age, gender, education, socio-economic status, new leisure spending styles and the use of virtual social networks, affect the strengthening of modern identity. According to the results of multivariate regression analysis, the strongest relationship is the relationship between the use of virtual social networks and modern identity with a beta value of 0.305. Accordingly, the use of virtual social networks has been effective on the tendency of young people to modern identity and its dimensions; That is, by increasing or decreasing the use of these networks, the tendency of young people to modern identity and its dimensions will be strengthened or weakened. Among the dimensions of modern identity, only the variable of progressiveness had no significant relationship with the use of virtual social networks. In total, the above factors explain 0.517% of the tendency of young people towards modern identity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - The Study of Feminine Status in the Works of Simin Daneshvar, Fereshteh Molavai and RaziehTojjar
Shahrooz Jamali Sayedeh Roya SajadiThe perception of social condition derived from the literature and letter can conduct the researchers to achieve an imbibition beyond the formal and prominent viewpoints of society. Being one of the most significant tools in the perception of social status, the literatu MoreThe perception of social condition derived from the literature and letter can conduct the researchers to achieve an imbibition beyond the formal and prominent viewpoints of society. Being one of the most significant tools in the perception of social status, the literature has been analyzed in this study to reveal the social role and status of women; accordingly, three feminine authors have been chosen, i.e. Simin Danshvar; RaziehTojjar and Fereshteh Molaviwhose their works have been studied in this contribution. Women in the works of Daneshvar are assumed to have a more socially active role in comparison to those of other authors. Contrarily, women in Tojar ‘books are believed to be the traditional women with partially persistent dissatisfaction, indicating surrendered wife without any will, power and authorization. More obviously, the independent and single-minded women can be inferred from the works by Daneshvar, having some social roles in addition to those of housekeeping and efforts to improve and modify their status and society. Several socially-oriented women are observed in the works of Molavi, indicating an interstitial social status of women in relation to those by Danashvar and Tojjrar Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Environmental management of water resources and environmental issues with a view to the Urmia Lake
سعید SHafaei Sa SHafaei کیانا KiarostamiIn terms of water quantity and quality is the most important part of an ecosystem. Reduced both the quantity andquality of water in a large negative impact on ecosystems and biodiversity threaten leaving Natural food sourcesand effects on organisms and causes irreparabl MoreIn terms of water quantity and quality is the most important part of an ecosystem. Reduced both the quantity andquality of water in a large negative impact on ecosystems and biodiversity threaten leaving Natural food sourcesand effects on organisms and causes irreparable damage, Knowledge and information about water rights and theapplication of specific rules to regulate the management macro environment seems essential. Therefore, based onthis study on the lake among the largest watershed of the country is carried out in terms of locationgeographically in northwestern Iran between East Azerbaijan and West Azerbaijan longitude 44 degrees 14minutes to 47 degrees 53 minutes east and 35 degrees 40 minutes north latitude to 38 degrees and 30 minutes islocatedThe main reasons for studies on slow dry lake-level changes in temperature and precipitation in theregion of 79-83 were studiedAnd consequently the rate of temperature change is not so drastic drop in waterlevel can cause dry lakes and rainfall of 79-83 years of upward growthDuring the same period, but the waterlevel of the lake has suffered a significant drop. Check water level fluctuations indicates that in 1346 the lowestlevel to the height of 1273/86 (m) free water level is reached, If the water level over the past thirteen years to1272/00 (m) about 6/20 mm reduced. In the present study, we believe that the gradual construction of 72 damscatchment basins with the average rate 4/5 billion cubic meters, the lake provides a huge change. Other factors,such as dam construction, the double-pass martyr station in front of the natural cycle of water under stirring thenatural order of living plant material suspended in the water cycle, the water creates many changes in theecosystem. The indiscriminate digging of the wells during the past seventeen years (91-74) of approximately 650thousand to 336 thousand Ring has increased among the factors that makes it believe that responsible decisionsin the coming years factors inland lake with a rejectUndoubtedly, completely separate the lake into northern andsouthern even completely dry lake will follow. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Modeling academic anxiety based on parent-child perception, classroom environment perception, and socioeconomic status mediated by stress coping styles
Shima Vafa Mina Mojtabaie Nasrin Bagheri Khadije Abolmaali AlhoseiniPurpose: The purpose of the present study was to present a model of academic anxiety based on parent-child perception, perception of classroom environment and socioeconomic status by mediating stress coping styles in students. Methodology: The research method was descri MorePurpose: The purpose of the present study was to present a model of academic anxiety based on parent-child perception, perception of classroom environment and socioeconomic status by mediating stress coping styles in students. Methodology: The research method was descriptive and correlational. The population of the study consisted of all female secondary school students in Tehran public schools who were studying in the academic year of 2015-2016. The sample size consisted of 480 secondary school girl students who were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Students' Questionnaires on Classroom Perception Questionnaires Made by Fraser, Fisher, and MacRobbie (1996); And responded to the Thames (2007) socioeconomic status questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Findings: The results showed that the structural model of the research assumes that the variables of socioeconomic status, parent-child relationship perception, and perception of classroom environment, both directly and indirectly, mediate stress coping styles, the present variable of academic anxiety Predicted and fitted to the data collected. Conclusion: The variables of socioeconomic status, parent-child relationship, and perception of classroom environment, both directly and indirectly, mediate the current stressor coping styles predicting academic anxiety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Predictive of Positive School Orientation Based on Social-Emotional Learning and Parent-Child Relationship with Motivational Structure Mediation
Parisa Farnodian Khadije Abolmaali Alhoseini Kianosh HashemianObjective: The purpose of this study was to predict positive school orientation based on socio-emotional learning, socioeconomic status and parent-child relationship with motivational structure mediation. Method: The research method in this study was descriptive-correla MoreObjective: The purpose of this study was to predict positive school orientation based on socio-emotional learning, socioeconomic status and parent-child relationship with motivational structure mediation. Method: The research method in this study was descriptive-correlational with emphasis on possible causal relationships based on structural equations. Is. The study population consisted of all female secondary school students in Tehran. In this study, the sample size was 481 using multi-stage cluster sampling. The research tools were Ahmadi School Positive Orientation (1396) Questionnaire, Kassel's Socio-Emotional Learning (2008) Questionnaire, Thames socioeconomic status (2007), Fain's parent-child relationship (1963), Morland and Schubel, and Cox and Klinger motivational structure (2002). Results: The results of the research data obtained by modifying the structural model in three stages of modification model and fitness indices show that the structural model fits with the collected data. Thus, the first hypothesis of the research is the structural equation analysis of the developed model showing that all path coefficients except social-emotional learning to adaptive motivation structure, social-emotional learning to positive attitude to school and adaptive motivational structure to positive attitude to school , At the 0.01 level were significant and fit. Conclusion: Therefore, social-emotional learning and the parent-child relationship with the mediating role of motivational structure have a significant effect on students' positive attitudes toward school. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Identification and investigation of effective factors of organic products status in consumer basket of households
Fahimeh Ganjkhani Mohammad Mohammadi Hossien Zahedi -
Open Access Article
92 - Examining and comparing the ways of representing the social position of "female characters" in the short story 20
نجمه najmeh alireza shabanlu Abdolhossein FarzadFictional literature in Iran has focused its attention on representing the realities of Iranian society from the very beginning of its formation. With a quick look at the works of fiction from the twenties to the fifties, the audience can clearly see the influence of re MoreFictional literature in Iran has focused its attention on representing the realities of Iranian society from the very beginning of its formation. With a quick look at the works of fiction from the twenties to the fifties, the audience can clearly see the influence of realism in the heart and text of the stories. The main reason for this approach in fiction literature is the political and social structure and conditions that govern Iran. The present study tries to answer the main question in a descriptive-analytical way, that according to the realist view that prevailed in the short story in the twenties, what image did the male writers draw of "woman" and her "social position" at this historical moment? are The statistical population of this research is the short stories written by Ebrahim Golestan, Bozor Alavi and Mahmoud Etemadzadeh in this decade. The findings of the research show that "female" characters in these stories are often mentioned as secondary characters and their processing method is in a way that is related to other characters. It seems that none of the "female" characters are directly introduced in these stories and their "actions", "thoughts" and "speech" are the main tools of the authors. They are to introduce these characters to the reader. These women have different names; but they have common characteristics that they are condemned to suffer and finally surrender due to economic, cultural and political anomalies. In general, although these "women" have been represented differently in some cases; the overall picture presented of them under the influence of the realistic view of short story writers in the twenties has many points in common with each other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - A comparative study of the social position of women in the short stories of the 20s from the perspective of the experimental role of language in the Halidi role-oriented approach "focusing on the short stories of Bozor Alavi, Ebrahim Golestan, Mahmoud Etemadzadeh and Jalal Al-Ahmad"
najmeh Hashemi Alireza shabanloo Abdolhosein FarzadRole-oriented linguistics emphasizes that language is a "social tool" and deals with those human actions that refer to the transfer of meaning with the help of language. Halidi considers language as a system of lexical choices that the speaker uses at three levels accor MoreRole-oriented linguistics emphasizes that language is a "social tool" and deals with those human actions that refer to the transfer of meaning with the help of language. Halidi considers language as a system of lexical choices that the speaker uses at three levels according to the context of the situation. Language is formed according to social needs and the surrounding environment and organizes meaning. This language function is called "Franqash" in role-oriented linguistics. The trans-roles of language are: the trans-role of thoughts, which is used for reading and analyzing the text; interpersonal trans-role whose purpose is to initiate or promote relationships to influence the behavior of others, express opinions, modify or change them; Transtextual role that has the task of adapting the message according to other textual and extratextual factors. The current research tries to answer these questions in a descriptive-analytical way, according to the statistical community of the research, what is the function of each of the linguistic processes in the textual structure of the short stories of the 20s? And according to the fundamentals raised in the intellectual role and the realist point of view governing short stories in the twenties, what image of "woman" and "her social position" have been drawn by male writers at this historical moment? Emphasizing on its "realistic and realistic character", short story literature has always sought to define a place for the presence of women and also free itself from gender restrictions and patriarchal readings. The findings of the research indicate that Bozor Alavi, Ebrahim Golestan, Mahmoud Etemadzadeh and Jalal Al-Ahmad each used different types of linguistic processes in the textual structure of their short stories to depict the positive social status of women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Socioeconomic Status or Attending Private English Courses: Which One is a Better Indicator of High School Students' EFL Motivation
Babak Hosseinpour Hossein Sadeghoghli Afsar Rouhi -
Open Access Article
95 - Identification and Explanation of the Current Status of Evaluating Physical Education Curriculum of the Primary Schools to Present and Validate an Optimal Model
Amin Sheikhi Aram Faezeh Nateghi Ezatullah Shah Mansouri -
Open Access Article
96 - Investigating the physicochemical conditions of the Caspian Sea water in Sisangan region for setting up a Salmon breeding farm in a cage
Omidreza Touni Nooshin Sajjadi Farhad Moosakhani Rooholah MahmoudkhaniIntroduction: In general, increasing the production and exploitation of aquatic animals in the aquatic ecosystem without considering its relationship and balance with other parts of the ecosystem causes a wrong assessment of the real cost and benefits of these services MoreIntroduction: In general, increasing the production and exploitation of aquatic animals in the aquatic ecosystem without considering its relationship and balance with other parts of the ecosystem causes a wrong assessment of the real cost and benefits of these services to the environment and society, and in the future will have negative effects. The activities carried out in the aquaculture industry lead to a decrease in the quality of water and as a result the chemical balance in water is disturbed. On the other hand, the increase in metabolic activity in aquatic animals intensifies those effects. In the aquaculture industry, attention should be paid to quality control and monitoring methods. Knowing the basic conditions of the desired water body for the construction of breeding farms and predicting the future situation of the region based on the effluents entering is very necessary.Aim: In this study, the physicochemical conditions of Sisangan region were investigated for setting up a fish farm.Materials and Methods: In order to determine the state of sea water quality, water sample collected for one period to analyze pollution and physicochemical variables. After determining of the variables, the TRIX trophic index was calculated and the trophic conditions of the area were determined.Results: Measuring the physical parameters of water from 5 to 15 meters depth showed that the variables of temperature, electrical conductivity, salinity, oxygen and pH do not change much along the depth. The measurement of nutrients indicated that the total nitrogen in the sea in the study area varies from less than 0.1 mg/liter to 2.5 mg/liter. The amount of total phosphorus in the study range varies from less than the measuring limit of the device 0.003 mg/liter to 0.007 mg/liter. According to the measurements made in these studies, the result of calculating the TRIX index is an average numerical value of 2.3.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the area is tropically oligotrophic and the water quality of the area is very good. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - The comparison of beliefs in fair world for self and others in terms of sex, marital status, education, job, housing
mohsen golpero hamidreza arziThe present study compares beliefs on fair world for self and others according to sex, level of education , job, housing status. To do so, of among statistical population in Isfahan (men and women above 17 ) , 1176 people in alleys and streets, were chosen a MoreThe present study compares beliefs on fair world for self and others according to sex, level of education , job, housing status. To do so, of among statistical population in Isfahan (men and women above 17 ) , 1176 people in alleys and streets, were chosen and asked to answer a questionnaire . The questionnaire was adapted from laipkes , etal (u96). It included 16 questions. The data were analyzed using independent t-test , one – way ANOVA, and follow – up LSD test . the results showed no significance difference between men and women in their beliefs on fair world for self and others. (p>0/05). There was no significant difference between the married and the single (p < 0/05) . The Different age groups showed significant difference in their beliefs. The follow-up LSD test showed a significant higher difference between 17-21 age group and 42 age group in their beliefs of fair world for self (p<0/05). In education – level groups, the study showed participant with high-school diploma and associate degree graduates had higher beliefs for a fair world compared with MA/MS graduates there was a significant difference among occupation groups. There was a higher level of belief in fair world among clerks and teachers than among manual workers and drivers. Manual workers had a weaker belief in fair world for self then technical workers, students, had housewives , physicians, veterinarians and those who workers , students , housewives, physicians and veterinarians had higher belief in fair world then drivers . There was also a significant difference among those who had this own house and those who were tenants (p<0/05). Follow-up LSD test the former had higher levels of belief in fair world than the latter Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - The Impact of Women's Organizations and Associations on Promoting the Status of Women in Qajar Society
Fatemeh Mahbob AliAsghar Davoudi Hamid saeedijavadiDuring the Qajar period, women in traditional and patriarchal societies had the lowest level of social, economic, cultural and political rights. Factors such as the Constitutional Revolution and the spread of feminist ideas as a result of the expansion of Iran-West rela MoreDuring the Qajar period, women in traditional and patriarchal societies had the lowest level of social, economic, cultural and political rights. Factors such as the Constitutional Revolution and the spread of feminist ideas as a result of the expansion of Iran-West relations led some intellectual and progressive women to think about the realization of women's rights in this traditional and religious environment. To this end, women established several educational and civic institutions, such as girls' schools and women's associations and publications, to educate women and work for their rights. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of women's associations and organizations in promoting the status of women in Qajar society. To this end, the question arises that what effect did women's associations and organizations have on the promotion of the status of women in the Qajar period? The hypothesis is that these associations and organizations improved the social and political status of women at this time by raising awareness, changing attitudes and identifying women. The research shows that these associations have increased the awareness, change the attitude and demand of a large number of women by establishing several girls' schools, holding meetings and gatherings, establishing a magazine and raising awareness among women and have provided the conditions and Introduction for their entry into the community. The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical and the data are collected in a library method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - The Impact of Women's Associations and Organizations on Promoting the Status of Women in Qajar Society
Fateme Mahbob Aliasghar davoodi Hamid Saeedi Javadisocial, economic, cultural and political rights. Factors such as the Constitutional Revolution and the spread of feminist ideas as a result of the expansion of Iran-West relations led some intellectual and progressive women to think about the realization of women's righ Moresocial, economic, cultural and political rights. Factors such as the Constitutional Revolution and the spread of feminist ideas as a result of the expansion of Iran-West relations led some intellectual and progressive women to think about the realization of women's rights in this traditional and religious environment. To this end, women established several educational and civic institutions, such as girls' schools and women's associations and publications, to educate women and work for their rights. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of women's associations and organizations in promoting the status of women in Qajar society. To this end, the question arises that what effect did women's associations and organizations have on the promotion of the status of women in the Qajar period? The hypothesis is that these associations and organizations improved the social and political status of women at this time by raising awareness, changing attitudes and identifying women. The research shows that these associations have increased the awareness, change the attitude and demand of a large number of women by establishing several girls' schools, holding meetings and gatherings, establishing a magazine and raising awareness among women and have provided the conditions and Introduction for their entry into the community. The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical and the data are collected in a library method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - The Impact of Women's Organizations and Associations on Promoting the Status of Women in Society (Qajar )
Fatemeh Mahboob AliAsghar Davoudi Hamid saeedijavadiDuring the Qajar period, women in a traditional and patriarchal society had the least amount of social, economic, cultural and political rights. Factors such as the constitutional revolution and the expansion of relations between Iran and the West caused some intellectu MoreDuring the Qajar period, women in a traditional and patriarchal society had the least amount of social, economic, cultural and political rights. Factors such as the constitutional revolution and the expansion of relations between Iran and the West caused some intellectual and progressive women to think of asserting women's rights in this traditional and religious environment. For this purpose, women started to establish educational and civic institutions such as girls' schools, associations and women's publications in order to inform women and work for their rights. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of women's associations in promoting the status of women in Qajar society. To this end, the question arises that what effect did women's associations have on the promotion of the status of women in the Qajar period? The current research has proposed the hypothesis that these associations improved the social and political status of women through the development of awareness, change of attitude and giving identity to women. The results of the research show that these associations, by establishing several girls' schools, creating meetings and gatherings, and establishing a publication, have increased the number of literates, increased awareness, changed the attitude and demands of a large number of women, and have provided the prerequisites and conditions for their entry into society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Identifying and Priority the Indexes of Job-fitness and labor in recruiting specialized human resource
Mirza Hassan Hosseini Zeinolabedin Rahmani Fataneh HabibiHuman Resource Supply is considered as one of the principal tasks of management, and the other managerial tasks (such as planning, organization, etc.) in practice realize just when the right and skilled human resource exist to implement them. The Appropriate selection o MoreHuman Resource Supply is considered as one of the principal tasks of management, and the other managerial tasks (such as planning, organization, etc.) in practice realize just when the right and skilled human resource exist to implement them. The Appropriate selection of staff is of utmost importance, because the selection of inappropriate personnel, i.e. the people do not have adequate skills and eligibilities or leave the organization after a while, imposes heavy costs to the organization. Selecting and recruiting the staff is a multi-criteria decision-making issue, which encompasses numerous indices. The present research is an attempt to identify and prioritize those indices. The research statistic sample includes high-ranking executive managers, managers in human resource department, the academic faculty members and educational managers in private sectors, offices and departments in Qazvin province. This research is an applied-descriptive type in which the relationship between the indices and the factors affecting the job-fitness have been investigated using mathematical multi-criteria decision-making methods and Group Analytical Hierarchy Process (GAHP) technique, as well as the calculation and pair comparison approach. The Hierarchy Process analysis indicates that these two factors have different effects in public and private sectors. Hence, if these factors are controlled at the time of recruitment, the job fitness can be maximized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Qualitative meta-analysis of research on the context and factors of changes in the Iranian family
Hamed Nazari Mohammad Ganji Assadollah Babaei FardThe Iranian family has undergone many changes in recent decades. These changes have occurred in different aspects of the family including household size, marriage and divorce rates, the purpose of marriage, and so on. The aim of this study is to investigate the factors MoreThe Iranian family has undergone many changes in recent decades. These changes have occurred in different aspects of the family including household size, marriage and divorce rates, the purpose of marriage, and so on. The aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting family changes based on existing research in this area. The methodology of this study includes qualitative meta-analysis and systematic review. The target group is all research that has been published in the form of thesis and research papers. Data coding and analysis is done using MAXQDA software. In order to achieve the purpose of the present research, 57 studies in Iran from 2001 onwards were studied. Besides descriptive analysis, the reviewed documents were evaluated in different aspects. The findings of this study indicate that there are three main factors led to changes in the Iranian family: 1. The education and employment of women has promoted their status in the family power hierarchy; 2. Modernization processes have caused changes in the value system of the Iranian family. ; 3. The socio-economic status of the family affects the values of its members. At the end of the study, a critical conclusion and evaluation of the existing knowledge in the field of family studies in Iran have been presented and the weak points in this area that require further research are identified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Pattern of customer relationship management strategies in customer journey with a mixed approach(Case Study: Hypermia Chain Stores)
Fatemeh karimvand Neda Soleymani mahmood ElmiToday's organizations need a good understanding of customers and their needs in order to succeed in business. Customer relationship management is an effective tool to obtain, maintain and increase customer satisfaction, as a result of which its implementation will incre MoreToday's organizations need a good understanding of customers and their needs in order to succeed in business. Customer relationship management is an effective tool to obtain, maintain and increase customer satisfaction, as a result of which its implementation will increase customer loyalty to the organization. Stores are organizations that, by the nature of their work, are in great need of customer relationship management processes. In this study, by presenting the optimal model of customer relationship management in hyperemia chain stores with the approach of improving financial status and profitability, the basic and key components have been identified and based on the importance and performance of various CMR components, the optimal program of customer relationship management system has been determined. Is . The results showed that the most important criteria are: 1- Customer orientation 2- Loyalty 3- Needs recognition 4- Mutual understanding 5- Flexibility. The components that achieved the highest score in the indicators are: 1- Providing fast customer service 2- Understanding the needs of key customers through the continuous learning process 3- Existence of accurate customer feedback system and acting on it 4- Flexibility of management and staff for Providing new services 5- Senior managers pay attention to customer relationship management as an essential principle 6- Trying to attract customer loyalty in various ways. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - The Elderly and Physical Activity: A Qualitative Method
Mohammad mostafa Abdi Mohammad Abbaszadeh kamal koohiAbstract:The purpose of this study was to identify physical status among elders of Tabriz city. The methodology used in this research was qualitative. In order to collect data in the study, semi-structured interview was applied. The statistical population in this study MoreAbstract:The purpose of this study was to identify physical status among elders of Tabriz city. The methodology used in this research was qualitative. In order to collect data in the study, semi-structured interview was applied. The statistical population in this study was elders of Tabriz city. The statistical sample was selected through purposeful method of sampling. 15 people were interviewed in several areas of Tabriz. Data obtained from interview was analyzed using phenomenological method. In this study, in order to gain validity of research findings resulted from the interviews technique of triplicity and also parallel technique and presenting data and its results analysis method of data gathering were applied. The results of this research showed that losing physical strength and suffering from chronic diseases among elders are of the main problems that these elements could influence on their viewpoint about the life. Also, some factors like living situation and economic factors could influence on the elders' physical health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Social factors related to improving the social status of high school teachers in Meshkinshahr from teachers’ own points of view
Azizeh Jahangiri Mahmood ElmiThe present study was conducted in order to investigate the social factors related to improving the social status of high school teachers in Meshkinshahr from teachers’ own points of view. This is an applied research which in terms of time is cross-sectional and i MoreThe present study was conducted in order to investigate the social factors related to improving the social status of high school teachers in Meshkinshahr from teachers’ own points of view. This is an applied research which in terms of time is cross-sectional and in terms of controlling the research conditions is a survey and descriptive- correlation. The statistical population of this study was all high school teachers in Meshkinshahr in 93-94 educational years (670), and using the stratified random sampling 245 teachers was selected as the sample size through Cochran formula. In order to collect data a questionnaire was used. The results of Pearson Correlation Test show that, there is a meaningful relationship between improving the social status of teachers and the following variables: salaries and benefits of teachers, teachers’ access to facilities, teachers’ membership in independent trade organizations, the citizens’ trust to teachers, the attention of Media to teachers and increasing the teachers’ skills. Also, the results of multi-variate regression show that, 79% of the improvement of teachers’ social status is due to relationship between a linear combination of independent variables and the remaining 21% which is called coefficient of no determination is due to other factors that were not included in this study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Examining the sociological factors related to eating attitudes of female students of medical faculty of Urmiah University.
