antioxidant activity

 Introduction: Due to the richness of nutrients, especially at ambient temperature, doogh is prone to contamination with some microorganisms, which causes changes in the product flavor and its bloating during storage. Therefore, the use of natural antimicrobials su More

 Introduction: Due to the richness of nutrients, especially at ambient temperature, doogh is prone to contamination with some microorganisms, which causes changes in the product flavor and its bloating during storage. Therefore, the use of natural antimicrobials such as Nepeta crispa exract to increase doogh shelf life while increasing its marketability can be important. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of Nepeta crispa alcoholic extract on the qualitative properties of doogh.Materials and Methods: The compounds of Nepeta crispa extract were identified using GC-MS. Antioxidant activity, physicochemical (pH, acidity and viscosity), microbial (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus count) and sensory (taste, odour, texture and overall acceptance) characteristics of doogh containing different concentrations of Nepeta crispa extract (1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/ml) were investigated during storage. ANOVA and Duncan test were used for statistical analysis.Results: Thymol (53%) was the most identified compound in the extract of Nepeta crispa. The MIC of Nepeta crispa extract against E.coli and S.aureus was 2.5 and 1.5 mg/ml, respectively. The MBC of the extract against E.coli and S.aureus was 5 and 3 mg/ml, respectively. During storage, by adding plant extract, the acidity and viscosity of the samples increased and the pH decreased. Increasing the concentration of the extract increased the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of doogh. The sample containing 2.5 mg/ml extract had the highest overall acceptance score, therefore, this sample was selected as the best treatment.Conclusion: Nepeta crispa extract has antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and might be used as a natural preservative in doogh. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Effect of Encapsulated Grape Extract in Nanochitosan-TPP on Shelf life of Surimi (Clupeonella cultriventris) in 4º ± 1 C
S. Soleymanfallah Zh. Khoshkhoo S.E. Hosseini M. H. Azizi

10.30495/jftn.2023.73183.11252

Introduction: In this study, the effect of an aqueous extract of grape microencapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles (0.5 / 1) was used to evaluate the shelf life of surimi prepared from Kilka fish by ionic gelation method.Materials and Methods: Grape was extracted aqueou More

Introduction: In this study, the effect of an aqueous extract of grape microencapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles (0.5 / 1) was used to evaluate the shelf life of surimi prepared from Kilka fish by ionic gelation method.Materials and Methods: Grape was extracted aqueously, and total phenol content was detected by spectrophotometry and phenolic acids of the extract by HPLC method.  Physical properties of nanoparticles including particle size, zeta potentia and PDI were determined with zeta-sizer, and microencapsulation efficiency was determined by spectrophotometer and loading capacity of nanoparticles by HPLC method. Antioxidant activity of free extract and chitosan nanoparticles with / without extract (by DPPH test) was determined.  The total count was determined by cryophilic, mesophilic, pseudomonas, mold, and yeast and inhibition capacity (MIC, MBC and IZ) of selected Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and mold and yeast in different treatments days (0 , 1 , 3 , 6  and 9 ) at refrigeration temperature.Results: The data showed that the produced nanoparticles were in a favorable condition (particle size, zeta potential and PDI: 177.5 nm, +32.95 mV and 0.385 and the efficiency of microencapsulation and loading of nanoparticles were 48.95 and 6.19 percent, respectively). The phenolic content of the extract was 2896 ±18 mg/g and the extract in the loaded state showed a higher percentage of antioxidant activity (42.1%). Growth inhibition in microorganisms (gram positive and negative) is also increased and the overall amounts of bacteria and mold and yeast decreased, and the total values of cryophilic bacteria (6.35 ± 0.29 CFU/g), mesophilic bacteria (6.18 ± 0.27 CFU/g), Pseudomonas (5.41 ± 0.14 CFU/g), and mold and yeast (2.45 ± 0.26 CFU/ /g) in the last day of experiment, showed a significant decrease in the growth of microorganisms.   Conclusion: According to the results, the use of chitosan nanoparticles containing extract in surimi of Kilka fish can delay microbial decay and increase the product resistance to free radicals and thus increase the shelf life of the product during the storage period in the refrigerator. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Effect of Millard reaction on antioxidant and emulsifying properties of lentil protein hydrolysate(Lens culinaris)
S. Faraji M. Mirzae S. Mirdamadi

10.30495/jftn.2022.67292.11205

 Introduction: Protein hydrolysates and bioactive peptides that have health benefits for consumers and protein glycolysis is a well-known strategy for increasing the health benefits and functional qualities of proteins. The subjects of this study were the effects o More

 Introduction: Protein hydrolysates and bioactive peptides that have health benefits for consumers and protein glycolysis is a well-known strategy for increasing the health benefits and functional qualities of proteins. The subjects of this study were the effects of temperature, pH, and sugar type on the progress of the Mailard reaction in lentil protein hydrolysate, as well as its antioxidant and emulsification capabilities.Materials and Methods: The protein isolated from lentil seeds was hydrolyzed enzymatically by alkalase and mixed with glucose and lactose.  Millard reaction occured at temperatures of 60 and 80 ° C and pHs of 6.5 and 11. The reaction progress was tracked over time by measuring the color intensity at 420 nm and the values of free amine groups using OPA method. The ABTS radical scavenging activity  and  emulsification capabilities of the  final products product were analysed.Results: The results revealed that the reaction of lentil protein hydrolysate with glucose at 60 ° C and pH of 6.5 produced the most deep brown color. The findings of measuring the number of free amine groups also confirmed the results. Lactose sugar products with a lesser browning degree have the greatest effect on increasing antioxidant activity. Overall, the antioxidant activity of lentil protein hydrolyate increased from 24.18 to 60.97%, and its emulsifying function was enhanced.Conclusion: Overall, the results demonstrated that the Millard interaction between lentil protein hydrolysate proteins and peptides increases its health and functional qualities, and the product has the potential to be exploited in the formulation of functional foods. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Evaluation of antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-fungal compounds of pistachio essential oil from rose-hip extract against some bacteria and molds
sepideh khorasany Fatemeh shahdadi

10.30495/jftn.2022.64555.11166

In this study, phenolic compounds, anti-radical, antibacterial activity (against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and anti-mildew (against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus) essential oil of rosehip extract were studied. Phenolic compounds and a More

In this study, phenolic compounds, anti-radical, antibacterial activity (against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and anti-mildew (against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus) essential oil of rosehip extract were studied. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were determined by Folin Siocalto methods and free radical scavenging of DPPH, respectively. The antibacterial and antifungal effect of pulp extract from rose water was tested by serial dilution titration method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). The results showed that the amount of phenolic compounds in total pulp essential oil obtained from rose water was 110.55 mg gallic acid / ml of essential oil and IC50 was 82.5 μl / l. With increasing the concentration of essential oil, the percentage of removal of DPPH free radicals increased and the concentration of 1000 ppm of essential oil had 92.4% of the free radical scavenging activity of DPPH. In the study of the effect of essential oil on microbial properties, it was found that it has an inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, but this inhibitory effect is much less compared to the two antibiotics streptomycin and penicillin. It was also observed that the essential oil of rose-hip extract has a good inhibitory effect against Aspergillus flavus mold, which is equivalent to the antibiotic nystatin and much better than the antibiotic fluconazole, and has inhibitory effects against Aspergillus parasiticus mold. It has twice the inhibitory effect of the antibiotic fluconazole and half the antibiotic nystatin Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Studying the Effects of pH and Storage Time on Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oil and Extracts of Lemon Verbena (Lippia citriodora) in Model Food System
A. A. Gholamhosseinpour S. M. B. Hashemi S. Shokri

Introduction: Lippia Citriodoraplantis is a rich source of flavonoids that can reduce the microbial and oxidative deteriorations of food in general and therefore can extend the shelf-life of the food systems. Materials and Methods: For evaluation of the antimicrobial a More

Introduction: Lippia Citriodoraplantis is a rich source of flavonoids that can reduce the microbial and oxidative deteriorations of food in general and therefore can extend the shelf-life of the food systems. Materials and Methods: For evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of essential oil and extract, the treated food emulsions by 1% and 2% essential oil and aqueous-alcoholic extract at the pH of 5, 7 and 9 were employed. Peroxide value, anisidine value, conjugated dienes, as oxidative parameters, and also total counts of microflora were measured during eight days of storage. Results: Essential oil and aqueous-alcoholic extract showed good antimicrobial activities under the experimental conditions. There were not significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in the results concerned with DPPH and FRAP between essential oil and aqueous-alcoholic extract. The results of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oil and aqueous-alcoholic extract in model food system showed that both essential oil and extract decreased the total counts of microorganisms and the amounts of oxidative rancidity as compared to the control during 8 days of storage. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oil and extract showed a direct correlation with the pH, therefore the mentioned activities were higher at lower pH values. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the essential oil and extract of Lippia Citriodora can be used as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents in food products. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Evaluation of Various Technological Factors (Variety, Drying Method, Solvent Type, Time) on Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Date Palm Seed in Jiroft Region
P. Saeedi M. Honarvar F. Shahdadi

10.30495/jftn.2022.19307

Introduction: Date palm seeds are obtained as waste in many date packing and processing workshops and have extensive therapeutic properties in traditional medicine.Materials and Methods: In this study different cultivars of date seeds (Kaluteh, Mardasang, Khanizi and Mo More

Introduction: Date palm seeds are obtained as waste in many date packing and processing workshops and have extensive therapeutic properties in traditional medicine.Materials and Methods: In this study different cultivars of date seeds (Kaluteh, Mardasang, Khanizi and Mozafati) were dried by two methods (sun and oven dried), then their extracts were obtained using methanol (80%), ethanol (50%) and hot water on solvents at 6, 12 and 18 hours of extraction. The amount of phenolic compounds using Folin-Ciocalteu method, antioxidant activity by DPPH method and soluble fiber by AOAC standard analysis method were determined.Results: The results showed that the highest amount of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were obtained in Mordasang cultivar by sun drying method, methanol of 80% and 18 hours of extraction time respectively (10.08,93.38%) , in Kaluteh cultivar by sun drying method, hot water extraction and 12 hours of extraction time, respectively (8.03,87.94%) in Khanizi cultivar by oven drying method, ethanol of 50% and 18 hours of extraction time respectively(7.36, 71.91%)  and in Mazafati cultivar by sun drying method, methanol of 80% and 12 hours of extraction time, respectively (8.48, 88.95%). The highest and lowest amount of insoluble fiber were observed in Mordasang cultivar by sun drying method and Mozafati cultivar by sun drying method, respectively. The highest and lowest amount of soluble fiber were related to Kaluteh cultivar by sun drying method and Khanizi cultivar by oven drying method.Conclusion: In general, this study showed that the seeds of different date cultivars in the Jiroft region, despite having anti-radical properties and rich in natural antioxidants, are affected by variety and drying method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - An Investigation on the Effects of Hydrolysis Conditions on the Extraction of Antioxidant Peptides from Peanuts
H. Hajikazemi M. Mirzaei S. Mirdamadi

Introduction: The use of protein hydrolysate containing antioxidant peptides in the formulation of functional food has been increasing recently. The types and sequences of amino acids, the type of hydrolyzing enzymes and hydrolysis progress have some important impacts o More

Introduction: The use of protein hydrolysate containing antioxidant peptides in the formulation of functional food has been increasing recently. The types and sequences of amino acids, the type of hydrolyzing enzymes and hydrolysis progress have some important impacts on the properties of protein hydrolysate. Materials and Methods: In this research, the effects of pepsin and alcalase enzymes (E/S:1/10) under optimal conditions of each ones, were investigated on the extraction of antioxidant peptides from peanuts protein. Peanut’s oil was extracted using solvent extraction method and protein was precipitated at isoelectric point. The extracted protein was subjected to the pepsin and alcalase enzymes for maximum period of five hours. The progress of hydrolysis was considered every thirty-minutes using Ortho-Phthalaldehyde (OPA) method. Results: The results indicated that the most hydrolysis occurs after 250 and 90 min of hydrolysis for pepsin and alcalase, respectively and the values of free amino acid groups increased from 167.0 to 263.0 μM leucin/mg protein (for alcalase) and from 415.0 to 517.0 μM leucin/mg protein (for pepsin). Moreover, the antioxidant activity of protein hydrolysate was investigated based on DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity. By increasing the degree of hydrolysis, the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity increased simultaneously. The maximum values of DPPH and ABTS free radicals scavenging activity were measured respectively, 5175.0 and 756.0 mMTE/mg proteins (for pepsin) and 3644.0 and 1087.0 mMTE/mg proteins (for alcalase). Conclusion: The results indicated that the progress of enzymatic hydrolysis of peanut protein by alcalase and pepsin enzymes leads to producing more antioxidant peptides and the final products obtained can be considered as a candidate for producing functional foods. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Riboflavin Antioxidant Scavenging Activity in the Presence of Sunlight
E. Vahhabi Nezhad M. Momen Heravi

Introduction: Free radicals are natural metabolic products that can cause some serious damages to living cells like molecular oxidation and genetic mutation. Antioxidants are natural or synthetic molecules which inhibit the living cell‘s oxidation caused by free r More

Introduction: Free radicals are natural metabolic products that can cause some serious damages to living cells like molecular oxidation and genetic mutation. Antioxidants are natural or synthetic molecules which inhibit the living cell‘s oxidation caused by free radicals. One of the natural antioxidants is riboflavin, which is available in many plants and animal materials. Riboflavin molecule is a photosensitive material which through the photochemical reaction causes chemical changes in the adjacent molecules. The effect of antioxidant and photosensitizer properties. Materials and Methods: In this study, the effect of four important parameters including temperature, riboflavin concentration, time and light irradiation on the antioxidant properties of riboflavin were investigated. The antioxidant activity of the riboflavin was determined based on the scavenging DPPH free radical (2, 2-diphnyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Results: The antioxidant activity of riboflavin is increased by increasing the concentration in the range of 0.4-0.7 mM. In the presence of sunlight, the free radicals of DPPH were completely scavenged by the antioxidant activity of riboflavin. In the applied temperature range, by increasing the temperature, the antioxidants activity became more intense in the free radical scavenging. Regarding kinetic, the DPPH free radical scavenging reaction was described using the first-order kinetic equation. Conclusion: According to this study, riboflavin as a photosensitive materials has a significant antioxidant effect on free radical DPPH in the presence of sunlight. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Comparison of Physicochemical Characteristics and Bioactive Components of Four Citrus Fruit Varieties -Their Evaluation for Juice and Concentrate Production
Seyed Yousef Pour Mir Ali resa Sadeghi Mahonak Javad Fatahi Moghadam mehran Alami

Introduction: Citrus fruits have different characteristics and properties consisting of physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant potential. In this study physical, quantitative and qualitative characteristic and bioactive components of four citrus varieties in th More

Introduction: Citrus fruits have different characteristics and properties consisting of physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant potential. In this study physical, quantitative and qualitative characteristic and bioactive components of four citrus varieties in the north part of Iran are studied for their possible use in the fruit juice and concentrate processing factories. Materials and Methods: Some characteristics and properties consisting of fruit length, diameter, spherical coefficient, volume, peel thickness, pulp percentage, juice percentage, TSS, sugar, TA, ascorbic acid, total phenolics and anti-oxidant capacity were determined according to the defined standard methods. Results: The results showed that fruits were different in shape. The highest and lowest length and volume have been found in Thomson orange and Unshiu mandarin respectively. Siavaraz orange and Unshiu mandarin had the maximum and minimum spherical coefficient (0.97 and 0.91) respectively. The Thomson orange with highest peel thickness (4.82 mm) and pulp (9.53%) had the lowest percent juice extracted in the Laboratory (31.15%) and in the production line (26.78%). There was the highest amount of total sugar and TA in Unshiu mandarin (9.19 g.g-100) and Siavaraz orange (1.85 g.g-100) respectively. Considering the bioactive compounds, the results revealed that there was the highest concentration of ascorbic acid and total phenolic compounds in Siavaraz orange (58.3 mg.g-100) and moro Blood orange (55.25mg.g-100) respectively. Furthermore, there were a positive correlation between the antioxidant activity and ascorbic acid (R2= 0.91) and total phenolic compounds (R2= 0.71). The lowest antioxidant capacity was related to Unshiu mandarin with 38/19%. Conclusion: Thomson orange was not a suitable variety for juice production due to high peel thickness and pulp, low juice percentage and also bitter taste after juice extraction. Inversely, Siavaraz orange had more industrial indices including high juice percentage, balance pulp and the highest spherical coefficient. Unshiu mandarin and Moro (Blood orange) might be consumed as fresh or be used for industrial juice extraction. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Evaluation of Anti-Fungal and Anti-Oxidant Properties of Chitosan and its Effect on the Moisture Absorption and Organoleptic Characteristics of Pistachio Nuts
Yahya Maghsoudlou Atefeh Maghsoudlo Morteza Khomeiri Mohammad Ghorbani

Introduction: Iran is one of the largest pistachio producer and exporter in the world. Unfavorable environmental storage conditions causes aflatoxin production, moisture absorption, tissue destruction, fat oxidation and undesirable flavor that leads to a drop in the qua More

Introduction: Iran is one of the largest pistachio producer and exporter in the world. Unfavorable environmental storage conditions causes aflatoxin production, moisture absorption, tissue destruction, fat oxidation and undesirable flavor that leads to a drop in the quality of the final product. The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-fungal and antioxidant properties of chitosan and its impact on the organoleptic characteristics of pistachio nuts.Materials and Methods: Pistachio nuts were prepared and coated with 1% (V/V) acetic acid and chitosan at 0.5, 1 and 1.5% (V/W) concentrations. Acetic acid coated pistachio was used to understand the antimicrobial effect of acetic acid. Pistachio kernels were coated and kept at room temperature (25-27 °C) for six months. During storage samples were examined every two weeks for mould and yeast growth and development of Aspergillus, peroxide value, TBA value, moisture and weight changes and sensory characteristics. Experiments were performed in factorial form in a completely randomized design.Results: The results showed that chitosan and acetic acid significantly (p <0.05) inhibited the growth of the Aspergillus. Chitosan reduced the rate of oxidation reactions and by increasing chitosan concentration the anti-fungal and anti-oxidant activities were increased. Chitosan also prevented moisture absorption and weight changes in pistachio nuts. Chitosan at 1.5%concentration had a significant effect (p <0.05) on the flavor of pistachio, but at other concentrations did not affect the flavor. Chitosan did not affect the color, texture and general acceptance significantly (p >0.05).Conclusion: Chitosan was found to be a proper material for coating of pistachio nuts. Chitosan solution at 1% concentration was selected as the best treatment Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Effects of Ultrasound Treatments on Color, Antioxidant Compounds, Sugar Profile of Jahrom Lime Juice
Z. Alaei Roozbahani

Introduction: Concerning the increase of consumers' knowledge about health and nutrition, consumers, along with increasing the shelf life of food products, want to maintain the original quality of the processed product. Sonication might be recognized as a potential tech More

Introduction: Concerning the increase of consumers' knowledge about health and nutrition, consumers, along with increasing the shelf life of food products, want to maintain the original quality of the processed product. Sonication might be recognized as a potential technique to improve improvement in the quality of fruit juices. Materials and Methods: The influence of thermal treatment and sonication on Physicochemical properties (°Brix, pH, electrical conductivity, cloud value and acidity), colour values, antioxidant compounds and activity (total phenolics, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, free radical scavenging activity), sugar profile, browning index and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural content were investigated. Results:  The results indicated that conventional pasteurization and sonication treatment did not show any significant changes in pH, acidity value, Brix, sugar and 5-HMF contents of juice, and however, a rise in cloud value and electrical conductivity and browning index were observed under all processing conditions. The thermal treatment caused the decrement in the bioactive compounds and antioxidants activity whereas sonication treatment for 90 min increased the maximum activity of bioactive compounds and antioxidants as compared to other treatment conditions and control. Some differences in all the colour values were also observed. Conclusion: thermal treatment causes decline in quality parameters of lime juice, whereas the significant increment in bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity was observed in juice samples after being exposed to sonication treatment. Therefore, ultrasound treatment might be considered as a good alternative to the thermal treatment in beverage industry. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Optimization of the Production of Protein Hydrolysates from Cotton Seed by Response Surface Methodology
P. Shabani B. Akbari - Adergani

Introduction: Protein hydrolysates are compounds with low molecular weight that after entering the body are easily absorbed and play important biological roles in cellular levels. The most important functions of bioactive compounds are antioxidant, antimicrobial, antica More

Introduction: Protein hydrolysates are compounds with low molecular weight that after entering the body are easily absorbed and play important biological roles in cellular levels. The most important functions of bioactive compounds are antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer activities and enhance the immune system. The main objective of this study was to produce cotton seed protein hydrolysate using pepsin enzyme that was optimized by response surface methodology. Materials and Methods: The factors investigated in this study were temperature (30-40◦C), time (2-5h) and enzyme/substrate ratio (0.5-2%) in order to obtain maximum antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activities were investigated using 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging capacity, total antioxidant capacity, reducing power and chelating activity. All of the experiments were designed according to the central composite design. Results: Each of the studied variables had a significant effect on the responses (p<0/05). The optimal conditions to achieve maximum antioxidant activity were temperature of 31.1◦C, time of 5h and enzyme/substrate ratio of 1.75%, respectively. Under these conditions, (DPPH) free radical scavenging capacity, reducing power, chelating activity, total antioxidant capacity and degree of hydrolysis were 83%, 0.158 Å, 70%, 1.99 mmol α- tocopherol/mL and 31.75%, respectively. Conclusion: Cotton seed protein hydrolysates have exhibited good antioxidant activity and might be employed as a natural antioxidant in food products and formulations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - The Effect of Essential Oil of Thyme (Zataria multiflora boiss) on the Sensory Properties and Oxidative Stability of Mayonnaise
H. Khajavi A. Ahmadi Dastgerdi

