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Open Access Article
1 - The possibility of inferring the justice system as fairness from within the discourses of the Islamic Republic
Afshin Habibzadehkolli Reza Akbari noori khodayar mortazavi aslThe concept of justice and the system based on it has always been one of the important topics of political thought and philosophy. John Rawls, one of the greatest contemporary political philosophers of the West, in his book Justice as Fairness, tries to explain in a pol MoreThe concept of justice and the system based on it has always been one of the important topics of political thought and philosophy. John Rawls, one of the greatest contemporary political philosophers of the West, in his book Justice as Fairness, tries to explain in a political understanding of justice, the necessities of realizing the greatest possible freedom and equality for the citizens of a democratic society. The theoretical framework of the article is the theory of justice as fairness and the research method is discourse analysis. The main question is to what extent is it possible to infer the justice system as fairness according to Rawls from the discourses of the Islamic Republic? In this connection, one of the main topics is the discussion about the ratio of public interests and individual and group interests, because according to Rawls, the justice system is the institutionalized area of public interests, which is due to the institutions of the basic structure of society, which is also associated with the existence of the country or The existence of the nation-state is ongoing. In this regard, the opinions of Morteza Motahari and Abdullah Javadi Amoli, two well-known clerics, have been examined as the main conceptualizers of the analysis of the discourse of justice, from which the possibility of extracting a theory of justice close to justice as fairness can be calculated. The result is that Motahari's point of view is more capable of interpreting the justice system as fairness in the discourse of political Islam than Javadi Amoli's point of view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Measuring the Impact of Possible Actors on Future Land Wars in the Eastern and Southern East of Iran
سیدعلیرضا قاضی میرسعید حمیدرضا فرتوک زاده حسین ولیوند زمانی سید اصغر GH ابوالفضل باقریOne of the characteristics of future wars is the plurality and diversity of actors and forces involved in the war, and the analysis of actors is a process by which actors are identified; their role and contribution in the intended program and the relationships of the ac MoreOne of the characteristics of future wars is the plurality and diversity of actors and forces involved in the war, and the analysis of actors is a process by which actors are identified; their role and contribution in the intended program and the relationships of the actors are determined. To make Therefore, this research has been conducted with the aim of analyzing the main actors in the eastern and southeastern parts of the country to formulate controversy and possible ground warfare in the future.This research was exploratory and futuristic. In this regard, a panel of experts consisting of 11 tables of experts and experts in the field of war was formed and then interviewed with 9 senior officials associated with the situation in the region. Then, using the actor analysis method, the main actors in the future ground warfare in the area were identified and classified, and then the role of the actors and the relationship between them was identified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Assessment and Presentation of a Proper Paradigm to Identify, Measure, and Control Financial Risks in Financial and Credit Institutions (Case Study of Mellat Bank)
M. Taghavi M. Khodaei ValahzaghardFinancial and credit institutions are threatened by different types of risks. The main objective in thisresearch is to assess and present a proper paradigm to identify, measure, and control financial risks infinancial and credit institutions. The method of research acco MoreFinancial and credit institutions are threatened by different types of risks. The main objective in thisresearch is to assess and present a proper paradigm to identify, measure, and control financial risks infinancial and credit institutions. The method of research according is applied upon implementation andcorrelation methods, and ex-post facto is accomplished in Bank Mellat. Sampling is intentional, andthe sample volume was determined by the researcher. Required data for this research were collecteddaily from 39 regional offices of Mellat Bank between 2005 and 2007. Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) and Linear Structural Relationships (LISREL) were used to analyze the research data. Thisstudy shows that the impact of loans and investment on liquidity risk, the impact of assets and foreigncurrency debts on foreign currency risk, and the impact of interest sensitive assets and debts volatilityvariant on interest risks are meaningful. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The Application of Altman & Springate Models In Bankruptcy Prediction of Accepted Companies In Tehran Stock Exchange
A. Mohammadzadeh M. NoferestiThe investors are always trying to prevent from losing their capital ad interest through predicting theprobability of the bankruptcy of a Company since in the event of the bankruptcy, value of thesecurities decreases intensely. So, the investors are looking for methods MoreThe investors are always trying to prevent from losing their capital ad interest through predicting theprobability of the bankruptcy of a Company since in the event of the bankruptcy, value of thesecurities decreases intensely. So, the investors are looking for methods by which they could predictthe bankruptcy of the Companies. Moreover, one of the issues discussed 'in financial management isthe investment and trust in the investment and one of the things that could help the investors to makeright decisions in their investments is the existence of some tools and models for the assessmenl offinancial status and the condition of the Organizations.The purpose behind this research is to determine the efficiency of Altman and Springate Models inpredicting the bankruptcy of a Company. The statistic Community on which this research was 'madeis~ the successful and bankrupted Companies in Tehran's Security Exchange and the required Data tomake this research is collected in a period of five years (2001-2006). After calculating the ratiosexistent in the models and determining z index, accuracy and error for each of the models arecalculated .Regarding the results obtained from the, research, both, of Altman and Springate Models have thecapability to predict 'the bankruptcy of the Companies in Tehran's security Exchange while AltmanModel enjoys from more accuracy in comparison with Springate Model. So, the prospective investors,shareholders and others are recommended to use Altman Model in predicting the bankruptcy of theCompanies accepted in Tehran 's Security Exchange. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Investigating the Relationship Structure of Knowledge-based Urban Development Stakeholders In Isfahan Using Social Network Analysis
Mostafa Dehghani Gholamreza Haghighat Naeini, , Esfandiar ZebardastToday, cities are the center of development and the place of production and sharing of knowledge and play a fundamental role in knowledge-based development (KBD). However, due to the novelty of the knowledge-based Urban Development (KBUD) Studies and the lack of systema MoreToday, cities are the center of development and the place of production and sharing of knowledge and play a fundamental role in knowledge-based development (KBD). However, due to the novelty of the knowledge-based Urban Development (KBUD) Studies and the lack of systematic development of its theoretical foundations, There have not been many reports of the success or failure of KBUD policies and the challenges they face in cities in developing countries. However, in order to create an integrated interaction between urban resources and stakeholders, good governance and strong political leadership, scientific and technological pioneers are needed to address the weakness of institutional arrangements and the inadequacy of governance tools. indeed, given the need for local government political will and support for increased organizational cooperation with civil society and citizens, for the KBUD stakeholders who have both the power and motivation and sufficient interest to establish and promote KBUD And it is necessary to reduce the barriers to their participation. Therefore, strengthening stakeholder trust and participation is an appropriate tool to move towards KBUD, and KBUD analysis of key stakeholder relations networks is an important and effective first step in this regard. Therefore, the present study aims to expand the participation of local stakeholders and strengthen trust and interaction between them to create institutional changes responsive to KBUD Isfahan, by analyzing communication networks, trust and participation of key stakeholders KBUD Isfahan using social network analysis method (SNA), identify and analyze the pattern of trust and participation of stakeholders that is the basis for the sharing of knowledge between them. The general strategy of the research is a case study with a pragmatic paradigm orientation and is descriptive-exploratory in terms of operational purpose. The results show that despite the great importance of the political will of the local government and its comprehensive support for the expansion of organizational cooperation with civil society and citizens in the global experience of forming KBUD, The main stakeholders who play a key role in promoting and guiding the KBUD and involvement of other stakeholders are usually the city council, the municipality, and other local non-governmental organizations and centers. This reflects the active and progressive civil society in these cities. While in Isfahan, despite the significant role of the city council and municipality, most of the main and central stakeholders of KBUD, such as the Governorate, Management and Planning Organization, Road and Urban Development Organization, government organizations with a governing role. This indicates the nature of centralized government, the power and superior resources of the government over other actors in society and the weakness of network governance, as well as the difficulty of forming the bottom-up process of creating KBUD in Isfahan. Under these circumstances, those in power in the network may organize resources to their advantage and, by controlling the public discourse of the network, provide grounds for excluding or marginalizing the weak actors of the network. Of course, it should be noted that the government plays a pivotal role in the process of knowledge-based urban development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Investigating the effect of paying attention to the digital space on consumer decision-making with the mediating role of brand interest and willingness to buy
Soheila Zarinjoy alvar Donya BaviPurpose: This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of paying attention to the digital space on consumer decision-making with the mediating role of interest in the brand and willingness to buy (case study of Araz sports products). Methodology: In MorePurpose: This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of paying attention to the digital space on consumer decision-making with the mediating role of interest in the brand and willingness to buy (case study of Araz sports products). Methodology: In terms of the purpose of this research, it is an applied research, and in terms of the method of data collection, it is a survey research and in terms of time, and since the researcher investigates the effect of the independent variable on the dependent, therefore this The nature of the research is causal-descriptive research. The data collection method is also field. The population of this research includes the consumers of Araz brand sports products in Abadan city, and due to the unlimited population, we used Cochran's formula to calculate the number of sample members. Based on this, the number of the examined sample was 384 people (questionnaire) and we used the online distribution of the Kim (2020) questionnaire to collect data. For the reliability of the questionnaire, we used Cronbach's alpha coefficient and for its validity, we used the analytical factor verification method. The results of the research hypotheses have been tested using Lisrel software. Findings: The results showed that paying attention to the digital space has an effect on consumer decision-making with the mediating role of brand interest and willingness to buy. Also, sports brands, including Iranian brands, need to install digital devices in stores to create a digital space to speed up the decision-making process of consumers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Iran and the New Iraq: Challenges and Opportunities
کیهان BarzegarConsidering the developments taking place in Iraq andthe imminent installing of a new government in the country, theauthor, in this article, seeks to explore the opportunities andchallenges of the aforementioned situation to the Iranian nationalinterests. The main quest MoreConsidering the developments taking place in Iraq andthe imminent installing of a new government in the country, theauthor, in this article, seeks to explore the opportunities andchallenges of the aforementioned situation to the Iranian nationalinterests. The main question of the research involves that whatkind of government in Baghdad would secure the Iranian nationalinterests, as the fact that Iraq has persistently represented andwill be a strategic rival and a security threat to Iran. This articleis organized in three sections. In the first section, the authorexposes the Iranian general views toward the Arab world andIraq in particular. The second and third sections observe the constants in the Iranian-Iraqi relations and pays attention to thechallenges ahead. Finally, the author undertakes that Iran andthe new Iraq are able to divert their relations from the stage ofcontinued conflicts and threatening each other’s interests anddirect them toward a constructive rivalry and cooperation withinthe framework of common interests. This will largely depend onthe first step to be taken by the new Iraqi government. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The effect of institutional ownership on performance measurement indicators based on residual income and market components
Allah Karam SalehiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of institutional ownership on performance measurement indicators based on residual income and market components in listed companies on Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, a sample of 145 companies during 2010- MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of institutional ownership on performance measurement indicators based on residual income and market components in listed companies on Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, a sample of 145 companies during 2010-2016 was selected by systematic elimination sampling. The research method is library and correlation. In this study, In order to measure the performance based on the components of the residual income, earning before interest and taxes, and net operating profit after-tax, and for measuring the market-based performance, two market value added and Q Tobin ratio indicators are used. The analysis and hypothesis testing were performed using regression of generalized least squares method (EGLS) with panel data approach. The results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between institutional ownership and performance measurement indicators based on residual inome components (earning before interest and taxes and net operating profit after tax) and market indices (market value added and Q Tobin ratio) in the listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. These results are consistent with the active monitoring hypothesis and the convergence interest hypothesis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Investigation of the Effect of Interest Rate and Investment Rate on Iran Economic Growth
Sina Nematizadeh Mahdiye Siydall MosaviThis paper investigates the effect of interest rate and investment rate onIran economic growth using data from 1376 (1997) to 1386 (2007).,Atfirst we calculated the Interest rate, Investment rate and Iran economicgrowth, the related result is analyzed by SPSS14 and Evie MoreThis paper investigates the effect of interest rate and investment rate onIran economic growth using data from 1376 (1997) to 1386 (2007).,Atfirst we calculated the Interest rate, Investment rate and Iran economicgrowth, the related result is analyzed by SPSS14 and Eview3 software.The result suggested that there is a positive correlation between interestrate and economic growth but there is no positive correlation betweeneconomic growth and investment rate .this paper also suggested that thereis no relationship between interest rate and investment rate Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Benefit SEQOQ (or islamic investment) and related risk covering
Taghe Torabi Samaneh Tarighi Abdolah Daryabor Peyman TataeiOne of the innovations of the last decade in the field of Islamic monetary and financial debates is the publication of a variety of Islamic securities which is designed on the basis of Islamic agreements and appropriate alternative to the unlawful profit securities part MoreOne of the innovations of the last decade in the field of Islamic monetary and financial debates is the publication of a variety of Islamic securities which is designed on the basis of Islamic agreements and appropriate alternative to the unlawful profit securities particularly is counted the bonds.This article discusses the publication of interest securities, explanation of types of the risks associated with its securities and its stakeholders and also provide the management strategies, reduce and or coverage of these securities risk. It is expected to provide disseminate and improve these more financial instruments in Islamic countries with explaining the interest bonds ways and especially the risk of these securities. The interest securities is negotiable securities which is published based on Islamic agreements and represent its holders condominium on future interests and durable assets that transferred in lieu of payment of specified sum and the holders of the securities may benefit financial same and equivalent of the interests. As per findings, this research and model provided shall be operated for these securities, stakeholders of debts including sponsor (durable asset owners), real customers and investors and the interest securities shall be the instrument for return and coverage of the risk of each of the stakeholders. The sponsor of the securities covered the risk of future interests' sale for its asset, safe return investors, real customers, beneficial right from future interests for basic asset with publication, investing and or purchasing the interest securities. Although the interest securities in the frame of the research is a financial tool to gain the return and coverage of the risk, but like any other financial asset is exposed to various risks such as interest rate, liquidity and operational risks and also etc. which is presented as much as possible coverage guidelines of these risks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Model CEO's Persuasion by Disclosure of Financial Information
Mohammadreza Abdoli Hasan Valiyan Abbas Biniyaz Davood HassanpourCEO as a decision-maker at the head of the company, especially firms of their nature, is based on agency theory, plays an important role in increasing the level of transparency and creating information symmetry. Persuasiveness behavior as a component of other science to MoreCEO as a decision-maker at the head of the company, especially firms of their nature, is based on agency theory, plays an important role in increasing the level of transparency and creating information symmetry. Persuasiveness behavior as a component of other science topics and issues developed capital market and financial management which may affect management approaches in disclosure. The purpose of this research is Presenting the CEO's model of persuasion through disclosure of financial information based on comprehensive structural-interpretative analysis (TISM). This combined research is based on qualitative and quantitative methodology. The statistical community of the quantitative section included 18 university professionals who specialize in financial and accounting management. The statistical population of the qualitative section included 30 managers of Tehran Stock Exchange companies that participated in the matrix analysis section. In this study, firstly, statements about the persuasive ways of managing the financial information disclosure began through a large study of relevant content and after categorizing 79 articles, the researchers terminated the classified articles, and in the end, 24 studies were introduced into the analysis further. After completing the process, 17 statements were identified in terms of three components that were reduced to 15 after Delphi analysis. In the Structural-Interpretative Analysis section (TISM), which is due to the mathematical and operational complexity of Structural-Interpretative Analysis (ISM), it was identified in the model presented. Stimulating the aspirations and expectations of shareholders and investors as a proposition of psychological approaches to persuasion and distortion through the massive display of regulatory and control mechanisms as the proposition of philanthropic approaches as the most influential statements by the CEO in disclosing information and reporting accompanying financial statements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Determination of Interest Rate in Iran by using Fuzzy logic Method
Alireze Kazerooni Pooyan Kiyani Zana MozaffariInterest rate is one of the most important monetary policy instrument in an economy. The changes in interest rate leads to changes in other key economic variables like cost of production, Consequently changes in output and price level. However, like the other developing MoreInterest rate is one of the most important monetary policy instrument in an economy. The changes in interest rate leads to changes in other key economic variables like cost of production, Consequently changes in output and price level. However, like the other developing countries, lack of the advanced financial markets and governmental determination of interest rate , the market interest rate can't be observered in Iran. For this purpose, the main objective of this study is to estimate market interest rate index by using information on proxy variables such as inflation rate, rate of return on housing and amount of liquidity in economy during 1981-2012 by using fuzzy logic method. The empirical result indicates that interest rate has shown a lot of fluctuations over time. The maximum (78/7) and minimum (22/4) interest rate index has been in years 1995 and 1985 respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Studying the relation between inflation rate and interest rate based on Fisher's theory of the Iranian economy
پرویز سعیدی رضا مظهری حسن ولیانThis paper examines the main macroeconomic variables, including inflation andinterest rates will. Some policymakers and experts believe The increase in interestrates increase production costs and consequently increase the price level and inflation.On the other hand, acc MoreThis paper examines the main macroeconomic variables, including inflation andinterest rates will. Some policymakers and experts believe The increase in interestrates increase production costs and consequently increase the price level and inflation.On the other hand, according to economic theory, Increase in interest rates will rise ininflation rate. The aim of this research is to study relationship inflation rate with oneyear short term interest rate, Three-year medium-term interest rate and Long-terminterest rates(5 years) by using Least squares estimation methods and econometricmodels Fisher is a particular model. Purpose of interest rate in this study, Bank depositinterest rate is to be announced by the Central Bank of Iran And the inflation ratebased on the total index of consumer prices for goods and services in urban areas ofIran where the annual percentage change in prices (inflation) has been calculated bythe Central Bank, Is extracted. Data used in this study for a period of 18 years (1991-2009) is. Results indicate a significant relationship between inflation and interest ratesbe one year. And the inflation rate with The three-year and five years interest rate Notfound a significant relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Survey Of Reduction Procedure Of Facilities Interest Rate And Its Role On Inflation Indicator And Presantiation Apporpriate Pattern For Management And Control In Iran Between 1375-86
منوچهر جفره خدابخش داشگرزاده محمد عقبائیOne of the most important macro-economic variables, the interest rate facilities thathas an important influence on the inflation indicator. So that facilities with higherprofits, cost of capital increases, which will lead to increased production costs.According to the t MoreOne of the most important macro-economic variables, the interest rate facilities thathas an important influence on the inflation indicator. So that facilities with higherprofits, cost of capital increases, which will lead to increased production costs.According to the theory of cost push inflation, increasing production costs, the totalsupply curve moved to the left and provides an increase in inflation.In this research ; first , we evaluate facilities interest rate beetwen 1375-86 andinflation indicator rate by using Vector Autoregressive Regression (VAR) , AutoRegressive Distrebuted Lag (ARDL) and Dichey - Fuller test on the Schwartz -Bayesian ciriterion in long period term and for estimating relationship in theseelements of short term period ; we use Error correction model . correlation method isused in this research and Data gathering is in bibliotheca and documantaries .As a result ; it implies according to statistics experiments ; relation betweenfacilities interest rate and inflation indicator of long term period is expressive and toreduction in facilities interest rate concludes decrease in inflation indicator . in shortterm period this relationsheep is meaningless and reduction in facilities interest ratehas a negligible trace in Iran economy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Evaluating the impact of governments' capital expenditures in the framework of the Crowding-In effect on the return of the stock price index
پیمان اکبری FARZAD Moayeri ali asghar taherabadiThe main problem is to investigate and compare the impact of government capital expenditures on stock returns in the framework of the crowding-in effect in two groups of countries with a high level of development and countries with a medium level of development. In this MoreThe main problem is to investigate and compare the impact of government capital expenditures on stock returns in the framework of the crowding-in effect in two groups of countries with a high level of development and countries with a medium level of development. In this regard, by using Fisher's theory and empirical studies, the stock return rate model was defined for them and estimated using the balanced panel data technique. The results confirmed the positive effect of Crowding-In on the return of the stock price index in both groups of the study countries. In addition, the results showed that the effect of Crowding-In on the performance of the stock price index is not the same in both groups of study countries and it is more in countries with a medium level of development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Investigating the Role of Social Banking in Managing the Financial Conflict of Interest between the Banking System and the Manufacturing Sector
mohamad amiri abas asadi zohreh amiri vahid shahabi Leila Asadi amir razjoo -
Open Access Article
17 - Determinants of interest free banking service in Ethiopia: The case of Commercial Bank of Ethiopia, Bale Robe, Ethiopia
Yohannes Seifu -
Open Access Article
18 - The Effects of Interest Rates Volatility on Stock Returns: Evidence from Bangladesh
D. Muktadir-Al-Mukit -
Open Access Article
19 - The Role of Brand Emotional Attachment on Behavioral Responses of Luxury Car Buyers in Tehran
Mohammad Javad Taghipourian neda AshtianiIn developing economies, the attention of luxury goods by the middle class is a huge factor in earning an income and creating an economic cycle. In recent years, the interest in luxury cars has increased dramatically in Iran. The purpose of this study is to investigate MoreIn developing economies, the attention of luxury goods by the middle class is a huge factor in earning an income and creating an economic cycle. In recent years, the interest in luxury cars has increased dramatically in Iran. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of brand emotional attachment on the behavioral reactions of luxury car buyers in Tehran, that It examines the impact of its three dimensions (brand interest, brand connect and brand passion) on the dimensions of behavioral response (change intentions and WOM). For this purpose, questionnaires set based on research work by Albert and et al. (2009) and Athanassopoulos and et al. (2001) and was distributed among the buyers of luxury cars in Tehran in a multi-stage cluster that 384 questionnaires were analyzed. Structural equation modeling results shown that brand emotional attachment has positive effect on word of mouth but does not affect change intention and also, Brand passion, brand attachment have a positive impact on word of mouth and change intention but brand interest has no effect on word of mouth advertising and change intention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The Influence of Product Involvement on Brand Loyalty
H. R. Saeidnia S. JamalinejadBrand loyalty is a fundamental concept in strategic marketing. Companies plan marketing strategies to increase brand loyalty, maintain their market share, and garner higher profits. Having a large number of loyal customers helps the organization decrease MoreBrand loyalty is a fundamental concept in strategic marketing. Companies plan marketing strategies to increase brand loyalty, maintain their market share, and garner higher profits. Having a large number of loyal customers helps the organization decrease marketing costs and gain competitive advantages. Loyal customers are an asset for a brand and have been identified as a major determinant of brand equity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of product involvement on brand loyalty using Kapferer and Laurent’s Consumer Involvement Profile (CIP). A total of 270 usable questionnaires were collected from students of I.A.U. Tehran Science and Research Branch University. In this study, a cell phone was selected as the product, and Structural Equation Model (SEM) was used to analyze results. It was found that product involvement has a positive effect on brand loyalty and that brand loyalty is affected by all dimensions of product involvement. Interest and hedonic value, sign value, and risk importance positively affect brand loyalty, while risk probability and brand loyalty have a significant and reversed relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - The role of the prohibition of detriment rule in preventing conflicts of interest in implementaion of environmental protection laws
hossein shahbeik Mohammad Javad Heidari Mohammad nazari ferdoseihAccording to most of environmental experts, the main reason for the Enviromental crisis is due to some legal defects that cause conflicts of interest in implementation of environmental laws and regulations. Meanwhile, in the light of the provisions of Article 2 of the L MoreAccording to most of environmental experts, the main reason for the Enviromental crisis is due to some legal defects that cause conflicts of interest in implementation of environmental laws and regulations. Meanwhile, in the light of the provisions of Article 2 of the Law on Environmental Protection, some governmental agencies which are in charge of the environmental protection are one of the main parties to this conflict. The solution to this problem can be reached through reviewing the provisions of Article 2 which has delegated the legal structure and status of the most important custodian of environment, The High Council of Environmental Protection, to an Intra-Departmental and Inter-Ministerial Administrative Council. In this context, some governmental agencies have preferred the interests of the ministry over the environmental interests of the country, whose decisions and approvals in the field of environment are drawn within the framework of the government's short-term economic interests, and in practice, environmental laws and regulations are overshadowed by these interests. Based on the rule of Prohibition of Detriment the position of this council should be upgraded from the Administrative Council within the branch to an inter-force (between Executive, Legislative, and Judiciary Forces) and governing council. This can be an effective step in resolving conflicts of interest and in implementing environmental laws and regulations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Contract for Production in the Securities Market
Seyed Mohammad Reza Ayati Ali Ale BoyeContract of Istesna’ is not new a contract. It has been longdiscussed by great juristic scholars dealing with its rulings. SheykhTusi in Al-Khelaf and Al-Mabsoot, Shafe’ei in Al-Umm andSarakhsi in Al-mabsoot have discussed about Istesna’ and it’s MoreContract of Istesna’ is not new a contract. It has been longdiscussed by great juristic scholars dealing with its rulings. SheykhTusi in Al-Khelaf and Al-Mabsoot, Shafe’ei in Al-Umm andSarakhsi in Al-mabsoot have discussed about Istesna’ and it’s licitor illicit position, although in the past its applications were limitedto instances such as orders for making boots, shoes and iron, zinc orwood utensils.In this paper, after explaining the meaning of Istesna’, this contracthas been recognized as an independent one. Then, after introducingIstesna’ securities, jurisprudential and legal issues on the matter andon the relations in trading stock, bonds and institutions in relationwith issues of contract of Istesna’ and jurisprudence of selling havebeen studied. It has been tried to suggest solutions for challenges inthe relevant field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Analysis of Traslative theory of the lease of premises
Marzieh AfzalimehrLease of premises is a contract have a lot of application in society.inaccordance with existance of some practical results on divisionbetween translative and promissory theory of the lease :such aspossibility of possession of interests to others by lease holderanalysis MoreLease of premises is a contract have a lot of application in society.inaccordance with existance of some practical results on divisionbetween translative and promissory theory of the lease :such aspossibility of possession of interests to others by lease holderanalysis of the translative theory-that is an accepted theory byfamous Islamic jurisprudents and civil law- is nessacery. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - The survey of the prohibition and lawfulness theories about surrogacy in Imamites
