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Open Access Article
1 - Conspicuous Consumption among Young Consumers: The Future of Consumerism
Seyed Navid Noorbakhsh Pejman Jafari Farhad Ghaffari Yazdan MansourianThe relationship between youth and each of the major areas of life, including value priorities and its behavioral implications, can be studied as a subject of future studies. Setting Iran at the young age in terms of age trend population, the increase in urban populatio MoreThe relationship between youth and each of the major areas of life, including value priorities and its behavioral implications, can be studied as a subject of future studies. Setting Iran at the young age in terms of age trend population, the increase in urban populations, the existence of class divisions and the importance of materialistic values in today's city life, has led to creating a scene in the city to showcase the consumption of luxury goods. The present research seeks to investigate the relationship between individual self (versus relational self and collective self) with the materialism and conspicuous consumption, as well as, the impact of materialism on conspicuous consumption. Furthermore, researchers have studied the difference between young boys and girls from the aspect of materialism and conspicuous consumption in fashion and clothing. The research method was a survey and data collection was done through a questionnaire. The statistical population of the present study was all young consumers living in north of Tehran. The required data is collected from a sample of 395 subjects and finally, for data analysis simple linear regression and multivariate analysis of variance have been used. According to the results, materialism has had a positive impact on conspicuous consumption of fashion goods and apparel, and the materialism and conspicuous consumption of this category of products in young girls were more than young boys. There was also no relationship between the individual self with materialism and conspicuous consumption. Of course, the results show a high level of individualism in the statistical society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - A Critique of neo- Classical Community Indifference Curve
اکبر NafariNeo- classical economists think there exists a social consensus among Individuals of society about what to be produced. Moreover, in order to draw community indifference curves, neo-classical economists assume that aggregate demand is independent of income distribution MoreNeo- classical economists think there exists a social consensus among Individuals of society about what to be produced. Moreover, in order to draw community indifference curves, neo-classical economists assume that aggregate demand is independent of income distribution and individuals have identical tastes. In this paper we discuss that aggregate demand is not Independent of income distribution and individuals have different tastes. In other words, individuals have non- homothetic and non- identical preferences. In this situation, indifference curves do not exist. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - An Evaluation of Regional Differences In Iran: Demand-Side Tests
M. Motevasseli B. WahhabiOne of the most important features in regional development is the concept of “regional differences” which constitutes economic efficiency in planning process. The comprehensive viewpoint of regional development needs general equilibrium approach including su MoreOne of the most important features in regional development is the concept of “regional differences” which constitutes economic efficiency in planning process. The comprehensive viewpoint of regional development needs general equilibrium approach including supply-side and demand- side differences which in this article, demand- side differences are considered as an important element of GE approach Two main features of this concept are urban- rural disequilibrium (or classical duality) and Spearman’s rank correlation correlation coefficients (SRCC) for consumption and income in period 1976-99. Our findings suggest that the urban- rural gap is declined while the behavior of this index is different in national and regional level. Besides, the crucial oscillations in SRCC fails the convergency or divergency analysis of regional differences. Finally, estimated dynamic consumption function in national and regional levels imply inconsistency of these two levels and the divergency behavior for some regions. It can be argued that these findings stem from the instability of regional development policies in Iran which must emphasis on the role of taking distinguished regional policies and theoretical framework for optimal regional development lies in the heart of it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Factors Affecting Organizational Indifference (Case study: Khorasan Regional Electricity Company)
Qolam abbas Shekary Leila Oliaee Malihe kheirkhah Reihaneh hashemzehiBackground – organizational Indifference is one of the problems that currently most governmental and non-governmental organizations deal with that its spread preventing among employees is a major matter for organizations' MoreBackground – organizational Indifference is one of the problems that currently most governmental and non-governmental organizations deal with that its spread preventing among employees is a major matter for organizations' managers. Purpose – This paper aims to identify and rank the factors affecting organizational Indifference among employees of Khorasan Regional Electricity Company (KREC). Methodology – The research method is exploratory mixed. The main instrument of the research s is a research-made questionnaire that its validity was achieved through Content. Also, according to the Cronbach's alpha obtained at 0.92, it could be concluded that the questionnaire's reliability is acceptable. Findings – Based on the findings, the factors effecting organizational Indifference were identified in 2 dimensions and 12 factors from the experts’ point of view. Also, the results showed that the lack of meritocracy, ambiguous goals, and indifference transfer to the workplace are the most important factors respectively from the managers ' point of view. Conclusion – The study will contribute to improve understanding on the key factors influencing organizational indifference, providing for a conceptual model useful for future investigations. Keywords_ Organizational Indifference, Khorasan Regional Electricity Company, Lack of Meritocracy Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - بررسی نقش تفاوت مهارتهای ارتباطی زنان و مردان و تاثیر آن بر رضایت شغلی کارکنان
نسیم مجیدی قهرودی علی گرانمایه پور سمیرا بخشنده -
Open Access Article
6 - Explaining pattern of individual-centered design process and Architectural design training model based on learners’ cognitive differences
Elaheh sadat Hosseini Mohammad Mansour Falamaki Isa HojatTraining in architecture is one of the most controversial issues in educational and artistic centers around the world, as well as training in other fields of art. The structure of architectural education is formed around a nucleus called design. The most important missi MoreTraining in architecture is one of the most controversial issues in educational and artistic centers around the world, as well as training in other fields of art. The structure of architectural education is formed around a nucleus called design. The most important mission of architectural education is to create comprehensive thinking that provides students with the ability to step into the process of architectural design. Ignoring student’s capabilities, tendencies, and conducting similar educational programs are Part of mistakes in teaching architectural design. The characteristics of design learners are the same as the characteristics of all human beings, which are classified as individual differences. It means that design learners differ in their ability, knowledge, insight, and transfer in design activities. It is not possible to provide a specific program for teaching the design process without gaining knowledge of the student’s differences in each educational group and without the required knowledge to guide the capabilities and improve the shortcomings. Thus, individual education seems necessary. This research seeks to provide a design process model based on learners’ differences and their corresponding educational model. The research method is Grounded Theory that seeks to construct a theory through exploration among architectural design instructor. Therefore, 100 questionnaires were distributed among the young teachers of the Islamic Azad University, and Theoretical saturation was obtained with 47 questionnaires fully answered, which is followed by the analyzed results. Through open coding, 83 pivotal followings of 9 major categories were produced, out of 472 Primary components, extracted from theoretical foundations and field studies which are: cognitive differences of the learner, objective mental processes, purposeful educational steps, learner-learner interaction, the formation of design personality, learner personality, adaptive structure of education, design system of thought and specialized empowerment. The core category was designated as a person-centered process after segregating in condition, interaction, and consequence field. The Person-centered design model was developed, using the constructive concepts of grounded theory and spiral paradigm of the design process, which is an action between Individual characteristics in terms of thought, creativity, knowledge, educational goals and experiential learning cycle, can be entered with any level of ability and any style of thinking and learning, but successful getting out of this spiral which has moved forward in time depends on individual abilities of designers. Actions between these components will form the main cycle of the design process, which are: thought, creation, and testing. The mentors’ mission is to recognize these characteristics, their growth, and developing them in line with the design goals. In the end, the educational strategies corresponding to the mentioned concepts were presented in the form of architectural design training models based on the cognitive differences of the designers. In the construction of this model, among the major categories obtained in the construction of contextual theory, 5 categories were used that are operational and can be planned and implemented by the learner. The other four categorizations are conditions, interactions, or hidden consequences in the model, which are inherent in the learner's nature or are acquired through teaching methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Estimation of cost efficiency for firms in different technologies using data envelopment analysis
Mohsen Hekmatnia Alireza Amirteimoori Sohrab Kordrostami Mohsen Vaez-GhasemiData envelopment analysis (DEA) is a method for evaluating the relative efficiency of a set of firms in a production process. Estimation of cost efficiency is one of the branches of performance evaluation. Cost efficiency evaluates the ability of producing current outpu MoreData envelopment analysis (DEA) is a method for evaluating the relative efficiency of a set of firms in a production process. Estimation of cost efficiency is one of the branches of performance evaluation. Cost efficiency evaluates the ability of producing current output with minimum available cost. Now let's assume that there are several groups of firms that operate separately and have different technologies, but are centrally managed, or in other words, their source of raw materials is shared, but each of these groups has different costs for these resources. Traditional DEA models do not offer any suggestions for calculating the cost efficiency in such situations where firms are grouped into different technological groups and the input's costs are different. In this paper, using the concepts of cost efficiency and meta-frontier and using the rational relation between cost efficiency and technical efficiency, a method is proposed to calculate the cost efficiency of firms in different technological conditions. There is also a way to use the transfer of units to improve their performance. The method presented in this study is used in a numerical example and a real case application and their results are explained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Reduction Difference Between the Profile weights in Stochastic cross-efficiency
Somayeh Rahmani Mohsen Khounsiavash Reza Kazemi Matin Zohreh MOGHADASCross-efficiency method is a useful tool for efficiency evaluation of decision-making units in data envelopment analysis. The issue of non-uniqueness of optimal weights in the cross-efficiency evaluation has reduced the usefulness of this powerful method. This paper int MoreCross-efficiency method is a useful tool for efficiency evaluation of decision-making units in data envelopment analysis. The issue of non-uniqueness of optimal weights in the cross-efficiency evaluation has reduced the usefulness of this powerful method. This paper introduces a new method for selection of weights profiles as the secondary goal in cross-efficiency with stochastic data. The issue of zero-weight which implies the exclusion of some variables from the assessments, is also addressed in the new proposed method. The provided weights selection method also reduces the weight disparity in the achieved weights profile. In the peer-restricted stochastic cross-efficiency evaluation, the new approach guarantees that different DMUs should not attach very different weights to the same variables. As the result, a common set of weights using the idea of similarity between sets of weights is achieved in the proposed computation method. Some numerical examples are also used for illustration and comparison purposes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - نقد و بررسی بیتفاوتی اجتماعی نسبت به جرم کودکآزاری (مطالعه تطبیقی حقوق کیفری ایران با ایالت تگزاس آمریکا)
ناصر رضوانی جویباری مسعود حیدری -
Open Access Article
10 - To Survey the Relation between Financial Restatement and Information Asymmetry (Evidences from companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange)
Azam Vakili Ali SaeidiThe aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the restatement of information and information asymmetry amongst the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. In this paper, the extent of the relation between leverage, return on the assets, size of the MoreThe aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the restatement of information and information asymmetry amongst the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. In this paper, the extent of the relation between leverage, return on the assets, size of the company, operating cash flow as control variables with information asymmetry before and after annual general meetings has been tested.To test the hypothesis, totally 76 listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange in the time period of 5years (from 2009 to 2013) have been selected randomly in panel structure.The results show a significant and positive relationship between information asymmetry before general annual meeting and prior period adjustment as well as negative significant relationship with size of the companies.While, the significant relationship between information asymmetry before the meeting and the other variables including return on the assets, leverage and operating cash flow is not approved.Furthermore, no significant relationship between information asymmetry after general annual meeting and prior period adjustment and the other variables such as size of the companies, leverage status, return on the assets and operation cash flow has been approved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - رابطه استفاده از شبکه های اجتماعی مجازی و بی تفاوتی اجتماعی شهروندان تهرانی
Ehsan Jamshidzadeh مجید رادفر خلیل میرزاییبیتفاوتی اجتماعی وضعیتی است که طی آن، افراد با بی اعتنایی به واقعیت های پیرامون از انجام مشارکت اجتماعی- سیاسی، مسئولیت های اجتماعی، فعالیت های دگرخواهانه و درگیری فعال و مدنی در مسائل اجتماعی اجتناب میکنند. پژوهش حاضر از لحاظ هدف کاربردی و از روش توصیفی از نوع پیمایش Moreبیتفاوتی اجتماعی وضعیتی است که طی آن، افراد با بی اعتنایی به واقعیت های پیرامون از انجام مشارکت اجتماعی- سیاسی، مسئولیت های اجتماعی، فعالیت های دگرخواهانه و درگیری فعال و مدنی در مسائل اجتماعی اجتناب میکنند. پژوهش حاضر از لحاظ هدف کاربردی و از روش توصیفی از نوع پیمایش است که با هدف بررسی رابطه شبکههای اجتماعی مجازی و بیتفاوتی اجتماعی انجام شده است. جامعه آماری تحقیق، شهروندان مناطق 1و 2 تهرانی بوده که با استفاده از نمونه گیری خوشه ای تعداد 400 نفر انتخاب شدند. نتایج حاصل از پژوهش نشان داد که میزان بیتفاوتی در حد متوسط رو به بالاست و بین میزان و تنوع استفاده از شبکههای اجتماعی مجازی و بیتفاوتی اجتماعی شهروندان رابطه وجود دارد و همچنین بین متغیرهای سن، جنس، پایگاه اجتماعی- اقتصادی شهروندان با بیتفاوتی اجتماعی رابطه وجود دارد .بنا بر نتایج پژوهش،بررسی پیشینه، و نظریات مطرح شده ، شهروندانی که میزان و تنوع بالایی در استفاده از شبکه های اجتماعی دارند، بر رفتارهای آنها تاثیر گذاشته است و این تاثیر دارای رابطه دو طرفه است که در برخی از موارد باعث بی تفاوتی اجتماعی در فضای واقعی شده است . اما با توجه به آزادی و ناشناختگی فضای مجازی ،افراد جامعه در فضای مجازی دارای تعهدات بیشتری نسبت به همدیگر هستند. یعنی روابط گرم و صمیمانه از محیط اجتماعی واقعی به محیط سایبری و مجازی منتقل شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Designing a human resource management pattern based on generational differences (Case study: one of the medical universities in IRAN)
maryam moradiyan adel salavati kuomars AhmadiIntroduction: Human resource management has always been influenced by many factors and one of these factors is the ruling generations of the organization that determine the type of management within the organization. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to design a h MoreIntroduction: Human resource management has always been influenced by many factors and one of these factors is the ruling generations of the organization that determine the type of management within the organization. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to design a human resource management model based on generational differences among employees. It was one of the medical universities in IRAN. Methods: The research method was applied in terms of purpose, exploratory in terms of data type, mixed (qualitative-quantitative), and descriptive-correlation in terms of data collection time. The statistical population of the qualitative research section included university experts in the fields of human resource management and educational management, as well as executive experts, including senior and middle managers of the university. Using targeted sampling method and saturation principle, 11 people were selected as sample size. The second group of the statistical population of this study included all employees of the University of Medical Sciences, who were selected as the sample size using the stochastic cluster random sampling method. In this study, in order to collect data, the library method, semi-structured interview and researcher-made questionnaire of human resource management based on the qualitative part (in the quantitative part) were used. In order to investigate the validity of the questionnaire, formal validity, content and structure were used and to calculate its reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and combined (composite) reliability were used. The results showed that the researcher's questionnaire was valid and reliable. Content analysis and content analysis using MAXQDA12 software were used to analyze the qualitative data of the research. In the quantitative section, according to the research questions, descriptive statistics methods (mean, standard deviation, frequency distribution charts and diagrams) and inferential (confirmatory factor analysis) and SPSS and LISREL software were used. Results: Findings from the implementation of the research model showed that idealistic components with a coefficient of 0.82, action components with a coefficient of 0.56, technology component with a coefficient of 0.40 and civil component with a coefficient of 0.31 are effective on human resource management. Conclusion: Analysis of the current situation showed that the most important components of human resource management based on generational differences include the idealistic generation with the first rank and the active generation, technology and civil with the next ranks. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to strengthening the culture of creativity and innovation, diversity, observance of professional ethics, professionalism and meritocracy in universities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Satisfaction and Inertia Influence on Loyalty (Case study: Mobile Phone)
F. Khajouei Sh. NayebzadehThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of five antecedents, satisfaction, inertia, switching barriers, trust and commitment as independent variables on customer loyalty. This research studied on mobile phone industry. The method of this study was applie MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of five antecedents, satisfaction, inertia, switching barriers, trust and commitment as independent variables on customer loyalty. This research studied on mobile phone industry. The method of this study was applied in terms of aim and correlation in terms of method. A total of 379 valid responses were collected out of the 400 distributed between students of Islamic Azad University of science and research in Tehran, A stratified sampling technique was used; and the samples were randomly drawn from each group. This study employed structural equation modeling to test the hypothesized relationships and used LISREL 8.30 software; SPSS 12.0 software was used for the frequency analysis and the reliability test; the results show that satisfaction and inertia have a significant effect on loyalty. While, the effect of switching barriers, trust and commitment were not supported. In line with the results of this study could be due to provide useful information in the field of relationship marketing and services, will be valuable for researchers and marketers; Moreover, The results offered suggestions for more improved and effective in this fields. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Investigation of the Effects of Hedonic Value and Utilitarian Value on General Attitude of Customers Evaluation of Shopping Mall (Case Study: Hyperstar)
H. SoleymaniThis study, based shopper’s in shopping malls, establishes investigation that malls can achieve orientations following the hedonic value and utilitarian value dimensions of shopping. Furthermore, investigation perceived differentiation to positively influenc MoreThis study, based shopper’s in shopping malls, establishes investigation that malls can achieve orientations following the hedonic value and utilitarian value dimensions of shopping. Furthermore, investigation perceived differentiation to positively influence customers’ attachment to the mall, a determining factor in the mall’s evaluation. Interestingly, mall’s orientation related to hedonic elements was found appealing by all subjects. This study investigates how the pursuit of singular orientations (along the hedonic /utilitarian range ) can generate a feeling of attachment to the mall for customers. Generating such special connection with customers is important because it influences their general evaluation of the mall. Those findings open promising avenues for segmentation tool to come . The study was conducted on 203 respondents who wer interviewed in two shopping malls; data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Furthermore conceptual model Investigation of the Hedonic Value , Utilitarian Value, place attachment, perceive differatitian , emotion (negative, positive) and General Attitude of Customers Evaluation of Shopping mall Important managerial implications for malls’ tenants providing clear guidance in developing new strategies are discussed along with limitations and avenues for future research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - The Effect of Accounting Conservatism On Reducing Stock Price Crash Risk
جواد مرادی هاشم ولی پور مرجان قلمیThe purpose of this research is to examine the effect of accounting conservatism onreducing stock price crash risk in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). The time period ofthis research is from 1380 through 1387 and the sample consists of 90 companieswhich listed in TSE over t MoreThe purpose of this research is to examine the effect of accounting conservatism onreducing stock price crash risk in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). The time period ofthis research is from 1380 through 1387 and the sample consists of 90 companieswhich listed in TSE over this time period. The findings show that there is a reserverelation between existence of stock price crash event and accounting conservatismover the research period. In other words, the findings suggest that accountingconservatism has a positive effect on reducing stock price crash. The results suggestthe relation between conservatism and stock price crash event in companies with highinformation asymmetry isn’t significant, too. These empirical evidences show thatinformation asymmetry isn’t able to increase the effect of conservatism in reducingstock price crash. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The Effect of Cultural Differences with Customers on the Service Provider's Adaptability Regarding the Moderating Role of Metacognitive Cultural Intelligence; an Experimental Approach
Kambiz Heidarzadeh HanzaeePurpose: The present research aims to investigate and assess the effect of cultural differences with customers on the service providers’ adaptability. This research also investigates the moderating role of metacognitive cultural intelligence.Method: The research w MorePurpose: The present research aims to investigate and assess the effect of cultural differences with customers on the service providers’ adaptability. This research also investigates the moderating role of metacognitive cultural intelligence.Method: The research was conducted with an experimental method and a 2×2 factorial design, which used a scenario-based questionnaire (N = 160) among Qazvin Islamic Azad University students to test the hypotheses.Findings: The results confirmed all three hypotheses, i.e. based on the findings, cultural differences and metacognitive cultural intelligence positively affects the willingness of service employees to adapt in service interactions, and also the metacognitive cultural intelligence of service employees moderates the relationship between cultural differences and adaptability of service provider.Conclusion: Cultural difference is one of the important dimensions in customer service, which should be considered by service managers in service environments that face customers from different ethnicities and cultural groups because it leads to many obvious misunderstandings among different cultures. When the service provider works with people from unfamiliar cultures, adapting and closing to the customer's culture can lead to positive feelings in the customer. Therefore, in the place of multicultural services, there is a need for employees from different cultures with high metacognitive cultural intelligence, and in-service training can be effective in this field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Social Anomie and its Effective Factors in Rasht City
Majid Hosseini Nesar Mostafa Feyze Sabet Soghra ShabafroozanIntroduction and Aim of Research: This article studies the anomie and its effective Factors in Rasht city. Norm disordering is a main problem of the essay. If it happens, person cannot correct, select and so encounters with amazing in selecting accepted norms and legal MoreIntroduction and Aim of Research: This article studies the anomie and its effective Factors in Rasht city. Norm disordering is a main problem of the essay. If it happens, person cannot correct, select and so encounters with amazing in selecting accepted norms and legal means for reaching them. This study has been done by using Merton’s anomie theory. Based on this viewpoint, anomie is disproportion between accepted social goals and legal means for reaching them or reaching to success. Research Method: The main method of research is social survey, which has been performed by questionnaire. There are 500 people in the sample and method of sampling is multi-phase-cluster. Findings: The study of triple dimensions of anomie in Rasht shows that there is high level of anomie especially in formal one. Also findings show that 62percent of respondents have middle level of norm breaking. Conclusion: Merton main hypothesis that is gap between accepted institutionalized means and accepted cultural goals give rise to anomie, has been approved as possible access to goals. Also, variables such as social trust and social satisfaction have a reversed relationship with anomie. As a whole the triple variables determine 15 percent of anomie. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The Attitude toward Western Culture and Effective Factors on it among the Youth
