-
Open Access Article
1 - Water treatment by the AC gliding arc air plasma
Mehrnaz Gharagozalian Davoud Dorranian Mahmood Ghoranneviss -
Open Access Article
2 - Prevalence, virulence factor and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Salmonella spp. from poultry products in Ardabil province
Ghadir Shahbazi Jalal Shayegh Siamak Ghazaei Mohamad Hossein Movassagh Ghazani Shahram Hanifian -
Open Access Article
3 - Study of antimicrobial effect of Artemisia sieberi in different grazing conditions on the Salmonella enteritidis
اشکان اطمینان اقطاعی بابک خیرخواه رضا باقریArtemisia sieberi is a plant from chicory category which is a green crucible and it is from thegrowing elements of Iran and Turani and it is from the prevailing elements of the Stopypasturage of Iran too. The application of this plant in the field that isn't for grasses MoreArtemisia sieberi is a plant from chicory category which is a green crucible and it is from thegrowing elements of Iran and Turani and it is from the prevailing elements of the Stopypasturage of Iran too. The application of this plant in the field that isn't for grasses is so muchvarious because of its expressed juice content.Antibiotic property of this plant is used in ancient medical to cure the abnormal digestion and toward of the intestinal parasites.The purpose of this study is considering of antimicrobial effect of the expressed juice of thisplant in different grazing conditions on the Salmonella enteritidis that create illness. Thisbacterium is one of the agent of intestinal infections. In this research the growing of Artemisiain current year from available sites have colleted in two different has been sites which in one ofthem the action of grazing done and in the other one the grazing action hasn't been done then theexpressed juice of this plant has been provided and its antimicrobial effect in 6 attendancesalong with its medicine properties which is provided in a diluted condition an the creatingillness bacteria of salmonella have been accomplished by using the spreading disk method inrelated to the assessing the antimicrobial property in different densities.The results of this research showed that the grazing factors had no effect on differentcombinations of antibacterial of expressed juice of Artemisia sieberi but antimicrobial effects ofthis plant relies on the grazing variable. The main environment of this plant is Muller HintonAgar and the results of this research have many applications in food and medicine industrials. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Comparison of PCR and conventional culture for the detection of Salmonella in raw milk
M. Bonyadian, تقی Zahraei salehi, A. Mehrabani,Salmonella is one of the authentic bacteria which cause illnesses, may exist in raw material andfood. The existence of these bacteria in food not only causes illnesses, but it also causes thedownfall of production quality and reduction of economic growth of the area and MoreSalmonella is one of the authentic bacteria which cause illnesses, may exist in raw material andfood. The existence of these bacteria in food not only causes illnesses, but it also causes thedownfall of production quality and reduction of economic growth of the area and country. Inthis study, 150 bulk raw milk samples were examined to comparison of PCR and conventionalculture for the identification of Salmonella in raw milk. Firstly raw milk was cultured andexamined through the conventional method; afterwards its supplementary procedures forisolating Salmonella were carried out. Regarding to the results of the culture method, sixsuspicious isolates were selected to carry out by PCR using invA gene. The results showed thatnone of the isolates were salmonella. Secondly DNA extracted from raw milk and samples wereassessed utilizing the invA gene by PCR method. Regarding to the results 3 out of 150 examinedsamples were positive. Totally 2 percent of all samples were contaminated with Salmonella.The results of this study revealed that PCR is more potent than conventional culture methods toidentification of salmonella in raw milk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in Salmonella enteritidis isolated from animal and human and determining their antibiotic resistance patterns
کیومرث امینی .Salmonella is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Infections in humans that are caused by these bacteria, are manifested asgastroenteritis, enteric fever (typhoid or para-typhoid) and septicemia. Class I integrons are the most common integrons found in the differ MoreSalmonella is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Infections in humans that are caused by these bacteria, are manifested asgastroenteritis, enteric fever (typhoid or para-typhoid) and septicemia. Class I integrons are the most common integrons found in the different serotypes of Salmonella enterica, that has caused multiple antibiotic resistance and problems in the treatment of infections resulted from these bacteria, in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of class I integrons in Salmonella enteritidis strains isolated from human and animal, and their antibiotic sensitivity or resistance. In this study, human)11 samples) and animal (13 samples) Salmonella enteritidis samples were received from the microbial collection of Islamic Azad University- Science and Research branch- faculty veterinary medicine . Then multiplex PCR experiments were performed to determine the frequency of class I integrons. Finally, agar disk diffusion method was used to determine antibiotic resistance pattern. The results showed that none of the 11 human Salmonella enteritidis strains had the class I integrons and 2 strains (15.3%) out of 13 animal Salmonella enteritidis had the class I integrons. As well 36.3% of human Salmonella enteritidis strains and 30.8% of animal Salmonella enteritidis strains showed multiple antibiotic resistance. Conclusion: In multiple-resistant strains that lacked class I integrons, resistance genes can be located on plasmids, transposons or other integron classes Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Molecular isolation of Salmonella from faeces of the street cat by PCR method
Sadeghi Vafa, F. , Mashhady Rafie, S. , Jamshidian, M. .This study was performed for detecting enteric Salmonella in stray cats in Tehran. Stool samples obtained from 100 stray cats were referred to small animal clinics by SPCA members from different part of Tehran. Routine culture, serotyping test and molecular methods (PCR MoreThis study was performed for detecting enteric Salmonella in stray cats in Tehran. Stool samples obtained from 100 stray cats were referred to small animal clinics by SPCA members from different part of Tehran. Routine culture, serotyping test and molecular methods (PCR and M-PCR) were done for evaluating of genius and serovars of bacteria. Samples were placed in 37 ˚C for 24 hours in selective media such as Rambach medium. After the colonies appeared, they cultured in differential media such as TSI. Results recorded after 24 hours later. Only one sample showed Salmonella Spp. in culture method from a 2 month old kitten with hemorrhagic enteritis and severe dehydration. This sample and other suspected cases were tested by PCR and M-PCR subsequently. We found another case of Salmonella enteritidis from a female one-year-old cat without any clinical signs. Serotyping tests showed both cases belong to groupD1. Although Salmonella enteritidis is an important factor in human gastroenteritis and recorded from poultry farms and products, it is supposed to detecting this kind of Salmonella are created after exposing to related resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Determining the antibiotic resistance patterns of isolated Salmonella from broiler flocks to 28 antimicrobial agents used in Iran
Azizpour, A.* .The purpose of this study was to determine the serogroups of isolated Salmonella spp from broiler flocks and their drug resistance patterns to 28 antimicrobial agents commonly used in medicine and veterinary of Iran. One-hundred and eighty-nine samples were collected fr MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine the serogroups of isolated Salmonella spp from broiler flocks and their drug resistance patterns to 28 antimicrobial agents commonly used in medicine and veterinary of Iran. One-hundred and eighty-nine samples were collected from liver, heart and intestine of slaughtered broiler flocks in Ardabil province for identification of salmonella. The antibiotic resistance rate of isolates was determined using Kirby-Bauer method. Out of 189 samples examined, Salmonella was isolated from 22 samples (11.6%). Out of 22 salmonella isolates, fourteen (63.7%), seven (31.8%) and one (4.5%) isolates belonged to serogroups D, C and B, respectively. Multiple resistance was observed among isolates. The highest resistance was to tetracycline (100%), chlortetracycline (91%), streptomycin (91%), doxycycline (86.5%), nalidixic acid (81.8%), neomycin (77.3%), kanamycin (68.3%), furazolidone (63.7%), lincospectin (59.1%), flumequine (54.6%), penicillin (45.5%) and sulfamethoxazole+ trimethoprim (40.9%). Ten resistance patterns to ten antimicrobial agents commonly used in Iranian poultry industry were found in 22 Salmonella isolates 81.82% of isolates were resistant to more than two antibacterials. The results of this study showed that the frequency of resistance to the antimicrobial agents among avian salmonella isolates is a major public health concern. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Prevalence of salmonella serotypes in livestock feedstuff and their antibiotic resistance to antibiotics widely used in the Iranian health centers
, A Azizpour سیامک Ghazaei,Salmonellosis is an important zoonotic disease that the most of salmonella infection in humans result from the ingestion of contaminated food. In recent years, resistance of salmonella to commonly used antimicrobials is increasing and has emerged as MoreSalmonellosis is an important zoonotic disease that the most of salmonella infection in humans result from the ingestion of contaminated food. In recent years, resistance of salmonella to commonly used antimicrobials is increasing and has emerged as a global problem. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of salmonella serotypes in livestock feedstuff and their antibiotics resistance rate to antibacterial agents widely used in the Iranian health centers. To achieve this, fifty samples from livestock feedstuff were collected randomly from different parts of Ardabil city for identification of salmonella .The antibiotic resistance rate of isolates was determined using Kirby-Bauer method. Out of 50 samples examined, Salmonella was isolated from 4 samples (8%). The result of serotyping was Enteritidis (50%), Muenchen(25%) and Unknown (25%). Multiple resistance was observed among isolates. The highest resistance was to Tetracycline (100%), Sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (100%), Cotrimoxazole (100%), Amicycin (100%), Chloramphenicol (66.7%), Amoxicillin (66.7%), Doxycycline (33.4%), Florfenicol (33.4%) and Enrofloxacin (33.4%). All isolated were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin. The highest resistance rate was found against most prevalent drugs in poultry and animal industry, reinforcing this hypothesis that wide usage of drugs in the livestock feedstuff results in vast drug resistant bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Evaluation of Antibacterial Effects of Yarrow Hydroalcoholic Extract on Salmonella with Aminoglycoside Resistance Gene Isolated from Dogs with diarrhea
ابوالفضل Solyemani asl مریم Karimi-DehkordiSalmonella is one of the leading causes of foodborne illness and serious health concerns worldwide. The high Prevalence of Salmonella is one of the problems in the livestock industry. Due to the prevalence of resistance to antibiotics, in this study we evaluated the an MoreSalmonella is one of the leading causes of foodborne illness and serious health concerns worldwide. The high Prevalence of Salmonella is one of the problems in the livestock industry. Due to the prevalence of resistance to antibiotics, in this study we evaluated the antibacterial effects of Yarrow hydroalcoholic extract on Salmonella with antibiotic resistance gene isolated from diarrhea dogs. For this purpose, fecal samples of 83 dogs with diarrhea were immediately cultured by swap in differential media. After confirmation of Salmonella isolates in both molecular and microbial methods, the presence of aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac (3) -IIa and aac (3) -Ia) was investigated. The antibacterial effect of yarrow extract and MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) was investigated. Finally, the results were analyzed in SPSS 20 software. The results of the present study showed that the prevalence of Salmonella bacteria in the fecal sample of diarrhea dogs was 8.5%.In the MIC study among the measured groups, the lowest inhibitory concentration in mg/ml for strains with aac (3) -Ia, aac (3) -IIa, aac (3) -Ia + aac (3) -IIa and isolates without resistance genes were 78.2±66.3, 46.9±22.1, 62.5 and 93.8±44.2, respectively. No significant differences were observed between these groups (p>0.05). Due to the fact that yarrow has different compounds that can have a strong effect on the inhibition of various microorganisms. Therefore, choosing the right treatment strategies such as the use of medicinal plants like yarrow can play an effective role in reducing the prevalence and epidemic of bacterial diseases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Comparative evaluation of the antibacterial activity of Dill (Anethum graveolen L.) and garden Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) against of Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC= 14028)
نازیلا Eslami, , Y , Anzabi, M.A Nour Azar,Salmonellosis is one of the most important common diseases of livestock and humans worldwide. With the prevalence of antibiotic resistance, the tendency to use medicinal plants to control microorganisms has increased. The aim of this research was to investigate the anti MoreSalmonellosis is one of the most important common diseases of livestock and humans worldwide. With the prevalence of antibiotic resistance, the tendency to use medicinal plants to control microorganisms has increased. The aim of this research was to investigate the antibacterial effects of the essential oils of Thymus vulgaris and salmonella typhimurium (ATCC=14028). For this purpose, first, the essential oils of the mentioned plants were extracted by steam distillation using a Clovenger machine. Then, using the microdilution broth method, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of essential oils alone and in combination, as well as drug sensitivity or resistance testing based on the well diffusion method in agar against the standard strain of Salmonella typhimurium bacteria, were determined in comparison with three common antibiotics in veterinary medicine. The MIC was calculated for thyme (0.25), mixed essential oil (0.50), doxycycline (0.0078) and oxytetracycline (<0.00195) μg/ml. The MBC for them was 0.25, 0.50, 0.0156 and >0.00195 respectively. Dill essential oil and erythromycin antibiotic had no antimicrobial effect against Salmonella typhimurium. The highest effect was related to oxytetracycline (with a growth inhibition diameter of 27 mm) and the lowest effect was related to thyme essential oil (with a growth inhibition diameter of 10 mm). Unlike dill essential oil, garden thyme essential oil has a significant antibacterial effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Isolation and identification of dominant Salmonella species and their virulence factors in pets and their owners in Isfahan city
آتنابلالی Balali Dehkordi علی SharifzadehSalmonellosis is a common disease between humans and animals, and in some cases, animals carrying bacteria are a potential source of contamination for humans. The aim of this study was to assess the potential role of dogs and cats and their owners in epidemiology of sal MoreSalmonellosis is a common disease between humans and animals, and in some cases, animals carrying bacteria are a potential source of contamination for humans. The aim of this study was to assess the potential role of dogs and cats and their owners in epidemiology of salmonellosis in in Isfahan city. For this purpose, Rectal swabs of 115 asymptomatic dogs and cats from Isfahan city (2021) were cultured and evaluated by PCR. Salmonella isolates were serotyped and virulence gene and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility applying standard methods. The results obtained in the present study indicated that Salmonella spp. were isolated from 8% of cats,16% of cat owners and 12% of dog owners samples. 2 salmonella serotypes were observed including S. typhymurium (80%), and S. enteritidis (20%). The results showed that there is no significant relationship between age, condition of the digestive system and the environment of storage with the amount of salmonella infection in dogs and cats. Also, no connection was observed between the contamination of animals and their owners. According to the results, all cases were infected with invA and flic strains. According to the antibiogram tests performed, they were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, nalidixic acid, semi-sensitive to tetracycline, gentamicin, cephalothin and resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalexin. Isolation of Salmonella spp. from asymptomatic cats and dogs makes them dangerous source of Salmonella and a treat for human and animal health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Rapid recognition of typhoid and non-typhoid Salmonella in poultry samples using multiple polymerase chain reaction method (multiplex-PCR)
علی Khodadadeh Jigheh یونس AnzabiThe Salmonella serotypes are detected mainly through traditional microbiologic methods, which are associated with problems. The invention of rapid molecular detection methods has somewhat resolved these problems. This study aimed to assess the possibility of rapid detec MoreThe Salmonella serotypes are detected mainly through traditional microbiologic methods, which are associated with problems. The invention of rapid molecular detection methods has somewhat resolved these problems. This study aimed to assess the possibility of rapid detection of typhoid and non-typhoid Salmonellas in poultry using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 40 isolates of Salmonella from industrial poultry were collected veterinary laboratories in Tabriz, Iran. After microbiological and serological tests, we confirmed that 27 out of 40 isolates belonged to the Salmonella entrica species. Differential tests revealed that 15, 7, 2, and 3 isolates were Salmonella Gallinarum, Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Salmonella Pullorum, respectively. We then used specific primers to multiply the genes invA, rfbJ, lygD, I137_08605, and speC. The 27 isolates were then genotypically analyzed through multiplex-PCR. The results showed that all 27 isolates and the standard strains of all 4 bacteria carry the invA gene, while this gene was absent in 13 non-Salmonella isolates. The I137_08605 genes was present in all isolates and the standard strains of S. Gallinarum and S. Pullorum; the rfbJ and lygD genes were present in all isolates of S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium and their standard strains; and the speC gene was present in all isolates of S. Gallinarum and some isolates of S. Typhimurium and S. Entritidis and their standard strains. It seems that typhoid Salmonellas of poultry, i.e., S. Gallinarum and S. Pullorum, can be discriminated from non-typhoid Salmonellas through the multiplex-PCR molecular method. This can prevent further damage to the country's poultry industry by preventing their further spread. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Annatto Dye on Salmonella Enteritidis in Mayonnaise
محمود Yolme M.B. Habibi Najafi F. hosseini R. FarhoshIntroduction: The hazards of antibiotics and synthetic preservatives have been identified, therefore researchers are looking for natural and safe alternatives. Annatto dye is used in the food industry, widely. Annatto dye has antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Th MoreIntroduction: The hazards of antibiotics and synthetic preservatives have been identified, therefore researchers are looking for natural and safe alternatives. Annatto dye is used in the food industry, widely. Annatto dye has antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The subject of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of annatto dye on Salmonella Enteritidis in mayonnaise. Materials and Methods: Annatto dye was extracted by maceration methods and after concentration, the powder was produced using vacuum oven. Samples containing 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 percent annatto dye and 1 ml of 1.5 mac farlan microbial suspension (include 1.5 × 108 CFU) were prepared and stored at 4 and 25 ˚C. 1 ml from each dilution was cultured as pour plate to evaluate the bacterial survival of the sauce. The colonies were counted as log cfu/g for the duration of twenty days in triplicate orders. Results: The survival of S.enteritidis was decreased by increasing the annatto dye in both temperatures and has a significant difference with the control sample (P < 0.05). The population of S.enteritidis has shown more reduction at 25 ˚C as compared to 4 ˚C. Therefore the population of S.enteritidis would reach the minimum concentration under 25 ˚C after 17 days. Conclusion: Annatto dye decreased the survival of S.enteritidis in mayonnaise sauce. Temperature of 25 ˚C imposed more fatality effect on S.enteritidis in mayonnaise sauce. Therefore, annatto dye might be employed as an inhibitor in such products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Assimilation of Biosensor by Means of Microcontact Scheme Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Detection of Salmonella Typhi
S.A.A. Anvar V. Razavilar B. Akbari Adergani A. Motallebi Moghangoghi H. AhariIntroduction: The detection of the bacteria mass in food products using traditional methods is a long process that might take four to ten days. The advances in nano technology has made the design of selective and intelligent sensors possible that are capable of precisel MoreIntroduction: The detection of the bacteria mass in food products using traditional methods is a long process that might take four to ten days. The advances in nano technology has made the design of selective and intelligent sensors possible that are capable of precisely detecting the bacteria mass in a short time. Materials and Methods: In this research, the MIP (molecularly imprinted polymer) was utilized. First, in order to prepare the molecular imprints and produce the polymer, meta-acrylic acid (MAA) monomers were used. Then, covalence bonds between the MAA monomers created a white polymer and hydrogen bonds between the antibody and MAA were formed. By using fluorescence converter and its connection to the antibody of Salmonella Typhi bacteria, it is possible to detect the Salmonella Typhi anti-gene. The florescence disseminations after neighbouring were quantified by a spectrofluorometer. Results: The results indicated that, it is possible to detect the concentration of Salmonella Typhi bacteria with a minimum mass of 10 Mol in polluted waters. Moreover, the designed sensor was evaluated in terms of configuration specificity. Also, the Ecoli bacteria were inseminated in an aquatic environment containing Salmonella Typhi proving that there was no interference with the sensor function. Besides, sensor sensitivity was examined up to 60 days and showed that sensor performance could be verified up to 52 days and then starts to diminish. Conclusion: The applications of biosensors to detect microbial contaminations have been increased due to the shortening of detection time while retaining the required characteristics and sensitivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Antioxidant Effects of Camel Milk in Rats Infected with Salmonella typhimurium
M. Fatemi F. Ghandehari M. AbasiIntroduction: Camel milk has high antioxidant activity because of vitamins, protein anddifferent enzymes and it can play an important role in the reduction of oxidative stress.Furthermore, camel’s milk has a stronger inhibitory effect against bacteria. In this res MoreIntroduction: Camel milk has high antioxidant activity because of vitamins, protein anddifferent enzymes and it can play an important role in the reduction of oxidative stress.Furthermore, camel’s milk has a stronger inhibitory effect against bacteria. In this researchsurvey the protective effect of camel milk against oxidative stress infection caused bySalmonella typhimurium in vivo conditions has been investigated. Salmonella infectionactivated phagocytic inflammatory cells by producing pro- inflammatory cytokines causes therelease of nitrogen and oxygen free radicals which it results in its cellular damage throughlike membranes lipids peroxidation and DNA and protein oxidative.Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats (150±20g) divided into five groups (n=8). Group < br />A: contaminated with Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC14028). Group B: Contaminated withSalmonella typhimurium and treated by camel milk (33ml/kg). Group C: contaminated withSalmonella typhimurium (1.5×108) and treated by camel milk and antibiotic cefixime(400mg/kg). Group D: treatment with camel milk. Group E: Injection control. Aftercompletion of the course, animals became unconscious. The animals decreased and theirintestine, liver, and kidney were separated and the level of enzyme activity like SOD andCAT were checked in the tissues.Results: Statistical analysis showed that the level of activity of enzymes SOD and CATdecreased in the tissues of the infected group to Salmonella typhimurium, and by followingtreatment with camel milk and treatment with camel milk and antibiotics, this reductionincreased to a normal level.Conclusion: Camel milk plays a useful role as antioxidant nutritional supplement againstSalmonella typhimurium in rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Antimicrobial Effects of Cold Plasma on the Pathogenic Bacterium Salmonella enteritidis Existed on the Egg Shell
P. Bohlouli R. Jalalirad D. DorranianIntroduction: Cold plasma or non-thermal plasma technology is one of the methods of foodprocessing that is used to inactivate pathogen microorganisms and improve food safety. Coldplasma can affect the inactivation of a wide range of microorganisms, without harming theho MoreIntroduction: Cold plasma or non-thermal plasma technology is one of the methods of foodprocessing that is used to inactivate pathogen microorganisms and improve food safety. Coldplasma can affect the inactivation of a wide range of microorganisms, without harming thehost and healthy tissues.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cold plasma directly on reducing thenumbers of Salmonella enteritidis on egg shell and also to determine the effect of plasmaexposure time and the composition of the injected gas.Materials and Methods: In this study, the effect of cold atmospheric plasma radiation ofargon and argon containing 5% oxygen gas, at the rate of 3 liters / min, and at three differenttimes on inactivation of Salmonella enteritidis was investigated.Results: The effect of argon gas radiation for 1, 3 and 6 minutes on the reduction ofsalmonella enteritidis numbers being 4.490, 3.948, 0 cfu /ml respectively, was significant at1% probability level. Also, the radiation effect of argon containing 5% oxygen at 1, 3 and 6minutes,on reduction of Salmonella enteritidis numbers was 4.559, 4.226 and 0 cfu /ml,respectively. Both groups of the treatments caused a significant decreasing trend at thestatistical level of 1% as compared to the control sample.Conclusion: The obtained data indicated that the effects of the gas type, as well as theirradiation time and their interaction on the tested bacterium were statistically significant atp>0/01 as compared to the control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Use of Real-Time PCR and High-Resolution Melting Analysis for Detection and Discrimination of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis in Contaminated Raw-Egg Samples
H. Ahari B. Fahimi N. Sheikhi A.A. Anvar S. Paidari -
Open Access Article
18 - The Inoculation Effect of Arum conophalloides on Salmonella typhimurium Bacteria Using an Antibacterial Approach at Different Temperatures, Time Intervals, and Extract Concentrations
M. Razani H. Ahari A. A. Anvar V. Razavilar -
Open Access Article
19 - Optimization of Drainage Design Parameters with the Aim of Reducing Environmental Damage in Steady-State C onditions
Hamed Mazandarani Zadeh Rahime Zadesh Pargo Peyman Daneshkar ArastehBackground and Objective: Diameter, insertion depth and spacing of drainage pipes are three crucial variables in the design of underground drainage network. Effluents have a great potential to leave lots of damage on the environment. The proper selection of design varia MoreBackground and Objective: Diameter, insertion depth and spacing of drainage pipes are three crucial variables in the design of underground drainage network. Effluents have a great potential to leave lots of damage on the environment. The proper selection of design variables can lead to reducing the environmental damage. The purpose of this paper is to provide a model for selecting optimal design parameters for underground drainage systems to reduce environmental damage, in a way that after the discharge of drainage to the river, river salinity concentration does not exceed the acceptable limit. Method: For this purpose, maximization of difference between drainage water salinity and acceptable limit was considered as the objective function. Genetic Algorithm (GA), kind of evolutionary algorithm, has been used to simulate the transmission and the salt Hooghoudt model was used also. In Hooghoudt model water transition to drainage is modeled in two upper and lower individual part. In order to evaluate the proposed model, an agro-industrial unit Salman Farsi was chosen as case study. Matlab software was employed to program the formula and algorithm which has been used in this research, including Hooghoudt salinity transfer simulation function and GA algorithm optimization. Findings: Results show that the pipe depth is complying with minimum allowable depth. In other words, since the objective function of the model is to achieve minimal environmental damage, the minimum depth of installation is generally chosen. Optimum diameter, insertion depth and spacing have been obtained 1.3, 0.1 and 34.3 respectively. The results of the sensitivity of the model to change of the two basic assumptions, minimum allowable depth and stabilize the water table depth stabilizing, shows by increasing the allowable minimum depth of installation, drainage spacing increases and reducing the depth of the water table stabilizing will increase the drainage intervals and leads to increasing the concentration of drainage water discharged to the environment. Discussion and Conclusion: In this study and by using information about the Salman Farsi agro-industry company, to reduce the environmental damage caused by drainage projects, installation depth of drainage should be equal to the minimum allowable depth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Environment, Health and Safety Risk Assessment in Industrial Sector of Salman Farsi Agro-Industrial Company Using Delphi Technique and FMEA & TOPSIS Integrated Model