Samad Sabagh Maryam Maryam Seyedzadeh Talatapeh Maryam Seyedzadeh TalatapehGood nutrition and access to safe and appropriate food are the most fundamental rights of human beings. Without the proper nutrition, no one will enjoy the blessings of health. Meanwhile, the Nutrition of Women and Girls are particularly important because they have MoreGood nutrition and access to safe and appropriate food are the most fundamental rights of human beings. Without the proper nutrition, no one will enjoy the blessings of health. Meanwhile, the Nutrition of Women and Girls are particularly important because they have special physical needs in different periods of life. On the other hand, girls today are the future mothers and considering their nutritional needs, the healthier mothers, the healthier and the more efficient generation we will have in the future. On this basis, the present thesis aim to determine the sociological factors affecting the eating attitudes of girls. In this study, theories of Mary Story, Jean Baudrillard, Neil Postmen, Shills, Daniel Lerner, Hayprt, Markvzeh, Rieszman, and Robert Merton & Lazarsefled, Cockerham, Herbert Mead and Charles Horton Cooley were used. The aim of this research is to determine the correlation of sociological factors (media, advertising, family, peers, socio-economic status of family) and eating attitudes among MA girl Students of medical faculty, urmia branch in 1388-89. The total number of female students was 977 and 276 students were selected by Kocran formula. Data were analyzed by SPSS and statistical tests of F, r-Pierson and multi _regression were used to acquire results. So results showed that of applied factors media had the highest effect on girls eating attitudes. Applied variables could explain 20%of eating attitudes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - The evaluation of the identity status and social capital among Tabriz Azad University students
Abdullah Barzegari Mahmood ElmiThe present study aims to evaluate the identity status and social capital among the students of Tabriz Azad University. The study is a survey method and the data collection tool is standard questionnaires. The population included 5146 students of Tabriz Azad University MoreThe present study aims to evaluate the identity status and social capital among the students of Tabriz Azad University. The study is a survey method and the data collection tool is standard questionnaires. The population included 5146 students of Tabriz Azad University among whom 335 students were selected based on Morgan Table (234 females, 112 males).Also, the sampling method of the study is stratified random sampling method. The findings indicate that, the students of this university have high levels of social capital. Easily verifiable identity emerged as the dominated identity of the students of Tabriz Azad University. The results show no significant difference in social capital levels of the owners'of identity status. The variables of gender and marital status played a decisive role in shaping the students' social capital level. In other words, being married leads to greater sense of responsibility towards children and spouse. So the gender and marital status play a decisive role in one's social capital level. But no significant difference was found in the type of identity status. Howeverthe results indicated significant difference among the students of different faculties in social capital level as well as identity status. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Determinin the Rate of Violence Spread and the Social Factors Affecting It (A case study of Ajabshir high schools, boy and girl students).
Mahmood Elmi Khadijeh TighzanViolence among adolescents is one of the major problems in societies which is increasing nowadays. Adolescent violence as a social issue, like other social issues, is affected by different factors. The aim of this research is to investigate the social factors affecting MoreViolence among adolescents is one of the major problems in societies which is increasing nowadays. Adolescent violence as a social issue, like other social issues, is affected by different factors. The aim of this research is to investigate the social factors affecting violence among high school students by using theories of social psychology and sociology in particular. The research is a survey and the research tool is a questionnaire which was distributed among 375 boy and girl students of Ajabshir high schools, who were chosen through systematic and clustering sampling technique. The findings showed that lack of affection toward parents, lack of parent supervision over children's behavior, parents, ill-treatment with children, parents, conflict with each other, peer felons, lack of commitment to ethics, punishment at school, and parents, strictness have a direct and significant relationship with adolescent violence. The multiple regression analysis indicated that the variables of parents, ill-treatment, lack of affection toward parents, parents, supervision, socio-economic status, team work, peer felons, and commitment to ethics have a major share in determining the rate of students, violence. The obtained rate was 51%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Investigation of trends to fertility and the related social factors (A case study of married women 15 to 50 years in Tabriz)
Hamideh Savabi FIRUZ RADIran as a transferring country from aging and developing points of view has quick fertility decline in recent years. Fertility relates to human’s biologic and social conditions. The aim of this study is the recognition of social factors related to tendency to fert MoreIran as a transferring country from aging and developing points of view has quick fertility decline in recent years. Fertility relates to human’s biologic and social conditions. The aim of this study is the recognition of social factors related to tendency to fertility. Using survey, data are obtained from 460 married women 15 to 50 years in Tabriz with multi-stage cluster sampling. The results show religious belief is one of the most important factors in women’s tendency to fertility. As shown in the results of multi-stage regression, the major part of tendency to fertility is religious belief (21%) and in total, 30%of tendency to fertility is determined by religious belief, ideal child, social capital, and residence period in Tabriz and social status. The obtained data show that women age has maximum effect on fertility and social status has the minimum effect on it. Finally it can be concluded that Bongart, Noshtein, Rang and Beaker’ s theories and also social status theories , religious beliefs and social capital are appropriate in determining the relationship between social factors and tendency to fertility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - The assessment of the social factors associated with social health of families in Tabriz
Samad Sabbagh Narmineh Moinian Sara SabbaghOne of the key goals of health system in each country is to maintain and improve the health and quality of life for all people in the community. To do this, providing the appropriate facilities for meeting the physical, mental, social health needs of human life at all s MoreOne of the key goals of health system in each country is to maintain and improve the health and quality of life for all people in the community. To do this, providing the appropriate facilities for meeting the physical, mental, social health needs of human life at all stages is considered as the basic rights. Health is not just a biological subject, but social factors are also involved in determining the health status of the people. Many factors contribute to this situation such as social confidence, leisure time, feeling of hopelessness, religious beliefs and socio-economic status of individuals. Method of study is Survey and technique for collecting data was standardized questionnaire. Statistical Population includes Tabriz households who were 428,009. According to the formula for determining the sample size, 326 households were selected for Tabriz city. Sampling method was multi-stage cluster sampling method. The overall aim of this study was to determine the social factors associated with social health in Tabriz families. Results of this study show that there is a significant relationship between social health of Tabriz households and the mentioned variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Social health assessment of Islamic Azad university of Tabriz students and its factors
Hussein Bani Fateme Mohammad Abbaszadeh Negar Chaichi TabriziThe goal of this paper is to measure the rate of social health of students at Tabriz Azad University and it is investigated through age, gender, marital status, social-economical base. The research methodology was survey and data gathered through a standard questionnair MoreThe goal of this paper is to measure the rate of social health of students at Tabriz Azad University and it is investigated through age, gender, marital status, social-economical base. The research methodology was survey and data gathered through a standard questionnaire. The population of the study (Tabriz Azad University in academic year of 2012-2013) was 25974 students. Based on Cochran formula 310 people were selected (128 female and 18 male). Sampling method was the cluster approach. The findings showed that the students of this university have average social health and also, variables such as age, gender and marital statuses are crucial in determining social health range and social-economical base doesn't have a meaningful difference with social health. However there was a meaningful difference in social health among students of different faculties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Investigating the demographic factors related to political participation of citizens of Mahabad city
Hesam Nasiri Shahla Kazemipour Majid kafashiThe main objective of this research is to determine the demographicfactors related to political participation of citizens of Mahabad city. Theresearch method was survey and the statistical population in this study isall citizens aged 18 years and over in Mahabad city in MoreThe main objective of this research is to determine the demographicfactors related to political participation of citizens of Mahabad city. Theresearch method was survey and the statistical population in this study isall citizens aged 18 years and over in Mahabad city in 2018. The samplesize was estimated using Cochran's formula 382 people and they wereselected through multi-stage cluster sampling and also systematic randomsampling. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made politicalparticipation questionnaire whose reliability coefficient was calculatedusing Cronbach's alpha of 0.96. Also, the Likert scale was used tomeasure its concepts. Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-testand one way ANOVA were used to analyze the data. The results of theresearch show that, there is a significant difference between the level ofpolitical participation and the social class, and the level of politicalparticipation of the middle and lower classes of Mahabad community ismore than the other classes in this city. The result of this research showthat, the lower class has more urgency, necessity, motivation andwillingness to participate and intervene in political affairs in order tochange its existing status, but the involvement of the middle class in thepolitical affairs of the city is more imposing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - The relation of socio-economic factors with social health of guidance and high school teachers of Azarshahr city
Davood Ebrahimpoor Robabeh Poorjebeli Roohangiz Ramazani MamaghaniThe purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between socioeconomic factors and social health among guidance school and high school teachers in Azarshahr. The research method is survey, the research population consisted of guidance school and high school t MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between socioeconomic factors and social health among guidance school and high school teachers in Azarshahr. The research method is survey, the research population consisted of guidance school and high school teachers in Azarshahr who are 332. Sample of Study was obtained using Cochran formula and it is 180 people. The data gathering tool in this study is a questionnaire. In order to measure the variables, social health questionnaire of Keyes as well as social capital, socio-economic status and job satisfaction questionnaires have been used. Results show that there is a direct meaningful relationship between social participation and social health of teachers as well as job satisfaction and their social health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Studying the social factors related to marital compatibility among married teachers of secondary schools in Marand
Mahmood Elmi Karim Yazdani Aim of this study is to identify the social factors related to marital compatibility. Family is the first and the most exclusive social institute in a way that success and dynamism of a society is based on family member’s satisfaction. Marital compatibilit More Aim of this study is to identify the social factors related to marital compatibility. Family is the first and the most exclusive social institute in a way that success and dynamism of a society is based on family member’s satisfaction. Marital compatibility is a state in which the wife and husband feel satisfaction and happiness from their marriage. One of the vital factors related to couple’s satisfaction and happiness is the relationship between their martial compatibility and social factor. Aiming to identify the social factors (duration of engagement, duration of marriage, the teacher’s age at the time of marriage, adherence to religious believes, kinships, social status, way of familiarity with the wife, way of passing the time together) and the couple’s compatibility, the researcher used the Maslow’s, Burgess’ and Michel Andres’ marriage duration theories in order to explain the correlation between these variables. The methodology is survey and the statistical population includes the married teachers in secondary schools of Marand. The samples who were 250 couples were chosen through stratified sampling method. The spinner’s couple compatibility scale and Graham Filisinger were the measurement tools. The data analyzed through SPSS software. In order to test the hypothesis, independent T, Pearson Correlation test, variance analysis and ANOVA were used. Results of the study show that the marital compatibility rate was 80.41 and 15.51. There was a significant difference between factors such as kinship, passing the leisure time together, social status, adherence to religious believes and marital compatibility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Comparative study on the tendency towards general sport in Khalkhal and Hashjin cities with consideration to economic and social variables
Samad Abedini Jafar Ebrahimi Ramin Esfahani HashjinThis research was conducted with the aim of comparing the tendencytoward public sport in Khalkhal and Hashejin cities in terms of economicand social status in 1395-1399. The research method is a survey and atool for collecting data is a researcher-made questionnaire. Th MoreThis research was conducted with the aim of comparing the tendencytoward public sport in Khalkhal and Hashejin cities in terms of economicand social status in 1395-1399. The research method is a survey and atool for collecting data is a researcher-made questionnaire. The statisticalpopulation of the study included all citizens of Khalkhal and Hashjincities. According to statistics provided by the Khalkhal County CivilRegistry Office, 47,848 people live in 13,156 households in Khalkhal,and 7315 as 1984 households in Hashjin City. The Cochran formula wasused to determine the sample size which was 384. The research findingsindicate that,the level of tendency toward public sport in Khalkhal andHashjin is different in terms of socioeconomic status. And in both cities,the rate of people's tendency to public sports varies according tosocioeconomic status (income, type of occupation, level of education,social participation, and type of consumed food and the use of culturalgoods). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Investigation of the sociological factors associated with married young people’s delayed marriage over 30 years old in Bonab
Sirous Fakhrayi Mahnaz PourtaghiThe present study investigates the sociological factors associated with married young people’s delayed marriage over 30 years old, in Bonab. The theoretical framework of the study is Parsons’ structural functionalism model, Robert king Merton’s theory, MoreThe present study investigates the sociological factors associated with married young people’s delayed marriage over 30 years old, in Bonab. The theoretical framework of the study is Parsons’ structural functionalism model, Robert king Merton’s theory, William Goode’ theory, Schelsky, Granshaym, Thompson, Giddens and Max Horkheimer theory. The method of the study is survey and statistical Society of it, is married young people over 30 years(between 30-39 years) old in Bonab who were 996.Using Cochran formula and systematic random sampling method, the sample size obtained are 197 people. The results show that, there is a meaningful relationship between variables such as willingness to further education, fastidious, tendency for female youth employment, employment problem of young male feeling and the desire to have a single life with delayed marriage. Also, there isn’t a meaningful relationship between socio-economic bases, the youth trust towards each other and the rigor of marriage in the family with delayed marriage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Relationship between the identity and social alienation of students of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz
Ahmad Rahro khajeh Ali Esmaeeli Mahmood Ziyaee Fard Hussein Bageri Mohammad Ali Kafayi farThe aim of this paper is to study the relationship between socialalienation and identity status of university students. Methodology of thisstudy is survey. In order to measure social alienation, Melvin Seaman’sscale including feelings of powerlessness, social anom MoreThe aim of this paper is to study the relationship between socialalienation and identity status of university students. Methodology of thisstudy is survey. In order to measure social alienation, Melvin Seaman’sscale including feelings of powerlessness, social anomie, social isolation,meaninglessness, and estrangement were used. In order to measure identitystatus EIS2-EOM Test provided by Adams and Benion (1989) was used.Statistical population of this study includes students of Tabriz IslamicAzad University. The sample includes 380 students chosen throughproportional stratified sampling method based on student’s gender andfaculty. Findings of the study show that, there is a significant correlationbetween social alienation and identity status of subjects. Average ofalienation among males is 48. 5 and females’ average is 49.3 that arestatistically meaningful. X2 Test shows that, there is a significantcorrelation between identity status and faculty that the rate of this relation(in Phi test) is 0. 38. Individuals with a strong identity base, because theyhave crossed the crisis and made commitments, are less exposed to socialalienation, use effective social skills, and have an appropriate behavior inanomic conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - The examination of social factors related to the tendency of high school students to the reference group in Ardabil
Haji Vali Agagolizadeh mohsen alaei Firouz RadThe subject of the present study is the examination of social factors related to the tendency of high school students to the reference group in Ardabil. Statistical population of this study is 13584 students and to determine sample volume, Cochran formula was used and 4 MoreThe subject of the present study is the examination of social factors related to the tendency of high school students to the reference group in Ardabil. Statistical population of this study is 13584 students and to determine sample volume, Cochran formula was used and 400students were selected. The research method is survey and data gathered by a questionnaire which was validated by some masters and senior expert students (as criterion validity). Also the reliability of the questionnaire estimated using cronbach alpha. The obtained findings show that there is a meaningful difference between tendency to the reference group and variables such as religiosity, academic achievement, social status and gender of students. Also, there isn’t a meaningful relationship between tendency to the reference group and variables such as social participation, management practices, and the use of mass media. The results of regression analysis indicate that, the variables of academic achievement, social status, gender of students and religiosity stay in the above-mentioned model. Elite group with 32/3percent and athletes with27/8 percent, were selected the first and second reference group respectively, and economic group with 3/32 percent was chosen as the last reference group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Examining the social factors associated with social commitment Case study of Tabriz Islamic Azad university students in 89-90.