سروش فتحی مریم ثابتیIntroduction and Purpose: The aim of this study is the evaluation of the attitude toward western culture and effective factors on it among the youth. In this respect culture is set of beliefs and values which are exhibited in conventions, language, literature, religio MoreIntroduction and Purpose: The aim of this study is the evaluation of the attitude toward western culture and effective factors on it among the youth. In this respect culture is set of beliefs and values which are exhibited in conventions, language, literature, religion and other sentiments and cultural heritages. It affects peoples’ characters and invading it means a full-scale effort of a nation with its own culture to impose it to other societies. Method: The methods used in this study were predicative and surveying methods. A sample of 250 individuals was selected with a simple random sampling technique usingcochran’s formula. Findings: based on descriptive findings, 51% of respondents were male and 49% were female. The most male respondents (55%) were in age category 21-25 and the least (18%) were in 26-30 of age. Also, the most female respondents (53%) were in age category 21-25 and the least (14%) were in 26-30 of age. Conclusion: the analytical findings showed that there was a significant and positive relationship between the feeling of social isolation, feeling of social deprivation, access to western media, gender and feeling of social apathy and the attitude towards western cultures. Also there existed an inverse relationship between defected religious beliefs and western culture Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - A review on consumption of cultural goods and the relationship of generation gap between the young and adult generation
Fahimeh moradi Fatemeh baratluIntroduction and purposes: The main goal of this study is to investigate the relationship of the consumption of cultural goods and generation gap between the young and adult generation. Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Science and research branch.So the main question MoreIntroduction and purposes: The main goal of this study is to investigate the relationship of the consumption of cultural goods and generation gap between the young and adult generation. Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Science and research branch.So the main question is:Is there a significant relationship between consumption of cultural goods and the generation gap between the young adult generation ?Method: The research method is survey. The population of the study consisted of 340 students of PhD, MSc, BSc ages ( 19 - 25 )years old as the younger generation and (35-55) years as an adult generations. Which were selected by cluster sampling.Finding: Results indicate that:According to age, education, marital status, level of artistic goods consumption and cultural atmosphere two generations in the field of the cultural goods consumption were different.Results: The greatest difference is in the rate of consumption of art goods. It can indicate the change in lifestyle and consequently the generation gap in the future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Sociological study of Gender differences in Iran according to Human Development indicators - Case study: Maskan Bank staff
fatemeh kouhkan alireza mohseni mesam mosaei REZA moeiniThe purpose of this study is to investigate the sociological gender differences in Iran according to development indicators among Maskan Bank employees,This research is a descriptive- analytical one and in terms of intervention data from a variety of quantitative resear MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the sociological gender differences in Iran according to development indicators among Maskan Bank employees,This research is a descriptive- analytical one and in terms of intervention data from a variety of quantitative research and survey method has been done,Required information was prepared and collected using a researcher questionnaire, and its statistical population is made up of all the staff of the MaskanBank across the country,According to Cochran formula, 372 people were selected as the statistical sample by classified sampling method,data analysis was also performed with descriptive and inferential statistics,According to the results of this study, there is a significant differences between male and female staff in quality of life index (t=3/ 498 , SIG= 0,000) and education lndex ( t=4/717, sig= 0,001) and health index (t=456,sig=0,002) as the important indicators in human development, and men are in a better position for Maskan Bank in terms of human development indicators than women,Overall the mean score of males in gender differences (4/40) was higher than the mean of females in the index (3/63) indicating that males had lower gender differences,Overall the results of the study show that the gender differences of Maskan Bank staff across the country are significant in terms of human develooment indicators, (t=4/889, sig= 0/000) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Market, Value Change and Development: Generational Differences in Business Values Among Marketers in Isfahan
hassan saghafian mansour haghighatian shapour behyanThe market, as one of the main areas of economic activity in contemporary Iran, has undergone changes under the influence of global developments. Such changes have generally led to value developments that, if not properly managed, could affect the development of the cou MoreThe market, as one of the main areas of economic activity in contemporary Iran, has undergone changes under the influence of global developments. Such changes have generally led to value developments that, if not properly managed, could affect the development of the country in various dimensions. The present research is essentially of a developmental nature and examines value developments (generational differences in business values among Isfahan marketers), assuming development as a multidimensional phenomenon. By reviewing existing literature on generational sociology in Iran, three generations of "before revolution", "generation of revolution" and "third generation" were identified and the basis of the research was identified. The research method of this study is "survey". The statistical population of this study is all those who are active in Isfahan city. Sample size was 524 Isfahan marketers who were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling.The findings indicate that there is no difference between the generations studied in the Isfahan market in terms of business meta-values. Also, there is no difference between the generations studied by the Isfahan market in terms of the material values of the business. In addition, the results of the study indicated that generational affiliation had a significant impact on business values and this hypothesis is valid, but the impact is low. In general, it can be said that the turbulence of economic status, social and value anomaly and the shared space of generational socialization are factors that have contributed to the lack of generational differences in business values in the Isfahan market Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Comparison of the cultural values of the three generations of the Islamic Revolution and their relation to the development discourse
آزاده Azadeh Mehrdad navabakhsh Mansour HahaghighatiyanThe aim of this study was to compare the cultural values of the three generations of the Islamic Revolution and its relationship with the development discourse. The statistical population of the study was all citizens over 15 years of age in Tehran. Cronbach's alpha coe MoreThe aim of this study was to compare the cultural values of the three generations of the Islamic Revolution and its relationship with the development discourse. The statistical population of the study was all citizens over 15 years of age in Tehran. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used at 5% error level to determine the sample size. The sample size was 384 people and increased to 400 people. The sampling method was random in which available people were randomly selected and a questionnaire was provided to them. Data analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance. The results showed: cultural values are significantly different between the three generations; freedom to produce cultural products, freedom of social communication, opposition to social media filtering, free access to uncensored media, unrestricted happiness, the presence of women in all spheres, not bounding to marriage, having an arbitrary lifestyle, recognizing the rights of all religious minorities, recognizing the rights of all ethnic minorities, and promoting universal values. While the second and third generations are more committed to revolutionary-religious values, such as; Propagation of Islamic values, propagation of Iranian values and preservation of revolutionary values. Other research results showed; Gender and marital status do not affect cultural values, but age and education have a positive effect on cultural values. Finally it must be said that the values of the third generation of the revolution tend more towards the development discourse than the first and second generations. Manuscript profile -
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23 - A sociological Analysis of Anomaly Impact on Social Apathy (Case of Study: Babol City)
Mehrdad Navabakhsh Jaber Mirzapouri -
Open Access Article
24 - A survey on changing of life style in Iranian rural society
Mostafa Azkia Sakineh Hosseini Rudbaraki -
Open Access Article
25 - Intergenerational Differences in terms of Religious Status in Rural Settlements (Case of study: Kardeh dehestan of Mashhad County)
Aliakbar Anabestani Sahar Ahmadzadeh -
Open Access Article
26 - Market, Value Changes and Development: Generational Differences in Business Values among Bazaars in Isfahan
Hassan Saqafian Mansour Haghighatian Shapour BehyanThe market, as one of the main areas of economic activity in contemporary Iran, has undergone changes under the influence of global developments. Such changes have generally led to value developments that, if not properly managed, could affect the development of the cou MoreThe market, as one of the main areas of economic activity in contemporary Iran, has undergone changes under the influence of global developments. Such changes have generally led to value developments that, if not properly managed, could affect the development of the country in various dimensions. The present research is essentially of a developmental nature and examines value developments (generational differences in business values among Isfahan marketers), assuming development as a multidimensional phenomenon. By reviewing existing literature on generational sociology in Iran, three generations of "before revolution", "generation of revolution" and "third generation" were identified and the basis of the research was identified. The research method of this study is "survey". The statistical population of this study is all those who are active in Isfahan city. Sample size was 524 Isfahan marketers who were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. The findings indicate that there is no difference between the generations studied in the Isfahan market in terms of business meta-values. Also, there is no difference between the generations studied by the Isfahan market in terms of the material values of the business. In addition, the results of the study indicated that generational affiliation had a significant impact on business values and this hypothesis is valid, but the impact is low. In general, it can be said that the turbulence of economic status, social and value anomaly and the shared space of generational socialization are factors that have contributed to the lack of generational differences in business values in the Isfahan market Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Difference between Man and Woman in Compensation
Sohaila BabivardiKilling is a phenomenon man has always been encountering. In order toprevent individuals from violating rights to others’ life, man hasexperienced and thought of various ways so far. Islam has also madespecial laws in order to prevent men from committing this unpl MoreKilling is a phenomenon man has always been encountering. In order toprevent individuals from violating rights to others’ life, man hasexperienced and thought of various ways so far. Islam has also madespecial laws in order to prevent men from committing this unpleasantphenomenon in such a way that the killing is committed deliberatelythe killer must face retaliation and if it is done unintentionally he mustpay blood money. Such a law-making is explicitly mentioned in theverse 92 of the second Quranic surah. The present essay expoundsperspectives of earlier jurists concerning compensation first and thoseof later jurists secondly, discusses juristic essential of man and womanbeing equal in compensation thirdly, explains juristic essential ofwoman’s compensation being half of man’s fourthly, and deals with thereason for difference between man and woman in compensation finally Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Classical Interpretation of Probability and its Problems: Philosophical – Historical approach
Mansour Besharati AghdamThe subject of this article is about Classical Interpretation ofProbability and its Problems. For centuries, Classical Probability wasthe only prevalent approach in Probability theory. Because of someProblems and paradoxes in this theory, new interpretations wereintrodu MoreThe subject of this article is about Classical Interpretation ofProbability and its Problems. For centuries, Classical Probability wasthe only prevalent approach in Probability theory. Because of someProblems and paradoxes in this theory, new interpretations wereintroduced by Philosophers and thinkers in the beginning of 20thcentury. In this article, we introduce the classical interpretation ofprobability from Philosophical–Historical approach and review itsproblems. We also review the frequency interpretation, logicalinterpretation and subjective interpretation as alternatives for classicalinterpretation. Manuscript profile -
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29 - Jonathan Z. Smith: A Reflection on the Meaning and Concept of Comparison in the Study of Religions
Mohsen Ovaisy Mahdi Lakzaei Abolfazl MahmoudiJonathan Zittell Smith is one of the most important critics of Mircea Eliade's approach to comparative religious studies, who has written works in fields such as "comparative methodology", "Classification of Religions" and religion in the contemporary world. One-sided f MoreJonathan Zittell Smith is one of the most important critics of Mircea Eliade's approach to comparative religious studies, who has written works in fields such as "comparative methodology", "Classification of Religions" and religion in the contemporary world. One-sided focus on similarity and homogenization and the discovery of similar patterns in the comparative studies of religions was the dominant method in religious studies, which was expressed by Eliade. In fact, the most important criticism of Eliade's approach is absence of serious attention to historical details, cultural and social contexts, and economic and political elements. Zittell Smith accused Eliade's comparative method to "Colonizing" the subject of research and believed that comparison does not only indicate to common and similar factors. He sought to present a comparative model that includes both differences and similarities. He reviews the main methods of comparison including (ethnological, encyclopedic, morphological, evolutionary and comprehensive comparison of religious patterns) and finally chooses the "morphological-structural" approach with emphasis on historical and anthropological components. He considers it a more correct comparative method than other methods. Manuscript profile -
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30 - The Methodology of Comparative Studies of Mysticism
علی صادقی شهپرComparative studies of mysticism tries to compare mysticalphenomena in different cultures in order to bring about a betterunderstanding of these cultures and make an intercultural relationbetween them.This article classifies the sources of the study into the first hand, MoreComparative studies of mysticism tries to compare mysticalphenomena in different cultures in order to bring about a betterunderstanding of these cultures and make an intercultural relationbetween them.This article classifies the sources of the study into the first hand,second hand and third hand sources, and differentiate the translatedsources from exegeses. It reviews the difficulties of the comparativemethod of research on mysticism, like: unavailability of the first handsources, misunderstanding of the original sources by the foreignresearchers, and word by word translation of mystical terms. It alsosuggests some resolutions for dealing with such problems (e. g.functionalist approach). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - comparative study of two works of Persian epistolary "Attavassol elattarassol" and "Mesbaholrasayel va meftaholfazayel"
Fateme Akhtaranfar"Attavassol elattarassol" and "Mesbaholrasayel va mesbaholfazayel" are two works of type of origin with technical style. The first of which is a collection of correspondence and the second of which is in the etiquette of correspondence.Undoubtedly the works with the sam More"Attavassol elattarassol" and "Mesbaholrasayel va mesbaholfazayel" are two works of type of origin with technical style. The first of which is a collection of correspondence and the second of which is in the etiquette of correspondence.Undoubtedly the works with the same literary type and historical period are matched style. but sometimes a unique work emerges and is followed, or the similarity of the two works is such that it is worthy of attention. Attavassol elattarassol is also one of the excellent texts, which Mesbaholrasayel , of the valuable secretarial books and of the first works written in correspondence, with a unique resemblance to it.This article seeks to show the practicing of Movaffagh ebne Mohammad Majdi (author of Mesbaholrasayel ...) to the style of Bahaeddin Mohammad e Baghdadi (author of Attavassol ...) and the unique similarity of their work.Therefore the two mentioned works are compared with comparative and analytical method, its upshot is expressed based foundations of stylistics and mentioning the evidence in this speech.The results show that "Movaffagh ebne Mohammad e Majdi" followed writings of "Bahaeddin Mohammad e Baghdadi" as a model and wrote the principles of writing in accordance with the religion contained in his writings. Through this research, the factors that differentiate the two works in question have also been revealed. The available evidence shows that the difference between the two arises from the different subject matter of these books and sometimes the personal interests of their authors. Manuscript profile -
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32 - A Comparative Look Into the Story Writing of Fyodor Dostoyevsky and Gholam Hussein Saedi
Farhad Tahmasbi Maryam Al-Sadat SojoudiThe present article is an attempt to show that modern story writing in Iran has been influenced by the world dramatic literature. Studying the contemporary stories shows that Iranians have been influenced by worldmethods and literary schools. For certain political and i MoreThe present article is an attempt to show that modern story writing in Iran has been influenced by the world dramatic literature. Studying the contemporary stories shows that Iranians have been influenced by worldmethods and literary schools. For certain political and ideological reasons these influences have mostly been from the works of Russian literature. The article explores the works of Fyodor Dostoyevsky and Gholam Hussein Saedi as the representative story writers of two different cultures and from different times to conclude how the Russian writer has influenced the iranain one. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Stylistic Comparison of Satire in Anvari and Motenabi’s Poetry
Naser Bahrami Mohammad Amir AbidiniaSatire is one of the literary devices and a part of poetry in Arabic and Persian poets. Due to the ethical limitations in societies, however, few chose it as their means. As a result, many literary and social aspects of this genre are left unknown and ambiguous while re MoreSatire is one of the literary devices and a part of poetry in Arabic and Persian poets. Due to the ethical limitations in societies, however, few chose it as their means. As a result, many literary and social aspects of this genre are left unknown and ambiguous while research in this regard can unveil hidden aspects of the societies. The present study aims comparatively to analyze the satirical similarities and differences in Anwari and Motenabi’s poetry stylistically. Data are analyzed based on content analysis method. It is expected to attain a better understanding about satire and its stylistics and to pave the way for common grounds of satire in comparative literature. Manuscript profile -
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34 - Vice and Virtue in Germanic and Iranian Myths
Poolak Aslankhani Seyed Masoud SalamiMyth, which is one of the major building blocks of literature throughout the world, portrays through symbolic language exquisite stories of social and cultural values of the nations, and is considered as significant sources of social and cultural research. By comparativ MoreMyth, which is one of the major building blocks of literature throughout the world, portrays through symbolic language exquisite stories of social and cultural values of the nations, and is considered as significant sources of social and cultural research. By comparative analysis of tales, the thought and the bases of them are recognized from one hand and it is feasible to find the common grounds of nations throughout the world on the other. Magical tales and fairy tales are among the most important and marvelous myths which present extraordinary and metaphysical incidents in unreal and imaginary worlds. Since duality is a vital basis of magical myths and is among major motives in fairy tales, the aim of this study is to comparatively analyze this factor and also the role of the protagonist in confrontation with vice and virtue in Germanic and Iranian myths to highlight the similarities and differences of the two cultures. Manuscript profile -
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35 - Wisdom of Diversity Day from the viewpoint of the Qur’an
Mohmmad Ali Mahdavi Rad Mahid Abdollahi poorUndoubtedlyone of themost importanthumanneeds, is the need forprovisions. For this reason, God to Whom be ascribed all perfection and majesty, Who is aware of everything,has undertaken provisionsand has promised in the Quran the assurance of provisions;On MoreUndoubtedlyone of themost importanthumanneeds, is the need forprovisions. For this reason, God to Whom be ascribed all perfection and majesty, Who is aware of everything,has undertaken provisionsand has promised in the Quran the assurance of provisions;On the other hand,reflection in the lives of relatives and our other fellowmen,reveals this factthat among them there is an inequality in the enjoyment of the provision, the issue thatifits existentialphilosophy remains unknown,it causes doubts and uncertainties in some people’s mind and it has made the foundations of faith in divine justice shakein this group.In this paper, in addition tothe expressionof the provisionand providing the correct interpretation of vouching it,variety of philosophies of the provision and its compatibility with the concept of divine justiceare studied,too. And finally,the wisdom of inequalities of the provision on the behalf of Godis analyzed. Manuscript profile -
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36 - Causes and origin of human lifestyle differences from the perspective of the Holy Quran
Omid Rasa Mohammad FarahaniThe Almighty God in the Holy Quran, in addition to presenting the Islamic lifestyle as the only superior style and approved and recommended to man has stated the causes and origin of some human beings' tendency towards other lifestyles so that human beings become aware MoreThe Almighty God in the Holy Quran, in addition to presenting the Islamic lifestyle as the only superior style and approved and recommended to man has stated the causes and origin of some human beings' tendency towards other lifestyles so that human beings become aware of the causes and factors that led them and human societies to a certain style of life or forced them to choose and follow a superior style. Islam religion; It is a way of life that has a divine origin and the causes of the emergence or spread of lifestyles that are drawn or scanned without the help of revelation and absolute submission to the advice of God Almighty is disconnection from God and tendency to other than Him. Ignorance; Imitation and static; Foolishness; Arrogance; Denial; Excuses and expectation; Fanaticism and Secularism; Neglect and forgetfulness; Seduction and deception of Satan; Jealousy and extravagance; Among the causes and factors are deprivation of the divine religion and tendency to other lifestyles. Manuscript profile -
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37 - تاثیر مقادیر متفاوت سلنیوم خون ناشی از جیره های متفاوت سلنیومی بر ظرفیت کل آنتی اکسیدانی سرم گاوها و گوساله های نوزاد آنها
سوگند مشفقی ناصر رنجبر مالیدره لیلا محمدیار -
Open Access Article
38 - Exploring the Position of the Doctrine of Difference in John Rawls's Theory of Justice And explaining the desirable society accordingly
hasan arayesh seyedmasoud haselimofrad mohammad ali tavanaThe present paper seeks to answer the fundamental question of what are the philosophical implications of the "doctrine of difference" in John Rawls's theory of justice, and which doctrine draws the desired society? The methodology of this paper is analytical and descrip MoreThe present paper seeks to answer the fundamental question of what are the philosophical implications of the "doctrine of difference" in John Rawls's theory of justice, and which doctrine draws the desired society? The methodology of this paper is analytical and descriptive, and the results show that the "doctrine of difference" in Rawls's theory of justice seeks to create the grounds for fundamental and equal liberty for all citizens, in a manner consistent with the realities of modern life. Rawls, therefore, conceives of humanity as an end in itself, preferring the right to the first priority in the status quo and seeking to create a coherent society based on accepting the principles of difference and plurality among all human beings. A desirable society commensurate with the doctrine of difference is a society based on the principles of liberal democracy, a market economy, and a welfare state in which human beings as citizens are treated politically with respect to the fundamentals of difference, and respect and respect one another's opinions. Manuscript profile -
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39 - The Impact of Jacques Derrida’s View of Deconstructive Reading on Molavi’s and Emily Dickinson’s Selected Poems
fazel asadi amjad tayebe dibaJalaldin Molavi and Emily Dickinson the poets who shared several common characteristics such as contradictions, dualities, and uncertaintieswhich prevent these poems from offering definitive meanings and topresent these poems as constitute of binary oppositions. Deconst MoreJalaldin Molavi and Emily Dickinson the poets who shared several common characteristics such as contradictions, dualities, and uncertaintieswhich prevent these poems from offering definitive meanings and topresent these poems as constitute of binary oppositions. Deconstructiveanalysis of these highly acknowledged poems reveal the instability of EmilyDickinson’sand Molavi’slanguage andmeaning. Finally,the presentresearchshows that these poems could have many possible interpretations and meanings andaccordingly, it is concluded that there is not a definitive interpretation for each poem. Manuscript profile -
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40 - Examining the concept of identity from a deconstructive perspective in Sam Shepard's family plays
fazel asadi amjad seyed sara ghazi mirsaedLKDJKLSLKDJKLS Manuscript profile -
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41 - Binary Oppositions in the Structure of Ḵāqāni Šervāni’s Poetry
Siyavash Moradi Mohammad Reza GhariDeveloping the imagery and imagism in poetry implies exploiting all capacities of language. One of the means of producing and developing imagery is to consider the contrastive nature of lexemes in culture and language.Based on the contrastive theory of language, when mi MoreDeveloping the imagery and imagism in poetry implies exploiting all capacities of language. One of the means of producing and developing imagery is to consider the contrastive nature of lexemes in culture and language.Based on the contrastive theory of language, when mind encounters a signified, the mental popularity of one is transferred to the popularity of the second. Hence the relation between words, expressions and signs in a language system and structure is revealed. In most cases a network of various images, obtained from different fields of science and skills, has been closely intertwined in Ḵāqāni's poetry. Contrastive relation is one of the main factors in this network, which strongly functions in horizontal axis of Ḵāqāni's poetry. This structural pattern in Ḵāqāni's poetry has been investigated and classified in different scopes, in order to find a way to the mind world and poetic thoughts of Ḵāqāni. Manuscript profile -
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42 - A Research on Allegory, Parable, and Proverb
Mahmoud Reza Sazvari Shahla Mohammad Reyhani -
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43 - بررسی رابطه تفاوت های معنایی نقش جنسی و طرحواره های جنسی در دختران مجرد با تجربه تعرض جنسی در کودکی
نیلوفر افشار مجتبی صداقتی فرد -
Open Access Article