Hossein Habibinia Soolmaz DashtiBackground and Objective: Industrial and development activities are parts of the human attempt to achieve greater prosperity. But the effects of these changes and develop this kind of activity due to specific risks arising from changes in prevalent system of nature. Wor MoreBackground and Objective: Industrial and development activities are parts of the human attempt to achieve greater prosperity. But the effects of these changes and develop this kind of activity due to specific risks arising from changes in prevalent system of nature. Working staff in the agricultural sector of this company at different levels, according to a variety of activities that can be done, are exposed to health and safety risks. This research has been done in order to identify safety, health and environmental aspects and important risks of Salman Farsi Agroindustry Company in 2014. Method: In this study Delphi, FMEA and FMEA & TOPSIS Integrated models are used. Findings: According to Delphi method 57 aspects and risks related to the activities of this industry identified and 13 of them were diagnosed significantly. Risk of exposure to noise with identification code R1 obtain the highest score and transport the heavy parts with identification cod R44 obtain the lowest score respectively. According to the FMEA method, 57 aspects and risks identified based on industry activities and 21 of them became intolerable and clear, as input data to the weighting stage and grading were used combined method TOPSIS and FEMEA. According to this method environmental aspects of waste entering to the environment with identification cod R57 obtained the highest score and falling the centrifuges basket with identification cod R18 obtained the lowest score. Discussion and Conclusion: Establish and implement integrated management systems that can be qualified as a practical proposal affecting elimination or reduction of risk in industrial sector of Salman Farsi agro-industrial Company. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Landscape Design Coastal Tourism Route with Resilience Approach (Case Study: Salmanshahr)
ziba maleki fereshteh habib Sara NahibiBackground and Objective: Coastal areas are one of the busiest and most touristy areas, the design and beautification of the landscape is very important, but what is important is to improve safety and security against all kinds of accidents, in other words, to make it r MoreBackground and Objective: Coastal areas are one of the busiest and most touristy areas, the design and beautification of the landscape is very important, but what is important is to improve safety and security against all kinds of accidents, in other words, to make it resilient. Material and Methodology: The main purpose of this research is to design the coastal landscape of Salmanshahr with the aim of promoting resilience, which has been done by descriptive-analytical method and field studies. The statistical population consists of all factors involved with the range, including residents, tourists and experts, of which 100 people have been selected as a statistical sample. Data analysis was performed using T-statistic analysis, regression analysis and SWOT-QSPM analysis. Findings: The results showed that there is a direct and significant relationship between landscape design and resilience promotion in the range. In addition, the findings indicate that there are many problems in the field of landscape and resilience in the area. Discussion and Conclusion: Organizing and designing the landscape of Salmanshahr beach with resilience can lead to the growth and development of tourism in the area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The study of common theme in imprisonments of Abu Feras Hamdany and Masood-e Sa’ad-e Salman
Zahra SoleymaniA large part of the Arab and Persian literature has been devoted to prison and poems about it. Democratic poets from the distant past to the present created beautiful things in the field of human themes that studying them is not unpleasant and useless. Ab MoreA large part of the Arab and Persian literature has been devoted to prison and poems about it. Democratic poets from the distant past to the present created beautiful things in the field of human themes that studying them is not unpleasant and useless. Abuferas Hamdani, a famous poet of the fourth century is considered among the pioneers of Habsyyat in Arabic literature who has poetized ballades called “Roomyyat” about prisons and their belonging things during his captivity. In Persian literature from the earliest Habsyyah belongs to Masood-e Sa’ad-e Salman, a famous poet of fifth and sixth centuries. The Habsyyaat of these two poets has been reviewed in this article to find common themes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Analysis of Savoji’s “Jamshid and the Sun” Based on Prop’s Theory
Ebrahim Vasheghani Farahani Leila Hashemian Maryam RahmaniMorphological analysis is a central technique in structural criticism. In this analysis, the critic seeks to discover relationships among the structural constituents of a tale. It was first introduced into literary criticism by Vladimir Prop under the influence of Ferdi MoreMorphological analysis is a central technique in structural criticism. In this analysis, the critic seeks to discover relationships among the structural constituents of a tale. It was first introduced into literary criticism by Vladimir Prop under the influence of Ferdinand de Saussure’s structural linguistics. Prop based his work on the actions of the characters in fairy tales and, after analyzing these actions and their functions, he found out that all the tales follow similar structures which can be generalized to explain the tales of various peoples over the world. Such analysis reveals that the characters of different tales, regardless of apparent differences, have constant specific functions according to their role in the tale. The present paper is an attempt at the structural analysis of the tale of “Jamshid and the Sun”, which is one of the most successful lyric tales of Persian literature, and at the study of the functions and their order in each role to determine the degree to which to these functions conform to the roles and self-actions in the story. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - A Study and Comparison on Lateral Music of Salman Savoji and Khwaju Kermani's Sonnets
Reza Ashraf Zadeh Ameneh Taak Mohammad FazeliKhwaju Kermani and Salman Savoji – famous and stylistic poets of eighth century – could manifest rhythm and terms harmony by music assistance. The present article intends to prove two iso – rhyme are less rhythmed by studying and surveying Khwaju Kerma MoreKhwaju Kermani and Salman Savoji – famous and stylistic poets of eighth century – could manifest rhythm and terms harmony by music assistance. The present article intends to prove two iso – rhyme are less rhythmed by studying and surveying Khwaju Kermani and Salman Savoji's lateral music. Such kind of rhyme are more in Khwaju's poetries rather than Salman's. Khwaju was not interested in applying artificial rows while Salman's rows are mostly simple and prefixed. Rows in both poets' poetries are various. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Evaluation of Microbial (Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis) Quality of Bottled water in Tehran during 2015-2016
fatemeh yahyazadeh mohammad dakhiliBackground and Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the microbiological quality of bottled water in the city of Tehran. This is a descriptive study that the process of doing was selectively brands of mineral water in the city of Tehran. E. coli as the indicator of MoreBackground and Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the microbiological quality of bottled water in the city of Tehran. This is a descriptive study that the process of doing was selectively brands of mineral water in the city of Tehran. E. coli as the indicator of pollution of water and food. The reason for this is that the bacteria can be found in the feces in large numbers and their presence in drinking water and food is a risk to consumer's health. Materials and Methods: In this study to evaluate the infection or the lack of infection of bottled water in Tehran, between 10 valid and high consumption brands, 10 brands selected based on the proposed methods in national standards of Iran. 10 samples selected at random with different production dates (100 samples). At first the Samples was tested with MacConkey broth multiple tube fermentation technique (mpn 9 tubes). Then was tested in lactose broth and mpn method (9 tubes). Finally, was tested to the presence or absence of Salmonella enteritidis with traditional method (three-stage). Results: Observations and the results of this study showed none of the samples proved to carry microbial problems as E. coli and Salmonella enteritidis and were on the standars ranges. Conclusion: According to the results, bacterial quality in all tested samples in Tehran, is in accordance with national standards and World Health Organization and not threatening consumer's health and is healthful enough to be used for drinking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Molecular survey of slyA, stn, sopB, Phop/Q and spvc genes of Salmonella typhimurium isolated from clinical samples by multiplex PCR
Zahra Masoumalinejad Babak Kheirkhah Fahimeh MirzadehBackground: Salmonella is a Gram-negative intestinal organism and causes food poisoning in human. Salmonella has five virulence genes, stn, Phop/Q, spvc, slyA and sopB. These genes encode proteins in different parts of the bacteria that can confront with immune system, MoreBackground: Salmonella is a Gram-negative intestinal organism and causes food poisoning in human. Salmonella has five virulence genes, stn, Phop/Q, spvc, slyA and sopB. These genes encode proteins in different parts of the bacteria that can confront with immune system, and the complement system and can cause death in the cell. The aim of this study was to detect slyA, stn, sopB, Phop/Q and spvc genes in Salmonella typhimurium strains isolated from clinical samples by the multiplex PCR method and to determine antibiotic resistance patterns. Material and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, in 2016, 60 stool samples in order to identify Salmonella typhimurium from Alborz-Karaj Hospital were collected. After confirmation of the strains by using standard biochemical and microbiological tests, an antibiotic susceptibility test was performed on a Muller Hinton Agar medium and based on Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Multiplex PCR assay was performed to detect virulence genes using specific primers. Results: The results of the antibiotic susceptibility test showed that all isolates were sensitive to imipenem, gentamicin and amikacin. Also, molecular findings showed that the prevalence rates of Phop/Q, slyA and stn genes were 100%, 98.3%, and 91.6%, respectively. While sopB and Spvc genes were not observed in isolates of Salmonella typhimurium. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the prevalence of virulence genes in clinical Salmonella typhimurium isolates can serve as an alarm for the prevalence of these genes to the other Salmonella serotypes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Stylistic Analysis of Shahr-ashoubs of Mas'ud-e-Sa'd-e-Salman
Parvin Bekhradi Sirous Shamisa Abdol Reza Modarres ZadehShahr-ashoubs are a cycle of poems in the Qa`t`a form describing trades, manner of traders,amusements or satirize people and places and “Mas'ud-e Sa'd-e Salmaan” is the creator of the Shahr-ashoub genre . Mas'ud-e Sa MoreShahr-ashoubs are a cycle of poems in the Qa`t`a form describing trades, manner of traders,amusements or satirize people and places and “Mas'ud-e Sa'd-e Salmaan” is the creator of the Shahr-ashoub genre . Mas'ud-e Sa'd-e Salmaan” is among the great Persian language poets of the fifth and sixth century A.H. and known as the greatest imprisoned Persian poet. His poems are in all of forms of poems simill than Qasideh (ode), Ghazal (sonnet), Qa`t`a, and… The subjects of his qasayed (odes) include praise of the king and greats of the era, prison conditions and his torments from prison and the times. They have deemed Mas'ud-e sa'd the creator of the Mostazad form of poetry, and writer of the first chronogram. he aim of this article is the study of Mas'ud-e-Sa'd-e Salmaan's style of Shahr-ashoubs. The methods used to examine poetic stile includes the examination of the nuances in language, culture and thought of these poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - A study of protest poetry in the poems of famous poets of the Islamic Revolution Islamic Revolution
Reza Karimi Larimi Reza Forsati Joybari Hosein MansoryanIn the period of the Islamic Revolution, committed and committed poets to defend the values of the revolution and promote revolutionary ideas have expressed the facts and criticized the problems and issues of social, political, cultural, religious, moral, economic, etc. MoreIn the period of the Islamic Revolution, committed and committed poets to defend the values of the revolution and promote revolutionary ideas have expressed the facts and criticized the problems and issues of social, political, cultural, religious, moral, economic, etc. of their time, which These poems have been called "protest poems". Protest poetry as a nascent literary movement, a kind of social poetry and originates from the foundations of sustainability poetry. Among the poets; Tahereh Saffarzadeh, Simin Behbahani, Sepideh Kashani and Fatemeh Rakaei are among the women critical poets; This research tries to study the themes, methods of expression, tone and format of protest in the poems of famous poets after the Islamic Revolution in various fields (political, social, religious, moral, economic, cultural, etc.) and the common denominator and Examine the differences between their poems in this regard.This research has been done in a descriptive-analytical, statistical manner using library studies.Poets have a realistic and at the same time cross-border attitude in criticizing the problems of the country or human society; As their protest poems are a reflection of the socio-political conditions of society and time, and such poems in addition to the active presence of women poets in the political and literary arenas of society is a confirmation of the sociological theory of literature that always affects art from social and political contexts. Ultimately, the purposeof protest poetry is to preserve Islamic values, reform society, and combat injustice.The highest frequency of reflection of protest themes in Tahereh Saffarzadeh's poems and the lowest frequency is related to Sepideh Kashani, which has been composed in the form of Sepid, Nimai, Ghazal, Rubaei, etc. in political and social fields, respectively. These protests are global (foreign) and sometimes domestic, where the first type of protests revolves around protests against the policies of world powers, and domestic protests are related to injustices in society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - The Study of Elements of Modernism in Asghar Elahi’s Novel Salmargi
Rana Jamshidbeigi Abdolali OveisikahkhaModernism was a literary and artistic reaction to modernity and the resulting changes. It was greatly influenced by new sciences such as psychology that emerged in the late nineteenth century and had a profound effect on the novel, which is one of the most important lit MoreModernism was a literary and artistic reaction to modernity and the resulting changes. It was greatly influenced by new sciences such as psychology that emerged in the late nineteenth century and had a profound effect on the novel, which is one of the most important literary genres, which led to the creation of the modern novel. The modern novel operates differently from the classic novel; In this way, it deals with human beings and their psycho more than anything else, and its authors use new techniques in their works to express their goals, which did not exist in the classic novel. Some Iranian writers have modeled on modern world literature and written valuable works based on the components of this trend. In this research, the author uses the library resources in a descriptive-analytical way to study the components of modernism in Asghar Elahi's novel Salmargi to help introduce modernism and its features more fully and to be one of the most valuable Iranian novels that can serve as a model for authors. The authors aim at introducing the novel as a model for those interested in Iranian novels and scholars of this current and modern Iranian literature. The findings of this study show that Elahi has masterfully used some of the most important components of modernism such as psychological knowledge, dealing with the mind and psyche of characters, fluid stream of consciousness, recreating myths, anti-heroes, multiple narrators, ambiguity, identity, escalation and anti-idealism in his novel. He has created an admirable modernist work. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - allegorical motifs- mystical Gnostic in book Jamshid and Khorshid Salman Savedji
Zahra Rajablou Mandana AlimiJamshid and Khorshid book written by Salman Savedji is a symbolic and allegorical book that all of its components are unified structure. This book shows familiarity of him with rich heritage of literary, cultural and spiritual legacy of the previous periods in addition MoreJamshid and Khorshid book written by Salman Savedji is a symbolic and allegorical book that all of its components are unified structure. This book shows familiarity of him with rich heritage of literary, cultural and spiritual legacy of the previous periods in addition to showing strength of him in his storytelling and joining of various materials. Part of this heritage belongs to the wisdom of the Gnostic thoughts and Manu and Hermes. The purpose of this article is to show traces of these ideas in the book Jamshid and Khorshid. In this paper, after introducing and explaining the Gnostic ideas and the history of Iranian civilization, the influence of Gnostic themes, including the duality of matter and spirit, love, sleep, travel, mediating and testing were shown in this book. Analysis of this work is in fact offering a fresh interpretation of the purpose of the query. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Estimation of sugarcane field temperature using Split Window Algorithm and OLI LandSat 8 satellite images
Shadman Veysi Abd Ali Naseri Saeid Hamzeh Poria MoradiLand Surface Temperature (LST) is one of important parameters that is measured using Remote-sensing tools and thermal bands of satellites. The importance of this issue is revealed when direct effects of temperature are shown on the increase and decrease of evaporation, MoreLand Surface Temperature (LST) is one of important parameters that is measured using Remote-sensing tools and thermal bands of satellites. The importance of this issue is revealed when direct effects of temperature are shown on the increase and decrease of evaporation, evapotranspiration and as a result, the moisture content changes in the plant. In this study, the temperature of sugarcane canopy cover was measured by LandSat 8 satellite data in 8 sugarcane fields out of Salman Farsi Sugacane Industry involving 5 points from each field (totally 40 points); these points were irrigated in different days and measured by the infrared thermometer. The points were selected at the edges of fields with the intervals of 30 m in order to avoid the combination of them with the pixels with no vegetation. To calibrate the Split Window (SW) algorithm, the input data of water evaporation, emissivity and transmittance as well as LandSat 8 satellite images were applied. Results have shown that the estimation of vegetation temperature of sugarcane fields in different days of irrigation was of an acceptable accuracy. Also, in the points with the same vegetation, irrigation is the main factor for the changes of temperature. In this research, Residual Mean Error Square (RMSe), and Mean Average Error for the measured field temperature and extracted one by the satellite images were given as 0.925 and 0.766 °C, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Investigation about the Mutagenic and Carcinogenic Effects Of Bismuth Nanoparticles with Using Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and Rat Liver Microsomes
Bahar Shams Kilani Sedighe Mehrabian Farzaneh HosseiniIntroduction and Objective:The usage of nanoparticles is growing in various fields due to their low cost, high efficiency and antimicrobial properties. Therefore, their potential hazards should also be considered and used at concentrations that have not mutagenic or car MoreIntroduction and Objective:The usage of nanoparticles is growing in various fields due to their low cost, high efficiency and antimicrobial properties. Therefore, their potential hazards should also be considered and used at concentrations that have not mutagenic or carcinogenic effects. This study aimed to assess the mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of Bismuth nanoparticles with a size of 56nm, and the concentrations of 156.25,78.1, 39.1 ppm .Materials and Methods: In this study, we utilize the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium TA100Firstly, the purity of the strains was confirmed in terms of purity of mutagenic properties. Then the different concentration of Bismuth nanoparticles was separately added to minimal glucose agar medium containing TA100. Subsequently, they were compared against the positive control ( samples containing mutated bacteria and sodium azide ) and negative control ( containing mutated bacteria and distilled water ). In the next phase of this research the rat liver micrsomes was separately added to the minimal glucose agar medium containing the suspected carcinogenic Bismuth nanoparticles , and negative and positive controls and all back colonies were counted.Results:The number of revertant colonies the treated plates with S9 is decreased and it means mutagenic and carcinogenic effect of Bismuth nanoparticles with S9 is decreased.Conclusion:The results of the present study shows that the Bismuth nanoparticles at concentrations examined had no mutagenic and carcinogenic effect Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Investigation about the Mutagenic and Carcinogenic Effects of Probiotice Bacteria with Using Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and Rat Liver Microsomes(S9)
maryam EKrami ُSedigheh mehrabian Robab Rafiei TabatabeiInroduction & Objective: Probiotic bacteria is potential hazards should also be considered and used at concentrations that have not mutagenic or carcinogenic effects. This study aimed to assess Investigation about the Mutagenic and Carcinogenic Effects of Prob MoreInroduction & Objective: Probiotic bacteria is potential hazards should also be considered and used at concentrations that have not mutagenic or carcinogenic effects. This study aimed to assess Investigation about the Mutagenic and Carcinogenic Effects of Probiotice Bacteria with Using Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and Rat Liver Microsomes(S9). Material and Methods:In this study, we utilize the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium TA100. Firstly, the purity of the strains was confirmed in terms of purity of mutagenic properties. In the next phase of this research the rat liver micrsomes was separately added to the minimal glucose agar medium containing the suspected carcinogenic, andprobiotice bacteria negative and positive controls and all back colonies were counted. Results: The number of revertant colonies the treated plates with S9 is decreased and it means mutagenic and carcinogenic effect of probiotice bacteria with S9 is decreased. Conclusion: The results of the present study shows that the probiotice bacteria at concentrations examined had no mutagenic and carcinogenic effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - The Analysis Of mystical Allusions In Divan-e- Salman-e-Saveji
Mohammad taghi Ghandi Jalil Tajlil.An analytic Study through the Divan-e- Salman-e- Saveji reveals the fact that in love mysticism, he is greetely influenced by the distinguished figures such as Ibn-e- Arabi, Moulavi and Hafez. Going through his poems, the presence of mysticism in various forms is vivid More.An analytic Study through the Divan-e- Salman-e- Saveji reveals the fact that in love mysticism, he is greetely influenced by the distinguished figures such as Ibn-e- Arabi, Moulavi and Hafez. Going through his poems, the presence of mysticism in various forms is vividly understood. Like his sonnets, the odes, written to give his compliments to those who have been admired by him however, is full of mystical lessons. Beauties and affections have been so highlited in Salman’s poems that they can be valued the same as masterpices left by Hafez and Sa’di. Salman is one of the followers of pantheism and illumination. His poems are characterized to be against hypocritical asceticism, but in favor of roguishness. Love and pantheism have been known to be the main themes of his poems and the core of his allusions. From his joyful point of view, the reality of life can be found in true love. In the appraisal sonnets and odes, a mixture of romantic deep feelings and a mystical look upon the universe, forms Salman’s attitude and life style. From this aspect, Salman has inherited his ancestors’ mystical tradition and pantheism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Mystical Nostalgia of Khaju Kermani and Salman Savoji
Somayyeh Abdullahi Nejad Mohammadreza Zaman Ahmadi Abdurreza MoharreszadehLanguage is the most important tool for communication by means of which human being can express his or her meanings and various needs. One of such needs is expression of envy, homesickness, and grief for the past called nostalgia. The sense of nostalgia is mingled with MoreLanguage is the most important tool for communication by means of which human being can express his or her meanings and various needs. One of such needs is expression of envy, homesickness, and grief for the past called nostalgia. The sense of nostalgia is mingled with the thinking, sensation, and behavior of humankind. In Sufism and Islamic mysticism, nostalgia is remarkable presence having meaningful dimensions and various interpretations. In addition, nostalgia is the most impressive psychological activities in Persian literature, especially in the eighth century for which there are two mystical poets, namely Khaju Kermani and Salman Savoji. This paper investigates through descriptive analytic methodology aimed at the study of the poems by Khaju Kermani and Salman Savoji on the mystical nostalgia to explain the different types of nostalgia and the causes pertinent to that notion from their standpoint. The most significant thing this paper accomplishes is the identification of various factors affecting the mind and thought of the poet and its reflection on the better understanding and relation with their poems. The original staying away from home country and real beloved is the nostalgic themes of their works. The results of this paper explains why Salman Savoji, like Khaju Kermani, has felt the mystical nostalgia arisen from distance from real beloved and original homeland. After a short introduction on the multifaceted concepts of traditional, modern, and postmodern nostalgia, the writer deals with the explanation and account of nostalgic idea and its subdivisions in Khaju Kermani’s and Salman Savoji’s divans with reference to dictionaries and reference sources and articles, and thereafter, he mentions some evidences of their literature for each subject matter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Study on the efficacy of different control methods of vine cicada, Psalmocharias alhageos (Hem., Cicadidae) in Qom province
H. Valizadeh H. FarazmandVine cicada, Psalmocharias alhageos (Hem., Cicadidae), is one of the period important pests of vine trees in Iran. Main damage of P. alhageos is caused by long feeding period of nymphs on the vine roots and laying eggs of females under the bark of the shoots. The adults MoreVine cicada, Psalmocharias alhageos (Hem., Cicadidae), is one of the period important pests of vine trees in Iran. Main damage of P. alhageos is caused by long feeding period of nymphs on the vine roots and laying eggs of females under the bark of the shoots. The adults appear from mid May in Qom region. Three insecticides: Diazinon (10% granule), Carbaryl (Sevin® 85%) and Imidacloprid (Confidor® SC350) by soil application and gardening activities (pruning of top branches and shoveling of soil under vines) were compared. In this study The treatments were compared with the number of nymphal exuviae under vines and grape vine yield. The results showed that the maximum number of nymphal exuviae was recorded on the control treatment (14.2) and the minimum was on trees using the treatment of Imidacloprid (4.9). The highest and lowest of grape yield were recorded in Imidacloprid (54.1 kg) and control (15.7 kg) treatments, respectively. Based on treatments ranking, application of Imidacloprid (20 ml at each vine tree) at nymphs emergence time from soil was effective in decreasing of vine cicada damage and increasing of the grape vine yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Investigating the antimicrobial properties of the medicinal plants Psidium guajava, Nerium oleander, Sinapis alba, Satureja hortensis against Salmonella typhimurium.
