Flora

Open Access Article

1 - Evaluation of Zataria multiflora and Salvia leriifolia extract on the physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics in sausage formulation during refrigerated storage
Nasrin Choobkar Maryam Mousavi Abdoreza Aghajani

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2 - Evaluation of Zataria multiflora and Salvia leriifolia extract on the physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of sausage during refrigerated storage
Maryam Mousavi Nasrin Choobkar Abdoreza Aghajani

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Open Access Article

3 - Investigation of Plants Biological form and flora watershed ivar
حمید علی پور آرش ملکیان میرمسعود خیرخواه زرکش سعید قره چلو

Floristic composition of the vegetation in the study of management and conservation of biodiversity is of particular importance. Maintenance, management, protection and rational utilization of rangeland ecosystems requires an understanding of all aspects of them. Also u More

Floristic composition of the vegetation in the study of management and conservation of biodiversity is of particular importance. Maintenance, management, protection and rational utilization of rangeland ecosystems requires an understanding of all aspects of them. Also use of native plant species and the amount of people asking Khvshkhvarky animal species found in this region. Results indicate the general area was identified 109 plant species belonging to 24 plant dark. The largest plant families in terms of number of species, including 21 species Astracea, Poaceae with 15 species, Lamiaceae with 10 species, Caryophyllaceae and Brassicaceae, 6 species are. erms of Account Value Account Value forage species in the region, 23 are devoted to the most users. Based on the stability or longevity of 33 species of annual, biennial and 4 of 72 perennial species were identified in the region. 71 species form herbaceous broadleaf maximum vegetative growth form field into account. Rangeland class III palatability Terms of 95 species and 14 species with low values of the Range Class II values were averaged. The last point is that the results were due to high pressure on non-palatable pasture species in the region have therefore, management efforts should be made to prevent this process from being exposed to a variety of plant. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Isolation and identification of normal conjunctival fungal flora in the Persian Arab horse
عبداله عراقی سوره مجید ابراهیمی حامد دیاکو محمدپور محمدحسین صادقی زالی

This study was conducted to identify the fungi isolated from conjunctival sac of clinicallynormal Persian Arab horse living in Tabriz, Northwestern Iran and to determine the effect of sexand age variations on the frequency of isolates. Forty-three horses (21 females and More

This study was conducted to identify the fungi isolated from conjunctival sac of clinicallynormal Persian Arab horse living in Tabriz, Northwestern Iran and to determine the effect of sexand age variations on the frequency of isolates. Forty-three horses (21 females and 22 males),aged 1-15 years, without clinical evidence of external ocular inflammation were selected anddivided into three age groups. Samples were taken from both conjunctival sacs of horses andseeded on the sabouraud dextrose agar and malt extract agar. Plates were incubated at 25 °C for10 days. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests using SAS 9.1. Thirtyeighthorses out of 43(88.37 %) were positive for fungi, 22/43 (51.16 %) had positive culturefrom both eyes. The isolated fungal species were Candida spp (23.15 %), Penicillium spp (16.84%), Aspergillus sp (15.78 %), Mucor spp (13.48 %), Alternaria spp (8.42 %), Pseudallescheriaspp (6.31%), Chladosporium spp (5.26%), Rhodotorula spp (4.21 %), Curvularia spp (3.15 %),Fusarium spp (2.10 %) and Trichoderma sp (1.05 %). There was significant effect of horse sexand age on frequency of fungal isolation. The fungal species isolated are comparable withstudies performed in other countries, although the frequency of Candida isolation was so higherwhich may reflect a geographic difference Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Effects of Zataria multiflora seed powder on hematological, biochemical and immunological parameters in broiler and native chickens from Kermanshah
, F. Mohammadi , N Choobkar , Z. Moradi

The current study was conducted to investigate the dietary effects of various amounts of Zataria multiflora seed powder on hematological, biochemical and immunological parameters in broiler and native chicken, in a random study using 4 treatments including 0 (control), More

The current study was conducted to investigate the dietary effects of various amounts of Zataria multiflora seed powder on hematological, biochemical and immunological parameters in broiler and native chicken, in a random study using 4 treatments including 0 (control), 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg of Z. multiflora powder in diet for 42 days. At the end point, blood specimens were taken from wing vein and after the preparation of the serum samples, the following biochemical factors were measured using standard assay kits: total protein, albumin, globulin, triglyceride, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein as well as hepatic enzymes activates including, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase and gamma-glutamyltransferase. The number of lymphocytes and heterophiles also were counted. Furthermore, immunoglobulin contents were measured in serum samples. The obtained results showed that the herbal supplement can significantly alter all of the aforementioned factors in both races compared to the control. In addition, racial differences of the parameters including cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, lymphocytes, heterophiles, ALT activity and IgM were recorded in control groups. Conclusively, supplementation with Z. multiflora powder can improve hematological and biochemical parameters in both races. However, the immunoglobulin contents did not change remarkably and seems like the higher amounts of the herbal powder should be used to improve immunological responses. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Chemical Composition of Rosemary and Dianthus Floral Waters by Dispersive Liquid Liquid Micro Extraction Followed by Identification of compounds using GC-MS
Fereshte Nematollahi Kambiz Larijani Sirvan Mohammadi Azar

Introduction: Customers prefer to use natural extracts instead of the synthetic products. The consumption of floral waters and extracts has become quite popular as a mean to overcome and relieve some slight problems and sicknesses. The economics, yields and purity of th More

Introduction: Customers prefer to use natural extracts instead of the synthetic products. The consumption of floral waters and extracts has become quite popular as a mean to overcome and relieve some slight problems and sicknesses. The economics, yields and purity of the extracts are important factors to consider. Suitable analytical extraction and statistical methods are required to help us for experimental design.Materials and Methods: Floral water of Rosemary and Dianthus were obtained from traditional companies. Analytical grade solvents were purchased from Merck chemical company of Germany. Different solvents namely ethanol, methanol, carbon tetrachloride and chloroform were employed for the extraction. The extracts were injected to GC- MS apparatus and the peaks were identified.Results: Statistical analysis indicated that with minimum volume of solvent mixtures of (442 QL of ethanol, 20 QL of carbon tetrachloride) extraction is accomplished. More than 88% of compounds in Rosemary and almost 100% of compounds in Dianthus floral waters are characterized.Conclusion: In this study, response surface method has been applied for optimization and it was shown that this method could be designed for the best micro extraction condition with the application of lowest volume of solvents. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Design of Zein Electrospinning Nanofiber Packaging Containing Zataria Multiflora Essential Oil to Preserve the Ration Food
A. Dabbagh Moghaddam M. Kazemi J. Movaffagh A. sharifan

Introduction: New packaging has been used as scaffolding to load antimicrobial preservatives in the food industry. In this aspect, the present study is designed and developed to use nanofibers derived from corn protein, which was electronically loaded with antimicrobial More

Introduction: New packaging has been used as scaffolding to load antimicrobial preservatives in the food industry. In this aspect, the present study is designed and developed to use nanofibers derived from corn protein, which was electronically loaded with antimicrobial combination of essential oil of Zataria multiflora, in order to increase the shelf life of emergency ration food called PM1. Materials and Methods: In this study, zein nanofibers containing Zataria multiflora essential oil, were produced by electrospinning method and its physical and chemical properties were studied. Also antibacterial and antifungal activities of zein nanofibers were investigated. Results: A morphological study of nanofibres containing 3 concentrations of 0,1 and 3% (w/v) showed that with the addition of essential oil of thyme to the polymeric zein solution a smaller diameter fiber was produced (P <0.05). FTIR results did not show new bond between the zein and essential oil of the plumeria matrix. In the study of hydrophobicity, the addition of essential oils caused an increase in water absorption and also in the tensile analysis of the samples, the ratio of stress to strain increased with the addition of essential oils (P <0.05). Conclusion: Nanofibres produced for use as functional food package in food rations have anti-bacterial properties and can prolong the shelf life of these rations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The Application of Taguchi Method in the Optimization of Dispersive Liquid – Liquid Microextraction of Menthe piperita Floral Water
فرشته Nematolahi شهلا Mozafari سام Saremi

Introduction: Microextraction is regarded as an extraction technique where the volume of theextracting phase is much smaller than the sample. Therefore extraction does not take placecompletely and thus a fraction of analytes is transferred in to the extracting phase. Ho More

Introduction: Microextraction is regarded as an extraction technique where the volume of theextracting phase is much smaller than the sample. Therefore extraction does not take placecompletely and thus a fraction of analytes is transferred in to the extracting phase. However insome cases after the extraction the concentration of extractable correlates with the initialconcentration. Therefore the aim of this research work is the optimization of liquid –liquidmicro extraction of Menthe piperita floral water.Materials and Methods: Floral water of Menthe piperita was obtained from the localmarket. Ethanol and chloroform were used as extracting solvents and the obtained chemicalcompounds were applied onto a GC- MS. Taguchi method was applied to determine theoptimum extraction of active compounds in the sample.Results: The application of Taguchi method indicated that ethanol and chloroform tetrachloride at the concentrations of 500 and 60 showed the highest microextraction raterespectively.Conclusion: 93% of the chemical compounds present in the sample were identified using theleast quantity and volume of the extracting solvent. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - The Use of Chitosan and Whey Protein Isolate Edible Films Incorporated with Zataria multiflora Boiss. Essential Oil as an Active Packaging Ingredient Against Some Common Foodborne Bacteri
S. Shoja Gharehbagh A. Khanjari M. Yeganmohammadi Davaji A. Akhondzadeh Basti

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10 - The Effects of Zataria Multiflora Essential Oil on Some Characteristics of Sultana Table Grapes Contaminated with Botrytis cinerea
S. Sabounchi R. Massoud

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11 - The comparison of concentration in-vitro effects of Zataria multiflora Boiss and Mentha pulegium Essential Oil plants Composition with one of them Nystatin on Candida albicans Isolates of Vaginal Candidiasis and comparing their with standard
soaieh mansoori محمد دخیلی محسن زرگر

Background & Objective: Candidal vulvovaginitis occurs in female genital by the over growth of candida especially candida albicans. Noticing the daily increase of drug resistance, attempts should be made for providing anti-fungal and anti-microbial drugs. This study More

Background & Objective: Candidal vulvovaginitis occurs in female genital by the over growth of candida especially candida albicans. Noticing the daily increase of drug resistance, attempts should be made for providing anti-fungal and anti-microbial drugs. This study is to determine the comparison of concentration in-vitro effects of Zataria multiflora Boiss and Mentha pulegium Essential Oil plants Composition with one of them Nystatin on Candida albicans Isolates of Vaginal Candidiasis and comparing their with standard.Materials and Methods : This experimental study assessed the antimicrobial effect of 2 plant extracts on Candida Albicans. Zataria multiflora Boiss and Mentha pulegium were selected based on previous researches and traditional usel. On each plate, one plant extract disc, one nystatin disc (aspositive control) and one blank disc (as negative controls) were placed. The mean diameter of non-growth halo around each plant extract was compared with the mean diameter of non-growth halo of positive control discs after 24 hours.Data analysis was done by ANOVA statistical test. Results: There was significant different between the diameter of non-growth halo around the plant extracts and nystation discs. (p<0.05). Conclusion: Zataria multiflora Boiss and Mentha pulegium exhibited antifungal effects on C. Albincans But the effect of Mentha pulegium on the lack of growth of Candida Albicans strains was greater than that in Zataria multiflora Boiss. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Effect of Zataria multiflora and Cinnamomum Verum essential oils on biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus
Parisa Rahmati Fatemeh Noorbakhsh Abbass Pazoki

Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogenic bacterium and one of the pathogens that commonly causes biofilm infections in the clinic. Antibiotic resistance has spread worldwide in Staphylococcus aureus and is a serious problem for the treatment of More

Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogenic bacterium and one of the pathogens that commonly causes biofilm infections in the clinic. Antibiotic resistance has spread worldwide in Staphylococcus aureus and is a serious problem for the treatment of patients. In this study, the effect of thyme essential oil of Shirazi and cinnamon on the formation of biofilm in Staphylococcus aureus strains has been investigated. Methods: In this study, 20 clinical samples of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from the urine of patients admitted to the intensive care unit of Taleghani Hospital in Tehran. The microdilution test was performed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Zataria multiflora and cinnamon essential oils on strains. The ability of biofilm formation in the collected strains was assessed by microtiterplate and the effects of Zataria multiflora and cinnamon essential oils were evaluated on biofilm formation. Results: In this study, 75% of Staphylococcus aureus strains formed strong biofilm and 25% moderate biofilm. Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus strains with Zataria multiflora essential oils in MIC concentration revealed that biofilm formation were 40% weak and 60% strains did not form biofilm. Treatment of strains with cinnamon essential oil at MIC concentration was observed to be 25% strong biofilm and 75% moderate biofilm. The present study shows the effect of essential oils of Zataria multiflora and cinnamon in reducing the biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus strains.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Floristic and chorological survey of plants in Miandar region in Gilangharb city
Elahyar Kamari Maryam Mohammadi Ayoub Razmjo Ahmad Khazaeii

Purpose: The purpose of the current research is to investigate the floristics and chorology of plants in Miandar region in Gilangreb city.Materials and Methods: After preparing a map (scale: 1:25000) and viewing photos and determining the geographical area of the regi More

Purpose: The purpose of the current research is to investigate the floristics and chorology of plants in Miandar region in Gilangreb city.Materials and Methods: After preparing a map (scale: 1:25000) and viewing photos and determining the geographical area of the region, plants were collected in late winter and all months of spring and summer seasons of 2013. The collected samples were pressed dry and pasted on herbarium cardboards according to the conventional method.Findings: The collection of plants in Miandar region is more than 229 plant species belonging to 41 genera and 148 genera. Asteraceae families (33 species, 14.41 percent), papilionaceae (22 species, 9.6 percent), poaceae (19 species, 8.3 percent), Apiaceae (16 species, 6.99 percent), Lamiaceae (15 species, 55 (6.6%) and Liliaceae (12 species, 5.24%) are the most important plant families in the region, which include 51.09% of all species. Astraglus (10 species), Silene (5 species), Euphorbia (5 species) are among the largest plant genera in the studied area. In terms of biological form, 40.6% of species are hemicryptophytes, 35.38% are trophites, 11.36% are cryptophytes, 8.3% are phanerophytes, 3.94% are camphytes and 0.44% are geophytes.Conclusion: The study of the geographical distribution of the Miandar region flora showed that the most geographical distribution is in the Iranian-Turanian region with 122 species (53.27%) and the Iranian-Turanian/Mediterranean region with 34 species (14.85%). Manuscript profile

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14 - Ethnobotanical studies on folkloric medicinal plants in Nainamalai, Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu, India
Kumar Ganesan Baojun Xu

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15 - Survey Of Digestive Enzymes Activity, Body Composition and Intestine Bacterial Flora Of Sobaity (Sparidentexhasta) Fingerling in Response to Different Levels Of Dietary Xylooligosaccharide
Vahid Morshedi Naser Agh Jasem Marammazi Farzaneh Norii Takavar Mohammadian

Inroduction and Objective: Prebiotics, as a non-digestible food ingredient, beneficiallyaffects the host by selectively stimulating the growth, activating a limited number of bacteria, andreducing the number of harmful bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract.This study i More

Inroduction and Objective: Prebiotics, as a non-digestible food ingredient, beneficiallyaffects the host by selectively stimulating the growth, activating a limited number of bacteria, andreducing the number of harmful bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract.This study investigated the effects of xylooligosaccharide on digestive enzymes activity, body composition and intestine bacterial flora of sobaity (Sparidentex hastaMaterial and Methods:For this purpose, 405 individuals of sobaity fingerlings (45 in each replication) were prepared with an average weight of 7.64 ± 0.3 g from the Mariculture Research station of South Iranian Aquaculture Research Center. This study was carried out in a completely randomized design with three treatments and replications in fiberglass tanks with 300 liters volume. Fish were fed with feed containing 0, 0.5 and 1 percents of xylooligosaccharide for a period of 42 days. At the end of the experiment, body composition and intestine samples were collected for estimating digestive enzymes activity intestine bacterial flora and body composition. Results: The obtained results indicated that dietary xylooligosaccharide did not change sobaity digestive enzymes activity, including alkaline protease, amylse and lipase (P > 0.05). In this study, weak, positive and no significant correlation were observed between dietary prebiotic and alkaline protease activity, amylase activity and lipase activity (P > 0.05). The results of this study indicated that different levels of prebiotic did not affect body composition including protein, fat, ash and moisture and intestine bacterial flora (P > 0.05). Conclusion:Overall, this study showed that digestive enzymes activity was not affected by dietary prebiotic. Moreover, the diet supplemented with 0.5 and 1 percents of xylooligosaccharide had no significant effects on body composition and intestine bacterial flora of sobaity Manuscript profile

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16 - The protective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Passifloracaerulea aerial parts against hepatic dysfunction induced by cadmium chloride in adult male rats
Mehrdad Shariati Mehrnoush Ghavami Mokhtar Mokhtari Saeed Khatamsaz

Background:Cadmium chloride causes liver injury. In this study, the protective effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Passifloracaerulea aerial parts against hepatic dysfunction induced by cadmium chloride in adult male rats was investigated. Material and Methods:Fifty-fou More

Background:Cadmium chloride causes liver injury. In this study, the protective effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Passifloracaerulea aerial parts against hepatic dysfunction induced by cadmium chloride in adult male rats was investigated. Material and Methods:Fifty-four adult male rats were divided into 6 groups of 9:control group; sham group1:received 0.2ml/kg distilled water daily intraperitoneally as solvent. Sham group2;received 2 mg/kg cadmium chloride daily intraperitoneally during 21 days; experimental groups 1, 2 and 3: received 2 mg/kg cadmium chloride daily intraperitoneally during 21 days and then the hydroalcoholic extract of Passifloracaerulea aerial parts at the doses of 150, 300, 450mg/kg intraperitoneally during 30 days . The serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, LDH, albumin, bilirubin, and total protein were measured. The pathological examination of hepatic tissue samples were done after hematoxylin - eosin staining. Results:The mean levels of ALT, ALP, GGT, LDH and bilirubin in the all experimental groups showed a significant decrease compared to the group receiving cadmium chloride. The mean levels of AST in the experimental groups 2 and 3 showed a significant decrease compared to the group receiving cadmium chloride. The mean serum albumin and total protein concentration in experimental groups 2and 3 increased significantly compared to the group receiving cadmium chloride. In all experimental groups the hepatic tissue changes induced by cadmium chloride improved which were dose dependent (P˂0.05). Conclusion:The results of this study showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of Passifloracaerulea aerial parts had protective effects against the hepatic dysfunction induced by cadmium chloride in adult male rats. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - The effects of adding essential oils (Thymus vulgaris L. and Mentha pulegium L.) and microbial phytase on intestinal microflora and immune level (humoral immunity (HI) and blood cells) in broilers
eslam Ghalandari alireza safamehr ali nobakht Yousef Mehmannavaz saman mahdavi

Background & Aims: Although medicinal plants have been used in different ways in feeding poultry, including broiler chickens, the simultaneous use of essential oils and enzymes, especially microbial phytase enzyme, has been used less. Thyme and Mentha are plants tha More

Background & Aims: Although medicinal plants have been used in different ways in feeding poultry, including broiler chickens, the simultaneous use of essential oils and enzymes, especially microbial phytase enzyme, has been used less. Thyme and Mentha are plants that affect the immune system. The positive effects of phytase have been documented in poultry. The purpose of this research is to investigate the mutual effects of essential oils and phytase enzyme on intestinal microflora and immunity level of broiler chickens.Materials and Methods: This experiment examines intestinal microflora and immune level (humoral immunity (HI test) and blood cells) using three levels of thyme essential oil, Mentha essential oil and microbial phytase with 8 treatments and 4 repetitions and a total of 32 test units for 42 days. It was done on broilers. Culture methods (MRS-Agar and EMB) and ELISA method and commercial biochemistry kits were used to check intestinal microflora and immune level, respectively.Results: Examining the main effects showed that the treatments that consumed thyme essential oil had lower coliform population and total aerobic bacteria (TAB) compared to other treatments (p<0.05). The level of humoral immunity showed a significant difference among different experimental groups (p<0.05). The treatments that did not receive essential oils of thyme and Mentha had the lowest ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes (p<0.05).Conclusion: The results showed that the use of microbial phytase enzyme and thyme essential oil reduces the population of intestinal coliform bacteria and the use of thyme essential oil improves humoral immunity. Manuscript profile