44 - تبیین جامعه شناختی عوامل بی تفاوتی سیاسی با تاکید بر دینداری ( مورد مطالعه: شهروندان شهر اهواز)
فرامرز رضایی محمدعلی چیت ساز شاپور بهیان -
Open Access Article
45 - Sociological analysis of the impact of abnormality on social Apathy
neda seyedin Abdolreza adhami Talieh KhademianIn sociological literature, Apathy is often mentioned as a pathological phenomenon, a kind of social disease, an obstacle to participation and development, and one of the complications of urbanization in the new era, and it is one of the undesirable elements of modern l MoreIn sociological literature, Apathy is often mentioned as a pathological phenomenon, a kind of social disease, an obstacle to participation and development, and one of the complications of urbanization in the new era, and it is one of the undesirable elements of modern life, which is a kind of threat to people's desire not to interfere. It refers to affairs and acceptance of responsibility. The aim of this research is sociological analysis of the impact of abnormality on social indifference. The studied population is the students of Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran and North Tehran branches, at the time of conducting the research, the total statistical population equal to 85,000 students were studying in these two university units, of which 380 were classified by random sampling method. were studied. The survey method used and the tool for data collection is a researcher-made questionnaire. And to test the hypotheses, Pearson's correlation coefficient, linear and multiple regression, T-test independent mean difference test and ANOVA one-way analysis of variance test were used. Four dimensions were considered to measure the abnormality variable and the results showed that There is a direct and significant correlation between the variables of meaninglessness (r=0.267), mistrust (r=0.245), powerlessness (r=0.397) and individualism (r=0.265) with social indifference. In other words, the higher the social abnormality, the higher the social indifference among students. Manuscript profile -
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46 - تبیین جامعه شناختی عوامل مرتبط با بی تفاوتی سیاسی با تاًکید بر دینداری ( مورد مطالعه: شهروندان شهر اهواز)
فرامرز رضایی محمدعلی چیت ساز شاپور بهیان -
Open Access Article
47 - Sociological analysis of the impact of abnormality on social Apathy
Neda Seyedin Abdolreza adhami Talieh KhademianIn sociological literature, Apathy is often mentioned as a pathological phenomenon,a kind of social disease, an obstacle to participation and development, and one ofthe complications of urbanization in the new era, and it is one of the undesirableelements of modern life MoreIn sociological literature, Apathy is often mentioned as a pathological phenomenon,a kind of social disease, an obstacle to participation and development, and one ofthe complications of urbanization in the new era, and it is one of the undesirableelements of modern life, which is a kind of threat to people's desire not to interfere.It refers to affairs and acceptance of responsibility. The aim of this research issociological analysis of the impact of abnormality on social indifference. Thestudied population is the students of Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran andNorth Tehran branches, at the time of conducting the research, the total statisticalpopulation equal to , students were studying in these two university units, ofwhich were classified by random sampling method. were studied. The surveymethod used and the tool for data collection is a researcher-made questionnaire.And to test the hypotheses, Pearson's correlation coefficient, linear and multipleregression, T-test independent mean difference test and ANOVA one-way analysis ofvariance test were used. Four dimensions were considered to measure theabnormality variable and the results showed that There is a direct and significantcorrelation between the variables of meaninglessness (r= ), mistrust (r= ),powerlessness (r= ) and individualism (r= ) with social indifference. Inother words, the higher the social abnormality, the higher the social indifferenceamong students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - A sociological study of the relationship between economic status and religion and political culture in Mark Tessler's conceptual framework
مجتبی فتحی زاده عبدالرضا هاشمی احمد علی حسابیMojtaba Fathizadeh PhD Student, Department of Political Sociology, Shushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shushtar, Iran. Abdolreza HashemiAssistant Professor, Department of Political Sociology, Shushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shushtar, Iran. (Correspond MoreMojtaba Fathizadeh PhD Student, Department of Political Sociology, Shushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shushtar, Iran. Abdolreza HashemiAssistant Professor, Department of Political Sociology, Shushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shushtar, Iran. (Corresponding Author): abdorezahashemi@yahoo.com Ahmad Ali Hesabi Assistant Professor, Department of Political Sociology, Shushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shushtar, Iran. Political culture in contemporary societies, and especially in the society in transition in Iran, plays a pivotal role in political and civil development and participation. Within the framework of Mark Tessler's conceptual system, he studies the sociological study of the relationship between economic status and religion and students' political culture. , Hamedan) were selected by stratified random sampling method. The results showed that the majority of students who had Sunni religion indifferent to political culture 16.6%, and the majority of students who had Shiite religion to two political cultures The difference of 40.9% and 32.6% democratic tended. Also, the majority of students with low economic status tended to indifferent political culture, and the majority of students with high economic status tended to democratic political culture. He said that students' political culture has a positive and significant relationship with the variables of economic status and religion. Manuscript profile -
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49 - The Portrait of Revolution and Resistancein Aboulqasem Lahouti's Poetry
Ali Ganjian soraya rahimiAboulqasemLahouti is a pioneer and eminent poet in Persian literature. His poems are like historical narratives which ingeminate what happened to Iran in that period of history for his readers and audiences. He is a capable poet who is aware of his social responsibiliti MoreAboulqasemLahouti is a pioneer and eminent poet in Persian literature. His poems are like historical narratives which ingeminate what happened to Iran in that period of history for his readers and audiences. He is a capable poet who is aware of his social responsibilities and has realized the significance of poetry and its effect on people's soul and its power to motivate nation and people to face power and despotism; therefore, he has expressed his liberal and reforming thoughts and ideas in the form of beautiful poems and he has invited and called his compatriots to arise and fight against injustice, cruelty and corruption. The current study and research decides to introduce this great, prestigious poet who unfortunately has remained obscure. This article studies and surveys the resistance and revolution in Lahouti's poems in analytical descriptive way and style and also expresses the most dominant and particular theme and content of his poems consisting freedom, criticizing government, colonialism review, complaint about ignorance and neglected people, reminiscence of glorious past and taking inspiration from it. By searching and deliberating in Lahouti's poems we can realize that he is a responsible and poet who motivates bravery and courage among his compatriots to fight against the enemies for the sake of reaching freedom and equality in the battlefield. On the other hand, Lahouti's joint to communist party, his political views, military morale and presence in battlefields are the features which cause Lahouti's poems be promotional (slogan) and full of invitation to insurgence and resistance in more cases. Manuscript profile -
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50 - Prediction of Academic Coping Strategies By to Self- Efficiency Beliefs and Goal Orientation in Shiraz
razieh sheikholeslami sareh ahmadiThe aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between self - efficacy, achievement goal orientation and academic coping strategies of university students. In addition, self-efficiency, goal orientation, and academic coping strategies of male and female univer MoreThe aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between self - efficacy, achievement goal orientation and academic coping strategies of university students. In addition, self-efficiency, goal orientation, and academic coping strategies of male and female university students are compared. Research method is correlation and 248 college students were selected by cluster sampling from college of educational sciences, engineering, and medical sciences university of Shiraz. Scale (Friedel & others, 2007), Personal Goal Orientation Scale (Migley & others, 1997) and the Academic Coping Questionnaire (Tero & Connell, 1984). The results of multiple regression analysis revealed that academic self – efficacy of university students predicts adaptive coping strategies positively, and non - coping behaviors negatively. Also, master goal orientation predicts adaptive coping strategies positively and maladaptive coping strategies (consist of denial and projective coping) negatively. According to independent t - test results, there are significant differences between female and male university students in master and performance goal orientations. Manuscript profile -
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51 - A Model to Evaluate Factors Influencing Perceived Responsive Curriculum in Smart Schools
فرهاد شفیعپور مطلق محمدحسین یارمحمدیانThis study investigated factors influencing the development of perceived responsive curricula in smart schools. All smart school teachers in Tehran in the academic year 1390 1388 were considered as study population. In this descriptive correlation study, 360 teacher wer MoreThis study investigated factors influencing the development of perceived responsive curricula in smart schools. All smart school teachers in Tehran in the academic year 1390 1388 were considered as study population. In this descriptive correlation study, 360 teacher were selected through multistage clustering sampling. Three researcher- made questionnaires (factors influencing responsible perceived curricula, component of the perceived responsive curricula, motivating students in smart schools) were used. Content validity was obtained. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0/93, 0/89 and 0/87 respectively. Pearson correlation and structural equations model is used for data analysis. Findings indicate that among the seven studied variables attention to individual differences (0/307), attention to mastery learning (0/263), and attention to research-centeredness (0/219) had the highest total effect on the perceived responsive curriculum. Based on the findings of the study Chi-Square, GFI, AGFI, P-Value and RMSEA are 115/422, 0/963, 0/921, 0/000, and 0/055 respectively. Therefore studied model is acceptable Manuscript profile -
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52 - Extraction of soil moisture index (TVDI) using a scatter diagram temperature/vegetation and MODIS images
Salah Shahmoradi Hamid Reza Ghafarian Malamiri Mohammad AminiBackground and Objective Soil moisture is an important parameter in controlling many processes of the climate system, one of the basic parameters of the environment and its direct impact on the plant, animal and microorganisms, its importance in the global cycle of MoreBackground and Objective Soil moisture is an important parameter in controlling many processes of the climate system, one of the basic parameters of the environment and its direct impact on the plant, animal and microorganisms, its importance in the global cycle of water, energy and carbon, the energy exchange between air and soil is known for its natural water cycle (especially in the distribution of rain between surface runoff and infiltration) and the management of water and soil resources. Soil moisture plays an important role in the interactive processes between the atmosphere and the earth and global climate change. Triangular and trapezoidal methods combining thermal and visible data are the most commonly used methods for determining the amount of soil surface moisture. The aim of this study is to estimate the surface moisture of the soil (TVDI), by the triangular method in the south of West Azerbaijan province using land temperature index (LST) and vegetation index (NDVI), during 2010, 2014 and 2018. Materials and Methods The present study using MODIS timing series images, NDVI index and LST index, to estimate the surface moisture index (Temperature–Vegetation Dryness Index, TVDI), in three time periods including; the first time period from 1 January 2010 to 30 December 2010 and the second period is from 1 January 2014 to 30 December 2014 and the third period is from 1 January 2018 to 30 December 2018. During each period, 12 images were used on the 15th day of each month. Also, surface moisture was estimated by two methods, one was to establish a high regression relationship and remove the minimum temperature, and the second method was to establish a high and low regression relationship of the pixels. To evaluate the accuracy of these two methods, a regression correlation between the results of these methods with the soil surface moisture content of the Agricultural Jihad (30 points) at a depth of 5 to 15 cm was used. The reason for choosing these three years is due to the difference in high rainfall in some months of the studied years. This study was conducted in the south of the province of West Azerbaijan, which is part of the western region of Iran. Results and Discussion The evaporative triangle diagram consisting of the vegetation index and the surface temperature of the earth in 2010 from January to December month has seen many temperature changes. These same changes in the Earth's surface temperature have caused that the graphs have many changes. During the 2010 year, according to the chart, the maximum temperature was August and the minimum was January, and the maximum vegetation was May and the minimum was December. In 2014, the maximum temperature in August and the minimum in January and the maximum vegetation in May and the minimum in January and also this year were relatively warmer and drier than in 2010. The evaporative triangle chart in 2018 is rainier than the other two years studied, and the amount of vegetation and according to the graphs in this year, the maximum temperature in July and the minimum is January and the maximum vegetation is May and the minimum in January. The surface moisture level of the soil in 2010 for the western region of Iran, which is the maximum moisture level in May and the minimum in August. In most of the 2010 moisture index maps, the maximum humidity in the west and the lowest in the South of this region. The results of the moisture index maps in 2014 this year have been relatively drier than in other years studied. In 2014 has little rainfall and vegetation. Humidity changes this year are lower than in 2010. The maximum and minimum humidity in 2014 was between 0 and 0.6. The maximum humidity is June and the minimum is August. The TVDI moisture index maps for 2018 have had more moisture indicators this year than in the other two years. In 2018, heavy rains caused the vegetation to increase and the ground temperature to decrease, and this has led to an increase in the moisture index compared to 2010 and 2014. In 2018, the vegetation reached 0.89. But in other years it has been studied up to 0.7. This year, the high humidity is in May and the lowest in August. The maximum humidity during this year is in the west and the lower is in the south. The results of the TVDI index for 2010, 2014 and 2018, using the second method, the general results of this method are similar to the first method. Based on the results obtained from the accuracy of both methods, we conclude that the accuracy of the first method is better and generally simpler than the second method. In 2018, in May, according to the first method, the amount of R2 = 0.67, and also according to the second method, the amount of R2 = 0.41. Conclusion Estimation of surface soil moisture is essential for optimal management of water and soil resources. Surface soil moisture is an important variable in the water cycle of nature, which plays an important role in the global balance of water and energy through its impact on hydrological, ecological and meteorological processes. Examination of the two methods used indicates that the first method, which was also used in this research in general, has higher accuracy than the terrestrial fields due to the results of image accuracy. In 2010, the months of May and August, according to the first method are R2 = 0.61 and 0.57. In 2010, the amount of R2 according to terrestrial data and the use of the second method in May and August are R2 = 0.43 and 0.47. Also, in 2018, the value of R2 using the first method in May is 0.66. In 2018, the value of R2 using the second method in May is 0.41. The results of the soil surface moisture index, in this study, showed that this model is able to estimate the amount of soil moisture in large geographical areas with acceptable accuracy. http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.26767082.1400.12.1.3.4 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Vegetation classification based on wetland index using object based classification of satellite images (Case study: Anzali wetland)
Maryam Haghighi Khomami Mohammad Javad Tajaddod Mokaram Ravanbakhsh Fariborz Jamalzad FallahBackground and ObjectiveRecently, a lot of studies have been done in Anzali wetland as one of the most important wetlands of Ramsar Convention, which has a high cost due to the nature and geographical location of the wetland. Advances in technology have made it possible MoreBackground and ObjectiveRecently, a lot of studies have been done in Anzali wetland as one of the most important wetlands of Ramsar Convention, which has a high cost due to the nature and geographical location of the wetland. Advances in technology have made it possible to evaluate natural environments more accurately, fast, and low cost with remote sensing data due to their easy accessibility, high accuracy, extensive and reproducible coverage in terms of time and space, and information extraction in a relatively short time. Because one of the most important problems in studying vegetation changes is the lack of accurate spatial information over time. Satellite imagery and remote sensing technology make it possible to achieve a better program for environmental management by relying on the information produced by it. In this study, the vegetation classification of Anzali wetland was done by using the technique of Object base classifications of Landsat image incorporation with fieldwork based on the wetland index of plants as well as the vegetation index (NDVI) of the study area were analyzed. Wetland vegetation classification maps can be used to identify the amount and type of cover and planning to maintain and rehabilitate the wetland. Materials and Methods In this study, a vegetation map based on the wetland index is considered as one of the required criteria for ecological demarcation of wetlands. First, the general vegetation areas of the wetland on the coast and around it were identified. Then, vegetation data of wetland aquatic species were collected from different wetland areas in 0.25 m2 plots. In the land margin area, the wetland species of the wetland margin were collected with a 1 m2 plot. A total of 42 plots were collected during the spring and summer of 2019. After preparing the required images, their preprocessing including geometric, atmospheric, radiometric corrections and image enhancement were performed using ENVI. Landsat 8 Image on July 29, 1998, with a spatial resolution of 30 meters was used to classify vegetation and prepare a map of vegetation index (NDVI) and image of Sentinel-2 satellite (July 98) due to 10 m of the ground resolution was used to combine with Landsat 8 data as auxiliary data in image classification. The combining of these two images improves the spatial resolution also preserves the spectral values of the multispectral image. The object-based classification was performed on the integrated Landsat 8 image using training data from field work. The classification accuracy was evaluated for each class using experimental samples as ground control points and the classification error matrix was extracted. Results and Discussion First, the dominant plants and representatives of their wetland index were identified by field work. Then, the relative percentage of dominant plant cover at the sampling site was calculated according to the standard list of identified plant species, and Plants were divided into two groups of wetland and non-wetland based on the wetland index. From the classification of plot species in 42 plots, 180 plant species were identified in 124 genera and 48 families. Also, four groups of wetland plants were: obligate wetland plants (OBL), facultative and obligate wetland plants (OBL & FACW), facultative upland, and facultative wetland plants (FACU & FACW), and facultative wetland plants (FACW). A vegetation map was prepared from a combination of terrestrial samples and object base classification of the 2019 Landsat satellite OLI image sensor. The accuracy of the classified maps was evaluated based on the kappa coefficient and overall accuracy. The overall accuracy is 88.62% and the kappa coefficient is 84%. The Plant distribution was determined based on satellite image classification: OBL plants were observed in the water zone (west and Sorkhankol wetland margin), FACW plants were observed mostly in the dry margin and mainly in the southwest of the wetland (Siahkeshim wetland) and Choukam Wildlife Sanctuary in the eastern part of the wetland, OBL & FACW group with less uniform distribution was observed in the whole area and FACU & FACW group was observed in a small part in Choukam, north, and northwest of the wetland. The percentage of vegetation density map retrieved from the NDVI index shows the distribution of dense vegetation cover in different parts of the wetland and the limitation of the water level of the wetland bed. Conclusion The results of the satellite imagery study and their classification according to terrestrial samples showed that the spread and dispersal of obligate wetland species (OBL) were limited to water parts of the wetlands so that the highest distribution of these plants were in the west of the Anzali wetland and Sorkhankol. The spread of facultative wetland species (FACW) was in the arid areas of the wetland, which indicates the upland areas of the wetland in Siahkeshim (southwest) and Choukam (east). The result of image classification showed the percentage of plant group in each class: the agricultural class (with a present level of 23.9%) and the group of facultative species (FACW) (with a present level of 23.6% and mostly Phragmites, Alnus, and Salix species) have the top percentage of image classification classes of Anzali Wetland. This indicates more presence of facultative species compared to obligate species of wetland (OBL) (with a present level of 10.1%) and the level of agricultural land occupation, showed the wetland drying. The percentage of vegetation at the wetland level was assessed with the vegetation index (NDVI), most of which belongs to dense vegetation. Due to the fact that the satellite image is related to the summer season, this map shows the distribution of vegetation in different parts and the water level of the wetland bed, which has reduced the amount of water levels in the wetland. Periodic review of vegetation and its ecological changes provides useful information on changes in the water and ecological resources of the wetland to plan for its maintenance as an important ecosystem in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - The effect of land use change/land cover on land surface temperature in the coastal area of Bushehr
Fazel Amiri Tayebeh TabatabaieBackground and Objective Urbanization accelerates the ecological stress by warming the local or global cities for a large extent. Many urban areas are suffering from huge land conversion and resultant new heat zones. Remote sensing techniques are significantly effective MoreBackground and Objective Urbanization accelerates the ecological stress by warming the local or global cities for a large extent. Many urban areas are suffering from huge land conversion and resultant new heat zones. Remote sensing techniques are significantly effective in detecting the land use/land cover (LULC) change and its consequences. Several satellite sensors are capable to identify these change zones by using their visible and near-infrared (VNIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands. Apart from the conventional LULC classification algorithms, some spectral indices are used in detecting specific land features. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) can be considered the most applied spectral index in this scenario. NDVI is a dominant factor in LST derivation processes and is used invariably in any LST-related study. NDVI is directly used in the determination of land surface emissivity and thus is a significant factor for LST estimation. It also determines the LULC categories by its optimum threshold limits in the different physical environments. Being a vegetation index, NDVI depends largely on seasonal variation. Hence, LST is also regulated by the change of seasons. Thus, seasonal evaluation of LST and NDVI is an important task in LST mapping and monitoring, especially in an urban landscape. In this research, LST and NDVI in August in the coastal lands of Bushehr are investigated using Landsat satellite images for the years 1990, 2005 and 2020. The LULC map was obtained with suitable threshold values of NDVI. The objectives of this study are; 1) to analyze the temporal changes of the LST spatial distribution pattern in the study area, 2) to determine the spatial-temporal changes of the LST-NDVI relationship for the whole studied land, and 3) to investigate the spatial-temporal changes of the LST relationship - NDVI in different types of land use/cover.Materials and Methods The land study area of Bushehr city, which is on the northern coast of the Persian Gulf, with dimensions of 20 × 8 km2 an area of 1011.5 km2 and with an average minimum temperature of 18.1 oC and an average maximum temperature of 33 oC, relative humidity between 58-75% and the average annual rainfall is 272 mm. The data used in this research include; Landsat 8 (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sounder (TIRS) data in 2020; 2005 ETM+ data, and 1990 TM data downloaded from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) (https://earth explorer.usgs.gov). The Landsat 8 TIRS instrument has two TIR bands (bands 10 and 11), in which band 11 has calibration uncertainty. Therefore, only TIR band 10 (100 m resolution) is recommended for the present study. The 10 TIR band was converted to a pixel size of 30 × 30 meters by the USGS cubic convolution method. Landsat 5 TM data has only one TIR thermal infrared band (band 6) with 120 m resolution, which was also converted by USGS to 30 × 30 m pixel size by cubic convolution method. For Landsat TM and ETM+ data, the spatial resolution of 30 m visible to near-infrared (VNIR) bands was used. The maximum likelihood classification method was applied to validate NDVI threshold-based LULC classification. In this study, the mono-window algorithm was applied to retrieve LST from multi-temporal Landsat satellite sensors. NDVI can extract different types of LULC by using the optimum threshold values. These threshold values can differ with respect to the differences in the physical environment. The NDVI threshold limits were applied to the images to extract the different LULC types.Results and Discussion The overall accuracy values of the LULC classification were 73.6%, 83.9%, and 84.6% in 1990, 2005, and 2020, respectively. The kappa coefficients for the LULC classification were 0.77, 0.80, and 0.84 in 1990, 2005, and 2020, respectively. In the present study, the average overall accuracy and average kappa coefficient were 80.7% and 0.80, respectively. Thus, the NDVI threshold method-based LULC classification was significantly validated. The results of this research showed a gradual rising (1.4 °C during 1990–2005 and 2 °C during 2005–2020) of LST during the whole period of study. The mean LST value for three study years was the lowest (30.86 °C) on green vegetation and the highest (49.07 °C) on bare land and built-up areas. The spatial distribution of NDVI and LST reflects an inverse relationship. The best (-0.97) and the least (-0.80) correlation, respectively, whereas a moderate (-0.89) correlation was noticed. This LST-NDVI correlation was strong negative (-0.80) on the vegetation surface. The LST is greatly controlled by land-use characteristics.Conclusion The present study analyzes the spatial, and temporal relationship of LST and NDVI in Bushehr coastal lands using 3 Landsat data sets for 1990, 2005, and 2020. The mono-window algorithm was applied in deriving LST. In general, the results showed that LST is inversely related to NDVI, irrespective of any year. The presence of vegetation is the main responsible factor for high negativity. The LST-NDVI relationship varies for specific LULC types. The green area presents a strong negative (-0.80) regression. The mean LST of the study area was increased by 3.4 °C during 1990-2020. The conversion of other lands into the built-up area and bare land influences a lot on the mean LST of the city. Both the changed and unchanged built-up area and bare land suffer from the increasing trend of LST. This study can be used as a reference for land use and environmental planning on coastal land. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Evaluation of surface temperature in relation to land use/cover using remote sensing data