Introduction: Nowadays essential oils are considered as substitutes for synthetic additives in food products. Since the lipid oxidation is the main chemical process affecting mayonnaise deterioration, in this research, the antioxidant activity of essential oil ofthyme(Z More

Introduction: Nowadays essential oils are considered as substitutes for synthetic additives in food products. Since the lipid oxidation is the main chemical process affecting mayonnaise deterioration, in this research, the antioxidant activity of essential oil ofthyme(Zataria multiflora boiss)was determined for oxidative stability of treated mayonnaise (homogenized) during 6 months of storage. Materials and Methods: The antioxidant activities of the essential oil of thyme(0-150 µg/g) were investigated by DPPH method. The efficiency of this essential oil (144.4 µg/g) as a natural antioxidant in mayonnaise was studied by peroxide, anisidine, totox and thiobarbituric acid values. Results: GC analysis of the essential oil resulted in the identification of forty compounds. The essential oil characterized by a high number of monoterpenes such as thymol and carvacrol. Regarding anti-oxidation, the investigated essential oil strongly reduced the DPPH radical (IC50=144.4 g/ml). This study confirms that the essential oil of thymepossessed antioxidant properties in vitro. The results showed that the treatments containing essential oil and TBHQ significantly reduced the oxidation (p<0.05), while the control sample was oxidized faster. The essential oil had a significant effect on taste, odor and overall acceptance, but no significant difference was observed in color and texture. Conclusion: The results of the present experiments suggest that essential oil of thyme(Zataria multiflora boiss)can be used as a source of natural antioxidant for the application in food industries to prevent lipid oxidation particularly lipid-containing foods such as mayonnaise. Therefore, it can use as a natural antioxidant and flavoring compound in foods such as mayonnaise. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Optimizing of Eruca sativa (khandal) Extraction by Microwave Method and its Application in Marinated Huso huso (Beluga) Fillet
P. Salami N. Mooraki M. Honarvar

Introduction: Marination accompanied with the application of functional plant extracts is aconvenient method to preserve fish meat. The present study aims to extract Khandalcontaining antioxidant compounds by the use of microwave and applying it to marinatedfillets of B More

Introduction: Marination accompanied with the application of functional plant extracts is aconvenient method to preserve fish meat. The present study aims to extract Khandalcontaining antioxidant compounds by the use of microwave and applying it to marinatedfillets of Beluga in order to increase its shelflife at 4±1ºC.Materials and Methods: Microwave extraction optimization according to the solvent type,solvent ratio (5–15.5cc), time (10-30min) and power (90-270W) through RSM and applyingthe optimum extract in respect to the total phenolic compounds and the inhibitory potential ofDPPH free radicals for preparing marinates (i.e. control, treatments containing10 (T1),20 (T2),and 30% (T3) extract( and storage during 20days at 4±1ºC and monitoring the physical,chemical and sensory properties and comparing the results and data were carried out usingone-wayANOVA and chi-square methods.Results: The results indicated that the optimal extract was obtained by the use of water for30min, at 90W and solvent ratio of 5. Moreover, it was revealed that TBA inT2wassignificantly controlled as compared to other groups and the amount of TVB-N, in T2 and T3were lower significantly (P<0.05) and being controlled. In terms of water activity, the highestamount was observed in T2 at days 0 and 10. The highest WHC was observed in the controlon day 0, which was decreased during storage time. The texture hardness, color, appearanceand odor didn’t show significant difference among the groups, but taste and oral sensationwere differed significantly over time. In terms of texture analysis, due to excessivemarinating, the samples became soft and watery and low score was obtained. Examination ofacid-salt taste showed that the marinated samples had acidic and salty taste.Conclusion: It is concluded that the sample containing 20% of extract was selected as thebest group in controlling chemical spoilage. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - The Effect of Extraction Conditions on Antioxidant Properties of Zizyphus Fruit and Date Kernel Var. Mazafati
A. Namadipour A. R. Sadeghi Mahoonak M. Ghorbani

Introduction: Antioxidants are compounds that absorb free radicals and reduce the rate of oxidation, spoilage, colour changes and in general oxidative rancidity. The application of synthetic antioxidants has been limited for their possible side effects, therefore scient More

Introduction: Antioxidants are compounds that absorb free radicals and reduce the rate of oxidation, spoilage, colour changes and in general oxidative rancidity. The application of synthetic antioxidants has been limited for their possible side effects, therefore scientists have been searching for alternatives from natural sources. The aim of this study is to determine the optimum conditions to obtain date kernel and zizyphus fruit extracts. Materials and Methods: In this study, 9 solvent systems (3 single component solvent systems including water, ethanol and methanol and 6 two components solvent systems including water 50: ethanol 50, water 50: methanol 50, water 20: ethanol 80, water 80: ethanol 20 ,water 20: methanol 80 and water 80: methanol 20) at three time periods of 3, 5 and 7 hours in a shaking incubator with a stirring speed of 280 rpm were employed and the amount of extracted phenolic compounds were compared. After choosing the selected treatments evaluation of antioxidant activities concerning DPPH free radical scavenging, total antioxidant capacity and reducing power were performed. Results: the best solvent systems for zizyphus fruit extractions were water 50: ethanol 50 for two time periods of 5 and 7 hours and for date kernel extraction were water 50: ethanol 50 and water 20: ethanol 80 and ethanol for time period of 7 hours. All these extraction treatment were evaluated using antioxidant tests and solvent extraction system of water 50: ethanol 50 for period of 7 hours were selected as the best treatment. Conclusion: The results indicated that the solvent mixture consisting of polar and non-polar solvents had greater ability in extraction of phenolic compounds. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - Evaluation of Antifungal and Antioxidant Properties of Fennel Extract
N. Noshirvani H. Fasihi E. Nourmohammadi

Introduction: The recent literature search has introduced fennel and its extracts as potential products with excellent properties and characteristics. The aim of this investigation is to obtain fennel extracts and evaluate its antioxidant and antifungal activities. Mate More

Introduction: The recent literature search has introduced fennel and its extracts as potential products with excellent properties and characteristics. The aim of this investigation is to obtain fennel extracts and evaluate its antioxidant and antifungal activities. Materials and Methods: Water, acetone, methanol and ethanol were employed as solvents and extracts were obtained by soxhlet procedure. The amount of polyphenolic and flavonoid compounds of each extract was determined. In addition, the antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of fennel was evaluated based on DPPH radical scavenging activity. Afterwards, the effect of different concentrations of methanolic extract (0, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm) and powder (500 and 1000 ppm) of fennel on the oxidantion activity of sunflower seed oil was investigated in terms of peroxide and thiobarbituric acid values during 15 days of incubation at 70 ⁰C. The antifungal activity of powder and extract of fennel against Aspergillus niger and Penicillium digitatum was also investigated by disc diffusion test. Results: According to the obtained results methanol represented the highest efficiency in extraction of phenolic compounds. The results indicated that fennel extract, especially at high concentrations, showed high DPPH radical-scavenging activity, however its effect was lower than that of TBHQ. The results of oxidation activity showed that the extract and powder of fennel, decreased the oxidation rate of sunflower seed oil as compared to the control. The results of microbiology test indicated good antifungal activity of fennel extract against the two tested microorganisms. Conclusion: Considering the results, fennel extract can be applied as a healthy plant source with good antioxidant and antifungal activities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - Investigate the Antioxidant Properties of Orange Peel Essential Oil (Citrus sinesis) on the Stability of Soybean Oil During Storage Conditions
B. Dehghan R. Esmaeilzadeh Kenari Z. Raftani Amiri

Introduction: The aim of this study is to investigate the type and amount of phenolic compounds in orange peel essential oil as a source of natural antioxidant and its effect on the oxidative stability of soybean oil. Materials and Methods: The compounds in orange peel More

Introduction: The aim of this study is to investigate the type and amount of phenolic compounds in orange peel essential oil as a source of natural antioxidant and its effect on the oxidative stability of soybean oil. Materials and Methods: The compounds in orange peel essential oil were determined using GC / MS. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the method of iron regeneration test and DPPHand then the essential oil in four different concentrations (2%, 5%, 10% and 20%) and the synthetic antioxidant TBHQ in the permissible range (0.01%) were added to soybean oil. Finally, the peroxide and thiobarbituric acid and conjugate diene values were determined. Results: D-Limonene was the predominant compound in orange peel essential oil. One gram of essential oil of orange peel contains 0.16 mg phenolic compounds based on dry galic acid. According to DPPH and regenerative power, orange peel essential oil showed antioxidant activity, although it was less active than TBHQ. Based on the oven test results as the concentration of essential oil is increased, higher antioxidant activity was observed. There was no significant difference between 5% and 10% concentrations based on the statistical tests, but with an increase in concentration up to 20%, the essential oil was acting as pro-oxidant (P <0.05). The result indicated that essential oil had the highest antioxidant activity at 5% concentration. Conclusion: The result indicated that the essential oil of orange peel had stabilising effect on soybean oil during thermal conditions as compared to control sample (P <0.05). Therefore, it might be employed as a natural antioxidant in foods, particularly those containing edible oils. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Dorema Aucheri Extract in Soybean Oil
R. Mohammadi M. Fazel E. Khosravi

Introduction: Due to the recognized antioxidant activities of compounds present in herbs and spices, there has been considerable interests concerned with this subject and the biological systems. This research work has been carried out in order to investigate the antioxi More

Introduction: Due to the recognized antioxidant activities of compounds present in herbs and spices, there has been considerable interests concerned with this subject and the biological systems. This research work has been carried out in order to investigate the antioxidant activity of Dorema Aucheri plant and also the application of its ethanolic extract to refined bleached and deodorized soyabean oil to retard the rate of oxidation. Materials and Methods: The effects of water and 96% ethanol as solvents on extracting efficiencies of phenolic compounds and flavonoids of the sample were investigated. The antioxidant activities of the samples with different added concentrations of the extract using DPPH radical scavenging and Ferric-reducing power were determined and evaluated. Results: The results showed that the aqueous extract has the highest extraction rate as compared to the ethanolic extract, however the highest concentrations of phenolic compounds (21.73 ± 0.89 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (14.99 ± 0.60 mg QE/g sample), and the lowest IC50 concerned with DPPH (2.05 mg extract/ mg DPPH) and the highest rate of Ferric reducing power (14.13 ± 0.06 mM Fe+2/mg) were related to the ethanolic extract. The results of oven test also indicated that the ethanolic extract at certain concentrations could control the rate of oxidation. Conclusion: The results of this investigation suggested that the Dorema Aucheri ethanolic extract might be employed as an antioxidant. Therefor one might introduce Dorema aucheri as a good source of natural antioxidant due to the presence of phenolic compounds.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Optimization of the Extraction of the Total Phenolics and Antioxidant Compounds from Solanum nigrum Fruit using Response Surface Methodology
F. Khanlari A. Yasini Ardakani N. Nasirizadeh

Introduction: Solanum nigrum L. (SN) is a herbal plant indigenous to the north-east of Asia. The plant is believed to have various biological activities. In this study, the optimum conditions for the extraction of phenolic compounds from Solanum nigrum were determined u More

Introduction: Solanum nigrum L. (SN) is a herbal plant indigenous to the north-east of Asia. The plant is believed to have various biological activities. In this study, the optimum conditions for the extraction of phenolic compounds from Solanum nigrum were determined using response surface methodology (RSM). Materials and Methods: Extraction was carried out using different solvents in order to determine the best solvent for the highest extraction yield. Central composite design was employed to optimise the three independent variables such as incubation temperature (25–70 ºC), time (30–240 min) and liquid-to-solid ratio (10–20 ml/g). Total phenols (TP) was measured using Folin – Ciocalteu method and IC50 scavenging activity was analyzed using DPPH method. Results: The preliminary experiments with p<0.05 showed that ethanol was the best solvent for the extraction of Solanum nigrum. The experimental data were fitted into a second-order polynomial equation and 3D response surfaces showed that the optimal conditions were at the temperature of 70 ºC, time of 30 min and liquid to solid ratio of 20 ml/g. These optimum conditions obtained the total phenolic compounds of 18.04 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g and DPPHsc of 61.9 μg/ml. Conclusion: The result of this study indicated the suitability of the response surface methodology employed in optimizing the extraction conditions. The optimized conditions showed a fast and high extraction yield of phenolic and antioxidant compounds from Solanum nigrum. Manuscript profile

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26 - Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Content of Chamomile (Chamomilla recutita L) Extract
A. Abaee M. Mohammadian S. Jaberipour

Introduction: Nowadays, there is a great intetest to use natural additives in food products especially compunds that are extracted from plants. Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is an annual herbaceous flowering plant native to Europe. It has been used traditionally More

Introduction: Nowadays, there is a great intetest to use natural additives in food products especially compunds that are extracted from plants. Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is an annual herbaceous flowering plant native to Europe. It has been used traditionally as a medicinal and pharmaceutical preparation due to its anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic properties. Materials and Methods: The amount of polyphenolic compounds and radical-scavenging activity of the aqueous extract of chamomile were studied under different conditions of heating, pH alterations and storage. Results: Heat treatment of 70-120°C at pH of either 5.6 or 2.6 for 5 and 15 minutes did not influence the phenolics content. However, acidification of the extract from the inherent value of 5.6 to 2.6 decreased the polyphenols content by 10%. The antioxidant activity of the extract decreased due to heating at 70, 80 and 90°C and the higher the heating temperature and the longer the heating duration, the lower was the antioxidant activity of the heat-treated extract. The amount of polyphenols in the extract with the inherent pH of 5.6 was increased over 25-day storage period that was attributed to the release of some phenolic compounds being bound to other compounds. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that polyphenols present in aqueous extract of chamomile are resistance to thermal process. But, the antioxidant activity of extract was reduced as the result of heating. However, it can be concluded that the phenolic compounds of chamomile extract had a high resistance to heat and showed a significant antioxidant activity after pasteurization process. Moreover, the phenolic compounds of the extract were stable in acidic pH during long-term maintenance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Green Synthesis of Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles by Curcumin Extracted from Turmeric and Evaluation of its Antioxidant activity
N. Khosh Lahjeha K. Larijani E. Pournamdari F. , Zamani Hargalani H. Saeidian

10.30495/jftn.2022.19314

Introduction: Gold nanoparticles can be used as a protective compound in the packaging of nutritionally valuable materials due to their non-toxic effects on humans and high antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Other applications in the food industry, such as the co More

Introduction: Gold nanoparticles can be used as a protective compound in the packaging of nutritionally valuable materials due to their non-toxic effects on humans and high antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Other applications in the food industry, such as the construction of sensors to identify the remnants of hazardous materials from agricultural and industrial processes, are conceivable for these materials. One of the methods of synthesis of these nanoparticles is the use of natural compounds due to reducing the side effects of chemicals, a new approach that in recent years has been referred to as "green chemistry".Materials and Methods: gold nanoparticles were synthesized using curcumin purified from turmeric as the main source of this compound. The synthesis process was investigated using UV-VIS, FT-IR spectroscopy methods. The structure and morphology of the nanoparticles were performed using XRD spectroscopy and TEM and SEM imaging. The antioxidant properties of gold-curcumin nanoparticles were evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging method.Results: Au-nanoparticles were synthesized using the green chemistry method using curcumin purified from turmeric in the form of a cross and cubic crystal structure of filled funds with an average size of 9.80 nm. Antioxidant studies showed that the free radical scavenging ability of gold-curcumin nanoparticles was increased as compared to pure curcumin.Conclusion: Curcumin as a natural compound with antioxidant properties has the ability to reduce gold ions and convert them into nanoparticles, and due to the use of these nanoparticles in the food industry, this method can be used as a green, inexpensive and eco-friendly. Manuscript profile

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28 - The Effect of Aloe vera Gel and Chitosan as an Oral Coating on the Quality Properties and Shelf Life of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) during Storage
amin imani elham danaee

10.30495/jfbt.2022.66795.10293

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Open Access Article

29 - The Correlation of Plant Species and Geographical Regions on Biological Component and Antioxidant Potential of Different Honey
M. Nouri

10.30495/jfbt.2022.66873.10288

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30 - Preparation and Investigation of Bioactive Properties of Protein Hydrolysates from Yogurt Whey
N. Karimi R. Pourahmad S. Taheri O. Eyvazzadeh

10.30495/jfbt.2022.19726

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Open Access Article

31 - Use of Alcoholic Extracts of Chicory, Clove and Pomegranate Peel in Production of Functional Ice- cream with Desirable Quality
S. Ghazizadeh R. Pourahmad L. Nateghi

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32 - Effects of Ultrasonic and High-Pressure Homogenization Pretreatment on the Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Antioxidant Activity of Yeast Protein Hydrolysate
Z.S. Moosavi S. Mirdamadi M. Mirzaei M. Laripoor

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Open Access Article

33 - The Stabilizing Effect of Three Varieties of Crude Mango Seed Kernel Oil on Tallow
J Jafari M Gharachorloo M. H. Hemmaci

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Open Access Article

34 - Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Massecuit III in Pasteurized Chocolate Milk Formulation
E. Afrasiabi M. Honarvar M. Mizani

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35 - Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Achillea Nobilis Extract and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant and Antibacterial properties
S. Mohamad Ebrahimzadeh Sepasgozar Sh. Mohseni B. Feyzizadeh A. Morsali

10.30495/jfbt.2022.19330

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Open Access Article

36 - Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity and Antimicrobial Effect of Rosa damascena Mill. Essential Oil Against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi
P. Kheirkhahan M. Ghavami A. Sharifan

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37 - Sequential Solvent Extraction of Red-Onion (Allium cepa L) Skin: Influence of Solvent Polarity on Antioxidant and Radical Scavenging Activity
S. Mahdian Kouchaksarayi S.M. Vahdat M. Hejazi M. Khavarpour Z. Salimi

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Open Access Article

38 - Effect of nickel and pH on antioxidant activity, and total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Cladophora glomerata
Zohreh Senobari Naser Jafari Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh

Excess Ni concentration is considered as a stressful factor for algae, and can affect their growth as alimiting factor. Ni toxicity can also induce oxidative stress in algae and plants by producing freeradicals. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different conce More

Excess Ni concentration is considered as a stressful factor for algae, and can affect their growth as alimiting factor. Ni toxicity can also induce oxidative stress in algae and plants by producing freeradicals. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of Ni and pH onantioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents ofextracts were determined by Folin-Ciocaltue assay and expressed based on mg of gallic acid per g ofextract. Then the antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts was assessed by using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). In this study, the highest phenolic content (1873 mg gallic acid/g extarct) andflavonoid content (1106 mg quercetin/g extarct) were obtained at pH=5. In the antioxidant activitytest, the maximum IC50 was recorded at pH=9. The results indicated that ethanolic extract ofCladophora glomerata has a noticeable antioxidant ability against various oxidative systems and itcan be used as an accessible source of natural antioxidant in food and pharmaceutical industries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

39 - Evaluation amount of compounds phenolic acids and Poly phenolic as for pepper varieties several by HPLC
نسرین رنجبر reza heidari rashid jamei

Pepper is a bush shrub that belonging to the Capsicum family. From a long time ago due to the effects of hyperglycemia and hypertension has long been used in traditional medicine in Iran. The most important metabolites pepper are phe The aim of this study was comparison More

Pepper is a bush shrub that belonging to the Capsicum family. From a long time ago due to the effects of hyperglycemia and hypertension has long been used in traditional medicine in Iran. The most important metabolites pepper are phe The aim of this study was comparison the amount of phenolic compounds, anthocyanins and Flavonoid in pepper extract collected from different parts of Iran and investigate its antioxidant properties .method: pepper plants collected of Isfahan, Urmia and Turkey in 1392.and kept in the freezer - 80 ° C until metabolites measurement . Then preparing the mix the peppers with methanol acidic, and measured phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties by HPLC.Result:Investigate methanol extracts of different areas showed that The highest amount of phenolic compounds according to vanilla acid (1.5 mg /g dry weight) as to reza Shahr and anthocyanins based on cyanidin - glucoside was as to Urmia region peppers and peppers area of Shahr Reza also had better antioxidant activity than other areas. Conclution: The results show that the pepper plant is rich in phenolic compounds and also have antioxidant properties. Eventually, it can be used as a herbal source of the antioxidant compound in food and pharmaceutical industry. Manuscript profile

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40 - Evaluation of Antioxidant activity, Total phenolic and Flavonoid content of the extract of Adonis aestivalis L. collected from Lorestan Province
mahboubeh taherkhani مجید قربانی مرضیه حسینی

Adonis aestivalis L. belongs to the Ranunculoidae sub family of Ranunculaceae family. Up to now many reports has proven the presence of tetraterpenoids, phenolic compounds and cardiac glycoside in the genus Adonis. The most important mentioned effect of A. aestivalis is More

Adonis aestivalis L. belongs to the Ranunculoidae sub family of Ranunculaceae family. Up to now many reports has proven the presence of tetraterpenoids, phenolic compounds and cardiac glycoside in the genus Adonis. The most important mentioned effect of A. aestivalis is it's uses in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmia or sexual problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content of the methanolic (%80) and ethyl acetate extract of A. aestivalis and compare them with each other. The total phenolic content (TPC) of the extracts of A. aestivalis was determined using the Folin ciocalteau assay at the presence of galic acid as standard and also the total flavonoid content (TFC) was determined using spectrophotometer methods at the presence of catechin as standard. Antioxidant activity of the extracts of A. aestivalis was determined upon Ferric-Reducing-Antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The result showed that the total phenolic content of the methanolic extract was determined to be 607.262.35 mg GAE/g sample and total flavonoid content 97.810.007 mg catechin equivalent/g sample more than ethyl acetate extract (378.378.64 mg GAE/g sample, 89.730.003 mg catechin equivalent/g sample, respectively). Also the FRAP properties of the methanolic extract of A. aestivalis was determined to be 3.9850.001 mg GAE/g sample more than ethyl acetate extract (3.4940.0004) mg GAE/g sample. The results showed that the methanolic extract of A. aestivalis has high antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content. Therefore further comprehensive investigation is required to determine the antioxidant properties of A. aestivalis. Manuscript profile