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18 - Evaluation of the effect of colostrum in diet on intestinal microbial flora of Japanese quail
Saman Mahdavi Ali Nobakht Reza Mokhtarian asl

Introduction & Aim: Addition of natural nutritional compounds including colostrum in the diet can be useful for quail. The aim of this study was evaluation of the effect of colostrum in diet on intestinal microbial flora of Japanese quail. Materials and Methods: 12 More

Introduction & Aim: Addition of natural nutritional compounds including colostrum in the diet can be useful for quail. The aim of this study was evaluation of the effect of colostrum in diet on intestinal microbial flora of Japanese quail. Materials and Methods: 120 Japanese quails were tested in a completely randomized design using a diet without colostrum, a diet with 2% cow's colostrum and 4% cow's colostrum in 3 treatments and 4 replications and 10 Japanese quails in each replication. After a period of 42 days, two quails were selected from each replicate. Then, a piece of the ileum of each bird was examined to count the population of lactobacillus and coliform. Results: Quails fed with 4% colostrum had the highest total counts of lactobacillus (p< 0.05) and lowest total counts of coliform bacteria among the experimental groups (p>0.05).  Also, the treatment group fed with 2% colostrum also showed an overall increase and decrease in the population of lactobacilli and coliform bacteria compared to the control group (p>0.05).         Conclusion: The use of pasteurized cow colostrum in amounts of 2% and 4% in the diet of Japanese quail increases the total count of lactobacilli and reduces the total population of coliform bacteria, which can be used as a new nutrient to improve the intestinal microbial flora in the diet of farmed poultry.  Manuscript profile

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19 - Investigating the effects of silver nano particles on fungi flora of seeds of Chamran wheat cultivar
Mohsen Ghamari Masoud Latifian Mansour Farbod Nazanin Amir Bakhtiar

This study was carried out in order to investigate the possibility of  controlling seed-born disease of wheat Chamran cultivar by  nano silver seed coating and indicate relevant concentration of  nano silver on fungal seed-born of wheat at Khouzestan-Rami More

This study was carried out in order to investigate the possibility of  controlling seed-born disease of wheat Chamran cultivar by  nano silver seed coating and indicate relevant concentration of  nano silver on fungal seed-born of wheat at Khouzestan-Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University. Experiment was conducted in the form of completely randomized design with four replications and six treatments. Treatments included one level of disinfection by 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and five levels of seed coating by different concentration  of silver nano particle (S1 = 1.30, S2 = 4, S3 = 6.70, S4 = 9.3 and S5 = 2666 mg of silver nitrate solution). Results showed that there was a significant difference among disinfection levels (P≤0.01) for disease index. In comparison with sodium hypochlorite, the Disease Index was declined about 50% by S1 treatment. The most favorable effect on decreasing Disease Index was observed with S5 treatment where it dropped up to 75%. According to results the mean of mortal concentration of nano silver on dominant species (Aspergillus sp.,fusarium graminiarum, Penicilium sp ., Torula sp.,  Alternaria alternaria) was calculated using Fini method in order to approach the finest concentration. The maximum LC50 was obtained for Torula sp. 1875.6 ml/lit and the minimum 0.02 ml/lit was for Aspergillus sp. and Alternaria alternaria. Regarding to this point that fungal seed-borne are active on seed bed in the form of a band, for approach to efficient disinfection it is essential to use the maximum needed concentration.  Manuscript profile

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20 - Contact toxicity of Lavandula angustifolia Mill and Zataria multiflora Boiss essential oils against the adults of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Col., Bruchidae) and identification of their chemical compositions
Z. Golestani kalat G. Moravvej

In last decades, many researches have been done on use of botanical compound especially essential oils as insecticides. In the present study, the contact toxicity of Lavandula angustifolia and Zataria multiflora essential oils was evaluated on both sexes of C. More

In last decades, many researches have been done on use of botanical compound especially essential oils as insecticides. In the present study, the contact toxicity of Lavandula angustifolia and Zataria multiflora essential oils was evaluated on both sexes of C. maculatus adults at 29±1ºC, 60±5% RH in dark condition. Essential oils were obtained by hydro distillation. The toxicity of both oils against males and females was positively and significantly associated with concentration. On the basis of LC50 ratios and their 95% confidence limits, there was no significant difference  between sensitivity of males and females. The LC50 values for  males were 719 and 598 µl.m-2 and for females were 787 and 738 µl.m-2 for L. angustifolia and Z. multiflora, respectively. Both       essential oils had no negative effect on seed germination of the cowpea. The essential oils analysis by GC-MS showed that the main compounds of L. angustifolia oil were linalool (42.8%), 1,8-cineol (23.4%), rosefuran epoxide (14%), menthone (6.8%), isomenthol (5.2%) and dihydro carvone (trans) (4.3%) and those of Z. multiflora oil were thymol (55%), linalool (37.8%) and p-cymene (7.2%). The results suggested that L. angustifolia and Z. multiflora essential oils might be suitable alternatives to conventional pesticides for protecting pulses against C. maculatus adult. Manuscript profile

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21 - The effect of essential oils and powders of the three plant species Zattaria multiflora, Myrtus comminus and Heracleum persicum on rate of oviposition of potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella )Lep: Gelechiidae(
Z. Faraji M. H. Serailoo L. Salehi

Preventing the potato tuber moth from egg laying, an important pest of stored tubers is a safe method to reduce its economic damage. In this research, the effects of essential oils and powders of three plant species Zattaria mmultiflora, Myrtus comminus and Heracleum pe More

Preventing the potato tuber moth from egg laying, an important pest of stored tubers is a safe method to reduce its economic damage. In this research, the effects of essential oils and powders of three plant species Zattaria mmultiflora, Myrtus comminus and Heracleum persicum were investigated on egg laying of potato tuber moth in presence and absence of host plant. The result showed that essential oils and powders of  three plants reduced significanly the rate of the pests oviposition. The essential oils of three plants had the higher oviposition deterrency than their powder. The plant species Z. multiflora had the most decreasein number of eggs than others. Over all, the results showed that the essential oils and powder of above three plants can be used management programs of potato tuber moth. Manuscript profile

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22 - The lethal effects of fineleaf fumitory, Fumaria parviflora (Lam.) (Fumariaceae) extracted by several methods on Bemisia tabaci (Genn.)
T. Gholami M. A. Samih

The sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Biotype A)  (Hem: Aleyrodidae) is a major pest of field crops, vegetables and ornamental plants. In this research, the effect of several extraction methods (percolation, maceration, sonication, water bath and soxhl More

The sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Biotype A)  (Hem: Aleyrodidae) is a major pest of field crops, vegetables and ornamental plants. In this research, the effect of several extraction methods (percolation, maceration, sonication, water bath and soxhlet) on mortality effect offine leaved fumitory, Fumaria parviflora on adults of Bemisia tabaci with leaf dip test were studied. Methanol 3% were used as negative control treatment respectively and tomato as host plant. The calculated LC50 value for above extraction methods were 54.78, 85.04, 85.18, 139.33 and 344.69 g/l respectively and dosage-response gradient was estimated 1.34 ±0.30, 1.08±0.28, 1.0 ± 0.26, 1.39±0.43 and 0.92±0.20 respectively. The results showed that percolation plant extract of F. parviflora had the highest mortality on adult of B. tabaci. It seems that the percolationmethod is the best method to extract chemical compounds to be used against the cotton whitefly. Using this extactct may be a useful strategy against the pest in Integrated Pest Management. Manuscript profile

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23 - Identification and Molecular Detection of Microbial Flora of Fermentation Agent of Different types of Traditional Dough Products of Kerman Province
Mohadeseh Tajalli Mohammad Mehdi Motaghi Ashraf Kariminik

10.30495/qafj.2021.685561

Sourdough microflora generally contains yeast and lactic acid bacteria, and the interaction of microorganisms for its metabolic activity is important. Lactic acid bacteria produce numerous metabolites such as organic acids, enzymes, and exopolysaccharides during sourdou More

Sourdough microflora generally contains yeast and lactic acid bacteria, and the interaction of microorganisms for its metabolic activity is important. Lactic acid bacteria produce numerous metabolites such as organic acids, enzymes, and exopolysaccharides during sourdough fermentation, which have a positive effect on the structure of the dough and bread's texture and staling. This study aimed to identify and compare the microbial flora of traditional bread dough in different cities of Kerman province by culture and molecular methods. MRS culture medium and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar were used in order to isolate lactic acid bacteria and yeasts respectively. Biochemical and antimicrobial tests were performed. 4 isolates of bacteria and 4 isolates of yeasts were identified by molecular method and comparing the resulting sequences of the sequences in the gene bank, respectively. Bacterial species were Weissella cibaria, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Staphylococcus gallinarum, and yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida tropicalis. Based on the results, the microorganisms identified in this study can be suggested to improve the quality of bread and create a better taste and aroma of bread. Manuscript profile

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24 - A history of Floral diversity (pollen, spores and algal) during the latest Holocene in the Bandung basin based on palynological analysis in Cihideung, West Java, Indonesia
Rizki Rachman Winantris Winantris Budi Muljana

10.30495/ijes.2020.677473

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Open Access Article

25 - FFT-PCA Image Fusion Based Flora and Vegetation Mapping Of Eshkevarat No Hunting Zone
Zeinab Hoseinnejad Hasan Hasani Moghaddam Zahra Parvar Kourosh Kavousi Hamid Gashtasb Meigooni

fusion of remote sensing data is essential in order to obtain more information from different images. Mapping the vegetation of an area is very important due to its environmental importance. In this research, used Landsat ETM+ images and field surveying to identify vege More

fusion of remote sensing data is essential in order to obtain more information from different images. Mapping the vegetation of an area is very important due to its environmental importance. In this research, used Landsat ETM+ images and field surveying to identify vegetation states of the Eshkevarat No hunting zone. After applying necessary preprocessing like gap filling and atmospheric correction, the panchromatic and multi-spectral images were fused based on the FFT-PCA algorithm. In the next section, the fused image was classified based on the Support Vector Machine (SVM), algorithm into five classes. The results showed that the overall accuracy and kappa coefficient of classified images is 0.943% and 0.910 respectively. In order to field surveying of study area, 1-meter plots in 500-meter distance choose and 14 Flora and vegetation species were identified and mapped. The results showed that satellite images have good accuracy in this field but based on its spatial resolution limitations a large number of species present in the area have not been identified. In this research, it is suggested to use a combination of both satellite image sources and field surveys. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Antibacterial effect of Zataria multiflora Essential oil against biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates
Massoumeh Mahdavi Ourtakand Mahsa Khodayi Sahar Honarmand Jahromi

Antibiotic resistance is documented to be a serious problem that affects the choice of appropriate antibiotic therapy. One of the proposed methods to cope with biofilm bacteria is the use of alternative antibacterial treatments, which include natural antimicrobial subst More

Antibiotic resistance is documented to be a serious problem that affects the choice of appropriate antibiotic therapy. One of the proposed methods to cope with biofilm bacteria is the use of alternative antibacterial treatments, which include natural antimicrobial substances such as plant essential oils. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Zataria multiflora essential oil against biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates. 10 Clinical isolates of S. aureus from various specimens having ability of biofilm formation were screen in this study, On the basis of their ability to attach to polymeric surfaces. Minimum Biofilm inhibitory concentration of Z. multiflora essential oil was estimated on polystyrene microtiter plates. The results indicated that 6 isolates of S. aureus included in this study were able to produce a stable biofilm and Z. multiflora essential oil had antibiofilm activities. Our study identifies that essential oil can be effectively used to control of S. aureus biofilms that Indicating the importance of natural agents as potential antibiofilm and antimicrobial agents. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Evaluation of antimicrobial effect of Zataria multiflora essential oil capsulated in chitosan biopolymer compared to free essential oil
Maasuomeh Mahdavi Ourtakand

Essential oils have many antimicrobial and pharmacological effects, but they are very volatile. The capsulation of drug substances in polymer nanoparticles can improve the therapeutic effects of compounds that are generally volatile. Chitosan is considered as biodegrada More

Essential oils have many antimicrobial and pharmacological effects, but they are very volatile. The capsulation of drug substances in polymer nanoparticles can improve the therapeutic effects of compounds that are generally volatile. Chitosan is considered as biodegradable biopolymer due to better capsulation, controlled release, and low toxicity in drug delivery. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of Zataria multiflora essential oil capsulated to chitosan- caffeic acid nanogels in comparison to free essential oils. First, nanogel was synthesized by self-cumulative polymerization of chitosan and caffeic acid, and their shape and size were analyzed by spectrophotometric (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), then nanogel was Used for capsulation of Z. multiflora essential oil. Antimicrobial effect of capsulated and free essential oil was studied by disc diffusion and broth microdilution method. The results showed that the capsulated essential oil had a higher bactericidal effect on the bacteria than free essential oil. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Identification of Flora and Life Forms of Plants in Kandovan (East Azarbaijan)
Zh. Toupcvhi

Kandovan is located in the north west of Iran in the province of east Azarbaijan. Its geographical position is 46ْ 10′ to 46 ْ 20َ and 37 ْ 42َto 37 ْ 52َ. This survey carried out at elevations of 1800-3200 m from sea level. The aim of this project was the collect More

Kandovan is located in the north west of Iran in the province of east Azarbaijan. Its geographical position is 46ْ 10′ to 46 ْ 20َ and 37 ْ 42َto 37 ْ 52َ. This survey carried out at elevations of 1800-3200 m from sea level. The aim of this project was the collection and identification of plants grown in its 7000 hectares of range land. During two seasons about 400 plant samples were collected and identified in herbarium. In this project 256 species were identified to belong to 153 genus and 37 families. The most important plants families that collected in this region belonged to Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Brassicaceae and Apiaceae. Asteraceae (40 species), Fabaceae (29 species), Lamiaceae (25 species), Brassicaceae (22 species) and Apiaceae (16 species) were the dominant species in the area, respectively. The life forms of these species were determined by using of Raunkierُs method and they consist of 58.20% Hemicryptophytes, 30.07% Therophytes, 1.17% Phanerophytes, 5.85% Chamaephytes and 4.68% Geophytes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Efficiency of Some Selective Herbicides in Canola (Brassica napus L.) Cultivation and Their Interaction with Biofarm Biological Fertilizer
Z. Pouri, S.J. Angadji M. Montazeri M. Mashhadi Jafarloo

To evaluate the effect of herbicides and biofarm (Pseudomonas spp.) as biological fertilizer on weeds and yield components of canola, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at Agricultural Research Center o More

To evaluate the effect of herbicides and biofarm (Pseudomonas spp.) as biological fertilizer on weeds and yield components of canola, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at Agricultural Research Center of East Azarbaijan in 2009. The treatment factors consisted of herbicide (factor A) at 4 levels (application of trifloralin, Treflan, at 2.5 l/ha as pre-planting, chlopyralid, Lontrel, at 0.8 l/ha when canola plants were at 2-4 leaf stage, metazachlor+quinmerac, Butizan star, at 2.5 l/ha at cotyledonous stage of canola, and not controlling the weeds as check. Biological fertilizer (factor B) at 2 levels, using or not using the biofarm. Wild mustard (Sinapis arvvensis) and tansy mustard (Descurainia sophia), being in same family with canola, were the dominant weeds in the field. Traits like number of species and biomass of weeds, biomass and yield of the crop were recorded to evaluate the effects of the treatments. The statistical analysis indicated that Botizan star and Treflan, compared with control, significantly reduced the number and biomass of wild mustard. In spite of non significant effect of the herbicide on number of tansy mustard and total weed, Botizan star and Treflan significantly reduced their biomasses. Application of biofarm and its interaction with herbicides did not influence the evaluated traits significantly. The herbicides, also, did not have significant effect on biomass and yield of the crop. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - Effect of dietary prebiotic inulin on production and intestinal microflora density of juvenile Beluga, Huso huso
R. Akrami A.M. Hajimoradloo A. Matinfar A.M. Abedian Kenari R. Mazandarani

Use of prebiotics, indigestible dietary ingredients that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth of and/or activating the metabolism of health-promoting bacteria in the intestinal tract, is a novel concept in aquaculture. Three replicate group More

Use of prebiotics, indigestible dietary ingredients that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth of and/or activating the metabolism of health-promoting bacteria in the intestinal tract, is a novel concept in aquaculture. Three replicate groups of fish (initially averaging weight and biomass were 16.14 ± 0.38 g and 821.58g, respectively in each group) were kept in 800L fiberglass tanks under homogenous condition and fed diets containing prebiotic inulin levels ranging from 1% to 3%. The basal diet was contained 3% cellulose. An 8-week feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different dietary prebiotic inulin on production and intestinal micro flora density of juvenile Beluga, Huso huso. The results of linear regression showed there was a negative relationship between production index and supplementation level of inulin. At the end of trial, the density of colony count, yeasts and moulds and lactobacillus count was decreased with supplementation level of inulin. The 1% inulin treatment showed an enhaced survival without any significance among treatments, and intestinal lactic acid bacteria (LAB) increased in this group in comparison with other groups. The experiment indicated that the prebiotic inulin didn’t influence the increase of the production and it is not appropriate for supplementation in the diet of beluga. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - Dominant bacterial flora of gut in Rainbow trout and probable important viewpoint probiotic
علیرضا Mobarhanfard

AbstractThis research conducted for recognition of dominant bacterial flora of rainbow trout gut. 20 fingerlings of trout with average weight of 2gr, prepared by Isfahan Fisheries Authority in last winter. The stock of fish reared isolation tank, and during four months More

AbstractThis research conducted for recognition of dominant bacterial flora of rainbow trout gut. 20 fingerlings of trout with average weight of 2gr, prepared by Isfahan Fisheries Authority in last winter. The stock of fish reared isolation tank, and during four months of rearing period, neither any disinfections nor antibiotic agents have been used. The temperature of farming tank maintained at the range of 10 to 16. After this period, the stock of fish pocked in ewo layer bags and transported at night time to lobaratory of science and Research Unit of Azad University in Tehran. All samples of fish arrived at healthy condition to laboratory. The average weight of fish measured as 30 10g, and total length of 8-12 cm. After word, the fish disinfected by 70% alcohol, and them by the strile apparatus the gut have been removed for primary and subtractive culture. The media used for culture was N.A, M.A, TSI, SIM, and recognition of positive or negative grams carried by staining. In addition, biochemical reagents like methyl red, oxidase – catalase test, sugar fermentation test, gelatin hydrolysis test and starch hydrolysis test for final recognition of bacteria and abundance ratio is carried out. Edwardzillata sp.(8%), itrobacrer sp. (10%), Shewanella sp.(30%), Haemophilus sp.(2%), Plesiomonas sp.(25%), Aero,onas sp.(25%) Dominant bacteria of gut flora in rainbow trout showed following species; Shewanella sp., Plesioonas sp. and Aeromonaa sp. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - Antimicrobial activity of Zataria multiflora boiss. essential oil on Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw milk
R. Narenji Sani A. Jebelli javan B. Roozbahan H. Staji H.R. Mohammadi

Enterotoxin-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus can cause food poisoning through the consumption of contaminated dairy products. Essential oil (EO) of Zataria multiflora Bioss. contains components with antibacterial and antifungal properties. The present study wa More