Samad Sabagh Sahar GhiyasiThis research tries to answer this question that what kind of factors mayinfluence the social commitment among students? Accordingly, hypothesesfrom theoretical views of functionalism and interactionism of Koshman,Bloomberg, Becker, Parsens, Mathew, and Ziac, and also t MoreThis research tries to answer this question that what kind of factors mayinfluence the social commitment among students? Accordingly, hypothesesfrom theoretical views of functionalism and interactionism of Koshman,Bloomberg, Becker, Parsens, Mathew, and Ziac, and also the previous studiesand researches have been extracted to describe social commitment. Theresearch method is the survey, and data were collected by questionnaire. Thedocumentary method is also used for collecting of theoretical texts andexperimental history. The statistical society in this research is all students ofIslamic Azad University of Tabriz who are totally 27037 students from whom 400students were selected as statistical sample using Kokran formula and varianceobtained from pre- test questionnaire. The sampling in the first step wasrandomly classified by which the samples were divided into faculty and genderof respondents among different faculties of university. Then simple randommethod was used to determine the sample among students of faculties ofuniversity. Pearson correlation coefficient, mean difference test (t-test) and one– side variance analysis test used were used for hypotheses testing, and todetermine social factors related to the rate of social commitment, the multipleregression analysis was used. The result obtained from hypotheses testingshows that there is a significant relationship between social satisfaction,gender, age and type of faculty as independent variables, and socialcommitment as dependent variable of the research Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Social factors effecting on sense of social security )Case Study: female students in Jahrom universities(
Abolghasem Mosallinejad Fakhrosadat PiltanThe aim of this study is to evaluate effective social factors on social security with survey research method. The study population consisted of all university female students in Jahrom city and using Cochran formula 327 were selected as the sample. Data was collected us MoreThe aim of this study is to evaluate effective social factors on social security with survey research method. The study population consisted of all university female students in Jahrom city and using Cochran formula 327 were selected as the sample. Data was collected using a multi-stage random cluster sampling and the reliability and validity of questions were assessed. Results indicate that, there are significant differences between indigenous and non-indigenous students and the type of university with a sense of social security. Pearson correlation test results show that, there is a significant relationship between theuniversity status,rumors and social participationas independent variables with a sense of social security. According to the regression data, variables such as university status,rumors, being indigenous and non-indigenous and social participationhave impact on social security, with maximum determination 0.242. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - The study of the relationship between women’s employment and their social health in Maragheh
Elham Masti Sirous FakhrayiThe purpose of this research is to study the relationship between women’s employment and social health in Maragheh. This research is practical and the research method is descriptive and of correlation type, and in terms of collecting data is a survey. The theoreti MoreThe purpose of this research is to study the relationship between women’s employment and social health in Maragheh. This research is practical and the research method is descriptive and of correlation type, and in terms of collecting data is a survey. The theoretical framework of research included the theory of Kinez and the negative and positive approach of the relationship between the employment and social health (division of homework, multiple role, social solidarity, social acceptance, social partnership, social adaptation and social development). The statistical sample is all women over 25 years (40642) and according to Cochran formula for unlimited society, the sample size estimated 380 women using multistage cluster and simple random sampling method. In order to collect the data standard questionnaire (Kinez social health) and a researcher-made questionnaire were used. The Cronbakh Alpha coefficient was obtained 0.942 which represented of question’s stability.The descriptive statistics (frequency, percent, average, standard deviation …) was used for summarizing data, and the inferential statistics was used for studying the relations among variables (the independent T test, Pearson correlation, and T test and variance analysis). The results showed that, there is a significant relationship between women’s employment and social health, in addition social health among employed women were more than housekeepers and the highest level of social health were among official and part-time employed people. In other words, job conditions had the most influence on social health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - The sociological study of job conscience and organizational factors influencing on them (A comparative study of government staff in Tehran and Yasooj)
Maryam Gashtasb Alireza Mohseni Tabrizi Bakhtyar KaramiThe present paper studies the job conscience of government staff in Tehran andYasooj and organizational factors influencing on them. In this study the theories of Durham, Haber mass, Parsons, and Maslow were used. The aim of this study was to identify the level of consc MoreThe present paper studies the job conscience of government staff in Tehran andYasooj and organizational factors influencing on them. In this study the theories of Durham, Haber mass, Parsons, and Maslow were used. The aim of this study was to identify the level of consciousness among employees working in the public sector (state, governor, and mayor) and the factors affecting on them. The research method is survey and the data were collected through questionnaire. The sample population was 386 who were selected by quota sampling. The relationship between the independent variables of the sense of organizational justice, organizational participation, role strain, role clarity and organizational and job status and the dependent variable of work conscience have been measured. The results show that the amount of job conscience is 76/3 and the average upward. Also job conscience inYasooj is 45/3and in Tehran is 37/3. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - The evolution of philosophical views on the place of man in government
Saadullah Ebrahimi Ahmadabad Seyed Mustafa Abtahi Mustafa KawakbianThe relationship between the people and the government and the role of the people in the government are among the issues raised in political philosophy. In this research, philosophical views on the position of the people in government have been studied and specifically MoreThe relationship between the people and the government and the role of the people in the government are among the issues raised in political philosophy. In this research, philosophical views on the position of the people in government have been studied and specifically representatives of philosophical views from ancient times to the modern period have been researched. The results of this study show that the share and position of people in the philosophical views of antiquity and the Middle Ages is limited. In ancient times, the role of the people was not recognized as a group with rights or political will. This thinking has continued in the Middle Ages. In the modern era, for the first time, people are clearly beyond the group for whom the government has educational duties or overpowers; They appear in political philosophy, and concepts such as social contract for Hobbes and fiduciary for Locke present government as the manifestation of the collective will of the people. Hobbes prescribes a kind of absolute government, Locke gives originality to individuality, and presents the state as the agent of the people. Weber is also based on the three forms of authority, and the relationship between government and people is accepted in his thought as a form of authority. But Kant, by focusing on the position of man in government and the characteristics he names for it, considers the republican government to be the only legitimate government in the world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - The Impact of Socio-Economic Status on Political Participation (Case Study: Dashtestan City)
صادق زیباکلام حسین اصبغی داوود افشاریPolitical participation, taking part in elections, is considered one of the most important indicators of citizen’s political behavior from the both perspective of political behavior researchers and political management of societies in the transitional state such a MorePolitical participation, taking part in elections, is considered one of the most important indicators of citizen’s political behavior from the both perspective of political behavior researchers and political management of societies in the transitional state such as Iran. This article aims to assess the relationship between socioeconomic statuses of voters in the city of Dashtestan with the level of political participation in the tenth presidential election. This is an applied survey research with respect to its objectives. Data collected through a questionnaire composed of two parts of political attitude and socio-economic status. Although the existing findings are indicative of positive relationship between above mentioned variables, however results in this research show negative relationship between socioeconomic statuses with that of political participation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Determination of trophic status and potential of fish production in lake Choghakhor
R. Mousavi Nadushan M.R. Fatemi A. Esmaeili Sari Gh.H. VosoughiLake Choghakhor is a shallow ecologically and economically important water body in eastern part of Iran. During last decade Lake Choghakhor has been influenced by some man-made impacts such as water level fluctuation, agricultural discharge and fish (Cyprinids) introduc MoreLake Choghakhor is a shallow ecologically and economically important water body in eastern part of Iran. During last decade Lake Choghakhor has been influenced by some man-made impacts such as water level fluctuation, agricultural discharge and fish (Cyprinids) introduction causing a serious problem in its trophic states. So in this study water quality for physical, trophic state indicators, total phosphate, algal chlorophyll, Secchi disk transparency, biomass of macrobenthose (seasonal) was studied monthly between May 2004 to April 2005. Now submerged plants especially Myriophyllum spicatum have covered almost the entire lake and dense macrophyte beds (Polygonom amphibium), located on the south east end of the lake appear to act as a sink for these nutrients. Lake Choghakhor appeared to be in a macrophyte dominated clear water state with low TP (annual mean: 24± 15µg.l-1) and chlorophyll a (annual mean: 3±1.28 µg.l-1) and very high Secchi depth. Fish yeild potential was estimated according to TP model as 34.4 kg.ha-1, production value for macrobenthose was 4.7 mg DM m-2yr-1 and annual fish production obtained by macrobenthose was about 282 to 376 kg.ha-1yr-1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Surveying the Method of Inference Generalizations by Implementation of Wisdom Rudiments
Vahid Zarei SharifOne of the most utilizations of inference tools of Orders in Islamic jurisprudence and law is to obtain the indication of word against generalization by wisdom rudiments. The current article reviews different aspects of that issue. Accordingly, the principal theor MoreOne of the most utilizations of inference tools of Orders in Islamic jurisprudence and law is to obtain the indication of word against generalization by wisdom rudiments. The current article reviews different aspects of that issue. Accordingly, the principal theories about the status of absolute words are reviewed and criticized. Between words of past and last people, five prefaces is obtained such as the whole aspiration form, asymmetry against encumbrance, lack of encumbrance value in terms of addressee, possibility of generalization and encumbrance and lack of refusal. Then each of mentioned prefaces was discussed according to the purpose of that preface, reliability of priority and the way of obtaining that. Finally by reviewing the theories and opinions of principles and their documentary proofs, it was ascertained that absolute indication is rational. So common symmetry or wisdom has just one condition, that is the speaker be in the form of expressing all his/her purpose and for the obtaining this preface, the use of rational principle of original expression is applicable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Lawful Status of Directors in Stocks Companies of Iran & England Jurisprudence & Law
Javad NiknezhadRecognizing the lawful status of directors in companies is important for determining of director’s choices of business companies. This importance not only affects on theoretical aspect but also has effect on third persons of transaction parties and companies. Lawy MoreRecognizing the lawful status of directors in companies is important for determining of director’s choices of business companies. This importance not only affects on theoretical aspect but also has effect on third persons of transaction parties and companies. Lawyers and jurists always discuss about this issue. Based on an opinion, directors of business company are lawyers of that company but there is another opinion which says that company directors are deputy of that company and finally some jurists know directors as an element of company elements. In this article, the author analyses these opinions by referring to article 17,118,135,588 and etc and comparing them in Iran and England jurisprudence and law. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Evaluation of oxidative stress in cattle with subclinical ketosis and clinical endometritis
farhad Balari Mahyari maryam karimi dehkordi mohammadreza nazemToday, the most important factor in the occurrence of metabolic and reproductive diseases in dairy cattle is the disturbance of natural process in body’s cellular-molecular events that occur after increasing of oxidants and the formation of oxidative stress. The a MoreToday, the most important factor in the occurrence of metabolic and reproductive diseases in dairy cattle is the disturbance of natural process in body’s cellular-molecular events that occur after increasing of oxidants and the formation of oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of a significant association between the serum concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), as oxidative stress indexes, with the incidence of subclinical ketosis and clinical endometritis in dairy cows. For this purpose, 101 Holstein dairy cows were divided into 4 groups (healthy, subclinical ketosis, clinical endometritis, and both of them subclinical ketosis-clinical endometritis), and serum levels of MDA and TAC were measured in one month before delivery. The lowest serum concentration of TAC and the highest plasma MDA levels were observed in cows with both of diseases, while control group (healthy cows) had the highest serum concentration of TAC and lowest MDA levels (P≤0.05). There was no significant difference in serum concentrations of TAC and MDA between clinical endometritis and subclinical ketosis groups (p>0.05). The results of this study demonstrated a significant correlation between serum concentrations MDA and TAC with the incidence of clinical endometritis and prevalence of ketosis-endometritis in dairy cows (P≤0.05). Conflict of interest: None declared.Keywords: Malondialdehyde, Total Antioxidant Capacity, Clinical Endometritis, Subclinical Ketosis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - The effects of different levels of arginine on cecum microbial population and serum antioxidant properties of healthy and coccidia-challenged broiler chicks
ّfatemeh Izadi ghoulam Ali moghaddam Ahmad Nematollahi monireh khordad mehr Mahdi Abbasabadi Hadi GhanbarzadehCocidiosis causes annual economic losses in industrial poultry farms and nutritional strategies can alleviate these losses. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of arginine on cecum microbial population and serum antioxidant proper MoreCocidiosis causes annual economic losses in industrial poultry farms and nutritional strategies can alleviate these losses. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of arginine on cecum microbial population and serum antioxidant properties of healthy and Eimeria-challenged broiler chicks. Experimental treatments included healthy and challenged broiler chicks fed with 85, 100, 125 and 150% of the recommended arginine. To conduct bacterial culture, samples were collected aseptically from cecum during slaughter (on days 21 and 42). The levels of antioxidant and oxidant factors and nitric oxide were also assessed in the serum of broiler chicks. The chicks which had received 125 and 150% of arginine showed lower E. coli population and higher population of lactobacillus, total bacteria, bifidiobacteria and pH in the cecum (p < /em><0.05), but entrococous population was not influenced (p < /em>>0.05). Eimeria challenge decreased the level of glutathione peroxidase, super oxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity and increased the levels of malondialdehyde (p < /em><0.05), but inclusion of arginine in the levels of 125 and 150% only increased the level of glutathione peroxidase (p < /em><0.05), and did not have any effect on other parameters (p < /em><0.05). In summary, consumption of arginine in higher levels (125 and 150%) decreased the pathogenic population and increased the beneficial bacteria and the level of glutathione peroxidase in Eimeria-challenged broiler chicks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Optimal pattern for pre-school courses curriculum
Rubab Peiry Yousef AdibThis study was carried out with the aim of designing an optimal pattern for pre-school course curriculum and comparing it with the existing status. Since there is not any comprehensive pattern with certain framework for pre-school courses curriculum in Iran to cover all MoreThis study was carried out with the aim of designing an optimal pattern for pre-school course curriculum and comparing it with the existing status. Since there is not any comprehensive pattern with certain framework for pre-school courses curriculum in Iran to cover all related aspects of a child's trainings, this study tries to present a model under the title of “development-oriented and creativity-oriented curriculum for bilingual children in Azerbaijan to correspond with primary school curriculum and more attention was given to all aspects of child's growth and creativity. Analytical and consequential methods were used to determine the elements of the optimal model, and survey method was used to validate the suggested model. Results 1- The elements of optimal model of curriculum included main and subjectives, content, organizing the content, learning activities, educational methods, evaluation, teacher, manager and parents roles in the suggested model. 2- Validation of the suggested model is according to the 20 related professors opinion was 99.62%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - The Investigation of the Statuse of Educational, Research and Facilities in Pf P.E. Departments in Various Section of Islamic Azad University from the Viewpoint of Faculty Members and Department Heads
Mohammad Rahimnajafzadeh Mohammad Khabiri Amir Ahmad Mozaffar MozaffarThe aim of this study was to investigate and compare the statues of educational, research and facilities in Pf P.E. departments in various branches of Islamic Azad University from the viewpoint of faculty members and department heads. The method used was a descriptive o MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate and compare the statues of educational, research and facilities in Pf P.E. departments in various branches of Islamic Azad University from the viewpoint of faculty members and department heads. The method used was a descriptive one. All the P.E. faculty members and chair departments in AzadUniversity (311) were the statistic population. All of them were selected as the sample. The data were collected through researcher made questionnaires. For data analysis, ANOVA, T-test and descriptive statistics were utilized. The findings showed that: according to P.E. faculty members, the clubs in Islamic Azad University were at a high level, the programs were at an average scale, research activities were at a low level, teaching aids, equipments and sporting facilities were also at a low level. In comparing the viewpoints of P.E. faculty members and department heads on the studied variables, there was a significant difference in relation to accomplishing the programs (p=0.05). But in other cases, there was not any significant difference regarding research activities, clubs, sporting facilities and equipment (p=0.125). The results of this study demonstrated that the status of Pf. P.E. Departments in different branches of Islamic Azad Universities was ranked at different levels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - اعتیاد اینترنتی
عاطفه پوراکبر سیف اله فرزانه ابوالقاسم حیدرآبادی -
Open Access Article
133 - سنجش میزان برخورداری دانشجویان از شاخصهای دینداری و عوامل اجتماعی مؤثر بر آن (مطالعه موردی دانشجویان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران)
محمد رحیمی زهرا حضرتی اقباله عزیزخانیهدف این پژوهش بررسی میزان برخورداری دانشجویان از شاخصهای دینداری و عوامل اجتماعی مؤثر بر آن است. پس از مروری بر پژوهش های داخلی و خارجی و همچنین نظریه های مرتبط با موضوع، یک چارچوب تلفیقی با استفاده از نظریه های ماکس وبر، امیل دورکیم و پیتر برگر و تامس لاکمن تهیه شده ک Moreهدف این پژوهش بررسی میزان برخورداری دانشجویان از شاخصهای دینداری و عوامل اجتماعی مؤثر بر آن است. پس از مروری بر پژوهش های داخلی و خارجی و همچنین نظریه های مرتبط با موضوع، یک چارچوب تلفیقی با استفاده از نظریه های ماکس وبر، امیل دورکیم و پیتر برگر و تامس لاکمن تهیه شده که بر پایه آن یک مدل تجربی شامل تأثیر شش متغیر مستقل بر میزان دینداری دانشجویان دانشگاه آزاد واحد علوم و تحقیقات به دست آمد. این پژوهش به روش پیمایشی انجام شد و با تکنیک پرسشنامه به گردآوری اطلاعات اقدام شد. جامعه آماری پژوهش دانشجویان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران بودند که از بین آنها تعداد 375 نفر با استفاده از فرمول کوکران و به روش نمونهگیری تصادفی طبقهای به عنوان نمونه مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. اطلاعات جمعآوری شده با استفاده از روشهای آمار توصیفی و استنباطی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. یافتههای پژوهش نشانگر این بودند که دینداری دانشجویان در حد متوسط میباشد و میزان دینداری (متغیر وابسته) با متغیرهای جنسیت، پایگاه اقتصادی- اجتماعی، استفاده از رسانههای جدید، نوگرایی و رضایت از زندگی رابطه معنیداری دارد. بین متغیر سن با دینداری هیچ­گونه تفاوت معنیداری مشاهده نشد است. ضمناً ضریب تعیین (63/0) نشان میدهد که 63 درصد واریانس متغیر وابسته از طریق متغیرهای مستقل معادله قابل تبیین است. میزان تأثیرگذاری متغیرهای مستقل نیز به ترتیب عبارت است از: استفاده از رسانههای جدید، پایگاه اقتصادی- اجتماعی، میزان رضایت از زندگی و نوگرایی. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - بررسی مطالعه جامعه شناختی- فرهنگی عوامل موثر بر جراحی زیبایی زنان ( مطالعه موردی زنان شهرستان نور)