Betol Heydari Sadegh Reza Rouhani Nages Dahmardeh Fereshteh JavadianSalmonellosis is one of the most important common diseases of humans and animals worldwide, which causes food poisoning, gastroenteritis, enteric fever and bacteremia in humans. The purpose of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial properties of the medicinal pl MoreSalmonellosis is one of the most important common diseases of humans and animals worldwide, which causes food poisoning, gastroenteritis, enteric fever and bacteremia in humans. The purpose of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial properties of the medicinal plants Psidium guajava, Nerium oleander, Sinapis alba, Satureja hortensis on Salmonella Typhimurium.Materials and methods:Salmonella typhimurium samples were isolated from poultry feces, extracts of Psidium guajava, Nerium oleander, Sinapis alba, Satureja hortensis plants were prepared using a rotary device, and the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum lethal concentration were determined by the microdilution method, and the diameter of the inhibition zone was determined by the well method.Results:The results of the investigation of the inhibition halo diameter of plant extracts showed that the maximum and minimum inhibition halo diameters of P.guajava plant extract were 8 and 1 mm, and the maximum and minimum inhibition halo diameters of N.oleander flower extract were 15 and 1 mm. The maximum and minimum diameters of the inhibition zone of S.alba extract on Salmonella typhimurium were 12 and 1 mm, and the minimum and maximum diameters of the inhibition zone of S.hortensis extract on Salmonella typhimurium were 1 and 4 mm, and the results showed that that the smallest diameter of the inhibition halo was related to the salty extract.Discuss:The results of this study showed that medicinal plants have shown good inhibitory effects on Salmonella Typhimurium. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Studying the prevalence of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella in water, fruit juice and traditional ice creams offered in Qom city, Iran
Seyed erfan Hosseini nasab Ebrahim Rahimi Najmeh Vahed dehkordiBackground and purpose: pathogenic bacteria in food are the cause of many infections and food poisoning. The prevalence of bacterial contamination is high in developing countries, and Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella and Escherichia coli account for the highest amount MoreBackground and purpose: pathogenic bacteria in food are the cause of many infections and food poisoning. The prevalence of bacterial contamination is high in developing countries, and Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella and Escherichia coli account for the highest amount of food contamination; Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella in water, fruit juice and traditional ice creams offered in Qom city, Iran.Research method: In the present study, 300 samples, including 100 water samples, 100 fruit juice samples, and 100 traditional ice cream samples, were taken from supply centers, sampled and transferred to the food hygiene laboratory of Shahrekord Azad University. SPSS version 26 statistical software and Kai-Hat statistical test were used for data analysis. A significant level (P<00.05) was considered.Findings: The results showed that out of 300 studied samples, 170 samples were infected with pathogenic microorganisms. In this way, the amount of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella contamination in water was 1, 16 and 2 samples, in traditional fruit juice 8, 46 and 26 samples and in traditional ice cream 8, 59 and 28 samples.Conclusion: According to the present results, it is necessary to refrain from consuming traditional fruit juice and traditional ice cream in centers that have unfavorable health conditions and to use purified water, and if there is no purified water before Boiled water should be consumed to prevent food-borne diseases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Comparison of Mystic Lady Umme Salme Beygum Nirizi Shiite Mysticism with Qutbuddin Nirizi
Nasrin Khodabande Mahin PanahiThe purpose of the present research was to compare the Shiite mysticism in Jame Al-Kulliyat by Umme Salme Beygum Nirizi a Mystic lady, with Fasl Al-Khetab by Qutbuddin Nirizi. The statistical population was Shiite mysticism books. The studied sample was Jame Al-Kulliyat MoreThe purpose of the present research was to compare the Shiite mysticism in Jame Al-Kulliyat by Umme Salme Beygum Nirizi a Mystic lady, with Fasl Al-Khetab by Qutbuddin Nirizi. The statistical population was Shiite mysticism books. The studied sample was Jame Al-Kulliyat and Fasl Al-Khetab.The research design was analytical-descriptive.The data was collected by library method and It was analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that the contents of the two works did not exactly match each other’s, however, both authors had considered the spirituall- mystical journey to be achievable by relying on the mystical school of Ahl al-Bayt and Shiite hadiths. But in general, there were common concepts between both that was more about theology and the knowledge of the divine essence. Also, while both works were influenced by the mystical school of Rumi, Attar and Shabestari. due to the Arabic writing of the book Fasl Al-Khetab, Qutbuddin could not use the works of these great Persian writers in his work but Umme Salme had implemeted the poems of these poets a lot. Although both were mystical-philosophical works, the work of Umme Salme Beygum considered more mystical aspects than the work of Qutbuddin and in Qutbuddin's book, the philosophical aspects were more prominent. Despite the similarity of the two works, due to the deep mystical content, Jame Al-Kulliyat was an independent work and not an imitation of the Fasl Al-Khetab, which was the result of the capable mind of this cultured Iranian lady. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - The Role of Umm Al-Salma's Management in the Battle of Jamal
Reza Moeini Roudbali Mohammad Keshavarze (Beyzaie) Ali NajarporianThe aim of the present study was the role of Umm al-Salma's management in the Battle of Jamal. The research universe included all the texts related to Umm al-Salmah; one of the Prophet's wives. The sample of the research was the managerial role of Umm al-Salmah in the B MoreThe aim of the present study was the role of Umm al-Salma's management in the Battle of Jamal. The research universe included all the texts related to Umm al-Salmah; one of the Prophet's wives. The sample of the research was the managerial role of Umm al-Salmah in the Battle of Jamel. The research was designed as descriptive-historical. Data was collected based on library information, documents and index note taking. The results showed that Umm Salma was aware of her significant and sensitive role among Muslims not only in the important events of the Prophet's era; but also during the era of Hazrat Ali (AS). She also supported him during the caliphate of Ali (AS). While rejecting the proposals of the initiator of the Battle of Jamal in the war against Hazrat Ali (a.s.), she tried to prevent Ayesha from going to Basra by reminding the Prophet of Islam speech that denoted Ali (AS) was the guardian of every believer. Umm Salma gave a speech to the Mohajarin(the emigrants) and Ansar(the supporters), asking for their support to Hazrat Ali (AS) and succeeded in dissuading many groups from accompanying the Jamal troops. Her dilouges with Ayesha before and after the Battle of Jamal emphasized her foresight towards the unity of Muslims. She revealed their plots and conspiracies by writing numerous letters to Hazrat Ali (AS). Referring to the words of the Messenger of Allah, who spoke about women staying at home during war, she sent her son Amr bin Abi Salama to help him in the war against the enemies. This issue made Umm Salma to be praised by Hazrat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Look at the imagery and emotion in the poems align with Salman Harati
ghasem mehravar giglou fateme modarresiSalman Harati (1338 -1365) committed one of the poets of the contemporary style of literature in the field of Islamic Revolution and is stable. Salman poetic language is the language of poetry, simple and insignificant. Salman plain language and strong, able to create b MoreSalman Harati (1338 -1365) committed one of the poets of the contemporary style of literature in the field of Islamic Revolution and is stable. Salman poetic language is the language of poetry, simple and insignificant. Salman plain language and strong, able to create beautiful images be. Is intended to present a descriptive - analytical imaging and align it with the emotion in the poems of Salman Harati to discuss and scrutinize. Outcome research suggests that the link between the poet's creative emotion, image and imagination. And logic-based interactive communication, which implies that the referential function, making out, and the poetic function is restored. Salman singing poems in various arts of poetic imagery, including metaphor, personification, metonymy, simile, synaethesia, irony, and the paradox …Has used. In the arts of Image, such as simile, metaphor, personification and synaethesia more with the emotion and sense of fun and irony and paradox of religious belief with social affection Salman Harati are consistent Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Analysis of the characterization aspects of Fereydoun's sons according to Adler's theories
Masoumeh Mohamadnejad Yadollah taleshiLiterature, Because of its broad nature, has thematic analogy with other humanities subject like psychology and it has ability of performing interdisciplinary research. Shahnameh is one of the most important works of Persian literature which its creator, Ferdowsi, descr MoreLiterature, Because of its broad nature, has thematic analogy with other humanities subject like psychology and it has ability of performing interdisciplinary research. Shahnameh is one of the most important works of Persian literature which its creator, Ferdowsi, describes its key characters in such a way that one can obtain their Hidden psychological and personality aspects with psychological analysis. This implies poet’s careful look at human psyche and nature. Among these characters one can mention Fereydoon’s sons which Ferdowsi describes their behavior and motivation. By considering this descriptions and signs and comparison of them, one can conclude that Tur and Salm’s Neurosis leads to the death of Iraj. Between characters of Fereydoon tale, Tur and salm are anti-heroes which in this paper their psychological motives of their behavior are supposed to be because of humiliation Obsession. Based on Ferdowsi’s report, neurosis of Tur and Salm is because of: dissatisfaction of their share, being upset by the father, exile from the place of birth and fame of Iraj between guards. In addition, some of the Behavioral characteristics of Tur and Salm which lead to Fratricide are: greed or avarice, anger, hatred, envy and jealousy, arrogance, and fear. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Common themes in the poems of Salman Harati and Badr Shaker Al-Sayyab based on the "Anshudat al-Matar"
Razieh Karamad hosein shamsabadi Comperative literature deals with the comparison and balance between literary works and this article is an adaptive attempt to express some of the common themes in the works of Salman Herati, the Persian poet, and the Arabic poet Badr Shaker al-Sayab, the Arabic More Comperative literature deals with the comparison and balance between literary works and this article is an adaptive attempt to express some of the common themes in the works of Salman Herati, the Persian poet, and the Arabic poet Badr Shaker al-Sayab, the Arabic poet. Both poets have loved their homeland and portrayed it as a living creature. Salman Harati is interwoven intellect and love and spirituality in the description of the homeland. The two poets complain about the neglect of the people in their poems and at the same time give them the promise of a better and brighter future. Salman Herati brings hope to future with the concept of expectation, and al-Sayab, utilizing the symbol of rain, reflects this hope. Badr Shaker al-Sayyab and Salman Herati help to express what they can't say explicitly from various symbols such as night, rain, animals, etc. This is more complexity in Sayyab's poems since he did it with myths. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Evaluation of the prevalence of Salmonella infection and tetracycline resistance genes in poultry samples obtained from stores in Zahedan
Robabeh Eftekhari-Nejad Babak KheirkhahSalmonellosis is the most important form of bacterial infection in humans and animals caused by the non-typhoid salmonella family. Salmonella infection is the most common cause of foodborne infections. One of the most important sources of Salmonella contamination is pou MoreSalmonellosis is the most important form of bacterial infection in humans and animals caused by the non-typhoid salmonella family. Salmonella infection is the most common cause of foodborne infections. One of the most important sources of Salmonella contamination is poultry and meat products. In the last two decades, the emergence of Salmonella resistant to common antibiotics has increased the problems of Salmonella contamination in meat products. Transmission of these resistant bacteria to humans makes the treatment process difficult and lengthy. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Salmonella bacteria and tetA and tetB resistance genes from poultry stores in Zahedan. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, Salmonella isolates were isolated from 130 poultry stores in Zahedan based on standard methods published by OIE and FDA. The results of this study show that only 6.15% of the samples were Salmonella and 3.07% were Salmonella typhimurium strains. Examination of the frequency of resistance genes in isolated samples in the present study shows that in 50% of Salmonella isolates, none of the tetA or tetB resistance genes was detected, while in the other 50%, only the tetB resistance gene was identified. The presence of tetracycline resistance genes in Salmonella isolates suggests that the use of antibiotics in the poultry industry should be controlled and more carefully used to reduce the frequency of these genes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Historical survey about Seyyed Jalaleddin Ashraf
ebrahim bavafadalivand arash aghajanpoorAbstract The area of Guilan has long been the sanctuary of the Prophet's family (Peace be upon him), Sadat, and Alavian. Sadat and Alavian, because of Historical reasons and familiarity of people, The Prophet and Shiite family chose Guilan Zone to Continue Struggle wit MoreAbstract The area of Guilan has long been the sanctuary of the Prophet's family (Peace be upon him), Sadat, and Alavian. Sadat and Alavian, because of Historical reasons and familiarity of people, The Prophet and Shiite family chose Guilan Zone to Continue Struggle with the Caliphate as their lodging and shelter. Hence, among the provinces of Iran, Land of Guilan in terms of The tombs of the Ahlul-Bayt family has a special place. One of the graves related to them, is the grave of Seyyed Jalaleddin Ashraf that In some contemporary texts, It was regarded to the son of Imam Musa Kazem (Peace be upon him) And in others, It was considered Zaidi Imams religion. This paper is a comparative study of contemporary reports, and the review of historical texts and field studies around the grave of Seyyed Jalaleddin Ashraf. It seems that for historical reasons this tomb can belong to Jalaleddin Hezaraspee or Jalal Al-Din Hassan Nomosalman. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Salmiye islamic center
rajabali vosoghimotlaghShia ismaili sect,which is a branch of its activities officially began in the late second century . There are many reasons for the rapid spread of ismaili doctrines and their thinking involved ,but especially when dealing malfunction states bani abbas outrageous than th MoreShia ismaili sect,which is a branch of its activities officially began in the late second century . There are many reasons for the rapid spread of ismaili doctrines and their thinking involved ,but especially when dealing malfunction states bani abbas outrageous than the shias undoubtedly had influece over all history shows evidence that Salmiye ismailis in Syrias political and military activities has been the first base. This activity ,which first revealed his secret to his shadow gradually spread through out the moslim word. Insome places like Egypt and Bahrain ,they were able to form government . Considering the importance of this study is to position the centers salmiye of different dimensions obeyed and review. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - A Study Diversity of Morphological Characters of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta fario) in Tajan River and Babolrud River in Mazandaran Province
S. Vatandost Gh.H. Vosoghi Sh.A. Nezami A. Abdoli A. Matin farThe study was conducted to determine suitable characters for separating brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) populations from Tajan River and Babolrud River in autumn 2006. Using electrofishing, one hundred two specimens were collected in two rivers (forty one from Shirinru MoreThe study was conducted to determine suitable characters for separating brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) populations from Tajan River and Babolrud River in autumn 2006. Using electrofishing, one hundred two specimens were collected in two rivers (forty one from Shirinrud, thirty one from Ashekrud, thirty from Kelyareh). Twenty nine morphometric and seven meristic characters were analysed. Using PCA, the best separating characters of populations were determined. Among the morphometric characters, six factors accounted for about 79% of variation within individuals of the three populations including: head width, inter orbital length, predorsal length, pecto-ventral length, mandibular length, total length, head length , eye diameter , pectoral fin length, head depth, postdorsal length , post ventral length ,caudal peduncle length, post anal Length, Adipose fin length. In the case of meristic characters, three factors accounted for 60% of variation within populations including: anal fin ray, gill rackers, dorsal fin ray. The results showed that meristic characters are more important than morphometric characters in serparation of populations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Molecular Identification of beta-lactamase genes (PER, VEB & GES)in Salmonella Enteritidis isolated from poultry meat by Multiplex-PCR
M. Esfandian Gh. MoradliSalmonellosis is an important disease in animals and human which is caused by different serovars of Salmonellaenterica. SerovarsEnteritidis is one of the most prevalent sorvars in animals and poultry and also is the food-borne pathogen. The aim of this study is to ident MoreSalmonellosis is an important disease in animals and human which is caused by different serovars of Salmonellaenterica. SerovarsEnteritidis is one of the most prevalent sorvars in animals and poultry and also is the food-borne pathogen. The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence of blaVEB, blaPER and blaGES in SalmonellaEnteritidis isolated from chicken samples.In this study, 60 Salmonella samples isolated from chickens were collected and confirmed as Salmonella by culture and biochemical tests. Serotyping was performed using O and H antisera. Multiplex-PCR was done for identification of ESBL genes including blaPER, blaVEB and blaGES. The serotyping results showed that all of the 60 samples belonged to group D and serovarEnteritidis. Among 60 samples, 3 had the blaPER, 2 had the blaVEb and 1harboured the blaGES gene.Antibiogram results showed the most resistance was to ceftazidime (64%) and the most susceptibility was to meropeneme and ceftizoxime (92%). As regards Salmonella is a food-borne bacteria, the presence of ESBL in food samples even in small numbers can be a serious alarm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Molecular characterization of quinolone resistance genes (qnr) in Salmonella typhimurium isolated from food samples
K. Amini T. Ghaseminezhad Raeini B. KheirkhahSalmonellosis is an important disease in animals and human which is caused by different serovars of Salmonella ‎enterica. Serovars Typhimurium is one of the most prevalent sorvars in humans. Quinolones and floroquinolones ‎are the family of extended-spectrum ant MoreSalmonellosis is an important disease in animals and human which is caused by different serovars of Salmonella ‎enterica. Serovars Typhimurium is one of the most prevalent sorvars in humans. Quinolones and floroquinolones ‎are the family of extended-spectrum antibiotics which are used in salmonellosis treatment. Qnr genes are the ‎plasmid-mediated quinolones resistance which leads to resistance in Enterobacteiacea. The aim of this study is ‎identification of quinolone resistance genes qnr in Salmonella Typhimurium isolated from food samples. In this ‎study, 60 Salmonella samples isolated from food was collected and confirmed by culture and biochemical tests. ‎Serotyping was done by O and H antisera. Multiplex-PCR‏ ‏‎ was performed to identify qnrA, qnrB and qnrS genes. ‎All of the 60 isolates were confirmed as Salmonella by culture and biochemical tests. The results of serotyping ‎showed all the 60 isolates were belonged to serogroup B and serovar Typhimurium. Multiplex-PCR test showed 5 ‎samples had the qnrB, 4 had the qnrS and 1 harboured qnrA gene. The results of this study shows the presence of ‎qnr genes in Salmonella Typhimurium isolated from food samples which has a specific public health importance. ‎Therefore, there should be sureveillance and montoring programs to prevent this quinolone resistance.‎ Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Determining the microbial and chemical characteristics of shrimps supplied in Abadan city
Mohammad Narimisa Ebrahim RahimiShrimp is one of the most popular sources of marine protein worldwide. Due to its high nutritional and economic value, this aquatic product is a major export product in many countries. The shrimp industry includes a significant percentage of all aquaculture products. Co MoreShrimp is one of the most popular sources of marine protein worldwide. Due to its high nutritional and economic value, this aquatic product is a major export product in many countries. The shrimp industry includes a significant percentage of all aquaculture products. Contamination of shrimp with pathogenic microorganisms can endanger the health of the consumers. In this regard, the aim of this study is to determine the microbial and chemical characteristics of shrimps supplied in Abadan city. A total of 100 shrimp samples were taken from Abadan city in a simple random manner and transferred to the specialized food hygiene laboratory of Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord branch, in an ice flask and under sterile conditions and microbial tests included Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella as well as total count and TVN test were performed on the shrimp samples. The results showed that the contamination rate with S. aureus, Salmonella, and E. coli was 14%, 7%, and 2%, respectively. The total count, TVN, and coliform contamination were within the acceptable range. Due to the high importance of E. coli and Salmonella pathogenic microorganisms, it is necessary to monitor closely and as many regulatory institutions as possible to reduce the pollution load. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) essential oil composition and its antimicrobial effect on Salmonella typhimurium
بهراد Radmehr کاوه Khamda افشین Rajabi KhoramiConsumers' interest over natural preservatives and their application as food ingredients is growing, which encourage complementary researches on various natural antimicrobials such as plant essential oils. Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.), is a plant that is used as a flavourin MoreConsumers' interest over natural preservatives and their application as food ingredients is growing, which encourage complementary researches on various natural antimicrobials such as plant essential oils. Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.), is a plant that is used as a flavouring agent in Iranian traditional foods. Therefore, in this study Sumac essential oil composition and antimicrobial activity was evaluated. Sumac ssential oil was extracted with distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography method. Antimicrobial effect of Sumac essential oil against Salmonella typhimurium, that is considers as one of important pathogen in food, was evaluated. Antimicrobial effect of essential oil was evaluated by measuring turbidity as a result of bacterial growth at a broth media by Bioscreen C instrument at 35°C. Result showed that the most important fraction of essential oil that may have antimicrobial effect is Caryophyllen. Although Sumac essential oil had bacteriostatic effect at low concentration of 30 ppm, it showed bactericidal activity at high concentration of 1000 ppm. It could be concluded that, Sumac essential oil by its antimicrobial fractions can be used to control the growth of Salmonella typhimurium in food stuff. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - In vitro assessment of antimicrobial effect of methanolic extract of Peganum harmala against some important foodborne bacterial pathogens