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41 - Investigation of Antioxidant Activity in Seed, Peel and Juice Extracts of Some Samples Iranian Pomegranate
Gholam Reza Najafi

Objective: In this research, a study was performed on several pomegranate populations from different cities of Iran, including: Qom, Saveh, Khorasan and Yazd (Qajagh poand black seed of Qom, Yazd Mikhosh and Khorasan glass pomegranate). For this purpose, characteristics More

Objective: In this research, a study was performed on several pomegranate populations from different cities of Iran, including: Qom, Saveh, Khorasan and Yazd (Qajagh poand black seed of Qom, Yazd Mikhosh and Khorasan glass pomegranate). For this purpose, characteristics such as the amount and type of compounds in the juice, antioxidant activity and evaluation of the active ingredients of tannins and flavonoids were considered.Material and Methods: In order to extract the juice, water and dried peel of the plant were drenched separately in water and methanol. The solvent was separated using a rotary and after drying the extract by vacuum oven, the samples were used in the antioxidant test of free radical reduction methods (DPPH).Results: The results of antioxidant test showed that sweet-and-sour Saveh pomegranate peel extract has the highest antioxidant effect in methanol solvent. Tannin test was performed on black seeds of Qom and Yazd. So, it was found that black seed pomegranate of Qom has the highest amount of tannin compounds. Based on the results of flavonoid test, black seed pomegranate had the highest amount. Finally, the chemical composition of black seed juice in Qom province was identified.Conclusion: These results showed that Qom black seed pomegranate has large amounts of natural sugars. Also, by comparing the amount of tannin in the samples, it was observed that the total amount in the sample of Yazd pomegranate is more than Qom black seed, but the amount of flavonoids in Qom black seed is more than Yazd pomegranate. Manuscript profile

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42 - Green Synthesis of iron nanoparticles using peppermint extract and spectroscopic application in characterization and evaluation of its antioxidant properties
Seyed Hashem Akhlaghi ابوالفضل موسوی محمد مهرشاد

In this study, leaf extracts were used to synthesize green nanoparticles of iron nanoparticles. Antioxidant properties of leaf extracts and extracts containing nano-iron particles were determined. Structural study of iron nanoparticles was performed using scanning elect More

In this study, leaf extracts were used to synthesize green nanoparticles of iron nanoparticles. Antioxidant properties of leaf extracts and extracts containing nano-iron particles were determined. Structural study of iron nanoparticles was performed using scanning electron microscopy. The formation of iron nanoparticles was confirmed by changing the color of the solution from yellow to brown. Antioxidant properties were observed in both leaf-containing extract and iron-containing extract of iron nanoparticles, and the addition of iron nanoparticles increased the antioxidant properties of peppermint. Structural analysis of iron nanoparticles using scanning electron microscopy showed that the shape of the particles is spherical and its average dimensions are 80-70 nm. Manuscript profile

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43 - Extracts from Thymus vulgaris and Origanum vulgare L. obtained by different separation processes: global yield and functional profile
Suzara Sena Theresa Dantas Camila Pereira

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44 - Characterization of bioactive compounds from Ficus vallis-choudae Delile (Moraceae)
Jean Jules Kezetas Bankeu Amadou Dawé Marius Mbiantcha Guy Raymond Feuya Iftikhar Ali Marthe Aimée Tchuente Tchuenmogne Lateef Mehreen Bruno Lenta Muhammad Ali Augustin Silvère Ngouela

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45 - Influence of different solvent polarities on the phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant properties of the fruit of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich
Babatunde Joseph Oso Oyedotun Oyeleke Olaniyi Soetan

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46 - Ficusanol, a new cinnamic acid derivative and other constituents from the roots of Ficus exasperata Vahl. (Moraceae) with antioxidant and cytotoxic activities
Stevine Claudiale Popwo Tameye Jean Claude Ndom Edwige Laure Nguemfo Jean Duplex Wansi Juliette Catherine Vardamides Anatole Guy Blaise Azebaze

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47 - Morphological and chemical characterization of two wild Tunisian myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) populations
W. Aidi Wannes M. Saidani Tounsi B. Marzouk

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48 - Phytochemical composition, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of essential oil of Acmella uliginosa (Sw.) Cass. grown in North India Terai region of Uttarakhand
Kanchan Gairola Shriya Gururani Ravendra Kumar Om Prakash Sanjeev Agarwal Shiv Dubey

10.30495/tpr.2021.680495

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49 - HPLC profile, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-proliferative activity of aerial parts of Ferula ovina (Boiss.) Boiss.
Mohamad Hassan Mohamadi Behnam Mahdavi Esmaeil Rezaei-Seresht Sahar Riahi-Farsani Nazanin Entezari

10.30495/tpr.2021.1929063.1207

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50 - Chemical constituents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the hexane extract of Alchemilla sericata Reichenb
Ali Shafaghat Akram Panahi Masoud Shafaghatlonbar

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51 - Chemical composition of the essential oil, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of Vitex pseudo-negundo seeds collected from northeastern Iran
Hashem Akhlaghi

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52 - Veronica crista-galli Steven and Veronica persica Poir. as anticancer and antioxidant plants in-vitro
Maryam Mohadjerani Sedigheh Asadollahi

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53 - Effect of solvent, time and method of extraction on the amounts of phenolic, flavonoid and the antioxidant activity of the extract of Ixiolirion tataricum (Pall.) Schult. & Schult.f.
Fatemeh Rabbani Malihe Samadi Kazemi

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54 - Preliminary phytochemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant properties of Malaysian ‘Kundang’ (Bouea macrophylla Griffith)
Kumeshini Sukalingam

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55 - Antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-prostate cancer activity of the extracts from different parts of Etlingera velutina (Ridl.) R. M. Sm (Zingiberaceae)
Behnam Mahdavi Majid Mohammadhosseini

10.30495/tpr.2022.699180

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56 - Drying Peppermint Medicinal plant (Mentha piperita) using Combinations of Shade and Microwave Treatments –Part Two: Investigating the Effects of Treatments on some Phytochemical Properties of Dried Leaves
Fatemeh Roozdar Majid Azizi askar ghani

10.30495/sarj.2023.1980401.1120

Drying is the most common way to preserve medicinal plants and protect their biochemical compounds. In order to investigate the effect of different drying methods on some phytochemical properties of Mentha piperitae, including the content of total phenolics, total flavo More

Drying is the most common way to preserve medicinal plants and protect their biochemical compounds. In order to investigate the effect of different drying methods on some phytochemical properties of Mentha piperitae, including the content of total phenolics, total flavonoids, flavon and flavonol, and also antioxidant activity and total carbohydrates, two experiments were conducted separately based on a completely randomized design with three repetitions. The results showed a significant effect of different drying methods on the studied traits (p<0.05). In simple drying, the maximum amount of total phenolics, total flavonoid, flavone and flavonols related to fresh sample, while the minimum amount of these compounds was obtained in oven treatment with a temperature of 70oC, but in the combined drying method, the maximum amount of total phenolics, total flavonoid and flavon and flavonol were found in the combination treatment of shade + microwave 450 W, and the minimum amount was observed in the microwave drying method of 100 W + shade. Also, in the simple drying method, samples dried in artificial shade with 88.83% and in combined drying with treatment shade + 450 W microwave with 0.48% had the maximum antioxidant activity. Therefore, it can be concluded that in the simple drying of the fresh sample and in the combined drying of the shade + 450 W microwave method, they will be very favorable because they will maintain the biochemical characteristics. Manuscript profile

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57 - Phytochemical Responses of White Savory (Satureja mutica Fisch and C.A.Mey.) to Foliar Application of Seaweed Extract and Ecormon Fertilizer
Saeid Reza Poursakhi Hossein Ali Asadi-Gharneh

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58 - Comparison of DPPH and FRAP Assays for Determination of Antioxidant Activity of electro-synthesized Polypyrrole /graphene nanocomposite
nafiseh hajiabdolah Mohammad Yousefi

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59 - Responses of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus.) Root to Foliar Application of Methanol under Water Deficit Stress
Saeed Reza Hosseinzadeh Farzad Paknejad Mohammad Nabi-Ielkaei Raheleh Ahmadpour

Water shortage in root environment is the main factor limiting crop growth and productivity in dry regions. There are many reports on the role of methanol spraying for increasing drought tolerance in C3 plants. For this reason, a factorial experiment was conducted using More

Water shortage in root environment is the main factor limiting crop growth and productivity in dry regions. There are many reports on the role of methanol spraying for increasing drought tolerance in C3 plants. For this reason, a factorial experiment was conducted using completely randomized block design with 3 replications at Khatam Alanbia University of Behbahan. Methanol applied with five levels; (control, 5, 15, 25 and 35% v/v) and water deficit stress with three levels: irrigation at 100% of field capacity, moderate water stress, irrigation at 75% of field capacity and severe water stress, irrigation at 25% of field capacity. Foliar application of methanol was applied 3 times during the growing season (at seedling, flowering and podding stages) with 10-days intervals. Results showed that the interactions of methanol × drought on the root dry weight, root diameter, root length (p<0.05) and root area (p<0.01) were significant. In normal irrigation conditions, methanol spraying 5, 15 and 25% increased significantly root dry weight as compared to control. Also, the interactions of methanol ×drought on protein and proline were significant (p<0.01). Methanol spraying incresed significantly root proline and protein contents. Interactions of methanol and drought on sodium and potasium consentration, (p<0.05) and calcium (p<0.01) was significant. Interactions of methanol ×drought on root activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase were significant (p<0.05). Also, the effect of drought stress on catalase enzyme activity was significant (p<0.01). Methanol spraying decreased root activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, significantly. Manuscript profile

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60 - Effect of Super Absorbent Polymer and Soil Texture Affecting the Physiological Response of Maize (Zea mays L.) under Water Deficit Stress
Alireza Moeini Ali Neshat Najme Yazdanpanah Amin Pasandi Pour

10.30495/JCEP.2022.1933322.1811

In order to evaluate the role of super absorbent polymer (SAP) for mitigating the water deficit stress at sandy and clay-loam soils, the effect of five values of SAP (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 g.kg-1 soil), three water treatment (the relative soil water content of 80, 60 More

In order to evaluate the role of super absorbent polymer (SAP) for mitigating the water deficit stress at sandy and clay-loam soils, the effect of five values of SAP (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 g.kg-1 soil), three water treatment (the relative soil water content of 80, 60, and 40%) and two soil textures (sandy and clay-loam) on biomass production, photosynthetic pigments, leaf gas exchange parameters, leaf relative water content (RWC), electrolyte leakage (REC), proline content, catalase, super oxide dismutase, and ascorbate peroxidase activity. The experiment was carried out with a factorial arrangement based on complete randomized design in triplicates at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Kerman, Iran. The results revealed that water deficit stress caused a significant decrease in net photosynthesis rate, leaf stomatal conductance, chlorophyll a+b content, RWC, plant height, and dry matter production of maize. CAT, SOD, APX activity, REC, and proline were elevated with increasing water deficit stress levels. Application of SAP under water deficit stress increased the net photosynthesis (32.3%), stomatal conductance (38%), chlorophyll a+b (23.9%), RWC (11.9%), and dry matter production (24%), while it decreased REC (10.8%), proline content (66.9%), CAT (42.7%), SOD (33.2%), and APX activity (34.3%) as compared to control. It can be concluded that application of SAP (0.8 g.kg-1 soil) improved plant growth of maize under water deficit stress through increasing the water holding capacity in soil. Manuscript profile

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61 - The Effect of Nitrogenous Fertilizers on Antimicrobial Activity and some Physiological Characteristics of Onion (Allium cepa L.)
Masoomeh Amerian

Onion is a medicinal plant which have many uses in traditional medicine. It is a valuable crop since ancient times and it ranks second after tomato among cultivated vegetables in the world. Also, onion has great importance in the diet of Iranian people. In this study ef More

Onion is a medicinal plant which have many uses in traditional medicine. It is a valuable crop since ancient times and it ranks second after tomato among cultivated vegetables in the world. Also, onion has great importance in the diet of Iranian people. In this study effect of different nitrogen levels (56, 112, 168 and 224 mg.L-1) on antimicrobial activity and some physiological characteristics of bulb extracts were studied.The highest and lowest amounts of inhibitory efficacy of methanol extract of onion bulbs at concentration of 0.30 mg.L-1 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis, were observed. According to the results, different levels of nitrogen had a positive effect on the antimicrobial properties onion bulb extract. With increased nitrogen concentration in nutrient solution, antimicrobial activity onion bulb extracts increased. With the increase in nitrogen concentration in nutrient solution content antioxidant activity, total phenol, total flavonoids, and ascorbic acid were increased. Increasing the concentration of antioxidant compounds was associated with increased antimicrobial activity of onion bulb extract. In recent years, the consumption of onion has increased due to its flavor and health benefits. The beneficial properties of onion are mainly related to its high content of sulfur compounds and flavonoids, and the role of these compounds as antioxidants, anti-microbial and anti-cancer have been proven. Nitrogen was effective on the inhibitory effect of bulb methanol extract, which could be due to the effect of nitrogen on the metabolism of sulfur compounds and flavonoids in bulb. Manuscript profile

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62 - A comprehensive review on the structure, properties and application of phycocyanin pigment
R. Safari S. Reyhani Poul Sakineh Yeganeh

10.30495/jfh.2022.1965125.1370

This review aims to evaluate the intrinsic properties and different applications of phycocyanin pigment in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In addition, in each section, a detailed history of the research conducted in the field of phycocyanin is presented. Phycoc More

This review aims to evaluate the intrinsic properties and different applications of phycocyanin pigment in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In addition, in each section, a detailed history of the research conducted in the field of phycocyanin is presented. Phycocyanin is a blue pigment, a light receiver with antioxidant and fluorescent properties in cyanobacteria, and two algae from the genus rhodophytes and cryptophytes. Phycocyanin pigment consists of two relatively similar subunits α and β. The alpha chain contains one phycocyanobilin attached to cysteine 89 and the beta chain contains two phycocyanobilins attached to cysteines 84 and 155. Phycocyanin is commercially produced from spirulina algae (spirulina platensis), in the form of photoautotrophic cultures, and open environments in large ponds or pools in tropical or subtropical areas at the edges of oceans. This pigment can be extracted from the mentioned algae by using different techniques such as enzymatic method, ultrasound, freezing-defrosting, mineral solvent, homogenization, stress and osmotic shock, high hydrostatic pressure, ultracentrifuge, and ultra homogenization. Depending on the extraction conditions, each method has its advantages and disadvantages, but the enzymatic and ultrasound methods are more efficient than other methods. Phycocyanin has many medicinal and therapeutic properties, including anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory; In addition, the positive effect of this pigment on nerve cells, kidneys, and the immune system has been confirmed. Phycocyanin, having three colorings, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, has the potential to be used in various food formulations, such as yogurt, cheese, ice cream, etc., which have been proven in various research. Manuscript profile

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63 - Nanoencapsulation of green tea extract by thin film layer method and its properties
B. Noudoost N. Noori H. Gandomi A. Akhondzadeh Basti

The application of natural compounds including green tea extract (GTE) in food preparation and pharmaceutical industries is limited. Encapsulation in nanoliposomes could be used as a delivery system to protect these compounds during processing and storage. In this study More

The application of natural compounds including green tea extract (GTE) in food preparation and pharmaceutical industries is limited. Encapsulation in nanoliposomes could be used as a delivery system to protect these compounds during processing and storage. In this study physicochemical characterization, total phenol content and antibacterial and antioxidant activity of green tea extract encapsulated in nanoliposomes were evaluated. GTE was encapsulated in liposomes by thin film layer method and reached to nanoscale with sonication. The antioxidant activity of nanoliposomal GTE was estimated by DPPH assay. The antibacterial activity of nanoliposomal GTE against Bacillus cereus (ATCC11778), Salmonella typhimurium 138 phage type 2, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC19118) was determined using well diffusion technique. The mean diameter of nanoliposomes was about 44.7±1.9 nm and had 0.203±0.014 polydispersity index. Entrapment efficiency of nanoliposomal GTE under the optimum conditions was 97%. Antibacterial activity of GTE was signiﬁcantly increased after encapsulation in nanoliposomes. The strongest antibacterial activity of nanoliposomal GTE was seen against L. monocytogenes with an inhibition zone of 16.2 mm while E. coli was the most resistance strain with an inhibition zone of 14 mm. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of GTE was signiﬁcantly increased after nanoliposome encapsulation since the IC50 value of nanoliposomal GTE was decreased to 1.78 μg/ml. Nanoencapsulation effectively enhanced beneficial properties of GTE including antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

64 - Investigation of the antioxidant properties of metanolic peel extract of pomegranate (Punica granatum var. Rabbab)
Enayat Beriz Seyed Shahramr Shekarforoush Saeid Hosseinzadeh

Plants are riched by phenolic compounds and considered as the main natural antioxidants. Many efforts have been recently made to clarify the source of natural antioxidants and their roles to protect from oxidative stress injuries. The present study was aimed to qualify More

Plants are riched by phenolic compounds and considered as the main natural antioxidants. Many efforts have been recently made to clarify the source of natural antioxidants and their roles to protect from oxidative stress injuries. The present study was aimed to qualify the phenolic compounds of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) of Rabbab variety and their antioxidant effect to substitute the synthetic compounds. Folin- Ciocalteu method was employed to investigate phenolic compound, while, spectrophotometery is used to measure flavonoid, antocyanin and oxidative ability. The antioxidant activity of different concentration of PPE was measured using DPPH. Results showed the concentrations of 70.83 mg TAE/g, 21.33 mg CE/g and 136.66 mmol/100 mL corresponding to the phenolic, flavonoid and antocyanin compounds, respectively. The antioxidant effect by linoleic system has shown to inhibit 89.61% of linoleic oxidation in the methanolic extract of PPE. Increasing the concentration of phenolic compound was simultaneous to raise its effect and a significant correlation between the antiradical activity and its reduction ability in the methanolic extract. The current results revealed the antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of Rabbab variety PPE and thus are recommended to apply in food industries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

65 - Seed germination and phytochemical variations of two Iranian borage (Echium amuenum Fisch & C.A.Mey) under the influence of cultivation location
Manijeh Khorsandi Aghaii Azim Ghasemnezhad javad Mousavizade Esmaeil Babakhanzadeh sajirani

Iranianborage (Echium amoenum) is one of the most important plants of Boragicaceae. In order to determine the most suitable method of overcoming seed dormancy of this plant, the present study was conducted in two different experiments. The first experiment was carried o More

Iranianborage (Echium amoenum) is one of the most important plants of Boragicaceae. In order to determine the most suitable method of overcoming seed dormancy of this plant, the present study was conducted in two different experiments. The first experiment was carried out using seeds collected from Mashhad and Javaherdeh based on a factorial study with three replications. Pretreatments were seed treatment at 4° C for 7, 14, and 21 consecutive days under refrigerated temperature, seed treatment with 500 ppm gibberellic acid for 24 hours, and seed treatment with 50% sulfuric acid for 10 minutes. The second experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in time and location  in two years  and  two locations  of Gorgan and Mashhad. The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of climate on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the flower. Results showed that Iranian borage seed has physiological dormancy since the maximum seed germination percentage was obtained by applying pre-cooling treatments in 7 days. Comparison of the two locations revealed more favorable flower yield and secondary metabolite accumulation (anthocyanin, antioxidant, phenol and flavonoid) in plants cultivated in Mashhad region. Therefore, due to the relative resistance of the plant to water deficit, the cultivation of this plant in Mashhad is suggested to be further evaluated. Also, pre-treatment of 7 days of moist chilling is also recommended to facilitate the germination uniformity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

66 - The effects of vermicompost and Azomite on growth parameters, biochemical traits and absorption of nutrients in summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.)
Rasoul Narimani Mohammad Moghaddam Hassan Ebrahimi Danial Shokouhi

Vermicompost as a bio-fertilizer increases plant yield and improves its growth traits through improving the physicochemical properties of the soil and enhancement of nutrients absorption by plants. Azomite also improves plant yield and growth traits through exhaustive r More

Vermicompost as a bio-fertilizer increases plant yield and improves its growth traits through improving the physicochemical properties of the soil and enhancement of nutrients absorption by plants. Azomite also improves plant yield and growth traits through exhaustive range of beneficial elements. In order to investigate effects of different levels of vermicompost and Azomite application on growth and some qualitative characteristics and mineral absorption of summer savory, a pot factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications and two factors, namely vermicompost and Azomite in four levels (0, 5, 10, and 15%) and (0, 3, 6, and 9 g/kg soil), respectively in the research greenhouse of Agriculture Faculty,  Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2018. The traits under investigation included plant height, plant fresh and dry weight, number of branches, relative water content, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant activity, total phenolic and soluble carbohydrates content, as well as absorption of nutrients. Results showed that application 10% and 15% vermicompost combined with 3 grams of Azomite per kg of soil increased significantly plant growth parameters such as leaf and stem fresh and dry weight, internode length, and stem diameter as well as biochemical traits such as relative water content, soluble sugar content, and photosynthetic pigments compared to control plants (non-application of vermicompost and Azomite). The interaction between vermicompost and Azomite had a significant effect on nitrogen, phosphorus, sodium, iron, zinc, and manganese concentrations. The use of vermicompost (levels 10% and 15%) with Azomite (at all three levels) significantly increased the concentration of these elements compared to the control treatment. It was also observed that the use of vermicompost as alone caused a significant increase in potassium and magnesium in plants compared with non-fertilized treatment. In general, the results of this experiment showed that using vermicompost and Azomite mineral fertilizer can improve quantitative and qualitative traits and absorption of nutrients in summer savory.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

67 - A study on phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity of kolkhoung (Pistacia khinjuk Stocks) leaf in natural habitat of Ilam province
علی اصغر حاتم نیا پرویز ملک زاده خشنود نورالهی طاهره ولدبیگی