علی اصغر عباسی اسفجیر مصطفی قاسمی -
Open Access Article
135 - The Effect of Public Awareness and Social Cohesion on the Social Participation of Women (Case study: Female Students from Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran)
Ghorbanali Aghaahmady Narges Mollaei Mahnaz Rahmati -
Open Access Article
136 - The Effective Social Factors Influencing on the Attitude of Leisure Time among Female Students in Amol
Manouchehr Pahlavan Fatemeh Barzigar -
Open Access Article
137 - Sociological Explanation of Youth Participation in Tehran
Reza Karimi Alireza Mohseni Tabrizi Mehrdad Navabakhsh -
Open Access Article
138 - Exploring the Factors Affecting the Consumption of Cultural Goods among the Youth of Yasuj
Seyed Ali Hashemianfar Ali Seyfzadeh Parvaneh Bayati MohammadReza Ranjbar Mohammadi -
Open Access Article
139 - A Comparative Study on the Status of Technical Students with Standard Indexes in Educational Components
Morteza Sadati Arash Ghahreman -
Open Access Article
140 - A Study on the Origins of Identification among the High-School Female Students in Khalkhal
Aqbleh Azizkhani Soqra Malekpour -
Open Access Article
141 - A Study on the Effective Factors on the Labor Quality of the Temporary Markets on Holidays from the Customers Viewpoint
Hussein Abolhassan Tanhaie Ali Reza Sanatkhah Shirin Shiri Aminloo -
Open Access Article
142 - A Study on the Body Management and the Social Acceptability(A Case Study among Male and Female Students at Islamic Azad University and Payam Noor of Zanjan
Aliyeh Shekarbaygi Amir Amiri -
Open Access Article
143 - A Sociological Study on the Effect of Propagation among the Consumption of Girls and Women in Northern Azad University
Talieh Khademian Naiyereh Mobaraki Fard -
Open Access Article
144 - Effective Factors Involving in Modernism among the Youth in Shoshtar
Akbar Zareh Shahabadi Masoud Hajizadeh Maymandi Ali Karampour -
Open Access Article
145 - A Study on the Social Factors Influencing Scientific Papers Presentations among PhD Candidates at IAU of Babol
Manouchehr Pahlavan Hoda Rezaei Roshan Seyyedeh Hedyeh Hosseini -
Open Access Article
146 - The Family Background of Inequality in Educational Opportunities (A case Study of female high school students in Ahar
Ali Ghasemi Ardahey Abolghasem Heydarabadi Nayyer Rostami -
Open Access Article
147 - A Study on the Effective Socio-Economic Factors Involving in Social Participation in Nour
Jalal Mahmodi Seyyed Hekmat Hakimpour -
Open Access Article
148 - The Effect of Olibanum Extract with Aerobic Exercise Training on Cognitive Status and Serum BDNF Levels in the Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment
zahra koohestani Mohammad-Ali Kohanpour Craig Duncan sara naeimiIntroduction: The aim of this study was to investigation of the effect of 12 weeks aerobic training and consumption of olibanum extract on cognitive status and BDNF levels in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Materials and Methods: 32 elderly people who s MoreIntroduction: The aim of this study was to investigation of the effect of 12 weeks aerobic training and consumption of olibanum extract on cognitive status and BDNF levels in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Materials and Methods: 32 elderly people who scored between 21 and 25 in the MMSE questionnaire were purposefully selected and randomly divided into 4 groups: aerobic training, olibanum, aerobic training + olibanum, and placebo (N=8 in each group). Interventions were performed for 12 weeks. Aerobic training consisted of eight minutes of running with an intensity of 75 to 85% of the maximum reserve heart rate in the first session. Both sessions increased running time by one minute until after 12 weeks, the running time reached 26 minutes. Olibanum extract was taken as a capsule at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight per day.Findings: BDNF levels in both training and training + olibanum groups increased significantly compared to the other two groups (P <0.05). Cognitive status also increased significantly in the three groups of intervention compared with the placebo group (P <0.05).Conclusion: It is possible that 12 weeks of aerobic training and olibanum can slow and possibly stop the progression of MCI by improving the cognitive status in the elderly with MCI. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - An Optimal Pattern in Farahzad Problematic Fabric Using Enhanced Resilience Approach
nesa khazaey hossian mojtabazadehkhanghahiNatural disasters around the world have always been a major challenge for sustainable development. As a result, ways to achieve this development through vulnerability reduction models have become necessary. Explaining the relationship between resilience to natural disas MoreNatural disasters around the world have always been a major challenge for sustainable development. As a result, ways to achieve this development through vulnerability reduction models have become necessary. Explaining the relationship between resilience to natural disasters and how social, economic, institutional, and political capacities of societies influence resilience enhancement and recognition of resilience dimensions in society is therefore important to reduce the risk of disasters. The main purpose of this research is to analyze the status of resilience in Farahzad problematic fabric and to present optimal patterns in these fabrics using single sample t-technique and structural equations. The results of the t-test of social, economic, and managerial-institutional resiliency indices showed that seven variables were used to evaluate the social index and also the analysis of collected data showed that people's satisfaction with ability variables, adaptation to turbulence, and participation rates, social bonds with neighbors are above average, and there is acceptable satisfaction. The p –value of the T-test for these six variables is 0.00, since the error is less than the acceptable error rate of the test, which means less than 0.05, the difference can be statistically meaningful. The level of satisfaction observed for these measures is moderately satisfactory to a level that is significant at the 99% of confidence level; however, for the variable of knowledge and awareness of the crisis, the level of satisfaction is moderate and there is a significant dissatisfaction in this regard, and since the observed p-values for all of these indices are less than 0.05, it can be concluded that the observed difference from the respondents’ viewpoint and the average level of community satisfaction were quite significant. Finally, the social resiliency index was 3.50 and the p-value was less than 0.05 (0.000). It shows the satisfaction of the people of the Farahzad neighborhood with the index of social resilience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Impact of Parental Socio-economic Status on High School EFL Learners' Academic Achievement: Parents' involvement and support in focus
DOR: 20.1001.1.23223898.2021.9.36.11.7
hamid Sarkhosh Maryam Sameri Mohammad Hasani -
Open Access Article
151 - Investigating the reflection of Bakhtiari women's social status through clothing in local poetry
Ebrahim Zaheri Abdvand Rohalla karimi Noor -o-dinvandThe purpose of the present study is to examine the social status of Bakhtiari’s women through their clothing in local poems such as love, wedding and mourning poems based on the theoretical principles of reflection and documentary method. The results indicat MoreThe purpose of the present study is to examine the social status of Bakhtiari’s women through their clothing in local poems such as love, wedding and mourning poems based on the theoretical principles of reflection and documentary method. The results indicate that Bakhtiari’s women earn social status in two ways of beautiful clothes and expensive ones. To illustrate the beauty of the clothes, the element of color is noticed. And the costliness of the material and decorations are noticed, too. In romantic poems, the women enjoy respect and finally social status through beautiful colors which are mostly blue, green and red. In wedding poems show the social status of women besides the beauty, the element of wealth is also highlighted through referring to the material and decorations. In mourning poems, the poets are more likely to show the social status of the deceased and her family; so, in describing her clothes, the material, newness and cleanliness of her clothes which show the woman’s personality is noticed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - The Explanation of Effective Factors on Attitudes to Computer among the Student of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
Mostafa Atarodi Mahmood Saeedy RezvaniThis research aimed at examining the relationship among socio-economic status, having personal computer, access to internet, previous participation in computer courses and attitudes towards computer in the students of Ferdowsi university of Mashhad. This research is a d MoreThis research aimed at examining the relationship among socio-economic status, having personal computer, access to internet, previous participation in computer courses and attitudes towards computer in the students of Ferdowsi university of Mashhad. This research is a descriptive one and of a correlation type. The statistical population includes all the students of Ferdowsi university of Mashhad. The sample consists of 180 (116 girls and 65 boys) which were selected though cluster random sampling method. The instrument used was computer attitude scale (CAS). The reliability of the total scale was calculated 0/92 through Alpha Chronbach. To analyze the results, we used pearson’s correlation coefficient, t test for independent groups, and regression at the same time. The results showed a positive correlation between socio-economic status and stress toward computer at the level of (PPP<%5) respectively. The results also showed that there was no significant correlation between male and female student's attitudes toward computer. Finally, the results showed that, two factors, that is, having personal computer and previous participation in computer courses have noticeable influence in student's attitudes towards computer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Changing approach to Turkish foreign policy: From the EU to the Middle East
Ebrahim MerajiTurkey is one of the developing and emerging countries that has been economically and politically successful among the countries of the region.The geographical location of this country in its proximity to Europe and the Middle East, has led to a mutual impact on both re MoreTurkey is one of the developing and emerging countries that has been economically and politically successful among the countries of the region.The geographical location of this country in its proximity to Europe and the Middle East, has led to a mutual impact on both regions.Turkey's growth and development path has been such that it has sought to achieve European political, economic, behavioral and value standards, and has always applied to join the European Union over the years.Today, however,we see that Turkey has chosen a different path and, with less attention to European standards, is trying to present itself as an active player in the Middle East and North Africa. The present Study seeks the reason for this change in Turkey's approach between 2000 and 2020 and tests the hypothesis by descriptive-analytical method that the policy of Turkish leaders is based on the existence of great and influential powers in the European Union,Turkey could have been a second-rate player in Europe at best, but these capabilities of Turkey in the Middle East could make it one of the most important and influential players in the first level of the region, and therefore in a strategic choice,Turkey has chosen the second path. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - Explaining the Impact of Globalization on Status seeking of Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia
Fazel Hassanzadeh amin ravanbod Ghaffar ZareiIn one hand, this research accepts the inevitable developments in international environment due to globalization and on the other hand, recognizing the state as the most important international actor, tries to explain one of the most influential state’s acts in th MoreIn one hand, this research accepts the inevitable developments in international environment due to globalization and on the other hand, recognizing the state as the most important international actor, tries to explain one of the most influential state’s acts in the globalized space. The purpose of this research is to explain the impact of globalization on dynamics of status seeking of Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia. This research is done with descriptive-analytical method. Findings of this research show that in lack of collective security system in the Middle East, the strategy of social competition is an attractive option for Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia. The competitive relations among states in the Middle East have been an obstacle toward creating inclusive institutions and common concept of security. Consequently, the strategy of social mobility has not been a functional one in the region. Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia in order to utilize the strategy of social creativity should demonstrate more compliance with global values and norms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - Studying the Effective Factors on the Formation of Social- Cultural Identity (Case Study of High School Students in Javanrood City)
Ali Mohseni Adel JavanmardiIdentity subject is one of the most important questions which, is, in addition to its numerous features, affected by social, cultural, political and technological developments. The scholars have looked at identity from several aspects. The diverse social and cultural re MoreIdentity subject is one of the most important questions which, is, in addition to its numerous features, affected by social, cultural, political and technological developments. The scholars have looked at identity from several aspects. The diverse social and cultural reasons and backgrounds among the youths have multiplied the need for an academic research on the subject. This research has casted light on the effective factors on the formation of identity among the high school students in Javanrood city. Methodology: This is a survey research, all the data have been collected by questionnaires. The statistical society of this research is all high school students of Javanrood city in 2010-201 academic year. The sampling method is a heterogeneous class one, and, based on Cochran formula numbers of samples have been defined 358 persons. Findings: Testing the research hypotheses shows that there is a positive correlation, with weak (0/11) and significant intensity, between the level of parents literacy and formation of social cultural identity. There are also positive correlations between level of participation in peer groups with formation of social cultural identity (positive correlation with average intensity 0.37), between parents’ social-economic status with formation of social cultural identity (correlation of 0.21), between the mass media usage and formation of social cultural identity with average correlation of (0.21). All these relations are meaningful and significant. The regression analysis shows that 37 percent of these changes in dependant variables have been defined by the surveyed independent variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - کنش گفتاری تبریک گفتن در فرهنگ های مختلف: جنبه های موقعیتی تبریک گفتن در زبا نهای انگلیسی، فارسی و عربی
حسین وحید دستجردی نجمه نصریتحقیق حاضر بر آن است تا تفاوت های زبانی تبریک گفتن را بر اساس ج نبه های موقعیتی متفاوت در فرهنگ های گوناگون بررسی نماید . برای این منظور از 48 نفر ا مریکایی انگلیسی زبان خواسته شد آ زمون که حاوی 10 موقعیت بیانی تبریک گفتن است را تکمیل کنند . نسخه ترجمه شده این (DTC) تکم Moreتحقیق حاضر بر آن است تا تفاوت های زبانی تبریک گفتن را بر اساس ج نبه های موقعیتی متفاوت در فرهنگ های گوناگون بررسی نماید . برای این منظور از 48 نفر ا مریکایی انگلیسی زبان خواسته شد آ زمون که حاوی 10 موقعیت بیانی تبریک گفتن است را تکمیل کنند . نسخه ترجمه شده این (DTC) تکمیل گفتارآزمون در اختیار 50 نفر فارس ی زبان و 44 نفر عرب زبان سوری قرار داده شد . داده های به دست آمده از شرکت کنندگان به منظور تعیین راهکارهای موجود و فراوان مربوط به هر گروه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. به علاوه محتوای فرمول های معنایی همراه با تغییرات مرتبط با ش أن و مرتبه اجتماعی مخاطبان ارزیابی شد. نتایج حاصله حاکی از وجود تعداد قابل ملاحظه ای تفاوت و تشابه بین سه گروه مورد مطالعه بود. این تحقیق دستاوردهای کاربردی مهمی برای محققین و مدرسین زبان به همراه دارد که در بخش مربوط ذکر شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - Social Factors Related to Citizenship Education (Case Study: Education Teachers in Tabriz District 3)
mahmoud elmiCitizenship education is aimed at enhancing the abilities and skills of citizens. In this study, the social factors related to citizenship education of education teachers in the third district of Tabriz in 1399 have been addressed. The statistical population was male an MoreCitizenship education is aimed at enhancing the abilities and skills of citizens. In this study, the social factors related to citizenship education of education teachers in the third district of Tabriz in 1399 have been addressed. The statistical population was male and female teachers working in education in Tabriz District 3, the statistical sample was 286 male and female teachers in District 3 of Tabriz Education and the data collection tool was a questionnaire. Findings showed that the level of citizenship education of male and female teachers is not significantly different (Sig: 0.937). There was a significant relationship between citizenship education and social trust and religiosity (Sig: 0.037). Citizenship education was significantly different based on field of study, social and economic status (Sig: 0.001). Teachers belonging to the social and economic base had a higher score in citizenship education than teachers belonging to the middle and lower social and economic base. Among the fields of study, psychology teachers had the highest score of citizenship education and teachers of Islamic education had the lowest score (Sig 0.000). Knowing the teachers' views on citizenship education is very effective in education planning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - Studying the Effects of Social and Economic Factors of Citizens on Urban Metabolism Model with an emphasis on the environmental justice approach
sareh ghorbani Esmaeil Salehi Shahrzad Faryadi hamidreza jafariThis research aimed to investigate the relationship between Socioeconomic Status of Citizens with some urban metabolism Variable with an emphasis on the environmental justice approach. Socioeconomic status index consisted of the average price per square meter of land, P MoreThis research aimed to investigate the relationship between Socioeconomic Status of Citizens with some urban metabolism Variable with an emphasis on the environmental justice approach. Socioeconomic status index consisted of the average price per square meter of land, Per capita housing, land ownership, housing value, Percentage of employers، Percentage of managers، higher education attainment and illiteracy. Urban metabolism included items such as energy consumption, and waste and sewage production. Simple linear regression analysis was utilized. The findings demonstrated that, of the various urban metabolism indicators, only gas consumption has a significant relationship with social and economic status of the people. Other indicators such as water consumption, electricity, waste and sewage productions did not have any Statistically Significant Relationship with consumption and socioeconomic status. Finally, this study presents an environmental justice and urban metabolism model conceptual framework by combining three aspects of environmental justice approach in order to make an effective urban metabolism model and improve urban management methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - Social factors related to citizenship education (case of study: District 3 of Tabriz high school teachers)
Bahman Mirgeloee Bayat, Mahmood ElmiCitizenship education aims to enhance residents’ abilities and skills. This article provides a sociological analysis of factors related to citizenship education among Tabriz high school teachers who worked in District 3 in the year of 1399. Research population con MoreCitizenship education aims to enhance residents’ abilities and skills. This article provides a sociological analysis of factors related to citizenship education among Tabriz high school teachers who worked in District 3 in the year of 1399. Research population consisted of all male and female high school teachers of district 3 in Tabriz of whom 286 individuals were selected as the sample. A questionnaire was used to collect the data. The results showed no differences among male and female teachers with regards to citizenship education (sig.= 0.937) but there was a significant relationship between citizenship education and social trust and religiosity (sig. = 0.037) and also between citizenship education and education discipline and socioeconomic status (sig. = 0.001). Teachers with higher levels of socioeconomic status obtained higher points in citizenship education and teachers in the field of psychology obtained higher points in citizenship education than those in the field of Islamic knowledge. Knowledge of the views of teachers regarding citizenship education is very important in educational planning and programming. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - A new analysis in the classification of characters in the story of Goshtasp Based on "Indicator – Status" Model of Rahim Khani Samani