Vahid Zarei SharifThis writing investigates the prescriptive judgement about surrogacy forwhich four theories are found including: permission, prohibition, apparentexemption and lawfulness. The said theories are based on the validImamites references. Those who believe in prohibition argu MoreThis writing investigates the prescriptive judgement about surrogacy forwhich four theories are found including: permission, prohibition, apparentexemption and lawfulness. The said theories are based on the validImamites references. Those who believe in prohibition argue thatsurrogacy is illegal. They refer to sermons and arguments, and believe inthe necessity of keeping the pudendum safe, or taking care of if, also, theyargue about the prohibition of putting sperm in the others, wombs andthey think the kinship should be prevented, too. Some jurisprudentsbelieve in its being lawful based on permission and exemption principles.The fourth theory calls it contingent jast as a medical treatment and underspecific conditions. Having investigated the afore-mentioned theories andthe Imamites. Jurisprudents, beliefs and same dependable reasanings, weare led to believe that none of the sermons and narrations aboutprohibition believes in surrogacy and the third theory which is about theexemption, despite the existence of real prevention, is not clear-cut. Thelast theory has no investigatory basis, as it deals with public permission, ifneeded, and also because it presents no independent theory aboutsurrogacy. As a result, in this survey, we will be led to the second theory,that is, the lawfulness based on the real permission. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Related-Party Transactions and Financial Statement Comparability: An Empirical Study of the Conflict of Interest Hypothesis
Khadijeh Najafian Mehdi Safari GerayliAccording to the conflict of interest hypothesis, directors take advantage of related-party transactions for their personal benefits so that companies with related-party transactions present less comparable financial information to mask the adverse effects of such trans MoreAccording to the conflict of interest hypothesis, directors take advantage of related-party transactions for their personal benefits so that companies with related-party transactions present less comparable financial information to mask the adverse effects of such transactions and thus prevent stakeholders from recognizing them. Given this argument, this study aims at exploring the effect of related-party transactions on the comparability of financial statements. To do so, a sample of 86 firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2012-2016 were selected and then tested using multivariate regression model based on panel data. In accordance with the conflict of interest hypothesis, the results revealed that related-party transactions lead to a fall in financial information comparability. The findings of the study not only fill the research gap in the field, but also benefit investors, stock exchange and other stakeholders in decision making process Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Hegemonic Model of Stakeholders Interest Conflict o in Family-Owned Companies: The Theory of Caudilloism in Corporate Governance
mohsen Sharififard Ahmad Kaabomeir Ali Mahmoodi Fatemeh MehrabaniMeeting stakeholder expectations is an integral part of governance structures, so the presence of effective functions in governance structures reduces the conflict of interest of external stakeholders with the company due to the existence of effective oversight. However MoreMeeting stakeholder expectations is an integral part of governance structures, so the presence of effective functions in governance structures reduces the conflict of interest of external stakeholders with the company due to the existence of effective oversight. However, family ownership structures, as part of corporate governance, always face the premise that they may simply seek to meet the expectations of those in power in the corporate structure by ignoring the interests of other shareholders. Therefore, this study seeks to provide a hegemonic model of creating a conflict of interest between stakeholders in family-owned companies by developing the theory of Caudilloism. In this research, which is considered as a methodology of development and composition, an attempt was made to identify the components of the hegemonic structure of family-owned companies in terms of creating conflicts of interest with stakeholders, relying on meta-hybrid and Delphi analysis processes in the qualitative part of the research. Then, in a quantitative method, interpretive ranking analysis and Mick Mac used to identify the most influential component of the hegemonic structure of family-owned companies in terms of creating conflicts of interest with stakeholders. The statistical population in the qualitative section was 13 specialists and experts in the field of accounting at the university level, and in the small section benefited from the participation of 20 managers of family-owned companies in the capital market who had both knowledge and experience was taken. The basis for sample selection was the use of homogeneous method. The results of the research in the qualitative section, after screening the content of 10 approved studies, indicated the existence of seven components of the hegemonic structure of family-owned companies in terms of creating conflicts of interest with stakeholders. These components evaluated through Delphi analysis and the results of this section showed that all seven components analyzed individually. The results in the quantitative part of the research showed that from the total impact based on the pair scale between research components, the percentage of impact of the non-independence component of the board is higher than other components of hegemonic structure in family owned companies, which means to implement the approach. The hegemonic structure of family-owned companies at the level of capital market companies, the disclosure of information about the functions of the board of directors is more effective than other components. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Analysis of Social Interest in Group and Individual Sports: Case Study of Mazandaran Province Students
farnaz fakhri ali vafaei moqadam Mohsen Hadi Tahan mohammad zoleikanivarious governments are trying to increase the participation of people in sports activities, one of their main strategies is to attract school students to sport. The purpose of this article is to analyze how to interest students in sport based on their social dimension, Morevarious governments are trying to increase the participation of people in sports activities, one of their main strategies is to attract school students to sport. The purpose of this article is to analyze how to interest students in sport based on their social dimension, which is discussed in two separate groups and groups. The method of this research is descriptive and comparative. The statistical population of the study consisted of male and female students studying in the second grade secondary education of Sari district 2. Data collection was based on a researcher-made questionnaire that a group of psychology and physical education professors confirmed its validity. Also, its reliability was estimated to be α = 82. Anova's test used for data analyses that the Research findings show that Anova's test did not show any difference between social interest and individual and group sports. There was no difference between male and female sexes, but girls had little interest in sports than boys. According to research findings, by creating a more open and competitive sport space, social and sports interest can be established. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Recognizing and prioritizing conflict of interest in Islamic Republic of Iran Organization of Broadcasting
Ali Damavandi kenariThe issue of conflict of interest is at the root of corruption and inefficiency.Given the importance of conflict of interest management in the efficiency and prevention of corruption on the one hand, as well as the important position of IRIB as a pervasive media in the MoreThe issue of conflict of interest is at the root of corruption and inefficiency.Given the importance of conflict of interest management in the efficiency and prevention of corruption on the one hand, as well as the important position of IRIB as a pervasive media in the country, on the other hand, the importance of identifying conflicts of interest in the organization in order to structure it more effectively. Makes it necessary. Accordingly, the study was conducted through the study of some documents and interviews with about 20 university experts and professors and a survey with the statistical population of 120 Broadcasting experts and media researchers. The recognized items in the research are: conflict of incomes with duties, conflict of duty with duty, observer and order alliance, executor and lawmaker alliance, simultaneous employment, revolving door, and gift acceptance. According to Fridman testing method, simultaneous and revolving door ranked first while conflict of duty with duty ranked last. In addition, some approaches to deal with the mentioned items are suggested in the research Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Logical Positivism and Habermas Critical Position on It
Ebrahim Motaghi Hossein Abdollahi -
Open Access Article
30 - Explanation of the Possibilities and Tools of Mass Media on the Formation of Good Governance in Developing Societies (with Emphasis on Global Experiences)
Ali Damavandi Kenari Seyed Ali Tabatabaiepanah Sousan SafaverdiThe issue of conflict of interest is at the root of corruption and inefficiency. Given the importance of conflict of interest management in the efficiency and prevention of corruption on the one hand, as well as the important position of IRIB as a pervasive media in the MoreThe issue of conflict of interest is at the root of corruption and inefficiency. Given the importance of conflict of interest management in the efficiency and prevention of corruption on the one hand, as well as the important position of IRIB as a pervasive media in the country, on the other hand, the importance of identifying conflicts of interest in the organization in order to structure it more effectively. Makes it necessary. Accordingly, the study was conducted through the study of some documents and interviews with about 20 university experts and professors and a survey with the statistical population of 120 Broadcasting experts and media researchers. The recognized items in the research are: conflict of incomes with duties, conflict of duty with duty, observer and order alliance, executor and lawmaker alliance, simultaneous employment, revolving door, and gift acceptance. According to Fridman testing method, simultaneous and revolving door ranked first while conflict of duty with duty ranked last. In addition, some approaches to deal with the mentioned items are suggested in the research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - The Evaluation of Effective Factors of Tourism Development Consequent of National Sport Events from the Sport Authorities’ Point of View
Hossein Bayat Mirhassan SeyedAmeri Eskandar Hosseinpour Farough Fathi Kejal -
Open Access Article
32 - The Typology of Interest-Free Loan Funds and Women Potency; the Traditional Micro Credits Model in Iran
Soheila Alirezanezhad -
Open Access Article
33 - The Relation between Jurisprudence and Common Legal Sources and Essentials of Sovereignty
Mohammad Hosain FarhangiSovereignty and its various forms have always been a matter ofconsideration by men of political thought. Different approaches offollowers of religions and those of Islam have also been considered inthe process of sovereignty. In the Islamic Jurisprudence some suchsubjec MoreSovereignty and its various forms have always been a matter ofconsideration by men of political thought. Different approaches offollowers of religions and those of Islam have also been considered inthe process of sovereignty. In the Islamic Jurisprudence some suchsubjects as custom, reason, interest, and implicit interests have affectedthe realm of interference of religion with sovereignty in one way oranother. Such titles are recognized by human approaches beingconsidered as common legal sources and essentials in governingsocieties. When two affairs of primary precepts interfere, what is moreimportant is given priority. In interference of social necessities withprimary precepts, Islam has given priority to the former and havingtaken common essentials into consideration has treated secondaryprecepts as the foundation of sovereignty. Thus, in the Islamic juristicapproach human wills are given remarkable status in sovereignty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - The Effect of Chemical Intersterification of Palm Stearin and Canola on Physicochemical Characteristics of Produced Product
M. Ashofteh M. Ghavami M. GharachorlooIntroduction: The adverse effects of trans fatty acids on health during hydrogenation demands trans free products. Trans interesterification might be considered a process to solve this problem. The aim of this study is to interesterify palm stearin and canola to provide MoreIntroduction: The adverse effects of trans fatty acids on health during hydrogenation demands trans free products. Trans interesterification might be considered a process to solve this problem. The aim of this study is to interesterify palm stearin and canola to provide a hardened media and then investigate the physicochemical characteristics of the product. Materials and Methods: Binary blends of palm stearin/canola oil (in ratios of 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60 and 50:50 w/w) were interesterified using sodium methoxide as an alkaline catalyst. The changes in fatty acid composition, the 2-position arrangements of fatty acids, free fatty acids content, peroxide value, soap content, induction period at 120 °C (IP120), slip melting point (SMP) and solid fat content (SFC) of fat blends, before and after interesterification, were investigated. Results: Studies on fatty acid composition before and after interesterification showed that the process did not affect the chemical structure of fatty acid and the concentration of trans. All blends were trans-free and contained high essential fatty acids contents. Studies concerned with the 2-position arrangements of fatty acids, have shown that the expected random equilibrium has been achieved after 60 min of processing. Interesterification has modified the melting properties of fat blends by decreasing SMP and SFC.Conclusion: Interesterification has modified the melting properties of fat blends by decreasing SMP and SFC. Interesterified blends of palm stearin/canola oil at the ratio of 10:90 for liquid margarine, 20:80 and 30:70 for soft tub margarine, 30:70 and 40:60 for Iranian vanaspati and 50:50 for ice-cream formulation showed desirable characteristics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Optimization of Cropping Pattern with an Emphasis on Social Benefits in the Rational Exploitation of Water (A Case Study of Fars Province)
Hamid Mohammadi Alireza Sargazi Vahid Dehbashi Mohammad PoudinehBackground and Purpose:The aim of this study is to provide cropping pattern with different objectives to maximize the private and social benefits is separately in the city of Marvdasht. To determine the optimal cropping pattern mathematical programming models was used. MoreBackground and Purpose:The aim of this study is to provide cropping pattern with different objectives to maximize the private and social benefits is separately in the city of Marvdasht. To determine the optimal cropping pattern mathematical programming models was used. Methods: This study was collected the part of data such as yield, price and cost of production of crops and inputs to produce these products in hectare using two-stage cluster analysis method from 97 questionnaire. Results: The results showed the total cultivation area in this case relative to the total current cultivated area was unchanged. But in this model products such as irrigated wheat, dry land wheat, corn, watermelon, cucumber, onion, beans and irrigated lentils removed from the pattern and irrigated barley, melons and onions (with 33193, 1477 and 43126 ha) were planted into a pattern. Also tomato cultivation increased 93 hectares. Conclusion: The results showed social benefits and gross margin in this model relative to current model increased 1627170000000 and 1482915224150 IR. Rials respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - The Possibility of Using E-Learning Based on Two Factors: Environmental Awareness and Interest in High School Students of Tehran
Zahra Zahedi Seyed Mohamad Shobeiri Davoud karimzadgan Mehran Frajolahi Mahdi Ehsan ZadehPahlavanIntroduction: E-learning has become one of the most convenient ways of learning. On the other hand, environmental issues are of the most important subjects that must be taught to students. This study examined the possibility of using e-learning based on two factors: env MoreIntroduction: E-learning has become one of the most convenient ways of learning. On the other hand, environmental issues are of the most important subjects that must be taught to students. This study examined the possibility of using e-learning based on two factors: environmental awareness and interest in high school students of Tehran. Material and Methods: The population of research consists all of the students of Tehran’s high schools during 2009-2010 educational years. As there are 19 educational zones in Tehran, 3 zones were selected by stratified- random sampling. Then in each zone one boy’s and one girl’s school was selected randomly. Six schools were selected with sample size of 382 students in total. Questionnaires’ design was based on the goal of the research. The questionnaire included household information and questions related to their interest in the use of e-learning and interest and environmental awareness in high school students of Tehran. Reliability of the questionaries’ examined by Cronbache`s alpha and result was 0.78 which indicate that reliable questionaries’ is designed. Result and Discussion: Results achieved by 99% of confidence level and it can be claimed that: 1- It is highly possible to use e-Learning for environmental subjects for high school students of Tehran. 2- Tehran’s high school student’s level of interest on environmental issues is moderate to high. 3- Tehran’s high school student’s level of awareness on environmental issues is low to moderate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Identifying the influential macro factors in the creation of non-performing loans by the method of theme analysis, the case study of Bank Mehr Eghtesad
SADEGH ANSARI Seyed Mohammad Hasheminejad Abdolreza TalanehNon-performing loans are a critical factor in assessing the profitability of banks and their influence on the financial system. This research tries to identify the influential macro factors in forming non-performing loans of Bank Mehr Eghtesad branches in the country. T MoreNon-performing loans are a critical factor in assessing the profitability of banks and their influence on the financial system. This research tries to identify the influential macro factors in forming non-performing loans of Bank Mehr Eghtesad branches in the country. This research is qualitative and exploratory based on the type and nature of the data. Therefore, it benefits from the theme analysis method. An interview protocol is used to collect data. Also, in terms of the purpose, it is considered among applied and developmental research. The research population includes 20 persons who are the managers and deputy managers of Bank Mehr Eghtesad branches in the provinces and experts of accounting, economics, financial management, and banking. The participants' method in the interview is an exploratory focus group; the purposeful snowball sampling method is used to define the target groups of informants according to the research topic, problem, and situation. They participated in this study From May to August 2022. The data from the interviews has been analyzed with the help of MAXQDA software to analyze the theme during the three main stages of open, central, and selective coding. The results indicate that in cretating non-performing loans the three significant macro factors of the lack of transparency of administrative laws; inflation rate and profit; the pressures of banking interest groups have had a significant impact compared to other factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Analysis feasibility study of establishing a local hedge fund in Iran
Seyyed hassan hosseini Ali Najafi Moghaddasm Yadollah NourifardThe main purpose of this study is to study one of the most important investment funds, the Hedge fund, which has attracted the attention of investors (especially real investors) and scientific circles over the last few decades. This study tries to conduct a comprehensiv MoreThe main purpose of this study is to study one of the most important investment funds, the Hedge fund, which has attracted the attention of investors (especially real investors) and scientific circles over the last few decades. This study tries to conduct a comprehensive study on these funds and to obtain a comprehensive knowledge about them, functions, interests and disadvantages of investment. The aim of this research is to study the feasibility of establishing this fund in Iran with a view to the main needs of investors, tools required and legal requirements and to test the feasibility of launching the fund in Iran with the data obtained from feasibility and feasibility study using opinion survey of experts.The results of data analysis show that based on the opinion of experts and the establishment of new financial instruments in the Iranian capital market, including private investment funds (Private equity fund and short sale), it is possible to establish a hedging fund in the country.Keywords: Hedge Fund, Hedging Strategies, Fixed Income Arbitrage, Currency Risk, Interest Rate Risk Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - The Effect of Economic Uncertainty on Earnings Response Coefficient using two-factor Fama-McBeth Model
Babak Salem Dezfouly Allah Karam Salehi Alireza Jorjorzadeh Saeed NasiriThe aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Economic Uncertainty on Earnings Response Coefficient of listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. These Four dimensions of Economic Uncertainty in our tests: GDP growth, Inflation rate, Exchange rate and Interest r MoreThe aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Economic Uncertainty on Earnings Response Coefficient of listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. These Four dimensions of Economic Uncertainty in our tests: GDP growth, Inflation rate, Exchange rate and Interest rate. Using ARCH and GARCH for this purpose one hypothesis developed and data on the 142 companies in Tehran Stock Exchange for the period of 1387 to 1396 were analyzed. The regression model using two-factor Fama and McBeth reviews has been tested.The results showed that the concentration of Economic Uncertainty (GDP growth, inflation rate, exchange rate and interest rate) has significant negative impact on Earnings Response Coefficient. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - A comparative study between the effectiveness of ARIMA and ARFIMA models in predicting the interest rate and the treasury exchange rate in Iran
mohadeseh razaghi hashem nikomaram Alireza Heidarzadeh Hanzaei farhad ghaffari Mahdi Madanchi ZajDue to the importance of predicting economic variables, different models have been created to predict the future values of variables. In fact, economic models can be tested by checking the level of forecasting accuracy. The main purpose of this study is prediction of Ir MoreDue to the importance of predicting economic variables, different models have been created to predict the future values of variables. In fact, economic models can be tested by checking the level of forecasting accuracy. The main purpose of this study is prediction of Iran interbank offered rate and Iran treasury exchange rate as interest rates indicators for facilitating interest rate risk management. Two econometric models including ARFIMA and ARIMA have been used for forecasting. Thus, the ARFIMA model considering long-term memory and the ARIMA model without considering long-term memory have been considered. The evaluation of the prediction accuracy of the two models using the monthly Iran interbank offered rates data and also the monthly Iran treasury exchange rates data shows that both the interbank offered rates data and the Islamic treasury bond rates data, ARIMA model has a better performance compared to ARFIMA model in predicting data. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Requierements for Determining Technical Interest Rate in Iranian Life insurance Industry
Aziz Ahmadzadeh Mojtaba AbedThus, the analysis of the roots of technical interest rates, types of models for determining technical interest rates and identification of variables that should be considered in determining it and how and quality of monitoring it, has been done using the documentary me MoreThus, the analysis of the roots of technical interest rates, types of models for determining technical interest rates and identification of variables that should be considered in determining it and how and quality of monitoring it, has been done using the documentary method to the governing frameworks. Then, based on the results, a questionnaire was designed to confirm and complete the framework and sent to relevant experts. The results of the study show that based on the reviewed studies, the use of time series models is the main method of determining the technical interest rate in insurance companies, but in some cases, structural models have also been used.But in Iran, the use of time series models for determination of technical interest rates are not mentioned by experts and the majority of experts support structural models that taking into account the economic variables including inflation, interest rates, exchange rates and gold respectively (in order of importance) to determine technical interest rates. In the field of supervision, although there are different patterns, but the use of interest rates on long-term bonds with the highest credit rating, has been the common denominator of all countries to determine the maximum technical interest rate. It seems that the high weighting of experts on the variables of inflation, exchange rate and gold in Iran is due to the sharp fluctuations in the value of the national currency, which is the outstanding difference between Iran and other countries under study. Finally, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - The Effects of Governmental Monetary Policy Changes on Investment in Islamic Countries
Reza Islami Ghodratallah Talebnia Hamid Reza Vakilifard Nemat Alah MousaviInvestment is counted as motivate of economic growth and development and is the fundamental economic purpose in every country. Recognition of effects of monetary and financial policy on economic activities needed to cognition of these policies and there instruments. The MoreInvestment is counted as motivate of economic growth and development and is the fundamental economic purpose in every country. Recognition of effects of monetary and financial policy on economic activities needed to cognition of these policies and there instruments. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of changes in monetary policy of governments on investment, selected from Islamic countries using the method of econometric estimation of panel data over the period 2015-2000. The results of this study indicate that interest rates on government bonds have a negative and significant effect and banking credit has positively and significantly effect on investment in Islamic countries, while deposit interest rate has no significant effect on investment. Based on the results, economic growth and trade significantly increased investment. Therefore, according to the research results of Islamic countries, with the growth of economic growth and the volume of trade, including exports and imports, especially the import of capital goods and intermediaries, they can have a direct impact on investment. Therefore interest rate and deposit interest rate can not be suitable monetary policy instruments in Islamic countries. While banking credit can significantly affects investment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Asset Securitization in leasing industry
Fraydoon Rahnamay Roodposhti Mahdiyar Sarshar S. Mohammadjavad MirtaherLeasing companies play an important role in meeting the needs of firms and households. These companies can resolve liquidity problem of their customers by providing their various products. But despite these advantages, leasing industry is relatively young and less devel MoreLeasing companies play an important role in meeting the needs of firms and households. These companies can resolve liquidity problem of their customers by providing their various products. But despite these advantages, leasing industry is relatively young and less developed in Iran. One of the major problems in the path of growth and development of leasing companies is Failure in providing reliable and stable financial resources at different periods of time. From the past, difficulties in financing leasing companies are a key issue in the industry that occupied the minds of managers. The performance of leasing industry in Iran shows that leasing industry at different periods of boom and recession has failed to show the same performance and stability. One of the key causes in the process of stable financing is existing shortcomings. Hence, it is vital to using modern methods, diversified and stable financing in leasing companies in Iran within the interest-free banking system. One of the most effective methods to finance leasing companies in Iran is securitization of assets. It can be said that balance sheet assets of leasing companies which have the ability to transform into securities include assets resulting from installment sale and lease-purchase .This study tries to design and offer asset securitization process in Iran and leasing companies within the interest-free banking and finds proper response to the problems raised in the area of financing leasing companies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - The effect of maturity date, trade volume and open interests on gold coin future price volatility
Reza Raei Azam Honardoost Yunes Salmani Peyman TataeiIn this research, the effect of maturity, trade volume and open interests on gold coin future price volatility in Iran commodity market have been studied since Dey 1387 to Shahrivar 1391.For doing that we can utilize two approach. In first approach, by considering 27 co MoreIn this research, the effect of maturity, trade volume and open interests on gold coin future price volatility in Iran commodity market have been studied since Dey 1387 to Shahrivar 1391.For doing that we can utilize two approach. In first approach, by considering 27 contracts separately, we perceived that the effect of trade volume is meaningful and positive. As we expected, the effect of maturity and open interests are negative, but it’s not meaningful. In second approach, by using time series observation during sample period, the effect of trade volume and open interests on future price volatility have been studied. As a result, we find that the effect of trade volume and open interests on future price volatility is positive and negative respectively. Both of these effects are meaningful, but,the former is substantially more than the latter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Economic Analysis of the Possibility of a Tax on Bank Deposits
Alireza Erfani Hamidreza Kordlouie Smaeil ShamsiyanIn recent years, the debate over taxes on deposits or it’s profits, each time has been seriously attacked by the newspapers and news agencies. These criticisms and objections, although do not support with the scientific and practical evidences, but official author MoreIn recent years, the debate over taxes on deposits or it’s profits, each time has been seriously attacked by the newspapers and news agencies. These criticisms and objections, although do not support with the scientific and practical evidences, but official authorities always and quickly deny it. They believe that negative real interest rates on bank deposits in recent years and negative effect of tax on those rates is cause of evasion and movement of funds from the banking system to non-productive markets. This research is based on theoretical analysis; First it informs taxation’s proofs with logical evidences, Then surveys proofs of critics and rejects them. In this paper, We will prove the necessity of being accessible and easier tax on deposits, then we will deny capital and deposits flighting of the banking system. In this research, money is like blood in the body and financial system specially banks is a blood’s circular system and capitals get banks off when money destroy, hoard or go abroad. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Economic Analysis of the Possibility of a Tax on Bank Deposits
Khosro Faghani Makarani keramat olah Heydari Rostami Vahid AminIn recent years, the debate over taxes on deposits or it’s profits, each time has been seriously attacked by the newspapers and news agencies. These criticisms and objections, although do not support with the scientific and practical evidences, but official author MoreIn recent years, the debate over taxes on deposits or it’s profits, each time has been seriously attacked by the newspapers and news agencies. These criticisms and objections, although do not support with the scientific and practical evidences, but official authorities always and quickly deny it. They believe that negative real interest rates on bank deposits in recent years and negative effect of tax on those rates is cause of evasion and movement of funds from the banking system to non-productive markets. This research is based on theoretical analysis; First it informs taxation’s proofs with logical evidences, Then surveys proofs of critics and rejects them. In this paper, We will prove the necessity of being accessible and easier tax on deposits, then we will deny capital and deposits flighting of the banking system. In this research, money is like blood in the body and financial system specially banks is a blood’s circular system and capitals get banks off when money destroy, hoard or go abroad. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - The effect of green attitude on creative green behavior and interest in the environment with the mediating role of green entrepreneurial orientation in the tourism industry of Mazandaran province