In the present study, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity were investigated in four kolkhoung genotypes in their natural habitats of Ilam province. The antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts were assayed by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl- 1- picr More

In the present study, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity were investigated in four kolkhoung genotypes in their natural habitats of Ilam province. The antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts were assayed by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl- 1- picrylhydrazyl), nitric oxide radical scavenging and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays. Among all the sample tested, leaf extract of K3 and K4 genotypes contained the highest and the lowest total phenolic and flavonoid contents, respectively. The results indicated that among all the genotypes studied here, the highest and the lowest antioxidant activity were observed in K3 and K4 genotypes, respectively. According to the results, total phenol and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity in kolkhoung can be influenced by different factors such as genetic, environmental and ecological conditions. So that the amount of total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity increased in leaf of kolkhoung as the altitude increased, and the highest amount of compounds were observed in K3 genotype at altitude of 2083 meters (Ghalarang mountain). However, the results obtained in our research indicated that K3 genotype had the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and interestingly this genotype revealed the highest antioxidant activity among all samples tested. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

68 - Study of root morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) in response to moisture stress
Raheleh Ahmadpour Saeed Reza Hosseinzadeh Somayeh Chashiani

The responses of plant roots play an important role in stress tolerance and optimal use of the moisture stored in the soil. Study of the most important morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters of roots can be an appropriate approach for selection of the cultivars More

The responses of plant roots play an important role in stress tolerance and optimal use of the moisture stored in the soil. Study of the most important morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters of roots can be an appropriate approach for selection of the cultivars tolerant to moisture stress. This study was conducted in pots and as a factorial completely randomized design in three replications.Treatments consisted of  lentil cultivars (Gachsaran, Kimiya, Ziba, and Robat) and moisture stress at four levels: 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% field capacity. Results showed that the interactions between lentil cultivars and water stress on all root traits were significant. Under severe moisture stress, Rabat and Gachsaran cultivars were significantly superior to the Kimia and Ziba cultivars in most of the studied traits such as root length, root area, concentration of K, concentration of Ca, proline content, protein content, POX activity, and SOD activity. Kimia cultivar compared to other cultivars in all stress levels had the lowest root morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics. The findings of this study showed that in comparison with other cultivars,  Robat and Gachsaran were affected less under moisture stress, by means of applying effective stress-tolerance mechanisms such as more antioxidant enzyme activity, more root proline and protein contents, increased root length and area, more K and Ca absorption. According to the results of this study, Robat and Gachsaran cultivars are introduced as tolerant cultivars for cultivation under moisture stress.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

69 - The effects of irrigation period and humic acid on morpho-physiological and biochemical traits of thyme (Thymus vulgaris)
Hossain Gorgini sarah khorasaninejad mohammadreza abbasi alireza tabasi

In order to study the effects of irrigation period and humic acid on some morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of Thymus vulgaris L., an experiment was conducted as split plots based on randomized complete block design with three replications at research More

In order to study the effects of irrigation period and humic acid on some morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of Thymus vulgaris L., an experiment was conducted as split plots based on randomized complete block design with three replications at research farm of Baharan University of Gorgan, during growing season of  2016- 2017. Treatments were four levels of irrigation periods (every 3, 6, 9 days and everyday as control) and humic acid at three levels (0, 150, and 300 mg/l). Results showed that irrigation periods increased phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, proline, and soluble carbohydrate. The effect of the longest irrigation period (every 9 days) increased 1.07, 0.016, 14.53, 1.87 and 3.82 percent of proline, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and soluble carbohydrate, respectively. Also the highest concentration of essential oils was observed with the every 6 days irrigation treatment showing 15% difference as compare with the control. On the other hand irrigation period decreased significantly shoot height and wet and dry weight. Moreover, humic acid had a significant effect on all characteristics under study. Also, interaction effect of humic acid and irrigation periods had significant effects on all traits except for phenolic compounds. Foliar application with 150 mg/l humic acid and every 9-day irrigation resulted in the maximum increase in thymol and antioxidant activities. The highest level of essential oils was achieved in 300 mg/l humic acid and every 6-day irrigation period. Maximum proline content was also recorded under 300 mg/l humic acid and every 9-day irrigation period. Generally, findings suggested application of 300 mg/l humic acid and every 9-day irrigation as economically the best treatment since under humic acid application and less irrigation water the same yield is achieved as under high water consumption. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

70 - The effect of different levels of seaweed extract on the growth, yield and biochemical characteristics of bitter squash (Momordica charantia L.)
Mohammed Hossein Aminifard Sekene Khandan

The effects of foliar spraying of seaweed extract on the growth, yield and biochemical characteristics of bitter squash plant (Carla) were evaluated under field conditions. Treatments were of four levels of seaweed extract (0, 1.5, 3 and 4.5 in thousand) during three st More

The effects of foliar spraying of seaweed extract on the growth, yield and biochemical characteristics of bitter squash plant (Carla) were evaluated under field conditions. Treatments were of four levels of seaweed extract (0, 1.5, 3 and 4.5 in thousand) during three stages of foliar spraying (before flowering, flowering and fruit set time). The experiment was designed in randomized block design with three replications at the Research station of Faculty of Agriculture University of Birjand during growing season of 2016. Leaf growth indices were influenced by seaweed extract treatments, so that with increasing treatment levels, increased fresh and dry weight and leaf area. The seaweed extract improved photosynthetic pigments (chl a, chl b, total chl and carotenoid). The highest amount of chl a, b, total chl and carotenoid (4.77, 5.66, 11.03, 2.52 mg. g-1f.w) were obtained in plants treated with 4.5 in thousand seaweed extract, while the lowest values were recorded in the control. Results showed that seaweed extract improved on quantitative characteristics of bush, so that the highest bush length and number of lateral branches were obtained at the highest level of the seaweed extract, while the lowest value were recorded in the control. Application of different levels of seaweed extract has a positive effect on the yield indices (weight, length and diameter of the fruit, number of fruits and yield) and biochemical characteristics of fruit (antioxidants activity and total phenol). The highest yield (4526 kg. ha-1), total phenol (8.74 mg GAE/100g) and antioxidant activity (69.68%) were obtained in plants treated with 4.5 in thousand seaweed extract. Generally, the findings of current study revealed that the use of 4.5 in thousand seaweed extract had strong impact on qualitative characteristics of bitter squash in this study. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

71 - Effect of mycorrhizal fungi and foliar application of putrescine on some biochemical characteristics and biomass of basil (Ocimum ciliatum L.) in two different harvesting times
Sara Farsari Mohammad Moghaddam

In order to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi and foliar application of putrescine on some biochemical characteristics, essential oil content, and biomass of basil (Ocimumciliatum L.), a split plot in time experiment with three replications was performed based More

In order to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi and foliar application of putrescine on some biochemical characteristics, essential oil content, and biomass of basil (Ocimumciliatum L.), a split plot in time experiment with three replications was performed based on a completely randomized design. Treatments included three levels of mycorrhizal fungi (control, Glomusmossea, and Glomusintraradicese) and three levels of putrescine (0, 1, and 2 mM) as main factors and two harvesting times as sub-factor. Results indicated that application of mycorrhizal fungi and putrescine influenced  the biochemical traits, fresh and dry biomass of aerial parts, and essential oil content of the plants. The highest amount of chlorophyll a and essential oil content were observed at G. mossea and 2 mM putrescine application in the first harvesting time. The highest amounts of chlorophyll b and carotenoid were obtained at G. intraradicese and 2 mM putrescine application in the first harvesting time. But with increasing the day time length and temperature, the amount of photosynthetic pigments in the second harvesting time decreased. The highest antioxidant activity and total phenolic content were observed in the treatment of G.intraradicese without putrescine spraying in the second harvesting time. The highest fresh and dry biomass of aerial parts were observed by applying G. mossea; but, no significant difference was observed between the two concentrations of  putrescine and only a significant increase was recorded in comparison with no putrescine treatment. Generally, applying both types of mycorrhizal fungi as biofertilizers with foliar application of 2mM putrescine could significantly improve the traits in this study. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

72 - Effect of silicon oxide and salicylic acid on yield, yield components, and some biochemical properties of Persian melon (Cucumis melo var. inodorus)
mojtaba salahiostad malihe morshedloo Mohammad Moghaddam

10.30495/iper.2021.679518

This study was carried out to enhance yield and quality of Persian melon crop in a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2018. The treatments consisted of foliar More

This study was carried out to enhance yield and quality of Persian melon crop in a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2018. The treatments consisted of foliar application of salicylic acid at three concentrations (0, 1, and 2 mM) and root drowning in the aqueous solution of silicon oxide at three concentrations (0, 0.5, and 1 g/L). The measured traits were the number of days to flowering, average fruit weight, average fruit production per plant, fruit number per plant, final yield, total phenol, antioxidant activity, proline, and soluble carbohydrate. Results showed that the highest fruit yield, total carbohydrate, and antioxidant activity were obtained in the interaction effect of 2 mM salicylic acid spray with 0.5 g/L silicon oxide application. The amount of proline and total phenol increased in 2 mM salicylic acid and 0.5 g/L silicon oxide treatment compared to control. In this experiment, foliar application of 2 mM salicylic acid with 0.5 g/L silicon oxide were superior to other treatments in the most measured traits. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

73 - Investigation of antioxidant activity and application of HPLC technique for analysis of phenolic compounds of Amygdalus haussknechtii leaf extract
Ali Asghar Hatamnia Rabie Sharifi

This study was conducted to investigate antioxidant compounds contents and antioxidant activity of three Amygdalus haussknechtii genotypes in the natural habitat of Ilam Province. Total phenolic content was measured using Folin–Ciocalteu method and antioxidant act More

This study was conducted to investigate antioxidant compounds contents and antioxidant activity of three Amygdalus haussknechtii genotypes in the natural habitat of Ilam Province. Total phenolic content was measured using Folin–Ciocalteu method and antioxidant activity was estimated by two methods, namely DPPH (2,2-diphenyl- 1- picrylhydrazyl) and nitric oxide radical scavenging. High- performance chromatography was used for quantitative estimation of the phenolic compounds. Results showed that antioxidant activity of leaf extract of H3 genotype was significantly higher than that of H1 and H2 genotypes. The high antioxidant activity can be attributed to higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents, so that high correlation coefficient was observed between total phenolic content and DPPH and nitric oxide radical scavenging, R = 0.902 and R= 0.806, respectively. Analyzing the phenolic compounds by HPLC method indicated that catechin, sinapic acid, quercetin, and apigenin were found in H3 genotype. Also, apigenin compound was observe in all three investigated genotypes. Generally, the results suggested that leaf extract of H3 genotype with high phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity can be presented as a source of natural antioxidant and used in pharmaceutical industries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

74 - Evaluation of photosynthetic pigments, fluorescence indexes, gas exchange, and some active flavonoid substances in Viola tricolor L. under the effect of bio-silver nanoparticles
Arefeh Hassanvand Sara Saadatmand Hossein Lariyazdi Alireza Iranbakhsh

10.30495/iper.2022.690248

Viola tricolor L. of the Violaceae family is used for its antioxidant and pharmaceutical compounds. This study was conducted based on a completely randomized design with four replications to investigate the effect of silver nanoparticles on the photosynthetic systems an More

Viola tricolor L. of the Violaceae family is used for its antioxidant and pharmaceutical compounds. This study was conducted based on a completely randomized design with four replications to investigate the effect of silver nanoparticles on the photosynthetic systems and gas exchange of the Viola tricolor L. Treatments included silver nanoparticles with three concentrations (10, 50, and 100 ppm) and a control (distilled water). Results of the study showed that relative water content, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll a concentration, and total chlorophyll concentration, maximum fluorescence, soluble carbohydrate, and antioxidant activity were higher in the treated plants compared with the control plants. Stomatal conductance showed a significant improvement under 50 mg/L silver nanoparticles compared with the other treatments. Maximum chlorophyll b was observed in 10 ppm concentration of silver nanoparticles. Moreover, the highest chlorophyll a content was observed in the plants treated with 50 mg/L concentration of nanoparticles. Carotenoid contents significantly improved in the plants treated with silver nanoparticles. CO2 content and insoluble carbohydrate were higher in the control group compared with the other treatments. A number of effective flavonoids were assayed, including Rutin, Quercetin, and Apigenin which showed a significant difference compared with the control group in 10, 50, and 10 ppm treatments, respectively. The results of this study showed that silver nanoparticles stimulate antioxidant activity and increase the secondary metabolites (flavonoid content) of Viola tricolor L. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

75 - Effect of sodium chloride on some of parameters Physiology, biochemical and expression two gene ADS and CYP71AV1 artemisinin biosynthetic pathway in A
Sara Salimian rizi Zahra Rezayatmand Monireh Ranjbar Nasrin Yazdanpanahi Zarrin dokht Emami- Karvani

10.30495/iper.2022.690244

Salinity stress is one of the important factors in decreasing the rate of growth and changing physiologic and metabolic processes of plants. In the present study to investigate the effect of salinity stress on physiological and biochemical performances and also gene exp More

Salinity stress is one of the important factors in decreasing the rate of growth and changing physiologic and metabolic processes of plants. In the present study to investigate the effect of salinity stress on physiological and biochemical performances and also gene expressions of Artemisia absinthium plant, an experiment was conducted with three level of salinity (0, 75, and 15 Mmol NaCl) in a completely randomized design with three replications under greenhouse conditions. Results showed that salinity stress decreased the rate of growth parameters in the plants including shoot length, root length, wet shoot weight, wet root weight, dry shoot weight, and dry root weight. Also, salinity decreased the levels of potassium, calcium, magnesium, and iron ions while increasing sodium levels in the plants. Increased salinity stress increased levels of proline, malondialdehyde, phenolic compounds, and activities of some antioxidant enzymes while it led to protein reduction in the plants under study. The expression of CYP71AV1 and ADS genes reduced to minimum at 150 Mmol and 75 Mmol NaCl treatments, respectively leading to reduced level of artemisinin in the Artemisia absinthium plants. According to the findings of this study, it might be argued that in its attempt to confront salinity stress induced fromsodium chloride, Artemisia absinthium employs the system of increased level of antioxidant enzymes activity, osmotic potential regulators, and phenolic compounds. Also, decreased expression of ADS gene can be an effective factor in reducing artemisinin contents in Artemisia absinthium. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

76 - Study on the effect of extraction method on the quantity, quality, chemical composition and antioxidant nature of Ferulago angulata (Schlechat) Boiss. essential oil
Rohollah Jafarazad Bahareh Sadeghi Mohammad Hosein Moslemin

The objective of the present study was to investigate the extraction of Ferulago angulate essential oil using the two methods of Clevenger-microwave and ultrasound, and to examine their effects on the quantity and quality of the essential oil of this medicinal plant. In More

The objective of the present study was to investigate the extraction of Ferulago angulate essential oil using the two methods of Clevenger-microwave and ultrasound, and to examine their effects on the quantity and quality of the essential oil of this medicinal plant. In the Clevenger-microwave method, the plant to water ratios of 1:10 and 1:20 and the microwave power of 330, 660 and 990 w (30,60 and 90%) were taken into account as the independent variables, while in the ultrasound method, the indirect ultrasound pretreatment (at 20 and 45°C) was considered as the affecting factors for the extraction of the essential oil of Ferulago angulate. In order to identify the chemical compounds, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed and the impact of other parameters, including the efficiency, specific gravity, color, refractive index and antioxidant power of the essential oil were also valuated. It was found out that application of microwave and the rise in its power led to a decrease in the extraction initial time as well as a reduction in the extraction completion time and the time needed for the extraction curve to get constant from 4 h to 1 h. β-phellandrene had the largest content (approximately 35%). Extraction time in the microwave treatment was significantly lower than that of Clevenger.Ultrasound pretreatment at various temperatures, utilization of the Clevenger-microwave extraction method at different microwave powers and the change in the plant to water ratio did not have considerable effects on the essential oil refractive index, antioxidant activity and specific gravity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

77 - Study of morphological diversity, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity in different populations of Nepeta nuda and Nepeta crassifolia in habitats of Ardabil and East Azerbaijan provinces
Rasoul Narimani Mohammad Moghaddam Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbaloti Danial Shokouhi

Nepeta L., belongs to Lamiaceae family, is containing different annual and perennial species which are found in different parts of Asia, Europe and North Africa. In order to evaluate the morphological diversity, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity between 6 More

Nepeta L., belongs to Lamiaceae family, is containing different annual and perennial species which are found in different parts of Asia, Europe and North Africa. In order to evaluate the morphological diversity, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity between 6 populations of Nepeta nuda and Nepeta crassifolia, the aerial parts of these plants in flowering stages were collected in summer 2015 from Ardabil and east Azerbaijan provinces. The morphological traits included plant height, number of sub-branches, leaf length and width, number of nodes, inflorescence length, internode length and length of sub-branch were measured. Methanolic extract were obtained by maceration, phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalto method and antioxidant activity were measurement DPPH radical scavenging capacity method, respectively.  The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with 3 replications and the comparison of data average was done by LSD test at 5% probability level. Results  were showed that the first population (Nepetacrassifolia - Razi) was superior in morphological characteristics compared to other populations of this species. The highest antioxidant activity (74.96%)and total phenolic content (9.88mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram of fresh weight), was obtained from the leaves and flowers of population 3 (Heyran), respectively. Maximum plant height, leaf length and width, number of nodes were observed in population 6 (Meshkin) of Nepeta nuda and also the highest antioxidant activity and total phenolic content were perceived in leaves of population 5 (Heris) and flowers of population 4 (Meshkin-Heris), respectively. Generally the most total phenolic content and antioxidant activity between two species were observed in population 3 (Heyran) which is belong to the Nepeta crassifolia. It seems that the height of sea level had significant effect on populations phenolic content and antioxidant activity. So the populations of 1 and 6, which both species were desirable at evaluated morphological traits so that these populations can be considered in breeding and domestication programs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

78 - Evaluation of antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi isolated from some native medicinal species of Golestan province
sareh hatamzadeh kamran Rahnama saeed nasrollahnejad khalil-berdi fotohifar khodayar hemmati james white

Medicinal plants are a very rich source of antioxidant compounds. Endophytic fungi of medicinal plants, due to long-term coexistence with these plants produce plant secondary metabolites. Therefore, in this study, the antioxidant properties of endophytic fungi isolated More

Medicinal plants are a very rich source of antioxidant compounds. Endophytic fungi of medicinal plants, due to long-term coexistence with these plants produce plant secondary metabolites. Therefore, in this study, the antioxidant properties of endophytic fungi isolated from 7 medicinal plants of the Asteraceae family includeing Matricaria chamomilla, Anthemis triumfetii, Anthemis parthenium, Anthemis altissima var. Altissima, Achillea millefolium, Achillea filipendulina, Cichorium intybus was investigated. The samplings were done from healthy plants and free of any diseases from most areas of Golestan province during 2016 spring. After morphological and molecular identification of endophytic fungi, the antioxidant property of 37 species of endophytic fungi was evaluated by DPPH free radicals metod. Based on the results, a significant difference of 99% was observed between the antioxidant properties of endophytic fungi. The lowest (32.1% ) and highest (98.8%) antioxidant activity were related to the Stemphylium amaranthi and Trametes versicolor  fungi isolated from Anthemis triumfetii leaf and Achillea santolina stem tissues, respectively. In addition, the Schizophyllum commune with 98.8% antioxidant activity was placed in the same group with T. versicolor. The Cladioporium spp. such as Cladosporium cladosporioides and Cladosporium ramotenelum showed a high antioxidant activity of about 97%. Considering short-term production and the high growth rate of fungi, endophytes maybe a good choice for the production of antioxidant substances. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

79 - The combined effect of cold stress and polyamine supplement on some phytochemical parameters of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni.
Kamran Moradi Peynevandi Syed Mehdi Razvi Saber Zahri

Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoniis a perennial herb belongs to Asteraceae family. The plant has been cultivated in all over of the world for its sweetener compounds such as: steviol glycosides. In this study to evaluate the effects of cold stress (4ºC) combined More

Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoniis a perennial herb belongs to Asteraceae family. The plant has been cultivated in all over of the world for its sweetener compounds such as: steviol glycosides. In this study to evaluate the effects of cold stress (4ºC) combined with polyamine supplement on some phytochemical parameters an experiment was carried out in a randomized design with three replications. The phytochemical measurement were obtained by spectrophotometery methods consisted of  Folinciocalteu  method for tanins-phenols, aluminium chloride method for flavonoids,  Anthon reagent for soluble sugars and spectrophotometer for anthocyanins and steviol glycosides. The treatments were conducted in six groups contained of cold and cold-polyamine treatments in 0, 48 and 96-hours of cold courses. The measurements were performed on the plant leaves at vegetative stage at Mohaghegh Ardabili University in May 2017. The results showed that the cold stress tends to a significant increase in all of measured parameters at p≤0.05. This increase was higher in the cold-polyamine treated plants than cold only treated groups of the plant. The results indicated that total soluble sugar and steviol glycosides were increased 233 and 35 percent, respectively, than control at 96-h cold combined with polyamine treatment. At same treatment, total flavonoid, anthocyanin, total phenol and tannin contents were increased up to 40, 100, 20 and 66 percentage than control, as well as. At the same plant group, the plant antioxidant potential was also elevated 20 percentage than control ones. It can be concluded thatcombined treatment of Stevia rebaudiana with cold and polyamine supplement can induced the secondary metabolite biosynthesis in the plant and hence might be tend to a considerably increasing in the plant pharmaceutical potential. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

80 - Effect of Foliar Application of Abscisic Acid on Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Traits of Cannabis sativa under soil moisture conditions
hajar motamedi sharak خدایار همتی sara khorasani nejad

To study the effects of drought stress and Abscisic Acid (ABA) on morpho-physiological and biochemical traits of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), an experiment was conducted in a factorial based on a completely randomized design at Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences a More