Shokooh Forjanizadeh Mahboobeh Khorasani Morteza RashidiCharacters are the most important components of a story. And proper knowledge of characters is a way of improving the effect of a story on the audience. Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh, Book of Kings, is the greatest Persian epic poem, giving detailed accounts of events and MoreCharacters are the most important components of a story. And proper knowledge of characters is a way of improving the effect of a story on the audience. Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh, Book of Kings, is the greatest Persian epic poem, giving detailed accounts of events and characters with unlimited time and space settings, and the different characters have various human interactions and different individual characteristics. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the characters of Goshtasp story by using the “Setting-Factor” model, regardless of the narrative techniques and storytelling structure of Ferdowsi. The results revealed the effectiveness of the the “Setting- Factor” model on the one hand, and introduced a new approach to the study of the characters of Shahnameh given the factors such as name, environment, sex, class, belief, temperament, and fate, and different settings on the other hand. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - The Comparison Effect of Liquid Feeds and Sources of Dietary Selenium on Performance, Blood Metabolites and Anti-Oxidant Status of Holstein Neonatal Female Calves
S. Heidari Jahan Abadi A.M. Tahmasbi A.A. Naserian -
Open Access Article
162 - Toxic Impact of Sub-Chronic Oral Exposure of Cyfluthrin on Antioxidant Status in Buffalo Calves
R. Kaur S. Ahsan-UI-Haq B. Ranjan S. Rampal -
Open Access Article
163 - The Effect of Partial Replacing Solvent Soybean Meal with Poultry Blood Meal on Performance and Metabolic Status of Fresh Holstein Dairy Cows
I. Rahnama T. Amirabadi Farahani S. Karimi-Dehkordi -
Open Access Article
164 - Effects of Bovine Bile and Savory Essential Oil Supplemented Diets on Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Parameters and Antioxidant Status of Broiler Chickens
S. Farajollahzadeh A.R. Safamehr A. Nobakht Y. Mehmannavaz -
Open Access Article
165 - اثرات سطوح مختلف پودر و اسانس مرزه بر عملکرد و وضعیت آنتی اکسیدانی در جوجههای گوشتی تحت تنش حرارتی
S. Montazeri M. Jafari S. Khojastehاین تحقیق جهت ارزیابی اثر سطوح مختلف پودر و اسانس مرزه بر عملکرد و وضعیت آنتیاکسیدانی جوجههای گوشتی تحت تنش حرارتی (2±34 سانتیگراد برای 8 ساعت در روز) انجام گرفت. برای این آزمایش، تعداد 336 قطعه جوجه یکروزه نر سویه راس 308 به طور تصادفی به 6 تیمار با 4 تکرار ( Moreاین تحقیق جهت ارزیابی اثر سطوح مختلف پودر و اسانس مرزه بر عملکرد و وضعیت آنتیاکسیدانی جوجههای گوشتی تحت تنش حرارتی (2±34 سانتیگراد برای 8 ساعت در روز) انجام گرفت. برای این آزمایش، تعداد 336 قطعه جوجه یکروزه نر سویه راس 308 به طور تصادفی به 6 تیمار با 4 تکرار (در هر تکرار 14 قطعه) اختصاص یافت. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل جیره پایه بدون افزودنی به عنوان شاهد، جیره حاوی 200 قسمت در میلیون (ppm) ویتامین E به عنوان شاهد مثبت، جیره حاوی 1 درصد پودر مرزه، جیره حاوی 2 درصد پودر مرزه، جیره حاوی 100 قسمت در میلیون اسانس مرزه و جیره حاوی 200 قسمت در میلیون اسانس مرزه بودند. نتایج نشان داد که وزن بدن، افزایش وزن، مصرف خوراک و ضریب تبدیل تحت تأثیر تیمارها قرار نگرفت (05/0P>). تمامی تیمارها به استثنای تیمار 1 درصد پودر مرزه باعث کاهش معنیدار مالوندیآلدهید و افزایش فعالیت آنزیم سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز کبد شدند (05/0>P). تفاوت معنیداری بین تیمارها از نظر فعالیت گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز کبد مشاهده نگردید. نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که استفاده از پودر و اسانس مرزه موجب بهبود معنیدار وضعیت آنتیاکسیدانی در جوجههای گوشتی تحت تنش حرارتی شده و میتواند جایگزین آنتیاکسیدانهای مصنوعی در شرایط تنش گرمایی در جیره گردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - اثر مکمل جیرهای آسپرژیلوس زایلاناز روی عملکرد جوجههای گوشتی
سی.ای. اُییگو وی. ملامبو وی. موچنج یو. ماروماثر مکمل آسپرژیلوس زایلاناز (ASXYL) در جیرههای غذایی ذرت سویا روی آسپارتات آمینوترانسفراز سرم، آلانین آمینوترانسفراز سرم، تست میکوبی، صفات رشد، خصوصیات لاشه و صفات کیفیت گوشت جوجههای گوشتی بررسی شد. 300 جوجه گوشتی یکروزه جنس مختلط Cobb 500 به 5 جیره غذایی با 5 تکرار Moreاثر مکمل آسپرژیلوس زایلاناز (ASXYL) در جیرههای غذایی ذرت سویا روی آسپارتات آمینوترانسفراز سرم، آلانین آمینوترانسفراز سرم، تست میکوبی، صفات رشد، خصوصیات لاشه و صفات کیفیت گوشت جوجههای گوشتی بررسی شد. 300 جوجه گوشتی یکروزه جنس مختلط Cobb 500 به 5 جیره غذایی با 5 تکرار هرکدام 12 پرنده اختصاص یافت. تیمارها شامل، ASXYL0 (0 g/kg)، ASXYL10 (1 g/kg)، ASXYL15 (1.5g/kg)، ASXYL20 (2g/kg) و ASXYL25 (2.5 g/kg) بودند. پرندههای تغذیه شده با ASXYL20 بیشترین وزن بدن (05/0P<) با ضریب تبدیل بهبود یافته (FCR) و مقادیر بالاتری برای ران، سینه، بال و عملکرد لاشه داشتند. وزن گردن برای پرندگان تغذیه شده با ASXYL0، ASXYL15 و ASXYL20 بالا بود (05/0P<). مقدار ران مرغ رکورد برداری شده بالاتر (05/0P<) برای پرندگان تغذیه شده با ASXYL20 اگرچه، مشابه با ASXYL10، ASXYL15 و ASXYL25. از دست دادن آب میان بافتی و کیفیت پخت و پز با افزایش سطوح مکمل ASXY کاهش داشت (05/0P<) اگرچه نیروی برشی همراه با افزایش مکمل ASXYL افزایش داشت. اوره، آسپارتات آمینوترانسفراز و آلانین ترانسفراز با افزایش سطوح مکمل ASXYL کاهش داشت اگرچه سطح گلوکز با افزایش سطوح مکمل ASXYL افزایش داشت. مکمل ASXYL تکثر شمار لاکتوباسیلوسها در ایلئوم و سکوم را تحت تأثیر قرار داد اگرچه هیچ تفاوتی (05/0<P) روی جمعیت بیفیدوباکتریا و اشرشیاکلی هم در ایلئوم هم در سکوم جوجههای گوشتی در پایان آزمایش تغذیهای مشاهده نشد. نتیجه گرفته شده که جیره ASXYL20 وزن بدن بهبود یافته بیشتر و مقادیر برشی جزئی تولید میکند. بهعلاوه، نشانگرهای زیستی نشان دادند که ASXYL وضعیت سلامتی جوجههای گوشتی را بهبود داده و آنزیم آزمون شده بر محیط روده تأثیر مثبت گذاشت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - Enhancement of salt tolerance in black bean variety (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by silicon nutrition
Fatemeh Heidarian Parto Roshandel -
Open Access Article
168 - Fatty Acid Composition of Canola Cultivars Affected by Different Sowing Dates
Taraneh Samarzadeh Vazhdehfar Farzad Paknejad Amir Hossein Shirani Rad Saeed Vazan &lrm;Mostafa&lrm; Oveisi&lrm; -
Open Access Article
169 - Investigating the environmental status of urban tourism using ecological footprint method (case study: Rasht city)
Tayebeh Ghaemi rad Hossein Hataminejad keramatollah ziari Ahmad PourahmadCities have always been regarded as a tourism destination for having natural, cultural, and human _made attractions. Tourism, like any other activity, does have many consequences on the ecological environment of cities. The city of Rasht attracts many tourists every yea MoreCities have always been regarded as a tourism destination for having natural, cultural, and human _made attractions. Tourism, like any other activity, does have many consequences on the ecological environment of cities. The city of Rasht attracts many tourists every year due to its central location and for having natural, cultural, and man-made attractions. The aim of current study is to investigate the environmental status of tourism on the ecological environment of Rasht. This research also intends to respond this question if this space capable of meeting the current needs of urban tourism? The research is based on the descriptive-analytical method and using ecological foot print model. The statistical population of the study consisted of the number of tourists in Rahst city. Therefore, 384 questionnaires were distributed among the tourists according to the Cochran model through two regular and random sampling methods. Eventually, the ecological footprint of tourism was calculated to be 908224 hectares. Considering the area of 13600 hectares of Rasht, the incoming pressure on the city’s environment can be observed clearly. Thus, planning to the persevere ecosystem of the city along with the attention to the tourism is a vital issue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - اثر تیمار طول شاخه بریده بر عمر گلجایی و روابط آبی گل رز رقم ’بینگو وایت‘
رحیم نقشی بند حسنی سمیه یوسفی داود زارع حقییکی از فاکتورهای مهم در کنترل کیفیت محصولات گل­های تازه، طول شاخه است که تعیین کننده مهم عملکرد شاخه بریده بوده و درجه­بندی و بازاررسانی بسیاری از گل­های شاخه بریده مانند رز بر اساس طول شاخه است. هدف این مطالعه بررسی تیمار طول­های مختلف شاخه بریده Moreیکی از فاکتورهای مهم در کنترل کیفیت محصولات گل­های تازه، طول شاخه است که تعیین کننده مهم عملکرد شاخه بریده بوده و درجه­بندی و بازاررسانی بسیاری از گل­های شاخه بریده مانند رز بر اساس طول شاخه است. هدف این مطالعه بررسی تیمار طول­های مختلف شاخه بریده و محلول ساکارز بر عمر گل­جایی و تعادل آبی گل رز رقم ’بینگو وایت‘ بود. این آزمایش به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی با چهار سطح مختلف طول شاخه (25، 35، 45 و 55 سانتی­متر) و دو سطح ساکارز (صفر و دو درصد) همراه با هیپوکلریت سدیم با غلظت 50 میلی­گرم در لیتر در سه تکرار، در دمای 2± 23 درجه­سانتی­گراد و رطوبت نسبی 5 ± 65 درصد و شدت نور 12 میکرومول برمترمربع در ثانیه (لامپ­های فلورسنت سفید خنک) با 12 ساعت روشنایی تا پایان عمر گلجایی انجام شد. در این آزمایش پارامترهای کیفی و کمی مختلفی از قبیل: عمرگلجایی، پتانسیل آب برگ و گل، نشت یونی برگ و گلبرگ، پایداری غشا سلول­های برگ و گلبرگ و هدایت روزنه­ای برگ مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که، بیشترین عمر گلجایی (17 روز) در کمترین تیمار طول شاخه (25 سانتی­متر) در محلول گلجایی حاوی ساکارز دو درصد و کمترین عمر گلجایی (10 روز) در بزرگترین طول شاخه (55 سانتی­متر) به­طور معنی­داری (01/0P <) مشاهده شد. کمترین میزان نشت یونی برگ و گلبرگ به­طور معنی­داری (05/0P <) در کوتاه­ترین طول شاخه (25 سانتی­متر) مشاهده شد، اگرچه تفاوت معنی­داری بین سایر سطوح طول شاخه شامل 35 و 45 سانتی­متر با سطح 25 سانتی­متر وجود نداشت. کمترین میزان شاخص پایداری غشا سلولی به شکل معنی­داری (05/0P <) در بیشترین طول شاخه (55 سانتی متر) در مقایسه با سایر طول های شاخه بود. بیشترین میزان پتانسیل آب برگ و گل به­صورت معنی داری (01/0P <) در تیمار 35 سانتی­متر طول شاخه در مقایسه با سایر طول­ها مشاهده گردید. هدایت روزنه­ای برگ در طول زمان کاهش یافت و تحت تاثیر تیمار طول شاخه به شکل معنی­داری قرار نگرفت. کمترین میزان پایداری غشا برگ و گلبرگ در طول ساقه 55 سانتی­متر مشاهده شد و بین سایر طول­ها اختلاف معنی­داری وجود نداشت. هدایت روزنه­ای در طول زمان کاهش یافت و تحت تأثیر تیمارها قرار نگرفت. به­طور کلی نتایج ما نشان داد که، تیمار طول­ کوتاه­تر شاخه (25 سانتی­متر) و محلول ساکارز 2 درصد نه تنها بیشترین تأثیر را بر افزایش عمرگلجایی داشت بلکه باعث بهتر شدن وضعیت آبی، کاهش نشت یونی و افزایش پایداری غشا سلولی گلبرگ شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - Livelihood assessment of the fish farmers converted from agricultural farming in selected areas of Mymensingh district, Bangladesh
Md. Rahman Md. Asaduzzaman Shahali Mitul Md. Islam Limon Deb -
Open Access Article
172 - Measuring Socioeconomic Status of Rural Households in Edo State, Nigeria: An Asset-Based Approach
Eddy Onemolease A.O Akioya -
Open Access Article
173 - Women’s Access to Nutritional Programmes in Rural Bangladesh: A Comparative Study between World Vision Beneficiaries and Non-Beneficiaries
Mohammed Uddin Nusrat Liza Mohammed Sarker M Zannatun Mukta Md Rana -
Open Access Article
174 - A Comparative Study on Educational Attainment of Migrant and Non-Migrant Households in Rural Areas of Tangail District in Bangladesh
Fahana Tiza Kazi Farid Lavlu Mozumdar -
Open Access Article
175 - The Role of Livestock Cooperatives in Improving Economic Status of Animal Raisers: A Case Study on Cattle Breeders, Hamedan, Iran
Samira Jeyhooni Mohammad Karim Motamed Reza Movahedi Hadi Fathi -
Open Access Article
176 - The Relationship between Social Capital and Performance of Agricultural Extension Experts
Maryam Alizadeh -
Open Access Article
177 - The investigation of relationship between Economic - social Status and identity styles and cultural behavior in staff of Health Department of Bojnourd Medical University
narges rezaeiyan behrang esmaeili shadThe purpose of this research is studying of relation between Economic- social Status and identity styles and cultural behavior based on the theory Bourdieu. This study includes practical purpose and the terms of this research is Descriptive-Surveying of correlational me MoreThe purpose of this research is studying of relation between Economic- social Status and identity styles and cultural behavior based on the theory Bourdieu. This study includes practical purpose and the terms of this research is Descriptive-Surveying of correlational method. The study sample of this study included 50 employees Due to the small size of the study population, whole community were selected The datas of this study has been collected by three standard questionnaires bourdieu cultural behavior questionnaire (2011), Berzonsky identity styles questionnaire (1992) &Aghazadeh social -Economic Status questionnaire (1998). In which they have face and content validity; their reliability coefficients by using Cronbach’s Alpha test are equal to 0.83, 0.91 and 0.80,respectively Gathering data are analyzed by using of the test descriptive statistics frequency distribution, mean and Independent t test Inferential statistics methods and Structural equation modeling test using of SPSS 18 and AMOS software. The result of showed there is a meaning ful relation between identity styles and cultural behavior whit(p-value=0/042)and Economic - social Status and cultural behavior whit(p-value=0/023) and Economic - social Status and identity styles whit(p-value=0/001) among staff of Health Department Medical University Bojnourd. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - The Sociological Study of the Relationship between Social happiness and Life Expectancy Among Citizens of Guivi City in 2017
Mohammad Rahimi layla RostamiThis research was conducted with the aim to sociologically study the relationship between social happiness and the level of life expectancy among citizens of Kivi. What is important in this research, is to give importance to life expectancy and its indexes. The theoreti MoreThis research was conducted with the aim to sociologically study the relationship between social happiness and the level of life expectancy among citizens of Kivi. What is important in this research, is to give importance to life expectancy and its indexes. The theoretical framework and analytical pattern were represented using the theories of such theoricians as Kent, Zimel, Morton, and Parsons. This research was conducted using survey method, and questionnaire having face validity and structural validity. Its reliability was 93% (Cronbach Alpha). Its statistic universe consisted of 7500 individuals of Kivi citizens from among which 365 individuals were selected using Cookran's formula employing random, cluster sampling proportionate to the size as the research sample. Two descriptive and perceptive techniques were used along with SPSS software in order to analyze data. After setting matrix table, data were set into one- dimensional and two- dimensional tables. Research results indicated that the life expectancy is average (3.67) in residents in Kivi, and there is a meaningful relationship between social happiness and life expectancy and its dimensions the results obtained from regression showed that independent variables, explain totally 0.46 percent of changes in the dependent variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Study of social and cultural factors related to the tendency of female students to critical thinking with emphasis on cultural capital
jamileh Fehresti Mansour HaghighatianThis research was conducted with the aim of investigating the tendency of students of female students of Farhangian University in the city of Bondar Abbas to critical thinking with an emphasis on cultural capital. The dependent variable is the tendency to critical think MoreThis research was conducted with the aim of investigating the tendency of students of female students of Farhangian University in the city of Bondar Abbas to critical thinking with an emphasis on cultural capital. The dependent variable is the tendency to critical thinking and independent variables, age, field of study, years of university education, socio-economic base, trust in the content of social networks and cultural capital. The statistical population of this study is all female students of the University of Cultural Sciences in Bandar Abbas who were studying at the center of Fatemeh Al-Zahra campus in Bandar Abbas. 405 students of the sample of 120 people were selected and tested according to Morgan's table. The instrument for measuring the Critical Thinking Questionnaire (2003) and the Bourdieu Cultural Capital Questionnaire. The results of statistical analysis by using the SPSS software showed that students scored a moderate score from the tendency toward critical thinking. The research hypotheses were measured using Eta and Pearson correlation coefficients. Based on the results of the research, there is a weak correlation between the variables, age, years of university education and the tendency to think critically. Also, the results of regression analysis showed that independent variables such as age, socioeconomic status, predictive basis of critical thinking were not studied in the studied population. Among the independent variables of the variables of cultural capital and objective capital as one of the components of cultural capital, a positive predictor of critical thinking was the tendency toward critical thinking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - A Consideration of Rural Class Structure in Fars Province after 1979 Revolution
عبدالعلی لهسایی زاده ماندانا کریمی ریحانه شاه ولیThe aim of present paper is to consider rural class structure of Fars province after 1979 revolution. For this purpose 25 Village in Fars province were selected and by survey and field works have been considered. Objective indexes were used to consider social classes. T MoreThe aim of present paper is to consider rural class structure of Fars province after 1979 revolution. For this purpose 25 Village in Fars province were selected and by survey and field works have been considered. Objective indexes were used to consider social classes. The findings show that in Iran rural independent producers, rural workers and land lords are important. Traditional classes are still existed and rural capitalists are so limited. The multi- status is dominated in all Villages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - Factors affecting of religion (A case study of married women living in Gorgan)
غلامرضا خوش فر محبوبه ایلواریThe present study was conducted to identify the affecting factors on religiusity. Since religion influences family relationships and with respect to the fact that one of the main goals of society, at present, is to strengthen the religious values in families. In this re MoreThe present study was conducted to identify the affecting factors on religiusity. Since religion influences family relationships and with respect to the fact that one of the main goals of society, at present, is to strengthen the religious values in families. In this research, descriptive survey method has been used. The population included 144406 married women who live in the city of Gorgan. The sample size consisted of 360 married women who were determined by using Cochran formula. Multi-stage random sampling method was used for the study. For the first selection, 36 randomly selected neighborhoods were chosen, then in every process, in proportion to the number of settled households and using systematic random sampling, 10 married women were selected and studied the questionnaires of Lock Wallace religiosity was the tool of measurement in this study. To analyze the results, pearson correlationand path analysis were used in addition to the methods of descriptive statistics. The results showed that there is not a significant relationship between social trust, media consumption and religiusity.Whilethere is a significant relationship between age, education, duration of marriage, total children, socio-economic status andreligiosity. The results of path analysis indicated that the highest total greatly affectsmarried women̓s religiosity.Also in the present study women̓s religious differ significantly depending on whether they were born in cities or villages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - A study about the Relationship between Family social status and Level of motion development in Children 3-4 Isfahan city
مجتبی شاهنوشی نعیمه قاسمیChanges and improvements in motion behavior are as a result of the interaction of genetic and environmental factors occur. The family as an environmental factor to determining a child's race and ethnicity can choice the educational practices and lifestyles of different MoreChanges and improvements in motion behavior are as a result of the interaction of genetic and environmental factors occur. The family as an environmental factor to determining a child's race and ethnicity can choice the educational practices and lifestyles of different conditions for children's motion development. This study has attempted to examine the relationship between social status of family and children's success in implementing their coarse and fine skills. To achieve the goal, we selected 245 samples of Isfahan city children between 3-4 years old by using combinations of clusters - systematically sampling. Students were asked necessary information by examining the development of coarse and fine motion skills of Denver 2 test and we gathered parent data by another questionnaire The results showed a relationship between social status of family and the successful of children's motion skills. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - The Study of Hope towards the Future and its Relation with Religiosity and Socio-economic status among 18 Years and Older Residents of Yasouj City
میلاد رِئیسیزاده اصغر میرفردی آرمان حیدریThe foresight is one of important issues for social scientists. This study aimed to investigate the hope towards the future and its relation with religiosity and socio-economic status among18 years and older residents of Yasouj city. Using survey method, 18 years and ol MoreThe foresight is one of important issues for social scientists. This study aimed to investigate the hope towards the future and its relation with religiosity and socio-economic status among18 years and older residents of Yasouj city. Using survey method, 18 years and older residents of Yasouj was statistical society, from which based on Lin sampling method, 400 cases were determined as sample size and selected by classified random sampling method. The data were collected via a combined other administered and self-administered questionnaire. The validity and reliability of questionnaire were evaluated via face validity and Cronbach-Alpha, respectively. The dependent variable of this study was the hope towards the future and the independent variables were religiosity degree, social-economic status, family economic facilities, marital situation and gender. The results showed that the dependent variable has direct significant relationship with social-economic status, family economic facilities, and the religiosity degree. There was significant difference between the men and women's hope towards the future, but there was not significant difference between the married and single's hope towards the future. The multiple regression showed that some independent variables could explain 28.9 percentages of dependent variable variance. As a result, this study showed that the religiosity is the most important for maintaining and improving the hopeness in mentioned society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - ویژگی های گروه های پویا و وضعیت اقتصادی اجتماعی تولیدکنندگان کاکائو در ایالت اگون نیجریه