Enterotoxin-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus can cause food poisoning through the consumption of contaminated dairy products. Essential oil (EO) of Zataria multiflora Bioss. contains components with antibacterial and antifungal properties. The present study was conducted to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Z. multiflora Boiss. EO on S. aureus isolated from raw milk. Extraction and gas isolation of the EO was provided and analyzed by Chromatography/mass spectrometry. A total of 84 samples of raw milk from a dairy farm in Semnan were analyzed for the presence of S. aureus. Fourteen S. aureus strains were isolated from raw milk. The chemical composition of hydrodistilled EO of Z. multiflora Boiss was analyzed by Chromatography/mass spectrometry. A total of 25 compounds representing 98.59% of the oil were identified: carvacrol (50.53%), thymol (14.7%), p-cymene (7.9%), Carvacryl acetate (3.85%) and Trans-caryophyllene (3.4%). The MIC of Z. multiflora Boiss. Using broth microdilution method, MIC of EO on all of the S. aureus isolates was estimated at 0.0001-0.004. Based on results, the EO ofZ. multiflora Boiss possesses antibacterial activity on S. aureus isolated from raw milk. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - The antimicrobial effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil against E. coli O157: H7 in minced beef meat during refrigerated storage
نگین Noori نوردهر Rokni افشین Basti, A علی Misaghi فهیمه Tooryan

The antimicrobial effect of of different concentrations of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil  at supplementation levels of  (0, 0.005, 0.015, 0. 03%), on E. Coli O157:H7 was examined in minced beef meat. All of the above concentrations showed acceptable More

The antimicrobial effect of of different concentrations of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil  at supplementation levels of  (0, 0.005, 0.015, 0. 03%), on E. Coli O157:H7 was examined in minced beef meat. All of the above concentrations showed acceptable organoleptic properties in minced beef. Eo at 0.03% possessed a strong antibacterial activity against E.Coli O157:H7  in minced beef. The correlation coefficient of different concentrations of zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil with logarithm of the numbers of E. Coli O157:H7 was –0.701, –0.599 at 4 and 10°C respectively. It was found that effect of different concentrations of essential oil on growth rate of E. coli O157:H7 was statistically significant (pE. Coli O157:H7 during storage at 4°C, but not at 10°C. According to the results of present study, storage at a proper refrigerated storage (4°C) is suggested.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - Antimicrobial effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil on Escherichia coli O157:H7 during manufacture and ripening of white brined cheese
KH Mohammadi گیتی Karim SH Hanifian علیرضا Tarinejad رضا Gasemnezhad

Thyme (Zataria multiflora Boiss) cultivated in Iran is extensively used as flavoring agent in dairy products. Also it has antimicrobial effects on the pathogenic bacteria which cause some food borne diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effec More

Thyme (Zataria multiflora Boiss) cultivated in Iran is extensively used as flavoring agent in dairy products. Also it has antimicrobial effects on the pathogenic bacteria which cause some food borne diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of this plant’s essential oil on Escherichia coli O157:H7 in white brined cheese, considering the organoleptic properties of cheese. The essential oil of Z. multiflora Boiss. was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/MS. Preliminary sensory tests were carried out to establish the upper level of the essential oil incorporation. At the end of storage time, evaluation of the sensory characteristics of the supplemented cheeses suggested that, Z. multiflora Boiss. essential oil’s concentrations more than 200 ppm in cheese milk had adverse effects on the taste and odor of cheeses. Therefore, further examinations were carried out with 0, 100, 150 and 200 ppm concentrations. The inhibitory effects of different concentrations of the Z. multiflora Boiss. essential oil on E. coli O157:H7 were determined by enumeration of the microorganism on selective media and comparing the bacterial counts in different groups. The inhibitory effect of Z. multiflora Boiss. essential oil at concentration of 200 ppm was higher compared to its lower concentrations and also compared to the control groups. No significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed between the pH values of control groups and treated samples. Incorporation of Z. multiflora Boiss. essential oil at concentration of 200 ppm into cheese milk had significant antibacterial activity (P<0.05). However, when these kinds of essential oil has to be recommended for cheese safety, issue of strong taste and smell should be addressed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

35 - Effects of supplementation of powdered Zataria multiflora on growth performance and serumic parameters in common carp (Cyprinus Carpio)
N. Choobkar S. Kakoolaki Mahya Rezaeimanesh فروغ Mohammadi لیلا Safar Khanloo

The use of medicinal plants can be effective in increasing the growth of aquatic organisms and to promote a non-specific immune level to increase resistance to diseases in aquaculture. Zataria multiflora, a plant of the Lamiaceae family, is an example of such medicinal More

The use of medicinal plants can be effective in increasing the growth of aquatic organisms and to promote a non-specific immune level to increase resistance to diseases in aquaculture. Zataria multiflora, a plant of the Lamiaceae family, is an example of such medicinal plants containing mainly thymol and carvacrol, with well-known antimicrobial and anti-fungal properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different doses of thyme powder (Zataria multflora) on growth performance and serumic parameters of young common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Therefore, two hundred and forty fish, with initial weight of 20/27±5.13 g, were distributed among the treatments. Food was made with adding the powdered thyme in 4 formulations with 0 (control or Group 1), 50 (Group II), 100 (Group III) and eventually 150 ppm (Group IV) with a size of 4.3 mm. It was fed to the fish 3 to 4 times a day at a rate of 3-4% of their body weight, for 8 weeks. Specific growth rate and serumic parameters including total protein, albumin and globulin were measured and one-way ANOVA was used to compare the differences in the values of the variables studied in different treatments. Results showed that the average weight in group 3 (57/11±4/37) was significantly (p<0/05) increased compared to the control group (38/49±2/61) and other treatments. Specific growth rate followed this pattern and the average of group 3 (1/87±0/17) was significantly (p<0/05) greater than the control as the minimum value (1/08±0/14) and the other groups. There was a significant difference in the amounts of total protein (p=0/005) and globulin (p=0/017) between the 4 groups. Based on the results, powdered thyme is effective in improving growth and serumic parameters of common carp (C. carpio). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

36 - The effects of Mentha pulegium and Zataria multiflora on growth and carcass specifications and gut microbial count in broiler chickens
مسعود Godarzi N. Choobkar فروغ Mohammadi

Recently, the use of medicinal plantsas growth promoters, appetizers, immunological boosters and antimicrobial substances has increased in poultry industry. In this regard, the effect of Zataria multifloraand Mentha pulegium on growth characteristics, carcass quality an More

Recently, the use of medicinal plantsas growth promoters, appetizers, immunological boosters and antimicrobial substances has increased in poultry industry. In this regard, the effect of Zataria multifloraand Mentha pulegium on growth characteristics, carcass quality and gut microbial count of broiler chickens were investigated. This research was carried out in a completely randomized design with 120 broiler chickens of Ross strain in 4 different feed treatment groups and 3 replicates consisting of 10 chickens each. The treatment groups consisted of T1 (Control) fed with basic diet (without plants), T2 fed with basic diet containing 200 mg/kg of dried Mentha pulegium, T3 fed with  diet containing 200 mg/kg of dried Zataria multiflora and T4 fed with diet containing a mixture of 200 mg/kg dried Zataria multiflora and 200 mg/kg dried Mentha pulegium  for 6 weeks. All chickens were weighed weekly and at the end of the experimental period, growth characteristics including carcass weight, thigh weight and breast weight and intestinal microbial total count were measured in each group. The results were evaluated by one-way ANOVA and Duncan’s post-hoc test in SPSS 19. The results showed that the mean weight, the weight of thighs and breasts between  treatment groups were not  statistically significant but the intestinal bacterial count was decreased by these supplements (p<0.05). The maximum microbial load was observed in the control group (T1). Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of these supplements in chicken feed reduces intestinal microbial counttherefore organic and safe meat production can be expected. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

37 - Evaluation of the effect of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and Ziziphora (Ziziphora tenuior L.) essential oils on intestinal microflora of broilers
Saman Mahdavi ali noubakht

Essential oils as growth stimulants play an important role in improving intestinal microflora and morphological properties and immune system in broiler chickens. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and Ziziphora (Zizipho More

Essential oils as growth stimulants play an important role in improving intestinal microflora and morphological properties and immune system in broiler chickens. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and Ziziphora (Ziziphora tenuior L.) essential oils on intestinal microflora of broilers. For this purpose, 468 one day old male broilers (308 Ross strain) were divided into 13 treatments with 3 replicates (12 chicks per replicate). The treatments were administrated Thyme, Ziziphora and a mixture  of both essential oils in two levels (0.15% and 0.3% of diet) using two routes of drinking water and food and studied from the age of 10 to 42 days. Two birds were selected from each replicate at 42 days old and were slaughtered after 12 hours of starvation. Then, a piece of ileum of each chick was cut for counting the microbial population and was transferred to the laboratory. Total counting of coliform and lactobacillus for each sample was performed and the results were analyzed with SPSS software. Total counting of coliform were the least in groups fed with 0.3% of mixture of Thyme and Ziziphora but it didn’t show significant difference in comparison with the control group. Total counting of lactobacillus were the most in groups fed with 0.3% of mixture of Thyme and Ziziphora in feed and it showed significant difference in comparison with the control group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between treatment groups for the route of consumption of Thyme and Ziziphora. The results indicated that adding 0.3% of a mixture of Thyme and Ziziphora essential oils to broiler diets can be effective in improvement of gut useful microﬂora (lactobacillus) and reduction of harmful bacteria (coliform) in the ileum. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

38 - Isolation and identification of the conjunctival fungal flora in healthy Holstein cattle in Urmia district
M. Soodi A. Araghi-Sooreh

Fungi are considered as normal inhabitants of the ocular surface of healthy animals, however under certain conditions such as eye trauma could cause disease. This study was conducted with the purpose of identifying  the fungal isolates of healthy eyes from Holstein More

Fungi are considered as normal inhabitants of the ocular surface of healthy animals, however under certain conditions such as eye trauma could cause disease. This study was conducted with the purpose of identifying  the fungal isolates of healthy eyes from Holstein cattle in Urmia district . Conjunctival swabs were taken from both eyes of 40 healthy Iranian Holstein cattle and cultured onto Sabouraud dextrose agar and malt extract agar. Plates were incubated at 25°C for 14 days. Effect of host age and sex on prevalence of isolates were analyzed by mann whitney and fisher’s exact tests using SAS software. Overall, 34 filamentous fungi were isolated from 24 (60%) cattle and 27 (33.75%) eyes. The isolated fungal genera in order of frequency were Aspergillus (44.12%), Curvularia (20.59%), Penicillium (14.7%), Pseudallescheria (14.7%), Fusarium (2.97%) and Scopulariopsis (2.97%). Isolation rate of fungi in older cattle (p=0.04) and male cattle (p=0.032) was significantly higher. This is the first report of ocular fungal flora in Iranian Holstein cattle.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

39 - Antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of Shirazi thyme (Zataria multifora) essential oil on Salmonella isolates from poultry and humans using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration method
zeynal zeynali Jalal Shayegh Shahin Tofangdarzadeh

Plant essential oils are complex compounds of different chemical components with different amounts. These substances are one of the potential sources of antibacterial compounds and are very effective and useful for this purpose. The aim of this study was to investigate More

Plant essential oils are complex compounds of different chemical components with different amounts. These substances are one of the potential sources of antibacterial compounds and are very effective and useful for this purpose. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of Zataria multiflora essential oil on Salmonella isolated from poultry and humans using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) method. Steam distillation was used to extract the essential oil, and then the composition of the essential oil was determined using the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (Gc-Ms) method. Broth microdilution method was used to determine the MIC of Zataria multiflora essential oil. Also, ELISA was used to investigate the anti-biofilm effect of Zataria multiflora essential oil. Based on the results obtained in the present study, it was shown that more than 64.9% of essential oil consists of three substances: thymol, caracol, and linanol which make up46.62%, 13.85%, and 8.95% of the essential oil repectively. It was found that the MIC level For Zataria multiflora essential oil was in the range of 0.39-12.5 mg/ml in Salmonella isolates. Also, based on the results obtained in this study, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of applied essential oil in Salmonella isolates was in the range of 1.56-12.5 mg/ml. The placement of Salmonella bacteria isolates alongside essential oil at a possible level of 1% significantly (p<0.001) decreased biofilm production. Overall, the results of this research showed that Shirazi thyme essential oil has significant antibacterial effects and reduced biofilm production of Salmonella bacteria isolates by a significant percentage. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

40 - A study on fungal flora of the normal eye surface in Iranian native cattle
tohid nouri abdollah araghisoureh

The microflora of the normal ocular surface is one of the sources supplying fungal agents for keratomycosis. This study was conducted to identify fungal isolates of the conjunctiva in clinically healthy Iranian native cattle in Urmia district. Swabs were taken from both More

The microflora of the normal ocular surface is one of the sources supplying fungal agents for keratomycosis. This study was conducted to identify fungal isolates of the conjunctiva in clinically healthy Iranian native cattle in Urmia district. Swabs were taken from both eyes of cattle (n=45) and cultured onto Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol and malt extract agar. Plates were incubated at 25°C and examined for 7 days. Data were analyzed for the effect of age and sex by fisher’s exact test. Thirteen cattle (28.89%) were found to be positive for fungal growth. The isolated fungal genera were Aspergillus spp-7 cases (53.84%), Penicillium spp-6 cases (46.15%), Rhodotorula sp-1 case (7.69%) and Candida sp-1 case (7.69%). Yeast genera represented 13.3% of all the isolates. Sex and age of cattle had no significant effect on prevalence of isolates. Incidence of fungal colonization of the eyes compared with similar studies was low which may reflect differences in season and technique of sampling. Unexpected high frequency of Aspergillus may be due to geographic differences.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

41 - Identification of conjunctival fornix mycoflora of Equidae (horse and mule) in Urmia district
abdollah araghisoureh

Abstract    Fungi present on normal ocular surface become pathogen in certain conditions such as corneal damage. Therefore, Knowledge of normal conjunctival mycoflora is important for prompt and proper treatment of equine keratomycosis. The objective of this More

Abstract    Fungi present on normal ocular surface become pathogen in certain conditions such as corneal damage. Therefore, Knowledge of normal conjunctival mycoflora is important for prompt and proper treatment of equine keratomycosis. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify the mycoflora of conjunctiva in clinically normal equine species in Urmia, Iran. Swabs were taken from the conjunctival fornix of both eyes of horses (n=35) and mules (n=50), without external ocular inflammation. The culture samples were seeded in Sabouraud’s dextrose agar and incubated for 10 days at 25° C. Collectively, 191 isolates belonging to 13 fungal species were identified. Aspergillus was the most commonly isolated fungal genus in horses (48.63%) and mules (38.88%). The fungal species isolated are comparable with similar studies performed on horses in other countries. This is the first report of conjunctival mycoflora in mules. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

42 - Floristic study of Alagol, Almagol and Ajigol wetlands and their adjacent areas in Golestan province
Jamileh Panahy Mirzahasanlou Nurmohammad Shirmohammadli Eisa Jorjani Nurmohammad Nazari

Determination of the Flora of natural areas and identification of plant species is the basis for environmental planning in any region and identification of the vegetation status. The aim of this study is to investigation of the flora and chorotype of plants in Alagol, A More

Determination of the Flora of natural areas and identification of plant species is the basis for environmental planning in any region and identification of the vegetation status. The aim of this study is to investigation of the flora and chorotype of plants in Alagol, Almagol and Ajigol wetlands in Golestan province. In order to study the region's flora, plant species were collected during the growing seasons of years 2015 to 2016 and were identified. In total, 105 species belong to 84 genera and 39 families were recognized. Asteraceae with 18 species, Chenopodiaceae with 18 species and Poaceae with 14 species were the largest families according to species number. Results of the life form spectrum indicates that therophytes (48.3%) and hemi-Cryptophytes (21.9%) were the most frequent life forms of the region. With regard to the geographic distribution, most of the species were belonged to pluriregional (20%) and Irano-Turanian (16.19%) elements. Comparison of wetlands based on life form indicates that therophytes are most dominant life form in all three wetlands; Hemi-cryptophytes are in the next order. Comparison between wetlands based on geographic distribution indicates that bi or tri-regional elements consists most of the flora in all three wetlands. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

43 - Intrudoction to the flora,life form and plant geogerafical distribiuotion of haraun Region,in kerman province ,iran
S.M.A Vakili Shahrbabak

The harrarun region,with total area about 13000Hectars,and with average altitiude about2044meters from the sea Level,,situated in Sowth of Baft city in kerman province,iran, the aim of this study was to identify and introduce the flora of hararrun region .flora of this More

The harrarun region,with total area about 13000Hectars,and with average altitiude about2044meters from the sea Level,,situated in Sowth of Baft city in kerman province,iran, the aim of this study was to identify and introduce the flora of hararrun region .flora of this region includes:112plant species(3gymnosperms7monocots and 102dicots).that belong to 33 families and89genera.the important families are Asteracea, Lamiaceae,، Papilonaceae,Rosaceae, and Geramineae,with15,15,13,8 and 6species respectively,life form of the plant species of hararun region include:hemicryptophytes 29/47%therophytes 27/67%chamephytes11/64% phanerophytes %11/6jeophyte:11/6% chryptophytes: 7/14%: from the veiw point of regional elements plants of this region include: ،65/17%Irano-turanian, 12/5%Irano-turanian and saharo-sindian, ، 8/05% saharo-sindian,6/7%Mediterranean 4/4% Hyrcanean3/65%cosmic Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

44 - Floristic study of Vark region in Khorramabad (Lorestan)
fatemeh pourfallahi Gholamhasan Veiskarami

Abstract The Vark region with an area of 2000 hectares is located at SW of Khorramabad, the lowest and the highest of its height are 1190 and 1990 meters. Flora of this region includes 254 plant species that belong to 156 genera and 49 families. the important families More

Abstract The Vark region with an area of 2000 hectares is located at SW of Khorramabad, the lowest and the highest of its height are 1190 and 1990 meters. Flora of this region includes 254 plant species that belong to 156 genera and 49 families. the important families are Fabaceae and Lamiaceae , with 33 and 27 plant species respectively. Therophytes 47% , Geophytes 26% , Chamaephytes 12%, Hemichryptophytes 10% and Phanerophytes 5% and were the most important structure groups of the local biological spectrum according to Raunkaiaer method from the view point regional elements plants of this region include: 43% Irano – Touranean , 23% Mediterranean and Irano-Touranean،17% Mediterranean and Irano-Touranean and Europe – Siberean and 5% Cosmopolitan. The aim of this research was identify plant species in vark region of Khorramabad. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

45 - A introduction to the flora of Kahman Aleshtar aera (Lurestan province)
عارفه Hasanvand یونس Asri حسین Lari Yazdi و محمد Mehrnia

Kahman reserve covers an area of 400 km2 situated in the northeast of Aleshtar. The reserved area presents a variety of habitats, including cliffs and rocky outcrops, piedmont plains, alluvial plains, valleys and aquatic habitats. Minimum and maximum elevations of study More

Kahman reserve covers an area of 400 km2 situated in the northeast of Aleshtar. The reserved area presents a variety of habitats, including cliffs and rocky outcrops, piedmont plains, alluvial plains, valleys and aquatic habitats. Minimum and maximum elevations of study area are 1600 and 3600 m, respectively. Mean annual precipitation of the area is 554 mm and mean annual temperature is 15.2 ˚C. In this study, 228 species are collected and identified. These species belong to 47 families and 154 genera. Asteraceae with 34 species, Lamiaceae with 25 species, Fabaceae and Poaceae each with 21 species are main families of this area. Life forms using Raunkier method indicates that the therophytes with 45.1 % (101 species) and hemicryptophytes with 33.9 (76 species) are the most frequent life forms. Investigation on geographical distribution of species showed 49.1 % of species (110 species) belong to Irano – Turanian region. Of these, 25 species are endemics of Iran.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

46 - Introduction of flora, Life from and Plant Geographical distribution of Warsan region in Ashtian (Markazi Province) Iranin
معصومه Khosravy Rine یونس Asri عظیم Abotalebi

Warsan region covers an area of 990 hectares situated in east of Ashtian city. The altitude of study area is throught 2042 to 2314M. The amount of annual precipitation of the area is 333/11 mm and mean annual temperature is 11.5oC. The aim of this research was to identi More