طیبه zeinali محمد Mohsenzadeh رویا Rezaeian-Doloei رویا NabipourFoodborne bacterial pathogens play an important role in food infections/intoxications in human population. With ever increasing the number of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, there is an attempt to use the antimicrobial properties of herbs. Peganum harmala is a m MoreFoodborne bacterial pathogens play an important role in food infections/intoxications in human population. With ever increasing the number of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, there is an attempt to use the antimicrobial properties of herbs. Peganum harmala is a medicinal plant of Iraniantraditional medicine which was used as an antiseptic in the past. Amongthe foodborne bacterial pathogens, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes are considered as the most important and hazardous pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of methanolic extract of Peganum harmala against these bacteria in vitro. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of methanolic extract of Peganum harmala was determined against three foodborne bacterial pathogens by micro-dilution method in Muller-Hinton broth. According to the results, MIC for E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium was 1.56 mg/ml. In the case of L. monocytogenes, it was estimated at 0.78 mg/ml. Moreover, results revealed that MBC for these organisms was similar to MIC concentrations. Regarding the results, Peganum harmala can be used as an ingredient in the formula of the disinfectants applied in the food systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Contamination of Fresh Beef to Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis in Sanandaj during 2012
هیوا Karimi Darehabi فرزین Esmailneshad کیوان Ebrahimi mohammadi Salmonella infection is among the main food-borne gastrointestinal disease. Meat has been recognized as a major source of human illness caused by Salmonella serovars. The presence of Salmonella was detected in 60 samples of fresh beef from retailsof Sananda More Salmonella infection is among the main food-borne gastrointestinal disease. Meat has been recognized as a major source of human illness caused by Salmonella serovars. The presence of Salmonella was detected in 60 samples of fresh beef from retailsof Sanandaj. The presence of Salmonella was assessed by conventional culture method and confirmed by PCR assay. To confirm the identification of isolated colonies as Salmonella spp. and determining serovars as typhimuriumand enteritidisserovars, a multiplex PCR assay, using three pairs of primers were employed. S141 and S139 for InvAgene, specific for the genus of Salmonella, Fli15 and Tym for FliCgene, specific for typhimurium serovar and Prot6e-5 and Prot6e-6 for Prot6E gene, specific for Enteritidisserovar.12 samples 20% were determined as contaminated with Salmonella sppwith microbial culture method but with PCR method only seven samples 11.66% were confirmed. 4 samples (6.6%) of isolated colonies were confirmed as SalmonellaTyphimuriumand any number of isolated colonies were confirmed as Salmonella Enteritidis , the other isolated colonis were belong to other salmonella serovars. This study showed a relatively highprevalence of salmonella in fresh beef from Sanandaj. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Isolation and identification of Salmonella typhimurium from raw cow, sheep and goat milk in Chahamaha Va Bakhteyari Province
فروغ Tajbakhsh ابراهیم Rahimi الهه Tajbakhsh Salmonella typhimurium and S. enteritidisare known as the major causes of food-borne infection throughout the world. The present study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of S. typhimurium in raw milks of Chahamaha Va Bakhteyari province. For this More Salmonella typhimurium and S. enteritidisare known as the major causes of food-borne infection throughout the world. The present study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of S. typhimurium in raw milks of Chahamaha Va Bakhteyari province. For this reason, a total of 550 raw milks (consisting of 200 cow, 175 sheep and 175 goat milk samples) were collected through October 2011 to March 2012 from dairy herds around Shahrekord. The samples were cultured and the isolated colonies were confirmed by PCR using species-specific ST11 and ST15 primers. According to the results, a total of 20 samples (3.63%) were found positive for Salmonellaspp.Amongst, 14 (2.54%) of cow milk, 2 (0.36%) of sheep milk and 4 (0.72%) of goat milk samples were contaminated. Using PCR, 9 (1.63%) samples were contaminated with S. typhimurium. The results indicated a relatively high occurrence of S. typhimurium in raw milks. Therefore, it is essential to maintain hygienic measures during milking and handling. Besides, it is recommended not to use raw milk for the manufacturing of dairy products such as cheese and ice-cream. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Isolation of Salmonella from Iranian broiler breeder farms and feed
Mansour Mayahi Forough Talazade Ramezan Ali Jafari Vahid Keshavarz ZamanianContamination of poultry by salmonella spp. is an important issue both in the field of public health as well as in the poultry industry and poultry have a significant role in transmission and incidence of human salmonellosis. The aim of the present study was isolation a MoreContamination of poultry by salmonella spp. is an important issue both in the field of public health as well as in the poultry industry and poultry have a significant role in transmission and incidence of human salmonellosis. The aim of the present study was isolation and identification of Salmonella spp. in Iranian broiler breeder farms and their feed. Samples from Sixty two broiler breeder farms and their feed from 21 states of Iran were collected during one year. All samples were cultured in different conventional media, including pre-enrichment, enrichment, selective plating and 18 Salmonella isolates were identified. Salmonella identification was confirmed by multiplex PCR and 12 isolates were confirmed. Out of positive samples, seven samples (58.33%) were Salmonella enteritidis in Ghazvin, Mazandaran and Markazi provinces, three samples (25%) were Salmonella infantis in Kordestan and southern Khorasan provinces, and two samples (16.6%) were Salmonella typhimurium in Fars and Lorestan provinces. All feed samples were negative. The results of this study showed that some breeder farms in Iran are contaminated with Salmonella and the most prominent Salmonella inbroiler breeder farms are Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella infantis, and Salmonella typhimurium respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Determination of serogroup and antibiotic resistance pattern of Salmonellas isolated from commercial laying poultry of Tabriz area
Mokhtar Sabeghy Younes AnzabiSalmonellosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases. Using a variety of antibiotics is the key to reducing the incidence and mortality associated with Salmonella infections. However, incorrect use of antibiotics in commercial poultry farms may lead to the emerg MoreSalmonellosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases. Using a variety of antibiotics is the key to reducing the incidence and mortality associated with Salmonella infections. However, incorrect use of antibiotics in commercial poultry farms may lead to the emergence of antibiotic resistance and consequently inadequate antimicrobial drugs. Also, the transfer of antibiotic-resistant strains to humans through the food chain could also be a public health threat. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the serogroup and antibiotic resistance pattern in Salmonella isolates from 8 commercial laying herds in Tabriz area. For this purpose, after isolation of Salmonella from different samples, the isolates were tested by specific antisera and then their antibiotic resistance pattern was determined using disk diffusion method (based on Kirby-Bauer method) against the 6 types of antibiotics used in the poultry industry in Iran (Enrofloxacin, Fluorphenicol, Fosphomycin, Lincospectin, Soltream and Doxycycline) and 6 types of antibiotics used in humans (Gentamicin, Co-amoxiclav, Ciprofloxacin, Cefalexin, Cefotaxime and Ceftriaxone). From the 96 tested samples, 16 isolates of Salmonella were identified with 10 isolates belonging to serogroup D but 6 isolates did not belong to any of the tested serogroups. Also, all isolates were sensitive to Gentamycin and Fosfomycin and the highest resistance was observed towards Doxycycline with an abundance of 83.35%. The relatively high prevalence of drug resistance among Salmonella isolates from commercial laying poultry showed that antibiotics should be administered with more caution and care. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Evaluation of antibiotic resistance patterns and the presence of spvR virulence gene in salmonella isolated from the liver and ovary of industrial layer farms in East Azarbaijan province
amir allahyari Hossein Nikpiran Younes AnzabiInfection with salmonella bacteria causes chronic and acute diseases in poultry that can cause significant economic losses to the poultry industry. SThe aim of the current study was to evaluate antibiotic resistance in salmonella infected layer flocks of East Azarbaijan MoreInfection with salmonella bacteria causes chronic and acute diseases in poultry that can cause significant economic losses to the poultry industry. SThe aim of the current study was to evaluate antibiotic resistance in salmonella infected layer flocks of East Azarbaijan province and to determine the presence of spvR virulence gene in isolated samples. A total of 200 liver and ovary samples were taken from 45 salmonella suspected flocks and cultured in selective and differential growth medium of salmonella. Antibiogram test to determine antibiotic sensitivity was done following isolation of bacteria. PCR was used to determine the presence of spvR gene with specific primers. The results indicated all isolates were resistant to Erythromycin, Tetracycline, and Trimethoprim-Sulphamethoxazole, and the highest antibiotic resistance was against Doxycycline 94.3%, Danofloxacin 92.6% and Florfenicol 91.7%. Also, the highest sensitivity was against Fosfomycin 94.7%, and Enrofloxacin 74.2%. Results of molecular tests indicated that the spvR gene was present in the majority of layer flocks of East Azarbaijan province (in 88.46% of isolated salmonella). According to the results, it is necessary to prevent the spread of salmonella contamination amongst the laying hens in order to improve the poultry industry and the health of human communities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Evaluation of rapid detection and investigation of the presence of spv operon virulence genes in Salmonella isolates using simplex PCR and multiplex PCR molecular methods
Somayeh Yazdi-Amirkhiz Younes Anzabi Sanaz MahmaziThe traditional methods of diagnosing Salmonella which are time-consuming and sometimes problematic, are still used to identify Salmonella serotypes in clinical and food samples, but with the invention of rapid molecular detection methods, these problems have been large MoreThe traditional methods of diagnosing Salmonella which are time-consuming and sometimes problematic, are still used to identify Salmonella serotypes in clinical and food samples, but with the invention of rapid molecular detection methods, these problems have been largely eliminated. The present study aimed to rapidly detect different Salmonella isolates based on invA chromosomal gene search and also to identify acute isolates containing spv operon virulence genes. To this end, 20 human isolates of Salmonella were obtained from hospitals in Tabriz and 20 isolates of this bacterium were isolated from traditional cheese available on Tabriz consumer market. The molecular confirmation of isolates was first evaluated using specific primers of invA gene by simplex PCR method. Then, in order to evaluate the acute strains of the bacterium based on the presence of operon spv, the presence of spvA, B, C and R genes was examined by multiplex PCR using the relevant specific primers. The results showed that firstly, all isolates had molecular confirmation. Secondly, all 40 tested isolates had 3 spvA, C and R genes, but none of them had spvB gene. It seems that due to the limitations and problems in the traditional laboratory examination of Salmonella, PCR can be used as a rapid method to detect Salmonella infection. Also, the presence of 3 out of 4 virulence genes of opron spv in different Salmonella isolates in Tabriz region should be considered an undesirable finding, which emphasizes the need to further observe principles of control and prevention in animal and human communities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of Shirazi thyme (Zataria multifora) essential oil on Salmonella isolates from poultry and humans using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration method
zeynal zeynali Jalal Shayegh Shahin TofangdarzadehPlant essential oils are complex compounds of different chemical components with different amounts. These substances are one of the potential sources of antibacterial compounds and are very effective and useful for this purpose. The aim of this study was to investigate MorePlant essential oils are complex compounds of different chemical components with different amounts. These substances are one of the potential sources of antibacterial compounds and are very effective and useful for this purpose. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of Zataria multiflora essential oil on Salmonella isolated from poultry and humans using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) method. Steam distillation was used to extract the essential oil, and then the composition of the essential oil was determined using the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (Gc-Ms) method. Broth microdilution method was used to determine the MIC of Zataria multiflora essential oil. Also, ELISA was used to investigate the anti-biofilm effect of Zataria multiflora essential oil. Based on the results obtained in the present study, it was shown that more than 64.9% of essential oil consists of three substances: thymol, caracol, and linanol which make up46.62%, 13.85%, and 8.95% of the essential oil repectively. It was found that the MIC level For Zataria multiflora essential oil was in the range of 0.39-12.5 mg/ml in Salmonella isolates. Also, based on the results obtained in this study, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of applied essential oil in Salmonella isolates was in the range of 1.56-12.5 mg/ml. The placement of Salmonella bacteria isolates alongside essential oil at a possible level of 1% significantly (p<0.001) decreased biofilm production. Overall, the results of this research showed that Shirazi thyme essential oil has significant antibacterial effects and reduced biofilm production of Salmonella bacteria isolates by a significant percentage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Evaluating the antibiotic resistance pattern of Salmonella isolated from a number of laying poultry flocks in the northwest of the country during 2021 and investigating its relationship with the performance of the mentioned farms
Zahra Mahdavi Adel Feizi younes anzabiInfection with the Salmonella genus of bacteria causes chronic and acute diseases in poultry leading to significant economic losses to the poultry industry. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern of Salmonella serotypes isolated f MoreInfection with the Salmonella genus of bacteria causes chronic and acute diseases in poultry leading to significant economic losses to the poultry industry. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern of Salmonella serotypes isolated from a number of laying poultry flocks in the northwest of the country and to investigate its relationship with the performance of those farms. Eighty samples were taken from 20 flocks suspected of salmonellosis .The samples were cultured in selective and differential cultures of Salmonella. After isolation of Salmonella serotypes, the antibiogram test was performed to determine the antibiotic sensitivity. In order to check the performance of suspicious flocks, the history of the flock was obtained and the amount of mortality and production drop was calculated by statistical methods.The results indicated that 40% of the flocks were positive in terms of the presence of Salmonella, with 30% of the flocks affected by Salmonella gallinarum, 5% by Salmonella enteritidis, and 5% by concurrent presence of both Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella gallinarum. The highest antibiotic sensitivity of Salmonella serotypes was recorded from fosfomycin and danofloxacin with a frequency of 100% and soltrim with a frequency of 78.6%. The highest antibiotic resistance was observed against erythromycin with a frequency of 75% and chlortetracycline with a frequency of 53.6%. Based on the results, there was a statistically significant difference in the amount of flock mortality and production drop between Salmonella negative and Salmonella positive herds (p<0.05). Also, more vigilant use of antibiotics is required due to the high levels of resistance shown by Salmonella against various antibiotic drugs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Evaluation of the antibacterial property of Garden Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oil following the experimental exposure of broilers to Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC: 14028) and its ability to prevent tissue complications in the small Int
Younes Anzabi یوسف Doustar Shayan Doolat-AbadiIn order to apply the use of plant essential oils in complementary medicine, it is necessary to investigate their effects in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the laboratory, animal model and also pay attention to their possible side effects. Therefore, th MoreIn order to apply the use of plant essential oils in complementary medicine, it is necessary to investigate their effects in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the laboratory, animal model and also pay attention to their possible side effects. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the antibacterial effects of garden thyme essential oil on Salmonella Typhimurium and to evaluate its ability to prevent possible side effects caused by experimental exposure to the mentioned bacterium. For this purpose, 35 pieces of 14-day-old male broiler chickens were divided into 5 groups of 7 including healthy control, gavage control, and experimental patient, treated with garden thyme essential oil and treated with Oxytetracycline. First day 0.5 ml of Salmonella Typhimurium microbial suspension and the next day, separately 1 ml of garden thyme essential oil and Oxytetracycline to all the chickens of the third to fifth groups and also 1 ml of sterile distilled water was gavage to the chickens of the second group twice a day with a time interval of 12 hours for 7 days. At the end of each stage, the microbial count of the stool samples was performed and at the end of the period, after the easy killing of the chickens, the pathological examination of the small intestine and liver samples of all birds was performed. The result is that the chickens that were treated with oxytetracycline had a significant decrease in the excretion and colonization of Salmonella Typhimurium. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Serotyping and antibiotic resistance patterns of isolated Salmonella from broiler chickens in Ahvaz
Ramezan Ali Jafari Masoud Ghorbanpoor Taghi Zahraei Salehi mansour Mayahi mostafa Gholipour AzarSalmonellosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases. Antimicrobial therapy is an important tool in reducing both the incidence and mortality associated with Salmonella infections, but the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in poultry farms can lead to the emerge MoreSalmonellosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases. Antimicrobial therapy is an important tool in reducing both the incidence and mortality associated with Salmonella infections, but the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in poultry farms can lead to the emergence of resistance and inefficacy of antimicrobials. Moreover, transmission of the resistant strains to humans through food chain could be a menace to public health. This study was conducted to determine serogroup and antibiotic resistancepatterns of Salmonella isolates recovered from 25 broiler chicken farms in Ahvaz. All isolates were examined for serogroup using commercial antiserum, and for resistance to the most commonly used antibiotics in poultry (enrofloxacin, florfenicol, fosfomycin, lincospectin, sultrim and doxycycline) and humans (gentamicin, amoxiclav, ciprofloxacin, cefalexin, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone) by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The Salmonella isolates belonged to serogroups B (two isolates), C (three isolates) and D (45 isolates). Out of 50 isolates, 24 (48%) were resistant to one or more antibiotics. All isolates were sensitive to florfenicol, sultrim, cephalexin and ceftriaxone. The highest and lowest rates of resistance were observed against lincospectin (36%) and amoxiclav (2%), respectively. The high prevalence of resistant salmonellae among broilers indicates that the administration of antimicrobial drugs has to be made with more caution. Conflict of interest: None declared Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Production of immunized eggs against Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia. coli K99
محمد Malekan فرهاد Moosakhani هادی Pourtaghi A.R Bahonar مهیار MalekanEscherichia.coli K99 and Salmonella enteritidis are two main causes of diarrhea in calves. For prevention of diseases caused by these two microorganisms, many methods such as vaccination and passive transmission of immunity could be used. In recent years the concept of MoreEscherichia.coli K99 and Salmonella enteritidis are two main causes of diarrhea in calves. For prevention of diseases caused by these two microorganisms, many methods such as vaccination and passive transmission of immunity could be used. In recent years the concept of using immunized eggs in the feed of sensitive calves has been considered. In order to prepare antigen, E.coli K99 and Salmonella enteritidis were killed by adding 1% formalin solution after culture on Nutrient Broth media (Merck Co.) for 24 hours. The antigens were purified and made ready to use after washing with PBS for three times. The amount of antigen in each dosage was set based on 200μg/ml protein and 1×109 CFU/ml. The hens were injected subcutaneously 4 times in 2 weeks intervals with Freund's complete adjuvant (Sigma Co.) in the first two injections and Freund's complete adjuvant (Sigma Co.) in the second two injections. Sampling was also done in two weeks intervals and then antibody titers in serum and egg samples were assayed by agglutination method. The results of the present study indicated that the immunized eggs were hyper immune and could be used for stimulation of the immune system in one day old calves. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Effect of some probiotics on Salmonella paratyphi during associated growth in milk
حمید Mirzaei افشین Javadi یوسف Angouri The aim of this study is to determine the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium angulatom and Bifidobacterium bifidum on salmonella paratyphi in associated condition in milk. At first a quantity of 1.5 &time More The aim of this study is to determine the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium angulatom and Bifidobacterium bifidum on salmonella paratyphi in associated condition in milk. At first a quantity of 1.5 × 108 cfu/ml activated S. paratyphi was added to 500 ml of sterile milk and after homogenization distributed equally in five erlene meyers. The first erlene meyer was considered as individual culture and in to the second, third, fourth and fifth erlene meyer a quantity of 1.5×108 cfu/ml of the above probiotic was inoculated respectively and after 24-48 hours of incubation at 37 oC, pH was measured by pH meter and S. paratyphi count was determined by pour plate method in SSA medium. This procedure was repeated 10 times and the mean of pH and number of S. paratyphi in one ml of individual culture and with probiotic cultures was compared using statistical analysis. According to statistical tests of ANOVA and Tukey at α=0.05, in 24 and 48 hour incubation of associated growth of L. acidophilus, L. casei and B. bifidum had significant inhibitory effect on S. paratyphi growth (p<0.01). However, in similar condition associated growth of L. angulatum did not show significant inhibitory effect on S. paratyphi growth. Meanwhile, in 24 and 48 hour incubation of associated growth of L. acidophilus, L. casei and B. bifidum reduced the mean of pH of milk samples compared to control sample significantly (p<0.01). These results show the consumption of probiotic products containing B. angulatom, B. bifidum, L. acidophilus and L. casei could have beneficial effects in prevention of Salmonella paratyphi infection. Although further research especially at in vivo condition in this aspect should be carried out. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Evaluation of mice infected to Salmonella Spp in Poultry farms of Tehran Province