Olaoluwa Ayodeji Adebayo -
Open Access Article
185 - The Relationship between Psychological Empowerment Dimensions with Organizational Commitment
mamadamin sayadi mitra mohammadi morteza soufi rezayi MORTEZA FATAHPOURToday, competitive environment of Organizations and the lack of opportunity to manage of staff, forced the administrators to empowerment process of staff by using of the organizational commitment, skills training, knowledge and ability. Purpose of this study is the rela MoreToday, competitive environment of Organizations and the lack of opportunity to manage of staff, forced the administrators to empowerment process of staff by using of the organizational commitment, skills training, knowledge and ability. Purpose of this study is the relationship between Organizational commitment and employee empowerment. Research method is descriptive and correlation. The population statistical of this study according to information of the human resources department, is consisted of all official, contractual and contract employees of Youth and Sports employees’ Ministry in Ilam city who are 75 people. Research tools used in this study, were Shert and Reinhardt Empowerment questionnaire (1992), with a reliability of 0/86 and the second questionnaire, were Allen and Mayer Organizational commitment with 0.75 reliability (1991). Data were analyzed by one sample T. Test, Pearson correlation and stepwise regression analysis. The results showed that the three dimensions of empowerment (professional growth, status and decision-making) with Organizational commitment have a meaningful relationship. These three empowerment dimensions were significant predictors for organizational commitment. In addition, the level of employee empowerment is higher of the average level and organizational commitment employee’s level is lower than the average level. The results showed that with increase of the empowerment factors (professional growth, status and decision-making) are also increased levels of organizational commitment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - A Comparative Study of Public Libraries of Kurdestan Province with IFLA Standards
Safura Mirkay Ali Akbar Famil Rohani Famil Rohani Mozafar Cheshme SohrabiPurpose: It is a comparative investigation of Kurdistan public libraries with IFLA standards. The findings of this paper can assist library officials and managers to identify information and knowledge demands of public library users. It can also provide resources throug MorePurpose: It is a comparative investigation of Kurdistan public libraries with IFLA standards. The findings of this paper can assist library officials and managers to identify information and knowledge demands of public library users. It can also provide resources through identification of public libraries' weak points and shortages that can help libraries' management for future planning. Methodology: A descriptive approach was considered and all the data were collected through questionnaires, observation and telephone interview with library officials. Findings: Results derived from data analysis in this paper indicated failure in different aspects of public libraries of Kurdistan cities such as physical space and building, library complexes and the number of visitors. Public libraries of Kurdistan cities are below the level of IFLA standards in terms of specialized man power. As mentioned earlier, general results of this research showed that public libraries in Kurdistan are below the level of IFLA standards. For that reason we have provided some proposals for improvements of these libraries. Conclusion: Development and promotion of knowledge and mental aptitude of society is the core objective of public libraries as social and cultural institutions. To gain this objectives development of libraries and free of charge services are of high importance. For this cause not only quantitative development is required but qualitative improvement criteria must be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - Iran's Position in Russia's Middle East Policy
Ali Eskandari Jahangir Karami Garineh Keshishyan SirakiThe present study seeks to examine the position of Iran in Russia's Middle East policy. And it seeks to examine the hypothesis that Iran has played a multiple role in the political, military, security, economic, energy, and geographical spheres in the rivalries and rela MoreThe present study seeks to examine the position of Iran in Russia's Middle East policy. And it seeks to examine the hypothesis that Iran has played a multiple role in the political, military, security, economic, energy, and geographical spheres in the rivalries and relations between the two great powers, Russia and the United States, over the past two decades in West Asia. And it strengthens the Tehran-Moscow cooperative attitude in West Asia. To test this hypothesis, descriptive-analytical method and library and documentary sources were used; And the implementation of this research is in the framework of constructivist theory that was used to analyze the variables. And according to the results of the research, the change of power in the past few years and the increase of the power axis of the East versus the West, which can be promising for Iran. Russia, as a permanent member of the Security Council with a veto power as well as significant commonalities with Iran in relation to the United States, is now in an important position in Iran's foreign policy. And Russia, as part of its strategic project, is essential to challenging US sovereignty for Iran. Manuscript profile -
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188 - Analyzing the Mediating Role of Organizational Bullying in the Relationship between Acquiescent Silence and counterproductive work behavior and Defensive Silence with the Moderating Role of Employment Status
وحید میرزایی حسین فرجیOrganizational bullying is one of the deviant behaviors in organizational environments these days. The current study aims at analyzing the relationship between acquiescent silence and deviant anti-productivity behaviors and also defensive silence with the mediating role MoreOrganizational bullying is one of the deviant behaviors in organizational environments these days. The current study aims at analyzing the relationship between acquiescent silence and deviant anti-productivity behaviors and also defensive silence with the mediating role of organizational bullying and the moderating role of employment status. This study is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive from the view of methodology. The statistical society was 137 people of Bojnurd municipal employees who were chosen according to Cochran formula and simple random sampling. Data collecting tools were Leymann work bullying questionnaires (1996), Van Dyne et al. acquiescent silence and defensive silence(2003), and Fox and Spector counterproductive work behavior (1999). To examine the validity of questionnaires we used the content and confirmatory validity and to examine the reliability of the questionnaire we used the Cronbach alpha coefficient that results confirmed the reliability of the questionnaire. The obtained data from the questionnaire were analyzed by SPSS26 and Amos24 software and by using the structural equation with the approach of PLS and hierarchical regression. Findings showed that organizational bullying mediates the relationship between acquiescent silence and anti-productivity behaviors; On the other hand the employment status moderates the effect of acquiescent silence on counterproductive work behavior, and defensive silence. Empirical results showed that acquiescent silence increases the bullying, therefore employees may react by anti-productivity behaviors or defensive silence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - The Investigation of the Relationship between “Status Consumption” and “Social Factors”
Hossein Vazifehdoust Ali Afshari Houshang GoudarziIn this study at first the researchers have examined the status consumption and then they have investigated the relationship between this consumption habit and social factors (considering social comparison information, susceptibility to interpersonal information influ MoreIn this study at first the researchers have examined the status consumption and then they have investigated the relationship between this consumption habit and social factors (considering social comparison information, susceptibility to interpersonal information influence, susceptibility to interpersonal normative influences).This study has done among the students of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Science and Research Branch. The study has also analyzed the findings gathered from 384 samples. To test the hypothesis the researchers have used the spearman correlation coefficient formula and SPSS software. The results of this study show a positive relationship between "attention to social comparison information, susceptibility to interpersonal normative influence" and "status consumption". There is not any relationship between "susceptibility to interpersonal information influence" and” status consumption" is another outcome of this research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - حضور زنان در دو داستان پرندهء من از فریبا وفی و من اورا دوست داشتم از آناگاوالدا
Alireza Salehi Mahdieh Fadaeنویسندگان زن در آثار خود با به کارگیری تکنیک ها و مولفه های فرمی یکسان، اغلب به طرح اندیشه ها و مسائل مربوط به زنان و جایگاه و حضور آنان در زندگی و جامعه می پردازند. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی مسائل مشترک شخصیت اصلی زن در دو داستان «پرندهء من » از فریبا وفی و &laq Moreنویسندگان زن در آثار خود با به کارگیری تکنیک ها و مولفه های فرمی یکسان، اغلب به طرح اندیشه ها و مسائل مربوط به زنان و جایگاه و حضور آنان در زندگی و جامعه می پردازند. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی مسائل مشترک شخصیت اصلی زن در دو داستان «پرندهء من » از فریبا وفی و «من او را دوست داشتم » از آناگاوالدا نویسنده معاصر فرانسوی است. در این پژوهش نگاه هر دو نویسنده به عشق، خانواده و جایگاه زنان در جامعه مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. با توجه به اینکه این دو نویسنده از دو اجتماع متفاوت با فرهنگ و موقعیت جغرافیایی مختلف هستند اما پیام و درون مایه هر دو نویسنده ظلم به زن و تنهایی زنان و بی وفایی مردان است. زنان این داستان ها به دنبال کشف هویت فردی مستقل خود هستند و با وجود وابستگی عاطفی و اقتصادی که به همسران و خانواده خود دارند دچار خلا عاطفی شده و در نتیجه احساس تنهایی و خستگی روانی ناشی از نبود هویت و استقلال وجودشان را فراگرفته است. Manuscript profile -
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191 - Toward the Development of a Model of Political and Socio-Economic Factors Impacting the Motivation of Iranian EFL learners to Learn English
Naser salehi Seyyed Ayatollah Razmjoo -
Open Access Article
192 - بررسی تأثیر مولفه های ایدئولوژیک، اقتصادی و جایگاهی بر ترجمه اخبار سیاسی
Fatemeh Abbaszadeh Masoud Sharififar Mina Zandrahimi -
Open Access Article
193 - On the Development of a Model of Political and Socio-Economic Factors Impacting Iranian EFL Learners’ Motivation to Learn English
Naser salehi Seyyed Ayatollah Razmjoo -
Open Access Article
194 - A Developmental Study of Oppositional Disorder in Social Status Groups
Shole AmiriA developmental study of oppositional disorder on different social status groups was carried out on primary and guidance school children in Isfahan Province. Based on multi-stage sampling procedure, a total of 826 third and fifth-grade primary and second-grade guidance MoreA developmental study of oppositional disorder on different social status groups was carried out on primary and guidance school children in Isfahan Province. Based on multi-stage sampling procedure, a total of 826 third and fifth-grade primary and second-grade guidance school students were initially selected for the purpose. After a sociometric analysis the number of 288. students were assigned to four groups namely: rejected, accepted, neglected and average. Using part A of Ontario Child Health Study Scales (adjusted with DSM-IV), of the DSMIV- oppositional behavior was assessed based on mother ratings. Analysis of data reveal a significant diff-erence between the rejected and other groups. It is therefore concluded that from amongst all, negative social-status children, specially rejected ones with an accompanying behavioral disorder may be considered to be at-risk which raises concern for the issue of prevention in this group of children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - Gender, Age, and Socioeconomic Status Differences in Children’s Religious Beliefs
Razieh Nasirzadeh Masoud H. ChariInterviews and drawings of 122 Iranian children, aged 6 to 11, about religious beliefs and concepts (e.g., God) were examined. The results showed that, children painting God’s image used light more than any other symbol. During free associations, children mentione MoreInterviews and drawings of 122 Iranian children, aged 6 to 11, about religious beliefs and concepts (e.g., God) were examined. The results showed that, children painting God’s image used light more than any other symbol. During free associations, children mentioned God’s benevolence more than other attributes. Girls mostly depicted God in the form of symbols, while boys drew God more human-like. In describing God's deeds, 6 to 7 year olds mentioned the more positive and neutral aspects, 9 to 10 year olds noted God's omnipotence, and 10 to 11 year olds spoke mainly of the negative. Children from low socioeconomic status primarily prayed in times of need and on special occasions. Whereas, those with high socioeconomic status preferred praying in particular places and regularly. Implications in teaching religion and its related concepts are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - The ralationship between socioeconomic status with mental and physical health
Sa-eideh Bazzazian Yadollah Raga-eiThis research examined the relationship between the indicators of socioeconomic status (income, education, and occupation) and mental and physical health. from Zanjan, Iran who worked as university presidents, professors, teachers, administrators, farmers MoreThis research examined the relationship between the indicators of socioeconomic status (income, education, and occupation) and mental and physical health. from Zanjan, Iran who worked as university presidents, professors, teachers, administrators, farmers and a few other employees were administered the Me- the Physical !" #$ ! demo- graphic information questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multivariate analyses and chi square tests. Results showed a significant interaction effect of occupation and income on the psychological distress subscale of mental health. The relations between the level of education and two subscales of mental health (psychological well-being and distress) were significant, but between the level of education and physical health was not significant. Women as compared to men, showed lower levels of psycho- logical well-being and higher levels of psychological distress. But no gender differences were found in physical health. By confirming the relationship between mental health and socioeconomic status, the present research can be helpful in devising preventive policies and programs for promoting public health. Ke Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - Health Related Quality of Life in Adolescents: Mental Health, SocioEconomic Status, Gender, and Age Differences
Amir Nik-Azin Mohhamad Reza Shairi Mohhamad Reza Nainianthe present study was aimed to examine Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) regarding mental health, socio-economic status, gender and age differences in students. Five hundreds and fifty one middle school and high school students (275 females, 276 males) were selecte Morethe present study was aimed to examine Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) regarding mental health, socio-economic status, gender and age differences in students. Five hundreds and fifty one middle school and high school students (275 females, 276 males) were selected using multistage cluster sampling. The participants completed the KIDSCREEN-52 HealthRelated Quality of Life Questionnaire (Raven-Sieberer & et al, 2005), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (Goodman, 1997), and the Socio-economic Status Questionnaire (Garmaroodi & Moradi, 2010). The results indicated that 1) boys scored higher than girls in physical well-being, social support and peers, self-autonomy, psychological well-being, relationships with parents, and family life scales, 2) the middle school students had higher scores than the high school students in all KIDSCREEN scales except for social supports and peers, social acceptance, bullying, and financial resource, and 3) the differences between students with low and high socioeconomic status were significant in physical well-being, relationships with parents and family life, financial resource, and psychological well-being. The results of one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for comparsion of normal, borderline and abnormal groups indicated that normal group scored higher than abnormal group in mood and emotions, social acceptance, bullying, psychological well-being, and self perception. Manuscript profile -
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198 - Anger in mothers of children with special needs
Mohsen Shookohi Yekta Nayyereh Zamani Javad Poor Karimi Akram ParandThe level of anger in mothers of mentally retarded and slow learning children was compared based on their level of education and employment status. 100 mothers of slow learners and trainable mentally retarded children completed the Multidimensional Anger Inventory (Sieg MoreThe level of anger in mothers of mentally retarded and slow learning children was compared based on their level of education and employment status. 100 mothers of slow learners and trainable mentally retarded children completed the Multidimensional Anger Inventory (Siegel, 1986) included anger arousal, anger eliciting situations, hostile outlook, anger-out, and anger-in subscales and a demographic information questionnaire. Results of a two-way ANOVA showed that academic educated mothers experienced lower levels of anger arousal and anger-in than nonacademic educated ones. Manuscript profile -
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199 - Identity status and drug abuse in university students
S. Abdolvahab Samavi M. HosseinchariThe present study aimed to predict drug abuse on the basis of identity status. 160 male students of Iran Islamic Azad University, branch of Bandar Abbas completed the Persian version of Alcohol and Drug Abuse Survey Questionnaire (Oetting & Beauvaise, 1987) and the MoreThe present study aimed to predict drug abuse on the basis of identity status. 160 male students of Iran Islamic Azad University, branch of Bandar Abbas completed the Persian version of Alcohol and Drug Abuse Survey Questionnaire (Oetting & Beauvaise, 1987) and the Revised Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status (Bennion & Adams, 1986) included foreclosed, diffused, achieved and moratorium identities. Multiple regression analyses indicated that the foreclosed and diffused identities were positive predictors of drug abuse. However, the achieved and moratorium identities did not predict drug abuse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - The relationship between religious attitude and social adjustment in university students
Mojtaba TamadoniThis study examined gender and marital status differences in religious attitudes and social adjustment. University, Tehran South Branch, completed the Religious Attitude Scale and the Bell Social Adjustment Scale. The result MoreThis study examined gender and marital status differences in religious attitudes and social adjustment. University, Tehran South Branch, completed the Religious Attitude Scale and the Bell Social Adjustment Scale. The results showed that the females’ religious attitude was stronger than males’ attitudes. Also religious attitudes and social adjustment of females were negatively correlated. There was no significant relationship between men’s religious attitudes and their social adjustment. The results of a regression analysis showed that the social adjustment could not be predicted by religious attitude and gender. The differrences between married and single participants regarding religious attitude and social adjustment were not significant. Key wo Manuscript profile -
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201 - Assessment of Gahar Lake Trophic Status using TLI Index
M. Ghiyas Abadi R. Mousavi Nadushan M.R. Fatemi A. JoziGahar Lake is an unique high-mountain lake, "Paternoster" form with glacial origin. There isn’t any research on the ecology of the lake, so in order to assess trophic status of small and great Gahar lake for the first time using TLI, the present study was conducte MoreGahar Lake is an unique high-mountain lake, "Paternoster" form with glacial origin. There isn’t any research on the ecology of the lake, so in order to assess trophic status of small and great Gahar lake for the first time using TLI, the present study was conducted during a period of 1 year (except 3 months of ice period) from May 1389 to May 1390. Trophical parameters, Secchi depth (SD, transparency), chlorophyll a concentration and nutrients including Total Nitrates (TN) and Total Phosphorus (TP) was sampled monthly and zooplankton assemblage was measured. For statistical analysis of data in this study, we used the SPSS and Excel softwares. Based on the study of small Gahar lake, mean concentration of chlorophyll was 2.96µg.l-1, TN 801µg.l-1 and TP 25.3µg.l-1. In great Gahar lake, mean concentration of chlorophyll was 1.6µg.l-1, TN 976.5µg.l-1, TP 24.2µg.l-1 and mean value of secchi depth was 6.8m. According to TLI, the great Gahar Lake belongs to status of Mesotrophic level and the small Gahar Lake to Eutrophic level of the trophic scale. Manuscript profile -
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202 - The Status quo Strategy as Behavioral Pattern of Modern China
Abdolmajid Seifi mahmood alipour gorjiChina’s view to current international order has become important after rapid economic growth in the country. Due to its high population, geopolitics, and transformation of China into the world’s largest economy until 2030, some scholars believe that China wi MoreChina’s view to current international order has become important after rapid economic growth in the country. Due to its high population, geopolitics, and transformation of China into the world’s largest economy until 2030, some scholars believe that China will be challenged the current international order to achieve hegemon position. However, the economic growth and China’s rising have taken place within the framework of the current international order. Also, change the current international order will cost a lot. So, it seems that China wants to maintain the existing international order. The main question of this article: «what is the stand of status quo in China’s view to current international order?» The hypothesis of the article is «By assessing the official documents of the Chinese government, its participation in conventions and treaties and its votes in international organizations, China is considered as status quo state. China's rapid economic growth and development took place in the current international order, Thus, China regards preserving this order in its own interests». In this Article, descriptive-analytical method has been used. Manuscript profile -