Behrouz Ahmadi Ardavan Ghorbani Taher Safarrad Behrouz SobhaniThis study aimed to evaluate land surface temperature in relation to vegetation and urban land use using remote sensing data within the city of Ardabil and urban margin of up to 15km radius, using 2010 Landsat TM image, after preprocessing, such as data preparation, rad MoreThis study aimed to evaluate land surface temperature in relation to vegetation and urban land use using remote sensing data within the city of Ardabil and urban margin of up to 15km radius, using 2010 Landsat TM image, after preprocessing, such as data preparation, radiometric and geometric correction, which was performed using ENVI®4.7 software. Then for measuring the surface temperature, the thermal band of an image using relevant equations for converting digital numbers to radiance and radiance to brightness temperature was used. In the next step for calculating emissivity the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) index was used and finally land use map in six classes using supervised classification method were extracted from the image. For extracting the vegetation fraction the Dimidiate model was used. To assess the accuracy of surface temperature extracted from the image, hourly data from 4 weather stations was used and to reconcile these data with each other, a simple regression equation was used. Results show that the coefficient of relationship between land surface temperature (derived from the image) and air temperature recorded at the stations was 0.79 and the correlation between recorded air temperature of stations and derived air temperature from the image was obtained 0.99. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Investigating the situation and analyzing the dimensions of superstitions of football and futsal athletes in Kerman
Elham Sadat Hosseini Moghadam Hossein Poursoltani Zarandi Reza ShajiObjective: Despite the advances in science and technology and the dominance of knowledge over human society, superstitious beliefs and behaviors still operate in different societies. Sport is one of the areas that is no exception. The tendency to superstition is a defen MoreObjective: Despite the advances in science and technology and the dominance of knowledge over human society, superstitious beliefs and behaviors still operate in different societies. Sport is one of the areas that is no exception. The tendency to superstition is a defense mechanism that arises as a result of not believing in one's abilities, the tendency to control and certainty in the future. The purpose of this study is to analyze the dimensions of superstitions in football and futsal athletes in Kerman.Methodology: The research method in terms of type and data analysis is quantitative and field survey. The statistical population of the study consists of 200 football and futsal players in Kerman, which were selected by the stratified sampling method.Results: The results of this study show that among the various dimensions of superstitious behaviors, the individual, psychological, belief and environmental dimensions have the greatest impact on creating belief and, consequently, superstitious behaviors among the athletes of Kerman.Conclusion: The dimensions of superstition are affected by different degrees of influence on athletes which are due to individual differences between research samples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - The difference between the two poets of Manuchehri's nature and Sepehri's colors in colors
naser fakhri tabs tabs eiThe color is a fundamental element of nature, and if we get the color of nature, it will not remainStaying with regard to the importance of color and its relation to nature, the comparison between the two poets of nature, Manouchehri DamaghaniThe poet Khorasani style an MoreThe color is a fundamental element of nature, and if we get the color of nature, it will not remainStaying with regard to the importance of color and its relation to nature, the comparison between the two poets of nature, Manouchehri DamaghaniThe poet Khorasani style and contemporary poet Sohrab Sepehri discuss the differences between the two poets in the application.Check color. Given the fact that the poet is basically an outspoken Khorasani style,We move away from Khorasani style poetry to a close contemporary era with totalitarianism and subjective and symbolic concepts.We face more. Since the color has long been the interest of many of the artists in the paradise of poets, the writing of this text is intended to illustrate the difference between the views of both contemporary and traditional poets by writing this article, Forcing himself to judge and share what these two poets share and disagree with. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - The indifference points in multi-criteria decision problems (case stady Evalution Supplyers in Zanjan Province Water and Wastewater Company)
Reza Radfar ARSHAD FARAHMANDIAN Mohammad Ali Afshar KazemiDecisions on the process of assessment and selection of suppliers should be made by examining all possible options, otherwise the organization will encounter many problems during the implementation and implementation phases.The purpose of the present study was to determ MoreDecisions on the process of assessment and selection of suppliers should be made by examining all possible options, otherwise the organization will encounter many problems during the implementation and implementation phases.The purpose of the present study was to determine the indifference points of assessors of the water and wastewater company in Zanjan province.The method of this study was descriptive. The data of this study is related to supplier assessment of one of the projects of the city water and wastewater company Zanjan province.The data was collected based on the views of 10 experts with at least a bachelor's degree and at least 5 years of work experience in the company based on the "supplier assessment form".The data has been analyzed using the 2014 version of MATLAB software.A total of 10 cases of matrix matched with the initial decision matrix are identified and generated separately for each method.TOPSIS-GA = 2 and TOPSIS-PSO = 3 and AHP-GA = 2 and AHP-PSO = 3. A total of 10 cases of matrix matched with the initial decision matrix are identified and generated separately for each method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - The study relationship between Transformational Leadership and organizational indifference with the role of creativity in employees (Case Study: Employees of Lorestan University)
eraj nikpay Maryam ZandkarimiPerpose: This study aimed to investigate impact Transformational Leadership and organizational indifference with the role of creativity in employees. Method: This research is of descriptive correlational study. Research community is included all employees of lorestan un MorePerpose: This study aimed to investigate impact Transformational Leadership and organizational indifference with the role of creativity in employees. Method: This research is of descriptive correlational study. Research community is included all employees of lorestan university in the year of 1396 in khorramabad city whom were 575 people. The statistical sample was 234 people. Finding: For data collection questionnaires, Transformational Leadership Bass and Avolio (2000) with alpha (0.92), organizational indifference danaeefard, hasanzadeh & salariye(1389) with alpha (0.95) and creativity Torrance (1974)with alpha (0.97) was used. For data analysis of structural equation modeling using pls was used. The results show that Transformational Leadership directly (β= -0.446) is effective on organizational indifference . Transformational Leadership directly (β= 0.426) is effective on creativity. creativity directly (β= -0.456) is effective on organizational indifference. also the impact of Transformational Leadership on organizational indifference indirectly(β= -0.446) and indirectly(β= -0.194) by mediator variable creativity (β= -0.64). Conclusion: In this regard, when the employees' creativity as a mediating variable in the equation is treated with more power. In other words it can be said that Transformational with role mediator creativity by decrease organizational indifference between employee. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - A Comparative Study of Sohrab Sepehri’s “Posht e Darya” and Constantine Cavafy’s “The City”
Sadegh Arshi Ali Takarli Human emotions universally manifest themselves in the forms of happiness and sadness. Sohran Sepehri has a poem named “Posht e Darya” in his work “Hajm e Sabz”. This poem has a resemblance to one of Constantine Cavafy’s poems named & More Human emotions universally manifest themselves in the forms of happiness and sadness. Sohran Sepehri has a poem named “Posht e Darya” in his work “Hajm e Sabz”. This poem has a resemblance to one of Constantine Cavafy’s poems named “The City”. This study takes a descriptive and analytic approach in comparing these two poems and finding their similarities and differences. In addition, this study aims to investigate which of the two poets was probably influenced by the other in writing his poem. The findings show that Cavafy wrote his poem before Sohrab Sepehri, and Sohrb was probably influenced by Cavafy when writing his poem, Posht e Daray. Sohrab’s poem is full of hope while Cavafy’s poem is full of hopelessness. Sohrab’s poem is long and spiritual while Cavafy’s poem is short and wordly. In Shorab’s poem, temporary hopelessness leads to departure; however, hopelessness in Cavafy’s poem leads to settling, growing old, etc… Contrary to Sohrab’s hope in his poem, Cavafy does not believe in hope in his poem, The City. Sohrab speaks of loneliness to remember paradise while Cavafy’s loneliness is the result of his worldly life. Contrary to the dark and frustrating atmosphere of the city, the atmosphere and wording of Posht e Darya is full of hope. The language of Sohrab’s poem is poetic and ambiguous while the language of Cavafy’s poem is colloquial and explicit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Investigating the effect of magnetic field, slope variations and wall temperature boundary conditions on the natural convection in the cavity with obstacle filled with water
mohammad nemati mohammad sefid ahmad reza rahmatiIn this article, the magnetic field effect on the natural convection heat transfer is simulated via LBM. The vertical wall of the left side of the cavity is at a constant hot temperature, while the vertical wall of the right side of the cavity has three different temper MoreIn this article, the magnetic field effect on the natural convection heat transfer is simulated via LBM. The vertical wall of the left side of the cavity is at a constant hot temperature, while the vertical wall of the right side of the cavity has three different temperature boundary conditions, 1) constant cold temperature, 2) linear temperature and 3) constant hot temperature. A lozenge-shaped obstacle located in the center of the cavity is examined in four different modes, 1) cold, 2) conducting, 3) adiabatic, and 4) hot. The bottom wall of the cavity is also evaluated in three different slopes. The results show that increasing the slope of the wall and the Rayleigh number by unchanged all the parameters leads to an increase in heat transfer. Also, changing the boundary temperature of the walls and the obstacle can affect the amount of heat transfer. In addition, increasing the strength of the magnetic field reduces the average Nusselt number, which differs in different conditions. Manuscript profile -
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62 - رابطه بیتفاوتی سازمانی و فراموشی سازمانی هدفمند در شبکه بانکی
رزان زندی عادل صلواتی -
Open Access Article
63 - بررسی عوامل موثر اقتصادی–اجتماعی بر بی تفاوتی اجتماعی دانشجویان)مورد مطالعه دانشجویان شهر اردبیل(
ایرج ساعی ارسی هادی بهاری -
Open Access Article
64 - مقایسهی بی تفاوتی سازمانی دبیران آموزش وپرورش بستان آباد بر اساس سبکهای رهبری عاملیت وخادمیت مدیران آنان
طاهره گلشانی جهانگیر یاری -
Open Access Article
65 - بررسی تفاوت نسلی)مادران و دختران(در استفاده از رسانه های ارتباط جمعی)ماهواره واینترنت(و آگاهی نسبت به هویت جنسیتی
معصومه قهرمانی سلیمان میرزایی راجعونی ایرج ساعی ارسی -
Open Access Article
66 - Investigate the consequences of young tendency toward the have multiple relationships whit different sexes
zahra khavaninzade ebrahim naeimi Kiomars farahbakhshThe aim of this study was to explain the consequences of young tendency to have multiple relationships with the opposite sex. To understand the experience of the participants, this research was conducted using a qualitative method of contextual theory. The statistical p MoreThe aim of this study was to explain the consequences of young tendency to have multiple relationships with the opposite sex. To understand the experience of the participants, this research was conducted using a qualitative method of contextual theory. The statistical population was single girls and boys aged 25 to 35 years old living in Tehran in 1396, from which 24 people (13 girls and 11 boys) were selected by purposive sampling method until information saturation. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were used to collect data and data analysis was performed by Colaizzi method (open coding, axial coding, selective coding). The research findings indicate that the most important consequences of multiple relationships with the opposite sex from the perspective of people involved in such relationships are: positive function, instability and ambiguity in the main relationship in the future, reduced interpersonal function, High-risk marriages, emotional and physical injuries, and physical injuries. According to the present study, the consequences of such relationships can be concluded that the multiplicity of relationships causes a lot of internal and interpersonal damage that ultimately leads to family inefficiency and poor quality of communication in the family. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - The relationship between intuitive, intuitive and visual-verbal learning styles with computer anxiety in undergraduate students
taleb zandi darush noruziThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between (intuitive - intuitive and visual - verbal) learning styles with computer anxiety in undergraduate students Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University. The statistical MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between (intuitive - intuitive and visual - verbal) learning styles with computer anxiety in undergraduate students Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University. The statistical society of this study was all of the Undergraduate students of Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University. For sampling in this study, multi-stage cluster sampling was used. Sample size in this study was 310 student. Measurement tools in this research include learning styles questionnaire Felder -Silverman and computer anxiety was Hansen and colleagues. This research data using descriptive and inferential statistics were analyzed. The results indicated that there exists a relationship between students computer anxiety and learning styles. There also exists a relationship between sensory learning styles - intuitive and computer anxiety. Students with verbal learning style,have a higher computer anxiety than students with visual style. There is a relationship between gender and computer anxiety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Investigating human relation indices among teachers
ahmad valipour ensiyah mahmoujanloThe purpose of present research is to study the extent to which human relations indeices are used by high school teachers as judged by female students. Of 434 students, a sample of 205was selected by stratified random sampling method. The study is a descriptive re MoreThe purpose of present research is to study the extent to which human relations indeices are used by high school teachers as judged by female students. Of 434 students, a sample of 205was selected by stratified random sampling method. The study is a descriptive research. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire with four dimensions and 28 questions. The validity of the questionnaire was approved by the experts and the reliability of the research was calculated to be 0.867.The results showed that on average the four indexes of communication ability , needs and talent perception , personal differences perception and mental health were higher than average. It can be said that the human relations indexes among teachers in high schools in Galugah are in favorable situation Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Indifferent points in the multicriteria decision making problems
Arshad Farahmandian Reza Radfar MohammadAli Afshar KazemiThe process of evaluating and selecting suppliers should be done by examining all possible options and scenarios for each contractor, otherwise the organization will face a lot of difficulties in the implementation and implementation phase of the commitments. The purpos MoreThe process of evaluating and selecting suppliers should be done by examining all possible options and scenarios for each contractor, otherwise the organization will face a lot of difficulties in the implementation and implementation phase of the commitments. The purpose of this study was to determine the indifference points of the suppliers of gas companies in Zanjan province.This study is descriptive. The data of this study is related to the evaluation of suppliers of Zanjan province gas company projects. The data was collected based on the views of 10 experts with at least a bachelor's degree and at least 5 years of work experience in the company based on the "supplier assessment form". The data has been analyzed using the 2014 version of MATLAB software.A total of 6 items of matrix matched with the initial decision matrix are identified and generated for each method.TOPSIS-GA = 2 and TOPSIS-PSO = 3 and AHP-GA = 2 and AHP-PSO = 3. From the results of the ranking of options, the third-party contractor has ranked first among the other options. Depending on the indeterminate matrices identified, different scenarios are set for the third contractor. Considering the company's budget and expectations that are more in line with the fourth indifference point (OUT PUT-5-AHP-PSO), the third contractor is being asked to strengthen his capabilities so that he will succeed in the contract with his chance for future cooperation. Increase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Influence of marriage preparation programme instruction on couples communication beliefs
Javad Khalatbari Shohreh Ghorbanshiroudi Zahra MadiuonThe present research designed and implemented with the goal of study of marriage preparation programme instruction influence on the couples communication beliefs of 300 couples that had referred to Kermanshah’s health center for pre-marriage consultation, 40 perso MoreThe present research designed and implemented with the goal of study of marriage preparation programme instruction influence on the couples communication beliefs of 300 couples that had referred to Kermanshah’s health center for pre-marriage consultation, 40 persons (20 males and 20 females) who had got the highest score in the communication beliefs (the accepted score should be mentioned) in comparison to other group members were selected and in the next steps, this 40-member group was divided randomly into two groups of control (comparison group is a more appropriate word) and experiment. That constituted 20 persons of experimental group and 20 persons of control group and the experimental group has been participated instruction classes of marriage preparation programme. After finishing of instruction classes of the marriage preparation programme, again inventory of the communication beliefs performed as a post-test. Collected data has been used by covariance analysis test to examine variation in unreasonable beliefs. Obtained result of first hypothesis showed that instruction of the marriage preparation programme is effective in changing couples communication beliefs, and generally unreasonable communication beliefs have been decreased meaningfully. According to the second hypothesis, instruction of the marriage preparation programme has been effective in variation of married male’s communication beliefs. In the third hypothesis also this point was confirmed that instruction of the marriage preparation programme has been effective in variation of the couple’s communication beliefs, in belief component to ruin disagreement. Also the fifth hypothesis confirm that instruction of the marriage preparation programme is effective in changing of the couples communication beliefs, in the belief component to exchangeability of a spouse. And the sixth hypothesis results suggested that instruction of the marriage preparation programme is effective in changing couples communication beliefs in the component of reading mind expectation. And eighth hypothesis is based on the effect that instruction of the marriage preparation programme is effective in changing of the couples communication beliefs about generic differences, no meaningful changes have be seen in the post-test, so these two hypotheses were not confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Reasons and explanations of Mashhadian girls and women of their choice and form of coverage
Gholamreza sadig Mostafa ganizadhWomen’s coverage as a social choice has a historical significance in Iranian society This case has been discussed in recent years. The purpose of the present study has been to find out the Mashhadi women and girls’ reasons in their selectio MoreWomen’s coverage as a social choice has a historical significance in Iranian society This case has been discussed in recent years. The purpose of the present study has been to find out the Mashhadi women and girls’ reasons in their selection of their coverage. achieve this goal, the methodology of grounded theory has been used. In this study , 29 Mashhadian women were interviewed. The results are presented in the form of three impressions titled: The spectrum of Women's Coverage, Women's Subjective Principles on Coverage, and Discrepancy in the Meaning of Coverage. This article explains the most influential cases in women 's personal choices such as Personal favorites, Spouse's comments, Media Influence, Autonomous fashion, Recreational requirements, being attractive for men, etc. and also social factors and women's mentality about their coverage and others, and it has been shown that there is no fixed norm or no common overlapping mentality. This can lead to many social issues. It was also found that women had two types of mental principles about their coverage. Bringing some nakedness to the ground and concealing reasons or causes for being worn. And some other bringing worn to the ground and concealing reasons or causes for reducing their coverage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Gender Differences between Participation in Public Sports and the Quality of Life of the Elderly in Tehran
Setare Azadi Seyed Saeed Aghaei Bahram GhadimiThe population of the elderly in Iran is on the rise and the study of the health and disease status of these citizens indicates that they suffer from noncommunicable and chronic diseases which makes health-oriented preventive measures indispensable .This study is conduc MoreThe population of the elderly in Iran is on the rise and the study of the health and disease status of these citizens indicates that they suffer from noncommunicable and chronic diseases which makes health-oriented preventive measures indispensable .This study is conducted to considerr the importance of health-oriented practices such as public sports in this age group and with the aim of investigating gender differences between participation in public sports and quality of life of the elders in Tehran. elders cover 7.8% of the total population in Tehran. In this survey, 400 old men and women were selected as the sample size. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The samples were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling from 22 districts of Tehran. The results show that the quality of life index of these two sexes participating in public sports is moderate, although the percentage of women with lower quality of life is higher than men and the percentage of men with higher quality of life is higher.A study of gender differences in the relationship between different dimensions of quality of life variable with the participation of the elderly in public sports shows that between the two variables dimension of social relationship satisfaction and role status (below quality of life index) with the variable of participation in public sports between women and. There is no correspondence between men and women participating in public sports; however, the qualities of life of the elderly of both sexes from all aspects show a strong relationship with participation in public sports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Historical Explanation of the Impact of Anomalies on the Temperaments of Iranians Emphasizing Social Indifference Case example: Students of the Azad University of Bushehr
Kaveh Haghparast Gholamreza Jafarinia Reza DashtiThe purpose of the current research is to explain the historical impact of social anomalies on the moods of Iranians with an emphasis on social apathy (case example: Bushehr Azad University students). The current research method was applied in terms of purpose and in th MoreThe purpose of the current research is to explain the historical impact of social anomalies on the moods of Iranians with an emphasis on social apathy (case example: Bushehr Azad University students). The current research method was applied in terms of purpose and in the field of correlation type and in terms of tools, it was a survey. In this research, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to examine the variables. In order to analyse the data, Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise regression test and significance level (P<0.05) were used. The findings showed that there is a significant inverse relationship between the social background and the emotional dimension of social apathy. The findings showed that there is a significant inverse relationship between the social background and the emotional dimension of social apathy. Also, there is a significant inverse relationship between economic background and emotional and cognitive dimensions affecting the historical explanation of social apathy. Also, there is a significant inverse relationship between cultural and political background with emotional and behavioural dimensions affecting the historical explanation of social apathy. Also, there is a significant inverse relationship between cultural and political background with emotional and behavioural dimensions affecting the historical explanation of social apathy. The results of the present research show that the more the attention and awareness of students towards sociological factors affecting the historical explanation of social apathy increases, the level of social apathy among them will decrease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - A comparative study of the role and function of fathers in family and satisfaction of their situation
Zahra Ghasemi Family is one of the most important institutions of society and father as important member of family has effective function in three levels of social system of family (macro, micro and middle level). This paper aims to recognize the main factors that influence f More Family is one of the most important institutions of society and father as important member of family has effective function in three levels of social system of family (macro, micro and middle level). This paper aims to recognize the main factors that influence fathers' disapproval of his role in the family. The research is descriptive and explanatory and 500 fathers living in Tehran with at least one child who are not married were interviewed. Sampling method is classification of probability and the theoretical framework of the study has been developed in three levels of median, macro and micro. Using a Durkheim, Weber and Marx theories the following variables are studied: changing in division of labor, father’s dependency to parents, changing of father’s practical tasks, generational differences between father and children, educational, age and job differences between women and men, patriarchy, the power of women. In micro sociological level, allegiance of women and the father’s assumption of his role in family are recognized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Investigating attitudes of students of Islamic Azad University (District 13) towards their differences in social values with their parents on family and marriage issues