hosein rahimi kelor iman ghasemi hamedaniBackground and Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of green attitude on creative green behavior and interest in the environment by considering the mediating role of green entrepreneurial orientation in the tourism industry. Material and Metho MoreBackground and Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of green attitude on creative green behavior and interest in the environment by considering the mediating role of green entrepreneurial orientation in the tourism industry. Material and Methodology: This study is an applied goal in terms of implementation method in the form of a descriptive-survey research with a cross-sectional approach. The statistical population of the study is all employees of tourism companies in Mazandaran province, of which a sample of 384 people has been selected using the Cochran's formula. In this study, to collect information to test the hypotheses, a researcher-made questionnaire adapted from Lou (2021) study, including 6 dimensions and 32 questions, was used, which was compiled based on a five-point Likert scale. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using the content validity method. To evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was more than 0.7, which indicates that the questionnaire has good reliability. Findings: The findings of the research hypotheses test showed that green attitude has a positive and significant effect on green entrepreneurial orientation and green creative behavior; Green entrepreneurial orientation has a positive and significant effect on environmental interest and green creative behavior. In addition, it was found that green entrepreneurial orientation, the relationship between green attitude and green creative behavior; And environmental interest mediates the relationship between green entrepreneurial orientation and green creative behavior. Disscusion and Conclusion: The results obtained in this research indicate the importance and influence of the organization's green attitude and orientation in the employees' green creative behaviors. In this research, theories of planned behavior and complementary sources have been used to create a new conceptual framework. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Poetic Intrest by Tragedy Style in the poetry of Yahya Samavi and Mohammad Mehdi Javaheri
Mohammad EtemadiThere is no doubt that Iraq has experienced ups and downs in contemporary times, since 2003, when it was invaded and occupied by the United States and its allies, Saddam's tyrannical regime ended, and the Iraqi people, after years of sanctions, oppression, and misery en MoreThere is no doubt that Iraq has experienced ups and downs in contemporary times, since 2003, when it was invaded and occupied by the United States and its allies, Saddam's tyrannical regime ended, and the Iraqi people, after years of sanctions, oppression, and misery entered a new era which manifested in the occupation of new American colonialism. Iraqi poets listened to the voices of the oppressed people and expressed different reactions to resistance and stability. Yahya Samawi is one of the Iraqi poets who have been able to play a positive role in the awakening of the Iraqi people and politicians from neglect and laziness towards the occupier and its plunder. In various poems, Yahya Samawi created poetic challenges and interests, which were supported by both Americans and some traitorous and utilitarian politicians. The poet has been able to present the sufferings and misfortunes of his country as a painful tragedy in a certain style. But the poetic interest of Jawaheri, which is almost half a century older than Samavi, was quite different in style and design, although they shared a common purpose. Interests of Jawaheri's interests are the twentieth century, but Samavi's poetry is unique to his time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Quranic fundamentals and legitimacy regulations of governmental agencies controlling the privacy
mino khaki sayed mostafa mohaqeq damad mahdi dargheyThis resaerch peformed with a descriptive- analytical approach aimed at studying the level, necessity and limits of legitimacy for protecting system, national and public interests as well as their contention and interaction with the individuals’ privacy. The impor MoreThis resaerch peformed with a descriptive- analytical approach aimed at studying the level, necessity and limits of legitimacy for protecting system, national and public interests as well as their contention and interaction with the individuals’ privacy. The importance of the research problem is that the individuals in the society and as a collective life are of different rights including personal and social ones where, in practice, those rights partly are in contention with other’s right and public interests. Hence, to establish the social order, it is required to refer to inclusive rules, which respects, from one hand, the personal rights and freedoms as privacy and protects, from the other hand, the social rights or public interest. Consequently, considering the jurisprudential resources as well as referring to the legal fundamentals and statutes based on the public wisdom, it can be stated that the rules legislated for the purpose of protecting the system and public interests have been established generally and in fact for protecting the privacy and peace of individuals though at times interfering and in contention with protecting the individuals’ privacy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Criticizing the exceptions for usury
Mohammad Ali SafaUsury is an economical destructive phenomenon in the society since the beginning of Islam and has been taken into consideration and also prohibited by the legislator. We can understand the depth of its corruption and the legislator's disgust by considering his sermon, e MoreUsury is an economical destructive phenomenon in the society since the beginning of Islam and has been taken into consideration and also prohibited by the legislator. We can understand the depth of its corruption and the legislator's disgust by considering his sermon, especially regarding the fact that we believe all religious percepts in Islam are dependent on their interests and corruptions. Despite the emphasis of Islam on giving regard to this phenomenon, most jurists have considered some exceptions for it. They have offered some proofs to demonstrate the exceptions .But it seems that these proofs are not enough to demonstrate them. This article criticizes the jurists' proofs about the lawfulness of the exceptions for usury. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Jurisprudential Principles and Legal References of Public Interest’s Precedence over Property Rights by Focusing on Qur'an
Davoud Qasemi Qumars KamariThe philosophy of the state and government agencies is to provide public service, and there may be a conflict between the public interest and property rights in this regard. In such circumstances, priority is given to the public interest and appropriation, as one of the MoreThe philosophy of the state and government agencies is to provide public service, and there may be a conflict between the public interest and property rights in this regard. In such circumstances, priority is given to the public interest and appropriation, as one of the examples of administrative actions of the government, is based on the theory of public service; because appropriation is realized in case of eliminating the conflict between collective interests and individual interests and due to public service and preferential rules. Administrative rights in ownership are also supported by the same service. But the main question that is raised and examined in the present article is what are the jurisprudential principles and legal references of the priority of public interest over property rights? This article is a descriptive – analytical study and surveys the abovementioned question using the library method. The results show that the priority of public interest over private property based on public interest is accepted in jurisprudence and rules such as the rule of guardianship over abstinence, the rule of “no harm” and “Anfal” are the most important rules and principles of jurisprudence that affect the priority of public interest over property rights in the Iranian legal system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - thr role of interest in Faryqeyn
mojtaba mohamadi سید محمد شفیعی مازندرانیEach issue without regard for the interests and corruption is something aborting., has complications that sometimes differences of opinion among scholars on the concept and its various manifestations arise.Interest, dedicated to Islamic jurisprudence, is also an importa MoreEach issue without regard for the interests and corruption is something aborting., has complications that sometimes differences of opinion among scholars on the concept and its various manifestations arise.Interest, dedicated to Islamic jurisprudence, is also an important element in Western schools, and even infrastructure is efficient. In Islamic thought, word comes of interest in two independent domains, the field of theology (such as whether to issue rulings based on the best interests first?) And Fiqh (such as whether it can be inferred interest in Shari'a law be used ?). In this study, we have tried, in the interest of Shiite jurisprudence and Sunni areas of the collection.We hope that by explaining these cases, a step toward clarifying some aspects of interest to be removed from the jurisprudential point of view.Keywords:Jurisprudence, interest, Jurisprudence, Jurisprudence Sunni mursala materialsaa aa aaa aa a aa aaa aaaa aa aa Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Privacy Land for Public Use in Shiite Jurisprudence and Iranian Law
Cobra Abbasi Moqadam Cobra Abbasi MoqadamPrivate and individual rights is more limited by public rights with development of societies and goverments empowerment, and since the prerequisite of social life is granting some rights to the governer of the society including right of personal ownership to all people MorePrivate and individual rights is more limited by public rights with development of societies and goverments empowerment, and since the prerequisite of social life is granting some rights to the governer of the society including right of personal ownership to all people benefit from social and public welfare. These relationships must come to order via legal rules and regulations. According to royal rule, the owner has the occupancy right of any kind in his properties, because ownership is an undeniable right which is the focus of different legal systems and then have changed a lot and its current concept is affected by those changes. On the other hand, this domination must not lead to loss and harm to other people.that is, nobody has the right of causing a loss to others. This prohibitions and limitations include either rightful or legal etentits; as a result, the government can not neglect people ownership rights. Eventually, in the conflict between public good and prvaite intrests, public good comes first because of belonging to people of thesociety and the connection to public intrests. Nationalize, confiscate and purchasing estate are most common and important methods of dispossesion by public institutions which have many diffrences in scope, motivation, purpose, and the method of dispossession, yet their basis is providing public good and intrests. In order to fulfill this important matter. To examplify this controvention, we can mention lands and especially about public applications. of course with enacting propper ruls, accurate planning, lawful strategies, public order. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Determining the Lease property Surplus of the Second Lease in Islamic Jurisprudence
Seyed Masih Hosseiny Ahmad MoradkhaniAccording to Article 466 of the Penal Code, a lease is a contract under which the lessee owns the benefits of the same lessee and also Article 474 of the Penal Code stipulates: the lessee can lease the same lessee, unless stipulated in the lease contract otherwise. Howe MoreAccording to Article 466 of the Penal Code, a lease is a contract under which the lessee owns the benefits of the same lessee and also Article 474 of the Penal Code stipulates: the lessee can lease the same lessee, unless stipulated in the lease contract otherwise. However, Article 10 of the Law on Owners and Tenants states "The lessee may not transfer the lease interest in whole or in part to nontransferable property unless it has been authorized in writing. Although there has been extensive discussion in legal books of these cases, the surplus of rent has not been discussed for the same tenant (in whole or in part) in the second lease contract, or sometimes less discussed, therefore in this study, according to jurisprudential sources and Imami (Shiite) narration, has been considered the statements of the jurists of the past and the latter. The findings show that some of the Fatwas of contemporary referred separately to land and non- land Shiite jurisprudential authorities who are detailed on surplus rent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - A Jurisprudential Study on Guaranteed Interests in Bank Deposits
Haydeh Darvishi Esmat al-Sadat Tabatabaei Lotfi Sayyed Muhammad Shafiei mazandaraniIn order to attract public capital, banks have set guaranteed earnings and have tied the overpayment to the bank's economic efficiency. From a jurisprudential point of view, receiving interest on depositing money without any risk is considered usury, which is a religiou MoreIn order to attract public capital, banks have set guaranteed earnings and have tied the overpayment to the bank's economic efficiency. From a jurisprudential point of view, receiving interest on depositing money without any risk is considered usury, which is a religious prohibition. Jurisprudents have allowed receiving profits provided that a contract is made such as representation in investment, mudarabah, sale, etc. In this study, two categories of pricing and bank-deposit insurance are discussed, according to which the determination and guarantee of in-part-payment profits has a religious justification. Considering the acceptance of insurance in the form of Islamic contracts by most of the jurisprudents, bank deposit insurance that guarantees the principle in-part-payment interest is permissible. Also, the government's involvement in pricing has been approved, if necessary, with a view to providing social benefits. Therefore, given the current state of society, the government has the right to set the in-part-payment interest rates and according to the two categories considered, the in-part-payment interest has a legal justification. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - An Investigation of the Relationship between the BRICS and Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Arezoo Kheradmandan Bahram Yousefi Roohollah Shahabi Shiva JalalpoorThe purpose of the present study is to explain the relationship between the BRICS members and the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research relies on the hypothesis that the relation between BRICS and the Islamic Republic of Iran is defined within the framework of foreign MoreThe purpose of the present study is to explain the relationship between the BRICS members and the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research relies on the hypothesis that the relation between BRICS and the Islamic Republic of Iran is defined within the framework of foreign relations between Iran and the BRICS nations. The method of study is descriptive analysis and the results show that although the BRICS is against the U.S unilateralism, it does not seem to have sufficient resources or be able to moderate the effects of U.S sanctions against Iran as much as it is expected. Among the BRICS states, Russia indirectly benefits from the U.S sanctions against Iran as Iran’s failure to produce more natural gas as well as its financial and technological failures to complete energy projects in near future would lead to a regional and global market in favor of Russia and to the detriment of Iran. On the other hand, the BRICS members have long-term plans to prevent the U.S unilateralism while they have not cut their political-economic relations with the U.S and have not challenged the structure of the international system. According to the approach of constructivism, the leaders ought to observe the norms of international structure in order to gain more benefit for their country as the constructivists hold that the countries’ foreign policy and their close relations in the international level take a serious form in terms of their common approaches. It is evident that the BRICS members take this fact into account and thereby they would not get into an ideological fight with the U.S in the international arena. Therefore, the relations with the BRICS countries would have no extreme and ideal effect on the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - An Analysis and Assessment of Turkey’s Foreign Policy in Iraq and Its Impact on National Interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran (2010-2023)
Sami Rasool Maktouf al-Rekabi Mohammad Torabi Mohammad Hassan Ali Mohammad Bashir EsmaeiliThe purpose of the present research is to study Turkey’s foreign policy in front of Iraq and its impact on national interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this regard, the theory of neorealism along with a descriptive-analytic method was used. The results showed MoreThe purpose of the present research is to study Turkey’s foreign policy in front of Iraq and its impact on national interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this regard, the theory of neorealism along with a descriptive-analytic method was used. The results showed that Turkey’s foreign policy in Iraq is based on increasing penetration, acquiring better position, and maintaining power balance with Iran which, on the one hand, has common interests for both countries, and on the other hand, involves contradictory interests. At for positive points and collaboration, this subject is rooted in the geography of 3 countries and is a function of regional environment, terrorism, and Kurds’ issue while with respect to competition, it is due to the expansion of the penetration of 2 countries in Iraq. Iran supports the policy of sustaining the status quo whereas Turkey seeks changing the current situation. Iran considers itself as an ally of Iraq while Turkey pursues hegemony and regional leadership. On the other hand, in the economic field, Turkey aims to acquire the highest share of trade and take control of energy transmission from Iraq to Europe. Therefore, it can be said that Turkey mostly uses means of soft power for its hard purposes while Iran uses components of hard power for its soft purposes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Discriminant Analysis of the Economic Development of the Economic Emerging Powers (BRICS) Based on Rostow’s Theory
Milad Mansoori Mohammad Torabi Masha'Allah HeydarpourThe purpose of the present study is to recognize and analyze the discriminant aspects and effective and facilitative main components in the economic development of the emerging powers (BRICS) based on Rostow’s theory. The main research question is: To what extent MoreThe purpose of the present study is to recognize and analyze the discriminant aspects and effective and facilitative main components in the economic development of the emerging powers (BRICS) based on Rostow’s theory. The main research question is: To what extent does the development strategy of the economic emerging powers (BRICS) rely on the approaches and procedures in Rostow’s theory of economic growth? The research method is descriptive-analytic and it has also made use of Rostow’s theoretical approach of growth. The results showed that apart from some minor similarities between BRICS’ development and Rostow’s model of growth, other aspects such as systematic changes, unitary level variation, global powers’ approach, necessity of rational decision making, common threatening sources, common and accumulative power sources, economic and political interests, and indigenization of the existing national and international potentials are among the effective components and discriminant aspects of BRICS’ development compared to western models. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Investigation of some Difficult Lines by Famous Poets
Mir-Esmaei Qazi Shirazi -
Open Access Article
60 - Sociology-spatial analysis of the culture model in the city (Case study of Arak)
Mehdi Mobaraki باقر ساروخانی منصور وثوقیIn this article, the city is considered as a communication and social organization for the production of culture in a sociology-spatial context. In the analysis of this organization (production, distribution and consumption), the culture of cultural consumption is exami MoreIn this article, the city is considered as a communication and social organization for the production of culture in a sociology-spatial context. In the analysis of this organization (production, distribution and consumption), the culture of cultural consumption is examined Issues such as urban development measures include policy-making, planning and implementation in the allocation and distribution of cultural facilities in order to understand the pattern of cultural justice in the city. In this article, the city is considered as a communication and social organization for the production of culture in a sociology-spatial context. In the analysis of this organization (production, distribution and consumption), in order to understand the pattern of cultural justice, cultural consumption is examined. Issues such as urban development measures include policy-making, planning and implementation in the allocation and distribution of cultural facilities in order to understand the pattern of cultural justice in the city. The method of this study was a combination that in the quantitative part, data collection was done with a questionnaire and sampling method appropriate to the volume. In the quantitative part, information related to physical studies was performed with secondary analysis and then location. According to the results, the spatial distribution of culture in Arak is inefficient and unequal and faces serious shortcomings in the urban planning system in Arak in the regions and among residents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Sociological study of the performance of political elites and its effect on the level of political participation of educators (case study: Ardabil province)
sarhad madani روزا کرم پور زهرا قاسمیAbstract influential strata in the process of political participation and consequently effective in the all-round development of the society, therefore, knowing their preferences, orientations and satisfaction with the performance of political elites is of great importa MoreAbstract influential strata in the process of political participation and consequently effective in the all-round development of the society, therefore, knowing their preferences, orientations and satisfaction with the performance of political elites is of great importance. Is. In this research, a survey method was used, SPSS software was used for data analysis, Cronbach's alpha test was used for the reliability of the questionnaire, and face validity was used for its validity. The normality of the data of the research variables was confirmed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The statistical population is 16,300 people of Ardabil province and the size of the statistical sample was estimated to be 380 people according to Cochran's formula. In this research, simple and stratified random sampling methods were used. The theoretical framework of the research was adapted from the theories of Huntington, Nelson and Lipsett. Research hypotheses were measured using Pearson's test, and linear regression analysis and path analysis were used using spss software to measure the empirical model of the research. Based on the results obtained, there is a significant relationship between the variables of transparency of officials' performance, accountability of officials, priority of national interests, fight against corruption, political trust, actions of rulers to improve social services and actions of political elites for political development with political participation of educators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Sociological study of the performance of political elites and its effect on the level of political participation of educators (case study: Ardabil province)
Sarhad Madani Roza Rosa Karampour zahra GhasemiPolitical participation is a purposeful action to influence the decisions and actions of political elites in the administration of society, which is done by the people. Due to the fact that educators are one of the most influential groups in the process of political par MorePolitical participation is a purposeful action to influence the decisions and actions of political elites in the administration of society, which is done by the people. Due to the fact that educators are one of the most influential groups in the process of political participation and consequently effective in the all-round development of the society, therefore, it is very important to know their attitudes, orientations and satisfaction with the performance of political elites. The purpose of this research is to sociologically study the level of political participation of educators, investigate the performance of the ruling political elite and analyze the variables that have been effective on the level of political participation of educators in Ardabil province. The statistical population of the research is 16,300 people of Ardabil Province and its sample size was estimated to be 380 people according to Cochran's formula. In this research, simple and stratified random sampling methods were used. The theoretical framework of the research was adapted from the theories of Huntington, Nelson and Lipsett. Cronbach's alpha test was used for the reliability of the questionnaire and face validity was used for its validity. The current research was conducted using a survey method and its hypotheses were tested using the Pearson correlation coefficient test and to analyze the information and predict the dependent variable from the independent variables of linear regression and to measure the relationships of the variables in a causal model of the method. Statistics based on multivariate regression analysis or path analysis using spss software was used. The results of the research showed that the political participation of the studied educators is at a low level, so that 61.20 percent of the respondents have low political participation. between the variables of transparency of officials' performance (r=0.71) with (sig=0.000), accountability of officials (r=0.65) with (sig=0.000), preference of national interests over individual interests by officials )r=0.64) with (sig=0.000), rulers' fight against corruption (r=0.58) with (sig=0.000), political trust of educators (r=0.53) with (sig =0.000), actions of rulers to improve social services (r = 0.56) with (sig = 0.000) and actions of political elites for political development (r = 0.59) with (sig = 0.000) There is a significant relationship between the political participation of educators and the adjusted coefficient of determination) (can explain 37% of the variance of the political participation of educators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Socio-spatial analysis of the objectified model of culture in the city (Case of study the five regions of Arak)
Mehdi Mobaraki Bagher Saroukhani Mansoor VosooghiIn this article, the city is considered as a communication and social organization for the production of culture in a socio-spatial context. In the analysis of this organization (production, distribution and consumption), the culture of cultural consumption is examined MoreIn this article, the city is considered as a communication and social organization for the production of culture in a socio-spatial context. In the analysis of this organization (production, distribution and consumption), the culture of cultural consumption is examined Issues such as urban development measures include policy-making, planning and implementation in the allocation and distribution of cultural facilities in order to understand the pattern of cultural justice in the city. In this article, the city is considered as a communication and social organization for the production of culture in a socio-spatial context. In the analysis of this organization (production, distribution and consumption), in order to understand the pattern of cultural justice, cultural consumption is examined. Issues such as urban development measures include policy-making, planning and implementation in the allocation and distribution of cultural facilities in order to understand the pattern of cultural justice in the city. The method of this study was a combination that in the quantitative part, data collection was done with a questionnaire and sampling method appropriate to the volume. In the quantitative part, information related to physical studies was performed with secondary analysis and then location. According to the results, the spatial distribution of culture in Arak is inefficient and unequal and faces serious shortcomings in the urban planning system in Arak in the regions and among residents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - The effect of violent animations on children's aggression with the mediation of family role
Somayeh Bahmani Leila Niroomand Somayeh Tajik EsmaeiliAccording to available statistics, television violence is increasing every day. Since the media has gained a lot of influence in Iran in the last decade, its impact on children in particular can be examined. Accordingly, the present study aims to investigate the relatio MoreAccording to available statistics, television violence is increasing every day. Since the media has gained a lot of influence in Iran in the last decade, its impact on children in particular can be examined. Accordingly, the present study aims to investigate the relationship between watching violent animations of Nahal Network with children's aggression mediated by family role. Accordingly, based on the survey method and using a researcher-made questionnaire, we sought to achieve the objectives of the research. The statistical population of the study is 4230 children aged 6 to 9 years in Ghiamdasht city in Tehran province. 354 students were selected using Cochran's formula. Based on the cluster sampling method, first 6 schools were selected and then a questionnaire was distributed to the number of selected samples among their parents. The results were analyzed using SPSS and LISREL software and based on this, factor analysis and structural equation analysis were used to measure items and hypotheses. The results were analyzed using SPSS and LISREL software and based on this, factor analysis and structural equation analysis were used to measure items and hypotheses. The results show that with increasing the rate of watching animation, the tendency of verbal aggression and internal hostility increases among children aged 6 to 9 in Ghiamdasht. But watching animation has no effect on children's physical aggression. The findings also show that with increasing interest in watching animation, the tendency to physical aggression, verbal aggression and internal hostility increases among children aged 6 to 9 in the city of Ghiamdasht. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Comparison the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and cognitive- behavior therapy on Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder, Sexual Intimacy and Sexual Self- Concept of Women
Maryam Mohagheghian Mohammad Bagher Kajbaf Alireza MaredpourThe purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive behavior therapy on female sexual interest/arousal disorder, sexual intimacy and sexual self- concept of married women referring to counseling centers in Isfa MoreThe purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive behavior therapy on female sexual interest/arousal disorder, sexual intimacy and sexual self- concept of married women referring to counseling centers in Isfahan city. This was a quasi-experimental design with pretest, posttest, three months follow up and control group. The population included married women with sexual interest arousal problems who responded to calls from counseling centers. 45 Samples were selected with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-fifth edition criteria and female sexual function questionnaire scores. Subjects were randomly assigned in two experimental groups and control group. The experimental groups received 8 sessions 90 minutes weekly intervention. The instruments used in this study included Rosen Female Sexual Function Questionnaire, Botlani Sexual Intimacy Questionnaire and Snell Sexual Self- Concept Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by analysis of covariance with repeated measures. The results showed that both treatment approaches had a significant effect on all three variables. (P>0.05). And there was no significant difference between the two treatment approaches. Thus, both therapeutic interventions can be used to improve sexual desire / arousal disorders and increase sexual intimacy and sexual self-concept. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Prediction of regulation of learning based on academic self-efficacy & study interest with mediation of information processing strategies
sara ebrahimiAbstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of motivational constructs(academic self-efficacy & study interest) and information processing strategies in regulation of learning (self-regulated learning and external regulation). The data were obtain MoreAbstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of motivational constructs(academic self-efficacy & study interest) and information processing strategies in regulation of learning (self-regulated learning and external regulation). The data were obtained from eleventh-grade students (138 female and 126 male) in Noor city. The sample was selected based on a multistage cluster random sampling. Our questionnaires in this study consisted of regulation of learning subscale from Inventory of Learning Styles (Vermunt, 1998), Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (Mccllory & Bunting, 2002), Study Interest Questionnaire (Schefele’s et al, 1993) and learning strategies from Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (Pintrich & Degroot, 1994). The structural equations model has been used for data analysis. The results indicated that academic self-efficacy and study interest have significant effects on the deep and surface information processing strategies and information processing strategies have significant effects on regulation of learning. In result academic self-efficacy and study interest predict significantly regulation learning by mediating of effects on the information processing strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Investigating the Relationship between the Facility Interest Rate and the Bank Deposit Interest Rate in Iran
Zahra Haerinasab Kiomars Sohaili Shahram Fattahi -
Open Access Article
68 - Application of Mathematics in Financial Management
Sanjay Tripathi -
Open Access Article
69 - The Relationship Between the Facility Interest Rate and Three Main Variable of the Money Market In Iran (1986-2017)
Zahra Haerinasab Kiomars Sohaili Shahram Fattahi -
Open Access Article
70 - Determining the interest rate on deposits in the Iranian banking system: cooperative or competitive game between the central bank and followers?