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203 - Internet addiction and some of its demographic correlates in Tehran students
Ramin Alavinejad Shirin Kooshki Anita Baqdasariyans Fatemeh GolshaniThis research was conducted with the aim of investigating some demographic correlates of Internet addiction. The research population was all undergraduate students of Tehran universities who were studying in the academic year 1997-1998. The sample of this research inclu MoreThis research was conducted with the aim of investigating some demographic correlates of Internet addiction. The research population was all undergraduate students of Tehran universities who were studying in the academic year 1997-1998. The sample of this research included 800 students aged 18 to 24 who were selected by multi-stage cluster method. Data collection was done using demographic information questionnaire and Internet addiction questionnaire by Yang (1998). Among the studied demographic variables of the field of study, marital status, employment status, parenting methods and the topic of Internet consumption showed a significant difference between normal and problematic Internet users (p ˂ 005). Users who reported their parents as authoritarian or neglectful were significantly more in the group of problematic Internet users (p ˂ 0.1). In general, it seems that the relationship between students' demographic information and Internet addiction can have important implications. Some of these demographic characteristics can be considered in future research in terms of predicting and finding the cause of abnormal behaviors such as Internet addiction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - Financial Status and Future Stock Price Crash Risk; The Importance of Firm’s Internal Control Quality
Abolfazl Momeni Yanesari Abstract Stock price crash is referred to as the risk of a huge decline in stock prices upon some sudden release of negative information in the market. In a general sense, the formation and change of stock prices are the result of the comprehensive effect of ma More Abstract Stock price crash is referred to as the risk of a huge decline in stock prices upon some sudden release of negative information in the market. In a general sense, the formation and change of stock prices are the result of the comprehensive effect of macroeconomic political and economic factors, industry factors, internal operating conditions of enterprises and emergency events. this study aims to investigate the association between Firm’ Financial Status and Future stock price crash risk with emphasis on the role of firm’s Internal Control Quality. to do so, the research hypotheses were tested using the data of 126 firms listed in Tehran Stocks Exchange, as well as logistic regression analysis. the results of testing the hypotheses showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between Firm’ Financial Status and Future stock price crash risk. Furthermore, the research findings indicate that firm’s internal control quality exacerbates the negative relationship between Financial Status and Future stock price crash risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - Satellite Attitude Control by using Back Steeping and Feedback Linearization Methods
Saeid Rafi Mahdi Siahi Ruhollah Barzamini -
Open Access Article
206 - Sociological study of the social status of women based on socio-political components (Case Study: Women in Sanandaj)
یعقوب احمدی زربانو فیضی behzad hakiminyaToday due to the role and position of women in the development of countries, their position has increased, the social status of women is one of the issues through which women can be identified as a higher or lower position in society. The purpose of this research is to MoreToday due to the role and position of women in the development of countries, their position has increased, the social status of women is one of the issues through which women can be identified as a higher or lower position in society. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of socio-political components on women's social status. The method of this descriptive study is correlation based on survey technique. Data was collected using a multi-stage cluster sampling method from 382 women aged 35-35 years old in Sanandaj using a researcher-made questionnaire. Findings of the study show that all independent variables are related to the social status. The overall conclusion of the study is that the social status of women in Sanandaj has changed, and these results confirmed the views of Inccell and Smith on the impact of education, Inglehart and Welzell on the impact of democracy and McClelland's theory on the impact of advancement on women's social status. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - Sociological Explanation of Factors Affecting Body Management (Case Study: Men between 18 and 45 years old in Tehran)
Ali Nouri alireza mohsenitabriziThe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of social factors on the body management among men 18 to 45 in Tehran. in conditions in which an original source of getting up of relation and semantic specification of every thing comes down to MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of social factors on the body management among men 18 to 45 in Tehran. in conditions in which an original source of getting up of relation and semantic specification of every thing comes down to appearances. body as a tool of expressing identity becomes more crucial. Theories of Goffman, Giddens, Elias, Bourdieu and Bandura formed the theoretical framework of this research. Statistical population was the members of body building gyms in Tehran and the size of random sample was 384 (Cochran’ formula was used). Survey method was used for explaining the impact of social factors on the body management. Necessary informations were collected through questionnare and its reliability was tested by Cronbach's alpha statistic. Statistical tests which are applied in this research is correlation. Correlation test between two variables of cultural capital and body management expressed that this relation is viceversa. Although, different ideas which have been considered in researeh and there is a direct relation between body management & cultural capital in other findings but it should be noticed conversely people who have less knowledge & socio-economic status use improper ways for changing of their appearance. Correlation between body management and learning behavior of others showed that the direct relationship between two variables. showing the socioeconomic status and displaying the appearance of others) in relation to body management, showed a direct and meaningful relationship between these variables and the dependent variable of body management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - Investigating of the effective social factors on vandalism of Parsabad city high school students
Islam Gasemzadeh Ajirloo Seyed Reza Moeini roza karampourVandalism or destruction of public property and belongings of society is a socio-cultural damage that always causes great costs to communities and schools as one of the public and cultural belongings of society is constantly exposed to this damage. In this regard; The a MoreVandalism or destruction of public property and belongings of society is a socio-cultural damage that always causes great costs to communities and schools as one of the public and cultural belongings of society is constantly exposed to this damage. In this regard; The aim of this study is to " Investigating of the effective social factors on vandalism of Parsabad city high school students". Research method is survey and data collection tool is a researcher made questionnaire. The statistical population of the study included students of governmental and non-governmental high schools in Parsabad that 362 of them were determined as the sample size using the Cochran's formula and were selected by stratified random sampling to answer the questionnaire. Findings using Pearson correlation coefficient test, multivariate regression analysis and path analysis showed that feelings of descrimination, socio-economic status,communication and companionship, socialization and individual factors affect the vandalism behaviors of these students, respectively. Also; 63% of the changes in vandalism were due to the relationship between a linear combination of independent variables and the remaining 37% were due to other factors that were not considered in this study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - Comparison of the position of women before the Islamic Revolution and after the Islamic Revolution of Iran..
leila hajigahramani Bahman Keshavarz Hasan Eivazzadeh Mehdi KhoshkhatiGiven the fact that women, as an important part of the community, have been tasked with a significant role and have been actively involved with men in various scenes, But during the past periods in our country, attention has been paid to the status and rights of women i MoreGiven the fact that women, as an important part of the community, have been tasked with a significant role and have been actively involved with men in various scenes, But during the past periods in our country, attention has been paid to the status and rights of women in the vicissitudes. Accordingly, this study aimed to describe and explain the status of women before and after the Islamic Revolution. The present study is in term of the purpose is applied research and in terms of nature and method is a descriptive-analytical research. The present study in term of the purpose is applied research and in terms of nature and method is a descriptive-analytical research. Data collection was also carried out in the form of a library-documentary. In this study, the position of women was reviewed in the different sections before and after the Islamic revolution. The results of the investigation suggest that women before Islamic revolution had limited situations. After the victory of the Islamic revolution, the situation of women was changed again. And at this juncture that societyfaced with several problems, had been prevented from paying attention to women's issues and revive their lost rights. However, after a relative improvement in the situation of the community, the issue of women's rights and the real status of this stratum were considered by policy makers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - Customer rights arising from defective goods in the light of jurisprudential teachings with emphasis on the Convention on the International Sale of Goods
faranak moazen Ahmad Shams Seyed Mojtaba Mirdamadi Ahad BagherzadehBackground and Aim: The right of the buyer (customer) to receive safe goods in exchange for payment is a fact that is reflected in both domestic legal systems and in various international instruments such as the Convention on the International Sale of Goods (adopted in MoreBackground and Aim: The right of the buyer (customer) to receive safe goods in exchange for payment is a fact that is reflected in both domestic legal systems and in various international instruments such as the Convention on the International Sale of Goods (adopted in 1980). And its observance is guaranteed by a variety of performances. This article focuses on guaranteeing the implementation of compensation for defective goods, explains and examines the economic effects of it in the framework of the Convention on the International Sale of Goods, as well as jurisprudential teachings.Materials and Methods: The type of research is descriptive and the method used is descriptive-analytical. The method of data collection is also library.Findings: The research findings indicate that the most important economic effects of compensation for defective goods from the perspective of the Convention on the International Sale of Goods (adopted in 1980), is the restoration of the damaged condition assuming full implementation of the contract and the option to reduce the price for the buyer; From the point of view of jurisprudential teachings, if the seller is not exempted from possible defects of the seller at the time of concluding the contract, termination of the transaction and also receiving the arche (difference) are the most important economic effects of the need to compensate for defective goods.Ethical considerations: In the present study, preserving the originality of texts and fidelity in speech quoting, as the most important ethical requirements, have been considered by the authors.Conclusion: Despite the seller's obligation to restore the status of the injured buyer, assuming the full implementation of the contract in the International Convention on the Sale of Goods, the possibility of the seller to avoid possible defec Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - Structural Equation Model Approach in Analyzing the Relationship Between Company Financial status and Value at Risk with Emphasis on The Role of Risk Management
Mohammad zamani Ghodratollah Emamverdi Yadollah Noorifard mohsen hamidian Seyedeh Mahboubeh JafariThe purpose of this study is analyzing the relationship between firm financial status and value at risk by emphasizing the role of risk management. Therefore, from value at risk information with the bootstrap simulation between the period of 2012 and 2019 and informatio MoreThe purpose of this study is analyzing the relationship between firm financial status and value at risk by emphasizing the role of risk management. Therefore, from value at risk information with the bootstrap simulation between the period of 2012 and 2019 and information of 138 companies in Tehran stock exchange (TSE) for statistical sample companies and the company's financial status criteria (performance measures and firm risk) and management criteria, as a moderating variable firms were used. In this study, the method of structure analysis which tests a specific model of relation between variables is used because this model is a comprehensive approach to test assumptions about the relationships of the observed and latent variables. The results of the hypotheses and model fitting showed that the firm's financial status on the value at risk is significantly effective and the risk management of this connection can be properly adjusted, however, performance measures were higher power in explaining the company's status as well as the value at risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - choosing the composition of the bank's foreign exchange portfolio to reduce risk of the Managing net open position (NOP)
yousef toomari mozhgan safa Mir Feiz Falah Hossein MoghadamThe purpose of this research is to choose the composition of the bank's foreign exchange portfolio to reduce the risk of managing net open positions (NOP). This realization aims to answer the question of whether it is possible to optimize the currency portfolio based on MoreThe purpose of this research is to choose the composition of the bank's foreign exchange portfolio to reduce the risk of managing net open positions (NOP). This realization aims to answer the question of whether it is possible to optimize the currency portfolio based on different value-at-risk models, including Var, Copula VaR, and Copula CVaR. In this research, on a quantitative scale and observations in the form of time series, the daily logarithmic return percentage of the two main and common currencies in the country's business, including the US Dollar and the EURO, in Sepah Bank from 2013 April 6 to 2021 September 22.The results of the selected portfolio based on these three methods show that, according to the obtained results, the Copula GARCH VaR model has a higher Sharpe value than the other two methods. On the other hand, the results of the average Sharpe obtained from the portfolios on the efficient border between the three methods are presented, according to the obtained values, we find that there is a significant difference at the 95% statistical confidence level between the average of the three methods presented, during which the Copula model GARCH VaR is ranked higher. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - A Study on the Effect of Using the Internet on Students’ Educational Status (The Case of Students in Tehran)
M. Moazami حمید . ShokriAbstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential consequences of using the internet on students’ educational status regarding their motivation and improvement of qualitative and quantitative dimensions of their education. The stat MoreAbstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential consequences of using the internet on students’ educational status regarding their motivation and improvement of qualitative and quantitative dimensions of their education. The statistical population included all secondary school students of Tehran that totaled to 382000. Out of this number, 384 individuals were taken as the sample of the study by using Morgan’s table. The instrument of data collection was a researcher-made questionnaire including Young’s addiction questionnaire items to measure respondents’ addiction to the internet. Validity of the instrument was confirmed by experts. In order to measure the reliability, the questionnaire was piloted among 30 respondents which led to a Cronbach’s alpha index of 0.78. After the administration of the questionnaire to the study sample, statistical analyses were conducted by using one-way ANOVA and t-test. Results indicated that 63 percent of students were internet users while 37 percent were not. Also, pastime did not have any effect on students’ educational status and no relationship was observed between them. Additionally, internet users had a worsened educational condition (p= 0.51). Finally, Young’s addiction test demonstrated that about 64 percent of the students were normal, 27 percent were at the verge of addiction, and 7 percent were addicted to using the internet Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - The impact of importing food products on economic instability and the related jurisprudence
fatemeh nematiThe import of food products is an economic problem that has created harmful effects for various parts of the country's system in recent years. This import threatens food security and national security and ultimately national identity. In the present research, the issue MoreThe import of food products is an economic problem that has created harmful effects for various parts of the country's system in recent years. This import threatens food security and national security and ultimately national identity. In the present research, the issue of jurisprudence rulings on the import of foodstuffs and its effects on economic instability has been investigated in a descriptive-analytical way. Paying attention to Islamic and jurisprudential values can help us in solving this social problem. Jurisprudence is the basic foundation of the laws of every Islamic society and is effective in creating economic stability. For this purpose, the mandatory ruling on the import of foodstuffs was examined in terms of importation against the law of the country and the importation of forbidden and suspicious foodstuff, and the ruling was given regarding the sanctity of illegal and forbidden importation, and in the case of questionable importation, based on the public and the application of evidence, the ruling was in favor of Halit. was given and regarding the status ruling related to the importation of food products, validity, invalidity and guarantee of this import, it was examined and in some cases, referring to jurisprudence rules, the ruling was given as valid and in some cases, the ruling was given as invalid, and considering All food import transactions are guaranteed according to the rule of "the whole guarantee is correct, and the guarantee is corrupt". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - Assessment of Potential Human Health Risk of Heavy Metals in Waterleaf (Talinum triangulare) Sold in Major Markets in Calabar, Nigeria
Udiba Udiba Michael Odey Udeme Udofia Ekom Akpan John Ama -
Open Access Article
216 - Residuals of Baking Soda and Sodium Dithionate in Bread and Environmental Health Status of Bakeries in Iran’s Military Forces
Ehsan Haghi Arasb Dabbagh Moghaddam Hossein Dini Talatappeh -
Open Access Article
217 - The Effect of High-intensity Interval Training and High-Protein Diet on the Total Oxidant Status and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Cardiac Tissue of Obese Male Rats
Azin Ghane Hossein Abednatanzi Marziyeh Saghebjoo Mehdi HedayatiObesity causes oxidative stress and is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Exercises and diet modification can affect oxidant and antioxidant factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and high-protein MoreObesity causes oxidative stress and is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Exercises and diet modification can affect oxidant and antioxidant factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and high-protein diet (HPD) on total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the ratio of TAC to TOS in the heart tissue of obese male rats. Forty 12-week-old obese male rats (Lee index above 310) were divided into five groups of eight including HIIT (5-12 intervals of 30 seconds with an intensity of 90% VO2max, 5 sessions per week, 10 weeks), HPD (about 57.5% of total calories from protein), HIIT+HPD, obese control-1 (OC-1) and obese control-2 (OC-2) and eight non-obese mice were also divided into the non-obese control (NC) group. became After 48 hours from the last intervention session, heart tissue was removed to measure TAC and TOS levels. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, post hoc Tukey, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. The results showed that the TAC level of heart tissue in the HIIT, HPD, HIIT+HPD groups was significantly higher than in the OC-1 group. On the other hand, the TOS level of heart tissue was significantly lower in the HIIT and HIIT+HPD groups than in the HPD and OC-2 groups. Also, the ratio of TAC to TOS was significantly higher in the HIIT and HIIT+HPD groups compared to the OC-2 group. According to the results, a combination of HIIT and HPD improves TAC and TOS of heart tissue. It seems that HIIT together with HPD strengthens the antioxidant system and reduces oxidative stress in obesity conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - Impact of resistance training on hepcidin levels and iron status in overweight/obese girls with and without iron stores deficient.