To study the effects of drought stress and Abscisic Acid (ABA) on morpho-physiological and biochemical traits of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), an experiment was conducted in a factorial based on a completely randomized design at Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in 2017. The treatments included four levels of drought stress (55, 70, 85, and 100 F.C) and the foliar application of abscisic acid (0, 10, 20 and 30 ppm). At flowering stage, growth characteristics and morphology including stem diameter, fresh, and dry weight of shoot, fresh and dry weight of root, stem height, root length, leaf area, leaf number, seed number, flower number, total weight of seeds, number sub branch, sub-branch diameter, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content of root, antioxidant activity, amounts of proline, soluble sugars of root and abscisic acid of leaf were evaluated. ing the amount of leaf abscisic acid, number of branches and total sugars. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that water stress has negative effects on plant growth and spraying of the abscisic acid improves some traits in drought stress. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

81 - Phytochemical diversity and antioxidant activity in different Salvia species in West Azerbaijan province
parinaz Jaffarpour Alireza Farokhzad, Abollfazel Alirezalou Fatemeh Najad HabibVash,

Salvia L. is one of the most important members of the Lamiaceae family. Since ancient times, sage has been considered for many medicinal properties.The objective of this research was to determine the phytochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity of eighteen Sal More

Salvia L. is one of the most important members of the Lamiaceae family. Since ancient times, sage has been considered for many medicinal properties.The objective of this research was to determine the phytochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity of eighteen Salvia species collected from various regions of West Azerbaijan province. In this study total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total carotenoid and chlorophyll and antioxidant capacity were determined by using Folin–Ciocalteu assays, aluminum chloride method, Lichtentaler method and DPPH assay, respectively. The results showed that species type has significant effect on phytochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity (p<0.01). The highest (39.18 mg GAE/g DW) and lowest (1.09 mg GAE/g DW) total phenolic content were in S. verticillata and S. syluestris species respectively. The highest total flavonoid content (1.71 mg/g DW) were recorded in S. hydrangea and the highest total carotenoid content (16.9 4 mg/g DW), chlorophyll a (26.42 mg/100g DW) and chlorophyll b (80.1 mg/100g DW) were observed in S. multicaulis, S. verticillataand S. officinalis species respectively. The highest (89.46 %) and lowest (4.6 %) antioxidant activity were in S. hydrangea and S. syluestris, respectively. Cluster analysis using Ward's method divided all species to three main categories based on their antioxidant and phytochemical properties. These results were showed that different species of Salvia such as S. bracteata, S. officinalis minimus and S. verticillata especially S. hydrangea have valuable medicinal properties. With supplementary studies, it is possible to use these species and their bioactive compounds in plant breeding programs and pharmaceutical industry.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

82 - Study and comparison of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of the native populations of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) Iran
ghasem eghlima mohsen sanikhani Azizollah Kheiry javad hadian mitra aelaei

Glycyrrhiza glabra L. is a family of Legominos, herbaceous, perennial and Iran is one of the countries exporting its root. This plant grows in different regions of Iran, hence the study of phytochemical diversity in different regions is important. This study was carried More

Glycyrrhiza glabra L. is a family of Legominos, herbaceous, perennial and Iran is one of the countries exporting its root. This plant grows in different regions of Iran, hence the study of phytochemical diversity in different regions is important. This study was carried out to evaluate the content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of 2 cm diameter roots of licorice populations in 15 provinces and 30 regions of Iran in 2017 in October and were transferred to the laboratories of the Department of Horticulture of Zanjan University. Total phenol (Folin–Ciocalteu method), total flavonoid (Aluminum Chloride method), anthocyanin (pH difference method) and antioxidant activity (DPPH method) were studied. The results of analysis of variance of data showed that among 30 populations, for all traits, there was a significant difference in the level of one percent. Total phenol traits ranging from 456.05 to 826 mg gallic acid per 100 g, total flavonoid between 1909.25 to 292.62 mg of quercetin per 100 g, anthocyanin levels ranging from 6.89 to 26.24 mg cyanidine-3-glucoside in Liter, the antioxidant activity varied between 62.07% and 87.14%. There was a significant and positive correlation between phenol total phenotype and antioxidant activity at 1% level, but there was no significant correlation with total flavonoid, anthocyanin and height. Based on the results of cluster analysis, 30 G. glabra were divided into two main groups. The evaluation of populations in terms of phytochemical traits showed a high variation that N, KA, BA, T, E, Y, M, MR, and SB populations Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

83 - Variability in morphological traits, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity in different populations of three specie of Prangos spp. collected from habitats of Fars and Kohklouye va Boyerahmad provinces
Peyman Azarkish Mohammad Moghaddam Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbalouti Fatimah Khakdan

10.30495/ejmp.2018.694525

In order to evaluate the morphological diversity, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity between 18 populations of Prangos acaulis, Prangos platychloena and Prangos ferulacea, the aerial parts of plants at flowering stages were collected from Fars and Kohklouye More

In order to evaluate the morphological diversity, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity between 18 populations of Prangos acaulis, Prangos platychloena and Prangos ferulacea, the aerial parts of plants at flowering stages were collected from Fars and Kohklouye va Boyerahmad provinces. To investigate the morphological traits, 10 plants selected in each habitat and 15 quantitative, 39 qualitative morphological and 8 habitats properties traits for each populations were investigated. Total phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalto and antioxidant activity using DPPH radical scavenging capacity method were measurement. The experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design and the comparison of data average was done by Duncan test at 1% probability level. The results showed that there was great diversity among populations. Cluster analysis divided populations into three groups. Results showed that population 14 from Prangos acaulis was superior in morphological characteristics compared to other populations of this species. The highest antioxidant activity (93.05%) and total phenolic content (8.84 mg GAE/g FW), was obtained from the populations 14 and 8, respectively. Also the highest antioxidant activity (92.72%) and total phenolic content (10.25 mg GAE/g FW)) in Prangos platychloena were obtained from populations 7 and 15, respectively. Generally the most total phenolic content and antioxidant activity between three species were observed in population 18 which is belong to the Prangos ferulacea. So the populations of 5, 6, 7, 8, 11 and 13 among three species studied were desirable at evaluated morphological traits so that these populations can be considered in breeding and domestication programs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

84 - Phytochemical evaluation and antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts of Momordica charantia L., Cucurbita pepo L. cultivar pumpkin, Ecballium elaterium (L.) A.Rich, Lagenaria siceraria L. cultivar Marankka
zaynab mohkami عزیزاله خیری mahdi tavakolizadeh esfahani Mohsen Sani Khani abas bahari

ABSTRACT This study was designed to investigate the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of fruits methanolic extracts from Momordica charantia L., Ecballium elaterium (L.) A.Rich, Cucurbita pepo L. cultivar pumpkin, Lagenaria sicerar More

ABSTRACT This study was designed to investigate the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of fruits methanolic extracts from Momordica charantia L., Ecballium elaterium (L.) A.Rich, Cucurbita pepo L. cultivar pumpkin, Lagenaria siceraria L. cultivar Marankka belonging to Cucurbitaceae family. For this purpose, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. The matured fruits were harvested from the research farm in Zanjan university during the September to December 2017. Phytochemical characteristics of total phenol content (Folin–‌Ciocalteu method), total flavonoid (Aluminum Chloride method) and antioxidant activity (DPPH method) were evaluated. The highest level of phenolic and flavonoid contents was recorded for the fruit methanolic extracts from the Ecballium elaterium (L.) and Momordica charantia L. , with 85/5 ± 3/5 mg GAE/g and 12.13 ± 0.8, respectively. The results of DPPH test showed that the methanolic extract of Momordica charantia exhibited potent activity (97.09 % ± 0.96), followed by Ecballium elaterium (87.8% ± 1.5) and the lowest antioxidant activity related to methanolic extract of pumpkin fruit (58/02 % ± 2.7). Furthermore, there was a strong correlation between flavonoids content and antioxidant activity (P = 0.87) and also there was a positive correlation between phenolic content and antioxidant activity (P = 0.54). Generally, the phytochemical analysis showed that, Ecballium and Karella extracts are rich in polyphenol compounds against other sspecies and can be used as food.drug- Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

85 - Comparing antioxidant activity along with total phenols and flavonoids contents of four different Marrubium spp. extracts in East Azarbaijan habitats
Negar Nazeri Fatemeh Fathiazad Sanaz Hamedeyazdan

Marrubium genus belongs to the family Lamiaceae which is one of the precious genara native to Iran. Phytochemical studies upon Marrubium spp. are so limited so we decided to study four species of genus Marrubium native to Iran. The aerial parts of four Marrubium spp. (M More

Marrubium genus belongs to the family Lamiaceae which is one of the precious genara native to Iran. Phytochemical studies upon Marrubium spp. are so limited so we decided to study four species of genus Marrubium native to Iran. The aerial parts of four Marrubium spp. (M. crassidens, M. persicum, M. propinquum, and M. parviflorum) were collected during their flowering stages from Varzeghan and Marand provinces from Azarbaijan, Iran in 1395. Dried plant materials were solvent extracted separately with petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol via maceration method. Afterwards, the antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated through scavenging the free DPPH radicals. Besides, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts were verified based on colorimetric relative techniques. The antioxidant evaluation established the lowest RC50 of 11.1μg/mL for the 40% Sep-Pak fraction of the M. crassidens methanol extract. Moreover, petroleum ether extracts revealed no antioxidant activity. The most total phenolics and flavonoids content of the extracts were for M. crassidens methanol extract with 512.6 mg gallic acid equivalent and 212.7 mg quercetin equivalent both in 100 g dried plant material. In the study, presence of phenollics and flavonoids in different levels alongside prominent antioxidant activities were detected for the four Marrubium spp. native to East Azerbaijan. Overall, M. crassidens possessed higher phenolic and flavonoid contents resulting in superior antioxidant activity compared to other three species. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

86 - The effect of harvesting time on some phytochemical characteristics of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) medicinal plant leaves
Marziyeh Allahdadi Laleh Mosharraf

Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a perennial plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. It has a special place in the pharmaceutical and food industries all over the world. In order to evaluate some phytochemical characteristics of artichoke leaves at different growt More

Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a perennial plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. It has a special place in the pharmaceutical and food industries all over the world. In order to evaluate some phytochemical characteristics of artichoke leaves at different growth stages, an experiment was conducted by using a randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with three replications in Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources center during two consecutive years (2014-2015 and 2015-2016). In the second year, the leaves were collected at three growth stages: vegetative, heading and flowering in the second year. After harvesting, some quality factors such as their total phenolic content (Folin–Ciocalteu method), total flavonoids (Colorimetric Method of Aluminum Chloride), chlorogenic acid content (HPLC method) and antioxidant activity (DPPH free radical scavenging activity and reducing power) were measured. The results showed that the phytochemical and antioxidant properties of artichoke leaves were different at the three growth stages. The highest amount of phenolic content (76.25 mg GAE g-1 DW), total flavonoid (1.28 mg QE g-1 DW), chlorogenic acid content (2.25 % DM), DPPH (92.34 %) and reducing power (2.16) of methanolic extract was observed in heading stage. There was a positive and significant correlation between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Also, the relationship between chlorogenic acid content and DPPH and reducing power was positive and significant. According to the results, the harvesting of artichoke leaves at the heading stage is better than other growth stages due to their favorable characteristics. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

87 - Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Plant Milkweed (Calotropis Procera)
somayeh Gholamshahi ali salehi sardoei

Plants are rich sources of phenolic compounds (flavonoids, tannins and anthocyanins) in the most important natural antioxidants. Dietary antioxidants to protect the body against stress and health are important oxiddative. This study was designed to investigate the quali More

Plants are rich sources of phenolic compounds (flavonoids, tannins and anthocyanins) in the most important natural antioxidants. Dietary antioxidants to protect the body against stress and health are important oxiddative. This study was designed to investigate the quality and quantity of phenolic compounds and antioxidant milkweed plants as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants has been done. After preparing the methanolic extract, the phenol concentration was measured by spectrophotometry and finally, the antioxidant activity of the extract was measured using radical 2 and 2-diphenyl-1-picaril hydrazil (DPPH) method. Analysis of variance was performed using SAS software and the means by Duncan's test at P> 0/05 were compared. The results obtained showed that the phenolic The results showed that, the phenolic and antioxidant compounds in leaf were more than other organs and so higher the Bam region than Jiroft region. The results were the same applies to fruit. But the flowers and sap (latex) more phenolic compounds found in Jiroft native milkweed. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of leaf sap compared with 2/5 times. Latex (sap) Milkweed in Bam and Jiroft region Compared with organs (leaves, flowers, fruits) had the lowest total phenolic compounds. The results of this study medicinal plant milkweed and antioxidant phenolic compounds as natural antioxidants and can be used in pharmaceutical and food industry. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

88 - Evaluation of phytochemical and antioxidant activity of three widely-used medicinal plant in natural habitats of Fars province
Auob mazaraie leila fahmideh

Growth and generation of plants in different ecosystems and natural habitats are influenced by various factors. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the phytochemicals and antioxidants of three widely-used medicinal plant species including Zataria multifolia More

Growth and generation of plants in different ecosystems and natural habitats are influenced by various factors. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the phytochemicals and antioxidants of three widely-used medicinal plant species including Zataria multifolia Boiss, Matricaria chamomilla L. and Achilla millefolium L. which grown in five natural habitats (Fasa, Firoozabad, Kazeroun, Farashband and Dehram) located in Fars province, South of Iran . Phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts obtained by maceration (soaking) method were determined via Folin-Ciocaltiu and Aluminum chloride colorimetric, respectively. The antioxidant properties were also investigated through DPPH method. Based on the results, there is a positive correlation between plant secondary compounds and their antioxidant performance, and this relationship was quite significant for all three plant samples. Among the regions under the study, the highest phenolic and flavonoid compounds yields were detected in Farashband and Dehram regions, respectively. Among the results, the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant properties were identified in Achillea eriophora DC and Zataria multifolia Boiss species from Farashband and Dehram regions had the highest values. The differences observed in phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant properties could be attributed to the effects of climatic conditions such as height above sea level on the investigated plants. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

89 - Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemical and Antioxidant investigation of some of traditional high consumption plants for treatment of diabetes in the rural mountainous rangelands of Chaharbagh
Fariba Alsadat Hashem-Sirjani Bahareh Behmanesh Masoumeh Mazandarani Faramarz Rostami Charati

The present research was done in Chaharbagh rangelands of Golestan province due to phytochemical investigation of the most important anti diabetic native medicinal plants. Nine medicinal plants used by local people for diabetes treatment were consisting of Nepeta pungen More

The present research was done in Chaharbagh rangelands of Golestan province due to phytochemical investigation of the most important anti diabetic native medicinal plants. Nine medicinal plants used by local people for diabetes treatment were consisting of Nepeta pungens L., Hypericum perforatum, Juniperus communis L., Artemisia annua L., Tanacetum parthenium, Urtica dioica L., Cichorium intybus L., Cuscuta reflexa L. and Perovskia abrotanoides Karel. After sampling plant parts containing Pharmaceutical ingredients consisting of aerial parts or root parts, they were cleaned and dried in the shade. Extraction of methanol was done. The amount of total phenol and flavonoids were measured with Spectrophotometry method and the level of antioxidant activity was measured with DPPH method. DCA ordination was done in order to studying relation between anti-diabetic medicinal plants and their quantity of effective ingredients. Results from phytochemical experiments showed that flowering part Hypericum perforatum, roots of Nepeta pungens L. and roots of Tanacetum parthenium with the amounts of 259.64, 231.246 and 223.47 mg GAE/g in plant dry matter had the most amount of total phenol. Artemisia annua L. leaves, flowering part of Nepeta pungens L. and roots of Urtica dioica L. with the amounts of 253.37, 237.89 and 216.43 mg QUE/g had the most flavonoids. The best antioxidant activity of the extracts with greatest DPPH inhibitory power was belonging to fruits of Juniperus communis L. aerial parts of Cuscuta reflexa L. and flowering parts of Perovskia&lrm; abrotanoides Karel. with amounts of 93.93, 81.58 and 72.24. The ordination analysis had the same results. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

90 - Evaluation of the total phenolic and antioxidant activity of the 80 different populations belong to the Jashir genus (Prangos spp.)
Peyman Azarkish Mohammad Moghaddam Prof. Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbalouti Fatimah Khakdan

10.30495/ejmp.2021.682557

Jashir (Prangos spp.) is a medicinal plant and native plant to some parts of Iran that is used in traditional medicine in the treatment of many diseases. This study aimed to investigate the total phenol content and antioxidant activity of aerial parts of 80 populations More

Jashir (Prangos spp.) is a medicinal plant and native plant to some parts of Iran that is used in traditional medicine in the treatment of many diseases. This study aimed to investigate the total phenol content and antioxidant activity of aerial parts of 80 populations belonging to seven species P. hausslmechtii, P. lophoptera, P. corymbosa, P. uloptera, P. acaulis, P. platychlaena, and P. ferulacea at the flowering stage in spring and summer 2018 in six provinces of Lorestan, Isfahan, Fars, Khuzestan, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari as a randomized complete block design. Methanol extracts of plants were obtained by the maceration method. Total phenol content and antioxidant activity were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and DPPH (1,1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) methods, respectively. ANOVA and Duncan's tests were used for statistical analysis. The results showed that there is a difference between populations and different species of Jashir genus in terms of total phenol content and antioxidant activity. The total phenol content of these extracts belonging to 80 populations was different and ranged from 17.59 to 1.76 mg gallic acid/g extract and their antioxidant activity ranged from 61.77 to 96.2%. The highest total phenol content and antioxidant activity were observed in populations 5 (P. acaulis) and 48 (P. platychloena), and the lowest amount obtained from populations 80 (P. platychloena) and 36 (P. platychloena). Among seven species of Prangos spp., the highest amount of total phenol content and antioxidant activity was found in P. uloptera and P. acaulis. Due to the high antioxidant properties of Prangos spp. and because of the possible carcinogenicity of synthetic antioxidants, different species of this genus especially P. uloptera and P. acaulis are suggested as suitable substitutes for preservatives. So they can be used as rich and accessible resources in the food and pharmaceutical industries Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

91 - Investigation of some growth and physiological traits changes and heavy metals accumulation in saffron (Crocus sativus L.) under different climates cultivation
Habibioallah Farokhi Ahmad Asgharzadeh Maliheh Kazemi Samadi

10.30495/ejmp.2022.1940120.1651

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) the most valuable agricultural and pharmaceutical product in the world, has a special place among Iran's industrial and export products. The aim of this study was to study the changes in quantitative, qualitative, physiological traits, and he More

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) the most valuable agricultural and pharmaceutical product in the world, has a special place among Iran's industrial and export products. The aim of this study was to study the changes in quantitative, qualitative, physiological traits, and heavy metals accumulation in cultivated saffron samples in three important saffron producing provinces, North Khorasan (Shirvan city), Razavi Khorasan (Torbat-Heydariyeh city), and South Khorasan (Ghaen city), based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2019-2020 crop year.In this study, quantitative traits (flower and stigma yield), qualitative traits (safranal, picrocrocin, and crocin content extracted by aqueous method and measured by spectrophotometry), physiological characteristics (anthocyanin, flavonoid, total phenol, and antioxidant activity extracted by alcohol andmeasured by spectrophotometry) and the selenium, lead, and nickel metals accumulation (by acid extraction and atomic absorption measurements) were investigated. Also, the effect of climatic parameters on quantitative and qualitative yield was investigated. The results showed that the samples cultivated in these provinces had significant differences in terms of quantitative, qualitative, physiological, and metal accumulation characteristics. North and Razavi Khorasan provinces with the highest flowers and stigmas yield, as well as safranal and crocin content, had the highest quantity and quality.In addition, the highest anthocyanins, flavonoids, and total phenol content, antioxidant activity, and lead content was obtained in North Khorasan province. The two climatic parameters of relative humidity content and average annual rainfall had a high correlation with quantitative and qualitative yield and are the most influential environmental factors on the quantity and quality of saffron. In general, North and Razavi Khorasan provinces had a significant advantage in terms of quantitative and qualitative yield of saffron compared to South Khorasan provinces. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

92 - Effect of different solvents on the extraction of phytochemical compounds of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss)
Maryam Rahimi Javad Ali Soufiyan Zeynab Mohkami Ali Ali Ghorbani Ranjbari Fatemeh Bidarnamani

10.30495/ejmp.2022.1953625.1681

Neem (Azadirachta indica) that belongs to the Meliaceae family has many medicinal properties such as treatment of skin diseases, hypoglycemia, hypertension, cancer, and AIDS. In this study, to investigate the effect of different solvents on the quantity and quality of p More

Neem (Azadirachta indica) that belongs to the Meliaceae family has many medicinal properties such as treatment of skin diseases, hypoglycemia, hypertension, cancer, and AIDS. In this study, to investigate the effect of different solvents on the quantity and quality of phytochemical properties of neem collected from Bahoklat area in Chabahar city, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in 2021. Ethanol, methanolic, n-hexane and acetone extracts of neem leaves and fruits were prepared by cold maceration method. Total phenol content, total flavonoid and antioxidant activity were measured by folin-cicalto reagent, aluminum chloride colorimetric and diphenylpicrylhydrazyl free radical scaving (DPPH) methods, respectively. The results showed that the effect of organ type, solvent type and their interaction on all measured traits was significant. Based on the results, the highest amount of total phenol (48.22 mg Gallic acid / g dry weight) was reported in acetone leaf extract, and the lowest amount (2.76 mg Gallic acid / g dry weight) was reported in hexane extract of fruit. In addition, the highest amount of total flavonoids was observed in acetoin fruit and leaf extracts (4.71 and 4.61 mg Quercetin / g dry weight, respectively) and the lowest amount (3.22 mg quercetin / g dry weight) was obtained in the hexane extract of fruit. The highest and the lowest antioxidant activity was detected in ethanolic leaf extract (94.77%) and acetone extract of fruit (12.02%), respectively. Therefore, neem leaf is suggested as a useful source of phenolic compounds and natural antioxidants. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