Mehdi Memarpour Ashkan Hafezalkotob Mohammad Khalilzadeh Abbas Saghaei Roya Soltani -
Open Access Article
71 - Recognition and ranking the effective factors on audit quality via the TOPSIS technique
Saeed Anvarkhatibi Rasoul Baradaran Hassanzadeh aliasghar mottaghi Hoshang TaghizadehAudit quality is one of the most important issues in the field of auditing and the capital market. Defining a framework for determining the quality of audit is important so the present study seeks to rank and compare the factors affecting audit quality from the perspect MoreAudit quality is one of the most important issues in the field of auditing and the capital market. Defining a framework for determining the quality of audit is important so the present study seeks to rank and compare the factors affecting audit quality from the perspective of different groups using a multi-attribute TOPSIS technique. In this research, first, 15 influencing factors were selected as quality indicators using library studies, and then these indicators were analyzed using TOPSIS multi-attribute technique by distributing questionnaires among four groups including: researchers and faculty members, audit institutes, chartered accountants, members of the audit committee, and financial managers of the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and they were rated and compared. From the view point of the of researchers and faculty members, auditing institutes, auditing committee members and chief financial managers, the most important effective factors on the audit quality are professional level of the auditor in the industry expertise, number of employed chartered public accountants and quality control score, respectively. The results of index comparison test indicates that from the view point of the four studied groups, there is a sensible difference between 15 abovementioned indicators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - An Uncertain Renewal Stock Model for Barrier Options Pricing with Floating Interest Rate
Behzad Abbasi Kazem NouriOption pricing is a main topic in contemporary financial theories, captivating the attention of numerous financial analysts and economists. Barrier option, classified as an exotic option, derives its value from the behavior of an underlying asset. The outcome of this o MoreOption pricing is a main topic in contemporary financial theories, captivating the attention of numerous financial analysts and economists. Barrier option, classified as an exotic option, derives its value from the behavior of an underlying asset. The outcome of this option is based on whether or not the price of the underlying asset has reached a predetermined barrier level. Over the years, the stock price has been represented through continuous stochastic processes, with the prominent one being the Brownian motion process. Correspondingly, the widely used Black-Scholes model has been employed. Nevertheless, it has become evident that utilizing stochastic differential equations to characterize the stock price process is unsuitable and leads to a perplexing paradox. As a result, many researchers have turned to incorporating fuzzy or uncertain environments in such situations. This study presents a methodology for pricing barrier options on stocks in an uncertain environment, in which the interarrival times are uncertain variables. The approach employs the Liu process and renewal uncertain process, considering the interest rate as dynamic and floating. The pricing formulas for knock-in barrier options are derived using α-paths of uncertain differential equations with jumps. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - The Role of Social Interest Rate Risk Management in the Relationship between Sustainability Performance and Investment Efficiency
Hamzeh Asgari Rashtiani Fazel Mohammadi Nodeh Sina Kheradyar Farzin Rezaei -
Open Access Article
74 - A New Method for Ranking the Discovered Rules Obtained from Data Mining Using Data Envelopment Analysis
Hossein AziziData mining techniques, i.e. extraction of patterns from large databases, are extensively used in business. Many rules may be obtained by these techniques and only a few of them may be considered for implementation due to the limitation of budgets and resources. Evaluat MoreData mining techniques, i.e. extraction of patterns from large databases, are extensively used in business. Many rules may be obtained by these techniques and only a few of them may be considered for implementation due to the limitation of budgets and resources. Evaluating and ranking attractiveness and usefulness of the association rules is of paramount importance in data mining. In the earlier studies carried out on identifying mentally interesting association rules, most methods required writing information or asking users for explicit differentiation of interesting rules from uninteresting ones. These methods involve detailed calculations and they may even lead to inconsistent conclusions. To solve these problems, this article proposes the application of the double frontiers Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Approach for selecting the most effective association rule. In this approach, in addition to the best relative efficiency of each association rule, its worst relative efficiency is considered. Comparing with the traditional DEA, double frontiers DEA Approach is capable of identifying the most efficient association rule correctly and easily. As an advantage, the proposed approach is more efficient than the earlier works in this concern, as far as calculations are concerned. Applicability of our DEA-based method for measuring the efficiency of association rules will be shown by multiple criteria using an example of market basket analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Study of Conflict between Ideological-Religious Positions of the Islamic Republic and National Interest
hosain jamaatiThe main issue discussed in the present research is study of conflict (tazahom) between Iranian society’s national interests and its ideologicalreligious position. Rationale of the present research is that one of the objections posed concerning the relation betwee MoreThe main issue discussed in the present research is study of conflict (tazahom) between Iranian society’s national interests and its ideologicalreligious position. Rationale of the present research is that one of the objections posed concerning the relation between “national interests” and “ideological-religious position” of Iran is conflict between the latter and former after victory of the Islamic Revolution and establishment of the Islamic Republic in the context of international political relations. The present study which is based on a descriptive-analytical methodology and uses library methodology to gather data, comes to the conclusion that: the Iranian society’s national interests are coherent and compatible with its ideologicalreligious position and identity; and, as a matter of fact, the Islamic identity of the Iran’s system and State constitutes and underlies the national interests. Furthermore, even if we accept conflict and inconsistency [of ideological-religious position] with some components of the national interests, it can be removed through implanting the rules of conflict in the practical approach of the jurists, i.e. the rule of possible and the rule of preferring the more important. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Determination of the Interest Rate of Facilities in Islamic Banking (Case Study Agricultural Bank)
Maids Amirpour Sorkhy Azam Rezaeyan Joibary -
Open Access Article
77 - Recognizing the Impact of Fluctuations in Foreign Exchange Rates and Interest Rates on the Index of Economic Freedom in Iran
marjan meymandi somayeh shokravi Akbar Bagheri -
Open Access Article
78 - License Plate Detection and Recognition based on Neural Networks in Complex Environments
.N. . Ameena Bibi Purru SupriyaNow a days due to the rapid advancement of economy around the world the count of vehicles increases day by day. Increase in the number of vehicles causes violation detection, road congestion, accidents at different traffic situations, uneven illumination, lighting and w MoreNow a days due to the rapid advancement of economy around the world the count of vehicles increases day by day. Increase in the number of vehicles causes violation detection, road congestion, accidents at different traffic situations, uneven illumination, lighting and weather conditions. To overcome this issue license plate number is recognized but due to variations in license plate layout, font size of characters, tilted number plates, weather conditions, dirt plate and motion blur license plate recognition becomes difficult. License plate recognition has two main tasks, one is to detect the license plate and the other is to identify the license plate characters. By using region of interest license plate is detected. For recognition first tilted images are corrected using affine transformation and to improve the quality of a low-resolution image super resolution CNN is employed and connected component analysis, horizontal and vertical projection profile area used for separating each individuals characters. Each individual character image is fed to the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for character extraction and for classification and the license plate is recognized using convolutional neural networks. The main aim of this paper is to recognize different plate layout with different conditions with minimum data set and less processing time with maximum efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - A study of the Inferiority Complex of the main character in the novel "the last game of Banou" based on the views of Alfred Adler.
Rouholah Khadivpour sara Zirak The works of Belgheis Soleimani (1963) expressing the difficulties of women is a solid ground for psychoanalytics. Thus in this research we have psychoanalytically provided a description of the female character "Golbanou" in the novel "the last game of Banou" And More The works of Belgheis Soleimani (1963) expressing the difficulties of women is a solid ground for psychoanalytics. Thus in this research we have psychoanalytically provided a description of the female character "Golbanou" in the novel "the last game of Banou" And we responded to the essential question "which factors have led to an inferiority complex in Golbanou's character?" Results of the study show that the initial conditions of upbringing of Golbanou, namely her being abused and punished, constitute the basis for the formation of one such complex, mainly characterized by her mother's hostility and unethical behavior besides a lack of support from her father. And ultimately Golbanou's failure in compensating for her feelings of inferiority lead to the inferiority complex. Among the most vital elements involved in construction of such character are poverty and the suppressive agressive system present in the patriarchal family. These elements ultimately breed her feelings of anger and unworthiness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Explaining the Methods of Aesthetic Education from the Viewpoint of Friedrich Hegel and its Educational Implications
fahime hajiani Jahanbakhsh Rahmani mohamadreza shamshiriThis research seeks to elaborate on Hegel's idealistic view of the aesthetic sense of translators in the education system by using Franken's inferential method and resource analysis, books, and numerous researches on Hegel's idealistic view. The findings of this study i MoreThis research seeks to elaborate on Hegel's idealistic view of the aesthetic sense of translators in the education system by using Franken's inferential method and resource analysis, books, and numerous researches on Hegel's idealistic view. The findings of this study indicate that Hegel considers mind cultivation as one of the aesthetic training methods. For Hegel, the human mind is not merely abstract and conceptual, because if it is abstract and conceptual it cannot think or become aware of its own thinking. The mind constructs itself in sensory activities and products such as alien or foreign art. Among the methods of imitation and creativity of art, Hegel rejects the method of imitation and praises the creativity of art. Hegel also considers modeling of nature one of the primary ways to create beautiful works of art. And the human mind has shown a tremendous amount of interest in the creation of artworks. The use of art and aesthetics to reinforce religious beliefs and spiritual affairs, as well as emotional evacuation, and to attain spiritual-psychological relaxation are also other ways of applying Hegel's aesthetic education to use. Is in the education system Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - foreign policy of Islamic republic of Iran visavis Nagorno-Karabakh crisis
Fazel Feizy nafiseh nematzadehDevelopments in the South Caucasus region have an impact on the national interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran due to the geographical proximity and ethnic, religious and cultural affinity that the people of this region have with Iran. In this regard, Iran adopted a MoreDevelopments in the South Caucasus region have an impact on the national interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran due to the geographical proximity and ethnic, religious and cultural affinity that the people of this region have with Iran. In this regard, Iran adopted a policy of active neutrality in order to play a role in the first Nagorno-Karabakh crisis. This is while during the second crisis, Iran spoke more openly about "Karabagh" belonging to Azerbaijan. This article examines the change of Iran's foreign policy strategy in the second Nagorno-Karabakh crisis and answers the question, "What factors caused the change in the foreign policy strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran regarding the second Nagorno-Karabakh crisis?" It seems that Iran's policy as an Islamic and Shia country and in the shadow of factors such as ethnicity and religion led to a change in Iran's foreign policy strategy in the second crisis in the form of emphasizing the territorial integrity of Azerbaijan while respecting the rights of ethnic minorities and the inviolability of international borders. The basis of descriptive-analytical methodology and library resources has been done. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Interpretation of the Concept of Public Interest, Accordance with the Thoughts of Who Advocate Constitutionalism with Emphasis on the Opinion of Sheikh Ismael Mahallti Gravy.
Nazanin Zahra Broghani Seyyed Mohammadreza Ahmadi Tabatabaei jalal dorakhshahThe concept of public expediency in the context of the history of Shia political thought and in different eras has been the focus of thinkers, including these jurists who have paid attention to the concept of expediency in the context of constitutional thought. The dist MoreThe concept of public expediency in the context of the history of Shia political thought and in different eras has been the focus of thinkers, including these jurists who have paid attention to the concept of expediency in the context of constitutional thought. The distinction between constitutionalism and monarchy knew that this important approach is at the threshold of the constitutionalism movement from the mothers of new political thought. The present study tries to show in what context Mahalati thought in the context of Mahalati's idea by using Skinner's interpretative approach while focusing on theept of public interest in the political thought of Mahalati? The hypothesis of his research states that the political thought of Mahalati is based on the defense of constitutionalism based on the observance of public interests, emphasizing on the constitutional government in accordance with rational arguments and the adaptation of religion in the age of occultation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Study on the Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran during the Period of Construction and Reforms (1368 to 1384) Based on the James Rosenau model.
mohammad sohrabiIn this article,an attempt has been made to analyze the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the two periods of construction and reforms based on the Rozenau model,in which the personality and role of decision makers,bureaucratic factors, the international MoreIn this article,an attempt has been made to analyze the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the two periods of construction and reforms based on the Rozenau model,in which the personality and role of decision makers,bureaucratic factors, the international system and the domestic society are emphasized as influencing factors in the field of foreign policy.has been investigated.By looking at the theoretical framework of Rozenau and examining the developments in the foreign policy of the governments of construction and reforms, it was concluded that the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran, although it follows fixed principles,has seen changes in different periods depending on the conditions.Based on the conditions,different discourses have been ruling over it, and in the studied periods,two interest-oriented discourses and policy-oriented culture-oriented discourses have been based.Examining these two periods shows that changes in the field of foreign policy were affected by internal and external factors Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Investigating the Impact of the Corona on Foreign Policy
Hasan Shamsini Ghiasvand Saeed JahangiriHasan Shamsini Ghiasvand [1] Saeed Jahangiri[2] Abstract: Corona's influence on foreign policy can be considered in security, economic and political dimensions. In fact, Corona is imposing new relations on international relations. Of course, it should be noted that such MoreHasan Shamsini Ghiasvand [1] Saeed Jahangiri[2] Abstract: Corona's influence on foreign policy can be considered in security, economic and political dimensions. In fact, Corona is imposing new relations on international relations. Of course, it should be noted that such statements may be one-sided and accompanied by political flaws. The central goal of this paper is the effects of Corona on foreign policy in a general perspective. But generally it can be said that foreign policy in the post-Corona period will be different from the past. Explaining that the pursuit of national interests by governments continues, but the mechanisms for the realization of national interests may be different from the past. In general, some of the effects of Corona on foreign policy can be presented as follows; -Transition from a unipolar world to a new block chain -Transition from global convergence to relative global tensions, especially between major world powers - Further return of nationalism in foreign policy -Emphasis on statehood and the relative transition of globalization -Increasing the importance of regionalism in foreign policy and the relative reduction of regional tensions [1] Hassan Shamsini Ghiasvand. Assistant Professor of Political Science. Department of Political Science. Azad University of Takestan Branch. Qazvin [2]- Ph.D in Political Science, Iran, Law School, Theology and Political Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Married stepparents with stepchild in Iranian law
Alasadat Afghah Azam Khosh Sorat MovafaghAdoption is one of the most important issues in the family. The legislator has been paying attention to this issue for years, because human childhood usually has significant effects on adulthood. In 1392 note 26 of law of the protection of orphaned and neglected c MoreAdoption is one of the most important issues in the family. The legislator has been paying attention to this issue for years, because human childhood usually has significant effects on adulthood. In 1392 note 26 of law of the protection of orphaned and neglected children state that it is permissible to marry an adopted child with a guardian if appropriate. Jurisprudently and in accordance with the initial commandments there is no prohibition on this marriage, but the above mentioned note in the terms of jurisprudence and legally has been the matter of the place of reflection for, many lawyers and experts are concerned about family issues. Because it contradicts with the general order of society and good ethic. On one hand one handone hand the lack of clarity in the concept of expediency in the legislator expression on the other hand the deteriorating of educational environment for the adoptive child due to the interplay of adaption and possible spouse relationship and being ? by this marriage and also because of the loss of stepparent mental security due to the possible suspicion, it is suggested that The legislator should revise the mentioned not in the form of secondary provisions and prohibit the marriage of the adopted children with the stepparents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Comparison of the Effectiveness of Paradoxical Timetable Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Reducing Symptoms in Women with Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Faezeh Peimanpak Mahsima Pourshahriari Abbas AbdollahiPurpose: In respect of diagnosis and therapy, generalized anxiety disorder is one of the most frequent anxiety disorders, as well as one of the most difficult and resistant. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is one of the most frequent therapies for this disorder. The MorePurpose: In respect of diagnosis and therapy, generalized anxiety disorder is one of the most frequent anxiety disorders, as well as one of the most difficult and resistant. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is one of the most frequent therapies for this disorder. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of paradoxical timetable treatment and cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating women with generalized anxiety disorder.Method: In this study, the single-case experimental Was used used. The population of the present research included women with generalized anxiety disorder who referred to the Sadra Clinic and had an active case in the summer and autumn of 2021. Among these, three patients received paradoxical timetable therapy, and three patients received cognitive-behavioral therapy. The sample of this research selected through convenience sampling.Generalized anxiety disorder scale-7 items used for collecting data. Chart analysis, reliable change index, clinical significance and Improvement percentage of paradoxical time table was used for data analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS-26 software.Findings: The results showed that both paradoxical timetable treatment and cognitive-behavioral therapy were effective in reducing the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Comparing the two treatment methods according to the obtained results and comparing the percentage of paradoxical timetable treatment subjects, the improvement rate for the three subjects in this method is 71%, 79% and 71% and the recovery percentage of cognitive-behavioral therapy subjects for the three subjects is 44%, 52% and 48%, also the percentage of total improvement in paradoxical timetable treatment in three patients is on average 74% and the percentage of total improvement in cognitive-behavioral therapy in three patients is 48%. According to the findings of the study, treatment of paradoxical timetable is an acceptable and quick method to decrease the symptoms of generalized anxiety, and can be used as a recommended treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Sociological analysis of cultural-artistic justice through spatial justice (Case study of the five districts of Arak)
Mehdi mobaraki Bagher saroukhani Mansoor vosooghIn this article, with the approach of spatial justice, the status of distribution and establishment of cultural-artistic facilities (as one of the bases for the formation of cultural activities) is analyzed and the relationship between the distribution of these faciliti MoreIn this article, with the approach of spatial justice, the status of distribution and establishment of cultural-artistic facilities (as one of the bases for the formation of cultural activities) is analyzed and the relationship between the distribution of these facilities and cultural-artistic needs and entitlements in Arak. The research method is a mix method. Quantitatively, data were collected using a questionnaire and sampling method appropriate to the volume in the quality of collecting information related to physical studies (the amount and manner of distribution of cultural-artistic uses in urban areas) with secondary analysis and then location. According to the results, the pattern of spatial distribution of cultural-artistic facilities based on the needs and entitlements of citizens in the city of Arak is inefficient, unequal and unjust. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - The relationship between social and cultural factors with the selection of field of study criteria among Islamic Azad University students
Neda Taj Rooshan Majid ZourofiThe purpose of this study is the examination of the relationship between social and cultural factors with the selection of field of study criteria among Islamic Azad University of Tabriz students.The nature and content work of this study is survey and descriptive and th MoreThe purpose of this study is the examination of the relationship between social and cultural factors with the selection of field of study criteria among Islamic Azad University of Tabriz students.The nature and content work of this study is survey and descriptive and the purpose of the study if applied. The population of the study is all MA and BA students in Islamic Azad University of Tabriz in 93-94 educational years (25947) of whom 379 were selected as the sample of the study using Cochran formula and stratified random sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to gather data which is based on Likert scale. In order to test the hypothesis, Pearson correlation, T tests and one way AN OVA were used. The results show that, there is a meaningful relationship between academic credentials orientation and income and labor market. Also, there is a meaningful relationship between others’ encourage and cultural capital with personal interest, social prestige, income and labor market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - The possibility of inferring the justice system as fairness from within the discourses of the Islamic Republic
afshin habibzadeh kolli Reza Akbari noori khodayar mortazavi aslThe concept of justice and the system based on it has always been one of the important topics of political thought and philosophy. John Rawls, one of the greatest contemporary political philosophers of the West, in his book Justice as Fairness, tries to explain in a pol MoreThe concept of justice and the system based on it has always been one of the important topics of political thought and philosophy. John Rawls, one of the greatest contemporary political philosophers of the West, in his book Justice as Fairness, tries to explain in a political understanding of justice, the necessities of realizing the greatest possible freedom and equality for the citizens of a democratic society.The main question is to what extent is it possible to infer the justice system as fairness according to Rawls from the discourses of the Islamic Republic? In this connection, one of the main topics is the discussion about the ratio of public interests and individual and group interests, because according to Rawls, the justice system is the institutionalized area of public interests, which is due to the institutions of the basic structure of society, which is also associated with the existence of the country or The existence of the nation-state is ongoing. In this regard, the opinions of Morteza Motahari and Abdullah Javadi Amoli, two well-known clerics, have been examined as the main conceptualizers of the analysis of the discourse of justice, from which the possibility of extracting a theory of justice close to justice as fairness can be calculated. The result is that Motahari's point of view is more capable of interpreting the justice system as fairness in the discourse of political Islam than Javadi Amoli's point of view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Evaluative Approach to the Foreign Policy of Islamic Republic of Iran: with an Emphasis on East and Shanghai Cooperative Organization
کیهان برزگر علی آدمیResearches on the strategies toward the nations of East Asia aim to evaluate the possibilities of attaining political and security interests of Islamic republic of Iran in case of increasing cooperation with these nations. Present Iranian strategies toward East are so f MoreResearches on the strategies toward the nations of East Asia aim to evaluate the possibilities of attaining political and security interests of Islamic republic of Iran in case of increasing cooperation with these nations. Present Iranian strategies toward East are so formulated to make Iran able to neutralize the negative ramification of unilateral confrontation approaches taken by the West against Iran. So, it is tried in this article to examine how Iran could pursue its national interest within the nations of East Asia. These nations with their somewhat contrasting ideological approaches provide unfavorable conditions for Iran to formulate a coherent strategy for mutual cooperation in various areas of significant to Iran. This author believes that regionalism with an eastern approach best serves our national interest at the present time. Identity and cultural similarities’ of Islamic republic of Iran with those of these nations in East Asia provides an ample opportunity for us to pursue our security and economic objectives. Pursuing a coherent policy could provide and ensure the strategic and security necessities in the long run. Shanghai Cooperation Organization with two permanent members (Russia and China) of UN Security Council having more than one-third of the world population, vast territory and economic ability heralds a potentially powerful coalition in the future. Islamic republic of Iran with its present observation role in this organization and also the demand to become its permanent members leads to certain implications which within the framework and opportunities of membership facilitate the analysis of Iranian foreign policy. In this article, we aim to assess Iranian membership in this organization on four dimensions of Iranian politics, security, economic and culture. On this basis, we first apply theoretical explanations of the origin and continuation of Shanghai Organization. Having done this, we then study the effect of Iranian membership in this organization on dimensions of politics, security, economic and culture. Finally, the probability and improbability of Iran to become the permanent member of Shanghai Organization will be discussed and suggestions, based on our findings, will be made to the Iranian diplomatic approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - The Strategy toward East in the Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran: Viewpoints, Settings and Opportunities
Ali AdamiSoviet Union collapse and the end of cold war have increased by twofold the significance of geopolitics and regional orientation in the international system in a way that many countries have selected regional orientation as a fundamental and stable concept to achieve th MoreSoviet Union collapse and the end of cold war have increased by twofold the significance of geopolitics and regional orientation in the international system in a way that many countries have selected regional orientation as a fundamental and stable concept to achieve their national interest and security. Over the past years, the dominant theoretical and practical perspective in the foreign policy of Iran was solely concentrated on the west at the expense of neglecting a particular strategy toward east. This type of Strategy in the foreign policy caused negligence of other power sources and centers as well as global wealth particularly near the boundaries. However, the strategy of east outlook has turned into a regional orientation strategy on the part of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the geographical and geopolitical outlook since Iran is one of those countries enjoying geostrategic, geo-economics and geopolitical advantages due to its geographical and political location. Accordingly, "east outlook strategy" which enjoys historical and scientific logic as well as political and geographical reasons in the foreign policy of Iran causes a new identification in the discourse of foreign policy and its importance increases steadily. The present study aims to investigate the viewpoints, settings and prospects of the east outlook strategy in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Foundations of Conflict of Interest in the Policy and Structure of Higher Education in Iran after the Islamic Revolution
alireza hamzeh siah bill Mojtaba moazzaim Ismail Kavousi Rashid Zolfgari Zafarani Analysis and understanding of conflict of interest in the policy and structure of higher education of the Islamic Republic of Iran with the focus on the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology as one of the 19 ministries of the Iranian government and r More Analysis and understanding of conflict of interest in the policy and structure of higher education of the Islamic Republic of Iran with the focus on the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology as one of the 19 ministries of the Iranian government and responsible for integrating administrative affairs, policy, science, research and technology Is possible. The Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, as a super-organization, has diverse departments in the field of decision-making and implementation, which include situations of conflict of interest. In the present descriptive-analytical research and in response to the foundations of conflict of interest in the structure of higher education in the Islamic Republic of Iran, it is hypothesized that conflict of interest in the field of higher education in Iran is often the result of rules and regulations that govern university members and faculty. The results and findings of the present study emphasize that conflicts of interest in the field of higher education can reduce the quality of education, create all kinds of scientific frauds and make issues such as money and income superior to knowledge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Comparative Study of Payment Demur Compensation in Imamiyeh Jurisprudence, Iran's Law and Vienna 1980 Convention
hossein ahamari parviz zokaeianPayment demur compensation is an old legal subject. After revolution, the jurists of guard council, on the basis of principle 4 of constitution, declared that damage for payment demur is not legitimate. After that, because of the enhancement of liquidity and inflation a MorePayment demur compensation is an old legal subject. After revolution, the jurists of guard council, on the basis of principle 4 of constitution, declared that damage for payment demur is not legitimate. After that, because of the enhancement of liquidity and inflation and damages on oblige for late approval, especially in banking affairs, the guard council was forced to review and accept the damage for late approval provided that receiving damages is required in agreement, if the obligor delays beyond due date. Finally, on 1379, legislator ratified the damage for payment demur in article 515 of civil procedure. In this article, merely the legal and jurisprudential Dimension of "damage for payment demur " in the laws of Iran and Vienna 1980 convention has been studied. Manuscript profile -
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94 - The Role of Common Law in the Interpretation of Non-financial Rights of Couples
faezeh azimzadeh akram mohammadiThe unlimited variety and complexity of social relationship, generality and being abstract law, the necessity of disputing claims and so on are considered as a necessity to interpret the law. One of the important resources that should be considered in interpreting the r MoreThe unlimited variety and complexity of social relationship, generality and being abstract law, the necessity of disputing claims and so on are considered as a necessity to interpret the law. One of the important resources that should be considered in interpreting the rules is the custom. Family Law, more than any other areas are affected by custom and social relation. This clearly proves by referring the civil law. But it should be noted that customary law is not always valid and it needs some legal provisions to have potential to referring. In this paper, the role of custom in interpreting some rights and non-financial relationship between couples, such as good companionship with one's wife, recognizing family interests, conditional contract are examined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Damages for Lost Profits in Iran's Jurisprudence and Law and its compatibility with Vienna Convention 1980