مرتضی Hadadian وحید Karimi تقی Zahraee Salehi عباس Barin آرش Ghalyanchi LangeroudiIn this survey, 290 mice and rats fecal samples from commercial layer and broiler poultry houses were tested for Salmonella sp. presence. All samples were cultured on Selenite F broth media and passaged on SS agar and McConkey agar. The suspected colonies were cultured MoreIn this survey, 290 mice and rats fecal samples from commercial layer and broiler poultry houses were tested for Salmonella sp. presence. All samples were cultured on Selenite F broth media and passaged on SS agar and McConkey agar. The suspected colonies were cultured on Urea and TSI agars to be confirmed as Salmonella sp.. Finally, Salmonella isolates were identified genetically and biochemically by PCR and conventional methods, respectively. Serogrouping and Antibiotic resistance profiling were done for further differentiation of isolates. Twenty eight (9.65%) Salmonellas were isolated from (out of) 290 samples. Eight (28.6%), seven (25%), four (14.3%), and two (7.2%) isolates were located in serogroups C, D, B and E, respectively. Seven isolates (25%) belonged to Arizona subspecies and just one non-motile serogroup D Salmonella was isolated. All isolates were sensitive to enrofloxacin, difloxacin, norfloxacin, chloramphenicol and florfenicol, but they were resistant to sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and neomycin in decreasing order. In addition to former surveys, this study confirmed the role of mice and rats in spreading of Salmonella spp. in poultry farms. In conclusion it is essential to take appropriate measurements (measures) for pest management in poultry houses to approach the prevention of some bacterial infection like (such as ) salmonellosis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Phytochemical investigation and inhibitory effect of Thymus eriocalyx (Ronniger) Jalas essential oil on the growth of bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis and Salmonella typhimurium)
Somayeh Farahmand Farshid Rezaei Sahar kavosiNowadays, due to the complications caused by the use of chemical drugs and the increase of antibiotic-resistant microbial strains, studies have been conducted to find antibacterial drugs from plant compounds. In this research, the aerial parts of Thymus eriocalyx were c MoreNowadays, due to the complications caused by the use of chemical drugs and the increase of antibiotic-resistant microbial strains, studies have been conducted to find antibacterial drugs from plant compounds. In this research, the aerial parts of Thymus eriocalyx were collected from the heights of Kermanshah in June 1400 (810 meters) in the flowering stage. The essential oil was extracted by distillation with water using a Cloninger machine. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of this plant in successive concentrations of 250, 125, 62.5, 31.25, 15.62, 7.81, 3.9, 1.95, 0.97 and 0.48 mg/ml against two bacterial species Enterococcus faecalis and Salmonella typhimurium by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in broth medium, minimum lethal concentration (MBC) in agar medium and disk diffusion were investigated. Ampicillin with a concentration of 10 mg/ml, ciprofloxacin 5 mg/ml, erythromycin 15 mg/ml and cefixime 5 mg/ml were used as positive controls. Mass gas chromatography method showed that this type of thyme has 42 effective substances. The most phenolic composition of the pasture ovia is carvacrol (66.96%). MBC for Enterococcus faecalis and Salmonella typhimurium bacteria was 15.67 and 62.5 mg/ml, respectively. 250 and 125 mg/mol discs were better than selected antibiotics in inhibiting both bacteria. The essential oil of pasture thyme plant contains antiseptic substances with antibacterial effects. The effect of essential oil in stopping the growth of Gram-positive bacteria was greater than that of Gram-negative bacteria. Considering that the essential oil of the plant had significant antibacterial effects compared to antibiotics in laboratory conditions, it is suggested to carry out more experiments to evaluate its effect in animal models. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Investigating the possibility of using basil ethanolic extract to control Salmonella Typhimurium in mayonnaise
zahra latifi Sodabeh Moieni Jafar Mohammadzadeh Milany Tara Ghorbani Pir Shahid Parya Rahnama leila Roozbeh NasiraieSalmonella is one of the important food borne diseases, worldwide. Egg and meat are among the most important incriminated foods to cause salmonella infection in Iran. This study was designed to investigate possible inhibitory effects of ethanolic extract of basil MoreSalmonella is one of the important food borne diseases, worldwide. Egg and meat are among the most important incriminated foods to cause salmonella infection in Iran. This study was designed to investigate possible inhibitory effects of ethanolic extract of basil on Salmonella in mayonnaise sauce. Salmonella is killed with baking food but there is problem with foods like sauce which contain raw egg and is not used any procedure for baking them while producing. The purpose of this project was to investigate the possibility to use ethanol extract of basil to control Salmonella Typhimurium in sauce. In the study, first of all the anti-bacterial property of ethanol extract of basil was tested. So, by appearing result test for final investigation densities of extract was purposed 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75%. Then anti-bacterial property of ethanol extract of basil on growth of salmonella in mayonnaise sauce for a period of 30 days in condition of 25oc and 4oc was investigated.The results of statistical studies showed that the three concentrations studied significantly (p <0.05) compared to the control sample reduced the growth of Salmonella Typhimurium during storage and with increasing the concentration of the extract increased the antibacterial activity of the extract so that the extract Basil with a concentration of 7500 ppm was significantly lower than other treatments in most cases (p<0.05). Sensory evaluation test was performed by 5-point hedonic method and the results of sensory analysis of appearance and color in different treatments were not significantly different from each other. Regarding the flavour, texture and total acceptability of the sauce, the lowest sensory score was related to the treatment with a concentration of 0.75%. Based on the obtained results, the amount of bacteria in both temperatures decreased in all treatments and this decrease was little in the control treatment and its antibacterial activity increased with increasing the concentration of the extract. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Comparison of bacteria in beef meat and poultry in terms of packaging and without packaging in Gilan province
Ali Mojaddar langroodi Ali Ehsani Aiub Ebadi احسان مقدس کیاFood-borne illness is a major international public health concern and a significant cause of reduced economic growth. Contaminated food is the usual source of human infections, and poultry and beef meat are considered the major infectious route for humans. Each year, mi MoreFood-borne illness is a major international public health concern and a significant cause of reduced economic growth. Contaminated food is the usual source of human infections, and poultry and beef meat are considered the major infectious route for humans. Each year, millions of persons become ill from foodborne diseases, though many cases are not reported. To assess the microbiological quality and safety of beef and poultry meat and try to achieve the connection of its contamination with hygienic conditions of packaging and without packaging of food in this study we analyzed food borne pathogens (Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) in Gilan province. A total number of 380 beef and poultry meat samples (with packing and without packaging) were collected and studied. Out of which 5/5 percent were founded contaminated with Salmonella 20/5 percent were founded contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus while 11/8 percent were founded contaminated with Bacillus cereus. Also 13/9 percent (beef meat) and 23/9 percent (poultry meat) were contaminated. The study confirmed the presence of Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus in beef and poultry meat. It is a potential threat to consumer health. To reduce of contamination, good hygiene practices are necessary from processing to storage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Influence of exposure time to neutral electrolyzed water on the reduction of contamination to Salmonella typhimurium and E.coli on skin and fresh poultry fillets
ALI FAZLARA Mahdi Pourmahdi Jamal MalekzadehFrom desirable characteristics of electrolyzed water could be noted to inexpensive, safe, and no adverse impact on the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of exposure time to neutral electrolyzed water on the reduction of contamination to Sa MoreFrom desirable characteristics of electrolyzed water could be noted to inexpensive, safe, and no adverse impact on the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of exposure time to neutral electrolyzed water on the reduction of contamination to Salmonella typhimurium and E.coli on skin and fresh poultry fillets. The neutralized electrolyzed water with 100 ppm free available chlorine was used for the exposure times of 1, 5, 10, 15 and 30 minutes on the inoculated skin (6 log/cm2) and chicken fillets (6 log/g) with mentioned bacteria. The results showed that the reduction of studied bacteria in skin and poultry fillets exposed to neutral electrolyzed water were statistically significant in comparing to distilled water (P<0.01). According to the results, the treated fillets with neutral electrolyzed water for 15 minutes lead to the complete disappearance of E. coli in such a way that the bacterium was not detectable in surface plating. The most reduction of E. coli in treated skin with neutral electrolyzed water was 2.63 log/cm2 after 30 minutes. Also the most reduction of salmonella typhimurium in treated fillets and skin with neutral electrolyzed water after 30 minutes were 2.51 log/g and 2.54 log/cm2 respectively. In brief, the obtained results shows that the usage of neutral electrolyzed water for washing of slaughtered poultry carcasses in the lines and chillers of slaughterhouses could be in consideration as a suitable method of disinfection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - samples Antibiotic resistance profile of Salmonella typhimurium isolated from raw milk and traditional cheese
Maryam Mazhari Mojtaba Bonyadian Hamdallah MoshtaghiSalmonella is one of the most important bacteria which cause illnesses, may exist in raw foods. The presence of this bacterium in food also causes a decrease in the quality of productions and a decrease in the economic growth. Milk and its products are among the food th MoreSalmonella is one of the most important bacteria which cause illnesses, may exist in raw foods. The presence of this bacterium in food also causes a decrease in the quality of productions and a decrease in the economic growth. Milk and its products are among the food that may contaminate with Salmonella both primarily and secondarily by employees, water, etc., and transmitted to human. In this study, 100 samples of raw milk and 50 samples of traditional cheese from different parts of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province were obtained to isolate and identify Salmonella bacteria using microbiological, and polymerase chain reaction tests. Also, the antibiotic resistance of Salmonella isolates was evaluated by the diffusion disk method. The results of microbiological tests showed that 7 samples were contaminated with salmonella. Suspicious isolates included 5 samples belonging to raw milk and 2 samples belonging to traditional cheeses. The results of PCR test revealed that 3 samples of suspected isolates of raw milk (%3) and 1 sample of suspected isolates of traditional cheese (%2) were S. typhimurium. The results of the antibiogram test on Salmonella isolates showed the highest sensitivity to Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin, and the highest resistance to Ampicillin, Tetracycline and Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole antibiotics. According to the results of the present study, raw milk and traditional cheeses are contaminated with Salmonella typhimurium, which are resistant to some antibiotics. Although the contamination of raw milk is removed during the heat treatment steps such as pasteurization, boiling or sterilization, traditional cheeses contaminated with this bacterium are considered a potential risk for the health of consumers. Therefore, the examination of traditional dairy products, especially cheese, in terms of preventing the occurrence of diseases in humans seems to be more necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Effect of washing and transportation of chicken carcasses at different temperatures from the west of Tehran to the supply site
Neda Hossein nezhad yazdi Hamed Ahari Afshin Akhondzadeh Pathogenic bacteria are responsible for a significant number of food poisoning in humans through infected Poultries. Our study was aimed to evaluate the effect of post-chilled washing process in a slaughterhouse and types of temperature dependent-transport vehicle More Pathogenic bacteria are responsible for a significant number of food poisoning in humans through infected Poultries. Our study was aimed to evaluate the effect of post-chilled washing process in a slaughterhouse and types of temperature dependent-transport vehicles on bacterial load of common food-borne pathogens; Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli of chicken carcass. One hundred and eighty fresh chicken carcasses were randomly gathered from a commercial poultry processing plant in West of Tehran After sampling in slaughterhouse, the carcass samples were taken from 3 types of vehicles, pickup, cool isolated and cool-off isolated vehicles. The mean value of the total count of whole carcasses in pickup group reached the maximum (18.63×106 ±2.82×106) and showed greater value (p<0.05) than the standard value (5×106) CFU/gr while in cool-off isolated vehicle reached the minimum (0.65×106±0.048×106) lesser in comparison to the standard. it is concluded that chicken transport by un-cooled or unusual vehicles could prepared inappropriate condition cause to integrated growth the bacteria and resulted in transmission the food borne zoonotic pathogens to humans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Salmonella contamination of camel meat in various stages of destruction in Isfahan and Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari
Ebrahim Rahimi Amir ShakeriyanSalmonella is a food borne pathogens and pose a public health problem in the world counts. Food poisoning caused by this pathogen with symptoms such as gastroenteritis, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever enteric (typhoid fever) occurs. This study aimed to isolate and MoreSalmonella is a food borne pathogens and pose a public health problem in the world counts. Food poisoning caused by this pathogen with symptoms such as gastroenteritis, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever enteric (typhoid fever) occurs. This study aimed to isolate and identify Salmonella typhimurium in various stages of destruction was carried camel meat. For this purpose, a total of 150 samples of camel meat in various stages of destruction (after peeled, after unloading viscera after the wash), (each 50 samples) in return when summer 1395 to winter 1395 the slaughterhouse city Ben Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province and the city of Najaf Abad and Esfahan Golden city, were taken. The results showed that 22 of 150 samples of camel meat as species of Salmonella were detected. Using PCR showed that of the 22 positive samples, 3 (2%) Salmonella typhimurium and 19% (6/12) were other species. From the 50 samples collected after unloading viscera 11 positive cases were detected in 2 (4%) are Salmonella typhimurium. After washing the other 50 samples were collected 4 cases (8%) is related to Salmonella spp and Salmonella typhimurium serotypes 4 none of it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Bactericidal effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on some foodborne pathogens in ambient and refrigerator temperature
Siavash Maktabi Mehdi Zarei Roya RostamiSodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is one of the strong alkaline sulfates germicidal which is used in health and beauty purposes. In this study, the effect of minimum bactericidal concentration of SDS on 4 major foodborne pathogens including Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi MoreSodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is one of the strong alkaline sulfates germicidal which is used in health and beauty purposes. In this study, the effect of minimum bactericidal concentration of SDS on 4 major foodborne pathogens including Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes in normal saline was studied. Different concentration of SDS was made and based on standard methods the level of MIC and MBC for all strains was measured. Then the least bactericidal concentration of SDS on viability of strains in 4 and 25°C in different time's periods was studied. MIC and MBC results showed that E. coli and S. typhimurium have a similar sensitivity to SDS; meanwhile L. monocytogenes is so sensitive to SDS among the studied strains. The rate of viability of the strains is much higher in cold condition than in ambient temperature. SDS has an effective role in reducing the population of studied bacteria in different temperatures and time. Raising the temperature increases the antibacterial effect of the SDS. Also Listeria monocytogenes is very more sensitive to SDS in comparison to other studied bacteria. So according to the results of the study, sodium dodecyl sulfate could be useful for reducing population of pathogenic bacteria especially Listeria monocytogenes on surfaces, foodstuffs and equipment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Effect of chitosan-rosemary coating on Salmonella typhimurium and E.coli O157H7 in turkey fillets during refrigerated storage
Sepideh Hajian مهرنوش تدینیDue to increased attention and nutritional importance of turkey meat between consumers, researchers are looking for new ways in order to improve its shelf-life. Furthermore, in recent decades, consumer demands for healthier foods (without common chemical preservatives) MoreDue to increased attention and nutritional importance of turkey meat between consumers, researchers are looking for new ways in order to improve its shelf-life. Furthermore, in recent decades, consumer demands for healthier foods (without common chemical preservatives) have been increased. The aim of this study was to evaluate simultaneous effect of chitosan coating and rosemary essence on indicator bacteria including Salmonellatyphimurium (S. typhimurium)and E.coliO157:H7 in turkey meat fillets during refrigerated storage. For this purpose turkey fillets inoculated with 106 CFU/g S. typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Then, all of inoculated fillets divided into 3 groups; without coating (control), treated with 1% acetic acid and suspended in chitosan solution containing 1% rosemary essence. All samples were kept at refrigerated temperature for 15 days. Bacterial count of S. typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7 was performed at 3 day intervals (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 days). Chemical tests which related to chemical spoilage and quality control of turkey fillets including pH and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) were evaluated at 3 day intervals (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 days). The results indicated that the chitosan-rosemary coating has the significant effect (P<0.05) on decrease of bacterial load of S. typhimurium and E.coli O157:H7. Also, suspended samples in chitosan containing rosemary essence have fewer pH and TBA during storage than other groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Cloning and sequencing 5' and 3' SipA gene of Salmonella enteritidis in E.coli
Gazizeh Shirazi Abbas DoostiIntroduction: Salmonella infections in many domesticated animals, wildlife and humans cause disease all of the world. The ability to enter and survive in host cells is a prerequisite for pathogenicity species of Salmonella. Salmonella invasion protein is an important vi MoreIntroduction: Salmonella infections in many domesticated animals, wildlife and humans cause disease all of the world. The ability to enter and survive in host cells is a prerequisite for pathogenicity species of Salmonella. Salmonella invasion protein is an important virulence factors into host cells by bacteria transmitted. In this study we showed cloning the 5 'and 3' gene SipA Salmonella and was performed in E. coli. Materials & Methods: In this study, by PCR and specific primers sequences of 5' and 3' SipA gene was amplified correctly. DNA fragment was cloned by T/A cloning technique in pGEM T-easy vector and transformed into E. coli. Results: Cloning of SipA gene was confirmed by PCR. The results of next step showed that the SipA gene was successfully cloned in E. coli. Final confirmation of construct was done by XbaI, BglII, SacI, XhoI restriction enzymes. Conclusion: According to the results that, insertion of antibiotic-resistant genes between 5' and 3' regions of the SipA gene of Salmonella entritidis due to gene deletion in the bacteria. The construct's gene can be used as a target for gene vaccines against Salmonella entritidis in the future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Detection of staphylococcus areus and salmonella typimurium in traditional and industrial olivie salads in shahrekord city
فروغ تاج بخش Elaheh Tajbakhsh manouchehr MoumeniReady to eat foods, food products are moved through some kind of process and can be eaten without heat treatment. In this study, 50 samples of Olivier salad (30 industrial and 20 traditional) in Shahrekord, were tested for detection of Salmonella typimuriumand Staphyloc MoreReady to eat foods, food products are moved through some kind of process and can be eaten without heat treatment. In this study, 50 samples of Olivier salad (30 industrial and 20 traditional) in Shahrekord, were tested for detection of Salmonella typimuriumand Staphylococcus aureus by microbiological and molecular methods. Contamination of S. aureus and S. typhimurium was found in 46% and 34.8% of the industrial and traditional samples, respectively. Contamination of S. aureus in industrial Olivier salad was found to be 65.2% and in traditional Olivier salad was 34.8%. Contamination of Salmonella typhimuriumwas 55.6 and 44.4% in industrial and traditional olivier salad. Olivier salad's production process is manually and it is possible to be contaminated by machine and human. The ingredients may be kept under inappropriate temperature conditions for a long time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - The antimicrobial effects of Mentha longifolia L. essential oil on Salmonella enteritidis in mayonnaise sauce
shaghayegh Ghorbani Leila Rouzbeh-nasiraei Mohammad Hassan JuriNow adays, there is a considerable tendency to use herbal essential oil as natural preservatives in foods and nutrition. Studies of their antimicrobial impact in the food models to achieve a safe and healthy food is growing. Mentha longifolia plant of the Laminacea fami MoreNow adays, there is a considerable tendency to use herbal essential oil as natural preservatives in foods and nutrition. Studies of their antimicrobial impact in the food models to achieve a safe and healthy food is growing. Mentha longifolia plant of the Laminacea family has antimicrobial compounds, Carvacrol and Thymol which are found in the essential oil of this plant. The aim of this study is to survey and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Mentha longifolia and the possibility of its application as a natural preservative and flavor in mayonnaise. In this study, the antimicrobial effect of different concentrations (1250, 2500, 5000 and 10000 ppm) Mentha longifolia essential oil on Salmonella enteritidis in mayonnaise at 4 and 25 °C were evaluated in 30 days. Factorial experiments in a completely randomized design, with three repetitions were analyzed by SPSS software. The results showed that the antimicrobial effect of “essential oil of oregano” at 25 °C is higher than 4 °C (p<0.05) and this effect increased by increasing the density of oil in the samples. The greatest impact of the essential oil concentration was 10000 ppm at both temperatures. While the increase in essential oil concentration in the samples, the sensory acceptability of food was reduced considerably. According to the results of sensory evaluation and microbial tests, the concentration of 1250 ppm oil in mayonnaise samples, have favorable results in reducing the number of bacteria up to 6 logarithms and gain a sensory of acceptance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Evaluation of virulence and enterotoxin genes in Salmonella enteritidis strains isolated from Meat and Egg samples by Multiplex-PCR