Warsan region covers an area of 990 hectares situated in east of Ashtian city. The altitude of study area is throught 2042 to 2314M. The amount of annual precipitation of the area is 333/11 mm and mean annual temperature is 11.5oC. The aim of this research was to identify the plant species, introducing the flora, determination of life forms and geographical distribution of species in the area. For this purpose, plant specimenswere collected from the area during growing season in 1387. The biological spectrum of the area was plotted by means of life forms results. The position of the area within Iran’s phytogeography classification was studied based on geographical distribution data. In this study, 270 species were collected and identified. These species belong to 37 families and 139 genera. The following families had the highest number of species: Asteraceae (45 species), Papilionaceae (36 species) Geramineae (22 species) and Apiaceae (19 species). Hemicryptophytes with 127 species (47%) were the most frequent life form. Investigation on geographical distribution of species showed 201 species (74.44%) belong to Irano-Turanian region. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

47 - Floristic study of Einolkosh area in Kermanshah
مهتاب Shahraki منیژه Pakravan یونس Asri

Einolkosh region covers an area of 2000 hectares situated in the southwest of Kermanshah. Minimum and maximum altitudes of study area are 1550 and 1850 m, respectively. Mean annual precipitation of the area is 430.7mm and mean annual temperature is 15.1˚C. The aim of th More

Einolkosh region covers an area of 2000 hectares situated in the southwest of Kermanshah. Minimum and maximum altitudes of study area are 1550 and 1850 m, respectively. Mean annual precipitation of the area is 430.7mm and mean annual temperature is 15.1˚C. The aim of this research was to identify the plant species, introducing the flora, determination of life forms and geographical distribution of species in the area. For this purpose, plant samples were collected from different habitats of the area during growing seasons in 1385. The biological spectrum of the area was plotted by means of life forms results. The position of the area within Iran’s phytogeography classification was studied based on geographical distribution data. In this study, 156 species are collected and identified. These species belong to 27 families and 118 genera. The following families had the highest number of species: Asteraceae (32 species), Fabaceae (27 species) and Poaceae (14species). Therophytes with 91 species (58.3%) are the most frequent life form. Investigation on geographical distribution of species showed 86 species (55.1 %) belong to Irano–Turanian region. Of these, 12 species are endemics of Iran. Manuscript profile

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48 - Introduction to the flora, life form and geographical distribution of plants in the Nodooshan region (Yazd province)
علی Mirhosseini عباس Zarezadeh ناصر Baghestani مهدی Soltani

 The Nodooshan region is a part of Sadoogh Township with 109400 hectars. It located in 80 Km West of Yazd city. Its geographical position is 52, 24 to 53, 47 N and 31, 46 to 32, 15 E. The lowest and highest of its heigh are 1529 to 3260 meters and average annual pr More

 The Nodooshan region is a part of Sadoogh Township with 109400 hectars. It located in 80 Km West of Yazd city. Its geographical position is 52, 24 to 53, 47 N and 31, 46 to 32, 15 E. The lowest and highest of its heigh are 1529 to 3260 meters and average annual precipitation reaches between 109 to 220 mm.  Flora of this region includes 282 plant species that belong to 204 genera and 48 families. Plant samples were collected between 1995 to 2005 years. The important families are Asteraceae with 44 species (15.6%), Papilionaceae with 27 species (9.57%), Brassicaceae with 25 species (8.86%) and Lamiaceae with 24 species (8.51%) respectively. Studying of plants life form by Raunkiaar method showed that Hemicryptophytes with 37.94 percent (107 species) are the most frequent life forms. Therophytes with 28.72 and Champhytes with 16.31 percent of species are less important. Investigation on geographical distribution of plants species showed 74.47 percent (210 species) of the species belong to Irano-Touranian region. Other species can be observed in other zone too. From the 282 species of flora this region 55 species (19.5%) are medicinal plants, 32 species (11.35%) endemic of Iran and 3 species endemic of Yazd. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

49 - Flora, life forms and chorotypes of plants in Khezr Abad, area (Orzank) Yazd province
Gh.R Bakhshi Khaniki, رزا Ghouchani,

Khezr Abad area with 1146 hectares area is located in the west of dasht-e- Yazd – Ardakan and west and northwest of Yazd. This area has several water shed, that Orzanak is one of biggest them. The main object of this research is indentification of plant species an More

Khezr Abad area with 1146 hectares area is located in the west of dasht-e- Yazd – Ardakan and west and northwest of Yazd. This area has several water shed, that Orzanak is one of biggest them. The main object of this research is indentification of plant species and introduction of the flora in Khezr Abad (Orzanak). For this purpose, plant samples were collected from different habitats, of the area in three growing seasons, spring, summer and autumn of 2004 year and the then were identified by different floras. The life forms of species were determined and the biological spectrum of he area was plotted. The position of the region was studied with respect to phytogeographical classification based on geographical data and references. From 103 identified plant species are 1gymnosperms, 86 dicotyledones and 16 monocotyledones. They belong to 30 families and 86 genera. The following families have the highest number of species: Asteraceae (%20.4), Poaceae (%12.6), Lamiaceae (%9.7), Fabaceae (%8.7) and Rosaceae (%7.8). Hemicryptophytes with 40 species (%38.8) and therophytes with 23 species (%22.3) are the most frequent life forms in the area. The distribution of 71 species (%68.9) is restricted to Irano-Turanian region, 29 species (%28.1) of them are endemics of Iran. Among of endemic species, two species Nepeta gloeocephala and Helichrysum davisianum are endemic of Yazd. Manuscript profile

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50 - Introduction to the flora, Life form and plant geographical distribution of Deh Zaman iron mine in Bardascan (Razavi Khorasan province)
محمدرضا Joharchi مه ‌لقا Ghorbanli فاطمه Asadollahi

In this survey flora of Deh Zaman iron mine region in Bardascan. has been studied. The method of plant collection in this region was classical method of plant taxonomic studies. Collected plants were recognized and determined families, genera and species of them by usin More

In this survey flora of Deh Zaman iron mine region in Bardascan. has been studied. The method of plant collection in this region was classical method of plant taxonomic studies. Collected plants were recognized and determined families, genera and species of them by using of indispensable references. Alphabetically list of taxa in this region was provided on the base of families and scientific name. Collected plants are transmited to Herbarium of Reserch Center for plant Sciences in Ferdowsi university of Mashhad. The life form of plant species was determined by using of Raunkiaer’s method. The plants of Deh Zaman iron mine region are including 29 families, 75 genera and 95 species the more species belong to Asteraceae with 12 species. Life forms of plants of Deh Zaman iron mine region are including: 68.42% therophyte and 12.63% hemicryptophyte, 8.42% geophyte, 5.26% chamephyte and 5.26% phanerophyte. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

51 - Revision in Glaucium oxylobum Boiss. et Buhse. and Glaucium vitellinum Boiss. et Buhse in Flora Iranica
افسانه Gran فریبا Sharifnia

Genus Glaucium Mill. is belongs to Papaveraceae family and included 25 species in the world yet. Iran have about 19 taxa and it is one of the important country for diversity of these plants. There are 11 species in Flora Iranica. G. oxylobum is synonym of G. vitellinum More

Genus Glaucium Mill. is belongs to Papaveraceae family and included 25 species in the world yet. Iran have about 19 taxa and it is one of the important country for diversity of these plants. There are 11 species in Flora Iranica. G. oxylobum is synonym of G. vitellinum in this flore, while in valid floras and references such as, Flora orientalis, Flore del’Iran and Engler’s Book; there is separated description for these species. Recent research pay attention to micromorphological differences in pollen grains and seeds; also macromorphological and comparative anatomical in viewpoint several vegetative and reproductive organs in G. oxylobum and G. vitellinum is done. Our results in morphological studies showed that there are basic diffrences between two species. Also morphological studies showed that there are basic diffrences between two species. Anatomical studies showed that there are diffrences in several organs in two species such as: stigma, ovary, pedicle, stem and leaf. Our results showed that there are diffrences in qualities and quantities characters in pollen grains and seeds too. Thus separation of these two species is proposed. Manuscript profile

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52 - Revision in Glaucium leiocarpum Boiss. in Iran
افسانه Gran فریبا Sharifnia

Genus Glaucium belongs to papaveraceae. We studied two species of Glaucium. Glaucium leiocarpum Boiss. is synonym of Glaucium oxylobum Boiss. & Buhse in Flora Iranica while it is seprated in Flora orientalis, Flora U.S.S.R and Flore DeL’iran. Current  res More

Genus Glaucium belongs to papaveraceae. We studied two species of Glaucium. Glaucium leiocarpum Boiss. is synonym of Glaucium oxylobum Boiss. & Buhse in Flora Iranica while it is seprated in Flora orientalis, Flora U.S.S.R and Flore DeL’iran. Current  research is large studies in morphological study in vegetative and reproductive organs in two species. For further assurance, comparative anatomic in several organs and micromorphologic technical in pollen and seed and their differences is done. Samples were fresh or herbarium spacimen.Herbarium specimen from Herbarium of Plant Protection Research Institute of Iran and Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch were prepared. Our results indicated that, two species are differented together in morphology, comparative anatomic in several organs and micromorphological study in pollen and seed. In conclusion, two species are distinct, base on other floras and this result. Manuscript profile

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53 - The chorology and identification of medical, rare and endemic species of Doo Abe Aleshtar area Lourestan province, Iran
عارفه Hasanvand,

Doo Abe ecology covers an area of 200 km 2 situated in the northwest of Aleshtar. The ecology area presents a variety of habitats, including cliffs and rocky outcrops, piedmont plains, alluvial plains, valleys and aquatic habitats. Minimum and maximum elevations of stud More

Doo Abe ecology covers an area of 200 km 2 situated in the northwest of Aleshtar. The ecology area presents a variety of habitats, including cliffs and rocky outcrops, piedmont plains, alluvial plains, valleys and aquatic habitats. Minimum and maximum elevations of study area are 1500and 3500m, respectively. Mean annual precipitation of the area is 530mm and mean annual temperature is 15.8C˚. In this study considered the plant biodiversity, medical, rare and endemic species of Doo Abe Aleshtar area. These species collected and identified by current ways in floristic considerations. The flora consideration showed 206 plant species are belong to 40 families and 139 genera. There are 70 medical species in this area. Asteraceae with 33 species, Lamiaceae with 25 species and fabaceae with 20 species are main families of this area. The Life form study using Raunkier method showed the most biological spectrumare are therophytes (40.5%) and hemicriptophytes (29.3%). The threat species identified according to International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural resources and by using Red data Book of Iran. There are three classes of Vulnerable, Lower Risk and data deficient in this area. The great number of them is Lower Risk 5.85% (12 species). The area is consist of 26 species of Iran endemic. According to the chorology consideration of this area 50.5% of plants are belong to Irano-Turanian region. Manuscript profile

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54 - بررسی ترکیبهای شیمیایی اسانس سرشاخههای گلدار گیاه Zataria multiflora Boiss. در چهار استان مختلف
مهردخت نجف پور نوایی مهدی میرزا

Manuscript profile

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55 - Antibacterial properties of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil nanoemulsion formed by emulsion phase inversion
nasim Shahabi Hussein Tajik mehran moradi Mehrdad Forough

This study aimed to investigate preparation of a Zataria multiflora essential oil nanoemulsion and to evaluate its antibacterial against Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeriamonocytogenes. The average particles size of nanoemlusion prepared by inversion phase using tween More

This study aimed to investigate preparation of a Zataria multiflora essential oil nanoemulsion and to evaluate its antibacterial against Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeriamonocytogenes. The average particles size of nanoemlusion prepared by inversion phase using tween 20, which measured by dynamic light scattering, was 66.5 nm. The antibacterial activity of nanoemlusion has examined through agar diffusion, vapor-phase diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and time kill curves against Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeriamonocytogenes in BHI. The average diameter of the zones of inhibition of nanoemlusion through agar diffusion was 8.3 and 8.54 mm for S. typhimurium and L. monocytogene, respectively. Also, average diameter of the zones of inhibition of nanoemlusion was zero against both bacteria according to vapor-phase diffusion. The results showed that nanoemlusion exhibited MIC and MBC of 5000 µg/ml on S. typhimurium and MIC and MBC of 2500 µg/ml on L. monocytogene. The effect of 10, 100 and 1000-fold diluted nanoemlusion on both bacterial kill in BHI at 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes and the results showed that in BHI, the 10 and 100 fold-diluted nanoemlusion caused a 6 and 4 log reduction at S. Typhimuriumin 60 min and the 10-fold caused more than 4 log reduction of L. monocytogene. According to the results, it can be concluded that prepared nanoemlusion is suitable antimicrobial solution and by optimizing the process, it can be beneficial to control the bacterial microorganisms of foods. Manuscript profile

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56 - A Study on the Synergistic Effect of Sunflower Oil Based Nanoemulsion with Zataria multiflora Boiss. Essential Oil on the Quality of Rainbow Trout Fillets
Shabnam Shadman Sayyed Ebrahim Hosseini Hadi Ershad Langroudi Shahrokh Shabani

The quality changes of farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets treated withsunflower oil based nanoemulsion with or without Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil was studied on days 0, 5, 10 and 15 during storage in (4oC±1) and evaluated by microbiol More

The quality changes of farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets treated withsunflower oil based nanoemulsion with or without Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil was studied on days 0, 5, 10 and 15 during storage in (4oC±1) and evaluated by microbiological and sensory analyses. Total viable counts and psychrophilic bacteria were determined. The results showed that the nanoemulsion had significant effect (P<0.05) on total viable counts. No growth of psychrophilic bacteria was found. Sensory analysis showed that the nanoemulsion could improve colour features. Odour and texture were enhanced as well. Incorporation of Z. multiflora essential oil and the nanoemulsion increased the acceptability for taste, odoure and texture. The inhibitory effects of the nanoemulsion were closely related to the concentration of the essential oil due to high content of carvacrol and thymol. The quality of fillets treated with nanoemulsion and 1% Z. multiflora essential oil was significantly different compared with other treatments and had acceptable results until day 15 of storage. Therefore, the nanoemulsion developed in this study could be represented as an option as a food preservative. Z. multiflora Boiss. essential oil showed a synergistic effect with the nanoemulsion for shelf-life extension of rainbow trout fillets.  Manuscript profile

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57 - Effect of myofibrillarProtein in combination with Zataria multiflora essential oil on increasing the shelflife of fish fillet of Otolithes ruber
fatemeh fathimoghadam laleh roomiani

In this study, the effect of myofibrilar protein with the Zataria essential oil was investigated in three concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 1.5% on the shelf life of fish fillets in a period of 15 days at a refrigerated temperature. According to the analysis of essential oil More

In this study, the effect of myofibrilar protein with the Zataria essential oil was investigated in three concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 1.5% on the shelf life of fish fillets in a period of 15 days at a refrigerated temperature. According to the analysis of essential oil, the dominant components were carrocolol (46.82%), thymol (18.34%) and linalool (12.71%). There was no significant difference between the treatments with control and treatment of myofibrilear protein film and essential oil of Shirzi. During 15 days of storage, the parameters of TBA (Thiobarbituric Acid), PV (Peroxide), FFA (Free Fatty Acids), TVB-N (Total Volatile Nitrogen Bases) showed an increase in the concentration of thyme essential oil in myofibrilear film decreased these parameters . Accordingly, the myofibricular protein film with 1.5% essential oil of essential oil of thyme with a significant difference compared with the control had the highest efficiency in increasing the shelf life of the fish fillet. Color index L * and a * did not change significantly during storage (P Manuscript profile

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58 - The Effect of Thyme (Zataria multiflora boiss) Essential Oil against Bacterial and Fungal strains in Mayonnaise
Bahareh Hajimohammadi- Telkabadi Asiye Ahmadi-Dastgerdi

Essential oils are considered as alternative to synthetic preservatives in food products because of their antimicrobial properties. The aim of this study was to identify the main components of thyme (Zataria multiflora boiss) essential oil and to evaluate the antimicrob More

Essential oils are considered as alternative to synthetic preservatives in food products because of their antimicrobial properties. The aim of this study was to identify the main components of thyme (Zataria multiflora boiss) essential oil and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of essential oil in vitro and mayonnaise. The essential oil was extracted by distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration. GC analysis of the essential oil resulted in the identification of forty compounds by a high number of monoterpenes such as thymol and carvacrol. The most susceptible pathogens were the fungi (lowest MIC) and the most resistant pathogen to Gram-negative bacteria. This study confirms that the essential oil of thyme possessed antimicrobial properties in vitro. In the second phase, efficiency of essential oil as natural preservative in high fat and low fat mayonnaise kept during storage at 4 oC for 6 months was studied. The results showed that of essential oil had influence against all of the tested microorganisms in mayonnaise and the pathogens did not grow in mayonnaise formulations, whereas in the control mayonnaise all of the pathogens and fungus grew. In conclusion the essential oil of thyme (Zataria multiflora boiss) would lead to control food pathogen and food spoilage organisms as natural food preservative and therefore, it would be used in biotechnological fields as natural preservative ingredients in food industry. Manuscript profile

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59 - Investigate the antimicrobial activity and synergistic effects of Zataria multiflora, Salvia verticillata and Froriepia subpinnata ethanolic extracts on bacterial vegetables decay
Leila Bandian Mohammad Moghaddam masomeh bahraini

The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract Zataria multiflora, Salvia verticillata, Froriepia subpinnata on Pectobacterium carotovorum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.An experiment was conducted at the in vitro condition. The ext More

The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract Zataria multiflora, Salvia verticillata, Froriepia subpinnata on Pectobacterium carotovorum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.An experiment was conducted at the in vitro condition. The extracts were prepared by the maceration method.The antimicrobial activities were investigated using the micro broth dilution method and by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and also their synergistic properties.Variables included extract types, different concentrations of extracts and bacterial strains.The minimum inhibitory concentration of Z. multiflora varied between 3.12 to 6.25 mg/mL; that of S. verticillata extract was between 12.3 and 25 mg/mL, and for the F. subpinnata was 12.5 to 25 mg/mL.The combined use of the extract of Z. multiflora and S. verticillata showed that there was an antagonistic effect between the two extracts in the case of P. carotovorum and synergic effect for P. aeruginosa.The results of the combined use of extracts of Z. multiflora and F. subpinnata and checkerboard dilution Modified(FIC) assay showed a synergic effect on P. carotovorum and antagonistic effect on P. aeruginosa.The combined use of the S. verticillata and F. subpinnata showed a synergic effect on both bacterial strains (0.54). A comparison of the results of inhibitory effects revealed that Z. multiflora extract had more potent antibacterial activity than S. verticillata and F. subpinnata. P. carotovorum was more sensitive than P. aeruginosa.FIC analysis showed that in the studied bacteria the combined application of S. verticillata and F. subpinnata extracts had better results than other combined extracts. Manuscript profile

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60 - Effect of Olive Leaf and Oregano supplement on performance, oxidation and microbial flora of breast broiler chickens
Neda Sadeghi ronizi seamak parsaei vahid mohammadi

10.30495/jfm.2022.1938027.1728

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of olive leaf and oregano supplement on performance, oxidation and microbial flora of breast broiler chickens. For this, 400 one-day-old Ross 308 broilers were used in a completely randomized design with 5 tre More

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of olive leaf and oregano supplement on performance, oxidation and microbial flora of breast broiler chickens. For this, 400 one-day-old Ross 308 broilers were used in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Treatments include; control, 5 g olive leaf, 5 g oregano, 5 g mixture of olive leaf and oregano and 50 g erythromycin . At 42 day of age, four birds from each treatment were randomly selected and euthanized by cervical dislocation. Finally, carcass characteristics were evaluated. To determine oxidation by measuring the concentration of malondialdehyde and for the number of breast meat bacteria per unit colony formation per gram of meat, samples were extracted from the breast tissue of the chickens and stored at 4 ° C. The results showed that a significant reduction in FCR was observed in the birds fed ERY compared to Control group (P < 0.04). Relative breast weight in control birds was low compared to other treatments (P <0.002). Lipid oxidation showed a significant difference between treatments on days 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 during storage in the refrigerator (P < 0.05). Also, the erythromycin bacteria in breast meat up to day 8 of storage in the refrigerator was affected by the experimental treatments (P <0.05). Overall, the use of a mixture of 5 g of olive leaf and oregano improves the quantity and quality of broiler chickens by reducing the oxidation and TVC bacteria. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

61 - مطالعه فلور منطقه قیصری استان چهارمحال و بختیاری با 179 گونه گیاه دارویی
حمزه علی شیرمردی اصغر شاهرخی حسین محمدی نجف آبادی محمود طالبی