Davood Ebrahim PoorThis research aims to understand the differences in the attitudes of students and parents about the family values and marriage from students' point of view. In this paper, survey and descriptive research methods are applied and a questionnaire is the tool of collecting MoreThis research aims to understand the differences in the attitudes of students and parents about the family values and marriage from students' point of view. In this paper, survey and descriptive research methods are applied and a questionnaire is the tool of collecting data. The population consisted of students in departments and centers of Islamic Azad University (District 13) during academic year of 2014-2015, estimated to be 96000 students. According to research results, there exists a difference between the attitude of the students and their parents about the characteristics of a good spouse, how to select spouse, the right age of marriage, the age difference between males and females in marriage, dating before marriage, the importance of parental consent for marriage, the reception of comments and advices provided by parents after marriage, the importance of parental consent for marriage, thinking on the kinds of authority in family, importance of children in the family, desired number of children and desire to visit family members after marriage. There is no difference between students and their parents in their attitudes towards an appropriate place to live after marriage, desired children gender and women employment outside the home. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - رابطه بین تحمل ابهام و صحت دستوری گفتار کار-مدار زبان آموزان ایرانی
فرید خوش لحن حسینی زهره سیفوریاخیرا تفاوتهای فردی گوناگون از جمله تحمل ابهام به دلیل تاثیری که بر فرآیند و دستاوردهای آموزش و از آن طریق بر جنبه های متفاوت سیستم زبان میانه از جمله صحت دستوری آن دارند مورد توجه قرار گرفته اند. هدف تحقیق حاضر بررسی میزان رابطه معنادار بین تحمل ابهام زبان آموزان ایران Moreاخیرا تفاوتهای فردی گوناگون از جمله تحمل ابهام به دلیل تاثیری که بر فرآیند و دستاوردهای آموزش و از آن طریق بر جنبه های متفاوت سیستم زبان میانه از جمله صحت دستوری آن دارند مورد توجه قرار گرفته اند. هدف تحقیق حاضر بررسی میزان رابطه معنادار بین تحمل ابهام زبان آموزان ایرانی و صحت دستوری گفتار کار-مدار آنان بوده است. برای دستیابی به این هدف، نمونه تصادفی شامل 60 زبان آموز ایران مشغول به تحصیل در آموزشگاه زبان انگلیسی پکاه از جامعه آماری 150 نفری انتخاب شد. میزان تحمل ابهام آزمودنی ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه تحمل ابهام در زبان دوم (الی، 1994) و صحت دستوری گفتار آنان با استفاده از یک کار توصیف تصویری مورد سنجش قرار گرفت. تحلیل همبستگی داده های تحقیق نشان داد که زبان آموزان گفتاری ناصحیح تولید نمودند که به میزان متوسط و معنادار با میزان تحمل ابهام آنان همبستگی داشت. نتایج ضرورت شناسایی تحمل ابهام زبان آموزان را مورد تاکید قرار می دهد و کاربردهای آموزشی این سنجش را به بحث می گذارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - مطالعه بین فرهنگی تکرار پذیری حرکت متنی-کارکردی در بخشهای بحث مقالات پژوهشی علوم نرم
کیمیا سلطانی داوود کوهی نسرین حدیدی تمجیدمطالعه حاضربا هدف بررسی اینکه آیا تکرار پذیری حرکتهای متنی-کارکردی گزارش نتایج و توضیح در مورد نتایج در بخشهای بحث مقالات تحت تأثیر تغییرات فرهنگی/رشته ای قرارمی گیرد یا خیر شکل گرفت. بدین منظور ، ۶۰۰ مقاله پژوهشی در شش رشته علوم نرم، از جمله اقتصاد، جامعه شناسی، زبانشن Moreمطالعه حاضربا هدف بررسی اینکه آیا تکرار پذیری حرکتهای متنی-کارکردی گزارش نتایج و توضیح در مورد نتایج در بخشهای بحث مقالات تحت تأثیر تغییرات فرهنگی/رشته ای قرارمی گیرد یا خیر شکل گرفت. بدین منظور ، ۶۰۰ مقاله پژوهشی در شش رشته علوم نرم، از جمله اقتصاد، جامعه شناسی، زبانشناسی کاربردی، زبانشناسی، مدیریت و روانشناسی، با تعداد مساوی در هر رشته و فرهنگ ، در بازه زمانی ۲۰۱۸-۲۰۰۶، انتخاب شد. از مدل تجزیه حرکتی (۱۹۹۰) Buker و Weissberg برای تحلیل مقالات استفاده شد. ابتدا حرکتهای گزارش نتایج و توضیح در مورد نتایج در بخشهای نتایج مقالات مشخص شد. سپس با استفاده از آزمون خیدو، فراوانی تکرارآنها در بخشهای بحث در بین فرهنگها ورشته ها محاسبه و مقایسه شد. نتایج تحلیل داده ها نشان داد که تغییردررشته یا محل فرهنگی اجتماعی منجر به تغییر درتکراردو حرکت مورد مطالعه نمی شود. با توجه به اینکه مطالعه حاضر چارچوب نسبتاً جدیدی برای بررسی دقیق گفتمان علمی فراهم می کند ، ممکن است پیامدهای آموزشی خاصی برای دانشجویان بومی وغیربومی در رشته های علوم نرم، محققان، مدرسان و طراحا ن دوره انگلیسی برای اهداف دانشگاهی وانگلیسی برای اهداف خاص نوید دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - The Existence Requirements of Lesion Option
fakhroddin Asgahri Sam Mohammadi Sam Mohammadi Zahra MostafaviLesion is a serious imbalance about the value of the considerations in a contract. Aggrieved lesion can terminate the transaction. The following three conditions are necessary for the realization of lesion option: the contract is to be bilateral, the economic imbalances MoreLesion is a serious imbalance about the value of the considerations in a contract. Aggrieved lesion can terminate the transaction. The following three conditions are necessary for the realization of lesion option: the contract is to be bilateral, the economic imbalances at the time the contract was concluded and the ignorance of swindle. Some jurists have identified the criteria for gross lesion, but, according to the famous jurists that followed by the Iranian Civil Code the usage and custom may discern it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - The Comparison of Gender Differences in Athletic Students’ Sports Participation Motivation
Mozhgan Piri Saeid Ahar Ahmad MahmoudiThe aim of this study was to compare the sexual differences in athletic students’ sporting participation motivation. It was a descriptive - comparative field study. The population of this study was the students who participated in girls and boys’ sports even MoreThe aim of this study was to compare the sexual differences in athletic students’ sporting participation motivation. It was a descriptive - comparative field study. The population of this study was the students who participated in girls and boys’ sports events of high schools of Khorasan Razavi province in 2011. For this purpose, 589 boy and girl students were selected as the sample, using stratified Taxonomy sampling method. To collect the data, Gill et al, s question was used and to analyze the data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) and Mann-Whitney analyses were conducted. The findings revealed there are significant differences between girls and boys in motivation for sport participation (P≤0.001). Also, the results showed significant differences in motivational factors including success, preparedness, relief of energy, finding friends and fun between the girls and boys(P<0.001). No difference was observed in the components of the atmospheric group, situational factors and skill development (P≤0.001). In all of the components except skill development, motivation to participate in was higher among girls as compared to boys. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - The Role of Empowering and Preventive Organizational Structures in Organizational Indifference
Abdolkarim Ghazifar Jafar Torkzadeh Seyed Aliakbar Nilipoour TabatabaeiThe present enquiry explored the extent to which potential professional motivation at various empowering and preventive organizational structures can affect organizational indifference among faculty members and employees at different branches of Islamic Azad University, MoreThe present enquiry explored the extent to which potential professional motivation at various empowering and preventive organizational structures can affect organizational indifference among faculty members and employees at different branches of Islamic Azad University, Kohgiloyeh and Boier Ahmad Branch. A descriptive survey design was adopted to conduct the study and the research data were gleaned via direct observation, interview and library research tools. The research population comprised 334 faculty members and 452 employees at various branches of Islamic Azad University in Kohgiloyeh and Boier Ahmad Province during the academic year of 2014-2015. A random sample of 400 participants were selected using relative stratified sampling procedure. The accumulated research data were analysed using SPSS and AMOS software and Baron and Kenny’s (1986) Structural Equation Modelling. The findings revealed that potential motivation أخساشاقcan promote cheerful working atmosphere, enhance satisfaction and respect for and compliance with workplace rules and regulations, reduce employee absence and increased personal endeavor to achieve organizational goals and implement organizational policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - بررسی رابطه بین میزان بیگانگی اجتماعی و میزان بیتفاوتی اجتماعی در بین دانشجویان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مشهد
احمد فولادیاناین مقاله برگرفته از یک طرح پژوهشی تحت عنوان «بررسی رابطه بین میزان بیگانگی اجتماعی و میزان بی تفاوتی اجتماعی» میباشد. که به لحاظ هدف از نوع تحقیقات کاربردی و به لحاظ ماهیت از نوع تحقیقات توصیفی همبستگی میباشد. این مطالعه به صورت پیمایشی و با روش نمونهگیری تصادفی طبق Moreاین مقاله برگرفته از یک طرح پژوهشی تحت عنوان «بررسی رابطه بین میزان بیگانگی اجتماعی و میزان بی تفاوتی اجتماعی» میباشد. که به لحاظ هدف از نوع تحقیقات کاربردی و به لحاظ ماهیت از نوع تحقیقات توصیفی همبستگی میباشد. این مطالعه به صورت پیمایشی و با روش نمونهگیری تصادفی طبقهبندی در بین 366 نفر از دانشجویان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مشهد انجام شده است. متغیر میزان بیگانگی اجتماعی با مؤلفههای (احساس بیقدرتی، احساس بیهنجاری، احساس بیمعنایی، انزوای اجتماعی، تنفر از خود و تنفر فرهنگی) و متغیر میزان بیتفاوتی اجتماعی با مؤلفههای(بیتفاوتی نسبت به موضوعات اجتماعی-سیاسی و نسبت به فعالیتهای علمی-دانشگاهی) با پرسشنامه محقق ساخته مورد سنجش قرار گرفته است. میزان پایایی سؤالات 84/0 میباشد. نتایج یافتههای تحقیق نشان داد میانگین نمره میزان بیگانگی اجتماعی دانشجویان، در بازه (بالاترین5 و پایینترین1) حدود 6/2 و نمره میزان بیتفاوتی اجتماعی حدود 4/2 میباشد. بین بیگانگی اجتماعی و مؤلفههای آن و بیتفاوتی اجتماعی دانشجویان رابطه وجود دارد (مقدار ضریب همبستگی اسپیرمن بیگانگیاجتماعی(574/0)، بیقدرتی(493/0)، بیهنجاری(473/0)، انزوای اجتماعی(397/0)، بیمعنایی(324/0)، تنفر فرهنگی(439/0) و تنفر از خود(304/0) میباشد. مقایسه میانگینها نشان میدهد به طور نسبی نمرات میزان بیگانگی و بیتفاوتی اجتماعی دانشجویان در بین دانشجویان دانشکدههای معماری، هنر، فنی و مهندسی نسبت به سایر دانشکدهها بیشتر است. رگرسیون چندگانه نشان میدهد که مؤلفههای بیگانگی اجتماعی به تنهایی 40 درصد از کل تغییرات متغیر بیتفاوتی اجتماعی را توجیه میکند و مابقی، سهم سایر متغیرهاست. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Variation bioactive metabolites of Tanacetum parthenium L. in two regions in North of Iran.
معصومه Mazandarani gh Naseri mb RezaeiTanacetum parthenium L. is one of the most important medicinal herbs, has been used by the rural people of Golestan province for sedative pain, fever, headache, arthritis, asthma, toothache and menstrual disorders.Variation in bioactive components of Tanacetum partheniu MoreTanacetum parthenium L. is one of the most important medicinal herbs, has been used by the rural people of Golestan province for sedative pain, fever, headache, arthritis, asthma, toothache and menstrual disorders.Variation in bioactive components of Tanacetum parthenium L. were studied and compared for their essential oil, flavonoids and alkaloids of different parts of plant in two geographical regions of this province. Results showed T. parthenium which originated from 2200m produced the highest essential oils, flavonoids and alkaloids, especially in leaves but with low quality and quantities and reduced in flowers. Further more stem have not any bioactive components in two regions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Explaining the effective factors on Islamic moral intelligence and its effect on organizational apathy of the staff of Khorasan Razavi General Department of Environmental Protection
Laleh Masoomian Davod Kaveh Yaser Salary Samaneh Mehdizadeh Mehdi Mohammad bagheriThe purpose of this study is to explain the factors affecting Islamic moral intelligence and its effection organizational indifference of the staff of the General Department of Environmental Protection of Khorasan Razavi.In the process of conducting this research qualit MoreThe purpose of this study is to explain the factors affecting Islamic moral intelligence and its effection organizational indifference of the staff of the General Department of Environmental Protection of Khorasan Razavi.In the process of conducting this research qualitative and quantitative methods have been used. In the framework of the qualitative method after conducting Delphi interviews with experts some of the most important indicators related to Islamic moral intelligence and the factors affecting it and organizational indifference were identified in Department. After designing the concept model based on the desired indicators, the quantitative process began in the form of a survey method. The statistical population of the quantitative section is all the employees of this Department , about 450 people, 207 of whom were selected by simple random sampling. The research tool is researcher-made questionnaires that were validated using content validity by face validity method and internal consistency by Cronbach's alpha method. The data analysis method was structural equation modeling using Amos 23 modeling software.Findings showed that the variable of Islamic moral intelligence with a coefficient of -0.62 had a significant effect on organizational indifference of the staff . Also the variable of internal factors (innate) with a coefficient of 0.82 and the variable of external factors (educational) with a coefficient of -0.07 have an effect on Islamic moral intelligence.The result is that the designed model is the best effective model for investigating factors affecting Islamic moral intelligence and its effect on the organizational indifference of employees. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Dynamics between Macroeconomic Variables and the Core Inflation Gap with the MIDAS-VAR Approach
Amir Mansour Tehranchian MirHosssein Mousavi Zahramila Elmi Zahra KashanianThe wide scope of influence and effectiveness has turned inflation into one of the most important subjects of empirical studies as well as one of the main axes of policy making. In addition to the causes and effects of inflation, some economists have paid attention to t MoreThe wide scope of influence and effectiveness has turned inflation into one of the most important subjects of empirical studies as well as one of the main axes of policy making. In addition to the causes and effects of inflation, some economists have paid attention to the inflation index. Based on this, current inflation is not considered a suitable indicator for policy making and modeling due to high fluctuations. On the other hand, core inflation as a stable component of current inflation is a more suitable indicator for economic policies due to its stability. In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of macroeconomic variables and inflation core gap using SVAR method, n Iran's economy in the period of1998-2021. The momentum of oil price fluctuations and liquidity do not have a significant impact on the core inflation gap. The core inflation gap is most influenced by currency impulses and its own fluctuations, which shows the impact of inflation expectations on the formation of core inflation; According to the findings of the research, it is suggested to control exchange rate fluctuations and target core inflation in order to control inflationary expectations.The results show that the core inflation index has been more stable compared to the inflation rate and exchange rate fluctuations have the greatest impact on the core inflation gap. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - The Reasons of Differences Between the Wages of Large Industries in Iran
hamid kordbacheh Ali souriBased on the efficiency of wage hypothesis, this paper examines the determinants of wage dispersion of large manufacturing industries using a panel of 4-digit ISIC data during the period of 1998-2007 in Iran. The findings explain that there is a significant difference b MoreBased on the efficiency of wage hypothesis, this paper examines the determinants of wage dispersion of large manufacturing industries using a panel of 4-digit ISIC data during the period of 1998-2007 in Iran. The findings explain that there is a significant difference between wages in the sampled data. By eliminating the effects of individual measured and firm characteristics such as gender, education, expert, experience, efficiency, firm size and so on. The differences in wages have remained significant yet. The results confirm the efficiency of wage theory, in which the wages dispersion cannot merely attribute to labor force characteristics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - The Relationship between Learning Styles (Active- Reflective and Sequential-Holistic) and Computer Anxiety in Undergraduate Students
Taleb ZandiThe purpose of this study was the investigation of the relationship between learning styles (active- reflective and sequential-holistic) and computer anxiety in undergraduate students of faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabaee University. To d MoreThe purpose of this study was the investigation of the relationship between learning styles (active- reflective and sequential-holistic) and computer anxiety in undergraduate students of faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabaee University. To do so, a sample of 310 students was selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. Measurement tools in this research included Felder - Soloman learning styles questionnaire (1999) and Heinsen and colleagues computer anxiety questionnaire (1987). The research data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics (mean, frequency, standard deviation, independent t test, and point biserial correlation coefficient) and the following results were obtained: There was a significant relationship between active-reflective learning style and students' computer anxiety, i.e., students with reflective learning style had more anxiety than those with active style. There was also significant relationship between sequential-holistic learning style and computer anxiety, so that students with holistic learning style had a higher computer anxiety than those with sequential learning style. There was no significant relationship between gender and computer anxiety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - The Impact of E-Content Based on Gardner's Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Intelligences on Students Learning
Elahe Badie Mehran FarajollahiThe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of e-content based on Gardner's intrapersonal ‎and interpersonal intelligences on students learning. In this quasi-experimental applied research, the pre-test - post-test with control group method was conducted in MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of e-content based on Gardner's intrapersonal ‎and interpersonal intelligences on students learning. In this quasi-experimental applied research, the pre-test - post-test with control group method was conducted in the academic year of 2012- 2013. Sixty third grade computer students of vocational ‎schools in Isfahan participated in this study. They were selected through multistage cluster sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. Background characteristics and ‎profiles of multiple intelligences were measured in both groups via Mackenzie questionnaire and homogeneity of the two groups was ‎evaluated. Cronbach's alpha reliability of this instrument was calculated 0.738. Both groups (experimental and control) were trained same lessons in 8 sessions (each 70 minutes) in conventional method. Students of experimental group used a researcher-made e-content for learning, beside the conventional method, in ‎their class. In both groups the same pre-test and post-test were ‎performed. Multivariate covariance ‎analysis revealed that learning achievements in the group trained with the e-content based on ‎intrapersonal intelligence was significantly higher than the control group, but in method based on ‎interpersonal intelligence, there was no significant difference between the learning achievements of ‎the two groups.‎ Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - بررسی مهارت های نوبت گیری در یک دوره کلاس هم زمان آنلاین: موارد بررسی جنسیت و سطح زبان آموزان
عزیزه چالاک مهراد کریمیسیستم مهارت نوبت گیری زبان آموزان به دلیل تغییر ناگهانی کلاس های سنتی حضوری به یادگیری مجازی در طول همه گیری کوید 19 تحت تأثیر قرار گرفته است. هدف از این مطالعه به دست آوردن درک دقیق تر از مهارت نوبت گیری دانش آموزان و معلمان در طول تعاملاتشان بود. دادهها از رونوشتهای Moreسیستم مهارت نوبت گیری زبان آموزان به دلیل تغییر ناگهانی کلاس های سنتی حضوری به یادگیری مجازی در طول همه گیری کوید 19 تحت تأثیر قرار گرفته است. هدف از این مطالعه به دست آوردن درک دقیق تر از مهارت نوبت گیری دانش آموزان و معلمان در طول تعاملاتشان بود. دادهها از رونوشتهای صوتی 55 دانشآموز دو کلاس درس زبان انگلیسی متوسط و دو کلاس پیشرفته که بر روی پلتفرم زوم برگزار شده بودند، جمعآوری شد. پس از جمعآوری دادهها، از طریق نسخه اصلاحشده ساکس، شگلوف و مدل جفرسون رونویسی و با استفاده از آزمونهای مجذور کای توسط نرمافزار SPSS مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که معلمان نقش بیشتری در نوبت دهی به دانش آموزان خود داشته اند. علاوه بر این، دانشآموزان پسر نوبت بیشتری میگرفتند و تفاوت معناداری در سیستم نوبتگیری زبانآموزان متوسط و پیشرفته زبان انگلیسی وجود داشت. بنابراین، هم جنسیت و هم سطح مهارت بر الگوهای نوبت دهی در کلاس های آنلاین تأثیر گذاشت. نتایج ممکن است به افزایش آگاهی معلمان نسبت به الگوهای ترجیحی نوبت گیری در یک کلاس درس همزمان مجازی کمک کند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - مقایسه متون سیاسی ترجمه شده و اصل با تأکید بر فرضیه ساده سازی
احمد علی بابایی زهرا صالحیدر این مطالعه فرضیه ساده سازی - به عنوان یکی از ویژگی های عمومی ترجمه – در متون سیاسی ترجمه شده به فارسی و متون اصلی فارسی که قابل قیاس با آن متون میباشند، مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. متون نامبرده از لحاظ تراکم واژگان، ضریب تعداد کلمات متفاوت در متن و میانگین طول ج Moreدر این مطالعه فرضیه ساده سازی - به عنوان یکی از ویژگی های عمومی ترجمه – در متون سیاسی ترجمه شده به فارسی و متون اصلی فارسی که قابل قیاس با آن متون میباشند، مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. متون نامبرده از لحاظ تراکم واژگان، ضریب تعداد کلمات متفاوت در متن و میانگین طول جملات مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. بدین منظور از سه کتاب سیاسی ترجمه شده به فارسی و از سه کتاب سیاسی اصلی به زبان فارسی ، سیصد پاراگراف به طور تصادفی انتخاب و برای هر یک از پاراگراف های انتخاب شده تراکم واژگان، ضریب تعداد کلمات متفاوت در متن و میانگین طول جملات به طور جداگانه با استفاده از نرم افزار AntConc 3.2.0w محاسبه شد. سپس با استفاده از آزمون T-test ارزش تفاوت میان میانگین اعداد از لحاظ آماری مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.تحلیل داده ها نشان داد که تراکم واژگان و ضریب تعداد کلمات متفاوت در متون سیلسی ترجمه شده بالاتر از متون اصلی می باشد. اما میانگین طول جملات در متون ترجمه شده کمتر از متون اصلی است . یافته های کلی این مطالعه ، اعتبار فرضیه ساده سازی را با نشان دادن اینکه تراکم واژگان و ضریب تعداد کلمات متفاوت در متون سیاسی ترجمه شده ممکن است پایین تر از متون اصلی نباشد، محدود و مورد چالش قرار داد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - نوشتار بحث آکادمیک توسط فراگیران زبان انگلیسی بعنوان زبان دوم: تفاوتهای جنسیتی
عباس زارعی شینا کواردر یکی از روندهای تحقیقاتی در مهارت نوشتن در زبان دوم، مطالعه ویژگی های زبانشناختی نوشتار زنان و مردان به عنوان هدفی مهم تلقی می گردد و درک تفاوتهای جنسیتی در یادگیری و بکارگیری این مهارت در چارچوب بافت اجتماعی و فرهنگی نظام های آموزشی به درک بهتر مهارت نوشتن در زبان دو Moreدر یکی از روندهای تحقیقاتی در مهارت نوشتن در زبان دوم، مطالعه ویژگی های زبانشناختی نوشتار زنان و مردان به عنوان هدفی مهم تلقی می گردد و درک تفاوتهای جنسیتی در یادگیری و بکارگیری این مهارت در چارچوب بافت اجتماعی و فرهنگی نظام های آموزشی به درک بهتر مهارت نوشتن در زبان دوم و یاددهی و یاد گیری آن کمک می کند. هدف از انجام این تحقیق بررسی تفاوتهای جنسیتی در ویژگیهای زبانشناختی، لغوی و گفتمانی نوشتار دانشجویان مرد و زن در رشته زبان انگلیسی بعنوان زبان دوم (خارجی) بود. بررسی عمقی نمونه های نوشتاری حدود 100 نفر با روش تحلیل گفتمان و روش تحلیل لغات تفاوتهای زبانشناختی، لغوی و گفتمانی بین نوشتار زنان و مردان را آشکار ساخت و از جمله نشان داد که زنان در سازمان دهی ایده ها و بیان جسورانه نظر شخصی از مردان ضعیف تر عمل می کنند. این یافته ها در چارچوب بافت اجتماعی و فرهنگی و با لحاظ روندهای تحقیقاتی در مهارت نوشتن در زبان دوم مورد بحث قرار گرفته اند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Sociological study of the role of social networks on social indifference Case study :(citizens of districts 1 and2 of Tehran in 1398)
ehsan jamshidzadeh Majid kaffashi Khalil mirzaei,Social indifference is a situation in which individuals avoid social-political participation, social responsibility, altruistic activities, and active and civic engagement in social issues by ignoring the facts surrounding them. The aim of this study was to investigate MoreSocial indifference is a situation in which individuals avoid social-political participation, social responsibility, altruistic activities, and active and civic engagement in social issues by ignoring the facts surrounding them. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between social networks and social indifference. The variables of the present study were social networks (amount and variety of use), altruistic attitude and behavior, civic attitude and behavior and social indifference. The statistical population of the study was the citizens of regions 1 and 2 of Tehran, who were selected as the sample using cluster sampling. In the theoretical framework of the research, optimistic, pessimistic and moderate views and theories of theorists such as Marx, Weber and Merton were used to explain the relationship between social indifference and social networks. The results of the study showed that the rate of indifference is moderate to high And among the variables of altruistic attitude, altruistic behavior, civic attitude, civic behavior, diversity of use of social networks, the rate of use of social networks, contextual variables (age, gender, socio-economic status), social solidarity and indifference There is a social relationship. Among these, social solidarity as an intermediary variable has been the most important in explaining social indifference. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Investigating the social factors affecting the development of Tabriz city with a qualitative approach
atefeh mohammmadi mohammad abbaszadeh mohammad bagher alizadeh aghdam fatemeh gholabiToday, achieving development is one of the goals of all countries. However, studies show that the city of Tabriz has a long way to go to achieve development. The purpose of this article is to identify social concepts related to development in the city of Tabriz. The met MoreToday, achieving development is one of the goals of all countries. However, studies show that the city of Tabriz has a long way to go to achieve development. The purpose of this article is to identify social concepts related to development in the city of Tabriz. The method used in this research is qualitative and data-driven strategy. The sample of this research includes 45 development specialists and city officials with executive positions. The sampling method was purposive. Research findings showed; 5 social concepts that have a great impact on the development of the city of Tabriz are: "disruption in the channels of socialization", "erosion of social trust", "weak social and political convergence", "weak interaction between parties and intermediary groups with the people" And "the spread of social indifference." Finally, "Weakness of social governance (dysfunction of the social subsystem)" was selected as the core of the research. The findings of this study are consistent with the theories of Giddens, McLeland, Lipst, Hagen and North and the findings of experimental research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Study of social and cultural contexts affecting indifference to addiction using foundation data strategy (Case study: Students of Islamic Azad University of Kerman in 1400)
alireza sanatkhah سپیده حضرتیBackground and purpose: In addition to the problem of drug addiction, the indifference of citizens towards this social problem is one of the main concerns of our society. Methodology: The current research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive in terms of method, a MoreBackground and purpose: In addition to the problem of drug addiction, the indifference of citizens towards this social problem is one of the main concerns of our society. Methodology: The current research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive in terms of method, and qualitative research based on foundation data method. Purposeful sampling method is available. The participants in the research are 28 students studying at Kerman Azad University. A semi-structured interview has been used as a data collection tool. To reach the reliability criterion, three methods have been used: control or validation by members, analytical comparisons, and the use of audit techniques. The data is collected according to the procedure. Based on the contextual theory, they have been analyzed in three stages of open, selective and selective (central) coding. Findings: Based on the findings, factors such as: inappropriate platforms: preventive participation/social participation, as well as reducing the level of civic commitment/isolationism and normative antipathy as the most important causal factors, antisocial behavior patterns/personality vulnerability/cultural hatred As contextual factors, civil and social indifference/social dissatisfaction/social learning, as intervening factors Manuscript profile -
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94 - .