Toktam Khodadadipour Kumarss Amini Razagh MahmoudiToday,food borne diseases are one of the most serious problems and occur as a result of consumption to contaminated food and water. The aim of the study was evaluation of virulence and enterotoxin genes in Salmonella enteritidis strains isolated from food samples by mul MoreToday,food borne diseases are one of the most serious problems and occur as a result of consumption to contaminated food and water. The aim of the study was evaluation of virulence and enterotoxin genes in Salmonella enteritidis strains isolated from food samples by multiplex-PCR. This descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed at 2014 on the 1250 no duplicative and non-repetitive food samples. M-PCR assay was done in order to detection of Stn،sopB،slyA،spvc and Phop/Q genes. Sixty Salmonella enteritidis strains were obtained from poultry meat (35 strains, 58.3%) and eggs (25 strains, 41.6%), respectively. molecular analysis distribution showed all isolates (100%) were absence for spvC gene. The highest and lowest prevalence of the genes were related to Phop/Q and SopB,33.3% and 1.6%, respectively. Evaluation of virulence genes and enterotoxin in the Salmonella enteritidis isolated from the food samples are useful because of presence of the genes and efficacy of M-PCR method in epidemiological investigation and assessment of intraspecies genes transfer in food samples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis in bison milk and dairy products and bison meat by cultural and PCR method
Sanaz Alizadeh Hassan Momtaz Ebrahim RahimiThis study aims at investigating the outbreak of Salmonella and Disease-Agent Genes Pf Salmonella interitidis and Salmonella typhimurium separted from bison milk and its products and bison meat in Khuzestan province- Mollasani town. On the MoreThis study aims at investigating the outbreak of Salmonella and Disease-Agent Genes Pf Salmonella interitidis and Salmonella typhimurium separted from bison milk and its products and bison meat in Khuzestan province- Mollasani town. On the Whole, 210 samples of meat, milk and its products in Esfand 94 and Farvardin 95 have been collected from Mollasani town. Samples have been analyzed for the presence of S. interitidis and S. typhimurium and Disease- Agent Genes. The outbreak of Salmonella in the studied sample was 2.8%. Highest out breaks of contamination were respectively in cheese sample 10%, cream 7.14% and 2.5%. No Salmonella was detected in meat, yogurt, butter and rice pudding. The separated Salmonella in the sample were S. interitidis5% and S. typhimurium 2.5%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Evaluation of the effect of Satureja sahendica hydroalcoholic extract and Trisodium Phosphate on biofilm formation of Salmonella Typhimurium isolated from poultry
Mina Ahmadpour Mohammad Hosein Movassagh Somayeh HosseinzadehSalmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is one of the most important worldwide public health concerns capable of forming biofilms on food contact surfaces. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of Satureja sahendica hydroalcoh MoreSalmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is one of the most important worldwide public health concerns capable of forming biofilms on food contact surfaces. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of Satureja sahendica hydroalcoholic extract (SSHE) and Trisodium Phosphate (TSP) against S. Typhimurium (n= 20) isolated from poultry. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined using the microdilution broth method. To evaluate the anti-biofilm effects, the isolates were treated with inhibitory and sub-inhibitory concentrations of both substances and after 24 hours, the biofilm formation was evaluated. According to the results, the MICs of SSHE and TSP against S. Typhimurium isolates were ranged from 1.25-10 and 5-80 mg ml-1, respectively. Also, MBCs value of SSHE and TSP were varied against isolates and were ranging from 40-160> and 80-160> mg ml-1, respectively. The results of statistical analysis showed that both of SSHE and TSP significantly reduced biofilm formation in S. Typhimurium compared to the control group (p <0.05). Also, the statistical results showed that SSEH reduces the rate of biofilm formation more than TSP (p <0.05). According to these results, SSHE can be a suitable alternative to chemicals such as TSP in the food industry to reduce bacterial contamination. However, its application requires further studies to determine its safety and toxicity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Investigation of the inhibitory effect of engineered probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus on the growth of Salmonella enteritidis
Mottahareh Eskandari Abbas DoostiProbiotics are living cellular components that have beneficial effects on the host in a certain number when they enter the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to produce and evaluate the effects of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus, which e MoreProbiotics are living cellular components that have beneficial effects on the host in a certain number when they enter the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to produce and evaluate the effects of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus, which expresses the peach's peptide Tachyplesin I, on the growth of Salmonella. The recombinant plasmid pNZ8148- Tachyplesin containing the Tachyplesin gene was introduced into E. coli by heat shock and then purified. The recombinant vector containing the tachiplicin gene was then inserted into Lactobacillus acidophilus by electroporation method and screened by chloramphenicol antibiotic and PCR. Then, the inhibitory effect of engineered Lactobacillus acidophilus on the growth of Salmonella was investigated and compared with antibiotic discs..After confirmation of the entry of plasmid pNZ8148-Tachyplesin into Lactobacillus acidophilus, it had an inhibitory effect on the growth of Salmonella pathogenic bacterium as the diameter of the growth inhibition zone created on Salmonella was acceptable under the influence of engineered Lactobacillus. After comparing the diameter of the auras of ampicillin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline antibiotic disks with engineered lactobacillus and performing statistical analysis, no significant difference was reported. Considering that the presence of Tachyplesin gene in Lactobacillus acidophilus was confirmed, the resulting growth inhibition zone around Salmonella indicates that the expression and secretion of Tachyplesin gene in Lactobacillus has an antibiotic-like effect on Salmonella. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Antibacterial effect of Butylated Hydroxy Anisole (BHA) on Salmonella typhymurium and Listeria monocytogens in Culture media and Iranian White Cheese
Ali Ehsani Mojtaba Raeisi Alijan Tabarraei Farhad Nik Nezhad Hossein Naghili Majid AminzareThe aim of this study is to evaluate antimicrobial effect of Butylated Hydroxy Anisole alone and in combination with EDTA against S. typhimurium and L. monocytogenes in culture media and Iranian white cheese. At first phase, Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) of Bu MoreThe aim of this study is to evaluate antimicrobial effect of Butylated Hydroxy Anisole alone and in combination with EDTA against S. typhimurium and L. monocytogenes in culture media and Iranian white cheese. At first phase, Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) of Butylated Hydroxy Anisole and EDTA against bacteria were measured. The samples of cheese made from pasteurized milk where infected experimentally with S. typhimurium and L.monocytogenes. They were divided as a control and other samples that have values of 2500, 5000 and 10000 µg/ml of BHA, and combination of 2500, 5000 and 10000 µg/ml of BHA and EDTA. In the next phase of the study, bacteria were counted at different days. The results obtained from this study showed that using combination of BHA and EDTA can properly reduce number of S.typhimurium and L. monocytogenes in culture media and Iranian white cheese.This study demonstrated that BHA can be used for increase shelf life of Iranian white cheese. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Detection of virulence factors in Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis serotypes isolated from chicken meat in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari Province of Iran
Hasan Momtaz Reza Ghaedamini Manouchehr MomeniAbstract Salmonellosis, caused by bacteria from the genus Salmonella, is one of the most common foodborne illnesses and is manifested by diarrhea, mild fever, nausea, abdominal pains and even death. Its traditional diagnosis is based on culture, biochemical and serologi MoreAbstract Salmonellosis, caused by bacteria from the genus Salmonella, is one of the most common foodborne illnesses and is manifested by diarrhea, mild fever, nausea, abdominal pains and even death. Its traditional diagnosis is based on culture, biochemical and serological techniques and for more accurate diagnosis several molecular methods have been developed. The epidemiology and prevalence of these bacteria in chicken meat samples is essentially unknown in Iran. in this study in order to isolation and characterization of Salmonella spp. 620 chicken meat samples were collected from supermarkets in Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiary Province, Iran. Genomic DNA was extracted from each sample and multiplex PCR method was developed. Results showed that 28 out of 620 samples (4.51%) were positive for Salmonella spp. and from these isolates 12 samples were S. typhimurium (1.93%), 10 samples were S. enteritidis (1.61%) and 6 samples were other species of Salmonella (0.96%). Results revealed that all of S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis isolates have virulence factors. Our results indicated that Salmonella spp. can contaminated chicken meat samples and it is essential to control the hygienic quality of chicken meat samples especially in slaughterhouse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Antibacterial effect of Butylated Hydroxy Anisole (BHA) on Salmonella typhymurium and Listeria monocytogens in culture media and Iranian White Cheese
Ali Ehsani Mojtaba Raeisi Alijan Tabarraei Farhad Nik Nezhad Hossein Naghili Majid AminzareAbstract The aim of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial effect of Butylated Hydroxy Anisole alone and in combination with EDTA against S. typhimurium and L. monocytogenes in culture media and Iranian White Cheese. At the first phase, Minimum Inhibitory Concentratio MoreAbstract The aim of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial effect of Butylated Hydroxy Anisole alone and in combination with EDTA against S. typhimurium and L. monocytogenes in culture media and Iranian White Cheese. At the first phase, Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) of Butylated Hydroxy Anisole and EDTA against bacteria were measured. The samples of cheese made from pasteurized milk where infected experimentally with S. typhimurium and L. monocytogenes. They were divided as a control and other samples that have values of 2500, 5000 and 10000 μg/ml of BHA, and combination of 2500, 5000 and 10000 μg/ml of BHA and EDTA. In the next phase of study, bacteria were counted at different days. The results obtained from this study showed that using combination of BHA and EDTA can properly reduce number of S. typhimurium and L. monocytogenes in culture media and Iranian white cheese. This study demonstrated that BHA can be used for increase shelf life of Iranian white cheese Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Detection of virulence factors in Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis serotypes isolated from chicken meat in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province of Iran
Hassan Momtaz Mohsen Ghaedamini Manochehr MomeniSalmonellosis, caused by bacteria from the genus Salmonella, is one of the most common foodborne illnesses and is manifested by diarrhea, mild fever, nausea, abdominal pains and even death. Its traditional diagnosis is based on culture, biochemical and serological techn MoreSalmonellosis, caused by bacteria from the genus Salmonella, is one of the most common foodborne illnesses and is manifested by diarrhea, mild fever, nausea, abdominal pains and even death. Its traditional diagnosis is based on culture, biochemical and serological techniques and for more accurate diagnosis several molecular methods have been developed. The epidemiology and prevalence of these bacteria in chicken meat samples is essentially unknown in Iran. in this study in order to isolation and characterization of Salmonella spp. 620 chicken meat samples were collected from supermarkets in Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiary province, Iran. from each samples genomic DNA was extracted and multiplex PCR method was developed. Results showed that 28 out of 620 samples (4.51%) were positive for Salmonella spp. and from these isolates 12 samples were S. typhimurium (1.93%), 10 samples were S. enteritidis (1.61%) and 6 samples were other species of Salmonella (0.96%). Results revealed that all of S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis isolates have virulence factors. Our results indicated that Salmonella spp. can contaminated chicken meat samples and it is essential to control the hygienic quality of chicken meat samples especially in slaughterhouse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - پتانسیل درمانی داروی گیاهی Gbogbonise Epa ijebu در موش های صحرایی نر نژاد ویستار آلوده به سالمونلا انتریکا سرووار تیفی
سیی انیتان مایکل دادا اولوافمی اوگونتی بیجو امانوئل ایلئوما ساراتو آجیک ویکتور آدروگباBackground & Aim: Commercially sold herbal remedies are fast gaining recognition among the Nigerian populace for the treatment of various ailments. The aim of this study was to assess the curative potential of Gbogbonise Epa Ijebu herbal remedy in male Wistar rats i MoreBackground & Aim: Commercially sold herbal remedies are fast gaining recognition among the Nigerian populace for the treatment of various ailments. The aim of this study was to assess the curative potential of Gbogbonise Epa Ijebu herbal remedy in male Wistar rats infected with Salmonella enteric serovar typhi (S.typhi).Experimental: A total of 60 male Wistar rats weighing 150+50 g (mean+SD) were randomly assigned into 10 groups of 6 rats each. Group 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9 and 10 were infected with one ml of S. typhi suspension with a concentration of 106 CFU/mL in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Group 4, 5 and 6 which served as the Zero control, undiluted herbal control and diluted herbal control, respectively. Group 7 and were 8 were treated with 500 mg/Kg/bid and 250 mg/kg/bid herbal remedy, respectively, while group 9 and 10 were treated with equal volume of Ciprofloxacin and herbal remedy, 500 mg/kg/bid and 250 mg/kg/bid, respectively, orally twice daily for 7days. Bacterial loads in rectal swab, intestine and gall bladder, as well as the anti-S.typhi O and H serum antibodies of the test and control rats were evaluated at pre-infection, post-infection and post-treatment phases using standard microbiological and serological methods.Results: The outcome of this study showed that the administration of the herbal remedy (500 mg/Kg/bid) resulted in a significant reduction (P<0.001) in the rectal (1.8±04 Log CFU/mL), intestinal (4.25±0.05 Log CFU/Intestine) and gall-bladder (1.85±0.25 Log CFU/Gall-Bladder) bacterial load, as well as the anti-S. typhi O (93.3±22.3) and H (93.3±22.3) serum antibodies level of the test groups compared to the infection control (3.8±0.20 Log CFU/mL, 8.3±0.10 Log CFU/Intestine, 4.3±0.06 Log CFU/Gall-Bladder and 173.3±32.1, respectively).Recommended applications/industries: The outcome of this study further underscores the curative potential of the herbal remedy as claimed by the manufacturers and vendors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Analysis of the Defense Discourse of Ali Salman, Secretary General of the Al-Wefaq Society of Bahrain, in Al Khalifa Court
alireza Beygi hasan majidiAfter the 2011 revolution the Bahraini government arrested mainly Shiite leaders under various pretexts.One of these people is Ali Salman, the secretary general of the Jamiat al-Wefaq. Despite cooperating with the regime in the negotiation process and fulfilling the dem MoreAfter the 2011 revolution the Bahraini government arrested mainly Shiite leaders under various pretexts.One of these people is Ali Salman, the secretary general of the Jamiat al-Wefaq. Despite cooperating with the regime in the negotiation process and fulfilling the demands of the Bahraini regime in calming the movement, he was eventually arrested by Al-Khalifa and defended himself in court. The purpose of this study is to identify the prevailing discourse and the authority of Salman as a window to get acquainted with one of Bahrain's political discourses.This article seeks to explain and analyze Ali Salman's defense in the Bahraini court and to answer the question of what are the discourse components governing Ali Salman's defense in the Bahraini government court?Findings of this article that have been compiled using interpretive method and discourse and analytical analysis;It represents a kind of moderate and reformist discourse(as opposed to revolutionary discourse)in Salman's defense.Among the qualitative variables mentioned in the analysis of Van Dijk`s critical discourse,Salman has used the words, quotation, good interpretation and polarization the most.The hypothesis of this research is that the Al-Khalifa regime is not reformable and always tries to keep the Bahraini people away from the movement by making baseless promises Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - A Review on the Lactic Acid Bacteria Probiotic in the Control of Coccidiosis, Campylobacteriosis, and Salmonellosis in Broiler Chickens
م. رویان -
Open Access Article
89 - Influence of Dietary Supplementation of Guava Leaf, Oxytetracycline, and Tert-Butylhydroxytoluene on Growth Performance, Gut Microbial Population, Immune Status, Carcass, and Meat Quality in Broiler Chickens
K.D. Adeyemi K.O. Agboola R.O. Quadri A.M. Kelani A.M. Ahmed El-Imam H. Ishola -
Open Access Article
90 - مقایسه اثرات افزودن پودر زنجبیل و آویلامایسین به جیره بر عملکرد و شمارش باکتری سالمونلای روده جوجه های گوشتی در معرض چالش سالمونلایی
ع.ا. صادقی و. ایزدی پ. شورنگ م. چمنی م. امینافشارمطالعه حاضر به منظور تعیین اثرات افزودن پودر زنجبیل به جیره بر عملکرد جوجههای گوشتی در معرض چالش سالمونلا و مقایسه اثرات آن با آویلامایسین، به عنوان محرک رشد بود. آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 300 قطعه جوجه گوشتی در شش تیمار و پنج تکرار انجام شد و به هر تکرار 10 Moreمطالعه حاضر به منظور تعیین اثرات افزودن پودر زنجبیل به جیره بر عملکرد جوجههای گوشتی در معرض چالش سالمونلا و مقایسه اثرات آن با آویلامایسین، به عنوان محرک رشد بود. آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 300 قطعه جوجه گوشتی در شش تیمار و پنج تکرار انجام شد و به هر تکرار 10 قطعه جوجه اختصاص یافت. تیمارها شامل کنترل منفی (جیره پایه بدون زنجبیل و بدون آویلامایسین و بدون چالش سالمونلایی)، کنترل مثبت (جیره پایه بدون زنجبیل، بدون آویلامایسین و با چالش سالمونلایی)، گروه دریافتکننده زنجبیل (5 گرم در کیلوگرم، بدون چالش)، گروه دریافتکننده زنجبیل در معرض چالش (5 گرم در کیلوگرم با چالش سالمونلایی)، گروه دریافتکننده آنتیبیوتیک (100 میلیگرم در کیلوگرم آویلامایسین بدون چالش سالمونلایی) و گروه دریافتکننده آویلامایسین در معرض چالش (100 میلیگرم آویلامایسین با چالش سالمونلایی) بود. کمترین میانگین مرگومیر به گروه دریافتکننده آنتیبیوتیک و بیشترین میانگین مرگومیر به گروه کنترل مثبت تعلق داشت. افزودن زنجبیل به جیره جوجههای در معرض چالش سالمونلایی در مقایسه با گروه کنترل مثبت مرگومیر کمتری داشت. کمترین افزایش وزن روزانه مربوط به گروه کنترل مثبت بود. افزودن زنجبیل یا آویلامایسین به جیره سبب افزایش معنیدار (05/0P<) افزایش وزن روزانه شد، البته اثر آویلامایسین بیشتر از زنجبیل بود. در کل دوره (42 روزه) چالش سالمونلایی سبب افزایش ضریب تبدیل غذایی شد و افزودن آویلامایسین و زنجبیل به جیره سبب کاهش معنیدار (05/0P<) آن شد، البته اثر آویلامایسین بیشتر از زنجبیل بود. بهطور کلی چنین نتیجهگیری شد که افزودن پودر زنجبیل به جیره، سبب بهبود عملکرد جوجههای گوشتی بدون چالش و در معرض چالش سالمونلایی شد و در مقایسه کارآیی زنجبیل کمتر از آویلامایسین بر عملکرد بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Effects of Euphorbia hirta and Acidifiers Supplement on Resistance of Broiler Chickens against Salmonella enteritidis Infection: Oral Challenge Model
س.ر. هاشمی آ. زولکیفلی ه. داوودی م. هیر-بجو ز. زونیتا -
Open Access Article
92 - A glance at the eulogy poems of Masoud Saad- Salman
aliasghar Baba Safari elaheh shabaniEulogy is the most important goal of Persian poem. This literary type through its evolutionary trend has had an effective role on the poetry of poets from the past till now. Although the main reputation of Masoud Saad- Salman, the poet of 5th and 6th Centuries A. H., is MoreEulogy is the most important goal of Persian poem. This literary type through its evolutionary trend has had an effective role on the poetry of poets from the past till now. Although the main reputation of Masoud Saad- Salman, the poet of 5th and 6th Centuries A. H., is based on Habsieh poetry but the vast majority of his Divan is allocated to eulogy odes. He has praised not only only the authorities and his contemporary poets, but he also worshiped them according to his criteria because of their real excellences and with the intention of persude them to natty and avoid of unappealing. This study has tried to explain and describe eulogy poems of Masoud Saad by representing an introduction to eulogy and showing the historical and literary concepts of the poet with the aim of expressing some points of his work. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Molecular Identification of Quinolone Resistance Genes (aac (6 ') - ib-cr and qnrS) and Determination of Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Salmonella Isolated from Laying Poultry of East Azarbaijan Province
hossein nikpiran younes anzabi abdolrahman mohammadiThe use of antibiotics in the treatment of salmonellosis is of particular interest both in veterinary medicine and in medicine. Due to the widespread use of antibiotics in the therapeutic debate, resistance to these agents has increased among bacteria. The aim of this s MoreThe use of antibiotics in the treatment of salmonellosis is of particular interest both in veterinary medicine and in medicine. Due to the widespread use of antibiotics in the therapeutic debate, resistance to these agents has increased among bacteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of quinolone resistance genes and to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of Salmonella isolates from laying poultry. For this purpose, in a period of approximately three months in 1977, 20 cases of reference laying hens were sampled from different farms with symptoms of Salmonella. Biochemical tests were used to identify the isolates and to determine the serotype by the Kauffman White method for the identification of somatic O antigen and flagella H. After serotyping in the Muller Hinton Agar environment, antibiogram tests were performed using the disks of anrofloxacin, phosphomycin, danofloxacin, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, soltreim, erythromycin and amoxicillin. After determination of qnrs and aac (6 ') - ib-cr resistance genes, the respective primers were designed. Bacterial genes were extracted by boiling and the presence of the genes was evaluated by PCR. Positive samples indicate the presence of quinolone resistance genes in Salmonella isolates from laying poultry. The findings of this study indicate the risk of resistance in herds in the province and highlight the importance of addressing this issue by national health authorities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Investigating the level of salmonella contamination in the liver of chickens collected in Malair city
Behnam Pedram Masod Soltanialvar Liela Derakhshan Piman Sepehrifard Bardia MohammadiSalmonella is one of the most important and common infectious diseases of humans and animals that is caused by Salmonella bacteria and causes the death of many people from human and animal populations annually. Salmonella-infected poultry meat is the primary cause of in MoreSalmonella is one of the most important and common infectious diseases of humans and animals that is caused by Salmonella bacteria and causes the death of many people from human and animal populations annually. Salmonella-infected poultry meat is the primary cause of infection transmission, so identifying the prevalence of Salmonella infection in poultry flocks is a necessary step in taking appropriate control measures to prevent the transmission of infection to human communities. For random sampling, 100 chicken livers were purchased from supermarkets in Malayer city, then sent to the laboratory to evaluate the level of Salmonella infection.After performing bacterial tests, Salmonella serotype was determined using PCR method.In the present study, it was found that 2% of chicken liver was infected with Salmonella bacteria. It should be noted that 2% of the samples had bacterial contamination. It was also found that the predominant salmonella serotype in chicken livers of Malayert city is Salmonella enteritidis. According to the results of the present study, it can be concluded that food of animal origin is a good source for the growth of Salmonella in the country and it is recommended that to prevent bacterial contamination, strict health measures to prevent Contamination of water and food should be done and other livestock products should be cooked enough. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - The Role of Residential Environment on Physical-Leisure Activities of Citizens (Case Study: Salman Farsi and Ghafari Neighborhoods of Sari)