مقدمه و هدف: منطقه قیصری بین طول جغرافیایی 432214 تا 447583 طول شرقی و عرض جغرافیایی 3556990 تا 3567733 عرض شمالی در واحد متریک zoon39 قرار دارد. وسعت کل محدوده 2/9816 هکتار می باشد. مطالعه حاضر به منظور شناخت گونه های گیاهی دارویی منطقه و تعیین اولویت بندی آنها از More

مقدمه و هدف: منطقه قیصری بین طول جغرافیایی 432214 تا 447583 طول شرقی و عرض جغرافیایی 3556990 تا 3567733 عرض شمالی در واحد متریک zoon39 قرار دارد. وسعت کل محدوده 2/9816 هکتار می باشد. مطالعه حاضر به منظور شناخت گونه های گیاهی دارویی منطقه و تعیین اولویت بندی آنها از جنبه در خطر انقراض بودن و معرفی منطقه به عنوان یکی از کلیدی ترین مناطق از نظر اولویت حفاظتی انجام شد.روش بررسی: برای بررسی پوشش گیاهی با گذر از کلیه راههای قابل عبور و صعود به ارتفاعات و انجام گشت های متعدد در محدوده منطقه، در فصل رویش (اردیبهشت تا مهر) در سال 1388 نمونه های گیاهی جمع آوری، پرس و با استفاده از فلورها و کتب مرجع و متخصصان علم گیاهشناسی، نام علمی آنها تعیین شد. در این تحقیق برای بررسی گونه های دارویی منطقه از اطلاعات اهالی منطقه و منابع موجود در زمینه گیاهان دارویی، برای تعیین گونه های نادر و در حال انقراض منطقه از معیارهای استاندارد استفاده شده است.نتایج و بحث: به طور کلی در منطقه مورد مطالعه تعداد 65 خانواده با 301 جنس و 487 گونه وجود دارد. از بین 487 گونه ذکر شده در منطقه حدود 179 گونه آن (یعنی حدود 76/36% گونه ها) دارویی هستند. نام این گونه ها در منابع و متون معتبر گیاهان دارویی کشور به ثبت رسیده و یا این که به طور سنتی اهالی منطقه و یا استان، آنها را جهت مصارف گوناگون دارویی و موارد مشابه به کار می گیرند. 86 گونه در خطر انقراض در این منطقه شناسایی شد که همه آنها متعلق به ایران- تورانی میباشد. از 86 گونه فوق، 67 گونه در طبقه کمتر در خطر، 3 گونه در طبقه آسیب پذیر، 2 گونه در طبقه در معرض خطر و 14 گونه اطلاعات در باره آنها ناکافی است. از 86 گونه در خطر انقراض، 33 گونه آن به نوعی دارویی می باشند که از این 33 عدد، 25 گونه آن متعلق به گونه های با خطر کمتر، پنج گونه آن متعلق به گونه های با کمبود اطلاعات، یک گونه آن از گونه های آسیب پذیر و دو گونه آن متعلق به گونه های در معرض خطر می باشد.توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: با توجه به تنوع زیاد منطقه و همچنین حضور گونه های در خطر انقراض و دارویی، مدیریت صحیح منطقه خصوصاً مدیریت چرای دام امری ضروری به نظر رسیده و منطقه مورد نظر می‌بایستی در اولویت حفاظت دستگاههای مسئول قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile

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62 - مطالعه مقدماتی گونه های گیاهی دارویی شهرستان کازرون در استان فارس
مهدی دولتخواهی مهدی یوسفی جواد باقرنژاد علی دولتخواهی

مقدمه و هدف: شهرستان کازرون با مساحت تقریبی 4060 کیلومتر مربع در 110 کیلومتری غرب شهر شیراز (مرکز استان فارس، ایران) واقع شده است. این منطقه از نظر تنوع زیستی گونه های گیاهی حائز اهمیت است، زیرا زیستگاههایی از قبیل تالاب بین المللی پریشان در جنوب شرقی، جنگل های بلو More

مقدمه و هدف: شهرستان کازرون با مساحت تقریبی 4060 کیلومتر مربع در 110 کیلومتری غرب شهر شیراز (مرکز استان فارس، ایران) واقع شده است. این منطقه از نظر تنوع زیستی گونه های گیاهی حائز اهمیت است، زیرا زیستگاههایی از قبیل تالاب بین المللی پریشان در جنوب شرقی، جنگل های بلوط (Quercus persica) در شرق و انشعابات رودخانه شاپور در غرب این شهر قرار گرفته است. بنابراین با توجه به قدمت تاریخی این شهرستان و تنوع زیستی بالای گونه های گیاهی، در این پژوهش گیاهان آوندی دارویی در شهرستان کازرون و مراتع اطراف آن پس از جمع آوری و شناسایی از لحاظ کاربردهای دارویی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند.روش تحقیق: برای این منظور نمونه های گیاهی بسیاری طی فصول رویشی بین سال های 1386 تا 1389 جمع آوری شدند و به صورت نمونه های هرباریومی استاندارد تهیه شدند. نمونه ها با استفاده از منابع در دسترس شناسایی شدند و در هرباریوم های مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع و دانشگاه پیام نور نگهداری شدند. اشکال زیستی و موقعیت کورولوژی آن ها نیز مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت.نتایج و بحث: بر طبق نتایج به دست آمده 90 گونه گیاهی دارویی متعلق به 87 جنس و 39 خانواده در منطقه شناسایی شد. بیشترین گونههای دارویی در خانواده نعناعیان (Lamiaceae) با 11 گونه و سپس خانواده آفتابگردان (Asteraceae) با 9 گونه قرار داشتند. بزرگترین جنس نیز جنس بارهنگ (Plantago) با 3 گونه بود. بنابراین وجود 90 گونه گیاهی دارویی نشان دهنده تنوع زیستی بالای منطقه است. از طرفی یافتههای این پژوهش با شرایط منطقه که دارای ویژگی های یک اقلیم نیمه خشک با تابستانهای خشک و میزان کم بارندگی می باشد، کاملاً منطبق است.توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: با توجه به پوشش گیاهی غنی منطقه از نظر گیاهان دارویی و توجه مردم به استفاده از گیاهان نظیر خار مریم، علف مار، خارشتر و غیره نتایج این تحقیق می تواند در آینده کاربرد صنعتی داشته باشد. Manuscript profile

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63 - ترکیب شیمیایی و فعالیت ضد التهاب، ضد درد و تب در اسانس ریزوم Globba sessiliflora جمع آوری شده از منطقه گاروال در اوتاراکند
راوندرا کومار پراکاش ام پانت آنیل کومار ماهش ایسیدورو والاری اسزپانیاک لچ

10.18869/JHD.2017.59

Background & Aim: Family Zingiberaceae is worldwide in   distribution. Plants of the zingiberaceae family are used in traditional   herbal folk medicine besides their uses in spices, cosmetic, ornamental, food   preservatives etc. In Uttarakhand More

Background & Aim: Family Zingiberaceae is worldwide in   distribution. Plants of the zingiberaceae family are used in traditional   herbal folk medicine besides their uses in spices, cosmetic, ornamental, food   preservatives etc. In Uttarakhand the herbs grow from sub-tropical to   temperate region. Globba sessiliflora Simsrhizomes were collected at maturity stage in November from   Garhwal region of Uttarakhand, India. In present communication the medicinal   use of various zingiberaceous herb provoked us to study the chemical   diversity and pharmacological activity determination of this important   traditional herb. Experimental: The essential oil was extracted using hydrodistillation   method and analyzed by GC-MS. Anti-inflamatory, anti-nociceptive and   antipyretic activities of essential oil were experimently determined using   mice model. Results: The major compounds identified were β-eudesmol (27.6%), (E)-β-caryophyllene (24.3%), α-humulene   (3.0%), (6E)-nerolidol (4.1%),   caryophyllene oxide (9.7%), γ-eudesmol (6.4%) and τ-muurolol (8.3%) besides   other minor constituents. Essential oil of G. sessiliflora rhizome showed good anti-inflamatory,   anti-nociceptive and antipyretic activities at the dose level of 100 mg/kg   body weight. The oral administration of the essential oil exhibited no toxicity at 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg   b.wt. concentration. Ibuprofen, indomthacin and paracetamol were used as   standard drugs for comparison. Recommended applications/industries: G. sessiliflora essential oil can be used as herbal remedy for its nontoxicityanti-inflamatory, anti-nociceptive and antipyretic activities. Manuscript profile

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64 - معرفی برخی گونه های دارویی در خطر انقراض درکوه کلار واقع در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری
اصغر شاهرخی حمزه علی شیرمردی مریم قائد امینی

مقدمه و هدف: استان چهارمحال و بختیاری به دلیل داشتن بسیاری از پارامتر های لازمه، محتوی چندین کانون فلوریستیک عمده گیاهی زاگرس مرکزی از جمله کوه کلار است. برخی از گونه های این کانون ها از دیرباز دارای مصارف دارویی متنوع و موثری بوده اند. در سالیان اخیر به دلایل مختلف، تع More

مقدمه و هدف: استان چهارمحال و بختیاری به دلیل داشتن بسیاری از پارامتر های لازمه، محتوی چندین کانون فلوریستیک عمده گیاهی زاگرس مرکزی از جمله کوه کلار است. برخی از گونه های این کانون ها از دیرباز دارای مصارف دارویی متنوع و موثری بوده اند. در سالیان اخیر به دلایل مختلف، تعدادی از این گونه های با ارزش مورد تهدید قرار گرفته و حتی منقرض شده اند. بر این اساس لازم است بسیاری از این گونه ها، شناسایی و اقدامات لازم حفاظتی در مورد آن ها صورت گیرد. یکی از کانون های مهم فلوریستیکی در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری کوه کلار، به مساحت تقریبی 5086 هکتار که در مرکز استان واقع شده است. محدوده ارتفاعی این کوه بین 1900 تا 3814 متر از سطح دریا می باشد. میانگین بارندگی سالانه 4/511 میلیمتر و متوسط دما 45/10 درجه سانتیگراد می باشد.روش بررسی: در این تحقیق با بیش از 30 بار مراجعه به بخش های مختلف کوه کلار، ضمن نمونه برداری از فلور منطقه به شناسایی و رده بندی گونه های آن اقدام شد و سپس اطلاعات گونه های دیگر جمع آوری شده توسط گیاه شناسانی که تا آن زمان به کلار مراجعه نموده اند، تاحد امکان به آن افزوده شد.نتایج و بحث: حدود 600 گونه از حدود 1300 گونه گیاه کروموفیت استان برای کلار ثبت شده است. از این تعداد 91 گونه گیاه دارویی شناسایی شده، به 38 تیره و 81 جنس تعلق دارند. همچنین تعداد 67 گونه انحصاری(Endemic) ایران در کلار یافت میشود که 28 گونه از آنها دارویی هستند گونه های Achillea kellalensis Boiss. & Haus و Satureja kallarica Jamzad که انحصاری کلار نیز هستند. از نظر حفاظتی تعداد 84 گونه در کتابRed Data Book of Iran  نام برده شده است. از این تعداد 61 گونه کمتر در خطر انقراض (LR)، 12 گونه آسیب پذیر (VU) و در مورد 11 گونه آن اطلاعات ناکافی (DD) است.توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: از آنجایی که اکثر گیاهان در خطر انقراض، گیاهان اندمیک و گاهاً دارویی هستند، می توان با حفظ و تکثیر آنها در زیستگاه های طبیعی یا خارج از زیستگاه های طبیعی، قدم بسیار موثری در حفظ ذخایر ژنتیکی و انحصاری خود برداریم. Manuscript profile

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65 - بررسی فعالیت ضد میکروبی اسانس آویشن شیرازی بر روی اسینتو باکتر بومانی جدا شده از نمونه های بالینی
خدیجه رضایی کیخواهی غلامرضا باقری مهدی حسن شاهیان سعیده سعیدی

10.14196/JHD. 2018. 251

مقدمه و هدف: هدف از این مطالعه بررسی فعالیت ضد میکروبی اسانس آویشن شیرازی بر روی اسینتو باکتر بومانی جدا شده از نمونه های بالینی است. روش تحقیق: دوازده سویه اسینتو باکتر بومانی از بیمارستان های شهرستان زابل جداسازی شد. اسانس آویشن شیرازی با استفاده از دستگاه کلونجر بدس More

مقدمه و هدف: هدف از این مطالعه بررسی فعالیت ضد میکروبی اسانس آویشن شیرازی بر روی اسینتو باکتر بومانی جدا شده از نمونه های بالینی است. روش تحقیق: دوازده سویه اسینتو باکتر بومانی از بیمارستان های شهرستان زابل جداسازی شد. اسانس آویشن شیرازی با استفاده از دستگاه کلونجر بدست آمد، در نهایت حداقل غلظت مهار کنندگی و حداقل غلظت کشندگی اسانس در برابر باکتریهای ذکرشده با روش میکرودایلوشن تعیین گردید. نتایج و بحث: نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه نشان داد که کمترین غلظت مهار کنندگی در برابر باکتری ها برابر با 31/0 میلی گرم بر میلی لیتر است و تنها یک سویه از باکتری در این غلظت مهار شده است. بیشترین غلظت مهار کننندگی برابر با 10 میلی گرم بر میلی لیتر بوده و یک سویه نیز در این غلظت مهار شده است. توصیه کاربردی و صنعتی: نتایج نشان داد که اسانس با افزایش غلظت اثرات ضد میکروبی آن افزایش پیدا می کند، اسانس آویشن فعالیت ضد میکروبی خوبی حتی در غلظت های پایین از خود نشان داد. با کاربرد اسانس آویشن شیرازی علیه باکتری های بیماریزا می توان به یک ماده ضد میکروبی خوب بدون اثر جانبی دست پیدا کرد. Manuscript profile

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66 - اثرات نعناع و آلوئه ورا بر جمعیت میکروفلورای ایلئوم و عملکرد رشد در جوجه‌های گوشتی در مقایسه با آنتی‌بیوتیک محرک رشد
ب. دارابی‌قانع ف. میرزایی آقچه قشلاق ب. نوید شاد ع. مهدوی ا. زارعی س. ناهاشون

این تحقیق به منظور مقایسه اثرات دو گیاه دارویی (نعناع و آلوئه ورا) و آنتی‌بیوتیک محرک رشد بر جمعیت میکروفلورای ایلئوم و عملکرد رشد در جوجه‌های گوشتی انجام گردید. در این آزمایش از 375 قطعه جوجه یکروزه نر (راس 308) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 5 تیمار و هر تیمار شامل 5 تک More

این تحقیق به منظور مقایسه اثرات دو گیاه دارویی (نعناع و آلوئه ورا) و آنتی‌بیوتیک محرک رشد بر جمعیت میکروفلورای ایلئوم و عملکرد رشد در جوجه‌های گوشتی انجام گردید. در این آزمایش از 375 قطعه جوجه یکروزه نر (راس 308) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 5 تیمار و هر تیمار شامل 5 تکرار و 15 جوجه در هر تکرار استفاده شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل: 1) جیره شاهد ( جیره پایه بدون هیچ افزودنی)، 2) جیره پایه + 10 گرم/کیلوگرم برگ خشک شده نعناع، 3) جیره پایه + 10 گرم/کیلوگرم ژل آلوئه ورا، 4) جیره پایه + 5 گرم/کیلوگرم برگ خشک شده نعناع + 5 گرم/کیلوگرم ژل آلوئه ورا و 5) جیره پایه + 10 پی‌پی‌ام آنتی‌بیوتیک ویرجینیامایسین بودند. پارامترهای عملکرد رشد برای دوره‌های آغازین، رشد و پایانی و جمعیت باکتری‌های لاکتوباسیلوس و اشرشیاکلی در روز 42 مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. بیشترین تعداد باکتری‌های لاکتوباسیلوس در ایلئوم جوجه‌های تغذیه شده با خوراک حاوی مخلوط برگ خشک شده نعناع و ژل آلوئه ورا مشاهده شد (05/0>P). جوجه‌های دریافت‌کننده مکمل گیاهان دارویی، کمترین جمعیت اشرشیاکلی را در مقایسه با جوجه‌های شاهد داشتند (05/0>P). جوجه‌های تغذیه شده با آنتی‌بیوتیک خوراک مصرفی، افزایش وزن بدن و درصد لاشه بیشتری نسبت به جوجه‌های شاهد و جوجه‌های تغذیه شده با گیاهان دارویی را بدست آوردند و جوجه‌های تغذیه شده با گیاهان دارویی خوراک مصرفی، افزایش وزن بدن و درصد لاشه بالاتری نسبت به جوجه‌های شاهد را دارا بودند (05/0>P). جوجه‌های تغذیه شده با خوراک حاوی مخلوط برگ خشک شده نعناع و ژل آلوئه ورا عملکرد رشد و درصد لاشه بهتری را داشتند. این مطالعه بیانگر آن است که استفاده از مخلوط برگ خشک شده نعناع و ژل آلوئه ورا بعنوان مکمل خوراک جوجه‌های گوشتی می‌تواند جایگزینی برای آنتی‌بیوتیک محرک رشد باشد. Manuscript profile

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67 - تأثیر جایگزین‏های آنتی‏بیوتیکی بر فلور میکروبی و صفات بافتی روده جوجه‏های گوشتی تغذیه شده با جیره بر پایه گندم
ح. هاشمی پور ح. کرمانشاهی ا. گلیان ا. راجی

این آزمایش به‌ منظور مطالعه تأثیر آنزیم و ترکیبات فعال فیتوژنیکی (گیاهی) بر جمعیت میکروبی ایلئوم و صفات بافتی ایلئوم و ژژنوم جوجه&rlm;های گوشتی تغذیه شده با جیره گندم، گرفت. آزمایش به ‌صورت فاکتوریل 3 × 2‌ با 2 سطح آنزیم اندوفید W (صفر و 05/0 درصد) و سه  سطح More

این آزمایش به‌ منظور مطالعه تأثیر آنزیم و ترکیبات فعال فیتوژنیکی (گیاهی) بر جمعیت میکروبی ایلئوم و صفات بافتی ایلئوم و ژژنوم جوجه&rlm;های گوشتی تغذیه شده با جیره گندم، گرفت. آزمایش به ‌صورت فاکتوریل 3 × 2‌ با 2 سطح آنزیم اندوفید W (صفر و 05/0 درصد) و سه  سطح تیمول + کارواکرول (صفر، 100 و 200 میلی&rlm;گرم به ازای کیلوگرم) انجام شد. هر یک از 6 جیره آزمایشی به 5 تکرار 12 جوجه&rlm;ای، از صفر تا 42 روزگی تغذیه شد. اضافه کردن آنزیم و تیمول + کارواکرول به جیره گندم، جمعیت لاکتوباسیلوس را افزایش و اشرشیاکلی را کاهش داد در حالی‌که بر جمعیت بیفیدوباکتریوم تأثیری نداشت. بافت&rlm;شناسی ژژنوم در 24 روزگی نشان داد که افزودن آنزیم به جیره گندم، ارتفاع پرز، سطح پرز، عمق کریپت، ضخامت لایه مخاطی و تعداد سلول‌های گابلت را افزایش داده در حالی‌که عرض پرز را در مقایسه با جیره کنترل کاهش می&rlm;دهد. تیمول + کارواکرول در جیره گندم، ارتفاع پرز، مساحت پرز، نسبت ارتفاع پرز به عمق کریپت و تعداد سلول‌های گابلت را افزایش داده اما تأثیری بر عمق کریپت، ضخامت لایه مخاطی و لایه ماهیچه&rlm;ای نداشت. نتایج اندازه&rlm;گیری&rlm;های ژژنومی در 42 روزگی نشان داد که آنزیم، ارتفاع پرز، عمق کریپت، ضخامت لایه مخاطی و تعداد سلول‌های گابلت را افزایش می‌دهد، اگر‌چه عرض پرز در مقایسه با جیره کنترل کاهش می‌یابد. بافت&rlm;شناسی ایلئوم در 24 روزگی مشخص کرد که آنزیم، ارتفاع پرز، مساحت پرز و تعداد سلول‌های گابلت را افزایش می‌دهد اما عرض پرز، عمق کریپت، ضخامت لایه مخاطی و ضخامت لایه ماهیچه‌ای را تحت تأثیر قرار نمی‌دهد. اثر تیمول + کارواکرول بر بافت&rlm;شناسی ایلئومی در 24 روزگی الگویی مشابه با آنزیم داشت. در 42 روزگی، اندازه‌گیری&rlm;های ایلئومی نشان داد که مکمل آنزیمی به ‌طور معنی‌داری ارتفاع پرز و عمق کریپت را افزایش می‌دهد. تیمول + کارواکرول موجب افزایش ارتفاع پرز و مساحت پرز می‌شود. بنابراین، افزودن آنزیم و تیمول + کارواکرول می&rlm;تواند با افزایش جمعیت میکروبی مفید و کاهش باکتری‌های بیماری&rlm;زا وضعیت میکروبی روده را تعدیل نماید و ساختار مخاطی ژژنوم و ایلئومی را از طریق افزایش ارتفاع پرز، سطح پرز و سلول‌های گابلت، بهبود بخشد. Manuscript profile