hossein ahmari parviz zokaeianA person who sustains a loss can be corporal damage of a moral one. Corporal damage is divided into two kinds: A) to lose the existent property B) To strengthen the profit which is the same as bearing on interest, and it is known in law text as preventing to find a prof MoreA person who sustains a loss can be corporal damage of a moral one. Corporal damage is divided into two kinds: A) to lose the existent property B) To strengthen the profit which is the same as bearing on interest, and it is known in law text as preventing to find a profit that its appropriate has already been obtained. There are different opinions among Islamic jurists and jurisprudents about damage of bearing on interest, and even, there exists this difference in the note 2, article 515 procedure law public and revolution courts in civil affairs and article 9 procedure law of public and revolution courts in penal affairs to the extend that it has caused to understand differently among jurists about this point that is has caused to understand differently among jurists about this point that article 9 has been abolished by article 15, but the reality is that note 2, article 515, is a probable negating no interest and not a certain one. Article 74, convention of 1980 confirms that the loss of bearing no interest which is certain, is demandable clearly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Subversion in Modern Juridical-Legal System
abozar aliakbari hany mahmoudiAfter many years from Islam appearance and existence of different ideas and also different jurisprudence, Shiite jurisprudence has more prominent role in so far as friend and enemy confess it. Epidemic program of Islam for social life is the symbol of universality. Henc MoreAfter many years from Islam appearance and existence of different ideas and also different jurisprudence, Shiite jurisprudence has more prominent role in so far as friend and enemy confess it. Epidemic program of Islam for social life is the symbol of universality. Hence the role of jurisprudence in society management, one of the more important programs is to discipline in the society, is very important. Jurists express its programs and methods too. Nowadays, one of the current crimes is subversion which can remove discipline and security of society and finally change the government. In this research we explain subversion and the status of Shiite jurisprudence and Sunni viewpoint about it too. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - The Philosophy of the Exercise of Restrictive Punishments under the Criteria of Discretionary Punishment
Mohammad Hadi Sadeghi Javad RiahiAccording to the sources of Islamic jurisprudence, expediency of judge in the selection of discretionary punishment means that the judge should choose the best reaction by considering the criteria related to three elements of crime, victim and criminal. Therefore, the e MoreAccording to the sources of Islamic jurisprudence, expediency of judge in the selection of discretionary punishment means that the judge should choose the best reaction by considering the criteria related to three elements of crime, victim and criminal. Therefore, the examination of these elements demonstrates the reactions that may be chosen. The present study, using a descriptive–analytical method, has examined criteria related to those elements and has found out that the consideration of the criteria and norms of discretionary punishment, sometimes, necessitate the exercise of the restrictive punishment as the most advisable and the most effective reaction. Therefore, judges should determine restrictive punishment in appropriate cases and legislator and judicial directors should guide and conduct judges to exercise the restrictive punishments in those situations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Basics of blood transaction in the thought of Imami jurists
ahmadreza khazaeiBlood is one of the eleven impurities that is recognized in the holy sharia of Islam and its use is also forbidden. In the past, not only were there no benefits to blood, but there was also hatred. Most of the first Sadr jurists who were exposed to this issue have expre MoreBlood is one of the eleven impurities that is recognized in the holy sharia of Islam and its use is also forbidden. In the past, not only were there no benefits to blood, but there was also hatred. Most of the first Sadr jurists who were exposed to this issue have expressed fatwas sanctifying blood trade. The sayings of the jurists in this matter are: absolute sanctity, detail between impure and pure blood, independent sanctity and permission along with other objects, permission to trade in cases of lawful interests. The arguments of those who believe in sanctity are: consensus, non-taxation of blood, impurity of blood, originality of corruption in contracts, support for sin, verses, and narrations. But today, with the advancement of medical knowledge and the various uses of blood, especially human blood and its products, it has found a special vital place. The subject of time and place and its requirements in the field of jurisprudence is something that has been evident in the jurisprudence of Imam Khomeini since the pre-Islamic period, and has been directly related to the nature of realism in his jurisprudence. One example of this dynamic ijtihad is his views on the blood transaction. This article tries to study the blood transaction according to the opinions of Imami jurists. Manuscript profile -
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99 - Jurisprudential principles of the treaty between Muslims and non-Muslims with emphasis on the view of the Supreme Leader
Ali Mohammadian Kebria Mohammad Nozari Ferdowsiye akbar najmA treaty is an agreement that Muslims make when they stop fighting the infidels. This research, which has been written by descriptive analytical method, has organized its discussions based on this hypothesis by stating the nature of the treaty. Based on Islamic jurispru MoreA treaty is an agreement that Muslims make when they stop fighting the infidels. This research, which has been written by descriptive analytical method, has organized its discussions based on this hypothesis by stating the nature of the treaty. Based on Islamic jurisprudence, a treaty with infidels is permissible in the first sentence and in some cases it becomes obligatory due to expediency. The conclusion of this research is that from the point of view of some Islamic scholars, including the Supreme Leader, the necessary condition for the principle of concluding a treaty in Islam is to bind it to expediency and time. And the condition for continuing to adhere to it is to observe the interests of the Islamic society and to be intelligent and vigilant against non-Muslims and to continuously monitor the survival of the terms of the treaty and not to violate it by other parties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Designing and Constructing of Interest to School Questionnaire among Elementary School Students
Parvin Bahari Gholamreza Golmohammad Nazhad Bahrami Siavash SHeikhalizadehThe purpose of this study was design and construct of questionnaire interest to school among elementary school students. The research method was descriptive by psychometrics. The population of research was all of elementary students in the second, third, fourth, fifth a MoreThe purpose of this study was design and construct of questionnaire interest to school among elementary school students. The research method was descriptive by psychometrics. The population of research was all of elementary students in the second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth grades in West Azerbaijan province in the academic year of 2019-20, that among them 420 people selected by randomly multi-stage cluster sampling method. Questionnaire content validity was reviewed and confirmed by 14 professors. The CVR value of each question using the Lawshe formula in the range, 0.57 to 0.99 and the S-CVI was calculated 0.87 by Averaging formula. After examining the reliability indices of each question, the existence of high internal consistency in the questionnaire was confirmed. In order to investigate criterion validity, the correlation between the total score of the questionnaire and the correlation between each item and the criterion were calculated that the results were significant at the level of 0.01., The construct validity of the questionnaire through exploratory factor analysis with three factors (participation in school activities, commitment to school and connectedness to school), which explained 75.18% of the total variance of the questionnaire, also was examining and confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha for the whole questionnaire was 0.98 and for each of the factors were 0.979, 0.926 and 0.845, respectively. As a result, the interest to school questionnaire with 28 items for measure the interest to school in the elementary school students, has the optimal reliability and validity Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - An Evaluation of Iranian Junior High Schools‛ English Textbooks Using FOG Readability Index and Survey from Experienced Teachers
Davood Hosseini Nassab Farahman Farrokhi Jhila MorsaliThe aim of this study was to evaluate and analyze the content of English textbooks taught in Guidance Schools according to the Fog readability formula and from the view point of experienced English teachers. The findings: On the whole, the strong points of the books in MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate and analyze the content of English textbooks taught in Guidance Schools according to the Fog readability formula and from the view point of experienced English teachers. The findings: On the whole, the strong points of the books in different cases were as follows: The typing style of the books, good grammar presentation and practice, the organization of content from simple to difficult, clear instructions, correspondence with the children's age and books availability for most of the teachers and students. The weak points of the books were as follows: lacking attractive lay out, not having good pronunciation and vocabulary explanation, not using enough authentic language, having no attention to the learners background knowledge, not having enough correspondence with the children's real life situations, Lacking the audio cassettes. From the view point of the teachers: There was a significant relationship between the evaluation of the books and the teaching experience, the teachersُ degree and the gender of the teachers. But there wasn’t any significant relationship between the evaluation of the books and the teaching location. For measuring the readability of the writings, Fog index was used. The results indicated that the readings of the books in all the grade were in low level. That is, they are very simple to read and students need a level higher than these ones. Consequently, all of the books were poor according to the results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Investigating the impact of using blogging on educational achievement and interest of High School English language learners
Seyed Davood Hosseini Nasab Gholam Reza Ghol Mohammadnejad Yousef SajedifarThe incorporation of asynchronous computer based communication in and out of the classroom is currently in need of a research. In present study the implementation of this technique to improve language grammar knowledge and students' interest have been investigated. To d MoreThe incorporation of asynchronous computer based communication in and out of the classroom is currently in need of a research. In present study the implementation of this technique to improve language grammar knowledge and students' interest have been investigated. To do this research, two high-schools, almost leveled, among all of the male high-schools in tabriz, through cluster random sampling with a control group(30 students) receiving traditional instruction and (30 students) as experimental group using bligging for nine sessions were choen. The research method was quasi-experimental.To collect the data the teacher made post and pre-assessment were used. To test the hyotheses, analysis of ANCOVA was used.Grammar and pupils' interest were significant but the reading comprehension was not. The result showed the students’high interest to language learning. Grammar points have encouraged them to produce language more accurately and to be more concerned abaut correctness.It could be conecluded that blogs as a social medium for learning language skills can have an important role.Therefore, the findings of this research show that the blogging has strong effect on English language learning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - نوعدوستی جوانان در سطح دوستان (مطالعه موردی شهر مشهد)
هما زنجانی مژگان عظیمی بهاره موفقیپژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی دگرخواهی در میان جوانان شهر مشهد، و به روش نظریهی زمینهای انجام شده است. اطلاعات از طریق مصاحبهی عمیق با ده نفر از جوانان 28-18 ساله شهر مشهد(5 مرد و 5 زن) جمع آوری و با استفاده از کدگذاری نظری تحلیل شده است. جوانان در مصاحبهها دلایل دگرخواهی Moreپژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی دگرخواهی در میان جوانان شهر مشهد، و به روش نظریهی زمینهای انجام شده است. اطلاعات از طریق مصاحبهی عمیق با ده نفر از جوانان 28-18 ساله شهر مشهد(5 مرد و 5 زن) جمع آوری و با استفاده از کدگذاری نظری تحلیل شده است. جوانان در مصاحبهها دلایل دگرخواهی را توصیف کردهاند. با توجه به شرایط علی، مداخلهگر، زمینهای، پیامدهای دگرخواهی و کنشهای دگرخواهانهی جوانان میتوان گفت جوانان به دلیل عواطف انسانی ومبادله اجتماعی (تحلیل هزینه-پاداش) و نیز به واسطه ارزشها و باورهایی که در آنها درونی شده، در موقعیتهای بحرانی، اقدام به کنشهای دگرخواهوانه نسبت به دوستان خود میکنند که نتیجه این وضعیت رضایت آنان از خودشان و تقویت انسجام اجتماعی در روابط با دوستان شان میباشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - بررسی تأثیر مکانیسم شرمندهسازی در روابط والدین و فرزندان و نقش بازدارنده آن در گرایش به رفتارهای انحرافی در جوانان (بر اساس الگوی تئوریکی شرمندهسازی بریتویت)
ماجده قلی پورکجروی اخلاقی و بزهکاری در زندگی نوجوان به یک صورت تجلی نمیکند و معانی و مفاهیم متفاوتی دارد که انواع و علل مختلف آن را میتوان برشمرد. تنها نوجوانان بزهکار یا کجرفتار نیستند که جامعه را به فکر و اندیشه و کوشش مداوم در جهت سازگاری مجدد آنها با جامعه وا داشته، بلکه بسیار Moreکجروی اخلاقی و بزهکاری در زندگی نوجوان به یک صورت تجلی نمیکند و معانی و مفاهیم متفاوتی دارد که انواع و علل مختلف آن را میتوان برشمرد. تنها نوجوانان بزهکار یا کجرفتار نیستند که جامعه را به فکر و اندیشه و کوشش مداوم در جهت سازگاری مجدد آنها با جامعه وا داشته، بلکه بسیاری از نوجوانان هستند که هنوز جرمی مرتکب نشدهاند ولی در خطر انحراف اخلاقی قرار دارند. حمایت از این نوجوانان و پیشگیری از سقوط آنها مورد توجه میباشد. در این بررسی سعی برآن بوده که تأثیر ساز و کار شرمنده سازی در روابط والدین و فرزندان و نقش بازدارندهی آن در بروز رفتارهای انحرافی نوجوانان بررسی شود. با بررسی آراء صاحبنظران مختلف حوزه جامعهشناسی انحرافات، در نهایت دو نظریه اعم از نظریه پیونداجتماعی هیرشی و فعالیتهای شرمندهسازی جهت تبیین فرضیات انتخاب شد. به عقیدههیرشی اگر فرد دارای سطح بالایی از تعلق به والدین باشد و یا هنجارها در فرد به خوبی درونی شده باشد، در رابطه با دیگران خاص حسشرمساری ایجاد میشود و این حس شرمساری، فرد را از ارتکاب به جرم باز خواهدداشت. اطلاعات این پژوهش با استفاده از روش پیمایش و توزیع پرسشنامه در بین 375 نفر از دانشجویان بدستآمد. پس از جمعآوری دادهها برای تعیین روایی سؤالات از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد و همچنین از آمارتوصیفی و استنباطی ا عم از ضریب همبستگی پیرسون، آزمونT-test برای سنجش فرضیات و برای پیشبینی تأثیر متغیرهای مستقل بر روی متغیر وابسته (بزهکاری) تحلیل رگرسیون چندمتغیره با روش Enter مورد استفاده قرار گرفتهاست. نتایج حاصل از آزمونها نشان داد که همبستگی معنادار و معکوس بین مشغولیت شرمندهسازی و بزهکاری وجود دارد. یعنی هرچه میزان این متغیر بالا رود میزان بزهکاری پایین میآید. همچنین میانگین بزهکاری در شیوه فعالیت شرمندهسازی بازدارنده و تقویت کننده و نوع فعالیت شرمندهسازی (رسمی و غیررسمی) تفاوت معناداری با یکدیگر ندارد و از نظر میزان با یکدیگر برابرند. رابطه بین دو متغیر دلبستگی و فعالیتهای شرمندهسازی نشان داد که میان این دو متغیر و بزهکاری رابطه معناداری وجود ندارد و فرض ما در مورد این دو متغیر رد میشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - The Effective social Factors of Social Trust on Banking System (Case study: Saderat Bank in Mazandaran)
Mohammad Gooya Ghorbanali Ebrahimi -
Open Access Article
106 - A Study of Family Effect on Political Socialization (A Case Study of Tehran University Students)
Hassan Husseini Muhammad Mirzaee Malekian Zohreh Tavakoli -
Open Access Article
107 - The Impact of Political Connection & Financial Misstatement on Agency Costs: Evidences from Political Agency Hypothesis
Mohammad HassaniThis paper assessed the impact of political connection and financial misstatement on agency costs especially in politically connected firms. Agency cost is measured using the ratio of operational expenses to operational sales revenues index. Also, politically governance MoreThis paper assessed the impact of political connection and financial misstatement on agency costs especially in politically connected firms. Agency cost is measured using the ratio of operational expenses to operational sales revenues index. Also, politically governance affiliation in either board structure or ownership structure is considered as a proxy of political connection. In addition, managers' multi-period incentives to misstate earnings in financial reporting are based on accruals earnings management. Research population using screening method consists of 204 firms listed in Tehran Securities & Exchange over 10 years period during March 2013 to March 2023. Research hypotheses investigated through multivariate regression models using panel data with fixed effect and generalized least squares method by E.Views software. Empirical findings documented that political connected firms have high level of agency costs significantly. Also, more managerial incentives to misstate earnings in financial reporting lead to increase agency costs level significantly. In addition, high level of earnings misstatement in politically connected firms caused to upward the agency costs level; In fact, these events enhance the interest conflict resulting from agency problems. So, it is aligned to political agency hypothesis, according to which the managers in politically connected firms, provoke agency conflicts due to opportunistic motives and harmful consequences of political connection. Other findings showed that the level of financial reporting misstatement and agency costs in politically connected firms has a significant difference compared to firms without political connection. This indicates the harmful consequences of political connections in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Modeling the Decisions on Determining the Interest Rate on Deposits in Iranian Banking System by using Game Theory
Mehdi Memarpour Ashkan Hafezalkotob Mohammad Khalilzadeh Abbas Saghaei Roya Soltani -
Open Access Article
109 - The Effects of Money Market on Gold Market with a Systemic Dynamics Approach
fatemeh khani Ahmad Jafari Samimi amirmansor tehranchian mohammdali ehsaniAbstract The purpose of this paper is to apply the system dynamics approach to forecasting the price of gold in Iran, identify the factors affecting the price of gold and simulate the trend of the impact of monetary policy on the price of gold in the period 1405-2010. MoreAbstract The purpose of this paper is to apply the system dynamics approach to forecasting the price of gold in Iran, identify the factors affecting the price of gold and simulate the trend of the impact of monetary policy on the price of gold in the period 1405-2010. The simulation is performed with Wenzim software. In different scenarios, the present paper simulates the change in liquidity volume, consumer price index and bank interest rates on the gold market. The results show that the price of gold is not only affected by the global ounce price and the value of the dollar, but also the control of liquidity and curbing inflation will play a significant role in stabilizing the gold market. The results confirm that the volume of liquidity and the consumer price index have a direct impact and a significant role in increasing the price of gold. The findings also show that changes in bank interest rates have no effect on changes in gold prices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Examine The Asymmetric Effects of oil Price shocks on Iran’s Economic Growth and Interest Rate: Nonlinear VAR Model
saeed samadi ali sarkhosh-sara Omid Amini DarrevazanAbstract The aim of this paper Major part of GDP of Iran driven by oil revenues. As the oil price fluctuations vary the oil incomes, assess the effect of this variation on economic growth is a matter of importance. In this regard, this survey investigate the asymmetric MoreAbstract The aim of this paper Major part of GDP of Iran driven by oil revenues. As the oil price fluctuations vary the oil incomes, assess the effect of this variation on economic growth is a matter of importance. In this regard, this survey investigate the asymmetric effects of oil price shocks on Iran's economic growth and interest rate using seasonal data from 1999:4 to 2015: 3 using self-equilibrium pattern of nonlinear transient nonlinear transmission (LSTVAR) series, including high and low oscillation regimes. Oil price fluctuations are selected as a transition variable, and using the generalized instantaneous reaction function, the asymmetric effects of oil price shocks on economic growth and interest rate have been examined. The results indicate that oil price shocks in both high and low volatility regimes have different and asymmetric effects on economic growth and interest rate. The shock of oil prices in the high-fluctuation regime at the start will reduce economic growth to a greater extent than the increase in economic growth in a regime with low volatility. According to the results, it is suggested that saving excess oil revenues in oil price increases should be considered so that this surplus can be used to reduce the adverse effects of oil price fluctuations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Non-Interest Income, Profitability and Risk in Banking Industry
Amir Ali Farhang Abolghasem Esna Ashari Asghar Abolhasani Mohammad Reza Ranjbar Fallah Jahangir BiabaniThe aim of this study is evaluating the effect of non-interest income on the risk and profitability of the banking industry by using systematic GMM during 1384 to 1393. The findings show that the increase of non-interest income results in the increase of profitability a MoreThe aim of this study is evaluating the effect of non-interest income on the risk and profitability of the banking industry by using systematic GMM during 1384 to 1393. The findings show that the increase of non-interest income results in the increase of profitability and the decrease of risk in Iran's banking system and there is a significant positive relationship between the concentration index and bank risk in such a way that the increase of concentration index results in increase of banks' risks. On the base of the research results and current problems of Iran's banking system, paying attention to banks' money making ability through non-interest income can be considered as a major solution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Impact of Economic Freedom on the Development of Banking Sector in Iran
A. Shahabadi R. Davari KishAbstract The most important aspect of financial development is the banking sector that has significant impact on the process of equipping the savings, identifying investment opportunities and diversifying the risk. Economic freedom is a determinant factor in developing MoreAbstract The most important aspect of financial development is the banking sector that has significant impact on the process of equipping the savings, identifying investment opportunities and diversifying the risk. Economic freedom is a determinant factor in developing the banking sector. The increase of economic freedom provides the setting of financial resources equipment, strengthens the sense of bank deposit in general population to guide them for limited capital in productive activities. Hence, in this study, the impact of economic freedom index on the development of the banking sector in Iran during 1980-2011 will be discussed. The results represent that economic freedom and its components have a significant and positive relationship to the development of banking sector. Also, based on the results, the estimation of the impact of central bank foreign assets on monetary base and Real interest rate on the development of banking sector is positive and significant. Also, the effect of public sector debt to central bank on monetary base is negative but significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Determining the Optimal Interest Rate and Its Effects on Iran's Economy: An Application of Optimal Control Theories
yazdan Naghdi Farshid Efati BaranAbstract The aim of this study is to estimate and calculate the optimal interest rate during the period 1993-2016 in order to achieve an optimal interest rate and a describe economic growth using the optimal control theory. Taking into account Iran’s economic, s MoreAbstract The aim of this study is to estimate and calculate the optimal interest rate during the period 1993-2016 in order to achieve an optimal interest rate and a describe economic growth using the optimal control theory. Taking into account Iran’s economic, social and cultural planning, its economic growth rate is considered 6%, and the inflation targeting 10% in the present research. The results show that in order to achieve the describe economic growth rate of 6% in a year and the inflation targeting rate of 10%, the optimal interest rate needs to be 5.2%. By notice that the bank average interest rate for Iran has been 14.3% in the same period, it is suggested that bank interest rate decreases. This matter will increase investment and ultimately expand production and economic growth in the Iranian economy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Factors Affecting the Expenditures of Consuming Non-durable Goods in Iran Economy
karim emami saman darbaniThis study investigates the factors that influence the expenditure of consuming non-durable goods in the economy of Iran. the importance of non durable consumer goods in the basket of household caused to identify the factors affecting the consumption of these goods. By MoreThis study investigates the factors that influence the expenditure of consuming non-durable goods in the economy of Iran. the importance of non durable consumer goods in the basket of household caused to identify the factors affecting the consumption of these goods. By statistical time series during 1979-2007, a model was estimated by Vector Auto Regression method. Factors which affect the marginal expenditure of non durable goods include disposable income, wealth, inflation, index of durable goods to non-durable goods and the real interest rate. In this regard, information and data of the Central Bank of Islamic Republic of Iran were used. The results stated that by increasing the wealth and income, the consumption of non-durable goods will be increased. Also, any increase in the index of durable goods to non-durable goods will grow non-durable goods consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Comparing the situation of Islamic banking in iran with selected countries of the lslamic world
jalal yousefi parviz saeidi Maryam Bokharaeian khorasani Jamadordi Gorganli DojiThe main objective of this research is to compare the status of Islamic banking in Iran with selected countries in the Islamic world. The present study is considered as an applied research in terms of its research objective, and a retrospective study in terms of its tem MoreThe main objective of this research is to compare the status of Islamic banking in Iran with selected countries in the Islamic world. The present study is considered as an applied research in terms of its research objective, and a retrospective study in terms of its temporal dimension. The data collection was descriptive and correlational in nature, utilizing quantitative research methods to test hypotheses. Linear regression model was employed to test the hypotheses, and panel data econometrics using statistical software Eviews was utilized for data analysis.In this research, the statistical population consists of Islamic banks in the Islamic world, and the sample includes banks from Iran, Malaysia, Indonesia, Pakistan, and Bahrain, within the time frame of 2017 to 2021. To compare the status of Islamic banking in Iran with selected countries, the collected data is derived from statistics provided by the Securities and Exchange Organization for Iran, and data from the International Bank (Bank Scope) for the selected banks in Malaysia, Indonesia, Pakistan, and Bahrain.The appropriate research method employed in this study is a descriptive research method. It falls under the category of quantitative and descriptive research in the field of finance in terms of its purpose and applicability. Furthermore, considering that historical information has been used in testing its hypotheses, it can be regarded as past-oriented in terms of the temporal dimension. Additionally, in terms of data collection methods, it can be classified as a retrospective research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Fast Intra and Inter Prediction Mode Decision of H.264/AVC for Medical Image Compression Based on Region of Interest
Mehdi Jafari Homayoun Mahdavi-Nasab Shohreh KasaeiThis paper aims at applying H.264 in medical video compression applications and improving the H.264 Compression performance with better perceptual quality and low coding complexity. In order to achieve higher compression of medical video, while maintaining high image qu MoreThis paper aims at applying H.264 in medical video compression applications and improving the H.264 Compression performance with better perceptual quality and low coding complexity. In order to achieve higher compression of medical video, while maintaining high image quality in the region of interest, with low coding complexity, here we propose a new model using H.264/AVC that uses lossless compression in the region of interest, and very high rate, lossy compression in other regions. This paper proposes a new method to achieve fast intra and inter prediction mode decision that is based on coarse macroblocks for intra and inter prediction mode decision of the background region and finer macroblocks for region of interest. Also the macroblocks of the background region are encoded with the maximum quantization parameter allowed by H.264/AVC in order to maximize the number of null coefficients. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves a higher compression rate on medical videos with a higher quality of region of interest with low coding complexity when compared to our previous algorithm and other standard algorithms reported in the literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - The Impact of Topic Interest and L2 Proficiency on EFL Incidental Vocabulary Learning Across Genders
Shaban Najafi Karimi Mokhtar Haghnia Amir MarzbanThe current study attempted to investigate the impact of topic interest and L2 proficiency on Iranian EFL learners’ incidental vocabulary learning in terms of their gender. There were 107 (F = 56, M = 51) EFL learners of English at the pre-intermediate and interme MoreThe current study attempted to investigate the impact of topic interest and L2 proficiency on Iranian EFL learners’ incidental vocabulary learning in terms of their gender. There were 107 (F = 56, M = 51) EFL learners of English at the pre-intermediate and intermediate levels of linguistic proficiency, selected through convenience sampling in this quasi-experimental study. The participants were divided into four experimental groups based on their proficiency level and gender, that is, Male Intermediate High-Interest Topics (MIHIT), Male Pre-Intermediate Low-Interest Topics (MPILIT), Female Intermediate High-Interest Topics (FIHIT), and Female Pre-Intermediate Low-Interest Topics (FPILIT) groups. The adapted version of the Topic interest survey by Ebbers (2011) was utilized to determine the participants’ interests. Also, reading passages were taken from British Council’s texts, and two vocabulary tests were given as a pretest and a posttest. The independent samples t-tests and paired samples t-tests run on the four groups revealed a statistically significant difference. Results suggested that topic interest had a statistically significant effect on the incidental vocabulary learning of Iranian EFL male and female learners. Besides, unlike the male group, there was a statistically significant difference in female posttest scores, indicating that L2 proficiency had an effect on their EFL incidental vocabulary learning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Relationship between ICT Skills with Self-Directed Components in Students’ Learning Process
Kamian Khazaei Kimia AshurnezhadThe present research aimed at studying the relationship between the use of ICT skills with self-directed components in students’ learning processes in Islamic Azad University, Chalus Branch. Considering the nature and purpose, it was an applied research, but it wa MoreThe present research aimed at studying the relationship between the use of ICT skills with self-directed components in students’ learning processes in Islamic Azad University, Chalus Branch. Considering the nature and purpose, it was an applied research, but it was a descriptive correlational in terms of method. The statistical population included MA level students in the major of curriculum planning, financial management, law, Persian literature and political science in 2011-2012 academic year. Among them, 200 subjects were selected through random stratified method as the sample. A researcher-made questionnaire with a reliability index of 0/775 along with a standard one relating to self-directed learning were used for data collection. Pearson correlation and regression were used to analyze the collected data. The findings showed that self-directed variations in learning can be explained by ICT components. There was also a significant correlation between familiarity with soft-ware and interest in learning among students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - China's economic presence in Africa and the areas of competition with the United States
Mohammad Javad Hosseini Ardeshir SanaieAfrica with many abundant political and economic capacities, has succeeded to attract the attentions of Chinese elites who placed their policy priorities on promotion of economic power as the centerpiece of their national power.The political, security and economic impor MoreAfrica with many abundant political and economic capacities, has succeeded to attract the attentions of Chinese elites who placed their policy priorities on promotion of economic power as the centerpiece of their national power.The political, security and economic importance of Africa especially the concern for development of extremist violent activities and existence of threats including: Piracy, Human trafficking,.. provided the ground for the US to adopt a new strategy towards the continent. The purpose of this article is to examine the activities of China and areas of competition with the US in Africa.The main question: How has China's economic presence on the continent of Africa influenced the interests, goals and areas of American activities in the continent? and the research hypothesis is: China's expansion in Africa during the new century, along with the priority of non-military strategies on both sides on the continent, have caused the US and China's two-way vulnerability and susceptibility toward each other policies in Africa which drives Washington and Beijing towards cooperation and avoidance of any destructive competition. This research was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Reopening of the Naval Base of Britain in Bahrain: The Grounds and the Necessity
ali bagheri dolatabadi jaseb nikfar mehdi mohammadiAbstract: In late 2014 Britain reopened its naval military base in Bahrain after 43 years. The return of Britain coincided with turbulent situation in the Middle East. Developments like movement for democracy, rise of extremist Islamic groups, war and rivalry between r MoreAbstract: In late 2014 Britain reopened its naval military base in Bahrain after 43 years. The return of Britain coincided with turbulent situation in the Middle East. Developments like movement for democracy, rise of extremist Islamic groups, war and rivalry between regional powers caused the return of Britain to the region. The question raised here is “what factors lead to the return of Britain and its presence in Bahrain?” The hypothesis is that different factors have played role taking this decision but most important factor has been security concern of Britain and Bahrain in recent years. The finding of the study shows that factors like the rise of ISIS, preventing the balance of power in favor of Shiites, oil, support of allies, the geostrategic and geopolitics of Bahrain, ensuring the political, military security in Bahrain and on the whole changing the political and economic situation in the region in favor of Britain, been among the factors which led to the reopening of naval military base in Bahrain. The theoretical framework used for the paper is descriptive-analytical by using library and internet sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - The alignment of ideology and national interests and the process of Regional Empowerment of Islamic Republic of Iran (1989 -2017)