Maryam Jafari Mehrabadi Shamila Allahyari Asli Ardeh Komeil AbdiOne of the issues raised in urban planning is the physical activities of citizens in their leisure time. This research has focused on the role of the residential environment on physical-leisure activities of residents of Salman Farsi and Ghaffari neighborhoods in the ci MoreOne of the issues raised in urban planning is the physical activities of citizens in their leisure time. This research has focused on the role of the residential environment on physical-leisure activities of residents of Salman Farsi and Ghaffari neighborhoods in the city of Sari, which has been done by a questionnaire and descriptive-analytical method. Data has been analyzed using SPSS software using statistical tests like Friedman, Chi- Square, Mann Whitney, Cramer’s V and Contingency Coefficient. Results show the most important criterion for inhabitants of Salman-Farsi neighborhood is the security as well as social criterion for inhabitants of Ghafari neighborhood. The physical-leisure activity of Salman-Farsi residents is relatively high, but it is relatively low in Ghaffari neighborhood. The physical-leisure activity of men in Salman-Farsi neighborhood is more than women, but it is almost equal in Ghaffari's neighborhood. The results also showed that there is no significant relation between car ownership and physical-leisure activity in Salman Farsi and Ghaffari neighborhoods. Also there is no significant relation between type of housing and physical-leisure activity in Salman-Fars neighborhood, but there is a relatively significant relation between these two variables in Ghaffari neighborhood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Salman Savoji and the Tradition of the Rendi and Ghalandari
Dāvood Vāseghi khondabi Omid Shāhmorādi Mohammad Rezā NajjāriānSalman Savoji is one of the prominent poets of 8th A.H. century whose poems represent various religious, mystical and social thoughts. Although he used to praise the kings and took financial profits from his poems, this feature never caused him to abandon the spiritual MoreSalman Savoji is one of the prominent poets of 8th A.H. century whose poems represent various religious, mystical and social thoughts. Although he used to praise the kings and took financial profits from his poems, this feature never caused him to abandon the spiritual dimensions. The present article, based on library studies and descriptive-analytical method, tries to analysis the libertinistic (rendi) and bohemianistic (qalandari) themes in the ghazals of Salman Savoji. After giving an introduction to Malamatiyya school and theologies of libertinistism (rendi) and bohemianistism (qalandari), we consider these themes in the poems of Salman Savoji. Considering his poems shows that he is one of the most prominent figures of the real mysticism and avoids the ways of people of the cloak (the followers of formal mysticism). He challenges the principles of sufi monastery system and attacks their taboos by highlighting their corrupted values. Salaman is aware of the concept of diffusion of Love in the Divine order, and considers it as a Divine doposit; he abandons his name and fame, leaves mosque and monastery and takes refuge in the vintner's house. According to Salman Savoji, the perfect man is a bohemian libertine (rend) who turns her/his back on the exterior of the sacred Law and resides in cloister of Magians. He believes that the only way to salvation is bohemianistism (qalandari); In this path, the mystic cleans the cloak of hypocrisy with Divine wine and puts aside pragmatism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - A study on effects of mutagenicity of muscle, cartilage and liver of Persian Gulf shark (Sphyrena lewini) , using the bacterium Salmonella thyphimurium
M. Emtiazjoo L. Salimi S. Samadi F. HayatiShark cartilage, liver and muscle may have an inhibitory effect on mutagenicity and accordingly there is a correlation between antimutagenesis and anticarcinogenesis. The use of antimutagens and anticarcinogens in everyday life is the most effective procedure to prevent MoreShark cartilage, liver and muscle may have an inhibitory effect on mutagenicity and accordingly there is a correlation between antimutagenesis and anticarcinogenesis. The use of antimutagens and anticarcinogens in everyday life is the most effective procedure to preventing human cancer and genetic diseases. In this research, we studied the effects of cartilage, muscle and liver extracts of family Sphyrnidae in Persian Gulf on antimutagenicity and antioxidant by Ames test, using Salmonella typhimurium strains in the second phase, especially in the presence and absence of liver microsomal fraction (S9). The number of revertant colonies was compared with negative and positive controls. The results showed that, percentage of antimutagenic and antioxidant effect of cartilage was around 90%. Cartilage extract showed stronger antimutagenic effect in comparison with muscle and liver extracts.Antimutagenic substances may prevent cancer because they can destroy mutagens both inside and outside body cells, and block mutagens that damage DNA and cause mutation in cells. These extracts exhibited an antimutagenic activity that could be beneficial in late as well as early stages of cancer development Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Antibacterial effect of chitosan nanoparticles against Salmonella enteritidis
Esmaeil Mahmoudi Abbas Doosti Mohammad-Saeid JamiBackground & Objectives: Salmonella enteritidis causes a number of infections in humans and other animals. Though different antibiotics are used to eliminate bacterial infections, due to the development of antibiotic resistance after a while, the use of nanoparticle MoreBackground & Objectives: Salmonella enteritidis causes a number of infections in humans and other animals. Though different antibiotics are used to eliminate bacterial infections, due to the development of antibiotic resistance after a while, the use of nanoparticles has been considered as suitable alternatives. Chitosan nanoparticles are appropriate options for the intended strategy due to some properties including low molecular weight and biodegradability. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of chitosan nanoparticles against S. enteritidis. Materials & Methods: Standard bacterial strain was prepared and subsequently confirmed by PCR technique. Ionic gelation method was used to fabricate chitosan nanoparticles and Hole-Plate and tube dilution methods were used to check the chitosan nanoparticles anti-microbial properties with antibiotics. At last Zeta's analysis techniques, dynamic optical scanning, and electron microscopy were used to evaluate nanoparticles. Results: A 214 base pair band confirmed the presence of bacteria. Chitosan nanoparticles with low molecular weight were produced by analyzing the results of optical dynamics scattering (111.7 nm), zeta analysis (20.8 mV) and microscopy (Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between the chitosan nanoparticles resistance and antibiotics against bacteria. In other words, the nanoparticles antibacterial properties were higher than antibiotics. It is deduced that chitosan nanoparticles can be used to control diseases and to destroy resistant bacterial species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - The prevalence of plasmid genes spvB, spvC and spvR in Salmonella enteritidis isolated from poultry industry in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province
masoume daruoshi Abbas Doosti Mohammad KargarBackground & Objectives: Salmonellosis is a one of zoonotic diseases and Salmonella enterica is the most frequent agent of this disease. Some serotypes of Salmonella sp. harbour a plasmid which contains spv operon on it. This operon consists of five genes, namely sp MoreBackground & Objectives: Salmonellosis is a one of zoonotic diseases and Salmonella enterica is the most frequent agent of this disease. Some serotypes of Salmonella sp. harbour a plasmid which contains spv operon on it. This operon consists of five genes, namely spvRABCD. The aim of this study was to determine frequency of plasmid genes spvB, spvC and spvR in Salmonellaisolated from poultry industry in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province. Materials & Methods: This cross – sectional study was carried out on 305 stool samples obtained from poultries located at Charmahal va Bakhtiari province. Following identification of Salmonella based on routine biochemical tests. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used for distinguish the strains and to determine the prevalence of the gene spvB, spvC and spvR. Results: Salmonella were identified in 160 (45.52%) samples, among them 94 cases (75.58%) were identified as Salmonella enteritidis after sefA amplification test. The prevalence of the genes spvB, spvC and spvR were 7.45, 60.76 and 14.69 %, respectively. Conclusion: Due to the prevalence of Salmonella in poultries and to limitation of biochemical and serological tests, employment of molecular tests are very critical for identification of strains of Salmonella enterica and for distinguishing from other strains all around the country. Furthermore, the high prevalence of the plasmid genes involved in systemic infections can be reduced using Antibiotics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Study of the frequency tetA, tetB, tetC, cat3 and floR genes and their role in multidrug resistance in Salmonella enteritidis isolated from traditional cheeses
Elham Doosti Abbas Doosti Ebrahim RahimiBackground & Objectives: Salmonella is a member of Enterobacteriaceae. Dairy products, such as cheese, are one of the environmental sources of these bacteria. This study was performed to isolate Salmonella enteritidis collected from traditional cheese produced in Ch MoreBackground & Objectives: Salmonella is a member of Enterobacteriaceae. Dairy products, such as cheese, are one of the environmental sources of these bacteria. This study was performed to isolate Salmonella enteritidis collected from traditional cheese produced in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province, and also to study the frequency of associated gene with drug resistance. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 samples of traditional cheese were collected from Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province. Bacterial culture and biochemical tests were used to isolate and identify Salmonella strains. PCR assay was used for final diagnosis of Salmonella genus and direct detection of S. Enteritidis, and also to study the frequency of tetA, tetB, tetC, cat3 and floR genes. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to perform the antibiogram tests. Results: Overall, 32 (32%) cases out of 100 samples were detected as Salmonella contamination. Of these, 10% (31/25 cases) of samples belonged to S. enteritidis. The highest frequency of antibiotic gene resistant belonged to tetC (70%). The highest antibiotic resistance (100%) was related to tetracycline and the highest sensitivity (100%) was related to cefotaxime. Conclusion: The results of present study showed that S. enteritidis carry high frequencies of antibiotic resistance genes. The presence of high resistance to chloramphenicol and tetracycline can be because of the presence of these genes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Isolation of Vi antigen from Salmonella Typhi Ty2 and its animal test for preparation of vaccine
Majid Moghbeli Ali Akbar Shaebani Elaheh AkbariFarBackground and objective: Typhoid is a worldwide disease. Salmonella Typhi is the most common agent causing typhoid. It is difficult to treat typhoid due to antibiotics multiple resistance and the bacterium is menace for future epidemic. Vaccination is the most successf MoreBackground and objective: Typhoid is a worldwide disease. Salmonella Typhi is the most common agent causing typhoid. It is difficult to treat typhoid due to antibiotics multiple resistance and the bacterium is menace for future epidemic. Vaccination is the most successful method against this diseases. The aim of this study is isolation of Vi antigen from Salmonella Typhi Ty2 and evaluation of it immunogenicity in animal model. Material and methods: In this research, Salmonella Typhi Ty2 was cultured in Muller Hinton Agar Medium. After harvesting the cells and to suspention them into physiologic serum, polysaccharide capsule was extracted by precipitation with cetavlone. A mount of Nucleic acid in the sample were tested with Spectrophotometere at 260 nm and amount of protein were investigated with Bradford method and SDS-PAGE and the Immunodiffusion method were used to study of isolated Vi antigen. In final, immunogenesity of Vi antigen was tested in mouse. Result: Amount of Nucleic acid and protein in the isolated sample were 0.08 µg/ml and 2.59µg respectively. In the SDS-PAGE, smear band of the Standard Vi was similar to isolated sample completely. The precipitation band in the Immunodiffusion method was confirmed to presence Vi antigen. In the study of Vi antigen on the mouse, 80 percent immunity was been created. Also injection in Rabbit showed that LPS level in the sample is not cause much fever. Conclusion: With regard to non producing the Human Vaccine of Typhoid in Iran, to be able use of this method for isolation of Vi antigen and introduce it as a vaccine candidate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Comparison of bacterial culture, ELISA and PCR techniques for detection of salmonella in poultry meat samples collected from Tehran
Mohsen Hosseinpour Azar Sabokbar Amir Bakhtiari Shahnaz Parsa -
Open Access Article
103 - The comparison between molecular and bacteriological detection for identification of abortion agents caused by Brucella and Salmonella in sheep in Shahrekord town
Ali Sharifzadeh Abbas Doosti Mohsen GaafarianBackground and Objective: Brucella spp and Salmonella abortus ovis are important causes of ovine abortion around the world. Both Bacteria can be serologically diagnosed, but many factors may cause false positive and negative results. Direct methods based on bacteriologi MoreBackground and Objective: Brucella spp and Salmonella abortus ovis are important causes of ovine abortion around the world. Both Bacteria can be serologically diagnosed, but many factors may cause false positive and negative results. Direct methods based on bacteriological isolation are usual, but they are difficult, time consuming and dangerous. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been successfully described for the detection of Brucella spp. and Salmonella abortus ovis. Material and Methods: The detection of these agents in aborted ovine fetuses by multiplex PCR is described. The mPCR was applied to 38 fetal stomach contents. 5(13.1%) samples collected from ovine fetus were Brucella spp. Results: 19 (50%) samples collected were salmonella abortus ovis. 10 (26.3%) samples collected were negative and 4 (10.6%) samples collected were Brucella spp. and Salmonella abortus ovis .in Bacteriological examination 5(13.1%)samples collected from ovine fetus were Brucella spp. 9(23.7%)samples collected were salmonella abortus ovis and 24 (63.2%) samples collected were negative. Conclusion: Simplicity and the possibility of detection of both bactera in a single tube reaction support the use of the mPCR in the routine diagnosis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Inhibitory Effect of Lactobacillus strains isolated from the feces of children on the pathogenic bacteria of the intestines and stomach
Keramatollah Dorri Vahid Hemayatkhah Jahromi Najmeh Namdar Hosein Kargar JahromiBackground and Objective: Lactic acid bacteria are characterized as gram positive, usually non motile, non-spore forming bacteria that affect the health conditions of their hosts due to production of lactic acid and other fermentative yields. The aim of this study was t MoreBackground and Objective: Lactic acid bacteria are characterized as gram positive, usually non motile, non-spore forming bacteria that affect the health conditions of their hosts due to production of lactic acid and other fermentative yields. The aim of this study was to isolate Lactobacillus strains from stool sample of children and to determine their antimicrobial activity against common pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Helicobacter pylori. Material and methods: The bacteria were isolated from the stool samples via cultivation on MRS agar media. Identification of the lactobacilli was performed based on their morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. Inhibitory effect of isolated lactobacilli on pathogenic bacteria was assessed by well diffusion and disk diffusion methods. After centrifuging the cultured bacteria and their sedimentation in the tubes, the pathogenic bacteria were plated on MRS agar. Following adding 100µl lactobacillus supernatant to the wells, the results were interpreted after 24-48 h. Result: 19 samples out of 40 samples (47.5 %) had inhibitory effect on the studied pathogenic bacteria. L. plantarum, L. fermentum and L. rhamnosus were isolated more than other species. Maximum inhibitory effects of lactobacilli were observed against Escherichia coli and Salmonella. The widest antimicrobial hollow were obtained when the pathogenic bacteria were exposed to the supernatants of L. rhamnosus and L.fermentum. Conclusion: In conclusion, the result showed that Lactobacillus strains are useful for treatment of persistent diarrhea and gastrointestinal disease and their consumption as dairy products would be effective for both prevention and treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Foreign policy strategy of Mohammed bin Salman and its security requirements for Iran
Omid Azizyan Hossein Rafie Ali Akbar JafariAfter entering the power system in Saudi Arabia, Mohammed bin Salman, made great changes to the Saudi foreign policy strategy. By leaving the traditional strategy of defensive policy, he conducts an offensive strategy against Iran and the middle east and north Africa re MoreAfter entering the power system in Saudi Arabia, Mohammed bin Salman, made great changes to the Saudi foreign policy strategy. By leaving the traditional strategy of defensive policy, he conducts an offensive strategy against Iran and the middle east and north Africa regions. Meanwhile, changing the coalition patterns in the region in the form of alliance with Israel, the NATO plan and trying to retain American military in the region has threatened national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. However, the present study aims to answer the question of what requirements the foreign policy strategy of Mohammad bin Salman in the region has created for the foreign policy and national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran? In this paper, "the security of the Copenhagen school" and "aggressive constructivism" have been used as a theoretical framework. Research methodology and data collecting are descriptive-analytical and library-documentary approaches. The findings indicate that the increasing closeness of Saudi to Israel, trying to create an Arab front along with Egypt and the United Arab Emirates, Riyadh 's attempt to move closer to the United States and bring this country to a wide contrast with Iran, has touched Iran 's national security at two levels of confrontation and detente. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Sinusoidal Relation between Iran and Britain after the Islamic Revolution
Jahanbakhsh Mohebbimia Alireza Amini Hasan SanatiAfter the Islamic revolution, relations between Iran and the UK have unique constraints which mainly were because of the lack of acceptance of new facts by the British after the revolution.In contrast to this view of the analysis, it can be noted in relation to Iran.Sin MoreAfter the Islamic revolution, relations between Iran and the UK have unique constraints which mainly were because of the lack of acceptance of new facts by the British after the revolution.In contrast to this view of the analysis, it can be noted in relation to Iran.Since the advent of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the region and internationally was not in interests of the British andIran had the capacity to influence the avarice of England, this country always been its endeavor to weaken or intensify pressure on Iran, and this procedure is unfriendly to continue.The most important are the British government plans to support Iraq during the Iran-Iraq war, Salman Rushdi issue,European Union accord and pioneer of the American and British governments in actions against Iran in the UN Security Council andcatapult the legitimate rights of the Iranian people to access peaceful nuclear technology.This paper attempts to examine the rise and fall of relations between Iran and England after the Islamic Revolution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - اثر محلول های فعال کننده اسپرم بر کارایی تکثیر مصنوعی ماهی آزاد پرورشی دریای خزر(Salmo trutta caspius)
شقایق رضا خانی علی صادق پور حسین خارا رضا لرستانی -
Open Access Article
108 - The Prevalence of Salmonella Enteritidis in Packaged and Tray Eggs Samples, Qazvin, Iran
Zahra Rahimi Razzagh Mahmoudi Peyman Ghajarbeyg Shaghayegh Mosavi Ali Mehrabi -
Open Access Article
109 - Effects of Alginate Coating Containing Zataria multiflora Essential Oil in the Form of an Emulsion Gel and Nano-emulsion on the Chemical Quality and Sensory Properties of Rainbow Trout Fillet
Mohammad Hashemi Saba Sadat Salehi Mitra Rezaie Saeed Khanzadi Asma Afshari -
Open Access Article
110 - Isolation and Recognition Infection Fungus of Salmo trutta caspius Skin in Fish Farming of the Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran
عیسی غلامپور عزیزی سید مهدی حسینی فرد سمانه روحی حمید مقتدرGrowingpopulation and the need to protein requirement forhuman societiesdevelop different systems for livestock, poultry and aquaculture provides. Caspian salmon (Salmo trutta caspius) is a species of native and migratory sea is also very important and nutritional and e MoreGrowingpopulation and the need to protein requirement forhuman societiesdevelop different systems for livestock, poultry and aquaculture provides. Caspian salmon (Salmo trutta caspius) is a species of native and migratory sea is also very important and nutritional and economic value is of particular interest. Aim this research is identifies and isolates pathogenic fungi from the skin of salmon fish farm sector of the Caspian Sea in Mazandaran (Savadkoh, Lafor - Ghazal Farm).Samples were taken from the skin of four fish weighing on the average 1300 gr in the spring 2011. Samples were transferred to Saborod Dextrose Agar, Glucose Peptone Agar and distilled water with hemp-seed in the room temperature.In this study Saprolegnia parasitica, Achlya (20.83%), Aspergillus(16.66%), Penicillium(12.5%), Acremonium (9.72%), Fusarium(8.33%), Sepedonium(8.33%), Alternaria(5.55%), Rhizopus(4.16%)Cladosporium (1.38%), Helminthosporium(4.16%), Drechslera(1.38%), were isolated from the skin of fish. Pathogenicfungus spores are everywhere and fish may be infected. So the problems in the fish treatment, lack of access to necessary medical advances of fish and high cost of drugs needed to treat, breeders must regardonbreeding and growth of fish. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Determination of the Relative Population of Salmonella in Poultry Gastrointestinal Tract Using PCR Method
علیرضا صیداویThis study was conducted in order to determining of relative population of Salmonella spp. in various parts of poultry gastrointestinal tract using semi- quantitative PCR technique. It was removed gut contents and extracted their DNA. It is used polymerase chain reactio MoreThis study was conducted in order to determining of relative population of Salmonella spp. in various parts of poultry gastrointestinal tract using semi- quantitative PCR technique. It was removed gut contents and extracted their DNA. It is used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and semi- quantitative PCR technique for investigation on relative population of these bacteria. It was obtained a specific band for detecting of mentioned bacterium using a set specific primer and also a specific band for detecting of all bacteria. Then, it was determined relative population of Salmonella spp. relative to total gut bacteria using semi- quantitative PCR technique. Result analysis was showed Salmonella spp. consists 0.12% and 0.11% of total duodenum and jejunum bacteria respectively. Also it was showed Salmonella spp. consists 0.16% and 0.39% of total ileum and cecum bacteria respectively. Meanwhile Salmonella spp. consists 0.38%, 0.18% and 0.06% of total intestine bacteria at 4, 14 and 30 day of ages. Furthermore it was showed at 4 day of ages Salmonella spp. consists 0.28%, 0.11%, 0.16% and 0.91% of total bacteria in duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecum respectively. Thus it can state relative population of Salmonella spp. in lower parts i.e. ileum andcecum were higher than upper parts i.e. duodenumand jejunum. Obtained results showed Salmonella spp. populations were variable in various intestine parts and correlated with functions and physicochemical conditions of intestine parts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Bacterial Study of the Caudal Fin Rot in Brood Stocks of Salmo trutta caspius from the Propagation and Breeding Center of Shahid Bahonar of Kelardasht Region with Emphasis on Aeromonas sp. and Pseudomonas sp.