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68 - اثر اسیدی فایرها بر ویژگی های دستگاه گوارش و عملکرد جوجه های گوشتی
س. یخکشی پ. شورنگ س. رحیمی

اثر Selko-pH (1 میلی‌لیتر در لیتر آب آشامیدنی)، Termin-8 (2 کیلوگرم در تن) و Neogermicin (2 لیتر در تن) بر pH دستگاه گوارش، جمعیت میکروبی، قابلیت هضم و عملکرد جوجه‌های گوشتی مطالعه شد. کمترین مصرف خوراک در کل دوره مربوط به جوجه‌هایی بود که جیره حاوی Selko دریافت کردند ( More

اثر Selko-pH (1 میلی‌لیتر در لیتر آب آشامیدنی)، Termin-8 (2 کیلوگرم در تن) و Neogermicin (2 لیتر در تن) بر pH دستگاه گوارش، جمعیت میکروبی، قابلیت هضم و عملکرد جوجه‌های گوشتی مطالعه شد. کمترین مصرف خوراک در کل دوره مربوط به جوجه‌هایی بود که جیره حاوی Selko دریافت کردند (05/0P<). بیشترین افزایش وزن در 22 تا 42 روزگی و کل دوره مربوط به جوجه‌هایی که Neogermicin دریافت کردند و گروه شاهد بود (05/0P<). بیشترین و کمترین ضریب تبدیل غذایی در 22 تا 42 روزگی و کل دوره به ‌ترتیب متعلق به گروه کنترل و گروهی بود که Neogermicin دریافت کردند (05/0P<). افزودن اسیدی‌فایر به جیره جمعیت باکتری‌های اسیدلاکتیکی را افزایش و تعداد کلی‌فرم‌ها را در سنین مختلف کاهش داد. گروه شاهد و پرندگانی که Neogermicin دریافت کردند به ‌ترتیب کمترین و بیشترین ضرایب هضم ماده خشک و انرژی خام را داشتند. pH در قسمت‌های مختلف دستگاه گوارش با افزودن اسیدی‌فایر بر جیره نسبت به گروه شاهد کاهش یافت. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که افزودن اسیدی‌فایر بر جیره سبب بهبود میکروفلور روده با کاهش دادن pH روده می‌شود. قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی و انرژی با افزودن اسیدی‌فایر بهتر می‌شود. در بین اسیدی‌فایرها Selko کمترین اثر را داشت. Manuscript profile

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69 - تأثیر افزودن عصاره هسته انگور و ویتامین C به جیره بر خصوصیات لاشه، مرفولوژی روده و فلور میکروبی ایلئوم جوجه‌های گوشتی مواجه شده با تنش گرمایی مزمن
H. Hajati A. Hassanabadi A.G. Golian H. Nassiri-Moghaddam M.R. Nassiri

این مطالعه به منظور بررسی تأثیر افزودن عصاره هسته انگور و ویتامین C بر خصوصیات لاشه، مرفولوژی روده، و فلور میکروبی ایلنوم جوجه‌های گوشتی مواجه شده با تنش گرمایی مزمن انجام شد. جیره‌های آزمایشی شامل یک جیره کنترل (بدون افزودنی)، 3 سطح عصاره هسته انگور (150، 300، 450 میلی More

این مطالعه به منظور بررسی تأثیر افزودن عصاره هسته انگور و ویتامین C بر خصوصیات لاشه، مرفولوژی روده، و فلور میکروبی ایلنوم جوجه‌های گوشتی مواجه شده با تنش گرمایی مزمن انجام شد. جیره‌های آزمایشی شامل یک جیره کنترل (بدون افزودنی)، 3 سطح عصاره هسته انگور (150، 300، 450 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم جیره) و ویتامین C (300 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم جیره، به عنوان کنترل مثبت) بودند. هر کدام از پنج جیره به جوجه‌های گوشتی کاب 500 در 5 تکرار و 12 جوجه در هر تکرار از سن 1 تا 42 روزگی تغذیه شدند. پرنده‌ها از سن 29 تا 42 روزگی روزانه 5 ساعت با تنش گرمایی مزمن با دمای 1 ± 34 درجه سانتی‌گراد و رطوبت نسبی 70-65 درصد مواجه شدند. افزودن عصاره هسته انگور و ویتامین C به جیره پایه درصد وزن نسبی لاشه خوردنی، سینه، ران + ساق، کبد، سنگدان خالی و چربی محوطه شکمی را تحت تأثیر قرار نداد. به علاوه قبل و بعد از تنش گرمایی طول نسبی دئودنوم، ژژنوم، ایلئوم جوجه‌ها در مقایسه با گروه شاهد تغییر معنی‌داری نشان نداد. استفاده از عصاره هسته انگور و ویتامین C در جیره سبب تفاوت معنی‌دار در ضخامت لایه ماهیچه‌ای ژژنوم، ارتفاع پرز، عرض پرز و عمق کریپت پرنده‌ها قبل از تنش گرمایی شد. افزودن عصاره هسته انگور یا ویتامین C تأثیر معنی‌داری بر ضخامت لایه ماهیچه‌ای ژژنوم، عرض پرز، عمق کریپت و نسبت پرز: کریپت جوجه های گوشتی تحت تنش گرمایی نداشت (42 روزگی). اما، جوجه‌های گوشتی تغذییه شده با جیره حاوی عصاره هسته انگور پرز طویل‌تری نسبت به گروه شاهد در سن 42 روزگی داشتند (05/0<P). افزودن عصاره هسته انگور یا ویتامین C جمعیت کلی فرم‌ها و اشرشیاکلی ایلئوم جوجه‌های گوشتی را قبل از شرایط تنش گرمایی کاهش داد (28 روزگی). تحت شرایط تنش گرمایی مزمن، جمعیت کلی فرم‌ها و اشرشیاکلی در ایلئوم جوجه‌های گوشتی تغذیه شده با عصاره هسته انگور در مقایسه با پرنده‌های شاهد بیشتر بود (05/0<P). بنابراین ما عصاره هسته انگور را به عنوان یک منبع جدید مکمل عصاره گیاهی برای استفاده در جیره جوجه‌های گوشتی برای بهبود ارتفاع پرز ژژنوم و کاهش باکتری‌های مضر در ایلئوم پرنده‌ها قبل و حین شرایط تنش گرمایی مزمن پیشنهاد می‌کنیم. Manuscript profile

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70 - اثر ضد اکسیدانی مکمل جیره‌ای عصاره آویشن شیرازی روی حساسیت گوشت جوجه‌های گوشتی به اکسیداسیون لیپیدی در طی ذخیره‌سازی به صورت منجمد
ف. محمدپور ح. درمانی‌کوهی م. مطیحی اصلی

در این آزمایش، تأثیر مکمل‪سازی عصاره آویشن شیرازی روی حساسیت گوشت جوجههای گوشتی به اکسیداسیون در طول ذخیره‪سازی در فریزر در دمای 20- درجه سانتیگراد به مدت 6 ماه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. 336 قطعه جوجه یکروزه به 7 تیمار در 4 تکرار (12 جوجه در هر تکرار) در یک طرح کا More

در این آزمایش، تأثیر مکمل‪سازی عصاره آویشن شیرازی روی حساسیت گوشت جوجههای گوشتی به اکسیداسیون در طول ذخیره‪سازی در فریزر در دمای 20- درجه سانتیگراد به مدت 6 ماه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. 336 قطعه جوجه یکروزه به 7 تیمار در 4 تکرار (12 جوجه در هر تکرار) در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی اختصاص داده شد. جیرههای آزمایشی در این مطالعه شامل: تیمار 1) جیره پایه (گروه کنترل، بدون عصاره آویشن شیرازی)، تیمار 2 و 3) به ترتیب جیره پایه مکمل شده با 5/0 و 1 درصد عصاره آویشن شیرازی به مدت 42 روز، تیمار 4 و 5) به ترتیب جیره پایه مکمل شده با 5/0 و 1 درصد عصاره آویشن شیرازی در 2 هفته پایانی دوره پرورش و تیمار 6 و 7) به ترتیب جیره پایه مکمل شده با 5/0 و 1 درصد عصاره آویشن شیرازی در 1 هفته پایانی دوره پرورش، بودند. حساسیت گوشت به اکسیداسیون چربی به وسیله اندازهگیری pH و سطح مواد واکنش دهنده با تیوباربیتوریک اسید (TBARS) در ماهیچه ران پس از 2، 4 و 6 ماه دوره ذخیره‪سازی تعیین شد. نتایج حاصل تأثیر تیمار با عصاره آویشن شیرازی بر ثبات اکسیداتیو گوشت در جوجههای گوشتی را در مقایسه با گروه شاهد نشان داد (05/0P<). با افزایش مدت زمان ذخیره‪سازی، میزان TBARS در گوشت افزایش و میزان pH و رطوبت گوشت کاهش یافت (05/0P<). Manuscript profile

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71 - بررسی پروتئین تک یاخته‌ای به عنوان یک خوراک نامتعارف در تغذیه جوجه‌های گوشتی
م.ر. پورعلمی س. سیفی ع.ر. عبدالهی کاکرودی ر. خوشبخت

پروتئین تک یاخته‌ای تعریفی برای سلول‌های خشک شده‌ای است که از ارگانیسم‌های تک سلولی تشکیل شده‌اند و به عنوان منبع پروتئینی در غذاهای انسان یا خوراک حیوانات مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرند. آزمایشی برای ارزیابی اثرات سطوح مختلف پروتئین تک یاخته‌ای بر روی میکروفلور مدفوع و صفا More

پروتئین تک یاخته‌ای تعریفی برای سلول‌های خشک شده‌ای است که از ارگانیسم‌های تک سلولی تشکیل شده‌اند و به عنوان منبع پروتئینی در غذاهای انسان یا خوراک حیوانات مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرند. آزمایشی برای ارزیابی اثرات سطوح مختلف پروتئین تک یاخته‌ای بر روی میکروفلور مدفوع و صفات تولیدی جوجه‌های گوشتی انجام شد. در مجموع 192 جوجه یکروزه نر نژاد راس 308، به صورت تصادفی به 4 تیمار تقسیم شدند. هر تیمار شامل 48 پرنده و 4 تکرار 12 قطعه‌ای بود. از روز اول پرورش، جوجه‌ها با یک جیره غذایی بر پایه ذرت و سویا به همراه سطوح مختلف پروتئین تک یاخته‌ای (0، 5، 10 و 15 درصد جیره) تغذیه شدند. در روز 47 دوره پرورش، چهار پرنده از هر تیمار به صورت تصادفی برای کشتار و مطالعه میکروبی انتخاب شدند. تعداد کل باکتری‌های هوازی، لاکتوباسیل‌ها و کولی فرم‌های روده در تیمارهای مختلف، تفاوت معنی‌داری نداشت. پروتئین تک یاخته‌ای در سطوح 10 و 15 درصد باعث تلفات بالا شد. همچنین استفاده از پروتئین تک یاخته‌ای، تأثیرات نامطلوبی بر وزن‌گیری، مصرف غذا و بازده خوراک داشت. در نتیجه، اگر چه استفاده از پروتئین تک یاخته‌ای باعث کاهش قیمت جیره شد، اما تأثیرات نامطلوبی بر عملکرد پرندگان داشت. Manuscript profile

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72 - اثرات اسیدیفایر و جاذب سم بر عملکرد، خصوصیات لاشه، فراسنجه‌های خونی، جمعیت میکروبی و مورفولوژی روده در جوجه‌های گوشتی
م.ر. حیدری ع.ا. صادقی و. رضایی‌پور

آزمایشی به منظور بررسی اثرات اسیدیفایر و جاذب سم بر عملکرد، خصوصیات لاشه، فراسنجه‌های خونی، جمعیت میکروبی و مورفولوژی روده در جوجه‌های گوشتی انجام شد. تعداد 256 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه در چهار تیمار آزمایشی، هر یک با 4 تکرار توزیع شدند. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل یک جیره پایه More

آزمایشی به منظور بررسی اثرات اسیدیفایر و جاذب سم بر عملکرد، خصوصیات لاشه، فراسنجه‌های خونی، جمعیت میکروبی و مورفولوژی روده در جوجه‌های گوشتی انجام شد. تعداد 256 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه در چهار تیمار آزمایشی، هر یک با 4 تکرار توزیع شدند. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل یک جیره پایه و جیره پایه همراه با توکسین بایندر، اسیدیفایر و یا استفاده توام توکسین بایندر و اسیدیفایر بود. در انتهای هر فاز، صفات عملکرد شامل میزان مصرف خوراک، افزایش وزن و ضریب تبدیل غذایی اندازه‌گیری شد. در روزهای 24 و 42 دوره آزمایش از هر پن یک جوجه انتخاب و صفات عملکرد لاشه، فراسنجه‌های خونی، جمعیت میکروبی روده و مورفولوژی روده اندازه‌گیری شدند. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که تیمارهای آزمایش تأثیری بر عملکرد رشد جوجه‌های گوشتی نداشتند. بیشترین وزن کبد و قلب مربوط به جوجه‌های گوشتی دریافت کننده جیره حاوی توکسین بایندر بود. تیمارهای آزمایشی تأثیر معنی‌داری بر فراسنجه‌های ایمنی خون (تیتر آنتی بادی) و جمعیت میکروبی روده نداشتند. نتایج نشان داد که جوجه‌های دریافت‌کننده جیره شماره 4 (توکسین بایندر همراه با اسیدیفایر) و شماره 3 (توکسین بایندر) به ترتیب کمترین مقدار کلسترول و تری‌گلیسرید و نیز پروتئین، اسید اوریک و آنزیم کبدی را به خود اختصاص دادند. در صفات ریخت شناسی روده، استفاده همزمان از اسیدیفایر و توکسین بایندر سبب بهبود معنی‌دار صفات مورفولوژی روده در جوجه‌های گوشتی شد. بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق می‌توان از مخلوط اسیدیفایر و توکسین بایندر در جیره جوجه‌های گوشتی استفاده کرد بدون اینکه تأثیر منفی بر عملکرد رشد جوجه گوشتی داشته باشد. Manuscript profile

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73 - اثر پری‌بیوتیک و نوع تنظیم خوراک بر عملکرد، جمعیت میکروبی روده و تولید گاز در روده کور مرغان تخمگذار
ه. جهانیان نجف‌آبادی ع.1. ساکی ز. بهرامی ع. احمدی د. علی‌پور م. عبدالملکی

در این آزمایش، اثر پریبیوتیک بایوماس® و نوع تنظیم خوراک (بر اساس اسید‌آمینه کل و قابل هضم) بر عملکرد و جمعیت میکروبی روده باریک مرغان تخمگذار در یک دوره آزمایشی به مدت 10 هفته مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. تعداد 168 قطعه مرغ تخمگذار سویه‌های لاین 36-W در سن 73 هفتگی More

در این آزمایش، اثر پریبیوتیک بایوماس® و نوع تنظیم خوراک (بر اساس اسید‌آمینه کل و قابل هضم) بر عملکرد و جمعیت میکروبی روده باریک مرغان تخمگذار در یک دوره آزمایشی به مدت 10 هفته مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. تعداد 168 قطعه مرغ تخمگذار سویه‌های لاین 36-W در سن 73 هفتگی به طور تصادفی به 4 تیمار آزمایشی، 7 تکرار و 6 پرنده در هر تکرار اختصاص داده شدند. این مطالعه در قالب آزمایش فاکتوریل 2 × 2 با طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی شامل دو سطح پریبیوتیک (0 و 5/0 کیلوگرم در تن جیره) و دو نوع تنظیم اسید‌آمینه خوراک (کل و قابل هضم) انجام شد. تولید تخم مرغ، وزن تخم مرغ، توده تخم مرغ، میانگین مصرف خوراک روزانه و ضریب تبدیل غذایی بوسیله پریبیوتیک بایوماس®، نوع تنظیم اسید‌آمینه خوراک و اثر متقابل آنها به طور معنیداری تحت تأثیر قرار نگرفتند. پارامترهای کیفی تخم مرغ شامل وزن مخصوص، ضخامت پوسته، وزن پوسته، واحد هاو و رنگ زرده تحت تأثیر پریبیوتیک بایوماس® و نوع تنظیم اسید‌آمینه خوراک قرار نگرفتند (05/0P>). هیچ اثر معنیداری از پریبیوتیک بایوماس®، نوع تنظیم اسید آمینه خوراک و اثر متقابل آنها بر شمارش باکتریهای لاکتوباسیل در ایلئوم مرغان تخمگذار مشاهده نشد (05/0P>). هیچ اختلاف معنیداری از نظر سرعت و حجم تولید گاز در روده کور بین تیمارهای آزمایشی وجود نداشت (05/0P>). در نتیجه افزودنی خوراکی مورد استفاده در این مطالعه تأثیر معنیداری بر عملکرد، شمارش باکتری لاکتوباسیلوس در روده و تولید گاز و جمعیت میکروبی روده کور مرغان تخمگذار نداشت. Manuscript profile

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74 - تأثیر سین‌بیوتیک بر عملکرد، مورفولوژی روده، جمعیت میکروبی مدفوع و متابولیت‌های خونی در بره‌های شیرخوار
ا. معرب ت. قورچی س. رمضانپور ف. گنجی ع.ر. کوچک زاده

تأثیر افزودن مکمل سینبیوتیک در جیره برههای شیرخوار نژاد مغانی مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت. هیجده بره به سه گروه (6 رأس در هر گروه براساس وزن 5-6 ماه و سن 2±3 روز) تقسیم شد و دوره پرورش 90 روز بود. تیمارها عبارت بودند از: شاهد (برههای تغذیه شده با شیر ماد More

تأثیر افزودن مکمل سینبیوتیک در جیره برههای شیرخوار نژاد مغانی مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت. هیجده بره به سه گروه (6 رأس در هر گروه براساس وزن 5-6 ماه و سن 2±3 روز) تقسیم شد و دوره پرورش 90 روز بود. تیمارها عبارت بودند از: شاهد (برههای تغذیه شده با شیر مادر همراه با جیره آغازین)، جیره شاهد + 3 گرم سینبیوتیک به ازای هر بره در روز، و جیره شاهد + 6 گرم سینبیوتیک به ازای هر بره در روز. مصرف ماده خشک، افزایش وزن روزانه و ضریب تبدیل خوراک به طور ماهانه در طول دوره پرورش اندازهگیری شد. نمونهگیری خون در روزهای ابتدا و انتهای دوره پرورش انجام گرفت. نمونهگیری مدفوع برای اندازهگیری بار میکروبی مدفوع هر ماه در طی پرورش انجام شد و کلیفرمها، لاکتو باسیلوسها و باکتریهای هوازی کل اندازهگیری شدند. در پایان دوره پرورش تعداد 4 بره از هر گروه به منظور بررسی تغییرات مورفولوژیکی روده کشتار شدند. تیمار حاوی 3 گرم سینبیوتیک به ازای هر بره در روز بیشترین مقدار افزایش وزن روزانه، وزن بدن، مصرف خوراک روزانه و بهترین ضریب تبدیل را نسبت به گروه شاهد داشت، اما تفاوت معنیداری مشاهده نشد. استفاده 3 گرم سینبیوتیک به طور معنیداری کلسترول خون را کاهش داد. تعداد کلیفرمهای مدفوع و لاکتو باسیلها به ترتیب به طور معنیداری کاهش و افزایش پیدا کرد. نتایج نشان داد سینبیوتیک میتواند به عنوان محرک رشد در برهها استفاده شود و باعث بهبود سلامتی روده آنها شود. Manuscript profile