mahdi parhan gholamreza karimi arsalan ghorbani sheikhneshin Seyyed Ali MonavariAbstractAfter the end of imposed war, Islamic Republic has considered geostrategic requirements and interests of Iran in addition to pursuing the Islamic revolution ideology. This paper examines the effects of the attunement between ideology and national interests in pr MoreAbstractAfter the end of imposed war, Islamic Republic has considered geostrategic requirements and interests of Iran in addition to pursuing the Islamic revolution ideology. This paper examines the effects of the attunement between ideology and national interests in promoting the regional status of Islamic Republic through examining its function in the past three decades. Accordingly, the main question is how the alignment of ideology and national interests has been effective in regional empowerment of Islamic Republic? The hypothesis of the article is that changing the system's approach and its actions in accordance with the ideology and national interests of the country has increased the power of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the region. The findings of this research, which have been done through explanatory-analytical methods using library and documentary sources, show that it has increased the regional power of the Islamic Republic of Iran by the alignment of ideology and national interests with the emergence of national power and the geopolitical position and redefinition of ideological concepts in macro-decision-making after the end of the imposed war and the beginning of pragmatic policies in the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Saudi Arabia's alignment with Israel from the perspective of international relations theories
amirhossein nemati amir mohammad hajyousefiAbstractWith King Salman coming to power in 2015 and granting the Crown Prince with extensive powers and responsibilities to his son, Mohammed bin Salman, which led to the emergence of a new generation of leaders, this country’s policy in West Asia released from t MoreAbstractWith King Salman coming to power in 2015 and granting the Crown Prince with extensive powers and responsibilities to his son, Mohammed bin Salman, which led to the emergence of a new generation of leaders, this country’s policy in West Asia released from the conservative condition in respect to Israel, and a new alignment is emerging. This article by considering the theories of Waltz's balance of power, Stephen Walt's balance of threat and Randall Schuler's balance of interests, reply to this question that which theory or combination of theories can explain the origin of this alignment. To this end, the authors believe that Saudi Arabia's foreign policy making is based on, structural factors, and effective characteristics on government as a mediating variable which is in toward to the new alignment with Israel and balancing in west Asia in order to confront with I.R. of Iran. Although Stephen Walt's balance of threat is more efficient in explaining structural factors, Randall Schuler's theory has a higher explanatory power for simultaneously emphasizing the internal and structural factors of power in the form of balance of interest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - The Confrontation of Law and Power: A Comparative study on Applaying the Responsibility to Protect in Syria and Libya Crises
Najva hazeri ghodrat ahmadian farzad rostamiThe international arena has always been the site of competition for state actors. After World War II, the will of the international community to internationalize and legalize internationally formed bodies such as the United Nations was to peacefully resolve its crises a MoreThe international arena has always been the site of competition for state actors. After World War II, the will of the international community to internationalize and legalize internationally formed bodies such as the United Nations was to peacefully resolve its crises and issues through collective action. To be solved by the international community. Due to the growing need for human rights, civil laws were developed in the field, one of which was the principle of responsibility for responding to human rights abuses in Rwanda, Kosovo and Bosnia. This principle was defined as a timely and decisive response to acts of violence by the Security Council on behalf of the international community. The question here is: Why does the Security Council doctrine of responsibility for support in Libya but not Syria? In response to this question, it is suggested that the consensus of the great powers in the application of the doctrine of responsibility for protection in Libya and the lack of consensus of the great powers in the absence of this principle in Syria overpower Has led to the law. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Developments and dynamics of the southern part of the surrounding environment of J.A. Iran; Reasons and contexts
Amirhossein Nemati alireza naeej Jalal TorkashvandAs one of the important countries in the Middle East, the Islamic Republic of Iran is in the southern part of its periphery with a series of neighboring Arab countries that enjoy a special position. Ethnic, ideological and territorial differences, competition for the le MoreAs one of the important countries in the Middle East, the Islamic Republic of Iran is in the southern part of its periphery with a series of neighboring Arab countries that enjoy a special position. Ethnic, ideological and territorial differences, competition for the leadership of the Arab world, proxy wars, closeness to Israel, alliances and competition of great powers are among the most important developments and dynamics in this region, and it is of particular importance to find the root causes and grounds for the formation of these dynamics. The present article tries to answer this important question by assuming the formation of the mentioned developments, using the analogical-hypothetical method and based on Randall Schweller's balance of interests in the theoretical framework of neoclassical realism, while filling the existing gap in studies. And what are the current dynamics in the southern part of the peripheral environment of the Islamic Republic of Iran?The result of this research is that the government in Arab countries has simultaneously been affected by several important factors at the internal and structural levels, causing important developments and dynamics in the southern part of the peripheral environment of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Challenges of Regional Integration in South Asia from the Perspective of Intergovernmentalism
Hadi NaroueiThe integration process in the South Asian region started with the inspiration of the European Union at the end of the 20th century. In order to make this happen and encourage integration, organizations like SAARC and BIMSTEC were founded, although these initiatives wer MoreThe integration process in the South Asian region started with the inspiration of the European Union at the end of the 20th century. In order to make this happen and encourage integration, organizations like SAARC and BIMSTEC were founded, although these initiatives were not successful in practice. From 2014 onwards, due to the revival of India's First Neighborhood Policy, a positive perspective for regional integration emerged once more in the South Asian region. Despite various steps being taken and the inclusion of India as an emerging global economy in the region, true regional integration in South Asia hasn't materialized thus far. This article aims to analyze the challenges faced in achieving regional integration in South Asia. By focusing on the theory of Intergovernmentalism, the hypothesis explores how not only the differences and conflicting interests between India and Pakistan but also the differences and conflicting interests between India and the smaller countries of South Asia have hindered the convergence of the region. The study adopts a Hypothetico-deductive method and the data gathering procedure is based on library findings. The research findings indicate that security policies and individual interests of countries, including India, take precedence over economic cooperation and regional integration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - A Comparative Study of the Factors of the Continuation of Iran's Foreign Policy in the Eastern Mediterranean)Era Safavid and Islamic Republic(
Ali Khorsandi اعظم ملاییSince the Safavid era, the Eastern Mediterranean region, has affected the Iran's national security and interests. The current research seeks to answer the question, "What are the components of the continuity of Iran's foreign policy in the Eastern Mediter MoreSince the Safavid era, the Eastern Mediterranean region, has affected the Iran's national security and interests. The current research seeks to answer the question, "What are the components of the continuity of Iran's foreign policy in the Eastern Mediterranean during the Safavid period and the Islamic Republic?" The temporary answer that the researchers put forward as a hypothesis is that "Security-strategic needs and cultural-religious commonalities have been the most important reasons for the continuity of Iran's foreign policy in the Eastern Mediterranean, and the difference in Iran's approach to Europe has been one of the differences between Iran's policy in the two periods." The findings show that the similarity of the type and role identity of the Safavid statesmen and the Islamic Republic of Iran led to the definition of common interests and similar foreign policy approaches by them. Iran's continuous strategic competition with other regional powers and the need to contain their threats far from the borders, the role of Shiites in the Eastern Mediterranean in advancing Iran's goals, economic interests and the dependence of Iran's geopolitical competition on identity and ideology are the most important reasons for the continuity of Iran's foreign policy during the two periods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Explaining the Impact of Iranian Nuclear Program on Mutual Relations of Iran and European Union
عنایت الله یزدانی Leila MorovatiAbstract: After the victory of the Islamic revolution fundamental changes took place in foreign policy of Iran. Pursuing nuclear program was one of the sign of these developments, which created a concern in European Union and as a result led to a security challenge for MoreAbstract: After the victory of the Islamic revolution fundamental changes took place in foreign policy of Iran. Pursuing nuclear program was one of the sign of these developments, which created a concern in European Union and as a result led to a security challenge for Iran. The fear from Iran who possesses nuclear technology drove the green continent towards a coalition with the United States and some of Iran's neighbor particularly the conservative Arab governments. With the turn in European Union foreign policy towards Iran, Iran also revised its policies towards her friends and the possible foes. On this basis the present article wants to examine the opportunities and limitations of relations of Iran with the European Union under the impact of nuclear program. The basic strategy of the European Union in regard to nuclear program is preventing Iran acquiring the potential to produce nuclear arms. With this objective in view the European Union makes use of different tools like sanctions, negotiations and supporting Iran's rival. Part of this policy making of the European Union has undergone changes under the impact of Iran's relations with China, Russia and also confrontation or interaction with the United States in medium term. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - A Study of the Relations of Iran and America from the Beginning till 1946 (On the Basis of Theory of Continuity of James Rosenau)
Sadegh Zibakalam Davood Afshari Hossein Asbaghi Ali SoleimaniThe relations of Iran and the United States is having an important place in contemporary history. Despite the importance of these relations there is an inadequacy of a theoretical framework for analysis of the relations between the two countries to help us to find out t MoreThe relations of Iran and the United States is having an important place in contemporary history. Despite the importance of these relations there is an inadequacy of a theoretical framework for analysis of the relations between the two countries to help us to find out the causes of the relations and its expansion. In this regard the present article with special method tries to identify important factors that played significant role in relations of the two countries. The paper examines these relations within the framework of continuity theory of James Rosenau. Therefore, the question raised by the article is what variables and factors led to the commencement and expansion of relations between the United States and Iran from the beginning till 1946. The paper has tried to answer the above questions within the framework of continuity theory of James Rosenau as such the commencement of relations can be explained with internal variables (individual, role, bureaucracy, society) and the expansion of relations besides internal variable with the help of external variable (international system and the increasing interests of the United States in Iran). With a close look at the relations of the two countries one can identify the increasing interests of the United States in Iran and come to know about the significance of the expansion of relations of the United States with Iran in its entire dimension. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - The Relations of Identity and Interest in Foreign Policy of Islamic Republic of Iran
Mohammad Jaafar Javadi ArjmandThe foreign policy of different countries can be evaluated on the basis of several approaches. According to constructivist approach the structure of international system and the foreign policy behavior of the countries are not something predetermined but it is the outco MoreThe foreign policy of different countries can be evaluated on the basis of several approaches. According to constructivist approach the structure of international system and the foreign policy behavior of the countries are not something predetermined but it is the outcome of constant interaction of structures and actors which act according to their subjective value system and eventually create a reality in a common mentality. In reply to the question that the relation between constructivism and foreign policy can be analyzed one can say that the relations between identity and interests in foreign policy behavior or Islamic Republic of Iran can be studies within the framework of the triple orders viz. realistic, liberalistic and constructivist. The finding of the study shows that among the foreign policy behavior of the Islamic Republic of Iran indexes and the triple orders, the constructivist approach is more prominent due to her normative and revisionist behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - The Opposition of the United States of America to Nuclear Technological know-how of Iran and the Security of Israel
Ali Akbar Jaafari Mohammad DadpanahIn present article an attempt has been made to study the causes of the United States opposition to nuclear technology of Islamic Republic of Iran in the light of the security of Israel. For explaining this problem, first the factors which bring traditional close ties be MoreIn present article an attempt has been made to study the causes of the United States opposition to nuclear technology of Islamic Republic of Iran in the light of the security of Israel. For explaining this problem, first the factors which bring traditional close ties between the United States and Israel including common strategic interests and security threats are discussed within the framework of deterrence theory, the expansion and growth of Iran as a security threat for the two strategic alley is considered which has led to reduction of the superior place of the United States and Israel regional and global position. The finding of the study shows that preventing the acquisition of nuclear technology by Iran is the common strategic interest of both the governments. The article by an illustrative method and presenting suggestions has examined the above issue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - The Yellow Dragon in Warm Waters: the Strategic Interests of China in Persian Gulf
Saeed Voosoghi Mojtaba Gholipour Atefeh Darab ZadehThe foreign policy behavior of the countries at the international level more than anything is the reflection of pursuit of national interests; the way they perceive it. Therefore, for understanding the behavior of a particular government towards a particular region, bes MoreThe foreign policy behavior of the countries at the international level more than anything is the reflection of pursuit of national interests; the way they perceive it. Therefore, for understanding the behavior of a particular government towards a particular region, best way is to identify the long term and short term interests of that country in the said region on the basis of the capabilities and limitations of that government on the one side and the pull and push factors of the region on the other side. On the basis of such understanding of foreign relations of a country, the paper wants to study the nature of the interests of China in the Persian Gulf region. The study come to the conclusion that there are three areas in which there is linkage of China’s interests with the countries of the of Persian Gulf region. These three areas are viz. the issue of energy priority, political, military-strategic linkage and eventually economic-commercial interests. The authors believe that from the ontological viewpoint these three areas are inseparable and interconnected. Therefore, such differentiation takes place merely for analytical purpose and for having a clearer understanding of the subject. The methodology used in the present paper is qualitative. However, while using data it makes use of both qualitative and quantitative data with library material collection approach. The finding of the study is that the foreign policy of China in the Persian Gulf region is dominantly an economic centered foreign policy and other priorities are subordinated to this main orientation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - A Reappraisal in Russia and America Relations
Fereshteh NasrollahiThe United States and Russia are two important actors in international system. The geography of their national interests is global and extra-regional; therefore, the quality of their relationship affects the security of international system. It can create security or ca MoreThe United States and Russia are two important actors in international system. The geography of their national interests is global and extra-regional; therefore, the quality of their relationship affects the security of international system. It can create security or can cause insecurity in international system. After the disintegration of Soviet Union there has been more interaction between them but in recent years the relations between the two have been strained. The relations between Russia and the United States entered a new phase after disintegration of the Soviet Union. The occurrence of terrorist events on 11 September 2001 took their relations towards cooperation. During the invasion and occupation of Iraq, their relations became cool but after the occupation the relations improved. The financial assistance of the United States to Russia, acceptance of Russia in Group Seven industrial countries and the change of the said group into eight, supporting the Russia in countering Chechnya secessionism, the increase in the level of trade exchange are among the cooperative measures by the United States towards Russia. On the other hand Russia’s support for the United States’ actions against Taliban, non-opposition to exercises, maneuvers and military cooperation with Central Asian countries, agreeing with the United States resolution pertaining to Iraq, presented in Security Council after the occupation of that country, relative coordination on question of nuclear case of Iran, are among the important measures by Russia for having closer relations with the United States. The purpose of the present article to study the relations of the United States with Russia, especially recent measures by the United States in Eastern Europe which has led to strained relations between the two. The question raised by the paper is what particular behavior of the United States caused resentment and threat to Russia and what reaction Russia have had to them? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - The social dialectic of space ad culture Recognition and sociological explanation of spatial distribution of culture in Arak
باقر saroukhani mehdi mobaraki منصور وثوقیApplying spatial justice, this paper tries to probe deeply into the true nature of objectified culture in Arak. Our ultimate goal is to recognize the position and role of culture in urban planning system, attribution and distribution of cultural applications as the plat MoreApplying spatial justice, this paper tries to probe deeply into the true nature of objectified culture in Arak. Our ultimate goal is to recognize the position and role of culture in urban planning system, attribution and distribution of cultural applications as the platform for the gestation of cultural activities. It also tries to determine the conformity of these spaces with the needs and cultural eligibility of citizens. The primary question around which this study hinges on is whether the spatial distribution of culture in Arak is just. To do so, quantitative and qualitative data are collected and analyzed simultaneously. A survey is conducted to collect quantitative data pertaining to the amount and type of cultural demands and variables related to eligibility. Moreover, the sampling methods is PPS. Secondary analysis is used to gather information about the distribution of cultural land use in Arak and GIS software is applied to localize the obtained data. According to the results, the patterns of spatial distribution of culture in the examined areas of Arak are problematic, inefficient and unjust. Additionally, the distribution of cultural facilities in urban areas is limited, inefficient and unequal. Also, there is no significant relationship between public interest and the cultural needs and eligibility of citizens in the urban areas studied Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - paradigmatic model of organizing the periphery of Kerman city
Azade MosaviThe current research was conducted with the aim of providing a paradigmatic model of organizing the outskirts of Kerman. In terms of the objective, the present research is applied in terms of the qualitative method of the grand theory type (Strauss and Corbin). The targ MoreThe current research was conducted with the aim of providing a paradigmatic model of organizing the outskirts of Kerman. In terms of the objective, the present research is applied in terms of the qualitative method of the grand theory type (Strauss and Corbin). The target community in this study was the people responsible for the organization of the outskirts of Kerman city, and conceptual saturation was achieved with a sample size of 18 people. The purposeful sampling method and research tool in this research is semi-structured interview. Reliability was obtained with the intra-subject agreement method of 0.78 and the face validity of the interview text was confirmed by experts. The findings include 56 categories in open coding and 45 categories of central coding and 5 categories of selective coding. The results showed that the method of organizing the outskirts of the city currently includes destruction; Discharge; Improvements (limited to inadequate measures) have been implemented, but these measures have not been effective. The strategies for organizing the edge of the city suggested by the experts include the implementation of the green belt plan of Kerman city; elimination of the conflict of interest of the organs; improvement along with the empowerment and participation of marginalized people; using experts in the implementation of projects; Determining the rules of organization and the necessity of their implementation; Placing the property is subject to possession. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - .The social dialectics of space ad culture: Recognition and a sociological explanation of spatial distribution
mehdi mobaraki .Bagher .Sarookhani .Mansoor .Vosooghi.Applying spatial justice, this paper tries to probe deeply into the true nature of objectified culture in Arak. Our ultimate goals are to recognize the position and role of culture in urban planning systems, and also understand the attribution and distri More.Applying spatial justice, this paper tries to probe deeply into the true nature of objectified culture in Arak. Our ultimate goals are to recognize the position and role of culture in urban planning systems, and also understand the attribution and distribution of cultural applications as the platform for the formation of cultural activities. It also tries to determine the conformity of these spaces with cultural needs and eligibility of citizens. To do so, quantitative and qualitative data are collected and analyzed simultaneously. A survey is conducted to collect quantitative data pertaining to the amount and type of cultural demands and eligibility. Moreover, the sampling methods is PPS. Secondary analysis is used to gather information about the distribution of cultural land use in Arak and GIS software is applied to localize the obtained data. According to the results, the patterns of spatial distribution of culture in the examined areas of Arak are problematic, inefficient and unjust. Additionally, the distribution of cultural facilities in urban areas is limited, inefficient and unequal. Also, there is no significant relationship between public interests and the cultural needs and eligibility of citizens in the urban areas studied Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Analyzing the theory of "social interest" in Forough Farrokhzad's poems based on Alfred Adler's individualistic psychology
Khadijeh Fooladi Applying scientific-literary theories in criticizing literary texts and reading them is a method that is very popular and used in research recently due to its solid and analyzable method and style. Psychological theories have a special and More Applying scientific-literary theories in criticizing literary texts and reading them is a method that is very popular and used in research recently due to its solid and analyzable method and style. Psychological theories have a special and valuable place among different fields that can be discussed around literary texts. Individualistic psychology was founded by Alfred Adler and one of the theories in this individualistic psychology is the theory of social interest. In this article, which is done in a descriptive-analytical way based on document analysis and the method of library studies, the poems of Forough Farrokhzad are analyzed and investigated based on the theory of social interest based on Adler's individualistic psychology. The results of the research show that the social interest in Forough Farrokhzad's poems is very strong in paying attention to his fellow men, especially women. The component of despair and loneliness in his poems makes it possible to consider him as an isolated personality type. Forough is a poet whose desired perfection is to reach a world where his fellows, especially the women of the society, are in safety and peace. In general, it can be said that the social interest in the existence of Forough is summarized in the effort to create better conditions for their fellows, especially women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Study of the effect of socio-economic base and degree of religiosity on lifestyle among students
ebrahim mirzaei ahmadali hesabi masoumeh mirzaei ahmadali hesabiLifestyle as a phenomenon influenced by the consequences of modernity, It can represent a large part of consumption of different economic and cultural goods among people. The lifestyle of individuals and social groups is one of many factors at different macro levels suc MoreLifestyle as a phenomenon influenced by the consequences of modernity, It can represent a large part of consumption of different economic and cultural goods among people. The lifestyle of individuals and social groups is one of many factors at different macro levels such as factors Ethnic or cultural, such as religion, and at the level of reason, such as gender and ethnicity. But how much each of these factors can affect the formation and lifestyle is an empirical problem. To achieve this, we need empirical research. Given that people in the community have different socio-economic bases;Suitable for their economic and social situation, the choice of material and consumer goods. In other words, the status of the base of individuals in the community has a facilitating or restrictive role in choosing their lifestyle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Investigating the Effects of Financial Repression on Private Investment in Agriculture Sector
Abdolmajid Jalaee Sima Shafei Mina JavadiniaOne of the present phenomena that virtually explain weaknesses in financial systems of different countries is financial repression. Financial repression encompasses the different interferences of governments in financial markets through determining the ceiling interest MoreOne of the present phenomena that virtually explain weaknesses in financial systems of different countries is financial repression. Financial repression encompasses the different interferences of governments in financial markets through determining the ceiling interest on bank deposits, high rates of legal reserves, and the government’s interference in distribution of bank credits,which prevents the efficient performance of financial market for better allocating resources and funds. On the other hand, investment in agricultural sector enjoys a significant importance due to the growth of production and employment in this sector and rooting for the same notions in other economic sectors. Regarding the fact that the subject matter of the current paper is of utmost importance, it tries to investigate the impacts of financial repression on investments in agricultural sector. In order to realize this objective, measures such as the size of the government in economy, the measure for financial intermediation of banks, and the ratio of savings to GDP (Gross Domestic Product) were utilized as the factors for financial repression. The regression results of ARDL showed that the effects from the measures of government size in economy and financial intermediation of banks had a negative and significant impact on private investment in agricultural sector. This means that the bigger the size of government in economy the less the willingness of the private sector for investing in agriculture. Moreover, regarding the fact that the majority of banks in Iran are governmental, the measure for financial intermediation of banks had a negative and significant impact on private investment of agricultural sector. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Analyzing the Conditions and Contexts Affecting the Institutionalized Branding of Saderat Bank from Media Advertisements using the Contextual Theory Method
Akram Salari SeyedAlireza Afshani Shadi ZabetThe purpose of this research is to present the desired institutionalized branding model of Saderat Bank using the grounded theory approach. The target population of the research is public relations and marketing experts, who were selected using purposeful and theoretica MoreThe purpose of this research is to present the desired institutionalized branding model of Saderat Bank using the grounded theory approach. The target population of the research is public relations and marketing experts, who were selected using purposeful and theoretical sampling in the number of 14 people. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview, and the data analysis was done in three stages of open, central and selective coding. The findings show that in order to improve the brand of Saderat Bank, platforms must be provided to increase its production. These platforms include 3 causal conditions (economic turmoil, strategic advertising planning, bank mission), 4 background conditions (interactive behavior of the bank, competitive advertising based on knowledge, justification of banking plans, professional ethics), 4 intervening conditions (disappointment of customer trust, pathology of advertising) 9 strategies (targeted advertising strategies, customer relationship management, quality of interactions and customer relationship, key factors in CRM implementation, strategic advertising leadership, audience-based advertising evaluation, social management of advertising, creation of opportunities new, advertisement renewal strategy) and 4 consequences (brand development, continuous improvement of performance, convergence of interests, alignment of interests). Based on this, institutionalized branding in the minds of customers shows itself through advertisements in different formats and by developing a suitable model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Security Issues in the Indo-Pacific Region: India’s Strategic ‘Plurilateral’ Engagement
Peu Ghosh Akshat Mehta -
Open Access Article
141 - The political and Administrative Justice in Civil Society
Babak Baseri Ali Faghih Habibi -
Open Access Article
142 - The Analysis of the Developments in South West Asia Geopolitical Interests (Case study: Geopolitical Developments in Yemen)
Nabiallah Rashnoo -
Open Access Article
143 - Investigating Political Development in Strengthening Sustainable Security in Sistan and Baluchestan Province
Mohammad Miran AhmadAli Khosravi Saeid Khosravi -
Open Access Article
144 - Rational Choice Theory: An Overview
Mohammadreza Kari -
Open Access Article
145 - The effect of exchange rate fluctuations and oil prices on the stock index of companies during the corona conflict
mozhgan khodaverdi amirreza keyghobadihe spread of the virus (Quid 19) since January 2017 in Wuhan, China has caused many diseases and deaths in the world. The consequences of this virus have caused recession and other global problems so that even developed countries claim to have social health systems. Adv Morehe spread of the virus (Quid 19) since January 2017 in Wuhan, China has caused many diseases and deaths in the world. The consequences of this virus have caused recession and other global problems so that even developed countries claim to have social health systems. Advanced were in trouble. Questions or hypotheses including: a) The main questions of the research: Does the financial crisis of Corona have a significant impact on the stock index of selected listed companies? Model sub-questions: Do currency crises have a significant effect on the stock index of selected stock exchange companies? Do oil crises have a significant effect on the stock index of selected stock exchange companies? Sub-hypotheses of the research: Currency crises have a significant effect on the stock index of selected listed companies. Oil crises have a significant impact on the stock index of selected listed companies. The statistical population is all companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange Organization that the research return time period is seven years between 1392 and 1399. The method used in the present study is descriptive-analytical, which in order to adapt economic theories to the realities of society, the relationships between variables are examined using statistics and after matching the theories, using From the inferential statistics and econometric method of the panel in Iveys software, the rejection or proof of the presented hypotheses is tested. All three models were accepted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Evaluating the effect of deposit interest tax on the bank deposits