93 - Study of the effect of the chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles on some physiological and phytochemical features of Nigella sativa L.
Farahnaz Mahdipour sara saadatmand Alireza Iranbakhsh Bahare Norozi zahra Oraghi Ardebili

10.30495/ejmp.2022.1945580.1664

Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) from the Ranunculaceae family is considered one of the best sources of natural antioxidants. Due to the positive effect of chitosan on various medicinal plants, in this study we investigated the vegetative and chemical performance of this More

Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) from the Ranunculaceae family is considered one of the best sources of natural antioxidants. Due to the positive effect of chitosan on various medicinal plants, in this study we investigated the vegetative and chemical performance of this plant under the treatment of chitosan nanoparticles. Experimental factors included solubilization of chitosan and its nanoparticles with concentrations of 0.01, 0.05, 0.2, 1, 4 (pH 5) percent. Assays were performed on the seed and leaf extracts of the treated plant at Razi Laboratory of Azad University, Science and Research Branch of Tehran in 2021. Extraction was done by cold pressing method. Some traits such as germination (number, percentage, index and germination rate), growth parameters (radicle and plumule length, fresh radicle and plumule weight and radicle and plumule dry weight), pigments, total leaf phenol content (Folin-Ciocalteau) total leaf flavonoids (aluminum chloride colorimetric assay), leaf antioxidant activity (DPPH), leaf membrane lipid peroxidation (MDA concentration) and soluble protein content Seeds and leaves (Bradford) were evaluated. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with 3 replications and the comparison of data means was performed using Duncan's test at a probability level of 5%. The results showed that the treatment percentages had a significant effect on all evaluated traits (except the fresh weight of the radicle). Treatment of 1% and 0.01% of chitosan nanoparticles increased the growth and germination parameters. In addition, the amount of phenol, flavonoids and antioxidant activity increased compared to the control showed that the highest increase was observed in concentrations of 1% and 0.01% chitosan nanoparticles. The maximum increase in the amount of pigments was due to the concentration of 1% and 0.2% of chitosan nanoparticles. Both treatments at a concentration of 1% reduced the amount of MDA compared to the control. The amount of total protein in leaves and seeds decreased under the influence of the treatments .In general, it was concluded that the treatment of chitosan nanoparticles as a bio stimulant has a positive effect on improving the quality characteristics of black seed and they are also suggested as a suitable stimulus to increase growth. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

94 - Evaluation of Morphological and Pytochemical Traits of Different Cultivars of Momordica charantia L. for Adaptation to Climatic Conditions of Zanjan Province
Zeynab Mohkami Azizollah Kheiry Mohsen Sani Khani Abbas Bahari

10.30495/ejmp.2021.684645

Momordica charantia L.  belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family and is native to the east-south of Asia. The fruits of this plant are used to treat diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, cancer, and AIDS. Momordicin and charantin, two triterpenoid com More

Momordica charantia L.  belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family and is native to the east-south of Asia. The fruits of this plant are used to treat diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, cancer, and AIDS. Momordicin and charantin, two triterpenoid compounds existing in this plant, have strong anti-diabetic properties. Considering the positive effects of this plant in the treatment of diabetes, and in order to evaluate the adaptability of different cultivars of this plant, this research was conducted in a randomized complete block design in 2018 at the agricultural farm of university of Zanjan. During the growing season, some morphological and phytochemical traits such as pigments, total phenol content (fullene-cicalto), total flavonoid (aluminum chloride colorimetry) and antioxidant activity (DPPH), methanolic fruit extract, carbohydrate (phenol method) Sulfuric acid, vitamin C (iodometric) and momordicin and quarantine (HPLC) were evaluated. Analysis of variance showed that Vijay cultivar had higher phenolic content (28.5 mg gallic acid / g dry weight) and antioxidant capacity (69.42%) in compare to other cultivars. Also, the highest and lowest amount of secondary metabolites of momordicin and quarantine were observed in Vijay cultivar (0.182 and 0.603 mg / g dry weight, respectively) and Hybrid Baby Doll cultivar (0/038 and 0/183 30 mg/g DW, respectively), respectively. On the other hand, the highest amount of vitamin C (2676 μg / 100 ml of fruit juice), total acidity (0.022%) and total soluble solids (Brix index 53.5) were found in Jounpouri cultivar. Therefore, Vijay cultivar, which had more ability to secondary metabolites accumulation, was the best identified cultivar for the active medicinal substances extraction. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

95 - Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and antioxidant activities in Bunium persicum (Boiss.) B.Fedtsch. seeds extract
Nastaran Kazemivash Ahmad Majd Sayeh Jafari Marandi Seyed Mahdi Rezayat

10.22034/jna.2018.543690

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Open Access Article

96 - Ag/TiO2/Fe3O4@MWCNTs MNCs promoted green synthesis of new spironinhydrine derivatives
Narjes Haerizadeh Anvar Mirzae Atefeh Navabi

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Open Access Article

97 - Ag/TiO2/Fe3O4@MWCNTs MNCs promoted green synthesis of new spironinhydrine derivatives
Morad Avarsaji Zinatossadat Hossaini Ali Varasteh Moradi Hamid Reza Jalilian Ramin Zafar Mehrabian

10.30495/iranjoc.2023.704937

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Open Access Article

98 - The study of the production of mixture of Carrot juice and ice cream containing Bifidobacterium lactis and Lactobacillus casei
hanieh ghandali Alireza Shahab Lavasani sara movahhed

This study was performed to produce a probiotic carrot juice-ice cream beverage. Designed in a random factorial CRD manner. For this purpose, both Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium lactis (at 108 and 109 cfu/ml levels) were added to beverage formulation. The sampl More

This study was performed to produce a probiotic carrot juice-ice cream beverage. Designed in a random factorial CRD manner. For this purpose, both Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium lactis (at 108 and 109 cfu/ml levels) were added to beverage formulation. The samples were stored at -5ºC for 21 days. Survival of bacteria, pH, titrable acidity (%), beta-carotene (%), total solids contents (%), phenolic components (µg/ml) and DPPH (%) were measured at 1, 6, 11, 16 days of storage. The number of viable cells were significantly decreased during the storage time. However, the number of L. casei and Bf. lactis were in the recommended range (106 cfu/ml) until last day of storage. The highest number of viable cells was for Bf. lactis. By increment the probiotics levels, the pH and total solids values were decreased. Treatments and storage time did not show any significant effect on the acidity of probiotic carrot juice-ice cream. The highest amounts of phenolic components were for 109 cfu/ml L. casei and 108 Bf. Lactis. During storage period, the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of all samples were significantly decreased. Increment the concentration of L. casei in beverage formulation leads to decreased DPPH percentage inhibitory, while, by increasing the Bf. lactis in samples, the antiradical activity was increased. Samples containing 109 cfu/ml L. casei and Bf. Lactis had the highest amounts of beta-carotene. According to obtained results, treatment E which contained 109 cfu/ml bifidobacteriun lactis was the best among other treatments.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

99 - The study of addition of green tea extract on some physicochemical and sensory properties of probiotic set yogurt
Nasrin Azarjam Ali Reza Shahab Lavasani Anooshe Sharifan

10.30495/jfm.2022.674052

In this study, supplementation of probiotic stirred yogurt by different percentages of green tea extract and measurement of survival rate of lactobacillus casei also some physicochemical and sensory properties were studied during storage in refrigerator. Four treatments More

In this study, supplementation of probiotic stirred yogurt by different percentages of green tea extract and measurement of survival rate of lactobacillus casei also some physicochemical and sensory properties were studied during storage in refrigerator. Four treatments were made with different percentages of green tea extract as follows: T1, T2, T3 and T4, which involved (0, 2, 4 and 6%) of green tea extract respectively. T1 as a control sample and also concentration of l. casei for all treatments was regulated about 108 cfu/ml.  Three replications were determined for each sample and all experiments were done according to Completely Randomized Design (CRD) during (1, 7 and 14) days of storage. The highest content of acidity was attributed to T4, the highest value for dry matter was attributed to T1. Fat % of all treatments was constant during storage and total phenol for T4 was the highest content. The measurement of survival rate of all treatments showed that T4 had highest value. Synersis% of T4 was highest value. Sensory evaluations were carried out according to hedonics’ test and all sensorial scores decreased by adding tea extract. Totally addition of green tea extract had negatively effects on synersis content according to microbial, physicochemical and sensory evaluations, the best treatments was T2 among other treatments and had more similarity to T1 as a control sample. The addition of green tea extracts up to 2% could be improve viability of L. casei and also did not undesirable effect on sensory properties of probiotic set yogurt. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

100 - اثربخشی گیاه سرخارگل (Echinacea purpurea L) در فعالیت ضد آکسیدانی تام سرم خون در جوجه های گوشتی
غلام رضا قلم کاری نصیر لندی مجید طغیانی فریبرز معطر عباس عابد اصفهانی مریم اعرج شیروانی

مقدمه و هدف: این آزمایش جهت ارزیابی تأثیر سطوح مختلف سرخارگل در مقایسه با یک آنتی بیوتیک (فلاووفسفولیپول) در فعالیت ضد اکسیدانی تام سرم خون جوجه های گوشتی انجام شد. روش تحقیق: در این آزمایش 240 جوجه گوشتی یک روزه (راس 308) وزن شدند و به صورت تصادفی به 5 تیمار، با 4 تکرا More

مقدمه و هدف: این آزمایش جهت ارزیابی تأثیر سطوح مختلف سرخارگل در مقایسه با یک آنتی بیوتیک (فلاووفسفولیپول) در فعالیت ضد اکسیدانی تام سرم خون جوجه های گوشتی انجام شد. روش تحقیق: در این آزمایش 240 جوجه گوشتی یک روزه (راس 308) وزن شدند و به صورت تصادفی به 5 تیمار، با 4 تکرار شامل 12 جوجه اختصاص داده شدند. 5 تیمار شامل: 1. جیره پایه، 2. جیره پایه حاوی آنتی بیوتیک (5/4 میلی گرم فلاووفسفولیپول بر کیلوگرم جیره)، 3. جیره ی پایه حاوی 5 گرم پودر اندام هوایی سرخارگل در کیلوگرم جیره، 4. جیره پایه حاوی 10 گرم پودر اندام هوایی سرخارگل در کیلوگرم جیره، 5. جیره پایه حاوی 25/0 گرم عصاره سرخارگل در کیلوگرم جیره، بودند. میزان فلاونول –o – گلیکوزید تام بر حسب کورستین در پودر اندام هوایی و عصاره اندازه گیری شد و فلاونول –o – گلیکوزید تام بر حسب کورستین در جیره حاوی 5 گرم سرخارگل بر کیلوگرم جیره و جیره حاوی عصاره مساوی بود. در 42 روزگی نمونه خون گرفته شد و جهت اندازه گیری فعالیت ضد اکسیدانی تام سرم خون مورد تجزیه  قرار گرفت. نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد استفاده از 10 گرم سرخارگل بر کیلوگرم جیره بالاترین فعالیت ضد اکسیدانی تام سرم را در مقایسه با دیگر گروه ها داشت. عصاره الکلی نیز فعالیت ضد اکسیدانی بالاتری در مقایسه با گروه کنترل و آنتی بیوتیک داشت، اما این تفاوت معنی دار نبود. استفاده از 5 گرم سرخارگل بر کیلوگرم جیره باعث افزایش فعالیت ضد اکسیدانی تام سرم نسبت به گروه های کنترل، آنتی بیوتیک و عصاره ی الکلی گردید، اما این تفاوت معنی دار نبود. نتایج این تحقیق نشان می دهد که استفاده از 10 گرم سرخارگل بر کیلوگرم جیره فعالیت ضد اکسیدانی تام سرم خون را در جوجه های گوشتی بهبود بخشید. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: با توجه به خطر به وجود آمدن جمعیت های میکروبی مقاوم به آنتی بیوتیک در اثر استفاده مداوم از آنتی بیوتیک ها در جیره ی دام و با توجه به نتایج حاصله از این آزمایش و سایر مطالعات می توان از پودر سرخارگل به عنوان یک جایگزین برای آنتی بیوتیک در جیره ی غذایی طیور استفاده نمود. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

101 - بررسی محتوای فنلی، فلاونوئیدی و توانایی آنتی اکسیدانی برگ، گل، دانه ‏ و اسانس گیاه دارویی اسطوخودوس Lavandula officinalis در مقایسه با آنتی اکسیدان های سنتزی
شاهین مردانی نژاد

10.30495/medherb.2022.693918

Background & Aim: Lavandula officinalis is one of great importance due to its aromatic compounds and medicinal uses but not many studies have been done on the antioxidant power of different plant organs.Experimental: Antioxidant ability of Lavender leaves, flowers, More

Background & Aim: Lavandula officinalis is one of great importance due to its aromatic compounds and medicinal uses but not many studies have been done on the antioxidant power of different plant organs.Experimental: Antioxidant ability of Lavender leaves, flowers, seeds and essential oil based on inhibition of free radicals and nitric oxide, inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation by ferric thiocyanate and inhibition of malondialdehyde by thiobarbituric acid in compare with synthetic antioxidants Butyl Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) and Butyl Hydroxy Anisole (BHA) were measured.Results: The phenolic and flavonoid content of the leaf was 96.49±6.35 (µg gallic acid per mg dry weight of the extract) and 39.97±3.36 (µg of catechins per mg dry weight of the extract) respectively, more than other samples. In the study of antioxidant power, plant leaf extract with 48.66±5.5 μg was able to inhibit 50% of DPPH radicals, which had a weaker ability than synthetic antioxidants. The leaf extract of the plant had a higher ability than the synthetic antioxidant BHA to inhibit nitric oxide radicals and its ability was as high as BHT. The ability to inhibit the linoleic acid peroxidation of leaf and flower extracts at the beginning of the functional test showed similar BHT and BHA, at the end, the ability of leaf extract was stronger than BHA and weaker than BHT. The inhibitory potential of malondialdehyde leaf extract (82.66±1.5%) was better than BHA and weaker than BHT. Pearson correlation coefficients between phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of samples were high. Examination of leaf essential oil using GC-MS technique showed the presence of phenolic compounds in the plant.Recommended applications/industries: Due to the dangers of synthetic antioxidants in the food industry, the results of this study could introduce another application of this plant in terms of strong antioxidant properties. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

102 - بررسی فعالیتهای آنتی اکسیدانی و مهارکنندگی تیروزیناز برخی گیاهان دارویی منتخب نپال
سومان گیری منوج پاندیت سنگیتا ادیکاری پاریدی کوار سادیشیا پودل سام بهادر سورش جیوال شیلا گورنگ

Background & Aim:Phytochemicals are naturally occurring chemical compounds present in plants. It includes glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, carbohydrates, etc. Among them, some of them possess antioxidant property, which is responsible f More

Background & Aim:Phytochemicals are naturally occurring chemical compounds present in plants. It includes glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, carbohydrates, etc. Among them, some of them possess antioxidant property, which is responsible for regulation of free radicals in the body and tyrosinase inhibitory activity that results in the reduction in melanin synthesis. In addition, phytochemicals provide different health benefits to humans. Thus, the aim of the study was to determine antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of some selected medicinal plants of Nepal. Experimental: Phytochemical screening of methanolic extracts of test samples was performed with various reagents and the phenol and flavonoid contents were also determined. Antioxidant activity was carried out by DPPH free radical scavenging method and tyrosinase inhibitory activity was performed by mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory method. The presence of phytochemicals was confirmed by the visual color change upon addition of test reagents. The higher phenol and flavonoid contents among the selected plants were found to have better antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. Results: Among the selected plants, Diploknema butyraceae had the highest phenol content (665.33 ± 0.0 mg GAE/g dry extract weight) and flavonoid content (728 ± 0.3 mg quercetin/g dry extract weight) and showed similar DPPH free radical scavenging activity (IC50 value 6.012 μg/ml) to standard ascorbic acid (IC50 value 4.73 μg/ml). In addition to this, mushroom tyrosinase inhibition was also found highest in the same plant (31.07 ± 2.13 %) followed by Jatropha curcas (17.51± 0.49 %), Woodfordia fruticosa (16.95 ± 2.24 %) and least in Crateva unilocularis (1.41 ± 2.13%). Recommended applications/industries: The results above showed some probability of Diploknema butyraceae with potential tyrosinase inhibitory property. Therefore, further studies should be focused on isolation of active constituents responsible for tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

103 - ترکیبات شیمیایی و فعالیتهای بیولوژیکی Nepeta hindostana (Roth) Haines، Nepeta graciliflora Benth. و Nepeta cataria L. از هند
مونیکا جوشی راوندرا کومار ام پراکاش آنیل پانت D. راوات

10.30495/medherb.2021.683393

Background & Aim:Intraditional medicine system, Nepeta species are widely used to reduce chicken pox, tuberculosis, malaria, pneumonia, influenza, measles, stomach disorders, eye complaints, respiratory disorders, asthma, colds, coughs etc. The aim of the present st More

Background & Aim:Intraditional medicine system, Nepeta species are widely used to reduce chicken pox, tuberculosis, malaria, pneumonia, influenza, measles, stomach disorders, eye complaints, respiratory disorders, asthma, colds, coughs etc. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oils from three species of genus Nepeta viz: Nepeta hindostana (Roth) Haines (NHO), Nepeta graciliflora Benth (NGO) and Nepeta cataria L (NCO). Experimental: The essential oils were analysed by the combination of GC and GC-MS. Antioxidant activity was tested by using reducing power assay, metal chelating of Fe2 +assay, and DPPH radical scavenging assay. In-vitro antinflammatory activity was evaluated using albumin denaturation assay and anti-diabetic activity was determined by using α-amylase assay. Results: The major components present in NCO, NHO and NGO were cis-nepetalactone (69.78%), β-farnesene (43.41%) and sesquisabinene (28.75%), respectively. NCO showed the highest percentage inhibition of DPPH radical (IC50=5.89 µl/ml) followed by NHO (IC50=8.63 µl/ml) and then NGO (IC50=13.81 µl/ml). In terms of reducing power assay and metal chelating of Fe2+  assay, the highest antioxidant activity was also shown by NCO. Among the tested essential oil, NCO showed highest in-vitro anti-inflammatory potential (IC50 18.463±0.14 µg/ml) followed by NGO and NHO with IC50 22.035±0.11 µg/ml and 26.17±0.14 µg/ml, respectively. NHO showed maximum antidiabetic activity with IC50 8.92±0.10 µg/ml of α-amylase. Recommended applications/industries: On the basis of present research work it is marked that the essential oil of Nepeta hindostana (Roth) Haines, Nepeta graciliflora Benth. and Nepeta cataria L. is a potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic agent indicating their potentiality in the field of food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

104 - خواص آنتی اکسیدانی میوه توت فرنگی (Fragaria vesca L) در دو مرحله تکوینی رسیده و نارس
گیتا امینی سعید ایریان احمد مجد صدیقه مهربان

مقدمه و هدف: توت فرنگی (Fragaria vesca L.) گیاهی از خانواده گل سرخ (Rosaceae) است که خواص پزشکی دارد. از جمله می توان به خواص آنتی اکسیدانی آن اشاره کرد. پژوهش کنونی با هدف بررسی خواص آنتی اکسیدانی میوه توت فرنگی است. روش تحقیق: به منظور بررسی اثر آنتی اکسیدانی ، عصاره More

مقدمه و هدف: توت فرنگی (Fragaria vesca L.) گیاهی از خانواده گل سرخ (Rosaceae) است که خواص پزشکی دارد. از جمله می توان به خواص آنتی اکسیدانی آن اشاره کرد. پژوهش کنونی با هدف بررسی خواص آنتی اکسیدانی میوه توت فرنگی است. روش تحقیق: به منظور بررسی اثر آنتی اکسیدانی ، عصاره های میوه در دو مرحله تکوینی از رشد (رسیده و نارس) تهیه شد. به علاوه از 4 حلال مختلف استفاده شد که شامل اتانول 80%، متانول 80%، استون و آب مقطر بودند. در مجموع 8 عصاره گیاهی مختلف تهیه شد و خواص آنها با هم مقایسه شد. برای بررسی اثر آنتی اکسیدانی، از روش تعیین قدرت احیا کنندگی و فری سیانید پتاسیم استفاده شد. نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد که میوه توت فرنگی در هر دو مرحله خواص آنتی اکسیدانی دارد  ولی خواص آنتی اکسیدانی در میوه رسیده  نسبت به میوه نارس بیشتر بود که به واسطه وجود ترکیبات فنولی و میزان رنگیزه های بالاتر در آن می باشد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان داد که خواص آنتی اکسیدانی میوه رسیده از نارس بیشتر می باشد. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

105 - اثر گیاه چویل بر فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی سرم و برخی واکنش های ایمنی در جوجه های گوشتی
رضا گواهی غلامرضا قلمکاری مجید طغیانی شهین اقبال سعید محمد محمدرضایی مهدی شهریاری علیرضا دهقانی ابری

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

106 - اثر تنش خشکی بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی بومادران بیابانی (Achillea tenuifolia Lam)
شیما غریبی بدرالدین ابراهیم سید طباطبایی قدرت الله سعیدی سید امیرحسین گلی مجید طالبی

مقدمه و هدف: تنش های اسمزی در گیاهان باعث تولید رادیکال های آزاد شده و گیاهان برای پاکسازی این رادیکال های سمی راهبرد های گوناگونی را در پیش میگیرند که از مهم ترین آنها تولید و تجمع متابولیت های ثانویه می باشد. امروزه این موضوع محققین را بر آن داشته است که از More