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75 - اثربخشی استفاده از پروبیوتیک چند سویه‌ای در عملکرد، پاسخ‌های ایمنی و جمعیت میکروبی سکوم در جوجه‌های گوشتی پرورش ‌یافته در شرایط استرس گرمایی
ن. لندی ا. کاویانی

این پژوهش جهت بررسی اثرات استفاده از پروبیوتیک چند سویه‌ای (پریمالاک) در عملکرد، پاسخ‌های ایمنی و جمعیت‌ میکروبی سکوم در جوجه‌های گوشتی پرورش ‌یافته در استرس گرمایی انجام شد. در این آزمایش 96 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه (سویه راس 308) به‌طور تصادفی به 8 گروه 12 قطعه‌ای تقسیم More

این پژوهش جهت بررسی اثرات استفاده از پروبیوتیک چند سویه‌ای (پریمالاک) در عملکرد، پاسخ‌های ایمنی و جمعیت‌ میکروبی سکوم در جوجه‌های گوشتی پرورش ‌یافته در استرس گرمایی انجام شد. در این آزمایش 96 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه (سویه راس 308) به‌طور تصادفی به 8 گروه 12 قطعه‌ای تقسیم و سپس با وجود 2 تیمار آزمایشی هر 4 گروه به‌طور تصادفی به یکی از تیمارهای آزمایشی اختصاص داده شدند. در طول دوره آزمایش (42-0 روزگی)، جوجه‌های گوشتی جیره پایه (کنترل) و جیره پایه مکمل ‌شده با 9/0 گرم پریمالاک در کیلوگرم خوراک را دریافت کردند. میانگین مصرف خوراک روزانه، ضریب ‌تبدیل غذایی و افزایش ‌وزن روزانه در سنین 14، 28 و 42 روزگی تعیین شدند. جمعیت میکروبی لاکتوباسیلوس‌ها و کلیفرم‌ها در سکوم اندازه‌گیری و محاسبه شدند. در سن 28 روزگی نمونه خون از ورید بالی برای اندازه‌گیری عیار پادتن بر علیه نیوکاسل، برونشیت، و گامبرو گرفته شد. نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق نشان داد که استفاده از پروبیوتیک به‌طور معنی‌داری (05/0P<) باعث افزایش عملکرد در جوجه‌های گوشتی گردید، به‌طوریکه وزن‌بدن و متوسط افزایش ‌وزن روزانه افزایش و ضریب ‌تبدیل خوراکی کاهش یافت. جمعیت میکروبی لاکتوباسیلوس‌ها در جوجه‌های مکمل‌ شده با پروبیوتیک به‌طور معنی‌داری افزایش یافت و جمعیت کلی‌فرم‌ها به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت (05/0P<). همچنین استفاده از پروبیوتیک عیار پادتن تولیدی بر علیه ویروس نیوکاسل، برونشیت و گامبرو را افزایش داد. از جمع‌بندی نتایج این تحقیق چنین به‌نظر می‌رسد که مکمل کردن جیره‌های جوجه‌های گوشتی پرورش ‌یافته در شرایط استرس گرمایی با 9/0 گرم پریمالاک در کیلوگرم خوراک اثرات مطلوبی را در عملکرد، پاسخ‌های ایمنی و جمعیت میکروبی سکوم القا نمود. Manuscript profile

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76 - اثر پرتوتابی بیم الکترون بر جمعیت میکروبی، مورفولوژی روده، قابلیت هضم ایلیومی و عملکرد جوجههای گوشتی
س. یخکشی ش. رحیمی پ. شورنگ

تعداد 300 قطعه جوجه یکروزه نر سویه کاپ 500 به‌صورت تصادفی بین پنج تیمار، پنج تکرار و در هر تکرار 15 جوجه تقسیم شدند. جیرههای آزمایشی شامل گروه شاهد (جیره پرتوتابی نشده)، و جیره پرتوتابی شده با دزهای 3، 5 و 7 کیلوگری بود. ترکیبات شیمیایی جیره تحت تاثیر پرتوتابی قرار More

تعداد 300 قطعه جوجه یکروزه نر سویه کاپ 500 به‌صورت تصادفی بین پنج تیمار، پنج تکرار و در هر تکرار 15 جوجه تقسیم شدند. جیرههای آزمایشی شامل گروه شاهد (جیره پرتوتابی نشده)، و جیره پرتوتابی شده با دزهای 3، 5 و 7 کیلوگری بود. ترکیبات شیمیایی جیره تحت تاثیر پرتوتابی قرار نگرفت. پرتوتابی در دزهای 5 و 7 کیلوگری سبب حذف کامل بار میکروبی جیره شد (05/0P<) و با افزایش دز پرتوتابی جمعیت باکتری‌های هوازی و کلی‌فرم‌ها در ایلیوم و سکوم در روزهای 14، 28 و 42 دوره پرورش کاهش یافت (0001/0; Q: P<001/0L: P<). جمعیت کل کلی‌فرم‌ها در ایلیوم با افزایش دز بیم الکترون در روزهای 21 و 42 دوره پرورش کاهش معنی‌داری داشت (0001/0Q: P<). به‌استثنای لاکتوباسیلوس در ایلیوم، جمعیت لاکتوباسیلوس‌های دستگاه گوارش در روز 42 دوره پرورش با افزایش دز بیم الکترون کاهش یافت. افزایش خطی در ارتفاع پرزهای دودنوم، ژژنوم و ایلیوم با افزایش دز بیم الکترون در روزهای 21 و 42 دوره پرورش مشاهده شد. افزایش خطی و کاهش خطی در نسبت طول پرز به عمق کریپت در ژژنوم به‌ترتیب در روزهای 21 و 42 دوره پرورش مشاهده شد (05/0P<). نسبت طول پرز به عمق کریپت در دودنوم و ژژنوم به صورت خطی با افزایش دز بیم الکترون افزایش یافت (001/0Q: P<). مقدار خوراک‌ مصرفی، مرگ‌و‌میر، افزایش وزن بدن و ضریب ‌تبدیل غذایی بین تیمارهای مختلف در دوره 1 تا 12 و 14 تا 28 تفاوتی نداشت. طی کل دوره پرورش و دوره 28 تا 42 افزایش وزن بدن به صورت افزایشی (001/0Q: P<) و ضریب‌ تبدیل غذایی به صورت کاهشی (01/0Q: P<) با افزایش دز بیم ارتباط داشت. قابلیت ‌هضم ایلیومی ماده ‌خشک، ماده آلی، عصاره اتری، انرژی ‌خام و انرژی قابل متابولیسم با افزایش دز بیم الکترون افزایش یافت (001/0Q: P<). نتایج نشان داد که پرتوتابی جیره با بیم الکترون سبب کاهش بار کلی‌فرم‌ها و زیاد شدن باکتری‌های تولیدکننده اسید لاکتیک می‌شود. در ضمن قابلیت ‌هضم ایلیومی، افزایش وزن بدن و ضریب ‌تبدیل با پرتوتابی بیم الکترون بهبود می‌یابد. Manuscript profile

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77 - بررسی عطر گل و اسانس گلبرگ Rosa iberica
حبیب حسینی بهمن زاهدی ابوالفضل جوکار مریم جعفرخانی کرمانی اکبر کرمی

گلهای وحشی رز ایبریکا بهمنظور پیدا کردن عطر و اسانس مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. تجزیه و تحلیل توسط گاز کروماتوگرافی و گاز کروماتوگرافی / طیف سنج جرمی (GS / MS) انجام شد. ترکیبات آلی فرار استخراج شده از گلبرگها حاوی یازده ترکیب بود که فراوانترین این ترکیب More

گلهای وحشی رز ایبریکا بهمنظور پیدا کردن عطر و اسانس مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. تجزیه و تحلیل توسط گاز کروماتوگرافی و گاز کروماتوگرافی / طیف سنج جرمی (GS / MS) انجام شد. ترکیبات آلی فرار استخراج شده از گلبرگها حاوی یازده ترکیب بود که فراوانترین این ترکیبات عبارتند از: الکل فنیل اتیل (82/38 %)، بنزیل الکل (48/28 %) و ژرانیول (57/12 %). تجزیه و تحلیل اسانس شامل سیزده ترکیب بود که آنتول (56/45 %) و اسید فتالیک (23/32 %) بیشترین میزان را داشتند. رایحه و اسانس موجود در گلبرگهای R. iberica بهعنوان مواد افزودنی طبیعی غذایی، ترکیبات دارویی و یک گیاه معطر در استراتژیهای اصلاحی گیاهان زینتی مفید است. Manuscript profile

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78 - The effect of sonication on thyme essential oil- containing nano-niosome as nano bio-detergents
Zohre Karimi Samira Naderinezhad Fateme Haghiralsadat

Background & Objectives: Due to antimicrobial properties of plants, lots of attention has been recently paid to the addition of natural ingredients to pharmaceutical, food and healthcare systems. The aim of this study was investigation and synthesis of  thyme e More

Background & Objectives: Due to antimicrobial properties of plants, lots of attention has been recently paid to the addition of natural ingredients to pharmaceutical, food and healthcare systems. The aim of this study was investigation and synthesis of  thyme essential oil - containing nanoparticles as bio-detergents. Material & Methods: Thyme essential oil was extracted and purified using Clevenger apparatus. Then nano-niosomes containing thyme essential oil was prepared by Bangham method using Tween 60, Span 60 and lipid cholesterol. Then, two methods were investigated in order to reduce the particles size (bath and probe sonication). The nanoparticles were characterized in term of release rate, size, zeta potential, morphology, infrared spectra and loading efficiency. The antibacterial properties of the detergent against Staphylococcus aureus were studied in term of the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and inhibition zone. Results: The results showed a smaller particle size resulted from probe sonication compared to bath sonication. The essential oil loading efficiency of particles prepared by bath sonication was  4.65%  higher than the probe sonication method. Type of sonication did not change the zeta potential of nanoparticles. The essential oil was physically encapsulated in the nano-niosome, without changing its properties during encapsulation. The nanoparticle was uniformly disturbed with spherical structure. The results showed a significant anti-bacterial property of the detergents against Staphylococcus aureus (MBC of 15.625 µg/ml). Conclusion: Bath sonication is economically recommended compared to probe sonication in preparation of nanoparticles. The results of this preliminary study introduce an anti-bacterial herbal detergent which can be more developed in further studies. Manuscript profile

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79 - Ecological Drivers of Ecosystem Diversity in Sahelian Rangeland of Niger
SOUMANA Idrissa Boubacar M. Moussa Youssoufa Issiaka Ali Mahamane Ambouta J.M. Karimou Mahamane Saadou

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80 - Dynamic Changes of Main Rumen Microflora and Ruminal Fermentation in Sheep Supplemented with Molasses-Urea
Changqing Li Alatengdalai . Shuyuan Xue Atsushi Asano Atsushi Tajima Naoto Ishikawa

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81 - Study of Physiognomy and Origin of Plant Species in Sarshiv Area of Marivan, Iran
Seyyed Mohsen Hassani Habib Yazdanshenas Kourosh Nazarpoor Fard Reza Bassiri Javad Pur Rezaee

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82 - Effect of Some Soil Properties on Distribution of Eurotia ceratoides and Stipa barbata in Baghedar, Bafgh Rangelands
Abdolhossein Rezaipoorbaghedar Mohammad Hossein Hakimi Majid Sadeghinia Hamid Reza Azimzadeh

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83 - Distribution and diversity of weed species in Sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L) Fields of Kermanshah Province
عبدالرضا احمدی مجید رستمی فریبا خاموشی Mozhgan veisi

In order to study the diversity of weed flora in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) fields of Kermanshah province, 92 fields in five cities of this province investigated during the spring and summer of 2014. The first stage of sampling was in May and the second stage was in Sep More

In order to study the diversity of weed flora in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) fields of Kermanshah province, 92 fields in five cities of this province investigated during the spring and summer of 2014. The first stage of sampling was in May and the second stage was in September. After sampling and identification of weeds, the diversity and evenness indices were calculated for each field. Acording to results in different cities of this province, five species of weeds have the highest value of dominance index. The most important weed in this experiment were warm season species such as Chenopodium album, Amaranthus spp, Setaria viridis, Xanthium strumarium and Convolvlus arvensis. The calculated value of domoinance index for above mentioned weeds were 197.7, 187.3, 170.3, 150.6 and 105.3, respectively and calculated dominance index for the rest of observed weeds was less than 100. Considering Shannon-Wiener diversity indices at the first stage of sampling the studied cities classified in two groups whereas in second stage the cities placed in three groups. In the first stage of sampling the highest value of Simpson diversity indice (0.78) calculated for Sahneh and the lowest value (0.67) observed in Eslamabad-e-Gharb, but in the second stage the highest value (0.93) of this indices belonged to Eslamabad-e-Gharb and the lowest value (0.83) calculated for Harsin. The obtained results after t-test showed that in both of stages there was the significant difference for species diversity of weeds among the studied cities Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

84 - Study of flora and mapping the distribution of weeds on field chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.) in Khorramabad
A. Ahmadi K. Mosavi

This study was conducted to find out the weed floristic composition of 24 chickpea farms in Khorramabad during 2012. Based on a floristic study, 70 weed species belonging to 20 families were identified. The results showed that dicots were predominant in the chickpea far More

This study was conducted to find out the weed floristic composition of 24 chickpea farms in Khorramabad during 2012. Based on a floristic study, 70 weed species belonging to 20 families were identified. The results showed that dicots were predominant in the chickpea farms. Maximum of weed densities were recorded for Gallium tricornutum (10.27 plants.m-2), Vaccaria grandiflora (4.3) and Vicia villosa (3.4) plants.m-2respectively. Maximum frequency of different weed species was recorded as G. tricornutum (93.8%), V. garndiflora, and C. dichotomum with frequency of 75%, and 59.4% respectively were the two others prevalent species. Carthamus oxyacantha, and Centaurea spp. With frequency of 56%, and Conringia orientalis, Vicia villosa, and Sinapis arvensis by frequency of more than 50% were the others prevalent weed species. Plant families of caryophyllaceae, compositae, and brassicacea any with two species, and rubiacea, and fabaceae families any with one species included the 8 species with frequency more than 50%. Among 30 species with frequency more than 10% only 4 species were biennial or perennial, that is 83.3% of weed species that had frequency more than 10% was annual. Of the total weed is detected (64 spacies , 75/92 % ) were C3, and (5 species , 25/7 %) had C4 photosynthetic pathway. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

85 - Phytochemical study of Zataria multiflora Boiss in different ecological conditions
Ahmad Niczad Shahram Sharafzadeh Ardalan Alizadeh Bahram Amiri Forood Bazrafshan

In the present study, 4 different ecotypes of Zataria multiflora medicinal plant (Estahban, Neyriz, Fasa and Larestan), were investigated in order to identify the best ecotype in terms of the highest percentage of essential oil, essential oil components, total phenolic More

In the present study, 4 different ecotypes of Zataria multiflora medicinal plant (Estahban, Neyriz, Fasa and Larestan), were investigated in order to identify the best ecotype in terms of the highest percentage of essential oil, essential oil components, total phenolic content, antioxidant properties and polyphenolic compounds of methanolic extract. Essential oils were extracted from all ecotypes by hydro-distillation via Clevenger apparatus, then analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatograph connected to mass spectrophotometer (GC/MS) . In total, 52 compounds were identified in the essential oils of different ecotypes of Zataria multiflora. The main chemical constituents were, thymol (34.41 - 54.35 %), p-cymene (9.49 - 19.85 %), -Terpinene (7.34 - 16.70 %) and carvacrol (5.35 - 15.34 %). Determination of total phenol and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent and by the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, respectively. Polyphenolic components of extracts of different ecotypes were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Total phenols varied from 234.66 to 302.28 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight, IC50 values in the radical scavenging assay ranged from 348.63 to 453.76 mg/mL. The predominant polyphenolic compounds in the extracts of all ecotypes included: Thymol, Carvacrol, Quercetin and Rosmarinic acid. The results showed that Neyriz ecotype has the highest percentage of essential oil and the highest percentage of thymol. The highest amount of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity was observed in Larestan ecotype. The predominant polyphenolic component was thymol and was observed in the Fasa ecotype. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

86 - Effects of laser leveling and tillage on spatial correlation, population dynamic and weeds seed bank
M. Yosefi M.J. Bahrani E. Kazeroni Monfared M. Dastory

Weeds are present in all agroecosystems and their presence depends on seeds in soil. Information on seeds bank and their effective environmental factors provide possibility for their prediction in future weeds seedlings density. An experiment was conducted in three sepa More

Weeds are present in all agroecosystems and their presence depends on seeds in soil. Information on seeds bank and their effective environmental factors provide possibility for their prediction in future weeds seedlings density. An experiment was conducted in three separated fields at Zarrin dasht in the southwest of Shiraz, Iran, to determine the effect of laser leveling on seed bank and the dynamic of weeds population in year 2010. The field was divided into 20 × 20 m2 grids for sampling. The sample was taken at the intersection of each unit at two depths of 0-15 and 15-30 cm and number of weed seeds were counted. Results showed that laser leveling operations had different effects on weed seeds density and distribution so that 30٪ of weed seed density and spot deterioration decreased. All weed seed spots had a high seed density in the center and gradually decreased within their fringes. On the other hand, although structural position of weed seed population were maintained prior and after leveling, it had a decreasing trend in this crop rotations Manuscript profile

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87 - The Sanitizing Effect of Peracetic Acid on Microbial Contamination of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.)
Najmeh Pakdaman Mohammad Moradi Ghahdarijani Amanollah Javanshah Ahmad Shakerardekani Najmeh Saberi

10.22034/jon.2021.1930202.1114

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88 - فلور قارچی چشم الاغ های سالم درایران
سعید ظفر نادری آرش عراقی سوره

قارچ ها ساکنین طبیعی سطح چشم در اسب سانان می باشند، لیکن در شرایط خاص باعث ایجاد کراتومایکوز می گردند. هدف از این مطالعه شناسایی فلور قارچی ملتحمه سالم الاغ ها در ایران وتعیین اثر جنس و سن میزبان بر روی این فلور می باشد. نمونه ها از هر دو چشم 120 راس الاغ سالم با گستره More

قارچ ها ساکنین طبیعی سطح چشم در اسب سانان می باشند، لیکن در شرایط خاص باعث ایجاد کراتومایکوز می گردند. هدف از این مطالعه شناسایی فلور قارچی ملتحمه سالم الاغ ها در ایران وتعیین اثر جنس و سن میزبان بر روی این فلور می باشد. نمونه ها از هر دو چشم 120 راس الاغ سالم با گستره سنی 1 تا12سال اخذ و در محیط سابرودکستروز آگار کشت گردید. در کل08/92% از نمونه ها برای یک تا 6 گونه قارچی مختلف مثبت بودند . در مجموع 10 جنس و 13 گونه قارچی جدا گردید. فراوانترین قارچ های جدا شده شامل جنس های کاندیدا(01/33%)، آلترناریا(91/25%)، پنی سیلیوم(89/16%) و آسپرژیلوس(70/11%) بودند. مخمرها (جنس های کاندیدا، رودوتورلا و جئوتریکوم)38% از جدایه ها را بخود اختصاص دادند. جنس و سن میزبان میزان جداسازی تعدادی از قارچ ها را تحت تاثیر قرار داد. یک همبستگی مثبت ما بین سن و تعداد گونه های قارچی جدا شده به ازای هر چشم دیده شد(008/0=P ، 187/0=r). قارچ های جدا شده مشابه موارد قبلی گزارش شده برای دیگر اسب سانان بود، اگر چه  فراوانی جدا سازی مخمرها بیشتر بود که می تواند ناشی از تفاوت های جغرافیایی باشد. Manuscript profile