Younes Teymouri Faramarz Tahmasebi Nader MehreganExtended Abstract This study analyzes and evaluates the effects of deposit interest tax on the quantity of bank deposits. Examining the experience of the past few decades of the country's economy shows that deposit interest tax never been applied and no historical an MoreExtended Abstract This study analyzes and evaluates the effects of deposit interest tax on the quantity of bank deposits. Examining the experience of the past few decades of the country's economy shows that deposit interest tax never been applied and no historical and informational records have been created for it. Therefore, the evaluation of a policy that has not been carried out so far is inherently complicated and has limitations. In this research, in order to reduce the consequences of such restrictions, bank deposit interest rate changes have been considered as an alternative to deposit interest tax. The effect of bank interest rate changes on the quantity of deposits is estimated in the form of an econometric model and with the ARDL method, in which the effect of two variables, the informal market exchange rate and the gross domestic product, is also analyzed. The estimation results show that the real GDP has not been able to statistically affect the amount of deposits. But on the other hand, the exchange rate of the informal market is one of the things that significantly affects the amount of deposits. Based on the designed model, in addition to the estimated coefficient, the effect of the deposit interest tax on the amount of deposits, depends on the nominal rate of deposit interest in the banking system and the inflation rate in the economy.. Purpose Tax exemption of bank deposit interest is one of the topics discussed in the Iran's tax system in recent decades. The existence of this exemption in the Iran's economic history is probably aimed for stabilizing economic fluctuations and supporting investors by attracting resources to the banking system. But the results of the analysis of the effect of this exemption show that its costs are more than the benefits. The implications of the tax on deposit interest, which is part of the benchmark tax system (BTS), and the prevailing difficult economic conditions in recent years due to external factors such as international sanctions, are two things that make it necessary to implementation of this tax for Iran's economy. Moreover, a comparative study in this field also shows that deposit interest is taxed in most countries, although at different rates. However, each of them have different approaches in applying this type of tax according to the state of technical and executive infrastructures and the quality of policy making. One of the difficulties of examining the issue is that in the economic history of the country, tax on bank deposit interest has never been applied and no historical and information records have been created for it. Therefore, the policy that has not been implemented until now, its evaluation is inherently complicated and has limitations. In this report, to reduce the consequences of such limitations, bank deposit interest rate changes are considered as an alternative to deposit interest tax. For this reason, such a choice has been made that the application of tax on bank deposit interest implicitly means the change of the said interest rate. However, changes in bank deposit interest rates are different in nature from changes in tax rates on deposit interest. Due to the choice made in the method of achieve to goals of this study, it is necessary to study and analyze the bank interest rate and the effects of its change on the amount of deposits theoretically and empirically. Then, in the next step of the report, the method of evaluating the effects of bank interest rate changes and the econometric model used for this purpose will be examined. Finally, the findings of this evaluation and policy recommendations based on those findings are presented in the final part of the report. Of course, it is an attempt to give recommendations to the limitations that exist in applying findings of the research, attention has been paid and considering these limitations, recommendations and policy measures have been proposed. Methodology The analysis of this study is derived from the analytical framework of brokers' behavior in financial markets, which is presented under basic assumptions such as pursuing maximum profit and utility by brokers. In Iran's economy, due to the prevailing price fluctuations and instability in the last few decades, it is more likely to accept the strong assumptions that form the hard core of the aforementioned analytical framework. But what is important here is whether the transfer of resources and assets from the banking system to other markets was significant enough to affect the performance of other markets. Therefore, the test of the effects of changing the deposit interest rate in this study is the answer to the mentioned question. The variables whose effect is tested on the volume of non-visual deposits (thousand billion Rials) are; Bank deposit interest rate (percentage), informal market exchange rate (Rials), GDP (billion Rials), whose data are used for the period 1361-1400. The method used for the above effectiveness test is the Autoregressive with distributed lags model (ARDL), which is performed using Eviews software. Finding The purpose of studying the relationship between the bank interest rate and the volume of non-visual deposits was evaluating the effect of the deposit interest tax on the volume of deposits. The comparison of the results of all three states that were displayed in the recent tables, induces this view to the reader that the third state; Considering the lowest tax rate that is levied, the small deposit withdrawal that happens from the banking system, and the relatively favorable revenue collection capacity that can be received, it is a suitable option for levying the bank deposit interest tax. Of course, the tax rate of 3% on bank deposit interest can be the beginning of the gradual process of levying tax on deposit interest. The gradual process of implementing this policy will be a useful issue due to the sensitivity of the tax on deposit interest. Conclusion Therefore, by fixing the mentioned rates, the effect of deposit interest tax has been analyzed in three cases of 5%, 10% and 3% tax rates. Based on the findings of the model, taking into account the bank interest rate of 20% and the inflation rate of 40% for the economy, applying a tax rate of 3% (10%) will reduce 23 billion Tomans (77 billion Tomans) of deposits from the banking system in one year Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Investigating the Relationship Between Interest Rates and Liquidity in Tejarat Bank
Ali Akbar Baghestani Reza RahimiInterest rates are one of the most effective channels of money transfer. Interest ratescan potentially affect the economy as a whole by determining the level of manyeconomic variables such as investment, capital flows, credit demand, bankprofitability, liquidity and exc MoreInterest rates are one of the most effective channels of money transfer. Interest ratescan potentially affect the economy as a whole by determining the level of manyeconomic variables such as investment, capital flows, credit demand, bankprofitability, liquidity and exchange rates. Since the profit curve can absorb andpredict the future progress of the economy, it is expected that by creating theconditions for future expectations, it will affect the behavior and profit of the bankin creating more liquidity. Therefore, in this study, Auto Regressive Distributed Lag(ARDL) model was used to investigate the effect of interest rates on liquidity. Theresults showed that the variables of interest rates and capital have a positive andsignificant effect on liquidity, while inflation has a negative effect. Therefore, achange in bank interest rates will lack the necessary efficiency to stimulate the realsector of the economy. Determining bank interest rates without considering changesin inflation rates cannot explain why there is no savings in banks. In order forgovernments to be able to provide the central bank with the tools it needs tostimulate the real sector of the economy, it is essential that efforts be made to reduceeconomic risk in addition to empowering the central bank to rationalize bank interestrates. In this case, the central bank will be able to use bank interest rates as anefficient tool to manage liquidity and convert it into investment and productionflows. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Investigating the Relationship Between Interest Rate, Exchange Rate and Herding Behavior in TSE
Roya Darabi Hossein Rajabdorri manoochehr khoraminThe purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between the interest rate, exchange rate and herding behavior in Tehran Stock Exchange. This research is applied to the target and its statistical society includes all companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exc MoreThe purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between the interest rate, exchange rate and herding behavior in Tehran Stock Exchange. This research is applied to the target and its statistical society includes all companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. The studied period is 2012 to 2016 and the sample is 2055 daily views. To test the hypothesis of the research, regression method of least squares was used. The findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between exchange rate and interest rate with herding behavior in all cases of daily and weekly and all levels of 1%, 5%, and 10%. Also, the effect of interest rates and exchange rates on herding behavior is higher in the more limited periods (daily or weekly) and at the lower levels (1%, 5%, and 10%), and with increasing time intervals and disclosure, this herding is reduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - Impact of Monetary PolicyonInterest Rate in Iran
Zahra KeshavarzMohammadian Oranous Parivar Ali HasanzadehMonetary policy is considered as one of the main economic tools, accompanying fiscal policies in forming a set of powerful items for applying economic policies.The main role ofmonetarypolicyis controlling money volume and liquidity.This paper reviews the impact of monet MoreMonetary policy is considered as one of the main economic tools, accompanying fiscal policies in forming a set of powerful items for applying economic policies.The main role ofmonetarypolicyis controlling money volume and liquidity.This paper reviews the impact of monetary policy on interest rate in Iran during 1352-1385 via OLS.To this aim, the relation between money volume and interest rate is investigated through ordinary least square method. The results indicate that money volume has on direct effect on interest rate. In addition, there is a direct relation between consumer price index and interest rate. Finally, a direct relation between national income and interest rate is concluded. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Investigating the Impacts of Teacher-Student Interactions on Improving Learners' Academic Achievements: The Role of Academic Interest
Nafiseh Asadzadeh Masoud Zoghi Nader Assadi -
Open Access Article
151 - The reflection of Shia jurisprudence in the legal system of Islamic countries, a case study: economic analysis of banking civil partnership contracts
Mohammad Javad Mirzaei abbas Magdari Amiri mohamad alamzadehBackground and Purpose:The partnership contracts are one of the obvious methods for allocating the resources in without usury banking and the purpose of partnership contract is "contribution contract" in juridical books which the parties by merging each other’s pr MoreBackground and Purpose:The partnership contracts are one of the obvious methods for allocating the resources in without usury banking and the purpose of partnership contract is "contribution contract" in juridical books which the parties by merging each other’s properties and capitals, agree to cooperate in a specific business and share the profit and loss between themselves in proportion to their portion. However, in practice banks use a category of contracts to decrease the risk of repayment of such loans, increase of profit and avoid from imperative profit rate.Method: The present research was carried out using a descriptive and analytical method.Findings and results: added some conditions in the contracts of guarantee, settlement of account, donation and etc. in order to reach the fixed rate of profit they expect in exchange contracts in the form of partnership. Including such conditions in such a contracts lead to substantive exit of contract from common definition of partnership contract. But the operation of banks in economic analysis of law is nothing except to try to earn profit and avoid loss based on the theory of reasonable behavior in economy. So, it seems the first step to amend this defective cycle is consider the problem of inflation and decrease of value of money as one of the facts in country's economy. The solution is to finance partnership projects by banking investment funds or it is independent from banks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - The challenges of monitoring and investigating the deviations of members of Islamic councils from their legal duties with an emphasis on good governance
hasan karimifardField and Aims: One of the constant concerns of jurists from the past until now has been to establish an impartial and fair authority to match the actions and decisions of governmental and non-governmental institutions and authorities with the law and apply the rule of MoreField and Aims: One of the constant concerns of jurists from the past until now has been to establish an impartial and fair authority to match the actions and decisions of governmental and non-governmental institutions and authorities with the law and apply the rule of law to the above-mentioned institutions and authorities, so that it can at the same time Monitoring the decision-making process of governmental and non-governmental institutions and authorities to ensure the accuracy and validity of the aforementioned decisions and actions.Method: The present research was carried out using a descriptive-analytical method.Finding and Conclusion: Islamic city and village councils, as a non-governmental public institution, establish actions and decisions in relation to voters that may affect their rights and freedoms. Therefore, there is a possibility of abuse of powers and in other words encroachment on public and national interests by some members or city and village Islamic councils. The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in the 155th and 166th Principles, determines the limits of the competences of the aforementioned institution and demands the conformity of the councils' approvals with the standards of Islam and the laws of the country. Finally, it has specified the liquidation in general. The following article aims to examine the performance and duties of the dispute resolution and complaint handling committees of the Islamic councils. The claim of the present research is that strengthening the supervision of members through judicial authorities, resolving legal ambiguities, and preparing and approving the procedure for dealing with violations are important solutions to improve the supervision of the actions and performance of members of Islamic councils. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Interest in the banking system with emphasis on compound interest in Iranian laws and international documents
علی دیزجی حسین مهرپور علیرضا مظوم رهنیField and Aims: In the modern financial system, it is accepted that banks operate for profit and interest, and the traditional view that banks are only money trustees is rejected today. Therefore, the issue of bank interest is always considered as a means of earning. In MoreField and Aims: In the modern financial system, it is accepted that banks operate for profit and interest, and the traditional view that banks are only money trustees is rejected today. Therefore, the issue of bank interest is always considered as a means of earning. Income is considered for banks. Although in Islamic banking, interest is considered usury and its receipt is prohibited. Based on this, in this research, we are looking to investigate what is the position of interest and especially compound interest in Iran's banking system and international documents, and do the laws emphasize its validity?Method: This article is written in analytical-descriptive method.Findings and Conclusions: In Article 713 of the Code of Civil Procedure approved in 1939, the lawmaker had explicitly prohibited the claim for damages, and on this basis, during the rule of the said law, the claim for damages for delay in payment or the claim for damages for damages was permissible beyond the uniformity of procedure No. 1458 dated 1327 15/9/2015, apart from damages for delay and litigation damages, the Supreme Court excluded all damages from the scope of Article 713 of the aforementioned law. However, in the Civil Procedure Law approved in 2000, there is no rule prohibiting damages from damages, but the legislator established a new one as described in Note 2. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - Criteria for determining the types of invalidity of contracts in Iranian and French law
Seyyed Mohammad Taghi Karim Pour AlehashemField and Aims: The present work has delved into the field of discovering a scientific-applied method to detect and determine the types of nullity (absolute, relative and non-existence) of the contract in the laws of Iran and France. In the laws of these two countries, MoreField and Aims: The present work has delved into the field of discovering a scientific-applied method to detect and determine the types of nullity (absolute, relative and non-existence) of the contract in the laws of Iran and France. In the laws of these two countries, in order to distinguish the types and examples of invalidity, three general criteria are used: "Conditions of the validity of the contract", " uninforceability " and "Public interests versus private interests" and the latter criterion is the main criterion for selection and entered into the civil law. France has also become new. Considering the inadequacy of the mentioned criteria, the purpose of the present research was to discover a regular and new method to determine and recognize the types of invalidity in the laws of these two countries.Methodology: The research was done in a descriptive-analytical way and the information was collected in a library way.Findings and Conclusions: While examining the concept and examples of the above three criteria, this article has first turned away from the criterion of " uninforceability " on the occasion of its independence against the guarantee of "Nullity" implementation; Secondly, it has not recognized any of the above criteria as a general criterion for recognizing the type of invalidity; Thirdly, instead of the dominant criterion, he liked the criterion of "public order versus private and public interest"; Fourthly, he has proposed new criteria such as "rules of commandment", "reason", "customs of commandment" and "justice"; Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - The position and function of the public interest in the international system from the perspective of a systematic analysis of international law
Hassan Alizadeh shilesar Askar Jalalian Hossein AlekajbafField and Aims:The International Society is an area of public interest that has moved from bilateralism to multilateralism with an emphasis on shared values. Systematic solidarity and interaction are needed to create such a society. Systems theory is a set of rules abou MoreField and Aims:The International Society is an area of public interest that has moved from bilateralism to multilateralism with an emphasis on shared values. Systematic solidarity and interaction are needed to create such a society. Systems theory is a set of rules about the relationships between variables in which a change in variables accompanies or precedes the change of others or a combination of them. The present article seeks to answer the question of how the position and function of the public interest can be explained from the perspective of a systematic analysis of international law. The purpose of this study is to explain the position of public interest in order to create stability in the international system.Method: The present research was carried out in a prescriptive-mandatory way.Findings and results: a system in its ideal state is based on regular relationships among a set of norms that distributes the values and interests of its members; In such a situation, the stability of the system will depend on the convergence and dependence of the members in accordance with the macro goals of the system; This will be possible with the commitment to the interests of all, which is in line with the system norms. If the interests of the governments are presented as a common good, with the support of the system structure, it can increase the costs of norm violations, and in this way, the stability of the international system increases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - A Survey of the factors affecting on bank deposits absorption, case study: Saderat bank of Iran
Safyar amini Somayah mohammadi Sayied fakhraldin fakhr hosainiThe banks have important duties in economy including equipment of saving and brokerage, payments flowing, allocation of credits and maintenance of financial order. Even in economies with development financial markets , the banks are in the center of economic and financi MoreThe banks have important duties in economy including equipment of saving and brokerage, payments flowing, allocation of credits and maintenance of financial order. Even in economies with development financial markets , the banks are in the center of economic and financial activities and very important for applying of moneytary policies. The aim of this study is to survey of the factors affecting on bank deposits absorption on Saderat bank of Iran during 2131- 13(2919-1332). The results show that real per capita income and Number of bank branches have the most affects on volume of long run deposits. also the volume of previous period affects on current and interest-free deposits whereas inflation and population have a little positive affecting on deposits volume in saderat bank Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - Kant and the general of interested- aesthetic judgments
ًRozita Rashedi Mohammad Shokry Ali MoradkhaniKant considers the nature of rules of the taste to be interested, but at the same time believes that an objective basis can be found for the totality of these rulings in the power of judgment. First, given the coexistence of subjective and intersubjective elements in Ka MoreKant considers the nature of rules of the taste to be interested, but at the same time believes that an objective basis can be found for the totality of these rulings in the power of judgment. First, given the coexistence of subjective and intersubjective elements in Kant's theory of interest, what relation does he establish between the subjective and the intersubjective judgments of taste? To answer this question, in the first part, while examining the logical features of the aesthetical sentence, we show that this sentence, in his view, is an aesthetic sentence that is issued in complete freedom and autonomy of the subject and by the other has a certain kind of general validity in its content. This kind of general validity, since it is purely based on transcendental structures which are common among all judgmental subjects, also has an intersubjective aspect, which Kant calls the names of subjective generality, aesthetic generality, and universal validity. Second, how does Kant strike a relation between the subjective and the intersubjective? To answer this question, in the second part, we argue that Kant, although he believes in the subjectivity of the judgment of taste, considers this subjectivity to be of a special kind, which is the other aspect of intersubjectivity. For this purpose, we first try to explain the meaning of the subjectivity of the judgment of interest, and then to clarify the intersubjective aspect of this meaning. Finally, we show that Kant, based on the intersubjective validity he finds in the judgment of interest, considers the faculty of interest as a capacity for empathy between subjects and to bring them out of isolation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - India's Multilateral and Multilateral Commitment to Iran and Israel: Reasons and Consequences
reza simbar danial rezapoour sedighe azin ali eskandarinasabsuccess in rapid development with economic practice has led india to become one of the most dynamic countries in the global economy and secondly to be regarded as a new powerhouse of wealth and power in the world . The necessity of the country's economic development one Moresuccess in rapid development with economic practice has led india to become one of the most dynamic countries in the global economy and secondly to be regarded as a new powerhouse of wealth and power in the world . The necessity of the country's economic development one hand and the broad change in the international system imposes a new orientation on the foreign policy of this country in the Middle East and to Israel and Iran. , for changing the policy of the Middle East policy, the policy adopted in the Cold War era was defined in the light of the principle of non - commitment to a policy that was redefined by the new urgency of the Indian national interest. therefore , according to the above arrangements , the main question of this paper is that , considering the alternatives to india , the foreign policy of india with regard to israel and iran has changed . the hypothesis of the paper is that india's foreign policy in the Middle East region from ideological policy and the third world based on non - commitment principles is based on policies based on the necessity of access to energy and gas resources, markets, military weapons. The present paper is based on the descriptive - analytic method and by the use of virtual resources , specialized publications , and in terms of subject territory of this paper examines the policy of India 's multiple commitments towards the countries of Iran and Israel Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - Canadian government,s policy in the field of conflict of interest; A case study of the 2016-2023 period in the Justin Trudeau government
Farahnaz Ajori seyed esmaeil hosseinigoliConflict of interest is the conflict between the duties and responsibilities of a person in relation to the process of examining the private, professional, commercial or public interests of that person. Managing conflict of interest is one of the methods of preventing c MoreConflict of interest is the conflict between the duties and responsibilities of a person in relation to the process of examining the private, professional, commercial or public interests of that person. Managing conflict of interest is one of the methods of preventing corruption, increasing transparency, efficiency, accountability and public trust in the government. The conflict between personal interests and public interests is something that most government officials face; Therefore, it must be properly managed, otherwise it can lead to corruption. The purpose of this research is to investigate the policy of the Canadian government in the field of conflict of interest, which has been studied in the period of 2016-2023 in the government of Justin Trudeau. This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of research method, and in terms of the purpose of The type of research is applied and based on library research and review of documents and records. The review of the trends presented in the annual conflict of interest reports showed that, according to the policies adopted by Justin Trudeau's government in 2015, the codes and indicators presented in the studied time frame, the reduction of the conflict of interest in several sectors, including ethical norms, It has shown social and value that the performance of this structure has been well objectified in the performance of government officials. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Foreign Policy Encounters between Russia and the U.S. in Georgia
Habibollah Abolhassan Shirazi Zabihollah NaderAbstract Georgia’s declaration on independence in April 1991 and after the collapse of the USSR followed a policy which makes it independent of Russia and close relations with the US and its western allies. After the Rose revolution in 2003 and the election of t MoreAbstract Georgia’s declaration on independence in April 1991 and after the collapse of the USSR followed a policy which makes it independent of Russia and close relations with the US and its western allies. After the Rose revolution in 2003 and the election of the new president Mikhail Saakashvili, one of his first tasks was to consolidate its power and to deal with the situation in Georgia’s three autonomous regions- Ajar, Abkhazia and South Ossetia. After five years of efforts for managing peacefully the two other conflict regions, confrontation with Russia came to a new phase. Russia was supporting separatists of Abkhazia and South Ossetia to justify its presence in and outside of the border of Georgia. As a matter of fact, relations between Russia and Georgia have reached a new low. At the center of their quarrel are Georgia’s secessionist regions, Abkhazia and South Ossetia. The relations of the country with western actors acquired new dynamics, especially considering the solid US support before and during the events. Saakashvili openly stated that membership in the EU and NATO is his main priority. Increasing of the presence of Americans in Georgia and withdrawing of Russians troops from the territory of Georgia, encouraged the Georgians to start new efforts for the settlements of Ossetia’s conflict. Georgia attacked Tskhinvali, the capital, in august 2008 and captured this city. But it was not to be expected, fast response, intense lightning and Russia to these proceedings. down and recognized the independence of these regions.This paper explores the challenges facing the Russian and American policymakers in Georgian territory and attempted to causes and roots of developments in the South Caucasus region in terms of foreign policy of Russia and America should be analyzed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Rethinking Security Institutions from the Perspective of International Relations Theories
Tahereh EbrahimifarInternational Relations (IR) obtained a rigid image of security institutions in the Cold War era. This image, of course, stemmed from the security and ideological equations in the divided world between two main blocks so-called the West and the East. Shifting from the r MoreInternational Relations (IR) obtained a rigid image of security institutions in the Cold War era. This image, of course, stemmed from the security and ideological equations in the divided world between two main blocks so-called the West and the East. Shifting from the rationalist perspective to the Reflectivity one, IR theorization after the Cold War developed the study of the security institutions. In the context of the Post-cold War era, one can consider the security institutions from the Rationalist/ reflectivity perspectives based on a theoretical synthesis including Neoliberal Institutionalism, Defensive Realism, English School, Constructivism and Copenhagen School. In this article, authors attempt to apply the five concepts of interests, threat perceptions, society, identity and urgency from the aforementioned theories respectively on the amount of explication entity of security institutions after the Cold War. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - The Origins of Ukraine Crisis and Its Impact on Islamic Republic of Iran’s National Interest
Ehsan Fallahi Asdollah AmeriAbstract In the age of globalization, political, economic and military issues have intertwined. So crisis in one region affects the interests of actors in the other regions. Ukraine as one of the Soviet Republics survivors had been faced with multiple crises, which Zen MoreAbstract In the age of globalization, political, economic and military issues have intertwined. So crisis in one region affects the interests of actors in the other regions. Ukraine as one of the Soviet Republics survivors had been faced with multiple crises, which Zenith of it was United States and Russia Confrontation about Crimea Peninsula. This article tries to answer the following question: what are the origins of Ukraine Crisis in 2014? And what is the impact of Russia and United states confrontations in Ukraine crisis on Iran national interest? “Ukraine crisis has origin in Competition of U.S.A and Russia that has emerged in Orange and Blue Revaluation. This crisis has strengthened the relations between Tehran- Moscow, in order to fulfill Iran's national interests. To test this claim, Iran’s National interests have been investigated in local, regional and international level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Rethinking Security Institutions from the Perspective of International Relations Theories
Faeze Moradi Haghighi Ahmad Movaseghi GilaniAbstract: International Relations (IR) obtained a rigid image of security institutions in the Cold War era. This image, of course, stemmed from the security and ideological equations in the divided world between two main blocks so-called the West and the East. Shifting MoreAbstract: International Relations (IR) obtained a rigid image of security institutions in the Cold War era. This image, of course, stemmed from the security and ideological equations in the divided world between two main blocks so-called the West and the East. Shifting from the rationalist perspective to the Reflectivity one, IR theorization after the Cold War developed the study of the security institutions. In the context of the Post-cold War era, one can consider the security institutions from the Rationalist/ reflectivity perspectives based on a theoretical synthesis including Neoliberal Institutionalism, Defensive Realism, English School, Constructivism and Copenhagen School. In this article, authors attempt to apply the five concepts of interests, threat perceptions, society, identity and urgency from the aforementioned theories respectively on the amount of explication entity of security institutions after the Cold War. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Russia's Policy in the Syrian Crisis and Its Consequences on Iran's National Interests
Rouhollah Darayandeh hamid ahmadiAbstract In the past few years, the Syrian crisis has become one of the most important issues in the international system and has attracted worldwide attention. Syria has become competition field for the regional and international powers which each plays a role accordin MoreAbstract In the past few years, the Syrian crisis has become one of the most important issues in the international system and has attracted worldwide attention. Syria has become competition field for the regional and international powers which each plays a role according to their goals and interests. Meanwhile, the Russian Federation has always been one of the most influential international players which has played a decisive role in this field. Hence, In this article the cause and manners of Russia's policies and actions toward the Syrian crisis have been studied. Besides, knowing the fact that developments in Syria and the Russian's approach to it, has direct and indirect implications for the national interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran, a comprehensive review of this topic has also been made. Anyway, the main issue is that what’s Russia's policy on the Syrian crisis and its consequences for Iran's national interests? The hypothesis suggests that Russia's policy in the Syrian crisis is an attempt to create a balance in the international system and confronting existing threats posed by the United States over the security and national interests of the country which is in line with Iranian policies that provide its national interests. Nevertheless, differences in the attitudes of the two countries and their types of activism can create challenges. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - The Behavior Study of Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran toward crises inside Chechnya, Bosnia, Palestine in the form of Ideology and National Interest