مقدمه و هدف: تنش های اسمزی در گیاهان باعث تولید رادیکال های آزاد شده و گیاهان برای پاکسازی این رادیکال های سمی راهبرد های گوناگونی را در پیش میگیرند که از مهم ترین آنها تولید و تجمع متابولیت های ثانویه می باشد. امروزه این موضوع محققین را بر آن داشته است که از تنش های محیطی به خصوص تنش خشکی برای افزایش ترکیبات مهم ثانویه مانند فنول ها و آنتی اکسیدانها بهره بگیرند. از جمله گیاهان دارویی ارزشمند، گیاه بومادران بیابانی (Achillea tenuifolia) میباشد که گیاهی است چند ساله که دارای بسیاری از خواص دارویی است.روش تحقیق: به منظور بررسی اثر تنش خشکی، چهار تیمار مختلف (25%، 50%، 75%و 100 % تخلیه رطوبتی بر اساس ظرفیت مزرعه) با سه تکرار در گلدان های پلاستیکی واقع در گلخانه اعمال شد و پس از 30 روز، برگ نمونه ها برداشت و آزمایشات اندازه گیری کل ترکیبات فنولیک، فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی با سه مدل سیستم DPPH،  قدرت احیا کنندگی آهن و روش بی رنگ شدن بتاکاروتن اندازه گیری شد. غلظت مالون دی آلدهید و میزان تجمع پرولین نیز در برگ گیاه محاسبه گردید.نتایج و بحث: تنش خشکی در گیاه بومادران بیایانی توانست به صورت معنی داری میزان ترکیبات فنولیک و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی آنها (در دو مدل سیستم DPPH و بی رنگ شدن بتاکاروتن) را افزایش دهد. میزان پرولین و مالون دی آلدهید نیز با افزایش شدت تنش افزایش یافت. در حالی که بر اساس مدل قدرت احیا کنندگی، اختلاف معنی داری میان سطوح 25% و 50% ظرفیت مزرعه مشاهده نشد.توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: با توجه به نتایج حاصل از تحقیق حاضر می توان سطح 50% ظرفیت مزرعه تخلیه رطوبتی خاک یعنی تنش ملایم را سطحی مناسب جهت تحریک بیشتر تولید ترکیبات فنولیک در این گیاه توصیه نمود. در پایان، مطالعات بیشتری در خصوص اثر تنش خشکی بر مقدار سایر ترکیبات مهم موثره در این گیاه پیشنهاد می شود. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

107 - بررسی ترکیب اسانس و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی Achillea eriophora به عنوان یک گیاه دارویی
مالک طاهر مقصودلو جعفر ولی زاده جواد متقی پیشه ناهید راه نشان

مقدمه و هدف: بومادران ( از خانواده Asteraceae) یک گیاه دارویی است که گونه های مختلف آن استفاده های متعددی در طب سنتی در سراسر جهان دارند. گونه های بومادران برای درمان در شرایطی همچون تب، اختلالات شایع گوارشی، درمان تدریجی زخمها و التهاب پوست مورد استفاده قرارمی گیرد. هد More

مقدمه و هدف: بومادران ( از خانواده Asteraceae) یک گیاه دارویی است که گونه های مختلف آن استفاده های متعددی در طب سنتی در سراسر جهان دارند. گونه های بومادران برای درمان در شرایطی همچون تب، اختلالات شایع گوارشی، درمان تدریجی زخمها و التهاب پوست مورد استفاده قرارمی گیرد. هدف در این مطالعه بررسی ترکیب اسانس و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی در بخشهای هوایی Achillea eriophora جمع آوری شده از شهر خاش در استان سیستان و بلوچستان است. روش تحقیق: ترکیب شیمیایی اسانس جمع آوری شده با روش تقطیر آبی توسط دستگاه کلونجر با استفاده از GC/MS مورد آنالیز قرار گرفت. نتایج و بحث: در اسانس Achillea eriophora سی و سه ترکیب شناسایی شدند که Camphor (55/21%(، َArtemesia ketone (84/13%)، Alpha-Thujone (85/11%)،Borneole (94/8%)،  Yomogi alcohol(74/7%)، 1,8-cineole (19/5%)،  Terpinene-4-ol(23/4%) و Myrtenol (10/3%) مهمترین ترکیبات تشکیل دهنده بودند. به علاوه فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره به دست آمده با اتیل استات و اتانول با استفاده از معرف DPPH و بر اساس خاصیت مهار رادیکالهای آزاد مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که IC50 برای عصاره استخراج شده با اتیل استات و عصاره اتانولی بخشهای هوایی و نیز BHT به عنوان استاندارد به ترتیب 20/245، 25/89 و 5845 پی پی ام بود. در نهایت باید خاطر نشان شد که فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره اتیل استات ضعیف تر از عصاره اتانولی بوده و هر دو عصاره در مقایسه با BHT به عنوان آنتی اکسیدان مصنوعی ضعیف تر عمل کردند. برخی از ترکیبات مانند 1,8-cineole و Terpinene-4-ol می توانند مسئول فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی و ضدمیکروبی باشند در حالیکه Camphor و Borneole به عنوان آنتی اکسیدانهای قوی مورد تایید قرار نگرفته اند. توصیه های کاربردی/صنعتی: نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که Achillea eriophoraکشت داده شده در سیستان و بلوچستان می تواند به عنوان منبعی از آنتی اکسیدانهای طبیعی در نظر گرفته شود و در محصولات دارویی و غذایی برای ارتقای سلامتی انسان و جلوگیری از بیماریها استفاده شود. Manuscript profile

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108 - فلاونوئیدها به عنوان داروهای درمانی نوظهور: مروری بر فعالیت زیستی و شیمی درمانی آنها
آبیچه ایکالو جامز داماهابیلاب

Background and aim: The aim of the review is to study the bioactivity, chemoprevention and chemotherapy approach of flavonoids as the emerging therapeutic agents Results: The quickest way of managing health challenges in the developing world is by the uses of herbs. The More

Background and aim: The aim of the review is to study the bioactivity, chemoprevention and chemotherapy approach of flavonoids as the emerging therapeutic agents Results: The quickest way of managing health challenges in the developing world is by the uses of herbs. These medicinal plants are known to contain phytochemicals that conferred on them these pharmacological potentials. Among these chemical constituents are the flavonoids which become the emergent therapeutic agents because of their vast pharmacological properties. Among reported activities of plants derived phytochemicals, flavonoids have shown various pharmacological activities. Many flavonoids have shown significant anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities. Therefore, researches have focused on developing potent bioactive flavonoids. Recent researchers have focused on the development of potent drugs with minimal toxicity for cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy. The antibacterial activities of flavonoids against a wide range of microorganisms and their radical-scavenging ability are well known and reported. Therefore, one can conclude that flavonoids have actually become emerging therapeutic agents. Recommended applications/industries: In view of the pharmaceutical properties of various flavonoids such as anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities, they could be used in pharmaceutical industries. Manuscript profile

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109 - فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره متانولی .Salvia aethiopis L در سیستم گردش خون موش صحرایی
مصطفی اسدبگی رویا کرمیان پریسا حسنین مسعود رنجبر رامتین پاکزاد

مقدمه و هدف: رادیکالهای آزاد نقش مهمی را در گسترش آسیبهای بافتی در بیماریهای مختلف مانند سرطان، پیری، ضعف سیستم عصبی، &rlm;مالاریا، تصلب شرائین و رخدادهای پاتولوژیکی بازی میکنند. آنتیاکسیدانها نقش مهمی در ممانعت از پیشرفت این بیماریها More

مقدمه و هدف: رادیکالهای آزاد نقش مهمی را در گسترش آسیبهای بافتی در بیماریهای مختلف مانند سرطان، پیری، ضعف سیستم عصبی، &rlm;مالاریا، تصلب شرائین و رخدادهای پاتولوژیکی بازی میکنند. آنتیاکسیدانها نقش مهمی در ممانعت از پیشرفت این بیماریها &rlm;ایفاء میکنند. هدف از این مطالعه ارزیابی پتانسیل مهارکنندگی رادیکال آزاد &rlm;&lrm; DPPHدر سیستم گردش خون موش صحرایی &rlm;توسط عصاره متانولی &rlm;Salvia aethiopis&rlm; است. این گیاه متعلق به جنس مریم گلی از تیره نعناعیان است که اغلب گونههای آن &rlm;ارزش غذایی و دارویی دارند. مطالعات بیشتر پتانسیل این گونه گیاهی را به عنوان یک کاندید مناسب جهت کاربردهای دارویی و صنعتی آشکار میسازد. روش تحقیق: بدین منظور تعداد&lrm; &lrm;&rlm;10&rlm;&lrm; &lrm;سر&lrm; &lrm;موش&lrm; &lrm;صحرایی&lrm; &lrm;ماده&lrm; &lrm;بالغ&lrm; &lrm;به طور&lrm; &lrm;تصادفی&lrm; &lrm;با&lrm; &lrm;وزن&lrm; &lrm;حدود&lrm; &lrm;&rlm;200-250 گرم انتخاب&lrm; &lrm;شده و سپس&lrm; &lrm;به طور&lrm; &lrm;مساوی&lrm; &lrm;و&lrm; &lrm;تصادفی&lrm; &lrm;به&lrm; &lrm;سه&lrm; &lrm;گروه&lrm; &lrm;تقسیم&lrm; &lrm;شدند. گروه اول موشهای &rlm;صحرایی 0/5 میلی لیتر&lrm; &lrm;محلول متانولی &rlm;DPPH&rlm; (4-10&rlm;&rlm;×3 مولار) دریافت&lrm; &lrm;کردند. گروه&lrm; &lrm;دوم موشهای صحرایی 1 &rlm;میلیلیتر عصاره &rlm;Salvia aethiopis &lrm;&rlm;  (1 میلیگرم در میلیلیتر) به همراه 0/5 میلی &lrm;لیتر محلول متانولی &rlm;DPPH&rlm; &rlm;دریافت کردند و گروه&lrm; &lrm;سوم موش های&lrm; &lrm;صحرایی 1 &rlm;میلیلیتر اسید آسکوربیک را به جای عصاره گیاه به همراه 0/5 میلی &lrm;لیتر محلول متانولی &rlm;DPPH به عنوان کنترل مثبت دریافت کردند. &rlm;تمام تزریق ها به صورت درون صفاقی انجام شد. پس از خونگیری از قلب حیوانات و جداسازی سرم، مقدار فعالیت &rlm;مهارکنندگی رادیکال آزاد  DPPH  توسط عصاره  Salvia aethiopis با در نظر گرفتن کاهش جذب &rlm;قرائت شده به روش اسپکتروفتومتری ارزیابی شد.&rlm; نتایج و بحث: کاهش جذب برای رادیکال آزاد DPPH   (1/85 نانومتر) در سرم خون موشها در حضور اسید آسکوربیک به عنوان کنترل مثبت (1/07 نانومتر) و عصاره متانولی Salvia aethiopis به عنوان نمونه (78/0 نانومتر) حاکی از توانایی مثبت مهارکنندگی رادیکال آزاد عصاره متانولی گونه مورد مطالعه در سیستم گردش خون موش صحرایی از اسید آسکوربیک به عنوان یک آنتیاکسیدان سنتزی است. در مجموع نتیجه این مطالعه نشان میدهد که عصاره  Salvia aethiopisبهدلیل دارا بودن فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی مناسب میتواند در مطالعات بالینی آتی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile

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110 - ترکیب شیمیایی و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی گونه .Acorus calamus L از ارتفاعات مختلف اوتاراکند هیمالیا
آرکانا پارکی پینکی کوبی ام پراکاش راوندرا کومار آنیل پانت

Background & Aim:  Acorus calamus L. (Araceae) is an herb traditionally used in Indian and Chinees system of medicine. It is a perennial herb with long, cylindrical scented rhizomes which are creeping and extensively branched with the thickness up to 2.5 cm. Th More

Background & Aim:  Acorus calamus L. (Araceae) is an herb traditionally used in Indian and Chinees system of medicine. It is a perennial herb with long, cylindrical scented rhizomes which are creeping and extensively branched with the thickness up to 2.5 cm. The rhizomes are whitish internally and brownish externally in appearance. It is vernacularly known as Bach in India. The present investigation reveals the phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of the rhizome and leaves methanolic extracts of A calamus from three different altitudes of Uttarakhand. Experimental:  The extracts compositions of Acorus calamus rhizomes and leaves collected from three different altitudes of Uttarakhand Himalayas, India. The yield of extracts ranged from 0.3- 4.8% w/v, were analyzed by GC/MS and in-vitro antioxidant assay were done by different methods. Results:  Over 65 contributing 80.90-90.55 % in different extracts among all the accessions were identified. The major compounds identified were β-asarone (44.9-51.9%), shyobunone (1.1%- 5.3%), Z-methyl isoeugenol (0.1%-2.4%), leinoleic acid (6.4%-18.9%), α-asarone(0.1%-4.6%) and Z-isoelemicin (2.2%-15.8%). The amount of phenolics in rhizome extracts, ranged from 4.10 mg-4.80 mg GAE/g respectively, whereas in leaf extracts the amounts were 2.40-3.26mg GAE/g respectively. All the extracts exhibited good in vitro antioxidant activity with the IC50 values ranging from 0.3- 4.8 % w/v determined by different methods compared to standard antioxidant. Recommended applications/industries: Based on above observations it can be inferred that the herb may be a good source of bioactive compounds and can work as an antioxidant to prevent the oxidative deteriorative activity of food materials beside generation of database for its scientific and judicious in-situ exploitation. Manuscript profile

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111 - Vicia variabilis a Nutritive Feed for Domesticated Animals: A Survey about Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activity
M. Mosaddegh M. Hamzeloo Moghadam F. Naghibi S. Mohebby A. Pirani B. Eslami

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112 - اثر مخلوط گیاه دارویی و پرو بیوتیک بر عملکرد، فعالیت آنتی‪اکسیدانی و سن از شیرگیری گوساله‪های شیر‪خوار هلشتاین
ص. سیف زاده ف. میرزایی آقجه ح. عبدی بنمار ج. سیف دواتی ب. نوید شاد

هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر یک مخلوط گیاه داوریی و پروبیوتیک بر عمکرد، فعالیت آنتی‪اکسیدانی و سن از شیر‪گیری در گوساله‪های شیرخوار هلشتاین بود. برای انجام این آزمایش، 30 رأس گوساله هلشتاین تازه متولد شده (میانگین سنی 10-1 روز) با میانیگن وزنی 8 ± 42 در قالب یک طر More

هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر یک مخلوط گیاه داوریی و پروبیوتیک بر عمکرد، فعالیت آنتی‪اکسیدانی و سن از شیر‪گیری در گوساله‪های شیرخوار هلشتاین بود. برای انجام این آزمایش، 30 رأس گوساله هلشتاین تازه متولد شده (میانگین سنی 10-1 روز) با میانیگن وزنی 8 ± 42 در قالب یک طرح فاکتوریل (2×3) با 6 تیمار و 5 تکرار استفاده شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل: 1) جیره پایه شامل جیره استارتر و شیر کامل (شاهد)، 2) جیره پایه + 2 گرم پروبیوتیک، 3) جیره پایه + 5/1 درصد مخلوط گیاه دارویی، 4) جیره پایه + 5/1 درصد مخلوط گیاه دارویی + 2 گرم پروبیوتیک و 5) جیره پایه + 3 درصد مخلوط گیاه دارویی ، 6) جیره پایه + 3 درصد گیاه دارویی + 2 گرم پروبیوتیک بودند. گوساله‪ها خوراک‪های آزمایشی پلت شده را به صورت آزاد دریافت کردند و پس از یک ماه علوفه خشک وارد جیره غذایی شد. نتایج نشان داد که جیرههای آزمایشی بر مصرف ماده خشک در طول آزمایش نداشت. اما، افزودن 5/1 درصد مخلوط گیاه دارویی سبب افزایش ماده خشک شد (05/0>P). همچنین سطح 5/1 درصد گیاه داوریی باعث کاهش سن از شیرگیری گوسالهها شد (05/0>P). گوسالههای تغذیه شده با 5/1 درصد مخلوط گیاه دارویی و 5/1 درصد مخلوط گیاه دارویی + 2 گرم پروبیوتیک فعالیت آنتی‪اکسیدانی پلاسمایی بالاتری داشتند (05/0>P). این مطالعه پیشنهاد میکند که سطح 5/1 درصد مخلوط گیاه دارویی سبب بهبود عملکرد، سیستم ایمنی و همچنین کاهش سن از شیرگیری در گوساله‪های شیر خوار خواهد شد. Manuscript profile

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113 - Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Increase Resistance of L. iberica to Drought Stress due to Increased Accumulation of Protective Antioxidants
Niloufar Shoarian Rashid Jamei Bahman Pasban Eslam Seyed Yahya Salehi Lisar

10.30495/ijpp.2020.1901976.1233

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114 - The effect of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers on morphophysiological properties of Althaea officinalis
Narges Meyghan Pezhman Moradi

10.30495/ijpp.2018.543509

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115 - Comparison between antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds of Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat. and Ganoderma lucidum (Curt.) P. Karst from Iran
Shamameh Mohammadifar Syamak Fallahi Gharaghoz Mohammad Reza Asef Shayan Atousa Vaziri

10.30495/ijpp.2020.677209

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116 - The effects of glycine betaine and L-arginine on biochemical properties of pot marigold (calendula ofﬁcinalis L.) under water stress
Fatemeh Sadat Feiz Leila Hakimi Amir Mousavi Marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi

10.30495/ijpp.2019.667133

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117 - Effects of hydro- and bio-priming on some physiological and biochemical characteristics of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) seedlings under drought stress
Saba Dashab Heshmat Omidi

10.30495/ijpp.2021.1919331.1282

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118 - Advances in the performance of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni): Photoperiod interaction with potassium humate
Maryam Kamali Yahya Selahvarzi Atiyeh Oraee Morteza Goldani

10.30495/ijpp.2022.1927755.1317

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119 - Evaluation of Four Extraction Methods on Antioxidant Compounds of Two Medicinal Vegetables, Froriepia subpinnata and Eryngium planum
Edris Shabani Mohammad Mahmoudisourestani MohammadYounis Mahen

10.30495/ijpp.2022.1938898.1362

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120 - Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of fruit and leaf of Bene (Pistacia atlantica subsp. Kurdica) in Ilam province .
Parviz Malekzadeh Ali Asghar Hatamnia Hatamnia Khoshnood Nourollahi

10.30495/ijpp.2015.539646

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121 - Physiological and phytochemical changes induced by seed pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide in Artemisia sieberi under salt stress.
Forouzan Azimian Parto Roshandel

10.30495/ijpp.2016.532427

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122 - Screening chemical composition of essential oils and antioxidant activities of two Artemisia species from Iran .
Hamzeh Amiri Masoud Goodarzi

10.30495/ijpp.2017.532417

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123 - کاهش اثرات تنش خشکی با کاربرد خارجی اسپرمیدین و اسید سالسیلیک بر ختمی (Alcea rosea)
تکتم اورعی محمود شور علی تهرانی فر حسین نعمتی

تنش خشکی یکی از مهمترین عوامل محیطی است که رشد گیاهان زینتی را در فضای سبز محدود میسازد. اثر اسپرمیدین و سالسیلیک اسید بر ختمی تحت تنش خشکی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در ابتدا، گیاهان با چهار غلظت اسپرمیدین و اسید سالسیلیک (شاهد، 100، 200 و 400 میکرومولار) در سه روز متو More

تنش خشکی یکی از مهمترین عوامل محیطی است که رشد گیاهان زینتی را در فضای سبز محدود میسازد. اثر اسپرمیدین و سالسیلیک اسید بر ختمی تحت تنش خشکی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در ابتدا، گیاهان با چهار غلظت اسپرمیدین و اسید سالسیلیک (شاهد، 100، 200 و 400 میکرومولار) در سه روز متوالی اسپری شدند، و سپس به مدت دو هفته تحت تنش خشکی (80، 60 و 40% ظرفیت زراعی) قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که تنش خشکی تا 40 % ظرفیت زراعی سبب افزایش نشت الکترولیت، پرولین و فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز در مقایسه با گیاهان شاهد شد. همچنین کاربرد 100 میکرومولار اسپرمیدین و اسید سالسیلیک در بین غلظتهای مختلف بهطور معنیداری سبب کاهش نشت الکترولیت و فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز و افزایش محتوای نسبی آب، پرولین، پروتئین، فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز، تعداد گل و سطح برگ شد، اما غلظتهای بالاتر (400 میکرومولار) بی اثر و یا اثرات بازدارنده داشتند. تیمار با 100 میکرومولار اسپرمیدین و اسید سالسیلیک سبب افزایش مقاومت به تنش خشکی (تا 40 % ظرفیت زراعی) با کاهش نشت الکترولیت (5 %) و افزایش محتوای نسبی آب (11 و 9%)، مقدار پرولین (31 و 21 %)، شاخص کلروفیل (18 و 5 %) و وزن خشک (3 %) در مقایسه با گیاهان تیمار نشده تحت تنش خشکی 40 % ظرفیت زراعی شد. ختمی بهطور شدید تحت تنش خشکی آسیب میبیند، اما کاربرد اسپرمیدین و اسید سالسیلیک سبب افزایش محتوای نسبی آب، پرولین و پروتئین در گیاهان تحت تنش خشکی شد. کاربرد اسپرمیدین و اسید سالیسیلیک میتواند بهعنوان یک تمرین اقتصادی برای افزایش عملکرد ختمی در شرایط کمبود آب در نظر گرفته شود. Manuscript profile

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124 - ارزیابی اثر محلول‌پاشی پرولین بر برخی خصوصیات مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک گیاه همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis L.) تحت تنش خشکی
سوفیا سروری الهام دانائی خدایار همتی علیرضا لادن مقدم

تنش خشکی یکی از مهم‌ترین تنش‌های غیرزنده است که بهطور جدی تولید گیاهان زینتی از جمله همیشه بهار را کاهش می‌دهد، پرولین یکی از اسید آمینه‌های فعال در پدیده تنظیم اسمزی است، نقش موثری در کاهش آسیب‌های سلولی و بهبود تحمل به تنش خشکی دارد. آزمایش بصورت فاکتوریل در قالب More