علی اصغر فیروزجاییان گلوگاه آزاده شفیعی -
Open Access Article
95 - Associate professor, Department of Urban planning, Payame-nour University, Mashhad, Iran
Alireza Sanatkah Sepideh Hazrati In addition to the problem of drug addiction, the indifference of citizens towards this social problem is one of the main concerns of our society. This is an applied, descriptive, and qualitative research which made use of a data-bas More In addition to the problem of drug addiction, the indifference of citizens towards this social problem is one of the main concerns of our society. This is an applied, descriptive, and qualitative research which made use of a data-based method. 28 students studying at Kerman Azad University were selected via purposive-available sampling method. A semi-structured interview was used as the data collection tool. To reach the reliability criterion, three methods were used: control or validation by members, analytical comparisons, and the use of audit techniques. The data were collected on the basis of the contextual theory and were analyzed in three stages of open, elective, and selective (central) coding. The findings showed that factors such as inappropriate platforms, preventive participation/social participation, as well as reducing the level of civic commitment/isolationism and normative antipathy were the most important causal factors; antisocial behavior patterns/personality vulnerability/cultural hatred were contextual factor; and civil and social indifference/social dissatisfaction/social learning, were intervening factors Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - .
مسعود گلچین محمدرضا حسینی حسین امامعلی زاده علی مراد عناصری -
Open Access Article
97 - A Sociological study of the role of social networks on social indifference (Case of study: Residents of Districts 1 and 2 of Tehran in 1398)
ehsan jamshidzadeh Majid kaffashi Khalil mirzaei,Social indifference is a situation in which individuals avoid social-political participation, social responsibility, altruistic activities, and active and civic engagement in social issues by ignoring the facts surrounding them. The aim of this study was to investigate MoreSocial indifference is a situation in which individuals avoid social-political participation, social responsibility, altruistic activities, and active and civic engagement in social issues by ignoring the facts surrounding them. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between social networks and social indifference. The variables included social networks (amount and variety of use), altruistic attitude and behavior, civic attitude and behavior and social indifference. The research population consisted of the residents of regions 1 and 2 of Tehran, who were selected as the sample using cluster sampling. In the theoretical framework of the research, optimistic, pessimistic and moderate views and theories of theorists such as Marx, Weber and Merton were used to explain the relationship between social indifference and social networks. The results showed that the rate of indifference is moderate to high. The variables altruistic attitude, altruistic behavior, civic attitude, civic behavior, diversity of use of social networks, the rate of use of social networks, contextual variables (age, gender, socio-economic status), social solidarity were significantly correlated with indifference. Among these, social solidarity as an intermediary variable was the most important in explaining social indifference. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - .
زهرا رضایی نسب sardar fotohi -
Open Access Article
99 - An analysis of the effects of abnormality (emphasizing the three dimensions of meaninglessness, distrust, and powerlessness) on social apathy (case of study: The Students of Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran and North Tehran Branches)
Neda Seyedin Abdolreza Adhami Talieh KhademianThis study aims to identify the effects of abnormality, with an emphasis on three dimensions (meaninglessness, distrust and powerlessness) on social Apathy. The research population consisted of students of Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran and North Tehran b MoreThis study aims to identify the effects of abnormality, with an emphasis on three dimensions (meaninglessness, distrust and powerlessness) on social Apathy. The research population consisted of students of Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran and North Tehran branches which totaled 85,000 at the time of the research, of which 380 were selected via a random sampling technique. The survey method was used and the data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Pearson correlation coefficient, linear and multiple regression, independent mean t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to test the hypotheses. The findings showed that the rate of meaninglessness with a correlation of (r = 0.267); distrust with a correlation of (r = 0.245); and powerlessness with a correlation of (r = 0.397) were positively and significantly related to students' apathy. In other words, the higher the three dimensions of social anomaly, the greater the apathy among students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - .An Investigation of social factors affecting the development of Tabriz city with a qualitative approach
atefeh mohammmadi Mohammad Abbaszadeh محمدباقر علیزاده اقدم فاطمه گلابیToday, achieving development is one of the goals of all countries. However, studies show that the city of Tabriz has a long way to go to achieve development. The purpose of this article was to identify social variables related to development in the city of Tabriz. The m MoreToday, achieving development is one of the goals of all countries. However, studies show that the city of Tabriz has a long way to go to achieve development. The purpose of this article was to identify social variables related to development in the city of Tabriz. The method used in this research is qualitative and data-based. The sample consisted of 45 development specialists and city officials with executive positions. The sampling method was purposive. Research findings showed that the following 5 social concepts had a great deal of impact on the development of the city of Tabriz: "disruption in the channels of socialization", "erosion of social trust", "weak social and political convergence", "weak interaction between parties and intermediary groups with the people", and "the spread of social indifference." Finally, "Weakness of social governance (dysfunction of the social subsystem)" was selected as the core of the research. The findings of this study are consistent with the theories of Giddens, McLeland, Lipst, Hagen and North and the findings of experimental research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - A study of the relations of social Health and social Happiness to social Apathy of youth: A study of the city of Kermanshah
mohsen safarian abdolreza ashami Ali moradiPhenomena such as social apathy express indifference, pessimism, and reluctance, in other words, a kind of social depression. Hence, in a pathological perspective, apathy in the community is a form of social illness. It is an undesirable element of modern culture and ha MorePhenomena such as social apathy express indifference, pessimism, and reluctance, in other words, a kind of social depression. Hence, in a pathological perspective, apathy in the community is a form of social illness. It is an undesirable element of modern culture and has unduly emphasized personal preferences and individualistic interests in contemporary urban life and works as a barrier to the creation and establishment of socially positive communication and citizen participation in social affairs. It will weaken or even bring to a stop the process of national development. The main goal of this study was to identify the relationship between social well-being and social vitality, on the one hand and social indifference, on the other hand, among Kermanshahi youth. This was a survey research that made use of questionnaires to gather the data. The research population consisted of the youth age 20-30 in Kermanshah city (42017 persons in 1396) of which, using Cochran’s formula, 400 persons were selected as the sample. Pierson’s correlation test, T test, analysis of variance, multivariate regression and path analysis were used to test the hypotheses. The results showed that independent variables such as social health (-0.136) and social happiness (-0.114) significantly related to social apathy. The results of regression analysis also showed that the two social variables, social health (Beta = 12.0, T= -4.09) and social happiness (Beta = 12.12, T= 3013) significantly affected the dependent variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - انتخاب روشهای متفاوت پرورش گاو شیری اصلاح شده در مناطق هیل و وللی مانیپور (هندوستان)
A. Shyam Singh K. Singh R. Chakravarty P. Imtiwatiاین مطالعه در نواحی سناپاتی و توبال از مناطق هیل و وللی ایالت مانیپور هندوستان (که بهصورت هدفمند انتخاب شدهاند) صورت گرفته است. از هر یک از نواحی فوق دو بلوک به صورت تصادفی انتخاب و در داخل هر بلوک نیز چهار روستا به صورت تصادفی انتخاب شدند. در هر روستا نیز 30 پرورش Moreاین مطالعه در نواحی سناپاتی و توبال از مناطق هیل و وللی ایالت مانیپور هندوستان (که بهصورت هدفمند انتخاب شدهاند) صورت گرفته است. از هر یک از نواحی فوق دو بلوک به صورت تصادفی انتخاب و در داخل هر بلوک نیز چهار روستا به صورت تصادفی انتخاب شدند. در هر روستا نیز 30 پرورش دهنده گاو شیری به صورت تصادفی انتخاب شدند. سپس اطلاعات این 240 پرورش دهنده از طریق مصاحبه و با کمک پرشسنامه ساختاری از پیش تأیید شده جمعآوری گردید. یک شاخص متفاوت به صورت اختصاصی برای این مناطق تعریف شد که کلیه ابعاد روشهای پرورش گاوهای شیری اصلاح شده (IDHP) را در بر میگرفت. دادههای حاصل با کمک نرمافزارهای آماری مختلف آنالیز شدند. نتایج نشان داد که در کلیه 20 متغیر مورد بررسی، به غیر از متغیرهای وضعیت تحصیل خانواده، درآمد سالانه و ارتباطات شهری، تفاوت معنیداری بین دو منطقه مورد بررسی وجود داشت (01/0P<). اکثر پاسخ دهندگان در منطقه هیل (00/55 درصد) در دسته متوسط انتخاب IDHP قرار داشتند ولی اکثر پاسخ دهندگان در منطقه وللی (34/43 درصد) به دسته بالای انتخاب IDHP تعلق داشتند. در نمونههای هیل، سن، تحصیلات، مشارکت اجتماعی، مالکیت زمین، اشتغال جنبی، مصرف شیر، نوع خانه، شخصیت جهانی، استفاده از رسانههای جمعی و عقاید تأثیر بسیار معنیداری بر انتخاب IDHP داشته (01/0P<) ولی در نمونههای وللی، مؤلفههایی نظیر اشتغال جنبی، تولید شیر، مصرف شیر، فروش شیر، درآمد سالانه، ارتباطات شهری، مجاری ارتباطی، شخصیت بومی، شخصیت جهانی و استفاده از رسانههای جمعی معنیدار بودند (01/0P<). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Comparative study of the educational aspects of two concepts of justice and love in the Attar`s Tazkerat ol-Awlia and Mantiq ot-Tayr
Seyede Maryam Rowzatian Fatemeh Sadat MadaniThere is no doubt that a significant part of the mystical works have emerged by educational goals and each of various writers and poets have regard to mysticism with a particular perspective. Some of them have handled a difficult language, so special people pay attentio MoreThere is no doubt that a significant part of the mystical works have emerged by educational goals and each of various writers and poets have regard to mysticism with a particular perspective. Some of them have handled a difficult language, so special people pay attention to them, but some others have used simple language, so they have widened their audience range. Attar Neishabouri is one of them. Although many works have been attributed to him, all of his works are seven. Using allegory and anecdotes is his favorite style. Therefore, we can find common concepts and anecdotes between Tazkerat ol-Awlia and his Masnavis which are based on numerous anecdotes. Among these works, in this study we focus on common anecdotes betwee Tazkerat ol-Awlia and Mantiq ot-Tayr. This study done within the two concepts: justice and the difference between unreal love and real love. The goal is to be shown that there are some difference between those two books for explaining these concepts. So it shows that which of these books has stronger educational aspects. This study will show that Attar has used different style in each book and he consciously changed his rhetoric to teach a concept. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Investigating the effect of Islamic moral intelligence on the organizational indifference of the employees of the General Department of Environmental Protection, Khorasan Razavi, using the structural equation model approach
Laleh Masoomian Davod Kaveh Yaser Salary Zahra AnjomshoaeThe purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of Islamic moral intelligence on the organizational indifference of employees of the General Department of Environmental Protection of Khorasan Razavi. Organizational indifference is a silent crisis that leads to the MoreThe purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of Islamic moral intelligence on the organizational indifference of employees of the General Department of Environmental Protection of Khorasan Razavi. Organizational indifference is a silent crisis that leads to the destruction of the organization.This research is applied in terms of purpose and survey in terms of nature and method. The statistical population includes all the employees of this Department , in the number of 450 people, and based on the sampling table of Karjesi and Morgan, 207 of them were selected by simple random sampling. The research tool is researcher-made questionnaires, which were determined using content validity using face validity method, and reliability was determined using internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha method. The method of data analysis was structural equation model using Amos modeling software. The findings showed that the variable of Islamic moral intelligence had the greatest effect with a coefficient of -0.96 on the organizational indifference of employees and Islamic moral intelligence with a coefficient of -0.91 on indifference to clients, with a coefficient of -0.903 on indifference to colleagues, with a coefficient of -0.902 on indifference to work and with a coefficient of -0.85 on indifference It has had a significant impact on the manager. As a result, the higher the Islamic moral intelligence of the employees , the less indifference to the manager, organization, clients, colleagues and their work. This research will be the beginning to manage indifference of employee to the fate of organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Performance Management of Human Resources Based on Individual Differences and the Fit Between the Individual and the Organization with a Personalization Approach in Tehran Municipality
ALI Aghyan Ali Rezaiean Darush GholamzadehThe purpose of this research is to design a human resources performance management model based on individual differences and the fit between the individual and the organization, with a personalized approach in Tehran Municipality. The current research is of a qualitativ MoreThe purpose of this research is to design a human resources performance management model based on individual differences and the fit between the individual and the organization, with a personalized approach in Tehran Municipality. The current research is of a qualitative type and the purpose of the research is developmental. The community of experts is the senior managers of the 124 districts and human resources of Tehran municipality, who have conducted a semi-structured interview with twelve of them using a purposeful sampling method and in the form of a snowball until the theoretical saturation limit is reached. Twelve sub-themes, four organized themes and two overarching themes have been formed by the theme analysis method at the individual level. At the group level, thirteen sub-themes are organized in five theme categories and defined in two overarching theme categories. At the organizational level, forty-nine sub themes have emerged in eighteen themes, organized in the framework of six overarching themes. This article theorizes the phenomenon of human resource management based on individual differences and the fit of the individual with the organization. According to this theory, the management of human resource performance is different for different people in the same organization. This method seeks to attract, develop and maintain better human resources and provides high flexibility between human resources and the organization, which in general provides better performance of human resources at three levels. This theory is based on the theory of individual differences and the fit of the individual with the organization. The presented model offers better flexibility and performance than previous models. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Genotypic differences in response to boron deficiency in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) plants and the interaction of boron deficiency with deficiency of other nutrients in hydroponic medium
zahra bahmani Roghieh HajibolandOilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is one of the important economic plants cultivated in Iran. Boron (B) and iron (Fe) as micronutrients and calcium (Ca) as a macronutrient are essential for higher plants and inadequate supply of these nutrients causes nutritional disorde MoreOilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is one of the important economic plants cultivated in Iran. Boron (B) and iron (Fe) as micronutrients and calcium (Ca) as a macronutrient are essential for higher plants and inadequate supply of these nutrients causes nutritional disorders. Boron deficiency (–B) is a widespread nutritional deficiency in oilseed rape throughout the world and this species has been known as a susceptible species to B deficiency. In this study, the responses of six genotypes of oilseed rape plants to B deficiency were investigated in the hydroponic medium. In addition, the interaction between B deficiency and deficiency of Fe (–Fe–B) and Ca (–B–Ca) were examined in hydroponically grown oilseed rape (cv. Hayola) plants. Results showed that B deficiency decreased shoot and root biomass and root length, decreased B content, chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange parameters. 'Opera' was the most susceptible and 'Okapi' the most tolerant genotype to B deficiency. The simultaneous deficiency of B and Fe (–Fe–B), B and Ca (–B–Ca) strongly reduced shoot and root growth, enhanced the release of protons leading to acidification of the rhizosphere and caused higher K+ leakage from the roots and reduction of B content both in the roots and leaves. Our results showed a considerable genotypic difference in oilseed rape plants in response to B deficiency. Our data further demonstrated the intensifying effect of inadequate supply of Fe and Ca on B deficiency in oilseed rape plants Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - The relationship between organizational indifference and organizational inertia through organizational silence in the employees of the General Department of Sports and Youth of Fars
zahra taghipor ghori omid safari afshin rostamiThe purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between organizational indifference and organizational inertia through organizational silence in the employees of the general sports and youth departments of Fars. The statistical population of this research wa MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between organizational indifference and organizational inertia through organizational silence in the employees of the general sports and youth departments of Fars. The statistical population of this research was all the employees of the General Directorate of Sports and Youth of the province, numbering 114 people, of which 94 people cooperated with the researcher by sampling method. In order to collect data, a questionnaire of personal characteristics and three standard questionnaires of organizational indifference by Danai Fard et al. (2014), organizational inertia (Goodkin and Alkron, 2008) and organizational silence (Dimitris and Vekula, 2007) were used. In order to describe the data, descriptive statistics methods were used, and for the inferential analysis of the data, the statistical methods of Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression in SPSS software and structural equations were used. The findings of this research showed that there is a positive and significant effect between organizational indifference and organizational inertia through organizational silence in the employees of the General Directorate of Sports and Youth of Fars. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - شکل گیری هویت معلمان زبان انگلیسی در ایراان: مطالعه موردی
Hamid Reza Niknaghsh Mohammad Reza khodarezaبا توجه به اهمیت شکل گیری هویت در موقعیت های یادگیری ، مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی چگونگی شکل گیری هویت معلمان زبان ایرانی در محیط یادگیری زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان دوم در موقعیت یادگیری خودمی پردازد. این مطالعه همچنین تلاش کرد که نشان دهد که آیا جنسیت می تواند نقش مهمی د Moreبا توجه به اهمیت شکل گیری هویت در موقعیت های یادگیری ، مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی چگونگی شکل گیری هویت معلمان زبان ایرانی در محیط یادگیری زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان دوم در موقعیت یادگیری خودمی پردازد. این مطالعه همچنین تلاش کرد که نشان دهد که آیا جنسیت می تواند نقش مهمی در ایجاد هویت برای معلمان زبان داشته باشد یا نه. برای این منظور ، شش معلم زبان انگلیسی هم مرد و هم زن در یک موسسه زبان انگلیسی دعوت شده اند تا در این مطالعه شرکت کنند. محقق از شرکت کنندگان خواسته است که پرسشنامه ساخت هویت برزونسکی (۲۰۱۰) را تکمیل کنند تا به صورت توصیفی پاسخ آنها را تحلیل کند. این پرسشنامه دارای ۴۰ سوال در قالب مقیاس لیکرت بود. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها نشان داد که شرکت کنندگان درک نسبتاً زیادی راجع به "سبک هویتی اطلاعاتی" و "بخش های تعهد" در پرسشنامه دارند، اما درک متوسطی نسبت به "سبک های هنجاری" و "سردرگمی/اجتنابی" داشتند. نتیجه دومین سؤال تحقیق نشان داد که تنها در مؤلفه های "سبک هویتی اطلاعاتی" بین شرکت کنندگان زن و مرد تفاوت معناداری وجود دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی برداشت معلمان از ساخت دستگاه منحصر به فرد یادگیری زبان در فرآیند فراگیری زبان دوم: نظریه پایه
Milad Omidi Hamid Reza Khalaji Keyvan Mahmoudiدر این مطالعه، ادراک معلمان انگلیسی با تجربه منتخب در مورد ساخت دستگاه منحصر به فرد اکتساب زبان (LAD) در فرآیند اکتساب زبان دوم (SLA) بررسی شده است. از نظریه زمینه و طرح سازنده استفاده شد و از کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی پس از مصاحبه نیمه ساختار یافته از 30 تا 90 استفا Moreدر این مطالعه، ادراک معلمان انگلیسی با تجربه منتخب در مورد ساخت دستگاه منحصر به فرد اکتساب زبان (LAD) در فرآیند اکتساب زبان دوم (SLA) بررسی شده است. از نظریه زمینه و طرح سازنده استفاده شد و از کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی پس از مصاحبه نیمه ساختار یافته از 30 تا 90 استفاده شد. ادراک معلمان هفت دسته مربوط به ساخت LAD منحصر به فرد خود را نشان داد، یعنی (الف) محیط منحصر به فرد. ب) مشکلات روانی؛ ج) عوامل ژنتیکی؛ و (د) فضای مجازی. ادراکات نشان داد که عوامل ذکر شده زیر به طور منحصر به فرد تحت تأثیر مقوله های ذکر شده به طور جداگانه و منحصر به فرد قرار گرفته اند. عواملی مانند انگیزه، علاقه، اعتماد به نفس، عزت نفس، نگرش، دیدگاه، عقیده، نیات، سبک ها و استراتژی های یادگیری، قرار گرفتن در معرض TL، میزان اکتساب، پیشرفت اکتساب، بهره هوشی و هوش، تعامل اجتماعی، وضعیت ذهنی، ظرفیت حافظه، تمرکز، پتانسیل یادگیری، تفکر استعاری و ایدئولوژی به طوری که آنها به دستگاه منحصر به فرد اکتساب زبان (ULAD) در SLA مجهز شوند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Young People’s Perceptions of Adulthood: Is there a Gender Difference?