Ardeshir SanaeiAbstract Foreign policy intensifies a country ordination regarding to the international political structure. Each country is required to design an active and dynamic foreign policy aiming to operating within the international context. The national benefit is taken in ac MoreAbstract Foreign policy intensifies a country ordination regarding to the international political structure. Each country is required to design an active and dynamic foreign policy aiming to operating within the international context. The national benefit is taken in account as a framework that based on that approaches and appliances of the foreign policy are organized. In the other word, achievement of national interest play role as an intensifier for state foreign policies. Due to its particular identity in the foreign policy that emerges its dimensions and decisions adapted with the Islamic regulations, Iran has a type of performance different from the other countries. Within the present study focus is on those decisions and the actions taken by the diplomacy organism of Islamic Republic of Iran within the three critical districts of Chechnya, Bosnia, and Palestine. Regarding the fact that system of Iranian diplomacy and legislation is based on the Islamic ideology, a comparative comparison study is conducted on these three districts. Necessity of adaptation between the Iranian foreign diplomacy and these criterions and also the national interest are discussed through the research. The questions that this study attempts to response includes: what kinds of actions have been operated by the Islamic Republic of Iran confronting with events of these three districts? Moreover, do the actionshave been adapted with the Islamic ideology or the national interests, or constitution? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - The Behavior Study of foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran toward crises inside Chechnya; Bosnia; Palestine in the form of Ideology and National Interest
Ardeshir Sanaei Mona KavianpoorAbstract Foreign policy intensifies a country ordination regarding to the international political structure. Each country is required to design an active and dynamic foreign policy aiming to operating within the international context. The national benefit is taken in a MoreAbstract Foreign policy intensifies a country ordination regarding to the international political structure. Each country is required to design an active and dynamic foreign policy aiming to operating within the international context. The national benefit is taken in account as a framework that based on that approaches and appliances of the foreign policy are organized. In the other word, achievement of national interest play role as an intensifier for state foreign policies. Due to its particular identity in the foreign policy that emerges its dimensions and decisions adapted with the Islamic regulations, Iran has a type of performance different from the other countries. Within the present study focus is on those decisions and the actions taken by the diplomacy organism of Islamic Republic of Iran within the three critical districts of Chechnya, Bosnia, and Palestine. Regarding the fact that system of Iranian diplomacy and legislation is based on the Islamic ideology, a comparative comparison study is conducted on these three districts. Necessity of adaptation between the Iranian foreign diplomacy and these criterions and also the national interest are discussed through the research. The question that this study attempts to response includes: what kinds of actions have been operated by the Islamic Republic of Iran confronting with events of these three districts? Moreover, do the actions have been adapted with the Islamic ideology or the national interests, or constitution? These considerations are perfumed based on the theoretical framework of constructionist approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - The effect of employer brand and its dimensions on employees' satisfaction
Afrooz Sefidgar Hossein VazifehdoustThis research aims at introducing the employer brand as a tool to bring up employees' job satisfaction and investigated their impact. The present study is of practical purpose to collect survey data and do descriptive-correlational analysis. The statistical population i MoreThis research aims at introducing the employer brand as a tool to bring up employees' job satisfaction and investigated their impact. The present study is of practical purpose to collect survey data and do descriptive-correlational analysis. The statistical population is 168 employees of a food production company in Tehran. Empirical data was selected from 125 people as the sample. Examination of the hypotheses was performed through structural equation modelling in SmartPls and the impact of each dimension was examined by multiple regression in Spss. As the results, all hypotheses were confirmed which means employer brand and its dimensions have a positive relation with employees' job satisfaction and they are able to collectively explain 57.6 percent of the employees' job satisfaction's variance. The results of the multiple regression clarified that development value has the highest (52 percent) and interest value has the lowest impact (33 percent) on the employees' job satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - Modeling of Political Communications of the Board of Directors and Credit Risk Empirical Evidence of Iran's Interest-Free Banking System (Dynamic Panel Data Approach
Ali Heydari Ezatullah Abbasian Farzaneh KHaliliThe purpose of This study attempts to investigate the effects of interactions between politically connected CEO (PCCEO), independent directors, and credit risk of banks in an emerging country. It has been widely stated in the theoretical literature that political connec MoreThe purpose of This study attempts to investigate the effects of interactions between politically connected CEO (PCCEO), independent directors, and credit risk of banks in an emerging country. It has been widely stated in the theoretical literature that political connections increase the value of organizations. Political connections may have a positive or negative effect on the performance of the bank. answering the question of whether banks' political connections have a positive or negative impact on their financial performance cannot be answered with certainty. In this study, commercial banks include 16 banks for the period 1390-1396. To collect the required data for the banks listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, the database of Codal publishers was used. The information contained in the performance report of Iranian banks collected by the Higher Institute of Banking of Iran was also used. For investigation of this issue, we employ the SGMM method (System Generalized Method of Moments) or in other words, dynamic GMM approach, and we find politically connected boards to exert significant influence on credit risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - Ranking and comparing factors affecting audit quality from the point of view of different groups using TOPSIS technique
انورخطیبی Anvarkhatibi Rassoul Baradaran Hassanzadeh ALIasghar mottagi Houshang TaghizadehAudit quality is one of the most important topics in the field of auditing and capital market. Determining criteria to determine audit quality is an important issue. Therefore, the current research seeks to rank and compare the factors affecting audit quality from the p MoreAudit quality is one of the most important topics in the field of auditing and capital market. Determining criteria to determine audit quality is an important issue. Therefore, the current research seeks to rank and compare the factors affecting audit quality from the perspective of different groups. According to the type of data, this study is a combination of Delphi and TOPSIS method in order to finalize the factors affecting audit quality from interviews with experts and to rank and check the relationship of these factors, a questionnaire was used. The most important factors affecting audit quality were extracted from TOPSIS method.he results showed that from the point of view of the researchers and professors of the university, the auditor's expertise in the industry, from the point of view of the auditing institutions, the number of chartered accountants under employment, from the point of view of the audit committee members, the number of chartered accountants under employment, and from the point of view of senior financial managers, the quality control score is of high importance compared to other It has factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - The Effect of Auditors’ Inception of Ethical Culture on Professional Values in AuditFirms
zahed ahmadzadeh ahmad Yaghoub NezhadAbstractThe purpose of this study analyzes auditors’ inception of ethical culture. In doing so, the impact of auditors’ inception of ethical culture on professional values in audit firms has been investigated.As theories of moral psychology and organizationa MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study analyzes auditors’ inception of ethical culture. In doing so, the impact of auditors’ inception of ethical culture on professional values in audit firms has been investigated.As theories of moral psychology and organizational behavior claim professional attitudes and behaviors do not depend solely on individual beliefs, but are also influenced by organizational contexts.In order to test research hypotheses, the information of partners, managers, and supervisors of Trusted Auditing Firms of Central Insurance Organization of Iran with the purposive sampling method in 2020 are gathered and analyzed. Furthermore, the questionnaire is used to gather the required data that its validity is confirmed by professional experts. Then the AMOS 24 and Spss24 software are used for analyzing purposes mainly with respect to the model of structural equation. The results of the study Confirm the significant positive relation between auditors’ perception of ethical culture in audit firms and auditors’ commitment to public interest. However, there is a negative relation between auditors’ perception of ethical culture in audit firms and their level of participation in unprofessional behavior. In addition, based on the evidence, there is a meaningful positive relation between ethical acceptance of unprofessional affairs and the participation in an unprofessional behavior.The findings show that auditors’ perception of ethical culture in audit firms could be an influential factor in reducing auditors’ moral deviation and boosting auditors’ commitment to public interest, as well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - survey of Effective Determinants on Small and Medium Size Firms Capital Structure
Nezamodin Rahimian Farzin Rezaei Hossein masteri farahaniThe main purpose of this article is empirical survey of co- determinants on small and medium size firm’s capital structure listed in Tehran stock exchange. The research period was during 1381-1387.samples, including 74 firms. Results of the hypothesis testing usin MoreThe main purpose of this article is empirical survey of co- determinants on small and medium size firm’s capital structure listed in Tehran stock exchange. The research period was during 1381-1387.samples, including 74 firms. Results of the hypothesis testing using multiple regressions (OLS) suggests that between two variables named long term interest bearing debt ratio and short-term debts ratio and firm characteristics named age, size, asset structure, profitability, growth and risk exist significantly positive relationship. Considering the firm size and separating firms with small and medium size large size, Results corroborate that firm characteristics age, size, asset structure, profitability, growth and risk have an impact on long term interest bearing debt ratio and short-term debts ratio. This influence is different in small and medium size firms. Therefore size criterion is effective and its impact on firm characteristics in smaller firms is higher. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - User Classification in a Personalized Recommender System using Learning Automata
Mansoureh Ghiasabadi Farahani Akbar Torkestani Mohsen Rahmani -
Open Access Article
173 - A model to evaluate refah bank of television advertising effectiveness with the structural equation modeling approach in community
korosh saeidi Ali akbar farhangi Mohammad SoltanifarThe aim of this paper is to present a model to evaluate the effectiveness of television advertising in society.The main issue is how this research can be presented a comprehensive model to measure the effectiveness of television advertising? What are the dimensions of a MoreThe aim of this paper is to present a model to evaluate the effectiveness of television advertising in society.The main issue is how this research can be presented a comprehensive model to measure the effectiveness of television advertising? What are the dimensions of advertising effectiveness? What is the relationship between these dimensions?? For this purpose, 384 customers of one bank branch Brtratbary well as sample was selected using multi-stage sampling.The questionnaires were used to measure advertising effectiveness fun size, content, communication, emotional response to advertising, Aad, interest in the brand, brand awareness and brand perception evaluate And reliability based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient of reliability was examined by exploratory factor analysis The research is descriptive and correlational results obtained using structural equation modeling showed TV ads that make a significant difference in the attitudes of the audience to the advertising and In fact audiences to advertisers advertising on attitude, interest in the brand,brand awareness and perception of the brand and even more reluctant to buy influence.According to the results at the end of the conceptual model, the researchers were acceptable proposals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - The Equation Modeling of Social Capital with Social Interest young adults in Shiraz
sousan sahamiThe present study aims to investigate the goodness of fitting index for Social Capital with Social Interest. Social interest means active efforts to promote the welfare of mankind. Social cohesion and social capital to develop appropriate social interest. The population MoreThe present study aims to investigate the goodness of fitting index for Social Capital with Social Interest. Social interest means active efforts to promote the welfare of mankind. Social cohesion and social capital to develop appropriate social interest. The population of this study is chosen from the young adults of Shiraz and the sample consists of 457 people, which were randomly selected through cluster sampling. In this study, the measurement of concepts has been done through researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaire enjoys the required face and content validity. Also, the reliability of the scales was supported by split half reliability and Cronbach''s alpha.Having determined. The measurement models for the latent variables in social interest and social investment, the results revealed that the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) supports the fact that the causal role of Social investment on social interest is positive and the indices supports the Goodness of Fitting Index. Graceful model shows that social capital based on social networks, social trust, political trust, confidence and support of family provokes social interest based on in the welfare of others thinking, empathy, interaction with others Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - Relationships between preserving the interests of the system (IRI) and preserving lives with an approach to the view of Imam Khomeini (may his grave be sanctified)
leila samadzadeh khameneh ebrahim yaghouti seyed abolghasem naghibiThe religious government seeks the help of special rules in governing its society and political system, including expediency.Ignoring the natural and religious interests of individuals is not compatible with the principle of legislation and is not satisfied by the lawgi MoreThe religious government seeks the help of special rules in governing its society and political system, including expediency.Ignoring the natural and religious interests of individuals is not compatible with the principle of legislation and is not satisfied by the lawgiver, the issue of maintaining the system as a religious obligation has been emphasized in various jurisprudential chapters,and this ruling is indicated by all the main and secondary arguments and principles of the Sharia. One of the findings of this article is that maintaining the system and the obligation to save lives is the intention of the Shari'a (religious lawgiver),but in the position of obedience and in times of conflict, the most important interest is carefully preferred to the goals of the Shari'a. The legitimate ruler recognizes the most important thing,which is more expedient,and implements it in the form of government decrees.Maintaining the system based on rules such as the most important rule,the rule of maintaining the system,preventing disruption of the system takes precedence over the expediency of saving lives.This article has been done with the aim of recognizing the relations between the expediency of maintaining system and saving lives in the shadow of describing and analyzing jurisprudential proposition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - A legal look at the reduction of the specificity of the state in the postmodern era with the separation of "public-private" as an element of fundamental thinking.
Mohammad Mirzaeimehr Kheirollah Parvin Abdolkarim ShaheydarThe new form of the government, which is being realized along with diversity, differences and distances, raises questions about the conditions of exercising government power in the societies entered in the postmodern era. With such a situation and by entering into compl MoreThe new form of the government, which is being realized along with diversity, differences and distances, raises questions about the conditions of exercising government power in the societies entered in the postmodern era. With such a situation and by entering into complex relationships of mutual dependence and being present in the competition of various powers with which it is required to combine and pass through multiple lines of rupture, it seems that a significant part of the means of action and its ability to control the transformation Social has lost; The government is no longer considered to be the arena of purity, selflessness and sacrifice, but it is considered the position and position of pursuing individual interests. At present, this thinking has prevailed that the public administration should be efficient and beneficial like a private person, and this efficiency will lead to the realization of good management. According to the research, it should be said; The assumption based on which the public administration, which serves the public interest, is not able to provide efficiency and usefulness gave way to the idea that the administration is required to continuously improve its functions and reduce its costs, just like private individuals; The department is committed to carrying out its missions in the best possible conditions, and taking care of the quality of its support using the best tools and facilities available to it. Therefore, its difference with private institutions is fading. In this research, using a descriptive-analytical method, an attempt has been made to investigate the legality of the reduction of the specificity of the government in the post-modern era by distinguishing "public-private" as an element of fundamental thinking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - The mediating effect of banking system fragility on the relationship between controlling shareholder sensitivity and interest rate divergence
simin rajizadeh Amirhossein Taebi Noghondari Hadis ZeinaliBanks and credit institutions, as one of the main pillars of financial markets, have special vulnerabilities in this field and make them fragile in the face of crises. Depending on their situation, banks offer different interest rates on interest on deposits and facilit MoreBanks and credit institutions, as one of the main pillars of financial markets, have special vulnerabilities in this field and make them fragile in the face of crises. Depending on their situation, banks offer different interest rates on interest on deposits and facilities, which leads to interest rate divergence. This study investigates the mediating effect of banking system fragility on the relationship between the sensitivity of controlling shareholders and interest rate divergence in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In this study, 31 banks and financial institutions listed on the stock exchange were reviewed annually during the years 2011 to 2020. The results of testing the hypotheses using multivariate regression method show that 1- There is a negative and significant relationship between the sensitivity of controlling stakeholders and interest rate divergence. 2- There is a negative and significant relationship between the sensitivity of controlling shareholders and the fragility of the banking system. 3. There is a negative and significant relationship between the fragility of the banking system and interest rate divergence. 4. The fragility of the banking system explains the relationship between the sensitivity of controlling shareholders and interest rate divergence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - Estimation and Comparison of Short-Term Interest Rate Equilibrium Models Using Islamic Treasury Bills
moslem peymany zohreh hooshangiIn the following paper, short-term interest rate is modeled using some of the most prevalent single factor equilibrium models in Iran. In this research, model’s performance is compared to each other using some indicators relating to model fitness, interest volatil MoreIn the following paper, short-term interest rate is modeled using some of the most prevalent single factor equilibrium models in Iran. In this research, model’s performance is compared to each other using some indicators relating to model fitness, interest volatility and interest level changes. For this purpose, Islamic treasury bill yield data were obtained from the period 1394 to 1395 and the models were estimated using generalized method of moments. The findings of this research illustrate that Brennan-Schwartz and CKLS models perform better in interest rate fitness compared to other restricted models. Also, Brennan-Schwartz model show more predictive power than other models. In addition, short-term interest rate of Islamic Treasury Bill exhibit some mean reverting feature and the level of long term mean is estimated as well. Although all the models perform poorly in interest rate volatility fitness, there are some evidences showing that it is sensitive to the level of interest rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Determining the nonlinear effect of the money market interest rate on the Tehran stock exchange by the means of generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model and smooth transition regression (STR) model
Mohammad Mehdiabadi Rahmatollah MohammadipourAmong macroeconomic variables, interest rates are the most important ones; however, the impact of interest rates on prices and returns on the stock exchange is not so clear. In the other words, the relationship between interest rates and stock prices over time is not co MoreAmong macroeconomic variables, interest rates are the most important ones; however, the impact of interest rates on prices and returns on the stock exchange is not so clear. In the other words, the relationship between interest rates and stock prices over time is not constant. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the money market (interbank loan market) interest rates and stock market performance, as well as to investigate the predictability of price behaviour in the Tehran Stock Exchange. To determine effects as well as prediction, GARCH model is applied, also the Brock- Dechert - Scheinkman test (BDS) was used to determine the nonlinear behavior of the series for the stock market risk premium. The research findings confirmed the predictability and nonlinearity relationship between examined variables. Also, the research findings indicated that there is a meaningful relationship between the interbank loan rate with the price to income ratio of the Tehran Stock Exchange Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - A Numerical method for solving the problem of Pricing American Options under the CIR stochastic interest rate model
Abodolsadeh neisy maryam safaei Nader NematollahiThe main purpose of this study is to derive the price of American put option, when the interest rate follows a stochastic process. For this purpose, first underlying asset model is expanded to CIR stochastic interest rate model. Then, the problem of American option pric MoreThe main purpose of this study is to derive the price of American put option, when the interest rate follows a stochastic process. For this purpose, first underlying asset model is expanded to CIR stochastic interest rate model. Then, the problem of American option pricing under CIR stochastic interest rate model is formulated as a two-dimensional linear complementarity problem (LCP). We propose a two-cycle componentwise splitting method for solving this two-dimensional LCP. In this method, the two-dimensional LCP, obtained for the valuation of an American option, is decomposed into six one-dimensional LCPs in several fractional time steps, and then each LCP is solved numerically in two steps. So that in the first step, the tridiagonal systems of equations are solved, and then in the second step (update step), the obtained values of option prices are modified and updated according to the conditions of the American option pricing problem. Finally, the numerical results obtained by splitting introduced method are compared with the Monte Carlo simulation results Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - Using Fuzzy Interest Rates for Uncertainty Modelling in Enhanced Annuities Pricing
Mahboubeh Aalaei -
Open Access Article
182 - Investigate the relationship between inflation rateexchange rate and bank interest rates with earnings transparency (Companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange)
mohammad delkhoshLow transparency and poor quality of financial information provides decision-making conditions difficult for investors and makes them ambiguous conditions. Full disclosure, timely and high quality financial information, this information will lead to greater transp MoreLow transparency and poor quality of financial information provides decision-making conditions difficult for investors and makes them ambiguous conditions. Full disclosure, timely and high quality financial information, this information will lead to greater transparency, reduces information asymmetry. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between inflation, exchange rate and interest rate one-year investment with the transparency of corporate profits. In this research to determine earnings transparency of the model Barth et al (2008) have been used. Hypothesis-testing research, using financial data of 121 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2009 to 2014 has taken place.The findings show that between inflation, exchange rate and interest rate one-year investment with accounting transparency there is a significant relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - An Analysis of the Effects of International Coalition Forces in Afghanistan: Opportunities and Challenges.
Ali MohamadianNearly two decades have passed since the fall of the Taliban regime and the presence of US-led coalition forces in Afghanistan. Since 2001, the international coalition forces have embraced Afghanistan's political, economic, social and security developments. The Taliban' MoreNearly two decades have passed since the fall of the Taliban regime and the presence of US-led coalition forces in Afghanistan. Since 2001, the international coalition forces have embraced Afghanistan's political, economic, social and security developments. The Taliban's defeat, the first project, and then the formation of a new government and the reconstruction and structural reforms in the political, security, economic and social fields were the main pillars of the policy of the international coalition led by the United States and some international forums in this country.Most of these axes have been implemented since the fall of the Taliban in Afghanistan. However, Afghanistan is still in a volatile situation in 2019 and after about 18 years since the fall of the Taliban and spending a lot by governments and international as well as international coalition forces. So the question of the article is that what has happened since the fall of the Taliban by the international coalition and other international fora in Afghanistan, and with what opportunities and challenges are faced?The paper, in a descriptive analytical manner, believes that the measures taken to rebuild Afghanistan are inadequate and that, due to the conflicting interests of domestic, regional, and transnational actors, there are numerous barriers to resolving various crises in Afghanistan, whose ambiguities are ambiguous. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - The regional competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia and its impact on the security of the Persian Gulf based on offensive realism
Nader MolaeianThis article is prepared and organized based on the security conditions of the Persian Gulf and providing solutions for stability and security in this sensitive international region. Stable security in this geo-strategic, geo-cultural and geo-political region of the wor MoreThis article is prepared and organized based on the security conditions of the Persian Gulf and providing solutions for stability and security in this sensitive international region. Stable security in this geo-strategic, geo-cultural and geo-political region of the world is of great importance due to the route of energy passage and estimation of more than 90% of fossil energies (in 2030). The geography of the Persian Gulf, which is separated from the Sea of Oman by the Strait of Hormuz, consists of the following countries: Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, Oman and Qatar, which are important and vital for the world in terms of economy and fossil energy production. Is. Britain's withdrawal from this region and its replacement by the United States in 1970 has caused many ups and downs in this region of the Middle East. This year, the United States used the two countries of Iran and Saudi Arabia as two pillars of regional security to reduce the tension between the two countries and a barrier against communism in a plan called the Nixon-Kessinger doctrine (two-pillar security). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - Perception of the classroom environment and its relationship with students' academic motivation
Tayabah Hayrani Faranak MosaviThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between perception of the classroom environment and academic achievement of high school students in Kermanshah. The present study is a descriptive and correlational study in terms of the nature and purpose of MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between perception of the classroom environment and academic achievement of high school students in Kermanshah. The present study is a descriptive and correlational study in terms of the nature and purpose of the applied research and in terms of data collection method for testing hypotheses. The statistical population of this study is all high school students in Kermanshah, the number of which is equal to 12580 people, using Morgan table, 384 people were selected by simple random sampling. The questionnaires used in this study are Gobel and Riza (2002) Gender Perception Perception Questionnaire with a validity of 0.817 and Fredericks, Bloomfield, Paris (2002) with a validity of 0.717. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between interest in the classroom environment, challenges in the classroom environment, choice and enjoyment of the class and eagerness to study among high school students in Kermanshah. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - The effectiveness of the Developing an Encouraging Education Program for Parents on social interest, in adolescents with behavioral disorder
Mina Poornemat Hamid alizade Noorali FarrokhiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the Developing an Encouraging Education Program for Parents on social interest, in adolescents with behavioral disorder. The method of this study was a descriptive, semi-experimental, pre-test-post-test w MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the Developing an Encouraging Education Program for Parents on social interest, in adolescents with behavioral disorder. The method of this study was a descriptive, semi-experimental, pre-test-post-test with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of sixth to ninth grade students in the academic year of 96-97 in Tehran. From this community, a sample of 30 students from Resalat School (District 1) in Tehran was selected using available sampling. The CSI-4 questionnaire was used to collect data. 30 mothers were randomly assigned to experimental group (15) and control group (15), then the experimental group received 11 training sessions and the control group did not participate in any intervention. The data were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the dependent variable (p <0.05). Therefore, according to the results, it can be concluded that the encouragement training program for parents with adolescents with emotional disorders-behavior can reduce the symptoms of this disorder and use it as an effective treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - The base of the rule of offering "aham"
لیلا یوسفی Saeed Hasanzadeh DelgoshaThe most important and important rule, although not directly explicated in documents and doesn’t fall under explicit rules, all jurisprudential religions have stated basics and evidence for the argumentation and authority of the most important rule. these religions are MoreThe most important and important rule, although not directly explicated in documents and doesn’t fall under explicit rules, all jurisprudential religions have stated basics and evidence for the argumentation and authority of the most important rule. these religions are thought to be common concerning the essence of this rule and the necessity of opting for the most important over the important when rules contradict each other in practice. Their Shari'ah basics differ, as there are disagreements on other grounds such as consensus, reason, syllogism, juristic discretion, Maslaha, Sad Zaraye’, etc. Considering the significance and use of the increasingly employed rule of the most important in the Islamic community,The research method is descriptive-analytical; the data are gathered, and the content is analyzed. In the investigation of the Shia jurisprudence grounds, the Qur’an, the Traditions, the words, conducts, and the Hadith of the prophet and the Household (PBUT) are considered the consensus, while reason is the source of jurisprudential rulings. The important and most important rule is a general one referred to in all domains, this rule can be mainly examined when the rules contradict. This rule applies to the ranking based on prescribed rules, ranking based on the obligatory and the prohibited, compliance with general objectives and moral principles, precedence of the emergency over the ordinary, precedence of the possibly important affairs, and precedence based on specific moral characteristics of each of the parties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - The necessity of the intervention, done by government, in generation prohibiting in Iran's legal System (Regarding the note of Article 23 of the Family Support Law)
saeedh Tamizkar Atefeh Abbasi , Maryam Sadat Mohaghegh DamadAccording to the Article note 23 of the Family Support Law approved in 2011, in the situation where a contagious and dangerous disease of the couple causes damage to the fetus, medical and educational care and supervision should lead to the prohibition of generation. Co MoreAccording to the Article note 23 of the Family Support Law approved in 2011, in the situation where a contagious and dangerous disease of the couple causes damage to the fetus, medical and educational care and supervision should lead to the prohibition of generation. Considering that any intervention of the government in the privacy of the family requires jurisprudential and legal justification; This article tries to answer this main question with descriptive analytical method: "What are the jurisprudential-legal arguments for the government's intervention in generation prohibiting? And what is the necessity of governmental intervention? ». The method of qualitative article is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting data is library and through taking notes. reasons such as excessive economic, medical and health costs; public health threats; cultural problems; Generational risks and the decline of national authority are among the reasons that justify the need for government intervention. The jurisprudential legal basis of this necessity is to eliminate the conflict between the public interest and the family's privacy, which on the basis of an important rule, the public interest is prioritized and the prohibition of generation is justified. Manuscript profile
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