علیرضا گلچین منشادی مهدی سلطانی رضا عصارهIn order to study caudal fin rot with emphasis on Aeromonassp. and Pseudomonassp. in Salmo trutta caspiusfrom the salmonids propagation and breeding center of Shahid Bahonar of kelardasht region, One hundred and eighty brood stocks having fin damage symptoms were chosen MoreIn order to study caudal fin rot with emphasis on Aeromonassp. and Pseudomonassp. in Salmo trutta caspiusfrom the salmonids propagation and breeding center of Shahid Bahonar of kelardasht region, One hundred and eighty brood stocks having fin damage symptoms were chosen. Two bacterial samples from each fish were cultured on Aeromonasand Pseudomonas specific media. After incubation biochemical tests for diagnosing isolated colonies of Aeromonassp. and Pseudomonassp. were performed.The results of biochemical tests showed that isolated bacteriaof Aeromonassp. were belonged to Aeromonas caviae and Aeromonas hydrophila (sub species anaerogenes) by 75% and 25%frequency respectively and bacteriaof Pseudomonassp. were belonged to Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas alcaligenes by 42.1% ,36.48% and 21.05% frequency respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - The Effect of lactobacillus spp and bifidobacterium longum on heamatological factors in famale BALB/c mice infected with salmonella typhimurium
زینب عزیزی پور مهدی رهنما رضا شاپوریProbiotics are live microorganisms that consuming them increase health. It is used in treating and resolving gastrointestinal infections in humans and animals, caused by Salmonella typhimurium. Therefore the aim of this research is to study the effects of probioticandrs MoreProbiotics are live microorganisms that consuming them increase health. It is used in treating and resolving gastrointestinal infections in humans and animals, caused by Salmonella typhimurium. Therefore the aim of this research is to study the effects of probioticandrsquo;s mixture on prevention and treatment of female mice BALB/c infected with Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, and to investigate the effects of Probiotics mixture on the blood indices and serum cholesterol level of the infected mice. In this study 18 female mice BALB/c aging 6-8 weeks were chosen and divided into three groups of six: experimental, sham and control. After treating the experimental group with a mixture of probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus Ramnosus andBifidobacterium Longum) and sham with normal saline orally for 35 days, 1ml of suspension of bacteria (103 CFU / ml) was injected intraperitoneally to the mice in the three groups. After the pre-treatment period, blood samples were takes for testing blood indices. After dissecting the mice and removing spleen, the spleen homogenization was performed and the number of bacteria was counted. According to the results, mixture of probiotic reduced the number of Salmonella typhimurium, spleen and liver indices, reduced liver and spleen weights and increased the number of lymphocyte Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Analysis and identification of fungal skin infection Caspian salmon () Salmo trutta caspius on farms Mazandaran Province aquaculture
نیوشا علاقمندان مطلق علی حائری روحانی محمدرضا زرین دست محمد ناصحیɣ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA is found in all areas and has been implicated in the modulation of memory. Three general classes of GABA receptor are known. GABAb receptors were shown to mediate presynaptic inhibitio Moreɣ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA is found in all areas and has been implicated in the modulation of memory. Three general classes of GABA receptor are known. GABAb receptors were shown to mediate presynaptic inhibition on some nerve endings and postsynaptic inhibition on some cell bodies or dendrites. There is evidence to suggest that the hippocampus plays major roles in short term memory and spatial navigation and dorsal hippocampal interneurons are related to GABAergic systems, the goal of these experiments was investigation the possible involvement of CA1 GABAergic system (GABA b receptor) on spatial and non-spatial memory. In this experiment, 64 male mice (NMRI) with an average weight of 25-30 g, in groups of 8 animals were used. Mice were anesthetized using the intra-peritoneal injection of ketamine hydrochloride (50 mg/kg) plus xylazine (5 mg/kg) and placed in a stereotactic apparatus. Seven days after recovery from surgery, the behavioral testing was started. Novelty apparatus was used for the assessment of spatial and non-spatial memory retention. One-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey analysis revealed that, sole intra-CA1 injection of baclofen (GABAb receptor agonist) immediately after training (S4),potentially impairs spatial novelty detection and sole intra-CA1 injection of phaclofen (GABAb receptor antagonist) immediately after training (S4),potentially impairs non-spatial novelty detection. In finally the data postulated that CA1 GABAb receptor involved in spatial and non-spatial memory novelty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Investigation of Grows Condition of Salmo trutta fario in Lar Reservoir Lake v
سیدمحمد صلواتیان کیوان عباسی قباد آذری تاکامی مهدی مرادی شاهین بختیاری آق مسجدFor this study which is done in2008-2009, 140Caspian salmon (Salmo trutta fario) fish were grows condition, in Lar Reservoir Lake. During the study, some biometric specification such as length, weight, age, gonad weight and condition factor of Fulton and Clark in both s MoreFor this study which is done in2008-2009, 140Caspian salmon (Salmo trutta fario) fish were grows condition, in Lar Reservoir Lake. During the study, some biometric specification such as length, weight, age, gonad weight and condition factor of Fulton and Clark in both sexes were examined. The male fish in the water source(85samples), with total body length15to32.6cm, Fork length14.3to31.9cm and body weight40to451.3gr. Body weight without offal29to393.3gr, and Fulton index 0.84to1.60, Clark0.68to1.35, absolute weight of gonad15to 28.03gr. Weight of gonad respectively was0.17to12.56per cent of body weight. And age2to6years were variable. Lar female fish of water source (55sample), with total body length14.2to46.2cm, Fork length13.7to44.8cm, body weight 28.6to893,94gr, body weight without offal25.0to762gr, Fulton index0/89to1/56, Clark index0.74to1.19, the absolute weight of gonad0.08to59.86gr, the respective weight of gonad0.12to20.03body weight, absolute fecundity119to1088eggs, Age2to7years were variable. Gonad fish maturity whether in male or female in this study were between 2to5. By the Kruskal-Wallis test, Fulton index values between the two sexes , male(1.26 ± 0.01) and female(1.21 ± 0.02) and also in Clark index between two sexes male(1.06 ± 0.02) and female(0.99 ± 0.01) statistical differences were observed (P0.05). But the variance analysis differences between the male and female from the perspective of indices absolute and respective weight of gonad were showed (P vvvvvv Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Analysis of " The Salim and Salma Poetry " based on the morphological theory of Propp
Farhad Falahat Khah leila adlparvarAbstract Propp, the Russian folklorist, has presented a pattern for the analysis of fairy tales. He believes that it is applicable to the other Indo – European folkloric tales, too. The writers of this paper have decided to analyze " The Salim and Salma's Poetry MoreAbstract Propp, the Russian folklorist, has presented a pattern for the analysis of fairy tales. He believes that it is applicable to the other Indo – European folkloric tales, too. The writers of this paper have decided to analyze " The Salim and Salma's Poetry " by using the morphological theory of Propp which comprises thirty one functions. By recounting those functions and their components we wanted to determine what applications are available and what are not according to Propp's methods. To achieve the accurate results from this study, we analyzed the story by using Propp's method as far as it was possible, by utilizing tables and charts. The dutifulness , extracted linking elements, horizontal – vertical charts and also motion charts of the tale were stated in the form of a formula. Finally tales' characters and overall structure of story were elaborated to the readers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - The Concept of joyance and its Synonyms from the View Point of Khayyam , Khagani and Salman Sawaji
Mas'ud Partovi Nejad Foomani Mohammad Reza Shad Manamen Alireza NikooeeAbstract Joyance, the internal tranquility, which causes the human mentality to understand and have pleasure, is manifested by cheerfulness and smiling expression in man. Nowadays, numerous criteria are introduced to create jo MoreAbstract Joyance, the internal tranquility, which causes the human mentality to understand and have pleasure, is manifested by cheerfulness and smiling expression in man. Nowadays, numerous criteria are introduced to create joy and relative decrease of sadness which some of them have little or short term impact on hilarity of man. Literature and poems of poets have had increasing effect on people's minds and souls in different settings. One of the most significant matters from the view point of poets is joyance and its derivatives; therefore, in this essay, we have tried to investigate the matter of happiness from the three poets' perspectives, and it was revealed that Khayyam, besides his philosophical and mathematical insights , considers the world ephemeral and invites people to joy and happiness and to take advantage from the short life. Khagani, in addition to his knowledge in other sciences, calls his readers to have pleasure in life and by alluding to festivals, ceremonies, and kings' feasts and description of nature encourages the common people to have high spirit. Salman Sawaji considers love mostly spiritual and emphasizes on internal joy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Investigation on diet preference of Salmo trutta fario in Shafarud River (Guilan Province)
Seyyed Mohammad Salavatian Keyvan Abbasi Akbar Pourgholami Hamid Abdollahpour BiriyaSalmo trutta fario is vulnerable population belong to Caspian brown trout and the fish exists in upstream areas of most Iranian rivers at southern Caspian sea basin and it has a relatively suitable density in Shafarud River. The fish was caught with electro-shocker, Cas MoreSalmo trutta fario is vulnerable population belong to Caspian brown trout and the fish exists in upstream areas of most Iranian rivers at southern Caspian sea basin and it has a relatively suitable density in Shafarud River. The fish was caught with electro-shocker, Cast-net and lines from winter 2009 to autumn 2010 and the aim was more information on the fish, biology. Body weight was measured in studied fish specimens 7.54-78.4 (26.54±14.7) g, total length 89-192 (128.43±21.8) mm and age was 0+ - 4+ (2.15±0.8) years old, too. The relative length average of gut was measured 0.85±0.10, gastero-somatic index 6.08±3.5, intensity of food, 195.45±157.4 and coefficient of vacuity was 0 (Zero), too. The fish has fed on 31 families belong to 14 invertebrate orders in Shafarud River consist of Oligochaet vorms (Lumbricidae and Lumbriculidae), Isopoda (Asellidae), Hydroacrina (Hygrobatidae), Myriapoda, Coleoptera (Dytiscidae and Elmidae), Diptera (Blephariceridae, Chironomidae, Empididae, Simuliidae, Stratiomyidae, Tabanidae and Tipulidae), Ephemeroptera (Baetidae, Ephemeridae and Heptagenidae), Hymenoptera (Formicidae), Megaloptera (Sialidae), Odonata (Agrionidae), Plecoptera (Leucteridae, Nemouridae, Taeniopterygidae and Perlidae), Trichoptera (Hydropsychidae, Lepidostomatidae, Limnephilidae, Philopotamidae and Rhyacophilidae) and Hemiptera and thus the fish is a euryphagous and carnivore species in studied area. Study on food preference or frequency of observance of food items in alimentary tract of studied fish showed Diptera and Ephemeroptera orders are main food items in winter, Diptera, Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera orders in spring, Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Plecoptera and Hymenoptera orders in summer and Diptera and Ephemeroptera orders in autumn, too. These changes took place in different fish ages, too. In general, Diptera (97.9%), Ephemeroptera (83.3%), Plecoptera (52.1%) and Trichoptera (52.1%) were main food for the studied fish in Shafarud River and other orders were secondary or accidental food. Keywords: Salmo trutta fario, Diet, Shafarud River, Guilan, Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - A Survey of the Effects of Stocking Density on Growth Factors of (Salmo trutta caspius)
elham gholiyan masoumeh bahr kazemi azin mohagheghi aliasghar saeediThis study was done to determine the effects of stocking density on growth factors of salmo trutta caspius. For this purpose , fingerlings with initial weight 7.25 + 0.4 g were distributed in 3 treatments with density of 50, 75 and 100 fish per each m3 and cultured for MoreThis study was done to determine the effects of stocking density on growth factors of salmo trutta caspius. For this purpose , fingerlings with initial weight 7.25 + 0.4 g were distributed in 3 treatments with density of 50, 75 and 100 fish per each m3 and cultured for 60 days. The growth factors (BWI, LI, SGR, CF, and FCR) and survival rate were measured. The results showed that with density increase some of the growth factors which contain BWI, LI and SGR were decreased but some others (CF, FCR) were increased ( p<0.05). Also the density of stocking had no effect on survival rates of treatments (p>0.05). In Conclusion, by study on growth factors and survival rate, the best results were observed in lower density (50 fish per each m3). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Comparison of corpus analysis and of fatty acid profiles between rainbow trout of river and farm (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and red speckled trout (Salmo trutta fario) from Haraz River
Niloofar Fallah Mehrnoush Norouzi Taghi Mohammadi FotemiThe purpose of this study was to determine the chemical composition and fatty acid profile of muscle tissue in three groups of salmonids including:Rainbow trout river and farmed (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and red speckled trout (Salmo trutta fario(.A total of 27 rainbow trou MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine the chemical composition and fatty acid profile of muscle tissue in three groups of salmonids including:Rainbow trout river and farmed (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and red speckled trout (Salmo trutta fario(.A total of 27 rainbow trout of river and red speckled trout from the river Haraz and farmed fish were sampled from around the Haraz River. The samples were transferred frozen to the laboratory. The carcass composition biometry was conducted and then the fatty acid profiles were prepared with three replications. According to biometric and carcass analysis (ash, moisture, protein and fat), there was no significant difference between the three groups (P <0.05).The highest amount of saturated fatty acids content of (SFA) 24.85 ± 0.87, monounsaturated (MUFA) of 48.33 ± 1.06 and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) of 45.95 in river trout, speckled red and farmed there was a significant difference between the three species (p < 0.05). But in the omega-3, omega-6 EPA and DHA, there was no significant difference between species. The ratio of ω-3/ω-6 was higher than one in all species. The highest ratio of ω-3/ω-6 were observed in farmed trout 3.30± 0/625, red spotted trout 2.44± 0.458 and river trout 2.36± 0.706. In all three groups of ω-3/ω-6 was higher than the recommended dose of experts. Based on the results a river trout, farmed and red speckled trout are very rich in nutritional value. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Effect of stocking density on growth parameters, immune factors and stress rate of Caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius)
Elham Gholiyan Masoumeh Bahr Kazemi Azin Mohaqeq Samari Ali Asghar SaeediThis study considered the effect of stocking density on ‚immune factors and stress rate in brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius). Scrods have been saved on 3 accumulations 50‚75 and 100 in each cub meter with primary weight mean 7/25±0/4 g.the duration o MoreThis study considered the effect of stocking density on ‚immune factors and stress rate in brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius). Scrods have been saved on 3 accumulations 50‚75 and 100 in each cub meter with primary weight mean 7/25±0/4 g.the duration of experience period was 60 days .cortisol hormone rate and immune factors such as immunoglubolin (Igm)‚ complemans (c3‚c4) and total protein and calcium have evaluated.the results indicate that it has an increasing accumulation on safe factors such as immunoglubolin(Igm)‚complemans(c3‚c4)‚total protein‚ blood calcium and the rate of cortisol hormone has not a significant effect (P>0.05). Although the parameters related to stocking density in brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius and have increased dietary change coefficient‚ but this increasing on the range of used stocking density of this study was not stressor for scrod and has not an effect on immune factors of fishes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - A study on the reasons influencing Bank rears in fish ponds of Haraz River
Mohammad Sadiq Nikpour Nasser Ali Yadollahzadeh Tabari Reza ChangiziBased on the theoretical principles and conducted empirical studies on deferred credit, we can divide the factors such as individual and social characteristics of the borrower, bank status and environmental conditions. In this paper the affective factors of paid credit MoreBased on the theoretical principles and conducted empirical studies on deferred credit, we can divide the factors such as individual and social characteristics of the borrower, bank status and environmental conditions. In this paper the affective factors of paid credit facilities are considered deeply. Since the population was small, all the experts regarded as the sample. This research considers the effective factors using AHP method. Among these criterions, based on bank experts' views, the following weights were considered; bank status 0/199, individual and social characteristics 0/212 and environmental factors 0/588. So the criteria of environmental factor have the most weight in this research. In general, among 15 criterions, fluctuating exchange rate, natural events, sales and inflation problems are in the first to fourth respectively. Finally, it is suggested that the government must follow some control policies to develop the exchange rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Comparing morphomeristic Brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) in the rivers of Havigh and Shafaroud in Gilan Province
Mohammad Salavatian Keyvan Abbasi Akbar Pourgholami Moghadam Toraj Sohrabi Langroudi Hamid Abdollahpour BiriaSalmo trutta fario is a vulnerable population and usually upstream of most of the rivers in the Southern Caspian Sea and inland waters. The fish which is in the rivers of Havigh Astara and Shafaroud Rezvanshahr population and hence, respectively, 41 and 32 with a MoreSalmo trutta fario is a vulnerable population and usually upstream of most of the rivers in the Southern Caspian Sea and inland waters. The fish which is in the rivers of Havigh Astara and Shafaroud Rezvanshahr population and hence, respectively, 41 and 32 with a fishing device, electric, tour throw the hook in the years 2009 and 2010 catches and characteristics of morphometric and meristic were studied. Studied fish in the river of Shafaroud weighs 7.54 to 78.4 (29.65 ± 16.7) gr and fork length 85 to 184 (125.8 ± 22.4) mm and has weight in the river of Havigh 11.3 to 73.8 (26.17 ± 16.4) gr and fork length of 94 to 176 (121.6 ± 22.8) mm, respectively. The number of scales on the lateral line is 104 to 139, the number of scales between the adipose fin and lateral line is 14 to 19, the number of rays soft . The results show that the significant difference between the head length and head height, the length of the upper jaw, eye diameter, height maximum and minimum body height of the dorsal and anal fins, the pectoral and ventral fins. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Detection of Rota virus, corona virus, E.coli (k99), cryptosporidium and salmonella in diarrheic calves (up to one month old) in Tehran province farms
, F Moosakhani آریا Badiei A.H Asadi حامد Asadi علیرضا Shaghayegh محسن Mozaffari The aim of the current study was to estimate the prevalence of five major enteropathogens in under 1 month old diarrheic claves in Tehran province.also, the relationship between season with occurrence these Enteropathogens and comparison the result More The aim of the current study was to estimate the prevalence of five major enteropathogens in under 1 month old diarrheic claves in Tehran province.also, the relationship between season with occurrence these Enteropathogens and comparison the results with other geographical regions were evaluated.135 fecal samples from diarrheic calves (under 1 momnth old) collected from 25 farms in Tehran province between April 2010 to June 2011.samples were examined for rotavirus,corona virus,E.coli(k99) and cryptosporidium by using capture Elisa and culturing for samonella spp.salmonella infected samples were serotyped by standard antiserum.Chi-square test was used to determine season association with five enteric pathogens prevalence.totally infection rate from 135 fecal samples , cryptosporidium in 53 samples(39.2%), Rota virus in 43 samples(31.8%),Salmonella spp in 13 samples(9.6%), Corona virus in 12 samples(8.8%) and E.coli (k99) in 8 samples(5.9%) were detected.from 13 salmonella isolated samples,seven of them (5.18%) were typed as salmonella serogroup D and six of them(4.4%) were typed as salmonella serogroup B.the result of this study indicated that cryptosporidium and rotavirus were the most frequently identified pathogens in this study.also season had significant association with salmonella,rota virus and E.coli(k99) prevalence.(p-value<0.05-confident interval (C.I)=95%). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - spic and rfbjB Genes studies in isolated Salmonella strains from poultry in sari
میترا Salehi, سمیه Mohammadi,salmonella is a Gram-negative bacterium that can cause infection in humans and a wide range of animals suchas human and farm animels such as cattle, poultry, pig and reptiles, which can be transmitted to humans throughinfected food. In this study, PCR was used to detect Moresalmonella is a Gram-negative bacterium that can cause infection in humans and a wide range of animals suchas human and farm animels such as cattle, poultry, pig and reptiles, which can be transmitted to humans throughinfected food. In this study, PCR was used to detect salmonella in chicken intestine. In this study, 100 samplesof chicken intestines was prepared from aviculture around the city of Sari. All samples were examined usingbiochemical and biological methods. DNA samples was extracted by MBST kit and PCR method was employedby rfbjB and SpiC primers related to rfbjB and SpiC genes. The results of biochemical testing and culture methodson 100 samples collected from chicken intestine, 30 Salmonella was detected. Reults showed that all isolatedsamples contained SpiC gene and 50% contained rfbjB gene. these results indicate that this PCR assay is a simple,Rapid, reliable and reproducible method for identifcation of salmonella that will aid surveillance , prevention andcontrol of this pathogen Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, the intI1 and Sul1 genes in Salmonella Enteritidis strains isolated from livestock and poultry
میترا Salehi, پریسا Mobaseri, , F HosseiniBacterial antibiotic resistance has become a worldwide public health problem with direct impact on food safety.Salmonella is an important cause of food-borne gastroenteritis in humans, and diarrhea and sometimes septicemiain animals. Integrons are genetic elements that MoreBacterial antibiotic resistance has become a worldwide public health problem with direct impact on food safety.Salmonella is an important cause of food-borne gastroenteritis in humans, and diarrhea and sometimes septicemiain animals. Integrons are genetic elements that recognize and capture mobile gene cassettes, which usuallyencode antimicrobial drug resistance determinants. Integrons are usually found in association with transposonsand plasmids. The study included 31 Salmonella Enteritidis isolates collected in Iran, in 2012. The isolates wererecovered from animal sources. All samples were assessed by culture method and standard biochemical tests fordiagnosis of Salmonella strains. After DNA extraction the presence of intI1 and Sul1 genes were examined byPCR. The most common resistance phenotypes were to cefalothin (100%), ampicillin (54/8%), chloramphenicol(51/6%), tetracycline (45/1%), sulfamethoxazole (41/9%), amoxicillin / clavulanate (38/7%). The intI1 gene wasfound in (47%) and (42/8%) and the sul1 gene in (35/2%) and (35/7%) of Salmonella isolates from livestock andpoultry respectively. Integron positive isolates had higher resistance to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, ampicillinsulfamethoxazole and amoxicillin / clavulanate compared with integron negative isolates. The ability of Integronsto integrate resistance gene to antimicrobial agents improves the diffusion of antibiotic resistance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Investigation of Salmonella enteritidis contamination in chicken and quail meat sold in Khuzestan province
Zahra Motaghi Hossein Khodabandeh shahraki mahla elahiniaSalmonellosis is caused by Salmonella bacteria and is one of the most common food-borne diseases that is accompanied by diarrhea, mild fever, nausea, abdominal pain and even death. This study was conducted in order to isolate and identify common Salmonella serotypes in MoreSalmonellosis is caused by Salmonella bacteria and is one of the most common food-borne diseases that is accompanied by diarrhea, mild fever, nausea, abdominal pain and even death. This study was conducted in order to isolate and identify common Salmonella serotypes in chicken and quail meat. For this purpose, 100 meat samples, including 50 chicken meat and 50 quail meat samples, were collected from distribution centers in Khuzestan province and after cultivation and isolation of salmonella and genome extraction, they were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction method. The results showed that 5 out of 100 samples were infected with Salmonella enteritidis. According to the results, it is very important to apply periodic microbial monitoring and tests and more measures from the officials of the provincial veterinary department in order to reduce the amount of microbial contamination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Analysis of the moving forward force in the narrative in the tale of Feraydun in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh
mokhtar ebrahimiAbstract In view of the deep structure of diabolical malevolence and courageous vengeance regarded as a certainty and recognized as a mythological notion this article is concerned with the analysis of the tale of Feraydun where it becomes intertwined with the tale of Ja MoreAbstract In view of the deep structure of diabolical malevolence and courageous vengeance regarded as a certainty and recognized as a mythological notion this article is concerned with the analysis of the tale of Feraydun where it becomes intertwined with the tale of Jamshid and Zahhak. What makes the story move towards the tragedy of the death of the first national hero, Iraj although at first glance is Salm and Tur’s greed, however taking into account the characteristic feature of the two brothers that is their satanic malevolence, is the factor which shapes the deep structure of the tale, and eventually lead to the death of a wise brother a kind hero who in all respects differs from the other two. Therefore it must be mentioned that one of the deep structures of the tales in Shahnameh in particular the tale of Feraydun is the concept of vengeance and retribution which in inherent in the beliefs and characteristic features of the heroes. The important point in this analysis is the antiquated opposition between the myth of divine good versus diabolical bad which eventually in the battle of Feraydun with Turan and Rum turns into the dispute over lands with opposing political and national interests and ever since this aspect lingers on. Manuscript profile
Sanad
Sanad is a platform for managing Azad University publications
Links
Related Centers
Technical Support
Official pages
The rights to this website are owned by the Raimag Press Management System.
Copyright © 2021-2024