Zohreh Soleimani Elahe HejaziDue to the cultural impact on the formation of adulthood concept, the purpose of this study is determining gender differences in the concept of adult and finding markers that are necessary to perceive adult in Iranian society. So, through a phenomenological qualitative MoreDue to the cultural impact on the formation of adulthood concept, the purpose of this study is determining gender differences in the concept of adult and finding markers that are necessary to perceive adult in Iranian society. So, through a phenomenological qualitative study and conducting interviews among a sample of 19 persons (9 males,10 females) at age intervals of 18-25 that were selected among students in Tehran, using the purposeful and criterion sampling, the markers of adulthood were extracted. Colaizzi analysis yielded six dimensions: Cognitive-emotional self-mastering, regulatory management to achieve the goals, ability to play a role in the family, commitment to personal, religious, and social values, independence and role transitions. Findings indicated traditional markers of adulthood (i.e. reaching the age of 18 or married) have transformed to individual skills and family capacities. In two dimensions, the ability to play a role in the family and independence, subcategories including employment, financial and mental support of family for men, and capacity of child caring, and psychosocial support of the family for women are criteria that are more important. In addition, in other dimensions, the subcategories of well-meaning behavior for men, and the resilience and emotional mastry for women were emphasized more. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Developmental, Individual-Difference, Relationship-Based Model and Sensory Processing Styles of Preschool Children
Saeedeh Toufani Asl Seyed Amir Aminyazdi Hossein KareshkiThis study aimed to evaluate the relationship between Developmental, Individual-difference, relationship-based model, and sensory processing patterns of preschools. The research design was descriptive-correlational. 300 participants were selected by convenience method f MoreThis study aimed to evaluate the relationship between Developmental, Individual-difference, relationship-based model, and sensory processing patterns of preschools. The research design was descriptive-correlational. 300 participants were selected by convenience method from kindergartens of 10 and 11 urban areas of Mashhad and Social-Emotional Scale (Greenspan, 2007) and a Sensory Profile of Dunn Questionnaire (Vein Dunn, 1999) were used for scaling developmental individual relationship model and sensory profile of Dun. Results showed that significant relationship between DIR modeland sensory processing types. (P<0.01). 0.8 percent of DIR variance could be predicted by sensory profile. Among four sensory types (Low sensory registration, Avoiding sensory, Sensitive sensory, and Seeking sensory), Low sensory registration type was significant. Also For each participant, there was at least one dominant sensory processing type. In addition, results showed that Comparing scale of four sensory types and weakness or strength of each sensory types could predict behavior of children in different situations. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that Awareness of dominant sensory processing type in preschools, could lead parents and teachers design more sufficient learning and adaptations interventions for behavioral problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Emotional Development of Children with Autism based on Developmental, Individual Differences Model
Kobra Abazari Mokhtar Malekpour Amir Ghamarani Ahmad Abedi Salar FaramarziThis study aimed to investigate the emotional development of children with autism spectrum disorder on the basis of Developmental, Individual Differences Model (DIR). Thirty autistic children were selected by non-random sampling from 3 autistic centers and 30 typical ch MoreThis study aimed to investigate the emotional development of children with autism spectrum disorder on the basis of Developmental, Individual Differences Model (DIR). Thirty autistic children were selected by non-random sampling from 3 autistic centers and 30 typical children were selected randomly from Tehran. The sample’s mothers completed the Functional Emotional Questionnaire (Greenspan, 2001). The parents of two groups were matched on socioeconomic status, age and education. The results indicated that there were significant differences between autistic and typical children in terms of 6 stages of emotional development: self- regulation and interest in the world, intimacy, two-way communication, complex communication, emotional ideas, emotional and logical thinking in their lower and previous ages (0-3/5). In the children’s current age, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the stages, except for the fifth & sixth stages in which emotional development of typical children were higher than children with autism. The lower emotional development of children with autism in the fifth & sixth stages might be due to the sensory processing, language, and vision defects in autistic children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Perceived social support and academic stress:the roles of gender and cultural differences
Omid Shokri Mohammad naghi Farahani Reza Kormi Nouri Ali Reza Moradihis study aimed to examine the moderating effects of cultural and gender groups in the relationship between perceived social support and academic stress among Iranian and Swedish university students. The sample consisted of 212 students (112 Iranian: 34 males, 78 female Morehis study aimed to examine the moderating effects of cultural and gender groups in the relationship between perceived social support and academic stress among Iranian and Swedish university students. The sample consisted of 212 students (112 Iranian: 34 males, 78 females; 100 Swedish: 29 males, 71 females). The participants completed the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS; Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet, & Farley,1988) and the Academic Stress Questionnaire (ASQ; Zajacova, Lynch, & Espenshade, 2005). The results of hierarchical regression analyses indicated that (1) there was a negative and significant relationship between perceived social support and academic stress among Iranian students, but insignificant among Swedish students, and (2) there were nonsignificant negative correlations between social support and academic stress for both genders among Iranian and Swedish students. In sum, these findings emphasized that the functional properties of social support in predicting academic stress were dissimilar in the two cultural contexts but were similar in both gender groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Gender and Age Differences in Social Anxiety in Adolescence
Fariborz Geravand Mohammad Hassan Afzali Omid Shokri Melita Puklek Ali Khodaei Saeed Toulabithe development of cognitive and behavioral dimensions of social anxiety during adolescence was studied. Using multistage random sampling method, 276 female and 224 male students in Tehran were selected from three age groups of 12-13 years, 14-15 years and 16-17 years o Morethe development of cognitive and behavioral dimensions of social anxiety during adolescence was studied. Using multistage random sampling method, 276 female and 224 male students in Tehran were selected from three age groups of 12-13 years, 14-15 years and 16-17 years old and were administered the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (Puklek, 1997). Results of MANOVA suggested that 12-13 years old adolescents had higher means in the cognitive and behavioral dimensions of social anxiety than the other two age groups. Females had higher means in the behavioral dimension of social anxiety in all three age groups, whereas there were no gender differences in the cognitive dimenstion of social anxiety. Findings are discussed based on Elkind's socio-cognitive perspective and the effect of gender on socialization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - The mediating role of causal attributions on the relationship between perfectionism and academic well-being among gifted adolescents
Mojtaba Malek Jafarian Omid Shokri Masoud SharifiThis study examined the mediating effect of causal attributions on the relationship between positive and negative perfectionism and academic well-being among male and female gifted students. In this correlational study, 352 gifted students (152 male and 200 female) resp MoreThis study examined the mediating effect of causal attributions on the relationship between positive and negative perfectionism and academic well-being among male and female gifted students. In this correlational study, 352 gifted students (152 male and 200 female) responded to the Multidimensional Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory (MPCI), the Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ), the School Engagement Inventory (SEI) and the School Burnout Inventory (SBI). Multi-group structural equation modeling was used to assess causal attributions on the relationship between positive and negative perfectionism and academic well-being among male and female gifted students. Results indicated that for total sampel and for male and female gifted students, the partially mediated model of positive and negative causal attributions on the relationship between positive and negative perfectionism and academic well-being had good fit to data. The results of the group specificity of structural relations showed that the relationship between perfectionism, causal attributins and academic well-being were equivalent for both groups. Furthermore, all of the regression weights in the hypothesized model were statistically significant and model' predictors accounted for 41% and 32% of the variance in academic engagement and academic burnout, respectively. In sum, these findings show that the positive and negative perfectionism affect academic well-being of male and femle gifted students through affecting on adaptive and nonadaptive causal attributions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Academic self-efficacy and self-handicapping in high school students
Kazem Zabihollahi Mohammad J. Yazdani Varzaneh Masood GholamAli LavasaniThe aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between academic self-efficacy, academic self-handicapping, and gender. Three hundred and eighty seven students of Tehran public high school in fourth grade (199 females, 188 males) completed the Academic Self MoreThe aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between academic self-efficacy, academic self-handicapping, and gender. Three hundred and eighty seven students of Tehran public high school in fourth grade (199 females, 188 males) completed the Academic Self-Handicapping Scale (ASHS; Midgley et al., 1996) and the Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES; McIlroy & Bunting, 2002). The sample was selected by the cluster random sampling. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, Fisher’s Z test and multivariate analysis of variance. The results indicated that academic self-efficacy was negatively related with academic self-handicapping and gender couldn’t play a moderating role in the relationship between these two variables. The results also indicated that female students reported significantly more academic self-efficacy than males and male students reported significantly more academic self-handicapping than females. The results were discussed within the social cognitive theory and social-specifics affecting the fourth grade high school students in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Examining the Gender-based Equivalence of Factorial Structure of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire- Short Form
Monireh Hosseinabadi Omid ShokriThis study aimed to examine the measurement invariance of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ, Garnefski, Kraaij & Spinhoven, 2001) among male and female students. Three hundred and forty nine university students (182 females, 167 males) completed t MoreThis study aimed to examine the measurement invariance of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ, Garnefski, Kraaij & Spinhoven, 2001) among male and female students. Three hundred and forty nine university students (182 females, 167 males) completed the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was used to examinethe factorial invariance of the CERQ for both females and males. The results of single-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the nine-factor model of CERQ consisted of self-blame, acceptance, rumination, positive refocusing, refocus on planning, positive reappraisal, putting into perspective, catastrophizing and other-blame fit to the datafor the total sample and also for male and female groups, independently. The results of multi-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated cross-group invariance of measurement residuals, structural covariances and regression weights of the CERQ for both male and female. The findings suggested that multiple factors of the CERQ were perceived equally across the two gender. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Cross-Group Invariance of Factorial Structure of the Identity Style Inventory among Iranian Adolescents
Mahnaz Aliakbari Dehkordi Ali Khodaei Omid Shokri Zohreh Daneshvarpoorthis study was aimed to test the invariance of factorial structure of the Identity Style Inventory (ISI; Berzonsky, 1992) in 15– 17 year olds adolescents. The sample consisted of 376 high school students (181 males, 195 females). The ISI was adminestered to the pa Morethis study was aimed to test the invariance of factorial structure of the Identity Style Inventory (ISI; Berzonsky, 1992) in 15– 17 year olds adolescents. The sample consisted of 376 high school students (181 males, 195 females). The ISI was adminestered to the participants. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the cross-group validity or invariance of factorial structure of ISI among males and females studying in first, second and third grades of high school. The results of single-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated that both the three-factor structure of identity styles ( informational identity, normative identity, and diffuse avoidant identity) and the mono-factor structure of identity commitment fit the data in an acceptable level for males and females and the three grade subgroups. The results of multi-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated crossgroup invariance of factor structure, factor loadings, and factor variances and covariances of the ISI in gender and grade subgroups. Emphasizing the group invariance of factorial structure of ISI, these findings indicate that ISI is a promising tool for measuring identity styles in gender and grade subgroups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Interpersonal difficulties in adolescents:sex and age differences
Sadegh Taghiloo Omid Shokri Saeid Toulabi Ali TaghvaeiniaThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of sex and age differences in interpersonal difficulties of adolescents. Five hundred adolescents (276 females, 224 males) who were selected by multi-stage random sampling method, completed the Questionnaire about In MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of sex and age differences in interpersonal difficulties of adolescents. Five hundred adolescents (276 females, 224 males) who were selected by multi-stage random sampling method, completed the Questionnaire about Interpersonal Difficulties for Adolescents (QIDA; Inglés, Hidalgo & Méndez, 2005). The results of multivariate of variance analysis (MANOVA) indicated that (1) sex and age factors had significant effects on the multiple dimensions of interpersonal difficulties, (2) girls obtained higher scores in the subscales of assertiveness, heterosexual relationships and public speaking, and boys obtained higher scores in the subscales of family relationships and close friendships, and (3) early adolescents in comparison with mid-adolescents and late adolescents obtained higher scores in the various dimensions of interpersonal difficulties. The differentiated model of sex effect for the various dimensions of interpersonal difficulties emphasizes the importance of sex-role socialization process. Also, the significant effect of age groups for the multiple subscales of interpersonal difficulties emphasizes the importance of Elkind's socio-cognitive perspective on adolescent development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - The Role of Cultural Values of Marriage and Sex Differences in Mate Selection
Hashem Jebraeili Ali Zadeh Mohammadi Mahmood Heidarithis study investigated the function of cultural values of marriage and sex differences in mate selection . Three hundred and sixty students (199 females and 161 males) of Shahid Beheshti university were selected and answered Marriage Values Survey (MVS; Delkhamoush, 20 Morethis study investigated the function of cultural values of marriage and sex differences in mate selection . Three hundred and sixty students (199 females and 161 males) of Shahid Beheshti university were selected and answered Marriage Values Survey (MVS; Delkhamoush, 2005) and Preferences Concerning Potential Mates Questionnaire (PCPM; Buss, 1989). Using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis, data were analysed. Results showed that the majority of marriage values were significantly related to mate preferences criteria and these values had significant predictive function in mate preferences criteria. Findings were discussed based on the theoretical framework of the cultural values of marriage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - the role of cultural values in preferences for age of marriage and age difference between spouses
Hashem Jebraeili Mehdi Taherithe purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of cultural values in preferences for age of marriage and age difference between spouses. Three hundred and forty four students (153 males, 191 females) were selected by convenience sampling from Shahid Behesh Morethe purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of cultural values in preferences for age of marriage and age difference between spouses. Three hundred and forty four students (153 males, 191 females) were selected by convenience sampling from Shahid Beheshti University. The participants answered the Marriage Values Survey (MVS; Delkhamoush, 2007, 2013b). Data were analysed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression methods. The results indicated that the values of embeddedness and emotional autonomy had decisive contribution in prediction of marriage age preferences in two reverse directions, and the value of egalitarianism had decisive contribution in prediction of preferred age difference between spouses in both sexes. The findings highlighted the impact of cultural values on marriage criteria and preferences and confirmed the validity of the Marriage Values Survey Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - بررسی قواعد حاکم بر اعتبارات اسنادی بر مبناییو.سی.پی 500 ویو.سی.پی 600
عیسی امینی سمانه ابوترابی -
Open Access Article
123 - Challenges of translating the Quran
Nasrin AnsarianThe Quran has been the religious book for all humans and delivering its message is the religious duty of all of us. Because it is in Arabic , the most primary and the simplest way to understand it is its translation MoreThe Quran has been the religious book for all humans and delivering its message is the religious duty of all of us. Because it is in Arabic , the most primary and the simplest way to understand it is its translation which has different stages, in each of which the challenge is possible; so, determining the challenges and mentioning the approaches to resolve them is useful to strengthen the presentation of less inaccurate translation. This study has aimed to propose the challenges for each stage of translation and problems of several ones by thinking in verses of the Quran and their translation and by using content analysis and present necessary approaches to resolve them. Findings from the study showed that a translation in which a translator has benefited from experts in etymology, morphology and eloquence, memorizer of Quran and person being prominent and skillful in speaking Arabic is successful. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - The role of effective factors on Net Spread on private and State-owned Commercial Banks in Iran
Rafik Nazarian Amirabbas HasheminejadThe Spread is generally considered as a sign of efficiency in any Banking system throughout the world. This important indicator is equal to the difference of two ratios which are the revenues from facilities to total facilities of the bank ratio. An increase of this ind MoreThe Spread is generally considered as a sign of efficiency in any Banking system throughout the world. This important indicator is equal to the difference of two ratios which are the revenues from facilities to total facilities of the bank ratio. An increase of this indicator means more cost of raising funds for demanders of funds. But it is, on the contrary, a signal for higher efficiency of banking system. The main objective of this research is to measure the net spread of public banks and appraisal of effects of three groups of banking policy making and aggregate economy variables on net spread changes throughout the years 1377 to 1386.Calculations show that the average net spread of public banks throughout 1377 to 1386 equals 6.161 and from 1382 to 1386. it has fallen to 5.361.The outcomes of econometrics model reveal that the rate of change in most banking financial indications (such as sight deposit to total deposit ratio, non performing loan ratio, legal deposit ratio and non-interest based revenue to total revenue generating asses ratio) exert meaningful but different effects on the rate of change of underlying variable. Although the private banks have been operating since 1381, the positive multiplier of the herfindahl – Hirschman Index or HHI concentration indicator shows that banking industry in Iran has continually been a monopoly of public sector. However the related numeral multiplier implies a gradual change of current structure towards less monopoly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - الگوئی برای نمایش چشماندازی از تراز تجاری کشور به روش رگرسیونی دادههای ترکیبی با تواتر متفاوت
محمد نو فرستی سمانه جواهر دهی -
Open Access Article
126 - Utilization of Mixed Data Sampling model in Identifying the Effects of Monthly Exchange Rate Changes on Seasonal GDP of Iran
Roja Tilik Abbas Najafizadeh S. Fakhredin Fakhr Hosseini Ahmad SarlakAbstract The present study intends to use the Mixed Data Sampling model (MIDAS) to investigate the effect of exchange rate changes on the variable of real production in Iran during the period 1397:1 to1380:4 that Provides implement a flexibility model whit& MoreAbstract The present study intends to use the Mixed Data Sampling model (MIDAS) to investigate the effect of exchange rate changes on the variable of real production in Iran during the period 1397:1 to1380:4 that Provides implement a flexibility model whit high descriptive power, including variables of varying frequency (eg daily, weekly and monthly) together in a regression. The results of this study show that the MIDAS model is statistically strong in identifying the asymmetric dynamic effects of the independent variable with higher freuency (exchange rate changes) on the dependent variable with lower frequency (GDP) compared to the same frequency model of these variables and shows asymmetry better.Also, based on the obtained results, the intensity of the impact of the momentum and the persistence of each momentum are different, so that the negative momentum of the exchange rate has more intense and lasting effects on Iran's GDP. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Barriers to Participation of Developing Countries in the WTO's Dispute Settlement System
Dydokht Sadeghi – Haghighi Leila ReisiAbstract Understanding of the WTO dispute settlement was developed in 1995 and aimed to establish a coherent legal system based on equal access of all member states to the settlement of disputes and make decisions based on rules rather than decision-making by economic MoreAbstract Understanding of the WTO dispute settlement was developed in 1995 and aimed to establish a coherent legal system based on equal access of all member states to the settlement of disputes and make decisions based on rules rather than decision-making by economic powers. Over three quarters of WTO members are developing countries, which they have weak economic systems. Therefore, a provision in the understanding as “special and differential treatment” is considered, upon which the concessions were granted to developing countries aimed at creating a favorable context for increased involvement of these countries in the DSB. But to benefit from these advantages and protections granted by dispute settlement mechanisms, the developing countries face problems and challenges that led to their limited participation in this body. This article assumes that the developing countries has failed to benefit from the dispute settlement mechanisms and concludes that there are real political, commercial problems and domestic limits that must be overcome. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - بررسی نقش تفاوتهای فردی بر ارتباط غیرکلامی و انتقال مفاهیم
محمد حسین شرف زاده فردوس اقا گل زاده ازیتا افراشی شهلا رقیب دوست -
Open Access Article
129 - بررسی عوامل موثر بر تفاوت های ارتباطی زنان و مردان در روابط میان فردی
نسیم مجیدی قهرودی زهره سلطان محمدی -
Open Access Article
130 - Exploring the Demographic Differences of Consumers with Different Decision-Making Styles Regarding the Purchase Behavior of Sunich Juices
Samira Ghashghayi Ghasem Bakhshandeh Roya Avalin chaharsoughi Zahra HosseiniAbstract Studying different decision-making styles in different groups helps to better understand the market because when customers are well characterized, we can better help them to make a purchase. The present research explored Sproles and Kendall’s eight decisi MoreAbstract Studying different decision-making styles in different groups helps to better understand the market because when customers are well characterized, we can better help them to make a purchase. The present research explored Sproles and Kendall’s eight decision-making styles of consumers (perfectionist and high-quality conscious, novelty-fashion conscious, brand conscious, price conscious, recreational and hedonistic conscious, confused by over choice, impulsive and careless, and habitual and brand loyal) with different demographic characteristics (gender, age, marital status, education, occupation, income, and household size). In this regard, the data of 530 consumers (selected by the convenience sampling method) of Sunich juices in Khuzestan province were collected. Afterward, the data were analyzed by ANOVA and T-test using SPSS software. The results revealed the demographic differences of consumers with different decision-making styles. Finally, the discussion and practical suggestions were presented based on the findings. Keywords: Decision-making style, Consumer behavior, Demographic differences, Sproles and Kendall model Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Investigating the Role of Invisible Employees on Organizational indifference with the Mediating Role of Career Plateauing
Meysam Azizi ardalan feili Abbas sabetThe emergence of organizational apathy as one of the major organizational complications has spent a great deal of time, strength and resources in the organizations to itself. On the other hand, the emergence of this complication has led the organizational apathy to have MoreThe emergence of organizational apathy as one of the major organizational complications has spent a great deal of time, strength and resources in the organizations to itself. On the other hand, the emergence of this complication has led the organizational apathy to have many negative complications in the organization. Therefore, the present research was designed and conducted to investigate the role of invisible employees on organizational apathy with the mediating role of career plateauing. The present research is of correlation type researches that are among the applied researches in terms of goal conducted as the field study. The statistical population of this study includes all employees of sepah bank in Shiraz that according to surveys is 500 people, and based on the Morgan sample size table 217 people were specified as the research sample. The structural equations method was used to analyze the present research data. . The results of the present research showed that career plateauing has a mediating role in the role of invisible employees on organizational apathy. Therefore, it was specified that creating solutions in the path of career plateauing management can enhance the path of reducing organizational apathy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Analyzing the Effect of Auditor Gender on Audit Quality
Seyed Hossein Alavi Tabari Vida Mojtahedzadeh Naghmeh Bakhtiaerihis paper examines the effect of auditor gender on audit quality. To determine audit quality, three indexes of ability to solve the problems , risk and auditor independence were used (Hardies &Breesch, 2010). The required data was obtained through questionnaires han Morehis paper examines the effect of auditor gender on audit quality. To determine audit quality, three indexes of ability to solve the problems , risk and auditor independence were used (Hardies &Breesch, 2010). The required data was obtained through questionnaires handed out among members of Iranian Association of Certified Public Accountants (IACPA). The T- test results indicate though gender differences affect on the relationship between audit quality and problem-solving ability of auditors, no significant gender differences were found in risk profile & independence of auditors . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - The Effects of Accountants' Perceptions of Ethical Climate Fit on their Organizational Attitudes: Social-Cognitive Theory
Mohammad Nazaripour babak zakizadehAbstract The ethical climate fit is one of the unique aspects of the professional identity of accountants. Therefore, this study attempts to investigate the effects of accountants' perceptions of the organizational ethical climate on their organizational attitudes usin MoreAbstract The ethical climate fit is one of the unique aspects of the professional identity of accountants. Therefore, this study attempts to investigate the effects of accountants' perceptions of the organizational ethical climate on their organizational attitudes using social-cognitive theory. The present study is practical in nature and is considered as a descriptive-exploratory correlation study. The required data were collected through the distribution of questionnaires among 305 accountants. The time period of this study is the second season of year 2022. The research data were analyzed using structural equation modeling method. According to the research findings, (1) Individual differences (self-efficacy and locus of control) have a positive and significant effect on the ethical climate fit. (2) The locus of control has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction. (3) The ethical climate fit has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. (4) Job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment. Also, in this study, the effects of four control variables (number of job changes, number of employer changes, job level, and adjustment) on three variables of compatibility with the ethical climate fit, job satisfaction and organizational commitment. For example, the adjustment has a positive and significant effect on all three mentioned variables. Finally, the attitudes and beliefs of accountants towards senior managers are strongly influenced by the ethical climate fit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - The difference between generations and the psychosocial characteristics of generation Z
Mojgan Sepahmansour Roghaye NazariThe current research was conducted with the aim of knowing the difference between generations and getting to know the psychosocial characteristics of generation Z. In this research, the issue was examined in a documentary way and by studying the background check and the MoreThe current research was conducted with the aim of knowing the difference between generations and getting to know the psychosocial characteristics of generation Z. In this research, the issue was examined in a documentary way and by studying the background check and the studies done. First, the generation and the different definitions given about generations, then the difference between generations and the characteristics of generation Z were examined more specifically. Based on the studies, it was found that generation Z people in our society have basic human needs in addition to physiological needs; The most important of which is believing in them, needing to be heard and paying enough attention to them. The people of this generation need progress, and to achieve this progress and self-fulfillment, the company and family are necessary. Manuscript profile -
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135 - تفاوت بین نسلی در خانواده
habib saborikhosroshahi -
Open Access Article
136 - شکاف نسلی در ارزشها: بررسی مقایسهی جوانان و سالمندان
aliasghar abasiasfajir shima sum -
Open Access Article
137 - مطالعه اعتماد به نهادها و سازمانهای اداری و هنجاری در بین دو نسل 24-16 و 54-45 سالهها در شهر تبریز
robabeh pourjebeli -
Open Access Article
138 - بررسیعواملاجتماعیمؤثّربرتفاوتهاینگرشیدونسلمادراندختراننسبت به ارزش های اجتماعی در شهر بوکان
samad abedini sima rajab nezhad -
Open Access Article
139 - مطالعهی بیتفاوتی اجتماعی و عوامل مؤثر بر آن در شهر تهران
mojtaba sedaghati fard dr.alireza mohseni tabrizi -
Open Access Article
140 - شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بیتفاوتی اجتماعیدر بین دانشجویان دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی
mostafa zahiriniya fatemeh golabi rahim hedayat eivregh -
Open Access Article
141 - بررسی علل اجتماعی، فرهنگی و اقتصادی مؤثّر بر پدیده خشونت علیه زنان در خانواده(همسر آزاری) در شهر کرمان در نیم سال اول 1394
kamal javanmard -
Open Access Article
142 - Sociological study of contemporaray feminist theories with a critical approach
Morteza FarajianThe current research examines contemporary feminist theories with a critical approach. In this research, critical scientific research method was used and archival method was used to collect data. Feminist theories include a wide range of theories, such as: women-centere MoreThe current research examines contemporary feminist theories with a critical approach. In this research, critical scientific research method was used and archival method was used to collect data. Feminist theories include a wide range of theories, such as: women-centered theory, theories of difference (cultural feminism, Simone de Beauvoir theory), sociological theories of gender difference (institutional theory and interactionist theory), theories of gender inequality (liberal feminism), theories of oppression (psychoanalytic feminism, feminism radical), theories of structural oppression (socialist feminism, interference theory) and postmodern theories of feminism. Criticism of the research findings shows that feminist theories, due to being ahistorical, not considering different cultures, pessimism towards men, the same attitude towards all men, a purely materialistic attitude towards love, failure to respond to the mechanism of creating patriarchy, considering men as oppressors, Opposing the teachings of world religions and the same attitude to all religions, fanatical attack on heterosexuality, imposing homosexuality on women as a superior epistemology, promoting a new identity against the reversed identity, opposing individualism by claiming individualism, plurality and sexual freedom, and defining sexuality. For women, criticism of the institutional feminist theory, lack of attention to "unrealization", lack of attention to the difference in the body and finally the weakness of psychoanalytic feminism in examining the social arrangements of emotions are criticized. It can be stated that despite their practical and theoretical effects, feminist theories have many theoretical weaknesses that have been addressed in this research. Manuscript profile -
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143 - The strategy of the rule of justice in climate change and the guarantee of sustainable human security with an emphasis on the principle of shared but different responsibilities.