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89 - Introduction of medicinal plants in Arak county
Noralah Abdi Masumeh Abdi Sedigheh Hasan zadeh

      ArakCounty with an area of 5594 km2 is located in Markazi province. The altitude ranges from 1650 m in the Meighan lake to 3118 m in Sefidkhani mountain. The mean annual precipitation varies from 200 mm in Ebrahimabad plain to 440 mm in th More

      ArakCounty with an area of 5594 km2 is located in Markazi province. The altitude ranges from 1650 m in the Meighan lake to 3118 m in Sefidkhani mountain. The mean annual precipitation varies from 200 mm in Ebrahimabad plain to 440 mm in the Sefidkhani mountains. Thus, this area has climatic variation and floristic richness. This study was conducted to introduce, classify and determine the distribution of medicinal plant species of Arak county. According to field studies and literature review, medicinal species was listed and some information including scientific name, family name, Persian name, botany specifications, distribution area, habitat altitude from sea level, utilized organ were recorded for each medicinal plant. According to results, in Arak county 143 medicinal plants species were identified belonging to 121 genera and 40 families. Asteraceae with 17, Papilionaceae with 16, Lamiaceae with 14, Brassicaceae and Linaceae (each with 9), Rosaceae with 8 and Apiaceae with 7 species, were the most families that have the highest number of medicinal species. About 40 percent of medicinal plants grow in the plains and 60 percent grow in mountainous areas. 126 species of medicinal plants were self-grown (wild) in natural resource boards and 17 species were planted. Considering the diverse climatic and topographic conditions and diversity of medicinal species in Arak county, this area has a high potential for development of medicinal plants cultivation.   Manuscript profile

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90 - Effects of Alginate Coating Containing Zataria multiflora Essential Oil in the Form of an Emulsion Gel and Nano-emulsion on the Chemical Quality and Sensory Properties of Rainbow Trout Fillet
Mohammad Hashemi Saba Sadat Salehi Mitra Rezaie Saeed Khanzadi Asma Afshari

10.22034/jchr.2021.1914501.1219

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91 - The Study of German Cockroaches (Blattela germanica) Midguts Bacterial Flora in Tehran
ساناز اکبری مجید مقبلی محمدعلی عشاقی

German Cockroaches (Blattela germanica) are insects that often live in dirty environment such as sewagesand toilets and feed from contaminatedmaterials.This insect is one of the most important factors to transport and spread bacteria in human environment, particularlyba More

German Cockroaches (Blattela germanica) are insects that often live in dirty environment such as sewagesand toilets and feed from contaminatedmaterials.This insect is one of the most important factors to transport and spread bacteria in human environment, particularlybacteria of Enterobacteriaceae family. In this study, German cockroachand#39;s midgetandrsquo;s bacterial flora in Tehran was identified. German cockroaches from various regions of Tehran were round up and their gut were extracted and cultured on microbial media. Grown samples identified with differentculture media.Ten bacterial genera were identified in cockroachand#39;s midgut. Nine genera were belonging to gram negative bacteria and one isolates belong to gram positive bacteria. These genera belong to Citrobacter (20%), Psedomonas (18%), Proteus (17%), E. coli (15.5%), Enterobacter (12%), Staphilococcus (11.1%), Salmonella (3.3%), Klebsiella (1.1%), Shigella and Hafnia (1%). Several pathogenicbacteria are growing within the body of German cockroach and transmittedto the human environment with these insects. Most of these bacteria are pathogenic and can effect on human health. In this study, the most of identified bacteria were belong to Enterobacteriaceae family, and could be pathogen and effective on human hygiene. Manuscript profile

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92 - The Effects of Hydroalcoholic Leaf Extract of Passiflora Caerulea on Activity of Liver Enzymes in Male Rats
طیبه Sadeghi مهرداد Shariati مختار Mokhtari

Passiflora caerulea is one of medicinal plants and use in medicinal industry. Passiflora caerulea contain high anti oxidant combinations this combinations pain properties and are useful in curing have anti cancer and anti inflammatory and antiepilepsy, diarrhea, burn, More

Passiflora caerulea is one of medicinal plants and use in medicinal industry. Passiflora caerulea contain high anti oxidant combinations this combinations pain properties and are useful in curing have anti cancer and anti inflammatory and antiepilepsy, diarrhea, burn, hemorrhoid and in regulating liver enzymes. In this experiential study, 40 wistar male rats, use weighting about 195-200 g each were used in five groups eight including :control without received nothing, sham group received distilled water and 3 experimental groups receiving 150,300,600, mg/kg leaves of passiflora caerulea Hydro-alcohol extract respectively. According to obtained results, ALT, AST and Albumin in experimental group receiving the highest dose of the extract 600 mg/kg, pation in control group, meaningful in level. The Level of ALP, Total Protein, Creatinin and total body weight to comparison by control group not show significant changes and hydro alcoholic extract Passiflora cearulea Author decrease level BUN to experimental groups extraction of receiving. Hydro-alcohol extract of Passiflora caerulea leaves probably has a significant effect on hepatic activity. This effect by anti oxidant property active, mechanisms via like free radical control and peroxides neutralization and prevention of revive glutathione, evacuate and cell membrane stabilization and by stimulating DNA polymerase and increasing rRNA synthesis and finally relief liver cell. Manuscript profile

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93 - The Effect of Shirazi Thyme (Zataria multiflora) Consumption During Pregnancy on Neonatal Physical Growth in Wistar Rats
Khatereh Safavi Naeine Zahra Shojaei Ardekani

Zataria multiflora (Shirazi Thyme) is one of the plants which has become popular due to its suitable compounds. Pregnancy is a high-risk period in which the consumption of substances which affect the physical growth of neonate can cause the disorders. This study was per More

Zataria multiflora (Shirazi Thyme) is one of the plants which has become popular due to its suitable compounds. Pregnancy is a high-risk period in which the consumption of substances which affect the physical growth of neonate can cause the disorders. This study was performed on 32 female Wister rats weighing 210 ± 10 g who were randomly divided into 4 equal groups. Zataria multiflora extract was prepared by the distillation, and different concentrations (400, 800, 1000 mg/kg/day) which were administered by gavage during the pregnancy. The control group only received normal food and water. After the birth, the weight, height, and head circumference of neonate’s rat was measured on the first, third, and fifth days of birth. Findings were analyzed by SPSS software using one-way analysis of variance. The results showed a significant decrease in the circumferential changes in the neonates of study groups. No significant difference was observed in the weight changes. The consumption of Shirazi thyme during pregnancy reduces the height and head circumference in neonate’s rats; hence, it should be cautiously used. Manuscript profile

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94 - Comparative Effect of Timolol and Methanolic Extract of Zataria multiflora with Vitamin E on APO E Gene Expression and Behavioral and Biochemical Changes in Alzheimer's Rats
Samira Homayoun Pour Maryam Bananej Maryam Khosravi Hengameh Alibeik

10.22034/ascij.2023.1917661.1221

Alzheimer's Disease is the most common form of dementia, characterized by memory and cognitive deficits. Vitamin E, as an antioxidant, plays an important role in reviving free radicals and converting them into safe substances by giving hydrogen. Shirazi thyme (Zataria m More

Alzheimer's Disease is the most common form of dementia, characterized by memory and cognitive deficits. Vitamin E, as an antioxidant, plays an important role in reviving free radicals and converting them into safe substances by giving hydrogen. Shirazi thyme (Zataria multiflora) has antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study is the comparative effect of timolol with methanol extract of Zataria multiflora with vitamin E on Alzheimer's disease in male Wistar rats. 40 male Wistar rats weighing approximately 200 grams were randomly divided into 5 groups of eight. Beta-amyloid 42 was used to induce Alzheimer's disease. Then, methanolic and timolol extracts were extracted from Zataria multiflora. The level of Apo E gene expression was evaluated by Real Time PCR and TC, LDL and HD biochemical factors. The expression of Apo E gene in the experimental groups increased significantly compared to the Alzheimer's group. The expression of this gene was decreased in the sham group compared to the control group. The group of Alzheimer's mice had a significant increase in total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) serum levels, and the level of HDL showed a significant decrease compared to the control group. Timolol, m ethanolic extract of Zataria multiflora and vitamin E have positive effects on the expression of APOA E gene in leukocytes. On the other hand, with a significant effect on HDL, the methanolic extract of Zataria multiflora can be used as an effective product to prevent and reduce the complications of Alzheimer's disease.   Manuscript profile

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95 - Effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss. Extract against Carbon Tetrachloride – induced Liver Damage in Adult Male Wistar rats
Zahra Taherkhani Akram Eidi Pejman Mortazavi

Thyme (Zataria Multiflora Boiss), belonging to the family Labiatae, is native to Iran and is used traditionally in food, especially in yogurt flavoring, as a stimulant, seasoning, and carminative. Very high medicinal properties of this plant were reported, such as antio More

Thyme (Zataria Multiflora Boiss), belonging to the family Labiatae, is native to Iran and is used traditionally in food, especially in yogurt flavoring, as a stimulant, seasoning, and carminative. Very high medicinal properties of this plant were reported, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activity. This research aimed to evaluate the protective effects of ethanolic extract of thyme against hepatic damage induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in adult male Wistar rats. 40 rats were randomly divided into 8 groups: group 1 as normal control, groups 2-4 only thyme extract (50, 100, 200 mg/kg, gavage), group 5 (liver damage) receiving CCl4 (5/ 0 ml/kg, intraperitoneally, twice a week) for 8 weeks and groups of 6 to 8 thyme extracts (50, 100, 200 mg/kg, gavage) together with CCl4 (0.5 ml/kg, intraperitoneally, twice a week). At the end of the experiment (28 days), serum sample were prepared and the liver was removed for enzyme tests. CCl4 alone increased the serum levels of ALT, AST and ALP. Also, CCl4 treatment significantly decreased the levels of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the liver. Thyme extract treatment significantly improved the above parameters. Therefore, the results showed that thyme extract is a potent antioxidant agent against CCl4-induced liver damage in rats. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

96 - The Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Passiflora caerulea Leaf on Some Biochemical Factors in Adult Male Rat
T. Sadeghi M. Shariati M. Mokhtari

Passiflora caerulea is one of medicinal plants that has contained high anti-oxidant combinations and are useful in curing epilepsy, diarrhea, burn, Hemorrhoid and in regulating liver enzymes. The objective of this study was evaluation of effect of passiflora caerulea le More

Passiflora caerulea is one of medicinal plants that has contained high anti-oxidant combinations and are useful in curing epilepsy, diarrhea, burn, Hemorrhoid and in regulating liver enzymes. The objective of this study was evaluation of effect of passiflora caerulea leaf hydroalcoholic extract on some biochemical factors in adult male rat. 40 male rats, about 195-200 g each were used in five groups. The control group did not receive any drug treatment, sham group found only distilled water, and experimental groups receiving 150,300,600, mg/kg leaves of passiflora caerulea Hydro-alcohol extract respectively during 21 days. After the end of this period, blood samples were taken from the heart to measure the biochemical factors (urea, creatinine, albumin, total protein). The results were analyzed using SPSS software and comparison of meanings was done using T. test. The results showed that the amount of albumin in the experimental group receiving 600 mg / kg of the extract decreased significantly compared to the control group. Total protein, cratinin and total body weight had no significant changes with control group. Hydro-alcoholic extracts of Passionate flower leaf caused reduction of blood urea nitrogen levels in all experimental groups receiving the extracts as compared to the control. According to the results of this study, it can be argued that the Passiflora caerulea plays a supporting role for the liver, and the lack of liver damage in the rats indicated this issue. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

97 - Fungal profile of the normal ocular microflora in Kurd horse
Abdullah Araghi-Sooreh saber mameghani

Knowledge of resident fungal species on the normal ocular surface may influence selection of antifungal agents for the treatment of keratomycosis. In this study conjunctival fungal flora of 40 Kurd horses with normal eyes (n = 80) from Tabriz was identified using horses More

Knowledge of resident fungal species on the normal ocular surface may influence selection of antifungal agents for the treatment of keratomycosis. In this study conjunctival fungal flora of 40 Kurd horses with normal eyes (n = 80) from Tabriz was identified using horses of both genders and aged 2-30 years old. Samples were taken from the lower conjunctival sac of both eyes with a dry cotton swab, seeded in Sabouraud's dextrose agar with chloramphenicol, and incubated at 25 °C for 21 days. Thirty-one (77.5%) horses and 49 (61.25%) eyes were culture positive. The most commonly isolated fungi were Aspergillus species (38.82 %). Other isolates in order of frequency were Candida spp, Penicillium spp, Fusarium spp, Cladosporium spp, Mucor spp, Scopulariopsis spp, Pseudallescheria sp, Rhodotorula sp, and Trichoderma sp. Yeast genera represented 18.82% of the total isolates. Sex of horse had significant effect on the frequency of certain fungi. Fungal contamination of eyes decreased with increase of horse age but correlation between them was not significant (r = -0.255; P = 0.064). The fungal species isolated are comparable with those reported for horses in other areas. Manuscript profile

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98 - Comparative investigation of bacterial and fungal infections causes of otitis in dogs and cats of a certain breed
majid sadeghpour Ehsan stabraghi Farzaneh Tajdini tayeb Seyyed Hosseini Purizdi Narges Pashmi

External otitis means swelling and inflammation of the outer ear canal. Following swelling and inflammation of the outer ear, the natural area of the duct changes. Clinical signs are more indicative of an infection in the middle ear. These symptoms in the middle area of More

External otitis means swelling and inflammation of the outer ear canal. Following swelling and inflammation of the outer ear, the natural area of the duct changes. Clinical signs are more indicative of an infection in the middle ear. These symptoms in the middle area of the ear, especially in cats, are often clinical or mild, but in dogs, they are more likely to indicate simultaneous external otitis. Bacteria and fungi can grow too much in the ear and cause infections. Many fungal pathogens cause opportunistic ear infections and cause severe fungal infections of the ear in animals and cause numerous disorders. The study was conducted on 30 dog collars and 30 cat collars of different ages, genders and breeds. Samples isolated from dog and cat ear discharges were sent to the lab to identify pathogens. The samples were randomly collected from Tehran's Avina Veterinary Hospital. how to collect the sample; After attenuation, the sampling was done with a sterile swab of ear secretions of dogs and cats, then put the swab into a sterile tube، Samples were immediately sent to the laboratory. Bacterial study of animal-derived swabs was cultivated in the base environment of blood agar and agar neutrinos. In order to identify and isolate mushrooms, a surface culture method was used in the sabro dextrose environment of agar. According to this study, among different breeds in dogs, the highest abundance of bacteria and fungi was observed in the native and Malinois breed and in cats with short street hair breed (DSH). The results of this study include bacteria isolated from dog ear discharge: Bacillus cereus 6 cases (20%), Staphylococcus aureus 4 cases (33/13%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus 3 cases (10%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus3 (10%), Staphylococcus epidermidis 2 (66/6%), Pseudomonas 2 (66/6%) and Bacillus 2 (66/6%), isolated bacteria cat ear secretions include: Staphylococcus aureus 3 (10%), Staphylococcus epidermidis 9 (30%), Entrobacter aerogenes 4 (33/13%) and E. coli 4 (33/13%), Fungal isolated from dogs include penicillium 2 (33/13%), Rodoterola 4 (33/13%), Geotericum 3 (10%), Alternators 2 (66/6%), Alocladium 2 (66/6%), Penicillium (6.66%), Aspergillus (66/6%)، Cladosporium 2 (66/6%) and in cat ear discharge Aspergillus fungus 8 (66/26%), Penicillium 3 (10%), Rhodotrola 2 (66/6%), Geotericum 1 (33/3%). According to past studies and current research, external otitis is an acute or chronic inflammation of the outer ear that occurs more frequently in dogs than cats, and especially dogs with longer hanging ears They are more influenced by external otitis. Manuscript profile

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99 -
عبداله Narighi soreh وحید Hasanpour

  The objective of this study was to identify the fungal flora of conjunctival sac in clinically normal Ghezel sheep and determine the effect of host eye,age and sex on this flora.the animals(n=50) were selected from both sexes and divided into three age groups ac More

  The objective of this study was to identify the fungal flora of conjunctival sac in clinically normal Ghezel sheep and determine the effect of host eye,age and sex on this flora.the animals(n=50) were selected from both sexes and divided into three age groups according to age.swabs were taken from the inferior conjunctival sac of both eyes(n=100) and cultured onto saboroud dextrose agar and malt extract agar,incubated at 25C and examined for 21 days.thirteen sheep out of 50 (26%) were positive for fungi:5/50(10%) had positive cultures from both eyes.the isolated fungal genera were cladosporium spp.-7 eyes (38.88%) , Aspergillus spp.-3 eyes(16.66%) penicillium spp. -3 eyes (16.66%) rhodoteurella spp. -3 eyes(16.66%) and curvularia spp. -2 eyes(11.11%). the isolation of cladosporium spp. was significantly frequent among the left eyes,females and sheep above three years of age (p<0.05).this study is first report of funhal flora of normal ovine conjunctiva.   Manuscript profile

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100 - Effect of different levels of dicalcium phosphate in the diet on growth performance, bone characteristics and microbial ﬂora in broiler chickens
S, M Motamedi جواد Vahed Khoshchehreh ملیحه Rahati

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of dicalsium phosphate on growthperformance, bony characteristics and intestinal microbial ﬂora in broiler chickens. Dicalsium phosphate wasadded in 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 % to basal diet. A total of 20 More

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of dicalsium phosphate on growthperformance, bony characteristics and intestinal microbial ﬂora in broiler chickens. Dicalsium phosphate wasadded in 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 % to basal diet. A total of 200 Ross- 308 broiler chicks in 4 treatments and 5 replicates(with 10 birds in each replicate) in completely randomized design, reared for 42 days. The results showed thatall levels of dicalsium phosphate in diet of broiler chickens had a signifcant difference on daily weight gain andfnal weight compared to control group signifcantly (P>0.05). There was no signifcant difference between testand control groups as feed intake, but FCR was lower in test group signifcantly (P<0.05). In characteristics ofbone, the weight of the bones in test groups was signifcantly increased compared with the control group (P<0.05).But the other characteristics (bone length, width bone, bone strength, bone ash) were not signifcant. Also, the testgroup had lower intestinal microbial ﬂora signifcantly compared to controls group (P<0.05). Rate of intestinalmicrobial ﬂora in treatments with 0.5 % dicalsium phosphate was less than the others. It can be concluded that thesupplementation of diet with dicalsium phosphate has positive effects on broilers performance Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

101 - Effect of dietary inclusion of Zataria multiﬂora on histological parameters of small intestine in broiler chickens
Somayeh Hamedi

The composition of diet can inﬂuence morphological features of intestines which may lead to changes in digestion and absorption of nutrients.The present study evaluates the histomorphometric changes of small intestine due to Zataria Multiﬂora in broiler chickens. To t More

The composition of diet can inﬂuence morphological features of intestines which may lead to changes in digestion and absorption of nutrients.The present study evaluates the histomorphometric changes of small intestine due to Zataria Multiﬂora in broiler chickens. To this end, Fifty, one-day old chickens were randomly divided into fve equal groups and fed with diets contained 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2% of Z. multiﬂora (experimental groups) or basal diet (Control Group) for 40 days. At the end of the treated period, all animals were weighted and sacrifced. Small intestine was removed from the bodies immediately after death; transverse sections were successively cut with 2cm intervals and fxed in 10% buffered formalin. The sections were stained with H&E, and then studied under light microscope. Height and width of villi, depth of crypts, and width of sub-mucosal and muscular layer were measured by linear Graticule, then data were analyzed by using the ANOVA statistical test. The result showed that, villus height, crypt dept, and villus height/crypt dept ratio as well as submucosal and muscular layer width did not signifcantly changed in the experimental groups as compared to control; this indicated either the lack of any change in intestinal absorption or the weights of the experimental chickens as compared to the control. In conclution, the consumed ration of Z. Multiﬂora that used, could not effect on absorption ability via intestinal histological changes.   Manuscript profile

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