Chromosome number of Hypericum perforatum L. populations from two selected sites in Jordan
Subject Areas : Journal of Medicinal Herbs, "J. Med Herb" (Formerly known as Journal of Herbal Drugs or J. Herb Drug)
Ahmad Khalil
1
(Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan;)
Amneh Alrabie
2
(Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan;)
Hasan Abo Siam
3
(Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan; )
Tareq Alomari
4
(Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan;)
Mohammed Al-Rifaee
5
(National Center for Agricultural Research and Extension (NCARE), Fields Crops Directorate, P. O. B. 639, Baq’a 19381, Jordan;)
Keywords: Hypericum perforatum, Jordan flora, Medicinal herbs, Plant cytogenetics, St. John's Wort,
Abstract :
Background & Aim: Hypericum species are of pronounced ecologic and medicinal importance because it is an essential model system in plant-based medications and, therefore, stimulated the scientific community. The taxonomy of Hypericum is mainly based on morphology and chemical markers. No records have been reported for the Jordanian Hypericum species concerning the chromosome numbers. The present investigation was conducted to assess the cytogenetics of two populations of H. perforatum gathered from different locations in Jordan. Experimental: Seeds of H. perforatum from the National Center for Agricultural Research and Extension seed gene bank were germinated under greenhouse conditions. Root tips of plantlets were squashed, aceto-orcein-stained, and direct microscopic counts of chromosome numbers in meristematic cells were performed. Results: H. perforatum requires specific conditions for germination and survival. Chromosomes are small and tend to clump making accurate counts difficult. No differences were observed between the geographical sites. The individuals from the two investigated populations were predominantly tetraploids (2n=4x=32), some were diploids (2n=2x=16), and a few hexaploids (2n=6x=48). This is the first research on the chromosomes of the Jordanian H. perforatum. Recommended applications/industries: The present finding can be extended and supported by two types of experiments to verify the existence of triploidy in H. perforatum accessions with the number of their mitotic chromosomes. Since the diploid herbs of this species supersede their polyploid counterparts in phytochemical contents, it is important to preserve them with different technologies for industrial purposes.
Al-Eisawi, D.M. 1998. Checklist of the Plants of Jordan. In: General Corporation for Environmental Protection, Jordan Country. Study on Biological Diversity. Al-Eisawi, D.M. (Ed). Amman, Jordan, pp. 341-362.
Al-Rifaee, M.K., Haddad, N.I. and Aburjai, T. 2009. Status of diversity and conservation of Hypericum triquetrifolium (Guttiferae) in Jordan. Crops Research, 379 (1, 2, 3): 255-265.
Bacchetta, G., Brullo, S. and Salmeri C. 2010. Hypericum scruglii sp. nov. (Guttiferae) from Sardinia. Nordic Journal of Botany, 28: 469-474.
Barcaccia, G., Baumlein, H. and Sharbel, T.F. 2007. Apomixis in St. John’s wort: An overview and glimpse towards the future. In: Apomixis: Evolution, mechanisms and perspectives, Hörandle, E., Grossniklaus, U., Van Dijk, P. and Sharbel, T.F. (Eds), vol. 147. Vienna, Austria, pp. 259–280.
Brunáková, K. and Cellárová, E. 2016. Conservation strategies in the genus Hypericum via cryogenic treatment. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7: 558.
Brutovská, R., Cellárová, E. and Schubert, I. 2000a. Cytogenetically analyzed H. perforatum and its putative diploid ancestor parents, H. maculatum and H. atenuatum, by means of fluorescent in situ hybridization. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 101: 46–50.
Brutovská, R., Kušniriková, P., Bogyiová, E., and Čellárová, E. 2000b. Karyotype analysis of Hypericum perforatum L. Biologia Plantarum, 43: 133–136.
Chen, S.L. and Gilbert, M.G. 2007. Hypericum Linnaeus. Flora of China, 13: 2–35.
Ciccarelli, D., Garbari, F. and Mártonfi, P. 2001. Mediterranean chromosome number reports 11 (1232). Flora Mediterranea, 11: 440–443.
European Union herbal monograph on Hypericum perforatum L., herbal (well-established and traditional use), 2021. EMA/HMPC/7695/2021. Available on Internet at: http://www.ema.europa.eu/contact.
Franklin, G., Beerhues, L. and Čellárová, E. 2017. Molecular and biotechnological advancements in Hypericum species. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7: 1678.
Frese, L., Akbaro, Z., Burenin, V.I., Arjmand, M.N. and Hajiyev, V. 2004. Plant exploration in the Talysch Mountains of Azerbaijan and Iran. Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter, 126: 21-26.
Galla, G., Vogel, H., Sharbel, T.F. and Barcaccia, G. 2015. De novo sequencing of the Hypericum perforatum L. flower transcriptome to identify potential genes that are related to plant reproduction sensu lato. BMC Genomics, 16: 254.
Hazler Pilepić, K., Morović, M., Orač, F., Šantor, M. and Vejnović, V. 2010. RFLP analysis of cpDNA in the genus Hypericum. Biologia, 65: 805–812.
Hoar, C.S. and Haertl, E.J. 1932. Meiosis in the genus Hypericum. Botanical Gazette, 93: 197-204.
Hofrichter, J., Krohn, M., Schumacher, T., Lange, C., Feistel, B., Walbroel, B., Heinze, H-J., Crockett, S., Sharbel, T.F. and Pahnke J. 2013. Reduced Alzheimer's disease pathology by St. John's Wort treatment is independent of hyperforin and facilitated by ABCC1 and microglia activation in mice. Current Alzheimer Research, 10(10): 1057-1069.