تنش خشکی یکی از مهم‌ترین تنش‌های غیرزنده است که بهطور جدی تولید گیاهان زینتی از جمله همیشه بهار را کاهش می‌دهد، پرولین یکی از اسید آمینه‌های فعال در پدیده تنظیم اسمزی است، نقش موثری در کاهش آسیب‌های سلولی و بهبود تحمل به تنش خشکی دارد. آزمایش بصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح آماری کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار بهمنظور بررسی تاثیر محلول‌‌پاشی پرولین (صفر، 50 و 100 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک گیاه همیشه بهار(Calendula officinalis L.) تحت تنش خشکی (بدون تنش(شاهد)، 25، 50 و 75 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) انجام شد. نتایج حاصل از این آزمایش نشان داد، بیشترین وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی و ماندگاری گل روی بوته، کاروتنوئید و کلروفیل کل در تیمار پرولین 100 میلی‌گرم در لیتر و ظرفیت زراعی شاهد بود، بیشترین وزن تر و خشک ریشه، طول ریشه و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدان کل (DPPH) در تیمار پرولین 100 میلی‌گرم در لیتر و ظرفیت زراعی 75 درصد، بیشترین ارتفاع گیاه و تعداد گل در تیمار پرولین 50 میلی‌گرم در لیتر و ظرفیت زراعی شاهد، بیشترین پرولین در تیمار پرولین 100 میلی‌گرم در لیتر و ظرفیت زراعی 25 درصد بود. بهطور کلی نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد، محلول‌پاشی پرولین ‌می‌تواند اثرات نامطلوب کم آبی را تا حدودی جبران کند و از طرفی با وجود اینکه گیاه ‌همیشه‌بهار توانایی ادامه حیات را در شرایط تنش خشکی دارا است، اما در جهت بهبود افزایش عملکرد همیشه بهار آبیاری در سطح 75 درصد ظرفیت زراعی توصیه ‌می‌شود. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

125 - اشکال محصولات زیست فعال گل زینتی- دارویی پریوش با خواص درمانی امیدبخش: یک مطالعه جامع از گسترش داروها بر پایه طبیعی
سوماشکارا راجاشکارا یوتپال بارو

پریوش (خانواده خرزهره) معمولا تحت عنوان "گل نامیرا"، "گل مرگ"، "بنفشه جادوگر" و "سمبل دوستی" نامیده می شود. این گیاه یک علف هرز شناخته شده در درمان عوارض گوناگون است. از اهداف این مطالعه، دستیابی به کاربردهای فایتوشیمی، فعالیت های دارویی، اتنوفارماکولوژی، تشخی More

پریوش (خانواده خرزهره) معمولا تحت عنوان "گل نامیرا"، "گل مرگ"، "بنفشه جادوگر" و "سمبل دوستی" نامیده می شود. این گیاه یک علف هرز شناخته شده در درمان عوارض گوناگون است. از اهداف این مطالعه، دستیابی به کاربردهای فایتوشیمی، فعالیت های دارویی، اتنوفارماکولوژی، تشخیص، ترکیبات شیمیایی و زیستی گیاه پریوش است که باعث افزایش مدارک علمی در مورد خواص اتنوبوتانیکی این گیاه شده و به تشخیص خلاءهای موجود کمک کرده و نیازهای تحقیقاتی آینده را مشخص می کند. بیشتر استفاده های سنتی و سیستمیک که از عصاره این گیاه می شود، با مطالعات علمی ضد میکروبی، ضد سرطان، ضد قند خون، ضد سرطان خون، آنتی اکسیدانی، شیمی درمانی، التیام زخم، تولید نانوذرات، محصولات نانو و غیره به تایید رسیده است. محصولات جداسازی و خالص مثل آلکالوئیدهای ایندول ترپنوئیدی (TIA) شامل: آجمالایسین، آنهیدرووینبلاستین، کاتارانتین، سرپنتین، ویندولین، وینبلاستین، وینکریستین و ویندولینین قبلا تهیه، تایید و فعالیت آن ها به اثبات رسده است. این مقاله مروری به بررسی فعالیت های فایتوشیمیایی،اتنوفارکوماکولوژیکی، فارماکولوژیکی و زیستی گیاه پریوش می پردازند که مدرک معتبری در رابطه با داروهای تجاری باشد که با تحقیقات بیشتر بتوان داروهای مناسبتری برای انواع درمان ها تولید کرد. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

126 - An Efficient In Vitro Propagation, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Aphyllorchis Montana (Reichenb.f.)
Ganesan Mahendran

An in vitro plant regeneration protocol was successfully established in Aphyllorchis Montana , a saprophytic achlorophyllous orchid by culturing immature seeds. Among the six basal media evaluated for seed germination, BM-TM medium was found to be the best followed by K More

An in vitro plant regeneration protocol was successfully established in Aphyllorchis Montana , a saprophytic achlorophyllous orchid by culturing immature seeds. Among the six basal media evaluated for seed germination, BM-TM medium was found to be the best followed by KC medium. After 40 days, all the media turned brown and the growths of the protocorms were arrested. Activated charcoal, 1 g/l in half strength BM-TM was found to be suitable for further development of protocorms. Half strength BM-TM medium was supplemented with different growth regulators either individually or in combinations for multiplication of shoots. Of the five cytokinins tested, TDZ at 6.8 μM was found to be most effective for multiple shoot induction yielding 17.24 ± 0.27 shoots after 10 weeks of culture. Addition of low concentration of NAA (1.3 μM) in MS medium supplemented with the cytokinin TDZ (6.8 μM) favoured shoot multiplication. A mean number of 27.56 ± 0.54 shoots with 3.92 ± 0.11 number of roots were produced per explant. The response of the seed derived protocorm to the different types of organic additives viz., peptone and yeast extract and coconut water was also evaluated. The addition of these organic additives to the medium containing TDZ enhanced the number of shoot regeneration. The plantlets were acclimatized in plastic pots containing sterilized vermiculite. The survival rate was 100 % when maintained in the culture room condition (25 ± 2 °C). Screening of the antibacterial, antioxidant activity and estimation of total phenolics and flavonoid content of methanolic extracts of micropropagated plants were also carried out and compared with that of the wild-grown plants. In all the tests, methanolic extract from wild-grown plants showed higher antioxidant, antimicrobial activity, total phenolics and flavonoid content than in vitro propagated plants. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

127 - Drought Stress Impact on Some Biochemical and Physiological Traits of 4 Groundcovers (Lolium Perenne, Potentilla SPP, Trifolium Repens and Frankinia SPP) With Potential Landscape Usage
Elham Samieiani Hossein Ansari

Stress management is considered as an important factor in nowadays landscape. Therefore this research was conducted using a factorial experiment based on a randomized completely design with regulated deficit irrigation at four levels (100, 75, 50, and 25% of lawn irriga More

Stress management is considered as an important factor in nowadays landscape. Therefore this research was conducted using a factorial experiment based on a randomized completely design with regulated deficit irrigation at four levels (100, 75, 50, and 25% of lawn irrigation requirement) and three replicates to evaluate some biochemical and physiological traits on four groundcover plants (Lolium perenne, Potentilla spp., Trifolium repens and Frankinia spp.) with the potential use in landscape. Results showed that Frankinia spp. and 75% lawn irrigation requirement bears the highest proline content with same amount (0.84 mg/g fresh weight) and on the other hand highest (32.61 mg/g fresh weight) and lowest (15.95 mg/g fresh weight) chlorophyll content was shown in control (irrigation treatments) and Frankinia spp., respectively. For total soluble carbohydrates content, highest amount (1.54 mg/g fresh weight) belongs to Lolium perenne whereas the lowest (0.79 mg/g fresh weight) belongs to Trifolium repens. Trifolium repens also had the most DPPH free radical-scavenging assay (75.05%) among species. In general, regulated deficit irrigation affects different biochemical characteristics of examined groundcover plants significantly, but as a managing method applying it to below the damaging point for landscape plants can be a good method for water consumption management in this manner. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

128 - Evaluation of Main Anthocyanins in Skin of Forest Pear (Pyrus pyraster) (Sange Khouj) Fruit in Guilan Province of Iran
Ahmad Dadashpour Hassan MohammadAmooie Mohammad Jouki Naimeh Khazaei

The anthocyanins of the fruit skin of Iranian forest pear (Sange Khouj) were separated, identified and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography/diode array detection (HPLC/DAD) and HPLC/electrospray ionization /mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI /MS). The indivi More

The anthocyanins of the fruit skin of Iranian forest pear (Sange Khouj) were separated, identified and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography/diode array detection (HPLC/DAD) and HPLC/electrospray ionization /mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI /MS). The individual anthocyanins were identified by comparing their mass spectral data and retention times with those of standards and published data. Cyanidin-3-galactoside was the major compound, taking up 93% of the total anthocyanin content. The content of Cyanidin-3-galactoside reached 23.7±3.2 mg 100 g-1 fresh weight, followed by the eighth peak (2.14%) and Cyanidin-3-glucoside (1.23%). Pelargonidin- 3-rutinoside was identified for the first time in ordinary pear (P. communis L). DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays showed that the extract from the fruit peel of ‘Sange Khouj’ contained anthocyanins and possessed high antioxidant capacity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

129 - Improvement of Antioxidant Enzymes Activity of Zea mays L. After Treatment with Magnetized Water
Maryam Soleymani Faezeh Ghanati Somayeh Mohamadalikhani Hasan Zare maivan

Although the exact mechanism(s) of the effects of magnetic fields on plants is not completely understood, available evidences suggest that the effects of these fields are mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activity of antioxidant system. In the present study, More

Although the exact mechanism(s) of the effects of magnetic fields on plants is not completely understood, available evidences suggest that the effects of these fields are mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activity of antioxidant system. In the present study, the effects of a magnetic field (110 mT) on physical and chemical properties of water, and the effect of magnetized water on the antioxidant system activity of maize plants were investigated. Raman and FTIR absorption spectra of water before and after magnetization were compared. While the Raman spectrum of magnetized and normal water were identical, the intensity of FTIR absorption spectrum of magnetized water was significantly increased, suggesting changes in the distribution of hydrogen bound among water molecules and increase of its solubility. In comparison with the control plants, irrigation with magnetized water resulted in the increase of antioxidant enzymes activity i.e., SOD and CAT as well as increase of the contents of non-enzymatic compounds e.g., anthocyanins of the plants. In addition, lower amounts of H2O2, and lower activity of POD was observed in magnetized water-irrigated plants, compared to the control group. All together, these changes resulted in the maintenance of membrane integrity and improvement of growth and development of those plants which were irrigated with magnetized water. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

130 - Study of defense mechanism of microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis infected by Paraphysoderma sedebokerensis
Bahareh Nahidian Faezeh Ghanati Maryam Shahbazi neda Soltani Morteza Gholami

In the present study, the first early physiological responses of the green micro algae Haematococcus pluvialis during infection by chytrid Paraphysoderma sedebokerensis was studied. To this end, the palmeloid form of Haematococcus pluvialis was cultivated for two days i More

In the present study, the first early physiological responses of the green micro algae Haematococcus pluvialis during infection by chytrid Paraphysoderma sedebokerensis was studied. To this end, the palmeloid form of Haematococcus pluvialis was cultivated for two days in three media including the medium infected with chytrid (chyt) and the culture of chytrid infected (IBS) and uncontaminated (HBS) cells. Then, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, extracellular peroxide, and free intracellular enzymes were determined by UV/Vis spectrophotometry and HPLC techniques. The activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase in the chytrid infected cells after 24, 24, and 48 h was 2.3, 6.7, and 2.6 times higher those of control. These values for the cells cultivated with the infected media after 12, 12, and 36 h was found to be 2.1, 2.5, and 2.6 times higher than control. The extracellular peroxide content in the algae cultivated with the contaminated media was nearly constant and about 4 fold of the other specimens; while those of chytrid infected cells was slightly increased from 1.3 to 1.8 μM during 48 h cultivation. Amino acids histidine, alanine, asparagine, aspatic acid, arginine, and methionine were of the highest and the phenylalanine and tryptophan were of the lowest content. These results can be attributed to the cells defense response to chytrid infection thorough enhancement of peroxide content and activation of antioxidative pathways. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

131 - Effects of salicylic acid on biochemical and physiological characteristics of Matricaria chamomile
fatemeh rasekh null null atousa vaziri bahman kholdebarin

The Matricaria chamomile are medicinal and aromatic plants belonging to the Asteraceae family, which have many pharmaceutical properties. Salicylic acid‌ naturally occurs in plants at a very low concentration. It is a common plant-produced signal molecule that is respon More

The Matricaria chamomile are medicinal and aromatic plants belonging to the Asteraceae family, which have many pharmaceutical properties. Salicylic acid‌ naturally occurs in plants at a very low concentration. It is a common plant-produced signal molecule that is responsible for inducing tolerance to a number of mutation. The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of various concentrations of salicylic acid‌ on biochemical and physiological characteristics of M. chammomile. The seeds of M. chammomile were grown in the greenhouse with the mean day/night temperature and relative humidity of 29 ± 4˚C, 38 ± 5% RH/17 ± 2˚C, 59 ± 5% RH respectively. To investigate the effects of salicylic acid on morphological characteristics of M. chammomile .Fourteen weeks old plants were subjected to different levels of salicylic acid [control, 150, 300, and 450 mg l-1]. Our results showed that salicylic acid caused a significant change in proline content, photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant activity in M. chammomile but phenolic compounds has shown different profiles. The essential oil components of M. chammomilewere identified and analyzed by GC/MS and GC technique. Polyphenol components were identified and analyzed by HPLC method. The main components of essential oil were α-Bisabolol oxide A, Chamazulene and En-in-dicycloether. The main components of polyphenols wereChloregeni acid, Caffeic acid, Catechin, Sinapic acid, Hesperidin, Ellagic acid, Quercetin, Eugenol. The proportions of these main compounds and synthesis of some important essential oil components were induced by salicylic acid. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

132 - Phytochemical study of Zataria multiflora Boiss in different ecological conditions
Ahmad Niczad Shahram Sharafzadeh Ardalan Alizadeh Bahram Amiri Forood Bazrafshan

In the present study, 4 different ecotypes of Zataria multiflora medicinal plant (Estahban, Neyriz, Fasa and Larestan), were investigated in order to identify the best ecotype in terms of the highest percentage of essential oil, essential oil components, total phenolic More

In the present study, 4 different ecotypes of Zataria multiflora medicinal plant (Estahban, Neyriz, Fasa and Larestan), were investigated in order to identify the best ecotype in terms of the highest percentage of essential oil, essential oil components, total phenolic content, antioxidant properties and polyphenolic compounds of methanolic extract. Essential oils were extracted from all ecotypes by hydro-distillation via Clevenger apparatus, then analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatograph connected to mass spectrophotometer (GC/MS) . In total, 52 compounds were identified in the essential oils of different ecotypes of Zataria multiflora. The main chemical constituents were, thymol (34.41 - 54.35 %), p-cymene (9.49 - 19.85 %), -Terpinene (7.34 - 16.70 %) and carvacrol (5.35 - 15.34 %). Determination of total phenol and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent and by the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, respectively. Polyphenolic components of extracts of different ecotypes were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Total phenols varied from 234.66 to 302.28 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight, IC50 values in the radical scavenging assay ranged from 348.63 to 453.76 mg/mL. The predominant polyphenolic compounds in the extracts of all ecotypes included: Thymol, Carvacrol, Quercetin and Rosmarinic acid. The results showed that Neyriz ecotype has the highest percentage of essential oil and the highest percentage of thymol. The highest amount of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity was observed in Larestan ecotype. The predominant polyphenolic component was thymol and was observed in the Fasa ecotype. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

133 - Contents of Aerial Parts of Salvia leriifolia Benth
Zahra Hosseinpoor Mohsen Abadi Behnam Mahdavi Esmaeil Rezaei-Seresht

10.22034/jchr.2016.544146

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Open Access Article

134 - Study of Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Activities of Cotoneaster medicus and Glycyrrhiza glabra Plants
M. M. Heravi S. Rodi P. Ardalan

10.22034/jchr.2018.544027

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Open Access Article

135 - Characterization of Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Trachyspermum ammi Seed as a Potential Medicinal Plant
Hashem Akhlaghi Bhnam Mahdavi Hasan Rezaei

10.22034/jchr.2018.544079

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Open Access Article

136 - Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil, Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Vitex pseudo-negundo Seeds Collected from Northeastern Iran
Hashem Akhlaghi Sedighe Sadat Akhlaghi Seyed Abolfazl Mousavi

10.22034/jchr.2017.544183

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Open Access Article

137 - Assessment of Nutritional and Antioxidant Activity of Sport Drink Enriched with Spirulina platensis
Tahereh Sadeghi Mohammad Mehdi Marvizadeh Fateme Ebrahimi Shahrzad Mafi Omid Foughani Abdorreza Mohammadi Nafchi

10.22034/jchr.2022.1953680.1516

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Open Access Article

138 - The Effect of Different Levels of Dietary Manganese on Antioxidant Activity, Liver Enzymes and Liver Histology in Reared Young Beluga (Huso huso)
Fatemeh Hemmati Hossein Khara Habib Vahabzadeh Roudsari Rezvanollah Kazemi

This research aims to determine the effect of different amounts of dietary manganese on antioxidant activity, liver enzymes and, liver tissue of rearing young beluga (Huso huso) from October to December 2022 at the Dr. Beheshti Reproduction and Genetic Stock Restoration More

This research aims to determine the effect of different amounts of dietary manganese on antioxidant activity, liver enzymes and, liver tissue of rearing young beluga (Huso huso) from October to December 2022 at the Dr. Beheshti Reproduction and Genetic Stock Restoration Center of Sturgeon in Rasht, Guilan province. For this study, 180 pieces of beluga with an average initial weight of 266 ± 3.05 grams underwent a two-week adaptation period in the breeding environment, in six treatment groups and each treatment with three repetitions, with concentrations of 5 (Mn1), 10 (Mn2), 15 (Mn3), 20 (Mn4) and 25 (Mn5) mg of manganese sulfate monohydrate (MnSO4H2O) per kilogram of food and control treatment (Mn0) without adding manganese sulfate supplement were carried out in two months. At the end of each month, three pieces of fish were selected from each repetition, blood was collected and their livers were sampled for histological studies. The results revealed a significant difference in catalase and glutathione peroxidase levels among the experimental treatments (p<0.05) and their maximum amount was the control treatment fish, while superoxide dismutase levels did not differ significantly (p<0.05). Among the liver enzymes, Alkaline-phosphatase and aspartate-aminotransferase had a significant difference between the control treatment and other experimental treatments (p<0.05), but the alanine-aminotransferase enzyme had no significant difference (p<0.05). Also, different forms of tissue damage were observed in the liver tissue of all treatments, even the control (atrophy, biliary stagnation, Fat degeneration and, cellular necrosis). Based on the results of this research, the levels of 10-15 mg of dietary manganese could improve antioxidant activities, liver enzymes and reduce liver tissue damage in breeding young beluga. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

139 - Effect of Methanol Extract of Gokshura (Tribulus terrestris) on Growth Performance, Body Chemical Compositions and Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in Grey Mullet (Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758)
P. Akbary Z. Vidadi

In this study, the effect of methanol extract of Tribulus terrestris (MET) in different treatments containing control group (without using plant extract), 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g MET/kg diet on growth performance, body chemical composition and activity of oxidant enzymes of gr More

In this study, the effect of methanol extract of Tribulus terrestris (MET) in different treatments containing control group (without using plant extract), 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g MET/kg diet on growth performance, body chemical composition and activity of oxidant enzymes of grey mullet Mugil cephalus were investigated in triplicate for 60 days. Twenty water tanks and 20 fish with initial average weight of 8.42 ± 0.43 g were stored per 60 liters. At the end of the experiment, the results showed that there was no significant difference in growth parameters (FW, BWG, PER, SGR and CF), between all treatments and control group (p > 0.05). Increased survival rates were observed in treatments 3 and 4 compared to the control treatment. The crude protein and moisture of  treatment 4 significantly increased compared to other treatments (p < 0.05). The crude fat significantly decreased in treatments 3 and 4 compared to control and treatment 2 (p < 0.05). The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) enzymes have been increased more significantly in treatment 4 compared to the control treatment (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the malondialdehyde (MDA) value was lower in all treatments compared to the control treatment (p < 0.05). MDA value has been the lowest in treatments 3 and 4 compared to the control treatment (p < 0.05). Hence, based on the results, in order to reduce lipid oxidation and improve the carcass duality and survival status of fish, it is recommended to use 15 g methanol extract of Tribulus terrestris/kg diet of grey mullet fish. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

140 - Simultaneous optimization of extraction of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam aerial parts using response surface methodology
Zineb El Jabboury Smail Aazza Driss Ousaaid Oumaima Chater Uroš Gašić Peđa Janaćković Zora Dajic Stevanovic Stefan Kolašinac Meryem Benjelloun Lahsen El Ghadraoui

In this report, different extracts from the aerial parts of Ammi visnaga (L.), e.g., flowers, leaves, and stems were prepared using water, methanol, and ethanol. To optimize the extraction process, the design of mixtures was carried out using different extracting solven More

In this report, different extracts from the aerial parts of Ammi visnaga (L.), e.g., flowers, leaves, and stems were prepared using water, methanol, and ethanol. To optimize the extraction process, the design of mixtures was carried out using different extracting solvents and their combinations. The special cubic model explained the variance of the TPC and the antioxidant activity of the extracts at a level of R2 > 95%. In general, the analysis of the model-derived response surfaces revealed that in binary mixtures (50% ethanol + 50% methanol), the yielded values of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity increase with the water proportion of different prepared mixtures. The ability of the quaternary mixture to extract the phenolic compounds was also positively and significantly influenced by the water content, creating a mild polar medium for the extraction of phenolic compounds. The phenolic profile of different extracts under study revealed the presence of a cocktail of active ingredients, including chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, p-coumaric acid, etc. especially the flower extract of A. visnaga (L.). Manuscript profile

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