Hadi Masoudifar Alireza Arashpoor Masoud Raei DehaghiAmong the general principles of law and progressive scientific rules, the rule of fairness has a prominent value and position, and since this rule has considerable flexibility, it has the ability to be applied in dealing with new issues and challenges of public internat MoreAmong the general principles of law and progressive scientific rules, the rule of fairness has a prominent value and position, and since this rule has considerable flexibility, it has the ability to be applied in dealing with new issues and challenges of public international law. Is. Therefore, while defining the rule of fairness, it is necessary to evaluate the position of this rule in the implementation of international agreements related to the field of international environmental law, and also to analyze the need to protect the environment based on the requirements of public opinion in jurisprudence. Accordingly, in this study, which was conducted inductively and using library studies, while evaluating the application of the rule of justice in ensuring human security, it was found that the rule of justice through the principle of "joint but different responsibility" in the Paris Climate Change Conference Has been exploited. On the other hand, it has been shown that the rule of fairness in international environmental law has led to the introduction of the term "climate justice". Manuscript profile -
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144 - طراحی مدلی برای شناسایی احتمال وقوع دستکاری قیمت پایانی در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران
میرفیض فلاح شمس لیالستانی ایوب بادپا اسماعیل بادپا -
Open Access Article
145 - Selecting the optimal model for impact of external financing variables on voluntary discretionary accruals in companies with high and low investment opportunities
Omid Sabaghiyan Toosi Zahra Moradi Shohreh YazdaniPurpose: This study explaining the effect of external financing on voluntary discretionary accruals in companies with high and low investment opportunities. In this research, the data of 320 companies during the years 2011-2021 have been analyzed using eviews econometri MorePurpose: This study explaining the effect of external financing on voluntary discretionary accruals in companies with high and low investment opportunities. In this research, the data of 320 companies during the years 2011-2021 have been analyzed using eviews econometric software.Methodology: To test the sub-hypotheses using the middle of 4 methods (MEQLDTA), (MB), (EQGMEQLD) and (Growth PPE), the statistical population was classified into two groups of companies with high and low investment opportunities. Then the hypotheses were tested using unstructured estimation and ordinary least squares (OLS) methods and maximum likelihood logarithm (ARMA).Findings: Results of group hypotheses: There is a positive significate relationship between the use of voluntary discretionary accruals and external financing in companies with high investment opportunities, that are separated by MEQLDTA method and there is a negative significate relationship with GROWTHPPE method, but there is a no significate relationship in other methods. Results of group hypotheses: There is a negative significate relationship between the use of voluntary discretionary accruals and external financing in companies with low investment opportunities, that are separated by PPEQGMEQLD method and there is a positive significate relationship with GROWTHPPE method, but there is a no significate relationship in other methods. Based on and D-W coefficients, optimal models were selected in companies with high and low investment opportunities..Originality / Value: To achieve the optimal investment opportunities, it is recommended to pay attention to the company's financing method in high and low investment opportunities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - The Introduction of ( The Ayeneh Yoosefi ) The last Yoosef and Zulaykha from Fakheri Fassaee and the Study of its Affectability from The Holy Qur'an and The Torah
Mohammad Bagher Danesh Dar Seyyed Mohsen Sajedi Rad Samira RostamiAbstract We are going to study "The Ayeneh Yoosefi " or " Mer'atol Mahjoob " in this essay which is poetry around the story of Yoosef and Zulaykha from Shaikh Mohammad Ja'far Fakheri Fassaee ( 1290-1349 A. H. ). In the first e MoreAbstract We are going to study "The Ayeneh Yoosefi " or " Mer'atol Mahjoob " in this essay which is poetry around the story of Yoosef and Zulaykha from Shaikh Mohammad Ja'far Fakheri Fassaee ( 1290-1349 A. H. ). In the first evaluation, the story is told by Fakheri and its affectability is compared with the Qur'anic narration. In the second study, it is compared with what is told in The Torah. Finally the main issue, by drawing a chart, the common points of the story theme, either the main point or its subdivisions together with its details, is revealed to the readers. What was attained in this research was its %70 similarity of Fakheri's poetry with what is said in the Qur'an, and %45 likeness with the Torah. In the thematical point of view, in 40 studied items the poem has %12.5 difference with the Qur'an and %55 difference with the Torah. To attain a thorough corollary from the 40 studied items, we calculated the posed event, in general or trivial we used once more the percentage method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Gender and education; The approach of public education systems to the issue of gender
zeinab khaksar HASAN MALEKI Jamileh Sadat Alam al-Hoda Abbas AbbaspourThe issue of gender and the resulting considerations in the field of educational policy-making have created common issues regardless of cultural and social differences in educational systems. Issues that identify and explain commonalities and differences can help us bet MoreThe issue of gender and the resulting considerations in the field of educational policy-making have created common issues regardless of cultural and social differences in educational systems. Issues that identify and explain commonalities and differences can help us better understand the scope of issues related to gender and education and policy making. The present qualitative research has been conducted with the aim of identifying the nature of the issues governing the relationship between gender and education using systematic review. In this process, while evaluating domestic and foreign articles and researches related to gender and education in valid scientific databases, 39 Persian and English sources in three axes of identifying the dimensions, contexts and levels of gender and education in the final stage are analyzed. The results of this study indicate that the main challenge of educational systems in Western countries is at the level of educational structures and is influenced by the issue of rejecting or justifying gender segregation, while in Iran, the main challenge of gender considerations is at the curriculum level. In addition, it seems that the common ground of issues in this field in all educational systems is the issue of gender / gender differences influenced by anthropological principles, which explains the approach of that system to the issue of gender and the considerations arising from it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Explaining the Physical Components of the Landscape of Historical Gardens among the Women Who Refer to Them (With the Approach of Improving the Quality of Landscape Healing) (Case study: Historical gardens of Shiraz)
mozhdeh mokhtari mansour yeganeh Reza Afhami Historical gardens, as a healing landscape as a platform that influences the culture and the body, soul and mind of users, especially women, should provide a basis for peace of mind and culture of users with their surroundings. Provide a healing purpo More Historical gardens, as a healing landscape as a platform that influences the culture and the body, soul and mind of users, especially women, should provide a basis for peace of mind and culture of users with their surroundings. Provide a healing purpose. In this regard, in this article, the main purpose of evaluating the effects of the physical components of historic gardens on the healing quality of women's landscape. This article, according to the method, is descriptive-analytical and is applied based on the purpose. The method of data collection in this study is documentary and survey with a questionnaire and data analysis was performed using factor analysis and multivariate regression test in SPSS and structural equation modeling in Amos environment. The statistical population included women referring to the historical gardens of Eram, Delgosha, Takht, Khalili, Jahannama, Narenjestan Ghavam, Karim Khan citadel, Bagh-e Nazar, Haft Tanan and Jannat, with a sample size of 180 people. Findings from confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modeling also showed that 73.4% of the changes in the quality of landscape healing of women are affected by factor loads related to the physical components of historic gardens, according to which the quality of landscape healing In historical gardens, solutions such as culture building; Prevent the creation of abandoned spaces in study gardens; Not to build long routes in such a way that no other route interferes with it; Allocating special spaces to women in study gardens; Allocation of spaces is provided only for the use of women and … Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - Identifying dimensions of the quality of work life based on generational differences with a meta-synthesis approach
سارا غلامرضائی پور کرمانی زهرا انجم شعاع sanjar salajeghe رستم پوررشیدی Akbar NazariAbstract The importance of the quality of work life in different working generations depends on various factors such as the values, priorities, and job expectations of each generation. In general, it can be said that quality of work life is important to all generations MoreAbstract The importance of the quality of work life in different working generations depends on various factors such as the values, priorities, and job expectations of each generation. In general, it can be said that quality of work life is important to all generations, but different generations may place more importance on certain aspects of quality of work life. However, the lack of literary evidence on this topic has led to this research. This research has been conducted with the aim of identifying the dimensions of the quality of work life based on generational differences using the method of meta-synthesis qualitative analysis. In this research, 137 articles were examined according to the seven stages of metacomposition, and finally 34 articles were approved. The results of the meta-synthesis analysis showed that the individual dimension includes components such as individual professional development, career prospects and professional skills. The family dimension includes family support, work-family balance, and family affiliation. The organizational dimension includes job participation, managers' support, organizational culture, organizational commitment, and perceived organizational justice. The social dimension includes components such as social status, interpersonal interactions and communication in the social environment. In addition, job dimension includes job satisfaction, salary and benefits, job identity, job security and work autonomy. A total of 19 components were extracted, the most frequent of which were related to the components of organizational commitment and communication with the social environment. Also, the reliability of the analysis was evaluated using the Kappa coefficient, which was equal to 0.78. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Ethno-cultural Crises: Constructing and Re-constructing Identities in Zadie Smith’s White Teeth
Faranak Shahmoradi Bahman Zaarinjooee Leila Baradaran JamiliThe cultural diversity of the city of London is the result of the clash of various cultures of immigrants to this land from all over the world and the hegemony of the dominant native culture, which confronts the immigrant and his family with serious crises. This researc MoreThe cultural diversity of the city of London is the result of the clash of various cultures of immigrants to this land from all over the world and the hegemony of the dominant native culture, which confronts the immigrant and his family with serious crises. This research is a theoretical study done as library research and using an analytical-descriptive approach. In doing so, the role of cultures in constructing and re-constructing the identity of people in multicultural Britain in White Teeth (2000) and the effects caused by the crisis between diverse cultures and ethnicities have been investigated. In this article, Stuart Hall’s perspective of cultural studies, Chris Barker’s interpretations of the process of cultural pluralism, and its problems are used in the analysis of Zadie Smith’s White Teeth. Smith, in most of her works, deals with the problems of multiculturalism especially in London, which is often influenced by her personal experiences as a Jamaican-English immigrant. This research seeks to answer the fundamental questions: What is this crisis, in what areas has it occurred, and how has it challenged these cultural problems in London society? The answer to these questions is a useful help for ethno-cultural problems in multicultural societies. Smith has depicted the internal and external challenges of immigrants in the modernized world of the 21st century. A careful reading of Smith’s works, especially White Teeth, shows that this author touches on the most sensitive cultural issues, marks and challenges them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - A physical experience of the gender difference in the behavior and sensory perceptions of elementary school students about the home environment and family behavior with an emphasis on educational management (a case study of 7-9 year old girls and boy
Seyed Kasra Mirpadyab Moein Adham Kasmaei Mohammadreza Tabadar Mohammadreza Khoshzadeh MarkeThis research seeks to achieve a correct analysis with the observation and experience of the author's body to understand the gender difference in elementary school students' behavior and perception of the concept of home and family in their drawings. In order to see how MoreThis research seeks to achieve a correct analysis with the observation and experience of the author's body to understand the gender difference in elementary school students' behavior and perception of the concept of home and family in their drawings. In order to see how the child understands the existence of himself and his family inside the home. Therefore, like a native among the natives, the author tried to be present among the primary school students and in addition, he examined their behavior. The gender differentiation of their perception while drawing children's drawings has been explored. In this study, the statistical population was 172 children in elementary school, 86 boys and 86 girls. The data has been presented and analyzed with ethnographic narratives in the form of field note-comment anthology units, and then by analyzing the content of the students' paintings, we identified the parameters of their gender perception and the level of accuracy in drawing each gender. We analyzed the parameters. The results are in accordance with the previous studies on the gender difference in perception and show that children have a correct understanding of size, age, proportions and facts, and girls, unlike boys, pay attention to the beauty of appearance, details of clothes, and boys are more realistic in their drawings. They turn and the vehicle is seen in their drawings. The results are in accordance with the previous studies on the gender difference in perception and show that children have a correct understanding of size, age, proportions and facts, and girls, unlike boys, pay attention to the beauty of appearance, details of clothes, and boys are more realistic in their drawings. They turn and the vehicle is seen in their drawings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - Study the Relationship Between Organizational Learning Capabilities and Organizational Indifference Staff (Case study: Isfahan University Staff)
Hedayat allah Davarpanah Reza Hoveida The purpose of this research was study the relationship between organizational learning capabilities and organizational Indifference employees in Isfahan university. Present research is practical and the method was descriptive correlative. Statistical population o More The purpose of this research was study the relationship between organizational learning capabilities and organizational Indifference employees in Isfahan university. Present research is practical and the method was descriptive correlative. Statistical population of the research included all isfahan university staff in four Vice Chancellor: Financial and Administrative, Educational, Research, Socio-cultural and student affairs university, 344 persons in year 2015-16. That based on Krejcie and Morgan table,182 persons selected as sample. With regard to the main purpose of this research stratified sampling was used. To collect information researcher has used two questionnaire, one organizational Indifference Danaei fard et. Al. (1389), and the other organizational learning capability Chiva et. Al (2007). Findings showed: the organizational learning capability has a significant and negative relationship with organizational Indifference and its dimensions except for indifference toward client (P). furthermore Variance Analysis Results Showed organizational learning capability Components except for risk can predict organizational Indifference. Also t-Test and variance analysis showed that there is no significant difference among organizational Indifference based on demographic features except for age (p≥0.05); and significant difference among organizational learning capability based on demographic features except fo Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - تحلیل کیفی تأثیر عوامل فرهنگی اجتماعی و انگیزشی بر مشارکت سیاسی زنان شهر تهران
زهرا صیامیان گرجی منصور وثوقی علی باصری باقر ساروخانی بهرام قدیمیزنان نقش مؤثری در فرآیند مشارکت اجتماعی سیاسی در ایران در سالهای بعد از پیروزی انقلاب اسلامی ایفا نمودهاند. در هر دوره از انتخابات، شکل خاصی از فرآیند مشارکت سیاسی وجود داشته است و در هر حوزة جغرافیایی، زنان نقش متفاوتی در فرآیند مشارکت سیاسی بهویژه مشارکت انتخ Moreزنان نقش مؤثری در فرآیند مشارکت اجتماعی سیاسی در ایران در سالهای بعد از پیروزی انقلاب اسلامی ایفا نمودهاند. در هر دوره از انتخابات، شکل خاصی از فرآیند مشارکت سیاسی وجود داشته است و در هر حوزة جغرافیایی، زنان نقش متفاوتی در فرآیند مشارکت سیاسی بهویژه مشارکت انتخاباتی ایفا کرده اند. درک چگونگی مشارکت سیاسی زنان را میتوان در زمرة عوامل تعیینکنندة رقابتهای انتخاباتی در ایران دانست. مشارکت سیاسی به عنوان یکی از شاخصهای عمده توسعه در جامعهشناسی سیاسی است که در قالبهای مختلفی شکل میگیرد. در این مقاله تلاش شده است عوامل مؤثر بر مشارکت سیاسی زنان مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. بنابراین هدف اصلی این مقاله بررسی رابطة بین عوامل فرهنگی و اجتماعی و میزان مشارکت سیاسی زنان در رقابتهای انتخاباتی ریاست جمهوری 1396 دانست. پژوهشی که این مقاله از آن استخراج شده است با روش کیفی (دلفی) انجام شده است. در پژوهش حاضر، جامعة آماری خبرگان علوم سیاسی بوده است که از میان آنان ده نفر با روش نمونه گیری هدفمند اطلاعات محور و براساس قاعده اشباع نظری انتخاب و نظرات آنان با استفاده از پرسشنامه های باز و نیمه باز وطی سه راند دریافت و از طریق کد گذاری های باز، محوری و گزینشی تحلیل گردید. در بخش تحلیل کیفی، پس از کدگذاری و مقوله بندی، 48 شاخص و 8 مقوله و مفهوم تحت عنوان عوامل زمینه ای، عوامل درون انگیزه، عوامل تطمیعی ، عوامل دوربرد، باورها و ارزش های تبلیغ شده، جامعه پذیری و اعتماد اجتماعی ، شرایط خانوادگی، اشاعه ی مفاهیم فرهنگی – اجتماعی به دست آمد و مشخص شدکه عوامل زمینه ای بیشترین نقش را در مشارکت سیاسی زنان دارند و پس از آن به ترتیب عوامل درون انگیزه، تطمیعی، دور برد، باور ها و ارزشها، جامعه پذیری و اعتماد اجتماعی، شرایط خانوادگی و اشاعه ی مفاهیم فرهنگی – اجتماعی قرار می گیرند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - Factor Structure, Reliability and Measurement Invariance of the Achievement Goal Questionnaire in Male and Female University Students
zahra shabrokh foumani Seyed ali Hosseini AlmadaniThe main purpose of the present study was to investigate psychometric properties of the Achievement Goal Questionnaire- Revised (AGQ-R, Elliot & Murayama, 2008) among Iranian male and female university students. 332 students (141 male and 191 female) completed the A MoreThe main purpose of the present study was to investigate psychometric properties of the Achievement Goal Questionnaire- Revised (AGQ-R, Elliot & Murayama, 2008) among Iranian male and female university students. 332 students (141 male and 191 female) completed the AGQ-R, the Schoolwork Engagement Inventory (SEI, Salmela-Aro & Upadaya, 2012) and the School Burnout Inventory (SBI, Salmela-Aro, Kiuru, Leskinen & Nurmi, 2009). The confirmatory factor analysis and multi-group confirmatory factor analysis methods were used to compute the AGQ-R's factorial validity and its gender invariance, respectively. The results of confirmatory factor analysis based AMOS software showed that the fore factor model of AGQ-R (mastery-approach, mastery-avoidance, performance-approach and performance-avoidance) fit well to the data across two groups. The results of multi-group confirmatory factor analysis revealed the cross-group invariance of factorial structure, factor loadings, and factor variances and covariance’s of the AGQ-R across male and female university students. Internal consistency for the different types of achievement goals consisting of mastery-approach, mastery-avoidance, performance-approach and performance-avoidance goals was 0/76, 0/78, 0/90 & 0/85, respectively. In sum, the findings emphasizing the group invariance of factorial structure of AGQ-R in male and female students suggested that it measured the same construct in these two groups. On the other hand, these findings provide evidence for the validity and reliability of the AGQ-R to measure achievement goals in the 2×2 conceptual framework in both sexes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - a
زهرا شبرخ فومنی سیدعلی حسینی المدنی -
Open Access Article
156 - Gender differences in the structural model of borderline personality, emotional regulation strategies and domestic violence
Roya Aftab Ahmad Karbalayi Sadegh TaghiloIn an emotional waterfall model, in order to avoid maladaptive emotional regulation strategies to externalization, people with borderline personality venture out on externalization of violence towards their spouse. Yet gender differences in this model is ignored. The pu MoreIn an emotional waterfall model, in order to avoid maladaptive emotional regulation strategies to externalization, people with borderline personality venture out on externalization of violence towards their spouse. Yet gender differences in this model is ignored. The purpose of this study was to determine gender differences in the structural model in which borderline personality and emotional regulation strategies, thought rumination and suppression of thought is predicted in a form of domestic violence model. For this purpose, in a descriptive study, correlational type 311 married students were selected. They were tested in terms of conflict tactics, borderline signs, ruminative response styles and repression. Findings indicated that the study structural model fit with data of both groups of men and women in a different way. In this study, the relationship between borderline personality and rumination, as well as the relationship between borderline personality and domestic violence were stronger in women than men. It seems Neuroticism trait may be a factor causing women with borderline personality get more involved with different forms of violence, including domestic violence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - Individual differences in technology acceptance: A study on the independent or mediating role of gender and age in technology acceptance models
Zahra HosseiniAbstract Individual differences, especially gender and age, in the use of technology, have long been one of the basic questions in determining the factors affecting the use of technology. According to the use of different models of acceptance, among available studi MoreAbstract Individual differences, especially gender and age, in the use of technology, have long been one of the basic questions in determining the factors affecting the use of technology. According to the use of different models of acceptance, among available studies, an agent role and an independent role for individual characteristics have been considered. Since the existing literature is carried out in different cognitive contexts and on a variety of technologies, there is no agreement on the modulating or independent impact of gender and age. Accordingly, this study aimed to study both roles of these changes on a sample of 335 Islamic Azad University students who were selected collaboratively and was conducted on the technology of using the Internet on mobile phones. The data was collected using the technology acceptance questionnaire of Davis (1989) which was adapted to the mobile internet technology and its validity was confirmed. Data analysis is done using a t-test and analysis of variance (to determine the different roles of changes and a linear regression test to determine the role of adjustments. The results show a stronger role of gender on the components of perceived usefulness, behavioral intention, and behavior While the independent role of age only on the component of receiving meaningful usefulness and age showed its effect concerning usefulness and intention and changing the intention of behavior using mobile internet technology. These results showed the complexity of the role of individual differences in influence in technology adoption. proposed and suggests taking both mediating and independent roles of these changes in the use of technology models in research. Manuscript profile
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