Nasim Behzadnezhad Fahimeh Esfarjani Sayyed Mohammad MarandiAbstract:Background: increasing body fat mass causes anemia. Exercising with the right type and intensity can improve iron status in people with extra fat mass. The aim of this study is to compare two different intensities of resistance training on hepcidin levels, iron MoreAbstract:Background: increasing body fat mass causes anemia. Exercising with the right type and intensity can improve iron status in people with extra fat mass. The aim of this study is to compare two different intensities of resistance training on hepcidin levels, iron status and body composition in obese/overweight girls. Method: 40 university students (18-22years old) with 35>BMI≥25 voluntarily participated in the study. Participants were divided into two groups of20, by blood sampling and based on serum ferritin (>30ng/ml or ≤30ng/ml). Subjects in each group were randomly assigned to one of the moderate or high-intensity training groups. Resistance training was performed 8 weeks, four days a week, and each session for one hour, with an elastic-band. body composition variables using specific tools, And the level of iron, hepcidin, TIBC, ferritin and hemoglobin was collected before and after exercise with the blood samples. Results: T-test showed, a significant decrease between pre-test and post-test in body composition variables, hepcidin and iron status variables of four groups other than hemoglobin. The analysis of variance of the bivariate showed a significant difference in hepcidin between the two groups with ferritin higher or lower than 30 ng/ml. The results of analysis of variance showed that there is a significant difference in hepcidin levels between the two groups with ferritin higher or lower than 30 ng/ml. Conclusion: resistance training with two different intensities can reduce hepcidin, ferritin and BMI in obese girls with and without iron deficiency and improve body composition. Baseline ferritin level seems to be effective on hepcidin levels after intervention. Keywords: resistance training, hepcidin, iron status, obesity Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - The Effects of Dietary L - Carnitine Supplementation on Overall Performance, Carcass Traits, Blood Components and Immune Response in Broiler Chickens
G. Akbari-Azad P. Haghighi-Khoshkhoo N. Ila F. Moayer H. Dehghan- NayeriThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of three dietary L-carnitine inclusion levels on performance, carcass traits, blood cells, serum components and immune responses on broiler chickens. 240 one- day old male broiler chicks (Cobb 500) selected and MoreThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of three dietary L-carnitine inclusion levels on performance, carcass traits, blood cells, serum components and immune responses on broiler chickens. 240 one- day old male broiler chicks (Cobb 500) selected and randomly distributed into 12 floor pens in a randomized block design (4 treatments, 3 pens/ treatment, 20 birds/ pen) and reared until 49 days of age. L-Carnitine levels used in this experiment were zero, 125, 250 and 375 ppm in feed. Feed consumption, mortality rate, mean weight, feed conversion rate (FCR), European Efficacy Factor (EEF), antibody titers against Newcastle Disease (ND) and Avian Influenza (AI) vaccines, cholesterol, triglyceride, white blood cell and red blood cell counts, abdominal fat weight, heart weight ratio, hepatocyte changes were measured at the end of rearing. Finally all data were subjected to the analysis of variances and compared by Duncan’s method between 4 groups statistically. The results showed that: 1) L-Carnitine can improve significantly body weigh gain only in 35-49 day old, but not in earlier age. Also improve FCR, EEF, antibody titers against ND and AI vaccines. It can be considered economics to use as it was found in cost-benefit assessment. 2) L-Carnitine did not have any significant effects on serum components, blood cells counts and carcass traits, although it had a little positive improving effect on these items. It seems that L-Carnitine can improve overall performance, carcass traits, blood & serum components and immune response in broiler chickens relatively, and this improvement is more obvious in 375 mg/kg feed than 125 and 250 mg/kg feed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - Factor affecting the rural woman's socio-economic status
Tahere Maleki Mohana Shahmoradi Ali A Mirakzadeh Elham Najafi Kakavand Jeiran ChamCham -
Open Access Article
221 - Sociological analysis of social status discrimination of women's sports
mohammad javad rahbari baris حسن قاسمعلی پور Bahram Ghadimi tayebeh zargarThe purpose of this research is to analyze the sociological discrimination of the social status of women's sports. The present research method is qualitative and exploratory. The research strategy in this study was the Glazer Method Foundation data analysis. The statist MoreThe purpose of this research is to analyze the sociological discrimination of the social status of women's sports. The present research method is qualitative and exploratory. The research strategy in this study was the Glazer Method Foundation data analysis. The statistical population included specialists and experts such as professors in the field of sociology, sports sociology, women's sports officials in the Ministry of Sports and Youth. The sampling method was used as non-probability sampling, with targeted selection and with maximum diversity or heterogeneity. The sample size in this research was equal to 16 people based on the theoretical saturation index. The measurement tool was an open interview and was analyzed based on three stages of open, central and selective coding by analyzing the text of the interviews and after conceptualization in the open coding stage, 60 primary concepts (first level) and 13 secondary themes (level 2) and 4 main themes of unequal gender opportunities, gender justice infrastructures, unfamiliar gender norms and social barriers based on gender (third level) were identified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - Analyzing Teachers’ Morale in Primary Schools, Junior, and Senior High Schools of Abadeh
Marzieh Heidari Saeed RejaeepourAbstract The main purpose of the present study is to analyze the morale level of school teachers in Abadeh. Out of all the school teachers in this town, 200 were selected using stratifies random sampling. The data collection tool was Purdue Teacher Opinionnaire (P.T.O) MoreAbstract The main purpose of the present study is to analyze the morale level of school teachers in Abadeh. Out of all the school teachers in this town, 200 were selected using stratifies random sampling. The data collection tool was Purdue Teacher Opinionnaire (P.T.O) designed by Bentley & Remple (1970). The results of the data analysis indicate that the teachers’ morale is high regarding communication, job satisfaction, cooperation, syllabus affairs, educational facilities, quantity of educational work, and parents’ pressure and is low in other aspects. Besides, the female teachers’ level of morale is higher than their male counterparts regarding all the aspects except quantity of educational work and parents’ pressure. Also, there are significant relationships between school teachers’ level of moral in different aspects like communication, quantity of educational work, syllabus affair, social status, social endorsement for ministry of education, and educational facilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - The Relationship between Ego-Identity Status and Attachment Styles with Psychological Well-beings among Youngesters
Seifollah Bahari Chebor Farkish Abstract This studyattempts to identify the realationship between ego-identity status and attachment styles with psychological well-beings of the young students at Islamic Azad University, Roudehen Branch and the impact of neighborhood on their ego- More Abstract This studyattempts to identify the realationship between ego-identity status and attachment styles with psychological well-beings of the young students at Islamic Azad University, Roudehen Branch and the impact of neighborhood on their ego-identity status and psychological well-beings.The participants were 120 students (Male=43 and Female=77) while96 were aborigonal and 24 were not.They were between 22 to 26 years old.Benion -Adams’ measure of identity status, Hazen-Shaver’s attachment style questionnaire, and Ryff’s psychological well-being questionnaire were used to measure identity status, attachment style psychological well-being respectively. In the inferential side of data analysis ANOVA and linear regression were applied. The findings indicate that four factors of ego-identity status, attachment styles, gender, and neighborhood all together explain 41% of the variation for psychological well-being of the students. Neighborhood and identity diffution show a significant predictive value for totao score of the psychologicalwell-being of the participants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
224 - Detect And Investigate The Status Of The Substructures Of Effective Application Of Knowledge Management At Islamic Azad University
Davood Maleki Bijan AbdollahiThe present study was conducted to detect and investigate the status of the substructures of effective application of knowledge management at Islamic Azad University. To this end, at first a review of the related literature was studied and notes of databases were taken MoreThe present study was conducted to detect and investigate the status of the substructures of effective application of knowledge management at Islamic Azad University. To this end, at first a review of the related literature was studied and notes of databases were taken to define basic concepts. Then, five factors, namely organizational culture, organizational structure, leadership and strategy, human resources and information technology were detected as the basic substructures of the application of knowledge management in the considered population. The statistical population of the study includes all the employees of Islamic Azad University- Robat-Karim branch, equal to 67 participants. Because of the limited number of the participants, the substructures of knowledge were evaluated using census and a researcher-made questionnaire. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential tests (t-test and Friedman test) were used. Results of the study indicates that in the population, two of the factors, namely organizational culture and human resource were in the average level and three factors, namely leadership and strategy, organizational structure and information technology were lower than average. Also, ranking of the studied substructures, using Friedman test indicates that there is a significant difference between the factors and the most influential and important factor is organizational structure and the less important one is organizational structure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - Promotion the Social Status of Teachers and Effective Factors (case of study: the city of Darehshahr)
Gholam abas Tavasouli siyavash khodayare lila yousefvandAbstract: This study was to "examine the social status of teachers from their own perspective in Darehshahr city have been conducted. For this purpose, teachers' attitudes Three stages, primary, secondary and high school Towards their social status has been measured. Th MoreAbstract: This study was to "examine the social status of teachers from their own perspective in Darehshahr city have been conducted. For this purpose, teachers' attitudes Three stages, primary, secondary and high school Towards their social status has been measured. The aim of this study was to examine effective factors in enhancing the social status of teachers and the provision of guidelines in this area. A descriptive survey research method (survey), a sample of male and female teachers, who in 1089 had been their size and sample size to using of cochran 266 is estimated. Then were selected through stratified random sampling. Independent variables in this study Occupational prestige, professional services, occupational salaries and benefits, and the dependent variable is the social status of teachers and questionnaires were used to collect of data. And order to Regulation, classification and analysis of data, statistical methods of descriptive and analysis by Collection Software SPSS and AMOS (structural equation) is used. The results obtained show that the low social status of teachers in society is determined It was caused by three factors: Lack of salary and benefits, low occupational prestige of being considered less important job Services of the teacher is. And obtained data in experimental models showing that Chi-square goodness of fit index indicates that analysis of the regression model is of type saturated. The above interpretation suggests that This indicates that the variable salary and benefits, among other aspects of the structure of the social status of teachers could explanation the total variance 46/0 and has The greatest effective on the dependent variable is the social status of teachers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - Identify social and cultural components of strengthening the family in order to prevent divorce with an emphasis on social base
Hamed Mohammadi Mehrdad NavabakhshThe family as the main focus of human is the basic element in the progress and success of society and nation. The prosperity of any society depends on the prosperity of families in the community so it should work more in order to achieve happiness that MoreThe family as the main focus of human is the basic element in the progress and success of society and nation. The prosperity of any society depends on the prosperity of families in the community so it should work more in order to achieve happiness that achieve this is possible only through full recognition of family bonds, official statistics indicate that signification contribution of divorce occur in the first five years of life, especially the first 2 years . Accordingly identify the components of strengthening the family in the first 5 years has a high degree of importance, in fact this study will be considered the second phase of a three –stage research results and outputs will be used as an input in the next steps of the research the present study was conducted by documentary and field methods and questionnaires techniques , to 390 young couple who have less than five years have passed from their families, the results of research indicate that about 60 percent of the sample have dissimilar marriage ,it is clear that differentials in marriage leads to differentials in the couples status. According to another research finding that indicate the relationship between social status and family bonds it can be said that the increase in non-spouse in the sample is one of the reasons of divorces in the first 5 years of family life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - The impact of economic and social components of quality of life and health of the elderly in areas north and south of Tehran in 1393 with an emphasis on policy proposals sixth program
Fatemeh Hosein zadeh joneydi -
Open Access Article
228 - A study survey on the effective the socio-demographic factors on sexual preference of children (case study: working married women in central organization of Islamic Azad University in 1392)
Mahmoud Moushfegh Mohammad AtaiiAbstract There search began for find the socio-demographic factors influencing to sexual preference among employee women and the researcher used the survey method and questionnaires Techniques to identify variable affecting payments. The population of this study was em MoreAbstract There search began for find the socio-demographic factors influencing to sexual preference among employee women and the researcher used the survey method and questionnaires Techniques to identify variable affecting payments. The population of this study was employed women in the central organization Islamic Azad University. Among them, the187 in dividualswere estimated with Cochran formula, and they were selected by method of random sample. After completing the questionnaires, there were analyzed by Spss software and fit statistics and tests was used in order to test hypo theses about variables and the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable. The results showed that the sex composition of children, migration, women’s age, women’s place of birth, ethnicity, and education were significant in the tendency to sexual preference. Unlike previous sides of women's socio-economic status and religious degree from independent variables in this study showed no significant relationship at the 95%confidence level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - Psychometric properties of school well-being scale
fatemeh salati, javad kavousian mehdi arab zadeh,The aim of This paper was to study the psychometric properties of the school well-being scale.The research method was descriptive correlational the statistical population consisted of all students of Governmental high schools of Karaj in the academic year of 96-97 stude MoreThe aim of This paper was to study the psychometric properties of the school well-being scale.The research method was descriptive correlational the statistical population consisted of all students of Governmental high schools of Karaj in the academic year of 96-97 students randomly multistage selected 330 students (170 girls and 160 boys) and completed the school well-being questionnaire (Konu, Alanen, Lintonen & Rimpela, 2002). Data analysis was performed using confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha and sequential teta. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis confirm that the structure of the scale has an acceptable fit with the data. The internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) varied from 0/69 to 0/86 and (sequential teta) varied from 0/61 to 0/88, indicating the appropriate instrumental reliability .The validity of the criterion (concurrent) showed that the sub-scales has acceptable. The results confirmed that the school well-being scale has a good validity and reliability in the Iranian community and can be used for future educational educators Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
230 - Social learning and social standing are the most effective main themes of branding public managers
Azam Sanaei Akbar Etebarian Khorasgani Alborz Gheitani Ali RashidpoorAbstract;The purpose of this research is to determine social learning and social status as the most effective main axes of managers' branding. In this research, the qualitative method-interpretive theme analysis and metacombination with the philosophical approach of pra MoreAbstract;The purpose of this research is to determine social learning and social status as the most effective main axes of managers' branding. In this research, the qualitative method-interpretive theme analysis and metacombination with the philosophical approach of pragmatism has been used. Written documents related to branding and personal branding, such as books, treatises, articles, etc., were selected as the statistical population of the qualitative section; After searching, examining and screening the identified sources, 75 sources had related codes and were used. As a result of qualitative data analysis; 207 codes, 68 basic themes, 29 organizing themes and 8 overarching themes were identified. Based on this, the branding model of public managers includes dimensions such as; Social learning, social status, expertise, development-oriented ideal, dynamics of the organization's human resource management system, individual and organizational intelligence, self-branding and trust-building. In the continuation of the research and comment on the question raised regarding the most effective aspects of the branding model of public managers; With the help of experts and data processing with the Shannon entropy method, the weight of each of the concepts and the total weight of the codes of that concept were calculated and based on the obtained weights, the dimensions were separated and ranked. And finally, the dimensions of social learning and social status were identified as the most effective dimensions of branding of managers of government organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - Role of past experiences and events in forced purchasing behavior
Kamran Noorbakhsh abolghasem keshirThe purpose of this research is to examine the role of past experiences and events in the emergence of compulsory shopping behavior. The method of this research is from the point of view of the purpose, applied, from the viewpoint of the data type, quantitatively and i MoreThe purpose of this research is to examine the role of past experiences and events in the emergence of compulsory shopping behavior. The method of this research is from the point of view of the purpose, applied, from the viewpoint of the data type, quantitatively and in terms of data collection method, is descriptive survey. The sample size was 384 people based on Cochran formula and distribution of the questionnaire among 16-29 year old youths in Tehran. To determine the validity of the questionnaire, the CVR method and confirmatory factor analysis were used. To determine the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the relationship between variables. The findings of this study did not exclude the impact of conflict with the family, community-based communication and communication with peers on forced shopping behavior and the effect of conceptual-oriented communication and self-esteem on forced purchasing behavior was rejected. The social outcomes of this research include awareness of marketers, retailers, families, counselors and policy makers in the field of health in understanding the mechanisms and areas of the incidence and development of mandatory purchasing in order to prevent the emergence of compulsive consumption patterns that have devastating effects on the individual and society. Cited. This research shows the relationship between the past experiences of life and the socio-economic backgrounds of the family in the formation and development of compulsory shopping behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - Jurisprudence Examination of Cryonics Technology and Its Legislative Compulsories
Ali MohammadPoor Askari Hoseinimoghadam Hossein Rahimi VaskasiCryonics is an innate desire among all humans. Based on this desire, some difficult to cure or incurable patients are brought to a cold life in the hope that in the coming years, with the progress of medical science, regarding the treatment of difficult to cure or incur MoreCryonics is an innate desire among all humans. Based on this desire, some difficult to cure or incurable patients are brought to a cold life in the hope that in the coming years, with the progress of medical science, regarding the treatment of difficult to cure or incurable patients, they will be able to revive and with their treatment find new life. This opinion is not possible from the point of view of the public at large. This research with analytical descriptive method, surveys the jurisprudence nature of Cryonics. Opinions and reasons of each opponents and supporters have been presented and according to the opinion of the esteemed president of jurists, this mechanism is correct under certain conditions. Before person’s action, for entering the cold storage, should determines and organizes the acquittal from obligations and civil and criminal responsibilities. Furthermore, the difficulty to cure and incurability of disease should be proved. In this case, he has entered into the cry biotic process and despite many similarities to death, the state of absence and incapability is the most similar for the patient. In this case, can take over the management of the patient's by appointing a trustee. The status of divorce of the wife and permission to marry for a daughter, will also be done according to the rules of the absent person. Setting a specific period and providing financial resources for the process of Cryonics is one of the important features that is necessary to be considered in the legislation based on jurisprudence opinions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - Injection of Vitamin B12 and Phosphorus around Mating: Effect on Metabolic Status and Reproductive Performance of Afshari Ewes
E. Rostamnia F. Fatahnia M. Shamsollahi Y. MohammadiThe effects of vitamin B12 (B12) and phosphorus (P) around mating on reproductive performance of ewes have not been investigated previously. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of injection of a solution (Catosin 10%) contained B12 and P on metabolic s MoreThe effects of vitamin B12 (B12) and phosphorus (P) around mating on reproductive performance of ewes have not been investigated previously. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of injection of a solution (Catosin 10%) contained B12 and P on metabolic status and different aspects of reproductive per-formance of ewes. A total of sixty multiparous Afshari ewes were divided into two groups (n=30 ewes/group) based on age, body condition score (BCS) and body weight (BW). Animals were received either 5 mL of Catosin (B12+P) or 5 mL of sterile water (Control) subcutaneously every 7 days during 28 days before mating and until 7 days after mating. Each mL of Catosin contained 0.05 mg of cyanocobala-min and 100 mg of butaphosphan, which provided 17.3 mg of P in the form of [1-(butylamino)-1-methylethyl]-phosphonic acid. Two weeks after the start of the experiment, the estrus cycles of all ewes were synchronized using intravaginal 12-day CIDRs. Ewes receiving B12 + P had higher BW and BCS at day of CIDR removal and BCS at day 30 after mating (P0.05), whereas, ewes receiving B12+P had higher plasma concentration of B12 at the day of CIDR removal and the day of estrus and mating (P<0.05). The results suggest that B12 + P injection around mating may be an effective strategy for improving repro-ductive performance of ewe. However, further researches need to re-evaluate and confirm these findings. Manuscript profile
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