Hou, W., Shakya, P. and Franklin, G. 2016. A Perspective on Hypericum perforatum genetic transformation. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7: 879.
Koch, M.A., Scheriau, C., Betzin, A., Hohmann, N. and Sharbel, T.F. 2013. Evolution of cryptic gene pools in Hypericum perforatum: the influence of reproductive system and gene flow. Annals of Botany, 111(6): 1083–1094.
Lazzara, S., Carrubba, A. and Napoli, E. 2021. Cultivating for the industry: Cropping experiences with Hypericum perforatum L. in a Mediterranean environment. Agriculture. 11 (5): 446.
Maletskii, S.I. 2005. Hierarchy of Units of Hereditary, Variability and Inheritance of Traits in Species Formation in Plants. In: Epigenetics of plants. Studies from the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy, Epigenetika rasteniy: Sb. nauch. tr. In-ta tsitologii i genetiki SO RAN (of Sciences), Novosibirsk, pp. 7–53.
Mártonfiová, L., Danova, K., Toteva, V.K. and Čellárová, E. 2014. Karyotype analysis of Hypericum rumeliacum BOISS. Thaiszia – Journal of Botany, 24 (2): 143-150.
Matić, I.Z., Ergün, S., Đorđić Crnogorac, M., Misir, S., Aliyazicioğlu, Y., Damjanović, A., Džudžević-Čančar, H., Stanojković, T., Konanç, K. and Petrović, N. 2021. Cytotoxic activities of Hypericum perforatum L. extracts against 2D and 3D cancer cell models. Cytotechnology, 73(3): 373-389.
Mehravi, S., Karimzadeh, G., Kordenaeej, A. and Hanifei, M. 2022. Mixed-ploidy and dysploidy in Hypericum perforatum: A Karyomorphological and genome size study. Plants, 11: 3068.
Molins, M.P., Corral, J.M., Aliyu, O.M. Koch, M.A., Betzin, A., Maron, J.L. and Sharbel, T.F. 2014. Biogeographic variation in genetic variability, apomixis expression and ploidy of St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) across its native and introduced range. Annals of Botany, 113: 417–427.
Moraes, J.C.R., Pinto-Maglio, C.A.F. and Lombello R.A. 2009. Reproductive biology and cytology of Hypericum brasiliense Choisy (Hypericaceae). Brazilian Journal of Botany, 32 (3): 539-544.
Navarini, A.P.G., Schifino-Wittmann, M.T., de Barros, I.B.I. and Almeida D. 2008. Cytogenetics of Hypericum caprifoliatum Cham. and Schltdl. (Clusiaceae) populations and other species of the genus. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 8: 330-338.
Nowicka, A., Sliwinska, E., Grzebelus, D., Baranski, R., Simon, P.W., Nothnagel, T. and Grzebelus, E. 2016. Nuclear DNA content variation within the genus Daucus (Apiaceae) determined by flow cytometry. Scientia Horticulturae, 209: 132–138.
Nürk, N M. and Blattner, F.R. 2010. Cladistic analysis of morphological characters in Hypericum (Hypericaceae). Taxon, 59: 1495–1507.
Pradeep, M., Kachlicki, P. and Franklin, G. 2020. Simultaneous determination of naphtodianthrones, emodin, skyrin and new bisanthrones in Hypericum perforatum L. in vitro shoot cultures. Industrial Crops and Products, 144: 112003.
Robson, N.K.B. 2006. Studies in the genus Hypericum L. (Clusiaceae). 1. Section 9. Hypericum sensu lato (part 3): subsection 1. Hypericum series 2. Senanensia, subsection 2. Erecta and section 9b. Graveolentia. Systematics and Biodiversity, 4: 19–98.
Saçıc, E. and Yesilada, E. 2022. Development of new and validated HPTLC methods for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of hyperforin, hypericin and hyperoside contents in Hypericum species. Phytochemical Analysis, 33(3): 355-364.
Seyhan, N. 2020. Evaluation of the healing effects of Hypericum perforatum and curcumin on burn wounds in rats. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2020: 6462956.
Sharma, V., Gupta, R.C., Bala S. and Singh, B. 2013. New chromosome number reports in some medicinally important angiosperms of North India. Cytologia, 78: 285–296.
Theodossiou, T.A., Hothersall, J.S., De Witte, PA., Pantos, A. and Agostinis, P. 2009. The multifaceted photocytotoxic profile of hypericin. Molecular Pharmacology, 6(6): 1775–1789.
Timoçin, S. and İla, H.B. 2020. In vivo investigation of genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of Hypericum perforatum extract in rats. Experimental and Applied Medical Science, 1: 36–44.
Tuna, G.S., Duyu, G. and Uzun, K. 2021. Investigation of the relationship between the ploidy level and the amount of the produced hypericin in Hypericum perforatum L. In: FEN VE MATEMATİK BİLİMLERİ. Teori, Güncel Araştırmalar ve Yeni Eğilimler, pp. 26-43.
Yalçın, S., Yalçınkaya, S. and Ercan, F. 2021. Determination of potential drug candidate molecules of the Hypericum perforatum for COVID-19 treatment. Current Pharmacology Reports, 7: 42-48.
Young, A., Boyle, T. and Brown, T. 1996. The population genetic consequences of habitat fragmentation for plants. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 11(10): 413–418.
